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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XV, No. 1 January, 1939

SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF

EPEOLINE AND NOMADINE BEES

(Hymenoptera, Nomadidse)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California, Berkeley

The following descriptions are offered in advance of a more

comprehensive study, now in progress, of the genera of the bee

family Nomadidse.

Genus Epeolus Latreille

Epeolus Latreille, 1802, Hist. nat. Fourmis, p. 427.

Phileremus, Cresson (nec Latreille), 1887, Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., Suppl., pp. 132, 297 (pars).

Argyroselenis Robertson,. 1903, Can. Ent., 35:284.

Since the time of Cresson, a group of Epeoline bees with two

submarginal cells has been separated from E peolus, usually under

the name of Philerelnus. The latter name was proposed by

Latreille for a group of distantly related bees and has long been

considered synomymous with Ammobates Latreille. Ducke

(1908) has referred one of these species with two submarginal

cells to Epeolus ( americanus Cresson) and has been followed

in this respect by Cockerell (1921, 1934). Phileremus mon-

tanus Cresson is very closely related to P. americanus and the

two should haVe the same generic disposition. Both species agree

with typical Epeolus in the form of the mandibles, maxillary

palpi, and structure of the terminal abdominal segments, differ-

ing only in having lost the second transverse cubital vein in the

anterior wing. The group typified by Phileremus mesillce

Cockerell, however, is not closely related to the above mentioned

Cresson species. It differs in having the mandibles simple or

with a feeble inner tooth at middle, rather than with a stout

subapical tooth, the wings are hyaline instead of tinted with

fuscous, and the abdominal bands are entire, unbroken at the

middle, and attaining the lateral tergal margins. This group is

confined to the desert areas of southwestern United States and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 1

although it seems advisable for the time being to retain these

in Epeolus, it may sometime be necessary to separate them sub-

generically. In southern California, in addition to what appears

to be typical mesillce, there is a larger subspecies (7.5 — 8 mm.

as compared with 5.5 — 6 mm.) which differs in having the

abdominal bands less distinctly defined and the dark areas

clouded with white pubescence. This form may be designated

as Epeolus mesillse palmarum, new subspecies. Holotype female

(No. 4789, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and allotype male (No. 4790,

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), collected by the writer at Edom, River-

side County, California, March 28, 1937, at flowers of Larrea

glutinosa. Paratypes from Palm Canyon, Edom, and Box

Canyon, all in Riverside County, in the collections of Mr. P. H.

Timberlake, Mr. C. D. Michener, and the writer.

Argyroselenis Robertson, based on Triepeolus minimus Rob.,

is merely an Epeolus with two free segments in the maxillary

palpi. 1 In both Epeolus and Triepeolus the palpi may have

either one or two free segments, although there are usually two

in the latter and one in the former. The palpal characters; are

therefore insufficient to separate the two genera. The most funda-

mental difference between them is in the structure of the geni-

talia and form of the apical abdominal segments. In the female

of Epeolus the fifth tergite bears a silvery pubescent band and

the pseudopygidial area is undifferentiated, the pygidial field

of the sixth tergite is narrowly rounded at the apex, and the

sixth sternite terminates in two broadly curved processes. In

Triepeolus the fifth tergite bears a flattened, bevelled, pseudopy-

gidial area, the pygidial field of the sixth tergite is broadly

rounded, and the sixth sternite terminates in two long, straight,

slender processes armed at the apex with stout, diverging spines.

Epeolus is a Holarctic group of northern origin, Triepeolus an

American group, probably of southern origin.

Triepeolus mojavensis Linsley, new species

Female: Black, pubescence black, variegated with whitish on

pronotum and mesoscutum and with bands of white on abdominal

tergites. Head narrower than thorax; vertex sparsely pubescent,

1 Cockerell (1921, Am. Mus. Nov., 23:2) has suggested that Argyroselenis

may be the same as Diepeolus Gribodo, which has two free segments in the

maxillary palpi. The type species of Gribodo’si genus is unknown to me but the

probabilities are that it should also be considered an Epeolus.

JANUARY, 1939]

LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES

moderately coarsely, closely punctured, the surface becoming

rugose near the eye margins ; ocelli separated by nearly one ocellar

diameter; frons coarsely, closely punctured, rather densely clothed

with moderately long, erect, black hairs; cheeks moderately

coarsely, closely punctured, not carinate; antennas black, scape

robust, less than three times as long as broad, pedicel moderately

retracted within apex of scape, about one and one-half times as

broad as long, first flagellar segment shorter than second; clypeus

subglabrous, finely punctured basally, a little more coarsely, closely

toward apex; labrum more coarsely and less regularly punc-

tured than clypeus, apex feebly emarginate at middle; maxillary

palpi composed of two free segments. Thorax robust; pronotum

clothed along dorsal margin with prostrate, whitish hairs; meso-

scutum moderately coarsely punctured, the punctures averaging

a little less than one puncture width apart, becoming sparser

on posterior disk, anterior and lateral margins clothed with pros-

trate, whitish hairs; tegulse subglabrous, distinctly and only mod-

erately finely punctured; axillse triangular but not produced as

a tooth or spine; mesoscutellum moderately biconvex, punctures

similar to those of mesoscutum, varying from less than one to

one puncture width apart, median line and lateral and posterior

margins clothed with prostrate whitish hairs; mesepisterna

coarsely, closely, subrugosely punctured, clothed with erect, black

hairs which are replaced by white along dorsal margin; meso-

sternum similarly punctured, the hairs all black; metanotum more

finely punctured than mesoscutellum, clothed with prostrate whitish

hairs, a little longer and suberect at sides; propodeum w5th tri-

angular area shining, very finely, closely punctured, subglabrous,

sides of propodeum; moderately densely clothed with long, whitish,

prostrate and suberect hairs; wings lightly tinted with fuscous,

marginal cell) longer than distance from its apex to tip of wing,

first submarginal cell along posterior margin, about as long as

second and third together; legs black, clothed with short, black

pubescence. Abdomen with tergites finely, closely plunctured,

dark areas clothed with prostrate, brownish black pubescence; first

tergite with a broad, dense band of white pubescence at sides,

narrowly separated on posterior margin, more widely and arcu-

ately at middle where it leaves an oval dark area on disk; ter-

gites two, three, and four with a broad, white band of hairs along

apical margin; fifth tergite with a broad pseudopygidial area,

defined primarily by coarse, erect and suberect, brown hairs;

pygidial plate of sixth tergite broadly triangular, sides straight,

apex broadly rounded; sternites black, finely, closely punctured,

sparsely clothed with prostrate black pubescence; processes of

sixth sternite slender, straight, apices spinose and clothed with

long hairs. Length: 8-10 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Holotype female (No. 4801, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), and

two paratypes, also female, collected by the writer at the junc-

tion of Deep Creek and the Mojave River, on the Mojave Desert

near Hesperia, California. The specimens were flying about

the nests of an undescribed species of Anthophora.

This remarkably anomalous species is intermediate in many

of its characters between Triepeolus and Epeolus, but seems

unquestionably to belong to the former genus. The maxillary

palpi are composed of two free segments, the marginal cell is

elongate, and the processes of the sixth sternite are slender,

straight, and spinose at the apex, but the pygidial plate of the

sixth tergite is broadly triangular with the apex broadly rounded.

From all of the species of Triepeolus known to the writer,

mojavensis differs in the absence of carinae on the cheeks.

Protepeolus integer Linsley, new species

Male: Black, the antennae, mouthparts, pronotal tubercles,

tegulae, scutellum, and legs entirely, or dominantly, reddish; pu-

bescence mostly whitish, with small patches of brown. Head with

vertex behind the ocelli shining, subglabrous, moderately coarsely

punctured, the punctures varying from less than one to one punc-

ture width apart; occiput clothed with long, erect, pale hairs;

facial pubescence very dense, white, obscuring the surface, longer

and suberect on clypeus ; ocelli large, nearly touching, lateral

ocelli separated from margin of compound eye by less than two

ocellar diameters; antennae with scape slender, pedicel longer than

broad, distinctly longer than second flagellar segment, first seg-

ment of flagellum about as long as the three following together;

mandibles piceous at apex, basal half of outer face densely fringed

with long, white hairs; maxillary palpi short, ultimate segment

robust. Thorax moderately stout; pronotal tubercles clothed with

white pubescence; mesoscutum punctured similarly to, but a little

more closely than, vertex, the punctures finer anteriorly; anterior

and lateral margins and anterior half of median longitudinal im-

pression clothed with whitish hairs; pubescence of remaining sur-

face shorter, brownish; lateral face of mesepisterna margined

with white pubescence, disk more coarsely punctured than meso-

scutum, clothed with longer brownish hairs; mesocutellum bicon-

vex, more coarsely punctured at middle, surface subglabrous ex-

cept for median line and lateral margins; metanotum subglabrous,

more finely punctured than mesocutellum; propodeum with sides

shining, coarsely punctured, sparsely clothed with long, white

hairs; triangular area sparsely clothed with shorter, suberect

hairs; legs reddish, coxae and trochanters piceous to black, sparsely

JANUARY, 1939]

LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES

clothed with white pubescence; wings lightly infuscated, a dusky

streak beyond marginal cell, marginal cell broadly rounded at

apex. Abdomen without a deep constriction between first and

second sternites; transverse bands of tergites entire, formed of

dense, short, plumose, white hairs ; first and second tergites with a

finely punctured, shining band along apical margins which is

sparsely clothed with brownish hairs ; tergites three to seven very

densely white pubescent, the pubescence of tergite seven and the

base of tergite five so dense as to appear velvety and more or less

cream colored; tergite seven without a pygidial plate; sternite five

very densely clothed with short, velvety, somewhat ochreous pubes-

cence. Length approximately 13 mm., anterior wing 6 mm.

Holotype: male (in collection of P. H. Timberlake), from

Douglas, Arizona, August 18, 1935, collected by Mr. W. W.

Jones.

This species differs from P. singularis Linsley and Michener,

its only known congener, by the more coarsely punctured in-

tegument, the sparsely pubescent metanotum, propodeum, coxae,

and trochanters, and the entire pubescent bands' of the abdomi-

nal tergites. Morphological differences, some of which are

probably sexual, may be enumerated as follows:

Antennae with first flagellar segment shorter than the following

two together; anterior and lateral ocelli smaller, separated by

about one ocellar diameter; maxillary palpi longer, ultimate

segment slender; marginal cell obliquely truncate at apex;

abdomen with a deep constriction between first and second

sternites singularis, 2

Antennae with first flagellar segment about as long as the follow-

ing three together; anterior and lateral ocelli nearly touching;

maxillary palpi shorter, ultimate segment robust; marginal

cell broadly rounded at apex; abdomen without a deep con-

striction between first and second sternites integer, $

Hesperonomada Linsley, new genus

Integument finely punctured. Head nearly as wide as thorax;

eyes attaining on vertex a line tangent to anterior margin of lat-

eral ocelli, very narrowly separated from base of mandibles below,

inner margins converging slightly on lower face; ocelli large,

anterior ocellus separated from lateral ocelli by less than the

diameter of a single ocellus, lateral ocelli separated from margin

of eye by about four ocellar diameters; vertex rounded above,

frontal suture distinct; antennas short, scape robust, a little more

than three times as long as broad, pedicel large, broader than

long, flagellar segments longer than broad, the first shorter than

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

second; labrum broader than long, apex broadly rounded; man-

dibles simple, inner margin edentate; maxillary palpi distinctly

shorter than first segment of labial palpi, composed of five free

segments, the first about one and one-third times as long as

second, remaining segments subequal in length. Thorax robust;

mesoscutem convex, median impression distinct; axilke rounded;

scutellum more or less evenly convex, feebly bilobed; metanotum

very transverse; mesepisterna short, vertical; anterior coxse sim-

ple, not spined; legs short, anterior femora without a tooth; wings

infuscated; marginal cell acute, apex not separated from costa,

submarginal cells two, subequal in length, the second cell receiv-

ing the two recurrent veins at about an equal distance from base

and apex. Abdomen slender, pubescent; lateral tergal processes of

first segment closely appressed to sternite; pygidial area of sev-

enth tergite of male entire, rounded.

Genotype: Hesperonomada melanantha n. sp.

This genus is related to Nomadai but differs in the very short,

five segmented maxillary palpi, finely punctured integument,

and in having the lateral tergal processes of the first abdominal

segment closely appressed to the sternite. From most of the

subgenera of Nomada ( Heminomada and Melanomada excepted)

it also differs in having only two submarginal cells. Hespero-

nomada superficially resembles Epeoloides but may readily be

distinguished by the elongate (rather than minute) last segment

of the maxillary palpi, pointed marginal cell which is not sep-

arated from the costa at the apex, the more widely separated

eyes with inner margins converging slightly below, and the

form of the pygidial area in both sexes. From the Chilean genus

Herbstiella \ to which Hesperonomada may be related, it differs

in the elongate (rather than broad) first discoidal cell and the

simple mandibles.

Hesperonomada melanantha Linsley, new species

Female: Black, the mouthparts, flagellum, legs, and abdomen

reddish; pubescence whitish. Head with vertex shining, finely,

sparsely punctured; antennae with scape and pedicel piceous,

shining; flagellum dark reddish; frons dullish, a little more

coarsely punctured than vertex, the punctures mostly separated

by three or four puncture diameters; surface moderately densely,

2 Hicks (1933, Am. Mus. Nov., 616:1) has recorded this genus from North

America, describing a new species, H. cockerelli from California. An examination

of the type by C. D. Michener and the writer reveals that the Hicks species is

really a Stelis and Herbstiella should therefore be removed from our North

American lists.

JANUARY, 1939]

LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES

white pubescent, the hairs at side of face longer and more heavily

plumose; clypeus pale reddish, darker at base, surface finely,

sparsely punctured and pubescent; lab rum, pale reddish, more

coarsely, subcontiguously punctured; maxillas and palpi pale red-

dish; mandibles reddish with the apices rufo-piceous. Thorax

black; pronotal tubercles clothed with white hairs; mesoscutum

shining, moderately coarsely punctured, the punctures of anterior

discal area close, nearly contiguous, those of posterior discal area

irregularly spaced, varying from less than one to two or three

diameters apart, surface very sparsely clothed with depressed

and suberect, plumose hairs; tegulas rufo- testaceous, very finely

punctured; mesepisterna densely clothed with white pubescence;

scutellum a little more finely punctured than mesoscutum, very

sparsely pubescent; metanotum sparsely punctured, densely

clothed at sides with suberect, heavily plumose hairs; legs red-

dish, femora shining, finely, sparsely punctured, sparsely clothed

with long, white, simple hairs, a few plumose hairs beneath;

tibias and tarsi a little more closely punctured and pubescent;

wings tinted with fuscous, with a pale area before apex just

beyond second submarginal and discoidal cells; veins and stigma

dark brownish. Propodeum, except triangular area, moderately

finely punctured, densely clothed with depressed, laterally directed,

heavily plumose white hairs; triangle very finely, closely punc-

tured, subglabrousi except for anterior angles. Abdomen pale red-

dish, tergites one to four, finely, sparsely punctured at base, with a

broad, impunctate apical margin, these tergites sparsely clothed

at sides with suberect, plumose hairs which under very low mag-

nification suggest vague lateral bands or patches; tergite five finely,

sparsely punctured at base, sparsely clothed with suberect, simple

hairs, pseudopygidial area very densely clothed with short pu-

bescence which obscures the surface; processes of sternite six

with a number of black hairs at apex. Length: 5.5 mm.

Male: Black, including antennas, legs, and abdomen, only the

labrum, mouthparts and tarsi reddish; abdominal tergites one to

five with a broad impunctate margin; pygidial area of seventh ter-

gite finely punctured; apex broadly rounded. Length: 5.75 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4791, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), and

allotype male (No. 4792), captured at the Hastings Natural

History Reservation near Jamesburg, California, in the Santa

Lucia Mts., June 8-11, 1938, by Charles Michener. Paratypes:

one male with the same data as the allotype, in the collection

of Mr. Michener, one male from Antioch, California, September

10, 1936, M. Cazier collector, in the collection of P. H. Timber-

lake, one male from Westwood Hills, Los Angeles County, Cali-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

fornia, July 27, 1935, in the collection of the writer, and one

female, Laguna Beach, California (Baker) .

H. melanantlia resembles a species of Nomada (undescribed?)

common on Salix at Berkeley, California.

Triop asites Linsley, new genus

Female: Integument finely punctured; vestiture not squami-

form. Head nearly as wide as thorax; eyes with inner margins

converging slightly below, widest at lower one-fourth, barely

separated from base of mandibles; ocelli arranged in a triangle,

hind margin of anterior ocellus barely intersecting a line tangent

to anterior margins of lateral ocelli, anterior and lateral ocelli

separated by a little less than the diameter of a single ocellus;

antennas inserted on a line a little below middle of eyes, scape

slender, about four times as long as broad, pedicel nearly as long

as broad, about one-half as long as first flagellar segment, first seg-

ment of flagellum a little longer than second, remaining segments

subequal in length, except the last which, is nearly one and one-

half times as long as broad; labrum wider than long, sub-

triangular; mandibles short, armed with a feeble internal tooth;

maxillary palpi very short, composed of three free segments which

are more or less subequal in length, last segment slender, more

or less acute at apex; labial palpi elongate, first segment a little

half times as long as broad; labrum wider than long, sub-

equal in length, together about two-thirds as long as second.

Thorax robust; mesoscutum with median line impressed; axillaa

very feebly dentate; scutellum almost evenly convex, indistinctly

bilobed; metanotum about one-third as long as scutellum; anterior

coxae longer than broad; mesepisterna convex, anterior and ven-

tral angles obtusely rounded;' anterior wings with three sub-

marginal cells, the first nearly as long as the second and third

together, second receiving first recurrent nervure at about middle,

third receiving second recurrent vein near apex, marginal cell

large, nearly as long as discoidal cell, apex distinctly separated

from costa, obliquely truncate; intermediate and posterior legs

short, stout, their tibiae with a few short spines on outer faces,

claws simple, neither cleft nor toothed, pulvilli short, apex not

swollen. Abdomen with five visible sternites, the sixth repre-

sented by a pair of narrow, projecting processes armed at the

apex with a few diverging spines; fifth tergite with a pseu-

dopygidial area at apex.

Genotype: Triopasites timherlakei n. sp.

This genus exhibits a remarkable combination of characters,

some of which appear to bridge the gap between the Nomadine

and Pasitine genera. In the former group it appears to be re-

JANUARY, 1939]

LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES

lated to Hesperonomada , differing primarily in the form of

the marginal cell (separated from costal margin), number of

submarginal cells, and the short, three segmented maxillary

palpi. The first of these characters will distinguish Triopasites

from all of the Nomadine genera but Hexepeolus. In the Pasitine

group, the genus bears a striking, although possibly superficial,

resemblance to Pasites and Oreopasites. It may be distinguished

from these genera by the venation of the anterior wings (marginal

cell rounded at apex, three submarginal cells), the absence of

carinae along the inner ocular margins, the short, broad labrum,

and the presence of a pygidial plate on the sixth abdominal

tergite of the female.

Triopasites timberlakei Linsley, new species

Female: Black, mouthparts, legs, and abdomen pale reddish.

Head sparsely clothed with short, suberect, heavily plumose white

hairs; vertex finely, sparsely punctured about antennal bases,

where the punctures are one to two diameters apart, more

coarsely and irregularly near margin of eyes; antennas reddish

piceous, scape polished, very sparsely punctured; clypeus reddish,

shining, finely sparsely punctate, the punctures mostly from four

to six diameters apart, surface sparsely clothed with short, fine

hairs; labrum similarly but more coarsely punctured than

clypeus; mandibles pale reddish, becoming piceous toward apex.

Mesoscutum polished, subglabrous, more coarsely punctured than

head, punctures of disk largest and varying from nearly con-

tiguous along median line to from one to three diameters apart

at sides; tegulse testaceous, darker at middle; scutellum punc-

tured similarly to scutum, subglabrous; metanotum densely clothed

with long, heavily plumose, white hairs; mesosternum shining,

sparsely, coarsely punctured, the punctures mostly separated by

from one to five diameters; mesepisterna moderately coarsely,

closely punctured, sparsely clothed with depressed pale hairs,

anterior coxas clothed beneath with long, heavily plumose white

hairs; legs moderately clothed with long pale hairs. Propodeum

with sides coarsely punctured, clothed with long, white, plumose

hairs, triangular area subglabrous, dull, tessellate. Abdomen

dullish, tergites finely punctured at base, apical margin depressed,

almost im punctate; tergites one to four sparsely clothed with

very short, fine, inconspicuous pale hairs except for lateral apical

margins which bear a transverse patch of long, heavily plumose,

white hairs; pseudopygidial area of fifth tergite finely punctured,

clothed with fine, erect, simple hairs; sternites finely punctured,,

sparsely clothed with long, depressed, pale hairs. Length: 5 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Holotype female, from Riverside, California, May 10, 1926,

in the collection of Mr. P. H. Timberlakel who very kindly sent

the specimen to the writer for study.

This species has almost exactly the form and coloration of

an undescribed species of Oreopasites which occurs in the same

region.

Paranomada velutina Linsley, new species

Male: Black, integument polished, shining, almost impunctate;

pubescence white and ochraceous. Head distinctly narrower than

thorax; occiput thinly clothed with pale pubescence; vertex sub-

glabrous, with only a few, scattered hairs; ocelli small, anterior

ocellus in a slight depression, separated from lateral ocelli by

more than a single ocellar diameter; eyes small, attaining on

vertex a line tangent to posterior margin of lateral ocelli, inner

margins subparallel; frontal carina evanescent above, repre-

sented by a pit above antennal insertions; antennas short, pedicel

about as long as broad, flagella^ segments subequal in length,

wider than long, the first a little longer than the second;

frons about antennal bases densely clothed with moderately long,

suberect, pale pubescence; clypeus subglabrous, dark reddish;

labrum densely pubescent; mandibles pale reddish, apices piceous;

maxillary palpi very short, composed of four free segments, the

first longer than broad, second about three times as long as^ third,

third and fourth subequal in length. Thorax broad, dorso-ventrally

compressed; pronotal tubercles densely clothed with pale pubes-

cence; mesoscutum slightly convex, median impression not evident,

pubescent only along lateral margins; metanotum pubescent, more

densely at sides; lower mesepisterna and mesosternum subglab-

rous, with a few, short, widely separated, suberect, fine hairs; legs

reddish brown, coxse not strongly lamellate externally; femora

moderately densely clothed with long, suberect, pale hairs, tibiae

and tarsi densely pubescent; wings tinted with fuscous, anterior

pair with a large pale area before apex beyond the last sub-

marginal and the discoidal cells, veins and stigma brownish.

Propodeum polished, irregularly pubescent, with a patch of de-

pressed whitish hairs along lateral margins, a patch over ante-

rior angles of triangular area, and a patch on each side of poste-

rior angle of area. Abdomen shining; tergites finely, sparsely

punctured at base, with scattered, short, suberect hairs; tergites

two to six with a very dense, narrow, convex band of velvety,

ochraceous pubescence along apical and lateral margins; seventh

tergite clothed with long, erect and suberect, ochraceous hairs,

pygidial area clothed with short, suberect hairs, apex subtruncate,

entire. Length: 12.5 mm.

JANUARY, 1939]

LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES

Holotype: male (in collection of P. H. Timberlake), from

Douglas, Ariz., August 10, 1936, collected by Mr. W. W. Jones.

This interesting species shares so many characters with Para-

nomada nitida Linsley and Michener, that I have placed it in

the same genus in spite of the fact that the maxillary palpi are

only four segmented and the coxas lack the broad, lamellate

processes. Since P. nitida is known only in the female and

velutina only in the male sex, it is possible that the lamellate

coxae represents a sexual character. If this is not the case, and

the palpal differences prove constant, it may be necessary at

some time to separate velutina either generically or subgeneri-

cally. Other differences, which may or may not be sexual, include

the following: (1) in velutina the legs, and especially the poste-

rior tibiae, are more slender; (2) in nitida the gular groove is

more narrowed posteriorly; and (3) in velutina the anterior

metatarsus is robust and angulate beyond the middle whereas it

is slender throughout in nitida.

AN EXOTIC CONODERUS NEW TO CALIFORNIA, WITH

A NEW NAME FOR BICARINATUS VAN DYKE

(Coleoptera, Elateridse)

Specimens of Conoderus ( Heteroderes ) laurentii (Guer.) have

recently been collected near Huntington Park on the outskirts

of Los Angeles. On July 10 and August 2, 1938, E. S. Herald,

a University of California student, while working in his garden

picked up several adult beetles.

This species is South American in origin, being represented

in the British Museum, and Candeze Collection in the National

Museum in Brussels by specimens from the West Indies, Argen-

tina, Peru, Brazil and Colombia. It was first recorded in this

country in 1927 in Southern Alabama (Hyslop, 1934), later in

Florida and described by Blatchley as fuscosus. In my review of

the genus (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Series 4, 20:298, 1932), I

wrongly identified it as amplicollis Gyll.

Conoderes bicarinatus Van Dyke (nec Reitter, 1891), de-

scribed in the same paper, should be changed to Conoderus

arizonicus Van Dyke, new name. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

ORNITHODOROS TALAJE ON THE CALIFORNIA

MAINLAND

BY THOMAS H. G. AITKEN

University < of California, Berkeley

While traveling in Southern California during the past

spring, the writer collected specimens of what is believed to be

the first actual record of Ornithodoros talaje (Guerin-Meneville)

on the California mainland. This species was described by

Guerin-Meneville (1) in 1849 from Guatemala. Banks (2) in his

“Revision of the Ixodoidea, or Ticks, of the United States,” re-

ports examining specimens from Gum Cave, Citrus County,

Florida; Brownsville, Texas, and San Clemente Island, Califor-

nia. It has also been reported from New York(3), Wisconsin,

Minnesota, and Colorado, but is primarily a Mexican, Central

and South American species.

The adult ticks, fortunately one male and one female, were

discovered in the trunk at the rotted base of a Joshua tree

( Yucca brevifolia Englm.) in the Mojave Desert, about one mile

east of Palmdale, San Bernardino County (April 14, 1938) . In

hacking at the trunk, any signs of a rodent’s nest that might have

been present were destroyed; however a few bits of dried grass

and brush as well as other debris were found, which might have

been the remains of a nest.

The finding of this tick in the Mojave Desert is of interest

in that it adds to the list of potential relapsing fever vectors in

this state. Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler, 1935, is the vector of

California Relapsing Fever in the High Sierra(4) , whereas

Ornithodoros talaje is considered the principal agent in relaps-

ing fever transmission in Mexico, Central America and north-

ern South America. The third species which has been reported

from California, Ornithodoros turicata (Duges 1876), is the

arthropod vector in Kansas and Texas.

Determinations were made by Dr. Charles M. Wheeler, The

George William Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, Uni-

versity of California.

Mr. D. E. Howell has recently informed the writer that on

August 6, 1938, he collected what he determined as Ornitho-

doros talaje on the west slope of Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa

County, at an approximate elevation of 2000 feet. The single

JANUARY, 1939]

AITKEN — AEDES RECORDS

specimen, a last nymphal instar, was found at the side of a

rodent hole. Mr. Howell’s identification has been confirmed by

Dr. R. A. Cooley, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mon-

tana.

Literature Cited

1. Guerin-Meneville, F. E., 1849. Argas talaje n. sp. Revue et

Mag. de Zool., (2) I, pp. 342-344.

2. Banks, N., 1908. A Revision of the Ixodoidea, or Ticks, of

the United States. U. S. Dept, of Agric. Bureau of Entomol-

ogy, Technical Series No. 15, 60 pp., 10 plates, Washington,

D. C.

3. Matheson, R., 1931. Note on the tick Ornithodorus talaje

(Guer.-Men.) . Parasitology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 11 May.

4. Herms, W. B. and Wheeler, C. M., 1935. Tick Transmission

of California Relapsing Fever. Jl. Econ. Ent., Vol. 28, pp.

846-855, Dec.

TWO NEW AEDES RECORDS FOR CALIFORNIA

(Diptera, Culicidse)

BY THOMAS H. G. AITKEN

University of California, Berkeley

On the 20th of June, 1937, while collecting in northeastern

Shasta County, the writer captured several unusual-looking

mosquitoes which have since been identified as Aedes ( Ochlero -

tatus ) flavescens (Muller) and Aedes ( T aeniorhynchus ) nigro-

maculis (Ludlow) . Neither of these species have previously been

reported from California.

Aedes flavescens (Muller) is distributed throughout the north-

ern plains area of the United States and Canada, and has been

recorded as far west as British Columbia and at Big Fork near

Flathead Lake, Montana (Dyar, H. G. The Mosquitoes of the

United States. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 62, Art. 1, p. 74.

1922). Mail ( The Mosquitoes of Montana. Montana Exp. Sta.,

Bull. 288, p. 30. 1934) states that the Big Fork record is doubt-

ful, as it is the sole record west of the Divide, and furthermore

the collection was made out of season, the mosquitoes being

collected by E. Ricker, November 14, 1904. Mail suggests that

Montana is the western boundary of the mid-continental range

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

of this species. Recent correspondence with Mr. H. H. Stage

(Associate entomologist, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau of Ent. and

Plant Quar., Portland, Oregon) permits me to further enlarge

upon the distributional picture of this species. The following

are definite Oregon records: Chewaucan Marsh (near Paisley),

Lake County, June 16, 1931, and Adel, Lake County, July 16,

1932 (C. M. Gjullin Coll.) ; “00” Ranch (near Burns), Harney

County, August 21, 1933 (H. H. Stage Coll.). Stage states that

Aedes flavescens (Muller) has been found generally abundant

throughout Malheur, Harney, Lake and somewhat in Klamath

counties; it probably also occurs in Grant and Baker counties.

This pestiferous species appears to be widely distributed through-

out the desert and semi-desert regions of Eastern Oregon where

it is found breeding in water from irrigation ditches that has

overflowed onto alkali flats. It is quite probable that both of

the species dealt with in this paper will be found in Eastern

Washington and in the northeastern corner of California in

Lassen and Modoc counties. Aedes flavescens (Muller) also

occurs in Alaska, Asia and Europe.

Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) apparently is chiefly an in-

habitant of the arid plains of the Middle West where it breeds in

rain puddles and irrigation water. It has been reported from

Brownsville, Texas, northwards on both sides of the Divide to

Alberta and Saskatchewan. The westernmost record until now

appears to have been Boise, Idaho, August 4, 1901, C. B. Simp-

son (reported by Dyar). Through the kindness of Mr. Stage

additional data are available from Oregon. There are records of

this species from the eastern part of the state, and in particular,

Hereford, Baker County, May, 1932 (C. M. Gjullin Coll.).

Martini reports the collection of this species (one female) by

Dr. Dampf from Santa Lucrecia, Veracruz, Mexico, September 9,

1930 (Martini, E. Los Mosquitos de Mexico. Boletines Tecnicos,

Serie A: Entomologia Medica y Parasitologia. No. 1, Departa-

mento de Salubridad Publica, Mexico. D. F. 1935).

The above species, together with Culex tarsalis Coquillett,

were collected as they flew up from the grass in a somewhat

marshy field, caused by high water in the nearby river. The

locality for this new western record in California is Warm

Springs, some seven miles northeast of Glenburn in the Fall

River Valley; the elevation is approximately 3400 feet.

JANUARY, 1939]

VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN

COLEOPTERA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Family Lampyridje

Genus Brachylampis Van Dyke, new genus

Small, short and compact. Head of moderate size, concealed

from above by overhanging prothorax because of flexed position,

when extended fully reaching the anterior margin of prothorax;

antennee neither pectinate nor serrate but robust, somewhat com-

pressed and almost reaching middle of elytra, the second, or second

and third, segments short and transverse, less than one-half the

length of the following; remaining segments almost one-half longer

than broad, the proximal subtriangular, the distal with sides some-

what parallel, the eleventh or terminal elliptical, rounded at apex

and without an appendix; eyes rather large, somewhat coarsely

granular and well separated. Prothorax transverse, broadly

rounded in front, with anterior margin narrowly reflexed; base

bisinuate, with median area broadly lobed and narrowly margined,

the hind angles acute, divergent and carinate, with deep foveas

within. Beneath: middle coxse contiguous; epipleura distinct and

broad at base; legs flattened, the fourth tarsal segments bilobed,

short, concealing only the base of last segment; last three ab-

dominal segments testaceous, the last ventral rounded at apex.

Genotype: Brachylampis sanguinicollis, new species.

This peculiar genus apparently belongs in the tribe Lucido-

tini but it is anomalous, looking like none of the other genera

in North America. Its peculiar features are its small size and

compact body, the prothorax strongly bifoveate at base, with

bisinuate posterior margin and well defined, divergent hind

angles, the head inflexed and concealed from above but well

developed and reaching front margin of pronotum when ex-

tended, the antennae short and compact, with first or first and

second segments very short, the following elongate and more or

less parallel sided, fourth tarsal segments short, covering only

the base of the last, and the last three ventral segments testa-

ceous, the last rounded at apex. As far as I know, it does not

emit light. In size and shape it somewhat resembles Brachypsec-

tra or Omethes, being generally broader and more robust than

the latter but of the same length.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Brachylampis sanguinicollis Van Dyke, new species

Figure 1.

Small, compact, subparallel, black except prothorax which is

rufous and the three terminal ventral segments which are testa-

ceous; sparsely, finely pubescent throughout. Head of moderate

size, front punctured, clypeus feebly sulcate; antennae robust,

second segment small and transverse, about one-half length of

third, the following feebly triangular and almost one-half longer

than broad. Prothorax about twice as broad as long, feebly con-

vex; sides somewhat convergent forwards from, hind angles; front

slightly arcuate; disk with a fine median longitudinal impression

Fig. 1. Brachylampis sanguinicollis Van Dyke, n. sp.,

dorsal and ventral views, x 13.

and a small transverse ridge in front just behind the anterior

reflexed margin; rather sparsely, feebly punctured; its other

characters mentioned in the generic description. Scutellum well

developed, rounded at apex, coarsely punctured, with short pubes-

cence that appears slightly fulvous in strong light. Elytra twice

as long as broad, subparallel and conjointly rounded at apex, the

disk coarsely, irregularly punctured and rugose. Ventral surface

rather finely punctured and scabrous. Length 5.25 mm., breadth

2 mm.

Holotype (No. 4766, Mus., Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and nu-

merous designated paratypes from a series of sixty-four speci-

mens in my own collection in the California Academy of Sci-

JANUARY, 1939]

VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA

ences, and forty-six specimens loaned me for study by Mr.

Arthur T. McClay. All were collected at various times during

June, 1929, from amongst the drift debris collected in a reservoir

near Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, California. The color of

the prothorax fades somewhat after death.

Brachylampis blaisdelli Van Dyke, new species

This species is very similar superficially to the preceding but

differs by being in general slightly larger, proportionally broader,

the prothorax in particular; by having the anterior prothoracic

margin almost a complete semicircle as seen from behind, and

the disk with a black spot extending from the apex to the middle

of the base, the punctuation also considerably coarser; antennas

with segments II and III both small and transverse, II the larger;

each about a third the length of IV which is triangular, twice as

long as broad and somewhat broader than III or IV in sanguini-

collis, the following segments gradually narrower toward the

apex; scutellum subacute at apex, with a median longitudinal

carina in front; and the elytra more coarsely and deeply sculp-

tured.

Holotype (No. 4767, Mus., Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) from San

Diego, California, and paratype from Poway, San Diego County,

California, both collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell and now in his

collection in the California Academy of Sciences. A third speci-

men from Mt. Wilson, Los Angeles County, California, collected

in July, is in the Fenyes collection, also in the California Acad-

emy of Sciences. It is in agreement with the preceding in all

regards except as to the color of the pronotum, this being entirely

orange red.

This very distinct species is readily separated from the pre-

ceding by the type of antennae and the more coarsely sculptured

elytra, and in most cases by the maculate prothorax, as well as

by its slightly larger size and proportionally broader antennae.

Family Mycetophagidve

Mycetophagus pluriguttatus franciscanus Van Dyke,

new subspecies

Of the same size and form as pluriguttatus and sharing with

it antennae which have the three outer segments in the form of

an elongated, slightly enlarged club; the prothorax broadest be-

hind the middle, with rather evenly arcuate sides, subbasal foveae

somewhat elongate, and disk densely punctured; elytra with shal-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

lowly impressed strise that are finely, rather closely punctured on

the disk but more or less obliterated at the sides and toward the

apex; differing in color pattern, the entire insect being of a

uniform piceous color except for the legs, which are generally

rufous, the apical antennal segment, which is often testaceous,

and the prothorax, which is sometimes rufopiceous or at least

lighter in shade than the elytra. Length 5.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4768 Mus., Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and sev-

eral designated paratypes, collected by myself in the Oakland

hills, California, March 28, 1920, or on other dates. This very

distinct and more or less unicolorous subspecies seems to be

limited to the San Francisco Bay region. In former years I used

to find it quite frequently during the winter months or early

spring about the fungus growths of decaying stumps in the hills

back of Oakland. Our series in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences consists of over twenty-three specimens, all

remarkably uniform as to size and coloration. These were col-

lected in the following localities: Oakland hills, Berkeley, Lake

Lagunitas and other places in Marin County, San Francisco and

Carmel, all collected by either Dr. F. E. Blaisdell or myself.

The more typical bicolored pluriguttatus is generally found

more inland, particularly in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Once

or twice I have found the coastal subspecies with more or less

well defined subapical elytral light markings but never any

specimens with a color pattern approaching that of the typical

form.

Family Pythidje

Cononotus bryanti Van Dyke, new species

Very elongate, rufotestaceous, with fine, closely appressed gray

pile, sufficiently dense to in great part conceal the sculpturing.

Head, including the eyes, about as broad as apex of prothorax;

rather finely, somewhat densely and indistinctly punctured; front

longitudinally subcarinate at middle; eyes rather large yet feebly

convex; antennas about reaching base of prothorax, with all seg-

ments longer than broad, but segments IX and X very slightly so.

Prothorax obconical; three-fourths as broad as long and broadest

one-fourth distance from apex; apex almost twice as broad as

base; sides feebly sinuate behind; disk densely and shallowly

punctured. Elytra elongate elliptical, almost two and a half times

as long as broad, convex; punctures fine and irregularly distrib-

uted though to a great extent concealed by the pubescence.

Length 3.75 mm., breadth 1 mm.

JANUARY, 1939]

VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA

Holotype (No. 4769, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) collected

in the Tuscon Mountains, Arizona, March 15, 1936, by Owen

Byrant and kindly presented by him. Five paratypes, also from

the same locality, collected February 21, 1937, by Mr. Bryant,

four of which will be returned to the collector.

Of the three species with elytral punctures irregularly dis-

tributed, this species may be distinguished by being much the

narrowest as well as by being somewhat coarsely pubescent.

Cononotus lanchesteri Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, somewhat flattened, rufotestaceous, and sparsely

clothed with short, fine, closely appressed pile. Head, including

eyes, as broad as apex of prothorax; rather coarsely, closely and

somewhat cribrately punctured; eyes prominent; antennas reach-

ing base of prothorax, segments IX and X about as broad as long.

Prothorax obconical; almost as broad as long, broadest close to

apex; apex twice as broad as base; sides feebly sinuate behind;

disk densely punctured. Elytra elongate elliptical, over twice as

long as broad; feebly convex above, with sides subcarinate; punc-

tures on disk distinct though fine and irregularly distributed in

front and very minute, almost imperceptible behind, the general

surface feebly shining. Length 4.25 mm., breadth 1.30 mm.

Holotype (No. 4770, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), and three

paratypes, collected at Parma, Idaho, March 24, 1930, by H. P.

Lanchester, and by him very kindly presented to me. A single

specimen in the Fenyes Collection, from “Leeds Ut., Aug. 4-7,

Wickham,” belongs with the above.

This species is the longest in the genus and may be separated

from the preceding, which is also very elongate, by being slightly

broader and flatter, more finely, sparsely punctured and by hav-

ing the head more coarsely punctured, the outer segments of the

antennae also a bit more transverse.

Synoptic Key to Cononotus 1

1. Elytra with punctures fine but numerous and irregularly dis-

persed; length 2.75-4.25 mm 2

-. Elytra with punctures more or less regularly arranged in rows

and generally coarser 4

2. Pubescence fine and sparse, not perceptibly concealing sculp-

turing; prothorax almost as broad in front as long 3

-• Pubescence quite evident, concealing sculpturing to quite a de-

gree; prothorax narrower in front than long; elytra elongate

1 An elaboration of the key published by me in Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc.,

XXIII, pp. 258-259, 1928.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 1

elliptical, almost two and one-half times as long as broad;

length 4 mm., S. Arizona bryanti

3. Head finely and discretely punctured; antennas with segments

VII to X distinctly transverse; prothorax broadest one-fourth

distance from apex; elytra elliptical, twice as long as broad,

somewhat dull and with punctures moderately coarse and close

in front and very fine behind; length 2.75-3.25 mm. S. Cali-

fornia sericans

-. Head coarsely and closely, somewhat cribrately punctured;

antennae with segments all as long as, or longer than, broad;

prothorax broadest close to apex; elytra elongate elliptical,

over twice as long as broad, somewhat shining and with punc-

tures fine and sparse in front and very minute behind; length

4.25 mm. Idaho lanchesteri

4. Pubescence fine and sparse, not concealing sculpturing 5

-. Pubescence dense; elytra elliptical, striae not impressed; length

3 mm. Owens Valley, California macer

5. Larger and darker species; elytral striae evidently impressed,

elytra slightly broader anteriorly; length 2.5-3 mm. Los An-

geles, California striatus

-. Smaller and more testaceous colored species; elytral striae not

distinctly impressed, elytra elliptical; length 1.75-2 mm. Santa

Clara and Alameda counties, California punctatus

Family Pyrochroid^e

Dendroides pacificus Barrett (1932) = D. marginata Van

Dyke (1928).

Rhipidothrips Brunneus Williams

This species, was described by Mr. C. B. Williams in 1913

(Records and Descriptions of British Thysanoptera, Journal

Economic Biology, Vol. VIII, No. 4, pp. 216-230) and, so far

as known up to the present time, has been found only in Sussex,

England.

On April 8th and 15th, 1936, Messrs. George Ferguson and

B. Crowell made collections of this species on Canary grass,

oats and Osmaronia flowers at Corvallis and Granger, Oregon

(Moulton Nos. 5547 and 5548). This identification is from

printed description only and not by comparison with identified

material but there can be little doubt as to its proper classifica-

tion. This is the first record of the finding of this species in

North America. — Dudley Moulton.

JANUARY, 1939]

MICHELBACHER— SYMPHYLA

NOTES ON SYMPHYLA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE

NEW SPECIES OF SYMPHYLELLA FROM CALIFORNIA

BY A. E. MICHELBACHER

University of California, Berkeley

Members of the class Symphyla are widely distributed

throughout California. During the past year considerable time

has been devoted by the author to a search for members of this

class. They have been found under a wide variety of conditions,

and apparently can be collected in practically any location in

the region adjacent to San Francisco Bay. Representatives of the

class have been found in pasture land, on hill sides, along stream

banks, in forested areas, at Point Reyes on the beach at highest

tide level, and in fact in almost every conceivable environment.

They may be found in soils varying from sands to clays. They

are probably as abundant in nature as most other arthropods.

Although a number of new species have been collected, only

three members belonging to the genus Symphylella will be de-

scribed in this paper. The writer believes that considerable

caution should be practiced in describing new species because

the variation found within a species is so great that it would be

quite possible to describe two different stages of the same species

as new. In working out the life history of Scutigerella immacii-

lata (Newp .) 1 marked variations were observed even after the

animals reached the stage with twelve pairs of legs. It was found

that they moult from time to time throughout their entire life,

and that this makes possible morphological changes.

No life-history study has been attempted with any other mem-

ber of the class, but enough information is at hand to indicate

that most of the species have a rather complex life history. For

example, in studying cleared and stained large specimens of

Symphylella subterranea, an individual was encountered which

at the time it was collected was just about ready to cast its skin.

On the slide the old and new integuments are easily seen, one

within the other. This specimen was as large as any I have ever

collected, indicating that moulting in this species probably

occurs from time to time even after sexual maturity is reached.

Other specimens have been examined in about the same condi-

tion, where a new skin can be seen within the old one.

1 Michelbacher, A. E. The biology of the garden centipede, Scutigerella

immaculata. Hilgardia, 11 (3) : 55-148, 1938.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

In studying large series of individuals which appear to be

mature, variations in size, number of antennal segments, and

number of setae on the various anatomical regions are encoun-

tered. These variations are probably the result of the moulting

characteristics of the group. Because of these differences, I

have found it very difficult to describe a species and believe it

inadvisable to do so unless an investigator has a large series

with which to work. Several symphylans have previously been

described from one or two specimens, but such a practice can

often lead to confusion. In some cases much stress has been

placed on chaetotaxy. The present study certainly shows that

in the same species the chaetotaxy of two individuals may show

considerable variation.

The following descriptions are made from prepared mounts

and all measurements given have been obtained from mounted

specimens.

Symphylella subterranea Michelbacher, n. sp.

Figures la to lg

Head somewhat elongate, about 1.3 times longer than wide;

central rod (coronal suture) interrupted at the middle, without

median lateral branches; anterior branches (frontal sutures)

prominent but less distinct than the central rod; post-antennal

organs of average size. Antennae with 18 to 23 segments (holo-

type 21 segments) ; setae on basal segments very prominent and

rather long, but much reduced on the distal segments; setse on

inner side of the basal segments nearly twice as long as those

on outer side; beginning of a second whorl of setse at about the

7th or 8th segment; with several small circular sensory organs

along greatest circumference of ante-apical segment, this segment

usually containing the largest number of these organs, although

they may be present on the next 11 or more segments toward the

the proximal end. On the right antenna of the holotype there

are three of these organs on the second segment and one each

on the next 13 segments while on the left antenna there appear

to be two such organs on the second segment and one each on

the next 12 segments. Only the 13 scuta having the triangular

processes are considered and these are referred to by numbers;

processes all triangular in shape, their tips produced into small

knobs. Knobs in the holotype generally round, their greatest

diameter usually slightly more than the width of their attach-

ment. Anterior-lateral setae of second scutum much shorter than

the processes. First pair of legs reduced to wart-like structures,

remaining pairs well developed, and sparsely covered with setse.

JANUARY, 1939]

MICHELBACHER— SYMPHYLA

Tarsus of last pair of legs about 4.3 times as long as wide, its

upper surface with six rather prominent setaa which are as long

as, or a little longer than, width of tarsus. Tibia of last pair

of legs with four rather prominent setee on upper surface, their

length equal to about half the depth of the segment. Styli very-

much reduced, cone-shaped, densely covered with short hairs, and

about twice as long as their width at base. Seven pairs of fully

developed coxal sacsi located at bases of fully developed legs from

second to eighth pairs inclusive. Cerci large and well covered

with setee, those setee on the inner surface curved and of nearly

equal length, while those on the outer surface are of two types —

short, more numerous curved setae, and larger protruding setae.

Striped organ only about the length of the apical setae or not

quite as long as the longest lateral setae. Length of cerci about

3.5 times their greatest width. Length of holotype 5.1 mm.

Holotype, No. 4798, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Clarksburg,

California.

Occasionally specimens are encountered in which the knobs

are elongate on some of the scuta. In such cases their greatest

width is nearly the same as their attachment. The number of

setae between the anterior lateral and the apical setae of the

scuta shows considerable variation even in mature specimens.

The variation in the type and the range in variation is shown

in table 1. The number of marginal setae on the two sides of

the same scutum of the same individual may show some variation.

This species has only been collected in a single field where

it was encountered in fair abundance. It inhabits the lower

layers of soil and can seldom be taken above a depth of six

inches. It is not attracted to growing vegetation and probably

feeds on fungus. It is rather slow in motion.

Probably the most prominent feature of this species is its

large size, which distinguishes it from most other members of

the genus. It is most closely related to S. essigi n. sp. and the

differences are considered under the description of the latter

species.

Symphylella essigi Michelbacher, n. sp.

Figures 2a to 2h

Head somewhat elongate, about 1.2 times as long as wide;

central rod (coronal suture) interrupted at about middle, with-

out median lateral branches; anterior branches (frontal sutures)

prominent, but slightly less distinct than the central rod. Post-

antennal organs of average size. Antennse of 18 to 21 segments

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

(holotype 21 segments) ; setae very prominent and rather long

on basel segments but much reduced on distal segments; setae

on inner side of basal segments about one and one-half times as

long as those on outer side; a second whorl; of setae beginning at

about the sixth segment. Beginning with the second from the

apical segment, and in the type on the next six segments, small

circular sense organs are found which are in line with the whorl

of primary setae. The number of sense organs found on the dif-

ferent segments starting with the third from the apical segment

on the right antenna is 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1; for the left antenna

2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. This is a variable character and even in mature

specimens these sense organs may be present on only five seg-

ments. The most constant feature is that they apparently always

start with the second segment from the apex. Only the 13 scuta

having the triangular processes are considered and these are re-

ferred to by numbers. In all cases the triangular processes are

prominent and their tips rounded. There is a comparatively slight

indication of the tips being produced into knobs. The number of

setae between the anterior lateral and the apical setae shows con-

siderable variation even in mature specimens. The variation in

the type and the range in variation expected to occur in the species

is shown in table 1. The number of marginal setae on the two

sides of the same scutum of the same individual may show some

variation. The anterior-lateral setae of the second scutum are

shorter than the processes. First pair of legs reduced to wart-

like structures, the remaining pairs well developed and sparsely

covered with setae. Tarsus on the last pair of legs about four

and one-half times as long as wide, its upper surface with eight

rather prominent setae about as long as the depth of the segment.

This character shows some slight variation as individuals with

seven or nine setae are encountered. Tibia of the last pair of legs

with four rather prominent setae on the upper surface (in the

holotype there are six) , their length equal to at least one-half

the depth of the segment. Claws very unequal, the anterior one

being twice the size of the posterior. Styli much reduced, cone-

shaped, densely covered with very short hairs, about twice as

long as their width at the base. Seven pairs of fully developed

coxal sacs are located at bases of fully developed legs from second

to eighth pairs inclusive. Cerci large, well covered with recurved

setae which are all about the same length, although there may

be one or two protruding setae which are slightly longer than the

rest. Striped organ only about as long as the apical setae. Length

of the cerci at least three times their greatest width. The holo-

type, which is not normally extended, measures 3.8 mm. Large,

normally extended individuals should measure 4 mm. to 4.8 mm.

Holotype, No. 4799, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., collected on a

stream bank in a silty loam near Moraga, Contra Costa County,

JANUARY, 1939]

MICHELBACHER— SYMPHYLA

California. Other specimens have been collected in several lo-

calities in Marin and Napa counties. It is possible that some of

the individuals collected in these latter localities may prove to be

new although no character has yet been found to separate them.

This species is adapted to a wide range of soils and has also

been taken in the sand hills at Point Reyes.

This species is rather closely related to Symphylella subter-

ranea but is easily separated from it by several good characters.

The tips of the triangular processes of the scuta are rounded

whereas in S. subterranea they are produced into knobs. Also,

fewer setae are found along the lateral margins of the scuta in

S. essigi. There are fewer setae on the upper surface of the

tarsus of the last pair of legs in S. subterranea than in S. essigi.

The peculiar circular sensory organs are present on the second

from the apical segment in S. essigi whereas in S. subterranea

they are found on the first from the apical segment and occur

on a larger number of segments toward the proximal end. In

S. subterranea the setae on the outer side of the cerci are long

and short whereas in 5. essigi they are nearly of the same length.

Table I

Number of Setae Found between the Anterior Lateral

Setae and the Apical Setae on the Scuta which

have Triangular Processes.

Symphylella

subterranea sp. n.

Symphylella

ossigi sp. n*.

Symphylella

capitata sp. n.

Scutum

Number of

Range in

Number of

Range in

Number of

Range in

number

setae*

the number

of setae**

setae*

the number

of setae**

setae*

the number

of setae**

7-7

6-7

5-6

4-6

5-4

4-7

12 - 11

9 - 12

8-8

7-8

8-9

6-9

7-7

5-7

4-5

4-6

5-5

4-5

8-7

6-8

6-5

4-6

6-6

5-7

13 - 13

9-13

9-9

8-9

9-9

6-9

9-8

6-9

5-5

5-6

5-5

4-6

9 - 10

7-10

6-5

4-6

6-5

5-7

10 - 12

9-12

8-7

7-9

8-9

7-9

7-6

5-7

5-4

4-6

4-4

4-5

9-7

6-9

6-5

4-6

? - 6

4-6

10 - 11

9-11

7-7

7-8

7-7

6-9

5-6

5-7

3-4

3-5

4-3

3-5

9-9

6-9

6-6

4-6

5-4

4-7

*The number of submarginal and marginal setas, between the anterior lateral

setae and the apical setae, and the variation observed on the two sides of the

same scutum in the type specimen.

