Vol. XVII

January, 1941

No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

MICHENER, SYNOPSIS OF THE CHINESE METOPIUS 1

JAMES, STRATIOMYIDJE FROM PALEARCTIC ASIA 14

AITKEN, SUPELLA SUPELLECTILIUM IN CALIFORNIA 22

SMITH, LIST OF THE ANTS OF WASHINGTON STATE 23

REEVES, THE MOSQUITO GENUS MANSONIA IN CALIFORNIA 28

HOPPING, A NEW SPECIES OF XYLOTRECHUS 29

ESSIG, CHARLES WILLIAM WOODWORTH 30

STAHLER, LIFE HISTORY OF PHLCEOTHRIPS SYCAMORENSIS 31

LINSLEY, HENRY CLINTON FALL MEMORIAL PUBLICATION FUND.... 33

TIMBERLAKE, A NEW ANTHOPHORA FROM CALIFORNIA 34

USINGER, BOOK NOTICES 36

BLAISDELL, A NEW ELEODES FROM ARIZONA 37

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS 40

LIST OF MEMBERS 46

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1941

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XVII, No. 1 January, 1941

NOTES ON THE SUBGENERA OF METOPIUS WITH A

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CENTRAL AND

SOUTHERN CHINA

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidas)

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

University of California, Berkeley

With the exception of a few relatively common forms, speci-

mens of Metopius are rather rarely collected. Nevertheless, many

species exist, distinguished by numerous and relatively constant

characters, as demonstrated by Clemont (1929) in his revision

of the Palearctic species. The European species of the genus

whose habits are known are parasites of Lepidoptera.

I — Subgenera

The genus Metopius was described by Panzer (1806), who

included two species, M. vespoides (Scopoli) [ =necator (Fab-

ricius)] and dissectorius (Panzer). Viereck (1912) designated

vespoides (Scopoli) as the genotype. Clemont (1929) apparently

believed that Panzer had included three species, dissectorius

(Panzer), micratorius (Fabricius) and necatorius (Fabricius)

[ =necator (Fabricius)]. Although placing necator as a syn-

onym of vespoides without comment on page 349, Clemont stated

in his introduction that he regarded this synonymy as not fully

established, and therefore redesignated the genotype as Ichneu-

mon micratorius Fabricius, a species not included in the genus

by Panzer at the time of his original description. Even though

the identity of Panzer’s vespoides with that of Scopoli is not

definitely established (Clemont suggested that the former may be

the same as M. hrevispina Thomson), Clemont’s genotype fixa-

tion is out of order, and the genotype of Metopius must remain

Sphex vespoides Scopoli, as originally designated by Viereck.

Clemont, following his own genotype fixation, uses the sub-

generic name Metopius for a group of species including micra-

torius (Fabricius), and describes a new subgenus, Peltopius, for

vespoides (Scopoli) and its relatives. It is evident from the fore-

going that Peltopius must fall as a synonym of Metopius s. str.,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVII. NO. 1

being isogenotypic with it, and that a new name must be erected

for the Metopius s. str. of Clemont. For this group, the name

Clemontia is here proposed. The following is a bibliographical

summary of the subgenera of Metopius.

1. Metopius Panzer, 1806, Krit. Rev. d. Ins. Deutschl., 2:78.

Type species: Sphex vespoides Scopoli, designated by Vie-

reck, 1912, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14:176.

Peltastes Illiger, 1807, in: Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, 2nd Ed., p. 55.

Type species : Ichneumon necatorius Fabricius [ =Sphex ves-

poides Scopoli], designated by Curtis, 1824, Brit. Ent., 1:4.

Peltopius Clemont, 1927, in: Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichneum.,

fasc. 44:3461.

Type species : Sphex vespoides Scopoli, designated by Cle-

mont, 1929, Konowia, 8:347.

2. Peltocarus Thomson, 1887, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr., 1887:196.

Type species: Metopius croceicornis Thomson, designated by

Viereck, 1914, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 83:112.

3. Ceratopius Clemont, 1927, in: Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichneum.,

fasc. 44:3461.

Type species: Ichneumon dissectorius Panzer, designated by

Clemont, 1929, Konowia, 8:408.

4. Clemontia Michener, new subgenus.

Metopius Clemont, 1927, in: Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ich-

neum., fasc., 44:3461.

Metopius Clemont, 1929, Konowia, 8:365.

Type species: Ichneumon micratorius Fabricius.

All of the American species which I have studied [M. bellus

Cresson, nevadensis Cresson, montanus Cresson, pollinctorius

(Say), and an apparently new species] belong to the subgenus

Clemontia.

II — Species of central and southern China

Several authors have already described species of Metopius

from various parts of the Orient, primarily from Japan, but with

the exception of the widely distributed M. rufus Cameron, these

forms are not represented in the Chinese material before me.

All of the species treated in the subsequent part of this paper

belong to the subgenus Ceratopius Clemont, which is, at least in

so far as the species known to me are concerned, divisible into

two distinct groups, as shown in the first dichotomy of the fol-

lowing key. The possible propriety of a fifth subgeneric name

is thus indicated.

JANUARY, 1941] MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

Key to the central and southern Chinese Species

of Metopius

1. Dorsal carinee of first abdominal tergite strongly elevated, so

that the tergite, viewed from the side, has the upper surface

strongly angulate at the summit of the subvertical anterior

face; basal area of propodeum closed behind; posterior lateral

angles of propodeum formed by an elevated angle on a carina;

outer hind tibial spur about as long as apical width of hind

tibia; first tergite with distinct longitudinal supraspiracular

carina on each side 2

— . Dorsal carinee of first abdominal tergite not strongly elevated,

so that the tergite, viewed from the side, has the upper surface

rounded and the anterior face subhorizontal; basal area of

propodeum open behind; posterior lateral angles of propodeum

low and rounded; outer hind tibial spur longer than apical

width of hind tibia; first tergite without supraspiracular

carinas 5

2. Fourth abdominal tergite longer than broad; abdomen strongly

blue, its pale markings much reduced metallicus

— . Fourth abdominal tergite broader than long; abdomen feebly

metallic 3

3. Areolet of fore wings small, with a long petiole; posterior lat-

eral angles of abdominal tergites three to five yellow ....gressitti

— . Areolet of fore wings not or hardly petiolate; tergites one to

four with complete or nearly complete pale apical fasciae 4

4. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by nearly the ocellar diam-

eter; propodeal areola broadest near middle, posterior end

rather narrowly rounded quadrif asciatus

— . Lateral ocellus separated from eye by about one-half the ocel-

lar diameter ; propodeal areola broadest near posterior end,

which is broadly rounded vandykei

5. Fifth and sixth abdominal tergites shorter than apical widths,

each with a distinct posterior yellow band rufus browni

— . Fifth and sixth abdominal tergites about as long as apical

widths, almost entirely black uchidai

Metopius (Ceratopius) quadrif asciatus Michener, new species

This is a species with feebly metallic abdomen, and complete

yellow fasciae on the first four abdominal terga.

Female: Length 11 mm. Head black; facial shield margined

with yellow, more broadly so laterally than at the ends; sides of

face yellow to a point well above antennal sockets; cheeks reced-

ing immediately behind the eyes; facial shield longer than broad,

widest at upper end, upper margin feebly convex except laterally,

lower margin separated from anterior margin of clypeus by dis-

tance equal to about two-thirds of basal width of mandible; facial

shield coarsely punctate, especially medially, punctures separated

by considerably less than their diameters; clypeus below shield

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vql. XVII. NO. 1

more finely but closely punctate; frons rather coarsely punctate,

sparsely so near ocelli; lateral ocelli separated from eye margins

by nearly ocellar diameter ; antennae d ark brown above, paler

brown beneath, under side of scape yellow, fourth segment about

as long as broad; upper margin of swollen segment of maxillary

palpi yellow. Thorax black, a small mesepisternal angle beneath

tegula, anterior lateral ridges of scutellum, posterior margins of

posterior lateral teeth of scutellum, and large transverse median

spot on metanotum yellow ; lower lateral regions of pronotum shin-

ing and impunctate, with about three longitudinal carinae, upper-

most longest, impunctate area continued above it; mesoscutum

irregularly punctured, notalices elongate, very weakly impressed;

mesepisterna coarsely and closely punctured, punctures separated

by much less than their diameters, dorsal process of mesepisterna

thin and inconspicuously differentiated from disc, sternauli deeper

posteriorly than anteriorly, rather finely and sparsely punctate

anteriorly; scutellum coarsely and irregularly punctured, slightly

depressed along- longitudinal median line, with sides diverging

slightly posteriorly, depressed anterior portion with five longi-

tudinal carinee, posterior lateral angles rather elongate and acute;

fore wings with costal margin dusky, the dusky band narrow and

inconspicuous basad to the stigma, but broad enough distad to it

to include the entire marginal cell, areolet narrowed to a point

toward costal margin, but not petiolate, the distocostal side being

conspicuously longer than any other side; stigma black; meta-

pleura shining, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, punctures

separated by about their diameters; fore and middle legs dark

brown, infuscated, apices of femora and outer sides of fore tibiee

pale yellow; hind legs black, tibiee and apices of femora dark

brown, apices of femora each with a small yellow spot on outer side ;

hind tibial spurs hardly longer than width of tibia at apex; first

four hind tarsal segments about as long as tibia; propodeum with

costulas distinct, areola with a longitudinal, median, impunctate

line, posterior end of areola rather narrowly rounded, closed,

areola broadest medially, where it gives off a carina on each side

which divides to form a small, distinct, triangular area on each

side, immediately above the strongly angular posterior lateral

angle of the propodeum; carinee bounding petiolar area on the

sides weak. Abdomen black with feeble bluish or purplish metal-

lic reflection, posterior margins of first four tergites yellow, the

band on fourth tergite broadest, occupying nearly one-third of the

tergite; posterior margin of fifth tergite narrowly and irregularly

yellowish; abdomen coarsely punctate, second tergite more sparsely

so than third and with sublateral, basal, impunctate areas; punc-

tures of third and following tergites close, finer on posterior

tergites; tergites three to six each with a weak and inconspicuous

longitudinal median ridge; first abdominal tergite, seen from

directly above, slightly broader than long, seen from side, strongly

angulate above, the dorsal carinee being strongly elevated to form

JANUARY, 1941] MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

the angle, at which point they approach one another rather closely,

behind which point they diverge slightly before converging toward

the posterior margin of the segment; longitudinal supraspiracular

carinae distinct and complete; tubercle below anterior end of

spiracle slender; second to fourth tergites slightly broader than

long (third hardly so), their posterior lateral angles not or hardly

produced posteriorly; fifth tergite broader than long (proportions

of length to breadth of abdominal segments as follows: II, 15/19;

III, 18/20; IV, 20/22; V, 18/21); pubescence of fifth and sixth

tergites fuscous.

Figure 1. Dorsal and posterior surfaces of propodeum of

Metopius quadrif asciatus Michener. Figure 2. Dorsal and poster-

ior surfaces of propodeum of Metopius uchidai Michener. In

these figures, no attempt has been made to show the lateral sur-

faces of the propodeum, which are visible to a certain extent from

a posterior dorsal point of view.

Holotype, female: Tsin Leong San, east Kwantung, China,

June 5, 1936 (J. L. Gressitt), on loan deposit in the California

Academy of Sciences.

This species differs from M. dissectorius (Panzer) by the

more elongate clypeal shield, which is more widely separated

from the anterior margin of the clypeus, and the more elongate

abdominal tergites. It differs from M. fuscipennis Wesmael by

having only an inconspicuous keel on the abdominal tergites two

to four, by the presence of a yellow band on the first tergite, and

the absence of distinct bands on the fifth and sixth tergites. From

M. baibarensis Uchida it differs in the shape of the first abdom-

inal tergite, which is slightly broader than long, by the absence

of a broad yellow band on the fifth tergite, and by the very feeble

metallic reflection on the abdomen. This species differs from

M. purpureotinctiLS (Cameron) and areolatus (Cameron) by the

presence of strong, yellow, apical fasciae on the first four, but

not on the following abdominal tergites, as well as by other

characteristics.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

Metopius (Ceratopius) vandykei Michener, new species

This species is black, with feebly metallic abdomen and con-

spicuous fasciae on the first four abdominal tergites.

Male: Length nearly 12 mm. Head black, facial shield com-

pletely margined with yellow, most broadly so laterally, sides of

face yellow to point well above antennal sockets; sides of labrum

and bases of mandibles with small yellow dots; palpi testaceous;

cheeks receding immediately behind eyes; facial shield distinctly

longer than broad, widest just above middle, upper margin feebly

convex, lower margin separated from apex of clypeus by less than

one-half basal width of mandible; facial shield coarsely punctate,

especially medially, punctures separated by much, less than their

diameters; clypeus and frons more finely punctate, punctures of

latter sparse near ocelli; lateral ocelli separated from eye margin

by less than one-half their diameters; antenna dark brown above,

lighter beneath, scape and pedicel yellow beneath, fourth segment

slightly broader than long. Thorax black, upper angles of mesepi-

sterna, lateral basal ridges of scutellum, apical teeth of scutellum,

transverse median area of metanotum, and posterior lateral angles

of propodeum (feebly) yellow; lower lateral region of pronotum

shining and impunctate, with a single complete longitudinal carina

above which the impunctate area extends a short distance;

mesoscutum coarsely and irregularly punctured, notalices com-

plete, weakly impressed, closely punctate; mesepisterna coarsely

and closely punctate, punctures separated by much less than their

diameters, sternauli deeper posteriorly than anteriorly, dorsal

mesepisternal process thin and scarcely separable from disc; meso-

scutellum more coarsely punctate than scutum, depressed along

longitudinal median line, lateral margins subparallel, although

feebly convex, basal depression with three or four somewhat

irregular longitudinal carina, posterior lateral angles robust, not

strongly produced; wings nearly clear, feebly brownish along

costal margin from stigma to apex of wings, areolet hardly petio-

late, distocostal side hardly longer than basicaudal side, stigma

black; metapleura coarsely punctate, punctures separated by less

than their diameters; fore tibia and tarsi and apices of femora

yellowish testaceous, outer sides of fore tibiae yellow, remainder

of fore legs dark brownish black; middle and hind legs black, tibiae

and tarsi dark brown, apices of femora with yellow spots, bases

of middle tibia yellow; hind tibial spurs about as long as apical

breadth of hind tibia, first four hind tarsal segments slightly

shorter than hind tibia; propodeum with costula distinct, areola

with longitudinal median, irregular, impunctate line, posterior

end of areola broadly rounded, closed; areola broadest well behind

middle, at which point it gives off a strong carina on each side,

these carina dividing to enclose a small pit on each side just above

the posterior lateral angles of the propodeum, which are elevated

JANUARY, 1941] MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

and angular. Abdomen black, third and following segments feebly

purplish, tergites one to four with apical pale yellow bands, those

of first three narrowly broken medially, that of fourth broadest,

and less than one-fourth as broad as length of segment, fifth

tergite with narrow apical yellow band, wanting in median third;

abdomen coarsely punctate, punctures of second tergite sparser

than those of third, sublateral basal area of second nearly im-

punctate; punctures of third and following tergites quite close,

feebly separated on sixth and seventh, and finer on these posterior

tergites; tergites three to six with rather distinct, longitudinal,

median ridge; fourth tergite broadest part of abdomen; first

tergite distinctly broader than long, seen from above, seen from

side angulate on dorsal surface, dorsal carinse being strongly ele-

vated to form the angle, and subparallel for a short distance

behind angle; longitudinal supraspiracuiar carinee distinct; pos-

terior lateral angles of second and third tergites slightly pro-

duced posteriorly; second and third tergites slightly broader than

long, fourth tergite more distinctly broader than long, and fifth

conspicuously so (proportions of length to breadth of abdominal

tergites: II, 16/19; III, 17/20; IV, 18/22; V, 15/21); pubescence

of abdomen partly fuscous posteriorly.

Holotype, male, No. 5060, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.: Likiochai

Forest Station, Honan, China, September 25, 1923, collected by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, after whom it gives me great pleasure to

name this species.

This species differs from M. dissectorius (Panzer) by the

clearer wings, the more extensive abdominal maculations, and

the shape of the propodeal areola, which is unusually broad and

rounded posteriorly. It differs from M. iyoensis Uchida and M.

takabayashii Uchida by the unwrinkled scutellum, from M. araka-

wai Uchida by the black basal part of the first tergite and other

features of the abdominal markings, and by the sublateral, basal,

nearly impunctate areas of the second tergite. M. vandykei may

be distinguished from M. hakiensis Matsumura and M. sappo-

rensis Uchida by the yellow scutellar teeth and the almost en-

tirely black hind femora, from the former also by the absence of

a yellow mesepisternal area, and from the latter by the longitu-

dinal, median, impunctate band on the areola.

Metopius (Ceratopius) metallicus Michener, new species

This large and elongate species is characterized by the

strongly metallic blue abdomen and the much reduced pale

maculations.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

Male: Length nearly 15 mm. Head black, facial shield broadly

margined with yellow, sides of face narrowly yellow to a point

well above antennal bases; labrum with yellowish dots laterally;

mandibles each with a small, sub-basal yellow spot; palpi yel-

lowish; cheeks receding immediately behind eyes; facial shield

about one and one-half times as long as broad, widest in upper

one-half which is parallel sided, upper margin feebly convex,

lower margin separated from apex of clypeus by a little over one-

third basal width of mandible; facial shield coarsely punctate,

especially medially, punctures separated by much less than their

widths, closest laterally; clypeus more finely punctate than labrum

or facial shield; frons slightly more finely punctate than facial

shield, impunctate adjacent to ocelli; lateral ocelli separated from

eye margin by about one-third ocellar diameter; antennae blackish

above, dark brown beneath, under side of scape yellow, fourth

antennal segment broader than long. Thorax black, tegulae a little

brownish; lower lateral parts of pronotum shining and impunc-

tate with three longitudinal carinae, the uppermost longest, im-

punctate area continued above it anteriorly; mesoscutum rather

coarsely and irregularly punctured, notalices feebly indicated by

slightly depressed and more coarsely and closely punctate lines;

mesepisterna coarsely and closely punctate, punctures separated

by considerably less than their diameters, finer in sternauli than

elsewhere, sternauli narrower and deeper posteriorly than ante-

riorly; dorsal process of mesepisterna thin and inconspicuously

dilferentiated from disc; mesoscutellum distinctly more finely

punctate than mesoscutum, feebly depressed along midline poste-

riorly, sides parallel posteriorly, slightly diverging toward the rear

in the region immediately behind the basal depression, lateral

apical angles robust, weakly produced, basal depression with four

longitudinal carinse; wings brownish, particularly dark along

costal margin from basal vein to apex, including the entire mar-

ginal cell, areolet not petiolate, but with a very short side on the

marginal cell, distocostal side longer than any other, stigma

black; metapleura irregularly rather finely punctate, shining,

punctures not close; fore legs dark brown, tarsi, anterior sides of

tibias, and apices of femora pale yellow; middle legs black, tibiae

and tarsi dark brown, apices of femora pale yellow; hind legs

black, with minute transverse yellowish line at apices of femora;

hind tibial spurs but little longer than apical width of tibiae ; first

four hind tarsal segments slightly shorter than hind tibiae; propo-

deum with costulae distinct, areola without distinct longitudinal

median line, posterior end rather narrowly rounded, closed;

areola broadest behind the middle, but nearly parallel sided in

front of this broadest point, giving olf, behind the middle on each

side, a carina which divides to enclose a triangular space just above

the strongly angular posterior lateral protuberances of the pro-

podeum. Abdomen strongly metallic purplish blue beyond the first

tergite, which is black; tergites two to four with posterior lateral

JANUARY, 1941] MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

angles yellow, and with inconspicuous, narrow, brown, apical

bands between these yellow areas; abdomen coarsely punctate,

more finely so posteriorly, punctures close on first tergite, fairly

close on others; tergites two to seven with a longitudinal median

dorsal carina; first tergite about as broad as long seen from

directly above, seen from side angulate on upper side as a result

of elevation of dorsal carinse to form angles, carinse converging

rather strongly and evenly from these angles to the posterior

margin of the tergite, longitudinal supraspiracular carinse dis-

tinct and complete; second and third tergites feebly produced

posteriorly at the sides, second about as long as broad, third and

fourth slightly longer than broad, fifth broader than long, sixth

and seventh distinctly broader than long (Proportions of length

to breadth of abdominal tergites: II, 19/20; III, 22/21; IV, 22/21;

V, 19/23. These segments appear to the eye considerably more

elongate than these measurements indicate.) ; pubescence of ter-

gites four to seven partly fuscous.

Holotype, male: Yin Na San, east Kwantung, south China,

June 15, 1936 (J. L. Gressitt), on loan deposit in the California

Academy of Sciences.

This form differs from other species of the subgenus by the

elongated abdominal segments. It differs further from M. dis-

sectorius (Panzer) by the much longer facial shield, and from

M. maruyamensis Uchida by the reduced maculations of the

abdominal segments.

Metopius (Ceratopius) gressitti Michener, new species

This is a dark species, with the posterior lateral angles of the

first five abdominal tergites yellow.

Male: Length about 11 mm. Head black, facial shield yellow

with a large, longitudinally elongate, median brownish black area;

sides of face, to point well above antennal sockets, yellow; labrum

and lower part of clypeus brownish; mandibles with yellow area

sub-basally; palpi yellowish; cheeks receding immediately behind

eyes; facial shield longer than broad, widest a little above middle,

upper margin feebly convex, lower margin separated from anterior

margin of clypeus by distance equal to about two-thirds of basal

mandibular width; facial shield rather coarsely punctate medially,

punctures separated by less than their diameters; lower clypeus

and frons a little more finely punctate than facial shield, frons

sparsely punctate in region of ocelli; lateral ocelli separated from

eye margins by a little less than ocellar diameter; antennae dark

above, lighter below, under side of scape and pedicel yellow; fourth

antennal segment a little broader than long. Thorax black, brown-

ish laterally, upper angle of mesepistema beneath tegulae and an-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII. NO. 1

terior lateral ridges of scutellum with small yellow areas; lower

lateral region of pronotum shining and impunctate with about

three longitudinal carinse, uppermost longest, impunctate area

continued above it; mesoscutum rather coarsely, irregularly punc-

tured, notalices hardly evident; mesepisterna coarsely and closely

punctured, punctures separated by much less than their diameters,

dorsal process thin and inconspicuously differentiated from disc,

sternauli as deep posteriorly as anteriorly; scutellum more

coarsely and irregularly punctured than scutum, slightly depressed

along longitudinal median line, lateral margins about parallel,

posterior lateral angles robust and but slightly produced, basal

depression with seven longitudinal carinse; wings nearly clear

except for a small, somewhat dusky area on costal margin of apex

of wing, occupying apical half of marginal cell and adjacent por-

tions of wings; areolet small and long petiolate, distocostal side

longer than any other; stigma black; metapleura coarsely punc-

tate, punctures separated by somewhat less than their diameters;

fore legs dark brown, apices of femora and outer sides of tibise

yellow, rest of tibise and tarsi testaceous; middle and hind legs

dark brown, coxae infuscated, middle trochanters partly yellow,

and apices of middle femora and bases of middle tibise yellow;

hind tibial spurs but little longer than apical width of hind tibise;

first four hind tarsal segments slightly shorter than hind tibise;

propodeum with costulse distinct, areola broadest in anterior half,

which is about parallel sided, giving off a strong carina on each

side behind midlie, these carinse not dividing to enclose triangular

spaces because of the reduction of their posterior rami; posterior

lateral angles of propodeum elevated and angular, lateral carinse

of petiolar area weak. Abdomen black, almost without metallic

reflection, tergites one to four with posterior lateral angles yellow,

a brownish apical area uniting yellow areas on first tergite, fifth

tergite with posterior margin, at the sides, narrowly yellow; ab-

domen coarsely punctate, second tergite more sparsely so than

third, third and following tergites with punctures approximate

and finer on posterior tergites; tergites two to six, especially four,

with inconspicuous longitudinal median ridge; tergites all a little

broader than long, fourth broadest (proportions of length to

breadth of abdominal tergites: II, 15/19; III, 17/21; IV, 18/21;

V, 16/21) ; first tergite, seen from side, angulate on upper sur-

face, dorsal carinse being strongly elevated to form angle, and

subparallel for a short distance behind angle; longitudinal supra-

spiracular carinse distinct and complete; posterior lateral angles

of second and third tergites weakly produced posteriorly; pubes-

cence of posterior tergites fuscous.

Holotype, male: Wong Sa Shui, south Kiangsi, south China,

July 9, 1936, collected by my friend, Mr. J. Linsley Gressitt, in

JANUARY, 1941 ]

MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

honor of whom this species is named. It is now on loan deposit

in the California Academy of Sciences.

This species differs from M. dissectorius (Panzer) and M.

baibarensis Uchida by the absence of a strong blue reflection on

the abdomen, which is broadest at the fourth instead of the fifth

segment. It differs from the former also by the more elongate

facial shield, and from the latter, as well as from M. fuscipen-

nis Wesmael in the absence of complete abdominal fasciae, and

from fuscipennis at least in the shape of the first abdominal

tergite, which is broader than long, and in the closely punctured

mesepisterna.

Metopius (Ceratopius) rufus browni (Ashmead)

Metopius browni Ashmead, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 29:117.

Metopius kakogawanus Matsumura, 1912, Thous. Ins. Japan,

suppl., 4:100, pi. 47, f.18.

Metopius rufus Sonan, 1925, Taiwan Nojiho, 219, p. 13.

Metopius ( Ceratopius ) formosanus Clemont, 1929, Konowia,

8:410.

Metopius (Ceratopius) rufus Uchida, 1930, Jour. Fac. Agr.

Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 25:248.

Metopius rufus f. kakogawanus Uchida, 1932, Jour. Fac. Agr.

Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 33:208,222.

Metopius rufus Cameron, with its subspecies browni, has an

extensive distribution, from India to the Philippine Islands, and

far north into China and Japan. Certain specimens included in

the following list of localities are from regions outside of the

distributional scope of this paper.

One female, Mei-hsien, east Kwantung, south China, July 19,

1936 (J. L. Gressitt) ; one female, Nanking, China, June 3, 1923

(E. C. Van Dyke) ; one female and two males, Tokyo, Japan,

April 15, 1930, and June 2 and 3, 1931 (J. L. Gressitt). Previ-

ously reported from Hongkong.

The males here recorded from Tokyo agree well with Ash-

mead’s description of browni, as well as with Uchida’s notes on

the male of rufus. The similarity of the descriptions of browni

and pulchripes Cameron suggests that the male of the typical

Indian rufus may be pulchripes.

Metopius (Ceratopius) uchidai Michener, new species

This is a strongly maculated, non-metallic form, with con-

spicuous yellow bands on the first four abdominal tergites, in

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

contrast to the almost entirely black apical portion of the

abdomen.

Male: Length 13 mm. Head with face yellow, except for a small

infuscated area on each side below facial shield, the yellow ex-

tending up on sides of face nearly to level of ocelli; labrum, large

area on mandibles, palpi, and scape and pedicel except dorsal side

yellow; cheeks feebly bulging behind eyes; facial shield longer

than broad, widest above middle, upper margin convex because of

a median angle, on each side of which the margin is nearly

straight, lower margin separated from anterior margin of clypeus

by distance equal to over two-thirds of basal width of mandible;

facial shield rather finely punctate, punctures separated by a little

more than their diameters except on the closely punctate median

area; clypeus below shield fully as coarsely punctate as shield;

f rons very finely punctate, with fine transverse striae ; lateral ocelli

separated from eye margin by a little more than ocellar diameter;

antennas black above, flagellum brown beneath, fourth segment of

antennae broader than long. Thorax black, with broad, elongate

areas on posterior margin of pronotum adjacent to mesoscutum,

anterior lateral areas and posterior half of scutellum, large me-

dian area of metanotum, longitudinal area beneath tegulas and

larger vertical area beneath it, and small spots on posterior lateral

angles of propodeum bright yellow; lower lateral portions of pro-

notum shining and impunctate with four or five longitudinal

carinse, the upper ones reduced posteriorly, impunctate area not

extending above uppermost carina; mesoscutum irregularly punc-

tured; mesepisterna coarsely punctured, intervals between punc-

tures less than their diameters, punctures of sternauli, which are

shallower posteriorly than anteriorly, fine; dorsal mesepisternal

process thickened and rounded; mesoscutellum closely punctured,

more finely so than some parts of mesoscutum, lateral margins

diverging posteriorly, lateral apical angles strongly produced into

long points, basal depression with four longitudinal carinse; wings

brownish, with darker area occupying apical part of marginal cell

and most of last (open) submarginal, areolet elongate, large, not

or very briefly petiolate, distocostal margin but little longer than

basocaudal margin, stigma light brown; metapleura coarsely and

rather closely punctate; fore and middle legs yellow except for

large brown areas on inner side of femora; hind coxse black,

trochanters yellow maculated with brown, femora black with yel-

low spot on either side at base and apex, tibise and tarsi dark

brown, hind tibial spurs considerably longer than greatest width

of tibia, first four hind tarsal segments about as long as hind

tibise ; propodeum with areola large, with longitudinal median

carina, posterior end open; areola broadest in front of the middle,

sides arcuate, giving off near middle, on each side, a carina which

JANUARY, 1941] MICHENER— CHINESE METOPIUS

soon disappears; regions laterad to areola with large, smooth, and

polished area basally; posterior lateral angles of propodeum

rounded. Abdomen black, not metallic, tergites one to four with

broad apical yellow bands, those of tergites one to three broadest

laterally, that of second tergite narrowest, middorsally occupying

about one-fourth of the tergite, that of fourth broadest, occupying

more than one-half of the tergite; posterior margins of tergites

five, six, and seven very narrowly yellowish at sides; punctures of

abdomen coarse, becoming finer posteriorly, close except on sixth

and seventh tergites, where they are somewhat separated; ter-

gites three and four with feeble longitudinal, middorsal ridge ;

first tergite longer than broad, upper surface rounded as seen in

profile, dorsal carinse weakened posteriorly, subparallel in poste-

rior median region, elsewhere converging toward the rear; supra-

spiracular carinae absent; second tergite slightly broader than

long, third to fifth about as broad as long, second and third pro-

duced slightly posteriorly at sides; sixth tergite somewhat broader

than long, seventh broader than long (proportions of length to

breadth of abdominal tergites: II, 17/20; III, 21/21; IV, 21/23;

V, 20/21).

Holotype, male: Nodoa, Hainan Island, China, June 19, 1935

(J. L. Gressitt), on loan deposit in the California Academy of

Sciences.

A female, no doubt of the same species, is from Yim Na San,

east Kwantung, south China, June 13, 1936 (J. L. Gressitt). It

differs from the male, in addition to the usual sexual character-

istics, thus:

Clypeus below facial shield, labrum, and mandibles dark red-

dish brown, the clypeus infuscated ; dorsal posterior mark on

pronotum reddish; fore and middle legs with femora except apices,

inner sides of tibiae, and parts of tarsi light reddish brown; hind

legs with femora reddish brown, outer sides with black median

area, yellow apical area, and minute yellow basal area; wings

with apical dusky spot more conspicuous; abdominal tergites five

and six with very narrow posterior margins reddish brown,

tergite seven mostly reddish brown.

This species is possibly related to M. kakiensis Matsumura,

from which it differs in the broad apical yellow band on the

scutellum, the complete yellow bands on the first three abdom-

inal tergites, and the apically dusky wings.

I take pleasure in naming this striking species for Dr. Toichi

Uchida, in recognition of his extensive work on Oriental Ichneu-

monidas.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF STRATIOMYID/E FROM

PALEARCTIC ASIA

(Diptera)

BY MAURICE T. JAMES

Colorado State College, Ft. Collins

The Stratiomyidae of Palearctic Asia have been studied during

recent years by Matsumura, Pleske, Lindner, and others, but it is

to Lindner that we are indebted for the comprehensive treatment

of this family in his contribution to Die Fliegen der Palcearkti-

schen Region. However, it is evident that much is yet to he

known of the Asiatic fauna. In this paper, I am describing sev-

eral new species and giving some new records which will extend

our knowledge of these flies. The specimens collected by Thomp-

son, Van Dyke, and Wright are in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences unless otherwise noted.

Subfamily Beridin^:

Hoplacantha japonica James, new species

Female. Head black, dull on face, strongly bright-purplish

metallic on front; antennae brown; proboscis bright yellow; palpi

brown. Ratio of first and second antennal segments and flagellum

10:4:14; of face in middle, front above antenna, and vertex

through paired ocelli 7:8:18 (same units as antenna) ; front grad-

ually widening posteriorly. Eyes with dense but short brownish-

black pile; face, front, and vertex with dense brownish-black pile

which is as long as the first antennal segment; pile of occiput

concolorous, but shorter. Thorax, including pleura, scutellum, and

bases of scutellar spines, bright emerald green; scutellar spines

yellow at apex; pile mostly moderately long, whitish yellow, but

the dorsum with some pile similar in color and length to that of

face and front. Coxa black, trochanters brown, legs otherwise

yellow, except that the terminal segments of front and middle

tarsi and knees and tibia of hind legs are somewhat darkened,

and hind basitarsi are white (other segments of hind tarsi missing

in type). Wings hyaline; veins yellow at base, otherwise brown;

stigma brown. Halter es lemon-yellow. Abdomen brownish-black,

semi-metallic, luster coppery except at apex, where it becomes

purplish; genital lamella yellow. Pile short, black, dense; that of

sides and venter pale yellow, long at base, becoming somewhat

shorter apically. Length, 6.5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 5121, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Kago-

shima, Japan, March, 1912 (J. C. Thompson).

JANUARY, 1941]

JAMES— ASIATIC STRATI0MYIDA3

Related to compta Enderlein (Sikkim, India) and flavicornis

James (Formosa) ; the wholly dark coxae, however, will readily

distinguish it. The abundant bushy pile of the head will further

distinguish it from flavicornis and the coloration of the legs from

com pta.

Hoplacantha solox Enderlein

Female, Kagoshima, Japan, March, 1912 (J. C. Thompson).

The types are from Sapporo.

Allognosta sinensis Pleske

Female, Nikko, Japan (Koebele). The types are from

Szechuan Province, China.

Subfamily Geosargin^e

Geosargus jankowskii Pleske

Two females, Weisohn, Manchuria, August 30, 1923 (E. C.

(Van Dyke) ; one female, Soochow, China, May 27, 1923 (Van

(Van Dyke) .

Geosargus splendens Meig.

One male, Kobe, Japan.

Geosargus mandarinus Schin.

Two males, one female, Nanking, China, April 21-30, 1923

(Van Dyke) ; one female, Soochow, China, May 27, 1923 (Van

Dyke) .

Geosargus metallinus Fabr.

Female, Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov., Manchuria, August

1-15, 1939 (M. I. Nikitin). This species is reported as very

common in India and the East Indies, but has not previously been

recorded from the Palearctic Region. My specimen seems to dif-

fer in no way from Indian specimens.

Geosargus vandykei James, new species

Female. Front narrow, at its narowest point, somewhat less

than the width of the third antennal segment, metallic green;

vertex becoming purplish; face sub-shining black; callus above

antennae yellow, undivided. Proboscis dirty yellow. Antennae black

on first two segments, otherwise brownish-yellow, the arista be-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

coming darker apically. Pile black on front and basal antennal

segments, otherwise yellowish, that on face rather dense. Occiput

with a prominent fringe of yellowish pile. Thorax, including

pleura and scutellum, purplish, the pleura in part with a reddish

cast; metanotum emerald-green; pile fairly dense, especially be-

hind and below, pale yellowish, almost whitish. Coxec, trochanters

and femora deep black; front and middle tibise and tarsi brownish-

yellow, the middle tibise darker; hind tibise and tarsi brownish-

black, the tibise with an indistinct median pale ring. Wings almost

uniformly brown, somewhat paler on posterior margin. Halteres

brownish-yellow. Abdomen metallic purplish at base, otherwise

bronze or coppery, the purple being more extensive ventrally; pile

abundant and conspicuous, especially when viewed from behind,

mostly grayish- white, but black on areas in the form of cross-

bands just behind middle of segments (more extensive ventrally

than dor sally) and at apex. Genital lamellae blackish. Length,

17 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 5122 Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Tung Ko

Forest Sta., Kiangsu province, China, June 12, 1923 (E. C. Van

Dyke ) .

Close to the European iridatus Scop., to which it runs in

couplet 13 of Lindner’s key ( Die Fliegen, p. 38-9) ; iridatus ,

however, is smaller and has the callus over the antennae divided

into two white spots, the wings less strongly infumated, the

legs more extensively black, etc.

Chloromyia melampogon Zeller

Male, Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov., Manchuria, August 1-15,

1939 (M. I. Nikitin).

Microchrysa laodunensis Pleske

Male, Shanghai, China, August 3, 1926 (Mrs. Dora E.

Wright) ; female, Mokansan, Che Kiang Prov., China, August

28, 1927 (Mrs. Wright).

Ptecticus tenebrifer Walk.

Numerous records from Japan and China.

Ptecticus aurifer Walk.

Male, female, Nikko, Japan, July 30 and August 4, 1923

(Van Dyke) ; four females, Yen Ping, China, June 30 to August

13, 1917.

JANUARY, 1941] JAMES— ASIATIC STRATIOMYIDJE

Subfamily Stratiomyin.®

Stratiomys anubis Wied.

Eight females, four males, Nanking, China, April 21 to

June 11, 1923 (E. C. Van Dyke).

Stratiomys ruficornis pyrrhocera Lw.

Two males, two females, Mt. Ellurs, Nissa, Iran (Brandt) .

Stratiomys lindneri James, new species

Female. Head black, except for the following yellow areas; pos-

terior part of vertex and area behind it extending to the neck; a

pair of spots above the antennse, almost contiguous with each other

and with eyes, and about half as high as front; and facial orbits

extending almost from frontal spots to cheeks, and widening below.

Pile of front and vertex variable, yellow to black, sparse; pile of

head otherwise yellow, that on face and cheeks dense. Antennse

black; ratio of two basal segments and flagellum 50 :10:65. Vertex

flattened; front and vertex rugose; occipital orbits narrow, densely

yellowish to whitish pollinose near eyes. Thorax black; scutellar

spines and narrow apex between them yellow; pile dense, yellow,

that on dorsum appressed or nearly so. Metanotal pile yellow.

Legs black, knees, bases of tibise, and tarsi yellow, tarsi more or

less darkened on apical segments. Wings brownish-yellow, paler

apically and posteriorly. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, marked

with yellow; second segment with large lateral triangular mark-

ings which attain base of segment; third and fourth with linear

rectangles, the pattern of which is variable, those on segment

three sometimes being similar to those of two, and contiguous with

them, those of four in the holotype expanded into a complete poste-

rior band; fifth segment with a large median spot; lateral margins

of dorsum and venter, and posterior margins of ventral segments,

more or less expanded medially, yellow. Pile short, yellow, some

black on black dorsal areas, short, somewhat longer at base and

sides of dorsum and middle of venter. Length, 15-18 mm.

Male. Similar; head entirely black; pile of frontal triangle

and of narrow strip between eyes black; eyes with scattered but

fairly long black pile. Pile of thorax and abdomen much longer,

that of middle of ventral segments especially long and dense.

Holotype, female, No. 25444, Mus. Comp. Zool., Takayama,

Japan, August 22, 1931 (Gressitt). Allotype, male No.

25444, Mus. Comp. Zool., same data. Paratypes, female,

Takayama, Japan, August 12, 1931 (Gressitt) ; male, Takayama,

Japan, August, 1932; male, female, Kobe, Japan; female,

Sumiyushi, June, 1909; two females, Kyoto, Japan, July 16,

1923 (E. C. Van Dyke).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vqL. XVII. NO. 1

Close to the European S. furcata; but in that species the

yellow facial orbits are lacking, the spots above the antennae

are much smaller, the scutellum is extensively yellow, the meso-

notum has considerable erect pile, the body pile is whitish,

and the average size is apparently smaller. Dr. Lindner had

seen one female which he considered a distinct subspecies of

furcata ( Die Fliegen, Strati omyidas, p. 61) but did not name.

I believe this form is worthy of specific rank.

Stratiomys hispanica planes James, new subspecies

Male. Eyes bare. Antennae black; apex of second segment

brownish-yellow; ratio of two basal segments and flagellum 20:

6:28. Face, except median line, angle of oral margin, and a spot

below lower angle of each eye, yellow; lower occipital orbits

broadened, yellow; head otherwise black. Pile of face dense,

silvery. Thorax black, pile dense, mostly appressed, silvery. Meta-

notal pile silvery. Scutellum and spines yellow; a large black

triangular spot at base. Coxae, trochanters, and femora, except

apices, black; tibiae yellow, each with a median black ring, most

noticeable on hind pair; tarsi yellow. Wings very lightly infu-

mated, veins yellow. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen black, with

prominent paired yellow spots on segments two to four, and a

median unpaired one on segment five; those on segment two border

broadly on the lateral margin, and reach the base of the segment,

where they continue laterally half-way to base of first segment;

those on segment three touch lateral margin only posteriorly, but

are large, almost semicircular, and reach the basal fourth or fifth

of the segment; those on four are similar, reach the basal third of

the segment, and sometimes broadly join each other to form a

continuous transverse band; that on five reaches the basal third of

the segment. Venter yellow; first segment with a basal black

marking on each side or a transverse basal band; third, fourth,

and fifth each with a transverse black or brown basal band.

Length, 8-10 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5123, Calif. Acad Sci., Ent., Curum,

100 km. Bouchir, Iran. (Brandt). Paratopotypes, six males, same

data.

Distinguished from typical hispanica chiefly by the smaller

size and the abdominal markings, and from h. cypria Pleske

by the abdominal markings and the bare eyes.

Stratiomys annectens James, new species

Female. Head in large part yellow; occiput, except orbits,

vertex, upper three-fifths of front, an area at base of antennae and

extending over median third of face to oral margin, oral margin,

and an area between lower corner of each eye and oral margin,

JANUARY, 1941] JAMES— ASIATIC STRATIOMYIDjE

black. Pile of face and front scattered; yellow. Occipital orbits

of approximately equal width throughout. Antennae black; ratio

of basal two segments and flagellum 18:6:35. Eyes bare. Thorax

black; pile rather dense, appressed, yellow; metapleural pile yel-

low. Scutellum yellow, black on basal fourth; spines yellow. Coxae,

trochanters, and femora, except apically, black; tibiae yellow, the

hind pair with an indistinct brownish ring; tarsi apparently yellow,

front and middle ones, however, damaged in type. Wings hyaline;

veins yellow. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, marked with yel-

low; second segment with a pair of lateral triangles which extend

about three-fifths distance to base; third and fourth segments

with almost linear markings at posterior angles; fifth segment

with posterior margin and a small median triangle yellow. Venter

black, posterior margins of segments yellow, that of second

broadest and reaching base of segment medially. Length, 10 mm.

Holotype, female. Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov., Manchuria,

August 1-15, 1939 (M. I. Nikitin) ; author’s collection.

Related to the Asiatic prezwalskii Pleske; also to the Nearctic

currani James and laticeps Lw., particularly the former. The

black vertex and adjoining sclerite of the occiput will readily

separate it from all three of these species. In Lindner’s key it

traces to potamida or prezwalskii , but does not fit either alter-

native.

Hoplodonta viridula Fabr.

Numerous males and females, Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov.,

Manchuria, August 1-15, 1939 (M. I. Nikitin).

Odontomyia staurophora Schiner.

Female, Hangchow, China, May 12, 1923 (E. C. Van Dyke) ;

male, Nanking, China, June 20, 1923 (Van Dyke).

Male (apparently undescribed). Head black, except oral mar-

gin and a line extending from upper oral angle to antennal bases,

which are yellow; antennas yellow. Pile of face whitish, longer

and denser than in female. Thorax black except following yellow

regions: humeri; supra alar calli and small areas just anterior to

them, extending about half-way to suture; scutellum, except very

narrow base, and scutellar spines; a broad area on pleura, extend-

ing from propleura over upper part of mesopleura to ptero- and

metapleura; and a somewhat isolated spot on upper part of sterno-

pleura. Thorax rather thickly clothed with whitish pile and

golden (on dorsum) to silvery (on pectus) tomentum. Femora and

hind tibias blackish or brownish-black, except at narrow bases and

apices; tarsi somewhat darkened apically; legs otherwise yellow.

Abdomen as in female (cf. Lindner, Die Fliegen, Stratiomyidae,

PI. IV, fig. 48).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

The resemblance of the female to the Nearctic 0. cincta is

striking, but the male, if I have correctly interpreted it, dispels

any doubt as to their distinctness. The female of cincta has

different patterns on the third and fourth abdominal segments,

and the thorax is more hairy.

Odontomyia atrodorsalis James, new species

Female. Head black except following 1 yellow areas: two spots

on front, along midfrontal suture, immediately anterior to un-

paired ocellus; a considerable area, half width of face, below

antennas; and an area on each occipital orbit, below middle of

eyes; limits of these areas not well defined. Antennae, proboscis,

and palpi black. First antennal segment somewhat longer than

second; flagellum missing. Face rather broad, carinate. Head

with rather dense white to yellow appressed pile; some erect pile

on cheeks. Thorax black; scutellum narrowly yellow only at tip,

the color extending some distance outside spines, however; spines

yellow. Thorax densely yellow tomentose dorsally, pleura and

pectus with abundant white pile, mostly appressed. Legs beyond

trochanters yellow; femora more or less darkened on inner sur-

face; last three or four tarsal segments blackish. Wings hyaline;

strong veins brown; vein R< absent; Mi long, but weak except at

base; M 2 comparatively strong; M 3 developed only at base. Hal-

teres yellow. Abdomen black above except narrow lateral and apical

margin; venter yellow. Length, 7 mm.

Holotype, female, Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov., Manchuria,

August 1-15, 1939 (M. I. Nikitin) ; author’s collection. Para-

type, female, same data but July 1-19, 1939.

0. tigrina is the only other palearctic species with a wholly

black abdomen; but in that species, the face is rounded, R 4 is

present, the coloration of the legs and venter is different, etc.

The closest relatives are such species as 0. microleon of Europe

and 0. hoodiana, 0. pubescens, etc., of North America.

Subfamily Clitellariin;e

Nemotelus argentifer Lw.

Three females, one male, Curum, 100 km. Bouchir, Iran

(Brandt).

Ephippium bergeri Pleske

Male, Yalhenya, Pin-Chang Prov., Manchuria, August 1-15,

1939. (M. I. Nikitin.)

JANUARY, 1941]

JAMES— ASIATIC S TRATIOM YIDA2

Ephippium obtusum James, new species

Male. Head, including antennee, entirely black; proboscis

brownish-black. Eyes densely black-pilose. Occiptal orbits with

silvery tomentum; proboscis white haired; head otherwise wholly

black pilose, pile especially dense on face and cheeks. Ratio of

first and second antennal segments, flagellum (excluding style)

and style 8:5:16:8; style thick, blunt at apex, with short, black

pile; segments of flagellum and style indistinctly separated.

Thorax, including legs and scutellum, entirely deep black; yellow

tomentose on dorsum, whitish on pectus; pile mostly black, rather

short, moderately abundant; lateral spines short, somewhat longer

than first antennal segment; scutellum slightly directed upward,

spines on a level with scutellum, divergent, sharp, not club-like,

about as long as first two antennal segments combined. Tarsi and

apices of tibias, especially front and hind ones, densely yellow-

pilose, so that in certain lights these members may appear yellow

to the naked eye. Halteres yellow. Wings black, deepest along

anterior margin; veins black; union of discal and fifth posterior

cells almost punctiform. Abdomen black, broader than thorax,

as broad as long; short black pilose on basal three and one-half

dorsal and on first ventral segments, otherwise whitish-pilose,

silvery at apex dor sally. Length, 12 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5124, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Kobe,

Japan, May, 1909.

E. stylatum Brunetti, from Kangra Valley, India, is also a

black species with a thick, blunt style; but it is smaller, the wings

are gray, the knees yellow, etc. The other known species of

Ephippium all have acute, slender, arista-like styles.

Subfamily Pachygastrin^e

Evaza japonic a Lindner

Male (undescribed). Frontal triangle, except spot at apex,

silvery pollinose. Thorax with longer pile than in female. Scutel-

lum, except spines, almost wholly black, only a trace of yellow at

apex. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with considerable black, as well

as pale, pile above. Otherwise agrees with Lindner’s description

of female.

One specimen, Mt. Ishizuchi, Shikoku Al., Japan, July 14,

1933.

Discussion

The eastern Asiatic materal treated in this paper shows an

interesting blending of European, American, and Oriental ele-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVII. NO. 1

merits. The Oriental elements include Hoplacantha japonica,

Hoplacantha solox, Geosargus metallinus, Ptecticus tenebrifer,

Ptecticus aurifer, Ephippium bergeri, Ephippium obtusum, and

Evaza japonica. All these either occur or have close relatives in

the Oriental region. As to the genera, Hoplacantha is neither

European nor Nearctic (Neotropical, however) ; Ptecticus is not

European and the two species listed here are subgenerically dis-

tinct from the American species; Ephippium has one European

and no American representatives.

The European elements, that is, species either occurring in

Europe or having close relatives there, include Geosargus splen-

dens, Geosargus vandykei, Chloromyia melampogon, Stratiomys

anubis, Stratiomys lindneri, and Odontomyia viridula. To the

great Holarctic fauna, with close relatives both in Europe and

Nearctic America, belong Allognosta sinensis, Geosargus manda-

rinus, Microchrysa laodunensis, Odontomyia atrodorsalis, Odonto-

myia staurophora, and Stratiomys annectens. The last two spe-

cies are of special interest because they form connecting links

between European and even more closely related Nearctic species.

Additional Records of the Cockroach, Supella supellec-

tilium (Serv.), in California

The recent note by Rehn (Ent. News, 1940, 51 :222) recording

the presence of Supella sup ellectilium (Serv.) in California (San

Bernardino) for the first time prompts the writer to offer this

additional note. Recently (Nov. 4, 1940) specimens of this

cockroach (one male, one nymph) were collected in Owens

Valley by Dr. Harvey W. Crook, Inyo County Health Officer.

Dr. Crook stated that the cockroaches were causing trouble in a

house, where they were found in the kitchen, around the sink,

in cupboards, in cracks, etc.; the oothecas were found on cur-

tains, in corners and other convenient places.

Through Dr. B. C. Mclvor, another record is available from

Alameda, California; the specimens were obtained in the fall of

1937.

For additional information concerning this cockroach, the

reader is referred to the papers of Back (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,

1937, 39:205) and Gould & Deay (Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp.

Sta. Bui. No. 451, 1940). — Thomas H. G. Aitken.

JANUARY, 1941] SMITH— ANTS OF WASHINGTON

A LIST OF THE ANTS OF WASHINGTON STATE

( Hymenoptera, Formicidee)

BY FALCONER SMITH

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Seventy-nine species, subspecies, and varieties of ants are

included in the following list. Of these, two, Formica moki

subsp. xerophila M. R. Smith and Leptothorax diver si pilosis

M. R. Smith, are new and recently described species. Those thirteen

forms indicated by an asterisk are reported for the first time

from Washington.

The geographic range of the ants has been indicated by let-

ters in brackets after each specific name. Thus [E] refers to

eastern Washington; [W] to western Washington; and [EW] to

both regions. Initials have been substituted for most of the col-

lectors’ names, and these have been placed after the name of the

locality as follows: (TK), Professor Trevor Kincaid; (Wheel),

Professor W. M. Wheeler; (Mann), W. M. Mann; (FS), Fal-

coner Smith.

Free use has been made of several important papers on the

Washington formicifauna* and reference to these is necessary

for information on the biology of the ants.

The writer acknowledges his appreciation to M. R. Smith for

his determination and verification of many of the forms; and to

Professor Trevor Kincaid for his valuable guidance and kind

permission to use his extensive ant collection.

Subfamily Ponerin^e

1. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. oregonense Wheeler. [W]

Seattle (FS) ; Bothell, Olympia (TK).

Subfamily Myrmicin^e

2. Monomorium pharaonis L. [W] Seattle (TK).

3. Solenopsis geminata Fabr. “California to British Colum-

bia” (Barret).

4. Solenopsis molesta Say. [EW] Pullman, Wawawai (Mann) ;

Olympia, Tenino [TK] ; Tacoma, Dry Falls, Vantage, Soap

Lake (FS).

*Mann, W. M. 1911. On some Western Ants and their Guests. Psyche,

8:493-514.

Wheeler, W. M. 1910. North American Ants of the Genus Camponotus.

Ann. Acad. Sci., N. Y., 20 :295-354. — 1913. Ants of the Genus Formica. Bull.

Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 53:390-565.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVII. NO. 1

5. Solenopsis molesta var. validiuscula Emery. [E] Wawawai

(Mann) .

6. Pheidole calif ornica subsp. oregonica Emery. [E] Almota,

Pullman, Wawawai (Mann) ; Corfu, Vantage, Grand Cou-

lee, White Bluffs, Dry Falls (FS) .

7. Stenamma brevicorne subsp. [W] Bay Center (TK) ; San

Juan Is. (FS) .

8. Stenamma brevicorne subsp. diecki Emery.* [W] Bay Cen-

ter (TK).

9. Stenamma nearcticum Mayr. [W] San Juan Is. (FS).

10. Aphcenogaster subterranea subsp. occidentalis Emery. [EW]

Almota (A. L. Melander) ; Pullman, Wawawai (Mann) ;

Olympia (TK) ; Fort Lewis, San Juan Is., Cle Elum (FS).

11. Aphcenogaster subterranea subsp. valida var. manni Wheeler.

[E] Pullman (Mann).

12. Aphcenogaster subterranea subsp. borealis Wheeler.* [W]

Olympia (TK) ; San Juan Is. (FS).

13. Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cress. [E] Wawawai (Mann) ;

Spokane (TK) ; Dead Man’s Lake (Adams County), Moses

Lake, Stratford, Toppenish, Vantage (FS).

14. Myrmica mutica Emery. [EW] Ellensburg, Pullman (Mann) ;

Olympia, Nisqually River (TK) ; Stuck River (FS).

15. Myrmica rubra subsp. brevinodis Emery.* [W] Chase Lake

(King County) (FS) ; Chinook, Bay Center, Naselle River

(TK).

16. Myrmica rubra subsp. brevinodis var. sulcinodoides Emery.*

[W] Naselle River, Bay Center (TK) ; Nisqually River, San

Juan Is., Stuck River (FS).

17. Myrmica rubra subsp. brevinodis var. subalpina Wheeler.

[W] Orcas Island (Mann).

18. Myrmica scabrinodis var. sabuleti Meinert. [W] San Juan Is.

(Mann) .

19. Leptothorax acervorum subsp. canadensis Prov.* [W] Bay

Center, Olympia (TK) ; Seattle, Garland Hot Springs (FS).

20. Leptothorax acervorum subsp. canadensis var. yankee Emery.

[W] Seattle, San Juan Is. (FS).

