VoLI

JULY, 1924

No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society '

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CYCHRINI FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA 1

COLE, NOTES ON THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY ASILIDJE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES 7

MALLOCH, TWO NEW CORDYLURID FLIES FROM THE PAaFIC COAST . . .14

BLAISDELL, NEW MELYRIDS FROM CALIFORNIA, III IS

VAN DUZEE, TWO CHERMID.® FROM CALIFORNIA 22

FERRIS, THE NYMPHS OF TWO SPECTES OF CHERMID® 24

EMERTON, NEW CALIFORNIA SPIDERS 29

CHAMBERLIN, THE CHEIRIDIIN® OF NORTH AMERICA 32

DUNCAN, DOLICHOVESPULA DIABOLICA SAUSS. AND ITS SUPPOSED VARIETY

FERNALDI LEWIS 40

DUNCAN, SPIRACLES AS SOUND PRODUCING ORGANS 42

VAN DUZEE, A NEW WESTERN DOLICHOPODID 43

ESSIG, ECONOMIC NOTES 45

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT 46

PERSONALS 47

San Francisco, California

1924

THE PAN'PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pari'Pacific Entomologist

Vol. I, No. 1.

July, 1924

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CYCHRINI

(CARABID^-COLEOPTERA) FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California

Scaphinotus elevatus neomexicanus Van Dyke,

new subspecies.

This subspecies differs from the typical elevatus by being of

a deep violet black color ; by being proportionately narrower ;

the prothorax smaller, less than two-thirds as long at the middle

as broad, with a broad somewhat convex and cordate disc, the

lateral wings abruptly elevated from the sides, not gradually as

in the other, but little arched and with the margin almost equally

thickened throughout ; the elytra with the margins only moder-

ately explanate in the humeral region and rather narrow else-

where, the disc broadly convex and quite flattened at the middle,

and the striie deep and closety crenulately punctured. When

viewed from behind, the contrast in outline between this and the

typical form is most marked. Length 19 mm., breadth 8.5 mm.

Type, female in my collection, collected at Cloudcroft, Sac-

ramento Mountains, New Mexico, altitude 8000 feet, July 5,

1917, by Professor W. M. Wheeler and by him kindly presented

to me.

In color, this insect is much like the subspecies tenebricosus

Roesch., but in appearance and structure shows a closer ap-

proach to Scaphinotus mexicanus Bates. To neither Scaphi-

notus snowi Leconte nor Scaphinotus kelloggi Dury, both of

which are also from New Mexico, does this form show any

close relationship. So very distinct, indeed, does it appear that

one might consider it entitled to specific standing. In view of

the known variability of Scaphinotus elevatus Fab. and because

of the belief that certain other varieties approach it, I think that

it is best to place it as I have done.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. I, NO. 1

Scaphinotus catalinae Van Dyke, new species.

Elliptical in shape, moderately flattened ; black with upper surface a

dull violet. Head narrow and moderately elongate, twice as long as

broad, one-half breadth of prothorax, supraorbital setae prominent; eyes

moderately prominent; antennae reaching middle of body, apical half of

fourth joint finely pilose; gular setae present. Prothorax two-fifths as

long at middle as broad at widest point; apex emarginate; base with

middle third transverse and outer portions projecting obliquely back-

wards and upwards ; sides moderately explanate and elevated in front,

gradually increasing in both width and elevation posteriorly and ending

in a broad, posteriorly directed wing, which is but little elevated above

the disc; lateral margin thickened, broadly arcuate in front and oblique,

straight and convergent posteriori}^, the lateral setigerous puncture at

the middle and slightly within the margin ; the disc moderately con-

vex, with median longitudinal line distinctly impressed, rather finely

strigulose anteriorly, coarsely, irregularly and sparsely punctate pos-

teriorly. Elytra over three times as long as the prothorax at its middle,

seven-tenths as broad as long ; elliptical, humeral area broadly rounded ;

margin broad at humeri and of moderate width elsewhere; the disc

fairly convex; striae fourteen in number, distinctly impressed, irregular

at sides and towards apex and rather coarsely closely punctured. Beneath

coarsely, sparsely punctured at sides, with two anal setae on each side,

the posterior coxal plates with the posterior setae present and the

anterior absent. Length 14 mm., breadth 7 mm.