** Range in the number of sub marginal and marginal setae between the

anterior lateral setae and the apical setae.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Fig. 1. Symphylella subterranea n. sp. la tip of antenna, x 80;

lb head, x 80; lc to le first three large scuta, x 95; If spinneret,

x 110; lg hind leg, x 100.

JANUARY, 1939]

MICHELBACHER— SYMPHYLA

iFig. 2. Symphylella essigi n. sp. 2a tip of antenna, x 80; 2b

head, x 80; 2c to 2e first three large scuta, x 95; 2f spinneret, x

105; 2g hind leg, x 95; 2h tibia of hind leg showing usual number

of sets, x 95.

Fig. 3. Symphylella capitata n. sp. 3a tip of antenna, x 130;

3b head, x 130; 3c to 3e, first three large scuta, x 140; 3f spin-

neret, x 140; 3g hind leg, x 135. Only marginal and submarginal

sets have been drawn on the scuta.

Symphylella capitata Michelbacher, n. sp.

Figures 3a to 3g

Head somewhat elongate, about 1.2 times as long as wide;

central rod (coronal suture) interrupted at about middle without

lateral branches; anterior branches (frontal sutures) prominent

but not as distinct as central rod; post-antennal organs of aver-

age size. Antennae of 17-22 segments (holotype 18 segments) ;

setse very prominent and rather long on basal segments but much

reduced on distal segments; setse on inner side of basal segments

slightly longer than those on outer side. Beginning with the

first from the apical segment and on the next ten segments in

the holotype, small circular sense organs are found which are in

line with the whorl of setse. On the first from the apical seg-

ment there are three organs and on the other segments one each.

The number of segments carrying these sense organs shows some

variation within the species, but in mature specimens they should

be found on at least 11 segments. In some cases the apical seg-

ment may carry a single sensory organ. This was found rather

commonly in specimens collected at Lagunitas, California. The

arrangement in one large specimen from that locality, which has

22 segments in the right antenna, is as follows, starting with the

apical segment: 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. The

number found on the two antennas of the same individual may

show some variation. Only the 13 scuta having the triangular

processes are considered and these are referred to by numbers.

In all cases the triangular processes are prominent and their tips

are produced into rounded knobs whose diameters are about one

and one-half times the width of their attachment. The number of

sets between the anterior-lateral and the apical sets shows con-

siderable variation even in mature specimens. The variation in

the holotype and the range in variation expected to occur in the

species is shown in table 1. Anterior-lateral sets of second scutum

about two-thirds as long as processes. First pair of legs reduced

to wart-like structures, the remaining pairs well developed and

sparsely covered with sets. Tarsus of the last pair of legs about

three and one-half times as long as wide, its upper surface with

six prominent sets which are as long as the greatest depth of the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

segment. Tibia of the last pair of legs with four prominent setse

on the upper surface which are at least as long as one-half the

width of the segment. Styli very much reduced, cone-shaped,

densely covered with very short hairs, about one and one-half times

as long as their width at the base. Seven pairs of fully developed

coxal sacs located at the bases of fully developed legs from second

to eighth pairs inclusive. Cerci large, well covered with setse;

setae on inner surface recurved and all of about the same length,

while those found on the outer surface are of two types — recurved

setse similar to those found on the inner surface, and much longer

straight setae. Striped organ about the length of the apical setae.

Length of cerci about three times their greatest width. Length

of holotype, 3 mm.

Holotype, No. 4800, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Tunnel Road

Canyon, Oakland, California, January 22, 1938. Specimens were

found abundant on canyon slope in first two inches of soil. This

species is rather widespread, having been taken on El Cerrito

Hill, El Cerrito, California, and in several localities in Marin

and Napa counties. Collections were made during the months

of January toi April inclusive, and individuals were found most

abundant in the first two inches of soil. Moist sedimentary soils

having a grass cover appeared to be localities best suited to the

species.

This species appears to be rather closely related to Sym-

phylella pusilla (Han.) but can easily be distinguished from that

species by its larger size and fewer antennal segments. Also in

S. pusilla there are fewer setae on the second scutum between

the anterior lateral and apical setae. The large rounded knobs

found on the tips of the triangular processes also tend to sep-

arate S. capitata from other members of the genus.

Personal Note

Owing to the rapid growth of the Department of Entomology

of the California Academy of Sciences it has become increasingly

difficult for me to keep up with that work and at the same time

to do justice to the editing of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. I

have, therefore, asked the Publication Committee to find some

one else to act as editor. They have now selected R. L. Usinger

as such editor, and correspondence regarding editorial matters

connected with this journal should be addressed to him, here

at the California Academy of Sciences. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JANUARY, 1939]

GUEDET — GEOMETRIDiE

GEOMETRID NOTES AND NEW SPECIES

BY EDWARD GUEDET

Napa, California

Racheospila tenuimargo Warren

This pretty little species, described Nov. Zool. XII, 319,

1905, is fairly common on the east coast of Mexico, and extends

south as far as Guiana. Two specimens taken by Mrs. Leslie

Forsythe at Florida City, south of Miami, Florida, are in my

collection. This should be of interest to those who like a record

of strays from other lands.

Stamnoctensis vernon Guedet, n. sp.

Primaries pointed at apex, light ochreous, irrorate with red-

dish brown, especially along the costa and outer margin. Costa

marked with three dark brown spots. The basal area dark, especi-

ally along the costa. First spot one-fourth from the base of the

wing, outwardly oblique. Second about the middle of the costa

and heavier and broader than the first, preceded by an indefinite,

broad, light, median shade, which crosses the costa at right angles

and is lost in the ground color. The third spot about three-quarters

out from the base of the wing, marking the beginning of brownish

subterminal line. Subterminal line angled inwardly on the sub-

costal vein, running thence outwardly and obliquely to vein V,

where it is sharply angled, and curving slightly inwardly, attains

the inner margin about two-thirds out from the base of the wing.

This line is followed by a light ochreous band. A horizontal dash

extends from this band toward the apex, where it separates into

two branches. In the subterminal area the veins are free of the

darker irrorations. Fringe checkered with reddish brown.

Secondaries light ochreous, with the markings of the under-

side showing through.

Primaries beneath marked much as above. The horizontal dash

in the subapical region showing more prominently on account of

the darker background. Secondaries beneath light ochreous, with a

reddish brown dash which is outwardly oblique at the center of

the costa. Median vein distinctly marked with reddish brown, with

a series of horizontal striations of reddish brown across the median

area.

The distinctive feature of this species is a heavy reddish brown

line which begins in the center of the subterminal area and runs

with a slight outward curve toward the center of the inner mar-

gin without reaching it. There is a lighter reddish brown shade

between this line and the outer margin.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

I propose for this species the name vernon after the type

locality.

Holotype, male, (No. 4779), Vernon, Apache County, Ari-

zona, July, 1936, and allotype, female (No. 4780), same data,

both in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California. Paratypes, two males and one female,

same data, in my collection; one male, same data, in collection

of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., one

male, Jemez Springs, New Mexico, June; one male, Jemez

Springs, no date; one male, Bent, New Mexico, no date; two

males, “New Mexico,” April 1, 8, all in my collection.

Philedia punctomacularia connecta Guedet, n. var.

Philedia punctomacularia Hulst was described (Ent. Amer.

Vol. Ill, page 214, 1888) from two males and two females

taken in California and Vancouver Island, B. C. The male type

is pictured in Holland’s Moth Book, plate 43, fig. 59. Dr. Har-

rison Dyar (Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. Vol. XVII, page 909, 1904)

tells us on the authority of Mr. Theodore Bryant that the food

plant is the common brake (Pteris ) . In the British Columbia

Check List (1927) it is listed as inhabiting Southern Vancouver

Island, Lower Frazer Valley and Kaslo.

On the primaries of the typical form, the ante-median line

is “marked by a short black streak on each vein” and there is a

post-median “row of black points on the veins nearly parallel

with the outer margin.” The secondaries have this post-median

row of black points.

A series of nine specimens from Carmel, California, have

these points connected so as to form diffuse bands. The ante-

median band of the primaries is light brown, broad, diffuse,

shading outwardly toward the center of the wing. The discal

spot is also light brown and diffuse. The post-median band on

both wings is broad, light brown, with the veins faintly marked

with minute, black points. The ground color is light brown,

rather than the typical blue gray. For this variety, which is

without a name, though present in many collections, I propose

the name connecta.

Holotype, male (No. 4781), Carmel, Nov. 5, 1925 (L. S.

Slevin), allotype, female (No. 4782), Carmel, Dec. 25, 1933

(L. S. Slevin), both in the collection of the California Academy

JANUARY, 1939]

GUEDET — GE0METRIDA3

of Sciences. Paratypes, male and female, same data, in my col-

lection, and in the collections of the California Academy of

Sciences and in the U. S. Natl. Mus., Washington, D. C.

Phengommataea olifata Gnedet, n. sp.

Expanse 35 mm. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen light

ochre-yellow. Primaries light ochre-yellow, crossed by a darker

yellow band. Basal area lightly shaded with brown. Inner edge

of the median band with a dark brown line, beginning on the

costa half way out, sweeping sharply outward around a diffuse,

linear, discal spot, then curving inward and going with a very

slight wave to inner margin about one-fifth from base. Inner side

of this line without the brownish shading of the basal area. Ex-

teriorly this line is heavily shaded with brown. A similar dark

brown line marks the outer edge of the median band. This line,

beginning on the costa 3 mm. from the apex, is slightly and evenly

sinuate and reaches the inner margin about 5 mm. from the anal

angle; it is bordered inwardly by a brownish shading and out-

wardly by an even band of the ochre-yellow ground color; be-

tween these two lines the wing is dark brownish yellow. Sub-

terminal area shaded with a dark ochre color, but not so dark as

the median area; median veins slightly shaded with brown.

Secondaries light yellow, their only maculation being a sinuate

post-median dark brown line, accented by dots on the veins. Sub-

terminal and terminal areas slightly darker.

Primaries beneath light yellow with a diffuse, brownish cloud

running from the base almost to the discal area in the upper half

of the wing; discal spot linear, a trifle less diffuse than above;

the dark yellow median band being very faintly reflected. Sec-

ondaries also light yellow, their only maculation being a row of

dots on the veins in the subterminal area parallel to the outer

margin. This row of spots does not correspond with the post-

median line on the upper side of the secondaries.

It gives me great pleasure to propose for this beautiful species

the name olifata , in honor of Reverend J. A. McAuliffe, of

San Francisco, through whose kindness and encouragement I

became interested in the study of Lepidoptera.

Holotype, male, No. 4783, Turkey Flat, Chiricahua Moun-

tains, Cochise County, Arizona, 9000 feet, July 22, 1927

(J. A. Kusche), allotype, female, No. 4784, same data, both

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Six

paratypes, male and female, same data, in my collection and

in the collection of the U. S. Natl. Mus., Washington, D. C.

and six paratypes, male and female, Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, 9800 feet, July 10-30, 1927,

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco.

Caripeta piniata suffusata Guedet, n. var.

Packard described piniata in the genus Parennomos (New

and Little Known Insects, Rept. Mass. Ag. page 247, 1870),

but in his Monograph, page 238, 1876, he sinks this as a

synonym of Caripeta angustiorata Walker. Strecker described

his seductaria in the genus Caripeta (Lep. Rhop. Het. Suppl.

II, page 9, 1899) . It is a synonym of piniata Pack. Holland

published a figure in his Moth Book, PI. 44, fig. 2, which he

called Caripeta angustiorata Walker. This was an error, as

was pointed out by Taylor (Can. Ent. Vol. 36, p. 245). Angus-

tiorata Walker is the species figured by Packard in his Mono-

graph, Plate 9, figure 52. Holland’s figure is a representation

of piniata Pack. ( seductaria Strecker) which is a good species,

as noted by Taylor, l.c., and by Barnes and McDunnough (Cont.

Lep. N.A., Vol. II, page 209, 1914).

In the typical form the primaries are “deep ochreous and

paler at the base.” Five specimens taken by Mr. J. A. Kusche,

in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, July,

1927, have much darker ochreous primaries; the strigations of

the typical form are present; there is a distinct, whitish, evenly

curved basal line; the antemedian area is the same shade as the

median area, and the white line which, in the typical form, marks

the boundary of 1 the basal area, is barely indicated by two splashes

of white in these specimens. The silvery, post-median line is radi-

cally different. In the typical form, “it curves inward just below

the median vein, and again slightly opposite the discal spot.”

In these specimens this line is angled outwardly on the subcostal

vein, running thence almost straight to the inner margin. Sec-

ondaries sparsely covered with darker irrorations, a trifle heavier

outwardly; dark discal spots distinct. Smoky post-median line

broad, broken and sinuate. Primaries beneath are much as in

the typical form. Secondaries with a linear dark-brown discal

spot; post-median line broad, heavy and dark brown but not

reaching the inner margin. I propose for this variety the name

suffusata.

Holotype, male, No. 4785, Rustler Park, Chiricahua Moun-

tains, Cochise County, Arizona, 9000 feet, July 15, 1927; allo-

type, female, No. 4786, Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains,

JANUARY, 1939]

GUEDET — GEOMETRIDiE

Cochise County, Arizona, 9-9800 feet, July 30, 1927. Paratypes,

one male, Turkey Flat, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County,

Arizona, 9000 feet, July 22, 1927, and one male and one female,

Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona,

9-9800 feet, July 30, 1927, all in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

Semiothisa kuschea Guedet, n. sp.

Expands 33 mm. Palpi moderate, rough-scaled. Antennae

of both sexes simple. Head white. Thorax creamy white, scaled.

Abdomen tufted at end, creamy white.

Primaries glistening, creamy white, crossed by four clay-brown

bands; the first, 1 mm. wide, runs obliquely from the discal, some-

times with a slight curve, to the inner margin which it reaches

about 2 mm. from the base; discal dot very minute, black; post-

median line about 1 mm. wide, running from the costa, about

2 mm. from the apex, with a slight in-curve to the inner margin

three-fifths out from the base; subterminal line beginning slend-

erly at apex, widening rapidly to about 1 mm., then running

almost straight to the inner margin near the anal angle. A thin

but very distinct line of the ground color separates this line from

the marginal line. Fringe creamy.

Secondaries of a lighter cream-color, with a small black discal

dot and sometimes with traces of a subterminal line showing on

the lower half of the wing. Fringe as on primaries.

Primaries beneath much as above; costa a bit more yellowish

and the subcostal area slightly irrorate with brown from the base

to beyond the discal line; lines of the upper surface distinctly

reproduced; discal dot somewhat obscure. Secondaries much as

above. The discal dot sharp, contrasting.

Holotype, male, No. 4787, Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains,

Cochise County, Arizona, July 18, 1927 (J. A. Kusche) ; allo-

type, female, No. 4788, Turkey Flat, Chiricahua Mountains,

Cochise County, Arizona, 8-9000 feet, July 22, 1927 (J. A.

Kusche). Paratypes, three males, Fly’s Peak, July 18; Turkey

Flat, July 22; Bar Foot Park, July 20; all in the Chiricahua

Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona (J. A. Kusche, collector) ,

and all in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco. Also two males, Fly’s Peak, July 30, 1927, and

July 29, 1927, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona,

in the collection of the author.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

Superficially this appears to be a large Euaspilates spina-

taria Packard (Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci., page 45, 1874 and

Geometrid Moths of N. A., page 204, 1876), but the male antennae

are simple, the dark lines of the primaries heavier, and, on close

comparison, it proves to be altogether different. It is possible

that this species is referred to by Strecker (Surv. Dept. Mo.,

Ruffner, 1878, Appendix, page 1863), where he speaks of two

examples (of spinataria Pack.) both of which had “the dark

lines of the primaries much heavier than represented in Pack-

ard’s figure.” It is difficult to believe that so good an ento-

mologist as Strecker would have passed over the difference in

the antennae. I am convinced that the present species has nothing

in common with spinataria Pack.

I propose for this species the name kuschea i after the col-

lector.

Vinemina perdita Guedet, n. sp.

Expands 37 mm. Palpi moderate, upturned, fuscous. An-

tennae bipectinate in male with simple apex; pectinations long,

arising from base of the segments, simple in the female. A large

fovea at base of the primaries. Front fuscous clay color. Thorax

gray, irrorate with black. Abdomen fuscous, ringed with white.

Primaries creamy white, heavily irrorate with black. Costa

marked with eight spots which are the beginnings of as many

irregular lines. First line very close to the base and sharply

toothed outwardly in the subcostal area, disappearing before

reaching the inner margin. Ante-median area with two almost

equidistant subparallel lines, the second of which is heavier than

the first and widens below the costa and at the inner margin;

these cross the wing in three uneven scallops with the points

directed inwardly. Median line heavy, crossing the wing in three

scallops with the points directed outwardly. Space between the

ante-median and the median lines less heavily irrorate with black

in some specimens, giving this portion of the wing a slightly

lighter appearance. Wing beyond the median line shaded with

heavier irr orations which cloud the discal spot in some specimens.

Post-median line composed of many small zigzag dashes; not

parallel with the outer margin but approaching the median line

on vein lb, then sharply diverging to the inner margin. Sub-

terminal line sinuate, composed of disconnected black spots. A

dark shade opposite the discal area runs almost to the outer

margin and is cut by a faint line of the ground color which fol-

JANUARY, 1939]

GUEDET — GE0METRIDA3

lows the sinuate, subterminal line. Marginal line composed of

triangular black spots on the veins. Fringe checkered white

and brown.

Secondaries creamy white, evenly irrorate with brown, the

discal spot brown. The only other maculation is a subterminal

line of diffuse brown spots, parallel to the outer margin, and a

marginal row of blackish spots more or less connected.

Primaries beneath suffused with dark brown, giving them the

color of the secondaries above; maculation of the upper surface

faintly reflected. Secondaries much as above.

Holotype, male, No. 4796, Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains,

Cochise County, Arizona, 8-9000 feet, July 30, 1927 (J. A.

Kusche) ; allotype, female, No. 4797, Chiricahua Mountains,

Cochise County, Arizona, 8500 feet, August 6, 1927 (J. A.

Kusche) . Paratypes, 10 males and 3 females, Bar Foot Park,

Fly’s Peak and Turkey Flat, all in the Chiricahua Mountains,

Cochi se County, Arizona, July 27 to August 2, 1927, in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San Fran-

cisco. Also two males and two females, Fly’s Peak and Turkey

Flat, July 3 to August 6, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County,

Arizona, in author’s collection, and two specimens sent from

the same series three years ago to J. McDunnough and now in

the Canadian National Museum at Ottawa, Canada.

I am indebted to Mr. J. McDunnough for the generic

reference.

History of Beekeeping

History of American Beekeeping, by Frank C. Pellett, First edi-

tion. 213 pages, illustrated. 1938. Collegiate Press, Inc.,

Ames, Iowa. Cloth bound, $2.50.

In the pages of this book the author has traced in an inter-

esting manner the important events in the early history of Ameri-

can beekeeping, from the time of the first importations of bees

into this country until well into the present decade. The devel-

opment of beekeeping in America has very closely paralleled

the improvements, inventions of equipments and the perfection

of their use in relation to bee behavior. The dates and men

connected with these historical events are gathered together in

a manner that will delight the student or teacher of the Ameri-

can system of beekeeping. Two chapters are devoted to Amer-

ican periodicals and books on beekeeping and another on bee-

keeping societies and conventions. — J. E. Eckert, Davis, Calif.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

THE APHID GENUS KAKIMIA IN CALIFORNIA

BY W. W. SAMPSON

University of California

Genus Kakimia Hottes and Frison

Kakimia, Hottes and Frison, 1931, 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.,

XIX: 344 (Subgenus ) .

Kakimia, Gillette and Palmer, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am.,

XXVII: 159.

Vertex convex with frontal tubercles small, hardly exceeding

the vertex, aphis-like; antennae with six segments, at least as

long as body, with secondary sensoria subcircular and tubercu-

late; hairs usually capitate, and equal in length to diameter of

the member bearing them; cornicles subvasiform to cylindrical;

cauda medium sized, slightly constricted, sometimes tapering,

aphis-like; lateral tubercles present; media twice-branched in the

fore-wings; media and cubitus present in hind- wings.

Genotype Myzus thomasi Hottes and Frison.

Key to the California Species

1. Cornicles dusky 2

-. Cornicles pale 4

2.. No sensoria on third antennal segment of apters Q....mimulicola

-. Sensoria on third antennal segment of apterse 3

3. Unguis longer than third antennal segment cynosbati

-■ Unguis shorter than third antennal segment ribifolii

4. Legs pale; abdomen of alatse with irregular markings on

dorsum essigi

-. Legs with at least tips dark; abdomen of alatse with few

markings on dorsum castelleise, n. sp.

Kakimia castelleise Sampson, new species

Alate viviparous female: Somewhat small, not robust, of

yellowish green color; abdomen of uniform light green color,

cornicles, cauda, and anal plate of lighter color; antennse slightly

dusky, tarsi and tip of tibise darker; antennse longer than body,

sparsely to moderately haired; combined length of thorax and

abdomen equal to that of the tibise of the hind legs; tibiae of all

legs hairy toward the apices, rest of the leg-parts only slightly

so. Abdominal tubercles present.

Average length of body: 1.87 mm.; width, .78 mm. Average

lengths of antennal segments: I, .085 mm.; II, .064 mm.; Ill, .61

mm.; IV, .30 mm.; V, .29 mm.; VI, base, .1 mm., unguis, .71 mm.,

total, .81 mm. Length of cornicles: .16 mm.; of cauda, .19 mm.; of

rostrum, .60 mm., reaching just to posterior edge of second pair

of coxse; from 27 to 36 secondary sensoria on third antennal seg-

ment, with an average of 30; on fourth antennal segment, 8 to

JANUARY, 1939] SAMPSON— APHID GENUS KAKIMIA

16, with an average of 10; on segment five, 0 to 2, with an aver-

age of one. Length of fore-wings: 2.7 mm.; of hind-wings, 1.5 mm.

Apterous viviparous female: More robust than alate form,

body a light yellow green; top of abdomen sometimes with bands

of light brown. Antennae dusky from tips of fourth antennal

segment outward. Cornicles duskier than in alate forms. Tarsi

and tips of tibiae dark. Rostrum reaches to middle of third pair

of coxae.

Length of body: 1.98 mm.; width, 1.00 mm. Average length

of antennal segments: I, .085 mm.; II, .069 mm.; Ill, .50 mm.;

IV, .22 mm.; V, .69 mm.; VI, base, .085 mm., unguis, .60 mm.,

total, .685 mm. Length of cornicles, .19 mm.; of cauda, .17 mm.;

of rostrum, .50 mm. From 17 to 25 secondary sensoria on antennal

III, with an average of 20; on antennal IV, 0 to 5, with, an aver-

age of one; there are no sensoria on antennal V.

There seems to be very little Variation in size or color. In

the antennae of both forms the lengths closely approach the

averages given above.

This species seems to be close to K. thomasi H. and F., dif-

fering in the lengths of the unguis in relation to the length of

the third antennal segment, as well as in the number of sensoria

on the segments; very few markings are present on the apterous

forms of the new species, while there are many on those of K.

thomasi ; the host plants of the two differ also. It also comes

near K. cynosbati (Ofest.), the latter having the tips of the legs

pale, and bands on the dorsum; there are no sensoria on antennal

segments four and five.

This species is described from eight slides of specimens

which were collected at Point Reyes Peninsula, Marin County,

California, April 13, 1936, by Professor E. 0. Essig, E. W.

Baker, and the author, on Castelleia neglecta.

Holotype, collected by the author at the location cited, in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences (type No.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

4616). Paratypes, collected by E. 0. Essig, E. W. Baker, and

the author, in the collections of these persons.

Kakimia cynosbati (Oest.)

Oestland, 1887, Minn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. IV : 81.

Swain, 1919, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 111:75.

Gillette and Palmer, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXVII: 162.

This species is seldom taken; the apparently last collection

was by Paul S. Bartholomew, December 22, 1932, on the campus

of Stanford University. As identified by Professor Essig, there

was one alate and one apterous form.

Kakimia essigi (Gillette and Palmer)

Essig, 1917, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 1:314, ( Myzus aquilegise) .

Swain, 1919, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 111:73, ( Myzus aquilegise) .

Gillette and Palmer, 1929, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXII: 30.

Gillette and Palmer, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXVII: 163.

This species is rather common throughout the state on Aqui-

legia, especially in the spring and summer.

Kakimia mimulicola Drews and Sampson

Drews and Sampson, 1937, Pomona Journal Zool. and Ent.,

XXIX :29.

This aphid was first taken in Marin County. It has since

been taken in Berkeley, California, by Essig (Oct. 4, 1937),

and Sampson (Oct. 6, 1937) ; the latter also took it at Half

Moon Bay (Jan. 16, 1938).

Kakimia ribifolii (Dvdn.) (new combination)

Davidson, 1917, Journal Econ. Ent., X;294, {Myzus).

Swain, 1919, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 111:76, {Myzus).

Examination of this species, which was taken in fair num-

bers on Ribes glutinosum, on Strawberry Creek, University of

California, during April and May of 1937, has convinced the

writer that the species belongs in this genus rather than in Myzus.

Kakimia houghtonensis (Troop)

Troop, 1906, Ent. News, XVII: 59, {Aphis).

Swain, 1919, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 111:107, {Aphis).

Gillette and Palmer, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXVII: 164.

This species has never been found since the provisional identi-

fication by Davidson of an Aphis as this species. It was found

on currant, and is mentioned here in hope that it will again be

found and reported.

JANUARY, 1939]

ROSS— SAPRINUS

A NEW SUBGENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN SAPRINUS

(Coleoptera, Histeridse)

BY EDWARD S. ROSS

University of California, Berkeley

This new division as defined below is proposed for a rather

closely related group of species of Saprinus which differ abruptly

from other members of the genus by characters deemed of suffi-

cient importance to place the group in a more significant position

than any of the group divisions of Saprinus adopted by Horn

in 1873. Two of the species included in the new division, opacus

Horn and carinifer Fall, have previously been assigned to groups

of Saprinus, the former to group II and the latter to an inter-

mediate position between groups I and II. Two additional

species are herein described.

Eremosaprinus Ross, new subgenus

Very broadly oval, moderately convex, sides of pronotum and

elytra continuously arcuate. Head with front unmargined, supra-

orbital strise very feeble; vertex, clypeus, labrum and mandibles

rugoso-punctate, clypeus shallowly impressed. Pronotum nearly

twice as wide as long; sides strongly convergent, only feebly

arcuate laterally, abruptly rounded at apical angles; frontal

emargination broad, shallow; basal margins nearly straight, con-

verging at scutellum in a sharply defined broad obtuse angle;

surface punctate throughout, strongly longitudinally rugulose in

lateral third. Elytra subevenly punctate throughout; disc striate,

strise finely carinate along outer edges, more strongly so basally;

fourth dorsal stria arched at base and joining the sutural stria

which may be obsolete basally in some species. Propygidium not

prominent. Pygidium large, equilaterally triangulate, nearly flat

in basal two-thirds, abruptly convex apically; evenly but not

strongly punctate. Prosternum elevated, surface broad, nearly

flat, moderately sloping forward, sides vertical; inner pair of

strise horizontal, sinuate, arcuately converging apically and in

some species meeting; strise definitely limit the flat face of the

prosternum; outer pair of strise on vertical sides obsolete. Pro-

tibise broad, thin; four- to seven-denticulate. Tarsal claws long

and slender, feebly curved, subequal, fused in some species.

Type: Saprinus (Eremosaprinus) unguiculatus Ross, n. sp.

The species in this division have the general facies of certain

members of Saprinus s. str., but aside from this superficial

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

resemblance bear no close relationship. In the form of the

prosternum there is an approach to that found in the genus

Gnathoncus, differing, however, in not being sharply narrowed

anteriorly and in sloping forward rather than toward the meso-

sternum.

The subgenus consists of four species which form a very

homogeneous group. These species are apparently confined to

Lower California and the arid regions of Southern California

and are very rare in collections.

Key to Species of Eremosaprinus

A. Surface smooth or only faintly alutaceous, shining; sutural

striae of elytra entire, strong.

B. Inner subhumeral striae of elytra obsolete, first dorsal

striae deeply impressed; prosternal striae joining ante-

riorly (1) unguiculatus

BB. Inner subhumeral striae of elytra present, entire, first

dorsal striae only moderately impressed; prosternal striae

interrupted anteriorly, tips terminating in small foveae

(2) falli

AA. Surface strongly alutaceous, dull; sutural striae of elytra

obsolete basally.

B. Prosternal striae united apically (4) opacus

BB. Prosternal striae interrupted apically (3) carinifer

(1) Saprinus (Eremosaprinus) unguiculatus Ross, new species

Very broadly oval, convex, black, surface shining, partially

and faintly alutaceous; legs dark rufous. Head finely rugose-

punctate; front with a distinct shallow impression. Pronotum

slightly less than twice as wide as long, sides converging, rounded

slightly at base, more strongly so at apical angles; punctures fine,

sparse medially, gradually becoming denser and more elongate

laterally, finally longitudinally rugulose along sides; hypomera

very finely and sparsely pubescent. Elytra one-third wider at

basal fourth than sutural length; surface subevenly sparsely

punctate, punctures almost obsolete outside of first dorsal strise,

denser at apical third; dorsal strise raised, more strongly so

basally, almost unimpressed except for the entire first dorsal

which is deeply grooved; marginal stria fine, almost obsolete

medially; external subhumeral short, basal, deeply impressed,

present in basal third; internal subhumeral entirely obsolete; ob-

lique humeral moderately impressed, present in basal third, sub-

parallel to first dorsal; second dorsal somewhat shorter than first,

hooked inward at base; third dorsal equal in length to second,

JANUARY, 1939]

ROSS— SAPRINUS

sharply arched at base and joining arch of fourth dorsal; fourth

dorsal stria abbreviated half way toward apex, broadly arched at

base and joining sutural stria which is entire. Pygidium aluta-

ceous, median punctures sparse, indistinct, closer and more dis-

tinct laterally and apically. Prosternum with striae only feebly

sinuate, joined anteriorly in an abrupt arch. Protibiae five- dent-

iculate. Tarsal claws of all legs long, slender, subequal, fused,

appearing as a single claw, three-fourths length of terminal tarsal

segment. Length 3 mm., width 2.75 mm.

Holotype, female (No. 4777, Mus., Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. )

(Blaisdell Collection) and three female paratypes all from La

Puerta, San Diego County, California, collected by Mr. G. H.

Field. Two paratypes are deposited in the Museum of the San

Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California, and one

in the collection of the writer.

This species is peculiar in having its tarsal claws fused,

whereas they are separate in the other known species of the sub-

genus. The complete absence of the inner humeral striae of the

elytra and the deeply grooved first dorsal striae are additional

features peculiar to this species. Very little variation is exhibited

by the four specimens at hand.

(2) Saprinus (Eremosaprinus) falli Ross, new species

Very broadly oval, convex, color dark ferrugineous*, surface

shining, not alutaceous. Head rugoso-punctate in front, punctures

more distinct at vertex; front with a distinct shallow impression.

Pronotum almost twice as wide at base as long, sides convergent,

straight, evenly rounded apically, surface finely, sparsely punc-

tate baso-medially, punctures becoming longer and more elongate

medio-laterally, longitudinally rugulose at sides; hypomera finely,

sparsely pubescent, hairs not visible from above. Elytra one-third

wider at basal fourth than the sutural length, surface subevenly

sparsely punctate, sparser at sides and denser in apical third;

dorsal strige very lightly impressed; marginal strige fine, entire;

outer subhumeral deep, short, basal; inner subhumeral fine, entire,

abbreviated slightly at apex; oblique humeral distinct, extending

one-third of elytral length, not joining first dorsal at base; first

dorsal entire, moderately impressed; second and third subequal,

terminating at apical fourth of elytra, strongly hooked inward at

base, hook of third dorsal not quite joining arch of fourth dorsal;

fourth dorsal slightly shorter than last two strige, sharply sub-

♦Light color probably due to immaturity.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

angulately arched at base and uniting with the entire sutural

stria. Pygidium moderately punctate, punctures somewhat finer

and denser at sides and apex. Prosternum broad, short; striae

moderately sinuate, not uniting anteriorly but terminating in small

but distinct widely separate foveae; surface minutely sparsely

punctate. Anterior tibiae broad, thin, four-dentate. Tarsal claws

long, slender, two-thirds length of terminal tarsal segment, not

fused; outer claw three-fourths length of the inner. Length 3.25

mm., width 3 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 4778, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) from

Kings County, California, April, 1933.

The anterior foveae of the prostemum are not present in the

other species of the subgenus, the dorsal striae of the elytra are

also peculiar, being longer and more parallel than in any of the

other species.

This interesting species is named for Dr. H. C. Fall, who has

contributed much to the increase of our knowledge of North

American Histeridae.

(3) Saprinus (Eremosaprinus) carinifer Fall

Saprinus carinifer Fall, 1917, Can. Ent. 49:167.

The original description adequately describes this species.

The following notes kindly made for me from the type specimen

by Dr. Fall are desirable additions however:

Prosternum with striae “sensibly less” widely separated at

middle than at base; interrupted anteriorly but “without trace of

small foveae.” “Tarsal claws slender, completely free and about

two-thirds or three-fourths as long as the last tarsal joint.”

This species was collected by Mr. G. H. Field, as was ungui-

culatus, in the mountains on the western border of the Colo-

rado Desert in California, perhaps not far from La Puerta. In

spite of their being from the same general locality, the two

species are very distinct, unguiculatus being immediately separ-

able by its shining surface, the absence of inner humeral striae

and by the long fused tarsal claws.

(4) Saprinus (Eremosaprinus) opacus Horn

Saprinus opacus Horn, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) 4:364.

The following summary of characters of this species was made

JANUARY, 1939]

ROSS— SAPRINUS

by the writer from the type specimen in the museum of the

California Academy of Sciences (Type No. 15).

Broadly oval; surface dull, finely, evenly alutaceous through-

out. Discal area of pronotum finely, evenly punctate, punctures

separated by interspaces three times width of punctures; lateral

rugulose areas extending well up toward discal area, but decreas-

ing in strength. Elytra strongly punctate, abruptly finer along

suture within confines of fourth dorsal ; outer marginal stria

strong, entire; outer humeral stria oblique, joining outer mar-

ginal at base and extending apically one-fourth elytral length;

inner humeral stria fine, subentire, abbreviated near apex; oblique

humeral stria very faint, barely traceable by a weak impression;

dorsal stria not hooked inward basally; first three stria carinate,

first and second subequal in length extending nearly to apex, third

shorter extending to apical fourth ; fourth dorsal stria and sutural

stria much finer than other dorsals, the fourth terminating slightly

within apical half and arching basally, sutural stria obsolete in

basal half. Pygidium strongly, closely, evenly punctate, punc-

tures unevenly quadrate in shape. Prosternum somewhat de-

pressed; strke sinuous, meeting apically; anteriorly deeply un-

evenly impressed. Legs dark rufous; protibise seven-denticulate;

tarsal claws long, slender, separate, three-fourths length of ter-

minal tarsal segment. Length: 3.5 mm.

Described by Horn from a single example collected at San

Jose del Cabo, Lower California.

The writer, who recently collected throughout Lower Cali-

fornia, was unsuccessful in an attempt to secure additional speci-

mens of this species while at San Jose del Cabo during July of

1938.

Carinifer and opacus are apparently very closely related, if

not identical. The difference in the apical condition of the pro-

sternal striae, as indicated in the key and the descriptions, seems

to be the most reliable point for separating the two.

The writer wishes to express thanks to Dr. H. C. Fall for his

useful notes concerning the type of carinifer, to Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee for granting permission to study the type of opacus de-

posited in the California Academy of Sciences, to Dr. F. E.

Blaisdell for material loaned from his collection, and to Clinton

G. Abbot and Ian Moore for a loan of three specimens of un-

guiculatus from the Field Collection in the Museum of the San

Diego Society of Natural History.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 1

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

H. M. Armitage

V ice-President

E. G. Linsley

President

Proceedings

P. C. Ting

Secretary

One Hundred and Forty-sixth Meeting, December 6, 1936.

Meeting held at 2:00 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California,

with President C. D. Duncan in the chair. Members present:

C. D. Duncan, R. L. Usinger, E. G. Linsley, L. W. Saylor, B. D.

White, J. E. Elsea, M. A. Cazier, M. A. Embury, W. Hovanitz,

W. M. Upholt, G. F. Ferris, J. B. Steinweden, J. R. Clark, E. R.

Leach, C. D. Michener, P. DeBach, A. E. Michelbacher, D. DeLeon,

J. L. Gressitt, J. C. von Bloeker, A. R. Mead, G. R. Struble, F. E.

Blaisdell, J. 0. Martin, E. C. Van Dyke, and E. P. Van Duzee. Visi-

tors present: C. Atkins, Mrs. H. E. Peterson, Phyllis Brown, Feme

Haut, R. G. Pisano, W. Robinson, Elizabeth Turner, Dorothy

Curry, R. C. Dickson, T. Aitken, D. D. Jensen, Pauline Schulthess,

R. L. Kitchell, Miss I. Fraser, Miss D. Markwad, W. Lester, G. R.

Ferguson, W. C. Reeves, D. P. Furman, and S. F. Light.

The Society unanimously elected to membership Dr. Florence

M. Frost, Mr. George R. Ferguson, Mr. Dilworth D. Jensen, Mr.

Deane P. Furman, Mr. Rocci G. Pisano, Miss Isabelle Fraser, Miss

Feme Haut, Miss Phyllis Brown, Mr. Will Lester, Jr., Mr. Wil-

liam C. Reeves, Mr. R. C. Dickson, Mr. Wilbert Robinson, and

Mr. Clifford Atkins.

Mr. E. G. Linsley exhibited a box of Andrena and discussed

some of the ecological and taxonomic problems involved in the

study of this group of bees. He mentioned that nearly a thousand

names had been applied to North American members of the genus

but that many of the species had been very inadequately de-

scribed. Their study is further complicated by great sexual

dimorphism and difficulties in associating the sexes, many of

which have been described as distinct species. Mr.. Linsley esti-

mated that at least five hundred species of Andrena occur in

California, attributing the cause for such great speciation to the

fact that most of the species are oligotropic and gather pollen

from only a few, closely related species of plants.

Mr. Usinger commented upon some of the taxonomic problems

involved in a study of the genus Triatoma and exhibited a box

of significant species. He emphasized the fact that due to the

importance of many of the species as vectors of trypanosomes,

several of them had been originally described by medical men.

Since the prime object of these men was to make available a

name that could be utilized in medical literature, the species were

rarely adequately described and often unrecognizable from the

descriptions.

JANUARY, 1939]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

Mr. Upholt presented some data on the distribution of May-

flies and pointed out that many of our California species occur

throughout a much greater area than has generally been believed.

Dr. Duncan then presented Dr. S. F. Light of the Department

of Zoology, University of California, who addressed the Society

on the origin of the termite caste and the mechanism of caste

determination. Dr. Light’s data, mostly gained from a study of

the ontogeny of a termite colony, will be published elsewhere.

After a general discussion of Dr. Light’s paper the meeting

was adjourned. — E. G. Linscley, Secretary.

One Hundred and Forty-Seventh Meeting, March 6, 1937.

Meeting held at 2:00 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: C. D. Duncan, E. G. Linsley, E. C. Van Dyke,

E. P. Van Duzee, J. R. Clark, R. C. Dickson, M. A. Embury, A. R.

Mead, C. D. Michener, I. Frazer, C. H. Atkins, P. Brown, F. Haut,

W. H. Lange, Jr., W. M. Upholt, J. O. Martin, A. E. Michelbacher,

G. E. Bohart, R. M. Bohart, P. C. Ting, J. B. Steinweden, G. F.

Ferris, G. R. Wilson, D. D. Jensen, L. W. Saylor, W. C. Reeves,

W. P. Furman, G. R. Ferguson, P. DeBach, J. L. Gressitt, G. R.

Struble, D. DeLeon, F. E. Blaisdell, A. T. McClay, H. E. Burke,

W. Hovanitz. Visitors present: E. B. Babcock, P. H. Timberlake,

S. F. Light, P. S. Lange, G. Prole, 0. Hartman, W. F. Boyer,

R. E. Hackley, R. P. Allen, G. S. Hensill, G. Vargas, G. Kaloostian,

and H. C. Donohoe.

The following were unanimously elected to membership in the

Society: Dr. S. F. Light, Mr. P. H. Timberlake, Mr. Bryce Boyer,

Mr. Glenn Vargas, Mr. R. E. Hackley, and Mr. George Prole.

Dr. Blaisdell exhibited a number of drawings of melyrid and

tenebrionid beetles and stated that the lateral tergal processes of

tenebrionid pupae offer good characters for the separation of

genera.

Dr. Duncan then announced that the subject for discussion for

the afternoon program was “The Species Concept,” and introduced

the first speaker, Dr. E. B. Babcock of the Department of Genet-

ics, University of California. Dr. Babcock affirmed that species

actually exist in nature and pointed out that a species could be

defined on the basis of the following five points: (1) resemblances

between individuals composing the species (these resemblances

being morphological, physiological, ecological, cytological, etc.) ;

(2) similar heredity (their nuclei carry the same genes) ;

(3) constancy of characters within certain ranges (involving

stability) ; (4) common descent (evolutionary aspect) ; and (5)

syngamy (or complete fertility and free intercrossing of individ-

uals). To these five points Dr. Babcock added two additional

ones: (1) Absence of free intercrossing with other species and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

low fertility or sterility in hybrid progeny, and (2) formation

of intra-specific groups (subspecies, races, etc.). Dr. Babcock also

emphasized that an important practical aspect of the species

question was “recognition” and that this could be based on mor-

phological features, physiological features, geographical distribu-

tion, cytology, etc., and pointed out that a study of hybrids as-

sisted greatly in the study of species.

Dr. Babcock was followed by Dr. Ferris. He remarked that to

some few men a species was merely a name on a pin. To the

points raised by Dr. Babcock, Dr. Ferris added the importance

of morphology in the stability of species, since many genetically

compatible forms may be prevented from crossing due to dis-

crepancies in the structure of their sexual organs. He likewise

pointed out that crossing may be prevented by physiological or

psychological incompatibility. Dr. Ferris defined species as popu-

lations of a continuous interlinking complex.

After a general discussion of the subject by the members of

the Society, the meeting was adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary.

One Hundred and Forty-eighth Meeting, April 17, 1937.

Annual field meeting, held at 10:00 a. m. in Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California. Members present: E. P. Van Duzee,

G. F. Prole, Will Lester, Jr., J. Reitzel, R. L. Usinger, G. F. Ferris,

and H. E. Burke. One-half of the group devoted its time to study-

ing scale insects in the park, the other half to collecting in the

sand dune area near the ocean. — R. L. Usinger, Secretary pro

tem.

One Hundred and Forty-ninth Meeting, September 11, 1937.

Meeting held at 2:00' p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: C. D. Duncan, E. G. Linsley, W. H. Lange, Jr.,

J. O. Martin, J. L. Gressitt, C. D. Michener, G. E. Bohart, E. O.

Essig, A. E. Michelbacher, H. E. Burke, R. E Hackley, R. L.

Usinger, S. F. Bailey, M. A. Stewart, A. R. Mead, E. C. Van

Dyke, R. G. Pisano, M. A. Embury, B. E. White, E. L. Kessell,

P. DeBach, W. M. Upholt, R. C. Dickson, E. S. Ross, W. C.

Reeves, G. F. Ferris, and E. P. Van Duzee. Visitors present:

Mrs. W. H. Lange, Jr., Mrs. F. Parker, N. W. Frazier, B. R.

Bartlett, J. J. DuBois, A. D. Cameron, K. Hagen, W. Barr, J. A.

Downes, T. Aitken, K. L. Maehler, B. G. Gisla, and W. V. Pelle.

The Society unanimously elected to membership the following:

Mr. Kenneth L. Maehler, Mr. J. J. DuBois, Mr. Benedict G. Gisla,

Mr. Walter V. Pelle, Mr. B. R. Bartlett, and Mr. Alan D. Cam-

eron.

The nominating committee (Dr. Michelbacher, Mr. Van Duzee,

and Dr. Van Dyke, chairman) recommended that the present offi-

JANUARY, 1939]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

cers be retained for the coming year. The Society voted accord-

ingly and re-elected Dr. C. D. Duncan, president; Mr. R. L.

Usinger, vice-president, and Mr. E. G. Linsley, secretary.

Mr. Usinger exhibited an interesting bat parasite of the fam-

ily Polyctenidse (Hemiptera) . The specimen represented the sec-

ond U. S. capture of a member of this exceedingly rare group of

insects.

Mr. Linsley exhibited stylopized females of Andrena porterse

Cockerell, one of which showed a partial reversal of secondary sex

characters. This specimen was of special interest because it pre-

sented characters of a male Andrena, which had been described as

a distinct species (leptanthi Vier. and Ckll.), but had been re-

cently suspected of being the male of A. porterse.

Mr. Linsley also exhibited a member of the scarab genus

Pleocoma which had been collected in Seward,, Alaska, by the late

Mr. J. A. Kusche. This example extends the known range of this

wingless group by more than one thousand miles.

Mr. Van Duzee announced the purchase by the Academy of the

Fenyes collection of Coleoptera. He reported that the collection

was rich in exotic material, particularly from Mexico. The por-

tion of the collection devoted to Aleocharinae is composed of more

than 1800 species.

Dr. Duncan exhibited photographs of the embryo of Smerin-

thus, and of a termite colony. The last was remarkable in show-

ing reciprocal feeding, grooming, various castes, eating of dead,

feeding on wood, immature soldiers, etc., in a single photograph.

Dr. Duncan also discussed the Death Valley Nature School con-

ducted by San Jose State College during the summer. He said

that observations suggested that in a small pool about 75 feet in

diameter on the floor of Death Valley, there were at least half a

million insects. Similar observations on a tumbling stream in

the San Jacinto Mountains, resulted in estimates of twenty -three

million aquatic insects to a mile of stream.

Dr. Duncan then introduced Prof. Essig, who had just re-

turned from abroad, and who spoke upon some observations on

European entomology. Prof. Essig first went to Cambridge,

which served as his headquarters for much of his visit. He de-

scribed his participation in an ecological survey of Wicken Fen,

where he was much interested in the wide variety of equipment

carried by collectors. During his stay in England, Prof. Essig

attended meetings of the Linnean Society, the Royal Entomologi-

cal Society, and the Zoological Society of London. Prof. Essig

discussed the work of the various British and continental uni-

versities, and closed his talk with a word of appreciation for the

fine spirit of cooperation and friendliness which was shown to him

by entomologists everywhere that he had traveled. — E. G. Lin-

siley, Secretary.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 1

One Hundred and Fiftieth Meeting, December 4, 1937.

Meeting held at 2:00 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: C. D. Duncan, E. G. Linsley, E. C. Van Dyke,

J. 0. Martin, G. F. Ferris, A. E. Michelbacher, E. 0. Essig, F. E.

Blaisdell, A. R. Mead, R. L. Usinger, R. E. Hackley, H. E. Burke,

E. P. Van Duzee, R. C. Dickson, W. Lester, E. R. Leach, M. A.

Cazier, and Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Atkins. Visitors present: L. A.

Brubaker, D. Hackley, K. Sinclair, R. K. Goodline, T. Aitken,

H. J. Rainwater, J. A. Downes, J. R. Douglas, M. F. Blair, J. W.

Tilden, B. E. Rees, M. J. Vogel, G. Mansfield, K. D. Snyder, J. S.

Yuill, J. E. Patterson, R. B. Foley, and P. Brown.

The following were unanimously elected to membership in the

Society: Mr. Thomas G. Aitken, Mr. J. A. Downes, Mr. Karl D.

Snyder, Mr. Millard F. Blair, and Mr. Marcel J. Vogel.

Mr. Usinger reported that the Historical Committee had pub-

lished a statement in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist concerning

the purpose and activities in connection with the accumulation

and preservation of materials of historical interest to entomology.

Prof. Essig announced that vacancies in the Publication Com-

mittee required a reorganization of the group. He proposed that

a business manager be added to the permanent staff of the journal

and that in addition to the editor, associate editor, treasurer, and

business manager, the committee be composed of nine rotating

members, each to serve for a period of three years with freedom

of re-election. The reorganized committee proposed by Prof.

Essig, including the present membership, was as follows:

E. P. Van Duzee, editor; E. C. Van Dyke, associate editor;

E. R. Leach, treasurer; R. L. Usinger, business manager. Rotating

members: F. E. Blaisdell, G. F. Ferris, and E. 0. Essig, to serve

through 1938, E. G. Linsley, F. X. Williams, and S. F. Bailey,

to serve through 1939, and C. D. Duncan, J. A. Comstock, and

H. H. Keifer, to serve through 1940. The report was accepted

by the Society and the new members unanimously elected.

Dr. Duncan then introduced the speaker of the day, Mr. Lester

A. Brubaker, of San Jose State College, who spoke upon the

subject of insect photography. Mr. Brubaker spoke of his early

interest in pictorial photography and its gradual change to an

interest in the photography of insects. He dismissed various

methods which he had developed for special problems encountered

in this field. Of special interest was a frame and mirror attach-

ment to the camera which throws light directly on the insect, and

the use of water cells for photographing aquatics. Mr. Brubaker

showed numerous lantern slides of insects in various habitats,

including a particularly fine series of the mourning cloak but-

terfly.

Following a discussion of Mr. Brubaker’s remarks, the meet-

ing was adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary.

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BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

By W. G. Wright, 1907

Bound volumes of the thirty-two beautiful colored plates of this

work, of which a large proportion of the complete books burned in

the great San Francisco fire, may be obtained from the curator of

entomology. Explanations of each plate and an index make this a

very convenient handbook for field identification of West Coast

butterflies. Price $2.50.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages,

including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the

treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the

early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip-

tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs,

Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van

Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the

Society’s Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes

1 and 2 as above, $5.00.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Complete sets are still available at no increase in price. Volumes

1 to 14, 1924 to date, $28.00. Single copies are priced at 50 cents.

A few papers from early volumes are available separately. Price

sent upon application.

Vol. XV

April, 1939

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

JAMES, THE SPECIES OF EUPARYPHUS RELATED

TO CROTCHII O. S 49

ZIMMERMAN, A NEW FIJIAN OROCHLESIS 57

COCKERELL, BEES RELATED TO DIADASIA

AUSTRALIS CRESSON 59

HOPPING, NEW SPECIES OF MALACHIUS FROM CALIFORNIA 61

CHAMBERLIN, FOUR NEW CENTIPEDS OF THE GENUS CRYPTOPS 63

VAN DUZEE, ON THE STANDING OF THE GENUS LIBURNIA STAL 66

WHITE, A NEW CALIFORNIA ACMiEODERA WITH

BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON OTHERS 69

BOHART, TYPICAL SUBGENUS ODYNERUS IN NORTH AMERICA 76

CAZIER, NOTES ON SCHIZOPUS WITH A KEY TO SPECIES 85

DRAKE, THREE NEW TINGITIDiE FROM AUSTRALIA 87

DE LEON, AN OUTBREAK OF EPINOTIA MERITANA IN WHITE FIR 89

BAILEY, THE HINDS COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTERA 91

CALDWELL, A NEW PSEUDOMETHOCA FROM ARIZONA 94

PRATT, MANDIBLES OF OMUS DEJEANI AS

SECONDARY SEXUAL ORGANS 95

San Francisco, California

1939

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

EDITORIAL BOARD

E. P. Van Duzee R. L. Usincer E. C. Van Dyke

Editor Emeritus Editor Associate Editor

G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley

Treasurer

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society

Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic

and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up

to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and

distribution.

All communications should be addressed to “Pan-Pacific Ento-

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is received when proof is returned.

Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.00 per year in advance. Price

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XV, No. 2

April, 1939

THE SPECIES OF EUPARYPHUS RELATED TO

CROTCHII 0. S.

(Diptera, Stratiomyidae)

BY MAURICE T. JAMES

Colorado State College, Fort Collins

The genus Euparyphus has reached its highest development

in the southwestern part of the United States, the related Oxycera

replacing it to a large extent in the eastern states and in Europe.