21. Leptothorax curvispinosus subsp. rugatulus Emery.* [EW]

Seattle (TK) ; Fort Lewis, Leavenworth, Cle Elum, San

Juan Is., Dryden (FS).

22. Leptothorax nitens subsp. occidentalis Wheeler. [W] Friday

Harbor (TK), (FS).

JANUARY, 1941] SMITH— ANTS OF WASHINGTON

23. Leptothorax melanderi Wheeler. [E] Pullman (Mann).

24. Leptothorax eldoradensis Wheeler.* [EW] Cle Elum (FS) ;

Rosario (TK).

25. Leptothorax diversi pilosis M. R. Smith.* [W] Fort Lewis

(FS).

Subfamily Dolichoderin^e

26. Tapinoma sessile Say. [EW] Pullman, Ellensburg, Orcas

Island (Mann) ; Almota (A. L. Melander) ; Rock Lake

(Wheeler) ; Cle Elum, San Juan Is., Seattle, Olympia, Mt.

Angeles, Sequim, Grand Coulee (FS).

27. Iridomyrmex analis Andre. [E] Wawawai (Mann).

Subfamily Formicin^e

28. Brachymyrmex heeri subsp. depilis Emery.* [E] Grand

Coulee (FS).

29. Lasius niger var. neoniger Emery. [EW] Union City (J.C.

Bradley) ; Pullman (Mann) ; Bay Center, Chinook, Nelli-

cota (TK) ; San Juan Is., Seaview, Skating Lake (FS).

30. Lasius niger var. americanus Emery. [EW] Orcas Island

(Mann); San Juan Is., Seattle, Soap Lake (FS).

31. Lasius niger var. sitkaensis Perg. [EW] Pullman (Mann) ;

Olympia, Bay Center (TK) ; Seattle, Bluitt Pass, Bothell,

Fort Lewis, Mt. Rainier, Mt. Pilchuck, Neah Bay, San Juan

Is., Seabeck, Stillaquamish River, Puyallup (FS).

32. Lasius hrevicornis Emery. [E] Pullman (Mann) ; Cle Elum

(FS). _

33. Lasius inter jectus Mayr. [E] Pullman (Mann).

34. Lasius latipes Walsh. [E] Pullman, Wawawai (Mann) ;

Almota (A. L. Melander); Rock Lake (Wheeler).

35. Lasius claviger Roger.* [E] Grand Coulee (FS).

36. Formica manni Wheeler. [E] Kiona, Pullman, Wapato,

Wawawai (Mann); Grand Coulee (FS).

37. Formica sanguinea subsp. suhintegra Emery. [EW] Pull-

man (Mann); Olympia (TK) .

38. Formica sanguinea subsp. subnuda Emery. [W] Seattle

(Wheel.) ; San Juan Is., Mt. Pilchuck, Olympia, Garland

Hot Springs (FS).

39. Formica sanguinea subsp. puberula Emery. [EW] Pullman

(Mann); Olympia (TK).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

40. Formica oreas var. comptula Wheeler. [EW] Pullman

(Mann) ; San Juan Is. (FS).

41. Formica truncicola subsp. integra Nyl.* [EW] Cle Elum,

Alder Creek (Chelan County), San Juan Is. (FS).

42. Formica truncicola subsp. integroides Emery.* [EW] Cle

Elum, Yakima, Leavenworth, San Juan Is. (FS).

43. Formica truncicola subsp. integroides var. subclaviceps

Wheeler. [W] San Juan Is. (Mann); Seattle (FS).

44. Formica truncicola subsp. integroides var. hcemorrhoidalis

Emery. [E] Ellensburg (S. Henshaw).

45. Formica rufa subsp. obscuripes Forel . [EW] Pullman

(Mann) ; Loon Lake (S. Henshaw) ; Rock Lake (A. L.

Melander) ; San Juan Is., Grand Coulee (FS).

46. Formica rufa subsp. obscuripes var. melanotica Emery. [EW]

Pullman (Mann) ; Olympia (TK) ; Tacoma, Fort Lewis,

San Juan Is., Shelton, Seattle (FS).

47. Formica micro gyna subsp. rasilis Wheeler. [W] Olympia

(TK) .

48. Formica fusca L. [EW] Pullman (Mann) ; Mt. Rainier

(J. C. Bradley) ; San Juan Is. (Mann), (FS) ; Shaw Island,

Bothell, Seattle, Paradise, Sequim, Tacoma, Olympic (FS),

Labam (TK).

49. Formica fusca var. subsericea Say. [EW] Olympia (TK) ;

Dry Falls, Tacoma (FS).

50. Formica fusca var. argentea Wheeler. [EW] Pullman,

Wawawai (Mann) ; Yakima (S. Henshaw) ; Mt. Rainier,

Seattle (Wheel.).

51. Formica fusca var. marcida Wheeler. [EW] Ellensburg,

Kiona (Mann) ; Brinnon (J. C. Bradley) ; Soap Lake (FS).

52. Formica fusca var. subcenescens Emery. [EW] San Juan Is.

(Mann) ; Brinnon (J. C. Bradley) ; John Island, Cle Elum

(FS).

53. Formica fusca var. gelida Wheeler. [EW] Olympic Mts.

(J. C. Bradley) ; Toppenish, Leavenworth, Stratford, San

Juan Is., Mt. Rainier, Orcas Is., Chase Lake (King County),

Soap Lake (FS).

54. Formica fusca var. neorufibarbis Emery. [W] San Juan Is.

(Mann) ; Union City, Mt. Rainier (J. C. Bradley) ; Olympia,

Naselle River (TK) ; Bothell, Snoqualmie Falls, Granite

Falls (FS).

JANUARY, 1941]

SMITH— ANTS OF WASHINGTON

55. Formica fusca var. neoclara Emery. [EW] Wawawai

(Mann) ; Moses Lake, Goose Lake (FS) ; Olympia, Bay

Center, North Bend, Nemah River (TK) .

56. Formica fusca var. blanda Wheeler. [W] Olympia, Seattle

(TK) ; Fort Lewis, Paradise (FS).

57. Formica fusca subsp. pruinosa Wheeler. [E] Wawawai

(Mann) .

58. Formica fusca var. lutescens Wheeler. [E] Ellensburg, Kiona,

Wawawai (Mann).

59. Formica rufibarbis var. occidua Wheeler. [EW] Wawawai

(Mann); Seattle (FS).

60. Formica subpolita Mayr. [EW] Orcas Is. (Mann) ; Vantage,

Grand Coulee, San Juan Is., Tacoma (FS).

61. Formica subpolita var. camponoticeps Wheeler. [E] Rock

Lake, Wawawai (Mann) ; Go van (J. A. Hyslop) ; Almota

(A. L. Melander).

62. Formica subpolita var. picea Emery. [EW] Pullman

(Mann); Grand Coulee, Seattle (FS).

63. Formica cinerea var. lepida Wheeler. [W] Seattle (TK)

(FS) ; Sand River, Bay Center (TK) ; Garland Hot Springs,

Stuck River (FS).

64. Formica neogagates Emery. [EW] Almota (A. L. Melander) ;

Pullman, Wawawai (Mann) ; Soap Lake, San Juan Is. (FS).

65. Formica neogagates subsp. lasioides var. vetula Wheeler.

[EW] Pullman (Mann) ; Olympia, Bay Center, San Juan

Is. (TK).

66. Formica moki subsp. xerophila M. R. Smith.* [E] Leaven-

worth (FS).

67. Formica pallide-fulva subsp. schaufussi Mayr. [W] Seattle

(TK) (FS).

68. Polyergus rufescens subsp. breviceps Emery. [E] Pullman

(Mann) .

69. Camponotus Icevigatus Fred. Smith. [EW] Union City

(J. C. Bradley); Seattle (TK) ; Bothell (FS).

70. Camponotus maculatus subsp. vicinus Mayr. [EW] Almota

(A. L. Melander) ; Pullman, Grand Coulee (Mann) ; San

Juan Is., Orcas Is., Shelton, Seattle (FS).

71. Camponotus maculatus subsp. vicinus var. nitidiventris

Emery.* [EW] Nisqually River (TK) ; Cle Elum, Tacoma,

San Juan Is., Soap Lake, Cashmere (FS).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVII. NO. 1

72. Camponotus maculatus subsp. vicinus var. luteangulis

Wheeler. [EW] Yakima River (S. Henshaw) ; Wawawai

(Mann) ; Cle Elum, San Juan Is., Shelton (FS).

73. Camponotus maculatus subsp. vicinus var. plorabilis

Wheeler. [EW] Almota (A. L. Melander) ; Ellensburg,

Kiona, Pullman, San Juan Is. (Mann) ; Seattle (Wheel.).

74. Camponotus maculatus subsp. maccooki Forel. Washing-

ton (Osten Sacken).

75. Camponotus herculeanus subsp. penns ylvanicus De Geer.

[W] San Juan Is (Mann).

76. Camponotus herculeanus subsp. pennsylvanicus var. whym-

peri Forel. [EW] Wenass, Spokane, Brinnon (Wheel.) ;

Neppel (FS) ; Mt. Rainier (J. C. Bradley).

77. Camponotus herculeanus var. modoc Wheeler. [EW] Kliki-

tat Valley (S. Henshaw) ; Pullman (C. V. Piper) ; Union

City (J. C. Bradley) ; Olympia, Bay Center (TK) ; San

Juan Is. (Mann) (FS) ; Park Forest Camp (Kittitas County) ,

Maple Creek (Chelan County), Flowing Lake, Steven’s

Pass, Seattle (FS).

78. Camponotus herculeanus subsp. ligniperdus var. novcebora-

censis Fitch. [EW] Union City (J. C. Bradley) ; Nisqually

River, Olympia (TK) ; San Juan Is., Seattle, Cle Elum (FS).

79. Camponotus caryce (Fitch). [W] Washington (Wheel.);

Olympia (TK) .

The Mosquito Genus Mansonia Blanchard in California

While studying material in the mosquito collection of the

University of California the writer encountered four female

specimens of Mansonia perturbans (Walker), a mosquito new

to California. This is the first record of the genus Mansonia

from California and greatly extends the known distribution of

the species. Previously the species has been collected as far west

as British Columbia, Montana, and the Mississippi Valley. The

California specimens are from widely separated localities and

were collected by Professor W. B. Herms, University of Califor-

nia, during the course of malaria mosquito surveys. The records

are: Landers, Placer County, July 9, 1917; Galt, San Joaquin

County, July 15, 1917; Holt, San Joaquin County, July 17, 1919;

and Bakersfield, Kern County, July 28, 1919. The writer is

indebted to Dr. Thomas H. G. Aitken for verification of his

determination. — William C. Reeves.

JANUARY, 1941]

HOPPING— XYLOTRECHUS

A NEW SPECIES OF XYLOTRECHUS

(Coleoptera, Cerambycidee)

BY RALPH HOPPING

Vernon, British Columbia

Xylotrechus robustus Hopping, new species

Holotype, male, length 17 mm., width 5 mm. Color dark brown

to black with grey hairs on the fasciae. Front of head with coarse

grey hairs on each side and below frontal umbone. Base of each

antenna with a small pubescent spot situated in eye emargination.

Pronotum with a narrow anterior marginal band. Scutellum

clothed with grey vestiture. Elytra with three transverse bands

and tips of elytra grey and truncate. First or subbasal band in-

terrupted each side of elytral suture, the second band interrupted

at suture, third band attaining suture. Abdomen with four pubes-

cent bands on posterior margins of segments and a short broken

one just in front of hind legs. Bicarination on front of head

opaque and roughened and not polished as in most species of

Xylotrechus . Tarsi of fore legs rather strongly dilated, probably

more so than in any other species of the genus.

Allotype, female, length 18 mm., width 6 mm. Differs from the

male only in the more slender femora, shorter antennse, lack of

finely granulated areas on occiput and distinctly yellow fascise

rather than grey as in the male.

The male holotype bears the labels “Ed. B. Andrews, Estes

Park, Colo.”, “Estes Park, Colo., Griffith Mill, 4-IX-35-7800.”

The female allotype bears the labels “Ed. B. Andrews, Estes

Park, Colo.”, “Estes Park, Colo., Griffith Mill, 10-IX-35-7800.”

Five male and three female paratyes were all taken at Griffith

Mill between September 4 and 14, 1935.

Types are in the collection of the author. Paratypes are in

the collection of Mr. Ed. B. Andrews (6) and the author (2).

I am indebted to Mr. Andrews for the very fine series of ten speci-

mens from which this species was described.

The species belongs to the undulatus group as defined in

the revision, “The Clytini of Boreal America, Pt. 1,” by George

R. Hopping (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 25:529-570, 4 plates, 1932).

On page 540 of the above, last paragraph under X. mormonus,

“ insignis ” should read “ undulatus .” X. robustus is probably

nearer mormonus than any other species, but averages much

larger and lacks the sparse grey hairs on the elytra and abdomen

of mormonus. From undulatus it differs conspicuously in its

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

absence of longitudinal markings, all markings being transverse,

resembling more the Neoclytus in this respect than the typical

Xylotrechus.

In the series, the males run from 14 to 17 mm., and the

females 14 to 18 mm.

Charles William Woodworth

Charles William Woodworth, who recently died on Novem-

ber 19, 1940, was born at Champaign, Illinois, April 28, 1865.

He was one of America’s first trained entomologists, having

studied with S. A. Forbes and graduated from the University of

Illinois in 1885 and with H. A. Hagen at Harvard University

1886-8 and 1900-1. He served as entomologist and botanist at

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station from 1888 to 1891

and in the latter year moved to California where, at the Uni-

versity of California, he became a leader in the development of

entomology on the Pacific Coast. He became professor of ento-

mology in 1913 and emeritus in 1930. His interests were many,

for he encouraged and promoted systematic, economic, and medi-

cal entomology, and was also a mathematician, physicist, chemist,

and inventor. He organized the University of California Ento-

mological Society in 1895 and published “The Entomologists’

Daily Post Card,” the organ of this society, to the extent of 118

issues in 1895. He also founded the Pacific Slope Association

of Economic Entomologists in 1909 and was its first president.

He published extensively in the field of entomology and

wrote: “A List of the Insects of California,” in 1903; “Wing Veins

of Insects,” in 1906; “Guide to California Insects,” in 1913;

“Classification of Orders of Insects,” in 1915; “Microscope

Theory,” in 1924; and many other important papers. He was

a member and at one time president of the Cambridge Entomo-

logical Club, an honorary fellow of the Entomological Society

of America, a member of the Pacific Coast Entomological So-

ciety (1901) and later (1912) an honorary member, a charter

member of the American Association of Economic Entomologists,

a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of

Science, and a member of other scientific societies. More ex-

tended biographies have been prepared and will appear in early

issues of Science and the Journal of Economic Entomology.

— E. O. Essig.

JANUARY, 1941]

STAHLER— THRIPS LIFE HISTORY

THE LIFE HISTORY OF PHLCEOTHRIPS (HOPLANDRO-

THRIPS) SYCAMORENSIS (MASON)

(Thysanoptera, Phloeothripidae )

BY N. STAHLER

University of California, Berkeley

The abundance of Phlceothrips ( Hoplandrothrips ) syca-

morensis (Mason) on the London plane tree, Platanus acerifolia,

on the University of California campus in Berkeley suggested

an investigation of the life history of this species. This study

was carried on during the past winter from November to April,

inclusive. The thrips were kept in small Stender dishes and fed

on fresh green bark. Some difficulty was experienced in main-

taining the first instar larvae alive, but the later stages were rather

easily reared.

According to Bailey (1938, Pan-Pac. Ent., 14:19-23) the

taxonomy of this species is in doubt, although it plainly belongs

in the genus Phlceothrips Haliday. Mason (1926, Pan-Pac. Ent.,

2:155-7) described the species from sycamore trees at Spring-

ville, California, and stated that the larvae are “light yellow to

colorless” and that the winter is passed in the egg stage. The

present observations indicate that he may have confused the

life history with that of another species, possibly Karnyothrips

flavipes (Jones), as suggested by Bailey (in litt.) . The writer

takes pleasure in acknowledging the assistance rendered by Dr.

S. F. Bailey.

The metamorphosis of this species of thrips follows the

pattern outlined for phlceothripid Thysanoptera by Priesner

(1927, Thysanopteren Europas, Lf. 111:484). The eggs are

white, faintly reticulate and subellipsoidal (0.27 mm. x 0.17

mm.) with tapering micropylar end. Several days prior to

eclosion the embryo may be seen within the egg with the red

eye spots near the micropyle. Eggs are found in masses under

loose bark, particularly around growth or leaf scars. Females

deposit their eggs singly over a period of several weeks, and

although the generations overlap, the period of maximum egg

abundance during these observations was in early February.

Under laboratory conditions the egg stage required about twelve

days, but during the cool winter months under natural condi-

tions, it lasted as long as three weeks.

When freshly hatched, the first instar larvae are about 0.6

mm. in length with the terminal setae of the abdominal tube

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yql. XVII. NO. 1

nearly as long as the body. The antennae, dorsal thickenings

of the thorax and tube are grey, while the rest of the body, except

for the scarlet-red eyes, is transparent. In about a day a con-

trasting scarlet coloration appears in the form of a wide pleural

band extending from the prothorax to the ninth abdominal seg-

ment and in irregular patches on the dorsal area of the thorax.

The dorsum of the abdomen and the entire venter of the body

are pale yellow. Before molting, the primary larvae reach a

length of about 1.2 mm. Under laboratory conditions, where

the length of the stages was determined, the first instar requires

about eleven days and is the most active stadium of the thrips.

The first and second instar larvae may be conveniently sepa-

rated by the shape of the third antennal segment which is about

1.4 times as long as its greatest width in the former and about

2.3 in the latter. The second larval stadium lasts four to five

weeks, depending in part on the abundance of food and the

humidity. The larvae vary in length from 1.4 to 2.0 mm. The

antennae and tube are fuscous, the legs pale fuscous and the

head flavotestaceous. Each thoracic tergum bears a broad

crimson patch. No other changes from that described for the

first instar appear during this active feeding stage.

The prepupal stage of P. sycamorensis (averaging 1.5 mm.

in length and lasting for two to three days) is readily dis-

tinguished by its short horn-like antennae. The scarlet markings

are broader than in the preceding stage, tending to form com-

plete rings around the prothorax and posterior abdominal seg-

ments. The antennae, legs and tube are nearly transparent, while

the rest of the body appears as in earlier stages. The prepupae

are sluggish and do not feed.

The first pupa, which is about the same size as the preceding

instar, is characterized by the reflexed antennae about as long

as the head and by the wing pads which reach to the anterior

margin of the second abdominal segment. The red pigmenta-

tion is reduced to discontinuous lateral maculations. The first

pupa molts in two or three days. The second pupal stage differs

from the first by the longer antennae which extend to the middle

of the prothorax and by the wing pads which reach to the third

abdominal segment. It is somewhat larger (about 1.9 mm.

long) and the more pronounced scarlet pigmentation is in the

form of discontinuous hands on the dorsal and lateral areas

of the body. The compound eyes are noticeably larger than in

the first pupa. The second pupal period lasts from five to

JANUARY, 1941] STAHLER— THRIPS LIFE HISTORY

seven days. The pupae of both stages secrete themselves in

crevices under the bark and do not feed.

In the freshly emerged adult the antennae, head and legs are

nearly transparent and the rest of the body ferrugineous. The

development of the black cuticular color takes place during the

first day and as readily in darkness as in sunlight. In the labo-

ratory eggs were deposited one week after the adults had emerged.

The total life cycle of this species of Phlceothrips, from egg to

egg, lasts approximately eleven weeks, seven of which are spent

in feeding stages.

The larvae and adults are negatively phototropic and when

crawling or feeding on the outside of the trunk gather on the

shady side of the tree. They are more active in warmer weather

and very few specimens were found moving about until the

leaves appeared. Some are to be seen on the larger branches

but the writer could discover only a few adults and larvae on

the leaves.

Among the natural enemies may be listed a species of

Cephalothrips, predaceous upon the eggs and larvae and an

anthocorid bug (identified by Dr. R. L. Usinger as Xylocoris

sp.) preying on all stages. Several common species of lady-

bird beetles, Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., Adalia bipunctata

(Linn.) and Lindorus lophanthce (Blaisdell) were present in

thrips colonies and fed on the larvae in the laboratory. Mites

were observed feeding on the yolk within partly ruptured egg

shells, but none was seen to actually pierce the eggs.

The Henry Clinton Fall Memorial Publication Fund

The Pacific Coast Entomological Society has recently re-

ceived, through Mrs. Carl A. Richmond, a gift of securities

valued at one thousand dollars from the estate of the late Henry

Clinton Fall. This fund is to be known as the Henry Clinton

Fall Memorial Publication Fund and is to be administered by

the Board of Directors of the Society through its Publication

Committee. The terms of the bequest generously provide for

considerable freedom of action both in the administration of

the fund and in the subject matter covered by the publications

to which it is applied.

Dr. Fall was a charter member of the Society and served as its

first vice-president. The establishment of this fund is a fitting

memorial to his long association with the Society and with ento-

mology in California. — E. G. Linsley.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vol. XVII. NO. 1

A NEW SPECIES OF ANTHOPHORA FROM CALIFORNIA

( Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

University of California Citrus Experiment Station,

Riverside, California.

The following species of Anthophora is published at this time

to provide a name for use in other papers. The type is deposited

in the collection of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside,

California.

Anthophora linsleyi Timberlake, new species

This belongs to a small southwestern group having the hind

tibia of the male dilated and produced at apex on inner side,

the process bearing the inner tibial spur a short distance before

the apex, and having the hind basitarsus much dilated, flattened,

and with a sharp tooth on inner margin near base. A. vallomm

(Ckll.) appears to be the only other described species belong-

ing to this group, and it differs from linsleyi in having the face

marks yellow; the hind tibia much less expanded at apex, with

the process comparatively small, tapering and acute, and the

spur inserted just before its apex; the tooth on the hind basi-

tarsus much smaller and placed half way between the base and

middle; the pubescence more or less tinged with fulvous; and

the fifth tergite of the female with much black hair.

Male. Moderately robust, black. Small spot at base of mandi-

bles, labrum except usual pair of spots, clypeus except extreme

anterior margin and a spot on suture on each side above, trans-

verse supraclypeal mark, lateral face marks roundly emarginate

above, with a short orbital extension to level of antennae, and scape

beneath, creamy white. Claws rufous on basal half. Spurs rufo-

testaceous. Tegulae piceous. Wing almost clear hyaline. Tergites

one to six broadly whitish hyaline at apex. Tergite seven with

two small teeth at apex, widely separated by a rounded sinus.

Front and middle legs quite ordinary. Hind legs as described

above, with the following particulars : Hind femora and tibiae sub-

incrassate. Spinous tip of tibial process a little blunt at apex and

bent straight backward parallel with axis of tibiae, this process

also with a small acute tooth on inner margin opposite the inser-

tion of the spur. Hind basitarsus broadest across basal half, then

tapering to moderately wide apex, with the outer margin arcuate,

more strongly rounded out on basal half. Inner margin straight

except for the rather large triangular tooth placed ditinctly basad

of the middle. Inner margin also produced in a very small sharp

tooth at apex. Mandibles short, tapering, acute at apex and almost

JANUARY, 1941]

TIMBERLAKE— ANTHOPHORA

edentate on inner margin. Third antennal joint equal to the

fourth plus one-half the fifth joint. Clypeus dullish, very obscurely

punctured. Frons, vertex and thorax moderately shining, with

very fine shallow punctures, most distinct on the mesonotum. Vertex

between lateral ocellus and eye very minutely sculptured, but

shining, impunctate. Abdomen a little dullish, finely granular-

punctate. Pubescence long and rather dense, dull ochreous or

grayish, and sparsely intermixed with black on mesonotum. Hair

of face below antennee sparse. On frons a transverse line of black

hairs just below anterior ocellus, and another group on each side

at a slightly higher level. Vertex with much black hair on each

side close to occipital margin, but hair in middle light. First

tergite with long dense light hair. Following segments with

shorter, thinner, erect hair, which is more or less black at base of

tergites three and four, and sometimes tergites two to six. Venter

with fine, short, appressed, light hair, except that on the first seg-

ment which is much longer and erect. Near the middle of the

venter is a large circular patch of black pubescence situated mostly

on segments four and five. Hair of legs light, but becoming choco-

late brown on inner side of tarsi. Length, 10-12 mm.; anterior

wing, 7.6-8. 7 mm.; width of abdomen, 3. 8-4. 5 mm.

Female. Similar to male. Face entirely black. Clypeus con-

vex, more or less shining, closely and shallowly punctured,

sometimes with a more or less distinct median impunctate line.

Mandibles often yellow-testaceous apically, the inner tooth very

small and placed considerably before the apex. Joint three of

antenna about equaling joints four to six combined. Apices of ter-

gites less broadly and less conspicuously whitish hyaline. Wings

considerably more dusky. Tibial spurs dark brown or blackish.

Pubescence generally more ochreous, rarely pale fulvous, with black

hairs inconspicuously intermixed on mesonotum. Black hairs on

frons and vertex as in male. First tergite with long, light, erect

hair. Following segments appearing comparatively nude, clothed

with shorter, subappressed, mostly light hair, but with some black

pubescence at base of tergites two to four. Hair of tergite five

light, but hair on each side of the pygidial plate of tergite six

chocolate brown. Hair of legs light, but more or less fuscous or

black on coxae and trochanters, and hair on inner side of tarsi

chocolate brown, that on hind basitarsi margined on each side

with blackish. Apical tuft of hind basitarsus dark brown or

fuscous. Scopal hairs of hind tibia and basitarsus glistening

ochreous white. Length, 10-13 mm.; anterior wing, 8. 5-8. 8 mm.;

width of abdomen, 4. 5-4.8 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and eight paratypes, males,

collected at nests in roadway, near mouth of Deep Creek, Mohave

Desert, April 26, 1936 (E. G. Linsley). Also the following para-

types: thirty-five females collected under the same circumstances

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

as the type, May 5, 1936 (Linsley and Timberlake) ; four females,

Westwood Hills, Los Angeles County, June 3 and 26, 1935 (Lins-

ley) ; two females, Panoche Creek, Fresno County, April 30,

1922 (A. J. Basinger) ; three males reared from larvae collected

eight miles south of Little Lake, Inyo County, April, 1940 (G. E.

Bohart) ; one female, west side of Mohave River, one mile from

mouth of Deep Creek, on Salvia carduacea, May 5, 1936; one

female, four miles east of Adelanto, on Lupinus odoratus, May

22, 1932; two females, three miles southwest of Victorville, on

Dalea saundersii , May 6 and 12, 1939; two males, ten females,

Lovejoy Buttes, seven miles north of Llano, on Salvia carduacea ,

May 2, 1937; one male, same locality and day, on Phacelia dis-

tans; two males, eighteen females, four miles west of Coalinga,

Fresno County, on Salvia carduacea. May 11, 1938; and eight

females, same locality and day, on Lupinus (Timberlake) .

Book Notices

The Spider Book. By John Henry Comstock, revised and

edited by W. J. Gertsch. Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc.

pp. xi+729, 770 text figures. 1940. Price $6.00.

Perhaps the greatest tribute to this well-known book is the

present “revision” by a leading authority on spiders who found

it necessary to add but little and revise almost nothing. To quote

from the editor’s introduction, “Inasmuch as the Spider Book was

intended as a popular introduction, it has seemed inexpedient to

incorporate into the book controversial arrangement, debatable

nomenclature, or radical departure from the present standard.”

We might expect that the more significant of the recent advances

in arachnology would be useful, even in an introductory book,

but entomologists should be grateful to learn that this standard

work is once more available.

An Introduction to Entomology. By John Henry Comstock.

Ninth edition, revised. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca,

New York. pp. xxi+1064, 1228 figures, portrait of J. H. Com-

stock. 1940. Price $5.00.

The constant demand for this standard text book of ento-

mology has necessitated frequent reprintings. The present edi-

tion provides a fuller treatment of the parasitic Hymenoptera by

Dr. H. K. Townes. It is to be regretted, however, that the bibli-

ography contains no reference to the standard entomological works

of the past decade. To treat insect morphology without reference

to the works of Imms, Weber, and Snodgrass, physiology with-

out reference to Wigglesworth and the various orders of insects

without mention of the leading works in these fields is to mis-

guide a generation of beginning students. — R. L. Usinger.

JANUARY, 1941]

BLAISDELL — ELEODES

A NEW SPECIES OF ELEODES FROM NORTH-

EASTERN ARIZONA

(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidse)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and Associate in Research , California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California

In 1933 the Ansel Hall Expedition into north-eastern Ari-

zona and south-eastern Utah, collected the interesting species of

Eleodes which is described below.

Eleodes (Melaneleodes) halli Blaisdell, new species

Form ovate, widest across middle of elytra, in the female

slightly more than twice as long as wide. Color black and dull

in luster, under surface of body somewhat shining and polished.

Punctation quite strong and moderately dense; elytra densely

punctato-muricate, punctures with short blackish or brownish

inconspicuous hairs.

Head moderate in size, not quite as wide as pronotal apex,

widest across eyes and there twice as wide as long before post-

ocular line; sides not prominent, margins moderately arcuate

over antennal insertions, thence straight and convergent, con-

tinuously so with sides of epistoma, the latter broadly and feebly

emarginate at apex, angles rounded. Frons nearly plane, slightly

convex laterally and feebly declivous against eyes, sutures obliter-

ated; densely punctate, punctures moderately small, slightly

coarser apically on epistoma; labrum slightly convex, side arcuate,

angles well rounded, apex not widely emarginate at middle. Eyes

transverse, short, upper lobe slightly larger; broadly and feebly

emarginate anteriorly. Antennae long, extending about three seg-

ments beyond pronotal base, last three segments slightly wider

than the preceding, second segment short and annular as usual,

one-fourth as long as third; the latter elongate and subcylindrical,

four times as long as wide at apex; segments four to seven in-

clusive subequal in length and width, feebly obconical and about

two and one-half times as long as wide; eighth obconical and a

little longer than wide; ninth and tenth irregularly subspherical,

about as long as wide; eleventh slightly narrowed apically and

not quite twice as long as wide.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vql. XVII. NO. 1

Pronotum subquadrate, about one-sixth wider than long; apex

truncate, very finely beaded, bead interrupted at middle, angles

obtuse-angular and slightly blunt; sides moderately arcuate,

widest just before middle, thence straighter and convergent to

base, very slightly sinuate; base in width equal to pronotal length

and about one-sixth wider than apex, moderately and broadly

arcuate, marginal bead rather fine, angles obtuse and scarcely

rounded. Disk feebly convex centrally, gently and arcuately de-

clivous in about lateral sixth, marginal beads not visible from

above, quite obsolete on basal sinuation; densely punctate, punc-

tures slightly larger than on head, denser laterally and well sepa-

rated centrally.

Pronotal sides and sternum densely punctato-rugose.

Elytra oval, obtusely pointed apically, about one-half longer

than wide and two and one-half times as long as pronotum; base

scarcely wider than pronotal base, feebly emarginate and adapted

to that of pronotum, humeri obtuse-angulate, their surfaces slightly

concave to receive the pronotal basal angles, scutellum transverse,

small and arcuate at apex. Sides broadly, evenly arcuate, most

convergent in apical fourth, apex narrowly rounded. Disk rather

strongly convex, arcuately declivous laterally and somewhat

abruptly indexed; apical declivity arcuately oblique, almost ver-

tical; surface very densely muricato-punctate somewhat as in

Eleodes tricostata Say, but with murices smaller and similar

throughout and more or less confluent, each bearing a short,

blackish setiform hair from its puncture, striae of punctures more

or less distinct and feebly impressed, intervals narrow and very

feebly convex, becoming most so laterally and on apical declivity.

Sterna and parapleurae more or less rugoso-punctate.

Abdomen moderately convex, glabrous and shining, sparsely

punctate, punctures small, surface more or less irregularly

rugulose. First segment on median line equal to combined lengths

of fourth and fifth; second segment equal to third and fourth to-

gether, fifth as long as fourth and a little shorter than second.

Legs moderate in length and stoutness. Metatibiae about as long

as their femora; metatarsi two- thirds as long as their tibiae,

moderately slender, first segment of each equal to combined lengths

of second and third, also equal to length of fourth; second and

third segments equal to each other, each quite twice as long as

wide at apex.

Male. Narrower. Antennae relatively long. Abdomen impressed

on middle third of first three segments.

Female. Wider, elytra more oval and more or less slightly

inflated. Antennae shorter and the abdomen more evenly convex.

Measurements of types. Male: length: 14 mm.; width, 5.5 mm.

Female: length, 13.5 mm.; width, 6.5 mm.

JANUARY, 1941]

BLAISDELL— ELEODES

Holotype, female, No. 5172, and allotype, male, No. 5173,

in the collection of the Museum of the California Academy of

Sciences. The female was collected at Kayenta, Navajo County,

Arizona, 20 miles WNW, on June 27, 1933, at an altitude of

8200 feet, by H. N. Hultgren. The males were secured at Kayenta,

15 miles WNW on June 24, at an elevation of 7200 feet. Three

specimens studied: two males and one female; one male a para-

type.

Halli is a member of the Quadricollis Section of the sub-

genus Melaneleodes, to which it belongs by reason of the en-

larged inner protibial spurs; it is particularly related to the

species of the Humeralis Group, by its dull luster and more or less

asperate elytral sculpturing; the sculpturing is somewhat similar

to that of tricostata Say. The elytral setiform hairs arise from

the punctures near the tips of the prickles or murices.

In humeralis Lee. the elytra are less convex on the disk and

the sculpturing is very densely and rather finely, muricately

punctate or almost granulate. In halli the asperities are dis-

tinct murices and not granules.

In concinna Blais, the elytra are less asperate and the sculp-

turing consists of less densely placed muricate granules that are

shining at their summits. This species is the form granulato-

muricata of the author’s Monograph.*

In coloradensis Blais, (see humeralis Lee. forma tuber culo-

muricata. Monograph,*) the form is robust with the elytra

subtuberculately muricate mainly laterally and apically.

Halli is most closely related to fuscipilosa Blais, from Utah.

It differs, however, in its more convex and fusiform-ovate form,

striate elytra with the intervals more or less convex, especially

on the sides and apical declivity. In both species the sculpturing

is similar, the setiform hairs arising from the muricate punctures

are longer, coarser and fulvous in color in fuscipilosa and the

elytra are less convex dorsally, more broadly oval and rather

more abruptly indexed laterally, the strial punctures not im-

pressed as in halli.

♦Blaisdell, F. E. A monographic revision of the Coleoptera belonging to the

Tenebrionide Tribe Eleodiini inhabiting the United States, Lower California, and

adjacent islands. U. S. National Museum Bull. 63, pp. xii+524, 13 plates, 1909.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII. NO. 1

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

H. M. Armitage

Vice-President

E. 0. Essig

President

Proceedings

E. G. Linsley

Secretary

One Hundred and Sixtieth Meeting, March 16, 1940

The one hundred and sixtieth meeting was held at 2 p. m.

in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco. President E. G. Linsley in the chair.

The following members were present: E. G. Linsley, G. F. Ferris,

R. L. Usinger, E. S. Ross, C. D. Michener, J. 0. Martin, E. R.

Leach, K. S. Hagen, W. E. Simonds, 0. B. Cope, L. B. Boyer, R. C.

Miller, E. 0. Essig, W. H. Lange, H. M. Armitage, P. C. Ting,

R. G. Dahl, P. A. Harvey, H. H. Keifer, A. E. Michelbacher.

Visitors present were: E. J. Campan, W. F. Barr, Mrs. E. P.

Van Duzee, R. Smith, M. Huebler.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.

Dr. Linsley called for a report of the membership committee.

Mr. L. D. Christenson’s name was suggested and he was unani-

mously elected to membership. Mr. E. R. Leach was called upon

for the treasurer’s report. He called attention to the fact that

there were 229 paid subscribers to volume fifteen of the Pan-

Pacific Entomologist and 270 paid subscribers all together.

Dr. Michelbacher and Dr. Duncan were appointed to a com-

mittee to decide on the time and place for the annual field trip.

Dr. Linsley reported the recommendation of the reorganiza-

tion committee that the society become incorporated. It was

then moved, seconded and carried that the society become in-

corporated as a non-profit organization. Professor Ferris read

the revised by-laws for approval and they were adopted in

principle.

Professor Essig suggested that the membership fee for stu-

dents be reduced to one dollar and that they be given a voice

and vote in the society. This suggestion was moved, seconded,

and passed.

Dr. Miller reviewed the affiliations of various North American

Academies of Science.

Continuing the symposium on “Special Methods of Mounting

for Temporary and Permanent Preservation of Insects,” Dr.

Linsley called on Mr. Ting whose subject was “The Dissection

and Preserving of Coleopterous Genitalia.” Mr. Ting stated that

genitalic characters are now commonly used by coleopterists, but

that good judgment should be used in determining their importance

just as with the more obvious external characters. He mentioned

a recent paper by Dr. P. J. Darlington in which the latter states

that a long or short median lobe may exist in individuals of the

same species of Carabidas. Mr. Ting stated that the best genitalia

mounts and dissections are made when the genitalia with all

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

associated parts and the terminal and often invaginated abdom-

inal segments are cleared in caustic potash. A display of dif-

ferent types of genitalia mounts was passed around, including

dissections kept in minute vials of glycerin held on the pin im-

paling the exact specimen from which they were dissected, per-

manent slide counts correlated by number with the pinned speci-

mens, and small celluloid slides attached to the pinned specimens. —

Peter C. Ting, Secretary.

One Hundred and Sixty-first Meeting, April 28, 1940

Annual field meeting held at Phoenix Lake, Marin County,

California. Members present were: R. G. Dahl, J. W. Tilden,

N. Stahler, B. Brookman, N. E. Good, T. Aitken, W. C. Reeves,

P. D. Gerhardt, J. H. Freitag, E. Lindsay, R. L. Usinger, E. S.

Ross, A. E. Michelbacher, C. D. Michener, W. E. Simonds, E. 0.

Essig, C. D. Duncan, P. C. Ting. Visitors present were: E. G.

Meyers, S. Kennedy, E. W. Drews, G. F. Smith, Mrs. Newell

Good, Martha Putnam Usinger, Martha Michelbacher, Elinor

Freitag, Ethel L. Essig, Mary Isabel Essig, Christine Putnam,

T. H. Tudor, Louise Brandt Tudor, Helen Brandt Simonds.

The group assembled at 10 p. m. and collected in the vicinity

of Phoenix Lake. After a picnic luncheon most of the members

hiked to nearby hills and collected at higher altitudes. Due to

adverse weather conditions general collecting was not very good. —

Peter C. Ting, Secretary.

One Hundred and Sixty-second Meeting, September 21, 1940

The one hundred and sixty-second meeting was held at 2 p. m.

in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco. President E. G. Linsley in the chair.

The following members were present: E. G. Linsley, E. S. Ross,

E. C. Van Dyke, N. E. Good, E. 0. Essig, G. F. Ferris, J. 0.

Martin, B. Brookman, 0. B. Cope, A. Smith, J. W. Tilden, C. D.

Duncan, R. L. Usinger, C. D. Michener, W. F. Barr, K. Hagen,

P. A. Harvey, Alice Eastwood, W. E. Simonds. Visitors present

were: W. A. Evans, M. B. Irvine, M. M. Barnes, A. W. Brereton,

L. H. King, H. I. Magy, G. S. Monsfield, D. R. Murphy, H. T.

Reynolds, D. J. Raski, E. Mittler, G. Adachi, M. F. Hastings,

W. Y. Chong, A. Bartel, P. S. Crane, E. Lindsay.

The minutes of previous meetings were approved as corrected.

Old business. President Linsley announced that the society

had become incorporated and called for financial contributions

from those members wishing to assist in defraying the cost in-

volved. He then read the names of the Board of Directors for

1940 as well as the Standing Committees as follows : Board of

Directors: E. G. Linsley, President; H. M. Armitage, Vice-

President; P. C. Ting, Secretary; E. R. Leach, Treasurer; E. 0.

Essig (Publication) ; R. L. Usinger (Editorial) ; E. S. Ross

(Historical); C. D. Duncan (Membership). Standing Committees:

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XVII. NO. 1

Membership : C. D. Duncan (chairman), A. E. Michelbacher,

C. D. Michener; Program: G. F. Ferris (chairman), R. L. Usinger,

E. S. Ross. Publication: E. 0. Essig (chairman), E. G. Linsley,

C. D. Duncan, H. H. Keifer, G. F. Ferris, F. E. Blaisdell; Edi-

torial: R. L. Usinger (editor), E. C. Van Dyke (associate editor),

E. S. Ross (assistant editor), G. F. Ferris, E. G. Linsley; His-

torical: E. S. Ross (chairman), E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke,

R. L. Usinger, E. G. Linsley.

President Linsley announced receipt of securites valued at

$1,000 from the H. C. Fall estate to be identified as the Fall

Memorial Publication Fund. This gift was gratefully acknowl-

edged by the secretary in a letter to Mrs. C. A. Richmond dated

September 17, 1940.

The membership committee proposed the names of M. M.

Barnes, W. F. Barr and F. W. Furry. They were unanimously

elected to membership.

The secretary reported for the Board of Directors the recom-

mendation that the society’s meetings be increased to eight per

year to be held from September through April as a means of

adding interest and increasing the continuity of the meetings.

It was moved and seconded and carried that this recommenda-

tion be adopted.

Dr. Usinger reported that the publication committee had

decided to increase the subscription price of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist to $2.50 per year for non-members and explained that

this move was prompted by the need for more funds to pay off

the deficit coupled with decreased income from the foreign sub-

scribers.

New business. President Linsley appointed a nominating

committee consisting of A. E. Michelbacher (chairman), C. D.

Duncan and R. L. Usinger to report its recommendations for new

officers at the next meeting.

The death of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee was announced by Presi-

dent Linsley and it was decided that the entire October issue of

the Pan-Pacific Entomologist be dedicated as a memoriam to him.

Professor Essig read an account of the life and works of Mr.

Van Duzee written for the issue by himself and Dr. Usinger.

Apropos of facts mentioned in this account, Miss Alice Eastwood

explained in detail how she saved the entomological types of the

California Academy of Sciences from destruction in the earth-

quake and fire of 1906. The secretary was instructed to write a

letter to Mrs. Van Duzee expressing the society’s sympathy and

feeling of loss with the death of Mr. Van Duzee.

Exhibits and observations. Dr. Ferris briefly discussed his

most recent research on the Diaspidee and exhibited some of his

drawings of these scale insects. He also called attention to a dis-

play of Mr. Cope’s drawings on the morphology of the Psocoptera

which will appear in Microentomology.

JANUARY, 1941]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

Dr. Duncan passed around three attractive canes made from

branches that had been engraved by scolytid beetles, stating that

such branches were found on the ground in shaded situations.

Mr. W. Y. Chong of Davis exhibited a peculiar apterous

tipulid ( Chionea ) collected on a snow bank in the Sierra Nevada

Mountains.

Mr. G. E. Bohart placed on exhibit a conopid fly with its host

bee, pointing out that the fly was remarkably large for so small

a host.

Mr. Tilden passed around a collection of moths and beetles

which he collected during a recent trip into Arizona.

As the main feature of the program Dr. Van Dyke gave an

account of his field work since his last attendance. Leaving

Berkeley on August 15, 1939, and traveling by automobile accom-

panied by Mrs. Van Dyke, he drove by way of the Grand Canyon

to Carlsbad Caverns. Here he made a special point to collect in

the bat caves as only blind camel crickets could be found in other

parts of the caverns. On the bat manure he was able to collect

carabid beetles of the genus Rhadine which were almost colorless

and had reduced eyes. They were collected as they walked about

on the surface of the manure and were not found elsewhere in

the caves. Also found on the bat manure were numerous bat

fleas, two species of moths, and tenebrionid beetles of the genus

Embaphion. Dr. and Mrs. Van Dyke then drove across the “Pan

handle” of Texas and through Oklahoma to Ft. Smith, Arkansas,

whence they went into the Quachita Mountains of Arkansas, a

southern extension of the Ozark uplift, and on into the Ozarks

of Missouri collecting with the hope of securing relict carabid

beetles ( Nemoratus , etc) in this, one of the most ancient ranges

in the United States. As the season was unusually dry, collect-

ing was not so good as might otherwise be expected. Leaving

this region they drove to Mobile, Alabama, where they remained

two months and visited H. P. Loding. The Mobile region was

found to be quite diverse with swampy lowlands and pine-covered

highlands. The sand dunes of Mobile Bay and of the Gulf of

Mexico were found to have a very poor fauna as compared to

that of the Pacific Coast dunes. Dr. Van Dyke reported that his

most interesting collecting was had in the turpentine cups at-

tached to pine trees in which many beetles become trapped.

Beetles thus collected seem to be immune from future attack by

museum pests. From Mobile they drove into Florida and col-

lected in the cedar swamps and everglades. Insects were not

abundant, probably due to the unusually cold winter. Driving

north to Clemson, South Carolina, they visited Mr. 0. L. Cart-

wright and Wm. Upholt. After visiting Henry Good at Auburn,

Alabama, in the latter part of April they drove to Cheaha State

Park. About the first of May they visited de Soto State Park

where, on May 7, Mrs. Van Dyke suffered a paralytic stroke and

was taken to Gadsden, Alabama, and placed in a hospital where

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vql. XVII. NO. 1

she died on the evening of May 18, 1940. Following this very

unfortunate happening Dr. Van Dyke returned to Berkeley as

soon as possible. — E. S. Ross, Secretary, pro tem.

One Hundred and Sixty-third Meeting, December 7, 1940

The one hundred and sixtyrthird meeting was held at 2 p. m.

in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco. President Linsley in the chair. The

following members were present: E. G. Linsley, E. S. Ross, R. L,

Usinger, E. C. Van Dyke, J. W. Johnson, N. Stahler, N. E.

Good, B. Brookman, T. H. G. Aitken, A. E. Michelbacher, G. F.

Ferris, W. E. Simonds, W. F. Barr, R. G. Dahl, K. S. Hagen,

0. B. Cope, A. C. Smith, E. A. Smith, C. D. Michener, R. J.

Bartges, F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., W. H. Lange, H. H. Keifer, C. D.

Duncan, H. M. Armitage, E. 0. Essig, R. C. Miller. Visitors pres-

ent were: T. Aarons, D. Murphy, E. Lindsay, F. Driver, C. Peek,

A. W. Brereton.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.

Committee reports. The treasurer’s report was given by E. S.

Ross due to Mr. Leach’s absence. The report was approved.

Dr. Usinger reported for the publication committee and an-

nounced that a list of the members of the society will be pub-

lished in the next issue of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. ,

Mr. Ross reported on the work of the historical committee.

Reporting for the program committee, Dr. Usinger reviewed

the new meeting schedule and set tentative dates for the spring

meetings, as follows: January 25th, February 15th, March 8th

and April 13th. The plan for the program in each of these meet-

ings was also announced with Mr. Cope and Mr. Michener to

speak during the January meeting concerning their work on the

morphology of Psocoptera and bees respectively, Mr. Ross to

discuss his research on the Embioptera during the February meet-

ing, the March meeting to be devoted to a symposium on insect

ectoparasites lead by Dr. Ferris and the April meeting consisting

of the usual field trip. Dr. Usinger urged members wishing to

take part in a program to notify the program committee.

The membership committee, with Dr. Duncan reporting, sub-

mitted the names of Dr. G. F. MacLeod, Marvin Kolber, Thomas

F. Kelley, N. W. Frazier, J. W. MacSwain and A. W. Brereton

for membership in the society. All were elected by unanimous

vote.

Dr. Michelbacher, reporting for the nominating committee,

proposed the names of E. 0. Essig for president, H. M. Armitage

for vice-president, and Dr. E. G. Linsley for secretary. It was

moved and seconded and carried that this report be accepted and

that the secretary be instructed to cast a unanimous ballot in

favor of these nominees.

Dr. Linsley then expressed sincerest thanks in behalf of the

officers and himself for the loyal support given by the members

to the society’s activities during his term of office. The meeting

JANUARY, 1941]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

was then turned over to the new president, Prof. E. 0, Essig,

who continued the meeting with a call for exhibits and observa-

tions from the members.

Mr. Ross passed around a photograph of a Polistes collected

by Dr. Van Dyke at Antioch, California, which was remarkable

in that it had fifteen female Strepsiptera projecting from the

abdomen.

Mr. Armitage described a case of rapid infestation of an

orchard by eriophyid mites from a neighboring orchard. A dis-

cussion of the mechanism of such dispersal of mites followed. It

was generally agreed by Mr. Keifer and others that wind dis-

persal probably was most important and that birds probably

also carried mites from place to place on their legs as is the case

with the crawlers of scale insects.

President Essig then called upon Dr. Linsley to present his

retiring presidential address entitled “The Biology of the Meloidae

with Special Emphasis on the Genus Hornia.”

Dr. Linsley first called attention to the paucity of biological

studies of North American Meloidae stating that of the thirty-one

North American genera, twenty-nine are practically unknown

biologically. In his discussion of hyper-metamorphosis he first

mentioned the common practice of referring to the first instar

larvae of meloids as triungulins and suggested the adoption of

primary larvae as a ^substitute term. He devoted considerable at-

tention to the methods by which the primary larvae become at-

tached to a host. In reviewing the host relations of the various

genera of Meloidae it was discovered that the Meloinae are domi-

nantly locust parasites while nearly all the Nemognathinae are

associated with bees. His studies of the possible origin of para-

sitism of meloids indicate that such habits are developed from

predatism and that the change to pollen feeding really was not

a great step.

His detailed discussion of the biology of Hornia was largely

based on a study of two western species ; one a subspecies of

minutipennis, the other a new species from the east side of the

Sierra Nevada Mountains. Both of these species are parasitic on

bees of the genus Anthophora, as are other species of Hornia. One

of the most peculiar features of the biology of Hornia is the fact

that mating and oviposition take place in the bee cell occupied by

the female, neither sex normally coming to the surface of the

ground. The primary larvae crawl out of a hole in the cell made

by the female and wait on the surface of the ground at the nest-

ing site for a host. This larva, upon reaching a cell of the host,

first feeds on the host’s egg thus reserving for itself the pollen

supply intended for the bee larva. It was found that hibernation

takes place in the exuviae of the fourth and fifth instar larvae, a

device which protects the Hornia larvae from the mold which

accounts for the death of many bee larvae.

Following Dr. Linsley’s address the meeting was adjourned. —

E. S. ROSS, Secretary, pro tern.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII. NO. 1

List of Members*

’37 Aitken, Thomas, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’38 Armitage, H. M., State Agric. Bldg., Embarcadero St., San

Francisco, Calif.

’36 Atkins, Mr. and Mrs. C. H., 321 So. 8th St., San Jose, Calif.

’35 Bailey, Stanley F., Univ. Farm, Davis, Calif.

’40 Barnes, Martin M., 552 Padilla St., San Gabriel, Calif.

’40 Barr, W. F., 1606 53rd Ave., Oakland, Calif.

’39 Bartges, Rex, 966 Florence Lane, Menlo Park, Calif.

’37 Bartlett, B. R., Univ. of Calif. Citrus Exp. Station, Riverside.

’20 Basinger, A. J., Univ. of Calif. Citrus Exp. Station, Riverside.

’29 Blackwelder, R. E., U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C.

Ch. Blaisdeill, F. E., Ent. Dept., Calif. Acad, of Sci., San Fran-

cisco, Calif. (HM ’38).

’35 Bohart, George, 1945 Yosemite Road, Berkeley, Calif.

’35 Bohart, Richard M., Dept, of Ent., Univ. of Calif, at Los

Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.

’36 Boyer, L. B., 1490 22nd Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

’07 Bradley, J. C., Ent. Dept., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.

’40 Brereton, A. W., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

'39 Brookman, Bernard, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’23 Cain, Brighton C., P. O. Box 796, Oakland, Calif.

*21 Campbell, R. E., P. O. Box 297, Alhambra, Calif.

’35 Cazier, Mont A., 779 Peralta, Berkeley, Calif.

’20 Chamberlin, J. C., Box 278, Forest Grove, Ore.

’40 Christenson, L. D., 1583 D St., San Bernardino, Calif.

’19 Cole, Frank E., 925 W. Highland Ave., Redlands, Calif.

’23 Comstock, John A., Los Angeles Mus., Exposition Park, Los

Angeles, Calif.

’39 Cope, Oliver B., Nat. Hist. Mus., Stanford Univ., Calif.

Ch. Cottle, James E., 513 B St., Hayward, Calif.

’39 Dahl, Richard G., 5061 Congress Ave., Oakland, Calif.

’24 Davis, A. C., Bur. of Ent., Beltsville Res. Center, Beltsville, Md.

’36 De Bach, Paul, Citrus Exp. Station, Riverside, Calif.

’35 De Leon, Donald, 210 Forestry Bldg., Ft. Collins, Colorado.

’36 Dickson, R. C., 4474 Elmwood Court, Riverside, Calif.

’19 Dietrich, Henry, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, N. Y.

’37 Downes, Anthony, 120 Pepys Road, Wimbledon, London S. W.

20, England.

’37 Du Bois, J. J., 205 Wayside Drive, Turlock, Calif.

’20 Duncan, Carl D., Box 4, Stanford Univ., Calif.

’02 Eastwood, Alice, Botany Dept., Calif. Acad. Sci., San Fran-

cisco, Calif. (HonM ’12).

Ch. Ehrhorn, Edw. M., c/o Bishop Museum, Honolulu, T. H.

’36 Embury, M. A., Univ. Farm, Davis, Calif.

*Ch — Charter member ( 1901 ) .

LM — Life member.

HM — Honored member.

HonM — Honorary member.

JANUARY, 1941]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

T 14 Essig, E. 0., 201 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.

’36 Ferguson, George, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio.

’19 Ferris, G. F., Nat. Hist. Mus., Stanford Univ., Calif.

’40 Frazier, Norman, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’25 Freeborn, S. B., Giannini Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.

’32 Furniss, R. L., 445 U. S. Court House, Portland, Ore.

’40 Furry, F. W., 947 Nordica Drive, Los Angeles, Calif.

’38 Good, N. E., U. S. Public Health Service, 14th Ave. and Lake

St., San Francisco, Calif.

’32 Gressitt, J. Linsley, Lingnan Univ., Canton, China.

’03 Grinnell, Fordyce, 179 Upper Crescent, Sausalito, Calif.

’24 Hadden, F. C., Midway Island, Pacific Ocean (LM’30).

’39 Hagen, Kenneth S., 1313 54th Ave., Oakland, Calif.

’35 Harvey, Paul, S. F. State Teachers College, 124 Buchanan St.,

San Francisco, Calif.

’27 Heid, Graham, 1927 Talmadge St., Los Angeles, Calif.

’10 Herms, W. B., 2032 Del Norte St., Berkeley, Calif.

’01 Hopping, Ralph, Box 308, Vernon, B. C.

Ch. Howard, L. O., Bur. Ent., Washington, D. C. (HonM ’12).