Male with first three tarsal joints of anterior legs broadly dilated and

entirely papillose beneath.

Type, male in my collection, secured near the top of Mt.

Lemon, Catalina Mountains, Arizona, July, 1912. Allotype

female and one paratype male and paratype female are also in

my collection and other paratypes are in the collection of Cor-

nell University and the California Academy of Sciences.

This insect differs from its closest relative, Scaphinotus van-

dykei Roesch., by being less shining; by having the prothorax

narrower, with the lateral wings both narrower and less ele-

vated, the punctuation of the disc sparser and more confined to

the posterior half ; the elytra more elliptical, the humeral area

more evenly rounded, the sides less parallel, and the striae

definitely defined. Scaphinotus roeschkei Van Dyke somewhat

approaches this species particularly as regards the elytra but

it has a flatter, less winged and more densely uniformly punc-

tured prothorax. In the table given by Dr. Roeschke^, catalincc

should be placed between roeschkei and vandykei.

1 “Monographic der Carabiden — Tribus Cychrini,” by Dr. med. Hans Roeschke,

Anns. Mus. Nat. Hungaric, V (1907).

JULY, 1924]

VAN DYKE NEW CYCHRINI

Scaphinotus johnsoni Van Dyke, new species.

Black, subopaque, head and prothorax slightly aeneous, elytra choco-

late brown with margins a metallic green. Head slightly less than twice

as long as broad, front convex and somewhat irregular anteriorly, gense

distinct and obtusely notched in front of the eyes, the eyes moderately

prominent. Prothorax distinctly broader than long, slightly more than

one-half as broad as elytra, apex shallowly emarginate and narrowly

margined, sides broadly rounded in front, thence almost straight and

converging to near base and from there parallel to posterior angles, the

side margins narrow and refiexed, broader in front, the disc almost flat

and finely wrinkled, the anterior and posterior transverse and median

longitudinal impressions distinct though shallow. Elytra seven-tenths as

broad as long, elliptical, slightly convex, margin moderate and mod-

erately reflexed, disc with nineteen striae, the third, sixth, ninth and

twelfth somewhat interrupted and formed by the more or less complete

coalescence of elongate punctures in the center of previously broad

intervals, the striae between the above regular, the thirteenth to the

nineteenth irregular, strial punctures barely discernible, the intervals

convex, the inner continuous, the outermost irregular and catenulate in

places. Beneath moderately smooth, posterior coxal plates with both

basal and subapical setigerous punctures. Length 18 mm., breadth 6 mm.

Type, a unique female with right anterior leg and most of

antennae lacking. It was collected in the Olympic Mountains of

Washington by Professor Meany of the University of Washing-

ton and given to the late Professor O. B. Johnson, who very

kindly presented it to me.

This very interesting species is a member of the subgenus

Brennus, the second species to be recorded from the State of

Washington, all others of that subgenus heretofore secured

from that state being referable to Scaphinotus marginatus

Fisch. It differs from all phases of this last-mentioned species

not only by being quite subopaque but by having a peculiar type

of elytral sculpture. It has at least five more elytral striae, every

third one formed by the extension and confluence of the punc-

tures of the former broad intervals ; has more regular median

striae and lacks the definite strial punctures which in the other

so often produce a crenulation or interruption of the intervals.

Scaphinotus subtilis bullatus Van Dyke, new subspecies

This subspecies differs from the typical subtilis by being very

much larger and more subopaque ; by having the sides of pro-

thorax posterior to the most dilated portion, almost straight and

convergent posteriorly; the elytra quite bullous and with both

striae and punctures very fine, the striae hardly perceptible in

some specimens. Male, length 23 mm., breadth 10 mm. ; female,

length 26 mm., breadth 12 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

Male with tarsal joints of anterior legs long and but little

dilated, the first with an elliptical papillose area at apical third

beneath and the second with an elliptical papillose area occupy-

ing the median three-fourths beneath, the following joints with-

out papillae.