Along with this development, there occurs what seems to be a

natural group of species which is restricted to the Rocky Moun-

tain and Pacific Coast region of British Columbia, the United

States, and Mexico. These species should not be separated

generically from typical Euparyphus, but since they form a

well defined section of the genus, I am designating this as —

Caloparyphus James, new subgenus

This subgenus includes comparatively large species, 8 mm. or

more in length (except tahoensis Coq. and crucigerus Coq., which

measure somewhat less) ; scutellar spines separated,' at base, by

a distance at least as great as, usually much greater than, length

of spines; thorax black, with four longitudinal yellow vittae; head

yellow with black markings (predominantly black in obliquus ) ,

and abdomen black, with conspicuous arcuate lateral marking or

a once-interrupted arcuate band each on segments three and four

( decem-maculatus 0 . S. varies from this pattern) . Eyes pilose or

bare.

Type, Oxycera crotchii 0. S.

Ten species are here referred to this subgenus. Of these,

E. decem-maculatus is unknown to me and has been placed here

on the basis of its description. Two lines along which specia-

tion has taken place are in the antennal structure and the abdomi-

nal pattern. (1) The antennae, in one group of species ( amplus ,

currani, crucigerus and tahoensis ), have been shortened, espe-

cially in respect to the terminal two segments (seventh and

eighth), whereas, in a second group, the antennae remain long.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XV, NO. 2

(2) The basic abdominal pattern apparently consists of yellow

markings on a black background, in the form of large spots at

the base of the first and apex of the fifth, and more or less

arcuate bands on the second, third, and fourth, segments. The

bands are doubly interrupted in decem-maculatus, once so in

the other species; the yellow areas furthermore tend to become

reduced in size, or to disappear completely, the extreme melanic

condition being reached in tahoensis, typical form. On this

basis, three species groups might be recognized:

(a) Abdominal bands twice interrupted — decem-maculatus.

(b) Abdominal bands once interrupted; antennas shortened

— amplus, currant , crucigerus, tahoensis.

ened — mariposa , pretiosa *, crotchii, major, flaviven-

tris.

I am indebted to Messrs. G. E. Shewell, J. N. Knull, and

Charles T. Green for information regarding the Curran, Hine,

and Coquillett types, respectively.

The valid species may be separated by means of the fol-

lowing key.

1. Abdominal segments three to five each with an isolated median

yellow spot; these, together with three lateral spots on

each side and an apical one, make a total of ten abdominal

spots decem-maculatus 0. S.

-. Abdomen with at most eight yellow spots, and without the

median ones on the segments 2

2. Antennas no longer than head; terminal segment (eighth)

definitely shorter than first and second combined; seventh

segment not more than half the length of either third, fourth,

or fifth 3

-. Antennae at least one and one-half times length of head;

terminal segment (eighth) at least as long as combined length

of first and second; seventh segment at least as long as

fourth or fifth 6

3. Vein R 4 normally wanting; femora black; antennae with at

most one segment yellowish, frequently entirely black 4

Vein R 4 normally present; femora yellow; antennae exten-

sively yellow basally, at least second and third segments en-

tirely yellow am^plus

*E. pretiosa presumably belongs here. Only the first and second antennal

segments are present in the type, the only specimen of this species known.

APRIL, 1939]

JAMES— SPECIES OF EUPARYPHUS

4. Larger species (8 mm.) ; venter entirely black; face of female

with a median, inverted, U-shaped, black marking, but other-

wise yellow currani

-. Smaller species (6-7 mm.), venter more or less extensively

yellow at middle; face of female with a median, inverted, V-

shaped, black marking and a longitudinal black spot on each

side of it, the spots sometimes connected with each other.... 5

5. Front ( $ ) black, with an oblique spot on each side near mid-

dle, yellow tahoensis

— . Front in large part yellow crucigerus

6. Femora entirely yellow 7

— . Femora in part black 8

7. First and second antennal segments yellow; frontal black

band continuous with black of face mariposa

-. First and second antennal segments black; black frontal band

ending at antennse pretioscc*

8. Mid-dorsal yellow stripes ending at or before suture; arcuate

bands of third abdominal segment separated by a distance

much greater than their length; sixth and seventh antennal

segments subequal, eighth greatly elongated crotchii

Mid-dorsal yellow stripes extending beyond suture; arcuate

bands of third and fourth abdominal segments closely ap-

proaching each other, almost contiguous; sixth antennal seg-

ment much longer than seventh 9

9. Venter black, segments marked at middle with yellow.. ..major

-. Venter yellow, segments sometimes black on anterior mar-

gin flaviventris

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) decem-maculatus 0. S.

Euparyphus decem-maculatus Osten Sacken, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,

Dipt., 1:40, 1886.

Only the male type, from northern Sonora, Mexico, is known.

The abdominal pattern is characteristic. The type may be lost.

Mr. H. Oldroyd says he cannot find it in the British Museum,

where the other Biologia types are.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) amplus Coquillett

Euparyphus amplus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25:100,

1902.

Female (previously undescribed). Head yellow; the entire ver-

tex, however, black, together with a prominent marking on front

and face which takes somewhat the form of an inverted Y; stem

of Y extending from vertex along mid-frontal line to a point some-

what above base of antennse, where it divides, one fork extending

*See footnote page 50.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

along each side of antennae and to oral margin; from this Y, above

antennae, an angular prominence extends on each side toward the

eyes; narrow ocular orbits above antennae more or less extensively

black; cheeks black; oral margin more or less blackish within.

Proboscis yellow. First antennal segment black, its apex yel-

low; second yellow; third, fourth, and fifth entirely yellow, or

grading from yellow at base of third to brown on fifth; sixth

to eighth black; comparative length of the eight segments,

6:8:8:7:7:11:2:11; entire antenna somewhat shorter than head,

as seen from the side. Pile of head yellow, inconspicuous except

on proboscis; occipital orbit silvery below. Eyes bare. Thorax

black, except the following areas which are yellow: a pair of

dorsal stripes which extend almost fijom anterior margin to a

point more than half way from suture to scutellum; humeri and

broad lateral stripes extending to wing bases; post-alar calluses

and a contiguous triangle pointing in an anterior direction;

scutellum, except its narrow base and extreme apices of spines;

the larger part of propleura; and a large area comprising nar-

row upper and broad posterior margins of mesopleura, upper part

of sternopleura, and extensive areas on pteropleura, hypopleura,

and metapleura. Halteres greenish, stems somewhat inf uscated. Legs

yellow, at most slightly brownish yellow on femora. Wings hya-

line; veins yellow. Vein R 4 present; first posterior vein shortened

to a stump, the other posterior veins not reaching wing margin.

Abdomen black; first segment more or less yellowish basally; sec-

ond with a small semi-circular yellow spot on each side; third

and fourth each with an arcuate yellow cross-band, more or less

broadly interrupted at middle, but length of yellow half-bands

much greater than the distance separating them; narrow lateral

margins of second to fifth segments, and apical third of fifth,

yellow. Venter yellow; narrow bases of segments black. Length,

8 mm.

Described from five females, Spanish Fork, Utah (D. Elmo

Hardy) ; one female, Hooper, Utah, June 30, 1937 (D. Elmo

Hardy). The holotype, a male from Chimney Gulch, Colorado,

is in the United States National Museum.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) currani James, new species

Female. Head yellow; vertex, a broad frontal band, middle

of face and oral margin, and cheeks black; frontal band half as

broad as front and ending angularly just above antennae; black

area of face taking the form of an inverted U. Proboscis yellow.

Antennae black, second segment somewhat yellowish; ratio of seg-

ments, 7:8:8:7:7:9:3:10. Pile of head yellow, inconspicuous

except on proboscis; occipital orbits silvery pollinose below. Eyes

APRIL, 1939]

JAMES— SPECIES OF EUPARYPHUS

with short, scattered pile. Thorax black except the following

areas, which are yellow: two longitudinal dorsal stripes which

extend from anterior margin to a point half-way between suture

and scutellum; humeri and a lateral stripe extending from each

humerus to suture; postalar calluses and a contiguous triangle,

directed forward; scutellum and its spines; upper margins of

mesopleura, broadened at wing bases; and four small spots, one

on each sternopleuron and pteropleuron. Halteres yellow, their

stalks infuscated. Legs yellow, except basal half of each femur

and a small median ring on each hind tibia, which are brownish-

black. Wings hyaline, veins yellow. Vein R 4 wanting; posterior

veins not reaching wing margin, and first posterior reduced to

a fold beyond its base. Abdomen black; a small yellow spot at

base of first segment, and one on each lateral margin of second;

segments three and four each with narrowly interrupted arcuate

yellow bands; narrow lateral margins of all segments but first

and a large, semi-circular spot covering approximately apical half

of fifth segment, yellow. Length, 8 mm.

Holotype, female, Riding Mountains, Manitoba, July 21 (J. B.

Wallis), in the American Museum of Natural History.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) tahoensis Coq.

Euparyphus tahoensis Coquilett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25:98,

1902.

A black species; the female with a pair of oblique yellow mark-

ings at middle of front near the eyes and another pair' on lower

part of face; a male, which I refer to this species, with frontal

triangle yellow and face entirely black. Thoracic markings char-

acteristic of the group.

E. obliquus Hine probably should not be considered spe-

cifically distinct. I therefore propose the following subspecific

designations :

E. tahoensis tahoensis Coq., loc. cit. Abdomen black, with

the margin and an interrupted fascia on the fourth abdominal

segment yellow. Type, female, Lake Tahoe, California, in the

United States National Museum. Also a male, Summit Prairie,

Oregon, August 3, 1935 (Joe Schuh).

E. tahoensis obliquus Hine, Can. Ent., 36: 87, 1904. Abdo-

men black, with the margin, a small lateral spot on the second

segment, and an interrupted fascia each on the third and fourth

segments, yellow. Type, Vernon, B. C., in the Ohio State Uni-

versity collection.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) CRUCIGERUS Coq.

Euparyphus crucigerus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25:

99, 1902.

Euparyphus nicolensis Curran, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sect.

V: 221, 1927.

A black species, close to tahoensis ; indeed, I should consider

it a subspecies, were it not for the different basic pattern of the

pale markings of the head.

Crucigerus with occipital, facial, and frontal orbits yellow, and

with a subquadrate spot at base of antennas which may be conflu-

ent with the frontal and facial orbits above and connected below

by means of oblique markings with lower part of facial orbits.

Thoracic markings typical; abdomen with margins, sometimes base

of first segment, and an interrupted vitta each on third and fourth

segments yellow.

The presence of the yellow V on the face, by which Curran

distinguished nicolensis, does not, according to the series of

specimens before me, seem to be even of subspecific value.

Type, a female from Colorado, in the United States National

Museum.

Distribution. South Dakota: Custer, July 17, 1924. Colorado:

Fort Collins, July 24 and 31, 1895 (C. P. Gillette) ; Florissant,

June 21, 1937 (M. T. and H. B. James). Utah: Summit, June,

1926 (Brown); Amalga, June 19, 1937 (C. F. Smith). Washing-

ton: Longmire, Rainier Nat. Park, July 27, 1920 (E. C. Van Dyke).

Oregon: Wallowa Mts., Baker County, July 4, 1922 (Van Dyke).

California: Buck Creek, Modoc County, June 21, 1932 (C. L. Fox) ;

Meadow Valley, Plumas County, 4000-5000 feet (Van Dyke).

Arizona: McNary, June 14, 1934 (M. T. and H. B. James). The

type of nicolensis is from Nicola, B. C.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) mariposa James, new species

Female. Head black in ground color, but actually in large

part yellow, the yellow areas including: occipital, facial, and

frontal orbits, the last two being very broad; an inverted, U-

shaped area on face, connected' below with orbits and above with

a small area at base of antennae; a small triangle above anten-

nae; and, in the holotype, a small, U-shaped marking extending

from each posterior ocellus backward onto occiput. Pile of face

sparse, yellow, that of front and vertex black and denser, espe-

cially dense on black areas; all the pile, however, short. First and

APRIL, 1939]

JAMES— SPECIES OF EUPARYPHUS

second antennal segments reddish yellow, the others black; ratio

of the segments, 14:13:10:7:8:18:12:42; antennae one and three-

fourth times as long as head. Eyes with short, scattered pile.

Thorax with four dorsal yellow vittae; median pair extending more

than halfway from suture to scutellum; lateral pair broadly in-

terrupted behind suture; upper margin of mesonotum bordered

very narrowly with yellow, the border expanding, however, into

a large area just anterior to wing base, which, in turn, extends

onto sternopleuron, pteropleuron, and metapleuron, thus surround-

ing wing base in the form of a semi-circular band; a prominent

yellow spot on each propleuron. Scutellum yellow, narrowly black

at base; spines separated by a distance equal to one and one-third

times the length of each. Pile of thorax light yellow. Legs yellow,

the anterior coxae black basally, posterior ones slightly brownish.

Wings hyaline; veins yellow; R 4 distinctly present. Abdomen

black; most of median half of first segment, apical half of fifth,

an arcuate lateral marking on each side of second, broadly inter-

rupted arcuate bands on third and fourth, and venter, yellow.

Length, 9 mm.

Holotype, female, Mariposa County, Calif., W. M. Wheeler

collection, in the American Museum of Natural History.

Paratype, female, Mariposa County, Calif., June 6, 1914

(F. W. Nunenmacher) , in the Oregon State College collection.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) pretiosa Banks

Euparyphus pretiosa Banks, Can. Ent., 51: 65, 1920.

Only the type, a female from Vancouver, B. C., is known.

The eyes are pilose; the antennae are broken off beyond the

second segment. Type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) crotchii (0. S.)

Oxycera crotchii Osten Sacken, West. Dipt., Bull. U. S. Geol.

Geog. Surv. Terr., 3: 212, 1877.

Euparyphus septem-maculatus Adams, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull.,

2: 31, 1903 (Synonymy, Banks, Can. Ent., 51: 65, 1920).

The antennae are broken off beyond the second segment in

the type, and this fact was responsible for Osten Sacken’s generic

reference, quite a natural mistake, as Euparyphus and Oxycera

are indistinguishable except by the antennal structure. Fort

Collins specimens in my collection have the following ratio of

the antennal segments: 15:10:9:8:7:15:15:40. Type, a female

from California, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XV, NO. 2

Distribution. Colorado: Masonville, September 6, 1934; Fort

Collins, April 8, 1910 (reared specimens). Washington: Quillene,

July 21, 1935 (W. Baker); Shelton, August 31, 1935 (Baker).

California: Paraiso Springs, May 7, 1922 (L. S. Slevin) ; Inver-

ness, August 14, 1910 (Van Dyke) ; Carmel, Monterey County,

February 5, 1917 (Van Dyke) and May 13, 1919 (L. S. Slevin) ;

Jewell Station, Marin County, July 15 (C. L. Fox) ; Geysers, 1750

feet, May 21, 1897 (W. M. Wheeler). The type of septem-macu-

latus, a male, is from Palo Alto, California. Curran has recorded

this species from Vancouver, B. C.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) major Hine

Euparyphus major Hine, Ohio Nat. 1: 112, 1901.

Euparyphus octomaculatus Curran, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada,

Sect. V: 222, 1927.

The above species seem to be absolutely synonymous. E. major

was omitted from Aldrich’s Catalogue, and for that reason may

have been overlooked by Curran. The type of major, from

Boulder, Colorado, is in the Ohio State University collection;

that of octomaculatus , from Penticton, B. C., is in the Canadian

National collection.

Distribution. Kansas: Atchison County, July 7, 1924 (E. P.

Breakey). Colorado: Boulder, type: North Park, August 30, 1899;

Masonville, September 4, 1934; Pingree Park, August 24, 1923

(R. C. Smith). Wyoming: Yellowstone Park, July 20, 1925 (A. A.

Nichol). Montana: Anaconda, July 21, 1931 (J. Nottingham).

Utah: Provo Canyon (D. Elmo Hardy). Washington: Mt. Rainier,

August 10, 1935 (W. R. Camp) ; Green River Gorge, August 6,

1932 (Baker). Oregon: Horseshoe Lake, Blue Mts., 7500 feet,

July 26, 1929 (Scullen) ; Woodruff Meadows, Jackson County,

August 4, 1932 (Chamberlin). California: Los Gatos, September

25, 1910.

Euparyphus (Caloparyphus) flaviventris James

Euparyphus flaviventris James, Pan-Pac. Ent., 12: 89, 1936.

The type series is from Lake City (holotype) , Buck Creek,

and Davis Creek, in Modoc County, and Grass Lake, Tahoe,

California. Type in the California Academy of Sciences. A

specimen in the American Museum of Natural History is from

Mariposa County, California, June 6, 1914 (F. W. Nunenmacher) ..

APRIL, 1939]

ZIMMERMAN— FIJIAN OROCHLESIS

A NEW FIJIAN OROCHLESIS

(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

BY ELWOOD C. ZIMMERMAN

Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, T. H.

The cryptorhynchine genus Orochlesis Pascoe, 1873, although

distributed from Malaya to the Society Islands, has more than

a third of its described species in Fiji. Considerable speciation

has taken place in Fiji, and many new species are yet to be

described. The following new species is the eighth from Fiji.

My key to the Fijian species (Occasional Papers, B. P. Bishop

Museum, Vol. 12, No. 22, 1936) can be amended to include this

species by changing the 4 in dichotomy 3 to 3a and inserting

the following lines after dichotomy 3:

3a. Interocular area not narrowed dorsally, but slightly widened

toward the tops of the eyes; a black species ater

Interocular area conspicuously narrowing from the base of

the rostrum to the tops of the eyes 4

Orochlesis ater Zimmerman, n. sp.

Derm shiny black, with the antennas and tarsi diluted with red;

head normally with pale scaling; scales on the pronotum mostly

black, but normally with pale scales on either side of the median

line and before elytral intervals four and five and with a few

scattered pale scales, scales in front of elytral interval three

black; elytral scaling black, tessellated with small patches of

yellowish brown scales, each interval picked out with rather widely

spaced, usually white setae; pale or white setse predominating on

the legs; scaling on the pleura and below white excepting occa-

sional dark scales or setse on the fifth ventrite.

Head coarsely, deeply, rather irregularly punctate; interocular

area widened instead of narrowed dorsally; scaling sparse, mostly

setiform and with only a few elongate-oval scales. Rostrum

coarsely punctate only at the extreme base and laterally sulcate

to the antennae, otherwise smooth and shiny, sparsely and minutely

punctate. Antennae with the scape as long as the first four funi-

cular segments; first and second funicular segments subequal in

length, the second as long as three plus four plus half of five,

three to seven successively slightly more transverse and these com-

bined as long as the club. Prothorax seven-tenths as long as

broad, base bisinuate, broadly rounded on the sides to just before

> THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV, NO. 2

the apex and there with a rather shallow but distinct subapical

constriction which is just perceptibly flatly impressed across the

dorsum; dorsum otherwise evenly convex; very coarsely, closely,

reticulately punctate, the interstices shiny, much narrower than

the diameters of the punctures; scaling sparse, not hiding the

derm, without round scales, each puncture giving rise to a narrow,

elongate, setiform prostrate scale, with a few scattered broader

scales near the base. Elytra rather tumid in dorsal and lateral out-

line, almost evenly arcuate on the sides from the sinuous base to

the apex, about two-thirds as broad as long and about three times

as long as the prothorax; intervals, at least in the basal half, with

small, low, but conspicuous, bare, shiny tubercles and a row of

almost prostrate setas; scaling, except on the tubercles, dense and

concealing the derm on the intervals, the scales small; strias at most

shallowly impressed, but with the punctures large, deep and coarse

near the base, well spaced, dwindling rapidly in size caudad. Legs

with the femora edentate, coarsely punctate, scales sparse above,

tibiae with three carinae on the outer face in addition to the dorsal

and ventral carinae. Sternum with the mesosternal receptacle

strongly and conspicuously protuberant; metasternum deeply im-

pressed immediately in back of the mesosternal receptacle, with

large subfovea-form punctures, the hind margin rather deeply

emarginate, the narrowest point between the mid and hind coxae

somewhat narrower than a hind coxa. Venter with the first two

ventrites with well-defined punctures bearing prostrate squamae

or squamiform setae, the punctures coarse near the base of the first

ventrite; ventrites three and four punctate across their entire

lengths ; ventrite five densely punctate. Length, 4-6 mm. ; breadth,

2. 5-3. 5 mm.

Fiji: Viti Levu and Taveuni. Holotype collected at light at

Korovou, Tailevu, Viti Levu November 9, 1937, by Dr. J. M.

Valentine, stored in Bernice P. Bishop Museum, and two para-

types collected at Waiyevo, Taveuni, by Dr. H. S. Evans, one

February 29, 1924 (No. 701-11-23) to be deposited in the British

Museum, the other March 1, 1924 (No. 793-24) in Bishop

Museum.

The first abdominal segment is flattened and impressed in

all three specimens, and I therefore consider them males.

The shape of the interocular area which is not narrowed from

the base of the rostrum to the top of the eyes, together with the

strongly protuberant mesosternal receptacle and sparsely squa-

. mose, coarsely punctate pronotum will easily distinguish this

species from the other Fijian species.

APRIL, 1939]

COCKERELL— DIADASIA

BEES RELATED TO DIADASIA AUSTRALIS CRESSON

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Boulder, Colorado

When collecting bees on Santa Catalina Island in June, San

Clemente Island from June 17 to 21, San Nicolas Island July 7

to 17, and Santa Cruz Island August 20, I found Diadasia visit-

ing the flowers of Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.). On Santa Cata-

lina Island in March and April and again August 29 to Sep-

tember 2, and on San Miguel Island early in May I found no

Diadasia. At the time of the last visit to Santa Catalina there

were plenty of Opuntia flowers, freely visited by Bombus, but

not a Diadasia could be found.

On sorting out the numerous specimens I found I had two

very distinct species:

(1) . Diadasia opuntice (Cockerell), described in 1901 from

San Pedro, California, as D. rinconis opuntice. From the main-

land I have it only from San Pedro, but Timberlake has taken it

at Whittier and Long Beach, though he never finds it inland

in the region about Riverside. It is recognizable in both sexes

by the shining area of metathorax, in the female by the broad

abdominal bands, but especially by the hind basitarsi of the

male having a circular plate at the end, instead of the finger-

like process of all the other species of the D. australis group.

At San Clemente it was taken at Wilson’s Cove and Middle

Ranch by Dr. J. T. Scott and myself. On Santa Catalina my

wife and I took it at Rancho Escondido, Fisherman’s Cove, the

Mausoleum, and Cape Canyon. At Fisherman’s Cove several

males were found resting on the cup-shaped flowers of Calo-

chortus.

(2) . Diadasia mimetica (Cockerell), described in 1924, from

Santa Cruz Island (Van Duzee) as D. australis mimetica. The

area of metathorax is dull in both sexes, the females have nar-

row, sharply defined abdominal bands, and the males have a

finger-like process at end of hind basitarsi. I found a pair at

Fry’s Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, August 20, at flowers of

Opuntia littoralis. Both sexes occurred on San Nicolas Island,

where no D. opuntice. were found. On San Clemente several were

collected by J. T. Scott and myself, and my wife and I took it

on Santa Catalina at Fisherman’s Cove (some on the Calochortus

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XV, NO. 2

flowers) , Cape Canyon and Rancho Escondido. This species is

not a race of D. australis , but it is very close to D. rinconis

Cockerell, described from New Mexico. In the females of D.

rinconis the abdominal bands are broader with the anterior

(cephalad) margin strongly undulate. Specimens collected by

Timberlake at Riverside at flowers of Opuntia parryi, May 27,

are clearly D. rinconis and not mimetica. D. australis petrinus

Cockerell, 1923, from San Pedro Martir Island, is really a form

of D. rinconis with no strong characters. In the female of D.

australis (Cresson) tergites II to IV have the same white apical

bands and the surface before them is thinly covered with light

hairs. Specimens before me are from Denver (Figgins) and

Livermore (Baker) in Colorado, and Santa Fe Canyon (Cock-

erell) in New Mexico.

The Male of Buprestis Connexa

(Coleoptera, Buprestidae)

In dissecting genitalia of Buprestis connexa Horn, a male

specimen taken at Camp Richardson, Lake Tahoe, California,

July 16, 1938, was discovered. I am indebted to Mr. L. B. Boyer

for this specimen. As no previous records of the male of this

species have come to notice and as the species of Buprestis are

placed subgenerically by the characters of the anterior tibiae of

the males, this discovery is considered significant.

The male is similar to the f emale in general appearance but

differs as follows: length, 13 mm. (15 mm. in the female) ; head

green on occiput (cupreous in the female) ; pronotum with a

slight depression near each anterior angle, green around lateral

margins (cupreous in the female) ; elytra with lateral margins

less cupreous than in the female; last ventral segment of abdo-

men subtruncate apically (distinctly emarginate apically in the

female) . Anterior tibiae simple, not internally emarginate, and

armed with a subapical, reflexed tooth.

On the basis of the anterior tibiae connexa should be placed

in Casey’s subgenus Cypriacis with aurulenta, adjecta, etc., rather

than following gibbsi in the typical subgenus Buprestis. Bupres-

tis fasciata Fabr. and Buprestis langi Mann., likewise belong in

Cypriacis. — J. R. Heifer, Caspar, California.

APRIL, 1939]

HOPPING— MALACHIUS FROM CALIF.

NEW SPECIES OF MALACHIUS FROM CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera, Malachidas)

BY RALPH HOPPING

Vernon, British Columbia

The writer has before him all of the known species and two

new species of that Malachius group having the antennae pecti-

nate and in which the elytra are not appendiculate. Most of these

species can readily be placed by means of Fall’s key* published

in 1901. To the species mixtus, however, have been relegated

numerous females, many of which, upon discovery of males,

have proven to be new species.

This paper was written at San Luis Obispo, California, while

on my vacation in March and April, 1937.

Malachius yuccae Hopping, n. sp.

Male. Length : 3 mm. Shining. Color blue-green except a

broad band on anterior part of head, the under side of first seg-

ment of antennae, the lateral margins of prothorax, and a central

median band on each elytron, which are testaceous; a spot at

apices of elytra rufous; tarsi sometimes lighter in color; pro-

notum with a broad testaceous band at lateral margins, the longi-

tudinal central portion blue-green and shining; each elytron with

a broad longitudinal testaceous stripe terminating at apex in a

rufous spot.

Elytra not appendiculate. Antennas pectinate, the pectinations

on segments V to X longer than the segments and slender.

Female. Similar to the male but without the longitudinal

stripe on each elytron although there is an indefinite indication

of a stripe just above the apical rufous spot. Antennas strongly

serrate.

Pronotum wider than long in both sexes, with posterior mar-

gins broadly explanate. Elytra scabrous with indefinite longi-

tudinal carinas.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and a paratype of each

sex from Banning, California, collected by the author on March

6, 1933, from the flowers of Yucca arborescens Torr.

Superficially this species looks like the male and female of

floricola Martin but the male antennas in yuccce are pectinate

rather than serrate as in floricola. Yuccce should be placed just

*Fall, H. C., Occ. Pap., Calif. Acad. Sci., VIII, pp. 247-248, 1901.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

before macer Horn, a species with very much shorter pectina-

tions of the antennae. Three additional females were collected at

Banning on March 30, 1937. Evidently a male and a female

collected by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher in Esmeralda County,

Nevada, June 6, 1908, also belong to this species.

Malachius blaisdelli Hopping, n. sp.

Male. Shining and densely black in color except for the usual

partly testaceous areas on the front of the head and near the

eyes; lateral margins of pronotum and tips of elytra reddish;

elytra shining dark blue; antennae entirely black; pronotum with

a black central area reaching the anterior and posterior margins,

with a small black spot subbasally on either side; elytra dark blue

except for rufous tips which fade to testaceous anteriorly; apical

spots rather large and extending V-shaped into the blue of the

elytra; ventral surface intensely black except for pale prothorax

and margins of ventral segments; legs entirely black. An ashy,

sparse, erect vestiture, especially on elytral margins and toward

their apices and more or less on the ventral surface and legs.

Head with longitudinal depressions just inside the antennse,

with a broad, central, raised area between them. Antennse pecti-

nate with the pectination of segment V broader at base than at

apex and shorter than VI; pectinations on segments VIII and IX

longer than those on VI and VII, slightly longer than the segments

and moderately stout. Pronotum broader than long. Elytra faintly

scabrous; slightly wider near their apices. Length: 3 mm.

Female. Similar to the male but with the antennae rather

strongly serrate; the ashy, erect vestiture denser, and the lateral

pronotal spots nearly obsolete.

Holotype, male, (No. 4764), and allotype, female (No.

4765), Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., in the Blaisdell collection, taken

at Stockton, California, May 12, 1933, by F. E. Blaisdell. Para-

types: two males and three females, Stockton, California, April

23, 1931; and two males and one female, near Lodi, San Joaquin

County, California, April 12, 1930; all collected by F. E. Blais-

dell. All paratypes in the collection of F. E. Blaisdell deposited

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences except

for a pair in the collection of the author.

This species is nearest mixtus Horn but is more slender and

smaller, mixtus being 3.5 to 4.5 mm. in length. Occasionally a

female of blaisdelli lacks the lateral black spot on the pronotum.

APRIL, 1939]

CHAMBERLIN— NEW CENTIPEDS

FOUR NEW CENTIPEDS OF THE GENUS CRYPTOPS

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah

The types of the following new species of Cryptops were

found among material taken at quarantine and submitted to me

for identification by the United States Bureau of Entomology

and Plant Quarantine.

Cryptops nautiphilus Chamberlin, n. sp.

Cephalic plate with posterior margin free and overlapping the

first dorsal plate; without longitudinal sulci. First dorsal plate

with a sharply impressed transverse sulcus which is angled at the

middle; behind this a W-shaped impression with longitudinal

sulcus proceeding caudad from each angle of the W. The suc-

ceeding tergites bisulcate except the last, which bears a large,

suboval, median impression; median keel not developed. Anterior

margin of prosternum nearly straight, bearing few setas. Ventral

plates smooth, most showing a distinct median longitudinal sulcus

crossed by a transverse one, the parts of which are commonly

oblique. Last ventral plate short and broad, subsemicircular.

Stigma elliptic. Pseudopleuras subtruncate posteriorly, pores in

an anterior patch, not reaching caudal margin by a wide space.

Tarsi of all but posterior legs single jointed. Prefemur and femur

of anal legs flattened above, sulcate over distal portion; prefemur

with numerous spines beneath and laterally, the femur similarly

armed on mesal and ventral surfaces; tibia with three stout curved

teeth along ventromesal edge; first tarsal article with two similar

teeth of which the distal onei is larger and is near middle of length

of joint. Length, 19 mm.

From Mexico. One specimen taken on banana leaf at quaran-

tine in New Orleans, August 13, 1936.

Nautiphilus suggests detectus Silvestri, but is a larger species

differing in having only three ventral teeth on tibia of anal legs,

instead of six, and in various other details.

Cryptops venezuelae Chamberlin, n. sp.

Dorsum in general dusky with head, first tergite, and last

tergite, together with all appendages, yellow. Cephalic plate with-

out sulci. First dorsal plate without either transverse or longi-

tudinal sulci. The following dorsal plates likewise without com-

plete sulci; these complete only on more posterior plates. Ventral

plates with sulci forming a cruciform impression. Last ventral

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

plate with caudal margin straight or nearly so, the posterior

corners rounded. Pseudopleuras truncate, with pores small, about

a dozen on each side in a triangular patch below ventral plate

and with apex caudad, not reaching posterior margin. Tarsi of

all but posterior legs one-jointed. Prefemur and femur flattened

above and sulcate at distal end; bearing on mesal and ventral sur-

faces numerous short spines and prefemur with some on outer face

where femur bears finer hairs or setae; both of these articles with-

out teeth except a dentiform process of intermediate character at

distal end of femur below. Tibia with a series of five (six on one

side) teeth and the first article of tarsus with two. Length about

10 mm.

From Venezuela, taken at quarantine in Washington, D. C.,

July 22, 1936.

Cryptops watsingus Chamberlin, n. sp.

Color yellow throughout. Cephalic plate not sulcate. First

dorsal plate with transverse sulcus angled at the middle behind

which is the typical W-shaped mark followed by the usual paired

sulci. The following tergites with typical paired sulci. Prosternal

margin straight or but slightly bowed, with setae sparse. Ventral

plates with cruciform impression. Last ventral plate with corners

widely rounded, the median portion of caudal margin straight.

Tarsi of all except posterior legs uniarticulate. Pseudopleurae

apparently without pores, in their usual position an area of short

spinous points. Prefemur and femur clothed with the usual spines,

those on ventral surface of femur more sparse, these articles with

finer, sparse hair above and ectally; no teeth; both joints sulcate

at distal end above. Tibia of anal legs with four equal teeth

below, the first tarsal joint with three. Length, 20 mm.

From Guatemala, taken at New Orleans in debris on bananas,

July 23, 1936.

Cryptops positus Chamberlin, n. sp.

Cephalic plate free and overlapping the first dorsal plate, with-

out sulci. First dorsal plate with sharply impressed, transverse

sulcus angled at middle; paired sulci very fine, ending in a W-

mark caudad of transverse sulcus. Tergites finely bisulcate ex-

cept the last which has a median depression; no median keel.

Prosternal margin straight. Ventral plates with the usual cruci-

form impression. Last ventral plate wide, sides converging caudad,

the caudal corner widely rounded. Pseudopleuras truncate; pores

in a patch along ventral plate, not reaching caudal margin by a

wide space. Tarsi of all but posterior legs one-jointed. Prefemur

and femur of anal legs flattened above and below, dorsally sulcate

from end to end, the sulcus deepest caudally; these joints bearing

APRIL, 1939]

MAEHLER— NOTES ON MELOIDA3

numerous spines ventrally and mesally as usual but having a

narrow longitudinal glabrous band along mesal face of femur;

femur with a tooth on mesoventral edge about one-fourth the

length from the caudal end; tibia with a series of four teeth;

first tarsal joint with two ventral teeth. Length, 17.5 mm.

Holotype from Honduras; one specimen taken at New Orleans

November 1, 1937. Paratype from Nicaragua; two specimens

taken at quarantine at New Orleans, November 21, 1936.

Very close to C. nautiphilus, but a more robust species with

the articles of the anal legs decidedly thicker and proportionately

shorter.

Notes on the Melohle

Lytta agrestis Fall (1901), described from three specimens

in the American Museum of Natural History, is extremely rare

and apparently unrepresented in any of the larger western col-

lections. Recently, however, Mont Cazier called my attention

to four perfect male specimens of this species taken by R. P.

Allen, 20 miles east of Tuba City, (northeastern) Arizona, on

June 26, 1938.

Also taken at the same locality was a unique damaged speci-

men which P. J. Darlington, Jr., was kind enough to compare

with Leconte’s type of Lytta cribrata. This species was taken

by the Mexican Boundary Commission (1853) and is apparently

known only from the type. Unfortunately the condition of the

Tuba City specimen made it impossible to positively identify,

although it did seem to approach the type.

Epicauta magnomaculata J. 0. Martin (1932) was described

from a series of nine specimens taken at Ballarat, Panamint

Valley, Inyo County, California, May, 1931. I had never seen

any other specimens except this series in the California Academy

of Sciences until recently when looking over some material taken

by Messrs. J. DuBois, B. White and V. Wooley. They took 112

specimens from two bushes of Arrow- weed, Pluchea sericea, at

Stove Pipe Wells, Death Valley, California, on April 13, 1938.

It is interesting to note the manifestation of their gregarious

habit, the specimens having been taken on two bushes close

together while, although a considerable area surrounding these

bushes was surveyed, no additional specimens were found. —

K. L. Maehler.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vql. XV, NO. 2

ON THE STANDING OF THE GENUS LIBURNIA STAL

(Hemiptera, Fulgoridaa)

BY EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE

California Academy of Sciences

In zoological nomenclature it probably is impossible to for-

mulate any rule or set of rules that will fit all cases. There

always will be the element of personal judgment to interject

itself into the application of such rules. One of these puzzling

cases is that of Liburnia Stal. No student of nomenclature ques-

tions for a moment the rule that the type of a genus must be

found among the species included in the genus at the time it

was founded. However, the name Liburnia was first given by

Stal, not as a new genus, but as a name for what was at that

time an old and well known generic concept. Therefore to find

its type, one must first locate the type of the genus that had

been masquerading under that name. The whole trouble comes

from the fact that Stal, in 1866, called that genus Delphax Auct.

instead of Delphax Latreille. Stal’s meaning will become per-

fectly plain to anyone who will look up the history of the

generic name Delphax. To ignore these facts and misinterpret

Stal’s use of Delphax Auct. is a mere quibble.

Here are a few pertinent facts: Latreille, in 1796, described

a genus Cercopis in his “Precis” (p. 91) for which be substi-

tuted Asiraca at page 202 but without the mention, in either

place, of a species. This genus Asiraca, he validated in 1802

by including the species longicornis Latr., clavicornis Fabr. and

crassicornis Fabr. In the meantime (1798), however, Fabricius

had established his genus Delphax with crassicornis and clavi-

cornis as species, and in 1803 he added eight other species. In

1804 Latreille reaffirms his genus Asiraca, complains that Fa-

bricius had redescribed it as Delphax, and lists nine species,

among them clavicornis, crassicornis and pellucida, thus making

his Asiraca equivalent to Delphax of Fabricius. But in 1807

he recognizes Asiraca with clavicornis and four other species,

and Delphax Fabr. with “pellucida Fabr. “ ejusd . Delphacies

flavescens, striata, marginata, minuta.” This statement by

Latreille distinctly designates pellucida as the type of his genus

Delphax and it is this generic concept that was used by prac-

tically all hemipterists until Stal corrected the liberties Latreille

APRIL, 1939]

VAN DUZEE— LIBURNIA

had taken with Fabricius’ genus, by renaming Delphax of

Latreille as Liburnia. This genus Liburnia, as named by Stal

in 1866, was so used by Scott in his revision of the family in

1870-1871, by Sahlberg in 1871, by Fieber in his Katalog of

1872 and in his monograph of 1875, by Melichar in 1896 and

by me in 1897. Until the time of Muir, the only work of a

monographic character in which the name Delphax was used

in place of Liburnia was that by Kirschbaum, and it is probable

that this work (1868) was written before Kirschbaum had seen

Stal’s Hemiptera Africana.

The validity of the name Delphax Fabricius does not affect

the standing of genus Liburnia Stal and need not be considered

here.

Bibliography

Genus Delphax Fabr.

1796. Latreille, Precis des Characteres Generiques des Insectes,

p. 91 (Cercopis) , p. 202, Asiraca.

1798. Fabricius, Entomologias Systematica, Supplementum, pp.

511, 522.

1802. Walckenaer, Faune Parisienne, Insectes, vol. 2, p. 329,

Delphax ( crassicornis & clavicomis) .

1802. Latreille, Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et des Insectes,

vol. 3, p. 259. Asiraca ( longicornis , clavicomis and

crassicornis ) .

1803. Fabricius, Systema Rhyngotorum, p. 83. (Equals Delphax

Auct.) .

1804. Latreille, Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et Insectes, vol.

12, p. 316. ( Asiraca , equals Delphax Auct.)

1807. Latreille, Genera Crustacearum et Insectorum. Vol. 3, p.

167 (Asiraca) , p. 168 Delphax ( pellucida “ejusd. flaves-

cens) and three more.

1810. Latreille, Considerations Generales, p. 263 and 434. (Asi-

raca, type clavicomis Fab., Delphax, type striata Fab.)

1815. Leach, Article Entomology in Brewster’s Edinburgh Ency-

clopedia, vol. 9, pp. 57-175, p. 125. (Asiraca for clavi-

cornis and Delphax for pellucida.)

1818. Germar, Mag. Ent., vol. 3, p. 205; continued in vol. 4, p.

105, 1821. (Asiraca for clavicomis and Delphax for other

species.)

1826. Fallen, Hemipt. Sueciae, Cicadarias, p. 73. (Delphax, in-

cludes crassicornis, pellucida and allies.)

1828. Zetterstedt, Fauna Insectorum Lapponica, p. 547. (Delphax

pellucida and three others.) •;

1829. Germar, Thon’s Entomologische Archiv, vol. 2, p. 57.

(Asiraca with eight species, Delphax with pellucida and

nine other species.)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

1835. Burmeister, Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 2, p. 150.

( Delphax , three species, Asiraca, two species.)

1837. Curtis, British Entomology, vol. 7, plate 657 (for longi-

pennis, names minuta pseudotype. Plate 445 Asiraca

pulchella.)

1839. Spinola, Essai sur les Fulgorelles, in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

ser. 3, vol. 8, pp. 329-337. {Delphax pellucida and five

other species, Araeopus n.g. for crassicornis, Asiraca

for clavicornis.)

1840. Zetterstedt, Insecta Laponica. Column 305. ( Delphax for

pellucida and three other species.)

1840. Westwood, Introduction to the Modern Classification of

Insects, vol. 2. Suppl. p. 116. ( Asiraca , type clavicornis ;

Delphax, type minuta Fabr. not an original species.)

1840. Blanchard, Histoire des Insectes, vol. 3, pp. 176, 177.

{Asiraca for clavicornis and crassicornis ; Delphax for

limbata and marginata.)

1851. Walker, List of Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the

British Museum, p. 350. (Equals Delphax of Latreille,

lists 51 species.)

1854. Stal, Of. Kongl. Yet. Akad. Forh., vol. 11, pp. 189 to 197.

(Monographic but omits Asiraca.)

1859. Dohrn, Catalogus Hemipterorum, p. 61. (Lists 80 species

of Delphax Auct.)

1861. Flor, Rhynchoten Livlands, vol. 2, p. 25. (Equals Delphax

Auct. Lists 28 species.)

1866. Fieber, Grundzuege zur generischen Theilung der Delpha-

cini. Verh. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Ges. Band 16, pp. 517-634.

(Equals Delphax Auct., monographic.)

1868. Kirschbaum. Die Cicadinen der gegen von Wiesbaden und

Frankfurt, pp. 19 to 40. (Monographic, 45 species.)

Genus Liburnia Stal

1866. Stal, Hemiptera Africana, vol. 4, p. 179. (New name for

Delphax of Authors.)

1870-1871. Scott, Revision of the Family Delphacidaa with de-

scriptions of several new species of the Genus Delphax

of authors. (Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 7, pp. 22, 67, 193,

monographic.)

1871. Sahlberg, Of. af Finlands och den Skandinaviska Halfons

Cicadariaa, p. 422. (Monographic for that fauna.)

1872. Fieber, Katalog der europaischen Cicadinen, p. 5 (for

Delphax Auct.)

1875. Fieber, Les Cicadines d’Europe; Rev. Mag. Zool., vol. 26,

p. 89 and 1879, pp. 1 to 78. (Monographic.)

1896. Melichar, Cicadinen von Mittel-Europa, pp. 69-94. (Mono-

graphic.)

APRIL, 1939]

WHITE— ACMiE ODER A

A NEW SPECIES OF ACMZEODERA (COLEOPTERA- BUP-

RESTIDZE) WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON OTHERS

FROM SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

By BURDETTE E. WHITE

University of California, Berkeley

Sunset Valley, which is near Figueroa Mountain in the Santa

Barbara County portion of the Coast Range, has, through the

results of three collecting trips, been proved to be an unusual

region for the genus Acmceodera. A total of 18 species and 2

subspecies was found to inhabit this area. Two of these were new

species with the probability of a third being new. One of these

has since been described while another is described below.

Two of the three trips were made exactly one year apart —

July 4, 1937 and 1938. The third trip followed two weeks after

the second. The members of the first trip were Mr. George

Holsten and the author; the second included Mr. V. L. Woolley,

Mr. Robert Zaph, and the members of the first trip; the third

trip was a hasty but successful one made by Mr. Mont Cazier

and the author.

The 1937 seasonal development of the flora was apparently

about two weeks earlier than that of 1938, probably due to the

abundance of precipitation in the intervening winter. This may

or may not have been responsible for the fact that a slightly dif-

ferent group of species was taken on each of the trips. The

majority of the specimens and representatives of all the species

were collected along a three mile stretch of road that was cut

through the “chamise belt” at about 2000 feet elevation. The

fact that 19 members of a single genus were collected in such a

restricted area seems in itself worthy of mention; however, along

with the list of these species will be included the preferred plant

of each as was shown by the persistence of the adults in flying

to, or by the fact that they were consistently beaten from, the

same species of plant.

The main plants with which the Acmceodera were associated

were scrub oak, Quercus dumosa; hard tack, Cercocarpus betu-

loides; chamise, Adenostoma fasciculatam ; Eriodictyon crassi-

folium variety traskice ; Christmas berry, Photinia arbutifolia;

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

manzanita, Arctostaphylos sp.; and an unidentified, small, yellow-

flowered composite. These, with a few other species of plants,

formed a rather dense association on the shale slopes.

Although host preferences are of very little significance for

adult Acmceodera according to the general consensus of opinion,

the author is convinced that they have some biological signifi-

cance, at least locally. On the three trips which were taken at

relatively wide intervals, careful observations were made of the

host preferences of each species. Each particular species, with

the exception of those visiting flowers, was consistently taken on

a single species of plant. This, together with the fact that

numerous specimens were collected, that the plants were not at

all isolated but growing in close association, and finally that

similar results were obtained on each of the three trips, surely

suggests at least a strong degree of local host selectivity. How-

ever, most of the species from the Santa Barbara region have

been reported from different plants in other localities, which

would indicate that the host specificity is local or that there has

been some error in the citing, of the plant species.

Acjvleodera fenyesi Fall

Over sixty individuals of this well-known species were taken

as they flew to Eriodictyon crassi folium var. traskice. Not a

single specimen was observed flying to any other plant and none

was beaten from any other plant. These specimens of fenyesi

differ from the typical form by being entirely immaculate and in

being more shining bronze.

Acmceodera plagiaticauda Horn

Seven specimens of this rare species were collected after hours

of beating manzanita shrubs {Arctostaphylos) . These specimens

present a considerable degree of variation from plagiaticauda of

other regions. The median lateral spot of the elytra is straw-

yellow in place of the usual red of more northern specimens.

Acmceodera jocosa Fall

Some 200 specimens of this beautiful species were taken. All

were swept out of the air as they hovered over Adenostoma fas-

ciculatum, or were collected from the tips of the branches of

APRIL, 1939]

WHITE — ACMAODERA

that plant. Not a single specimen was observed to light on any

other plant but this, although other species of plants often grew

so close as to have their branches mixed with those of the

Adenostoma.

Acmaodera adenostoma Cazier

The author collected 30 specimens of this species and ap-

proximately 30 more were taken by the other members. The

preferred plant, as the name implies, is the chamise, Adeno-

stoma fasciculatum. This species greatly resembles jocosa in

markings and was taken with that species on the same plant.

Acmaodera coquilletti Fall

Over 50 specimens of this pretty species were collected from

Quercus dumosa. They were not observed on any other plant.

Acmaeodera holsteni White, new species

Moderate sized; dark chocolate bronze; broad and somewhat

depressed, the sides of body parallel to apical third of elytra;

elytra with a series of three transverse lateral spots, the anterior

spot largest and yellow, located medianly and internally curved

forward, the mid-spot smaller and red externally, the posterior

spot subapical, small and reddish marginally. The dorsum moder-

ately covered with rather long, erect, light gray and fuscous hairs,

somewhat recumbent over apices of elytra.

Head densely covered with medium sized punctures ; upper

portion densely covered with erect dark hairs, the lower por-

tion immediately above clypeus more sparsely covered with shorter

whitish hair. Antennae finely pubescent, the last seven seg-

ments broadly serrate, extending back as far as basal third

of pronotum. Pronotum as wide as base of elytra and a

little less than twice as wide as long, 7:4; evenly, moderately

punctured on the disk, the punctures increasing in size laterally;

lateral margin gradually, evenly rounded to apical angle; a

median, shallow carina extending from base to apical third; a

conspicuous shallow fovea near basal angles; surface relatively

densely clothed with long, erect, dark and light hairs which are

much shortened at apical angles; basal margin reflexed ventrally

so as to be visible only from a lateral view. Elytra each with a

median lateral kidney-shaped spot yellow, extending from margin

two-thirds of the distance to suture; another spot at apical fourth

narrower, externally red, extending from margin three-fourths

of the way to suture; a third subapical spot more red than yellow;

elytral intervals smooth on the disk, laterally rugose, first three

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XV, NO. 2

striaa consisting of well defined circular punctures basally but be-

coming elongate posteriorly, finally coalescing into a narrow

groove at the middle and extending thus to apex, the intervals

with a row of fine punctures with a single hair arising from each;

umbone conspicuous. Body beneath bronze; evenly punctured ex-

cept at base of first ventral segment which is more coarsely punc-

tured; latero- ventral area between second and third pairs of legs

and especially near elytral margin covered with long white hair;

prosternum trisinuate with strong cusps. Length, 9mm.; breadth,

3:25 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, collected at Sunset

Valley, Santa Barbara County, California, July 4, 1938. Four

hundred paratypes, mostly collected by Mr. George H. Holsten

and the author on Adenostoma fasciculatum at the same locality

and on the following dates: July 4, 1937, July 4, 1938, and

July 16, 1938. A few specimens were also collected by Mr. M. A.

Cazier, Mr. V. L. Woolley, and Mr. Robert Zaph, all from the

above locality. A single specimen was collected by Mr. C. D.

Michener at the Frances Simes Hastings Natural History Reser-

vation at Jamesburg, Monterey County, California, June 13, 1938,

elevation 1900-2700 feet (Santa Lucia Mts.). A specimen

labeled, “San Gabriel Mts. Cal., VI-1920” and one labeled,

“Pasadena, Cal., VI-10-1916” are in the Cazier collection. Para-

types are deposited in the collections of the following men: Mr.

Frank Parker, Mr. C. A. Frost, Mr. J. J. du Bois, Dr. H. C. Fall,

Mr. Mont Cazier, Mr. H. B. Leech, Mr. Robert Zaph, Mr. V. L.

Woolley, Mr. M. Embury, and in the California Academy of

Sciences.

It is with great pleasure that this species is named after Mr.

Holsten, who so kindly aided the author in collecting most of the

above-mentioned specimens.

Acmceodera holsteni has been confused with several other

species, particularly coquilletti and angelica. Holsteni differs

from coquilletti by being darker (chocolate bronze), while the

latter has a highly shining, brassy dorsal surface. Holsteni is

also broader, more depressed, and more blunt apically. There

are also good differences in the structure of the subgenital

plates in the females of the three species (see figures). From

angelica, holsteni differs by having the dorsal surface smooth.

Angelica typically has the dorsal surface shining black, has a

APRIL, 1939]

WHITE— ACMcEODERA

different structure and placement of the spots, is less depressed,

and has the apices of the elytra more pointed, and the margins

of the pronotum less evenly rounded apically than in holsteni.

Holsteni is constant in all characters but the spots. Occa-

sional specimens have an additional sub-basal yellow spot on

each elytron. Other specimens have been observed with a con-

siderable reduction in the size of the spots. The sexes can be

distinguished only by dissection.

stylus

Fig. 1, Acmoeodera coquilletti Fall, subgenital plate of female;

2, A. holsteni White, n. sp., same; and 3, A. angelica Fall,

same.

AcMcEODERA ANGELICA Fall

Several specimens of this variable species were taken from

Cer cocar pus hetuliodes.

Acmceodera angelica nexa Fall

Over one hundred specimens of this form were collected

along with angelica on Cer cocar pus hetuliodes.

Acmjeodera hepburni LeConte

This species occurred abundantly on the flowers of Erio-

dictyon crassifolium var. traskice as well as on various other

flowers, particularly a small yellow-flowered composite.

Acmceodera quadriseriata Fall

This species, though not common, was taken on a variety of

flowers. It was found most abundantly on the above-mentioned

yellow composite.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

Acivleodera acuta LeConte

Numerous specimens were swept from the yellow-flowered

composite along with hepburni, quadriseriata, and gemina. These

specimens differ considerably from the usual acuta in their

smaller average size, the reduction of the markings of the elytra,

and by their stronger brassy lustre.

Acm^eodera connexa LeConte

Only a few of this otherwise common and well-known species

were collected. They were found on various flowers, including

milkweed (Asclepias) .

Acm^eodera prorsa Fall

More than fifty examples of this beautiful species were col-

lected from Eriodictyon crassifolium var. traskice. On the last

trip when the blossoms of the Eriodictyon were found to be

dried upi, eight specimens of prorsa were caught flying about the

blossoms of Photinia.

Acm^eodera sinuata Van Dyke

This strikingly distinctive species was apparently rare.

However fifteen specimens were taken, and all were from Cerco-

carpus betuliodes.

Acivleodera dohrni Horn

These specimens are here called dohrni only tentatively.

They differ from the description of that species in several fea-

tures and a definite decision cannot be made before they are

compared with the type. Fourteen examples were collected from

the Cercocarpus betuliodes.

AcMjEODERA MARIPOSA BERNARDINO Van Dyke

A dozen specimens were taken from Cercocarpus betuliodes.