’36 Jensen, D. D., 1583 D St., San Bernardino, Calif.

’39 Johnson, John W., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’27 Keen, F. P., 445 U. S. Court House, Portland, Ore.

’25 Keifer, H. H., 1112 Swanton Drive, Sacramento, Calif.

’40 Kelly, T. F., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.

’36 Kessel, Dr. and Mrs. E. L., 2326 Russell St., Berkeley, Calif.

’20 Kincaid, Trevor, Zool. Dept., Univ. Wash., Seattle, Wash.

’40 Kolber, M., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.

’32 Lange, W. Harry, Jr., 2205 Derby St., Berkeley, Calif.

T6 Leach, E. R., 217 Hillside Ave., Piedmont, Calif.

’36 Lester, Will, Box 225, Saratoga Ave., Santa Clara, Calif.

’34 Lindahl, J. C., Nat’l Park Service, Belmont, Montana.

’27 Linsley, E. Gorton, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’40 MacSwain, J. W., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’37 Maehler, K. L., No. 18 Morrill Apts., 2437 Shattuck Ave.,

Berkeley, Calif.

’35 Mallis, Arnold, Ent. Dept., Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, 405

Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.

’10 Mann, Wm. M., National Zoological Pk., Washington, D. C.

’19 Martin, J. O., 2617 Derby St., Berkeley, Calif.

’29 McClay, A. T., 1062 47th St., Sacramento, Calif.

’20 McCracken, Isabel, P. O. Box 1545, Stanford Univ., Calif.

’40 MacLeod G. F., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.

’31 Mead, Albert R., Dept, of Zoology, Univ. Farm, Davis, Calif.

’20 Melander, A. L., Biol. Dept., City College, New York, N. Y.

’33 Michelbacher, A. E., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berke-

ley, Calif.

’36 Michener, C. D., 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’38 Miller, Robert C., Calif. Acad, of Sci., Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, Calif.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII. NO. 1

’04 Moulton, Dudley, 35 Elwood St., Redwood City, Calif.

’23 Nast, Ernest H., 4112 24th St., San Francisco, Calif.

’20 Newcomer, E. J., Box 1291, Yakima, Washington.

Ch. Nunenmacher, F. W., 11 Arbor Drive, Piedmont, Calif.

’34 Parker, Frank H., Rt. 2, Box 195, Phoenix, Ariz.

’21 Pierce, W. D., Ent. Dept., L. A. County Mus., Los Angeles,

Calif.

’34 Platt, F. R., 524 N. Spring St., Los Angeles, Calif.

’39 Poff, Marjorie, 145 San Carlos, San Jose, Calif.

’36 Reeves, William, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’34 Reitzel, Josef, 342 Paris St., San Francico, Calif.

’36 Robinson, W. J., Salinas Junior College, Salinas, Calif.

’35 Ross, Edward S., Ent. Dept., Calif. Acad, of Sci., San Fran-

cisco, Calif.

’33 Salman, Kenneth A., 335 Giannini Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berke-

ley, Calif.

’38 Sampson, W. W., 156 S. 14th St., Richmond, Calif.

’31 Saylor, L. W., Biol. Survey, Washington, D. C.

’35 Scott, David B. Jr., 645 Alameda St., Altadena, Calif.

’38 Simonds, W. E., State Agric. Bldg., Embarcadero St., San

Francisco, Calif.

’35 Smith, Edgar & Arthur, 139 Vista Grande Ave., Daly City, Cal.

’39 Smith, Ernestine I., Rt. 1, Box 718 A, Palo Alto, Calif.

’38 Stahler, Nathan, 112 Agric. Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’27 Steinweden, John B., Bur. of Nursery Service, State Office

Bldg., Sacramento, Calif.

’35 Stewart, M. A., Ent. Dept., Univ. Farm, Davis, Calif.

’27 Struble, G. R., 335 Giannini Hall, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

’21 Tanner, V. M., Biol. Dept., Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah.

’39 Tilden, J. W., Rt. 1, Box 710, Santa Cruz, Calif.

’36 Timber lake, P. H., Citrus Exp. Station, Riverside, Calif.

’33 Ting, Peter C., Div. of Insect Identification, Bur. of Ent. and

Plant Quarantine, Washington, D. C.

’35 Upholt, W. M., Dept, of Zoology and Ent., Clemson Agric.

College, Clemson, S. C.

’27 Usinger, Robert L., University Farm, Davis, Calif.

Ch. Van Dyke, E. C., Ent. Dept. Calif. Acad, of Sci., San Fran-

cisco, Calif. (HM’39).

’35 Von Bloeker, Jack C., Los Angeles Mus., Exposition Park, Los

Angeles, Calif.

’32 Walker, Bert C., 660 Ocean Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

’25 Walther, Eric, Arboretum, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

’38 Wheeler, Willis H., Bur. of Ent. and Plant Quarantine, Agric.

Bldg., Embarcadero St., San Francisco, Calif.

’36 White, B. E., 703 23rd St., Merced, Calif.

’38 Whitney, Ruth C., 5907 N. E. Cleveland Ave., Portland, Ore.

’04 Williams, F. X., H. S. P. A. Exp. Station, Honolulu, T. H.

’30 Zimmerman, E. C., B. P. Bishop Mus., Honolulu, T. H.

REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA

An International Review of Entomology

An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ

BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo-

tropical fauna.

The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of

pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W.

Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa

Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, I. D.

Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic

and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna.

Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers).

All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale;

price of each volume 4 U. S. dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S.

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Subscriptions should be sent to the Editor: Thomaz Borgmeier,

O.F.M., Convento S. Antonio, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

California Academy of Sciences

Entomology Department

San Francisco, California

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages,

including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the

treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the

early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip-

tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs,

Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van

Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the

Society’s Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes

1 and 2 as above, $5.00.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Complete sets are still available at original prices. Volumes

1 to 16, 1924 to date, $32.00. Single copies are priced at 50 cents.

A few papers from early volumes are available separately. Price

sent upon application.

ERIC M. FISHER

Vol. XVII April, 1941 No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

USINGER, NEOTROPICAL TRIATOMIN JE 49

BOHART, R. M., YELLOW JACKETS VERSUS CAMPERS 68

DREWS, APHID IDiE OF NEVADA 69

BARR, DISTRIBUTION OF ACMiEODERA 62

REEVES, ORTHOPODOMYIA IN CALIFORNIA 69

ESSIG, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ENTOMOLOGICAL

SOCIETY AND ENTOMOLOGIST’S DAILY POST CARD 73

ZIMMERMAN, TRIGONOPTERUS IN THE CAROLINE ISLANDS 74

BROOKMAN, A NEW CALIFORNIAN STENOPOGON 78

AITKEN, A NEW AMERICAN AfiDES 81

OBITUARY 84

WOOD, DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS OF CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS 85

BOHART, G. E., OVIPOSITION OF CONOPIDS ON ANDRENID BEES 95

BOHART, G. E„ AND STAHLER, WINTER COLLECTING IN MEXICO 96

San Francisco, California

1941

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

EDITORIAL BOARD

E. S. Ross R. L. Usincer E. C. Van Dyke

Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editor

G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley

Treasurer

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society

Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic

and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up

to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and

distribution.

Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should

be addressed to the editor, R. L. Usinger, University of California Col-

lege of Agriculture, Davis, California. All communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies,

and all financial communications should be addressed to the assistant

editor, E. S. Ross, or the treasurer, E. R. Leach, at the California Acad-

emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge.

Additional copies will be reprinted at cost of publication, if a request

is received when proof is returned.

Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.50 per year in advance. Price

for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist.”

INSECT BOXES

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with sides of box and cover

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top, bottom and shoulders

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Inside dimensions:

1 2 %x 8 : * 4 x 2 % inches.

Prices:

60 cents each.

Lots of one dozen, 50 cents

each.

With Masonite bottom, 15

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Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol XVII No. 2 April, 1941

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEOTROPICAL

TRIATOMIN^E

(Hemiptera, Reduviidaa)

BY ROBERT L. USINGER

University of California, Davis

Since the appearance of a preliminary paper (Usinger, 1939)

on blood sucking bugs of the subfamily Triatominae, many addi-

tional notes and specimens have come to hand. Most of this

material has been received through the generous cooperation

of Messrs. H. G. Barber, E. Brumpt, S. C. Bruner, Luis Mazzotti,

and S. F. Wood. To all of these, I wish to express my apprecia-

tion and thanks.

Bolbodera scabrosa Valdes

Bolbadea leabrusa Valdes Ragues, Anal. Acad. Cien. Med., Fis.

Nat. Habana, 46:435, 1910. Error of transcription.

Bolbodera scabrosa Valdes Ragues, Cat. Mus. Cub. “Gundlach,”

p. 101, 1914.

Bolbodera scabrosa Uhler, MS., Bruner and Fracker, Ann. Ent.

Soc. Am., 19:247-249, fig. 1, 1926.

Callotriatoma cubana Usinger, Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent., 7:33-56,

1 plate, 1939.

Mr. H. G. Barber has kindly called my attention to the

description of Bolbodera scabrosa. This name was unfortunately

omitted from the list of Neiva and Lent (1936) and all other

accounts of this subfamily and was listed in the Zoological

Record without comment as to its systematic position. Although

I have not compared the type of Bolbodera scabrosa with Cal-

lotriatoma cubana , it seems certain that the two are identical.

Hence the name Bolbodera should be substituted in my key to

genera (1939).

The situation is even more complicated as indicated by Mr.

S. C. Bruner who writes, “The description and figures were made

from an old faded specimen (evidently a female) in a sealed

glass-topped box in the Gundlach collection, Havana ... I have

learned since our article appeared that one Dr. Pedro Valdes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VO L. XVII NO. 2

Ragues in the year 1910 published a paper entitled ‘Clasi-

ficacion Gundlach de Hemipteros Cubanos, Conforme a los

Ejemplares que existen en el Museo del Instituto de 2 a Ensenanza

de la Habana’ (pp. 425 to 446, Anales, Academia Ciencias

Med., Fisicas y Naturales de la Habana, Tomo XLVI, Febrero,

1910) . It is one of the most remarkable contributions I know

of; scarcely a name is written as originally intended. Never-

theless, this so-called ‘Gundlach Classification’ exists, although

Gundlach really wrote the labels correctly in German style script,

following determinations made by Uhler in most cases ... In

describing Bolbodera scabrosa we unfortunately adopted Uhler’s

manuscript name. Now this appears in the Valdes paper (page

435) as follows (exact) : ‘Bolbadea leabrusa 8 mm. algo ancho

rojizo . . . 385.’ The number is printed, so this is right.” Met-

calf (1936) treats the names of Valdes in the Fulgoroidea as

nomina nuda but Bruner and Barber (1937) follow a strict in-

terpretation of the rules for it is perfectly obvious that the

remarks of Valdes, however brief, still constitute a description.

The present case is further complicated because of the “error

of transcription” of Gundlach’s German script. However, we

know the correct orthography of Uhler’s manuscript name from

several sources and Valdes himself spells the name correctly

in a subsequent publication (1914) as indicated in synonymy

above. I am further indebted to Mr. Bruner for copying por-

tions of this 1914 paper for me.

Dimidi at a Group

For many years the status of Conorhinus maculipennis Stal

(1859) has remained in doubt because of Champion’s misidenti-

fication of dimidiata (1899). Basing his conclusions entirely

upon the extent of the corial markings, Champion considered

Mexican specimens with only a small discal spot on the corium

as typical dimidiata. Specimens from the same locality (Temax,

Yucatan) with more extensive corial markings were designated

as variety a with maculipennis as a synonym, while a single

female from the same locality with the corium dark except on

the “outer margin at the base and a space along the middle of

the apical margin” was called variety b. Actually this varia-

tion approaches a continuum in the fine series before me col-

lected, for the most part, by Dr. Luis Mazzotti. Moreover, this

APRIL, 1941]

USINGER- — TRJATOMINiE

entire series of Mexican specimens is smaller in size, 24% to

28% mm., than “typical” dimidiota from farther south.

Dimidiata Latreille (1827) was described from Peru and speci-

mens before me from Costa Rica and Panama agree with La-

treille’s description and figure. The length varies from 29 to

33 mm. and the head is often proportionately longer than in

maculipennis. Stal called attention to these differences in 1859

and the extensive material which has come to light since that

time indicates clearly that we are dealing at least with a geo-

graphically distinct subspecies.

Two other species of the dimidiata group have recently been

discovered, both with ranges of distribution continuous with the

widespread Central American and northern South American

dimidiata. One of these, hegneri, was recently described by

Mazzotti (1940) while the other is described below. The fol-

lowing key will aid in identifying members of the dimidiata

group.

Key to the Species of the Dimidiata Group

1. Corium and connexivum in great part black, the corium in-

fuscated basally as well as at middle and at apex and the

connexivum pale only narrowly laterally in the region of

posterior angles. Clavus at least obscurely infuscated even

on apical half. Mexico hegneri Mazzotti

-. Corium and connexivum at least one-half yellow or orange-

yellow, the base of the corium and apical half of the clavus

always pale and immaculate. Connexivum yellow with more

or less extensive black spots on antero-lateral portion of each

segment 2

2. Head over twice as long 1 as wide across the eyes, 113:: 50;

the eyes small, one-half to two-thirds as wide as interocular

space; humeri distinctly angulately produced, subrounded at

apices. Length 31 to 33 mm. Colombia capitata n. sp.

Head length subequal to, or shorter than, twice the width

across eyes; eyes wider, four-fifths the width of interocular

space or nearly equal to width of interocular space; humeri

scarcely produced, distinctly rounded. Length 24 % to 33

mm 3

3. Head subequal in length to twice the width across eyes.

Length 29 to 33 mm. Costa Rica, Panama, and south-

ward dimidiata (Latr.)

Head usually shorter than twice the width across eyes. Size

smaller, 24% to 28 mm. Mexico maculipennis (Stal)

1 The length of the head is measured from extreme apex to, but not includ-

ing, constricted neck region.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVII NO. 2

Triatoma capitata Usinger, new species

A large, relatively pale form with longer, more slender head,

smaller eyes, and sharper humeral angles.

Head over twice as long (excluding constricted neck region)

as broad across the eyes, 113 : : 50 ; tylus narrowed anteriorly,

broad and bulbous on basal half, with a broad depression at

extreme base; juga scarcely attaining level of apices of antenni-

ferous tubercles; lora not quite reaching apex of tylus; upper

surface transversely rugose along the middle and punctate

throughout, moderately elevated posteriorly; eyes one-third longer

than postocular length of head to posterior constriction, 24:: 19,

about half as wide as interocular space, 12 : : 25 ; ocellar yoke

located at extreme base of head just in front of constricted neck

region; anteocular portion of head three and one-half times as

long as postocular portion, 70 :: 19. Antennae inserted near middle

of anteocular area, the ratio of distance from, eyes to apex of

antenniferous tubercles : : distance from antenniferous tubercles

to apex of head as 33 : :37 ; first antennal segment reaching three-

fourths of the distance to apex of head; proportion of segments

one to three as 28:92:75, the fourth segment missing. Rostrum

two-thirds as wide at apex of first segment as thickness of front

femora at middle; proportion of segments one to three as 45:71:21;

long hairs confined to apical segments. Pronotum about four-

fifths as long on median line as total head length including neck

region, 105:: 130; nearly half again as broad across humeral

angles as long, 152:: 105; disk with anterior spines much as in

dimidiata ; humeral angles rather strongly produced and a little

elevated or reflexed, apices rounded. Scutellum as in dimidiata

but with anterior discal elevations more prominent, rounded.

Hemelytra scarcely reaching tip of abdomen, two-sevenths broader

at level of apices of coria than across base of coria, leaving an

expanse of connexivum exposed on either side about one-sixth

the greatest width across hemelytra; hemelytral surface nearly

naked, with only a few very small and inconspicuous subappressed

hairs. Connexivum likewise nearly glabrous but with a scattering

of short, black, appressed hairs along lateral margins. Under

surface much as in dimidiata but with the thorax less highly

polished and the abdomen with sparser and slightly shorter hairs

and less strongly flattened venter.

Color yellow and black, the hemelytra with black on basal

third of clavus, a very small spot at middle of corium, and nar-

rowly on apex of corium. Membrane dark fuscous. Connexivum

black across basal third of each segment above and beneath, these

black areas posteriorly widened medially. Edges of ventral

abdominal plates yellowish to the spiracles and beyond them in

front and behind. Elsewhere black except for paler third antennal

segment, joints of legs, tarsi, and apical rostral segment which

are lighter.

APRIL, 1941]

USINGER — TRIATOMINiE

Size, male, length 31 mm., width (pronotum) 7% mm., (con-

nexivum) 10% mm.; female, length 33 mm., width (pronotum)

7% mm., (connexivum) 12 mm.

Collected at Miraflores (Boyaca), altitude 1450 m. (type

locality) ; Malaga (Santander) altitude 2250 m. ; Soata (Boyaca)

altitude 2050 m. ; and Toledo (Santander) altitude 1650 m.,

all in Colombia, S. A., and sent to me by Dr. E. Brumpt who

is rearing the species at the Laboratoire de Parasitologie de la

Faculte de Medecine de Paris. The female holotype is deposited

as No. 5117, in the California Academy of Sciences. The male

allotype is in my own collection.

Phyllosoma Group

The group of Triatominae included in the genus Meccus Stal

(type phyllosoma Burm.) proves to be less isolated than orig-

inally supposed and hence has correctly been relegated to

synonymy. In the future the still more restricted group of

species, excluding the recently rediscovered mexicanus H. S.

(Mazzotti, 1940c), may best be referred to as the “phyllosoma

group.” This typically Mexican group has remained in the

utmost confusion until recently because of the difficulty in identi-

fying Burmeister’s species and because of the tendency to lump

everything under the single name, phyllosoma. Thanks to the

assiduous field work and careful laboratory breeding done by

Dr. Mazzotti a more rational picture has gradually emerged. It

now appears that my Triatoma picturata, recently confused by

various persons with longipennis, phyllosoma , and pallidi pennis,

is an extremely variable species as regards color pattern, some

specimens having an entirely black pronotum instead of the

typical pale posterior lobe while the orange markings of the

connexivum vary greatly in extent. Members of the phyllosoma

group may be distinguished from the other large (over 24 mm.

in length) North and Central American Triatomas by their

longer first antennal segment which reaches or surpasses level

of apex of tylus and by the distinct curved black hairs which

are either appressed or erect on the corium and which may be

short and scale-like and scarcely as long as the interspaces be-

tween hairs or may be long and erect, reaching % mm. in

length. The various species may be separated upon a sound

morphological basis as follows.

the pan-pacific entomologist

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

Key to the Species of the Phyllosoma Group

1. Upper surface clothed with relatively short hairs, those of

the corium less than one-third mm. in length, curved and

appressed and shorter or about as long as the interspaces

between hairs 2

-. Upper surface clothed with long, erect or suberect, slightly

curved black hairs, those of the corium about one-half mm.

long, much longer than the interspaces between hairs 4

2. Abdominal venter and metasternum clothed with short, sub-

appressed brown hairs; with long, black, backwardly directed

hairs confined to the mesostemum. Venedio, Mazatlan

longipennis Usinger

-. Abdominal venter and meso- and metasternum clothed with

backwardly directed, slightly curved hairs, many of which

are over one-half mm. in length 3

3. Membranous apical half of clavus and most of corium white,

the base of the corium tinged with orange and the base of

clavus and narrow apex of corium black. Guerrero, Colima,

Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Mexico (Distrito Federal)

pallidipennis ( Stal )

-. Membranous apical half of clavus black. Corium black with

very broad orange areas basally and subapically. Nayarit,

Jalisco, Colima pictwrata Usinger

4. Hemelytra short, not exceeding fifth visible abdominal ter-

gite. Orange connexival markings confined to posterior third

or fourth of each segment and reaching lateral margins only

at postero-lateral angles. Juchitan and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca

phyllosoma (Burm.)

-. Hemelytra longer, reaching at least to middle of sixth abdomi-

nal tergite and sometimes exceeding tip of abdomen. Orange

connexival markings occupying one-third to one-half of the

posterior portion of each segment, including lateral margins.

Pinotepa Nacional, Collantes, Tututepec and Alacranes, all

in Oaxaca mazzottii n. sp.

Triatoma mazzottii Usinger, new species

A large orange and black species with strongly dilated con-

nexivum, with much of the body covered by fine erect or back-

wardly directed black hairs which are much longer than inter-

spaces between the hairs (% mm. in some cases), and with the

hemelytra nearly reaching or even surpassing the tip of abdomen.

Head nearly two and one-half times as long (excluding con-

stricted neck region) as broad across eyes, 120: :51; tylus taper-

ing apically but only slightly enlarged near base, the head broadly,

transversely depressed at the base of tylus; juga short, scarcely

reaching level of apices of antenniferous tubercles; lora reaching

APRIL, 1941]

USIN GER — TRIAT0MINA3

almost to tip of tylus; upper surface with a longitudinal row of

transverse wrinkles and with moderately long, subappressed,

curved, black hairs in front of eyes and much longer, suberect

hairs posteriorly; the surface gradually elevated posteriorly and

then depressed behind the eyes to ocelli; eyes only slightly longer

than postocular length of head to posterior constriction, 24:: 22,

and less than two-thirds as wide as interocular space, 14:: 22;

ocellar yoke at posterior constriction of head but the ocelli ex-

tending well forward to the middle of postocular portion of head;

anteocular portion of head three and one-half times as long as

postocular portion, 75::21. Antennse inserted exactly midway

between the eyes and apex of head, the apices of antenniferous

tubercles reaching just halfway from front margin of eyes to apex

of head; first segment reaching beyond tip of tylus to extreme apex

of head, second segment three times as long as first, 114::37,

remaining segments broken off; first two antennal segments

clothed with stiff black, moderately long, apically directed, sub-

appressed hairs, without long erect hairs. Rosto'um about two-

thirds as wide at apex of first segment as front femur at middle,

11 : : 18 ; proportion of segments one to three as 45:74:21. Pronotum

(on median line) about one-seventh shorter than total length of

head, 112:: 132; less than half again as broad across humeral

angles as long, 162:: 112; constricted at middle to one-half the

width across humeral angles, 82:: 162, then swollen on anterior

lobe, the greatest width across lateral tubercles one-eighth greater

than across constriction, 90 : : 82 ; anterior collar strongly de-

pressed and flattened, constricted behind to about one-half the

greatest width of anterior lobe, 47:: 90, and then strongly antero-

laterally produced as blunt spines, the total width across which

is one-fourth greater than at the constriction of the collar; disk

with very large, smooth wrinkles, with two stout, subacute spines

in front of the middle of anterior lobe; sparsely clothed with

exceedingly long, erect black hairs. Scutellum one-fourth longer

than broad at base, 83:: 65; three-fourths as long as pronotum on

median line, 83:: 112; apical spine scarcely elevated posteriorly

and bluntly rounded at tip. Hemelytra long, reaching to apical

third of last dorsal abdominal segment; only moderately widened

posteriorly when at rest, one-fifth broader across widest point, a

little before level of apices of coria, than at narrowest point just

behind bases of coria, 170:: 143; clavus on basal half and corium

throughout sparsely clothed with erect, slightly curved, black hairs

which are well over one-half millimeter in length. Connexivum

very broadly dilated, the abdomen appearing suboval in outline;

broadly exposed, almost two-thirds broader than greatest width

across folded hemelytra, 276:: 170; naked above and beneath ex-

cept for very short, appressed, black hairs along lateral margins.

Under surface highly polished and clothed with fine long back-

wardly directed hairs; mesosternum with a transverse, arcuate

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII NO. 2

elevation with its concave side directed posteriorly and sharply

depressed; abdominal venter smoothly rounded or roundly flat-

tened. Legs with shorter hairs than on most of the body, the

femora with a pair of blunt spines subapically.

Color uniformly black with orange-yellow basally and sub-

apically on the coria and on the basal half of each connexival seg-

ment extending slightly onto abdominal tergites and ventrites.

Constricted neck region, apex of rostrum, tarsi, joints of legs, and

probably last two antennal segments fulvous or paler.

Size, male, length 34 mm., width (pronotum) 8 mm. (connexi-

vum) 14 mm.; female, length 35 mm., width (pronotum) 7% mm.

(connexivum) 14 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5118, C. A. S., Ent., allotype, female,

No. 5119, C. A. S., Ent., and three male paratypes, Tututepec,

Oaxaca, Mexico, Luis Mazzotti collector. Other specimens from

the type locality and Pinotepa Nacional, Collantes, and Ala-

cranes, Oaxaca, are in the collection of Dr. Mazzotti, to whom

this species is gratefully dedicated in appreciation of his out-

standing work on the Triatominae of Mexico.

One of the male paratypes is somewhat smaller (length 31

mm., width of pronotum 6% mm., of connexivum 12 mm.) with

the membrane exceeding tip of abdomen by about one-fourth the

length of last abdominal segment.

Mazzottii is closest to the true phyllosoma (Burm.) of which

Burmeister (1835) said “Flugeldecken viel schmaler und kurzer

der fast kreisrunde, zeimlichdicke Hinterleib.” Phyllosoma dif-

fers in having a smaller pronotum, shorter hemelytra, and less

extensive orange markings. Moreover, it is geographically iso-

lated for Dr. Mazzotti writes, “I have collected it only in Juchi-

tan, and Tehuantepec, Oax., localities of the Pacific coast of the

Tehuantepec Isthmus. At the West of the Isthmus the coast

advances into the ocean, and all that coast until the limits of the

State of Guerrero is denominated ‘Costa Chica de Oaxaca.’ In

that coast and very distant from the Isthmus, at Pinotepa Na-

cional, Oax., Collantes, Oax., Tututepec, Oax., Olacranes, Oax.,

etc., I have collected exclusively the long wing variety; I have

never found this species at the Isthmus (Juchitan and Tehuante-

pec).” Since writing the above Dr. Mazzotti has received three

more specimens of the true phyllosoma, this time from Toto-

capan “in the middle of the state to the South East from the city

of Oaxaca.” A map showing the distribution of these species is

given by Mazzotti (1940a). His symbol indicating the phyllos-

APRIL, 1941]

USINGER — TRIATOMINiE

oma with ( alas cortas ) is the true phyllosoma. It is possible that

mazzottii may prove to be only a subspecies of phyllosoma but

any further conclusions regarding its status must await breeding

work in progress in the laboratory of Dr. Mazzotti.

References

Bruner, S. C. and S. B. Fracker. 1926. Notes on Cuban Reduviidse.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 19:247-249, fig. 1.

Bruner, S. C. and H. G. Barber. 1937. Additional notes on Cuban

Reduviidas. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 11:181-190.

Burmeister, H. 1835. Handbuch der Entomologie. Berlin. 2:246.

Champion, G. C. 1899. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhynchota.

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, 2:206-207, Tab. XII, figs. 20 and 21.

Latreille, M. 1827. Voyage de Mm. Alex, de Humboldt et Aime

Bonpland. Recueil d ’Observations de Zoologie et d’Anatomie

Comparee. Treizieme Livraison. IX. Insectes de l’Amerique

Equinoxiale, pp. 197-283, pis. XV-XVIII.

Mazzotti, Luis. 1940a. Triatomideos de Mexico y su infeccion natu-

ral por Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. Revista Medicina de

Mexico, 20:95-109, 2 plates, 4 charts.

1940b. Una nueva especie de Triatoma en Mexico. Ciencia.

Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas.

1:22-23, 1 fig.

1940c. Una especie rara de Triatoma. Triatoma mexicana. (H.

Schaeffer, 1848). Revista Medicina de Mexico, 20:127-131, 1

figure.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1936. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Smith

College. Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea. Part 2. Cixiidae. pp. 138 and

141.

Neiva, A. and H. Lent. 1936. Notas e commentaries sobre Triato-

mideos. Lista de especies e sua distribuigao geographico. Rev.

de Ent., Brazil, 6:153-190.

Stal, C. 1859. Monographic der Gattung Conorhinus und Ver-

wandten. Berl. Ent. Ztschr, 3:99-117, Tab. VI.

Usinger, R. L. 1939. Descriptions of new Triatominse with a Key

to Genera. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent., 7:33-56, 1 plate.

Valdes Ragues, Pedro. 1910. Clasificacion Gundlach de Hemi-

pteros Cubanos, Conforme a los Ejemplares que existen en el

Museo del Instituto de 2 a Ensenanza de la Habana. Anales de

la Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas y Naturales de la

Habana. Revista Cientifica. Tomo XLVI, pp. 425-446 (re-

print, p. 205) .

1914. Catalogo General. Museo Cubano “Gundlach.” Instituto

de Segunda Ensenanza de la Habana, Zoologia. Familia Redu-

vini, pp. 100-102. Imprenta “Cuba Intelectual.” Santo Tomas,

30, Cerro.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII NO. 2

YELLOWJACKETS VERSUS CAMPERS

BY R. M. BOHART

University of California at Los Angeles

Vespula pennsylvanica (Saussure), a common western yel-

lowjacket, was encountered in unusually large numbers this sum-

mer in the California Sierra and in other mountainous regions

as far south as San Diego County. Reports from Lake Tahoe,

Mammoth Lakes, Tuolumne Meadows, Kennedy Meadows (near

Sonora Pass), Huntington Lake, Giant Forest, Mineral King,

resorts on Mt. San Bernardino, and several points in the moun-

tains of San Diego County indicate that this insect was the source

of great annoyance to campers in July and August, far exceeding

that of mosquitoes or other flies. According to quarantine officers

stationed at Lake Tahoe, people moved from public camps at the

north end of the lake “en masse” because of numerous stings

and the necessity of having to compete with wasps for every

mouthful of food eaten. Yellowjackets continuously feed their

young with raw meat in the form of caterpillars, bits of dead fish

washed up on lake and stream margins, or steaks from the dinner

table. In hot weather thirst drives the adults to any place where

water has been spilled and to the wet sand of bathing beaches.

It was here that their presence resulted in annoyance to bathers

and fishermen.

The number of persons stung was mostly limited to cases

where the wasps were hit or squashed. Stings often resulted in

painful swellings several inches across and inflamed at the center.

The pain usually subsided after an hour or less and was followed

by itching.

Fly spray guns were in great demand among campers, and

local stores were early sold out. However, permanent relief was

achieved only by destruction of the nests which were to be found

under root arches, decomposing logs, and boulders. At Lake

Tahoe this was safely accomplished by approaching the nest at

night, dousing it with kerosene, and covering the area quickly

and liberally with dirt.

The explanation for the unprecedented abundance of yellow-

jackets is purely a matter for conjecture, but the relatively mild

winter and early spring may have been partially responsible. It

is a good guess that with a normal winter this year the yellow-

jacket plague will become merely a matter of history and the

mosquitoes will again come into their own.

APRIL, 1941]

DREWS — APHID IDiE OF NEVADA

APHID ID7E OF NEVADA WITH A NEW GENUS AND

SPECIES

BY E. A. DREWS

University of California, Berkeley

This paper is the second dealing with aphids occurring in

Nevada. Unless otherwise indicated the species were collected

by the author. The writer is indebted to Professors E. 0. Essig

and M. A. Palmer for aid in determinations. Mr. W. W. Samp-

son gave considerable aid in description of the first instar of the

new genus.

Aphis cerasifolice Fitch. On Prunus demissa (Nutt.) at Reno,

Nevada, October 20, 1939.

Aphis lutescens Monell. On Asclepias at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Aphis helianti Monell. On Asclepias at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Aphis medicaginis Koch. On Vicia at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Aphis rumicis Linnaeus. On nettle at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Aphis varians Patch. On Ribes leaves at Idlewild Park, Reno,

Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Capitophorus potentillce (Walker) . On rose at Overton,

Nevada, June, 1935. (Knowlton & Smith, p. 151, 1937).

Capitophorus rosarum (Walker). On wild rose at Welling-

ton, Nevada, October 19, 1939.

Capitophorus xanthii (Oest). On Xanthium canadensis at

Overton, Nevada, June, 1935. (Knowlton & Smith, p. 151, 1937).

Cinara engelmenniensis (Gillette & Palmer). On Abies at

Genoa, Nevada, July 20, 1939.

Epameibaphis utahensis Knowlton & Smith. On Artemisia

tridentata at Centerville, Nevada, September, 1939.

Mucrotrichaphis toti Knowlton & Allen. On Artemisia at

Elko, Nevada, July 1, 1939. (Knowlton & Allen, p. 33, 1940).

Periphyllus utahensis (Knowlton) . On Salix at Wellington,

Nevada, October 19, 1939.

Phorodon menthce (Buckton). On mint at Idlewild Park,

Reno, Nevada, October 21, 1939.

Schizolachnus pini-radiata (Davidson) . On pine at Center-

ville, Nevada, July 20, 1939.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVII NO. 2

Nevadaphis Drews, new genus

Apterous viviparous female. Front rounded; antennae six-

segmented, shorter than body, spur of VI about as long as base,

or longer. Eye with reduced number of facets and with ocular

tubercle large. Rostrum shorter than body. Cornicles very short,

cylindrical, rims absent. Cauda apparently ovate and with long

hairs, longer than length of cornicle.

First instar nymph. Antennae four-segmented, shorter than

body, a few prominent hairs, spur slightly longer than base,

distal segment narrowly elongate, conical with sensoria forming

a rosette with one large and five or six smaller ones. Eyes with

reduced number of facets and with ocular tubercle large. Rostrum

acute, nearly as long as body, apical segment very slender and

long, remaining segments with a few prominent hairs. Cornicles

very short, rimless, bases slightly narrower than tip. Cauda

broadly rounded, wider than long, with two to four long hairs.

Distal tarsal segment with four or five bristles longer than width

of segment bearing them; proximal segment with two setae on

the top of the segment nearly as long as length of inner side.

This first instar approaches none of those that are known from

the Pacific Coast.

Genotype: Nevadaphis sampsoni Drews, new species.

In Nevsky’s (1928, p. 4) key to the genera, Nevadaphis keys

out to Xerobion and Xerophilaphis but fits neither genus. It

differs from Xerobion in that no flocculent wool was evident, the

cuticle is not markedly sculptured with hexagonal reticulations,

the cornicles are cylindrical, not truncate, the cauda is longer,

not shorter than cornicles, and ovate not bluntly-conical. It dif-

fers from Xerophilaphis in that no fine pruinose matter was evi-

dent, the cornicles are rimless, the cuticle is not plainly hexa-

gonally reticulated, and the unguis of VI is about as long as

base or longer.

Nevadaphis sampsoni Drews, new species

Apterous viviparous female. Body ovate but with head and

thorax smaller than abdomen; color a dirty yellow to reddish-

brown, often mottled; all hairs inconspicuous. Front of head

rounded, without frontal tubercles; antennae reaching just be-

yond third coxae, secondary sensoria not present, a few simple

hairs present, III generally shorter than IV or V, VI duskier than

other segments. Eyes with reduced number of facets, ocular

tubercle taking up about one-third of entire area of eye. Rostrum

acute, reaching beyond third coxae, with numerous long hairs

arranged in two rows along its length. Lateral thoracic and

abdominal tubercles present. Cornicles cylindrical, base usually

APRIL, 1941]

DREWS — APHIDIDA3 OF NEVADA

narrower than tip but at times slightly wider, about half as long

as cauda, at times with one or two long hairs arising from basal

area of cornicle. Cauda broadly ovate and with some hairs,

usually about one-fourth the length of cauda. The following

measurements are given in mm. Body: width 1.32, length 1.88.

Appendages: antennal segments, I .067, II .063, III .180, IV .230,

V .220, VI base .153, spur .167, rostrum .705, hind tarsi .118 (less

claws), tibia .564.

Figure 1. Nevadaphis sampsoni Drews, new species, a. antenna,

b. rostrum, c. and g. cornicle, d. cauda, e. cornicle of first instar

nymph, f. eye.

Segment III varies from shorter than IV to one-fifth longer

than IV. V also ranges from shorter to one-tenth longer than

IV. In the illustrations the two groups of figures a-d and e-g

are drawn to different scales. All illustrations except f are of

the apterous viviparous female.

Type, No. 4678, C.A.S., Ent. and paratypes in the collections

of E. O. Essig, W. W. Sampson and the author, collected during

September, 1939, and again on October 20, 1939, at Topaz

Lake, Douglas County, Nevada, at an elevation of 5000 feet.

Collected rarely on the roots of Artemisia tridentata but

abundant when present, feeding from the surface of the ground

down to a depth of ten inches or more; sometimes attended by

small ants. Although observed over a month previous to the

date of collection, there was no evidence of sexual or alate forms.

References

Knowlton, G. F. and C. F. Smith. 1937. Some Aphids of the Genus

Capitophorus. Canadian Entomologist, 59:150-152.

Knowlton, G. F. and M. W. Allen. 1940. Five Mucrotrichaphis

Aphids. Ohio Journal of Science, 40(l):31-35.

Nevsky, V. P. 1928. The Plant-lice of Middle-Asia II. Acta, Uni-

versitatis Asiae Mediae Series VUI-a. Zoologia, Fasc. 3, pp.

1-32.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES AND NEW RECORDS OF

ACM7EODERA

(Coleoptera, Buprestidas)

BY WILLIAM F. BARR

Oakland , California

During a recent collecting trip to southern California and

southwestern Arizona made by R. G. Dahl, K. S. Hagen and the

writer, a number of uncommon Acmceodera were taken in previ-

ously unrecorded localities. Along with these distributional rec-

ords, host data, which should prove valuable for future collectors,

were recorded. The writer would like to express his appreciation

to Mr. Mont A. Cazier for his assistance and criticism. Thanks

are also due to those who are mentioned as collectors of the

specimens for allowing the writer to compile these data.

Acmceodera sabincE Knull

Acmseodera sabinse Knull, 1937. Ent. News, 48:15-16.

This desirable little species was previously recorded by

Cazier 1 from Holtville, California. Since the Holtville specimen

was taken from an irrigation ditch, it seems desirable to record

additional captures and host plants for this species. Five speci-

mens were collected at San Luis, Yuma County, Arizona, June 15,

1940 (K. S. Hagen, R. G. Dahl and W. F. Barr), on Pluchea

sericea (Nutt.) ; one specimen from Gordon’s Well, Imperial

County, California, June 17, 1940 (W. F. Barr), swept from

Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa Jep.; and one specimen from

Yermo, San Bernardino County, California, June 9, 1940 (W. F.

Barr) on Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa Jep. The Yermo local-

ity extends the known distribution of the species northward by

about eighty miles and the California distribution (Holtville) by

about one hundred and sixty miles.

Acmceodera jaguarina Knull

Acmceodera jaguarina Knull, 1938, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 31(2):

135-136.

This species was described from a number of specimens, col-

lected at Yuma, Yuma County, Arizona, in June and August. Two

specimens were collected by the writer at San Luis, Yuma County,

Arizona, June 15, 1940, on dead Pluchea sericea (Nutt.). About

thirty specimens were collected at Thermal, Riverside County,

California, June 17, 1940 (K. S. Hagen, R. G. Dahl and W. F.

1 Cazier, M. A., 1940. Wasmann Collector, 4(1) :28.

APRIL, 1941]

BARR — ACMSEODERA

Barr), in the evening as they were flying to dead Prosopis

branches. This is the first record of the occurrence of this

recently described species in California.

Acmseodera hulli Knull

Acmseodera hulli Knull, 1928, Ent. News, 39:315.

Specimens of this species were collected for the first time in

California at Cedar Canyon, Providence Mountains, San Bernar-

dino County, California, June 10, 1940 (K. S. Hagen, R. G. Dahl

and W. F. Barr), on Prosopis. One specimen was collected by the

writer at Thermal, Riverside County, California, June 17, 1940,

on dead Prosopis. This species was described from New Mexico

and has also been collected in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico. The

California specimens show unusual variation in the number and

arrangement of the elytral maculations. Some specimens have

six isolated spots on each elytron, some seven, and others eight.

One specimen has the two subapical spots united longitudinally

and the two middle spots united transversely, forming elongate

spots.

Acmseodera pinalorum Knull

Acmseodera pinalorum Knull, 1930, Ent. News, 41:15-16.

This widely distributed Arizona species was collected for the

first time in California at Cedar Canyon, Providence Mountains,

San Bernardino County, California (K. S. Hagen, R. G. Dahl and

W. F. Barr). Seven specimens were taken on Prosopis.

Acmseodera vulturei Knull

Acmseodera vulturei Knull, 1938, Ent. News, 49:228.

This species was recorded by Knull from Elizabeth Lake, Los

Angeles County, California. Additional California records in-

clude: Pinon Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County,

California, May 24-26, 1939, and May 21, 1940 (B. Brookman,

E. G. Linsley, E. S. Ross and C. D. Michener), taken on Eriogo-

num fasciculatum Benth. and Kemville, Kern County, California,

June 7, 1940 (K. S. Hagen and W. F. Barr) . Three specimens

were taken on Quercus.

Acmseodera bivulnera Horn

Acmseodera bivulnera Horn, 1894, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) 4:371.

Ten specimens of this uncommon species were collected at

Ehrenberg, Yuma County, Arizona, June 14, 1940 (K. S. Hagen,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

R. G. Dahl and W. F. Barr). One specimen was taken on Larrea

tridentata var. glutinosa Jep. and the others on dead Pro so pis.

AcMJEODERA YUM.E Knull

Acmseodera yumse Knull, 1937, Ohio Jour. Sci., 37(5) : 301.

Additional localities and hosts for this desirable species in-

clude three specimens from San Luis, Yuma County, Arizona,

June 16, 1940 (W. F. Barr) taken on Larrea tridentata var.

glutinosa Jep. and Ephedra ; and five specimens from Gordon’s

Well, Imperial County, California, June 17, 1940 (R. G. Dahl

and K. S. Hagen), taken on Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa Jep.

and Ephedra.

Acmseodera fisheri Cazier

Acmseodera fisheri Cazier, 1940, Wasmann Collector, 4(1) : 19-20.

Since this species was described from a single specimen it

seems worth while to record its capture at Thermal, Riverside

County, California, June 17, 1940 (R. G. Dahl). One specimen

was taken on Pluchea sericea (Nutt.). This locality is about one

hundred and forty-five miles south of the type locality (Mojave).

On this specimen, the scales on the pronotum are confined to the

extreme lateral margins as compared to the type specimen which

has the scales extended on to the disk. The scaling of the under

surface is less dense than in the type specimen, but is neverthe-

less a dense felt-like tomentum. Also the punctuation of the pro-

notal disk is more evident and the elytral maculations are more

extensive and more irregular in the Thermal specimen.

Acmseodera purshise Fisher

Acmseodera purshise Fisher, 1926, Ent. News, 37:114-115.

The range of this already wide-spread Great Basin species was

further extended when it was collected at Pinon Flat, San Jacinto

Mountains, Riverside County, California, May 21, 1940 (E. V.

Stahl). A single specimen was collected on Juniperus. Previ-

ously the only southern locality was Bishop, Inyo Couty, Cali-

fornia (Fenyes collection). The Pinon Flat locality extends the

range southward by about two hundred and seventy miles.

Acmseodera inyoensis Cazier

Acmseodera inyoensis Cazier, 1940, Wasmann Collector, 4(1) :18-19.

Two collecting trips into Nevada have extended the distribu-

tion of this species into that state. Eleven specimens were taken

APRIL, 1941]

BARR — ACMiEODERA

in Kyle Canyon, Mount Charleston, Clark County, Nevada, May

23, 1940 (P. C. Ting, W. Reeves and M. A. Cazier) , on desert

mallow; two specimens were collected at Charleston Mountain

Park, Clark County, Nevada, 9,000 feet, June 21, 1940 (R. M.

Bohart) .

Acmceodera rossi Cazier

Acmceodera rossi Cazier, 1937, Pan-Pac. Ent., 13(3) : 115.

Numerous specimens of this unusual Acmceodera were col-

lected at the following localities: two specimens from twenty-

three miles south of Vidal, Riverside County, California (K. S.

Hagen and W. F. Barr) on palo verde; about ten specimens from

Ehrenberg, Yuma County, Arizona, June 14, 1940 (R. G. Dahl,

K. S. Hagen and W. F. Barr), collected on Larrea tridentata var.

glutinosa Jep., dead Prosopis and dead Acacia greggii Gray;

about thirty specimens from San Luis, Yuma County, Arizona,

June 15-16, 1940 (K. S. Hagen, R. G. Dahl and W. F. Barr),

taken on Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa Jep. and Ephedra and

also found in an irrigation ditch; and seven specimens from

Gordon’s Well, Imperial County, California, June 17, 1940 (R. G.

Dahl and W. F. Barr), taken on Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa

Jep. and Ephedra.

As Acmceodera is a rather popular group and since there has

not been any recent distributional paper written on it, the follow-

ing state-by-state list seems desirable. The Acmceodera occur

primarily in the southwest and adjoining states and as a result,

only these few states are given for distributional purposes. The

eastern and northern states have only one or two rather cosmo-

politan species, i. e., A. pulchella, A. ornata, and A. tubulus, and

therefore are not itemized individually. A summarization of the

state lists shows the following:

California

Total number

of species

Endemics

Original type

locality

Arizona

Texas

New Mexico

Nevada

Lower California

Utah

Northern Mexico

Colorado

Oregon

Florida

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVII NO. 2

The exact type localities of A. ornata Fabr., A. scalaris Mann.,

A. pulchella Hbst., A. flavomarginata Gray, A. rubronotata Lap.

& Gory, and A. tubulus (Fabr.) are unknown to the writer and

the original literature is unavailable.

Only authentically determined specimens were used in this

paper, therefore, it does not contain any of the doubtful locali-

ties which have appeared in earlier papers due to incorrect

determinations.

California 2

1 .

acuta Lee.

33.

lanata Horn

adenostomse Cazier

34.

latiflava Fall

*alacris Horn

35.

liberta Fall

alicise Fall

36.

lucia Fall

angelica Fall

37.

*mariposa Horn

* angelica nexa Fall

38.

*mariposa bernardino Van D.

* aurora Fall

39.

*morbosa Fall

*barri Cazier

40.

*nigrovittata Van D.

biedermani Skinner

41.

*palmarum Timberlake

10.

*bishopiana Fall

42.

*perlanosa Timberlake

11.

comata Lee.

43.

pinalorum Knull

12.

connexa Lee.

44.

plagiaticauda Horn

13.

*coquilletti Fall

45.

*postica Fall

14.

cribricollis Horn

46.

*prorsa Fall

15.

*dohrni Horn

47.

*pubiventris Horn

16.

dolorosa Fall

48.

pulchella Hbst.

17.

*fenyesi Fall

49.

*pullata Cazier

18.

*fisheri Cazier

50.

purshise Fisher

19.

flavosticta Horn

51.

* quadriseriata Fall

20.

gemina Horn

52.

quadrivittata Horn

21.

gibbula Lee.

53.

robusta Horn

22.

*guttifera Lee.

54.

robusta rubrosuffusa Fall

23.

hepburni Lee.

55.

rossi Cazier

24.

*holsteni White

56.

sabinae Knull

25.

hulli Knull

57.

*simulata Van D.

26.

*humeralis Cazier

58.

*sinuata Van D.

27.

insignis Horn

59.

sinuata sexnotata Van D.

28.

inyoensis Cazier

60.

*tenebricosa Fall

29.

jaguarina Knull

61.

tuta Horn

30.

*jocosa Fall

62.

vandykei Fall

31.

junki Thery

63.

vulturei Knull

32.

labyrinthica Fall

64.

yumae Knull

2 Species marked with an asterisk are known only from the state under which

they are listed. Names in italics indicate species originally described from the

state. Species listed in Roman type occur in more than one state.

APRIL, 1941]

BARR — ACMA30DERA

Arizona

1 .

acuta Lee.

29.

jaguarina Knull

alicise Fall

30.

junki Thery

amplicollis Lee.

31.

liber ta Fall

angelica Fall

32.

ligidata Cazier

biedermani Skinner

33.

*lineipicta Fall

bivulnera Horn

34.

lucia Fall

bowditchi Fall

35.

*mimicata Knull

*carlota Fall

36.

opacula Lee.

comata Lee.

37.

ornata Fab.

10.

* conoidea Fall

38.

*papagonis Duncan

11.

* constricticollis Knull

39.

parker i Cazier

12.

*convicta Fall

40.

pinalorum Knull

13.

cribricollis Horn

41.

pulchella Hbst.

14.

cuneata Fall

42.

quadrivittata Horn

15.

daggetti Fall

43.

recticollis Fall

16.

decipiens Lee.

44.

*resplendens Van D.

17.

*delumbus Horn

45.

rossi Cazier

18.

discalis Cazier

46.

Sabinae Knull

19.

disjuncta Fall

47.

scalaris Mann.

20.

falli Kerr

48.

* serena Fall

21.

flavomarginata Gray

49.

sparsa Horn

22.

gemina Horn

50.

stigmata Horn

23.

gibbula Lee.

51.

subbalteata Lee.

24.

*gibbula gila Knull

52.

varipilis Van D.

25.

*griffithi Fall

53.

vulturei Knull

26.

*horni Fall

54.

*wheeleri Van D.

27.

hulli Knull

55.

wickenburgana Knull

28.

insignis Horn

56.

Texas

yumaa Knull

1 .

auritincta Fall

15.

miliar is Horn

bowditchi Fall

16.

*neglecta Fall

*consors Horn

17.

*obtusa Horn

cribricollis Horn

18.

ornata Fabr.

discalis Cazier

19.

paradisjuncta Knull

disjuncta Fall

20.

*perforata Cazier

falli Kerr

21.

pulchella Hbst.

* flavinigrapunctata Knull

22.

quadrivittata Horn

flavomarginata Gray

23.

rubronotata Lap. & Gory

10.

gibbula Lee.

24.

scalaris Mann.

11.

*hsemorrhoa Lee.

25.

*texana Lee.

12.

junki Thery

26.

tubulus (Fabr.)

13.

*macra Horn

27.

*uvaldensis Knull

14.

maculifera Horn

28.

*wenzeli Van D.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

New Mexico

1 .

amplicollis Lee.

pulchella Hbst.

auritincta Fall

10.

quadrivittata Horn

decipiens Lee.

11.

recticollis Fall

gibbula Lee.

12.

scalaris Mann.

hutti Knull

13.

sparsa Horn

lucia Fall

14.

subbalteata Lee.

maculifera Horn

15.

variegata Lee.

opacula Lee.

Nevada

1 .

connexa Lee.

ornata Fabr.

cribricollis Horn

10.

purshias Fisher

gemina Horn

11.

robusta Horn

hepburni Lee.

12,

robusta rubrosuffusa Fall

inyoensis Cazier

13.

tuta Horn

labyrinthica Fall

14.

vandykei Fall

lanata Horn

15.

variegata Lee.

latiflava Fall

Lower California

1 .

*clausa Horn

*opinabilis Fall

*faceta Fall

*7~ubescens Schaeffer

flavomarginata Gray

10.

* scapularis Horn

flavosticta Horn

11.

stigmata Horn

gibbula Lee.

12.

*vandnzeei Van D.

insignis Horn

13.

varipilis Van D.

*lucana Van D.

Utah

1 .

acuta Lee.

purshise Fisher

bowditchi Fall

quadrivittata Horn

cuneata Fall

10.

sparsa Horn

dolorosa Fall

11.

tuta Horn

labyrinthica Fall

12.

vandykei Fall

lanata Horn

13.

varigata Lee.

lucia Fall

Northern Mexico

1 .

bivulnera Horn

quadrivittata Horn

daggetti Fall

rubronotata Lap. & Gory

gibbula Lee.

10.

scalaris Mann

hulli Knull

11.

sparsa Horn

miliaris Horn

12.

subbalteata Lee.

paradisjuncta Knull

13.

wickenburgana Knull

parkeri Cazier

APRIL, 1941]

REEVES— ORTHOPODOMYIA

Colorado

1 .

ligulata Cazier

quadrivittata Horn

lucia Fall

sparsa Horn

pulchella Hbst.

variegata Lee.

Oregon

1 .

angelica Fall

sinuata sexnotata Van D.

connexa Lee.

variegata Lee.

plagiaticauda Horn

Florida

1 .

confusa Fisher

pulchella Hbst.

*marginotata Chev.

tubulus (Fabr.)

ornata Fabr.

THE GENUS ORTHOPODOMYIA THEOBALD IN

CALIFORNIA

(Diptera, Culicidse)

BY WILLIAM a REEVES

University of California, Berkeley

While making observations and collections of Aedes vari-

palpus (Coq.), “the Pacific Coast tree-hole mosquito,” in south-

ern California during February, 1940, larvae and adults of the

genus Ortho podomyia were encountered. The larvae were in tree

holes of cottonwood, Populus fremontii Wats., which had been

filled by rains. Previous to this time A. varipalpus had been

the only culicid known to inhabit tree holes in California.

Orthopodomyia is a small genus of mosquitoes whose mem-

bers breed exclusively in tree holes. Only two species are known

to occur in the United States, Orthopodomyia signifera (Coq.)

and Orthopodomyia alba Baker. The former was described by

Coquillett (1896) from the District of Columbia. Its present

distribution includes most of the eastern and southern states

from Massachusetts to Texas. A previous but unrecognized

record of this species in California was made by Clara Ludlow

(1906), who reported “ Culex { ?) signifer ” from Benicia Bar-

racks, Solano County. Howard, Dyar, and Knab (1917) stated,

however, “We quote the California locality cited by Dr. Ludlow

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

with doubt, as no other specimens have been received or reported

from west of the Plains.” As a result subsequent workers have

chosen to ignore the record. The writer on March 21, 1940,

visited Benicia Barracks and vicinity in an attempt to recover

0. signifera, but the only tree-hole mosquito found breeding

in this area was A. varipalpus. Ortho podomyia alba was de-

scribed by Baker (1936) from Ithaca, New York. Since then it

has also been recorded from Alabama, Shields and Miles (1937) .

The immature stages of Ortho podomyia were first collected

in California at Riverside, Riverside County, on February 17,

1940, a large cottonwood tree with two rot holes was found which

contained larvae of Ortho podomyia and A. varipalpus ; those of

the former were obtained in all four instars, and 150 adults

were reared from this collection. A second collection was made

on the same day three miles to the south of Riverside, from a

cottonwood tree which also contained larvae of both mosquitoes.

Subsequent collections of Orthopodomyia were made on June

30 and July 12 from the same tree holes. At the latter date

larvae of all four instars, pupae, and adults were found. 1 Another

locality was discovered on July 2 when larvae of Orthopodomyia ,

A. varipalpus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say were collected

in cottonwood and willow tree holes two miles to the west of

Redlands, San Bernardino County. From this material 621 fourth

instar larvae and 145 adults have been examined.

Study of the larvae has shown the Californian species to be

O. signifera, although certain variations from characters given

for the eastern 0. signifera (see Baker, 1936) have appeared.

According to King, Bradley and McNeel (1939) the principal

character separating the larvae of O. signifera from O. alba is

the presence of dorsal plates on segments six, seven, and eight

(occasionally seven and eight) as contrasted with no plates in

O. alba. In the Californian specimens dorsal plates are not always

present on abdominal segments six, seven, and eight. Of the

fourth stage larvae examined only 60 had plates on these seg-

ments, 368 had plates on segments seven and eight, and 243 had

a plate on only the eighth segment. Of the latter group 59 later

added a plate on the seventh segment, and three added plates on

segments six and seven. Addition of plates takes place without

1 Breeding apparently occurs continuously in the tree where the original

collection was made as on August 27 larvae were still abundant, and adults were

observed resting on the inner surface of the hole.

APRIL, 1941]

REEVES— ORTHOPODOMYIA

moulting and is apparently a hypodermal deposition the physio-

logical nature of which is unknown. The number of teeth in the

anterior row of the comb of the eighth abdominal segment varies

from 13-22, as contrasted with previous descriptions of 17±2

( signifera ) and 11 ±2 (alba ) . This variation and that recorded

by Shields and Miles (1937) for O. alba of an increase to 18

would indicate that the character is of little value in dif-

ferentiating O. signifera from 0. alba.

The character of hypodermal pigmentation given as pink or

purple for 0. signifera and lacking for 0. alba has been found

in California to depend entirely upon larval diet. In sunny tree

holes an abundant growth of Thiocapsa, a rose pink pigmented

bacterium occurs. Larvae from holes containing this pigmented

organism have a purple or pink hypodermal coloration. Re-

moval from such a hole and changing to a yeast diet results

in loss of this pigmentation, and they become yellow to brown.

These larvae when placed in a container with the pigmented or-

ganisms become pink again within a week.

In other characters larvae agree with those of typical 0.

signifera. General hairy appearance inconspicuous. Head capsule

rounded, dark brown; antennal tuft inconspicuous, of three to

five hairs; sub-basal tuft inconspicuous; transutural tuft single.

Abdomen with lateral tufts of the first two abdominal segments

short and multiple. Ventral tuft of sixth abdominal segment

composed of seven to thirteen hairs. Siphon about three and

one-half times as long as wide, slightly tapered; siphonal tuft

with five to eight hairs. Anal segment completely ringed by its

plate. Anal gills long and tapering.

Pupae of the Californian O. signifera are brown with darker

intersegmental bands. Those from larvae with considerable pink

pigmentation are especially dark. The respiratory trumpet is

not so angular in outline as typical 0. signifera because the

sides are gently curved. However, in some cases the corners

are sharp in outline.

Considerable difficulty has generally been experienced in

separating the adults of 0. signifera from 0. alba (see Baker,

1936). The former has been described as having the cuticula

of the first abdominal tergite purplish brown, a continuous apical

black band on the second abdominal tergite, and abdominal

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

tergites from the third segment posteriorly with white basal tri-

angular patches laterally. 0. alba differs by having the cuticula

of the first abdominal tergite yellow, triangular black apical

areas laterally on the second abdominal tergite, and abdominal

tergites from the third segment posteriorly with continuous white

basal bands. The Californian specimens exhibit a marked trend

towards O. alba. The cuticula of the first abdominal tergite is

yellowish brown. In many specimens the second abdominal

tergite is completely white scaled, but in the majority of cases

there are dark, apical triangular areas laterally; the second

abdominal tergite has a continuous apical black band in less

than 20 per cent of the specimens. Abdominal tergites from the

third segment posteriorly possess continuous white basal bands

in 90 per cent of the specimens, and in only the remaining 10

per cent are basal triangular white patches found laterally.

Male terminalia agree with descriptions of 0. signifera,

except that the basal lobe has three to five large stout spines

instead of only three; the majority have four as found in 0. alba.

Adult specimens have been placed in the collections of the

United States National Museum, the California Academy of

Sciences, and the University of California. The writer is in-

debted to Dr. T. H. G. Aitken for verification of his determina-

tion and to both him and Prof. W. B. Herms for reading the

manuscript.

References

Baker, F. C. 1936. A new species of Orthopodomyia, O. alba,

sp. n. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 38:1-17.

Coquillett, D. W. 1896. New Culicidas from North America.

Canad. Ent. 28:43.

Howard, L. O., H. G. Dyar, and F. Knab. 1917. The mosquitoes

of North and Central America and the West Indies. Wash-

ington, D. C.; Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publi-

cation No. 159. 4:891.

King, W. V., G. H. Bradley, and T. E. McNeel. 1939. The mosquitoes

of the southeastern states. Washington, D. C.; Department

of Agriculture, Misc. Publ. No. 336:55, 56, and 67.

Ludlow, Clara. 1906. The distribution of mosquitoes in the United

States. As shown by collections made at Army Posts. Med.

Record, 69:95-98.

Shields, S. E. and V. I. Miles. 1937. The occurrence of Ortho-

podomyia alba in Alabama. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 39:237.

APRIL, 1941]

ESSIG— U. C. ENT. SOC.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ENTOMOLOGICAL

SOCIETY

and

THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S DAILY POST CARD

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley

The University of California Entomological Society, which

appears to have been the second 1 entomological organization

formed in California, held its first business meeting and adopted

by-laws at the University of California, Berkeley, January 3,

1895. Officers elected were: President, E. J. Wickson; Vice-

President, J. J. Rivers; Secretary and Editor, C. W. Woodworth.

New members elected were: B. M. Lelong, Alexander Craw,

Dr. H. H. Behr, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, Prof. A. J. Cook, C. H.

Shinn, and W. G. W. Harford.

According to Article 1 of the by-laws, “the object of this

Society shall be to advance the science of Entomology in all

its branches.”

The official organ of the Society was “The Entomologist’s

Daily Post Card,” which is referred to as “A California Journal

of Entomology” — the first entomological publication in the state.

It was published on cards, each daily issue (published daily at

first and subsequently issued weekly, beginning April 1, 1895)

consisting of printing on both sides of a substantial card

3%x5% inches. The issues were intended “to form a card index

to the insects of California and adjoining states.” Many early

records of insects appearing in this journal have been over-

looked by entomologists. The contents included timely infor-

mation and announcements and usually a synoptical key to a

genus, family, or order of insects or a title of some recently

published outstanding paper in entomology. In the first num-

ber appeared this interesting statement: “The two things most

needed for the study of Entomology in California are a series

of synopses of our species and a bibliography of our literature.”

Among other notes are, “A new insect box” (No. 3, Jan. 4,

1895) ; “Hints for Teachers” (Nos. 5-6, Jan. 7-8, 1895) ; “Micro-

scopical mounts of insects” — refers to the possibilities of “mount-

1 The California Entomological Society was founded at San Francisco on

March 13, 1891, and The Pacific Coast Entomological Society was first organized

as The California Entomological Club in the same city on August 7, 1901.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVII NO. 2

ing insects of considerable size for microscopical study” (No.

8, Jan. 10, 1895) ; “An entomological game” (No. 28, Feb. 2,

1895) ; “Lamp chimney for breeding cages” (No. 30, Feb. 5,

1895) ; “Reference Collections — refers to the Ricksecker col-

lection of Coleoptera and the Rivers collection of Lepidoptera

at the University of California (Nos. 35-36, Feb. 11-12, 1895) ;

“The orders of insects” (Nos. 71-76, March 27-April 2; Nos.

111-112, May 16-17, 1895) ; “The Smyrna fig insect” (Nos.

94-95, April 24-25, 1895) ; “Experiment Station entomologists”

(Nos. 106-107, May 9-10, 1895) ; “Arsenites in Bordeaux Mix-

ture” — in which attention is called to the fact that Prof. C. P.

Gillette “first called attention to the possibility of applying an

arsenite as Paris green in Bordeaux mixture with even greater

safety to the plant than when applied alone, and thus save the

cost of one application” (No. 26, Jan. 31, 1895). A vacation

notice in No. 118, May 23, 1895, closed the series.

There is nearly a complete set of this journal in the archives

of the University of California Library and the author has a

set with but a single card missing. The cards have greatly de-

teriorated and are browned with age. The writer is able to

furnish almost complete sets to libraries.

TRIGONOPTERUS IN THE CAROLINE ISLANDS

(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

BY ELWOOD C. ZIMMERMAN

Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu

The cryptorhynchine genus Trigonopterus ( =Idotasia ) con-

tains more than 80 species which are distributed from Sumatra

to Samoa with the greatest development in Papua. None have

heretofore been recorded from Micronesia. Bishop Museum’s

Micronesian Expedition of 1935-1936 procured the following

striking new species of the genus from the Caroline Islands.

Trigonopterus Caroline® Zimmerman, new species

Figure 1

Color: head, rostrum, club of the antennal scape, prothorax,

coxae, trochanters, bases of and usually the edges and apices of the

femora, mesosternum, sides of the metasternum, basal margin and

apices of the elytra black, elsewhere mostly brownish-red, the

APRIL, 1941]

ZIMMERMAN— TRIGONOPTERUS

elytra conspicuously shiny brownish-red and contrasting sharply

with the shiny black pronotum, the elytra transluscent ; setse yel-

lowish to golden.

Figure L Trigonopterus carolinese Zimmerman, new species.

A, lateral outline; B, outline of head and rostrum; C, outline of

side of apex of elytron, a, elevated second interval, b, elevated and

coalesced intervals 7, 8 and 9.

Head reticulate, rather dull, the crown coarsely and densely

punctate except near the pronotum; interocular area broadly,

shallowly and conspicuously concave, with a very deep, coarse

groove around each eye, the eyes therefore appearing protuberant,

the middle of the area impunctate, the punctures on the sides and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VQL. XVII NO. 2

below the middle longitudinally confluent. Rostrum in the male

coarsely reticulate and dull throughout, with three strongly de-

veloped, coarse carinae, exclusive of the carina above each scrobe,

running from near the base to beyond the antennal insertion, the

intercarinal striae coarse, punctate, each bearing a row of erect

setae; at about one-fourth from the apex there are three conspicu-

ous, dorsal, tubercle-like prominences on an arc of an apparent

transverse ridge which are remnants of the three dorsal carinae

which have become obsolete or almost obsolete just behind the

tubercles where the rostrum is depressed (see fig. 1, B) ; rostrum

of the female more slender, the dorsal carinae not continued beyond

the antennal insertion, and from there distad rather shiny and with

lines of moderately large punctures being continuations of the

striae behind the antennae, without subapical tubercles. Antennse

with the scape sinuous, strongly clavate, as long as the first four

funicular segments, its broadest part two and one-half times as

broad as the narrowest part of the stalk; first funicular segment

as long as 2, 2 about as long as 3 plus 4 plus 5, 3 to 7 each suc-

cessively slightly broader; club broadly rounded at the apex, one-

fourth longer than broad, about as long as the preceding five funi-

cular segments. Thorax five-eighths as broad as long, base slightly

sinuous, the sides evenly converging in an almost straight line to

the convex apex; dorsum with a variable, rather inconspicuous

impunctate median line, elsewhere closely and evenly set with

medium sized oval punctures whose interstices are mostly nar-

rower than the punctures, each puncture containing a fine, decum-

bent, anteriorly directed seta that hardly projects beyond the

anterior margin of the puncture; dorsum evenly convex trans-

versely and longitudinally, without a subapical constriction. Elytra

shaped as illustrated, one and one-half times as long as broad, not

quite three times as long as the prothorax, measured from the side

(14:5), dorsal and lateral outlines continuous or almost continuous

with those of the pronotum ; none of the strise excepting the eighth

obviously impressed in the basal two-thirds, marked by series of

small punctures, the punctures and the flat, broad intervals bearing

miscroscopical setae; stria 8 impressed and coarsely punctate from

the base nearly to the second ventrite, the outer side of the stria

appearing as a shelf -like ridge, the outer stria obsolete from the

base about to the hind margin of the first ventrite, then becoming

deeply impressed from the third ventrite to the apex; interval 2

elevated at the apex for about the length of the fifth ventrite, in-

tervals 7, 8 and 9 forming a coalesced elevation from above the

fourth ventrite to the apex, a continuation of this elevation runs

from the latero-apical corner to the suture, the true margin is there-

fore below and anterior to the apparent margin, the area between

the elevation and the margin concave; the elytral apices forming

a common, variable, emargination at the suture; some of the setse

APRIL, 1941]

ZIMMERMAN— TRIGONOPTERUS

in the hollow between the distal elevations of the coalesced intervals

7, 8 and 9 and interval 2 usually squamiform and elongate oval in

shape. Legs with the femora not expanded distally, the punctures

bearing conspicuous, prostrate setse lying parallel to the long axis,

with a stria along the lower outer margin in which the setse are

more numerous, the lower sides flattened and only shallowly con-

cave, the outer edge not elevated into a conspicuous flange; tibiae,

excepting for the basal angulation, almost straight, each with the

uncus developed and appearing to arise somewhat nearer the inner

than the outer corner, none with a distinct tooth at the inner apical

angle, although that angle may be acute, the fore pair with some

irregular, sinuous, longitudinal carinse between the well developed

dorsal and ventral marginal carinse on the outer side and without a

very conspicuous longitudinal patch of golden setse as found on the

mid and hind tibise, mid and hind tibise without distinct carinse on

the outer side between the marginal carinse, with more than the

apical fourth of the outer side occupied by a large, conspicuous patch

of stiff golden setse that conceal an oblique carina; tarsi with the

first segment slightly longer than the third, twice as long as the sec-

ond, the third fully one-third broader than long and fully as long as

the preceding two segments, dorsa of all segments with long, stiff

setse. Sternum coarsely reticulate, with the posterior surface of

the mesosternal receptacle with conspicuous plumose squamse in

the male, but with simple hair-like setse in the female; metasternum

broadly concave in both sexes and with a few scattered setiferous

punctures, the anterior edge broadly arcuate, about two-thirds as

long along the median line as the first ventrite; mesocoxse sepa-

rated by a distance about one-fifth greater than the transverse

chord of a mesocoxa. Venter reticulate like sternum; with the first

two ventrites broadly and shallowly concave in the female, the

second ventrite almost flat, both ventrites more deeply concave in

the male; first ventrite with the intercoxal margin broadly arcuate,

with small, scattered setiferous punctures, about as long along the

median line as ventrite 2 plus one-half of 3; second ventrite as

long as 3 plus 4, ventrites 2, 3 and 4 with small scattered setifer-

ous punctures; ventrite 5 broadly concave, clothed with a dense

mass of erect, thin, broad, plumose squamse which almost com-

pletely covers the ventrite in the male but is wanting from the

basal median area in the female. Length: 4.0-4.5 mm.; breadth:

2.0-2.25 mm.

Caroline Islands: Ponape Island, holotype male, allotype

female and one male paratype in Bishop Museum, collected by

Z. Ono at Wone, February 17, 1936.

This is a very distinct and striking species. The shiny red-

dish elytra make a strong contrast with the black pronotum. I

know of no other species to which it is closely allied or which

it resembles.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V0 L. XVII NO. 2

A NEW CALIFORNIAN STENOPOGON

(Diptera, Asilidae)

BY BERNARD BROOKMAN

University of California, Berkeley

The asilid herein described as new was first brought to the

writer’s attention by Mr. Mont Cazier who had collected a few

specimens about ten miles southeast of Livermore, California.

A subsequent trip to the locality revealed that this species was

quite abundant, flying rather sluggishly through the tall, dry

grass stems, upon which it rested and awaited its prey. The prey,

noted in several instances, included leafhoppers, buprestids of

the genus Acmceodera, and several kinds of small Diptera and

Hymenoptera.

The writer is indebted to Mr. Cazier who loaned material for

this study, who has been of assistance in drawing up this descrip-

tion, and for whom the new species is gratefully named, to Pro-

fessor W. B. Herms, Dr. E. G. Linsley, Dr. T. H. G. Aitken and

Mr. C. D. Michener who read the manuscript and who offered

valuable suggestions for its improvement, and to Dr. S. W.

Bromley for verifying the status of this species.

Stenopogon (Stenopogon) cazieri Brookman, new species

This is a medium sized, slender, dark colored species, having

a black mystax and a bare postnotum. It is related to Stenopogon

jubatus Coquillett 1 and Stenopogon jubatoides Bromley 2 .

Male. Head black; face with golden, sericeous pubescence on

gibbosity, yellow pollinose from above gibbosity to antennse; mys-

tax entirely black; antennse black, thinly pruinose, bristles on first

two segments black, third segment one and one-half times as long

as first two together, style three-eighths as long as third segment,

tapering dictally and bearing short, terminal spine; front yellow

pollinose with black bristles; ocellar tubercle with tuft of black

bristles; palpi and proboscis shining black, palpi with black hairs,

proboscis bearing long, slender black and silvery hairs; occipital

arch silvery pollinose, dorsally with long, black bristles, ventrally

with both black and silver hairs; beard largely of black hairs in-

terspersed with silvery hairs. Thorax black, brownish pollinose;

prothorax with black bristles and black and silver hairs inter-

spersed; mesonotum bearing black macrochsetae and microchsetse ;

humeri with slender black bristles and few silvery hairs; postalar

calli with strong, black bristles, some silvery hairs dorsally;

sternopleuron with a tuft of long, slender, pale hairs; scutellum

1 Coquillett, D. W., 1904, Invertebrate Pacifica, 1 :38.

2 Bromley, S. W., 1937, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 45 :297.

APRIL, 1941

BROOKMAN— STENOPOGON

with stout black marginal bristles; postnotum entirely bare. Legs :

coxae black, brownish pollinose, with long black bristles and hairs

projecting anteriorly, posterior edge with silvery hairs; femora

black, distal tips rufous, bearing black bristles and slender silvery

hairs; tibiae black, proximal three-eighths rufous, all setae black;

tarsomeres rufous with black tips, setae black. Wings fumose;

basal area including proximal three-fourths of first basal, all of

second basal, anal, and axillary cells, and alula frosted in appear-

ance; costal margin clothed with short black, scale-like hairs.

Abdomen shining black, tergites edged with dark gray pollen,

thickly covered with rather long, slender, silvery- white hairs; lat-

eral eminences of first tergite densely pilose, bearing many slender

black, few pale bristles dorsally and strong pale bristles and sil-

very hairs laterally; sternites gray pollinose on anterior edges

and on central, subcircular area at posterior edges; terminalia

black ; lateral lobes of ninth tergite about as long as greatest height

of terminalia, rounded apically, bearing slender black bristles;

ninth sternite five-sixths as long as tergite, posterior margin deeply

and widely incised, producing U-shaped notch, postero-lateral lobes

thus formed slender, projecting laterally, curving dorsally, basal

portion with few black bristles tipped with silver, lobes with pale

hairs. Total length, 20.5 mm.; abdomen, 14 mm.; wings, 14 mm.

Female. Similar to male but in general with more pale hairs

and bristles; wings with less extensive frosted area at base; pile

of abdominal tergites shorter, less dense; no pale bristles on lateral

edges of first tergite; posterior edge of sixth tergite, all of sev-

enth and eighth tergites with short black hairs; ovipositor with

black spines. Total length, 23 mm.; abdomen, 17 mm.; wings,

15 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5115, and allotype, female, No. 5116,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., collected 10 miles southeast of Liv-

ermore, Alameda County, California, May 10, 1940 (M. A.

Cazier and A. E. Michelbacher) . Paratopotypes : one male, five

females, May 2, 1936 (M. A. Cazier) ; fifteen females, sixteen

males, May 10, 1940 (M. A. Cazier and A. E. Michelbacher) ;

thirty-nine females, twenty-seven males, May 12, 1940 (M. A.

Cazier, C. D. Michener and B. Brookman). Paratypes: two males,

two females, summit Mount Hamilton, Santa Clara County, Cali-

fornia, May 19, 1940 (W. C. Reeves and M. A. Cazier). Para-

types have been deposited in the following collections: University

of California, Berkeley; California Academy of Sciences; United

States National Museum; American Museum of Natural History;

S. W. Bromley; M. T. James; M. A. Cazier; T. H. G. Aitken

and B. Brookman.

Stenopogon cazieri may be readily separated from Steno-

pogon jubatus Coq. by the predominance of black hairs and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

bristles on the occipital arch, the beard and the legs, and by the

brown pollinose mesonotum. Males may be separated by the

shape of the lateral lobes of the ninth tergite, those of cazieri

appearing (from lateral view) stout, broadly rounded apically,

and not curving ventrad to any extent, while those of jubatus are

more slender, taper acutely toward the apex and have the apical

half curved ventrally. In addition to other characters, the females

of cazieri retain the basal frosted area of the wing; this area is

completely absent in the female specimens of jubatus at my

disposal.

This species is distinguished from Stenopogon jubatoides

Brom. by the following characters: the hairs and bristles of the

occipital arch, beard and legs are predominantly black, while

those of jubatoides are white; the third segment of the antennae

is relatively short (from one to one and one-third times the length

of the first two segments together) and bears a ventral excision

along the apical half, while that of jubatoides is relatively long

(from one and one-half to two times the length of the first

two segments together) and bears a ventral excision along the

apical two-thirds or more; the antennal style is relatively long

(from one-third to one-half as long as the third segment), while

that of jubatoides is relatively short (from one-fifth to one-sixth

as long as the third segment). In addition the males may be

separated by the shape of the posterior notch of the ninth sternite,

that of cazieri being deeply and widely incised and U-shaped with

the inner edges of the postero-lateral lobes subparallel, that of

jubatoides being shallowly notched and more V-shaped with the

inner edges of the postero-lateral lobes widely divergent apically.

In the long series at hand there is a surprisingly small amount

of variation in color and structure. This is particularly true of

the males. In length the males vary from about 17 mm. to 21

mm. The females, in general, are larger than the males, varying

from 18 mm. to 25 mm. in length. The latter have more light

colored pile on the head and thorax than the males, a few speci-

mens approaching Stenopogon jubatoides in the amount of white

pile present. There is a certain amount of variation in the rela-

tive proportions of the antennal segments, but in no instance did

these proportions approach those found in Stenopogon jubatoides.

There are at hand four specimens from Sunset Valley, Santa

Barbara County, California, which have the wing membrane in-

fuscated only along the veins, but which, in all other respects,

appear identical to the Livermore specimens.

APRIL, 1941]

AITKEN — A NEW AeDES

A NEW AMERICAN SUBGENUS AND SPECIES OF AEDES

(Diptera, Culicidse)

BY THOMAS H. G. AITKEN

University of California, Berkeley

The writer wishes to take this opportunity of expressing his

appreciation to Mr. W. H. W. Komp for his help and criticism

in the preparation of the manuscript; helpful criticism by Mr.

M. A. Cazier and Mr. B. Brookman is also acknowledged. Thanks

are especially due Dr. and Mrs. A. E. Michelbacher and Mr.

E. S. Ross, the collectors from whom the specimens were obtained

for study.

The description of the subgenus is so arranged that the diag-

nostic portion includes the main characters used by Edwards

(Gen. Inset., Fasc. 194:130, 1932) in his key to the females of the

subgenera of Aedes; thus the reader will be able to refer directly

to the most closely allied subgenera.

Kompia Aitken, new subgenus

Wings without a tuft of very long scales at extreme base;

tarsal claws toothed on front and middle legs; cerci short; eighth

abdominal segment large and not completely retractile, eighth

sternite large and prominent; entire body highly ornamented;

head mainly clothed with broad, flat scales, but with a median

dorsal stripe of narrow scales; post-spiracular setae absent.

Head without setae on occiput except for ocular row; eyes

narrowly separated above antennae, space between eyes occupied

by narrow scales; antennae slender in female, verticels moderately

long, flagellar segments about equal in length; proboscis slender,

slightly longer than fore femora; palpi about one-sixth as long

as proboscis. Thorax with anterior pronotal lobes widely sepa-

rated; dorsocentral setae (including pre-scuteilars) present;

spiracular and post-spiracular areas devoid of setae, the latter area

adorned with patch of broad, flat scales; sternopleural setae

sparse; lower mesepimeral setae absent; meron with upper mar-

gin above level of base of hind coxae; scutellum trilobed, scales

broad on median lobe, extremely narrow on lateral lobes (each

bearing setae) ; postnotum bare; wing scales predominantly nar-

row, upper surface of stem vein without hairs, squama completely

fringed, anal vein reaching well beyond base of cubital fork;

pulvilli absent. Legs with toothed claws on fore and mid tarsi.

Abdomen pointed.

Type: Aedes ( Kompia ) purpureipes Aitken, new species.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII NO. 2

Although lacking postspiracular bristles, this subgenus be-

longs in the genus Aedes, on the basis of the characters out-

lined above. Unfortunately the absence of males and larvae

prevents determining its true relationship. Kompia appears to

be most closely related to the subgenera Finlaya and Howardina ,

particularly the former, from which it may be separated by the

absence of postspiracular bristles; it also differs from Howardina

in this character, as well as by having toothed tarsal claws on

the front and middle legs of the female. The writer takes great

pleasure in naming this subgenus in honor of Mr. W. H. W.

Komp, Senior Medical Entomologist, U. S. Public Health Ser-

vice, who has done much to further our knowledge of neotropical

mosquitoes, and who confirmed the writer’s opinion concerning

the status of this mosquito.

Aedes (Kompia) purpureipes Aitken, new species

Female. Head with proboscis and palpi clothed with appressed

black scales having dark, metallic blue shade in certain lights;

clypeus bare, shiny black; antennae black, tori shiny black with

patch of broad silvery scales mesially; occiput with dark integu-

ment, heavily clothed with scales arranged in the following pat-

tern: a dark, metallic clump on lateral ocular margins surrounded

by pale band (the scales in front silvery and those in back golden),

a submedian dark, metallic purple clump and a median patch of

narrow, golden scales which become silvery between the eyes, a

clump of erect, forked, black scales posteriorly, ocular margins

bordered by few black setae. Thorax with integument ochraceous

orange; mesonotum golden-yellow, with two dark submedian longi-

tudinal stripes from anterior margin to scutellum, and with two

dark lateral stripes extending from scutellum half way to anterior

margin, the two submedian dark stripes separated anteriorly by a

median line of golden scales half the width of each stripe, poste-

riorly by the bare ante-scutellar space which is lined laterally with

silvery scales, submedian dark stripes with few dark dorsocentral

setae, stouter, longer and more numerous posteriorly, margins of

mesonotum lined with pale setae, more numerous above wing-base;

scutellum with median lobe bearing clump of broad silvery scales

and six long, pale setae, lateral lobes with small patch of narrowly-

linear, elongate, black scales and five or six very long pale setae;

anterior pronotal lobes capped with broad silvery scales and clump

of variably colored setae (about 15), posterior pronotum with patch

of broad silvery scales followed by five variably colored setae;

pleurae (inclusive of pronotum and coxae) marked by three longi-

tudinal silvery white stripes, formed of broad scales on proepi-

sternum, mesanepisternum, sternopleuron and mesepimeron, setae

APRIL, 1941]

AITKEN — A NEW AeDES

(pale) arranged as follows: proepisternum (about six), mesanepi-

sternum without setae, sternopleuron with two groups, upper and

lower (about three each), prealar area (about seven), upper

mesepimeron (about 15) ; coxae yellow, clothed with broad silvery

scales, darker ventrally, also each with a row of pale and dark

setae; trochanters yellow, with a few silvery scales; femora yellow

on basal third, the pale color tending to run out to the apex on

inner side of first two pairs of legs, remainder of femora adorned

with dark, metallic purple scales, apex of femora with a patch of

white scales; tibiae and tarsi clothed with dark metallic scales

varying from purple to spectrum blue (depending on light), pale

bands absent; few pale setae occurring along length of leg; tarsal

claws of first two pairs of legs with tooth, those of hind legs sim-

ple, formula 1.1-1. 1-0; wings clothed with narrow, dark scales,

which in certain lights take on the bluish-purple color of the legs

(this color also visible on wing membrane) ; halter es yellow, with

few pale silvery and dark scales on knob. Abdomen with ochra-

ceous yellow integument, adorned with broad, brown scales which

in certain lights are metallic purple and in others yellowish; ter-

gites with slight indications of narrow, pale basal bands which

expand laterally into triangular areas of silvery scales, pale setae

present on first tergite and apices of following tergites; sternites

with brown scales similar to those on dorsum, pale setae present on

disc as well as apices of sternites.

Holotype, female, No. 5155, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., col-

lected at Triunfo, Distrito del Sur, Baja California, Mexico,

July 7, 1938, by A. E. Michelbacher and E. S. Ross. Paratypes,

three females from five miles west of San Bartolo, Distrito del

Sur, July 13, 1938, and one female from Miraflores, Distrito

del Sur, July 8, 1938, by A. E. Michelbacher and E. S. Ross.

Paratypes (unfortunately rather badly rubbed) deposited in

the California Academy of Sciences, United States National

Museum, University of California and the Escuela Nacional

de Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico, D.F. All collections were made

at night.

An additional female specimen has recently come to hand,

collected by Mr. E. S. Ross at Patagonia, Santa Cruz County,

in southern Arizona, August 8, 1940. Although rather badly

rubbed, the specimen appears identical with those from Lower

California. The postspiracular setae are absent, the pleural bands

formed by the silvery scale patches are in evidence, the thorax

is distinctly yellow and retains a few of the yellow mesonotal

scales, and the legs are clothed with dark scales, but they are

)

84 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V OL. XVII NO. 2

not so markedly metallic purple. The specimen, caught in the

daytime, was in the act of biting.

Dr. Alan Stone, U. S. National Museum, has kindly com-

pared the specimens from Lower California and Arizona with

Dyar’s types of Aedes muelleri (Ins. Insc. Mens., 8:81, 1920),

from the vicinity of Mexico City, Mexico, and A. iridipennis

(Ins. Insc. Mens., 10:92, 1922), from the Chiricahua Mountains,

Arizona, and finds them to be very different; the absence of

postspiracular bristles is alone sufficient to distinguish the former.

Obituary

During the past year entomology has lost several of its most

distinguished workers. Of the younger entomologists, Grace

Adelbert Sandhouse, aculeate Hymenopterist in the Bureau of

Insect Identification of the U. S. D. A., died on Nov. 9, 1940,

at the age of 44 and F. W. Edwards, Dipterist and Deputy Keeper

of Entomology at the British Museum (Natural History), died

on Nov. 15, 1940, at the age of 46.

Older scientists whose names have been intimately associated

with American entomology for the last half century include:

W. S. Blatchley, naturalist and author of several indispensible

insect manuals, who died on May 28, 1941, at the age of 81 ;

Samuel Henshaw, Coleopterist, bibliographer, and director

emeritus of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, who died on

Feb. 5, 1941, at the age of 89; Ch. Wardell Stiles, Parasitologist

and for many years secretary of the International Commission

on Zoological Nomenclature, who died on Jan. 24, 1941, at the

age of 73; Charles William Leng, Coleopterist, cataloguer, and

director of the Public Museum, Staten Island, N. Y., who died

on Jan. 25, 1941, at the age of 81 ; and Clarence P. Gillette,

authority on the Aphididae and director emeritus of the Colorado

Agricultural Experiment Station, who died on Jan. 4, 1941, at

the age of 81.

Contributors to early California entomology include: Gus-

tavus A. Eisen, early collector in Lower California and one of

the persons responsible for the introduction of the Blastophaga

into California, who died on Oct. 29, 1941, at the age of 93,

and Edward M. Ehrhorn, charter member of the Pacific Coast

Entomological Society and one of the pioneers in Plant Quaran-

tine work in San Francisco, who died on Feb. 11, 1941, at the

age of 79. — Robert L. Usinger.

APRIL, 1941]

WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS OF REDUVIID

VECTORS OF CHAGAS’ DISEASE IN THE

SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

(Hemiptera, Reduviidas)

BY SHERWIN F. WOOD

Los Angeles City College

Introduction

For the past eight years, the writer has been collecting cone-

nosed bugs of the genus Triatoma for examination as vectors

of Chagas’ disease. The observations concerning American hu-

man trypanosomiasis have appeared in various journals but

most of the data relating to the insects has not been published.

Preliminary reports of the early work were published by C. A.

Kofoid and Fae Donat (1933), and the final report of the im-

portant results of all this early work was published by Fae

Donat Wood (1934). Due to the widespread occurrence of

naturally infected bugs (Wood, 1941a), it seems advisable to

record this information on the occurrence and life history of

the insect vectors, including unpublished notes of F. D. Wood.

The writer wishes to acknowledge the very able and generous

assistance of Dr. Robert L. Usinger of the University of Cali-

fornia at Davis in checking the identity of the various species

of insects. Recent observations have been made possible by

research grants from the American Medical Association (Fae D.

Wood) and the American Association for the Advancement of

Science (Sherwin F. Wood). The writer gratefully acknowl-

edges the aid of the American Association which has stimulated

the continuance of his research. The writer is deeply apprecia-

tive of field notes generously supplied by Dr. Fae D. Wood

and of her critical review of the manuscript.

Materials and Methods

The following cone-nosed bugs have been collected during

field work in the Southwest: Triatoma protracta (Uhler), T.

protracta woodi Usinger, T. rubida (Uhler), T. longipes Bar-

ber, T. gerstcEckeri Stal, T. heidemanni Neiva, T. sanguisuga

Lee., T. indictiva Neiva and Paratriatoma hirsuta Barber. All

of these bugs, except longipes , have been taken from the nests

of various species of wood rats ( Neotoma spp.). They have

become known colloquially to the writer by such common names

as “bellows bugs, blood-sucking bugs, blood-suckers, suckers,

Walapai Tigers (Wali’s), cactus bugs, bedbugs, big bedbugs,

and Chinese bedbugs.”

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

The materials found necessary for collecting in all kin ds of

wood rat nests consisted of a long-handled geologist’s pick, a

shovel, a machete and heavy gloves. The rat nests were partly

or completely torn down until all inner grass nests and sur-

rounding twigs had been carefully examined for bugs. Although

the bugs were at first collected with forceps, this method proved

too clumsy compared with handling with fingers. In order to

avoid possible contamination of the hands by feces of infected

bugs, they were usually picked up by grasping them sidewise

between thumb and finger.

Much field work has been carried out during the hottest

parts of the year. At first, many bugs died during transit through

the desert. Later, live insects were brought back to the labora-

tory successfully by protecting them from exposure to sunlight

and by keeping them at lower temperatures with improvised water-

evaporating coolers. Although this method has not been 100%

efficient, it has saved the lives of many bugs carried long dis-

tances through the arid Southwest.

In the laboratory, the blood of white rats, Rattus norvegicus

(Erxleben), has been used as the principal food for the insects.

The rats are confined to hardware cloth cylinders of various

sizes, depending upon the age of the rat, and then placed in

one-half of a 10" glass moist chamber or a 10" x 3" white

enameled pan. One must be sure that the rat is blocked properly

or it may escape and eat all the bugs. This is accomplished

by inserting several wooden sticks behind the animal and bind-

ing them to the cylinder with rubber bands. A piece of cheese

cloth is stretched over the top of the pan and held securely by

one or two large rubber bands while the bugs feed. One can

observe the bugs through the cheese cloth or the walls of the

moist chamber. Unless it is desired to collect the feces of the

bugs, a double strip of paper toweling about 2" wide is placed

underneath the cylinder to absorb the urine of the rat. Other-

wise, a close watch must be kept of the bugs, especially small

nymphs, or they may drown in the rat’s urine. The insects are

left with the rat for a few minutes to many hours depending

upon their age, nearness of last feeding, and atmospheric

temperature.

The insects are stored in straight-sided, pint, one-half pint

or smaller glass jars with metal screw tops perforated with many

holes small enough to prevent first instar nymphs from escaping.

The bottom of each jar has at least two circular pieces of paper

APRIL, 1941]

WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

toweling to absorb the feces of the bugs. Inside the jar there

is a double thickness of paper toweling folded into pleats one-

half to one inch across depending on the size of the jar. The

paper extends to within one inch of the top of the jar, which

prevents most bugs from reaching the metal top.

When not being fed, the bugs are kept on shelves away from

any possible exposure to sunlight. Each jar has one serial num-

ber in two places, on the lid and on the pleated paper inside.

A record is kept under this number of all data pertaining to

these bugs for as long as they exist in the laboratory. Due to

the fact that many of these cultures of bugs continue to live for

several years, most of the data is from cultures which have died

out in the laboratory.

Many types of containers have been used for field work but

the most satisfactory one is that described by Wood (1941b).

Insect Vectors of Chagas’ Disease

Triatoma protracta (Uhler)

Infected localities: Murray Canyon, near San Diego, San

Diego County, Calif. ; Eaton Canyon, near Pasadena, Los An-

geles County, Calif.; Old Copper Mill Site (6 miles east of

Tyrone), and 5 miles east of Tyrone, Grant County, New Mexico.

Uninfected localities: In California: Carroll Canyon, near

La Jolla, San Diego County; near Del Mar, San Diego County;

Verdugo Woodlands, near Glendale, Los Angeles County; Mon-

rovia Canyon, Los Angeles County; 23 miles west of Victor-

ville, Los Angeles County; Liebre Mountains near Sandbergs,

Los Angeles County; Lower Shake Canyon, Los Angeles County;

Sepulveda Canyon, Los Angeles County; and Pinon Flats, River-

side County. In Arizona: Six miles southwest of Sedona,

Yavapai County; Pinery Canyon, Coronado National Forest,

Cochise County; 12 miles southeast of Dos Cabezas, Cochise

County; and the Alvarado Mine, near Congress Junction, Yavapai

County. In New Mexico: One and five miles south of Silver

City, Grant County; Tyrone, Grant County; 9 and 10 miles east

of Tyrone, Grant County; and 30 miles southwest of Silver City,

Grant County. In Utah: Seven miles north of Kanab, Kane

County, and 10, 15, and 16 miles west of St. George, Washing-

ton County.

Throughout the southwestern United States, 1211 specimens

of Triatoma protracta have been collected. Nine hundred and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII NO. 2

fifty-seven have been examined of which 196 (20.48%) were

found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. Twelve hun-

dred and five specimens of protracta were collected in wood rat

( Neotoma spp.) nests, five in human dwellings and one in the

field at night.

In the areas where only Triatoma protracta has been col-

lected, the writer has taken 506 bugs from 158 rat nests, an

average of 3.20 bugs per nest. The largest number of bugs

from one nest was 85 in a nest at Murray Canyon. From trips

in 1932, 1933, 1937, and 1939, a total of 453 protracta has

been collected from Murray Canyon. One hundred and forty-

three (31.56%) of these bugs were infected. In 1937 and 1939,

only one out of nine nests from Murray Canyon failed to yield

any bugs. Of the eight infested nests, four harbored infected

bugs. In 1937, one hundred fifty-two bugs were collected from

Eaton Canyon, of which 57 (37.50%) were infected. Rat nest

records for the Eaton Canyon protracta show that of eleven

nests examined, three did not yield any bugs. Of the eight in-

fested nests, only three harbored infected bugs. In 1939, from

five and six miles east of Tyrone, 49 bugs were collected of which

two or 4.08% were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas.

Rat nest records for the infected localities near Tyrone show

that of 15 nests examined, six did not harbor any Triatoma.

Of the nine infested nests, two harbored infected bugs.

Field records of 443 specimens of Triatoma protracta ex-

amined show that 92 adults, and 83 large, 162 medium, and 106

small nymphs were collected.

Life history: The data here presented are from mixed cul-

tures of adults and nymphs of Triatoma protracta. Since the

cultures were self-perpetuating, the age of the culture repre-

sents a longer period than the actual life cycle of the species.

As can be noted above from field records, the cultures usually

were started with nymphs.

In twelve cultures of T. protracta , maintained in the labora-

tory for isolation of strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, the age of

the cultures in days varied from 320 to 1068, the average being

805 days. The number of feedings of the bugs in these cultures

varied from five to 27, the average being 14. The average in-

terval between feedings for the 12 cultures was 58 days, the

extremes being 37 to 69. The longest interval between feeding

which the Triatoma survived was 213 days, the average of the

longest intervals for the 12 cultures being 155 days. These bugs

APRIL, 1941]

WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

were probably large nymphs which fed to capacity at the pre-

vious feeding. One isolated adult male from another group of

cultures lived 205 days on three feedings.

In another culture, four females produced 83 eggs.

The host mammals collected in nests where Triatoma pro-

tracta only occurred are Neotoma fuscipes annectens Elliot and

N. /. macrotis Thomas in California, and Neotoma albigula

albigula Hartley and N. lepida lepida Thomas from Utah.

Triatoma protracta woodi Usinger

Infected localities: Near the Chisos Mountains, Brewster

County, Texas; 13 miles east of Marathon, Brewster County,

Texas; and near Quemado, in the Quemado Valley, Maverick

County, Texas.

Uninfected localities: (See Usinger, 1939). In Arizona:

Near “Pankeyville,” three miles north of the junction of State

Highways 14 and 81, on 81, Cochise County; near Congress

Junction, Yavapai County; and the Alvarado Mine, near Con-

gress Junction, Yavapai County. In New Mexico: Eleven and

17 miles west of Las Cruces, Dona Ana County; 37 and 51 miles

northeast of Carlsbad, Lea County ; and two miles north of

Socorro, Socorro County. In Texas: Four and 10 miles north-

west of Bosque Bonito, Hudspeth County; 32 miles northwest

of Pecos, Reeves County; 68 miles south of Marathon, Brewster

County; four and 19% miles east of Eagle Pass, Maverick

County; 24 miles south of Laredo, Webb County; and 23 miles

south of Catarina, Webb County.

This cone-nosed bug was referred to in a previous publica-

tion as a pale castaneous form of T. protracta (See Wood and

Wood, 1938, p. 210). Throughout the southwestern United

States, 489 Triatoma protracta woodi have been collected, of

which 415 have been examined and 20 (4.81%) found infected

with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. All of the bugs were collected

in the nests of wood rats ( Neotoma spp.).

In the areas where Triatoma proctracta woodi only was col-

lected, the writer has taken 433 bugs from 59 rat nests, an aver-

age of 7.33 bugs per nest. The largest number of bugs from

one nest was 76, from 13 miles east of Marathon. Near the

Chisos Mountains, of 23 bugs collected one (4.34%) was in-

fected. This involved the examination of four rat nests, one of

which had no Triatoma. Thirteen miles east of Marathon, 142

protracta woodi were collected of which 18 (12.60%) were

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V OL. XVII NO. 2

infected. Here, nine rat nests were examined of which one had

no Triatoma. Of the eight infested nests, five harbored infected

bugs. Examination of nine bugs from the Quemado Valley re-

vealed one infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.

Field records of 415 Triatoma protracta woodi examined

show that 56 adults, and 82 large, 160 medium and 117 small

nymphs were collected.

Life history: The total number of days for six mixed cul-

tures (adults and nymphs) of Triatoma protracta woodi varied

from 883 to 1369, the average being 1074. This involved from

10 to 17 feedings, the average being 13.5 feedings. The range

of intervals in days between feedings for the six cultures was

58 to 108, the average being 80.5 days. The longest interval

that any of the bugs survived was 217 days. The average of the

longest intervals of the six cultures was 199 days. In another

culture, one of three nymphs was raised from the egg through

adulthood in 593 days on 15 feedings. The longest feeding in-

terval this male T. p. woodi survived as a nymph was 129 days.

One isolated female produced 21 fertile eggs. This same

female lived 202 days on five feedings. One male in another

culture lived 94 days on two feedings. Another male lived 205

days on two feedings.

The host mammal collected in New Mexico from nests in

which only T. p. woodi was found is Neotoma albigula albigula

Hartley.

Triatoma rubida (Uhler)

Infected localities: Alvarado Mine, near Congress Junction,

Yavapai County, Arizona, and Sanderson, Terrell County, Texas.

Uninfected localities: In California: Along Palms to Pines

Highway, near Cathedral City, Riverside County. In Arizona:

Broadway and Craycroft Avenue, Tucson, Pima County; near

“Pankey ville,” three miles north of the junction of State High-

ways 14 and 81, on 81, Cochise County; six miles southwest

of Sedona, Yavapai County; Sullivan Mine, near Congress,

Yavapai County; Congress Junction and vicinity, Yavapai

County; and five miles west of Wickenberg, Maricopa County.

In New Mexico: Eleven and 17 miles west of Las Cruces, Dona

Ana County, and 30 miles southwest of Silver City, Grant

County.

This cone-nosed bug was previously referred to by us (Wood

and Wood, 1938, p. 210) as Eutriatoma ( Triatoma ) uhleri

APRIL, 1941]

WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

(Neiva). Throughout the southwestern United States, 771 speci-

mens of Triatoma rubida have been collected or sent to the

writer, of which 230 have been examined and three (1.30%)

found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. One hundred

seventy-six were collected in wood rat ( Neotoma spp.) nests

and 595 were collected in or on houses and tents.

In the areas where only Triatoma rubida was found, the

writer has taken 19 bugs from 24 rat nests. The largest number

taken from one nest was 16 near Congress Junction. Of the 135

rubida examined during 1939 and 1940 from the Alvarado Mine,

78 came from rat nests and 57 from the inside or outside of

houses or tents. The only infected specimen was one of 78 bugs

collected from 32 rat nests of which 14 did not yield any bugs.

Of five female rubida received from a house in Sanderson, Texas,

two females were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.

Field records of 230 Triatoma rubida examined show that

87 adults, and 32 large, 86 medium, and 25 small nymphs were

collected.

Life history: One laboratory culture started from a group of

eggs laid by bugs collected six miles southwest of Sedona,

Yavapai County, Arizona, was maintained for 1014 days. The

total number of feedings was 26. The average interval between

feedings was 38 days while the longest interval that one large

nymph survived was 154 days. At the tenth feeding, there were

22 nymphs. At the twenty-sixth and last feeding, there was one

large nymph. One nymph was fatally injured with forceps and

five were eaten by the rats. Four nymphs were found dead at

685 days, one was found dead at 777 days, one at 958 days and

one large nymph survived 1014 days but was too weak to feed.

Nine nymphs completed metamorphosis. The life span of these

adults (five males, four females) from first instar nymphs to

death varied from 691 to 833 days on 20 and 21 feedings.

An isolated female T. rubida lived 58 days on two feedings

and deposited 61 fertile eggs. In another culture, three females

deposited 129 eggs. In a different culture, two females collected

as adults lived 63 days on four feedings and deposited 87 eggs.

Another isolated female lived 59 days on two feedings and de-

posited 38 eggs. In another culture, one female lived 49 days

on three feedings while a second female lived 63 days on three

feedings.

During the early evening of May 30, 1940, the writer ob-

served Triatoma rubida and T. longipes in flight at the Alvarado

the pan-pacific entomologist [vol. xvii no. 2

Mine in Arizona. As soon as it became dark, close watch was

kept of our tent walls, and the window screens of one miner’s

house. Usually, the noise of the insect as it flew by or hit the

screen or tent wall attracted our attention. They seemed to come

down canyon with the warm wind. The writer projected a flash-

light beam into the air at about a 45° angle and Triatoma could

be spotted as they flew across this light beam. Sixteen adults

(12 rubida, 4 longipes ) were collected on this night. The fol-

lowing night, 29 adults (26 rubida , 3 longipes ) were collected. On

both occasions, bugs were prevalent in the early evening. About

9:30 p. m. the wind became cool and the Triatoma no longer

could be found, although the next morning several were col-

lected inside the tent.

The host mammal taken in nests in Arizona where only Tria-

toma rubida were collected was Neotoma albigula albigula

Hartley.

Triatoma longipes Barber

The only locality where the writer has collected this bug is

the Alvarado Mine, near Congress Junction, Yavapai County,

Arizona. From this area, the writer has collected or received

for examination during 1939 and 1940, 152 Triatoma longipes

of which 62 were examined and 10 (16.12%) found infected

with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. One hundred forty-eight were

collected in or on houses or tents, two were taken on sleeping

bags, one was found in a mine shaft near the entrance and one

was collected under a large rock slab of a big boulder.

Field records of 62 Triatoma longipes examined show that

59 adults and three large nymphs were collected.

Life history: One culture of 12 adult Triatoma longipes

(four females, 8 males) was maintained for 85 days at which

time four adults (three males, one female) were still alive. This

was during summer weather in a reinforced concrete building.

The number of feedings was seven and the feeding interval

averaged 11 days with 19 days as the longest interval between

feedings. One of the males in this culture lived 23 days, another

male and three females lived 34 days whereas three males and

one female lived longer than 85 days.

In another culture, one male lived 111 days on five feedings.

One female of a different culture lived 75 days on four feed-

ings. This same female, the only one in the culture, deposited

157 eggs.

APRIL, 1941]

WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

Triatoma gerstceckeri (Stal)

Infected localities: Quemado Valley, near Quemado, Mav-

erick County, Texas, and 25 miles northwest of Hondo, Medina

County, Texas.

Uninfected localities: Five and one-half miles north of

Salineno, Starr County; two and six-tenths miles south of Fays-

ville, Cameron County; two miles south of Faysville, Hidalgo

County; five and five-tenths miles east of Benavides, Duval

County; one mile west of Realitos, Duval County; four miles

east and nine miles west of Aguilares, Webb County; two miles

west of Webb, Webb County; 23 miles south of Catarina, Webb

County; two miles south of Asherton, Dimmit County; and Sand-

erson, Terrell County, all in Texas.

Fifty-five Triatoma gerstceckeri were received or collected

of which 54 were examined and three (5.55%) found infected

with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. Fifty-two of these bugs came

from wood rat ( Neotoma spp.) nests and three came from houses.

In areas where only gerstceckeri was found, the writer col-

lected 14 bugs from 18 wood rat nests. The largest number col-

lected from any one nest was 13 in a nest 5.5 miles east of

Benavides. Two large nymphs from the Quemado Valley and

one female received from a house 25 miles northwest of Hondo

were found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Of 12 wood rat

nests examined in the Quemado Valley, only two harbored bugs

and one of these contained the infected nymphs.

Field records of 54 Triatoma gerstceckeri examined show that

three adults, and 22 large, 15 medium and 14 small nymphs

were collected.

Life history: One laboratory-raised female lived 119 days

on five feedings. In another culture, a male lived 53 days on

two feedings, while another male lived 119 days on five feed-

ings. In a different culture, one female collected in the field

lived 40 days in the laboratory on one feeding.

Triatoma heidemanni Neiva

Uninfected localities: Twenty-three miles south of Catarina,

Webb County, Texas, and two miles south of Asherton, Dimmit

County, Texas.

Thirteen Triatoma heidemanni were collected in wood rat

nests. All were examined and found to be negative for Trypano-

soma cruzi. There were two adults (one male, one female),

and eight medium and three small nymphs.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yQL. XVII NO. 2

Life history: In a laboratory culture, one male lived 71 days

on four feedings at intervals of 14, 7 and 18 days while another

male lived 228 days on nine feedings at intervals of 7, 18, 29,

40, 14, 46, 21 and 14 days.

Triatoma sanguisuga Leconte

Uninfected localities: Five and five-tenths miles east of Bena-

vides, Duval County, Texas; one mile west of Realitos, Duval

County, Texas; and four miles east of Aguilares, Webb County,

Texas.

Ten Triatoma sanguisuga were collected in wood rat nests.

All were found negative upon examination. There was one adult

female, and seven medium and two small nymphs.

Life history: In one laboratory culture, a female lived 155

days on four feedings at intervals of 64, 20 and 13 days.

Triatoma indictiva Neiva

Uninfected localities: 5.5 miles east of Benavides, Duval

County, Texas, and “The Pines,” Tyrone, Grant County, New

Mexico.

Four medium-sized nymphs of Triatoma indictiva were col-

lected in wood rat ( Neotoma spp.) nests.

Life history: One female Triatoma indictiva from near Bena-

vides lived 257 days on 9 feedings. The longest interval between

feedings was 46 days, the average being 25 days. Two females

from Tyrone lived 15 days after completing metamorphosis

during the summer. Another male from Tyrone lived 47 days

after feeding on a large nymph of Triatoma protracta which had

recently fed. This is the first instance of cannibalism ever seen

in the cultures. The large nymph of protracta seemed annoyed

by the contact but the indictiva followed it wherever it went,

keeping its proboscis tip in contact with the underside of the ab-

domen and evidently continued feeding. In a few minutes, the

bugs were separated and the wing tips of the indictiva were well

elevated above the end of its abdomen which was partly distended.

The T. protracta nymph was not noticeably deflated even after

the feeding of the indictiva, but there was less tension on the skin

of its abdomen. On the abdomen, at the point of contact with

the proboscis, there was a small droplet of clear fluid after the

indictiva had moved away.

(To be continued in next number)

APRIL, 1941]

BOHART— CONOPID OVIPOSITION

THE OVIPOSITION OF CONOPID FLIES UPON SMALLER

ANDRENID BEES

BY G. E. BOHART

University of California, Davis

The following observations were made at Berkeley, Cali-

fornia, in February, 1937 and 1938. A species of conopid fly,

Myopa rubida Bigot, was seen to oviposit in several species of

andrenid bees. In one instance an Andrena complexa Viereck

was crowded from a blossom of Ranunculus calif ornicus Benth.

by one of these parasites which then followed directly behind

the bee and seized it in flight at a distance of two or three yards

from the flower. The fly grasped the bee’s thorax and carried

the bee in a straight line for about twenty feet, then released

hold and flew away. At this point the fly was captured and

ascertained to be a female. Since the bee escaped, the exact

placement of the egg was not determined. The same procedure

was observed nearby on a Brassica campestris Linn, blossom

with an undescribed black Andrena.

The following year several conopids were found pursuing

Andrena of different species around the branches of blooming

Salix trees. In all cases the conopid followed the intricate flight

path of its quarry before capturing it. An Andrena pallidiscopa

Viereck was captured together with its parasite but examination

revealed that oviposition had not yet been accomplished.

Published observations on the oviposition of conopids have

generally been confined to that upon larger insects, such as

Bremus and Vespula, 1 or Bembix. 2 The remarkable feature of

the attack upon Andrena is the usual size discrepancy in favor

of the parasite. The Andrena complexa observed was not more

than half the size of its aggressor and a smaller but still notice-

able size difference occurred between Andrena pallidiscopa

Viereck and its parasite. The larvae of these flies must find

enough food in the abdomens of their adult hosts to complete

development. Such a ratio of size of parasite to size of prey is

exactly the opposite of the condition usually found in insects.

Three possible explanations of this condition are discussed

below. First, there must be a very complete utilization of the

abdominal contents of the bee. A dead Andrena containing a

1 Meijere, V. C. 1903. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Biologie und der Sys-

tematischen verwandtschaft der Conopiden. Tijdsch. voor Ent. 46:144-225.

2 Bohart, G. E. and J. W. MacSwain. 1939. The life history of the sand

wasp, Bembix occidentalis beutenmuelleri Fox and its parasites. Bull. South.

Calif. Acad. Sci. 38:84-98.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVII NO 2

conopid puparium has its greatly distended abdomen completely

filled by the parasite. In addition, nectar taken by the bee is

probably absorbed by the larva. This might even cause an in-

crease in the appetite of the bee. Second, a conopid undergoes

considerable expansion after emergence. This can be demon-

strated by comparing the small, shriveled appearing pupa of

Myopa taken from its puparium with a fully developed and

expanded adult. Hence it seems logical to suppose that the para-

site has a lower specific gravity than its host. Third, there is a

great variation in the size of adult conopids of the same species.