A few of the specimens are more brassy and are lighter colored

than the specimens described by Van Dyke, but they are similar

in markings and other characteristics.

APRIL, 1939]

WHITE — ACMiEODERA

Acm^odera dolorosa Fall

Two specimens of this species were taken in flight.

Acm^odera postica Fall

Twenty specimens of this rather uncommon species were

beaten from Cer cocar pus betuliodes.

Acm^odera guttifera LeConte

Ten examples were caught flying about and resting on the

small dead twigs of Cer cocar pus betuliodes.

Acm^odera gemina Horn

Several specimens of both the vittate and the mottled form

( nebulosa Horn) were collected in flight, on dry grass, and on

the small yellow-flowered composite.

Biology of Vespine Wasps

A Contribution to the Biology of North American Vespine

Wasps. C. D. Duncan, Stanford Univ. Publ. Biol. Sci., Vol.

VIII, No. 1, 272 pages, LIV plates, 1939. Price, paper, $2.50;

cloth, $3.25.

The accumulated observations, dissections, and experiments

of twenty years have been brought together in excellent style in

this combined morphological, systematic, and biological account

of the vespine wasps. Sixty-eight pages and thirty-two plates

are devoted exclusively to a detailed account and portrayal of

the skeletal and muscular morphology of the Western yellow-

jacket, Vespula pensylvanica (Sauss.). A high standard of per-

fection has been attained in delineation of morphological details

and in the labeling and reproduction of plates.

Systematically, three genera are recognized and defined on

the basis of structural and biological characteristics, namely Vespa

Linnaeus, Vespula Thom., and Dolichovespula Rohwer.

The biological section deals with “habits, behavior, nest build-

ing, and life history” of various species of Vespime including

descriptions of the immature stages of Vespula pensylvanica.

This section is profusely illustrated with fifty-eight separate

photographs of nests and nesting sites, excellently reproduced by

the collotype process.

Dr. Duncan has shown, in this work, what can be accomplished

by intensive and enlightened research, even on the commonest of

insects. — R. L. Usinger.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XV, NO. 2

TAXONOMY OF THE TYPICAL SUBGENUS ODYNERUS

IN NORTH AMERICA

(Hymenoptera, Vesidas)

BY RICHARD M. BOHART

University of California, Los Angeles

Since the publications by S. A. Rohwer on Odynerus, this

large and systematically complex genus has been relatively neg-

lected in America. The excellent work of J. Bequaert constitutes

an outstanding exception to this statement, but his papers lay

emphasis more on the eastern than on the western species.

The author recently had the opportunity of studying the

more important collections of Odynerus in this country, and this

paper is the first of a series to be published on the genus.

Acknowledgment is gratefully made to the U. S. National

Museum, California Academy of Sciences, Washington State Col-

lege, and Joseph Bequaert for the loan of material used in this

study.

Odynerus Latreille, sensu stricto

Odynerus Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., 3:362.

Epigone Kirby and Spence, 1818. Intr. Ent., 1:34.

Oplopus Wesmael, 1836. Bull, Acad. Sci. Belg., 3:45.

Oplomerus Westwood, 1840. Intro. Mod. Class Ins., Synopis, 2:84.

Hoplomerus C. G. Thomson, 1874. Skandinaviens Hymenoptera

3(1) :35, 41.

Type: Vespa spinipes Linneus, 1758.

The typical subgenus Odynerus is abundant in the Palearctic

realm but is represented in North America by only a few rare

species found in Canada and western United States. Some of

these, however, are among the most bizarrely colored members

of the genus. Odynerus sensu stricto is not easily separable

from the subgenus Rygchium, as many intermediate forms exist.

Two North American species which fall in this category are

aldrichi Fox and morelius Sauss. (— nigrohirsutus Cameron

and canamexicus Rohwer) . On the basis of the character of

the front face of the pronotum, however, aldrichi can be

retained in Odynerus sensu stricto while morelius falls in

Rygchium. To the author’s knowledge, the characters of the

front face of the pronotum in eumenids have not heretofore been

APRIL, 1939]

BOHART— ODYNERUS

recognized as of systematic value. As this area is usually ob-

scured by the head, the latter should be pulled slightly forward

and downward in the process of mounting.

The following sum of characters will distinguish the North

American species of the typical subgenus as defined in this paper :

Vertical front of the pronotum with faint, widely separated pits

or depressions (compare figs. 13 and 14) ; male antennae usually

rolled apically rather than hooked; first abdominal tergite with-

out a transverse carina at its summit; second tergite with rela-

tively uniform puncturation and little or no subapical depression.

On the basis of the absence of a carina on the first tergite

Odvnerus sensu stricto readily can be separated from Ancistro-

cerus, Symmorphus, and Alastoroides. Furthermore, it can

easily be distinguished from Stenodynerus (including Paran-

cistrocerus ) by the presence in the latter of large, deep, approxi-

mate pits on the vertical front of the pronotum (fig. 14).

Key to the Subgenus Odynerus of North America

1. Mesonotum without evident notaulices; predominantly black

and yellow or black and white species 2

-. Mesonotum with sharply impressed notaulices usually run-

ning the entire length of the scutum; predominantly black

and bright orange-red species 3

2. With a sharp, complete carina on the anterior margin of the

dorsal surface of the pronotum; with a complete whitish band

across the scutellum and postscutellum ; erect hair on the

horizontal surface of the first tergite less than the length of

an ocellus; male antennae hooked, hardly rolled; male mandi-

ble and clypeus as in figure 5 aldrichi

-. Without a complete carina on the anterior margin of the

dorsal surface of the pronotum; usually male only with whitish

bands across the scutellum and postscutellum; erect hair on

the horizontal surface of the first tergite longer than the

length of an ocellus ; male antennae greatly flattened and rolled

apically; male mandible and clypeus as in figure 6; male

middle femur strongly serrate dilectus

3. Pronotum with a fairly sharply rounded front margin, lateral

angles bluntly pointed; red coloration on first five abdominal

segments; wings in female dark brown violaceous; female

vertex with two distinct postocellar pits; male middle femur

with a sharp sub-basal carina bordering a shallow concavity;

terminal segments of male antennas large and well coiled;

male clypeus and mandible as in figure 8 erythrogaster

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XV, NO. 2

Pronotum without a sharp front margin, smoothly rounded off;

lateral angles of pronotum rounded off, not projecting; wings

in female lightly stained with brown; depressions on female

vertex almost or quite obsolete; terminal segments of male

antennae small; male middle femur without a basal con-

cavity or ridge 4

4. Dorsum of thorax completely black; first two abdominal seg-

ments (at most) with red coloration; hair on second tergite

about as long basally as apically; female clypeus black; male

clypeus whitish-silvered; male antennae rolled apically.

margaretellus

-. Pronotal angles and tegulae red-spotted; first four abdominal

segments (at least) with red coloration; hair on apex of second

tergite much shorter than at base; female clypeus orange-red;

male antennae not rolled apically cinnabarinus

Odynerus aldrichi Fox

(Figs. 1, 5, 9, 13)

Odynerus aldrichi Fox, 1892. Ent. News, 3:197 (type, U. S. N. M.).

Male. Black; mandible, clypeus, a line from the clypeus to

emargination of eye, frontal spot, first antennal segment partly,

a post-ocular spot, front margin of pronotum, tegula except a

central spot, small spot on mesopleuron, complete stripe across

both scutellum and postscutellum, legs for the most part, apical

margins of abdominal tergites one to six, the first with a squarish

attached lateral spot, and apical margin of sternites two to six,

whitish; antennse beneath and last two segments entirely, stains

on femora and tarsi, anterior margins of wings, and stains on

first abdominal segment, ferruginous. Body clothed with very

short pubescence, clypeus not silky but almost glabrous, erect hair

on horizontal portion of first tergite less than the length of an

ocellus. Head and thorax coarsely, closely punctured; propodeum

coarsely punctured except in the weakly striate enclosure which

has definite inferior and weak exterior carinate margins; abdom-

inal tergites with large, well separated punctures; mesoscutum

without notaulices. Antennse as in figure nine, clypeus and man-

dible as in figure five, genitalia as in figure one. Length to apex

of second tergite, 7-9 mm.

Female. Markings as in male with following exceptions: An-

tennse black, clypeus black except for two pale basal spots, man-

dible black except at base, first five abdominal tergites and sec-

ond sternite with apical whitish bands, legs black basally, femora,

tibise, and tarsi mostly ferruginous. Clypeus about as long as

broad, weakly incised apically, latero-apical edges convex; vertex

with a median semi-circular depression. Length to apex of second

tergite, 9 mm.

Fig. 1, aldrichi, male genitalia, dorsal; fig. 2, dilectus, male

genitalia dorsal; fig. 3, mar gave tellus, male genitalia, dorsal; fig.

4, erythrog aster, male genitalia, dorsal; fig. 5, aldrichi, male

clypeus and mandible; fig. 6, dilectus, male clypeus and mandi-

ble; fig. 7, margaretellus, apex of male antenna; fig. 8, erythro-

gaster, male clypeus and mandible; fig. 9, aldrichi, apex of male

antenna; fig. 10, dilectus, apex of male antenna; fig. 11, cinna-

barinus, apex of male antenna; fig. 12, er ythrog aster , apex of

male antenna; fig. 13, aldrichi, front face of pronotum; fig. 14,

Stenodynerus sp., front face of pronotum; fig. 15, dilectus, male

middle femur and tibia, lateral; fig. 16, erythrog aster, male middle

femur and tibia, lateral.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

Paratypes of this species are in the Academy of Natural

Sciences at Philadelphia and at the U. S. National Museum. The

data on the entire type series is Brookings, South Dakota, May

and June, 1891. Additional records are as follows: One male,

near Denver Glacier, Skagway, Alaska, July 1, 1923 (J. A.

Kusche) ; three females, Grand Coulee, Washington, June, 1902;

one female, Silver Bow County, Montana, August, 1937; males,

Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, July, 1937 (J. McSwain) ;

one male, Estes Park, Colorado, July 12, 1923 (R. A. Leussler) ;

two females, Colorado (Snow collection, University of Kansas).

O. aldrichi is readily recognized by the whitish banded scu-

tellum and postscutellum in combination with the short pubes-

cence on the first abdominal tergite. Specimens of a Chinese

Odynerus in the collection of the U. S. National Museum appear

to be identical with aldrichi. If this should prove to be the case,

an earlier name may have to be used. In any event, the origin of

this species in Asia and its distribution along the Rocky Moun-

tains by way of Alaska is indicated.

Odynerus dilectus Saussure

(Figs. 2, 6, 10)

Odynerus dilectus Sauss., 1870. Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 22:141.

Odynerus ( Epiponus ) dilectus Sauss., 1875. Sm. Misc. Coll., Vol.

14, 254:363.

Male. Black; mandible, clypeus, underside of antennal seg-

ments one and two, frontal spot, inner orbit below emargination

of eye, postocular spot, front margin of pronotum, complete bands

across scutellum and postscutellum, femora partly, tibiae mostly,

tarsi at base, apical margins of first six abdominal tergites and

second and third sternites, pale yellow; third to seventh segments

of antenna beneath, wing veins and tarsi apically, ferruginous.

Pubescence of head and thorax long, sparse, and black; upper

half of clypeus sparsely pubescent; erect hairs on horizontal por-

tion of first tergite three times as long as an ocellus; abdomen

clothed with minute, appressed pubescence in addition to the erect

hair on the first tergite. Head and thorax closely, moderately

punctured, tending to become longitudinally striate on head below

ocelli; propodeum obscurely and finely striate; abdomen minutely

punctured throughout, antenna tightly coiled apically, the last

segment about three times as long as wide at base; mandible

three-toothed, basal tooth molar-like and followed by a deep in-

cision (fig. 6) ; clypeus deeply and widely incised at apex; pro-

notal angles small but distinct; mesonotum without notaulices;

APRIL, 1939]

BOHART— ODYNERUS

inferior edge of middle femur three-toothed; basal half of middle

tibia strongly constricted (fig. 15) ; propodeum without carinse;

genitalia as in figure two. Length to apex of second tergite,

7-8 mm.

Female. Markings as in male with following exceptions: Pale

coloration whitish, only first four abdominal tergites banded,

fourth interrupted at middle; clypeus, mandible, antenna, scutel-

lum except for a small lateral spot, postcutellum, legs for the

most part, black. Clypeus not closely but coarsely puctured, apex

slightly and broadly emarginate; vertex with a well defined ob-

lique pit behind each posterior ocellus. Length to apex of second

tergite, 8 mm.

This species can be recognized at once by the extraordinary

serrate middle femora of the male. The only species with which

it might be confused is the European spinipes (Linn.). In the

latter, however, the last antennal segment in the male is less

than twice as long as broad at the base. Also, the basal tooth

of the middle femur is more slender in the latter. Otherwise the

two species are extremely similar. Specimens of dilectus are in

the U. S. National Museum collection from New Mexico, Colo-

rado, and Edmonton and Banff, Canada. Additional records

are: Two females, Coupeville, Washington, April 30, 1898; one

male, Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake, Oregon, May 23, 1924 (C. L.

Fox) .

Odynerus erythrogaster Bohart, new name

(Figs. 4, 8, 12, 16)

Monobia bicolor Provancher, 1888. Add. Faune Hymen, Canada,

Suppl. p. 429 (nec Odynerus bicolor Saussure, 1856).

Male. Black; clypeus except marginally, a post-ocular spot, and

usually apical margins of first to fifth tergites, whitish yellow;

lateral spot on pronotum (not always present), femora apically,

tibiaa and tarsi entirely, abdominal tergites one to five except the

apical margins and median basal black spots on tergites one to

three, sternite one partly, sternite two entirely, and sternites three

and four mostly, bright orange-red; wing heavily brown-stained

especially around the margins. Head, thorax, first and second

abdominal sternites, first tergite and base of second, covered with

erect, long, black hair; clypeus also with appressed, silvery

pubescence; abdominal sternites three to six with dense, fulvous

pubescence especially toward the center. Head and thorax coarsely

punctured, more sparsely on thorax, becoming obsolete on posterior

face of propodeum; abdomen minutely punctured. Antenna coiled

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

at apex, last segment less than twice as long as broad at base

and strongly flattened and curved; clypeus and mandible as in

figure eight. Thorax as viewed from above about one-third longer

than broad; pronotum with a fairly sharply rounded front margin,

lateral angles bluntly pointed; thorax flattened dorsally beginning

at middle of mesoscutum; mesoscutum with well defined notau-

lices; middle femur with a flattened area at base (fig. 16) ; first

abdominal sternite with a faint median basal suture; genitalia as

in figure four. Length to apex of second tergite, 9-11 mm.

Female. Markings as in male with following exceptions:

Clypeus entirely black, no yellowish bands margining abdominal

tergites, only the first five tergites with red coloration, wings

more darkly brown-stained and distinctly violaceous. Pubescence

as in male except on clypeus which is without appressed pubes-

cence. Clypeus with a sharp, straight apical truncation of mod-

erate breadth; with an oblique foveate depression behind each

posterior ocellus. Length to apex of second tergite, 9-10 mm.

This species had gone unrecognized until the type, acquired by

the U. S. National Museum with the Coquillet collection, was

identified by J. Bequaert as an Odynerus. Together with mar-

gar etellus and cinnabarinus, it forms a peculiar group of hairy,

black and orange-red Odynerus. The red coloration is not dis-

similar to that caused by overexposure to cyanide fumes but is

brighter and more intense. In addition to their pubescence and

coloration these three species are unique in having deeply im-

pressed notaulices. At present srythrogaster is known only from

southern California where it frequents the sides of dry canyons.

The following records are available: One male, Coalinga, May

14, 1938 (M. Cazier) ; one female and two males, Los Angeles

County; one female, Los Angeles County (D. W. Coquillet,

holotype) ; one female, Soboba Springs, Riverside County, June

3, 1917 (E. P. Van Duzee) ; live females, Riverside, May (P. H.

Timberlake) ; one female, Edom, Riverside County, March 14,

1937 (E. G. Linsley) .

Odynerus margaretellus Rohwer

(Figs. 3, 7)

Odynerus margaretellus Rohwer, 1916. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

49:242 (holotype, U. S. N. M.).

Male. Black; clypeus whitish yellow; femora partly, tibia and

tarsi entirely, first two abdominal tergites except at base, first

four sternites mostly, bright orange-red; wings moderately brown-

stained around the margins. Head, thorax, and abdomen except

third and following sternites clothed with long, black, erect hairs;

APRIL, 1939]

BOHART— odynerus

clypeus also silvery pubescent; third and following- sternites with

thick fulvous pubescence toward the center and black hair toward

the sides. Head and thorax coarsely punctured, posterior face

of propodeum finely punctured, hardly striate; abdomen minutely

punctured. Antenna loosely coiled at apex, last segment strongly

flattened and about twice as long as wide at the base; mandible

obscurely five-toothed, about as in figure eight; clypeus angularly

emarginate at apex, about as in figure eight. Thorax, as viewed

from above, about as long as broad at the tegulas; pronotum

smoothly rounded off, lateral angles rounded off, not projecting;

mesoscutum with well defined notaulices; scutellum not flattened

on top, convex. Median basal suture of second abdominal sternite

obsolete or absent; genitalia as in figure three, the asdeagus greatly

expanded and truncate apically. Length to apex of second tergite,

8 mm.

Female. Markings as in male with the following exceptions:

Clypeus black, third and following abdominal sternites black.

Clypeus coarsely and sparsely punctured, clothed only with long

black hairs, angularly emarginate at apex. Vertex with a tiny,

almost indistinguishable, pubescent pit behind each posterior

ocellus. Length to apex of second tergite, 9 mm.

The characteristic which makes this species outstanding is

that at most the first two abdominal tergites are marked with

red. It is easily separated from erytlirogaster by the much

darker wings and more pointed prothoracic angles of the latter.

The male genitalia are also very different. Records of the

species are: One female, Asotin, Washington, April 15, 1923

(V. Argo) ; one female, North Yakima, Washington, May 27,

1903 (Eldred Jenne) ; one male and one female, Klamath Falls,

Oregon, May 10, 1924 (C. L. Fox) ; one female, Blitzen Valley,

Harney County, Oregon, April 19, 1936 (S. G. Jewett) ; type

series, one female and two males, Troublesome, Colorado, alti-

tude 7,345 feet, June 8, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer) .

Odynerus cinnabarinus Bohart, new species

(Fig. 11)

Male. Black; clypeus yellowish; a small postocular spot, a

large spot laterally at the pronotal angle, tegula, femora mostly,

tibiae and tarsi entirely, and first five abdominal segments except

for basal black spots at the middle of tergites one to three, bright

orange-red. Wings slightly stained with brown especially around

the margins. Head, thorax, and first abdominal segment sparsely

covered with long black hair; black hair on second and following

tergites averaging only about two and one-half ocellus lengths,

that on second sternite longer; third and following sternites very

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XV, NO. 2

sparsely covered with black hair but with thick golden pile toward

the middle; clypeus, in addition to black hair, with thick yel-

lowish-silver appressed pubescence; abdomen and legs with minute

golden pubescence. Head and thorax strongly punctured, becom-

ing less dense on thorax, almost obsolete on propodeum; abdo-

men minutely punctured. Antenna intermediate between rolled

and hooked types (fig. 11), last segment about twice as long as

broad at base; mandibles five- toothed, the two basal teeth almost

indistinguishable; clypeus about as long as broad, with two sharp

teeth on either side of angular apical emargination (mandible

and clypeus about as in fig. 8). Thorax, as viewed from above,

about as long as broad at tegulse, front margin of pronotum and

pronotal angles completely rounded off; mesonotum with notaulices

deeply impressed; scutellum convex; propodeum without carinse

setting off enclosure. Second sternite with a faint, almost obo-

lete, basal median suture; genitalia stout, tips of squamae bent

inward and crossing each other, volsella slender as viewed dor-

sally but triangular, plate-like, as viewed laterally, aedeagus

truncate apically and inflated, with sharp median dorsal ridge

and depressed sides (proportions from dorsal view about as in fig.

3). Length to apex of second tergite, 10 mm.

Female. Coloration, pubescence and puncturation as in male

with the following exceptions : Clypeus bright orange-red, glabrous

except for erect, long, black hair; golden pubescence on abdomen

less prominent; third and following sternites without unusually

long fulvous pile. Length to apex of second tergite, 11 mm.

Although very close to margaretellus, cinnabarinus can be

separated by its more extensive red coloration, the shorter pubes-

cence, and the less strongly rolled antennae of the male. It

resembles erythrogaster in abdominal coloration but the more

prominent pronotal angles of the latter are an easy means of

differentiation. At present the species is known from Utah,

California, Arizona, and Texas.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and twelve male and four

female paratypes, Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County, Utah,

June; one male paratype, Death Valley, California; one female

paratype, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona (C. D. Duncan) ;

one male paratype, Belton, Texas, April (holotype and allotype

donated by J. Bequaert, paratypes from collection of U. S. Na-

tional Museum and collection of author) . Holotype and allo-

type to be deposited in the California Academy of Sciences,

paratypes in the U. S. National Museum, Academy of Natural

Sciences at Philadelphia, University of Kansas, collection of

J. Bequaert, and collection of the author.

APRIL, 1939]

CAZIER— NOTES ON SCHIZOPUS

NOTES ON THE GENUS SCHIZOPUS WITH A KEY

TO THE SPECIES

(Coleoptera, Buprestidae)

BY MONT A. CAZIER

University of California, Berkeley

During the past two years, specimens of this rare and

phylogenetically important genus have been taken in consider-

able numbers and various new and interesting facts have been

observed. There are only two described species in the genus, one

of which, Schizopus sallei Horn, has been known only from the

unique female type and the other, Schizopus laetus Lee., from an

occasional but rare specimen.

It was early observed that in laetus there was a good deal of

sexual dimorphism, the male having the elytra brownish-testa-

ceous, the female brilliant blue or green. Most taxonomists

interested in this genus have been looking for the male of sallei

in order to see what the sexual dimorphism would be, in as much

as the female was known to have the elytra brownish-testaceous

similar to the male of laetus. It was the good fortune of Mr.

I. M. Ferguson and J. R. Warren, collecting at Mariposa, Mari-

posa County, California, on the summer 49 course of the Uni-

versity of California to obtain two specimens each of this rare

species. One specimen collected was a male and has disclosed

the astonishing fact that there is very little sexual dimorphism

in this species. The differences between male and female will be

pointed out in a brief description of the male which, to the

author’s knowledge, has never before been described.

Schizopus sallei Horn

Male similar to the female except for the venter of the ab-

domen which has the lateral margins not withdrawn from edge of

elytra, the apical sternite shallowly emarginate at tip and the

color dark cupreous-green with faint brownish tinges. In the

female, the lateral margins of the abdomen are withdrawn from

the edge of the elytra, the apical sternite is evenly rounded at tip

and the under-surface is mottled brownish-testaceous. In the

male, the dark brown vittse extending from the humeral umbones

do not reach the tip of the elytra, while in the female at hand

they reach the tip but are narrowed in front. These markings are

probably as variable as in the males of laetus which may have

the green or blue sutural vittee lacking or very broad. There are,

however, no indications of humeral vittse in laetus although in a

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

female specimen of sallei there are pronounced brown sutural

vittse as well as humeral vittse.

Type locality, “Mariposa, Cala.” (Horn, 1885) . The male

described above taken three miles south of Mariposa, about one

mile south of Mormon Bar, June 13, 1938. It was collected

within 25 yards of a small stream, on flowers of a species of

Compositae and on grass.

In the early spring (April 30) of 1937 Mr. Hugh B. Leech,

P. C. Ting and the author made a collecting trip to the Mojave

Desert and obtained a good series of both males and females of

laetus at Cronise Lake and Ludlow, San Bernardino County,

California. These specimens were taken on the flowers of Geraea

canescens, were very sluggish and were not observed in flight.

During the same season it was understood that several other col-

lectors took good series of this species in the same region. Col-

lecting trips to this region at about the same season in previous

years have failed to yield specimens of this genus, showing that

the unusually wet spring of 1937 was apparently very favorable

for Schizopus, as it was also for Scarabaeidae.

Since both species are very similar structurally, it will be

necessary to rely upon color to distinguish between them in the

key to follow. As far as known there is no integradation in

the coloration and, since it is the most readily discernible char-

acter, it will be freely used.

KEY TO SPECIES

Pronotum dark brown to testaceous, femora brown to testaceous,

elytra with humeral vittae sallei

Pronotum brilliant blue, green or cupreous-green, femora blue,

green or cupreous-green, elytra without indication of humeral

vittae laetus

The writer wishes to express his gratitude to both Mr. Fergu-

son and Mr. Warren for two specimens of sallei and for informa-

tion concerning the exact habitat from which they were taken.

Stratiomyid Fly Larvae in Honey Bees’ Nests

On February 1, 1939, Miss Nora K. Morres of the Santa

Barbara Museum sent me some dipterous larvae which were in-

vading a house from an old bees’ nest which had been estab-

lished in the chimney. Recently one of these emerged. It

proved to be Hermetria illucens Linn., a European species, now

well established here and there in this country. — Edwin C. Van

Dyke.

APRIL, 1939]

DRAKE — TINGITIDA5 FROM AUSTRALIA

THREE NEW SPECIES OF TINGITID/E (HEMIPTERA)

FROM AUSTRALIA

BY CARL J. DRAKE

Iowa State College, Ames

The present paper contains the descriptions of three species

of lace bugs from Australia. The types are in the Drake

collection.

Cysteochila hackeri Drake, n. sp.

Head reddish brown, with five, short, testaceous spines. An-

tennae yellowish brown, moderately long; segment one short,

stouter and slightly longer than two; three long, slender, slightly

more than three times as long as four. Rostrum long, dark brown,

extending between hind coxae; rostral channel narrow, open be-

hind. Legs rather short, reddish brown, clothed with numerous

pale, bristle-like hairs.

Pronotum concealed on each side by the reflexed and inflated

paranota, the triangular process reticulate; collar faintly raised,

reticulate; median carina moderately raised, uniseriate; lateral

carinae visible on triangular process, uniseriate, slightly divari-

cating posteriorly; paranota large, reflexed and inflated, conceal-

ing disc on each side of pronotum but not covering median carina,

brown. Elytra grayish brown, some nervelets infuscate, con-

stricted beyond middle; costal area very narrow, the areolae very

small, with several small black-fuscous spots; subcostal area

biseriate, the areolae large; discoidal area large, the nervure sep-

arating it from subcostal area curved and with a raised, black

place a little before the apex, the areolae rather large and five

deep in widest part, the nervure between discoidal and sutural

areas sharply raised. Length, 3.90 mm.; width, 1.00 mm.

Holotype, female, Melrose, Australia, A. M. Lea; paratype,

Murray Bridge, and two paratypes, Parachilna Flanders Range,

E. L. Savage.

The hair on legs and the raised nervure separating discoidal

and sutural areas are distinguishing characters. It is very dis-

tinct from other members of the genus known to occur in Aus-

tralia. C. constantis (Drake) is a larger species with higher

paranotal cysts.

Dicysta cara Drake, n. sp.

Large, testaceous, some of the nervelets embrowned. Head

brown, concealed by anterior cyst, the spines short, testaceous and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

appressed. Bucculas not meeting in front. Rostrum long, brown,

dark at tip, extending to end of sulcus. Antennae slender, testa-

ceous; segment one long, three times as long 1 as two; three long,

twice as long as four. Legs long, slender, yellowish brown.

Pronotum convex, finely pitted, grayish brown, the lateral

carinae wanting; paranota large, circular in outline, shaped like

a shallow bowl, reflexed upright, testaceous, the nervelets em-

browned. Hood large, high, rounded from above, testaceous; hind

cyst large, narrowed at summit; foliaceous median carina arising

a little below middle of hind margin of hood, sharply raised,

slightly higher and attached to the summit of hind cyst. Elytra

very broad, strongly widened at base, testaceous, widely reticulate,

with large tumid elevations, the outer margin finely serrate; costal

area very broad, with fine areoke in widest part. Length, 3.65 mm.;

width, 2.40 mm.

Holotype (female), allotype (male) and eight paratypes,

Maleny, Queensland, January 10, 1929, collected by H. Hacker.

In some of the specimens the nervelets near the margin of elytra

are considerably embrowned.

Dicysta parilis sp. nov.

Color, form, size and markings very similar to D. car a n. sp.,

but readily distinguishable by its large cysts of nearly equal size

and the membrane connecting them which is not arched and not

as high as the hind cyst. The cysts are also closer together.

Other characters very similar to D. car a. Length, 3.65 mm.;

width, 3.35 mm.

Holotype, female, Mackay, Queensland, June 10, 1932, col-

lected by W. A. McDougall. This species and D. cara are very

typical members of the genus Dicysta Champion and the first

records of the genus in Australia.

Continental Drift

Our Wandering Continents. Alexander L. Du Toit. Edin-

burgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd., 1937, pp. xii+366, 48 figs. 18 s net.

In this volume the author has brought together the evidence

of Taylor, Wegener, van der Gracht, and others and has added

materially to this from his own extensive researches on both sides

of the Atlantic. The result is a comprehensive and convincing,

although heterodox, picture of earth history which strikes at the

very foundations of geology.

Du Toit meets problems squarely, answers criticisms, points

out weaknesses on both sides of the question and, in general, has

given us an excellent summary of one of the theories which may

have profoundly influenced the distribution of insects. — R. L.

Usinger.

APRIL, 1939]

DE LEON— EPINOTIA MERIT ANA

AN OUTBREAK OF A NEEDLEMINER, EPINOTIA

MERITANA, IN WHITE FIR

(Lepidoptera, Olethreutidae)

BY DONALD DE LEON

Berkeley, California

A heavy, localized outbreak of the needleminer ( Epinotia

meritana Heinrich) in white fir [Abies concolor (Gordon) Parry]

was found by Junior Forester L. J. Farmer and the writer on

Escalante Summit near Escalante, Garfield County, Utah, on

June 10, 1937. Hitherto this species seems to have been known

only from pine from Carbon County, Utah, and Victoria, B. C.

The needleminer was defoliating the fir on an area of about

ten square acres. Defoliation had apparently been going on for

four or five years, and many of the trees were practically dead.

The foliage of the more recently infested trees was very thin and

much that remained had a scorched appearance. Although trees

of all age classes were infested, the heaviest defoliation was of

trees of middle age.

Both the larval and pupal stages of the insect were present.

The larvae usually construct a loose web around several needles

and, at the time of observation, both the larvae and the pupae

were found chiefly in the needles which had separated from the

twigs but were held hanging to them by this web. There were

also many empty mined needles so held, as well as mined but

abandoned needles covering the ground. Needles mined by what

were apparently first instar larvae generally remained fast to the

twig without being held by any webbing; some of these needles

had died completely even though only partly mined, while others

had died in the mined area only, which, in the early stages, is

confined to the distal half of the needle.

The larvae are about 8 mm. long, greenish in color, with a

brownish head and a nearly black, sagittally separated, sclerotized

area on the caudal two-thirds of the pronotum. Some of the larvae,

however, had a lighter colored sclerotized area on the pronotum

but it is probable that they had but recently moulted. The pupae,

which were found only in the needles, are about 6 mm. long and

dark brown. The abdomen is somewhat lighter than the rest of

the insect. The dorsa of abdominal segments three to seven are

provided each with a transverse row of small spines one-third the

distance from the anterior and posterior margins respectively.

The spines of the posterior row are smaller and more numerous

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XV, NO. 2

than those of the anterior row. Abdominal segments two and

eight have the dorsa each with a single row of spines but the row

on segment two is composed of the finer sized spines and the row

on segment eight of the larger sized spines. The dorsa of ab-

dominal segments one and nine lack spines and the terminal seg-

ment is furnished with a row of four to five spines which are

larger than those on the other segments. Emergence of the

moths from material collected occurred previous to July 8, 1937.

The moths are grayish, mottled with nearly black scales some

of which have a metallic luster. The mottling is heavier at the

basal and apical thirds of the wing. The hind wing is leaden gray.

Larvae that were no doubt of this species were common through-

out the near-by Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, during the

latter part of May and June, 1937. In no place were there signs

of an outbreak but, because of what is happening outside of the

park, this insect should be considered a potential threat to the

stands of white fir within the park. Larvae and pupae were found

in the park as late as June 24, 1937. Pupae were present in

needles of both 1935 and 1936 growth.

This species was described in 1923 in Bulletin 123 of the

U. S. National Museum by Heinrich, who states that the material

he received was reared by Herbert J. Peck, from Carbon County,

Utah, where the larvae were mining the needles of pine. The

moths were reported to have issued in May and June, 1921.

Other specimens were received from Victoria, B. C.

Acknowledgments are made to Mr. H. H. Keifer of the Cali-

fornia State Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, who kindly

determined this species.

Obituary

Notice has recently been received of the death, on January

11, 1939, of B. Preston Clark at the age of 79 years. While

amassing the largest collection of Sphingidae in the world, Dr.

Clark generously augmented the principal collections of hawk

moths of this country from his extensive series. With this as-

sistance the collection of Sphingidae of the World in the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences now numbers 334 species.

Dr. Clark has likewise turned over a considerable amount of

material in other orders to western collections from the inci-

dental material picked up by his collectors, particularly by

J. August Kusche. — R. L. Usinger.

APRIL, 1939]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

THE HINDS COLLECTION OE THYSANOPTERA

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California, Davis

About 35 years ago the students of the order Thysanoptera in

North America could be counted on one hand. At the time that

the late W. E. Hinds published his monograph of the order

(1902) he was the leading taxonomist in this group of insects.

Following the appearance of this paper an increased interest

was shown in the taxonomy of thrips, at least judged by the mis-

cellaneous papers which were published by Franklin (1903-09),

Daniel (1904), Shull (1909), D. L. Crawford (1909-10), Back

(1912), P. R. Jones (1912), and Morgan (1913-1929), later fol-

lowed by articles from Treherne (1918-19) and Mason (1922-26).

In addition to these workers there were three others who have

been the leaders, namely Hood (1908- ) and Moulton (1907- ),

who have been publishing for about 30 years, and Watson, whose

papers have appeared since 1913, or 25 years.

In more recent years in the wake of Priesner’s monograph

on the Thysanoptera of Europe (1926-28), articles by Stein-

weden (1930-33), Watts (1934-35), Andre (1936), J. C. Craw-

ford (1938) and the writer (1931- ) have been published on

thrips. At the present time there are known to the writer at

least 12 students of this group of insects who are collecting,

studying, publishing, or contemplating publishing on North

American Thysanoptera. Without a doubt as time goes on there

will be more taxonomists in this group. Therefore, anything

that can be done to facilitate the work is to be encouraged. This

can be done by clearing up the synonymy of the older species

and illustrating them by means of improved optical equipment

as well as making available for study the types of various scattered

collections.

For these reasons, during the past summer the writer visited

Amherst, Massachusetts, to study and catalog the Hinds collec-

tion, deposited at the Department of Entomology of Massachusetts

State College 1 . Hinds stated in his monograph (page 80), “Of

the new species described in this paper, a complete set of types

has been deposited in the Massachusetts Agricultural College;

1 This study was made possible through the kindness of Prof. C. P. Alexander.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV, NO. 2

a set of cotypes, so far as they exist, has been deposited in the

United States National Museum; a third set of cotypes I have

retained for my own use, and the remainder I have also deposited

in the Massachusetts Agricultural College.”

In correspondence with the writer (December, 1935) Hinds

stated that his own collection was lost by fire in 1926. As far

as is known to the writer, the specimens sent to Washington,

D. C., have been incorporated with those of Pergande, Morgan,

and Franklin in the rapidly growing collection of thrips under

the direction of the Taxonomic Division of the Bureau of Ento-

mology and Plant Quarantine. In addition to the specimens

collected and mounted by Hinds himself, were those he obtained

from Franklin, D. L. Crawford, Beach and Hooker. Through

the efforts and generosity of J. D. Hood and J. C. Crawford many

additional specimens have been added in recent years to the orig-

inal Amherst collection, which now totals about 95 species.

For the benefit of those interested in Thysanoptera and to identify

the original Hinds’ collection as an important taxonomic entity,

a complete list of the specimens is here presented.

The following new species 2 were described by Hinds:

*Aeolothrips bicolor — 6323

C'hirothrips crassus — 6324

Chirothrips obesus — 6325

Limothrips avanse — 6326

Sericothrips cingulatus — 6327

*j Euthrips fuscus — 6328

Euthrips nicotianse — 8434

*Rhaphidothrips fuscipennis — 6329

*He liothrips fasciapennis — 6330

Trichothrips ambitus

Trichothrips beachi

Cephalothrips yuccas — 6331

Phloeothrips uzeli — 6332

*Phloeothrips pergandei

Acanthothrips magnaf emoralis

Malacothrips zonatus — 6333

Eurythrips ampliventralis — 6334

Eurythrips osborni — 6335

*Cryptothrips aspersus — 6336

It is indeed fortunate that all (labelled “cotype” or “meta-

2 N. B. : No attempt is made here to discuss the validity of Hinds’ species or

the synonymy of any species in the collection.

APRIL, 1939]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

type”) but two, Chirothrips obesus and Trichothrips ambitus ,

are still present. However, it should be noted that the species

marked with asterisks above are represented by such badly muti-

lated or poorly mounted specimens as to render a study of their

characters very difficult and in some cases impossible. The num-

bers refer to the catalog number in the U. S. National Museum.

Since T. ambitus was described from a unique female it is the

only Hinds species that is lost and unavailable for study.

Other specimens, many of which are types, present in the

original collection are listed below:

Anaphothrips longipennis D. L. Crawford

Anaphothrips striatus Osborn, homotype

Ctenothrips bridwelli Franklin, cotype

Euthrips cephalicus D. L. Crawford

Euthrips insularis Franklin, paratypes and cotypes

Euthrips minutus Moulton

Heliothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)

Heterothrips decacornia D. L. Crawford

Sericothrips variabilis (Beach) homotypes

Thrips abdominalis D. L. Crawford

Thrips perplexus Beach, homotype

Aleurodothrips fasciapennis Franklin, cotype

Anthothrips gowdeyi Franklin, paratypes and cotypes

Anthothrips niger (Osborn), homotype

Anthothrips variabilis D. L. Crawford

Cryptothrips fasciapennis Franklin, type

Idolothrips angusticeps D. L. Crawford

Liothrips bakeri D. L. Crawford

Trichothrips niger Franklin, type

An obituary of W. E. Hinds has appeared under the pen of

F. L. Thomas (Jour. Econ. Ent., 29:225-226, 1936) and the

writer published a note in The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

(Yol. 14, page 96) on the chime dedicated to Doctor Hinds.

Of the more than one hundred publications credited to him,

as far as is known, he published only three papers on Thysano-

ptera which are cited below:

1900. The grass thrips, Anaphothrips striatus (Osb.), 37th An.

Rpt. Mass. Agr. Col., Public Document No. 31, Jan.,

pages 83-97, 4 plates.

1902. Contribution to a monograph of the insects of the order

Thysanoptera inhabiting North America. Proc. U. S.

Nat’l Museum, 26:79-242 (No. 1310), 11 plates.

1905. A new tobacco thrips. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18:197-200.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

A NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOMETHOCA FROM ARIZONA

( Hymenoptera-Mutillidge )

BY ARCHIBALD H. CALDWELL, JR.

Phoenix, Arizona

Pseudomethoca sacatona Caldwell, new species

Female: Length 19 mm. Ferruginous, head ferruginous,

front and vertex clothed with fiery-red pubescence and sparse,

erect similarly colored hair, gense clothed with sparse, semi-

erect, silvery pubescence; front and vertex rugoso-punctate,

the gense with close, strong, confluent punctures; mandibles tri-

dentate; antennas separated at base by a distance equal to half

length of scape; length of pedecellum equal to half length of first

segment of flagellum; eyes large and slightly ovate, the distance

between hind margins of eyes and posterio-lateral angles slightly

greater than longitudinal diameter of eyes; longitudinal carina

of gense strong and sharp; relative widths of head and thorax 1-1.

Thorax dark ferruginous; about as long as wide; dorsum of

thorax rugoso-punctate extending over the edge of propodeum;

posterior face of propodeum sparsely punctured with large separate

punctures amongst which are finer punctures, less so caudad; dor-

sum of thorax clothed with fiery-red pubescence and sparse erect

pubescence of the same color; posterior face of propodeum with

long, sparse black hairs; humeri rounded, cephalic margin of pro-

pleura with sharp carina; propleura punctate; mesepisternum

finely rugose and punctate; mesepimeron with large confluent punc-

tures on the caudal margin; metapleura smooth and shining; sides

of propodeum smooth and shining with a few sparse punctures

medially and rugose-punctate on the caudal margin.

Abdomen ferruginous; first segment completely sessile with

second; first tergite with close, confluent punctures and sparse,

long, erect, black hairs and a band of black, recumbent, bristle-

like hairs at apex and with silvery recumbent hairs laterally;

second tergite with close, confluent punctures, clothed with silvery

pubescence narrowly at sides, the remainder of the tergite with

thick, appressed, fiery-red pubescence and sparse erect hairs of

the same color, the median seven-eighths of apex with a narrow

band of black recumbent pubescence, the remaining 1 space on

either side of apex with recumbent silvery pubescence merging

into the silvery pubescence of the sides; tergites three to five closely

punctate with a recumbent band of silvery pubescence on each

entire apical margin, clothed with black, sparse, erect hairs making

an erect fringe along the cephalic margin of each silvery band;

tergite six with copper colored pubescence; pygidial area distinct,

finely rugose; second sternite with large, elongate, separated punc-

tures, and with a sparse, silvery pubescence at apex; sternites three

to five sparsely silvery pubescent at apex. Legs dark ferruginous,

clothed with long, sparse, silvery pubescence; calcaria pale.

APRIL, 1939]

PRATT— MANDIBLES OF OMUS

Holotype, female, No. 4793, Cal. Acad. Sci., Ent., June, 1927,

Sacaton, Arizona. Paratypes, two females, June, 1927, Sacaton,

Arizona, in the author’s collection.

This species keys to P. flammigera Mickel in his key in “The

revision of Mutillid Wasps,” Proceedings of the United States

National Museum, Volume 64, Art. 15, p. 6, but has the follow-

ing differences according to Mickel’s description: the size of the

insect and the posterior face of the propodeum sparsely punc-

tured with large separate punctures amongst which are finer

punctures, less so caudad; the median seven-eighths of the apex

of the second tergite with a narrow band of black recumbent

pubescence, the remaining space on either side of the apex with

recumbent silvery pubescence merging into the silvery pubes-

cence of the sides ; tergites three to five closely punctate with each

entire apical margin with a recumbent band of silvery pubes-

cence as well as black, sparse, erect hairs making an erect fringe

along the cephalic margin of each silvery band.

THE MANDIBLES OF OMUS DEJEANI RCHE.

AS SECONDARY SEXUAL ORGANS

(Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)

BY ROBERT Y. PRATT

Coupeville, Washington

On May 2, 1938, while collecting on Whidby Island, Wash-

ington, I discovered two Omus ( Megomus ) dejeani Reiche under

a piece of wood, mating. The male was on the back of the

female, clasping her with his powerful, well developed jaws in

the constriction between the pronotum and the elytra. Only the

posterior pair of legs of the male were resting on the ground.

This is also true in the case of Tetracha Carolina (L.) and has

been described in several species of Cicindela. 1

These two Omus dejeani were first discovered, in the act of

mating, at 5:49 p. m. They were placed in a covered box and

were found, still attached to each other, at 10:02 a. m. on May 3.

They readily separated when disturbed at that time, but at 9:57

p. m. the previous evening, after four hours and eight minutes

of observed mating, the male did not attempt to change his posi-

1 Balduf, Walter Valentine, The Bionomics of Entomophagus Coleoptera, John

S. Swift Co., Inc., p. 5, 1935.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV, NO. 2

tion when the female was turned over for an instant, placing

the male on his back with the female on top of him. The female,

when disturbed, would seek shelter, carrying the male with

apparently no inconvenience. I do not know how long the pair

had been mating when first found or how long they would have

remained in that state if undisturbed, but the total observed

period of mating was sixteen hours and thirteen minutes. The

position of the jaws of the male Omus dejeani was not observed

at 10:02 a. m. on May 3. They may or may not have been clasp-

ing the female at that time. Further research along this line

would be interesting.

NOTE ON SILPHA (THANATOPHILUS)

COLORADENSIS WICKHAM

Silpha coloradensis was described by Wickham (Can. Ent.,

XXXIV, p. 180, 1902), from a single male from Argentine Pass,

near Georgetown, Colorado, at an elevation of over 12,000 feet.

He later (Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. St. Univ. Iowa, V, p. 274, 1902),

reported a second specimen from Gunnison, Colorado, and there

are a male and female in the Hatch collection from Manitou in

the same state. Portevin, misinterpreting the original descrip-

tion (Portevin, Encycl. Ent., VI, p. 43, 1926; Hatch, Jour.

N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXV, p. 346, 1927 and Col. Cat. 95, p. 85,

1928), redescribed the species as obalskii (Portevin, Bull. Mus.

Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 507, 1920; Encycl. Ent. VI, p. 50, fig. 45,

1926), on the basis of a series of specimens from British

Columbia.

In view of the rarity of the species and the absence of any

information on its habits, it is here noted that Frances Bjork-

man took a series of six specimens at Independence Pass, Colo-

rado, at an altitude of more than 12,100 feet in a can of old

coffee grounds on July 9, 1938 and a second series of four speci-

mens at Spring Creek Pass, Colorado, at an altitude of more than

11,000 feet in a sheep carcass on July 19, 1938. On both oc-

casions coloradensis was associated with individuals of Silpha

( Thanatophilus ) lapponica Herbst, a widely distributed carrion-

inhabiting species. Specimens have been placed in the Hatch

collection at the University of Washington. — Frances Bjorkman

and Melville H. Hatch, Department of Zoology, University of

Washington.

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BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

By W. G. W right, 1907

Bound volumes of the thirty-two beautiful colored plates of this

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the great San Francisco fire, may be obtained from the curator of

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butterflies. Price $2.50.

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A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages,

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tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs,

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PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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sent upon application.

Vol. XV

July, 1939

No. 3

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

BOHART, NOTES ON ODYNERUS WITH

A KEY TO N. AM. SUBGENERA 97

ESSIG, A NEW MINDARUS FROM WHITE FIR

IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 105

BAILEY, THE MULLEIN THRIPS Ill

HATCH, KEY TO THE NEBRIA OF NORTHWESTERN

NORTH AMERICA 117

STAHLER, TAXONOMY OF NOCTUID LARVAE 123

MICHENER, NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MEGARHYSSA 126

GRESSITT, EAST ASIAN HISPUNLE AND CASSIDINiE 132

THE PUGET SOUND ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.... 144

San Francisco, California

1939

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Ent omologist

VOL. XV, No. 3 July, 1939

NOTES ON ODYNERUS WITH A KEY TO THE NORTH

AMERICAN SUBGENERA AND DESCRIPTION

OF A NEW SUBGENUS

(Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

BY RICHARD M. BOHART

University of California, Los Angeles

Key to the Subgenera of Odynerus in North America

1. First abdominal sternite nearly flat, hardly as broad as its

median length; head distinctly longer than broad as viewed

from the front; second abdominal sternite without a median

basal furrow Dolichodynerus Bohart

-. First abdominal sternite much broader than its median

length 2

2. Median length of second abdominal tergite more than twice

the median length of the second sternite; second sternite flat,

not curved toward the base; second tergite with a mem-

branous apical margin Mar icop odynerus Viereck

Median length of second tergite less than twice that of sec-

ond sternite 3

3. Front face of pronotum without a pair of distinct pits or

impressed lines near the middle 4

-. Front face of pronotum with two distinct pits or impressed

lines near and on either side of the middle 9

4. Summit of first abdominal tergite with a distinct transverse

carina, rarely obsolete at the dorsal middle 5

First abdominal tergite without a transverse carina 7

5. Second cubital cell of the forewing petiolate anteriorly

Alastoroides Saussure

Second cubital cell of the forewing not petiolate; no pale

markings in the emarginations of the eyes 6

6. First abdominal tergite with a median longitudinal post-

sutural groove; first tergite without long erect hair; male

antennas thirteen-segmented, not hooked or rolled apically.

Symmorphus Wesmael

-• First tergite without a longitudinal groove, with long erect

hair; male antennae hooked apically Ancistrocerus Wesmael

7. With a carina running from the pronotal angles obliquely to

the mesothorax; propodeum usually bordered superiorly with

prominent membranous ridges; male antennae apparently

eleven-segmented, the last two segments being minute

Pachodynerus Saussure

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

-. Without a carina running from the pronotal angles obliquely

to the mesothorax; male antennas hooked apically 8

8. Small species, often silvery-pubescent and marked with rufous;

first abdominal tergite usually well punctured and often with

the apical margin swollen; clypeus usually apically incised

Leptochilus Saussure

-. Medium to large species; first tergite thinly margined apic-

ally and usually hardly punctured; clypeus rarely apically

incised Rygchium Spinola

9. Pits on front face of pronotum linear and well separated;

male antennas usually coiled apically; markings often bright

red in North American species; body form robust

Odynerus Latreille

-. Pits on front face of pronotum close together and round or

oval; male antennae hooked apically; slender species 10

10. Summit of first abdominal tergite with a shelf-like trans-

verse carina Parancistrocerus Bequaert

-. Summit of first tergite without a shelf-like carina

Stenodynerus Saussure

Subgenus Leptochilus Saussure

Leptochilus Saussure, 1852. Etud. Fam. Vesp., 1:233.

Parodynerus Saussure, 1856. Etud. Fam. Vesp., 3:245.

Microdynerus Thomson, 1874. Scandinaviens Hymenoptera, 3:58.

Zendalia Robertson, 1928. Flowers and Insects, p. 12 (erects

new genus for acolhuus Sauss. and zendaloides Robt.).

Subgenotype: Pterochilus mauretanicus Lep.

The original generic description of Saussure was as follows:

“Levre longue, lineaire. Palpes labiaux sensiblement plus courts

que la languette, de quatre articles, tres greles, presque glabres;

le premier tres long, le quatrieme tres petit. Machoires et mandi-

bules comme dans le genre Pterochilus, mais les palpes tres greles.

Chaperon aussi large, ou plus large que long, arrondi en dessus.

Le rest comme le genre en question.”

The genus was erected by Saussure for Pterochilus maure-

tanicus Lep.; Discoelius cruentatus Brulle; Odynerus oraniensis

Lep.; and Leptochilus fallax Sauss., ornatus Sauss., parvulus

Sauss., and exiguus Sauss. In a recent paper Bliithgen has di-

vided Leptochilus and Microdynerus into several genera and sub-

genera (Bliithgen, P., Beitrage zur Kenntnis der palaearktischen

Eumeniden, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1938:434-496). In the au-

thor’s opinion Bliithgen has overemphasized species group dif-

ferences, and the multiplicity of names which he has added tend

to confuse rather than simplify the complex eumenine picture.

July, 1939]

BOHART— ODYNERUS

All intergrades occur between species typical of Leptochilus and

those typical of Microdynerus. A comparison of the European

type species, O. ( Microdynerus ) exilis Herrich-Schaeffer, with a

variety of North American species leads the author to the con-

clusion that Microdynerus merely represents the less heavily

sculptured Leptochilus.

When Leptochilus was placed in Odynerus by Dalla Torre,

ornal'us was preoccupied and the name republicanus was substi-

tuted for it. Apparently, this species has not been recognized

since Saussure described it. However, the author has examined

specimens of both sexes of a species which agrees exactly with

the original description and figures. Moreover, this species, which

is rare, appears to be the only one of its species group occurring

in the locality designated by Saussure, e. g., “Carolina.” A rede-

scription of this species is given below. The other species

described by Saussure from “America,” fallax, has never been

identified with a North American species and, as Saussure him-

self suggested, probably was mislabeled.

Among the numerous species of North American Leptochilus

are O', rufinodus Cr., bellulus Cr., electus Cr., congressus Vier.,

rufobasilaris Ashm., fedorensis Cam., tosquineti Cam., and

zendaloides Robt.

Odynerus republicanus Dalla Torre

(Figs. 1-3)

Leptochilus ornatus Saussure, 1852, Etud. Fam. Vesp., 1:233,

pi. 20, fig. 4 (nec Smith, 1852).

Odynerus republicanus Dalla Torre, 1889. Wien. Ent. Zeitsch.,

8:125.