This may amount to a doubling in size of the largest example

over that of the smallest. Inasmuch as these flies are not host

specific, we may postulate that large specimens developed in

large Andrena while sma,ll conopids developed in small host

species, regardless of the size of their parents.

Winter Insect Collecting in Mexico

The results of two weeks’ collecting by H. Welsh, Thurman

Crawford and the authors in Mexico, starting December 23, 1940

indicated that at this season general insect collecting is very

profitable in the more humid areas. Along the route covered

from Laredo, Texas, to Mexico City and east to Vera Cruz, good

collecting was encountered almost anywhere in the territory

south of Valles and east of the Sierra Madre Orientale. On the

mountain slopes and in the canyons, especially west of Tamuzu-

nchale where the Pan-American highway ascends to the Mexican

Plateau and in the Orizaba Valley near Cordoba, many plants

were in bloom and conditions were ideal for all sorts of flying in-

sects. In the lowland forests, night beating for leaf -feeding insects,

sweeping for shade-dwelling Diptera, and pulling apart rotten

wood for fungous feeders was usually successful.

In the semi-arid region north of Valles, which enjoys a wet

season in the summer and early fall, conditions were too dry for

most orders of insects. However, in spite of the lack of flowers

and fresh vegetation, butterflies were very abundant in this area.

Similarly, the high arid country of the Mexican Plateau and the

upland coniferous, forests bordering it were too dried out even

though the weather was sufficiently warm for flying insects.

Since nights were cool everywhere, collecting by lantern was

limited mainly to insects feeding or resting nearby. — G. E.

Bohart and N. Stahler.

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Vol. XVII July, 1941 No. 3

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

ESSIG, ITINERARY OF LORD WALSINGHAM 97

TILDEN AND MANSFIELD, CALIFORNIA LEPIDOPTERA 113

WOOD, CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS (concluded) 115

MICHENER, THE, GENUS TRACHUSA 119

FENDER, NOTES ON CANTHARIS 126

LEECH, TWO NEW SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS..... 129

LANE, THREE NEW SPECIES OF ELATERIDiE 133

DRAKE, THREE NEW AMERICAN TINGITIDiE 139

BOHART, REVIEW OF THE GENUS PHYSOCEPHALA 14L

San Francisco, California

1941

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

EDITORIAL BOARD

E. S. Ross R. L. Usingeb E. C. Van Dyke

Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editor

G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley

Treasurer

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society

Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic

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Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoflice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

THOMAS DE GREY, D.L., F.R.S., F.E.S., etc., Sixth Baron

Walsingham (1843-1919), a lepidopterist of note and one of

the greatest figures in the history of shooting in the British

Empire. (From his book “Hit or Miss” by Phillip Allan.}

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XVII, No. 3

July, 1941

ITINERARY OF LORD WALSINGHAM IN CALIFORNIA

AND OREGON, 1871—1872

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley

Lord Walsingham is a name familiar to entomologists

throughout much of the world. It is a very honored one in

England where his Lordship lived. How it became important to

entomology in North America and particularly to the Pacific

coast is the purpose of this sketch. But before beginning our

narrative, it might be well to briefly sketch his interesting career

before he came to travel in this country in the years 1871 and

1872. He was educated at Eaton and Trinity College, Cambridge

University, and had just finished a five-year term as Conservative

M. P. for West Norfolk. He was at the time a member of the

Entomological Society of London and a Trustee of the great

British Museum. He had traveled extensively in the Old World

and already had gained a reputation as an authority on the

Microlepidoptera or smaller moths. He was but little known in

eastern United States and was wholly a stranger to the Pacific

coast. Here he had come for the express purpose of collecting

moths to add to his collections. He was very successful in his

quest and returned home with a large number of specimens most

of which he later described as new species from California and

Oregon. Unfamiliar as he was in a relatively wild country, he

was unable to give very accurate and detailed locality records

for many of these western moths, and American entomologists

who have studied his species have at times wished for more

exact information concerning the localities from which they may

have been taken.

Knowing that he had presented his magnificent collection of

50,000 specimens of Microlepidoptera to the British Museum of

Natural History in 1910, I sought some information regarding

his activities in western North America while I was engaged in

research work at the Museum during the winter and spring of

1937. Fortunately, it was possible to consult with Mr. H. Stringer,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

formerly associated with Lord Walsingham and then one of the

keepers of the Walsingham collections. Among other things he

showed me the diaries kept by Lord Walsingham and his esquarry,

Amos Carrier. These diaries seemed to be of so much interest

and importance to American zoologists and especially to micro-

lepidopterists that I asked permission to copy them. This was

granted and longhand copies were made which are reproduced

in this article.

These extracts are published by permission of the Trustees of

the British Museum with the consent of the present Lord

Walsingham.

In the late summer of 1871 the sixth Baron Walsingham

arrived in San Francisco from England with an entourage for

the purpose of exploring certain parts of northern California and

Oregon for the collection of entomological and other zoological

specimens to add to his large collections in Norfolk, England.

He and his party had crossed the Atlantic by boat and traversed

the United States via the newly constructed continental railway.

They planned to continue by horseback and horse-drawn vehicles.

In addition to his Lordship the party included Thomas Eedle,

Amos Carrier, groom and author of the Carrier diary, Cater,

Hiram Monts, Thomas Morton, trapper from Portuguese Flats,

California, and Charley Morton, his son. The equipage con-

sisted of saddle horses for riding and mules and wagon to haul

provisions and equipment through the sparsely settled and

wilderness areas through which the party was to pass. It appears

that Lord Walsingham, probably accompanied by Thos. Eedle,

left San Francisco on Friday, May 17, 1871, by train to Petaluma

where they joined Amos Carrier and the equipage which were

transported by boat. There are some discrepancies in the two

diaries, but I am giving them just as they were written by Wals-

ingham and Carrier. The accompanying maps, traced from the

originals, give the locations of the camps by number as indi-

cated in the text. Interpolations and additions by me are in

brackets.

Unfortunately so far I have been unable to secure any in-

formation concerning the equipage of this expedition and very

little other information has been available. The arrival of Lord

Walsingham in San Francisco created little comment in the local

press. However, the following items from San Francisco papers

are worthy of note.

JULY, 1941] ESSIG WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

Daily Evening Bulletin, vol. 32, Wednesday Evening, May

17, 1871 1 .

“ Earl de Grey’s Invitation — The invitation to the recent recep-

tion of Earl de Grey, at Washington, consisted of a small card,

with merely the words written upon it, ‘Earl de Grey, at Home,

Saturday, April 22, 9 P. M.’ These a fellow carried around on

horseback in a basket and we are having a violent discussion in

town as to whether this originated in Earl de Grey’s contempt for

America socially, or whether it really is the nobby way, to be ini-

tiated by all hereafter. We have heard of cards at weddings before,

but we never heard of no envelopes to the huge size pasteboard,

and the gorgeous envelope this aristocratic Earl has dispensed

with. I think it a good thing myself and could be further innovated

on if the fellow on horseback would just take a list of the guests,

and then ride up to the door of each, and give a yell like the char-

coal man and milk fellow: it would be very simple, straightforward

and democratic, and then it would have the further advantage of

letting all your neighbors know that you have been invited out. —

Donn Piatt.”

San Francisco News Letter and Advertiser — May 13,

1871, p. 13.

“ Entomological . Lord Walsingham and his associate savants

will be received on their arrival in San Francisco by the California

Lepidoptera Society, of which Dr. Behr, Dr. Behrens, Harry Ed-

wards, and Julius Quinchard are the most distinguished members.

Dr. Behr has a very large and valuable collection of the lepidop-

tera, embracing rare specimens from every part of the globe.

Harry Edwards is also the owner of an extensive collection, both

of which will, no doubt, be inspected by the British entomologist.”

San Francisco News Letter and Advertiser — May 13,

1871, p. 8.

“When the Party of British entomologists shall arrive on their

scientific mission for the inspection and classification of our Cali-

fornia ‘bugs/ it is to be hoped that they will take an early oppor-

tunity to move one -of our San Francisco Jenkinses of the ‘Society

Gossip’ variety under the microscope.”

San Francisco News Letter and California Advertiser —

May 27, 1871, p. 9.

The Town Crier

“Lord Walsingham, an accomplished bug sharp, is in California

making a collection of insects and reptiles. He has already found

a great number of nice little toadies.”

1 This is the day Earl de Grey left San Francisco on his tour through North-

ern California and Oregon. Apparently the Bulletin Staff did not know he was

in town since I found no mention of him in that paper.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Daily Alta California, Vol. XXIII, Saturday Morning,

May 13, 1871.

Arrivals from England

“Lord Walsingham, a savant, whose careful studies in natural

history have made him distinguished among scientific men of

England, Lord Walter Campbell, the Hon. Mr. Laird, the Hon. M.

Chaplin, and Mr. A. De Laski arrived overland last evening

[Friday, May 12, 1871 ] and are stopping at the Grand Hotel.”

WALSINGHAM DIARY

13. V. 1871. San Francisco — col-

lected a few species at Rock

Cliff House near San Fran-

cisco among growth of lupin

and other shrubby plants on

sand.

17. V. 1871. San Francisco — off

at 1 via Petaluma (Ameri-

can Hotel).

18. V. 1871. Collected near Peta-

luma 6 a. m. Gelechia very

abundant. 3 specimens set.

Plume allied to teucrii — 1

specimen.

On way to Santa Rosa — Buc -

culatrix . . . cocoons abun-

dant on wide-leaved ever-

green oak [ Quercus agrifolia

Nee]. Halias (?) on same

oak. Lithocolletis, Tinea

(black sp.), Laverna ?? (a

small sp.), Phyllocnistis? one

pupa.

Camp 1. 18. V. 1871. Four miles

south of Santa Rosa (13 miles

from Petaluma). Shot 1 yel-

low lark, 1 woodspeck, 1 nut-

hatch, 2 doves, 1 thrush

(brown breast). Killed small

snake.

Camp 2. 19. V. 1871. Russian

River. Up early — shot 2

woods-pecks. Saw California

quail. Start to pass Santa

Rosa and get on as far as

may be to good camp. Got a

few things on road to Camp

2. Took BnccuXatrix sp. com-

mon among plant pressed

(labelled Camp 2. Bucc.).

CARRIER DIARY

17. V. 71 (Th.). [Thursday, May

17, 1871]. 2 Left San Fran-

cisco and sailed to Petaluma

[taking wagon, animals, sup-

plies, and equipment].

19. V. 71 (F.) . Camped near San-

ta Rosa.

2 Explanatory notes in brackets by E. O. Essig.

JULY, 1941]

ESSIG WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

101

Figure 1. Itinerary of the Walsingham party through Calif or

nia, 1871-1872.

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Coleophora cases on leaves of

bush (labelled Camp No. 2.

Col.). Took a number of in-

sects and some birds — killed

but lost a humming 1 bird.

Killed dotterel, hawks, wood-

peckers, etc., etc.

Camp 3. Dry Creek. 20-21. V.

1871. Shot several birds by

road. Mis-directed to Geyser

Springs and made a turn left

instead of right. Found good

camp and collecting ground.

Stayed over Sunday. Shot a

humming bird. They are easy

to see — hard to shoot — hard

to pick up — easy to miss.

21. V. 1871. Sunday. Windy,

no collecting.

20-21, 1871. (S.-S.). Camped

over Sunday.

22-23. V. 1871. Sonoma Coun-

ty, Cal. Off towards Clover-

dale, but wishing to see the

Geyser Springs on the way,

sent the waggon on with

Eedle and Carrier to camp

past Cloverdale, while Cater

and I, with net, pill-boxes and

pistols only, rode over 15 or

20 miles by the old road from

Geyserville to the springs —

the most beautiful scenery I

ever saw, but a road which

would have been simply de-

structive to the waggon.

Many moths flying, boxed a

few including a good Hypo-

nomeuta. Arrived at hotel

and saw geyser — regular

tourist haunt puffed by a

penny peep-show — sort of a

German landlord. Guide

talked a good deal about the

devil !

Camp 4. Near Pluton Creek

[Pluto Creek].

22-3. V. 1871. Walsingham &

Eedle.

23. V. 1871. Off at 5:30 by

trail toward Cloverdale —

trail mighty weak — lost it

very often and wandered up

and down enormous hills — in

one place found a X for a

sign-post marked with a “To

the Geysers. Excuse twist —

new road.” It was a twist

with a vengeance and as

hard a bit of riding as I ever

22. V. 71. (M.). Left Healdsburg

early on Monday morning.

Travelled through Cloverdale

— wanted bread, could not

get any nor potatoes — trav-

elled a long way before we

could find a place to camp.

Found a place at last with

beautiful water — but no grass

for the mules — one of the

mules fell into the brook in

the night — great trouble to

get out. Carrier and Eedle

camped alone. Lord Walsing-

ham and Cater gone back to

Geysers — are to pick us up

today if possible. 23. V. 71

(Tu.).

JULY, 1941] ESSIG WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

103

did. If the pony slipped, no

chance. I walked and drove

my pony before me the

greater part of the way. A

good evening’s work at col-

lecting.

Camp 5. Head of Dry Creek. 24.

V. 1871. Mendocino Co., Cal-

ifornia. Went on today to

Camp No. 5 on the same Dry

Creek as No. 3 — near the

head of it on the road from

Cloverdale to Mendocino.

Adela . . . took 2 or 3 on way

and at camp.

Camp 6. Small river (west of

Divide — ? running into Na-

varro River) . South Mendo-

cino Co. Cal. 25. V. 1871. On

again, a short march after a

long morning’s setting.

Reached a camp (Camp 6)

on a small river running to-

wards the Pacific showing

that we crossed the divide.

Under the edge of the big

trees ( Tax odium semper -

virens [ Sequoia ] — a bad col-

lecting camp. Saw a skunk —

heeled a stone at him — didn’t

he stink! Saw a very large

red and black woodpecker.

Camp 7. Rancheria Creek (Na-

varro River). Mendocino Co.

26. V. 1871. On again to Camp

7 on Navarro River — 15 miles

march — rough road. Lots of

quail, hares, and tracks of

deer. Several humming birds,

shot three. Saw black and

white kingfisher. Beautiful

collecting ground, but wet

weather, and only took 2

Arctiae, one or two Plumes

and some few odds and ends.

Camp 8. In redwoods near Na-

varro River. Mendocino

Co., Cal. 27-28. V. 1871.

Marched on right into the big

redwoods ( Taxodium sem-

pervirens) enormous trees

about 180 feet high I guess,

miles and miles of this.

Camp in middle of redwoods

where we are about 13 miles

from the forest end and from

the coast.

24. V. 71. (W.). Caught large

snake.

25. V. 71. (Th.). Camped beside

river — Creek (dry).

27-28. V. 71. (S.-S.). Camped in

the middle of large forest —

14 miles to go before we get

out tomorrow — no moths to

be caught — frogs very noisy.

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

28. V. 1871. Whit Sunday!

Stopped in camp — a most un-

comfortable camp on side of

hill. No birds except hum-

ming birds and no insects to

speak of.

Camp 9. Clearing in redwoods

near Navarro River. Mendo-

cino Co., Cal. 29. V. 1871.

Shot three humming birds.

On towards Mendocino. Went

out for deer early — saw a

hind and calf — no shot. Road

fearfully bad and hilly, slow

progress, reached within

three miles of coast and

camped at a log clearing.

Saw a big tree cut. Caught a

small ?? Cerostoma

sp. white — smaller than the

last species ghost moth — 6

spms.

Camp 10. Mouth of Albion River.

Mendocino Co., Cal. 30-31.

V. 1871.

30 V. 1871. Marched to Al-

bion River and camped at

mouth. Cold, most disap-

pointing country, very few

insects and chiefly European

species. Lots of different

flowers on side hill.

31. V. 1871. Camp again

same place.

Camp 11. One mile south of

Mendocino City. Mendocino

Co., Cal. 1-2. VI. 1871. 1.

VI. 1871. Moved towards

Mendocino — camped a mile

south of it. 2. VI. 1871. Shot

a sea-lion on outlying rocks;

had to swim over with a rope

to tug him ashore — boiling

down oil for lamps and skin-

ning sea-lion made us camp

here again. Cirisium? (=761

larvae notes No. 20). (=761

S) bred a Cirisium Buccvla-

trix. (=7660 S) bred some

Bucculatrix from evergreen

oak near Petaluma. D. Ever-

green oak nr. Santa Rosa. 18.

V. 71. excl. 2. VI. 1871.

28. V. 71. Whit Sunday. Could

not travel — very heavy rain.

Very large trees. Guide rode

his horse into one tree which

was hollow and turned around

— thought we had lost him!

Expect to reach the Pacific

Ocean at Mendocino.

29. V. 71. (M.). Started for Men-

docino — got stuck fast with

waggon and mules — had to

wait till Lord Walsingham

and Cater came to help out.

Still in forest — large tree on

fire.

30. V. 71. (Tu.). Mouth of Al-

bion River. Very large tree

falling.

31. V. 71. (W.) . Camp close to

Pacific Ocean — 7 miles from

Mendocino City — stayed two

nights — large number of In-

dians on roadside.

1-2. VI. 71. (Th.-F.). One mile

south of Mendocino City.

Lord Walsingham shot large

sea-lion. Carrier swam out

to rock some distance off to

get him. Made a great deal

of oil for lamp from sea-lion.

JULY, 1941]

ESSIG-— WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

105

Camp 12. North of Mendocino

City (close to town). Mendo-

cino Co., Cal. 3-5. VI. 1871.

3. VI. 1871. Moved to camp

12 on the north side of Men-

docino, close to town. Boiling

down bones of sea-lion for

skeleton.

4. VI. 1871. Same camp (12)

— saw three bears — no rifle!

5. VI. 1871. Same camp (12)

— went after bears — found

them but got no shot.

Camp 13. South of Noyo River

(near deserted hut in woods)

10 mi. from Mendocino City

— in forest. Mendocino Co.

6. VI. 1871. On to Camp 13

near deserted hut in woods.

Woods on fire — much smoke

— trees f alling at distance.

Camp 14. North Fork of Big

River Rio Grande. Mendo-

cino Co.

7. VI. 1871. On to Camp 14,

on head of Big River. Shot

a water ousel.

Camp 15. Head of Noyo River

(5 miles south of Little Lake

[near Willits]. Mendocino

Co., Cal. 8-11. VI. 1871. On

to Camp 15 on ridge of hill

5 miles south of Little Lake.

Saw two deer — good collect-

ing ground, several new

species.

9. VI. 1871. Same camp (15)

— hunt.

10. VI. 1871. Same camp

(15) — hunt with Frost and

Spanish George. Lots of good

moths.

11. VI. 1871. Same camp

(15) — shot two deer. Collect-

ed some mines taking up the

whole plant on which they

were . . ., bred . . . (genus?) on

June 17th. Collected and set

at this camp 400 specimens

many new.

Camp 16. Little Lake road —

past Little Lake.

12. VI. 1871. Took several

moths. ( Coleophora sp.) two

3- 5. VI. 1871. (S.-S.). North of

Mendocino City (close to

town) .

3. VI. 1871 (S.). Finished mak-

ing oil (3 gallons) from sea-

lion — packed up and trav-

elled through Mendocino

City. Found nice camp and

stayed over Sunday.

4- 5. VI. 71. (S.-M.). Sunday

very nice day. Monday same

place — very warm.

6. VI. 71. (Tu.). 10 miles from

Mendocino — in forest.

7. VI. 71. (W.) — head Big River.

8. VI. 71. (Th.). 5 miles from

Little Lake on top of moun-

tain. Saw deer — had long

way to go for water — one

spring dried up — Lord Wal-

singham caught a great

many moths.

9. VI. 71. (F.). Very hot day.

Camp same place.

10. VI. 71. (S). Still very hot.

Same place.

11. VI. 71. (S.). Lord Walshing-

ham shot two small deer —

dogs and men had good chase.

12. VI. 71. (M.). Four miles

from Little Lake — found

pretty snake and a nice camp

— not much water.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

sorts on dandelion and sun-

flower plants. Cocoons (long

white) of Tortrix on some

plants. Cocoon of Cerostoma

on blue flower. Mines of lar-

vae on dandelion.

Camp 17. 13. VI. 1871. Camp

No. 17. Short of Potter’s Val-

ley (above Potter’s Valley)

[Potter Valley].

Camp 18. 14. VI. 1871. Camp No.

18. Cold Creek Canon — Pot-

ter’s Valley.

Camp 19. Blue Lake. 15-16. VI.

1871. Bred Lithocolletes.

Bred Depressaria . . . (lost) .

Camp 20. 17. VI. 1871. On to

Camp 20, Scott’s Valley — 5

miles north of Clear Lake —

fair collecting camp — some

wet ground and much dry.

One small rattlesnake. Ants

innumerable — many hares.

19. VI. 1871. Camp No. 20.

Found bird, skins all, or

nearly all, spoilt by maggots

— fat on arsenical soap!

Moral — use alum and thor-

oughly dry skins before. This

has been a very good collect-

ing camp.

Camp 21. Lakeport. 20. VI. 1871.

on to camp 21. Lakeport. No

moths. Several nice birds —

one nest of shrike — 9 eggs of

tortoise.

Camp 22. Uncle Sam Mountain

[Mount Konocti]. 21. VI.

1871. On to Camp 22 — half

way to Lower Lake — Uncle

Sam Mt. No moths.

Camp 23. Lower Lake (Cash

Creek) [Cache Creek]. 22.

VI. 1871. Fish in Cash Creek.

23. VI. 1871. Camp 23—

caught 4 nice fish (largest

about 4 lbs.) probably allied

to Barbel — grandisl [Sucker]

13. VI. 71. (Tu.). Cold Creek

Canyon — three miles from

Potter’s Valley.

14. VI. 71. (W.). Potter’s Vale

[Po tter Valley] — caught

small trout — had them for

breakfast on Thursday. Trav-

elled through beautiful val-

ley to Blue Lake.

15-17. VI. 71. (Th.-S.) . Same

place.

18. VI. 71. (S.). Scott’s Valley.

19. VI. 71. (M.). Same place.

Carrier caught beautiful

snake, brown and white.

Very hot. Lord Walsingham

caught a great many moths.

A pleasant Sunday was

spent by all.

20. VI. 71. (Tu.). Clear Lake.

21. VI. 71 (W.). Travelled

through Lake Port — got pro-

visions to last till arrive at

next place, which probably

will be Fort Crook. Weather

very hot. Uncle Sam Moun-

tain. Carrier very ill.

22-23. VI. 71. (Th.-F.). Cash

Creek.

JULY, 1941]

ESSIG — WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

107

Camp 24. South-west Colusa Co.

North Fork Cache Creek. 24-

25-VI. 1871.

Camp 25. Phip’s Place. 26. VI.

1871.

Camp 26. Bear Valley [South-

western Colusa County]. 27.

VI. 1871.

Camp 27. Three miles from In-

dian Valley.

Camp 28. Deserted Ranch (S. of

South Fork of Stony Creek).

29. VI. 1871.

Camp 29. South Fork of Stony

Creek. 30. VI. -3. VII. 1871.

Camp 30. Near South Fork of

Stony Creek. 4. VII. 1871.

Camp 31. Newville. 5. VII. 1871.

[Newville was located on the

boundary between Colusa —

now Glenn and Tehama

counties.]

Camp 32. North Fork of Stony

Creek. 6-7. VII. 1871.

Camp 33. Thomas Creek.

Camp 34. Red Bluff. 8. VII. 1871.

Camp 35. Jelly Ferry.

Camp 36. Millville. 5. VII. 1871.

Camp 37. Cow Springs (= Hum-

mingbird Springs) .

24. VI. 71. (S.). North Fork

Cash Creek. No moths on

wing.

25. VI. 71. (S.). Same place —

close to Indian’s grave, where

one was burned and buried.

Carrier picked up some

beads which were burned

with the Indian.

26. VI. 71. (M.). Camp not

known.

27. VI. 71. (Tu.). Bare [Bear]

Valley.

28. VI. 71. (W.). Three miles

from Indian Valley.

29. VI. 71. Indian Valley [In-

dian Valley crosses the

boundary between Lake and

Colusa counties near the

middle] .

30. VI. 71. (F.). Stony Creek.

1. VII. 71. (S) Same place.

Some very nice fish caught.

2. VII. 71. (S.) Same place.

3. VII. 71. (M.). Same place.

Carrier very ill — burnt very

much by sun.

4. VII. 71. (Tu.) North Fork of

Stony Creek.

5. VII. 71. (W.). Newwall [New-

ville] — found camp late at

night.

6. VII. 71. (Th.). Main and

North Fork of Stony Creek.

7. VII. 71. (F.) Thomas’ Creek

[Thomas Creek].

8. VII. 71. (S.). Red Bluff. Lord

Walsingham bought Carrier

a new hat for 4 Y 2 dollars.

9. VII. 71. (S.). Jelley’s Ferry

[Jelly Ferry, across the Sac-

ramento River].

10. VII. 71. (M.). Millville.

11-12. VII. 71. (Tu.-W.) . Camp

not known.

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Camp 38. Cedar Creek. 13. VII.

1871. [Near Silver City].

Camp 39. Hatchet Creek [Fork

of Pit Kiver]. 14-17. VII.

1871.

Camp 40. Burney Falls. 18-20.

VII. 1871.

Camp 41. Pitt [Pit] River

( = Upper Sacramento

River). 21-26. VII. 1871.

Camp 42. Bear Creek. 27-28.

VII. 1871.

Camp 43. McCloud’s Creek [Mc-

Cloud River]. 29-30. VII.

1871.

Camp 44. Winchester. 31. VII.

1871; 1. VIII. 1871.

Camp 45. Mt. Shasta (continued

here with various out camps

for hunting) . 2. VIII-1. IX.

1871. [almost a month].

13. VII. 71. (Th.). Cedar Creek.

14. VII. 71. (F.). Hatchet Creek.

Carrier caught some fine

trout. Numbers of moth on

wing.

15-16. VII. 71 (S.-S.). Same

place. Carrier stung by mos-

quito in the night — woke up

in morning with one eye

quite blind — a large rattle-

snake killed.

17. VII. 71. (M.). Same place.

18. VII. 71. (Tu.). Burney

CrGck

19. VII. 71. (W.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham caught

large salmon. Carrier caught

some trout. Baked some

bread in frying pan which

was rather heavy — all of us

were well filled out after

dinner.

20. VII. 71. (Th.).

21. VII. 71. (F.). Pit River-

numbers of Indians fishing

with spears.

22. VII. 71. (S.). Same place.

Some beautiful trout caught

by Lord Walsingham.

23. VII. 71. (S.). Same place.

24. VII. 71. (M.). Same place.

Cater shot new woodpecker.

25. VII. 71. (Tu.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham caught

six salmon trout weight

about 20 lbs.

26. VII. 71. (W.) Same place.

27. VII. 71. (Th.). Bear Creek.

Carrier’s birthday.

28. VII. 71. (F.). Same place.

29. VII. 71. (S.). McCloud

Creek.

30. VII. 71. (S.). Same place.

A man shot in Pit River for

stealing horse (day after we

left) .

31. VII. 71. (M.). Camp not

known — by creek near Chas-

ta [Mt. Shasta].

1. VIII. 71. (Tu). Same place.

2. VIII. 71 (W.) Square’s

Creek [Squaw Creek?]. Close

to Chasta Mountain. Moun-

tain covered with snow, 14,-

440 ft. high.

JULY, 1941]

ESSIG — WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

109

3. VIII. 71. (Th.). Lord Wal-

singham and Cater going to

hunt today.

4. VIII. 71. (F.). Camp same

place. Lord Walsingham

shot two deer on Mount

Chasta.

5. VIII. 71. (S.). Same place.

6. VIII. 71. (S.). Same place.

A very quiet Sunday.

7. VIII. 71. (M.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham and Cater

gone up Mount Chasta to

hunt bear.

8. VIII. 71. (Tu.). Same place

— his Lordship still hunting.

9. VIII. 71. (W.). Same place.

10. VIII. 71. (Th.). Same place.

11. VIII. 71. (F.). Same place.

Carrier had dinner with

shepherd and mountaineer.

Good sport shooting quail.

12. VIII. 71. (S.). Same place.

13. VIII. 71. (S.). Same place.

His Lordship and Cater

came down from mountain

and brought in two deer.

14-15. VIII. 71. (M.-Tu.). Same

place (i.e. Square’s [Squaw

Creek — close to Mt. Shasta.]

16. VIII. 71. (W.) Cater gone to

Beauville for stores. [Berry-

ville?]

17. VIII. 71. (Th.). Lord Wal-

singham and Eedle gone up

Mountain. Carrier left in

camp alone one night.

18-20. VIII. 71. (F.-S.). Same

place.

21. VIII. 71. (M.). Same place.

His Lordship and Cater gone

to McCleod Creek [McCloud

River], to hunt bear.

22. VIII. 71. (Tu.). Same place.

23. VIII. 71. (W.). Same place.

Carrier shot hawk.

24. VIII. 71. (Th.). Same place.

25. VIII. 71. (F.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham and Cater

came in from hunting — his

Lordship killed one black

bear and one deer.

26. VIII. 71. (S.). Same place.

27. VIII. 71. (S.). Three hunt-

ers and two Indians came to

supper. Cater very ill.

28. VIII. 71. (M.). His Lord-

ship and Eedle gone up

Mount Chasta with three

hunters to hunt bears.

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Camp 46. Ash Creek. 2. IX. 1871.

(East slope of Mt. Shasta.)

Camp. 47. Sheep Rock [5000 ft.]

3. IX. 1871.

Camp 48. Little Shasta Creek.

[Little Shasta River]. 4-5.

IX. 1871.

Camp 49. Bull’s Meadows [Balls’

Meadows]. 6-7. IX. 1871.

Camp 50. Muddy Lake. 8. IX.

1871.

Camp 51. Alkali Lake. 9. IX.

1871.

Camp 52. Willow Creek. 10-11.

IX. 1871.

Camp 53. Lower Klamath Lake

— broke down. 12-15. IX.

1871.

Camp 54.

29. VIII. 71. (Tu.). Carrier very

ill.

30. VIII. 71. (W.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham returned

from mountain with two

large Bucks.

31. VIII. 71. (Th.). Same place.

1. IX. 71. (F.). Same place.

His Lordship and Eedle

packed up birds for England.

2. IX. 71. (S.). Left Chasta.

2. IX. 71. (S.). Ash Creek. For-

est on fire. Trees falling in

all directions.

3. IX. 71. (S.). Sheep Rocks.

Had to travel some distance

before we could get water.

Beautiful scenery.

4. IX. 71. (M.). Little Chasta

Creek.

5. IX. 71. (Tu.). Cater came

home with stores.

6. IX. 71. (W.). Bull’s Meadow.

Pretty camp with plenty of

grass for the cattle. A gray

fox killed.

7. IX. 71. (Th.). Same place.

8. IX. 1871. (F.). Butte Lake

Valley. [Butte Creek Valley].

9. IX. 1871. (S.). Hot Creek.

Great many ducks shot and

one goose.

10. IX. 1871. (S.). Willow Creek

— plenty of wild ducks shot.

11. IX. 1871. (M.). Willow

Creek.

12. IX. 1871. (Tu.). Same place.

[Willow Creek]. Carrier

caught 22 trout.

13. IX. 1871. (W.). Little Clam-

worth Lake [Little or Lower

Klamath Lake] . Saw bull

fight in the morning. Our

waggon broke down. Saw hot

springs.

14. IX. 1871. (Th.). Same place.

Lord Walsingham killed Pea

and other wild fowls on

Lake.

15. IX. 1871. (F.). Same place.

Cater came back with axle-

tree for waggon.

JULY, 1941]

ESSIG WALSINGHAM ITINERARY

111

Trip Through Oregon

Lord Walsingham extended his explorations northward into

Oregon where he was occupied chiefly in hunting during the

period of September 16, 1871, to June 17, 1872.

Mop Of Oregon Modified Irora Blue Print U.S.TSlitary Mop 1881

Figure 2. Itinerary of the Walsingham party in Oregon, 1871-

1872.

Excepting for the map and the few remarks by Carrier, in-

formation concerning the trip through Oregon is not available

at this time. I suspect that more data was prepared, but it was

apparently not brought to my attention. It is hoped that such in-

formation as may be procurable will be presented at a later date.

On examining the map it will be seen that the series of camp

numbers terminates with 61 just north of Summit Lake in south-

eastern Lane County or the extreme northwestern part of Klamath

County. Here the old road turned abruptly east for a short dis-

tance! and joined the road which may now be U. S. Highway 97

through Little Meadows and then turns off east to Princeville

and up the Crooked River soon taking a southeasterly route by

Round Butte and through Camp Curry, Harney Lake Valley, and

on to Fort Harney. From here the route lay north to Canyon

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

City and thence northwest through Fort Watson [Camp Watson],

Bridge Creek, Cherry Creek, Currant Creek, Antelope Creek,

across the Deschutes River [Deschutes Bridge] to The Dalles.

The camps from Summit Lake to Camp Watson are not numbered

and only a few are indicated but beginning with Camp Watson

as Camp 1, eight camps are indicated on the journey down to

the Dalles. From here the trip to Portland was made by boat.

The journey south from Portland was by rail to what appears on

the map to be Eugene or a point slightly south. Camp 9 may

have been set up at Roseburg or vicinity and from there the

route followed U. S. Highway 99 to Grants Pass and from there

it was over the old mountain road to Crescent City, California.

CARRIER'S DIARY

Camp 55. 16. IX. 1871 (S.). Lost River. His Lordship caught fish

for supper. Seven Indians came into camp on horses — stayed

in camp sometime — one with ring in his nose.

17. IX. 1871. (S.). Same place. Indian Chief called “Captain

Jack" came into camp with other Indians — stayed sometime.

His Lordship talked with Chief. Many ducks killed.

Camp 56. 18. IX. 1871. (M.). Link River — hot springs. A duck

was cooked in hot springs. Carrier washed up dinner things

with water from springs.

Camp 57. 19. IX. 1871. (Tu.). Upper Clamworth Lake [Upper

Klamath Lake]. Forest on fire close by.

Camp 58. 20. IX. 1871. (W.). Clamworth Lake [Klamath Lake] —

great many Indians.

Camp 59. 21. IX. 1871 (Th.). Crooked Creek.

22. IX. 1871. (F.). Same place. His Lordship caught fine trout.

23. IX. 1871. (F.). Same place. Beaver killed.

24. IX. 1871. (S.). Same place. Carrier caught 18 large trout.

Camp 60. 25. IX. 1871 (M.). Had to empty wagon to get up sand

hill — travelled by moonlight in forest. Carrier got fixed on tree

with wagon. 12; o’clock at night when we struck camp. His

Lordship and hunters had lighted fire and gone to sheep camp.

The Return Trip Through California

The return trip to California was made by way of the wagon

route 3 from Grants Pass, Oregon, to Crescent City and Eureka,

California. On this return trip the camps were renumbered begin-

ning with Camp 9 at what appears on the map to be either

Eugene or a point south of that city in Oregon.

3 The author traversed this route by automobile in July, 1909, and found it

extremely rough going and in some places almost impassable.

JULY, 1941] TILDEN AND MANSFIELD LEPIDOPTERA

113

carrier’s diary

Camp 26. 17. VI. 1872 (M.). Taylors — on top of the Siskiyou Moun-

tains. Lost one mule. [Near the Oregon-California boundary.]

Camp 27. 18. VI. 1872. (Tu.). Haltville. Still in mountains.

Camp 28. 19-21. VI. 1872. (W.-F.). Crescent City.

Camp 29. 22. VI. 1872. (S.). Six miles from Clamworth [Klam-

ath] River.

Camp 30. 23. VI. 1872. (S.). Mouth of Clamworth [Klamath]

River.

24. VI. 1872. (M.). Horses had to swim river. Lord Walsing-

ham killed black bear.

Camp 31. 25. VI. 1872. (Tu.) Gold Bluff in sea.

Camp 32. 26. VI. 1872. (W.). On high hill — lost our trail.

Camp 33. 27. VI. 1872. (Th.). Eight miles from Trinidad.

Camp 34. 28. VI. 1872. (F.). Mad River.

Camp 35. 29. VI. 1872. (S.). Acada [Areata].

Camp 36. 30. VI. 1872. (S.). Eureka

I. VII. 1872. (M.). Came in town. Camp broken up. Humboldt

Bay. Lord Walsingham gone to hunt Grizzly. Carrier left in

Town Eureka.

2-10. VII. 1872. (Tu.-W.) . .

II. VII. 1872. (Th.). Left Eureka by Ship Pelican.

12. VII. 1872. (F.). Arrived at Grand Hotel, San Francisco.

Homeward bound to England.

[End of Carrier’s Diary]

Daily Alta California, San Francisco, vol. XXIV, Friday

morning, July 13, 1872.

“Str. Pelican — arrived from Eureka, July 12 — 26 hours.”

Passenger list included Lord Walsingham, Geo. Cator, and

A. Carrier.

SOME OBSERVATIONS AND CAPTURES OF CALIFORNIA

LEPIDOPTERA

BY J. W. TILDEN AND G. S. MANSFIELD

San Jose State College, California

Several interesting species of Lepidoptera were taken by the

writers in eastern San Luis Obispo County, about ten miles west

of Simmler, on March 20-22, 1940.

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

California juniper ( Juniperus calif ornicus Carr.) is the prin-

cipal tree in the region. The j uniper hairstreak ( Mitoura siva

juniperaria Comst.) was fairly common on these trees, and about

twenty specimens were taken. Since juniper is known to occur

north along the inner Coast Range, it seems possible that the

range of this butterfly may eventually be found to coincide with

that of its food plant.

Two specimens of Euproserpinus phceton G. and R. were

taken. One was found about noon, feeding from the blossoms of

a small white composite. The other was taken under unusual

circumstances. It was found at night while we were searching

for night insects with a Coleman lantern. It was resting on the

sand in a dry wash, near a white composite of the same species

as that from which the other specimen had been taken. It was

entirely inactive, with its wings folded over its abdomen. V. L.

Clemence of Atascadero has taken this species in considerable

numbers near that town.

Two specimens of Xanthrothrix neumogoeni Hy. Edw. were

taken, flying in the heat of the day around the flowers of a bright

yellow composite. On the basis of available specimens, this

species would appear to be rather scarce. There is a specimen in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences at San

Francisco, which was taken in Southern California, much farther

south than San Luis Obispo County.

Philotes sonorensis F. and F. has been taken on several occa-

sions in Alum Rock Park, Santa Clara County, California.

Arthur and Edgar Smith first noticed the occurrence, and called

it to our attention in 1939. A single female was taken there in

March, 1939, by Tilden. In 1940, two males and one female

were taken by Tilden and Mansfield, and two others were seen.

The presence of both sexes suggests that the species is established

and breeding in that locality. The northernmost record previ-

ously known to us is Fremont Peak in San Benito County (Stroh-

been and Dodge, 1931). It has been taken near the Pinnacles

National Monument. Its locality of greatest abundance is in the

southern part of the State.

Pieris sisymbrii Bdv. breeds in small numbers in the foot-

hills of the Mt. Hamilton Range, and has been taken in Alum

Rock Park by Arthur and Edgar Smith and by the writers.

This is another insect of the more arid parts of the State that

pushes north and west along the Mt. Hamilton Range.

(To be continued in next number)

JULY, 1941] WOOD— CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

115

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS OF REDUVIID

VECTORS OF CHAGAS’ DISEASE IN THE

SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES

(Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

BY SHERWIN F. WOOD

Los Angeles City College

(Continued from page 94)

Paratriatoma hirsuta Barber

Uninfected localities: Alvarado Mine, near Congress Junc-

tion, Yavapai County, Arizona; Palms to Pines Highway, 1000

feet elevation, near Cathedral City, Riverside County, California;

and Tahquitz Canyon, near Palm Springs, Riverside County.

Eleven Paratriatoma hirsuta were collected from nests of

wood rats ( Neotoma spp.). All were negative. There were 5

males, 3 females, 1 large and 1 medium nymph collected in Cali-

fornia with Dr. R. L. Usinger and one male was collected in

Arizona by the writer. This male lived four days in captivity.

Habitat of Cone-nosed Bugs

The nests of Neotoma fuscipes macrotis Thomas in California

where bugs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas have been

collected were in chaparral near, at, or around the base of

bushes and trees. They were large cone-shaped or dome-shaped

heaps of dead sticks and twigs intermixed frequently with green

cuttings and leaves of buckthorn, holly-leaf cherry, poison oak,

sumac, holly, or wild buckwheat. There were several exits or

entrances and a number of runways in each nest. There was at

least one nest site well within the structure where finely shredded

plant material was placed to form a protective cup in which the

rat slept. The small and medium-sized nymphs of Triatoma pro-

tracta (Uhler) were usually found in this inner nest material or

near it. The large nymphs were usually found on twigs or sticks

near the grass nest. The adults were among the sticks and twigs

anywhere in the dark parts of the nest and not usually in the

grass inner nest material.

In the Quemado Valley, Texas, infected Triatoma gerstceckeri

Stal were found in a wood rat nest under a mesquite stump.

The grass nest material was about two feet below the ground

level directly beneath the main mass of the stump and well pro-

tected by the branching roots. Some twigs, dried cactus pads, and

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

cow chips were piled around the base of the stump covering the

runways. The runways were dug up, the stump uprooted and the

bugs taken from its undersurface where they were clinging to

exposed roots. Other nests were mostly in pricklypear cactus

( Opuntia spp.). They consisted of a few twigs, cow chips, horse

dung or dried Opuntia pads with or without rocks and dirt, piled

up around, over, or among the branches of these large, flat-

stemmed cacti. They were very inconspicuous until one was

close to the cactus. There were, runways through the nest and

into the ground and when rats were found during summer col-

lecting they were usually in these underground burrows. One

infected nymph of Triatoma protracta woodi Usinger was found

in a cactus nest in the Quemado Valley.

Near the Chisos Mountains and 13 miles east of Marathon,

Texas, infected Triatoma protracta woodi Usinger were collected

from nests built in cactus and small-leafed sumac, Rhus micro -

phylla Engelm.* The structures above ground were piles of

twigs and cow chips built around the base of the sumac. The

rat’s runways extended from these surface structures to under-

ground tunnels. There were grass inner nests in the structures

above ground as well as in the tunnels beneath the ground. Bugs

were found crawling along the walls of these tunnels and in some

localities where the ground was very dry, the bugs escaped by

retreating into large cracks along the walls of these tunnels.

Naturally infected Triatoma protracta (Uhler) were found in

rat nests near Tyrone, New Mexico. Here, the above ground

structures consisted of piles of dead cane cactus stems or cow

chips or both, sometimes mixed with a few twigs, built at or

around the base of a cane cactus. Due to the open type of growth

of this cactus, these nests were very conspicuous and easy to

search for bugs. In most cases, there were underground run-

ways connected with these nests and bugs were collected not only

from nest material above ground but also from the walls of the

runways.

At the Alvarado Mine in Arizona, one infected nymph of

Triatoma rubida (Uhler) was collected in a nest of Neotoma

albigula albigula Hartley built in a pricklypear ( Opuntia sp.)

cactus. This nest consisted of sticks, twigs, and dried Opuntia

pads piled around the base of the cactus. There were under-

ground tunnels connected to runways through the nest structure

on the surface of the ground.

♦Identification by Dr. Omer E. Sperry, Sul Ross State Teachers’ College,

Alpine, Texas.

JULY, 1941] WOOD — CHAGAS’ DISEASE VECTORS

117

New Locality and Vector Records

The writer has reported here for the first time two new locali-

ties for the recovery of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas in Texas.

Naturally infected bugs were obtained from houses 25 miles

northwest of Hondo, Medina County (Bandera Strain in Tria-

toma gerstceckeri) , and in Sanderson, Terrell County (Sanderson

Strain in T. rubida ) . Both Peromyscus californicus insignis

Rhoads and albino Mus musculus Linnaeus have been infected

with the Bandera Strain and the Sanderson Strain. In Experi-

ment 75 ( Peromyscus , Bandera Strain), leishmaniform T. cruzi

was found in tissue impression smears of heart muscle and leg

muscle made on the 20th day after intramuscular (gastro-

cnemius) inoculation. Typical blood forms of T . cruzi have been

demonstrated in experimental infections with the Sanderson

Strain. Both strains have been transferred through mice and

back into laboratory-raised, trypanosome-free Triatoma nymphs.

A new vector for Trypanosoma cruzi is here reported from

Arizona and California. Three negative female Paratriatoma

hirsuta were fed on Experiment 75 (Bandera Strain). All three

were found infected 10 days after feeding, showing numerous

crithidias in their fecal deposits. When examined 21 days after

feeding, numerous trypanoform and crithidial stages were de-

monstrable. A white mouse (Exp. 87) inoculated with feces of

the experimentally infected Paratriatoma showed typical T. cruzi

in its blood 14 days after inoculation.

Discussion

The total number of cone-nosed bugs collected or received

from southwestern United States was 2,716. Of these, 1,754 were

examined for Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas and 232 or 13.22%

were found infected. The heaviest infection in any locality ex-

amined by the writer was 37.50% for 152 specimens of Triatoma

protracta from Eaton Canyon, California, as compared with 92%

for 100 specimens of Triatoma gerstceckeri reported by Pack-

chanian (1939) from near Three Rivers, Texas. Of 1,402 cone-

nosed bugs examined by Mazzotti (1940) from Mexico, 392 or

27.96% were infected. The heaviest infection detected by him

was in 70 specimens of Rhodnius prolixus when 81.42% were

found infected. Records for 451 wood rat nests examined by the

writer in the southwest show that 1,303 cone-nosed bugs were

collected, an average of 2.88 bugs per nest.

The collections of Triatoma from houses and wood rat nests

at the Alvarado Mine, Arizona, would seem to indicate a yearly

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

cycle for the species found there, namely, rubida, protracta,

protracta woodi, and longipes. As reported previously (Wood,

1941a), the adults were found in houses from about May 15 to

September 15 and then not seen again until the next year. Evi-

dently the nymphs winter over in the rat nests and complete

metamorphosis the following summer. In 1939, 15 rat nests

examined August 12 and 13 yielded 102 Triatoma of which there

were 6 adults, and 21 large, 66 medium, and 9 small nymphs.

In 1940, 17 rat nests were examined May 30, 31. Of the 17

Triatoma collected, there were 12 adults, and 3 large and 2

small nymphs. Therefore, the best time of year for collecting

nymphs at the Alvarado Mine would seem to be the fall.

Summary

1. Five different Triatoma ( protracta , protracta woodi, rubida,

longipes , gerstceckeri ) have been found naturally infected

with Trypanosoma cruzi in the United States.

2. A new vector from Arizona and California, Paratriatoma

hirsuta, has been experimentally infected with cruzi.

3. Two new Texas localities are reported for Trypanosoma cruzi.

4. Notes on the longevity, habits, and occurrence in wood rat

nests of the various cone-nosed bugs are recorded.

Bibliography

Kofoid, C. A. and F. Donat. 1933. South American Trypanosomiasis

of the Human Type — Occurrence in Mammals in the United

States. Calif, and West. Med., 38:1-12, 5 figs, in text.

Mazzotti, L. 1940. Triatomideos de Mexico y su infeccion natural

por Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. Medicina, 20:95-109, 2 pis.

Packchanian, A. 1939. Natural infection of Triatoma gerstseckeri

with Trypanosoma cruzi in Texas. U. S. Public Health Re-

ports, 54:1547-1554, 10 pis.

Usinger, R. L. 1939. Descriptions of New Triatominae with a Key

to Genera. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ento., 7:33-55, 1 pi.

Wood, F. D. 1934. Natural and Experimental Infection of Tria-

toma protracta Uhler and Mammals in California with Amer-

ican Human Trypanosomiasis. Am. Jour. Trop. Med.,

14:497-512, 3 pis.

Wood, S. F. 1941a. New localities for Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas

in Southwestern United States. Am. Jour. Hyg. (In Press).

1941b. A Method of Collecting and Transporting Cone-nosed

Bugs. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 36:137-139, 1 fig.

Wood, F. D. and S. F. Wood. 1938. On the Distribution of Try-

panosoma cruzi Chagas in the Southwestern United States.

Am. Jour. Trop. Med., 18:207-212, 1 fig. in text.

JULY, 1941] MICHENER — SYNOPSIS OF TRACHUSA

119

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TRACHUSA WITH NOTES

ON THE NESTING HABITS OF T. PERDITA

( Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

University of California, Berkeley

The genus Trachusa Panzer 1 is represented by but three prop-

erly authenticated species, one from Eurasia, one from Califor-

nia, and one from Arizona. The additional names (all of Old

World species) included in Trachusa have been long unrecog-

nized, and are probably either synonyms of the well-known T.

byssina or representatives of other genera, as indicated in part

by Friese (1911 ) .

Considering their widely discontinuous distribution, the three

species of Trachusa are remarkably similar, as indicated in the

following generic description.

Moderate sized, robust bees. Females almost entirely black,

males with clypeus and sides of face cream-color or yellow, the

lateral face marks truncate below level of antennae; pubescence

pale, rather abundant, often forming feeble bands on abdominal

tergites; outer faces of the rather broad tibiae clothed, especially

apically, with characteristic, regularly placed, short, robust hairs;

punctation of head and thorax, except clypeus and supraclypeal

area, fine and dense; head narrower than thorax, short anterio-

posteriorly; antennal bases considerably nearer to anterior ocellus

than to anterior margin of clypeus; inner margins of eyes feebly

converging below or subparallel; buccal fossa deep, margined by

hypostomal carinse; labrum longer than broad, subrectangular;

cheeks about as broad as eye; mandibles stout, especially in fe-

males, those of male tridentate, of female with an apical tooth,

followed by a notch, followed by a feeble rounded tooth which

grades into a long, nearly straight edge which terminates in the

strong inner apical angle; trophi rather short; labial palpi consid-

erably shorter than glossa, first segment slightly shorter than sec-

ond; maxillary palpi five segmented, second and third segments

longest; thorax high; notalices linear; angle between anterior and

lateral faces of mesepisternum strong; metanotum vertical, enclos-

ure of propodeum nearly so and large; arolium present; claws of

male cleft, of female with large, median, internal tooth; wings,

brownish; abdomen rather short and strongly convex above, first

tergite bearing a broad basal concavity; sternites two to five of fe-

male with a scop a; abdomen of male with seven exposed tergites and

1 The name Trachusa Panzer is here used on the assumption that the “Er-

langen list” will be disregarded. As pointed out by Morice and Durrant (Trans.

Ent. Soc. London, 1914: 426, 427), Stelis becomes a synonym of Trachusa Jurine,

and Diphysis Lepeletier must be used in place of Trachusa Panzer, if the “Erlan-

gen list” is accepted.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

six exposed sternites, seventh and eighth sternites concealed above

sixth; male genitalia with cardo broadest ventrally, reduced to a

narrow ribbon dorsally; coxopodites broadest basally, bearing

ventrally, near bases, the volsellse; parameres slightly exceeding

coxopodites, not united by a sclerotic bridge.

Key to the Species of Trachusa

Males

1. Mandibles largely yellow; sixth and seventh tergites simple,

without subapical folds or ridges byssina

-. Mandibles black; sixth tergite with transverse subapical keel or

carina, seventh with a variously modified subapical fold. 2

2. Sixth tergite with posterior margin evenly rounded; mandible

with distance from end of apical tooth to end of second tooth

greater than distance between apices of second and third

teeth perdita

-. Sixth tergite with posterior margin produced and subtruncate

medially; mandible with distance from end of apical tooth to

end of second tooth less than distance between ends of second

and third teeth manni

Females

1. Sixth tergite simple byssina

-. Sixth tergite with strong basal elevation, separated by vertical

or overhanging fold from produced, flange-like m&rgm....perdita

Trachusa byssina (Panzer)

Apis byssina Panzer, 1798, Faun. Ins. German., 5:56.

Trachusa serratulse Panzer, 1805, Faun. Ins. German., 8:86.

Megachile resinana Schilling, 1829, Ubers. Arbeit, schles. Ges. f.

vaterl. Cultur, i. J, p. 75.

IDiphysis Pyrenaica Lepeletier, 1841, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hymen.,

2 :308, female and male.

Megachile rotundiventris Perris, 1852, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1:196,

male and female.

Trachusa serratulse var. seitzi Cockerell, 1925, Entom., 58:158, $.

Male: Mandibles largely yellow, apex of median tooth equidis-

tant between apices of other two teeth; facial markings yellow;

face not elevated along line of upper margin of clypeus; stigma

longer than broad; second recurrent vein meeting or basad to

second transverse cubital; posterior basitarsi broadest medially;

enclosure of propodeum impunctate or only narrowly punctate

above; posterior margins of tergites feebly depressed; sixth ter-

gite with posterior margin furnished with a broad, rounded, apical

flange medially; seventh tergite feebly and broadly emarginate ap-

ically, not carinate; third sternite with posterior margin concave

medially and margined by long hairs; fourth and fifth sternites also

JULY, 1941] MICHENER SYNOPSIS OF TRACHUSA

121

emarginate medially on posterior margins ; sixth sternite with two,

broad, apical, lateral lobes, separated by a broad, truncated emargi-

nation, each of the lobes furnished with a shining, impunctuate,

longitudinal ridge which extends nearly to the base of the exposed

portion of the sternite; genital coxopodites greatly broadened

basally, slender and simple apically; parameres not meeting

basally, converging apically. Length 10 to 11 mm.

Female: Similar to male except for the usual sexual charac-

ters; clypeus with two or three denticles on each side of middle;

fifth and sixth tergites simple. Length about 11 mm.

Among specimens before me from Germany and Austria,

several different combinations of the slight venational characters

upon which the variety seitzi is based are presented. This

species has an extensive range from the Pyrenees eastward

through central Europe and far into Asia.

Several of the works referred to in the preceding synonymy

have not been available to me.

Trachusa manni Crawford

Trachusa manni Crawford, 1917, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 19:167 $ .

Male: Mandibles black, apical tooth slender and curved, its

tip closer to tip of median tooth than latter is to tip of third tooth ;

facial marks lemon yellow; clypeus without transverse ridge at

upper margin and without longitudinal median, impunctate ridge;

second recurrent vein interstitial with second transverse cubital;

enclosure of propodeum with broad, punctate band above; posterior

margin of sixth tergite with median, produced, subtruncate, apical

flange as broad as the median interruption in the subapical,

strongly raised carina, which curves anteriorly at the sides, this

carina not provided with a median, apically directed, projection;

seventh tergite with longitudinal median carina basally, and a

strong subapical fold, which is greatly produced laterally near the

apex as a broad lobe on each side, forming a wide, deep, median

emargination in what appears to be the posterior margin of the

tergite; true posterior margin of tergite slightly beneath this fold,

and with a shallow median emargination as broad as the emargi-

nation in the subapical fold; apical portions of third, fourth, and

fifth sternites densely pubescent, apical margin of sixth with a

sub triangular, median projection. Length 14 mm.