Male. Black; clypeus except apical margin, first antennal seg-

ment in front, pronotum anteriorly except at middle, mesopleural

spot, tegula, two spots on scutellum, femora apically, outsides of

tibise, apical margins of first two or three abdominal tergites and

second sternite, yellow; mandible partly, first antennal segment

behind, legs mostly, first abdominal segment except for apical

margin, dark reddish; wings dark smoky, the veins black. Clypeus

and emargination of compound eye weakly silvered; pubescence of

head and thorax sparse, pale, and hardly longer than an ocellus;

pubescence of abdomen minute, silvery. Body coarsely punctured,

punctures almost contiguous; clypeus and front face of pronotum

coarsely punctured; apical abdominal tergites with finer punctura-

tion. Clypeus much broader than long, strongly convex in lateral

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

view, with a very small apical incision; mandible four-toothed;

last antennal segment curved, finger-like, as long as tenth seg-

ment and reaching to its apex; inter-ocellar area with a pair of

prominent tubercles; head greatly developed behind ocelli; post-

scutellum serrately crested; hind face of propodeum roundly con-

cave; middle femur normal; abdomen short and stout (see fig. 2) ;

second sternite without a median basal suture; length to apex of

second tergite, 6.5 to 7.5 mm.

Female. Coloration, pubescence, and puncturation about as in

male with the following exceptions: Clypeus dark yellow, red, and

black. Clypeus weakly incised apically, once and two-thirds as

broad as long; length to apex of second tergite, 8 mm.

Records. “Carolina” (male and female types, Paris Mu-

seum) ; one male, South Carolina, July; one female, Nelson

County, Virginia, July 30, 1926 (W. Robinson) ; one female,

Hilliard, Florida, August 19, 1930 (J. Nottingham) ; one male

and one female, Fedor, Texas, April, 1899; one male, Medora,

Kansas, June 24, 1926 (D. R. Lindsay) ; one female, Graham

County, Kansas, August 16, 1912 (F. X. Williams).

Subgenus Stenodynerus Saussure

(Fig. 13)

Stenodynerus Saussure, 1854. Melanges Hymenopterologiques,

fasc. 1:58.

Type by present designation, Odynerus chinensis Saussure.

The following is quoted from the original description of the

subgenus :

“Formes du corps greles, allongees. Thorax allonge. Abdomen

souvent cylindrique; ecusson aplati, metathorax convexe, creuse

d’une fossette variable; a bords en general arrondis.” 1

Of the two species included in the original description,

angustus Sauss. and chinensis Sauss., the latter appears to be

typical of North American species commonly placed in this sub-

genus by previous workers.

Stenodynerus probably contains more species than any other

American subgenus. They are mostly small to medium sized,

slender, and with the clypeus often longer than broad. The two

distinct approximate pits on the front face of the pronotum are

also characteristic of Parancistrocerus, and these two subgenera

intergrade so that some species are difficult to place. A few

species of Stenodynerus resemble certain Leptochilus closely and

july, 1939]

BOHART— ODYNERUS

101

apparently form an intermediate link between the two. In such

cases the pronotal pits are the only means of separation. The

following North American species are typical of Stenodynerus :

O. anormis Say, blandus Sauss. (fig. 13), taos Cr., cochisensis

Vier., lucidus Roh., pedestris Sauss., toltecus Sauss., and funda-

tus Cr.

Dolichodynerus Bohart, new subgenus

(Figs. 4-10)

Subgenotype, Odynerus turgiceps Bohart.

This subgenus contains the most elongate species of North

American Odynerus. It is probably most closely allied to Steno-

dynerus and may possibly be a derivative of it. Only two species

are known at present and both are rare in collections. Of these,

tanynotus is the least modified. The greatly lengthened first

sternite occurs in both species and readily separates the sub-

genus from all others in North America.

Body elongate; head distinctly longer than broad in front view;

thorax strongly flattened dorsally and about twice as long in dorsal

view as broad at the tegulse; first abdominal segment about twice

as long as its greatest thickness in lateral view, first sternite with

its median length about as great as its breadth. Front face of

pronotum coarsely punctured, without discrete pits, or with a

single median pit. Female vertex without depression. Pronotal

carina separated from mesonotum by more than three ocellus

lengths. Second cubital cell of forewing strongly narrowed anteri-

orly. First abdominal tergite with rudiments of a transverse

carina near its base; second sternite flattened basally and with-

out a median furrow. Male antenna thirteen-segmented, apically

hooked, last segment straight. Third segment of female antenna

about one and one-third times as long as second. Male genitalia

slender; sedeagus simple at apex, notched sub-basally; parameres

simple, slender, and weakly haired.

Key to the Species of Dolichodynerus

With prominent smooth swellings behind and close to the com-

pound eyes; edges of compound eyes at the emarginations dis-

tinctly above the level of the face at that point; second ab-

dominal tergite not raised apically; apices of second and third

tergites fitting against sub-basal caringe on tergites three and

four; coloration black and yellow turgiceps

Without swellings behind the compound eyes; edges of compound

eyes on a level with the rest of the face at the emarginations;

second tergite smoothly raised apically; no carinse on tergites

three and four; coloration largely red and yellow tanynotus

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

Odynerus turgiceps Bohart, new species

(Figs. 4-8)

Particularly remarkable are the sub-basal carinae of the third

and fourth tergites which prohibit the telescoping of these seg-

ments as in other Odynerus. This unique condition adds materi-

ally to the elongate appearance of the species.

Male. Black; first antennal segment in front, spot on man-

dible, clypeus mostly, frontal stripe, post-ocular spot, stripe across

pronotum, mesopleural spot, spot on tegula, two spots on scutel-

lum, elongate spot on propodeum laterally, outsides of tibiae,

crescent-shaped spot at center of basal third of first abdominal

tergite, apical margins of first to fourth tergites and fourth to

seventh sternites, lateral spots on second and third sternites,

bright yellow; wings darkly brown-clouded especially along ante-

rior third. Pubescence of entire body minute, less than one ocel-

lus length. Puncturation of head, thorax, and first four abdomi-

nal segments coarse and close; clypeus less coarsely than front;

front face of pronotum coarsely throughout; propodeum weakly

striate; last two abdominal segments finely punctured. Clypeus

roughly five-sided except for roundly incised apex; head depressed

at emargination of compound eye to depth of an ocellus; with a

pair of shining post-ocellar tubercles originating between hind

ocelli; with two pairs of large post-ocular tubercles or humps;

prothorax with a median longitudinal crease, with a sharp trans-

verse anterior carina, sharply rounded pronotal angles, distance

from carina to mesonotum about five ocellus lengths; posterior

face of propodeum roundly concave, with rough dorsal edges; first

abdominal tergite with a weak sub-basal carina, apex slightly

raised; second tergite slightly constricted at basal third; third

and fourth tergites with sub-basal carinaa which prevent their

slipping under tergites two and three respectively; length to apex

of second tergite, 6.5 mm.

Female. Markings, pubescence and puncturation about as in

male with the following exceptions: Clypeus, antenna, hind tibia

and last two abdominal sternites black; mandible and tarsi reddish-

tinted. Second to fourth antennal segments with a length ratio of

3:4:3 respectively; mandible five-toothed, subapical tooth very

weak; length to apex of second tergite, 7 mm.

Holotype, male, no. 4829, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., allotype, fe-

male, no. 4830, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., and one paratype, female,

Sunset Valley, Santa Barbara County, California, July 14, 1938

(M. A. Cazier). Other paratypes, Arizona: One female, Santa

Rita Mountains. California: One female, San Jacinto Mountains,

July, 1912 (J. C. Bridwell) ; one female, La Crescenta, Los

July, 1939]

BOH ART— ODYNE RUS

103

Angeles County, August 7, 1938, on Eriogonum (C. Michener

and R. Bohart) ; one female, Eagle Rock Hills, Los Angeles

County, June 22, 1934 (C. D. Michener) ; one male, Glen Ivy,

Riverside County, May 13, 1928, on Eriogonum fasciculatum

(P. H. Timberlake) ; one female, Dos Palmos, Riverside County,

March 28, 1934. Holotype and allotype in the California Acad-

emy of Sciences; paratypes in U. S. National Museum, and the

respective collections of J. Bequaert, P. H. Timberlake, and the

author.

Odynerus tanynotus Cameron

(Figs. 9-10)

Odynerus tanynotus Cameron, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent., 1:133.

The most peculiar feature of this species is its long second

abdominal tergite which, at rest, is half concealed beneath the

first. By virtue of this fact it is able to bend its abdomen sharply

at right angles by exposing the basal portion of the second

tergite. This condition also occurs to a lesser extent in turgiceps.

Although similar in general body shape to the latter, tanynotus

can readily be distinguished by the characters given in the key.

The following is an original descripton of the male and a re-

description of the female.

Male. Black, extensively marked with varying amounts of yel-

low and red; head largely black and yellow, thorax largely black

and red; abdomen largely red and yellow; clypeus, eye emargina-

tion, first antennal segment in front, frontal stripe, front margin

of pronotum and scutellum posteriorly yellow; legs reddish, tinted

with yellow on tibiae. Pubescence obscure. Body, except for ab-

domen apically, closely and coarsely punctured. Mandible five-

toothed; clypeus narrowly and angularly notched apically; last

antennal segment longer than twelfth, last two segments together

as long as eleventh; low, punctured, inter-ocellar tubercles present;

distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum about four ocellus

lengths; middle femur slightly depressed at its outside middle;

first abdominal tergite roughened at base but without a distinct

carina, first tergite enclosing about half of second tergite at rest;

apex of second tergite smoothly raised; length to apex of second

tergite, 8-9 mm.

Female. Markings, pubescence, and puncturation about as in

the male with the following exceptions: Tendency toward sup-

pression of black is greater; legs red. Mandible five-toothed;

clypeus truncate apically (fig. 10) ; second to fourth antennal

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . X V. NO. 3

segments with the length ratio of 4:5:4 respectively; length to

apex of second tergite, 10-11 mm.

Records. California: One female, Dos Palmos, Riverside

County, March 28, 1934. Arizona: One female, Congress (Cam-

eron holotype) ; one male, Catalina Springs; one female, Pata-

gonia; two females, Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, July 4,

1930 (E. G. Linsley) ; one female, Tucson, August. New Mexico:

One female, Las Cruces (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; two females, Ala-

magordo. Oklahoma: One male, Stillwater (C. Locke). Texas:

One female, Uvalde; two males, Austin, April 12, 1902; one

male, Laredo, May 10, 1924; one male, Cotulla, May 5, 1905

( W. D. Pierce) .

Odynerus republicanus, fig. 1, front view of female head; fig.

2, dorsal view of tergites one and two; fig. 3, lateral view of first

two abdominal segments. O. turgiceps, fig. 4, side view of female;

fig. 5, female labial palpus; fig. 6, front view of female head;

fig. 7, end of male antenna; fig. 8, dorsal view of tergites one and

two. O. tanynotus, fig. 9, first sternite of female; fig. 10, female

clypeus. O. ( Symmorphus ) debilis, fig. 11, segments 9-13 of male

antenna. O. ( Pachodynerus ) calif ornicus, fig. 12, segments 9-13

of male antenna. O. ( Stenodynerus ) blandus, fig. 13, front view

of female head.

July, 1939]

ESSIG— MINDARUS

105

A NEW APHID OF THE GENUS MINDARUS FROM WHITE

FIR IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

(Homoptera, Aphididas)

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California

This species was collected on the undersides of the young,

tender tips of grand fir or white fir, Abies grandis Lindley, grow-

ing along “The Gorge” just back of The Gorge Hotel in the City

of Victoria, British Columbia, on June 7, 1938. The two trees

infested were quite young and not over 20 feet tall. They were

growing in the woods on the bank and were quite shaded by

larger coniferous trees. My attention was attracted by the copious

covering of honeydew on and under the infested trees and by the

buzzing of insects feeding upon it. The flocculent aphids were

crowded on the undersides of the needles with very little notice-

able curling or deformation of the latter at the time. The mate-

rial was gathered in a paper bag, and the specimens later removed

to vials of 80 per cent alcohol. In making the transfer I noticed

the four distinct forms: the alate and apterous partheno genetic

females, the apterous oviparous females, and the minute dusky-

looking males. The shining black eggs, slightly covered with

wax, were also quite abundant. Although many other trees in

the vicinity were examined, no additional specimens were col-

lected. However, I thought the species was Mindarus abietinus

Koch and therefore made no special attempt to observe the habits

of those collected or to find other colonies.

Mindarus victoria Essig, new species

Color. All forms, excepting the males, are a soft jade-green

color which is hidden by heavy white waxy pulverulence or cot-

tony secretions. The winged forms are characteristically dusky

or black, including much of the head and thoracic regions and the

rostrum, antennae, legs, wing veins, three to five dorsal transverse

abdominal vittae, tip of the cornicles, and anal plate. In the

cleared apterous parthenogenetic females the front of the head,

portions of the antennae, the legs, and glandular areas are faintly

dusky.

The sexual females appear very much like the apterous par-

thenogenetic females with the additional circular pigmented areas

between the cornicles which, in life, bear many closely clustered

glass-like wax rods.

The cleared males appear to be largely dusky throughout, with

transparent cross-lines between the abdominal segments.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L _ X V. NO. 3

Fig. 1. Mindarus victoria Essig, n. sp. A, apterous viviparous

female: Al, antenna; A2, segments V and VI of antenna further

enlarged; A3, ocellanse found in some individuals; A4, compound

eye; A5, posterior abdominal region showing anal and genital

areas and two groups of glands; A6, single wax glandular area

greatly enlarged; A7, cornicle. B, winged viviparous female: Bl,

antenna; B2, antennal segment III; B3, abdominal tubercle; B4,

ventral aspect of posterior abdominal region showing cauda, anal

plate with two transparent circular areas, and portion of the

genital plate; B5, rostrum; B6, reticulated derm of thoracic

region; B7, fenestras at bases of subcostal veins; B8, cornicle;

B9, hamuli or wing hooks, BIO, sensoria on trochanter and at base

of femur. E, Mindarus abietinus Koch: antennal segment III of

the winged viviparous female. F, Mindarus japonicus Takahashi:

antennal segment III of the winged viviparous female.

july, 1939]

ESSIG— MINDARUS

107

Winged viviparous female. Pulverulent or wholly covered with

white cottony wax, jade-green with the head and thorax and their

appendages, wing veins, tips of the cornicles, anal plate, genital

plate, and abdominal vittae dusky or black. Antennae slightly more

than half the length of the body; lengths of segments: I, 0.10 mm.;

II, 0.10 mm.; Ill, 0.42 mm.; IV, 0.22 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.25

mm. (base, 0.20 mm.; unguis, 0.05 mm.) ; total 1.36 mm. There is

a wide range in the measurements of the different individuals

examined. Large, nearly circular secondary sensor ia occur on

segments III and IV. On III there are from six to twelve with an

average of eight or nine distributed throughout the length except-

ing the base. On IV there is normally but one large apical senso-

rium similar to the primary one on V. Only a few inconspicuous

setae are present. The rostrum is long and slender with the apical

segments rather short and broad. It extends nearly to the third

coxae and averages 8 to 9 mm. in length. The cornicles are very

short and little more than rings. Usually there are two sensor ia

on the trochanters and a row of three on the inner basal margin

of the femora. The tarsi are conspicuously large and appear sub-

equal on all the legs. Segment II is about eight times as long as I ;

total length to the bases of the claws is 0.23 mm. There is, on each

side of the body, a row of small tubercles. The cauda is broad at

the base and somewhat knobbed apically with the basal area trans-

parent. There are a few short inconspicuous hairs present. The

anal plate is nearly circular; pigmented with the exception of two

large circular transparent areas, each of which has a single cen-

tral seta. It is also beset with a considerable number of small setae

arising from nearly globular tubercles. The genital plate is

elongated and also armed with a few setae like those on the anal

plate. Length of the body, 2.5 mm., width 0.9 mm.; length of

forewing, 3.2 mm., width, 1.2 mm.

Apterous viviparous female. Pulverulent or waxy over jade

green; the appendages being dusky or somewhat amber -colored.

In most forms the eyes are compound but several mature individ-

uals were noted which had only the two groups of three ocellanae

each as in the sexual forms. Lengths of the antennal segments:

I, 0.09 mm.; II, 0.09 mm.; Ill 0.35 mm.; IV, 0.18 mm.; V, 0.18 mm.;

VI, 0.21 mm. (base, 0.17 mm.; unguis, 0.04 mm.); total, 1.10 mm.

There are no secondary sensoria present and but few inconspicuous

setae. Rostrum similar to that of the winged form. Cleared speci-

mens reveal a considerable number of circular, wax glandular

areas variable in size and arranged in a longitudinal marginal

and submarginal row on each side with two extra areas between

the cornicles. The marginal and the posterior submarginal areas

are largest. Cornicles mere rings. The cauda appears to be in-

completely developed or absent — the abdomen simply rounds off

posteriorly. The anal and genital plates are similar to those of

the alate form.

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L> X y NO. 3

Fig. 2. Mindarus victoria Essig, n. sp. C, adult sexual female:

Cl, antenna; C2, segments V and VI of antenna; C3, group of

ocellanse; C4, one of the two large wax glandular areas between

the cornicles; C5, anal area showing modified cauda, anal plate,

genital plate, and wax glandular areas; C6, hind tibia and tarsus;

C7, hind tibia of another individual; C8, cornicle. D, male: Dl,

antenna; D2, antennal segments IV to VI showing sensoria; D3,

group of ocellanse; D4, ventral aspect of anal area showing

claspers, anal plate, and genital plate; D5, lateral view of anal

area showing the exserted penis; D6, rostrum; D7, lateral body

spine; D8, lateral body tubercle. (All drawings by aid of U. S.

Works Progress Administration under supervision of author.)

July, 1939]

ESSIG— MINDARUS

109

Sexual oviparous female. Apterous and similar in form to the

apterous viviparous female but considerably smaller in size and

somewhat more yellow in color. The groups of glassy-wax rods

between the cornicles and the smaller size of the bodies at once

separate them in life, and the simple eyes, the large glandular

areas from which the wax rods are secreted, the cleared sensoria-

like areas on the hind tibias, and the small “u”-shaped chitinized

caudal area at once distinguish the cleared, mounted specimens.

The color is greenish-yellow with head and appendages dusky and

a series of five or six dusky vittse on the dorsum. The body has

the two rows of oval or circular, glandular areas similar to those

of the apterous viviparous forms. The anal and genital plates are

not definitely pigmented but support similar setee. The glandular

patches between the cornicles are sometimes very large and in-

definite in form. They each have a small clear circular area in the

center. The eyes are each composed of three ocellanas. Lengths of

the antennal segments: I, 0.05 mm.; II, 0.06 mm.; Ill, 0.22 mm.;

IV, 0.11 mm.; V, 0.13 mm.; VI, 0.15 mm. (base, 0.13 mm.; unguis,

0.02 mm.) ; total, 0.72 mm. There are no secondary sensoria pres-

ent. The cauda is not distinct, if present at all. It is represented

by a chitinized “u”-shaped area that, in some specimens, appears

to define a cauda. Length quite variable — from 1.30 to 2.00 mm.

Male. Minute, dusky throughout and very inconspicuous. There

are two longitudinal rows of groups of wax glands on the dorsum.

Eyes are composed of three ocellanae each. Antennas about half

the length of the body; lengths of segments: I, 0.05 mm.; II, 0.05

mm.; Ill, 0.10 mm.; IV, 0.05 mm.; V, 0.07 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm. (base

0.09 mm.; unguis 0.02 mm.); total 0.43 mm. Large and small cir-

cular secondary sensoria are distributed as follows: IV, 0 to 2;

V, 1 to 3; VII, 2 to 3. Although there are certain light areas on

III, they do not appear to be true sensoria. The rostrum extends

beyond the hind coxas and is similar in shape to the other forms.

The hind tibias are not enlarged, but the margins are sometimes a

little irregular because of the presence of the rather large oval

or circular sensoria-like areas which number from 4 to 8. Other

anatomical features are shown in the accompanying drawings in

Figure 2.

Eggs. Regularly elongate-oval, shining black, and covered with

waxy pulverulence and threads; length 0.65 mm. Laid on the

undersides of the needles.

Type. A single alate viviparous female is designated as a

type in the author’s collection. A large series of slides of all the

various forms described and taken from the original host and

consisting of several hundred individuals are designated as para-

types. These are mounted on 31 slides in Canada balsam and

4 slides in a modified Berlese mounting medium. All are in the

author’s collection.

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L- X y N0 . 3

There are now four species referable to this genus: Mindarus

abietinus Koch, M. obliquus Cholodkovsky ( =Schizoneura obli-

qua ) , M. japonicus Takahashi, and M. victoria Essig, n. sp. The

latter differs from all the others in the fewer and more circular

sensoria on antennal segment III of the winged viviparous female

as shown in the accompanying illustrations in Figure 1, Bl, B2,

E, and F. Cholodkovsky’s 1 2 3 drawing of obliqua shows thirteen oval

sensoria scattered over most of the length of the segment. He

also shows three small sensoria on segment IV of the alate form

instead of none or one as in the other species.

In abietinus a there are from fourteen to twenty-four and in

japonicus 3 from nineteen to twenty-three elongated sensoria on

segment III of the alate form. In the latter species there is a

tendency for some of the sensoria to be shorter and staggered

along the segment. Specimens of abietinus from Maine, received

through Dr. E. M. Patch, show a more circular type than those

from Europe or from California.

1 Zool. Anz.. XIX, p. 256, 1896.

2 Die Pflanzenlause, p. 278, figs. 350, 351, 1857.

3 Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, vol. XXI, pp. 137-139, figs. 1-2, 1931.

Notes on the Genus Amblycheila

( Coleoptera-Cicindelidas )

Recent collections from Arizona and Southern California

have yielded several specimens of this very rare and desirable

genus and it seems appropriate at this time to present this addi-

tional data in order to aid future collectors who may be in the

vicinity of the localities cited. Mr. R. P. Allen collected four

female specimens of Amblycheila picolominii Rche. 20 miles

east of Tuba City, Arizona, July 28, 1937, at dusk, in dry, open,

rocky country. Mr. Thomas Rodgers collected one small female

of the very rare Amblycheila schwarzi W. H. in Cedar Canyon,

Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California, June

1, 1938, in a dry, sandy wash. This locality is approximately

150 miles southeast of the only other reported California locality

which is Skidoo, Inyo County, California. The specimen was

presented by Mr. D. F. Tillotsen, to whom the author is indebted

for this fine addition. — Mont. A. Cazier.

July, 1939]

BAILEY— MULLEIN THRIPS

111

THE MULLEIN THRIPS

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California, Davis

The mullein thrips, Neoheegeria verbasci (Osborn), is a com-

mon thrips in central Europe and North America. Since 1888

miscellaneous items, both of a taxonomic and biological nature,

have appeared on this insect, and it seems desirable to bring

them together at this time with such notes as the writer has

accumulated. In view of its exceedingly narrow host range it is

doubtful that it will ever become of economic importance. It is,

however, commonly found in entomological collections, and,

since it is often readily obtainable, it is used in teaching as an

example of the suborder Tubulifera. Therefore, a discussion of

its biology and the illustrations of its various stages and im-

portant anatomical characters (Plate I, figures 1-12) may be of

some value.

This thrips is a member of the family Phlaeothripidae. The

genus Neoheegeria, established by Schmutz (1909), is not abun-

dantly represented in North America and only a single species,

verbasci, is known from California. Representatives of this

genus are much more abundant in Europe and in the old world.

Priesner probably has the largest collection of this group and

informs the writer that he will shortly publish a review of the

genus with a key to the species.

It is possible that additional species in this genus will appear

from time to time in North America and a translation of Pries-

ner’s key to European species may be of some aid to other work-

ers. The key, from Thysanopteren Europas, 1928, p. 629, fol-

lows:

Key to European Species of Neoheegeria

1. Head 1.2 to 1.3 as long as wide 2

-. Head only 1.1 as long as wide, the third antennal segment

with two sense cones verbasci (Osb.)

2. The third antennal segment with only two sense cones 3

-. The third antennal segment with three sense cones. Body

bristles long. Tube longer. Fore wings as a rule with 14-17

inter-located hairs dalmatica Schmutz

3. Fore wings with 10-12 inter-located hairs. Body stout, fore

femora thick lederi Priesner

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

Fore wings with 6-7 inter-located hairs. Body less robust.

Fore femora much more slender johni Priesner

Neoheegeria verbasci (Osborn)

1888. Phlseothrips sp., Osborn.

1896. Phlseothrips verbasci Osborn.

1902. Anthothrips verbasci, Hinds.

1907. Trichothrips femoralis Moulton.

1912. Haplothrips verbasci, Karny.

1920. Neoheegeria verbasci, Priesner.

1928. Neoheegeria verbasci, Priesner.

A complete, technical redescription of this common thrips is

not necessary (that of Hinds, 1902 and Priesner, 1928 are suffi-

cient.) It will suffice to say that the adult is about 2 mm. in length.

The body is shiny black to the unaided eye and the wings (fig. 12)

folded on the dorsum form a silvery white Y. Segments 3 to 6 of

the antennae (fig. 11) yellow and the fore tibia yellow shading to

brown at the base. Base of fore wing (including scale) brown;

wings narrowed in middle and colorless.

The egg (fig. 2) is oval in shape, translucent white to pale

yellow in color and about 0.377 mm. long without surface reticula-

tions. The larva (figs. 1 and 3) is lemon to orange-yellow, often

nearly a burnt-orange in color in mature individuals with the

antennas and tip of abdomen brown. The pupas (figs. 4-6) are a

pinkish-orange to salmon pink in color; the appendages are color-

less. Both mature larva and pupa are about the same size as the

adult.

For a full technical description of the immature stages see

Priesner (1928), pp. 632-634.

Hosts

The chief host plant of N. verbasci is mullein ( V erbascum

thapsus L.). In central Europe Priesner records five additional

species of V erbascum as hosts — namely, austriacum, lychnitis,

nigrum, phlomoides, and phceniceum. Other host records found

in the literature from North America include corn, cherry, ceano-

thus, and black-eyed daisy. (On one occasion an adult found its

way into the stomach of a trout.) These plants are doubtless

transitional hosts, for reproduction takes place only on mul-

lein. Attempts made by the writer to rear this thrips on other

plants have failed. It can be seen that the host plant range is

extremely narrow and perhaps entirely restricted to V erbascum.

Hood (1917) states that it “feeds exclusively on mullein.”

July, 1939]

BAILEY— MULLEIN THRIPS

113

Distribution

This species is one of the most generally distributed of the

phlgeothripids. Priesner reports it generally over the whole of

Central Europe up to 1400 meters (about 4600 feet) and spe-

cifically from Austria, Hungaria, Roumania, Balkan States, and

England. Bagnall (1933) states: “In my experience the species

becomes more common on the continent as one goes south-east

and the genus has many representatives in south-eastern Europe

and in India.”

Aside from one record from Ontario, Canada, N. verbasci is

known from the following states: California, Florida, Georgia,

Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland (and D. C.), Massa-

chusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,

Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, and Washington.

The presence of its host does not always mean the thrips is

present, for the writer has collected on this plant in the eastern,

central and western states and many times failed to find it. In

California it is most commonly distributed in the Mother Lode

district of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east side of the

Sacramento Valley. From the Folsom district east to Emigrant

Gap and at Donner Lake, Lake Tahoe, and Reno, Nevada, on the

east side of the Sierra, it is very common. Tehama and Lassen

counties are its limits to the north, the Sacramento Valley to the

west, and Madera County on the south. Extensive collecting on

mullein in Lake, Napa and Sonoma counties has failed to show

its presence to the west of the Sacramento Valley. Collections

from mullein in southern California also have been negative.

In “Flowering Plants of California,” Jepson states (page 896)

that common mullein is found in “flats, valleys, mountain ridges

or dry stream beds, nat. from Eur. : very common in the Sierra

Nevada Pine belt; North coast Ranges.” It is quite possible,

then, that this thrips has been introduced from Europe and has

not spread as rapidly as its host in North America.

Biology

The life cycle of the mullein thrips is spent entirely on the

host plant. With the exception of the egg, all stages have been

found throughout the year in central California during mild

seasons at low elevations. At high elevations (about 3000 feet

and up to 6000 feet) where the plants are partly or completely

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XV NO. 3

winter-killed, the adults hibernate in the leaves at the base of the

plant or in the flower spike which usually remains intact offering

good protection. Early in March egg laying begins at low ele-

vations and not until about the first of June at the highest points

in its range. Since the host is usually a biennial, reproduction

generally begins on the young plants which spring up around

the older plants. A colony will remain on an individual plant

for two years. The adults appear to migrate chiefly by crawling;

they have been observed only rarely to fly. Copulation takes

place on the plants in the usual manner.

Neoheegeria verbasci (Osb.) : Figure 1, first instar larva;

2, egg; 3, mature larva; 4, prepupa; 5, first stage pupa; 6, second

stage pupa; 7, fore leg of male; 8, head and prothorax of male;

9, tip of abdomen of female; 10, tip of abdomen of male, showing

genitalia exserted; 11, antenna; 12, fore wing. Lines equal .1 mm.

The eggs are laid loosely among the forked hairs of the basal

leaves and in among the flowers on the spike. In the laboratory,

where the length of the stages was determined, the egg stage lasts

12 days. The larvae feed together with the adults on the more

tender growing portions of the host away from the direct sun-

light. The larval stage extended on the average twenty-eight

July, 1939]

BAILEY— MULLEIN THRIPS

115

days, but at higher summer temperatures is undoubtedly shorter.

Pupation takes place among the feeding stages and consumes

nine days.

There are two larval instars, a prepupal stage, and two pupal

stadia or a total of five stages. Shull (1914, 1917) proved that

this thrips could reproduce asexually, unfertilized eggs giving

rise to males only.

After the first of June, at which time the first generation is

complete, there is a continuous over-lapping, all stages being

present well into October. At the lower elevations in California

there appear to be three complete generations. The fuzzy nature

of the leaf surface makes it difficult for natural enemies to reach

the mullein thrips. However, Triphleps tristicolor White com-

monly preys upon N. verbasci.

These observations on the biology of the mullein thrips in

California coincide with those of Osborn in Iowa and Priesner

in Austria. These writers report hibernation taking place on the

part of the adults in the seed pods and basal leaves. Osborn

observed the eggs as being first laid in April and the first gen-

eration completed the last of June with a probable second.

Priesner found larvae and pupae from May to late fall. The

occurrence of individuals in other environments such as in dry-

ing corn husks and under willow bark (Priesner, 1928, p. 634)

is undoubtedly a matter of chance.

While hundreds of adults and larvae are often found on a

single plant they apparently injure it very little. Osborn (1888)

stated that the injury to the leaf showed “as yellow blotches,

similar to those produced by Tetranychus telarius.” A slight

browning around the base of the individual flowers in the spike

and on the smaller leaves in the basal rosette is the only evidence

of injury.

There are about 36 references to this thrips in the literature,

many of which give host and distributional records; only the

more important and those cited in this paper are listed below.

Bibliography

Bagnall, R. S., 1933. More new and little known British thrips.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 60:121, May.

Hinds, W. E., 1902. Contribution to a monograph of the in-

sects of the order Thysanoptera inhabiting North America. Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mus., 26: 189-191, PI. VII, figs. 76-78.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

Hood, J. D., 1917. An annotated list of the Thysanoptera of

Plummer’s Island, Maryland. Insec. Insci. Mens., 5:61.

Karny, H. H., 1912. Zool. Annal., IV, p. 325.

Moulton, D., 1907. A contribution to our knowledge of the

Thysanoptera of Calif. U. S. D. A., Bur. Ent., Tech Ser. No. 12,

Part III, pp. 61-62, PI. V, fig. 44, PI. VI, figs. 45-46.

Osborn, H., 1888. The food habits of the Thripidse. Insect Life,

1:141.

— 1896. Note on the new species of Phloeothrips, with descrip-

tion. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 3:228.

Priesner, H., 1920. Mus. Linz, 78-62.

— 1928. Thysanop. Europas, pp. 631-634. F. Wagner, Wein.

Schmutz, K., 1909. Zur Kenntnis einiger neuer Thysanopteren-

genera und Thysanopteren-species. Tiel II. Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus.

Wein., 23:341-347, 4 fig.

Shull, A. F., 1914a. Biology of the Thysanoptera. Amer. Nat.,

48:161-176.

— 1914b. Parthenogenesis in Anthothrips verbasci. 16th Ann.

Rpt. Mich. Acad. Sci., pp. 46-48.

— 1917. Sex determination in Anthothrips verbasci. Genetics,

2:480-488.

Watson, J. R., 1923. Synop. and catalog, of Thysanoptera of

North America. Univ. Fla., Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 168, p. 61.

Note on a Tabanid

In a recent paper by Mr. Allan Stone on the subfamily Taba-

ninse of the Nearctic Region (U. S. Dept, of Agric., Misc. Publ.

No. 304, p. 28, 1938) the author states that the co-types of

Tabanus dodgei Whitney are now lost. This species was de-

scribed from nine females received by Mr. Whitney from Mr.

G. M. Dodge of Glencoe, Nebraska. The G. M. Dodge collection,

at his death, was left to his brother, E. A. Dodge, later of Santa

Cruz, California, and at the death of E. A. Dodge came to the

California Academy of Sciences. This collection contains two

females of Tabanus dodgei labelled Dodge County, Nebraska.

They agree in every respect with Whitney’s description. These are

without doubt co-types that were returned by Mr. Whitney to

G. M. Dodge. Glencoe is in Dodge County, but a few miles from

the town of Dodge. As the Whitney material seems to have been

lost, I have designated one of these specimens as the lectotype of

Tabanus dodgei Whitney. — E. P. Van Duzee.

July, 1939]

HATCH— NEBRIA

117

A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEBRIA OF NORTHWESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

(Coleoptera, Carabidse)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH

University of Washington

In the accompanying key to the species of Nebria north of

California and west of Colorado, I have followed in some of its

essentials the classification of Banninger, Ent. Mitteil., XIV,

1925, pp. 187-195, 256-281. For additional literature see Horn,

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Ill, 1870, pp. 97-104. — LeConte, Bull.

U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 473-480. — Schaupp, Bull.

Brook. Ent. Soc., 1878. — Van Dyke, Pan-Pac. Ent., I, 1925, pp.

115-122; Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XIX, 1926, pp. 8-12. — Banninger,

Kol. Rund, XIV, 1928, pp. 5-7; Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1931,

p. 178; 1933, p. 81. — Darlington, Psyche XXXVII, 1930, pp.

104-105; XXXVIII, 1931, p. 24.

Bibliographical references are given only for localities not

represented by specimens in the author’s collection.

Key to Species

Tarsi above glabrous; labial palpi with penultimate segment

with three setae.

1 (40) Elytral humeri rounded, evident; male protarsi with three

segments dilated; head behind eyes not or scarcely impressed

subg. Neonebria Hatch ( Nebria Ganglb. nec Latr.)

2 (27) Pronotum with a seta-bearing puncture at side just in

front of middle; legs black.

3 (18) Abdominal sternites three to five with from two to five

seta-bearing punctures on each side of the middle along the

posterior margin.

4 (7) Elytra shining black; pronotum with side margins widely

reflexed, curving out directly from the hind angles.

5 (6) Only the third elytral interval with from three to five

dorsal punctures, the interval not catenate; elytral humeri

prominent, strongly rounded, the base of the elytra wider than

the pronotum at its widest; hind angles of pronotum rec-

tangular; head between eyes without rufous spots; length 12-

13 mm.; Yukon (4), Alberta, Saskatchewan (7), eastern

Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Colorado, New Mexico

(5) hudsonica LeC.

6 (5) Elytral intervals three, five, and seven catenate, with

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . X V. NO. 3

from four to six dorsal punctures ; the elytral humeri less

prominent, more broadly rounded, the base of the elytra nar-

rower than the pronotum at its widest; hind angles of pro-

notum acute; head between eyes with a pair of rufous spots;

length 15-16 mm.; Washington (Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts.

(15), Mt. Adams — Lane), Oregon (Mt. Hood); ( trifaria Van

Dyke pars 1 * 3 ) vandykei Banninger

7 (4) Elytra more or less brilliantly metallic, the third and

seventh and frequently the fifth interval catenate with from

one to eight dorsal punctures; head between the eyes with a

pair of rufous spots.

8 (17) Elytral humeri prominent, strongly rounded, the base of

the elytra wider than the pronotum at its widest; side margins

of pronotum widely reflexed.

9 (10) Fifth elytral interval usually without punctures; length

10-12 mm., usually under 12; color brilliant metallic; elytral

intervals rounded to flat; hind angles of pronotum acute to

rectangular or subobtuse; southeastern Alaska (15) and Al-

berta through western Montana and northern Idaho to north-

ern Oregon [Mt. Hood (15), Wallowa Mts.] gebleri Dej. a

10 (9) Fifth elytral interval always with dorsal punctures; length

10-14 mm., usually over 12 mm.; elytral intervals more or less

convex.

11 (12) Hind angles of pronotum strongly acute, the side margins

in front of the hind angles evidently parallel; elytra less

brilliantly metallic; length 10-13 mm., usually over 12 mm.;

Washington (Glacier Peak, Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts.)

meanyi Van D.

12 (11) Hind angles of pronotum rectangular or obtuse, the side

margins curving out almost directly from the hind angles;

elytra more brilliantly metallic.

13 (14) Elytra reddish purple, the strias usually finely, obscurely

punctate; hind angles of pronotum sub rectangular; length 11-

14.5 mm.; Aleutian Is. (13) along the coast to northern Wash-

ington (Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts.) ; eastern British Colum-

bia (2); western Montana (13) metallica Fisch.

14 (13) Elytra violaceous.

15 (16) Elytral striae finely, obscurely punctate; hind angles of

pronotum rectangular; dorsal punctures more strongly im-

1 Vandykei is said to be distinguished from typical trifaria LeC. (Colorado,

Utah) by its more shining dorsal surface due to a finer microsculpture, relatively

broader head ; the pronotum with more prominent anterior angles, more feebly

arcuate sides, the side margins in front of the hind angles very feebly sinuate,

the side margins more strongly reflexed, the hind angles more prominent and

more acute ; the elytra broader, more evidently inflated behind, the intervals

more convex ; the aedeagus nearly evenly arcuately narrowed along its outer

margin, the end broadly rounded.

3 Specimens of gebleri in my collection from the eastern portions of its

range, especially a series from the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, seem to have the

elytral intervals flatter, the hind angles of the pronotum less acute, and the side

margins of the pronotum in front of the hind angles less parallel than do coast

specimens, and may represent a feebly differentiated subspecies.

July, 1939]

HATCH— NEBRIA

119

pressed, from six to eight in a series; length 14 mm.; Alberta

(Banff) schwarzi Van D.

16 (15) Elytral strke relatively coarsely punctate; hind angles of

pronotum obtuse ; dorsal punctures less strongly impressed,

from five to seven in a series; length 13-14 mm.; replaces

metallica at high elevations in the western portions of British

Columbia (Merritt) (3) and Washington (Darrington, Glacier

Peak, Mt. Baker, Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts., Skagit River,

Mt. Adams — Lane) piperi Van D.

17 (8) Elytral humeri less prominent, more broadly rounded, the

base of the elytra narrower than the pronotum at its widest;

elytral intervals three, seven, and sometimes five catenate,

with dorsal punctures; side margins of pronotum narrow, very

narrowly reflexed, the hind angles subobtuse; elytra purple;

length 11.5-12.5 mm.; western Montana (11), Idaho (15), Colo-

rado purpurata LeC.

18 (3) Abdominal sternites three to five with only a single seta-

bearing puncture on each side of the middle along the poste-

rior margin; head between eyes without a pair of rufous spots;

sides of pronotum widely reflexed.

19 (26) Dorsal punctures strongly impressed.

20 (23) Pronotum from three-fifths to two- thirds as long as

broad, its sides in front of the hind angles usually appreciably

subparallel; color more or less brownish; dorsal punctures

confined to third interval.

21 (22) Length 9-10 mm.; usually smaller and less robust; Labra-

dor (14), Alberta, Montana, British Columbia, eastern Wash-

ington labradorica Csy.

22 (21) Length 9-11 mm.; usually larger and more robust; Wash-

ington [Cascade Mts. (14), Glacier Peak (14), Mt. Bonaparte,

Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts. (14)] crassicornis Van D.

23 (20) Pronotum less than three-fifths as long as broad, its sides

in front of the hind angles very briefly constricted, curving out

almost at once from the hind angles.

24 (25) Color black or brownish; elytra with fifth interval usually

with impressed dorsal punctures, the intervals variably convex,

the striae variably punctate; the hind angles of the pronotum

subrectangular to obtuse, the side margins in front of the hind

angles strongly sinuate to nearly oblique; legs black to rufous;

length 8.5-10 mm.; Kamchatka (13) and eastern Siberia (13)

through central and south central Alaska (13) to Mackenzie

(13) bifaria Mann.

25 (24) Color above metallic bronze or green to ( parvula Sahib.,

reducta Csy.) very black; fifth elytral interval without dorsal

punctures; hind angles of pronotum nearly rectangular; length

7.5 mm.; Pribilof Is. (?) (13), southwestern (13) and central

(4) Alaska, Yukon (4) viridis Horn 3

3 Schaupp (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 1878) includes “Wash. Terr.” among the

localities cited, but there is no recent confirmation of the occurrence of this

species in this region.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XV. NO. 3

26 (19) Dorsal punctures not or very feebly impressed; color

black, the elytra obscurely viridescent; pronotum with hind

angles obtuse, the side margins in front of the hind angles

oblique, scarcely sinuate; length 9-12 mm.; British Columbia

(8) and northern Idaho to northern California (8) ; ( brevis

Csy.) virescens Horn

27 (2) Pronotum without a seta-bearing puncture at sides; ab-

dominal sternites three to five with two to four seta-bearing

punctures on each side of the middle along the posterior mar-

gin; dorsal punctures confined to the third elytral interval;

head between eyes usually with a pair of rufous spots (some-

times absent in sahlbergi ) .

28 (39) Hind angles of pronotum subrectangular.

29 (34) Pronotum with side margins for a considerable distance

in front of the hind angles subparallel or even incurved, side

margins broadly reflexed.

30 (31) Pronotum with hind angles rectangular or slightly acute,

the side margins in front of the hind angles subparallel or very

feebly incurved; elytra black, frequently with a violaceous or

viridescent tinge; legs usually black but specimens with pale

legs are cited; length 8.5-9. 5 mm.; south central Alaska (13)

to Oregon, Colorado (13), Lake Superior (12), Labrador (12),

Newfoundland (12) , and New Hampshire (12) ..sahlbergi Fisch. 4

31 (30) Pronotum with hind angles acute, the sides of the pro-

notum in front of the hind angles somewhat recurved.

32 (33) Larger (length 10-11.5 mm.) ; the elytra frequently me-

tallic green or blue; legs variable in color; seacoast of southern

Alaska from Unalaska to Sitka (13) gregaria Fisch. H

33 (32) Smaller (length male: 9 mm., female: 11 mm.); elytra

nigropiceous, the antennas and legs paler; distinguished, ac-

cording to Van Dyke, from gregaria by being less elongate, the

pronotum with the sides more suddenly constricted posteriorly

and the basal impressions better defined, the elytra with better

defined humeri, sides more parallel and general shape less

spatulate, and from sahlbergi by its shorter elytra and less

evidently punctured strise; southern Alaska (Unalaska, Kat-

mai, Kodiak) (13) aleuta Van D. B

34 (29) Pronotum with side margins curving out almost immedi-

ately from the hind angles, the side margins relatively narrow

and feebly reflexed.

35 (38) Dorsal surface black.

36 (37) Legs black; length 10.5-13 mm.; southeastern Alaska

(15) west of the Cascades to Oregon (15) ..manner heimi Fisch. 0

* Compare remarks on this species by Van Dyke (12) and Fall (4). The

eastern phase is moesta LeC., but Miss Mank (11) believed that she detected both

moesta and sahlbergi in her material from Glacier National Park.

a Both gregaria and aleuta are closely similar to sahlbergi, of which they may

be local races.

6 Manner heimi is recorded from Colorado by Wickham (16) but the record

requires confirmation.

July, 1939]

HATCH— NEBRIA

121

37 (36) Legs pale; length 10-12 mm.; Alaska (9) through east-

ern and western Washington and Oregon to southern Califor-

nia (15) ; ( tenuipes , transversa, hippisleyi, and formalis of

Casey) eschscholtzi Men.

38 (35) Dorsal surface and legs pale; length 9.5-11 mm.; sea

beaches from British Columbia (15) to Crescent City, Cali-

fornia (15) diversa LeC.

39 (28) Hind angles of pronotum obtuse, the side margin in front

of the angles oblique, not or scarcely sinuate, side margins

widely reflexed; black, the legs and antennas pale; length 11-

12 mm.; eastern Washington and Alberta through western

Montana (6) to Wyoming (9), Colorado (16), and Utah (10)

obtusa LeC.

40 (1) Eiytral humeri oblique subg. Nebriola Daniel

Elytra bright metallic, the third and seventh intervals with

dorsal punctures; pronotum with a seta-bearing puncture at

sides just in front of middle, the hind angles rectangular or

acute; head with a pair of rufous spots between eyes; legs

black; male pro tarsi with three segments dilated.

41 (42) Head and pronotum obscurely metallic; sides of pronotum

in front of the hind angles distinctly parallel for a considerable

distance, abdominal sternites three to five usually with a single

seta-bearing puncture on either side of middle along the poste-

rior margin; length 12-13 mm.; southeastern Alaska (15),

British Columbia (1), Washington [Glacier Peak (15), Mt.

Rainier, Olympic Mts.], Oregon (Mt. Hood); ( colmnbiana

Csy . ) kincaidi Schwarz

42 (41) Head and pronotum not metallic; sides of pronotum curv-

ing out almost directly from the hind angles; abdominal stern-

ites three to five usually with two seta-bearing punctures on

either side of middle along the posterior margin; length 12-13.5

mm.; British Columbia [Selkirk Mts. (15), Lyman Glacier],

Washington (Mt. Adams, Mt. Rainier, Olympic Mts.), Oregon

(Mt. Hood) ; ( kincaidi Bann., columbiana Van Dyke, vandykei

Dari.) paradisi Dari.

Bibliography

(1) Casey, Mem. Col. IV, p. 48, 1913.

(2) Criddle, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont. LII, p. 61, 1921.

(3) Criddle, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., LVI, p. 96, 1925.

(4) Fall, Pan-Pac. Ent. II, pp. 129-130, 1926.

(5) Fall and Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXIII, p. 156,

1907.

(6) Hatch, Can. Ent. LXV, p. 7, 1933.

(7) LeConte, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 167, p. 3, 1863.

(8) LeConte, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. IV, p. 476, 1878.

(9) LeConte, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. IV, p. 479, 1878.

(10) Leng, Cat. Col. Am. n. of Mex., p. 47, 1920.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

(11) Mank, Can. Ent. LXVI, p. 74, 1934.

(12) Sherman, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XVIII, p. 177, 1910.

(13) Van Dyke, Nat. Geog. Soc. Contrib. Tech. Papers II (1),

pp. 4-6, 1924.

(14) Van Dyke, Pan-Pac. Ent. I, p. 122, 1925.

(15) Van Dyke, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. XIX, pp. 9-10, 1926.

(16) Wickham, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. St. Univ. Iowa V (3), p. 232,

1902.

COLLECTING AND DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON SOME

CALIFORNIA WEEVILS

(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Rhynchites velatus Lee., which heretofore has been exceed-

ingly rare in collections, was taken in great numbers on Primus

under sonii Gray, “Desert Peach,” (host identified by Willis H.

Wheeler) at Coleville, Mono County, California, on May 27,

1939, by M. A. Cazier, T. H. G. Aitken, Anthony Downes, and

the writer. Additional specimens were collected by Stewart

Lockwood and A. Showier on the same host at Peavine, Sierra

County, California, on June 9, 1939. This striking species was

described in 1880 by LeConte merely from Sierra Nevada, Cali-

fornia. To the best of the writer’s knowledge the species re-

mained unknown except for the type specimen for over thirty

years until R. S. Woglum collected a few larvae and adults at

Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, on May 15, 1914,

in the fruit of Prunus fremondi Wats. (Prunus eriogynu Mason) ,

“Desert Apricot.” Later, on April 25 and April 4, 1915 and

1925, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke collected four more specimens at Palm

Springs, California. Since one of the hosts, Prunus under sonii

is known to occur as far north as Modoc County, California,

Rhynchites velatus probably occurs along the western margin of

the Great Basin for nearly a thousand miles.

Crocidemu culifornicu Van Dyke, type locality Idyllwild,

Riverside County, California, was collected at Coleville, Mono

County, California, by Mr. W. E. Simonds on July 9, 1933, and

again at the same locality on May 27, 1939, by M. A. Cazier,

T. H. G. Aitken, Anthony Downes, and the writer. This species,

or a variety of the same, was also collected at Cedarville, Modoc

County, California, on May 29, 1939, by the four latter collec-

tors. The preferred host at the Coleville and Cedarville localities

appeared to be Purshiu tridentutu DC. — P. C. Ting.

July, 1939]

STAHLER— NOCTUID LARViE

123

NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF NOCTUID LARV^

(Lepidoptera)

BY N. STAHLER

University of California, Berkeley

The difficulties involved in the taxonomy of lepidopterous

larvae are well known. The work of Forbes, Dyar, Smith and

others has led to the useful identification of the supra-generic

categories in the order and has clarified many phylogenetic rela-

tions that could not have been understood from a study of the

adults alone. But so similar are the great number of caterpillars

that in only a few families have adequate generic and specific

characters been found. In one of the largest and most economic-

ally important families, the Noctuidae, the taxonomy of the

larvae has proceeded so slowly that relatively few of the 4000

or more species of North American noctuid larvae can be posi-

tively identified. One may often compare the larvae of two dis-

tinct species, segment by segment and part by part, without

finding an applicable diagnostic character.

The purpose of this paper is to briefly illustrate some struc-

tural variations which are of taxonomic value in the study of

noctuid larvae by use of two closely related species in the genus

Heliothis. The writer has recently been engaged in extending the

work of Lange and Michelbacher (1) in the separation of Helio-

this ohsoleta (Fabr.) from H. phloxiphaga G. and R. in the

larval, pupal and adult stages. The moths often occur together

in the tomato fields of central California, although only the

corn earworm can pass its life cycle on tomato. In these areas

H. phloxiphaga larvae feed chiefly on Hemizonia congesta (tar-

weed) and Grindelia robusta. The adults are easily separated,

the pupae less so, but the larvae are sometimes almost indis-

tinguishable.

Color and size are the most obvious characters, but they must

be employed with caution. The color pattern of some noctuid

larvae varies greatly, depending on the stage of larval develop-

ment, the host plant or plant part attacked and perhaps the tem-

perature and season. The size attained by full grown caterpillars

may depend on the nature and abundance of food.

H. ohsoleta ranges in color from green, pink or brown to

slate gray with white bands. It has been observed in this lab-

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L> X V. NO. 3

oratory that on corn the larvae tend to be yellow and pale brown,

on alfalfa dark green, on lettuce pale brown and on tomatoes

brown with red and green hues. H. phloxiphaga varies from

slate gray with prominent white stripes on tarweed to dark green

on Grindelia. In the laboratory these caterpillars may be suc-

cessfully reared on lettuce and tend to be dark green in color.

Other noctuid larvae, such as Autographa California (Speyer),

show less range in color pattern.

Sixth instar larvae of obsoleta are larger than those of phloxi-

phaga in the corresponding stage. In young larvae, however, there

is no difference in size. The stage of larval development and

the environmental conditions should be taken into consideration

in using color and size as specific characters.

The pigment pattern of the cuticle is not destroyed by ordi-

nary reagents. It is composed of a more or less definite arrange-

ment of small oval or round areas. In phloxiphaga these macu-

lations are more numerous in the dark sub-dorsal bands than

they are in the same areas of the corn earworm. In early stages

these differences do not obtain. The microscopic structure of

the cuticle offers generic characters. In Heliothis the skin is

thickly beset with minute, sharply conical spinules. It is quite

likely that in some genera the structure of the cuticle may be of

specific value.

The size of the primary setae and setigerous tubercles is of

value. Typically, phloxiphaga is spinose with dark sub-conical

tubercles, while obsoleta is rather smooth and has smaller, paler

tubercles. But those factors influencing color may often cause

changes in the appearance of the setae. Dark larvae tend to appear

more spinose than pale individuals.

The arrangement of the primary setae of noctuid larvae is so

uniform that they offer no satisfactory taxonomic characters.

The form and number of the crochets on the abdominal legs and

the shape or size of the spiracles are as yet of minor systematic

importance. In the two species of Heliothis referred to, the

shape and size of the tarsal claws are similar, but this structure

can often be used for the separation of genera in the family. The

shape and size of a sclerotized area is of fundamental importance

in a study of this kind and no such region should be neglected.