The type specimen is in the United States National Museum.

This species is known only from the two original specimens from

Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Since I have

not seen this species, the preceding descriptive comments have

been taken from Crawford’s paper and from notes on the type

sent by Miss Grace A. Sandhouse.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST L V0L - XVII, NO. 3

Trachusa perdita Cockerell

Trachusa perdita Ckll., 1904 Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3:159 $.

Male: Mandibles black, apical tooth rather broad, its tip far-

ther from tip of second tooth than the latter is from third; facial

markings cream color; face elevated along line of upper margin of

clypeus, and clypeus with a longitudinal, median, impunctate ridge;

stigma of fore wings broader than long; second recurrent vein

distad to second transverse cubitus; enclosure of propodeum with

broad, punctate band above; posterior basitarsi slender and paral-

lel sided; posterior margins of abdominal tergites strongly and

abruptly depressed; sixth tergite with posterior margin broadly

rounded, the entire margin (instead of median part only as in

other species) produced as a flange which is delimited basally by

the subapical, transverse, feebly nodulose keel, which curves an-

teriorly at the sides and gives off medially a short, subtriangular

projection or keel toward the posterior margin of the segment;

seventh tergite with longitudinal median ridge basally, and a sub-

apical transverse fold which is not greatly produced and which

might appear to be the apical margin of the segment only laterally,

because the median and most strongly elevated portion of the fold

is strongly arched anteriorly so that it is, at the midpoint, nearer

to the base of the exposed portion of the tergite than to the apex;

area distad to and enclosed in the arch of the fold smooth, de-

pressed, and brown; posterior margin of seventh tergite narrowly

and rather feebly emarginate medially; third and fourth sternites

with margins slightly produced posteriorly in the middle, not pro-

vided with long hairs ; fifth sternite similar but with weak, median

emargination in produced portion; sixth sternite broad, feebly

three lobed at apex, lateral lobes low and subtruncate, at extreme

sides of sternite ; median lobe more elevated, exceeding lateral lobes,

truncate, and furnished with a pair of large, strongly anteriorly

directed teeth at its apex which form a U-shaped emargination;

seventh and eighth sternites heavily sclerotized, seventh with

posterior margin furnished with a broad, V-shaped median emar-

gination, eighth rather elongate, broadened posteriorly to the tri-

lobate apex, median lobe longer and broader than lateral lobes, its

apex slightly emarginate; genital coxopodites not much broadened

basally as seen from above, apically with small, blunt, external

tooth and transverse subapical ridge; parameres contiguous (but

not fused) in basal halves, slender and widely separated apically.

Length 11 to nearly 13 mm.

Female: Black, with whitish pubescence, forming bands on

posterior margins of abdominal tergites one to five. Head, except

for clypeus and supraclypeal area, finely and closely punctate;

clypeus and supraclypeal area rather coarsely punctate, the region

of the suture separating these sclerites, and the median longitudi-

nal line of the clypeus somewhat elevated and not punctate, al-

though dull; anterior margin of clypeus with about eight or nine

JULY, 1941] MICHENER SYNOPSIS OF TRACHUSA

123

small denticulations ; hypostomal carinae more strongly elevated

than in byssina ; enclosure of propodeum punctured above, impunc-

tate but minutely tessellate below (punctate band broader than

in byssina) ; abdominal tergites rather similar to those of male

in punctation, with posterior margins conspicuously and rather

abruptly depressed and more closely punctate than rest of tergites,

these depressed margins broader than in the male; fifth tergite

with posterior margin feebly and broadly emarginate medially;

sixth tergite with large, median, basal, strongly and abruptly

elevated area, produced medially and apically to a small, over-

hanging point; posterior margin of sixth tergite produced medially

as a broad, rounded, horizontal shelf or flange; ventral scopa long

and dense. Length nearly 13 mm.

Neallotype, female, No. 4845, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Hastings

Natural History Reservation, near Jamesburg, Santa Lucia Moun-

tains, Monterey County, California, 1800 feet elevation, June 14,

1938, on Brodicea ixiodes (C. D. Michener) . The type specimen

is from Tehachapi, California, and is in the American Museum

of Natural History, New York City.

Although apparently rare, this bee proves to be rather widely

distributed in southern and central California, as indicated by

the following additional localities: The Gavilan, Riverside

County, May 31, 1937, on Pentstemon antirrhinoides (P. H. Tim-

berlake) ; Santa Barbara, May 7, 1936, on morning glory (I.

McCracken) .

The female of this species, previously known only from the

unique male type, is here described for the first time.

On June 14, 1938, at the Hastings Natural History Reservation,

I had the opportunity to observe briefly the habits of Trachusa

perdita. About a dozen nests were found, all in the ground on

one hillside (the only place on the Reservation where any indi-

viduals of this species were seen). There was a tendency toward

grouping of the holes, all those seen being disposed in groups of

two to four, the individual holes of a group being from eight

inches to two feet aipart. They were in loose, somewhat sandy

soil, the surface of which sloped in a southerly or westerly direc-

tion at an angle of 20° or 30° from horizontal. No turrets or

piles of earth marked the entrances, which were left open and

unguarded when the females left to visit flowers. The holes were

about ten mm. in horizontal diameter, slightly less in vertical

diameter, and slanted downward throughout their courses at

angles of 20° to 30° from the horizontal. In the five nests which

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

were opened, the tunnels, which were five or six inches long, bent

strongly to one side in a broad curve, which, in one case placed

the bottom of the tunnel almost directly beneath its entrance.

The cells were placed end to end in the lower part of the

tunnel, and were rather firmly glued together, so that an entire

series of them could be removed unbroken. The intercellular

partitions were thin, there being no thick resinous plugs, such

as those shown by Hachfeld (1926) for T. byssina, between cells.

Outside dimensions of the cells averaged 16 mm. in length by

10 mm. in diameter. Cells were made from irregular pieces,

commonly two or three times as long as broad, cut from the

serrate margins of the thick leaves of the shrub, Rhamnus crocea,

which grew nearby. These pieces were arranged with their long

axes at right angles to the long axes of the cells, and cemented

together to form firm walls by means of a gum which was sticky

at the time of excavation but became very hard after a few

months in a vial. Although this gum burned vigorously, seem-

ingly with the odor of pine pitch, there were no conifers within

two miles of the nesting site. It caused adherence of numerous

small pebbles and particles of sand to the outside of the cells.

Although possibly carried in by the insects, these objects were

in all probability in situ in the soil.

One nest excavated contained a single incomplete cell, half

full of a stiff, sticky, brown substance, the pollen of Brodicea

ixiodes, which was the flower visited chiefly by these bees at this

locality. Other nests were more nearly complete, the one with

the largest number of cells having, however, but four. The up-

permost cell of this nest was incomplete and unprovisioned, in

the process of being built, but the others contained fully grown

larvae, which had consumed all of their food. This suggests that

the process of nest building and provisioning is slow, although

that of larval development may be rapid.

A number of cells were placed in vials, and opened from

time to time during the next year. The fully grown larvae

eventually enclosed themselves in tough, brown, parchment-like

cocoons, and remained thus, as prepupae, throughout most of the

winter. In early June, 1939, one passed through a brief pupal

state and emerged as an adult, cutting an opening through the

side of its cell, but the few others still alive remained as pre-

pupae within their cocoons, and would have emerged the follow-

ing summer, perhaps, had they not been killed.

JULY, 1941] MICHENER SYNOPSIS OF TRACHUSA

125

The cocoons were similar to those of Osmia, with a large,

solid, well formed nipple in the middle of a deep concavity or

chamber at the anterior end. This cavity was formed by a thin

sheet extending anteriorly from the side walls of the cocoon

along the inner surface of the cell. Hachfeld shows this chamber

closed in T. byssina, but states that the sheet which forms it is

easily broken. Such may be the case in the cocoons before me,

in all of which the chamber is broadly open anteriorly. Later-

ally, the sheet which forms the anterior cavity is supported by

several, thin, rather irregular lamellae connecting it with the

anterior end of the cocoon proper. This is quite a different

structure from the three, regularly placed, concentric rows of

supporting strands, not confined to the lateral parts of the cham-

ber, described and figured for T. byssina by Hachfeld.

As may be seen from the preceding notes on Trachusa per-

dita, its habits differ considerably from those of T. byssina,

which have been described in some detail by several European

authors. The latter species, according to Friese (1911, 1923),

nests in groups of as many as forty or fifty females, and the

tunnels do not have the unusual shape described for those of our

species, but may be branched. However, as in T. perdita, the

cells are made of pieces of leaves, stuck together by gum (in the

case of T. byssina at least, pitch from pine) .

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my appreciation to the late Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee for the use of specimens in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, to Mr. P. H. Timberlake for specimens

from his collection, to Miss Grace A. Sandhouse for important

notes on the type of Trachusa manni, and particularly to Dr.

J. M. Linsdale for the opportunity to take advantage of the

facilities of the Frances Simes Hastings Natural History Reserva-

tion of the University of California.

References

Friese, H. 1911. Apidae I, Megachilinae, Das Tierreich, 28:xxvii+

440, 132 fig 1 .

Friese, H. 1923. Die europaischen Bienen, Gruyter & Co., Berlin u.

Leipzig, vii+456 pp., 33 Taf. 100 fig.

Hachfeld, G. 1926. Zur Biologie der Trachusa byssina Pz. (Hym.,

Apid., Megach.), Zeitschr. f. wissenschaft. Insektenbiol., 21:

63-84, 1 Taf., 8 fig.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

NOTES ON CANTHARIS

(Coleoptera, Cantharidae)

BY DOROTHY FENDER

McMinnville, Oregon

In the early stages of a revisional study of the genus

Cantharis in which the author is now engaged, a new species

very near Cantharis carolinus Fabr. was discovered mixed with

the older species. It is very likely that this species has been

confused with carolinus for many years, as was the case with

C. neglectus Fall.

Neglectus in spite of its close resemblance to carolinus, is not

closely related to it. The new species herein described and

carolinus form a group by themselves, which, in the opinion of

the author, must properly be considered as representing a dis-

tinct genus. This opinion is based on the enormous develop-

ment of the basal portions of the male genital armature, these

being so strongly developed as to envelope most of the remainder

of the structure, a condition not paralleled elsewhere in the

family. It is the present intention only to describe the new

species and leave the problem of the generic status of this group

for treatment in the larger paper in preparation. A redescription

of C. carolinus is herein also presented as an aid in recognizing

the new species.

Cantharis carolinus Fabr.

Black, pubescence golden. Head black, sides of clypeus and a

narrow frontal stripe testaceous (this maculation might also be

described as two piceous stripes between the antennee) ; rather

finely, distantly punctate, the surface rather polished; occiput

smooth and convex. Eyes small, about one-fourth the length of

head in the male, less than one-fourth the length of head and widely

separated in the female. Antennas stout, laterally compressed,

subserrate, those of the female relatively more slender and shorter.

Thorax subquadrate, moderately transverse, more so in female;

front angles rounded, hind angles sub-acute; front margin evenly,

shallowly arcuate, hind margin subsinuate; testaceous, with a

discal black area which is wider at base than apex, the margins

of this area smooth, not interrupted by the testaceous as in hilo-

hatus and neglectus', smooth, shining, with fine scattered punctures

bearing the fine, rather long, golden pubescence. Tarsi stout, all

segments broad and lobed. Claws with a long basal tooth making

them appear cleft (fig. 1). Ventral segments black, sides and

median area of apex of each segment often narrowly testaceous.

Male genital armature with the dorsal plate shallowly emarginate,

ventral hooks simple (fig. 3). Length: Male: overall 11.5 mm.;

JULY, 1941]

FENDER NOTES ON CANTHARIS

127

elytra 8.2 mm.; antennee 8 mm. Female overall 13 mm.; elytra

9 mm.; antennae 7 mm. Width: Male elytra 3.5 mm.; thorax

2.75 mm. Female elytra 4 mm.; thorax 3.5 mm.

Figure 1, ungual formation of Cantharis carolinus Fabr.;

2, same of lobatus, n. sp.; 3, 4, and 5, dorsal, lateral, and ventral

views, respectively, of male genital armature of carolinus; 6, 7, and

8, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, of lobatus, n. sp.

The color phase C. jactatus Say differs only in paler pig-

mentation.

Two hundred specimens examined. Distributional extremes

are represented by Maine, Ontario and Minnesota on the north

and Key West, Florida to Texas on the south.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Cantharis bilobatus Fender, new species

Piceous, or brunneo-piceous, pubescence cinereous. Head pic-

eous except for a pale area at base of antennae extending’ forward

to side margins of clypeus, leaving frons dark, this a solid dark

area in most specimens. In some specimens there is a paler area

directly between the antennae, and in the pale forms this dark

frontal area is split into two stripes. Punctation rather close,

moderately deep, confused, rather coarse, surface rather dull;

occiput impressed, not convex. Eyes large, nearly one-half the

length of head in the male, about one-fourth the length of head in

the female. Antennae slender, sub-cylindrical, segments a little

shorter in the female. Thorax subquadrate, slightly narrowed an-

teriorly; relatively longer and less transverse, that of female

more transverse but less so than in carolinus; pale with piceous

maculation, this as in carolinus except that the yellow part intrudes

into the external portion of the base, thus forming two piceous

basal lobes on each side. Tarsi slender, nearly cylindrical (at least

in dried specimens). Claws as in carolinus except that the tips

of the two parts are more distant (fig. 2). Ventral segments of

male piceous, margined with dark testaceous at sides and except

for sixth at apex, this testaceous portion broadest on the median

line. Female uniformly piceous beneath. Male genital armature:

dorsal plate deeply cleft on the median line, ventral hooks bilobed

(fig. 6). Measurements: Length: Male overall 10 mm.; elytra

8 mm.; antennas 5.5 mm. Female overall 10.5 mm.; elytra 8.5 mm.;

antennae 5.5 mm. Width: Male elytra 3 mm.; thorax 2 mm. Female

elytra 3.75 mm.; thorax 2.5 mm. The two specimens from Ontario

are smaller; male and female measuring 8 and 9.5 mm. in length

respectively.

In some specimens the normally piceous areas are dark

testaceous or brunneous and the frontal stripe is divided as in

carolinus. This represents a color phase corersponding to C.

carolinus jactatus Say.

Holotype, male, Hennepin County, Minn., collected by C. W.

Oestlund. Allotype, female, Douglas County, Minn., June 14,

1937, collected by F. C. Fisk. Specimens examined, 8 males and

10 females. Iowa: Sioux City, June 23, 1925 (C. N. Ainslie).

Minnesota: Crookston, July 12, 1935, and July 3, 1939; Houston

County, May 24, 1937 (P. M. Schroeder) , and June 16, 1910;

Itaska Park, July 3, 1939; two specimens, Shakopee, June 10,

1922 (C. E. Mickel) ; La Crescent, June 16, 1925 (C. B. Philip) ;

two specimens, Ottertl County, Otto Lugger collection. North

Carolina: Lake Waccaman, April 14, 1904 (F. S. Sherman) ;

Wallace, April 6, 1904 (F. S. Sherman). New Mexico: Otto

Lugger collection. (This record seems anomalous). Ontario:

JULY, 1941]

LEECH — NEW HYDROPORUS

129

Prince Edward County, July 14, 1929; Rainy River District, July

22, 1924 (J. F. Brimley) .

Perhaps the easiest character for differentiating this species

when mixed with carolinus material is the lobular form of the

basal portion of the piceous pronotal maculation. Neglectus,

which also has the basal portion of the pronotal maculation in-

terrupted, differs in the pale part entering only on the median

line whereas this species, while some of the testaceous may in-

terrupt the base at the center, always has the lateral portion

interrupted. Rarely, paler carolinus specimens may show a

breaking up of the basal portion of the pronotal maculation,

but there is not the definite lobe which we find in this species.

This pronotal character, if supported by the more slender form,

slender antennae and tarsi, more divaricate ungual teeth, and

large eyes, makes identification simple, even without the aid of

genitalic dissections.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF WATER

BEETLES OF THE GENUS HYDROPORUS

FROM CALIFORNIA 1

(Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)

BY HUGH B. LEECH

Vernon, British Columbia

Hydroporus rossi Leech, new species

A dark species belonging to the vilis group of Fall’s “A Revi-

sion of the North American species of Hydroporus and Agaporus”

(1923) ; last abdominal sternite of female produced at apex.

Female. Length 3.66 mm., width 2.01 mm. Form rather broadly

ovate, only slightly convex; dorsal surface finely alutaceous, ven-

tral more shining. Head piceous; pronotum piceous, narrowly

paler along lateral margins; elytra dark reddish-brown, narrowly

piceous along suture and lateral margins; metasternum and meta-

coxal plates piceous, abdominal sternites dark reddish-brown; first

four antennal segments, legs, and tip of last sternite reddish-brown,

outer antennal segments tinged with piceous.

Head two-thirds as wide as pronotum, surface finely alutaceous,

finely sparsely punctate. Pronotum widest at base, basal margin

bisinuate; surface finely reticulate, finely sparsely punctate, punc-

tures twice as large as those of head, an anterior transverse series

1 Contribution No. 2050, Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department

of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario.

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

coarser and closer; lateral marginal bead two-thirds as wide as

terminal antennal segment. Elytra finely reticulate, finely sparsely

punctate, especially at sides; punctures a little coarser than those

of pronotum, separated by several times their own widths. Meta-

coxal plates finely alutaceous, more finely sparsely punctate than

pronotum; metastemal wings and first two abdominal sternites

laterally slightly more coarsely punctate than elytra; last abdom-

inal sternite a little produced at apex. First three protarsal seg-

ments two-thirds width of protibia, claws simple.

Male. Very similar to female. Last abdominal sternite not

produced at apex; pro- and mesotarsi a little wider; anterior pro-

tarsal claws slightly thicker and more bent than their fellows.

Male genitalia: see figures 1-3.

Holotype, female, No. 4976, and allotype, male, No. 4977,

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Pigmy Forest, Fort Bragg, Mendocino

County, California, May 5, 1938, E. S. Ross, collector.

Paratypes, eleven females, four males, all same data as holo-

type. Distributed as follows: one pair, Canadian National Col-

lection; one female each to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.),

United States National Museum, Museum of Comparative

Zoology, and Mr. J. B. Wallis; the remainder in my collection.

The smallest paratype, a female, is 3.30 mm. in length; the

series is remarkably uniform in punctation; several specimens

are teneral, and hence their elytra and abdominal sternites are

paler in color.

Hydroporus rossi is most closely allied to pacificus Fall, to

which species the females run in his key. H. pacificus is smaller

(2.6 — 3 mm.), more coarsely punctate, much less broadly ovate,

paler in color, and occurs in Alaska and British Columbia.

In describing the produced apex of the last abdominal

sternite in pacificus. Fall remarked that he had not determined

the sex of the three specimens before him, and that the character

might possibly be sexual. I have at hand a series of pacificus

from British Columbia, several examples of which were verified

by the late Dr. Fall. It is quite easy to show, by dissection, that

all specimens having the last ventral produced are females.

Hydroporus bidessoides Leech, new species

A small dark brown species, with coarsely punctate elytra;

resembles a large Bidessus, at first glance.

Male. Length 2.22 mm., width 1.11 mm. Form rather evenly

oval, narrower posteriorly than anteriorly; moderately convex,

finely alutaceous dorsally, more shining ventrally. Head dark red-

JULY, 1941]

LEECH NEW HYDROPORUS

131

dish-brown, anterior margin narrowly paler; pronotum reddish-

brown, lateral marginal bead paler; elytra dark reddish-brown,

vaguely paler laterally. Legs and first four antennal segments pale

reddish-brown, outer seven antennal segments piceous. Body be-

neath black, epipleura and metacoxal processes reddish.

Figs. 1-3, male genitalia of Hydroporus rossi Leech: 1. Profile

of sedeagus; 2. Paramere, lateral view; 3. Apex of sedeagus,

dorsal view. Figs. 4-6, Hydroporus terminalis Sharp, same. Figs.

7-9, Hydroporus bidessoides, Leech, same.

Head slightly more than two-thirds width of pronotum, reticu-

late, finely sparsely punctate. Pronotum widest at base, one-third

broader than long, surface reticulate, finely sparsely punctate,

except for anterior and posterior transverse series of coarser punc-

tures; lateral marginal beads broad, as wide as outer antennal seg-

ments; basal line of pronotum not sinuate between hind angles and

median prolongation. Elytra more finely reticulate than head or

pronotum, coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by from one

to three times their own diameters; a few finer punctures inter-

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

mixed. Metacoxal plates reticulated, punctures about as coarse as

those of elytra; abdominal sternites more shining, sparsely punc-

tate; apical sternite slightly flattened medially. Male genitalia:

see figures 7-9. First three segments of pro- and mesotarsi mod-

erately dilated, tarsal claws simple.

Female. Very similar to male, but darker; pro- and mesotarsi

narrower. Length 2.25 mm., width 1.14 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 4978, allotype, female, No. 4979, Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ent., Caspar, Mendocino County, California, Decem-

ber 16, 1939, J. R. Heifer, collector.

Paratypes, twenty-two males, twenty-seven females, same data

as holotype. One female, Caspar, Mendocino County, California,

January 20, 1936 (J. R. Heifer). All specimens were taken in a

small pool. The paratypes vary in length from 2.19 to 2.40

mm.; the elytral punctation is finer in some specimens, than in

the type. Paratypes will be distributed as follows: four males,

four females to Mr. J. R. Heifer of Caspar, California; one pair

each to: the Canadian National Collection, the British Museum

(Nat. Hist.), the United States National Museum, the Museum of

Comparative Zoology, and Messrs. J. B. Wallis, F. N. Young and

Ralph Hopping; the remainder in my collection.

In addition to the above types, four males and three females

are before me; they are too damaged or too teneral to be desig-

nated as paratypes.

Hydro porus bidessoides is most closely allied to H. termi -

nalis Sharp, to which it runs in Fall’s key. I have a good series

of Californian terminalis including two homeotypes compared

by Mr. J. Balfour-Browne of the British Museum; as contrasted

with bidessoides. Sharp’s species is larger (2.55 — 2.88 mm.),

more finely punctate, more attenuated posteriorly, flatter, and

has slightly narrower lateral pronotal margins; in addition the

median lobe of the male genitalia is differently shaped — compare

figures 6 and 9.

The sedeagi of the species of Fall’s vilis group of Hydro porus

are very distinctive: all known to me are bifid apically, a char-

acter which I have not observed elsewhere in the genus, and

which may well be definitive of the group. If this latter suppo-

sition is correct, then terminalis and bidessoides will have to be

removed from this assemblage, for the aedeagus is simple in both

species. However, I have not as yet observed an external char-

acter upon which to make this separation; the species barbarce

Fall and browni Wallis recently described as allied to terminalis,

are unknown to me in nature.

JULY, 1941]

LANE — NEW ELATERID^E

133

THREE NEW ELATERID^ FROM THE PACIFIC

NORTHWEST

(Coleoptera)

BY M. C. LANE

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.

Walla Walla, Washington

This paper contains descriptions of three new species of

Elateridae belonging to the genus Limonius.

Limonius rufihumeralis Lane, new species

Male. Length 8.8-12.0 mm., width 2.4-3.3 mm. Elongate paral-

lel, convex; body, antennae, and legs deep black, except humeral

angles of elytra, which are reddish orange; surface moderately

shiny, with very short, erect, gray vestiture, becoming somewhat

longer, decumbent, and whitish on abdomen and legs.

Head quadrate, coarsely, umbilicately punctured; frons broadly

triangularly concave; clypeal margin entire, arcuate or slightly

emarginate when viewed from above; antennae extending by one

to two segments beyond posterior angles of pronotum, second and

third segments small, only slightly longer than wide, similar in

shape and size, the two together nearly as long as fourth, which

is triangular, sixth segment slightly longer than wide, fourth to

tenth slightly serrate.

Pronotum one-sixth longer than wide, widest across posterior

angles, sides nearly straight, parallel in posterior third, thence

narrowing very slightly to anterior angles, which are very slightly

explanate; posterior angles produced, obtusely angulate on outside,

with a short, fine carina not reaching margin; disc convex to side

margins in middle, which are hidden from above, median line

canaliculate at basal third; surface densely, deeply, and coarsely

punctate on summit, punctures becoming larger and umbilicate

toward margins, separated by much less than their own diameters.

Scutellum prominent, flat, finely, densely punctate, more densely

pubescent than rest of body.

Elytra one-tenth wider than pronotum, about two and one-

half times as long as wide, the sides straight and parallel to apical

third, evenly arcuate to apices, which are bluntly rounded; orange

color covering entire humeral region and base of each elytron, the

inner margin of color sharply defined, extending backward for a

short distance along second or third interval, there gradually

sloping outward to lateral margin near hind coxal plate, and

extending faintly along lateral margin to apical third; striae well

defined, moderately coarsely, deeply punctate, the intervals very

slightly convex, with three irregular rows of fine punctures.

Proplura densely umbilicately punctured; sternopleural plate

excavated and flared in front, grooved one-third to one-half dis-

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

tance to procoxse; posterior margin of propleura deeply notched,

usually with a blunt tooth in notch; produced hind angles rec-

tangular. Prosternum umbilicately punctured, the punctures more

sparsely spaced than on propleura, mucro concave between pro-

coxse. Metasternum and abdomen moderately densely, finely punc-

tate; last abdominal segment slightly emarginate and depressed

on sides, with distinct pattern arrangement of vestiture around

these depressions ; also with brushes of longer hairs extending from

margin between side marginations and apex, TEdeagus as figured.

Female. Length 10.5 — 13.4 mm. Width 2.9 — 3.8 mm. Differs

from male in being on the average only slightly broader and

more robust, with antennae barely reaching to posterior angles of

pronotum; last abdominal segment without marginal brushes of

long hair, but with vestiture pattern, emargination, and depres-

sion as in male, though somewhat reduced.

Type locality — Slopes of Blue Mountains near Walla Walla,

Washington.

Type, allotype, and paratype — Catalogue No. 54845, United

States National Museum. Paratypes in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences, in the Canadian National Col-

lection, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and in the col-

lections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

Ohio State University, Montana State College, Utah State Col-

lege, Idaho University, Washington State College, M. C. Lane,

H. P. Lanchester, M. H. Hatch, K. E. Gibson, E. W. Jones, and

J. H. Baker. Described from 126 males and 72 females, from

the following localities: Washington — Walla Walla, April 21

to May 21, 2000 to 3000 feet (Lane, Lanchester, Jones, Gib-

son) ; Mount Spokane, June 22, 6000 feet (Lane, Gibson) ;

Buckeye (Hopkins), Kamiak Butte, Palouse, May 20 (Lane,

Gibson) ; Pullman, April 11 to June 6 (Piper, Melander, Bales,

Westall, Eide, Eiffert, Burke, Hedberg) ; Godman Springs, Blue

Mountains, June 25, 6000 feet (Lanchester, Jones) . Idaho —

Moscow, May 1 to June 30 (Clarke, Brindley, Rice, Wakeland,

Shull, Aldrich, Yothers, Riddel) ; Viola, May 24 (Gibson) ;

White Bird, May 23 (Lanchester) ; Cceur d’Alene, May 7 to 24

(Evenden, Rust). Oregon — Tollgate Road, Blue Mountains,

May 27 to June 12, 3000 feet (Lanchester) ; Milton, June 10

(Jones) ; Meacham, May 9 to 22 (Lane, Lanchester) ; Wallowa

Lake, May 27 to July 3, 4500 feet (Lane) ; Baker, Pine Creek,

May 12 to 30, 4000 feet (Baker, Lane) ; Whitman National

Forest, Blue Mountains, June 12, 5000 feet (Lane, Lanchester,

Baker). Montana — Bozeman, May 18 to June 27; Gallatin

County, May 23, 1900, 4800 feet (Cooley) ; Yellowstone Park,

JULY, 1941]

LANE NEW ELATERID^E

135

June 26 to July 19 (Robinson, Melander) ; Lake County, May

13 (Eichmann) ; Menard, June 17 (Kohls) ; Jefferson County,

June 23; Florence, June 3; Lolo, May 15. Utah — Logan, May

8 (Knowlton). Canada — Calgary, June 1 (Bryant).

The large series of paratypes is quite uniform in size and

color, the humeral orange area showing only very slight varia-

tions in shape and extent.

This species has been confused for years with crotchi Horn

but is distinct from it in distribution as well as in many other

characters. The new rufihumeralis is easily distinguished from

crotchi and other black Limonius with red humeral angles on the

elytra by the genitalia and characters of the last abdominal seg-

ment. In crotchi the last abdominal segment has evenly rounded

margins and regular vestiture.

Limonius rufihumeralis is not uncommon in the yellow pine-

shrub association of the Blue Mountains of Washington and

Oregon and the Bitter Root Mountains of Idaho, its range ex-

tending into Montana and Utah, and north to Alberta.

The first specimen under Limonius crotchi Horn in the

LeConte collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at

Cambridge, Mass., is a female of rufihumeralis from Utah. The

second specimen in the LeConte collection is a true L. crotchi

Horn from Oregon. There is also a female of rufihumeralis

from Pullman, Wash. (W. B. Mann) in the Blanchard collec-

tion at Cambridge. There is a specimen of rufihumeralis labeled

Seattle, Wash., in the Canadian National Collection at Ottawa,

which is probably wrongly labeled, as this species has never

been found west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington by the

author or his correspondents after years of extensive collecting

in that region.

Limonius lanchesteri Lane, new species

Male. Length 9.2 mm., width 2.5 mm. In form, color, and vesti-

ture similar to rufihumeralis, but elytra entirely brownish orange,

antennae and femora piceous to brown, tibiae and tarsi lighter,

abdomen sometimes narrowly margined with orange, and scutellum

dark brown.

Head quadrate, coarsely, umbilicately punctured; frons broadly

concave above clypeal margin, the latter entire and broadly

arcuate; antennae extending at least by one segment beyond pos-

terior angles of pronotum, second and third segments small, sub-

equal, together as long as triangular fourth, the sixth segment

slightly longer than wide, fourth to tenth slightly serrate.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Pronotum one-fifth longer than wide, sides nearly straight,

parallel, slightly sinuate before posterior angles, narrowing very

little to anterior angles, which are somewhat explanate; posterior

angles produced, angulate, finely carinate; disc convex, margins

hidden at middle from above, canaliculate at base; surface with

coarse, umbilicate punctures set closely on disc, very closely on

sides. Scutellum prominent, flat, densely punctate, and pubescent.

LANCHESTERt RUF/HUMERAUS HUM/DUS

Fig. 1. Male sedeagi of three new species of Limonius.

Elytra slightly wider than pronotum, about two and one-half

times as long as wide, sides nearly straight, slightly wider at apical

third, gradually arcuate to apices, which are obtusely rounded;

stria* well defined, coarsely punctate; intervals flat, with two irreg-

ular rows of fine punctures.

Propleura with very close, umbilicate punctures; sternopleural

plate excavated, flared in front and grooved one-third to one-half

distance to procoxae; posterior margin of propleura deeply notched,

produced hind angles rectangular. Prosternum with coarse umbili-

cate punctures, mucro slightly concave between procoxae. Meta-

sternum and abdomen densely, finely punctate; last abdominal

segment with side emarginations and vestiture pattern as in

rufihumeralis. ^Ideagus as figured.

JULY, 1941]

LANE NEW ELATERID^E

137

Female. Length 12 mm., width 3.3 mm. Differs from male in

being longer, broader, and more robust, with antennae slightly

shorter; last abdominal segment with reduced emargination and

hairs as in rufihumeralis.

Type locality — Rocky Bar, Idaho.

Type and allotype — Catalogue No. 54846, United States

National Museum. Faratypes in collections of M. C. Lane and

H. P. Lanchester. Described from four males and one female,

all collected in the mountainous region of south central Idaho.

The type was collected near Rocky Bar, Idaho, 6000 feet altitude,

June 7, 1937, by H. P. Lanchester, for whom the species is

named. The allotype was collected near Challis, Idaho, June 21,

1930, and a paratype near Atlanta, Idaho, 8600 feet, June 20,

1931, both by Lanchester. Other paratypes were collected near

Smith’s Ferry, Idaho, June 23, 1938, and Rocky Bar, Idaho,

6000 feet, June 16, 1939, by Lane.

This species is named for Horace P. Lanchester with appre-

ciation of the many pleasant hours of association in the labora-

tory and the field studying the Elateridae.

Very little variation is shown in this small series, except in

the legs, which vary a little in color. This species is closely

related to rufihumeralis by its form and abdominal and genital

characters. It differs in having the elytra all orange, the scutel-

lum, abdominal margins, and legs lighter, the pronotum longer

with coarse umbilicate punctures on the disc, and the anterior

angles more explanate. The lobes of the male genitalia are

shorter in proportion to the base in lanchesteri and the lateral

lobes are more arcuate on the outer angles. Extensive collecting

over a period of years has failed to show variation of color or

other characters which might suggest that these two species are

the same. Their distribution apparently does not overlap, and

they should be considered distinct from each other, as well as

distinct from all other nearly related species in the genus.

Limonius humidus Lane, new species

Male. Length 8.8-10.4 mm., width 2.3-2.8 mm. Elongate paral-

lel, convex; black, except humeral angles of elytra, which are

orange; surface shiny with very short dark vestiture above, becom-

ing longer and ashy colored beneath.

Head quadrate, coarsely, deeply punctured; frons only slightly

concave; clypeal margin entire, but not strongly so in middle, and

nearly truncate when viewed from above; antennae extending by

nearly three segments beyond posterior angles of pronotum; second

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

and third segments small, globular, similar in shape, subequal, the

two together shorter than fourth, which is triangular, sixth seg-

ment slightly longer than wide, fourth to tenth serrate, eleventh

elongate and slightly thicker than preceding segments.

Pronotum one-sixth longer than wide, widest across posterior

angles, sides nearly straight, narrowing anteriorly, slightly sinu-

ate near posterior and anterior angles, the latter definitely expla-

nate; posterior angles produced, angulate, with short, fine carina

parallel to margin; disc evenly convex to side margins, which are

visible from above, median line evident only basally, surface deeply

and coarsely punctate, more densely so toward margins, punctures

on disc separated by about their own diameters or less. Scutellum

prominent, elongate, convex, densely punctate and pubescent.

Elytra slightly wider than pronotum, about two and one-half

times as long as wide, the sides straight and parallel to a little

behind middle, evenly arcuate to apices, which are bluntly rounded;

orange color covering humeral region sharply defined diagonally

from middle of side of scutellum posteriorly to fourth striae, hence

slightly anterior to margin of elytron near mesosternal epimeron;

striae well defined, coarsely, deeply punctate, the intervals flat with

two irregular rows of fine punctures.

Propleura densely, shallowly punctured; sternopleural plate

somewhat excavated and flared in front only; posterior margin of

propleura deeply notched, produced posterior angles sharply rec-

tangular, inner angle sometimes acute. Prosternum deeply, coarsely

punctured, densely so on mucro, which is only slightly concave

between procoxae. Metasternum and abdomen finely, densely punc-

tate. TEdeagus as figured.

Female. Length 8.9-11.6 mm., width 2.3-3.2 mm. Differs from

male in being slightly larger on the average, with antennae reaching

only to posterior angles of pronotum, the last segment being notice-

ably thickened.

Type locality — Forest Grove, Oregon.

Type and allotype — Catalogue No. 54847, United States

National Museum. Paratypes in collections of M. C. Lane,

M. H. Hatch, H. P. Lanchester, K. M. Fender, and Oregon State

College. Described from six males and ten females, all from wet

coastal portion of Oregon and Washington. The type and allo-

type were collected at Forest Grove, Oregon, March 16, 1919,

and April 10, 1938; the paratypes were collected at Corvallis,

Oregon, March 1 to April 18 (Ferguson, Scullen, Schuh,

Starker) ; Baker Creek, Lincoln County, Oregon, May 10 to 15

(Fender) ; McMinnville, Oregon, March (Fender) ; Hood River,

Oregon, April 15 (Childs) ; Electron, Wash., June 11 (W. W.

Baker) ; Seattle, Wash., April 8 to 20 (Hatch) .

JULY, 1941]

DRAKE NEW TINGITID^E

139

This series of specimens varies somewhat in size, but very

little in form or coloration. The orange color of the humeral

angles of the elytra is restricted and more sharply defined than

in any similarly colored species of the genus. This species has

also been confused with crotchi but can easily be separated from

that species by its smaller orange area, larger terminal segment

of antennae, explanate anterior angles of pronotum, convex

scutellum, and the aedeagus. It differs from rufihumeralis by the

same characters, and by the regular vestiture and outline of the

last abdominal segment.

Limonius humidus is also related to the eastern stigma (Hbst. )

( armus Say) by color and by the character of the posterior

propleural margin and the last antennal segment, but differs by

its larger size, more heavily punctate pronotum, and shorter

antennae.

THREE NEW AMERICAN TINGITID^

(Hemiptera)

BY CARL J. DRAKE

Iowa State College, Ames

The present paper contains the description of one South

American and two North American Tingitidae. The types have

been deposited as indicated under each species.

Teleonemia lutzi Drake, new species

Large, broad, testaceous, with large, prominent, dark-fuscous

markings, the antennae and legs fuscous-black. Head black, with

five, short, blunt, testaceous spines, the median porrect and a little

longer. Eyes oblique, black. Bucculae broad, testaceous, darker in

front. Rostrum long, extending to end of sulcus, brownish, black

at apex; rostral channel deep, wide, becoming a little wider pos-

teriorly, the sides nearly straight, entirely open behind. Antennae

long, shortly pilose; segment I short, slightly longer and stouter

than II; III very long, slightly bent, three times as long as IV.

Pronotum strongly convex, pitted, moderately narrowed an-

teriorly, dark chocolate-brown, the triangular process testaceous;

carinae stout, dark chocolate-brown on disc, becoming testaceous in

front and behind, foliaceous, each composed or one row of areolae;

lateral carinae subparallel, slightly concave within in front; para-

nota testaceous, strongly reflexed, narrow, slightly broader in

front; mostly uniseriate, indistinctly biseriate in front. Elytra

broad, strongly over lapping and jointly rounded behind; costal

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

area moderately broad, testaceous, mostly biseriate, triseriate in

widest part; subcosta area broad, mostly triseriate, testaceous, a

large spot a little in front of middle fuscous-black; discoidal area

large, not quite reaching middle of elytra, widest slightly beyond

middle, narrow at base and apex, mostly fuscous-black, a small

triangular area at base and a narrow border at apex testaceous;

discoidal area almost entirely clouded with fuscous black. Legs

long and slender.

Length, 5.60 mm.; width, 2.65 mm.

Holotype, male, 45 east of Horqueta, Paraguay, named in

honor of John C. Lutz, in Drake collection.

This species belongs to the group of Teleonemia having a

wide costal area. T. annce (Kirk.) and T. triangularis (Blanch.)

have much wider costal areas.

Teleonemia huachucae Drake, new species

Very similar to T. schwarzi Drake, but readily separated from

it by the shorter antennae and legs and especially by the distinctly

less convex paranota. Head black, the median and frontal spines

much reduced, tubercle-like and dark in color, the hind pair short,

appressed and testaceous. Rostrum brownish black, extending

to meso-metasternal suture; rostral laminae testaceous, widely sep-

arated and cordate on metasternum; antennae brownish black,

short, rather stout, densely and shortly pilose; segment III twice

as long as IV.

Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely pitted, fuscous-black,

the triangular process becoming testaceous behind, there the are-

olae opaque and whitish. Collar raised, areolate, subtruncate in

front; paranota very narrow, reflexed, grayish testaceous, indis-

tinctly uniseriate; carinae distinct, each composed of one row of

very low, elongate areolae, the lateral carinae moderately diverging

anteriorly. Elytra dark testaceous, with the nervelets consider-

ably infuscated; costal area very narrow, uniseriate, the trans-

verse nervelets dark fuscous, the tibiae distally becoming brownish.

Uni-biseriate discoidal area moderately large, widest near middle,

there five areolae deep, the outer margin nearly straight; sutural

area more widely reticulated, the nervelets mostly dark fuscous,

the areolae whitish, opaque. Legs moderately short, rather slender,

brownish fuscous, the tibiae distally becoming brownish.

Length, 2.65 mm.; width, 1.00 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Nos. 5174 and 5175,

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., ahd several paratypes, Huachuca Mts.,

Carr County, Arizona, August 5, 1924, taken by J. 0. Martin,

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

JULY, 1941]

BOHART PHYSOCEPHALA

141

Teleonemia schwarzi Drake

Teleonemia schwarzi Drake, Ohio Jour. Sci., XVIII, 1918, p. 326.

Teleonemia sororculaV an Duzee, Calif. Acad. Sci. XII, 1923, p. 142.

T. schwarzi Drake and T. sororcula Van D. are identical forms

and the former name has priority. Several examples were taken

at Palm Springs, California, May 18 and 20, 1917, and July 5,

1924, by E. P. Van Duzee, and May 24, 1940, by R. L. Usinger,

these last on Beloperone calif ornica. Known only from Cali-

fornia and Lower California.

Leptoypha nubilis Drake, new species

Very closely related to L. drakei McAtee, but easily separated

from it by its broader form, darker color and shorter antennae. Legs

short, yellowish brown, all femora fuscous-black. Antennae rather

short, slightly variable in length, fuscous-black, the apex of third

segment pale. Pronotum and elytra dark yellowish brown, consid-

erably marked with fuscous-black more or less covered with whit-

ish exudation, the pubescence very short and golden. Costal area

narrow, uniseriate.

Length, 2.20 mm.; width, 0.95 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Nos. 5176 and 5177,

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., and numerous paratypes, Independence,

Inyo County, Calif., June 11, 12, and 13, 1929, collected by E. P.

Van Duzee and R. L. Usinger on Ceanothus.

On account of form, color and markings it seems advisable

to treat nubilis as a distinct species. More specimens and in-

formation concerning its habits may prove that it is not more

than a race or variety of drakei McAtee.

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS PHYSOCEPHALA OF THE

WESTERN UNITED STATES

(Diptera, Conopidse)

BY GEORGE E. BOHART

Davis, California

The area in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains

apparently contains only two valid species of Physocephala

Schiner, P. affinis (Williston) and P. burgessi (Williston).

These were the first species described from the West and were

placed in the genus Conops by Williston who considered the

closely allied genera, Physocephala and Conops, to be identical.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

Physocephala texana Williston was recorded from Colorado and

Ormsby County, Nevada, by Krober (1914), but these specimens

are not available to American students and the records have not

since been corroborated. The several species and subspecies

which were described from western material by M. C. Van Duzee

(1927, 1934) are all referable to one or the other of the original

two species. I have examined the holotypes, most of the other

type material, and specimens determined by Mr. Van Duzee and

have compared these with long series comprising several hun-

dred specimens of affinis and burgessi in my collection and in

the California Academy of Sciences. When a sufficient number

of specimens from any locality is examined, the range of varia-

tion clearly includes such variant types as were used to establish

the Van Duzee species. In the case of affinis this was found to

be true in a series of over one hundred specimens bred from a

single colony of bembicid wasps.

The characters which Mr. Van Duzee used to distinguish his

species, although useful at times as supplementary features or

even primary characters when strikingly distinct, are subject to

considerable variation among specimens from a single popula-

tion or even, in the case of antennal measurements, in a single

insect depending upon the degree of inflation of the ptilinum or

the angle to which the terminal structures are turned upon their

axes. Not even subspecific rank can be assigned these names

since their ranges are in all cases coincident or one within another.

Physocephala affinis (Williston)

Conops affinis Williston, 1883, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. 4:339.

Physocephala affinis , Krober, 1914, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 50:105.

Physocephala affinis , Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.

(4) 16:579.

Physocephala humeralis Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci. (4) 16:580.

Physocephala humeralis simulans, Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (4) 16:581.

Physocephala auri facies Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci. (4) 16:581.

Physocephala buccalis Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.

(4) 16:582.

Physocephala rubida Van Duzee, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.

27:315.

Physocephala simulans Van Duzee, 1934, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.

27:321.

JULY, 1941]

BOHART PHYSOCEPHALA

143

Physocephala affinis may be differentiated structurally from

burgessi by the following table of measurements. The figures

represent averages taken from fourteen specimens of affinis

and eight of burgessi. The measurements of lengths of antennal

segments were made from a dorsal view, along the line of great-

est length of the second segment. Antennal widths were made

for each segment at its widst point. There was found to be no

overlapping of comparative figures between the two species

except in total length which proved to be a character of general

significance only.

Table I. Structural differences between Physocephala

AFFINIS (WlLLISTON) AND BURGESSI (WlLLISTON).

Mesonotum

breadth to length

burgessi

Mesonotum

breadth to length

affinis

Total length

of insect#

burgessi

Total length

of insect#

affinis

1 : 1.06

1 s 1.24

11.4 ram.

12.2 mm.

Antennal

segment

Comparative

length to breadth

burgessi

Comparative

length to breadth

affinis

Length proportion-

ate to segment 1

burgessi

Length proportion-

ate to segment 1

dffinis

2 j 1

2.6 s 1

3.56 : 1

5.25 s 1

3.9

2.9

2.43 : 1

2.25 : 1

2.5

1.6

*Exclusive of antennae.

In addition to these structural features, several usually relia-

ble color distinctions are manifested. Affinis is paler red than

burgessi, the former approaching terra cotta in color and the

latter dark, brick red. Some specimens of affinis, however, are

also dark red. Affinis, if with dark markings on the mesonotum,

has a pair of lateral longitudinal bands as well developed as the

median one. Burgessi, on the other hand, usually has a single

broad, median black band. Affinis is more extensively covered

with golden pollenose tomentum than burgessi.

Affinis is the more abundant of the two species. It ranges

throughout the western United States from eastern Washington,

east to Wyoming, south to Arizona, and from there west to the

Pacific. This area comprises largely the Great Basin and the

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 3

State of California. Krober (1914) recorded a specimen of this

species from Michigan but it seems likely that this was a pale

colored sagittaria Say. There appears to be a slight tendency for

the production of smaller, darker forms in the northern extension

of the range of affinis but even there most of the specimens are

typical. In my collection are four specimens from the Owens

Valley, California, which are uniformly smaller than the average

affinis and have slightly shorter third antennal segments. It may

be that more extensive collecting in the Great Basin will reveal

nameable subspecies.

Affinis is most often encountered in open, semi-desert brush

lands at all elevations up to 9000 feet. I have collected it several

times in the forested areas of the Sierra but in these instances

always in extensive clearings or in sandy areas around large

lakes. Its life history has recently been reported upon as a para-

site of Bembix wasps 1 .

Physocephala BURGESSI (Williston)

Conops burgessi Williston, 1883, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. 4:340.

Physocephala burgessi, Krober, 1914, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 80:

106.

Physocephala burgessi, Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.

(4) 16:579.

Physocephala brevicornis Van Duzee, 1927, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci. (4) 16:580.

Although nearly as widespread as affinis, this species is less

abundant and more scattered in distribution. It occupies the

moister regions in the Sierra and Coast Ranges of California,

and; timbered areas of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah,

Wyoming, and Montana. It presents a very uniform appearance

throughout its range. Although it may occur in a wooded area

bordering open country which harbors affinis, the two species

are never taken together. This is illustrated in Wyoming where

one finds affinis in the open brush lands of Jackson Hole and

burgessi in the forests of the bordering moraines.

The life history of burgessi is unknown. I once observed an

individual pursuing a large specimen of Odynerus wasp but

could not find conclusive evidence of parasitism. This fly has

been collected on flowers of Prunus and Ceanothus.

1 Bohart, G. E. and J. W. MacSwain 1939. The life history of the sand wasp

Bembix occidentalis beutenmuelleri and its parasites. Bull. South. Calif. Acad.

Sci. 38:84-97.

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Vol. XVII

October, 1941

No. 4

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

LINSLEY, OBSERVATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PLEOCOMA 145

STRUBLE AND CARPELAN, MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE PREDATORS.. 153

BLAISDELL, A NEW ELEODES FROM OREGON 156

DRAKE AND POOR, TINGITIDyE FROM AMBOINA ISLAND 160

MITCHELL, INTERSEXES IN MEGACHILE 165

USINGER, NEW GENERA OF APTEROUS ARADIDAS 169

ESSIG, A NEW SPECIES OF MYZUS FROM CALIFORNIA 182

CHAMBERLIN, NEW CHILOPODS FROM MEXICO 184

WHITE, NOTES AND A NEW SPECIES OF BRUCHUS 189

GUEDET, GEOMETRID NOTES AND NEW SPECIES *, 190

TITLE PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INDEX FOR VOL. XVII.

San Francisco, California

1941

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VOL. XVII, No. 4 October, 1941

ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF

SOME SPECIES OF PLEOCOMA

(Coleoptera, ScarabseidaB)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California

The following observations on Pleocoma have been accumu-

lated by the writer since the publication of miscellaneous notes on

the genus in 1938. 1 For the privilege of studying material from

their own collections or collections in their care, the writer is in-

debted to Mr. Charles Harbison of the San Diego Society of Nat-

ural History, Mr. J. C. von Bloeker of the Los Angeles Museum,

Dr. J. M. Linsdale of the University of California, Mr. Fred Platt,

Mr. J. W. Johnson, Mr. A. T. McClay, and Mr. George Mansfield.

Pleocoma conjungens Horn

This species is but little larger than the coastal form of P. hirti-

collis Schaufuss, and all of the examples at hand are less than

24 mm. in length. Specimens from Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Mts.,

Calif., sent for identification by My. V. R. Jones, differ from Mr.

Davis’ figure (Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 34, pi. 1, f. 10, 1935)

by having the lamella of the fifth antennal segment only about

one-half as long as that of the sixth. Possibly Mr. Davis’ figure

was made from a specimen of hirsuta Davis rather than of conjun-

gens Horn, since in his description of the latter species (1. c., p.

28-29) he states that the lamella of the fifth segment is about

five-eighths as long as that of the sixth. In any event it is prob-

able that this character is variable and the Ben Lomond specimens

are without a doubt referable to P. conjungens Horn.

Pleocoma lucia Linsley, new species

Male. Form oblong-ovate, moderately large, color dark piceous;

pubescence golden. Head distinctly, rather closely punctate;

clypeus reflexed, anterior process moderately shallowly notched at

apex, angles moderately obtuse, surface closely punctate, clothed

1 Linsley, E. G., 1938. Notes on the habits, distribution, and status of some

species of Pleocoma. Pan-Pac. Ent., 14:49-58, 97-104.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

with coarse, erect, golden seta, vertical horn obtuse, apex very

feebly notched; ocular canthi rounded apically, projecting at an

angle, punctate and pubescent; antenna reddish brown, scape

conical, second segment moniliform, broader than long, third seg-

ment less than three times as long as greatest width, subangulate,

fourth segment without a lamella, fifth segment with a very short

lamella, lamella of sixth segment about two-thirds as long as that

of seventh segment, remaining segments forming club, eleventh

segment distinctly shorter than tenth segment. Pronotum trans-

verse, shining, widest behind the middle, basal angles rounded,

surface moderately finely, not closely punctate, lateral discal im-

pressions deep, very distinct, basal impressions moderate; scutel-

lum glabrous, shining, almost impunctate. Elytra oblong-ovate,

finely punctate; geminate strias very feeble. Legs hairy; tarsi

longer than tibiae. Abdomen with sternites rufo-testaceous, clothed

with golden pubescence. Length, 23 mm.

Female. Form elongate oval; color reddish brown; clypeus

shallowly emarginate at middle, vertical horn short, broad;

antennae reddish brown, fifth segment angulate, sixth segment

with a short lamella, segments seven to eleven forming club; pro-

notum transverse, finely, not closely punctate, widest at posterior

angles, disk without a transverse elevation; scutellum glabrous,

almost impunctate; elytra suboval, widest behind middle, surface

shallowly, not closely punctate. Length, 40-42 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5180, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., collected

by J. M. Linsdale at the Frances Simes Hastings Natural History

Reservation, near Jamesburg, Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey

County, California, January 21, 1939. Allotype, female, No.

5181, and one paratype, female (collection of Hastings Natural

History Survey) also collected near Jamesburg and submitted

by Dr. Linsdale.

This species appears to be related to P. conjungens Horn.

It may be distinguished by the structure of the male antennae

(club composed of only five full length lamellae with the lamella

of the fifth segment vestigal and that of the fourth segment lack-

ing) and the form of the pronotum (widest behind the middle

with prominent basal angles and deep lateral discal impressions).

Pleocoma hirsuta (Davis)

An examination of the type confirms the opinion previously

expressed by the writer that hirsuta should be regarded as a dis-

tinct species (or at the very least a subspecies) and not as a

variety of conjungens. The type bears the following data: “Ridge

oct., 1941]

LINSLEY PLEOCOMA

147

Route, 1-22-33, R. D. Lusk. Found about 7 mi. this side [toward

Los Angeles] of the summit [Sandbergs] — hundreds flying

through the air just below the snow line about 5:00 p.m.”

In the collection of the Los Angeles Museum there is an ex-

ample from Bee Rock, Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California

(Brereton), which appears to be referable to hirsuta and which

thus slightly extends the known range.

Pleocoma nitida Linsley, new species

Male. Form large, robust, broadly oval, only moderately con-

vex; integument mostly dark brown, legs reddish brown, elytra

black, shining; pubescence golden. Head coarsely, closely punc-

tate except for a broad smooth band near inner anterior margin

of eye; clypeus very coarsely punctate at middle, the punctures

becoming smaller laterally and anteriorly, anterior process scarcely

reflexed, deeply, obtusely notched, angles acute, produced, vertical

horn elongate, sides nearly parallel, apex notched, surface clothed

with long hairs; ocular canthi with anterior margin projecting

slightly forward from a right angle, apex moderately acute; an-

tennas with segments reddish and lamellae dark brown, scape

conical, second segment moniliform, third segment elongate,

slender, curved, widest at apex, fourth segment with an acute

process, fifth segment with a lamella about one-half as long as

that of sixth segment, lamella of ninth segment longest, lamellae

of tenth and eleventh segments and those of segments eight,

seven, and six, decreasing in length from that of ninth segment.

Pronotum nearly two and one-half times as wide as greatest

length, widest at base, posterior angles prominent, slightly pro-

duced, anterior concavity very coarsely, closely punctate, clothed

with long hairs, posterior median impression feeble, lateral discal

pits not evident; scutellum black, punctation denser along median

line, pubescence fine, sparse; legs reddish brown, densely clothed

with long, golden hairs. Elytra together about one-eighth longer

than wide; integument black, shining, sparsely punctate; gemi-

nate striae very feeble, indicated by rows of shallow punctures;

sutural striae shallow. Abdomen with sternites reddish brown,

densely clothed with golden hairs. Length, 28 mm.