It is probably in the larval head that the most valuable diag-

nostic characters can be located. It will be desirable first to

July, 1939]

STAHLER— NOCTUID LARVYE

125

enumerate a few structures which are similar in obsoleta and

phloxiphaga, but have been used to separate other noctuid spe-

cies. (1) the arrangement of ocelli, (2) the size and shape of the

adfrontals and clypeus, (3) the length of the epicranial stem

(the dorso-median suture of the head), (4) the mandibular

dentes and basal processes, (5) the shape and relative size of the

sclerotized areas of the antennae and labium and (7) the palpi

and their setae.

The cuticular coloration of the head frequently offers specific

characters. In many species the vertex is darker than the rest

of the head. H. phloxiphaga may conveniently be distinguished

from the corn earworm by the reticulate, fuscous, sub-median

arcs of the head.

The internal, or posterior, face of the labrum presents sev-

eral characters of value — the epicranial setae, the epicranial

shield (the thickened area on the ventral margin) and the labral

notch. In obsoleta the epicranial shield is somewhat larger and

the notch relatively shallower than in phloxiphaga. The epi-

cranial setae are similar in the two species, although slightly

larger in full grown corn earworms.

Ripley (2) has shown that the labro-hypopharyngeal com-

plex which forms the spinneret and its supporting structures in

lepidopterous larvae is of great value in taxonomic work, although

the homologies of this area are not clearly understood. The

spinneret is located on the mesal portion of the membrane be-

tween the palpigers. The proximal sclerite of the spinneret varies

in shape and secondary chitinization within the family. In the

Noctuidae the palpigers form an incomplete ring, ending dorsally

at the labial palpi. The sensorium on either side of the median

ventral line is partially surrounded by a chitinized extension of

the palpiger, differing in shape within the family. In Heliothis

the hypopharynx is covered with numerous, short, stout setae

which are longer at the lateral margins.

The two species of Heliothis studied are so closely related

that, of the above characters, only the palpigers are of specific

value and even then, just in mature larvae. In obsoleta the pal-

pigers are narrower and the dorso-cephalic angle is more pro-

duced than in phloxiphaga. In addition, the proximal sclerite

of the labial palpi is usually larger in the former species.

The taxonomic value of the spinneret and its allied structures

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L- X V. NO. 3

has perhaps not yet been realized. These structures are of par-

ticular significance in those cases in which the more obvious

characters are not conclusive. A systematic arrangement of

noctuid larvae can only result from a more detailed morphologi-

cal examination of all larval structures. Such progress should be

of special importance to lepidopterists and agricultural entomol-

ogists.

The writer wishes to acknowledge the assistance and coopera-

tion extended by Dr. A. E. Michelbacher.

References

1. Lange, W. H. and A. E. Michelbacher, 1937. Two closely re-

lated species of Heliothis found in tomato fields of central

California. Bull. Calif. Dept. Agr., 26:320-325.

2. Ripley, L. B., 1923. The external morphology and postembry-

ology of noctuid larvas. 111. Biol. Monogr., 8: No. 4, p. 103.

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MEGARHYSSA

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidse)

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

University of California, Berkeley

The genus Megarhyssa Ashmead has recently been placed by

Roman (1933:38) in synonymy with Pimpla Fabricius on the

basis of a supposed type designation by Fabricius. However, as

pointed out by Richards (1937:117), Fabricius did not designate

genotypes in the sense of the present code of nomenclature; he

merely described one species in most of his genera more fully

than any of the others. For this reason, it seems that Megarhyssa

should not be considered a synonym of Pimpla.

Although several authors have given keys to our four species

of Megarhyssa, identification of certain specimens has remained

difficult because of the great color variation in some species. In

the keys here given, therefore, an attempt has been made to use

structural characteristics in separating the species.

Key to the North American Species of Megarhyssa

FEMALES

1. Middle of posterior margin of heavily sclerotized portion of

first sternite distinctly behind a vertical line through poste-

rior end of first abdominal spiracle; ovipositor about one and

one-half times as long as body; length of sclerotized part of

July, 1939]

MICHENER— MEGARHYSSA

127

seventh tergite on middorsal line nearly equal to length of

sixth tergite middorsally greenei Viereck

Middle of posterior margin of heavily sclerotized portion of

first sternite anterior to a vertical line through posterior end

of first abdominal spiracle; ovipositor nearly twice to nearly

three times as long as body; length of sclerotized part of sev-

enth tergite on middorsal line less than one-half length of

sixth tergite middorsally 2

2. Malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandibles; face

black with broad yellow lateral marks; tergites three to five

with conspicuous, yellow, round, lateral spots ; posterior

lateral angles of abdominal tergites three to five but little

produced, about right angular, although rounded

nortoni (Cresson)

Malar space shorter than basal width of mandibles; face

largely yellow, or at least with some yellowish medially;

tergites three to five without round yellow spots on sides 3

3. Posterior lateral angles of abdominal tergites three to five but

little produced, obtuse, rounded; body almost entirely black;

ovipositor nearly three times as long as body

atrata (Fabricius)

Posterior lateral angles of abdominal tergites three to five

produced, right angular or acute, although narrowly rounded;

body brown o r blackish, often with extensive yellow markings ;

ovipositor about twice as long as body lunator (Fabricius)

MALES

1. Middle of posterior margin of heavily sclerotized portion of

first sternite behind a vertical line through posterior end of

first abdominal spiracle by distance equal to that from ante-

rior end of first abdominal spiracle to anterior end of first

tergite greenei Viereck

Middle of posterior margin of heavily sclerotized portion of

first sternite on or only slightly posterior to a vertical line

through posterior end of first abdominal spiracle 2

2. Malar space longer than apical width of mandibles; face black

with broad, yellow, lateral marks; posterior lateral angles of

tergites three to six produced and acute, although narrowly

rounded nortoni (Cresson)

Malar space as long as apical width of mandibles; face largely

yellow, or at least with some yellowish medially 3

3. Posterior lateral angles of abdominal tergites three to six but

little produced, right angular or slightly acute, although

rounded atrata (Fabricius)

Posterior lateral angles of abdominal tergites three to six pro-

duced, very acute lunator (Fabricius)

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

Megarhyssa greenei Viereck

Although Rohwer (1920:426) agrees with Viereck in stating

that the female of this species has a cloud below the stigma,

specimens of both sexes from Ithaca, New York, June 25, 1917,

collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke have clear wings. Dr. G. Stuart

Walley writes that a majority of the specimens in the Canadian

National collection have immaculate wings, although a few

females have a spot behind the stigma.

Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson)

This is the only known species in the far west, where it is

quite common; but it is also found in the east, although appar-

ently rarely. Dr. Walley sends records of specimens from as far

east as Grand River, Nova Scotia, and points out that in eastern

specimens the abdomen is more brownish than in western ones,

and the mesocutum usually brownish instead of black as in

western individuals.

New York: Buffalo, October, 1900 (E. P. Van Duzee).

Utah : Aspen Grove, Mt. Timpanogos, July 6, 1935 (E. C. Van

Dyke); Park City, July 3, 1922 (E. P. Van Duzee). British

Columbia: Nanaimo Biological Station, June 26, 1920 (E. C.

Van Dyke) ; Trinity Valley, Lumby, September 2, 1937 (K.

Graham). Washington: Steven Pass, Cascade Mountains, July

14, 1930 (E. C. Van Dyke). Oregon: Fremont National Forest,

Klamath County, June 18, 1922 (E. C. Van Dyke). California:

Shasta Springs, June 5, 1920 (C. L. Fox) ; Mt. Shasta, July 30

(Graham Held) ; Meadow Valley, Plumas County, 4000 to 5000

feet, June 1 to 7, 1924 (E. C. Van Dyke) ; Cisco, June, 1910 (G.

Von Geldern) ; Zenia, June 19, 1935 (H. J. Rayner) ; Fallen

Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, July 9, 1915 (E. C. Van Dyke) ; Echo

Lake, July 23, 1933 (E. C. Zimmerman) ; Yosemite Valley, July

8, 1921 (E. C. Van Dyke) ; San Mateo County, June 20, 1936

(G. E. Bohart) ; Carmel, June 10, 1908 (F. X. Williams) ; Hunt-

ington Lake, Fresno County, 7000 feet, July 4 (E. P. Van Duzee) ;

Rock Creek Lakes, Inyo County, 9700 feet, July 19 to 21, 1934

(G. E. Bohart) ; Giant Forest, Tulare County, July 24, 1922

(C. L. Fox). The specimens recorded above are in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences.

July, 1939]

MICHENER— MEGARHYSSA

129

Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius)

This is a widely distributed and highly variable species.

Although specimens from any one locality exhibit a rather broad

range of variation in size and coloration, a study of individuals

from the entire distribution of the species shows that there are

several well defined geographic forms, as described below.

Megarhyssa lunator lunator (Fabricius)

Ground color usually rather light brown; antennas brown bas-

ally, yellower apically; face yellow with brown markings; wings

clear, almost always with dusky area behind apex of stigma;

stigma darker apically than basally; first tergite of female with

apical yellow fascia; tergites three to seven of female each with a

narrow V-shaped or curved yellow line on each side; first and

second tergites of male each with small, apical, yellow fascia.

This form is found from the Atlantic coast to the eastern

side of the Rocky Mountains, although apparently replaced by

phaeoptila in parts of the southern states.

The dark area on the fore wings is frequently reduced in size

in the males, and in one specimen from Ithaca, New York, col-

lected by E. C. Van Dyke it is entirely missing. Also a female

from Schuyler County, New York, August 28, 1878 (A. J. Burner)

lent from the National Museum collection through Mr. R. A.

Cushman has the dark areas of the wings inconspicuous and pale

yellowish. Possibly it is a teneral or in some way bleached

specimen.

Megarhyssa lunator phaeoptila Michener, new subspecies

Female: Ground color of body dark brown; antennae yellowish

brown; face largely brown; wings dark brown, with a clearer area

behind base of stigma; stigma darker apically than elsewhere;

first tergite with small yellow apical fascia; tergites three to

seven each with a very narrow V-shaped or curved subapical yel-

low line on each side, these lines broken on sixth tergite.

Holotype (U. S. N. M. Type number 53193) : Victoria, Texas,

October 15, 1910, on oak tree in river bottom (J. D. Mitchell).

Paratype: New Orleans, Louisiana (F. O. Minor). These speci-

mens were lent to me by Mr. Cushman from the National Museum

collection, to which they will be returned.

This is evidently a southern form of lunator, from which it

may most easily be distinguished by its almost entirely dark

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L- X V. NO. 3

brown wings (the wings are clear with a dark spot in typical

lunator ) . Also the yellow lines on the sides of abdominal ter-

gites three to seven of the female are narrower in phaeoptila than

in lunator.

Two additional female specimens from Austin, Texas, Octo-

ber, 1900 (A. L. Melander collection), kindly lent me by Mr.

R. D. Shenefelt of Washington State College, have the wings a

little clearer basally and subapically than in typical phaeoptila,

the ground color of the body not as dark brown as in the types,

and the lateral yellow lines of the abdomen broader, as in

typical lunator. Thus it is evident that phaeoptila intergrades

with lunator.

Megarhyssa lunator icterosticta Michener, new subspecies

Ground color of body light brown; antennee yellowish; face

almost entirely yellow; wings light golden brown, with clearer

area behind base of stigma in female, slightly darker area behind

apex of stigma in male; stigma evenly brown throughout; first

abdominal tergite of female without apical yellow fascia; tergites

three to seven of female with broad yellow lateral areas, those of

third tergite broad crescentic marks with lower arms longer than

upper; fourth and fifth tergites yellow except for the margins and

a middorsal band, narrowed posteriorly; sixth tergite yellow ex-

cept for margins, seventh yellow except for posterior margin and

area around spiracles; tergites one and two of male without apical

yellow fascias.

Holotype, female, No. 4761, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., allotype,

male, No. 4762, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., and thirteen paratypes

from Durango, Colorado, collected on July 9, 1933, by my friend,

Mr. K. L. Maehler. Females were ovipositing in a log. Addi-

tional specimens are from Ft. Douglas, Utah, June 15, 1933

(0. H. Swezey, Calif. Acad. Sci.), Salt Lake City, Utah, June 8,

1938 (Bill Higley) ; Beaver Canyon, Utah, August (U. S. N. M.) ;

Oak Creek Canyon, Utah, July 12, 1930 (L. F. Clarke) and June

14, 1937 (L. R. Jeppson) ; Roosevelt, July 17, 1938 (G. F.

Knowlton, F. C. Harmston) ; Grantsville, Utah, July 5, 1938 (L. L.

Hansen) ; Tooele, June 21, 1930 (G. F. Knowlton, M. J. Janes) ;

and Las Vegas, New Mexico (F. Springer, U. S. N. M.). Although

these specimens are darker than most of the Durango specimens,

especially in ground color, and some females have the yellow

marks of the sides of the fourth tergite reduced to broad cres-

July, 1939]

MICHENER— MEGARHYSSA

131

cents like those of the third tergite, none approach the colora-

tion of typical lunator. Nearly all specimens have the yellow

markings of the thorax more extensive than in lunator. Para-

types will be placed in the collections of the United States Na-

tional Museum, Colorado State College, University of Kansas,

K. L. Maehler, and the author.

This is a very distinct subspecies of lunator, if it is not a

distinct species. It occurs in the eastern part of the Great Basin

region, on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains, and east

into central New Mexico at least as far as Las Vegas. It is most

noticeably separated from lunator by the light brown wings and

the extensive yellow areas on the sides of the abdomen of the

female. The absence of yellow apical fasciae on the first two

abdominal tergites of the male and the first tergite of the female

in this otherwise strongly maculated form may lend weight to

the idea that this is a distinct species.

Megarhyssa lunator subspecies ( ? )

Under this heading I treat a single female specimen sent by

Mr. Cushman from the National Museum collection. It is from

College Farm, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, April, 1898, col-

lected by C. E. Mead, and from the T. D. A. Cockerell collection.

It is similar to icterosticta, although its wings are slightly paler

than in that subspecies, but the propodeum and first two abdom-

inal tergites are almost entirely yellow, and its yellow markings

otherwise are unusually extensive. Furthermore, the lateral

angles of tergites three to five are unusually blunt for lunator,

although there is some variation in this character in other sub-

species. A male which is exceptionally pale for icterosticta and

may belong to this form is from the Baboquivari Mountains,

Arizona, September, 1924 (0. C. Poling, Calif. Acad. Sci.).

Bibliography

Richards, 0. W., 1937. The generic names of British Hymenop-

tera Aculeata, with a checklist of British species, Gen. Names

Brit. Ins., R. Ent. Soc., London, part 5:81-149.

Rohwer, S. A., 1920. The North American ichneumon-flies of

the tribes Labenini, Rhyssini, Xoridini, Odontomerini, and Phyto-

dietini, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 57: 405-474.

Roman, A., 1933. A. few old ichneumonid genotypes, Ent.

Tidsk., 54:37-39.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L- X V. NO. 3

EAST ASIAN HISPIN^E AND CASSIDIN^E IN THE COLLEC-

TION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

BY J. LINSLEY GRESSITT

Lingnan University, Canton, China

This paper is in the nature of a brief report on the hispine

beetles and tortoise beetles from eastern Asia in the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. Most of

the material is from eastern China, Indo-China, the Philippine

Islands and Borneo, while the remainder is from Manchuria,

central and southern Japan, Formosa, western China, Hong Kong,

the East Indies and Ceylon. Many of the specimens were col-

lected in 1923 by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, some were taken by Mrs.

Dora E. Wright, and the remaining specimens were largely col-

lected by Dr. J. C. Thompson and Albert Koebele. In all, sixty-

nine species are enumerated, of which three are described as new

to science. Two of the latter are from Borneo and one is from

China, all three belonging to the Hispinae. I am greatly indebted

to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences

and to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of the University of California for the

privilege of studying this material, and to Dr. S. Maulik of the

British Museum for comparing certain specimens with types.

SUBFAMILY HISPINiE

Tribe Anisoderini

1. Lasiochila BALLI Uhmann, 1930

A singe topotype from Kanshirei, S. W. Formosa was col-

lected on March 25, 1909, by Dr. J. C. Thompson.

2. Lasiochila fe;e (Baly), 1888, new combination

One specimen was taken at Riv de Quangtri, Annam, Indo-

China, on April 25, 1925, by Mrs. Dora E. Wright. New to Indo-

China.

Tribe Callispini

3. Callispa apicalis Pic, 1924

A specimen was collected at Hangchow, Chekiang Province,

E. China, May 19, 1923, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

July, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYSOMELIDiE

133

4. Callispa bowringii Baly, 1858

A topotype is in the collection, taken on Hong Kong Island,

March 1, 1925.

5. Callispi cumingii Baly, 1858

One example was taken on Mt. Pina Tuba, Philippine Island,

5,600 ft. alt., April, 1907, by J. C. Thompson.

6. Callispa flavescens Weise, 1911

One specimen was collected at Alabang, Luzon, Philippine

Is., June 11, 1930.

7. Callispa fortunii Baly, 1858

Several were taken at Hangchow, Chekiang, E. China, May 23,

1923, by Dr. Van Dyke.

Tribe Leptispini

8. Leptispa godwini Baly, 1869

A few examples were taken at Hangchow, Chekiang, May 19,

1923, by Dr. Van Dyke.

Tribe Oncocephalini

9. Oncocephala bicristata Chapuis, 1876

Seven specimens were collected at Subig Bay, Luzon, May

1907, J. C. Thompson; one was taken at Dolores, Luzon, May 17,

1930.

10. Oncocephala quadrilobata Guerin, 1844 ?

One specimen was taken at Hue, Annam, Indo-China, May 15,

1927, by Mrs. Dora E. Wright.

Tribe Promecothecini

11. Promecotheca cumingi Baly, 1858

A specimen was taken at Manila, Philippine Is., March 1926.

Tribe Gonophorini

12. Downesia vandykei Gressitt, new species

Small, very narrow, broadest posteriorly; shiny; reddish

brown, posterior four-fifths of elytra pitchy, neck pitchy red above

and below, pitchy black at sides, occiput dull reddish brown, pitchy

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XV. NO. 3

at sides, antennas pitchy brown to pitchy black, first two segments

reddish brown, eyes blackish with golden-brown markings, first

two abdominal segments yellowish brown, remainder reddish

brown.

Head rounded anteriorly, nearly as wide as basal margin of

prothorax; frons swollen, transverse, punctured, its posterior

margin convex; vertex depressed, non-tuberculate ; occiput nearly

plane, feebly concave behind, finely and sparsly punctured; eyes

large, about one-third deeper than wide, strongly convex interiorly;

neck shiny, nearly impunctate. Antennas one-third as long as body,

thickened apically, clothed with minute golden-brown hairs, scape

nearly glabrous, swollen, barely longer than second segment, which

is cylindrical; third nearly as long as second, a little longer than

fourth; fourth to sixth subequal; seventh to tenth a little longer,

subequal; last longest. Prothorax slightly longer than broad,

widened toward apex; sides nearly straight; apical margin con-

vex, basal margin feebly so; surface convex, minutely and irregu-

larly punctulate; base transversely grooved; lateral margins

slightly expanded. Scutellum small, slightly concave. Elytra wid-

ened toward apex, broadly rounded behind, longitudinally punctured

in seven rows anteriorly and in eight rows posteriorly, first row

branching a little before middle, three raised lines between pairs

of punctures, first broad and depressed on basal half, all distinctly

raised apically. Metasternum punctured only along lateral mar-

gins; abdomen finely punctulate on apical segments. Length 4.4

mm.; breadth 1.2 mm.

Holotype, No. 4696, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Hangchow,

Chekiang Province, East China, May 19, 1923, collected by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. Named in honor of the collector as a slight

token of gratitude for kindness and aid extended by him to the

writer.

This species differs from D. marginicollis Weise in being

about one-half as large, mostly red instead of black, with the

elytra red on basal fifth, etc. Differs from D. tarsata Baly in

having the elytra largely black instead of yellowish, the tarsi

brownish instead of black, etc.

13. Agonia purpurascens Gressitt, new species

Moderately elongate, nearly parallel. Body metallic reddish

purple to purplish brown: head brownish purple; antennae black

with silvery pubescence on apical two-fifths; pronotum bronzy or

brownish purple; scutellum blackish; elytra shiny reddish purple;

ventral surfaces reddish brown with bronzy or purplish tinges;

legs pitchy, greenish and bronzy in part. Dorsal surfaces of body

glabrous; borders of abdomen narrowly with short pale oblique

hairs.

july, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYS0MELIDA3

135

Head barely as broad as anterior margin of prothorax, smooth,

impunctate except on labrum. Antennas a little more than one-half

as long as body, moderately slender; scape about as long as, though

thicker than, second segment; third about as long as eleventh, a

little shorter than combined length of first two segments; sixth

longer than fifth and shorter than fourth; last thickest, subacute

apically. Prothorax distinctly broader than long, almost evenly

narrowed from base to constricture just before apex; disc im-

punctate in center, hardly grooved medially, obliquely grooved and

punctured at each side of base, concave and densely punctured on

each side. Elytra long, subparallel-sided; each with three longi-

tudinal costae and eight to eleven rows of heavy punctures: third

costa subobsolete along central portion, second interspace with

three, and in part four, rows of punctures basally, and outermost

with one extra row near base each with two rows from before

middle to near apex. Ventral surfaces almost impunctate except

near apex of abdomen. Length 7.4 mm.; breadth 2.6 mm.

Holotype, No. 4697, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Mt. Murud,

Borneo, Mjoberg collection, W. W. Funge bequest.

Differs from A. jacobsoni Uhmann in being smaller, in hav-

ing the prothorax and elytra both nearly unicolorous and lacking

black markings, the ventral surfaces purplish brown instead of

black, the third antennal segment shorter than fourth and fifth

combined, fourth to tenth segments not equal in length and

thickness, each elytron with four rows of punctures for a short

distance near base of second interstice, etc.

14. Agonia xanthosticta (Gestro), 1897

A specimen is in the collection from Kuching, Borneo, Mjo-

berg collection.

15. Agonia (Agoniella) vandepolli (Gestro), 1897

Six examples were taken at Subig Bay, Luzon, P. I., May

1907, by J. C. Thompson.

16. Gonophora albitarsis Gestro, 1910 ?

Two specimens from the Mjoberg collection labelled “Baram

Rov” are in the Academy. These are probably from Borneo.

17. Gonophora apicalis Baly, 1858

One specimen was taken at Dolores, Luzon, P. I., May 17,

1930.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . X V. NO. 3

18. Gonophora bomeana Gressitt, new species

Moderately broad, slightly widened posteriorly. Largely metal-

lic greenish, blue or purplish; head green above, purplish brown

on frons and labrum; antennse greenish black basally, pitchy brown

beyond middle and whitish testaceous on last two segments; pro-

thorax green, somewhat bronzy along central portion; scutellum

blackish; elytra frosted green along suture and on parts of base,

bluish along external margins, bluish black on central portions of

discs, and purplish on raised costae; ventral surfaces purplish

black; legs pitchy with greenish or bronzy reflections.

Head convex and slightly uneven above, hardly punctate. An-

tennae three-fifths as long as body, slightly thickened beyond mid-

dle; scape a little longer and thicker than second segment; third

almost as long as preceding two combined and subequal to each of

following two; sixth to tenth shorter, subequal. Prothorax not

quite twice as broad as long, a narow transverse groove near apex

and base; sides sinuate and feebly dentate, widest just before mid-

dle, suddenly constricted before apex; disc impunctuate on anterior

median portion, narrowly grooved from just before center to near

base, deeply impressed in an oblique direction on each side and

bearing irregular coarse punctures. Elytra slightly sinuate lat-

erally, each with three costae, the inner two strongly raised and

the third nearly obsolete; punctures in seven rows at middle, last

two interspaces merged and with three punctures, second inter-

space with three rows at base; apices without distinct teeth. Ab-

dominal sternites in part finely puctured. Length 6.5 mm.; breadth

2.65 mm.

Holotype, No. 4794, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Mt. Murud,

Borneo, Mjoberg collection; W. W. Funge bequest.

Differs from G. chalybeata Baly in being largely green or

blue-green above and purplish black beneath, in having the pro-

thorax much broader than long, the elytra with the third costa

almost lacking, with three puncture-rows in the last two inter-

stices together, and with the apices practically untoothed.

19. Gonophora h^morrhoidalis (Weber), 1801

One specimen is in the Academy from Mt. Poi, Sarawak,

Borneo.

20. Gonophora xanthomel^na (Wied.), 1823

One specimen was collected at Siborangit, Borneo.

July, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYSOMELIDiE

137

Tribe Hispini

21. Monochirus Mcerens (Baly), 1874

A large series of specimens was taken at Nanking, Kiangeu

Prov., E. China, May 4, June 10, 20 and September 14, 1923, one

at Nantung, E. China, May 9, 1932, and several at Unzen Hot

Springs, Kyushu, S. Japan, July 8-12, 1923, all by Dr. Van Dyke.

22. Monochirus sp.

A few specimens were taken on Mt. Pina Tuba, Philippine

Is., April 1907, by J. C. Thompson. These may represent the

form recorded from Luzon as M. callicanthus (Bates) , but they

appear to differ at least subspecifically from typical Formosan

material.

23. Rhadinosa nigrocyanea (Motsch.) 1861

Several specimens were collected at Nikko, Honshu, Japan,

July 30, 1923, by Dr. Van Dyke, and one at Ikao, Honshu, in

August 1909, by Dr. Thompson.

24. Dactylispa angulosa (Solsky), 1872

A large series was taken at Nanking, Kiangsu Province, E.

China, April 25, 30, May 4; and several at Hangchow, Chekiang,

E. China, May 18, 1923, by Dr. Van Dyke; a few examples were

taken at Mokan Shan, Chekiang, in August 1927, by Mrs. Dora E.

Wright. Some additional specimens are in the Academy from

Nagoya, Honshu, Japan, May 15, 1909.

25. Dactylispa cladophora (Guerin), 1841

One example was taken at Alabang, Luzon, P. I., May 29,

1929.

26. Dactylispa corpulentina Uhmann, 1927

A few specimens were taken on the Island of Formosa by Dr.

J. C. Thompson.

27. Dactylispa dimidiata (Gestro), 1885

Two specimens from Kota Tjane (Borneo?) are in the Mjo-

berg collection.

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . X V. NO. 3

28. Dactylispa sauteri Uhmann, 1927

Several examples were taken by Dr. J. C. Thompson in For-

mosa.

29. Dactylispa subquadrata (Baly), 1874

Several were taken at Nanking, Kiangsu, E. China, April 30,

1932, E. C. Van Dyke, and Nagoya, Japan, May 15, 1909.

30. Dactylispa vittuta (Chapuis), 1876

Ten specimens were collected at Subig Bay, Luzon, May 1907,

and two at Mt. Pina Tuba, 5,600 ft. alt., Luzon, April 1907, by

J. C. Thompson.

31. Platypria echidna Guerin, 1840

A single specimen is in the collection, labelled “Loo Choo,

China, May 1910, collected by J. C. Thompson.” This is prob-

ably from Okinawa Island in the central Ryu Kyu Archipelago.

The species is new to the Ryu Kyu Islands, and the genus is new

to the Japanese Archipelago.

SUBFAMILY CASSIDIN^

Tribe Priopterini

32. Hoplionota sp.

Two specimens are in the collection from Luzon: one from

Subig Bay, May 1, 1907, J. C. Thompson, the other from Ala-

bang, June 11, 1930.

33. Calopepla leayana insulana Gressitt, 1938

A paratype is in the Van Dyke collection, taken at No-kyu-

chun, Hainan Island, March 22, 1936.

34. Prioptera angusta Spaeth, 1914

One specimen, taken at Kuraru, Koshun, S. Formosa on June

10, 1932, is in the Van Dyke collection.

35. Prioptera chinensis (Fabr.), 1798

Several were collected at Hangchow, Chekiang, E. China,

May 23, 1923, by Dr. Van Dyke.

July, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYSOMELIDiE

139

36. Prioptera immaculata Wegener, 1881

One specimen was taken at Alabang, Luzon, P. I., June 11,

1930.

37. Prioptera maculipennis reducta Gressitt, 1938

One specimen collected by the writer at Ta-hian, C. Hainan

Id., June 12, 1935, is in the Van Dyke collection.

38. Prioptera sinuata (Olivier), 1790?

A specimen was taken at Alabang, Luzon, P. I., June 11, 1930.

39. Prioptera whitei trabeata Fairmaire, 1888

Mokan Shan, Chekiang; Cha-yuan, Chekiang.

40. Megapyga coeruleomaculata Boheman, 1850

One example was collected at Alabang, Luzon, P. I., June 11,

1930.

41. Megapyga terminalis Boheman, 1862

One specimen from Alabang, Luzon, June 11, 1930, is in the

collection.

Tribe Aspidomorphini

42. Aspidomorpha difformis (Motsch.) 1860

Specimens were taken at Hangchow, Chekiang, E. China, May

19, and Weisohn, August 31, and Chin San, September 10, Man-

churia, 1923, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke; additional specimens were

collected at Mokan Shan, Chekiang, September 9, 1927, by Mrs.

Dora E. Wright.

43. Aspidomorpha dorsata (Fabr.), 1787

One specimen is in the Van Dyke collection, taken at Ta-hian,

Hainan Id., June 17, 1935, by J. L. Gressitt.

44. Aspidomorpha furcata (Thunb.) 1789

A few were taken at Riv de Quangtri, Annam, Indo-China,

April 14-15, 1927, Mrs. Dora E. Wright; one was collected

on Hong Kong Id. in October 1895; one at Kandy, Ceylon, by

Albert Koebele; and another at Chung-kon, Hainan Id., July 19,

1935, J. L. Gressitt.

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . X V. NO. 3

45. Aspidomorpha fuscopunctata Boheman, 1854

Riv de Tchepone, Annam; Subig Bay, Luzon; Liamui, Hainan

Island.

46. Aspidomorpha indica Boheman, 1854

One specimen was taken at Riv de Quangtri, April 14, and

another at Hue, May, 15, Annan, Indo-China, 1927, by Mrs. Dora

E. Wright.

47. Aspidomorpha miliaris (Fabr.), 1775

One example was taken at Riv de Hue, Annam, Indo-China,

May 16, 1927, Dora E. Wright; another at Ta-hian, Hainan Id.,

June 19, 1935, Gressitt; six at Buitenzorg, Java, April 8, 1908,

E. Cordier; four at Djirak, near Palembang, Sumatra, April 1929,

G. W. Heid; three at Subig Bay, Luzon, May 1900, J. C. Thomp-

son; and three at Manila.

48. Aspidomorpha sanct^e-crucis (Fabr.), 1792

One specimen is in the Academy labelled merely “India,

Koebele collection” ; two were taken on Hainan Id. by the writer :

one at Tai-pin (Dwa-bi), July 22, and one at Liamui, August 1,

1935; three specimens, perhaps from Borneo, are from the Mjo-

berg collection.

49. Aspidomorpha sanct^-crucis fraterna Baly, 1863

Two specimens were collected at Hue, Annam, Indo-China,

May 15, 1927, by Mrs. Dora E. Wright.

50. Laccoptera quadrimaculata bohemani Weise, 1910

Specimens were taken at the following localities: Hangchow,

Chekiang, May 23, 1923, E. C. Van Dyke; Mokan Shan, Chekiang,

September 9-23, 1927, Dora E. Wright; Foochow, Fukien, 1926,

C. R. Kellogg; Hong Kong, J. Koebele; Taipeh (Taihoku), For-

mosa, May 9, 1909, J. C. Thompson; Riv de Hue, Annam, Indo-

China, March 16, 1927, Dora E. Wright.

51. Laccoptera quatuordecimnotata Boheman, 1855

Two specimens were collected on Ceylon by Albert Koebele.

july, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYSOMELIDiE

141

52. Laccoptera tridecimpunctata (Fabr.), 1801

Three specimens were taken at Subig Bay, Luzon, P. I., by

Dr. J. C. Thompson, May 1907.

53. Laccoptera vigintisexnotata puncticollis Gressitt, 1938

Six specimens were taken at Riv de Quangtri, Annam, May

3-5, 1927, by Mrs. Dora E. Wright.

Tribe Coptocyclini

54. Thlaspida japonica Spaeth, 1914

Specimens were taken at Hangchow, Chekiang, May 19, 1923,

E. C. Van Dyke; Mokan Shan, Chekiang, August 20-September

23, 1927, Dora E. Wright; Kwanhsien, Szechuan, W. China, July

11, 1928; Nikko and Miyanoshita, Honshu, Japan, August 1895,

Albert Koebele; Unzen Hot Springs, Kyushu, July 8-12, E. C.

Van Dyke; Taipeh (Taihoku), Formosa, May 2-9, 1909 and

Keelung (Kiirun), Formosa, April 21, 1909, J. C. Thompson.

55. Metriona circumdata (Herbst), 1799

Four were collected on Yakushima, south of Kyushu, Japan,

April 1912, and several on Ishigaki Id., S. Ryu Kyu Is., May

1910, J. C. Thompson; one is labelled “Keelung, China, 1910,

coll, by Victor Kuhne” (probably Kiirun, Formosa) ; several

were taken at Swatow, S. China, and one on Hong Kong, by

Albert Koebele; one at Riv de Tchepone, April 9, and one at Riv

de Quangtri, April 14, Annam; three from Manila were presented

by R. Hopping; and one was collected at Manila on February

19, 1929, by E. G. Linsley.

56. Metriona sigillata (Gorham), 1885

One was taken at Miyanoshita, Honshu, Japan, June 1, 1895,

A. Koebele; another is labelled “Japan; Koebele”; and one was

taken at Mokan Shan, Chekiang, E. China, September 24, 1927,

Dora E. Wright.

57. Metriona thais (Boheman) , 1862

Several were collected at Hangchow, Chekiang, May 19-June

2, 1923, E. C. Van Dyke; and one at Mokan Shan, August 28,

1927, Dora E. Wright.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XV. NO. 3

Tribe Cassidini

58. Cassida (Deloyala) vespertina Boheman, 1862

Five were taken at Mokan Shan, Chekiang, August 25, Sep-

tember 24-28, 1927, Dora E. Wright; one at Hangchow, Chekiang,

May 25, 1932, E. C. Van Dyke; and another at Kwanhsien,

Szechuan, W. China, July 10, 1928.

59. Cassida (Cassida) fuscorufa Motsch., 1866

Several were taken at Nanking, April 30, May 4, June 2 and

25, and a few at Hangchow, May 19, 1923, by Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke; one is labelled “Japan; Koebele”.

60. Cassida (Cassida) jap ana Baly, 1874

One example was collected at Nagasaki, Japan, July 6, 1923,

by Dr. Van Dyke.

61. Cassida (Cassida) lineola Creutzer, 1799

Several were taken at Moji, Kyushu, July 7, and Kyoto, July

16, Japan, 1923, E. C. Van Dyke; one at Harada, Kobe, Japan,

June 13, 1911, J. E. A. Lewis; one at Tunglu, China, March 30,

1926, and two at Mokan Shan, Chekiang, September 16 and 28,

1927, Dora E. Wright.

62. Cassida (Cassida) mongolica Boheman, 1854

One was collected at Tung-ko Forest Station, Kiangsu, China,

June 11, 1923, E. C. Van Dyke.

63. Cassida (Cassida) nebulosa Linn., 1758

One specimen was taken at Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan, August

1910, J. C. Thompson, and another at Mukden, Manchuria, Au-

gust 14, 1923, E. C. Van Dyke.

64. Cassida (Cassida) obtusata Boheman, 1854

Three examples were collected on Hong Kong Id., October

1895, Albert Koebele; two were taken at Riv de Tchepone, An-

nam, April 9, 1927, Dora E. Wright; one is labelled “China,

Koebele”; one was collected at Manila in February 1926; and

one was taken at Alabang, Luzon, June 11, 1930.

July, 1939]

GRESSITT — CHRYS0MELIDA3

143

65. Cassida (Cassida) piperata Hope, 1842

A few were taken at Nanking, Kiangsu, May 4 and June 19,

1923, E. C. Van Dyke; one was taken at Kobe, Japan, in Febru-

ary 1909, J. C. Thompson.

66. Cassida (Cassida) Triangulum (Weise), 1897

One example was taken at Riv de Quangtri, Annam, Indo-

China, April 14, 1927, Dora E. Wright.

67. Chirida punctata (Weber), 1801

Several specimens were collected at Riv de Tchepone, April

9, two at Riv de Quangtri, April 14, and one at Riv de Hue,

March 16, 1927, Dora E. Wright. One was collected at Kota

Tjane, Borneo ( ? ) , Mjoberg collection, W. W. Funge bequest.

68. Chirida scalaris (Weber), 1801

A single specimen was collected at Riv de Hue, Annam, Indo-

China, March 16, 1927, by Mrs. Dora E. Wright; two were taken

at Djirak, near Palembang, Sumatra, April 1929, by G. W. Heid.

69. Hebdomecosta reitteri Spaeth, 1915

One specimen was collected at Hangchow, Chekiang Prov.,

E. China, May 19, 1923, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

Aphids on Spiraea

(H omoptera, Aphididas)

The fact that aphids may indirectly be the cause of much

annoyance in the house was recently observed in the case of the

green citrue aphid, Aphis spircecola Patch on its native host, the

bridal wreath shrub, Spircea, which is commonly planted around

houses in Los Angeles. Many species of flying insects are at-

tracted to the honey dew, including the house fly, the stable fly,

the green bottle fly, fruit fly and numerous others. It has been

observed several times that if the bridal wreath shrub was not

cared for, the inhabitants of the house suffered no little discom-

fort from these household pests. — N. Stahler.

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L> X V. NO. 3

The Puget Sound Entomological Society

Entomological workers in western Washington gathered at the

University of Washington, Seattle, on Friday, March 10, 1939,

and organized The Puget Sound Entomological Society. The ob-

jectives of the society are to promote the study of insects,

arachnids, and terrestrial arthropods in western Washington,

and to promote the mutual welfare of the members through the

exchange of ideas at meetings and field trips. Membership is

open to persons of good character who are engaged in entomol-

ogical activities. The society will hold two regular meetings

annually, in February and October, the precise time and place

to be determined by the Executive Committee which is com-

posed of three elective officers. The present officers are: Profes-

sor Trevor Kincaid, University of Washington, president; Mr.

S. E. Crumb, Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology and Plant

Quarantine, vice-president, and Dr. E. P. Breakey, Entomologist,

Western Washington Experiment Station, secretary-treasurer.

Special meetings may be called by the Executive Committee at

such time and place as it may determine.

The Organization of the Puget Sound Entomological Society

was the result of a movement initiated in the fall of 1938 by Dr.

Breakey. Thirty-two persons with entomological interests, both

professional and hobby, gathered in Puyallup on November 18,

1938. Many spent the afternoon visiting the Western Washing-

ton Experiment Station, and the U. S. Bureau of Entomology

and Plant Quarantine Field Stations in Puyallup and Sumner.

In the evening the group gathered for dinner, after which a dis-

cussion was held on the desirability of forming a permanent

organization. Dr. Breakey was elected provisional chairman and

Mr. Charles F. Doucette, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar-

antine, Sumner, provisional secretary. The chairman appointed

a committee on organization: Prof. Melville H. Hatch, University

of Washington, chairman, to present a constitution and by-laws

for discussion and approval at the next meeting. A nominating

committee, Mr. W. W. Baker, Bureau of Entomology and Plant

Quarantine, chairman, was also appointed.

The October meeting is to be held in Puyallup. A program

is being formulated and some good papers are anticipated. —

E. P. Breakey, Secretary-Treasurer.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

California Academy of Sciences

Entomology Department

San Francisco, California

BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

By W. G. Wright, 1907

Bound volumes of the thirty-two beautiful colored plates of this

work, of which a large proportion of the complete books burned in

the great San Francisco fire, may be obtained from the curator of

entomology. Explanations of each plate and an index make this a

very convenient handbook for field identification of West Coast

butterflies. Price $2.50.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages,

including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the

treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the

early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip-

tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs,

Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van

Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the

Society’s Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes

1 and 2 as above, $5.00.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Complete sets are still available at no increase in price. Volumes

1 to 14, 1924 to date, $28.00. Single copies are priced at 50 cents.

A few papers from early volumes are available separately. Price

sent upon application.

Vol. XV

October, 1939

No. 4

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

MAYO, NEW WESTERN EPHEMEROPTERA 146

LINSLEY, NEW ANDRENID BEES FROM CALIFORNIA 166

CAZIER, A NEW ARIZONA PRIOCERA 162

SABROSKY, A NEW NORTH AMERICAN ASTEIA _ . 166

BAILEY, A NEW THRIPS FROM THE MOJAVE DESERT . 168

SAMPSON, CALIFORNIA APHIDS OF THE GENUS PHORODON 173

DREWS, APHIDIDiE OF NEVADA , 176

TIMBERLAKE, TWO NEW ACM^EODERA FROM CALIFORNIA 179

CUSHMAN, A NEW ANGITIA, PARASITIC ON THE

ARTICHOKE PLUME-MOTH 183

TORRE-BUENO, ELASMOSTETHUS IN NORTH AMERICA 186

COCKERELL, A NEW COLLETES FROM SANTA CATALINA ISLAND.... 188

3EAMER, TWO NEW PASADENUS 190

AITKEN, ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS COMPLEX OF

WESTERN AMERICA ... 191

NOTES AND REVIEWS 164, 182, 186, 187, 189

San Francisco, California

1939

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

EDITORIAL BOARD

E. P. Van Duzee R. L. Usinger E. C. Van Dyke

Editor Emeritus Editor Associate Editor

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G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley

T rcasurer

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society

Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic

and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up

to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and

distribution.

Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VOL. XV, No. 4

October, 1939

NEW WESTERN EPHEMEROPTERA

BY VELMA KNOX MAYO

Goldfield, Nevada

During the spring and summer of 1938 I collected Mayflies

in the Sierra Nevada of California, particularly in the Mother

Lode region. All the material has not been completed for pub-

lication. The Ephemerella, which were found to be most com-

mon, are to be discussed in a subsequent paper along with several

other new species.

Male imagos of Callibcetis calif ornicus Banks were taken at

Jackson, California, April 22, 1938. A male imago of Siphlo-

nurus occidentalis Eaton was taken from Dry Creek near Dry

Town, California, May 30, 1938. Rhithrogena flavianula McDun-

nough, male and female imagos, were abundant on the Middle

Fork of the Consumnes River in the Pi Pi Valley, Sierra Nevada

(altitude 4000 ft.) on May 29, and June 5, 1938.

Among the new species collected, the following are here d&

scribed: Siphlonurus maria, n. sp., Ameletus amador, n. sp., and

Paraleptophlebia placeri, n. sp.

I wish to acknowledge the kindness of Dr. James G. Needham

of Cornell University in supplying paratypes of the western

species in the Cornell collection. Dr. J. McDunnough, Chief, Di-

vision of Systematic Entomology, Ottawa, Canada, has contrib-

uted material and advice which have been indispensable in this

work.

Siphlonurus maria Mayo, new species

(Plate I)

Male (Figure 8). A dark, reddish-brown species. Head yellow

with wide red-brown band across median carina. Basal segment of

antenna light brown, pale apically. Ocelli milky white. Eyes with

a white oblique band dividing the light brown portion above from

the black portion below. Thorax brown; sutures tinged with olive

green; posterior part of scutum yellowish near midline. Pleural

sclerites reddish-brown, unsclerotized areas white. Prosternal

sclerites tinged with pink; mesosternum reddish-brown; meta-

sternum dark brown anteriorly, washed to olive. Fore legs shorter

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL.XV. NO. 4

than body, yellowish-brown. Anterior coxal sutures bright red-

dish-brown. Femora washed with light brown, fine dark spines

along upper margins, joinings tinged with smoky gray; tibiae

with heavier spines, lighter color toward apex; tarsi faintly

tinged with light brown; fine black line at apex of tarsal seg-

ments. Middle and hind femora streaked with light reddish-brown,

no spines; tibiae yellowish; tarsal segments tinged with light

brown, the last segments darker. Wings as in figure 8. Hind wings

coffee brown. Abdominal tergites brown, marked with dark trache-

ations. Segments one to seven light brown except for bright

reddish-brown lateral triangles and sub-median spots which are

connected to form a reddish-brown band on the posterior margin

of each segment. Lateral margins and anterior triangles yellowish-

white. Segments eight to ten darker; the lateral triangle on ninth

segment blackish; postero-lateral spines present on tergite nine.

Sternites pale yellowish-white except for the prominent reddish-

brown oblique bands which are united anteriorly to form the usual

U-shaped marks. Sternite nine dark reddish-brown except for

small pale antero-lateral triangles. Forceps and forceps base pur-

plish; forceps not angulate. Ventral lobes of penes smoky at

tip; both lobes heavily sclerotized. Unsclerotized portions white,

membranous (Figure 3). Distinct spines on dorsal lobes (Figure

2). Tails reddish-brown at base, white apically, joinings brown.

Length: body 14 to 17 mm., tails 15 to 18 mm., wing 12 to 13 mm.

Female. Head yellowish; brown band across median carina.

Median brown band between eyes; no oblique line across eyes as in

male. Thorax as in male. Both wings with dark brown patch;

in fore wing below bulla, in hind wing in radial space. Hind

wing not darkened with amber as in male. Abdominal tergites

more strikingly marked in female. In the living specimen the eggs

give a fresh green tinge to segments one to seven. Reddish-brown

lateral triangles and submedian spots as in male; on either side of

mid-line are brown spots that become more prominent on tergites

seven to ten, and appear as reddish-brown streaks on segments

nine and ten. Segment nine with postero-lateral spines. Sternites

as in male, with prominent reddish-brown U-shaped markings.

Tails as in male. Sub-anal plate with a median spine (Figure 1).

Length: body 15 to 20 mm., tails 15 to 20 mm., wing 14 to 17 mm.

Nymph. Mottled brown species. Thorax spotted, legs banded.

Gills double on first two abdominal segments only. The pattern on

tergites is bright reddish-brown (Figure 7). On fourth tergite a

distinct white medial spot is conspicuous in the living specimen.

Ventral pattern of the imago is prominent on sternites. The cast

skin does not have the U-shaped marks, however. Mouthparts as

in figures 4-6. Dark band across tails, slightly beyond middle. The

male can readily be distinguished from the female by its smaller

oct. 1939]

MAYO— NEW EPHEMEROPTERA

147

Siphlonurus maria Mayo, new species : Figure 1, sub-anal plate

of female; 2, male genitalia, dorsal view showing two lobes of

penis; 3, male genitalia; 4, labrum of nymph; 5, right mandible of

nymph; 6, maxilla of nymph; 7, dorsal abdominal segments seven

and eight of nymph; 8, male imago.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 4

size and by the position of the eyes which almost touch medially.

Length: body 16 to 20 mm.

Holotype, male imago (in alcohol), Jesus Maria Creek, Jesus

Maria, California, May 26, 1938. Altitude 1800 ft. Reared from

nymph. Allotype, female imago (in alcohol), same locality,

May 29, 1938. Reared from nymph. Paratypes: four male

imagos, Jesus Maria Creek, May 19, 1938; Dry Creek, near Dry

Town, California, altitude 1500 ft., May 12, 22, 1938; nine

female imagos, Jesus Maria Creek, May 24, 1938, and Dry Creek,

May 7, 10, 18, 21, June 12, 1938. Also there were fourteen male

subimagos taken as follows: Jesus Maria, May 10, 15, 22, 28,

1938; Dry Creek, May 11, 12, 14, 20, 22, 1938. Five female sub-

imagos were taken from Dry Creek, May 7, 20, June 12, 1938.

Nymphal type, male (in alcohol), Dry Creek, near Dry

Town, California, May 1, 1938; female (in alcohol), Dry Creek,

May 30, 1938; nymphal paratypes, eighteen specimens, Jesus

Maria Creek, Jesus Maria, California, April 6, May 10, 1938.

This species is related to S. spectabilis Traver in type of

genitalia. However, the two species may readily be distinguished.

S. spectabilis Traver is a pale species while maria is dark red-

dish brown. The wings of maria are more prominently speckled

than those of spectabilis Traver. The dark brown hind wings in

the male of maria are a distinct contrast to the pale hind wings

in the male of spectabilis Traver. Moreover, maria has a promi-

nent oblique band across the eye, whereas the eye of spectabilis

Traver has no such oblique band. The forceps of maria are much

longer than those of spectabilis Traver; the apical margin of

forceps is not concave. Spines on the dorsal lobes of penes of

maria are larger and more prominent than those of spectabilis

Traver.

S. maria, n. sp., cannot be confused with a third western

species, S. occidentalis Eaton. Occidentalis Eaton is a large,

brown species, but has hyaline wings, no oblique band on eye,

and a different type of genitalia.

Only two other species, S. marshalli Traver, and S. mirus

Eaton have darkened hind wings in the male. Neither of these

species has the prominent abdominal markings of maria nor is

there a similarity in genitalic structure.

oct. 1939]

MAYO— NEW EPHEMEROPTERA

149

Ameletus amador Mayo, new species

(Plate II)

Male (Figure 12). Head dark brown; bases of antennae white.

Ocelli white, eyes greenish in living specimen. Pronotum blackish-

brown laterally, lighter along midline. Mesonotum lighter; prescu-

tum dark brown bordered anteriorly by unsclerotized areas of

bright yellow. Scutum light reddish-brown tinged with olive along

sutures. Scutellum bright yellow medially, blackish-brown later-

ally. Scutellum of metanotum distinctly yellow medially and

blackish-brown laterally. Pleuron with striking color contrasts:

episternum blackish; pleural trochantin light reddish-brown;

some of unsclerotized areas tinged with rose; white around spir-

acles and wing base. Basisternal sclerite of prosternum blackish;

cervical membrane distinctly white; furcisternum deep rose. Meso-

and metasterna dark brown. Fore femur purplish brown; tibia

and tarsus lighter brown. Middle and hind legs yellowish; femur

and tarsal joinings tinged with light reddish brown. Wings

speckled; longitudinal veins reddish brown; cross veins distinct

and margined with smoky brown (Figure 12). First segment of

abdomen dark brown laterally; medially and along posterior mar-

gin light brown with dark ganglionic markings; segments two to

six yellow with postero-lateral triangles of reddish brown, these

connected by reddish brown bands in the posterior half of each

segment; with a small triangular marking on either side of midline

which, on segments seven to ten, is extended as a brown line almost

to the anterior margin. Segments seven to ten darker; lateral tri-

angles blackish brown. Dark tracheations prominent on all ter-

gites. Sternite one brown; two, lighter, with a patch on either side

of midline. Sternites three to six semi-hyaline. On segment three

the brown patches on either side of midline near anterior margin

are very much smaller than on preceding segment, and on sternites

four to six they gradually become indistinct and scarcely dis-

cernible. Sternites seven to nine bright reddish brown except for

semi-hyaline triangular areas on anterior lateral margins. Ster-

nite nine blackish laterally. Forceps and forceps base reddish

brown with a purple tinge. Fourth segment of forceps very light.

Penes light brown. Tails dark brown basally, light distally.

Length: body 12 to 13 mm., wing 11 mm., tails 14 mm.

Female. More uniformly colored than male. Head brown with

dark tracheations; white around bases of antennas; blackish

brown at bases of ocelli; pale yellow around eyes with reddish

brown stripe at midline between them. Thorax lighter than that

of male. Prothorax reddish brown with dark tracheations. Meso-

notum light brown washed with olive along sutures. Prescutum

dark brown bordered with bright yellow as in male. The rounded

posterior humps on the scutum dark reddish brown bordered medi-

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 4

ally by light yellow. On either side of midline in this area is a red

patch. Scutellum yellow with dark tracheations ; laterally not as

dark as in male. Fore legs brown; tibise and tarsi dark brown;

middle and hind legs yellowish; femora washed with light reddish

brown, with several dark tracheations; tibiae yellow, tarsi light

brown. Wings speckled but not as prominently as those of male. All

abdominal segments reddish brown; first segment darker; lateral

triangles and posterior borders of segments reddish; all segments

with dark tracheations. Sternite one reddish brown, sternites two

to six lighter brown and segments seven to nine dark reddish

brown. Indistinct brown patches on either side of midline near

anterior margin on segments two to six. Tails dark brown basally,

whitish distally. Length: body 12 mm., wing 11 mm.

Nymph (Figure 9). The nymph has prominent dark reddish

brown markings dorsally. The head and thorax mottled with

brown. Legs washed with brown; not banded. Abdominal tergites

marked as in figure 9. Sternites one to three pale; four and five

marked with a wide, brown band extending almost to the lateral

margins; anterior lateral triangles pale. Sternites six and seven

pale except for prominent medial spots. Sternites eight and nine

largely dark brown. Sternite eight with a prominent black gan-

glionic area. Tails with a wide, brown band medially. Length:

body, male 10 mm., tails 5 mm.; female 13 mm., tails 6 mm.

Holotype, male imago (in alcohol), Dry Creek near Dry

Town, California, May 23, 1938. Reared from nymph. Allotype,

female imago, same data as holotype.

Paratypes, six male imagos, Dry Creek, April 23, 1938, and

May 3, 1938, and ten female imagos: Dry Creek, April 23, 1938;

Dry Creek, May 5, 1938; Rancherea Creek near Amador, Cali-

fornia May 7, 1938; American River, Sierra Nevada, altitude

4200 ft., July 26, 1938.

There were also forty-eight male subimagos and twenty-nine

female subimagos taken from the same localities.

Nymphal type, male (in alcohol), Dry Creek, May 3, 1938,

female same data as male, paratypes, six nymphs, Dry Creek,

April 23, 1938. Cast skins from Jackson Creek, near Jackson,

California, April 19, 1938; Rancherea Creek, May 5, 1938, and

the American River, altitude 4200 ft., July 26, 1938.

This species is allied to A. cequivocus and A. falsus McDun-

nough. However, amador may readily be distinguished by the

wings which are distinctly marked with dark patches (Figure

12). The wings of both A. cequivocus and A. falsus McD. are

hyaline. Amador is considerably larger than either A. cequivocus

or A. falsus McD. As in cequivocus McD., there are no dark

oct. 1939]

MAYO— NEW EPHEMEROPTERA

151

Ameletus amador Mayo, new species: Figure 9, mature nymph;

10, male genitalia; 11, lateral view of penis; 12, male imago.

152

THE PAN- PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

ganglionic marks on sternites. The genitalia more nearly

resemble those of A. cequivocus McD. but differ in structural

details of the penes (Figure 10).

Paraleptophlebia placeri Mayo, new species

(Plate III)

Male (Figure 20). Blackish brown species. Head blackish;

ocelli white, upper eyes light orange; base of antennae yellowish

brown. Median furrow and parapsidal grooves of mesoscutum

deep; all thoracic sclerites blackish brown; unsclerotized areas

reddish brown. Legs reddish brown at base, lighter apically.

Femora deep reddish brown, fore tibiae lighter, joinings smoky,

tarsi whitish. Tibiae of middle and hind legs washed with brown

at base, whitish apically. Middle and hind tarsi tinged with light

reddish brown. Wings slightly milky, particularly in stigmatic

area. Longitudinal veins in costal area amber colored. Pleural

wing recess dark brown. Segment one of abdomen reddish brown.

Segments two to seven washed with deep brown, but distinctly

semi- hyaline along anterior borders. Middle segments of abdomen

therefore apparently annulate. Mid-dorsal line light brown with

darker brown areas on either side. A fine black penciling along pos-

tero-lateral margins of tergites one to seven joins a distinct black

oblique streak on pleural fold. Segments eight to ten dark reddish

brown. Mid-ventral ganglionic areas marked with reddish brown.

Basal joints of forceps reddish brown, distal joints whitish. The

genitalia (figures 15-16) are somewhat similar to those of P. cali-

fornica Traver, but there are marked differences. The penes are

separated by a wide U-shaped notch. There are no projections

from the penes into this notch as in P. calif ornica Traver. The

lateral apical processes are very long and a distinct contrast to

those of P. calif ornica Traver. The long reflex spur is wide at

base and acute at tip. Tails light brown at base, whitish distally.

Length: body 8 to 9 mm., wing 7.5 mm.

Female. More uniformly brown than male. Prothorax yellow-

ish brown, darker laterally. Fine penciling along mid-dorsal line

of pronotum. Mesoscutum reddish brown; not blackish as in male.

Pleural sclerites reddish brown, unsclerotized areas yellowish

brown. Legs yellowish brown. Wings slightly milky, venation

more prominent than in male. Veins amber colored in costal area.

All abdominal segments opaque, reddish brown. Light trachea-

tions laterally on tergites. Tracheations surrounded by a brown

granulated area which extends to the anterior margin of each

tergite. As in male there is a fine black penciling along postero-

lateral margins of tergites one to seven and an oblique streak on

pleural fold. Tails brown at base, lighter distally. Length: body

8.5 mm., wing 8 mm.

Nymph. Brown species distinctly spotted on head, thorax and

abdomen. Mouthparts as in figures 13, 14, 17-19. Lateral spines

oct. 1939]

MAYO— NEW EPHEMEROPTERA

153

Paraleptophlebia placeri Mayo, new species: Figure 13, right

mandible of nymph; 14, hypopharynx of nymph; 15, male geni-

talia, reflex spur; 16, male genitalia; 17, labrum of nymph; 18,

labium of nymph; 19, maxilla of nymph; 20, male imago; 21, gill

of nymph.

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 4

on segments eight and nine. No branchlets on gill trachese (Figure

21). Legs banded with darker brown. Tails light brown. Length:

body 8 to 10 mm.

Holotype, male imago (in alcohol), Dry Creek near Dry

Town, California, May 12, 1938. Reared from nymph. Allo-

type, female imago (in alcohol), same data as holotype.

Paratypes, two male imagos, Jackson Creek near Jackson,

California, May 21, 1938, and Amador Creek near Amador, Cali-

fornia, May 28, 1938, reared from nymphs, and one female

imago, Dry Creek, May 12, 1938, reared from nymph. Also one

male subimago, Amador Creek, May 25, 1938; four female sub-

imagos, Dry Creek, May 12, 1938; Amador Creek, May 29, 1938.

This species resembles P. californicus Traver, but may be

distinguished chiefly by the annulated appearance of the abdo-

men, the milky wings, and the marked genitalic differences.

References

McDunnough, J., 1936. Further notes on the genus Ameletus with

descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomologist, Vol.

LXVIII, pp. 207-211.

— 1938. New species of North American Ephemeroptera with

critical notes. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. LXX, pp. 23-34.

Needham, Traver, Hsu., 1935. Biology of Mayflies, Comstock Pub-

lishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y.

Upholt, W. M., 1936. A new species of Mayfly from California.

Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 120-122.

— 1937. Two new Mayflies from the Pacific coast. Pan-Pacific

Entomologist, Vol. XIII, Nos. 1-2, pp. 85-88.

An Ancient Beetle

Mr. Wayne K. Davis has recently presented me with a living

specimen of Buprestis aurulenta L. which, with several others,

emerged May 28, 1939, from a built-in sideboard on the premises

of Mrs. Frank Cook, 1831 Tenth Avenue, Oakland, Calif. This

sideboard was installed in the home when it was built over thirty

years ago. Undoubtedly the eggs were laid some time previous

to the milling of the wood and the building of the sideboard so

that this beetle and its companions had spent a period of over

thirty years before reaching maturity. I have known of several

cases of retarded development for this same species, of from

twelve to twenty years, but none quite so long as this. — Edwin

C. Van Dyka

oct. 1939]

LINSLEY— ANDRENID BEES

155

NEW SPECIES OF ANDRENID BEES FROM CALIFORNIA

(Hymenoptera)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California

The following descriptions, with one exception, are offered at

this time in order that the names may be available for use by

Messrs. G. E. Bohart and J. W. MacSwain in their studies of the

habits of California Aculeata.

Andrena nigroclypeata Linsley, new species

Female. Robust; black; pubescence dark brownish, that of

dorsum of thorax and propodeum bright fulvous. Head dull; an-

tennse black, obscurely brownish beneath, first segment of flagel-

lum nearly as long as the following three segments together; face

rather densely clothed with erect brownish and black hairs; foveae

broadened above and occupying at least three-fourths of space

between lateral ocellus and eye, moderately broadly rounded below

and extending below level of base of clypeus; clypeus dull, moder-

ately finely, closely punctured, without a smooth median impunc-

tate line; process of labrum broad, polished, feebly transversely

rugulose, about four times as broad as long, apex about one-half

as wide as base, rotundate-truncate ; cheeks rather broad, sub-

angularly rounded, densely clothed with long black or brownish

hairs; malar space small. Mesoscutum dull, tessellate, moderately

finely punctured, densely clothed with long, erect, bright fulvous

hairs which are a little thinner on disk; tegulse reddish, finely

punctate; mesoscutellum tessellate, punctation similar to that of

mesoscutum, pubescence long, erect, fulvous, dense at sides, disk sub-

glabrous or thinly pubescent; metanotum opaque, densely clothed

with erect, fulvous hairs; propodeum dull, thinly clothed with long,

fulvous hairs, triangular area poorly defined, not bounded by a

carina, not rugulose or earinulate; mesepisterna opaque, thinly

clothed with long, erect, dark brown hairs; wings lightly infus-

cated, veins dark brown; legs black, clothed with dark brownish

and black hairs, tibial scopa dark brown, dense, moderately com-

pact, flocculus of posterior trochanters moderately long, curved,

nearly perfect. Abdomen black, tergites one to four shining, tes-

selate, obscurely punctured, thinly clothed with erect, black or

dark brown hairs, apex with a distinct, impressed, shiny margin;

fifth tergite opaque, distinctly but not closely punctured, apical

fimbria dark brown; sternites shining, sparsely punctured and sub-

glabrous at base, distinctly punctured apically and thinly clothed

with erect black hairs, apical margin fringed with a row of very

long, erect black hairs. Length: 12-13 mm.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Male. Slender; black, shining; pubescence thin, black, that of

thorax mostly fulvous. Head much wider than thorax; pubescence

of face long, erect, black, that of occiput and ventral surface

fulvous; antennae black, first segment of flagellum less than one

and one-half times as long as second; frons dull, with a polished

band along eye margin; clypeus large, black, polished, finely punc-

tured, punctures one to several widths apart, pubescence sparse,

erect, black, mostly basal; process of labrum smooth, polished,

about twice as wide as long, apex at least one-half as wide as base,

distinctly but shallowly notched; mandibles long, slender, lying

one above the other in repose; cheeks nearly right-angular; malar

space short. Thorax thinly clothed with long, erect, fulvous hairs,

longest on metanotum; mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, and

propodeum dull, tessellate, punctation obscure; propodeum with

triangular area poorly defined, not bounded by a carina, neither

rugulose nor carinulate; wings lightly infuscated, veins brownish;

legs slender, thinly clothed with long, fulvous hairs, anterior

trochanters without a finger-like process. Abdomen black, shin-

ing, tergites very finely, sparsely, obscurely punctured, sparsely

clothed with short, suberect, black hairs; sternites sparsely

clothed with short, suberect, black hairs, posterior margins with

a fringe of longer, erect, fulvous hairs. Length: 10 mm.

Male minor. Clypeus smaller, dullish, finely and very densely

punctured, pubescence very dense, uniform. Length: 9 mm.

Holotype male (No. 4847, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), allotype

female (No. 4848), and eleven paratypes, six male and five

female, from Murietta Caves, Alameda County, California, April

2, 1939, collected by G. E. Bohart and J. W. MacSwain. The

females were collecting pollen from Platystemon californicus.

Four paratypes will be retained in the collection of the writer,

the remainder returned to Messrs. Bohart and MacSwain.

This fine species is related to Andrena macrocephala Cock-

erell and A. berberidis Cockerell but the male is easily distin-

guished from both by the black clypeus and shorter first flagellar

segment which is at most only one and one-third times as long as

the second. The female differs from macrocephala in its slightly

larger size, darker wings and wing veins, and the shape of the

process of the labrum which is short and broad with the apex

rotundate-truncate rather than subtriangular with the apex feebly

tuberculate. From berberidis the female may be separated by the

fulvous notal pubescence, the broader facial foveae, more finely

punctured clypeus, and the smooth triangular area of the pro-

podeum (in berberidis there are a few basal rugae). In the struc-

oct. 1939]

LINSLEY— ANDRENID BEES

157

ture of the head and antennae, these three species agree rather

well with the group of A. porterce Cockerell (subgenus Dactyl-

andrena Viereck), differing slightly in the longer facial foveae

and smaller malar space. However, in the type species of Dac-

tylandrena, A. maura Viereck (= A. caliginosa Viereck), the

malar space is large in the male and small in the female. The

subgenus Conandrena Viereck was distinguished by the elongate

face in the female and the absence of a finger-like process on the

anterior trochanter of the male. In view of the variation in these

characters between the three obviously closely related species,

porterce Cockerell, caliginosa Viereck, and submaura Linsley, it

is doubtful if Conandrena can be recognized on this basis.

Andrena rhodotricha Linsley, new species

Female. Moderately robust; brown; pubescence reddish. Head

dull; vertex subglabrous; frons densely clothed with long, erect,

reddish hairs, occasionally with an intermixture of dark hairs

above antennal bases and along sides of face ; antennse dark brown,

first segment of flagellum nearly as long as following three seg-

ments together; fovese moderately wide, broadly rounded above

and occupying at least two-thirds of distance between lateral

ocelli and eye, moderately narrowly rounded below and extending

slightly below level of base of clypeus; clypeus dullish, moderately

coarsely, closely punctured, without a well defined, median, longi-

tudinal, impunctate line; process of labrum small, subtriangular,

apex feebly tuberculate; cheeks broad, subangularly rounded,

densely clothed with long, erect, reddish hairs; malar space small

but distinct. Mesoscutum dull, tessellate, moderately finely, ob-

scurely, not closely punctate, moderately densely clothed with long,

fine, erect, reddish hairs which do not obscure the surface; meso-

scutellum and metanotum similarly sculptured and pubescent; pro-

podeum sparsely hairy at base, otherwise moderately densely

clothed with long, erect, reddish hairs which do not obscure the

surface, punctation moderately fine, sparse, obscure, triangular

area impunctate, finely tessellate, mid-line rough, base with a few

short rugge; mesepisterna dull, tessellate, moderately finely, ob-

scurely, not closely punctured, moderately densely clothed with

long, erect hairs which do not obscure the surface; wings lightly

infuscated, veins dark brown; legs dark brown, clothed with red-

dish hairs, tibial scopa short, moderately dense, hairs of dorsal

margin denser, less than one-half as long as greatest width of

tibia, hairs of lower margin long, recurved; flocculus of posterior

trochanters long, curved, nearly perfect. Abdomen brown, dullish,

tessellate, tergites one to four moderately finely, sparsely, ob-

scurely punctured except for a narrow, paler, impressed, apical

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

margin, surface moderately densely clothed with long, erect, red-

dish hairs which do not obscure the surface; apical fimbria com-

posed of hairs of the same color as the remaining abdominal

pubescence; sternites thinly clothed with erect, reddish hairs, those

of fringe along apical margin very long. Length: 11-11.5 mm.

Male. Slender; very dark brown; pubescence thin, fulvochre-

ous. Head wider than thorax; pubescence long, erect, fulvochreous

with a few dark hairs at sides of face and vertex, very dense on

frons and clypeus, sparse on vertex; antennae very dark brown,

first segment of flagellum about one and one-half times as long as

second, second segment shorter than third; clypeus moderately

finely, densely punctured except for an ill-defined median smooth

line, surface nearly obscured by the dense pubescence; process of

labrum short and very broad, apex obtusely rounded; mandibles

moderately long, slender, apices distinctly crossing over in repose,

base with a small median tubercle, posterior margin without a

basal tooth; cheeks broad, nearly right-angular, densely clothed

with long, erect hairs; malar space short but distinct. Thorax

thinly clothed with long, erect, fulvochreous hairs, surface tessel-

late, obscurely punctate; propodeum with triangular area poorly

defined, not bounded by a carina, without rugae; wings lightly in-

fuscated, veins dark brown; legs slender, thinly clothed with long,

erect, fulvochreous hairs. Abdomen dark brown, tergites tes-

sellate, shining, finely, sparsely, obscurely punctured, sparsely

clothed with erect, fulvochreous hairs, longer and denser on first

tergite; sternites sparsely clothed with erect, fulvochreous hairs,

posterior margin with a fringe of longer hairs. Length: 11 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4816, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and allo-

type male (No. 4817), from Berkeley, California, March 14,

1939, G. E. Bohart and J. W. MacSwain collectors. One para-

type female, Berkeley, California, March 11, 1939 (Bohart and

MacSwain) is in the collection of the writer.

Andrena rhodotricha is closely related to A. albihirta (Ash-

mead) and may prove to be merely subspecifically distinct. It

differs from Colorado specimens of the latter species (including

a specimen in the Timberlake collection determined by Viereck)

in the reddish rather than dirty white pubescence, less coarsely

punctured clypeus, and brownish veins and stigma. The male of

albihirta was not available for comparison, but from the related

A. perarmata Cockerell, rhodotricha may be separated by the

brown integument, fulvochreous pubescence, and absence of the

basal tooth from the mandibles.

oct. 1939]

LINSLEY— ANDRENID BEES

159

Andrena boharti Linsley, new species

Female. Medium sized, moderately robust; dark brown; pubes-

cence fulvous. Head dull; antennae dark brown, first segment of

flagellum about as long as following two segments together; facial

pubescence moderately long, fulvous, not dense; vertex opaque,

subglabrous, minutely striate; fovese moderate, broadly rounded

above and occupying a little more than one-half of the distance

between lateral ocelli and eye, more narrowly rounded below and

extending below level of antennal bases but not quite to level of

base of clypeus, lower half paler, in some lights appearing ochre-

ous, upper half brownish; clypeus shining, rather coarsely, closely

punctured on disk, finer laterally, median smooth line poorly de-

fined; process of labrum suboblong, nearly twice as wide as long,

apex about four-fifths as wide as base, feebly emarginate or sub-

truncate; cheeks broadly rounded, densely clothed with long,

fulvous hairs; malar space obsolete. Mesoscutum feebly shining,

tessellate, disk evidently but moderately finely punctured, punc-

tures mostly less than two puncture widths apart, pubescence

erect, moderately dense, fulvous, shorter than that of pleura, not

obscuring surface; mesoscutellum shining, a little less closely

punctured than mesoscutum, sparsely pubescent anteriorly; meta-

notum densely clothed with long, erect, fulvous hairs; propodeum

opaque, tessellate, obscurely punctured, thinly clothed with long,

erect, fulvous hairs, triangular area poorly defined, base with a

few short rugae; mesepisterna dull, tessellate, obscurely punctured,

thinly clothed with long hairs ; wings subhyaline, not darker

apically, veins and stigma pale brown; legs moderately slender,

clothed with fulvochreous hairs, tibial scopa moderately short, not

dense, hairs of dorsal margin nearly erect, not as wide as tibiae,

those of ventral margin longer, recurved at apex, minutely plu-

mose; flocculus of posterior trochanters moderately long, thin,

curved, nearly perfect. Abdomen shining, tessellate, finely, ob-

scurely punctured, punctures averaging several puncture widths

apart, tergites one to four finely, sparsely pubescent, with thin

pubescent fasciae at apices of tergites two to four, broadly inter-

rupted on tergite two, less broadly on three, narrowly on four;

apical fimbria golden brown; sternites more closely and distinctly

punctured than tergites. Length: 9 mm., anterior wing, 7 mm.

Male. Slender; dark brown, shining; pubescence of dorsal sur-

face fulvochreous, that of ventral surface perceptably paler. Head

wider than thorax; pubescence of face long, erect, fulvochreous,

intermixed with darker hairs near eye margins; antennse dark

brown, first segment of flagellum subequal in length to second

segment, intermediate flagellar segments longer than broad; ver-

tex and upper frons dull; clypeus shining, coarsely, closely punc-

tured at middle, more finely toward sides, punctures less than one

puncture width apart, pubescence long, pendant, dense but not

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

completely obscuring the surface; process of labrum about twice

as wide as long, apex but little narrower than base, shallowly

notched, lateral angles rounded; mandibles moderately long, slen-

der, apices lying one above the other in repose; cheeks moderately

narrow, rounded posteriorly; malar space obsolete. Thorax loosely

clothed with long, erect, fulvochreous hairs, dorsal surface opaque,

tessellate; propodeum with triangular area poorly defined, not

rugulose or carinate; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma light

brown; legs slender, thinly clothed with long, ochreous or ful-

vochreous hairs. Abdomen dark brown, shining; tergites one to

four tessellate, obscurely, sparsely punctured, tergites two to four

with a narrow pubescent fascia along posterior margin, broadly

interrupted at middle on all three segments. Length: 9 mm.,

anterior wing, 7 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4814, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), allotype

male (No. 4815), and twenty-two paratypes collected at Berkeley,

California, February 27, 1939, by G. E. Bohart and J. W. Mac-

Swain. Most of the specimens were taken from their nests before

emergence.

Superficially this species resembles a Platandrena but the

form of the tibiae will exclude it from that group. The male sug-

gests A. ( P .) angustitarsata Viereck and A. (P.) opaciventris

Cockerell, but may readily be distinguished by the coarsely

punctured clypeus. The female differs from A. scurra Viereck, to

which it seems to be related, in the short, broadly bilobed process

of the labrum, bicolored facial foveae, reddish pubescence, more

finely sculptured area of the propodeum, etc. In comparison

with the Coloradan A. phocata Cockerell, which has similarly

bicolored foveae and other characters in common, it may be dis-

tinguished by the more elongate first flagellar segment (longer

than the following two segments together) , bilobed process of the

labrum, fuscous tinted wings, and color of pubescence and apical

fimbria.

Andrena (Opandrena) sphaeralceae Linsley, new species

Female. Moderate sized, robust; black, abdomen red, legs red-

dish brown, posterior pair dominantly reddish or rufotestaceous;

pubesence thin, white. Head black; antennae dark brown, outer

flagellar segments reddish beneath, first segment of flagellum

nearly as long as following three together; vertex dull, frons ob-

liquely striate on each side of median carina; foveae broad, pale

brownish, broadly rounded above and occupying most of distance

between ocelli and eye, more narrowly rounded below and extend-

oct. 1939]

LINSLEY— ANDRENID BEES

161

ing slightly below antennal bases; clypeus moderately shining,

minutely tessellate, disk subglabrous, moderately coarsely, irregu-

larly punctured, punctures smaller, closer laterally; process of

labrum short, more than twice as wide as long, apex subtruncate;

cheeks rather broad, rounded posteriorly, surface polished, finely,

obscurely punctured, thinly clothed with long, white hairs; malar

space obsolete. Mesoscutum tessellate, dull, disk slightly shiny;

surface moderately finely, distinctly punctured, punctures mostly

from one to three puncture widths apart, a little sparser poste-

riorly; pubescence thin, very sparse on disk; tegulse reddish brown,

minutely, sparsely punctured; mesoscutellum shining, punctures

similar to those of mesoscutum but less close; metanotum clothed

with long, erect, white hairs; propodeum, including triangular

area, dull, triangular area poorly defined, without rugae or carinae;

wings lightly tinted with yellow, veins and stigma pale yellowish

brown; legs thinly clothed with white hairs, posterior femora rufo-

testaceous, apex rufo-piceous, posterior tibiae rufo-testaceous, base

rufo-piceous, spurs pale, scopa thin, loose, hairs of dorsal margin

about as wide as tibia, posterior metatarsi and tarsi mostly reddish

brown, flocculus of posterior trochanters long, curved, white, thin.

Abdomen red, shining; tergites finely but distinctly punctured, with

a rather broad, nearly impunctate, depressed, apical margin; ter-

gites two to four with a thin, white-pubescent fascia along apical

margin, broadly interrupted at middle on tergites two and three,

narrowly interrupted on four; apical fimbria whitish or golden de-

pending on the light direction; sternites with apical fringes very

long, depressed, white. Length: 8-9 mm.; anterior wing, 6-6.75 mm.

Male. Moderately robust; black, abdomen red basally; pubes-

cence white. Head wider than thorax; facial quadrangle wider

than long, clypeus yellow, without lateral face marks; pubescence

of face long, white, sparse; frons and vertex opaque, finely tes-

sellate, obscurely punctate; antenna dark brown, moderately

robust, first segment of flagellum a little longer than the follow-

ing two together, intermediate flagellar segments but little longer

than broad; clypeus subglabrous, obscurely, sparsely punctured;

process of labrum scarcely more than a narrow, transverse ridge;

mandibles long, slender, apices crossing over in repose, a small

notch on inner side before apex; cheeks broad, almost right-

angular, polished, finely, obscurely, sparsely punctured, thinly

clothed with long, white hairs; malar space obsolete. Thorax

thinly clothed with long, white hairs ; mesoscutum tessellate, feebly

shining, moderately finely, distinctly punctured, punctures mostly

about two puncture widths apart, sparser and more irregular on

posterior disk; mesoscutellum shining, irregularly punctured,

subglabrous; metanotum dull, clothed with long, erect, pale hairs;

propodeum dull, tessellate, basal and discal areas subglabrous,

triangular area scarcely defined, without carinae or rugae; wings

tinted with yellow, veins and stigma pale yellowish brown; legs

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

slender, dark brown, shining, thinly clothed with white hair, apex

of posterior tibiae rufo-testaceous. Abdomen with first three seg-

ments reddish, remaining segments dark brownish; apical pubes-

cent fasciae of tergites two to four similar to those of female but

less evident. Length: 9 mm.; anterior wing, 6.5 mm.

Holotype female, allotype male, and three female paratypes

(Timberlake collection), from Salt Creek, California, March 20,

1927, on Sphceralcea ambigua, collected by Mr. P. H. Timber-

lake. Eight additional paratypes are from the Chocolate Moun-

tains, Riverside County, California, April 4, 1937, also on

Sphceralcea ambigua (Linsley collection). Since this species was

first collected by Mr. Timberlake who recognized it as new, I

have selected the type and allotype from his material, and I have

also used the name suggested by him for this beautiful species.

A NEW ARIZONA PRIOCERA, WITH A KEY TO SPECIES

(Coleoptera, Cleridse)

BY MONT A. CAZIER

University of California, Berkeley

The author would like to express his thanks to Mr. P. C.

Ting for notes obtained in the eastern United States, to Mr.

E. S. Ross for the loan of the allotype and to Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke for the use of his extensive library.

Priocera catalinae Cazier, new species

Small, narrow, elongate; head and pronotum dark-red, elytra

with basal half rufous, apical half piceous, quadrately overlapping

medially, outer half of elytra piceous slightly anterior to middle,

inner half rufous slightly posterior to middle, extreme posterior

end of inner rufous projection yellow, small spot immediately an-

terior to piceous projection faintly yellow. Male. Head with front

rugosely punctate laterally around eyes, sparsely clothed with

rather long erect hair, occiput nearly impunctate, canthus promi-

nent, convex; clypeus impressed, impunctate; labrum with anterior

margin hairy, deeply emarginate medially; eyes separated by their

own widths in front, sparsely pilose; terminal segment of labial

palpi longer than basal segments, trigonate, inner edge one-half

length of outer edge, upper edge widened and deeply excavated for

entire length, surface rather densely pilose; antennaa rufous, eleven

segmented, extending slightly beyond humeral umbone of elytra,

oct. 1939]

CAZIER— GENUS PRIOCERA

163

segments five to eleven wider than first four and shallowly ser-

rate, segments one, three and four equal, second segment two-

thirds of third. Pronotum one-half longer than wide, sides rounded

and subparallel to basal third, then narrowly constricted to base,

approximately one-third narrower than elytra, only slightly nar-

rower than head (eyes included) ; disc sparsely punctate, punc-

tures separated by three to four times own widths, sparsely pilose,

anterior one-third with slight elevated area on either side, between

and behind with short, median, narrow striation; sides rugose,

sparsely pilose. Elytra narrow, about two-thirds longer than wide,

sides parallel to apical sixth and then evenly rounded to apex;

surface sparsely clothed with short golden pile interspersed with

occasional longer golden hairs, punctures arranged in about nine

even rows, extending from base to apical third and separated by

about their own widths, each puncture elongate, parallel rows

separated by about two and one-half times widths of punctures,

apical third very minutely, sparsely punctate; scutellum small;

humeral umbones impunctate, rather prominent. Beneath uni-

formly rufous except for piceous base on each tibia; femora

clavate, those of front legs more so than middle or hind pairs,

rather sparsely clothed with long and short golden pile, tibias

rugosely punctate, faint indication of longitudinal costas basally,

tarsal claws simple; abdominal segments sparsely clothed with

short golden pile, apical segment evenly rounded. Length 5.5 mm.,

width 1.6 mm.

Female same as male except for larger size and the more

bluntly rounded apical abdominal segment. Length 7 mm., width

2 mm.

Holotype, male, in the author’s collection, taken at Soldiers

Camp on the ridge extending south of Mt. Lemon, Santa Cata-

lina Mountains, Arizona, June 30, 1936, by the author. Allo-

type, female, No. 4818, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., collected at the

same locality July, 1936, by Mr. E. S. Ross who generously

deposits it in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

From the eastern P. castanea Newn., catalince can be dis-

tinguished by its lack of the dark band at middle of elytra and

the presence of the piceous color on the apical half of the elytra.

P. catalince is probably most closely associated with the Cali-

fornia P. lecontei Wolcott, but differs by being narrower and

smaller, more sparsely pilose, by having elytral apices piceous

rather than dull orange, and by having basal half of elytra

rufous rather than piceous. P. pusilla Kby. does not appear

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XV. NO. 4

to be in our fauna and, judging from the brief description, is

only remotely related to catalince. From the recently described

P. chiricahuce Knull, catalince can at once be distinguished by

its small size, rufous basal half of elytra, lack of basal yellow

spot, shorter hair on legs and venter of thorax and by not having

a raised area in the middle of the pronotum in front of the

scutellum.

There are several species of Priocera from Mexico that could

possibly extend into our fauna but these are distinct from cata-

lince , according to their descriptions, as follows: P. trinotata

Klug has the lateral elytral striae obliterated, there are pro-

nounced rows of punctures in catalince , trinotata has a basal

spot that is lacking in catalince ; P. pustulata Spin, differs by

having a small basal pale spot, and by having the apex of the

elytra red rather than piceous; P. stictica Bates differs by being

larger, having the eyes approximate, by having a pale basal

spot and the elytral apex yellow; P. clavipes Bates appears to

be about the same size as catalince but has the pronotum of a

pale color, a dark but interrupted fascia in the middle of the

elytra and a pale apical spot preceded by a narrow arcuate

fascia.

A temporary key is here given to aid future workers in de-

termining material and it is hoped that it will serve until such

time as a more fundamental key can be constructed. The de-

scriptions of members of this genus have been very inadequate

in the past and have been, for the most part, descriptions of

color and elytral maculations. In all the specimens examined

by the author the markings appeared to be relatively constant

but it is hoped that some future worker, with adequate material,

will put the classification of this genus on a more stable basis.

Key to the Species of Priocera of the United States

1. Elytra with a transverse, dark, median fascia castanea

-. Elytra without transverse, median, dark fascia 2

2. Elytral apices dull orange lecontei

-. Elytral apices piceous to dark brown, not differently colored

than apical half of elytra 3

3. Basal half of elytra rufous, apical half piceous catalince

-. Elytra uniformly dark-brown except for three small yellow

spots on basal half of elytra chiricahuce

oct. 1939]

SABROSKY— A NEW ASTEIA

165

A NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ASTEIA 1

(Diptera, Asteiidse)

BY CURTIS W. SABROSKY

Michigan State College

The small family Asteiidae in North and South America is

known at the present time from little more than a dozen seldom

recorded species, most of which were described in the genus

Sigalcessa Loew. The type genus Asteia, which includes about

two dozen Old World species, has been known from the United

States only since 1915 by a single described species, Asteia

beata Aldrich 2 . The strikingly distinct form described in the

present paper adds another species to this small and uncommon

genus.

Asteia multipunctata Sabrosky, new species

Slender, pale yellow species, strikingly marked with round,

black spots on the ocellar tubercle, front, face, halteres and

abdomen, and a variable pattern on the mesonotum.

Male. Head shining yellow, only the arista, the cephalic bris-

tles, round spot encompassing the ocelli, and a pair of spots on the

anterior third of the front, one above each antenna, black. Front

shining, slightly wider than an eye (see figure). Occiput concave,

a slightly infuscated spot below each pair of vertical bristles. Face

moderately concave, receiving the pendant antennas, the lower

margin subrounded, projecting slightly between the vibrissse. Eyes

bare, the long axis oblique. Cheeks subequal in height to the third

antennal segment and about one-fourth the vertical height of an

eye. A few fine black hairs are set in punctures along the lower

portion of the cheek. Vibrissal angle rounded, not produced. Oral

opening longer than broad, with the prominent clypeus elongated

and developed as a narrow projecting flange along the length of

the opening. Palpi small, inconspicuous. Third antennal segment

slightly longer than wide. Arista with four short, alternating

rays on each side. Bristles long and strongly developed: one pair

of inner and one of outer verticals, oral vibrissas, and one pair of

frontals, the latter erect and directed slightly outward and back-

ward, situated close to the orbits and nearly midway on the front.

One pair of proclinate divergent ocellars present, but short and

1 Journal Article No. 359 (n.s.) from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment

Station.

2 Aldrich, J. M. 1915. New American species of Asteia and Sigalcessa. Psyche,

XXII, pp. 94-98, 2 figs.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

slender. A few short black hairs on the front and a longer erect

black hair on each second antennal segment. A pair of short, almost

indistinguishable hairs behind the ocelli and below the rim of the

vertex, possibly representing the post-verticals. Thorax and scutel-

lum yellow, the metanotum shining black and the mesonotum with

variable black to reddish-black markings. Four pairs of spots and

the supra-alar vittulse black and distinct. The eight spots repre-

sent darkened areas in four indistinct mesonotal stripes (see fig-

ure). In some specimens (e. g., the holotype), the intervening

areas are slightly darker, generally orange, making the stripes

more evident. Only the spots are colored in paler specimens and

the mesonotal striping is therefore indistinct. In either case, the

posterior median spots are separate from the others. A narrow

dark line extends along the lower margin of each humerus and

notopleuron, and sometimes there is a slightly infuscated area on

the sternopleuron. Thoracic bristles black, long: two pairs of

posterior dorsocentrals, 1 + 1 notopleurals and one pair of apical

scutellar bristles. One pair of short, pale subapical scutellar bris-

tles present but very inconspicuous. Each sternopleuron bears two

long, erect bristles which are easily overlooked because they are

pale yellow and concolorous with the pleuron. A few pale, indis-

tinct hairs are present on the thorax. Mesonotum distinctly longer

than broad. Scutellum broad, much shorter than its basal width.

Abdomen yellow, with a pattern similar to that described for

Asteia beata. There appear to be three rows (a median and two

lateral) of round black spots on the dorsum, each row composed of

spots on segments two to five. There is also a spot on the lower

side of segments three and four, not visible from above. Wings

clear, veins yellow. The venation corresponds well with figure 3

on page 328 of Curran’s manual of “The Families and Genera of

North American Diptera,” except that the third vein is nearly

straight and the fourth vein is slightly more concave. Halteres

yellow, the convex surface of the knob with a conspicuous oval

black spot. Legs slender, pale yellow, with black claws. Length,

1.5-1.75 mm.

Female. The type series, though small, is sufficient to indicate a

distinct sexual dimorphism in one character. In the males, the face

is entirely yellow, whereas in the females, the face is marked with

two round black spots which are subequal in size to the frontal

spots, each situated below and partially hidden by the antennas.

Holotype, male, Challis, Idaho, July 9, 1926 (R. W. Haegele;

alt. 5280 feet). Allotype, Watson, Utah, July 27 (F. M. Car-

penter; alt. 5300 feet). Paratypes: Male, same data as holo-

type; male, Whitehall, Montana, July 11, 1917 (H. G. Dyar) ;

female, Kalispell, Montana, June 16, 1916 (W. H. Larrimer) ;

male and female, Chama, New Mexico, July 18, 1929 (labeled

oct. 1939]

SABROSKY— A NEW ASTEIA

167

“A. retro flexus ”) ; female, Antelope, Utah, July 1, 1931 (R. H.

Beamer) ; female, Hope, B. C., Canada, August 1, 1931 (M. W.

Sanderson). The allotype is in the Museum of Comparative

Zoology, Harvard University, and the paratypes from Utah and

British Columbia are in the Snow Entomological Collection at

the University of Kansas. The holotype and the remaining

paratypes are in the U. S. National Museum.

Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of the head and thorax of Asteia multi-

pwnctata Sabrosky, new species.

The type series indicates a rather wide distribution (B. C. to

N. Mex.) in the western United States, whereas Asteia beata

Aldrich was described from Massachusetts and has since been

recorded from Maine, New York, and Indiana. The latter is de-

cidedly different in appearance, with shining black mesonotum,

face with silver crossband margined above and below with black,

and larger size.

The species appears to be similar to A. elegantula Zett., as

described by Duda in his monograph of the Palaearctic Asteiidae

(Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr., Jahrgang 1927, pp. 113-147). Elegantula

belongs to the group of species of Asteia which have the face

crossed by a broad white band, narrowly margined above with

black, whereas in multipunctata the face is entirely yellow in the

males, and yellow with two round black spots in the females.

Likewise, in elegantula the stemopleura and hypopleura are

black spotted, and there are other differences.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF THRIPS FROM THE MOJAVE DESERT

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California, Davis

The discovery of another new species of Dactuliothrips makes

it advisable to review the present status of the family Melan-

thripidce. Bagnall (1913a, and 1913b) created the sub-family

Melanothripinse to include Melanthrips Haliday, 1836 and Anko-

thrips D. L. Crawford, 1910. In 1915 the same writer described

the genus Cranothrips in this group. Later, in 1926, Bagnall

raised this sub-family to the rank of a family including the three

above-mentioned genera and the fossil genera Eo cranothrips

Bagn., Opadothrips Pr., and Archankothrips Pr. Again, in

1928 (see also Bagnall, 1930) Bagnall further elevated the

Melanthripidae to the status of a super-family and wrote that

“The genus Opadothrips Pr. (fossil), has had to be removed to

the Heterothripoidea.”

Two additional genera in the Melanthrips group were de-

scribed in 1931, namely, Dorythrips Hood and Dactuliothrips

Moulton. Therefore, at present, there are five non-fossil genera

in the Melanthripidae as defined by Bagnall. Concerning Dory-

thrips Hood stated, “Its affinities are decidedly with Melanthrips

Haliday, of which it is merely an elaboration.” At the time

Moulton described Dactuliothrips spinosus he erected a new

family, Dactuliothripidae, for it and placed it in the super-

family Melanthripoidea. It is true that D. spinosus does not

have the dagger-like scoop (or flattened spurs) at the apex of

the fore tibia as in Melanthrips , nor does it have the projected

vertex as in Dorythrips , or basal antennal joints produced, as

in Cranothrips and Ankothrips. However, in D. spinosus, as

well as in D. boharti Bailey and xerophilus Bailey to a lesser

extent (Bailey, 1937), there are two strong spines at the apex

of the fore tibia. All other characters place these species in

Melanthripidae. Now, with the discovery of D. diversus Bailey,

new species, which has two very strong spurs at the tibial apex,

though not flattened to the extent exhibited in Melanthrips, the

affinities of these two genera are well established. It is inter-

esting to note that in diversus the femoral spurs are lacking.

This latter character apparently does not constitute a consistently

good basis for generic separation. Therefore, it seems unneces-

sary to retain Moulton’s family Dactuliothripidae.

oct. 1939]

BAILEY— MOJAVE THRIPS

169

With the small number of species so far described in Dac-

tuliothrips it has not been necessary to use the chgetotaxy of

the pronotum to separate species. In Melanthrips this char-

acter, together with the sensory areas on antennal segments III

and IV, furnish a reliable basis for species differentiation

(Priesner, 1936). A study of the genus Ankothrips (as yet

unpublished) by the writer has shown that the sensoria of

the antennae, the chaetotaxy of the pronotum, together with shape

of the projection of the vertex and the serrations on the second

antennal segment, offer excellent specific characters. By way

of further comparison, it should be mentioned that the antennal

sensoria in Dactuliothrips show practically no variation. Dory-

thrips and Cranothrips are each represented by only one species,

the former showing the development of a projection on the

vertex, and the latter lacking the cephalic armature but exhibit-

ing the antennal projection.

Key to the five known, non-fossil, genera of Melanthriphle

1 (4) Antennas with projections.

2 (3) Antennal segment I produced ventrally and apically as a

tooth. Type of sensory areas on III and IV unknown. W.

Australia Cranothrips Bagnall, 1915

3 (2) Antennal segment II produced ventrally and apically as

a tooth. Sensory area on III and IV as a transverse area,

varying in width, and partly or almost entirely encircling the

segment near tip. South Africa, Europe, North America.

Ankothrips D. L. Crawford, 1909

4 (1) Antennae without projections.

5 (6) Head with a cephalic projection on vertex between base

of antennae. Sensoria as a narrow, transverse area encircling

segments III and IV near tip. Chile, South America

Dorythrips Hood, 1931

6 (5) Head without a cephalic projection.

7 (8) Fore tarsi without claws. Sensoria on antennal segments

III and IV variable, usually as a narrow, angular line, nearly

encircling the segments near tip ; never as separate, oval

areas. Europe, Africa, Spain, Mediterranean region

Melanthrips Haliday, 1836

8 (7) Fore tarsi with claws. Sensoria on antennal segments

III and IV as two small, oval areas on each segment, near

tip. W. North America Dactuliothrips Moulton, 1931

Revised key to the Species of Dactuliothrips

1 (4) Spurs on inner margin of fore femora absent or weak;

when present, one to four in number, usually one or two. Spines

on body prominent but slender.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

2 (3) Fore tibise with two stout distal spurs (fig. 2) ; fore femora

without spurs. Claw on fore tarsus with strong basal tooth

(fig. 2). Antennse uniformly dark brown.

D. diversus Bailey, n. sp.

3 (2) Fore tibise without distal spurs; fore femora with 1 to 4

(usually 1 or 2) weak spurs on inner margin. Claw on fore

tarsus simple or with a very weak tooth near base. Third and

basal three-fourths of antennal segment IV yellow, remainder

brown D. xerophilus Bailey

4 (1) Spurs on inner margin of fore femora strongly developed,

two to nine in number. Spines on body dense and strongly

developed.

5 (6) Claw on fore tarus simple and knobbed. Fore femora

with 4 to 9 spurs on inner margin. Antennse uniformly block-

ish-brown D. boharti Bailey

6 (5) Claw on fore tarsus with small tooth below tip. Fore

femora with 2 to 5 spurs on inner margin. Antennse dark

brown with third segment yellow D. spinosus Moulton

Dactuliothrips diversus Bailey, new species

Female: Color uniformly dark brown with faint red body pig-

ment evident by transmitted light. Wings uniformly grayish brown

with veins dark brown, including scale at base of fore wing. Hind

wing nearly clear, fuscous, antennse and legs uniformly dark

brown.

Head slightly longer than wide; narrowest at base. Cheeks

very slightly curved. Eyes protruding slightly. Three ocelli. Head

transversely reticulate on dorsum. Mouth cone short. Antennse

slender, the two basal segments widest. Distinct annulations pres-

ent on all antennal segments, faint on segment I. Two circular

sensory areas on each of segments III and IV.

Prothorax (fig. 1) about one-third wider than long. Chsetotaxy

of pronotum similar to xerophilus. Spines not as strongly devel-

oped as in spinosus and boharti. Legs irregularly covered with

spines. Fore femora thickened and without spurs. Fore tibiee with

two stout spurs at tip. Hind tibise with several stout spines at tip.

Fore tarsi with a strong claw which has a basal tooth reaching

more than half the distance to tip of claw (fig. 2). Entire surface

of both wings covered with very minute setse. Fore wing broadly

rounded at tip and distinctly narrowing to base.

Fore wings with four cross veins placed as in other members of

the genus. The number of regularly spaced bristles on fore vein

of fore wing is from twenty to twenty-six and on the hind vein

eighteen to twenty-four. Hind wing clear with a thickening on

costal margin near base which supports a row of short bristles,

the distal one being the longest.

Abdomen broadly ovate, tapering to tip. Dorsum of segments

faintly reticulated.

oct. 1939]

BAILEY— MOJAVE THRIPS

171

Measurements of holotype: Total length of body 2.01 mm.;

head, length, 0.20 mm., width, 0.18 mm.; prothorax, length, 0.18mm.,

width, 0.24 mm.; mesothorax, width, 0.31 mm.; abdomen, greatest

width, 0.46 mm. Length of antennal segments in mm.: I, 0.036;

II, 0.049; III, 0.069; IV, 0.069; V, 0.056; VI, 0.052; VII, 0.049;

VIII, 0.041; IX, 0.046; total length, 0.467. Length of spines:

interocellar, 0.049 mm.; postocular (outer), 0.059 mm.; (median),

0.033 mm.; posterior-lateral marginals (pronotum), 0.092 mm.

Male: Smaller and more slender than female. Total body length

of allotype 1.46 mm.

Dactuliothrips diver sus Bailey, n. sp., fig. 1, pronotum, fig. 2,

left foreleg (excluding coxa and trochanter).

Described from twenty-seven females and eight males col-

lected by B. E. White on Oenothera dentata parishii at Hinkley

(San Bernardino County), California, on April 15, 1938. Type

locality, Hinkley, California. Female holotype (slide T 14) and

male allotype (slide T 15) in author’s collection. In addition to

the type series, J. A. Downes collected two females and three

males on Oenothera contorta and Coreopsis, on April 13, 1938, at

Hi-Vista (near Lancaster) , California.

This group of thrips appears to be limited to the desert area

east of the Sierra and Siskiyou mountains. Assiduous collecting

in the spring in this area, particularly in eastern Oregon and

Washington and the desert areas of western North America will

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

doubtless bring to light additional species. The larvae of Dactu-

liothrips are as yet unknown. Based on life history studies of

other genera in the AEolothripoidea in California, this genus has

all the characteristics of the cocoon spinning species thus far

reared. Also, there is probably only one generation a year, cor-

rellated with the blooming of the native flowers and shrubs.

References

Bagnall, R. S.

1913a. Notes on JE> olothripidaa, with description of new spe-

cies. Jour. Ec. Biol. 8 (3) :155-158. Sept.

1913b. A synopsis of the Thysanopterous family TEolothripidse.

2nd Int. Congr. Ent., Oxford, 1912. (Printed Oct., 1913)

pages 394-397.

1915. Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. V. Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 15:315-316.

1926. The family Franklinothripidse, nov., with description of

a new type of Thysanopteron. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9,

17:168-173, fig.

1928. Preliminary description of Mymarothrips ritchianus, a

new type of Thysanopteron. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10,

1:304-307.

1930. Further considerations in regard to the classification of

the order Thysanoptera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 5:571-

575.

Bailey, S. F.

1937. The genus Dactuliothrips Moulton. Pan-Pacif. Ent.,

13:121-126, 15 figures.

Crawford, D. L.

1909. Some new Thysanoptera from southern California. I.

Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 1:100-101, fig. 45.

Haliday, A. H.

1836. An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysa-

noptera with indications of a few of the species. Ent. Mag.

3:439-451.

Hood, J. D.

1931. A new genus and species of ASolothripidae (Thysa-

noptera) from Chile. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., 26:1-3, fig. 1,

Feb.

1937. A new Melanthrips (Thysanoptera) from South Africa.

Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 3, 23:154-156, fig. 1.

Moulton, D.

1931. An interesting new California thrips. Pan-Pacif. Ent.,

7:173-174, Apr.

Priesner, H.

1936. A preliminary review of the non-fossil species of the

genus Melanthrips Hal. Bull. Soc. Roy. Ent. d’Egypte., 20:

29-52, 2 Plates, Feb.

oct. 1939]

SAMPSON— APHID GENUS PHORODON

173

CALIFORNIA APHIDS OF THE GENUS PHORODON

BY W. W. SAMPSON

University of California, Berkeley

Genus Phorodon Passerini

Passerini, 1860, Gli Afidi, p. 27.

Head of alate forms with distinct antennal tubercles pro-

jecting somewhat inward; first antennal segment gibbous; fore

wings with media twice-branched, hind wing with both media

and cubitus; cornicles cylindrical; cauda nearly acutely conical,

not as long as cornicles. Antennal tubercles in apterous forms

with prominent projections extending forward; the first antennal

segment with a projecting process. (All measurements in fol-

lowing descriptions in millimeters.)

Key to the Species of Phorodon

1. Cornicles cylindrical throughout, not heavily imbricated 2

-. Cornicles constricted before tips, heavily imbricated phloxse

2. Spur of sixth antennal segment shorter than four times base

humuli

-. Spur of sixth antennal segment longer than four times

base rrienthse

Phorodon humuli (Schrank)

Schrank, 1801, Fauna Boica, 11:110 (Aphis).

Swain, 1919, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 111:79.

Essig, 1926, Insects of Western North America, p. 254.

Apterous viviparous female. Light uniform yellowish green;

cauda pale; cornicles and tibiae dusky; antennae dusky except base

of third antennal segment. Frontal tubercles each with a finger-

like process. Body 1.1 to 2.3 long; antennae .95 to 1.05. Rostrum

reaching between second and third coxae.

Alate viviparous female. Light yellowish green, with dorsal

dusky bands and lateral areas; rest of body coloration as above.

Body 1.7 ; antennae 1.68 to 1.85. Rostrum reaching the second

coxae. Hairs blunt on all forms.

Collections on Prunus species in winter and spring, on hop

in summer. Rather common.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

PHORODON MENTHjE (Buckton)

Buckton, 1875, Monogr. Brit. Aphid., 1:120 (Siphonophora) .

Theobald, 1926, Aphid. Gr. Brit., 1:278.

Bartholomew, 1931, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. XXV :727.

Apterous viviparous females. Yellow green to apple green,

with darker mottlings. Cauda, cornicles, tibiae pale; wing veins

somewhat heavy. Body 1.4 to 1.7 ; antennae 1.5 to 1.6. Rostrum

reaching between second and third coxae.

Alate viviparous females. Head and thorax brown; rest of

coloration as above. Body length 1.5 to 1.6; antennae 1.9 to 2.13.

Rostrum reaching between second and third coxae. Hairs blunt

in both forms.

Collections on Mentha species, during most months of the

year. Fairly common.

Phorodon phloxae Sampson, new species

Alate viviparous female. Antennae and head dusky; thorax

black; abdomen and rest of body light apple green; dusky dorsal

patches may be present on the abdomen. Tarsi and tips of the

tibiae black. Cornicles slightly yellowish to dusky, with orange

patches at bases; swollen at about three-quarters the length and

constricted before the tips. Wings clear, stigma dark, veins very

heavy. Both cauda and cornicles may be dusky. Antennae dusky

except base of third segment. Tip of rostrum black. Hairs

blunt to slightly capitate.

Length of body between 1.4 and 1.8; of antennal segments, I,

.09, II, between .05 and .07, III, between .48 and .51, IV, between

.30 and .34, V, .29 and .32, VI, between .74 and .80 (base, .15).

Rostrum between .34 and .46 long, reaching to the tips of the

second pair of coxae. Wings between 2.47 and 2.86. Cornicles

between .31 and .37; cauda between .15 and .17. Eleven to

twenty secondary sensoria on antennal III, with an average of

fifteen; none to six on antennal IV, generally none; none on the

rest.

Apterous viviparous female. Body light apple green. Antennae

dusky to light apple green. Cauda dusky. Tips of cornicles

black; a slight inflation followed by a constriction before the

tips. Rest of coloration as in winged females.

Length of body between 1.5 and 1.79; of antennal segments,

I, .09, II, .07, III, between .39 and .43, IV, between .26 and .27,

V, between .54 and .58 (base, .12) ; rostrum between .36 and .48,

reaching the extremities of the second pair of coxae; cornicles

between .32 and .44; cauda .17. No secondary sensoria on an-

tennal segments. Hairs blunt to slightly capitate.

oct. 1939]

DREWS — APHIDIDiE OF NEVADA

175

Specimens collected on the campus of the University of Cali-

fornia from Phlox subulata, on March 8, 21, 23 and 28, 1938.

Holotype, alate viviparous female, No. 4846, C.A.S., Ent. Para-

types, 41 slides in the collections of Professor E. 0. Essig and

the author.

This species appears to be related in some degree to Ph.

menthce, from which it differs in having a smaller number of

sensoria on the third and fourth antennal segments, in the shorter

rostrum, and in the shape of the cornicles. The projecting proc-

ess on antennal I is less strong in Ph. phloxes than in Ph. men-

thce the projection of the frontal tubercles is also less strong.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE

APHIDID7E OF NEVADA

BY E. A. DREWS

University of California, Berkeley

A review of the literature reveals but few references to the

aphids of Nevada. It seems that the first paper on the aphids

occurring in Nevada was of an economic nature (Hillman, 1890)

wherein he recorded some species found on apple. In the present

paper the few previously known species are listed together with

their hosts and other data, and a number of new records from

the writer’s personal collecting, particularly from western Nevada,

have been added. Genera and species are alphabetically arranged.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Judging from published records and personal observation it

would appear that species of this family are less abundant in

Nevada than in other states.