Female. Form broadly oval, widest behind middle; color red-

dish brown, elytra paler. Head moderately coarsely punctate;

clypeus dull, anterior process shallowly emarginate, vertical horn

low, apex bifid, area behind and on each side of vertical horn

smooth, polished, sparsely punctate, antennae with basal segments

pale, club dark brown, fourth segment angulate, segments five to

eleven forming club. Pronotum shaped much as in male, nearly

twice as wide as long, widest at posterior margin, posterior angles

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

prominent, a little produced, surface moderately, coarsely, closely,

irregularly punctate, posterior median impression shallow but dis-

tinct; scutellum less coarsely punctate than pronotum, with a

few fine hairs. Elytra pale reddish brown, surface smooth, pol-

ished, shining, finely, sparsely punctate; sutural striae shallow but

distinct; costae distinct at base, becoming evanescent posteriorly.

Length, 31.5 mm.; breadth across apical one-third of elytra,

21 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5182, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., collected

one mile south of Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, Califor-

nia, December 19, 1940, 6:30 a.m. ; temperature, 45° F. [“There

was a very heavy radiation fog that morning and visibility was

very limited. It was caught about three-quarter hour before sun-

rise at a light on the front porch of a house.”] and allotype,

female, No. 5183, from 6 miles east of Santa Margarita, San Luis

Obispo County, California, on the Calf Canyon Road, January

24, 1941. Both specimens were sent by Mr. George Mansfield, to

whom the writer is indebted for the privilege of studying them.

Mr. Mansfield writes of the allotype, “I asked the person who

gave it to me as to the habitat in which he found it and he de-

scribes it as follows: ‘It was dug out of ground. Chemise and

manzanita brush and also greasewood.’ I presume he means

Adenostoma fasciculatum, Arctostaphylos sp., and Baccharis sp.”

P. nitida is related to P. hirsuta Davis and may prove to be

only subspecifically distinct. It differs from hirsuta primarily in

the wider pronotum, sparsely hairy head, form of the clypeal

process, glabrous scutellum, and highly polished elytra. In size,

nitida is suggestive of blaisdelli but may be separated by the

broad pronotum with prominent posterior angles, the less convex

form, and shining pronotum and elytra. From both conjungens

and lucia it may be distinguished by its larger size, smoother and

more shining elytra, rough, pubescent anterior pronotal con-

cavity, and more elongate antennal club. From lucia it further

differs in the absence of lateral pronotal pits, strong posterior

angles of the pronotum, broad, bifid, vertical clypeal horn, and

acutely angulate process of clypeus.

Pleocoma sp.

In the collection of the Los Angeles Museum there is a female

of the conjungens group from Santa Barbara, California, March

oct., 1941]

LINSLEY — PLEOCOMA

149

9, 1933, collected by Dr. J. A. Comstock. It differs from the

female of nitida in the form and proportions of the pronotum

and antennae. It probably represents a distinct species although

it may prove to be the female of P. hirsuta Davis.

The males of the various species mentioned above (as well as

that of blaisdelli Linsley) will run in Mr. Davis’ key (Bull. So.

Calif. Acad. Sci., 34: 7-8, 1935) to Pleocoma conjungens Horn.

Since they are all somewhat similar, the following key has been

prepared to facilitate their separation. It is probable that some

of the characters used below will prove to be variable when

longer series are available for study and in case of discrepancies

the full descriptions should be consulted.

Key to Males of Conjungens Group

1. Anterior impression of pronotum a little more coarsely, closely

punctate than disk, sparsely hairy; average size about 22 mm.

(range 20-23.5 mm.) 2

-. Anterior impression of pronotum coarsely, closely punctate,

densely hairy; average size about 26 mm. (range 24.5-28 mm). .3

2. Antennal club composed of six full-length lamellas, lamella of

fifth segment at least one-half as long as sixth, fourth segment

with a short lamella; ocular canthi almost right-angular, sur-

face polished, impunctate; pronotum widest at basal angles,

basal angles prominent, lateral discal impressions very feeble

or lacking. Santa Cruz Mountains conjungens

-. Antennal club composed of five full-length lamellae, lamella of

sixth segment more than half as long as seventh, lamella of

fifth segment vestigial, fourth segment not lamellate; ocular

canthi rounded, projecting at an angle, surface closely punc-

tate; pronotum widest behind middle, basal angles rounded,

lateral discal impressions deep. Northern Santa Lucia Moun-

tains lucia

3. Pronotum shining, posterior angles prominent, slightly pro-

duced 4

-. Pronotum dullish, posterior angles obtuse, not produced; great-

est width of pronotum about twice greatest length; hairs of

upper surface of head mostly confined to vertical horn and

anterior process of clypeus. Foothills of Calaveras County.

blaisdelli

4. Greatest width of pronotum at most twice greatest length;

dorsal surface of head very hairy; anterior process of clypeus

strongly reflexed, lateral angles acute but scarcely produced,

emargination almost right-angular; elytra moderately shining;

scutellum thinly clothed with long hairs. Los Angeles County.

hirsuta

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Greatest width of pronotum nearly two and one-half times

greatest length; dorsal surface of head sparsely hairy; ante-

rior process of clypeus not reflexed; lateral angles very acute,

produced, emargination obtuse, rounded; elytra highly pol-

ished; scutellum without long hairs. Coast Ranges of San

Luis Obispo County nitida

Pleocoma hirticollis vandykei Linsley

The description of the female of this subspecies was inad-

vertently omitted from a previous paper. It is therefore presented

at this time.

Female. Form small, convex; color brown. Head rugose; cly-

peus with anterior process broadly rounded at sides, shallowly

emarginate at apex, vertical horn very short; ocular canthi tri-

angular; antennae pale at base, club dark, segments five to eleven

forming club, relative proportions of lamellae much as in male.

Pronotum about twice as wide as long, coarsely rugoso -punctate,

surface with a few fine scattered hairs; scutellum shining, sub-

glabrous, punctured at base; legs short, very hairy. Elytra scarcely

longer than broad, widest at apical one-third; surface shining,

sparsely punctate; sutural striae shallow; geminate striae feeble.

Length, 22 mm.; width, 14.5 mm.

Neallotype, female, No. 5184, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., from

Eldridge, Sonoma County, California, May 30, 1917, in the col-

lection of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

Pleocoma hoppingi Fall

Mr. Darwin Tiemann has recently collected five males of this

species in Yosemite National Park, making a considerable north-

ern extension of the previously known range. Four of these

specimens were taken at Camp Cascades, elevation 4000 feet, on

January 18 and 27, 1939, and on January 12, 1940. The fifth

specimen was captured at Grouse Creek, elevation 6000 feet, on

February 5, 1940.

Mr. Hopping 2 has recorded the probable host of this species

as the mountain misery, Chamcebatia foliolosa Benth.

Pleocoma edwardsii LeConte

A male of this rare species was captured at Grass Valley,

November 17, 1938, by Mr. William Perry, who kindly presented

it to the writer.

- Hopping, R., Proc. Pac. Coast Ent. Soc. (62nd meeting, 1916), p. 137.

oct., 1941]

LINSLEY PLEOCOMA

151

Pleocoma dubitalis Davis

I have recently examined two males of P. dubitalis dubitalis

Davis from McMinnville, Yamhill County, Oregon, December,

1936, in the collection of Mr. A. T. McClay. This locality is of

special interest because it partially fills the existing break in the

known distribution of this subspecies (see map, Pan-Pac. Ent.,

14:103,1938).

Pleocoma carinata Linsley

Through the kindness of Mr. McClay, I have also had the

privilege of examining three examples of P. carinata Linsley

from Dead Indian Soda Springs, Oregon. They were captured

in a rainstorm on October 20, 1934, by Mr. L. G. Gentner. Two

of the specimens have the anterior longitudinal impression of the

pronotum clothed with long, erect hairs, emphasizing a relation-

ship with P. simi Davis.

Pleocoma shastensis Van Dyke

Pleocoma shastensis Van Dyke flies in the early morning

from about 6 A.M. to about 10 a.m. and again in the afternoon

and evening from about 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. Specimens have also

been captured at light. Rivers (Ent. Amer., 5:17, 1889), on the

authority of Oscar Baron, has recorded the latter habit for P.

fmbriata LeConte and it has also been recently observed in P.

nitida Linsley and P. rickseckeri Horn, but I am not aware that

it has been reported for other species. Davis (Bull. So. Calif.

Acad. Sci., 33:129, 1934) states that he was unable to attract P

badia Fall to automobile headlights, and similar attempts with

P. behrensii LeConte have also failed. However, Davis also reports

an observation by Kenneth Monroe that some “large brown bugs”

were flying into a fire during a rain at Pine Flats, near Pasadena,

California, and suggests that these may have been Pleocoma.

The color of the pubescence in shastensis varies in much the

same way as has been recorded for puncticollis Rivers (Linsley,

1938:97). In the majority of specimens the hairs are brownish

black but in occasional examples they are light brown. The

latter specimens would run in Davis’ key (1935:7) near simi

Davis but may be distinguished by the glabrous pronotal impres-

sion. They also suggest carinata Linsley, but in this last species

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL- XVII, NO. 4

the pubescence is golden, the form more oval, and the ocular

canthi are at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the clypeus.

Pleocoma australis Fall

This species is apparently much more widely distributed than

has been previously recognized. Prior to 1937, it was known

only from Mt. Wilson, California. In the latter year, Moore

(Occ. Pap. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:83, 1937) recorded

specimens from Hot Springs Mountain, near Warner’s Hot

Springs, San Diego County, California. These specimens have

recently been studied and the identification confirmed. Through

the efforts of Mr. F. R. Platt, a portion of the existing gap in the

known distribution has been filled by the capture of a fine series

of specimens at Lake Hemet, San Jacinto Mountains, Calif., on

October 26, 1940. This is the first record of a species of Pleo-

coma from this range of mountains 3 . The range of P. australis

has also been extended eastward by the capture of a male and

female by Mr. J. W. Johnson at San Sevaine Ridge, near Lytle

Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino County, Cali-

fornia. Pleocoma behrensii LeConte

Additional data on the distribution of this species have been

obtained through the capture of a male and female at Sharp Park,

San Mateo County, California, October 30, 1940, by W. H. Lange,

Jr. The female is smaller than usual for behrensii, with the gemi-

nate striae more strongly impressed and the pronotum more

densely and deeply punctate. The male, like others from San

Mateo County as well as one at hand from Angel Island, San

Francisco Bay, differs from those of typical behrensii by having

the pronotum a little more closely punctate and the integument

is slightly duller and more hairy. It is possible that the San

Mateo County form represents a subspecies of P. behrensii.

Pleocoma puncticollis Rivers

In the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History

there are several examples of this species from Ramona, San

Diego County, California, collected by John W. Snyder and also

specimens from Alamo, Lower California, December 5, 1926.

3 In the summer of 1939, Mr. E. S. Ross and the writer found Pleocoma elytra

at Herkey Creek, not far from Lake Hemet, but it was not possible to identify

the species involved.

OCT., 1941] STRUBLE & CARPELAN — PINE BEETLE PREDATORS 153

EXTERNAL SEX CHARACTERS OF TWO IMPORTANT

NATIVE PREDATORS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE

BEETLE IN SUGAR PINE

( Coleoptera : Ostomatidas, Cleridse )

BY G. R. STRUBLE 1 AND L. H. CARPELAN 2

Introduction

The green trogositid, Temnochila virescens (F.) var. chloro-

dia Mann. (Ostomatidae) , and the red-bellied clerid, Enoclerus

sphegeus F. (Cleridse), are the most important insect enemies of

the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus monticolce Hopk.) in

sugar pine. Both these beetles are consistently associated with

Dendroctonus infestations, but neither of them ever occurs in

numbers sufficient to check the development and spread of out-

breaks of the mountain pine beetle.

In biological studies pertaining to the two species, a handicap

was found in setting up mating pairs for oviposition, owing to

an apparent lack of any differentiating external sexual character

by which the males and females could be segregated. This was

partially overcome by placing a number of adults of a given

species in a container and later separating out pairs inclined to

mate. While this method was rather successful, the adults often

resorted to fighting which resulted in injury or death. This factor,

in addition to the time required in making a proper setup, em-

phasized more than ever the need for the discovery of a constant

sexual character by which the adults could be separated. Fur-

thermore, the segregation of sexes on the basis of mating behavior

often resulted in pairs of the same sex.

Methods

In the search for a character or characters, each species was

studied assiduously under the binocular microscope. Characters

commonly used by coleopterists to differentiate between sexes

were examined. First consideration was given to differences which

might be found in number and relative size of antennal segments,

size and number of tarsal segments, differences in punctation and

striation, and differences in external genitalia. To facilitate these

observations, microscope glass slides were especially prepared of

appendages, genitalia, and exoskeletons from both sexes.

1 Associate Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S.

Department of Agriculture.

2 Agent, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of

Agriculture.

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Description of Sex Characters

These studies resulted in the discovery of a character for each

species of predator which is constant and fairly easy to dis-

tinguish with the aid of an 8X hand lens or low-power binocular

microscope. Detailed illustrations of the character for each

species are presented in Figures 1 and 2.

adult male

ventral aspect

no pit

on submentum

heady ventral aspect

greatly enlarged

Figure 1. Temnochila virescens chlorodia (Mann.), showing

difference between sexes.

Temnochila virescens (Fabr.)

On the broad central area of the submentum of the male there

is a median pit 1 containing a group of hairs. This sclerite is

fairly broad medially, with lateral extensions narrow. Both pit

and submentum are sufficiently large to be seen under an 8X hand

lens. Examinations of the genitalia of five individuals with the

submental pit and five without it indicated that those beetles

possessing the pit were definitely males, while those lacking the

pit were females.

It was thus fairly clear that the male could be differentiated

from the female by this character. In order to substantiate this

1 This pit has not been referred to in the literature in describing the genus or

species. (See References.)

OCT., 1941] STRUBLE & CARPELAN PINE BEETLE PREDATORS 155

belief without further dissection the following observations were

made :

(1) Four mated pairs, which had been the most productive

egg layers in the laboratory, were examined, and in each case

found to contain one individual with and one without the sub-

mental pit. Observations of mating behavior indicated that the

male possessed the character.

Figure 2. Enoclerus sphegeus (Fabr.), showing difference be-

tween sexes.

(2) A similar condition existed in eight of ten pairs set up

on the basis of mating behavior. In the other two pairs of this

group, both the individuals had the pit, i.e., both were males.

This is the situation mentioned previously, whereby as a result

of mating behavior, pairs of beetles are often mismated.

(3) On the basis of presence or absence of the pit, forty-six

individuals were segregated into two homogeneous groups. Mating

was not observed within either of these groups, thus indicating

that the sexes had been properly separated. When the groups

were combined so that equal sex distribution was obtained, mating

was observed immediately. A careful examination of each mated

pair showed the presence of the submental pit in the male and

the total absence of this structure in the female.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Enoclerus sphegeus (Fabr.)

The only constant sexual character found on this species is in

the fifth (penultimate) abdominal sternite. In the male the pos-

terior margin of this sternite is definitely concave. In the female

the curve is not so pronounced. This character can be used suc-

cessfully and accurately after some experience.

In alcoholic or mounted specimens the character is sufficiently

good to allow perfect accuracy (as checked by examination of

genitalia) in determining differences between sexes. In the living

individual, examined under a hand lens or dissecting microscope,

observation of this character is made difficult by the great activity

of this species. The insect also has the habit of curling up the

abdomen, and as a consequence the penultimate sternite is diffi-

cult to observe carefully.

The use of an anesthetic to quiet the beetles, or of refrigera-

tion to slow them down, would make the determination fairly

easy. While this character is constant, it is complicated by the

behavior of the active beetle, and had best be regarded as a tem-

porary aid in distinguishing the sexes.

References

Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema Entomologige. Appendix, p. 817.

(Lucanus virescens Fabr.)

Olivier, A. G. 1790. Entomologie, 2; No. 19, 8. ( Trogosita vire-

scens Fabr.)

Westwood, J. 0. 1835. Zoological Journal, 5:231. ( Temnochila

Westw.)

A NEW SPECIES OF ELEODES FROM OREGON, BELONG-

ING TO THE SUBGENUS BLAPYLIS

(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidas)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and Associate in Research, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

The author has recently received a series of a species of

Eleodes which belongs to the subgenus Blapylis. This species

apparently inhabits a limited geographical area in Oregon.

OCT., 1941]

BLAISDELL — ELEODES

157

Eleodes (Blapylis) oregona Blaisdell, new species

Form moderately robust, differing in the sexes from oblong-

suboval to ovate and about twice as long as wide. Color black,

luster dull. Not pubescent, punctures inconspicuously setose.

Head moderately small, in width about equal to one-half that

of pronotum and not quite as wide as pronotal apex; twice as wide

as long before post-ocular line; sides scarcely more prominent than

eyes, margins arcuate over antennal insertions, thence convergent

and less arcuate, continuously so with sides of epistoma, and as a

whole broadly and slightly sinuate across the position of oblique

sutures; epistomal angles evenly arcuate, apex moderately emargi-

nate. Frons slightly convex, more strongly so over antennal in-

sertions and declivous against eyes; feebly impressed on the posi-

tions of transverse and oblique sutures, the former obsolete, the

latter more or less indicated; surface very densely and coarsely

punctate, punctures rather strongly impressed, less so on epistoma.

Labrum relatively small, transverse, sides and angles evenly arcu-

ate and convergent to apical emargination, the latter median,

narrow and as wide as deep; surface feebly convex, equally divided

by a fine transverse carinule into an apical and basal portion; the

latter smooth and sculptureless, the former slightly declivous,

finely and densely punctate, punctures setigerous, the marginal

setas longer, forming a fringe. In the specimens studied the artic-

ulating membrane is only visible at apical epistomal emargination.

Eyes moderately short, superior lobe small. Tempora not strongly

convex, gradually convergent posteriorly from margin of eyes.

Antennse moderate in length and comparatively slender, about

attaining pronotal base; second segment subannular, as long as

wide, somewhat convergent basally; third elongate, obconical,

about three times as long as wide at apex and three times as long

as second; segments four and five equal in length, one-third longer

than wide at apex; six, seven and eight inclusive, obconical, sur-

face lines of fourth quite parallel, those of five, six and seven

slightly arcuate ; fourth to eighth inclusive equal in width of

apices; segments nine, ten and eleven slightly wider and feebly

compressed; ninth subspherical, tenth irregularly spherical in out-

line, eleventh obovate and truncate at apex.

Pronotum moderately transverse, one-third wider than long,

widest at middle; apex moderately emarginate, angles evenly

rounded, not in the least prominent anteriorly; sides broadly and

strongly arcuate, moderately convergent anteriorly to apical

angles, slightly less arcuate in posterior third, briefly sinuate in

basal seventh, angles small and more or less rectangular; base

broadly arcuate and one-fourth wider than apex; disk moderately

and quite evenly convex, densely, coarsely and irregularly punc-

tate, intervals noticeably varying in width; laterally punctures

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

less deep and smaller in the unimpressed submarginal area; mar-

ginal bead very fine throughout, slightly obliterated on apex.

Elytra differing more or less in form in the sexes, a little more

than twice as long as pronotum, viewed from above; moderately

convex in central area and arcuately declivous laterally, arcuately

and vertically precipitous at apex; base transverse without mar-

ginal bead; humeri obsolete, continuously rounded with the sides,

rarely slightly angulate; sides broadly and rather strongly arcu-

ate, apex obtusely rounded; surface in the central area with well

separated punctures, which are slightly impressed and not strongly

defined, not in the least muricate, intervals flat; laterally and

apically gradually becoming small; oblique muricate tubercles in-

termixed in the humeral regions ; extreme sides and apical declivity

with scattered, round, smooth, shining points; epipleuree sparsely

punctate, punctures moderately small and more or less distinctly

defined. Scutellum arcuate at apex, surface closely punctate,

punctures small.

Ventral surface more shining and more or less polished. Pro-

notal sides quite strongly convex and rather densely set with small

muricate points and somewhat rugose, especially on coxal convexi-

ties. Sterna and episterna densely punctate, punctures small and

submuricate. Abdomen smooth, sparsely punctate, punctures small,

somewhat denser at sides of first abdominal segment. Legs mod-

erate in length and stoutness. Meta- and mesofemora not inflated

and parallel. Metafemora and metatibias subequal in length, the

latter moderately slender, slightly arcuate in basal fourth and

gradually widened in apical fourth. Metatarsi three-fifths as long

as their tibiae; fourth segments about a third longer than the first,

twice as long as the third, the latter about one-third longer than

the second.

Male. Narrower, oblong-suboval. Elytra subparallel, sides less

strongly arcuate. Antennse a little longer. Abdomen flattened in

middle third of first three segments; first segment densely punctate

and more or less rugulose, others less densely so with some rugu-

lation.

Female. Ovate and more robust. Elytra but little longer than

wide, nearly circular in outline viewed from above, sometimes

slightly straighter and convergent in about basal third to base;

sides more or less evenly and strongly arcuate, continuously so

with the humeri. Abdomen moderately convex, flattened between

the coxae, rather less strongly sculptured.

Measurements of types. Male: length 15 mm.; width 7 mm.

Female: length 15 mm.; width 8.5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 5188, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Bear

Springs, Oregon, May 18, 1940 (K. M. and D. M. Fender) in

the Blaisdell collection. Allotype, male, No. 5189, Calif. Acad.

Sci., Ent., same data, except collected on May 26. Paratypes,

oct., 1941]

BLAISDELL ELEODES

159

forty specimens with same data, distributed as follows: collection

of the California Academy of Sciences and that of the author, 11 ;

American Entomological Society, 4; and K. M. and D. M. Fender,

28.

Oregona belongs to the Cordata Group of the subgenus

Blapylis. Other species that may occur in the same faunal region

are as follows: typical cordata Esch., rotundipennis Lee., patuli-

collis Blais, and verrucula Blais.

Oregona is to be recognized by its ovate form and dull luster.

It is moderately robust and the elytra are quite circular, appear-

ing slightly inflated. It is further distinguished by the moderately

oblong-oval form of the male; the dull luster; the elytra narrower

oval with sides more parallel; the pronotum transverse; the lat-

eral margins broadly arcuate, most strongly so in middle third,

less so posteriorly, but never broadly sinuate behind the middle

where the margin is simply less arcuate or a little straighter; the

sinuation feeble, strongest just before the small basal constriction

and angles; humeri obsolete. The pronotal and elytral sculp-

turing is similar to but less coarse than in typical cordata Esch.

where the pronotal lateral margins are obtusely subangulate at

middle and distinctly more or less broadly sinuate behind the

middle to the constricted base; the humeri are more or less

obtusely angulate.

Rotundipennis Lee. is a smaller species and rather less robust,

varying considerably in size and body form; the luster is more

or less shining; the pronotal sides are distinctly more oblique

behind the middle, more constricted at base and the angles more

rectangular.

Patulicollis Blais, of the Parvicollis Group may occur with

oregona. The species is oblong-oval in form, sometimes feebly

subovate when the pronotum is less transverse; surface luster

dull, the pronotum and elytra less convex; sides of the pronotum

evenly arcuate to very near the base, the latter scarcely con-

stricted; the pronotal surface less coarsely and densely punctate,

punctures distinct, feebly impressed with intervals flat. Habitat:

near Lake McElroy, Baha, Washington. One specimen came to

hand with the series of oregona from the type locality.

Verrucula Blais, has the sides of the pronotum distinctly

obtusely angulate, the disk very densely punctate, punctures quite

equal in size; elytra densely tuberculate.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

TINGITIMl from amboina island

(Hemiptera)

BYC.J. DRAKE ANDM.E. POOR

Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa

The present paper is based upon a small collection of lace

bugs from Amboina, Amboina Island, Molucca Islands, East

Indies, presented to the California Academy of Sciences by the

late F. Muir. This collection contains fifteen specimens, dis-

tributed among five genera and six species. Two genera and five

species are described below as new to science. The types of all

the new species are in the California Academy of Sciences.

Diconocoris javanus Mayr

Diconocoris javanus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 15:442, 1865.

Diconocoris javanus, Drake, Lingnan Sci. Jour., 16:386, figs. 1,

a and b, 1937.

One male specimen from Amboina agrees pretty well with

the original description and also with the type as figured by

Drake. It is a very large and striking species of a brownish black

color. The costal area of the elytra is rather broad with the

nervures dark brown to dark fuscous and most of the heavy trans-

verse nervures black; some of the areolae along the inner margins

are clouded with brown to fuscous, the others hyaline. The legs

are slender, testaceous, the tarsi brown.

Cysteochila aspera Drake and Poor, new species

Brown, the elytra with indication of median band and a trans-

verse spot a little before apex, fuscous. Head with five rather

short spines, the median longest and directed downward, the hind

pair appressed. Rostral channel deep, not very wide, the rostrum

brown, extending a little beyond mesosternum. Antennse moder-

ately long, indistinctly pilose, brown; segment I short, much

stouter but not much longer than II; III very slender, almost

three times as long as IV, the latter fusiform. Legs brown, rather

slender and fairly short. Pronotum tricarinate, the strongly de-

veloped paranota sharply reflexed and meeting above disc so as

to conceal all the dorsal surface save hood and triangular process;

hood small, the front margin faintly produced; paranota very

large, extending considerably above disc of pronotum, with

strongly developed, bulbous, lateral humeral projections; lateral

carinae foliaceous, uniseriate, slightly converging posteriorly,

OCT., 1941]

DRAKE AND POOR TINGITID^

161

marginal veins thick; median carina more strongly raised, much

higher on disc, there the paranota resting on it; triangular process

areolate, the carinse hairy. Elytra considerably longer than abdo-

men, the sides nearly parallel, strongly overlapping and jointly

rounded behind when at rest; costal area moderately wide, biseri-

ate, the areolae moderately large; subcostal area a little wider,

biseriate; discoidal area very long, wide, extending considerably

beyond middle of elytra, pointed and slightly raised at apex,

widest at middle, there six to seven areolae deep, the inner boundary

raised and obtusely angulate between middle and apex; sutural

area large, more closely reticulated. Genital segments of male very

broad. Hypocostal ridge biseriate at base, becoming uniseriate

posteriorly. Length, 3.60 mm.; width, 1.37 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5197, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Amboina.

The prominent lateral protuberances of humeri, the carinae,

paranota and broad male genital segments are distinguishing

characters. The costal margins of the elytra are reflexed along

the basal three-fifths.

Orotingis Drake and Poor, new genus

Pronotum convex, coarsely pitted, unicarinate; hood wanting;

paranota not expanded or areolate, represented by a very narrow,

carina-like ridge; collar present, truncate in front. Head short,

without spines, the eyes large. Antennae rather slender, segment

I rather short, a little stouter and longer than II; III not much

slenderer than other segments, scarcely longer than IV. Buccnlse

short, open in front. Rostral channel very broad on meso- and

metasternum, the laminae low, rostrum rather long. Antenniferous

tubercles inconspicuous. Orifice present. Elytra very broad, the

outer marginal nervure strongly costate, costal and sutural areas

widely reticulated, each distinctly defined; subcostal and costal

areas more closely reticulated, the boundary between them not

clearly defined, the pronotum and reticulation of elytra without

vestiture.

Type of genus: Orotingis muiri Drake and Poor, n. sp.

This genus seems to be most closely allied to Eteoneus Distant,

but is easily separated from it by the long fourth antennal seg-

ment. In Eteoneus the fourth antennal segment is much shorter

and the areas of the elytra are sharply set off from each other.

Orotingis muiri Drake and Poor, new species

Head black, almost flat above, the eyes very large and blackish.

Antennae moderately stout, testaceous, indistinctly hairy; segment

I moderately long, faintly embrowned at base, about one and one-

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

half times as long as II, the latter slenderer and rather long;

III straight; IV very long, clothed with longer and more numerous

hairs, faintly stouter, subequal in length to the preceding. Rostrum

extending almost to base of mesosternum; channel widest on

mesosternum, there with the sides concave within, slightly nar-

rower and cordate on metasternum. Pronotum strongly convex,

truncate in front, black, shiny, the pits very large; triangular

process moderately large, somewhat brownish, the pits small,

somewhat rounded at apex; median carina sharply raised, thick,

non-areolate; paranota represented by an inconspicuous carina;

collar cylindrical, not elevated. Elytra very broad, sharply widened

at base, widest opposite apex of triangular process; costal area

very broad, the outer nervure very thick, biseriate at base and in

widest part, triseriate in transverse band, a small spot at base, a

wide band in front of middle and apical portion dark fuscous

(including areolae), the rest pale testaceous with clear areolae, the

areolae in widest part very large; discoidal and sutural areas dark

fuscous, the nervures separating them not clearly defined, the

areolae of sutural area with centers pale and hyaline. Legs rather

slender, pale testaceous. Length, 2.60 mm.; width, 1.65 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5198, allotype, female, No. 5199, Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ent., and one male and two female paratypes, Am-

boina, January, 1908.

In some specimens the third and fourth antennal segments

are subequal in length. The discoidal area extends faintly be-

yond the middle of the elytra and is four areolae deep in widest

^ Cottothucha Drake and Poor, new genus

Head short, without spines. Bucculae contiguous in front. Ori-

fice present. Rostrum moderately long; rostral channel very wide

on metasternum, the laminae not meeting behind. Antennae long,

slender; segments I and II short, the latter shorter; III very long,

slenderest; IV long, slightly thicker than III. Antenniferous

tubercles not prominent, small. Elytra considerably longer than

abdomen, divided into the usual areas, without inflations. Pro-

notal cyst extremely large, not divided, concealing base of head

and most of pronotum, except small portion of lateral margins

and tip of triangular process. Reticulations distinctly lacy.

Type of genus: Cottothucha oceance Drake and Poor, n. sp.

This genus differs from Idiocy sta China in having a differently

formed and undivided hood or cyst, no visible lateral carinse on

triangular process and foliaceous paranota reflexed against the

sides of the cysts. In Idiocysta, the paranota form the semi-

globose hoods.

oct., 1941]

DRAKE AND POOR TINGITID^

163

Xenotingis Drake and Holophygdon Kirkaldy have hoods of a

different type and different derivation. Alloithucha Drake has

widely expanded elytra with apices separated when at rest. The

origin and structure of the pronotal hoods and cysts of the above

genera and other genera need to be studied, but it is difficult to

secure material in most of these genera for dissection and mor-

phological studies.

Cottothucha oceanae Drake and Poor, new species

Head short, black, almost flat; eyes large, blackish. Rostrum

testaceous, extending to base of mesO'Sternum. Rostral channel

deep and parallel-sided on mesosternum, becoming very wide with

the laminae flaring and more widely areolate on metasternum, the

laminae not meeting at middle posteriorly. Legs slender, pale

testaceous, the tarsi brownish. Antennas long, slender, indistinctly

pilose, pale testaceous; segment I not very long, stouter and twice

the length of II; III very slender, straight; IV long, slightly

thickened, seven-tenths the length of III. Pronotum black, almost

totally concealed by the hood; hood extremely large, extending

truncately over base of head as viewed dorsally, dark fuscous, with

the veinlets darker, the median nervure a little more prominent

than others, longer than high, strongly inflated, higher than wide;

paranota strongly foliaceous, reflexed back against the sides of

the hood, practically projecting vertically, biseriate, the areolae

large. Elytra rather narrow with subparallel sides, slightly con-

stricted beyond middle, jointly rounded behind, dark fuscous, the

widest part of costal and bordering portion of subcostal areas

testaceous, there the areolae hyaline; costal area reduced to a

costate nervure along the basal portion, with five or six large

areolae distally (opposite apex of discoidal area) ; subcostal area

narrow, uniseriate; discoidal area extending to middle of elytra

and almost to end of abdomen, widest a little beyond middle, there

four areolae deep; sutural area large, the areolae moderately large,

some of them with pale centers. Hypocostal ridge uniseriate.

Length, 3.00 mm.; width, 1.94 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5200, allotype, female, No. 5201, Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ent., and one male paratype, Amboina, November,

1907.

Stephanitis amboinae Drake and Poor, new species

Large, broad, pale testaceous, some of the nervures embrowned.

Antennas long, slender, testaceous, shortly pilose; segment I mod-

erately stout, long, narrowed distally to near the apex and then

enlarged, five times the length of II, the latter short; III slender,

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

moderately long, nearly straight; IV very long, very slightly

enlarged, three-fourths of the length of III, slightly embrowned.

Rostral channel widening distally, the rostrum extending to mid-

dle of metasternum. Head concealed by hood, the spines whitish,

rather short and directed forward. Legs slender, testaceous, the

tips of tibiae and tarsi embrowned. Pronotum dark brown, covered

with a white exudation, slightly convex; hood very large, inflated,

constricted in front of middle, extending considerably in front of

head, about one and one-third times as long as high; median

carina strongly foliaceous, nearly as high as hood, and a little

shorter, the dorsal margin rounded ; lateral carinae short, not

extending back onto triangular process nor forward beyond highest

part of disc, high, each composed of two or three rectangular

areolae; triangular process narrow, membranous, reticulated; para-

nota large, reflexed, recurved in front and behind, the outer

margin nearly straight and parallel, composed of several irregular

rows of moderately large areolae. Elytra with outer margin

strongly sinuate, widened to beyond the middle, the tips somewhat

narrower and widely separated; tumid elevation sharply raised,

moderately large, impressed within, subcostal portion convex, dis-

coidal area partially concave and merging with sutural area with-

out distinct differentiation. Reticulation of paranota, hood, carina

and elytra partly embrowned, the areolae moderately large, the

margins of elytra and paranota with short, fine hairs. Length,

4.18 mm.; width, 3.10 mm. at widest point of elytra.

Holotype, female, No. 5202, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Amboina,

November, 1907.

The short, high lateral carinae and very strikingly shaped

paranota and elytra are distinguishing characters. The crest of

the tumid elevation is the boundary between discoidal and sub-

costal areas, the former occupying the inner portion ; the bound-

ary between discoidal and sutural areas is not definitely defined.

It is not easily confused with its congeners from the East Indies.

Stephanitis astralis Drake and Poor, new species

Moderately large, pale testaceous, some of the veinlets em-

browned, Antennse long, slender, testaceous, shortly pilose; seg-

ment I moderately long, rather swollen at ends, not quite four

times as long as II, the latter short; III very long, nearly straight,

about two and three-fourths times as long as IV, IV moderately

long, slightly enlarged. Rostral channel deep, widening distally,

the laminae testaceous; rostrum stout, testaceous, dark at apex,

extending beyond middle of metasternum. Legs testaceous, the tips

of tibiae and tarsi embrowned. Pronotum brown, unicarinate,

moderately convex, triangular portion narrow, membranous,

oct., 1941]

MITCHELL MEGACHILE INTERSEXES

165

areolate; hood rather small, very narrow, extending forward

slightly beyond apex of head and backward not as far as highest

part of disc; median carina strongly foliaceous, long, a little

higher than hood and more than twice as long when measured on

dorsal edge, biseriate, the areolse large; paranota wide, long,

nearly rectangular in outline, reflexed, posterior margin curved

inward, triseriate, the areolse large. Elytra broad, the tips sep-

arated but not widely, the tumid elevation long, high, impressed

within, extending barely beyond middle of elytra. Transverse

veinlets of marginal row of areolse, paranota and elytra em-

browned, also a few of the other veinlets; areolse hyaline, the dis-

coidal area quadriseriate, evenly concave, occupying the inner slope

of tumid elevation and truncate behind; subcostal area biseriate,

almost vertical; sutural area biseriate at base, triseriate beyond.

Length, 3.50 mm.; width, 2.10 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5203, allotype, female, No. 5204, Calif.

Acad. Sci., Ent., and two paratypes, Amboina, November, 1907.

The long median carina and long tumid elevation of elytra

are distinguishing characters. The costal area of elytra is wide,

triseriate to widest part, there the areolse are a little smaller and

five deep.

SOME ADDITIONAL INTERSEXES IN MEGACHILE*

(Hymenoptera, Megachilidse)

BY THEODORE B. MITCHELL

North Carolina State College, Raleigh, N. C.

Since the publication 4 several years ago of descriptions of a

number of sexually anomalous specimens of leaf-cutter bees

(. Megachile ) , several additional specimens have been discovered

and are herewith reported and described.

Megachile (Delomegachile) vidua Smith, Intersex

The head and thorax of this specimen are entirely male in

character, the antennae being 13-segmented, the anterior tarsi

broadly dilated, and all other secondary sex characters just as in

a typical male. The more basal segments of the abdomen, also,

seem to be more male in character, for the pubescence is entirely

pale on the first three basal terga, whereas in females the second

and third have conspicuous dark pubescence across the discs. The

terminal segments are more definitely female, although the apical

fasciae are much narrower than in the female, and the sixth

tergum is less broad, with finer puncturation. The venter of the

* Research Contribution No. 10, published with the aid of the State College

Research Fund, Department of Zoology and Entomology, North Carolina State

College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VO'L. XYII, NO. 4

abdomen has six exposed sterna, all of which are smooth and im-

punctate, although tessellate, and are entirely devoid of pubes-

cence or scopal hairs, except for a few on the sixth sternum.

Nordegg, Alberta, July 5, 1926, (E. H. Strickland) [Univ. of

Alberta].

This is the third intersexual specimen of this species to be

found, and all three were collected in Alberta.

Megachile (Chelostomoides) angelarum Cockerell,

Intersex No. 1

The head and thorax are preponderantly male in character, but

with a slight degree of femaleness evident. The antennse are both

12-segmented, as in the female, but the pedicel resembles that in

the male, being about intermediate in length between the first and

second segments of the flagellum. In the female, this is about as

long as both of these segments combined. The upper part of the

clypeus, also, seems to be slightly female in character, having the

puncturation somewhat more coarse and deep than in most males,

with the surface slightly more exposed by the thinner pubescence.

The mandible and cheeks seem to be entirely male, and on the

thorax, the legs are quite definitely male. The abdomen seems to

be more distinctly female, with six exposed sternal plates, a fairly

well developed scopa and a sting. The scopa partakes somewhat

of the male in that it tends to be decumbent and is composed of

finer and slightly plumose hairs, and is more sparse laterally.

Pine Valley, San Diego County, California, August 1, 1927

(F. W. Kelsey) [San Diego Mus.].

Megachile (Chelostomoides) angelarum Cockerell,

Intersex No. 2

This specimen is very nearly identical with the preceding one,

answering to the description in all essential details, and showing

only minor differences. The upper portion of the clypeus is some-

what more closely and finely punctate, being thereby a trifle more

male in character than in the other specimen, but the front tarsi

are not quite so broadly dilated as in that specimen, hence are not

quite so distinctly male in character. The antennse, mandibles and

abdomen seem to be very similar in the two specimens.

Twain-Harte, Tuolumne County, California, 4,000 feet, July,

1937 (F. E. Blaisdell) on Grindelia [Calif. Acad. Sci.].

Megachile (Pseudocentron) curvipes Smith, Intersex

The thorax and legs are entirely male in character, showing no

evident differences from the condition in a normal male. The head,

however, is to a degree intermediate. The mandibles are quite

oct., 1941]

MITCHELL MEGACHILE INTERSEXES

167

distinctly of the female type, but the teeth are slightly modified

from the condition in a typical female. The face is slightly broader

than in the male, and the pubescence on the upper portion of the

clypeus is intermixed light and dark, instead of being conspicu-

ously black as in the male. The pubescence of the lower portion

is dense enough to hide the surface, but is not quite of the male

type. The clypeus is thus about intermediate between the typical

male and female condition. The apical joints of both antennse are

missing, and since the basal portions of these appendages are not

markedly dimorphic, we cannot determine their condition.

The basal portion of the abdomen seems to be slightly more

male than female in character, although dimorphism here also is

slight and differences are thus harder to detect. Six sterna are

at least partially exposed, the fifth being in large part hidden

under the fourth, but this is due apparently to the position of the

abdomen rather than to any modification of the plate. The sterna

are largely devoid of a scopa, but the apical margins of the second

to the fifth are fringed with long thin pubescence, much as in the

male. The sixth is largely bare, with a short subapical fringe and

sparse hairs basally and laterally, which is typical of females in

the subgenus Pseudocentron to which cuo-vipes belongs. The second

to fifth terga have conspicuous entire yellow apical fasciae, as in

females of fossoris, but the disc of the fifth is covered with short

thin greyish tomentum and longer erect hairs which are pale in

general, with but a few intermixed dark hairs. The sixth tergum

has entirely pale pubescence, this partly as appressed tomentum

and partly erect hairs. This condition of the fifth and sixth terga

does not agree with the condition in M. fossoris Smith, which I

have thought to be the female of cwrvipes , but because of the

anomalous character of this specimen we are not warranted prob-

ably in arriving at any positive opinions on this point.

S. Geronimo, Guatemala (Champion) [Brit. Mus. ; Godwin-

Salvin coll. 1911-24].

Megachile (Argyropile) parallela Smith, Intersex

This specimen is male in large part, entirely so in both head

and thorax. The abdominal terga, also, seem to be quite male in

character, but the sixth is definitely female, and a sting protrudes

between it and the sixth sternum. The other abdominal sterna are

female in general form, lacking any of the modifications char-

acteristic of the male, but the scopa is very thin and poorly

developed.

Twain-Harte, Tuolumne County, California, 4,000 feet, July,

1937 (F. E. Blaisdell) on Grindelia [Calif. Acad. Sci.].

This is the second intersexual specimen of this species to be

collected.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Megachile (Litomegachile) onobrychidis Cockerell, Intersex?

This is a quite normal female in all respects but one, that

being a degree of density of the pubescence on the clypeus which

is not found in the female of this species, but is characteristic of

the male. Beneath this pubescence, the surface of the clypeus is

somewhat more finely punctured than in the normal female.

Lompoc, California, August 6, 1938 (Joan Russell) [Univ. of

Kansas].

All of these specimens are considered to be intersexes rather

than gynandromorphs, and the causes of their occurrence are

quite probably physiological rather than genetic. Space will not

be taken here to discuss the various facts and theories of sex de-

termination. These were briefly summarized in the paper on sex

anomalies 1 2 * 4 , and for more complete information reference should

be made to the works of Goldschmidt 2 or Crews 1 . A somewhat

more recent work by Goldschmidt 3 reviews all of this informa-

tion.

Two apparent gynandromorphs have been described in this

genus, one of M. willughbiella Kirby by Stenton 6 , and another of

M. latimanus Say by myself 5 . In this latter specimen the right

side is female and the left male, with the line of division between

the two remarkably definite and distinct. Such conditions are

considered to be due to genetic upsets, and are in sharp contrast

with the conditions in the specimens described here. These are

probably genotypic females which have had maleness impressed

upon them in varying degrees, depending upon the length of time

during development in which the causal factors have been opera-

tive. Of these six specimens, those of vidua and parallela are the

most completely male in character, and it is likely therefore that

a change in direction of development from femaleness to male-

ness occurred earlier in those specimens than in any of the others.

In the case of the specimen of onobrychidis, it is evident that the

change of direction occurred very late.

1 Crews, F. A. E. Abnormal sexuality in animals, II. Physiological. Quart.

Rev. Biol., 2:249-266, 1927.

2 Goldschmidt, R. A further contribution to the theory of sex. Jour. Exp.

Zool., 22:593-611, 1917.

8 Goldschmidt, R. Die Sexuellen Zurischenstufen, Berlin, 1931.

4 Mitchell, T. B. Sex anomalies in the genus Megachile. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

54 :321-383, 1929.

6 Mitchell, T. B. A gynandromorph of Megachile latimanus Say. Jour. Elisha

Mitchell Soc., 47 :52-54, 1932.

6 Stenton, R. Gynandromorphism of Megachile willughbiella. Ent. Mag., 45 :

188, 1909.

oct., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADIDiE

169

THREE NEW GENERA OF APTEROUS ARADID7E

(Hemiptera)

BY ROBERT L. USINGER

University of California, Davis

The recent discovery of apterous Aradidae of the genus

Chelonocoris Miller* was a most remarkable advance in our

concept of this group of insects. Localized geographically and

exhibiting such remarkable characters, it was unhesitatingly

made the type of a new subfamily, Chelonocorinae. Now we

find that a new genus, Notoplocoris, disrupts the geographical

picture and a new genus, Emydocoris, destroys any structural

homogeneity which the Chelonocorinae may once have had. The

nymphs of Notoplocoris, furthermore, link this form with typi-

cal Mezirinae. Indeed, the genus Barcinus Stal, with long first

antennal segment, strongly produced juga, and laterally located

eighth segment stigmata, suggests a possible direct ancestor for

Chelonocoris and Phyllotingis Walker suggests such an ancestral

form for the American Notoplocoris. Emydocoris was very

likely derived by aptery from a Mezira- like ancestor. Thus a

polyphyletic origin of the apterous Aradidae is indicated and the

subfamily Chelonocorinae is no longer tenable.

The present case throws light on the general problem of

pterygopolymorphism in the Heteroptera. The Aradidae are

now known to exhibit brachyptery ( Mezira , Aradus ) , stenoptery

( Aradus ) and aptery ( Chelonocoris , Notoplocoris, Emydocoris,

Chelonoderus ) . Such phenomena are commonplace in the Ger-

ridae and Veliidae and are accompanied by equally remarkable

structural modifications, particularly those correlated with

wing development, e.g. thoracic modifications. Although a few

Veliidae and Gerridae ( Trochopus , Halovelia and Halobates ) are

permanently apterous, many others exhibit all degrees from

macroptery to aptery within a single population.

The modern conception of hormone control of development

suggests that apterous forms which retain many nymphal struc-

tures but which have fully developed reproductive organs may

represent cases of arrested or retarded development of one set

of organs. This is certainly less remarkable than the complete

* Miller, N. C. E. 1938. A new subfamily of Malaysian Dysodiidse. Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist. (11) 1:498-510, 7 figs.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVn, NO. 4

neoteny exhibited by larviform females of Lampyridae or the

paedogenesis which occurs in Micromalthus, the Cecidomyidae,

and in a few other groups.

Key to the Apterous Genera of Mezirin^e

(Chelonocorenle Miller)

1. Pronotum narrow, gradually constricted anteriorly where it

is narrower than head. First antennal segment as long or longer

than head. Antenniferous tubercles scarcely produced. Ori-

ental Chelonocoris Miller

-. Pronotum with well developed antero-lateral angles across which

it is broader than head. First antennal segment shorter than

head. Antenniferous tubercles well developed 2

2. Head subquadrate, with large subangular lobes behind the eyes.

Body surface entirely naked. Connexival segments not pro-

duced, even on seventh segment. Neotropical. .Emydocoris, n. gen.

-. Head subtriangular, strongly narrowed behind the eyes. Body

surface at least partially clothed with short, thick, appressed

hairs. Connexival segments briefly arcuate posteriorly, the

sixth and seventh segments more strongly produced into dis-

tinct lobes 3

3. Juga slender, subparallel, subacute at apices, not reaching

middle of first antennal segment. Metanotum produced laterad

as a plate-like cover over base of connexivum. Neotropical.

Notoplocoris, n. gen.

-. Juga broad, dilated anteriorly, and feebly, obliquely emarginate

at apices, reaching nearly to apex of first antennal segment.

Metanotum confined within narrow connexival plates, not

reaching lateral margins. Australian Chelonoderus, n. gen.

Notoplocoris Usinger, new genus

Apterous, subtriangular in form, and irregularly clothed with

erect or subappressed thick hairs. Head slightly longer than

broad, strongly narrowed basally, without postocular spines; an-

tenniferous tubercles prominent, divergent, acute; anterior portion

of head reaching almost to middle of first antennal segment, the

juga surpassing tylus by one-half their length, produced straight

forward and tapering apically, forming a deep cleft between.

Antennse a little shorter than head and thorax combined, the first

segment long, curved outward, stout, sparsely clothed with erect

hairs, second segment slender, cylindrical and nude, half as long

as first, third slender, cylindrical and wide, slightly longer than first,

fourth shortest, pyriform, densely pilose on apical third. Rostrum,

not reaching base of head. Pronotum half again as wide as head

across eyes, the sides roundly lobulate; meso and metanota pro-

gressively wider, produced laterally as rounded or subangulate

lobes. Metasternal orifice channels visible from above between

OCT., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADIDiE

171

meso and metanota. Meso and metanota without trace of wing 1

pads, triangular scutellum absent. Trochanters distinctly sepa-

rated from femora. Abdomen entirely exposed above, the terga

forming a regular pattern of granules and plates. Connexival

segments sinuate on their basal halves, briefly arcuately expanded

pn posterior halves, those of seventh segment produced as short,

divergent lobes, rounded at apices, on either side of genital seg-

ment. Stigmata of all segments except eighth (genital lobes)

located remote from lateral margins, genital lobes with stigmata

placed on the sides and visible from above. Abdomen with sides

concave to expanded seventh segment in male, oval in outline and

broadest across sixth segment in female.

Figure 1. Notoplocoris montei Usinger, n. gen. and sp., female

allotype.

Genotype: Notoplocoris montei Usinger, n. sp.

Suggestive of the Malay genus Chelonocoris Miller because

of the apterous condition and plate-like pattern of the abdomi-

nal tergites. Chelonocoris differs in possessing relatively longer

first antenal segments; a less deeply cleft apical process of

head; shorter antenniferous tubercles; broader base of head with

pronotum but little wider than head anteriorly and evenly widen-

ing posteriorly, without rounded lateral lobes on each thoracic

segment; scuteller area rather distinctly indicated as a poste-

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

riorly produced triangular plate; connexival segments not

roundly lobulate on their posterior halves, the seventh abdomi-

nal segment produced on either side of genital segments into

long, rounded or subacute lobes; trochanters partially fused

with the femora.

Notoplocoris montei Usinger, new species

(Figure 1)

Male. Head, one-fourth longer than broad across eyes, 50:: 39;

apical process comprising about two-fifths of entire head length,

the tylus extending about half of this distance, juga produced

beyond apex of tylus for one-fifth of total length of head; juga

tapering apically, their inner margins subparallel, forming a deep,

narrow cleft; antenniferous tubercles very prominent, arising about

at middle of head just in front of eyes and separated from apical

process of head almost from their bases by deep clefts, broad on

basal two-thirds, more attenuated and divergent on apical third

beyond insertion of antennae; eyes globular, small but strongly

exserted, about one-sixth as wide as interocular space, 5::28;

head strongly narrowed behind eyes, briefly angular immediately

behind eyes, arcuately converging toward the middle of postocular

region, less than half the width across eyes and sub parallel at

basal fifth, with a narrow, finely granular, constricted neck region

at extreme base; upper surface roughened and polished except for

a large smooth area laterally behind eyes; tylus moderately ele-

vated, head with a broadly elevated median area, separated by ill

defined depressions from lateral areas which are continuous with

antenniferous tubercles and bear the eyes and antennae; under

surface convex, the under sides of antenniferous tubercles bulbous

behind insertions of antennae, apical process beneath tylus strongly

convex; pubescence unevenly erect or subappressed except for

smooth sublateral areas behind eyes, the lateral margins behind

eyes with hairs on subangular prominence and two rows of closely

placed hairs behind this. Rostrum inserted a little in front of

middle and inside of a narrow slit in a strongly produced lobe;

this apparently bilobed hood decreasing in elevation posteriorly to

form the longitudinal carinae of the rostral groove which join just

before base of head; large, oblique wrinkles on either side of

rostral groove; rostrum scarcely reaching end of rostral groove,

its first segment very slender and located within the narrow cleft

described above; terminal segments broader. Antennae twice as

long as head; proportion of segments one to four as 35:18:37:10;

first segment seven-tenths as long as head, about half as thick as

front femora, slightly narrowed basally, curved outward, beset

with erect, stiff hairs; second and third segments about half as

thick as first, cylindrical, with very short, sparse, appressed hairs.

OCT., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADIDiE

173

Thorax subflattened above, the sutures between segments ill-

defined. Pronotum on anterior two-fifths with two ring-like areas

which bear dense erect hairs along their sides; widening abruptly

posterior to this to one-fourth broader than head across eyes, the

rounded lateral lobes a little elevated, bearing two rows of erect

hairs along their edges anteriorly and numerous shorter hairs

posteriorly; disk behind ring-like elevations with a narrow but

deep impression longitudinally at middle, with posteriorly diver-

gent elevated carinse on either side of middle and irregular sub-

lateral carinse beyond subdepressed areas; posterior margin

straight laterally, moderately convex medially. Mesonotum almost

half again as broad across lateral lobes as across pronotal lobes,

75:: 55; lobes subroundly produced anteriorly, narrowed poste-

riorly; disk with a feebly developed median longitudinal elevation

which is finely impressed along its middle; disk moderately ele-

vated laterally at middle and strongly depressed into a broad deep

pit on either side of middle at posterior margin and extending onto

metanotum; posterior margin ill-defined at middle a little behind

these impressions, then turning forward through the pits and ex-

tending as a concave arch to lateral margin at ostiolar cleft.

Metanotum short, about half as long on median line as mesonotum,

produced laterally as a narrow, plate-like lobe with rounded apex,

the width across these lobes one-fourth greater than greatest width

of mesonotum; metanotal disk with a finely impressed line along

middle, feebly depressed on either side of middle behind deep an-

terior pits and broadly convex sublaterally; posterior margin very

ill-defined, transverse at center, concavely sinuate on either side

of middle and broadly convex sublaterally. Ostiolar canals pro-

duced outward as short, rounded lobes on either side between meso

and metanota.

Abdomen with first segment visible only from above, practically

fused with metanotum anteriorly, about as long as metanotum on

median line and traversed by a continuation of the finely impressed

longitudinal thoracic line ; disk elevated at middle and sublaterally,

with a subtriangular plate on either side cut off from abdominal

margin by the connexival plate of second abdominal segment;

broad, transverse areas on either side of middle bounded medially

and anteriorly by low, rounded tubercles which are irregularly

spaced. Main disk of abdomen sharply divided sublaterally by a

deeply impressed suture into a broad lateral connexival area and

the central abdominal tergum which is about three times as wide

as connexivum. Connexival margins feebly concave on anterior

portion of each segment, briefly, roundly produced on posterior

fourth into small rounded lobes which increase in size from ante-

rior to posterior segments and each of which bears a tuft of thick

pale hairs. Sixth connexival segment strongly produced, the dis-

tance across expanded, angulately rounded lobes one-eighth greater

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

than greatest width across metathorax. Seventh connexival mar-

gin more narrowly produced, the lobes produced postero-laterally

on either side of genital segments and rounded apically, not reach-

ing level of tip of genital segments. Disk of each connexival seg-

ment except the subtriangular second segment, divided into an

outer homogeneous half which is subdepressed posteriorly, and

an inner half which is further subdivided by an oblique impressed

line into two subtriangular areas, each with a paler, smooth

rounded area at its center. Most of connexivum with short, sub-

appressed hairs but with a tuft of longer, suberect hairs at middle

of posterior margin of segments III to VI. Tergal plates likewise

further subdivided, segments two to seven each with a pair of

lateral smooth areas opposite those of connexival segments, each

pair of cells slightly depressed, bounded along their inner margins

by rows of rounded tubercles and each cell with a pale round spot

at center. Central areas of tergites delimited by sutures or rows

of tubercles or both and bearing a rounded smooth area at the

middle of each side. Second segment composed of two subtriangu-

lar plates, one on either side of the anteriorly produced third

segment which is broadly joined to first segment at middle. Third

segment nearly half again as long as broad, very feebly longitu-

dinally impressed along middle of anterior half, bounded along

anterior and lateral margins by rounded tubercles, depressed a

little behind middle and elevated at narrow transversely rugose

posterior margin where the first dorsal abdominal scent gland

opening is present. Fourth segment deeply emarginate anteriorly

to receive the posteriorly produced third segment, roundly arcuate

and bounded by tubercles laterally, slightly less strongly produced

backwards than third segment, the narrow posterior tip finely

transversely rugose and bearing the second scent gland at its apex.

Disk on either side of produced third segment slightly depressed

and bearing numerous long, subappressed hairs. Fifth segment

likewise deeply notched for the reception of the posterior projec-

tion of fourth segment, subrounded and bounded laterally by

rounded tubercles, posterior margin less strongly and more nar-

rowly produced and slightly raised apically at middle at the third

abdominal scent gland. Sixth segment nearly straight along poste-

rior margin. Seventh segment strongly elevated and broadly concave

at middle. First genital segment ring-like but longest at middle,

produced on either side of second genital segment as knob-like

genital lobes which do not reach level of apex of second segment.

Second genital segment strongly convex, subrounded posteriorly

with a broad, attenuated process dorsally which is curved down-

ward apically. Genital segments and areas adjoining, clothed with

thick pale hairs.

Under surface sparsely clothed with short, subappressed, pale

hairs with a series of longitudinal subtriangular or oval smooth

oct., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADIDiE

175

areas along middle, one each on mesosternum, metasternum, and

abdominal segments one to six. Abdomen with three rows of

smooth round areas, the outermost row on ventral portion of con-

nexivum. Spiracles of all but the eighth segment ventral, located

about half way between sublateral longitudinal suture and lateral

margin. Spiracles of eighth segment located laterally on the edges

of strap-like posterior processes. Trochanters distinct. Femora

moderately incrassate, without stout spines or processes. Legs

clothed with erect or subappressed, thick pale hairs.

Color generally brown with ferrugineous disk-like areas, ros-

trum, trochanters, and ostiolar grooves, fulvous tarsi and testa-

ceous pubescence.

Female. Similar to male but with the abdomen broader, the

connexival margins forming an oval outline in contrast to the

concave outline with posterior dilation of the male. Female ab-

domen widest across dilated portions of fifth segment, nearly as

wide at this level as long. Sixth abdominal tergite strongly ele-

vated at middle of posterior half, seventh tergite broadly elevated

at middle with an arcuately rugose depression in the elevated area.

Seventh segment produced postero-laterally on either side of

genital segments as apically rounded lobes which do not attain

level of apices of genital segments. First genital segment pro-

duced on either side of median process as subacute lobes, each

bearing a spiracle on its outer edge which is visible from above.

Median process reaching about to level of lobes of first genital

segment, the genital valves slightly exceeding central oviduct.

Size: male, length 10.3, width (abdomen) 4.6 mm.; female,

length 12 mm., width (abdomen) 5.5 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5222, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., allotype,

female, No. 5223, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., and one male and one

female paratype, Angra, Estado Rio de Janeiro, Jussaral, Octo-

ber, 1935 (L. Travassos et Lopes).

Two nymphs of indeterminate instar are 8% and 9 mm. in

length and 4 mm. wide. They are very similar to nymphs of

the genus Mezira, differing chiefly in the different antennal pro-

portions (as described above for the adults), strongly produced

juga, lack of mesonotal and metanotal wing pads, and lateral

position of the spiracles of eighth abdominal segment. Most

significant similarities to Mezira are the presence of postocular

spines (absent in adult Notoplocoris) and nearly identical ar-

rangement of thoracic and abdominal plates and depressed areas

into a pattern which appears to be basic for the Mezirinae and

which is certainly the precursor of the arrangement seen in

adult Notoplocoris.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO . 4

Emydocoris Usinger, new genus

Apterous, elongate-oval in form, convex below with a compli-

cated pattern of pits and elevations above; surface in great part

naked. Head subquadrate, as long as wide across the eyes, with

sides subparallel, eyes only slightly protruding. Anterior portion

of head relatively short, about one- third of total head length, juga

surpassing tylus and contiguous beyond it, moderately dilated

apically. Antenniferous tubercles relatively short, extending only

about one-third the length of median portion of head, scarcely

dilated apically, the outer side nearly parallel. Eyes longer than

broad. Postocular portion of head dilated into thick lobules which

complete the subquadrate outline. Rostrum short, not reaching

posterior limits of deep rostral sulcus. Antennae short, one-third

longer than head, the first segment thickest, curved outward,

second segment a little enlarged apically, shortest, one-third

shorter than first, third segment longest, cylindrical, half again

as long as first, fourth segment a little shorter than first, with a

pyriform shape due to the great thickening subapically, densely

pubescent apically.

Pronotum about three times as broad as head, strongly,

roundly elevated at sides, narrowed to a depressed collar ante-

riorly, not produced laterally into lobes. Mesonotum. short and

roundly elevated laterally but scarcely produced laterally over

ostiolar canals. Metanotum not reaching lateral margins, fused

posteriorly with first abdominal segment. Meso and metanotal

disks deeply pitted laterally, without trace of wing pads and with-

out triangular scutellum. Trochanters distinctly separated from

femora.

Abdomen entirely exposed above, elevated medially, depressed

and lobulate sub-later ally, the broad connexival margins elevated

laterally, the margins feebly rounded forming the subrounded

contours of abdomen which are uninterrupted by lobes or processes

except for genitalia. Stigmata of all but eighth abdominal seg-

ment located remote from lateral margins at or near the middle

of their respective segments. Spiracles of eighth segment (genital

lobes) located postero-laterally on the short lobes.

Genotype: Emydocoris testudinatus Usinger, n. sp.

Suggestive of Mezira in shape of anterior portion of head,

antennae, location of abdominal spiracles, and in female geni-

talia. Differing in the absence of postocular spines and in the

apterous condition and remarkable arrangement of plates dor-

sally. Emydocoris differs from the other apterous Aradidae thus

far described in the subquadrate head with broad postocular

oct., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADHUE

177

portion and in its non-lobulate thoracic and connexival angles

and its glabrous body surface.

Figure 2. Emydocoris testudinatus Usinger, n. gen. and sp.,

female holotype.

Emydocoris testudinatus Usinger, new species

Female. Head slightly longer than broad across eyes, 37 : : 34 ;

apical process comprising about one-third of entire head length,

the tylus extending only about half this distance, the juga con-

tiguous beyond this, dilated into large rounded lobes apically;

antenniferous tubercles short, the distance from front margin

of an eye to apex of antenniferous tubercle equal to length of an

eye; tubercles feebly anteriorly divergent and blunt at apices;

eyes suboval, about two-thirds as broad as long, extending about

one-third of their width beyond sides of head, about one-third as

wide as interocular space, 7::20; postocular portion of head

broad, the postero-lateral lobes depressed sublaterally, thickened

laterally, the posterior angles subrounded, nearly touching pro-

notal collar. Antennse slightly longer than head, 42::37; propor-

tion of segments one to four as 10:8:14:10. Rostrum very short,

less than half as long as head, 17: :37; proportion of segments one

to four as 2:3: 5:7; rostral groove narrow and swollen anteriorly

at base of rostrum, broad and very deep behind base, the strongly

elevated sides of trough continuing around posterior end to com-

pletely enclose trough.

Pronotum two and one-half times as broad as long, 52 : :20 ;

widest posteriorly, the sides thickly rounded and strongly elevated,

antero-lateral angles broadly rounded, depressed toward the mid-

dle, anterior margin depressed and forming a smooth collar; disk

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL- XVII, NO. 4

with an oblique rounded carina sublaterally near each antero-

lateral angle, then with a deep collar to just within postero-lateral

angles; with a broad oblique elevation on either side of middle,

terminated by a small transverse carina just before collar and

separated by a very deep median suture or fossa which widens

and becomes shallower posteriorly to feebly elevated posterior

margin. Mesonotum three times as broad as long, 60:: 18; longest

at middle where it is nearly as long as pronotum, 18:: 19; disk

briefly roundly elevated laterally over ostiolar canals, with a deep

oblique pit on either side of middle, the sides of pit produced on

either side as rounded tubercles with apices subcontiguous; mid-

dle of disk strongly elevated and feebly, longitudinally impressed;

posterior margin strongly sinuate, straight at middle, bent strongly

forward and then outward behind pits, and then again curved

forward sublaterally just before connexivum. Metanotum fused

with first abdominal segment.

Abdomen with disk separated into the usual connexival, sub-

connexival, discomarginal, and discal areas, the entire disk ele-

vated along middle and depressed sublaterally along sutures which

separate connexivum from disk; connexivum of first and second

segments fused, very long, extending forward to lateral lobes of

mesonotum; connexival segments with long, shallow depressions

sublaterally, the third to sixth segments with ill-defined plate-like

areas on inner half; disk of abdomen with a deep oblique pit lat-

erally at base on either side of metanotum, the anterior and

posterior margins of each pit roundly produced and nearly con-

tiguous; marginal discal area of third to sixth segments depressed

in the form of ovals, the posterior margins of third to fifth seg-

ments with an inner and outer tubercle converging with their

apices nearly contiguous behind each depressed area; third seg-

ment longest, as long at middle as the remaining segments of disk,

with a rounded depression either side of middle on basal half;

apex of third segment transversely wrinkled, fourth and fifth

segments much shorter, likewise transversely wrinkled posteriorly;

sixth segment broad with two longitudinal elevations at middle

and a small rounded lobe on either side of posterior margin sub-

laterally.

Under surface convex, thoracic pleura wrinkled, abdominal

segments each with a small dull spot at middle and with a pair of

dull, depressed spots on either side of sublateral sutures. Bases

of ventral abdominal segments with pits and tubercles alternating

across their entire width. Genital lobes very short, the terminal

median lobe more prominent. Ventral plates strongly longitudi-

nally wrinkled.

Color uniform brownish ferrugineous, the eyes, apices of

antennas, and tarsi paler, testaceous.

Size: female, length 8 mm., width (abdomen) 4 mm.

oct., 1941]

USINGER — APTEROUS ARADIDiE

179

Holotype, female, No. 5224, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Angra,

Estado Rio de Janeiro, Jussaral, October, 1935 (L. Travassos et

Lopes) .

Figure 3. Chelonoderus stylatus Usinger, n. gen. and sp., male,

holotype.

Chelonoderus Usinger, new genus

Apterous, elongate-oval in form, and clothed over most of the

body with appressed, thick hairs. Head nearly as broad across

eyes as long, 52 : : 60, strongly narrowed behind the eyes into a

slender neck region without postocular tubercles or spines. Ante-

rior process comprising about one-third of total head length,

narrowed at middle and feebly dilated apically with a small notch

at middle of apex. Antenniferous tubercles long, divergent, sub-

cylindrical, blunt at apex, reaching about to middle of first anten-

nal segment. Eyes strongly exserted, suboval in form, located

completely laterad of a line drawn from sides of antenniferous

tubercles to sides of head at base. Antennas slightly longer than

head, the first segment thickest, curved outward, briefly surpassing

apical process of head, second and third segments more slender,

nearly cylindrical, fourth segment pyriform and pubescent apically.

Pronotum not quite one-fourth wider than head across eyes,

the front margin depressed with a collar, sides strongly, roundly

elevated, disk deeply pitted at middle with an irregular elevated

lobe on either side of middle. Mesonotum wider, with a small lobe

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VO'L.XVII, NO. 4

above ostiolar opening, the disk depressed except for a large lobe

on either side of middle and a median, longitudinally impressed

elevation. Metanotum deeply, broadly impressed on either side of

median elevation with the sides of oblique depressions lobulately

produced and approximate at center. Third, fourth, and fifth

connexival segments shallowly concave anteriorly and a little

convex posteriorly, the sixth and seventh segments strongly lobed.

Stigmata located approximately at middle of ventral connexi-

val plates on segments two to seven, those of eighth segment ter-

minal. Trochanters distinct.

Genotype: Chelonoderus stylatus Usinger, n. sp.

Chelonoderus differs from the geographically neighboring

species of Chelonocoris in its broad pronotum, well developed

antenniferous tubercles, stylate eyes, and in the absence of a

posterior prolongation of the mesonotum and posterior pro-

longations of the seventh abdominal segment. It is perhaps

closest to the South American Notoplocoris but that genus lacks

the dorsal pits and tubercles, has lateral metanotal lobes, and

strongly produced styliform juga.

Chelonoderus stylatus Usinger, new species

Male. Head with upper surface roughly granular, tylus and

paraclypeal lobes distinctly elevated, the disk of head with a deep

pit on either side of this elevated area, the sides of pit extending

as rounded tubercles toward each other at middle; constricted neck

region about one-third as wide as head across eyes; juga subflat-

tened, depressed, feebly dilated anteriorly, the apices broad and

obliquely, shallowly emarginate, the entire apical process appear-

ing feebly notched at middle because of divergent apices of juga.

Eyes suboval in form, about one-seventh as wide as interocular

space. Antennas slightly longer than head, 67:: 60; proportion of

segments one to four as 23:13:19:12. Rostrum about half as long

as head, the rostral groove deep and completely enclosed.

Pronotum slightly broader than length of head, 64:: 60, about

two and one-half times as broad as long on median line, 64:: 26;

anterior margin depressed, forming a ring-like collar with a pair

of rounded tubercles on each side opposing rounded tubercles from

elevated pronotal disk, the apices of opening tubercles approxi-

mate; lateral pronotal margins greatly swollen, strongly elevated,

sinuate on outer margins, with a longitudinal impression sepa-

rating off an inner higher lobe; depressed central portion of disk

with a prominent lobe on either side of middle separated by a

oct., 1941]

USINGER APTEROUS ARADIDiE

181

deep median longitudinal pit; posterior margin narrowly depressed

beneath overhanging discal lobes, moderately sinuate. Mesonotum

very short and broad, only half as long as pronotum and one-third

wider across ostiolar lobes than width of pronotum ; disk unevenly

elevated laterally at ostiolar openings, broadly depressed sub-

laterally, with a large lobe on either side of middle entirely sur-

rounded by a deep depression; each lobe projecting backward and

nearly meeting a lobe extending across from central elevated area

of metanotum; middle of mesonotum with a strongly elevated,

longitudinally impressed, carina which broadens posteriorly into

metanotum. Metanotum about as long as pronotum, enclosed by

the connexivum from lateral margins ; discal elevation highest

along middle, depressed sublaterally on posterior half, the sides

strongy elevated and dilated posteriorly, overhanging and approxi-

mating a corresponding lobe on lateral discal elevation with a

deep, smooth, oblique depression on either side beneath and between

the opposing lobes.

Abdominal disk moderately elevated medially, the first, second

and third segments fused; fused area elevated anteriorly at mid-

dle, depressed laterally with tubercles as described above opposing

those of metanotum over lateral depression; fused elevated area

about as long as thorax, with a pair of oval or elongate oval de-

pressions on either side of middle and with posterior portion

narrowed to glandular opening at posterior margin. . Fourth and

fifth segments relatively short at middle and gradually decreasing

in elevation to posterior margin of fifth segment. Sides of disk

with two depressed areas on third segment, three on fourth and

fifth, and two on sixth, with opposing tubercles between fourth

and fifth and between fifth and sixth segments. Connexivum

roughly sculptured, the first two segments fused, extending for-

ward as a slender tip reaching ostiolar openings. Hind margins

of second and third connexival segments, at least, elevated. Sixth

and seventh connexival segments distinctly lobulate laterally, the

seventh segment strongly elevated at middle. Lobes of eighth

segment extremely short, reaching only to middle of genital lobe,

this median lobe likewise comparatively short, subcordate, not

reaching level of apices of lobes of seventh segment. Under sur-

face rugose and impressed much as in related genera. Color rather

uniform brown with the rostrum and tarsi somewhat paler.

Size: Male, length 11 mm., width (connexivum) 5% mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5225, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., N. Queens-

land, Australia, October 4, 1920, J. A. Kusche collector.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF MYZUS FROM HUMBOLDT

COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

(Homoptera, Aphididas)

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley

Myzus humboldti Essig, new species

A medium-sized bright to pale green and slightly pulverulent

species feeding on the tips of the new growth and on the buds

and flowers of western viburnum or bridal wreath, Viburnum

ellipticum Hook., at Bishop Pine Lodge, two miles north of

Trinidad, Humboldt County, California. It was collected by the

writer on June 2, 1938.

Color. Green and pulverulent, the alates with dusky or black

head, antennae, thorax, cornicles, and cauda; three distinct cir-

cular dusky marginal areas in front of a larger irregular dark

area at the base of each and two smaller marginal dark areas be-

hind cornicles; three sub-lateral dorsal dusky patches, and two

quite large somewhat transverse dark areas on dorsum in front

of a line connecting the bases of cornicles; and small groups of

dark glandular areas arranged in two indefinite rows on dorsum

and distinctly visible in cleared specimens. The wing veins are

also faintly dusky-bordered. The apterae are wholly green

throughout or with head and appendages faintly dusky.

Winged viviparous female. Length, 2.6 mm.; width, 0.8 mm.;

length of antennae, 2.6 mm.; length of fore wing, 3 mm. Setae on

head and antennae very short, somewhat thickened apically, and

few in number; hairs thin and sparsely arranged on dorsum and

tibial spines are short and stiff. A small prothoracic tubercle

and a single small tubercle in each marginal dusky area. An-

tennal segment III with from seven to twelve circular, large and

small secondary sensoria arranged somewhat in a row and con-

fined to the basal one-half or two-thirds. Rostrum short, extend-

ing to second coxae. Cornicles dark, swollen beyond basal constric-

tion as illustrated; faintly imbricated throughout and with a few

concentric lines and without true reticulation at apex; 0.45 mm.

long. Cauda dusky, blunt, with two or three pairs of hairs; 0.25

mm. long.

Apterous viviparous female. Length, 2.8 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.;

length of antennas, 2.2 mm. Uniformly pale green throughout

and pulverulent in life; antennae, legs, cornicles, and rarely also

the cauda may appear faintly dusky in cleared specimens. Frontal

tubercles well developed and antennal segment I gibbose and

roughened on inner surface. Setae clavate or pointed, very short

Oct., 1941]

ESSIG MYZUS

183

and inconspicuous. Antennal segment III usually with either

one or two small or large circular sensoria near the base. Ros-

trum extends to the second coxae. Co^micles as illustrated; 0.55

mm. long. Cauda similar to that of alate; 0.30 mm. long.

Fig. 1. Myzus humboldti Essig, n. sp. W, winged and A, apter-

ous females; G, glandular area from dorsum; L, base of hind leg

showing sensoria; R, rostrum; T, distal portion of hind leg; tub,

marginal dusky area and tubercle.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

This species is likely to be confused with Myzus lilii Mason*

from which it may be distinguished by the green color, fewer

sensoria on segment III of the alates, presence of sensoria on III

of the apterae, the swollen cornicles, and the absence of apical

reticulations on the cornicles.

Myzus lilii Mason appears to be very close to if not synony-

mous with Macrosiphum scoliopi Essig which occurs on liliaceous

plants in California and which might readily be included in the

genus Myzus.

These descriptions were made from a series of sixty-three

apterous and seven winged viviparous females mounted on twenty

slides, two of which are in Belese medium. A single winged

specimen is designated as the type and all others are indicated

as paratypes. Paratypes have been deposited in the collections of

the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing-

ton, D. C.

* Mason, P. W., 1940. A revision of the North American aphids of the genus

Myzus. U. S. Dept. Aer. Miscl. Pub. No. 371 :l-30.

NEW CHILOPODS FROM MEXICO

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah, Salt Lake City

The six new species herein described are based upon material

collected on the “Third Hoogstraal Mexican Biological Expedi-

tion” which was carried out during June and July of 1940. The

specimens were collected by Harry Hoogstraal, leader of the ex-

pedition, and Kenneth Knight. All material is retained at the

University of Utah.

ScOLOPENDRIDA

Scolopendra michoacana Chamberlin, new species

A relatively small form which is olive in color throughout,

including antennae and legs.

Head smooth, without sulci, freely overlapping the first dorsal

plate. Antennae composed of sixteen articles of which the first five

are glabrous or nearly so. Prosternum smooth, the dental plates

set off by sulci that meet at middle in a very obtuse angle; teeth

distinct, 4 — 4, with the two innermost on each side fused except at

distal end; basal process of femuroid of prehensors large, without

OCT., 1941]

CHAMBERLIN CHILOPODA

185

teeth. First dorsal plate smooth, without transverse sulcus or

paired longitudinal sulci. Paired sulci rather indistinct on second

dorsal plate, distinct on third and following plates. Lateral mar-

gination weak on eighteenth plate, distinct on nineteenth, twen-

tieth, and twenty-first. Last dorsal plate without trace of median

sulcus. Last ventral plate narrowed caudad, the caudal corners

rounded, the caudal margin straight; without sulci. Caudal process

of coxopleuras of anal legs moderately short, bearing four spines

distally; a spine on caudal margin of coxopleura; pores very fine

and numerous. First to nineteenth legs with a single, ventral

tarsal spine, twentieth and twenty-first without tarsal spines.

Third joint of nineteenth and twentieth legs unarmed ventrally or

dorsally. Anal legs with fourth joint strongly flattened dorso-

ventrally; the fifth joint flattened proximally but becoming cylin-

drical at distal end; the third joint flattened above and over distal

portion beneath. Third joint of anal legs at distal end above with

a conspicuous process bearing two distal spines; with five spines

on mesal surface arranged 1-2-1; three ventral spines in line at

mesal edge and seven toward outer side arranged approximately

1-1-2-1-2-1. Other joints unspined. Claw with two spines at base.

Length, about 64 mm.

Locality. Michoacan: Tancitaro. Two specimens taken by

Hoogstraal, July 20, 1940, at an elevation of 6500 feet under

rock in moist woods.

Of specimens known from Mexico, apparently nearest to S. mor-

sitans, but readily distinguished from that species in lacking a

median sulcus on the last dorsal plate, smaller number of antennal

articles, characteristic color, etc.

Geophilida

Genus Nuevona Chamberlin, new genus

A sogonid genus in which the first maxillas have pale, slender,

membranous lappets. Prosternum with chitinous lines fine or ob-

scure, unarmed; prehensors unarmed. Last sternite broad; coxo-

pleural pores small, typically four or five on each side, these

covered by border of the sternite. Anal legs ending in a claw.

Genotype: Nuevona leonensis Chamberlin, new species.

Distinguished from all other genera referred to in the Sogo -

nidoe except Garrina, another Mexican genus, in having the anal

legs armed with claws. From Garrina it is readily distinguished in

having several independently opening coxopleural pores on each

side instead of two large pits.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VO'L. XVII, NO. 4

Nuevona leonensis Chamberlin, new species

Head small, longer than wide; widest at about beginning of

posterior third and then narrowing caudad and more conspicu-

ously forward. Head overlapping basal plate. Prehensors covered

by head; joints all unarmed. Prosteimum unarmed; chitinous lines

weak. Ventral pores in a conspicuous band across caudal border,

this band widest at middle and angularly extended forward at this

point. Last ventral plate wider than penult, sides and posterior

margin together forming a semi-circle with posterior portion some-

what flattened. Pores four or five in number, covered, or mostly

so, by the border of the ventral plate. Anal legs with proximal joints

moderately thickened in the male; claw well developed. Pairs of

legs, sixty-one. Length, 21 mm.

Locality. Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago (Haci-

enda Vista Hermosa). One male taken by Hoogstraal and Knight

in decaying wood, June 16, 1940, at an elevation of 1500 feet.

Polycricus nuevus Chamberlin, new species

Pale yellow. Antennse of medium length; proximally filiform,

distally slightly attenuated; ultimate article nearly as long as the

two preceding together. Head with cephalic plate longer than

broad, widest toward anterior end; anterior corners rounded, the

posterior oblique; the sides between corners nearly straight, slightly

conveging caudad. No frontal suture evident. Two well defined,

pale, clypeal areas. Second maxillae with coxal plates rather

broadly joined, the median area less sclerotized; pores large, open

on inner side, the mesal border being membranous or less sclero-

tized; no chitinous lines. Spiracles circular, the first decidedly

largest, the second intermediate. Ventral plates without apparent

pores. Last ventral plate narrow, the sides strongly converging

caudad; coxopleural pores over entire surface, fine and very

numerous. Anal legs without claw, the last joint long and slender,

the penult joint of intermediate thickness, the more proximal joints

thickest. Pairs of legs, 61. Length, about 30 mm.

Locality. Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago (Haci-

enda Vista Hermosa — Horsetail Falls). One specimen taken in

decaying stump by Hoogstraal and Knight, June 16, 1940, at an

elevation of 1500 feet.

This specimen is assumed to be congeneric with P. toltecus

(Humbert and Saussure), the holotype of which was originally

described from the “Eastern Cordillera and Chizoba.” Thus

Polycricus would seem to be very close to Pachymerium. The

present species seems to differ from toltecus in lacking a frontal

suture on the head, and in the more strongly narrowed last ventral

plate.

oct., 1941]

C HAMBERLIN CHILOPODA

187

Lithobiida

Labrobius major Chamberlin, new species

General color brown. Head with marginal lateral breaks slight.

Antennse of moderate length, composed of about forty-nine articles.

Eyes small, composed of about fourteen ocelli arranged thus :

1, 1, 3, 3, 3; the single ocellus and that at top of patch large,

those of bottom row much smallest. Prosternal teeth 2 — 2 as usual.

Posterior angles of seventh, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth dorsal

plates produced, the produced angles broad across base with mesal

side long, oblique and convex. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0,

1, 1(2), 1; of the second, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1; of the third, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1.

Dorsal spines of first legs 0, 0, 1, 1, 1; of the second, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1;

of the third, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2. Posterior legs lost from types; no spines

present on their coxes. Coxal pores large and circular; 5, 4, 4, 4.

Length, 24 mm.

Locality. Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago (Haci-

enda Vista Hermosa — Horsetail Falls). Two males taken June

16, 1940, by Hoogstraal and Knight in decaying wood in the

“Mesic temperate forest” at an elevation of 1500 feet.

Agreeing with L. minor , the genotype, in processes of seventh,

ninth, eleventh and 13th dorsal plates, but readily distinguished by

its much larger size — 24 mm. as against 13 mm., difference in

spining of anterior legs, and smaller eyes.

Mexicobius vistanus Chamberlin, new species

Light brownish yellow, with head and posterior end of some-

what orange tinge. Legs yellow. Antennae short, composed in

types of twenty-five to twenty-seven short articles. Ocelli 1, 1, 3, 2,

those of bottom series much reduced, all pale. Prosternal teeth

small and widely spaced, 2 — 2, the median sinus shallow and semi-

circular; lines of bases of teeth meeting at an obtuse reentrant

angle. Coxal pores small, round, 3, 3, 4, 3. Ventral spines of first

legs, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1. Ventral spines of penult legs, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2;

doysal, 0, 0, 3,2, 1; the claw double. Ventral spines of anal legs,

0, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal, 0(1), 0, 3, 1, 0; the claw double. Posterior

coxEe unarmed. Anal legs of male long and slender. Length of

male holotype about 11 mm.

Locality. Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago (Haci-

enda Vista Hermosa — Horsetail Falls). Male holotype and a

younger male taken June 16, 1940, by Hoogstraal and Knight in

the “Mesic temperate forest” at an elevation of 1500 feet.

Readily distinguished from M. hidalgoensis, the genotype, in

having the posterior coxae unarmed, in the spining of the legs,

and in the much fewer ocelli.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Genus Nuevobius Chamberlin, new genus

Head with distinct lateral marginal interruptions. Antennae

very long and composed of numerous articles. Eye-patch com-

posed of numerous seriate ocelli. Prosternal teeth typically 6 — 6,

the special marginal seta ectad of the series on each side. Posterior

corners of eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates well produced,

those of the ninth plate scarcely produced. Coxal pits strongly

transverse. In the male the anal legs slender throughout, no joint

specially thickened but the fourth longitudinally sulcate above.

Genotype. Nuevobius cavicolens Chamberlin, new species.

It is with some hesitation that this form is separated generic-

ally from Sozibius, a genus known from three species occurring in

the mountains of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. It dif-

fers, however, in having the posterior angles of the eleventh and

thirteenth dorsal plates definitely produced, in the very long an-

tennae, and the relatively longer legs of which the last pair is espe-

cially long and slender. In the latter, the fourth joint in the male

is not thickened as in the species of Sozibius, but is long and

slender. The strongly transverse pores are also characteristic in

comparison with the species of Sozibius.

Nuevobius cavicolens Chamberlin, new species

Color amber yellow, the legs somewhat lighter than the body.

Antennae very long, reaching beyond middle of body, composed of

forty-six articles. Ocelli numerous; in an elliptic patch in six

longitudinal series; single ocellus much largest, contiguous. Head

with marginal interruptions. Prosternal teeth 6 — 6; the special

seta ectad of series on each side. Posterior angles of nineteenth

and thirteenth dorsal plates distinctly produced, those of eleventh

slightly produced. Coxal pores transversely elongate, pits, some

of which seem to have smaller pores, opening into them; 6, 6, 7, 5

arrangement. Ventral spines of last legs 0, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal,

1, 0, 3, 1, 0; claw unarmed. Ventral spines of penult legs,

0, 1, 3, 3, 2; of dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1; claw unarmed. Ventral spines

of first legs 0, 0, 2, 2, 1. Last four pairs of coxae dorsally armed,

last three pairs also laterally. Anal le.qs of male very long, all

joints slender, the fourth widely longitudinally furrowed above.

Length, about 15 mm.

Locality. Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago (Haci-

enda Vista Hermosa — Horsetail Falls). One male taken June 16,

1940, by Hoogstraal “in dung of bat cave, one-quarter mile from

entrance.” “Mesic temperate forest,” elevation 1500 feet.

oct., 1941]

WHITE BRUCHUS

189

A NEW SPECIES OF BRUCHUS WITH NOTES ON

BRUCHUS MAJOR FALL AND JULIANUS HORN

(Coleoptera, Bruchidas)

BY BURDETTE E. WHITE

Merced, California

On checking over the J. N. Knull collection of Bruchidae

recently, the writer had the pleasure of observing numerous

specimens of Bruchus julianus Horn ( =ochreolineatus Fall).

The late Dr. H. C. Fall, in his brief description of B. major, in

which he compares julianus with major, overlooked the most im-

portant diagnostic character separating the two species. This is

the dentiform elevations of the basal margins of the elytra. It is

best seen from a posterior view over the top of the elytra and

shows as two small, approximate humps on each side of the

scutellum midway between the humeri and the scutellum. In juli-

anus the elevations are located between the second and fourth

elytral striae and are very approximate. In major these structures

are more acute, more widely separated, and most important — are

located between the fourth and fifth striae. This character appears

constant for some seventy-five specimens of julianus observed

from various localities in Texas, Arizona, and Lower California,

and for numerous examples of major from Brownsville, Texas.

Dr. Fall apparently had large, well characterized specimens

of major in hand when he described the species. The material in

the collections of Dr. Knull and the writer shows major to vary

considerably in size and markings. In fact, the above described

character was the only means for determining one badly rubbed

specimen of major. In an earlier synopsis of the species of

Bruchus (1910), Dr. Fall implied that this character is too vari-

able to be important.

A specimen of the julianus complex from the Huachuca

Mountains, Arizona, possesses such differences in character as to

seem worthy of consideration. Later collections from this area

may prove it to be a subspecies of julianus; but until further

material manifests this possibility, the present specimen is de-

scribed as a distinct species.

Bruchus knulli White, new species

Size and shape of julianus Horn but lacking the ochreous lines

of pubescence on the elytra, with the antennas entirely pale, and

with the pygidium finely punctate whereas julianus has coarse

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO'. 4

punctures. The shape of the body differs noticeably; julianus is

parallel sided whereas knulli is gradually narrowed from middle

to base of elytra. The punctures of the elytral strias are coarse

and strongly impressed in the former while they are fine and

feebly impressed in the latter. Ferrugineous pubescence evenly

clothes the surface of the elytral disk and pronotum of knulli. The

basal elytral denticles are similar in both forms. Specimens of

julianus are frequently rubbed, obscuring the ochreous lines of

pubescence on the elytra, but this specimen of knulli has not been

rubbed. Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 2.6 mm.

Holotype, female, collected by J. N. Knull in the Huachuca

Mountains, Arizona, July 20, 1936, in the Knull collection at

Ohio State University. The species is gratefully named in honor

of its collector.

The usual technical description has been omitted because of

the similarity to a description of julianus. The position of

knulli in our list should be between julianus and quadridentatus

Schffr.

GEOMETRID NOTES AND NEW SPECIES

(Lepidoptera)

BY EDWARD GUEDET

Napa, California

Nemoria mentastii Guedet, new species

Palpi pale ochreous tinged with reddish. Front tinged with

reddish. Collar and thorax green. Abdomen with three white

dorsal spots narrowly circled with reddish. Primaries light green;

costa narrowly edged with pale ochreous; ante-median line white,

starting about one-third out from base, perpendicular to costa and

running with a slight outcurve to inner margin about three-fifths

out from base where it rounds out meeting the post-median line;

without discal dot; post-median line straight, parallel with outer

margin, forming a V with the ante-median line; fringe ochreous

with a very slight tinge of reddish at apex. Secondaries pale green,

concolorous with primaries ; ante-median line boldly and evenly out-

curved; without discal dot; post- median line with a slight angle on

the median vein; fringe as on primaries. Beneath paler green;

without discal dot; lines above faintly showing through. Expands

27 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 5185, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Glen

Ellen, Sonoma County, California, May 12, 1940.

The distinctive feature of this species is the V-shaped lines of

the primaries. The species is named after the Rev. R. Mentasti,

of Sonoma, California, through whose kindness I received the

unique type.

oct., 1941]

GUEDET GEOMETRIC

191

Hydriomena albifasciata, form beldenae Guedet, new form

Barnes and McDunnough (Cont. Lep. N. A., iv. 10, 1917) de-

scribed the form pundocaudata from Sonoma and Alameda

Counties, California, featuring the dull olive-green color with

smoky suffusion obscuring the maculation, and the distinct white

subterminal spot with a tail. A series of specimens from Glen

Ellen, Sonoma County, California, has the distinct white subter-

minal spot in a prominent very irregular zigzag subterminal white

line running from the costa almost to the inner margin. The

primaries are suffused with ruddy, much as in the form reseda

Swett, but the black bands of the typical form are quite plain.

Holotype, male, No. 5186, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Glen Ellen,

Sonoma County, California, February 8, 1941. Allotype, female,

and three male paratypes, same data, in my collection.

For this form I propose the name beldence in honor of the

collector, Miss Rita Belden of Sonoma County.

Mesoleuca gratulata, form bakeri Guedet, new form

The median white band of the typical gratulata is strongly

constricted below the cell, due to the outward bblge of the dark

basal area and an inward bend of the outer dark area. Barnes and

McDunnough (Cont. Lep. N. A., iii, 232, 1917) described a new

variety latialbata in which the median white band is of much

more even width throughout, the basal area being only slightly

projected below the cell, and the outer line bent far less than in

the typical form. In four male specimens from Oregon we find

the opposite extreme, the dark basal area meets the dark outer

area below vein four, reducing the median area to two white

patches, one surrounding the discal spot and the other below,

resting on the inner margin.

Holotype, male, No. 5187, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Alsea,

Oregon, April 12, 1930. Three paratypes, males, Corvallis,

Oregon, May 14 and May 29, 1930, in my collection.

Named in honor of Mr. James Baker, of Baker City, Oregon,

whose correspondence on entomological matters is greatly ap-

preciated.

Amphidasis multidentata Guedet, new species

Palpi short. Thorax and abdomen stout, hairy. Primaries with

black spot at extreme base; ante-median area white, irrorate with

black; ante-median line black, generally outwardly oblique, with

three large rounded outward curves; median area more irrorate

with black, giving a darker appearance; discal dash large, black,

almost vertical; post-median line black, composed of nine very

irregular teeth pointed inwardly, coming close to the ante-median

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

line on the inner margin; post-median area about the shade of the

basal area; vein ends marked with black lunules with white cen-

ters, the black extending in blotches into the wing. Secondaries

smoky; discal spot large, smoky; post-median line diffuse, irreg-

ular; marginal line of lunules as on primaries, but broken; fringe

checkered. Beneath much as above, maculation reflected. Expands

35 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 5206, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Fly Peak,

Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, 9000-9300 feet,

July 30, 1927. Two female paratypes, same locality, July 28,

1927, all collected by Mr. J. A. Kusche, and all in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences.

Lygris pulcherrima Guedet, new species

Palpi long. Antennae of male bipectinate. Hind tibiae with all

spurs. Thorax with dorsal tuft posteriorly. Abdomen smooth.

Primaries with basal area chocolate-brown, irrorate with lavender ;

ante-median line faint, lavender, bent out below costa, then

slightly outwardly oblique, broken, with sharp outward tooth just

before inner margin; median area darker brown, well defined;

discal spot plain, lavender; post-median line white, with three

large irregular teeth projecting outwardly; the first very sharp,

the second angular with rounded point, the third well rounded,

the general direction slightly outwardly oblique; beyond the first

tooth with a small brown cloud, and beyond the second tooth with

a larger brown cloud, both limited by a crenulate, irregular, sub-

terminal white line; outer area whitish lavender, sprinkled with

brownish blotches; fringes checkered with brown at vein ends.

Secondaries orange in color on upper two-thirds; costa faintly

marked with whitish; lower one-third whitish-lavender, sprinkled

with brownish specks and dashes; without ante-median line; discal

spot faint; post-median line faint, crenulate, irregular, narrowly

shaded outwardly with lavender near anal angle; outer margin

slightly crenulate; fringe whitish. Beneath primaries yellowish-

white, veins marked with yellowish; without ante-median line;

discal spot faint, blackish; post-median line well-marked, blackish,

irregular; outer area lighter with large subapical blotch cut by

veins; fringe checkered. Secondaries brownish-yellow on upper

two-thirds; discal spot black; post-median line black, broad, promi-

nent, disappearing before reaching inner margin, followed by a

light shade; outer area soft chocolate-brown. Expands 31 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 5205, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., Cave Creek,

Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, July 4, 1930, J. O. Martin col-

lector.

OCT., 1941]

193

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII*

Acmseodera bivulnera, 63.

fisheri, 64.

hulli, 63.

inyoensis, 64.

jaguarina, 62.

pinalorum, 63.

purshiae, 64.

rossi, 65.

sabinae, 62.

state lists, 66.

vulturei, 63.

yumae, 64.

Aedes purpureipes, 82.

varipalpus, 69.

Aitken, T. H. G.

New subgenus and species of

Aedes, 81.

Supella supellectilium, 22.

Allognosta sinensis, 15.

Amphidasis multidentata, 191.

Andrena complexa, 95.

pallidiscopa, 95.

Anthophora linsleyi, 34.

Ants, 23.

Aphaenogaster s. borealis, 24.

s. occidentalis, 24.

s. valida manni, 24.

Aphididae, 59, 182.

Aphis cerasifoliae, 59.

helianti, 59.

lutescens, 59.

medicaginis, 59.

rumicus, 59.

varians, 59.

Apoidea, 34.

Aradidae, 169.

Argyropile, 167.

Asilidae, 78.

Barr, W. F.

Distribution of Acmaeodera, 62

Beridinae, 14.

Blaisdell, F. E.

New Eleodes from Arizona, 37.

New Eleodes from Oregon, 156.

Blapylis (Subg. of Eleodes) ,157.

Blatchley, W. S., obituary, 84.

Bohart, G. E.

Collecting in Mexico, 96.

Conopid oviposition, 95.

Physocephala Review, 141.

Bohart, R. M.

Yellow jackets, 58.

Bolbadea leabrusa, 49.

Bolbodera scabrosa, 49.

Book notices

Comstock, Spider Book, 36.

Comstock, Intr. to Ent., 36.

Brachymyrmex h. depilis, 25.

Brookman, B.

A new Stenopogon, 78.

Bruchidae, 189.

Bruch us julianus, 189.

knulli, 189.

major, 189.

Buprestidae, 62.

Callotriatoma cubana, 49.

Camponotus caryae, 28.

h. 1. novaeboracensis, 28.

h. modoc, 28.

h. pennsylvanicus, 28.

h. p. whymperi, 28.

laevigatus, 27.

m. maccooki, 28.

m. vicinus, 27.

m. v. luteangulis, 28.

m. v. nitidiventris, 27.

m. v. plorabilis, 28.

Cantharidae, 126.

Cantharis bilobatus, 128.

carolinus, 126.

Capitophorus potentillae, 59.

rosarum, 59.

xanthii, 59.

Carpelan, L. H.

Pine beetle predators, 153.

Carrier, Amos, diary, 100.

Cerambycidae, 29.

Chagas’ disease, 85, 115.

Chamberlin, R. V.

New Chilopods from Mexico,

184.

Chelonocoris, 169.

Chelonoderus stylatus, 179.

Chelostomoides, 166.

Chilopoda, 184.

Chloromyia melampogon, 16.

Cinara engelmenniensis, 59.

Cleridae, 153.

Clitellariinae, 20.

Cockroach, 22.

Coleoptera, 29, 62, 74, 126, 129,

133, 145, 156, 189.

Culex quinquefasciatus, 70.

Culicidae, 28, 69, 81.

Curculionidae, 74.

Cysteochile aspera, 160.

Delomegachile, 165.

Diconocoris javanus, 160.

Diptera, 14, 28, 69, 78, 81, 95,

141.

* New names in bold face type, synonyms in italics.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Dolichoderinae, 25.

Drake, C. J.

New American Tingitidae, 139.

Drake, C. J. and M. E. Poor

Tingitidae from Amboina, 160.

Drews, E. A.

Aphididae of Nevada, 59.

Dytiscidae, 129.

Edwards, F. W., obituary, 84.

Ehrhorn, E. M., obituary, 84.

Eisen, G. A., obituary, 84.

Elateridae, 133.

Eleodes halli, 37.

oregona, 157.

Enoclerus sphegeus, 156.

Emydocoris testudinatus, 176.

Entomologist’s Daily Post Card,

73.

Epameibaphis utahensis, 59.

Ephippium bergeri, 20.

obtusum, 21.

Essig, E. O.

C. W. Woodworth, obituary, 30.

U. C. Ent. Soc. and Ent. Daily

Post Card, 73.

Walsingham Itinerary, 97.

A new California Myzus, 182.

Evaza japonica, 21.

Fall, H. C. Memorial Publica-

tion Fund, 33.

Fender, Dorothy

Notes on Cantharis, 126.

Formica cinerea lepida, 27.

fusca, 26.

f. argentea, 26.

f . blanda, 27.

f. gelida, 26.

f . lutescens, 27.

f. marcida, 26.

f . neoclara, 27.

f. neorufibarbis, 26.

f. pruinosa, 27.

f. subasnescens, 26.

f. subsericea, 26.

manni, 25.

microgyna rasilis, 26.

moki xerophila, 27.

neogagates, 27.

n. lasioides vetula, 27.

oreas comptula, 26.

pallide-fulva schaufussi, 27.

rufa obscuripes, 26.

r. o. melanotica, 26.

rufibarbis occidua, 27.

sanguinea puberula, 25.

s. subintegra, 25.

s. subnuda, 25.

subpolita, 27.

s. camponoticeps, 27.

s. picea, 27.

truncicola integra, 26.

t. integroides, 26.

t. i. haemorrhoidalis, 26.

t. i. subclaviceps, 26.

Formicidae, 23.

Formicinae, 25.

Geometridae, 190.

Geophilida, 185.

Geosarginae, 15.

Geosargus jankowskii, 15.

mandarinus, 15.

metallinus, 15.

splendens, 15.

vandykei, 15.

Gillette, C. P., obituary, 84.

Guedet, Edward

Geometrid notes and new

species, 190.

Hemiptera, 49, 85, 115, 139, 160,

169.

Henshaw, S., obituary, 84.

Homoptera,, 59, 182.

Hoplacantha japonica, 14.

solox, 15.

Hoplandrothrips, 31.

Hoplodonta viridula, 19.

Hopping, Ralph

A new Xylotrechus, 29.

Hydriomena, a. beldenae, 191.

Hydroporus bidessoides, 130.

rossi, 129.

terminalis, 131.

Hymenoptera, 1, 23, 34, 58, 59,

95, 119, 165.

Ichneumonidae, 1.

Iridiomyrmex analis, 25.

James, M. T.

Stratiomyidas from Palearctic

Asia, 14.

Kompia (subg. of Aedes), 81.

Labrobius major, 187.

Lane, M. C.

New species of Elateridae, 133.

Lasius brevicornis, 25.

claviger, 25.

interjectus, 25.

latipes, 25.

niger americanus, 25.

n. neoniger, 25.

n. sitkaensis, 25.

Leech, H. B.

Two new Hydroporus, 129.

Leng, C. W. obituary, 84.

Lepidoptera, 190.

oct., 1941]

INDEX

195

Leptothorax a. canadensis, 24.

a. c. yankee, 24.

curvispinosus rugatulus, 24.

diversipilosis, 25.

eldoradensis, 25.

melanderi, 25.

nitens occidentalis, 24.

Leptoypha nubilis, 141.

Limonius humidus, 137.

lanchesteri, 135.

rufihumeralis, 133.

Linsley, E. G.

H. C. Fall Memorial Publica-

tion Fund, 33.

Descriptions of Pleocoma, 145.

Lithobiida, 187.

Litomegachile, 168.

Mansfield, G. S.

California Lepidoptera, 113.

Mansonia perturbans, 28.

Magachile intersexes, 165.

angelorum, 166.

curvipes, 166.

onobrychidis, 168.

parallela, 167.

vidua, 165.

MegachilidaB, 119, 165.

Melaneleodes, 37.

Mesoleuca g. bakeri, 191.

Metopius, 1.

Subg. Peltocarus, 2.

Subg. Ceratopius, 2.

Subg. Clemontia, 2.

Key to central and south

Chinese species, 3.

croceicornis, 2.

dissectorius, 2.

gressitti, 9.

metallicus, 7.

micratorius, 2.

quadrifasciatus, 3.

rufus browni, 11.

uchidai, 11.

vandykei, 6.

vespoides, 2.

Mexico, Winter collecting, 96.

Mexicobius vistanus, 187.

Michener, C. D.

Chinese Metopius, 1.

The genus Trachusa, 119.

Microchrysa laodunensis, 16.

Mitchell, T. B.

Megachile intersexes, 165.

Monomorium pharaonis, 23.

Mosquitoes, 28, 69, 81.

Mucrotrichaphis toti, 59.

Myopa rubida, 95.

Myrmica mutica, 24.

rubra brevinodis, 24.

r. b. subalpina, 24.

r. b. sulcinodoides, 24.

scabrinodis sabuleti, 24.

Myrmicinae, 23.

Myzus humboldti, 182.

Nemoria mentastii, 190.

Nemotelus argentifer, 20.

Nevadaphis sampsoni, 60.

Notoplocoris montei, 170.

Nuevobius cavicolens, 188.

Nuevona leonensis, 185.

Obituary

Blatchley, W. S., 84.

Edwards, F. W., 84.

Ehrhorn, E. M., 84.

Eisen, G. A., 84.

Gillette, C. P., 84.

Henshaw, S., 84.

Leng, C. W., 84.

Sandhouse, G. A., 84.

Stiles, C. W., 84.

Woodworth, C. W., 30.

Odontomyia atrodorsalis, 20.

staurophora, 19.

Orotingis muiri, 161.

Orthopodomyia alba, 69.

signifera, 69.

Ostomatidae, 153.

Pachygastrinas, 21.

Pacific Coast Entomological So-

ciety, Proceedings, 40.

List of Members, 46.

Paratriatoma hirsuta, 115.

Periphyllus utahensis, 59.

Pheidole c. oregonica, 24.

Phloeothripidae, 31.

Phloeothrips sycamorensis, 31.

Phorodon menthaa, 59.

Physocephala affinis, 142.

aurifacies, 142.

brevicornis, 144.

buccalis, 142.

burgessi, 144.

humeralis, 142.

h. simulans, 142.

rubida, 142.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVII, NO. 4

Pleocoma australis, 152.

behrensii, 152.

blaisdelli, 149.

carinata, 151.

conj ungens, 145.

dubitalis, 151.

edwardsii, 150.

hirsuta, 146.

hirticollis vandykei, 150.

hoppingi, 150.

lucia, 145.

nitida, 147.

puncticollis, 152.

shastensis, 151.

Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, 24.

Polycricus nuevus, 186.

Polyergus r. breviceps, 27.

Ponerinae, 23.

Pseudocentron, 166.

Ptecticus aurifer, 16.

tenebrifer, 16.

Reduviidae, 49, 85, 115.

Reeves, W. C.

The Culicid genus Manso-

nia, 28.

Orthopodomyia in Calif., 69.

Sandhouse, G. A., obituary, 84.

Scarabaeidae, 145.

Schizolachnus pini-radiata, 59.

Scolopendra michoacana, 184.

Scolopendrida, 184.

Smith, Falconer

Ants of Washington State, 23.

Solenopsis geminata, 23.

molest a, 23.

m. validiuscula, 24.

Stahler, Nathan

Phlceothrips sycamorensis, 31.

Collecting in Mexico, 96.

Stenamma brevicorne, 24.

b. diecki, 24.

nearcticum, 24.

Stenopogon cazieri, 78.

Stephanitis amboinae, 163.

astralis, 164.

Stigmatomma p. oregonense, 23.

Stiles, C. W., obituary, 84.

Stratiomyidae, 14.

Stratiomyinae, 17.

Stratiomys annectens, 18.

anubis, 17.

hispanica planes, 18.

lindneri, 17.

r. pyrrhocera, 17.

Struble, G. R.

Pine beetle predators, 153.

Supella supellectilium, 22.

Tapinoma sessile, 25.

Teleonemia huachucae, 140.

lutzi, 139.

schwarzi, 141.

Temnochila virescens, 154.

Tenebrionidae, 156.

Thysanoptera, 31.

Tilden, J. W.

California Lepidoptera, 113.

Timberlake, P. H.

A new Anthophora, 34.

Tingitidae, 139, 160.

Trachusa byssina, 120.

manni, 121.

perdita, 122.

Triatoma capitata, 52.

dimidiata, 50.

gerstaeckeri, 93.

hegneri, 51.

heidemanni, 93.

indictiva, 94.

longipennis, 54.

longipes, 92.

maculipennis, 51.

mazzottii, 54.

pallidipennis, 54.

phyllosoma, 54.

picturata, 54.

protracta, 87.

p. woodi, 89.

rubida, 90.

sanguisuga, 94.

Triatominae, 49.

Trigonopterus carolineae, 74.

University of California Ento-

mological Society, 73.

Usinger, R. L.

Book notices, 36.

Neotropical Triatominae, 49.

Obituary notes, 84.

Apterous Aradidae, 169.

Vespidae, 58.

Walsingham Itinerary, 97.

Diary, 100.

White, B. E.

New species of Bruchus, 189.

Wood, S. F.

Reduviid vectors of Chagas’

Disease, 85, 115.

Woodworth, C. W., obituary, 30.

Xylotrechus robustus, 29.

Zimmerman, E. C.

Trigonopterus, 74.

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME SEVENTEEN

194 1

R. L. USINGER, Editor

E. C. VAN DYKE, Associate Editor

E. S. ROSS, Assistant Editor

E. R. LEACH, Treasurer

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

1941

1942

1943

C. D. Duncan

H. H. Keifer

G. F. Ferris

E. O. Essig, Chairman

E. G. Linsley

F. E. Blaisdell

San Francisco, California

1941

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVII

Aitken, T. H. G.

Additional Records of the cockroach, Supella supellecti-

lium (Serv.), in California 22

A new American subgenus and species of Aedes 81

Barr, W. F.

Distributional notes and new records of Acmaeodera 62

Blaisdell, F. E., Sr.

A new species of Eleodes from northeastern Arizona 37

A new species of Eleodes from Oregon, belonging to the

subgenus Blapylis 156

Bohart, G. E.

The oviposition of Conopid flies upon smaller Andrenid

bees 95

A review of the genus Physocephala of the western United

States 141

Bohart, G. E. and Nathan Stahler

Winter insect collecting in Mexico 96

Bohart, R. M.

Yellowjackets versus campers 58

Brookman, Bernard

A new Californian Stenopogon 78

Chamberlin, R. V.

New Chilopods from Mexico 184

Drake, C. J.

Three new American Tingitidae 139

Drake, C. J. and M. E. Poor

Tingitidae from Amboina Island 160

Drews, E. A.

Aphididae of Nevada with a new genus and species 59

Essig, E. 0.

Charles William Woodworth 30

The University of California Entomological Society and

the Entomologist’s Daily Post Card 73

Itinerary of Lord Walsingham in California and Oregon,

1871-1872 97

A new species of Myzus from Humboldt County, Califor-

nia 182

Ill

Fender, Dorothy

Notes on Cantharis 126

Guedet, Edward

Geometrid notes and new species 190

Hopping, Ralph

A new species of Xylotrechus 29

Janies, M. T.

New species and records of Stratiomyidae from Palearctic

Asia 14

Lane, M. C.

Three new Elateridae from the Pacific Northwest 133

Leech, H. B.

Descriptions of two new species of water beetles of the

genus Hydroporus from California 129

Linsley, E. G.

The Henry Clinton Fall Memorial Publication Fund 33

Additional observations and descriptions of some species

of Pleocoma 145

Michener, C. D.

Notes on the subgenera of Metopius with a synopsis of

the species of central and southern China 1

A synopsis of the genus Trachusa with notes on the nest-

ing habits of T. perdita 119

Mitchell, T. B.

Some additional intersexes in Megachile 165

Pacific Coast Entomological Society Proceedings 40

List of members 46

Reeves, W. C.

The mosquito genus Mansonia Blanchard in California.... 28

The genus Orthopodomyia Theobald in California 69

Smith, Falconer

A list of the ants of Washington State 23

Stahler, Nathan

The life history of Phlceothrips (Hoplandrothrips) syca-

morensis (Mason) 31

Struble, G. R. and L. H. Carpelan

External sex characters of two important native predators

of the mountain pine beetle in sugar pine 153

Tilden, J. W. and G. S. Mansfield

Some observations and captures of California Lepidoptera 113

Timberlake, P. H.

A new species of Anthophora from California 34

Usinger, R. L.

Book notices 36

Notes and descriptions of Neotropical Triatominae 49

Obituary 84

Three new genera of apterous Aradidae 169

White, B. E.

A new species of Bruchus with notes on Bruchus major

Fall and julianus Horn 189

Wood, S. F.

Notes on the distribution and habits of Reduviid vectors of

Chagas’ disease in the southwestern United States.... 85, 115

Zimmerman, E. C.

Trigonopterus in the Caroline Islands 74

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31, 1941; No. 4, November 7, 1941.

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