Aphis cardui Linn. Dayton, Nevada, May 31, 1938. Collected on

thistle, mostly on the tip of the plant.

Aphis filifolice Gillette and Palmer. Holbrook, Nevada, Octo-

ber 13, 1938. Taken on Artemesia tridentata sparingly. At-

tended by ants.

Aphis hilechrysi Kalt. Recorded from Nevada by Essig (p. 236

1926).

Aphis incognita Hottes and Frison. Holbrook, Nevada, August

1938. Taken on Symphoricar pos rotundifolius.

Aphis pond DeGeer. Recorded from Nevada on apple as Aphis

mali by Hillman (1890).

Aphis rosea (Baker). Recorded from Nevada on apple as Aphis

malifoliae by Hillman (1890).

Amphorophora nervata (Gillette). Idlewild Park, Reno, Nevada,

May 20, 1938. Abundant on cultivated rose. Taken later on

wild rose, Holbrook, Nevada, May 31, 1938.

Brevicoryne brassicce Linn. Recorded on cabbage by Hillman

(1897) as Aphis brassicce. Also collected by the author about

15 miles south of Yerington, Nevada, along the West Walker

River, September 26, 1938, on Cleome lutea.

Capitophorus ribis (Linnaeus). Recorded on currant by Hill-

man (1897). Collected by the writer approximately 15 miles

south of Yerington, Nevada, along the West Walker River,

September 26, 1938, on Ribis aureum. Males present.

Capitophorus rosce (Linnaeus). Holbrook, Nevada. May 31,

1938. On wild rose.

Cinara edulis (Wilson). Taken near Gardnerville, Nevada, Octo-

ber 13, 1938. On one tree observed, eggs were so abundant

upon the needles that the tree appeared black rather than

green.

Clavigerus bicolor (Oestlund) . Collected on willow at Holbrook,

Nevada, May 31, 1938. Not common.

Clavigerus smithice (Monell). Collected at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, May 20, 1938. Not plentiful on the stems of willow.

oct. 1939]

DREWS — APHIDIDiE OF NEVADA

177

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausemann) . Recorded from apple by

Hillman (1890) (1892) as Schizoneura lanigerum. Also col-

lected by the writer on the Highway Building Grounds, Car-

son City, Nevada, June 1938, on elm.

Essigella californica (Essig). Found near Minden, Nevada, June

1937, on pinon pine. Not common.

Euceraphis gillettei (Davidson) . Collected at Spooner, Nevada,

June 1938, on Alnus sp.

Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig. Found at Holbrook, Nevada, May

31, 1938, on the base of willow. Attended by a large red ant

which placed a considerable quantity of soil, leaves and other

material about the aphids, covering them completely. Insofar

as is now known this is the third collection of this species,

previous records being from Colorado. Apterous forms only.

Lachnus rosce Cholodkovsky. Collected along the West Walker

River near Yerington, Nevada, September 26, 1938. Abun-

dant but very spotted in distribution on wild rose.

Lachnus salignus (Gmelin). Collected at Wellington, Nevada,

along the West Walker River, September 26, 1938, on Salix

sp.

Macrosiphum atripes Gillette and Palmer. Taken at Holbrook,

Nevada, October 13, 1938, on Aster canescens.

Macrosiphum creelii Davis. Recorded from Lovelock and Fern-

ley, Nevada, by Davis (1914). Host: Alfalfa.

Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach) . Recorded from Minden and

Fallon, Nevada, as Illinois pisi by the Nevada Agricultural

Experiment Station (1934). On alfalfa.

Macrosiphum rosce (Linn.). Recorded by Hillman (1897) as

Aphis sp. on rose. This is undoubtedly the species Hillman

meant from the description he gave. Also collected by the

writer at Idlewild Park, Reno, Nevada, May 20, 1938, on cul-

tivated roses and at Holbrook, Nevada, May 31, 1938, on wild

rose.

Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) . Collected at Holbrook,

Nevada, May 31, 1938. Abundant on the tips of nettle. Also

collected sparingly on Honey Locust, Carson City, Nevada,

June 1938.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vql. XV. NO. 4

Mordwilkoja vagabunda (Walsh). Recorded from Nevada by

Essig (p. 259, 1926). Hosts listed are poplar, aspen and

cottonwood.

Myzocallis ulmifolii (Monell). Taken on the grounds of the

old U. S. Mint Building, Carson City, Nevada, June 1938.

Very abundant on Elm.

Myzus cerasi (Fabricius). Recorded from Nevada by Essig (p.

251, 1926), on Sweet Cherry.

Myzus persicce (Sulzer). Taken near Yerington, Nevada, Sep-

tember 26, 1938, on Cleome lutea.

Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley. Recorded by Hillman

(1897) as Pemphigus sp. on poplar. Collected by the writer

along U. S. Highway 50, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, July 1937,

and at Lake Topaz, Nevada, June 1938, on poplar.

Rhopalosiphum prunifolice (Fitch). Recorded from Nevada on

apple by Hillman (1897) as Aphis prunifolice. Collected by

the author in Idlewild Park, Reno, Nevada, May 20, 1938, on

the same host.

Tamalia coweni (Cockerell). Recorded from Nevada by Essig

(p. 231, 1926), on manzanita.

Toxoptera graminum (Rondani) . Recorded from eastern cen-

tral Nevada by Webster and Phillips (1912) on wheat.

Literature Cited

Davis, J. J., 1914. New or little-known species of Aphididas. Cana-

dian Entomologist, 46:41, 47.

Essig, E. 0., 1926. Insects of Western North America. 1035 pp.

The Macmillan Company, New York City.

Hillman, F. H., 1890. Plant-lice infesting the apple. Nevada Agri-

cultural Experiment Station Bull., 11:1-7.

— 1892. Woolly Aphis of the apple. Nevada Agricultural Experi-

ment Station Bull., 17:1-8.

— 1897. Some common injurious insects of Western Nevada.

Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station Bull., 36:1-17.

Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, 1934. Annual report

for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1934. University of Nevada,

Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 55.

Webster, F. M. and W. J. Phillips, 1912. The spring grain-aphis

or “Green-Bug.” Bur. Ent., U. S. D. A. Bull., 110:19.

oct. 1939]

TIMBERLAKE — ACMiEODERA

179

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ACM7EODERA FROM CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera, Buprestidas)

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

University of California, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside

Acmaeodera perlanosa Timberlake, new species

A member of the trisinuate group, closely allied to A. fenyesi

Fall, but differing in being usually immaculate and in having

a denser and longer, almost entirely dull white woolly pu-

bescence.

Moderately robust, subdepressed, black, rather feebly bronzed.

Pronotum and elytra immaculate. Clothed above and beneath

with unusually long, dense, somewhat curly, dull white hair, with

only a few fuscous hairs intermixed at the base of elytra, on an-

terior part of pronotum and on the frons. Head closely punctured,

the carina on vertex feeble. Clypeal margin weakly emarginate.

Antennas serrate beginning with the fifth joint. Pronotum about

twice as wide as long, sub truncate at apex. Sides slightly con-

verging from base to middle, then rounded to apex (not sub-

dilated before the base, as is often the case in fenyesi). Apical

angles subacute. Side margins distinct throughout, but not visible

from above. Disk weakly impressed medially, moderately im-

pressed on each side, the lateral impressions sometimes ending

in a weak fovea near base. Punctures of pronotum moderately

fine and close on middle of disk, becoming dense and coarser at

the sides. (Puncturation on middle of disk a little closer and

finer than in fenyesi). Elytra subdepressed, as wide at base as

prothorax. Sides of elytra feebly converging from base for two-

thirds of the length, then more rapidly and arcuately to the

rounded apex. Lateral margins of apical half rather finely

serrate. Umbone moderate. Striae, punctures and intervals of

elytra as in fenyesi. Under surface moderately closely, rather

finely punctured like fenyesi, the punctures becoming much coarser

on sides of the first ventrite toward the base. Under surface of

pronotum coarsely punctured. Anterior margin of prosternum

with two distinct blunt cusps. Crest of last ventrite rounded or

subangulate. Length, 9-9.5 mm., width, 3.5-3.7 mm.

Holotype male and three paratypes (sex uncertain), taken

on Eriodictyon crassi folium, Andreas Canyon, near Palm Springs,

California, April 24, 1932 (Timberlake), in collection of the

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Citrus Experiment Station; two paratypes in collection of the

California Academy of Sciences, one from Paraiso Springs,

California, May 15, 1912 (L. S. Slevin), the other from Palm

Springs, in April (A. Fenyes). Also twenty-seven paratypes

from Sunset Valley, Santa Barbara County, on Eriodictyon

traskice, July 4, 1938 (B. E. White) , in the collection of Mr.

White.

The paratype from Paraiso Springs has the punctures of the

pronotum like fenyesi , and the Fenyes specimen from Palm

Springs has three marginal reddish dots on each elytron.

Acm^eodera fenyesi Fall

This species is moderately common at Riverside and is found

most frequently on Lotus scoparius, which I presume may be

the food plant.

Acm^eodera jocosa Fall

A. jocosa is one of the rarer species of Southern California.

Personally I have taken only three specimens, at Lytle Creek

Wash and near Devore, San Bernardino County, June 6 and 23,

at flowers of Adenostoma fasciculatum. These have been com-

pared with the series in the Academy collection at San Fran-

cisco. In rearranging my collection I noted these unexpected

characters in jocosa: Under surface of thorax and abdomen with

long, dense, white hairs, fully as conspicuous as in A. fenyesi.

Antennae widened beginning with the fourth joint. In the male

the fourth joint is triangularly widened from the base, being

fully twice as wide as the third joint, but hardly more than two-

thirds as wide as the fifth, which like the following joints is

strongly serrate. The surface of the dilated joints is dull and

very minutely and densely punctulate. In the female the antennae

are much less dilated and serrate, with the surface of the joints

rather shiny and not distinctly punctulate. The fourth joint

widens toward the apex, where it is distinctly wider than the

third, but considerably narrower than the fifth. The antennae

of jocosa are remarkably similar to those of A. cribricollis

Horn and A. larrece Fall, and the occurrence of such a structure

in a member of the trisinuate group is decidedly novel.

oct. 1939]

TIMBERLAKE — ACMiEODERA

181

Acmaeodera palmarum Timberlake, new species

This is a small, densely squamose species, allied to A. gemina

Horn and A. insignis Horn in general structure, but having the

antennae abruptly widened after the fourth joint. From other

more or less squamose species, with similar antennae, such as

A. varipilis Van Dyke and A. junki Thery ( squamosa Van Dyke),

it differs in the very small size, weakly emarginate clypeus and

entire lack of side margins on the prothorax. Only the male

is known, and the female possibly may have the long silky hair

on terminal segments of venter as in junki. This, however, may

not prove to be the case, as the difference in general structure

and in the type of squamiform pubescence may indicate that it

belongs in a little group of its own.

Male. Small, subcylindrical, with the general form and struc-

ture of gemina. Head, prothorax and under surface bronzed

black. Elytra a light testaceous yellow tinged with brown (pale

tan color), agreeing with the light color in gemina. Umbones

dark, slightly bronzed. Outer margin of elytra very narrowly

darkened, especially in apical half, with brown or blackish. Elytra

otherwise immaculate, although the brown shading is slightly

intensified in certain small areas. Head closely punctured, the

sculpture concealed by pubescence. Anterior margin of clypeus

broadly arcuate, very weakly emarginate. Antennae serrate be-

ginning with the fifth joint. Pronotum not quite twice as wide as

long, strongly convex and unicolorus. Apex barely narrower than

the subtruncate base, with the anterior margin broadly arcuate

and produced moderately in middle over head. Disk widest some-

what behind the middle, the sides being strongly arcuate. Both

anterior and posterior corners broadly rounded, and side margins

entirely obliterated. Surface shining, entirely without median

impression or lateral fovese and coarsely punctured, the punc-

tures dense at sides, slightly separated in middle, and not at all

cribrate. Elytra at humeri slightly narrower than widest part

of thorax, narrowed between humeri and middle, and arcuately

narrowed in apical third to rounded apex. Margins finely serrate

behind the middle and more coarsely at apex. Surface very con-

vex, the lateral margins visible only apically in dorsal view.

Strise all similar, hardly impressed, very coarsely punctured, the

punctures mostly about one-half their diameter apart (some con-

tiguous, others fully a diameter apart, the contiguous ones mostly

in the fifth and sixth strise). Intervals all very narrow, slightly

convex, uniseriately and minutely punctate. Anterior margin of

prosternum arcuately retracted, practically as in gemina. Apical

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

segment of venter simple at apex. Sculpture of under surface

almost entirely concealed by the dense squamiform pubescence,

but is about as follows as seen through slight abrasions: Pro-

sternum and under surface of pronotum coarsely punctured. First

ventrite rather coarsely and closely punctured, the following seg-

ments apparently very finely and densely punctured. Pubescence

white, squamiform, appressed and very dense on entire under

surface and on femora, frons and sides of the pronotum broadly.

Squamaa about as broad as long, except on the frons where they

are considerably longer than wide. Squamae on the sides of pro-

notum and in a narrow strip across basal margin are broad, other-

wise they gradually change into coarse flattened appressed setae,

which cover the middle half of disk, those on sides being directed

inward. Setae of elytra all set in the fine punctures of the intervals,

in the form of scales consierably longer than wide, not appressed,

but bent over from the base and directed backward, those on and

near the umbones becoming broader and appressed. Length, 4.5

mm., width, 1.4 mm.

Described from one male (holotype) in collection of the

Citrus Experiment Station, taken June 8, 1930, five miles south

of Palm Springs, California (Timberlake) .

The specimen was found on Dicoria cunescens, but as the

day was extremely hot it may have been merely resting in the

shade, along with many Hymenoptera and other kinds of insects.

AcMiEODERA INSIGNIS Horn

I have one specimen of this species collected June 8, 1930,

six miles south of Palm Springs, California. It was swept from

Eriogonum trichopes. Insignis was described from Lower Cali-

fornia and has been recorded from Arizona, but this is, I believe,

the first definite record from California.

Pachybrachys hybridus Suffr. as a Pest of Heather

(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Specimens of Pachybrachys hybridus Suffr. identified by

Mr. B. E. White were collected at San Carlos, California, on

May 30, 1939, where they were observed doing serious damage

to the growing tips of young heather plants. Many of the tender

tips had been eaten half way through and had wilted or fallen

over. — P. C. Ting.

oct. 1939]

CUSHMAN— A NEW ANGITIA

183

A NEW ANGITIA, PARASITIC ON THE ARTICHOKE

PLUME-MOTH

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidse)

BY R. A. CUSHMAN

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology

and Plant Quarantine.

The following description is published at this time in order

to make the name available for a projected paper on the host

insect, an important pest of artichoke, Cirsium edule, in Cali-

fornia.

Angitia platyptiliae Cushman, new species

Distinguished at once from Angitia pterophori (Ashm.),

another western species parasitic on pterophorid larvae, by its

much broader temples, black front and middle coxae, and almost

entirely ferruginous, exannulate hind tibia.

Eemale. Length 7.0 mm., antenna 4.5 mm., ovipositor sheath

2.0 mm.

Head very finely punctate and mat, in dorsal view transversely

suboblong, about twice as broad as greatest thickness; temples

extending straight back for most of their length; occiput rather

deeply concave; eyes not bulging, parallel and only very faintly

emarginate within; face twice as broad as long; clypeus shining,

more sparsely and coarsely punctate than face, and more definitely

separated from face than usual, with faint indication of a median

tooth; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible;

antenna with about 30 joints, flagellum rather stout, tapering

toward apex, basal joint about three times as long as thick, apical

ten or more joints submoniliform, each about as thick as long.

Thorax stout, fully two-thirds as deep as long, with dense, short

pubescence, mostly finely alutaceous and mat; pronotum longi-

tudinally striate in impression; mesoscutum very finely punctate,

notaulices faintly indicated; scutellum shining, sparsely punctate;

pleura more coarsely punctate and more shining than mesoscutum,

speculum polished, sternaulix indicated, set off laterally by a

slightly elevated, more shining area next to prepectus; sternum

subpolished; propodeum punctate basally and laterally, petiolar

area transversely rugulose, all the usual carinse except basal very

strong, costulee more or less evident, areola broadly pentagonal,

petiolar area weakly concave. Legs rather stout; inner hind cal-

carium more than half as long as basitarsus, which is about as

long as combined lengths of joints two to four, claws pectinate

basally. Wings: Areolet small, oblique, petiolate, postnervulus

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

broken at about middle; abscissula as long' as intercubitella. Ab-

domen slender, minutely alutaceous and mat; petiolar fossae dis-

tinct though not very deep; tergite two nearly twice as long as its

basal width; ovipositor strongly recurved, sheath fully a half

longer than first tergite.

Black, this color embracing antennae, all coxae, and basal joints

of middle and hind trochanters; mandibles, palpi, and legs ferru-

ginous, extreme apex of hind tibia, hind tarsus largely, and other

tarsi apically fuscous; tegulae yellow; wings hyaline, stigma

fuscous, veins black, costa pale.

Male. Essentially like female.

Host. Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley).

Type locality. Half Moon Bay, California.

Holotype, allotype, and paratypes, No. 53340, U. S. National

Museum and paratypes, California Academy of Sciences and

Canadian National Collection.

Described from 19 females and 15 males, all reared by

W. Harry Lange. The holotype, allotype, and eight paratypes

emerged November 2, 1936; other specimens from the type

locality were reared at various dates in December, 1935; August,

September, and October, 1936; and May, 1937; while others

from Pescadera, Princeton, and Santa Cruz, Calif., were reared

in June and July, 1936.

The only variation of note is in size (5-7 mm.) and in the

strength of the costulae.

I have been unable to identify this species as any of those

included by Viereck in Angitia or in any of the closely related

genera or subgenera. That author’s “A Preliminary Revision

of the Campopleginae in the Canadian National Collection,

Ottawa,” which appeared serially in the Canadian Entomologist

during the years 1925 and 1926, fell far short of clarifying the

group of which it treats. Many of the characters that he used

in keying out the genera and subgenera are not dependable, and

in some cases Viereck himself did not follow them in placing

species. For example, several of the species which he correctly

placed in Angitia will not run to that subgenus in his key be-

cause the second abscissa of the discoidal vein is fully as long

as the third; while he placed his own Idechthis pcenerivalis,

an Angitia with distinct petiolar fossae, in Ischnoscopus, in

which, according to his key, the fossae are lacking. The last state-

ment is based on my own examination of the type of pcenerivalis.

oct. 1939]

STAHLER— BOOK REVIEW

185

Angitia p^eneriv ALIS (Viereck) Cushman, new combination

Idechthis psenerivalis Viereck, 1906. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.

32:216.

Campoplex ( Ischnoscopus ) psenerivalis Viereck, 1925. Can.

Ent. 57:223; 1926, 58:199.

Animal Ecology

Problems of Animal Ecology. F. S. Bodenheimer. London: Ox-

ford Press, 1938, pp. vi + 183, 28 figs. $4.00.

As the author warns us in his preface, this book is “no easy

reading.” Within its slender covers, Professor Bodenheimer, the

eminent Palestinian entomologist, takes us through many short

but thought-provoking excursions into little-known fields of the

zoological sciences, particularly entomology. The approach is

essentially mathematical and any such attempt to place the com-

plex interrelationships of living things on an exact basis is cer-

tain to be met with dissension. For instance, one may question

his rigid application of the climograph for estimation of the

numerical development of insects or the statistical analysis of

the question of longevity.

The author must be given credit for presenting frankly and

succintly his views on such highly controversial subjects as

Lamarckism, the animal community and biological equilibrium.

He reiterates his stand on biological control, calling for a more

rigid examination of the available facts and for further data on

the determining factors of successful parasitism. He further

pleads for an unprejudiced approach to the problem of environ-

ment versus heredity and points the way for a reexamination of

Lamarckian theory.

“Problems of Animal Ecology” is recommended for all those

entomologists who believe that ecology is more than readings in

nature study. Its style is rather terse and many figures and state-

ments suffer from lack of elucidation. A more thorough elabora-

tion would have been welcome. — N. Stahler.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

REMARKS ON THE GENUS ELASMOSTETHUS IN

NORTH AMERICA

(Hemiptera, Pentatomidse)

BY J. R. de la TORRE-BUENO

Tucson, Arizona

Up to 1904, when E. P. Van Duzee published his “Annotated

List of the Pentatomidae Recorded from America North of Mex-

ico” (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXX:l-80), there was known only

one species, Elasmostethus (then termed Acanthosoma ) cruciatus

Say. In this paper, Van Duzee described one species, atricornis,

and var. cooleyi of cruciatus Say.

There our knowledge of the American species of Elasmoste-

thus rested until 1932, when H. G. Barber in his paper “Two

Palearctic Hemiptera in the Nearctic Fauna” (Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash. XXXIV:65-66) synonymized Van Duzee’s var. cooleyi

with E. inter stinctus Linne, based on specimens from the Mac-

kensie Delta received by J. R. Malloch from Owen Bryant. I

have seen these specimens.

Van Duzee gives very little, other than color, to distinguish

his variety, the structural characters falling within the limits

of variability of cruciatus. There are in my collection two male

specimens from Bryant named “var. cooleyi ” by Barber. These

answer to Van Duzee’s characterization. There are also two

females from the lot from Aklavik, identified as E. inter stinctus

by Barber and Malloch. This determination I have checked in

the light of the European keys and descriptions (Fieber, Lameere,

Saunders, etc) and by comparison with authoritatively deter-

mined European specimens (England, Bohemia, Spain) . There

are elusive differences, but the male genital segment in the

American and the European specimens (by Barber’s drawing)

and the female segment from specimens from both regions are

indistinguishable from each other in either sex, as between speci-

mens. All, European and American, have the “row of black

spots on either side of the venter, midway on segments 2 to 6”

as stated hy Barber.

However, the two specimens determined by Barber as “var.

cooleyi V.D.” have no such rows of black spots, but they agree

with Van Duzee’s description, in which no mention is made of

ventral black spots. Now, since the characterization of the

Variety is but a meticulous color description, it is impossible

that such a conspicuous color character should be overlooked;

oct. 1939]

TORRE-BUENO— ELASMOSTETHUS

187

in fact, Van Duzee categorically states: “Beneath pale yellowish

immaculate ” (Italics mine). Consequently, Elasmostethus cru-

ciatus Say var. cooleyi Van Duzee clearly cannot be E. inter -

stinctus L., and it stands as a smaller color variety as described.

On the other hand, E. inter stinctus is obviously correctly

interpreted and is found in America, as recorded.

The following brief key brings out the differences among

the three North American species.

Key to Species of Elasmostethus

1. Antennse piceous or shining black with the incisures pale (pro-

notal punctures fine, concolorous on the anterior part of the

pronotum and a dark narrow series posteriorly) ; length, 9-10

mm., width, 5-5.5 mm. atricornis V.D.

-. Antennae pale, except for the more or less darker apical seg-

ment 2

2. Pronotal punctures coarse, almost like foveoles, widely sepa-

rated; venter without lateral rows of black spots, from ventral

segment II to VI; length, 7-11 mm., width, 4.9-6 mm

cruciatus Say (and var. cooleyi V.D.)

-. Pronotal punctures small, punctiform, fairly close together;

ventral segments II to VI each with a lateral black spot on

each side; length, 10.6 mm., width, 4.9 mm interstinctus Linne

Van Dyke Retirement

After twenty-five years of service with the University of

California, Dr. Edwin Cooper Van Dyke retired on June 30,

1939, at the age of seventy years. As a tribute to his years of

service as teacher, counselor, philosopher, and friend, a group

of one hundred and twenty-five associates gathered at a banquet

on Saturday evening, April 29, 1939, at the International House

in Berkeley. Dr. W. B. Herms, chief of the division, presided

as toastmaster and introduced the following speakers: Dr. S. B.

Freeborn, Dr. R. C. Miller, Prof. E. 0. Essig, Dr. J. H. Keen,

Dr. E. G. Linsley, Mr. H. H. Keifer, and Mr. E. S. Ross. A

bound volume of letters and telegrams received from hundreds

of friends, far and near, was presented to Dr. Van Dyke and a

silver bowl was presented to Mrs. Van Dyke.

Dr. Van Dyke retires as a true entomologist, molting into

an instar of even greater activity and productivity unfettered by

official duties. His library follows his collection to the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences where he will carry on his work in

the future. For the present and during the next year, however,

Dr. and Mrs. Van Dyke are taking a long-anticipated field trip

through the south Atlantic states. — R. L. Usinger.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

A NEW COLLETES (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) FOUND

ON SANTA CATALINA ISLAND

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Boulder, Colorado

Last year my wife and I collected a species of Colletes in

some abundance at various places and on various flowers on

Catalina Island. On comparing it with the collection at the

Citrus Experiment Station, it was found to be C. eriogoni, which

Timberlake had collected on the mainland, and had named in

manuscript. Mr. Timberlake very kindly permits me to describe

it, as it is an important member of the island bee-fauna. The

pubescence varies in color; specimens taken late in the season

(September 1) being pale, apparently bleached, and I thought

at first there might be two species, but the characteristic abdom-

inal structures are the same.

Colletes eriogoni (Timberlake MS.) Cockerell, new species

$ . (Type). Length about 10 mm. ; slender, black, with bright

fulvous pubescence, with no dark hairs intermixed; abdomen with

five entire bands of tomentum, that on first tergite narrower than

that on second; head broad, eyes strongly converging below; man-

dibles faintly brownish at tip; antennae black, the flagellum long,

reaching scutellum; malar space nearly as long as broad; posterior

disc of mesonotum and anterior part of scutellum shining; tegulae

dark brown; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures brown; legs

black; first tergite with small inconspicuous punctures. Lobes

of eighth ventral plate very large and broad, of the general style

of C. scopiventer Swenk, with no lateral process, the apical part

broader than in C. scopiventer, conspicuously dilate on the margin,

and the inner face near the base conspicuously fimbriate. Volsella

dark, bilobed, the lobes minutely denticulate on inner face. Stipites

with the apical portion flattened, very slender in one view, strongly

fringed at base and along sides as well as at apex, somewhat in

the style of C. spectabilis Morawitz. Sagittse strap-shaped, strongly

curved, truncate, rather in the style of C. cinerascens Morawitz,

but with very long hairs on the concave side. Apical lobe of

eighth ventral plate broadened, dark, hairy. Sixth ventral plate

with conspicuous lateral tufts of hair on tubercles, rather as in

C. daviesanus Smith.

2. Length about 10.2 mm., anterior wing 7 mm.; black, with

pale ochreous-tinted pubescence, dense and rather brightly colored

on thorax above, with no dark hairs; antennas black; mandibles

very faintly brownish at apex; head broad, clypeus exposed,

oct. 1939]

COCKERELL— A NEW COLLETES

189

glistening, coarsely striate; malar space fully twice as broad as

long; mesonotum mainly dull, but posterior disc shining, with

sparse large punctures; scutellum shining anteriorly; base of

metathorax with the transverse plicse well spaced; tegulee small,

very dark brown; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma dark brown;

legs black, hind tarsi with very long hairs posteriorly; abdomen

shining on first two tergites, duller and very minutely punctured

beyond; tergites one to five with broad apical bands of ochreous-

tinted tomentum; the band on first is narrow, but looks broad

because it is contiguous with a broad band at base of second

tergite.

The type has the genitalia extended, but for more minute

study I boiled up part of the abdomen of a male from Fisher-

man’s Cove, on Calochortus, and mounted the parts in balsam.

The type (male) is from San Bernardino Mountains, California,

7000 feet on trail to the Dobbs cabin, August 2, 1936, at flowers

of Eriogonum fasciculatum Benthem, collected by P. H. Timber-

lake. On Santa Catalina Island, in 1938, my wife and I collected

it as follows: Avalon, June 5, many females; near road at

Summit (highest point on the automobile road), September 1,

at flowers of Eriogonum, giganteum Watson, both sexes; Pebbly

Beach, June 4, females; Cape Canyon, at flowers of Opuntia

littoralis (Engelm.), both sexes; Fisherman’s Cove, June 9, at

flowers of Calochortus and Sinapis. The description of the

female is made from a specimen collected at Avalon, June 5.

In a manuscript table of Californian Colletes the female is

distinguished by the absence of black hair on thorax above,

the bright tawny yellow hair of head and thorax, and the very

distinct abdominal bands. The male is distinguished from all

others by the abdominal structures.

The House Centipede (Scutigera forceps Raf.)

in Washington

A specimen of Scutigera forceps Raf., the house centipede,

was received recently from Yakima, Washington, taken in a

warehouse. Several years ago an example of the same species

was sent in from Spokane. The species thus apparently occurs

at least in the eastern portion of the state, although perhaps only

adventitiously. — Melville H. Hatch, University of Washington.

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PASADENUS

(Homoptera, Cicadellidse)

BY R. H. BEAMER

Lawrence , Kansas *

Pasadenus bicolor Beamer, new species

Resembling P. margaritce Ball, but vertex much sharper, male

plates extending but slightly past pygofers. Length: 5-5.5 mm.

Vertex flat, slightly more than a right angle, rounded to face.

Elytra longer than abdomen, broadly rounded, flaring, but few

more than typical number of cells in apices.

Color like that of P. pasadenus; vertex and anterior two-thirds

of clavus ivory yellow; pronotum and scutellum dark; corium

hyaline except broad band of fuscous bordering clavus and two

crossbands, one near middle, the other at apex fuscous; venter

yellow except middle portion of last ventral segment of female

black.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about three times

as long as preceding, with lateral angles broadly rounding to

mediumly deep excavated middle portion. Valve of male obtusely

angled; plates narrower at base than valve, almost twice as long

as wide, but slightly narrowed at apices, tips turned up, inner

margin ending in black spine; pygofer almost as long as plates,

a very small spine on dorsal’ margin almost at tip, usually not

visible until dissected; sedeagus in dorso-ventral view broad at

base, narrowing to outer third, widening into flat spade-like apex

with retrorse process on either side as long as width of shaft at

narrowest place, another shorter, outward-projecting spine at

each outer corner.

Holotype male, allotype female, and 15 pairs of paratypes,

Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, California, July 29-30, 1938,

R. H. Beamer. Swept from Arctostaphylos pringlei drupacea

Parry. Types in Snow Entomological Collection, Lawrence,

Kansas. Specimens are at hand from the same locality, but

taken from A. glandulosa and also from Mt. Springs, California,

taken from A. glauca. These vary slightly from the types in

the internal structures.

Pasadenus anzanus Beamer, new species

Resembling P. margaritce. Ball but vertex definitely sharper,

plates of male diverging on inner margin at apices and aedeagus

* Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Kansas.

oct. 1939]

BEAMER— TWO NEW PASADENUS

191

with a long tube beyond the bifurcate lateral processes. Length,

6-6.5 mm.

Vertex sharp, slightly more than a right angle, disc flat;

elytra quite reticulate on outer half.

Color ivory white marked with fuscous and lemon yellow. Ver-

tex and basal two-thirds of clavus lemon yellow; pronotum and

scutellum infuscated, band of irregular spots on anterior margin

of pronotum darker ; corium hyaline with median and apical

brown cross bands, also broad brown border to clavus.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about four times

as long as preceding, posterior margin broadly bilobed with median

notch about one-fourth as deep as length, with prominent median

Y-shaped black mark. Male valve almost twice as long as preced-

ing segment, broadly angular ; plates narrower at base than valve,

extending about half their length beyond pygofer, slightly sepa-

rated on mesal margin, at base, and more so at tip, medium dor-

sally curving spine on inner margin at apex; pygofer almost

lacking usual spine at tip, apices triangular, turned dorsally,

sedeagus in dorsal view broad at base narrowing to outer third,

widening into a pair of lateral bifurcate processes, the shorter

turning basally, the other apieally; duct extending on, much

narrowed, with a pair of shorter lateral processes near tip, to

end about even with other processes.

Holotype male, allotype female, six male and three female

paratypes, Anza, California, July 29, 1938, R. H. Beamer and

R. I. Sailer. Swept from Arctostaphylos pungens H.B.K.

THE ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS COMPLEX OF

WESTERN AMERICA

(Diptera, Culicidse)

BY THOMAS H. G. AITKEN

University of California , Berkeley

Much controversy has been waged as to the exact status of

A. maculipennis Meig. in North America. Studies carried on

by the writer suggest the presence of three subspecies in our

fauna. Typical maculipennis Meig. is considered not to occur

in this country, because occidentalis (D.&K.), our only form

resembling it in the silvery patch of scales at the wing apex,

differs in having non-banded eggs and distinct terminalia. The

two remaining forms, aztecus Hoff, and freeborni new sub-

species, have unicolored wings.

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Anopheles maculipennis freeborni Aitken, new subspecies

Female. Similar to maculipennis 1 except for unicolorous wing

scales.

Male terminalia. External claspette spine acute.

Egg. Uniformly dark grey, unbanded, columellae relatively

far apart; floats smooth, 12-13 chambers.

Holotype, male, No. 4889, allotype, female, No. 4890, Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ent., and 23 paratypes, “Davis, Calif. XI-6-37. T.

Aitken.”

Discussion. Freeborni differs from the European maculi-

pennis complex" ( maculipennis , messece Fall., melanoon Hack.,

subalpinus Hack. & Lew., labranchice Fall., atro parvus v. Th.

and elutus Edw.) by its unicolored wings and unspotted eggs

(exception elutus ). In the egg of elutus the floats are rudi-

mentary or wanting (cross-lined when present) ; the columellae

of the chorion (dorsum) in freeborni are small with relatively

large intervening spaces, giving a dark effect.

The status of occidentalis in America has been greatly con-

fused, due to the fact that the type series (U. S. N. M.) is a mix-

ture. It includes at present 78 specimens; 64 (including type,

No. 10,028) from Stanford University and one from Portland,

Ore., are the true “silver-tipped” occidentalis ; the others (Thrall

and Sisson, Calif.; Portland, Ore.; Revelstoke, B. C. ; Boise,

Idaho; and Lehi, Utah) are all the unicolored inland form,

freeborni.

Besides the “silver-tipped” wing, occidentalis has an egg

similar to that of freeborni , but the columellae are larger and

closer together giving the egg a pale grey appearance. Occi-

dentalis may have a predilection for impounded water in con-

trast to the fresh, irrigation water preference of freeborni. Occi-

dentalis is restricted to a narrow strip along the west coast from

the region of San Luis Obispo, Calif., north to the Canadian

Northwest Territory and across the continent along the inter-

national boundary to New England. Freeborni occurs through-

out those regions west of the Continental Divide, appearing on

the coast in Southern California. Aztecus 1 2 3 is found in the Valley

of Mexico. Like freeborni it has unicolored wings, but the egg

has rough floats with 25 chambers. Its breeding habits appear

to be different.

1 Freeborn, S. B., Univ. of Calif. Publ. Ent., 3 :448, 1926. ( freeborni nec

2 Hackett, L. W., Quart. Bull., Health Org., League of Nations, 6 :1-16, 1937.

3 Hoffmann, C. C., Anales del Inst. Biol, de Mex., 6 :3-22, 1935.

oct. 1939]

INDEX TO VOLUME XV

193

Acmeeodera acuta Lee., 74.

adenostomse Cazier, 71.

angelica Fall, 73.

a. nexa Fall, 73.

connexa Lee., 74.

coquilletti Fall, 71.

dohrni Horn, 74.

dolorosa Fall, 75.

fenyesi Fall, 70, 180.

gemina Horn, 75.

guttifera Lee., 75.

hepburni Lee., 73.

holsteni White, 71.

insignis Horn, 182.

jacosa Fall, 70, 180.

m. bernardino E.C.V., 74.

palmarura Timblk., 181.

perlanosa Timblk., 179.

plagiaticauda Horn, 70.

postica Fall, 75.

prorsa Fall, 74.

quadriseriata Fall, 73.

sinuata E.C.V., 74.

Aedes flavescens (Mul.), 13.

nigromaculis (Ludl.), 14.

Agonia purpurascens Gres., 134.

vandepolli (Gestro), 135.

xanthosticta (Gestro), 135.

Amblycheila, notes on, 110.

picolominii Rche., 110.

schwarzi W. H., 110.

Ameletus amador Mayo, 149.

Amphorophora

nervata (G.), 176.

Andrena boharti (Linsl.), 159.

nigroclypeata Linsl., 155.

rhodotricha Linsl., 157.

sphaeralceae Linsl., 160.

Angitia psenerivalis (V.), 185.

platyptiliae Cush., 183.

Anopheles

m. freeborni Aitken, 191.

Aphis cardui Linn., 176.

filifoliae G. & P., 176.

hilechrysi Kalt., 176

incognita H. & F., 176.

pomi Deg., 176.

rosea (Baker), 176.

spiraecola Patch, 143

Aspidomorpha

difformis (M.), 139.

dorsata (Fabr.), 139.

furcata (Thunb.), 139.

fuscopunctata Boh., 140.

indica Boh., 140.

miliaris (Fabr.), 140.

sanctae-crucis (Fabr.), 140.

s. fraterna Baly, 140.

Asteia multipunctata Sabr., 165.

Beekeeping, 35.

Bodenheimer, Problems of Ani-

mal Ecology reviewed, 185.

Brachylampis E.C.V., 15.

blaisdelli E.C.V., 17.

sanguinicollis E.C.V., 16.

Breakey, Notice of Puget Sound

Entomological Society, 144.

Brevicoryne brassicae L., 176.

Buprestis aurulenta L., 154.

connexa Horn, 60.

Callibaetis

californicus Banks, 145.

Callispa apicalis Pic, 132.

bowringii Baly, 133.

cumingii Baly, 133.

flavescens Weise, 133.

fortunii Baly, 133.

Caloparyphus James, as

subgenus of Euparyphus, 49.

amplus Coq., 51.

crotchii (O. S.), 55.

crucigerus Coq., 54.

currani James, 52.

decem-maculatus O. S., 51.

flaviventris James, 56.

major Hine, 56.

mariposa James, 54.

pretiosa Banks, 55.

tahoensis Coq., 53.

t. obliquus Hine, 53.

Calopepla

1. insulana Gress., 138.

Capitophorus ribis (L.), 176.

rosae (L.), 176.

Garipeta piniata suffusata

Guedet, 32.

Cassida fuscorufa Motsch., 142.

japana Baly, 142.

lineola Creutz., 142.

mongolica Boh., 142.

nebulosa Linn., 142.

obtusata Boh., 142.

piperata Hope, 143.

triangulum (Weise), 143.

vespertina Boh., 142.

Cazier,

Notes on Amblycheila, 110.

Chirida punctata (Weber), 143.

scalaris (Weber), 143.

Cinara edulis (Wils.), 176.

Clark, B. P., obituary, 90.

Clavigerus bicolor (Oest.), 176.

smithise (Mon.), 176.

Colletes eriogoni Cock., 188.

Conoderus arizonicus E.C.V., 11.

bicarinatus E.C.V., (preoc.),

11 .

laurentii (Guer.), 11.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Cononotus, Key, 19.

bryanti E.C.V., 18.

lanchesteri E.C.V., 19.

Continental Drift, 88.

Crocidema

californica E.C.V., 122.

Cryptops nautiphilus Ch., 63.

positus Chamb., 64.

venezuelae Chamb., 63.

watsingus Chamb., 64.

Culex tarsalis Coq., 14.

Cysteochila hackeri Drake, 87.

Dactuliothrips, key, 170.

diversus Bailey, 170.

Dactylispa angulosa (Sol.), 137.

cladophora (Guer.), 137.

corpulentina Uhm., 137.

dimidiata (Gestro), 137.

sauteri Uhm., 138.

subquadrata (Baly), 138.

vittuta ( Chap . ) , 138.

Delphax Fabr., 67.

Dendroides marginata E.C.V.,

20 .

pacificus Bar. (synon.), 20.

Diadasia australis Cress., 59.

mimetica (Cock.), 59.

opuntiae (Qock.), 59.

Dicysta cara Drake, 87.

parilis Drake, 88.

Dolichodynerus Bohart, key, 101.

Downesia vandykei Gress., 133.

Duncan, Biology of Vespine

Wasps reviewed, 75.

DuToit, Our Wandering

Continents reviewed, 88.

Eckert, History of American

Beekeeping reviewed, 35.

Elasmostethus, key, 187.

atricornis E.P.V., 187.

cruciatus Say, 187.

c. cooleyi E.P.V., 187.

interstinctus Linn., 187.

Epeolus Latr., 1.

Epicauta magnomaculata M., 65.

Epinotia meritana H., 89.

Eremosaprinus Ross, as subgenus

of Saprinus, 39.

carinifer Fall, 42

f alii Ross, 41.

key to species, 40.

opacus Horn, 42.

unguiculatus Ross, 40.

Eriosoma lanigerum (H.), 177.

Essigella californica (E.), 177.

Euceraphis gillettei (D.), 177.

Euparyphus, key, 50.

Fullawaya

saliciradicis Essig, 177.

Gonophora albitarsis G., 135.

apicalis Baly, 135.

borneana Gress., 136.

hsemorrhoidais (Web.), 136.

xanthomelasna (Wied.), 136.

Hatch, Note on Scutigera, 189.

Hatch & Bjorkman, Note on

Silpha coloradensis W., 96.

Hebdomecosta reitteri S., 143.

Heifer, Note on the Male of

Buprestis connexa, 60.

Heliothis obsoleta (F.), 123.

phloxiphaga G. & R., 123.

Herbstiella, 6.

Hermetria illucens L., 86.

Hesperonomada Linsley, 5.

melanantha Linsley, 6.

Hinds, Thysanoptera, 91.

Hoplionota, 138.

House centiped in Washington,

189

Kakimia H. & F., key, 36.

castelleiae Samps., 36.

cynosbati (Oest.), 38.

essigi (G. & P.), 38.

houghtonensis (Trp.),38.

mimulicola D. & S., 38.

ribifolii (Dvdn.), 38.

Laccoptera

q. bohemani Weise, 140.

14-notata Boh., 140.

13-punctata (Fabr.), 141.

v. puncticollis Gress., 141.

Lachnus rosse Choi., 177.

salignus (Gmel.), 177.

Lasiochila balli Uhm., 132.

feae (Baly), 132.

Leptispa godwini Baly, 133.

Leptochilus Saus., 98.

Liburnia Stal, 66, 68.

Lytta agrestis Fall, 65.

Macrosiphum atripes G.&P., 177.

creelii Davis, 177.

pisi (Kalt.), 177.

rosse (L.), 177.

solanifolii (Ash.), 177.

Maehler, Notes on Meloidae, 65.

Malachius blaisdelli Hop., 62.

yuccae Hopping, 61.

Mandibles as secondary sexual

organs, 95.

Megapyga

coeruleomoculata Boh., 139.

terminalis Boh., 139.

Megarhyssa, key, 126.

greenei Vier., 128.

lunator (Fabr.), 129.

1. icterosticta Mich., 130.

I. plaeoptila Mich., 129.

nortoni (Cress.), 128.

Melanthripidae, generic key, 169.

oct. 1939]

INDEX TO VOLUME XV

195

Metriona circumdata (H.), 141.

sigillata (Gorh.), 141.

thais (Boh.), 141.

Mindarus victoria Essig, 105.

Monochirus moerens (B.), 137.

Mordwilkoja

vagabunda (W.), 178.

Moulton, Note on Rhipidothrips

brunneus Will., 20.

Mullein Thrips, 111.

Mycetophagus pluriguttatus

franciscanus E.C.V., 17.

Myzocallis ulmifolii (M.), 178.

Myzus cerasi (Fabr.), 178.

persicas (Sulz.), 178.

Nebria, key, 117.

aleuta E.C.V., 120.

bifaria Mann., 119.

brevis Csy., 120.

columbiana Csy., 121.

crassicornis E.(I!.V., 119.

diversa Lee., 121.

eschscholtzi Men., 121.

formalis Csy., 121.

gebleri Dej., 118.

gregaria Fisch., 120.

hippisleyi Csy., 121.

hudsonica Lee., 117.

kincaidi Schw.^ 121.

labradorica Csy., 119.

mannerheimi Fisch., 120.

meanyi E.C.V., 118.

metallica Fisch., 118.

obtusa Lee., 121.

paradisi Dari., 121.

parvula Sahib., 119.

piperi E.C.V., 119.

purpurata Lee., 119.

reducta Csy., 119.

sahlbergi Fisch., 120.

schwarzi E.C.V., 119.

tenuipes Csy., 121.

transversa Csy., 121.

trifaria E.C.V., 118.

vandykei Bann., 118.

virescens Horn, 120.

viridis Horn, 119.

Nebriola Daniel, 121.

Needleminer in White Fir, 89.

Neoheegeria, key, 111.

verbasci (Osb.), 112.

Neonebria Hatch, 117.

Noctuid larvae, 123.

Obituary, B. P. Clark, 90.

Odynerus Latr., key to spp., 77.

Key to subgenera, 97.

aldrichi Fox, 78.

bicolor Prov. (preoc.),81.

cinnabarinus Bohart, 83.

dilectus Sauss., 80.

erythrogaster Bohart, 81.

margaretellus Roh., 82.

republicanus D. T., 99.

tanynotus Cam., 103.

turgiceps Bohart, 102.

Omus dejeani Rche., 95.

Oncocephala bicristata Ch., 133.

quadrilobata Guer, 133.

Ornithodoros talaje (G.), 12.

Orochlesis ater Zimm., 57.

Our Wandering Continents

reviewed, 88.

Pachybrachys hybridus S., 182.

Pacific Coast Entomological

Society, Proceedings, 44.

Paraleptophlebia placeri M., 149.

Paranomada velutina L., 10.

Pasadenus anzanus Beam., 191.

bicolor Beamer, 190.

Pemphigus

populi-transversus Ril., 178.

Phengommatsea olifata Gued., 31.

Philedia p. connecta G., 30.

Phorodon, key, 173.

humuli (Schr.), 173.

menthae (Buck.), 174.

phlox* Sampson, 174.

Platypria echidna Guer., 138.

Priocera, key, 164.

catalin* Cazier, 162.

Prioptera angusta S., 138.

chinensis (Fabr.), 138.

immaculata Weg., 139.

m. reducta Gress., 139.

sinuata (Oliv. ), 139.

w. trabeata Fairm., 139.

Problems of Animal Ecology

reviewed, 185.

Proceedings, Pacific Coast

Entomological Society, 44.

Promecotheca cumingi B., 133.

Protepeolus integer Linsl., 4.

singularis L. & M., 5.

Pseudomethoca sacatona C., 94.

Puget Sound Entomological

Society notice, 144.

Racheospila tenuimargo W., 29.

Rhadinosa

nigrocyanea (M.),137.

Rhipidothrips brunneus W., 20.

Rhithrogena

flavianula McD., 145.

Rhopalosiphum

prunifolise (Fitch), 178.

Rhynchites velatus Lee., 122.

Saprinus, 39.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XV. NO. 4

Schizopus, key, 86.

sallei Horn, 85.

Scutigera forceps Raf., 189.

Semiothisa kuschea Gued., 33.

Silpha coloradensis Wick., 96.

Siphlonurus maria Mayo, 145.

occidentalis Eaton, 145.

Stahler, Note on Aphids on

Spirsea, 143.

Problems of Animal Ecology

reviewed, 185.

Stamnoctensis vernon Gued., 29.

Stenodynerus Sauss., 100.

Stratiomyid larvae in honeybee

nests, 86.

Symphyla, 21.

Symphylella capitata Mich., 27.

essigi Michelb., 23.

subterranea Michelb., 22.

Tabanus dodgei Whit., 116.

Tamalia coweni (Cock.), 178.

Thlaspida japonica S., 141.

Ting, Note on Pachybrachys,

182.

Note on weevils, 122.

Toxoptera graminum (Rond.),

178.

Triepeolus mojavensis L., 2.

Triopasites timberlakei L., 9.

Usinger, Book reviews, 75, 88.

Obituary notice of B. P.

Clark, 90.

Van Dyke retirement, 187.

Van Duzee, Note by, 28.

Note on a Tabanid, 116.

Van Dyke, Note by, 86.

An Ancient Beetle, 154.

Retirement, 187.

Vespine wasps, 75.

Vinemina perdita Gued., 34.

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME FIFTEEN

19 3 9

E. P. VAN DUZEE, Editor Emeritus

R. L. USINGER, Editor

E. C. VAN DYKE, Associate Editor

E. S. ROSS, Assistant Editor

E. R. LEACH, Treasurer

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

1939

E. G. Linsley

F. X. Williams

S. F. Bailey

1940

C. D. Duncan

J. A. Comstock

H. H. Keifer

1941

G. F. Ferris

F. E. Blaisdell

E. O. Essig, Chairman

San Francisco, California

1939

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XV

Aitken, T. H. G.,

Ornithodoros talaje on the California mainland 12

Two new Aedes records for California 13

The Anopheles maculipennis complex of

western America 191

Bailey, S. F.,

The Hinds collection of Thysanoptera 91

The Mullein Thrips Ill

A new species of thrips from the Mojave Desert 168

Bohart, R. M.,

Taxonomy of the typical subgenus Odynerus in

North America 76

Notes on Odynerus with a key to the North American

subgenera and description of a new subgenus 97

Beamer, R. H.,

Two new species of Pasadenus 190

Caldwell, A. H., Jr.,

A new species of Pseudomethoca from Arizona 94

Cazier, M. A.,

Notes on the genus Schizopus with a key to the species 85

A new Arizona Priocera, with a key to species 162

Chamberlin, R. V.,

F our new centipeds of the genus Cryptops 63

Cockerell, T. D. A.,

Bees related to Diadasia australis Cresson 59

A new Colletes found on Santa Catalina Island 188

Cushman, R. A.,

A new Angitia, parasitic on the Artichoke Plume-moth.... 183

DeLeon, Donald,

An outbreak of a needleminer, Epinotia meritana,

in White Fir 89

Drake, C. J.,

Three new species of Tingitidae from Australia 87

Drews, E. A.,

A contribution to the knowledge of the

Aphididae of Nevada 175

Essig, E. 0.,

A new aphid of the genus Mindarus from

White Fir in British Columbia 105

Ill

Gressitt, J. L.,

East Asian Hispinae and Cassidinae in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences 132

Guedet, Edward,

Geometrid notes and new species 29

Hatch, M. H.,

A key to the species of Nebria of northwestern

North America 117

Hopping, Ralph,

New species of Malachius from California 61

James, M. T.,

The species of Euparyphus related to crotchii 0. S 49

Linsley, E. G.,

Some new genera and species of Epeoline and

Nomadine bees 1

New species of Andrenid bees from California 155

Mayo, V. K.,

New western Ephemeroptera 145

Michelbacher, A. E.,

Notes on Symphyla with descriptions of three new

species of Symphylella from California 21

Michener, C. D.,

Notes on North American species of Megarhyssa 126

Pacific Coast Entomological Society Proceedings 44

Pratt, R. Y.,

The mandibles of Omus dejeani Rche. as

secondary sexual organs 95

Ross, E. S.,

A new subgenus of North American Saprinus 39

Sabrosky, C. W.,

A new North American species of Asteia 165

Sampson, W. W.,

The aphid genus Kakimia in California 36

California aphids of the genus Phorodon 173

Stahler, Nathan,

Notes on the taxonomy of Noctuid larvae 123

Timberlake, P. H.,

Two new species of Acmaeodera from California 179

Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la,

Remarks on the genus Elasmostethus in

North America 186

Van Duzee, E. P.,

On the standing of the genus Liburnia Stal 66

Van Dyke, E. C.,

An exotic Conoderus new to California with a

new name for bicarinatus Van Dyke 11

New species and subspecies of west

American Coleoptera 15

White, B. E.,

A new species of Acmaeodera with biological notes

on others from Santa Barbara County, California 69

Zimmerman, E. C.,

A new Fijian Orochlesis 57

MAILING DATES FOR 1939 NUMBERS

January number, February 10, 1939; April number, April

27, 1939; July number, August 9, 1939; October number, October

28, 1939.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

California Academy of Sciences

Entomology Department

San Francisco, California

BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

By W. G. Wright , 1907

Bound volumes of the thirty-two beautiful colored plates of this

work, of which a large proportion of the complete books burned in

the great San Francisco fire, may be obtained from the curator of

entomology. Explanations of each plate and an index make this a

very convenient handbook for field identification of West Coast

butterflies. Price $2.50.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages,

including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the

treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the

early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip-

tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs,

Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van

Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the

Society’s Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes

1 and 2 as above, $5.00.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Complete sets are still available at no increase in price. Volumes

1 to 14, 1924 to date, $28.00. Single copies are priced at 50 cents.

A few papers from early volumes are available separately. Price

sent upon application.