Type, male, and female allotype in my collection, taken by

myself at the mouth of Roaring River, South Fork of Kings

River Canon, Fresno County, California, altitude 5000 feet,

June 4, 1910. Several paratypes collected at the same time and

place are also in my collection.

Scaphinotus subtilis grandis Van Dyke, new subspecies

Similar to the preceding in size and general opaqueness but

having the elytra proportionately broader and with the striae

poorly defined, the punctures, however, very distinct and more

or less arranged in rows which average 24, or double the num-

ber found in the typical form, due to rows of punctures being

developed in the intervals as well as in the striae. In the larger

females there is a tendency for the striae to completely disappear

and for the punctures to lose their regular arrangement, par-

ticularly laterally. Male, length 23 mm., breadth 1 1 mm. ;

female 26 mm., breadth 13 mm.

Male with tarsal joints elongate but slightly more robust than

in preceding subspecies, but with the first and second joints of

anterior pair of legs papillose as in that.

Type, male, and allotype, female, in my collection, collected by

Mr. Ralph Hopping and by him kindly presented to me. The

specimens were captured at Cedar Creek, Tulare County, Cali-

fornia, June 10-20, 1905. Several other specimens, paratypes,

agreeing with the above are in Mr. Hopping’s collection. A

number of specimens of the same size as the typical subtilis but

with the evident sculpturing of grandis, smaller phases of the

same in fact, are also in the collection of Mr. Hopping and

myself.

Scaphinotus subtilis Schaum is undoubtedly an offshoot of

Scaphinotus striatopunctatus Chaud., the latter restricted to the

coastal area of middle California, the former ranging along the

western flanks of the Southern Sierras. The typical subtilis is

the somewhat depauperized phase which dwells in the warmer

and less humid foothill region, bidlatus and grandis phases

which have worker higher and farther into the mountains.

Grandis shows the closest approach to the parent stock, striato-

punctatus.

JULY, 1924]

VAN DYKE NEW CYCHRINI

Scaphinotus longiceps V an Dyke, new species

Elongate, head very much lengthened, antennae and legs of moderate

length, black, shining, the elytra with a faint purplish color in good

light. Head narrow, cylindrical, three times as long as broad, one-fourth

longer than prothorax and one-half its width, portion back of eyes two-

fifths entire length of head; genae moderately prominent, front with

medial longitudinal convex area and two deep lateral sulci, vertex and

occiput shallowly transversely wrinkled; eyes rather small and almost

flat; antennae reaching beyond middle of body, the scape not reaching

posterior margin of eyes. Prothorax slightly shorter than broad, one-

half width of elytra, apex slightly lobed at middle and finely marginated,

anterior angles somewhat projecting and obtusely pointed, side margins

finely and evenly margined, fairly straight and diverging backwards for

first fourth, thence rounded and convergent until near base where

suddenly sinuate, the hind angles prominent, acute and with rounded

apices, the propleurae plainly observed from above; disc with anterior

and posterior transverse impressions well defined, median longitudinal

impression deep, the area on either side very convex and quite smooth.

Elytra with breadth somewhat more than two-thirds of length (8 mm.

to 11 mm.), elongate oval, fairly convex, rather finely and evenly

margined, the disc with fourteen deep and finely punctate striae on each

elytron, the intervals convex and with an area of broken and contorted

lines between fourteenth striae and lateral margin. Beneath moderately

smooth, posterior coxal plates with both basal and subapical setigerous

punctures. Length 19 mm., breadth 8 mm.

Male with terminal palpal joints narrowly securiform; the first three

tarsal joints of front pair of legs not perceptibly dilated, the first with

a few squamae at the extreme apex and the second and third with a small

squamose area on the apical half.

Type, a unique male collected in the interior of Humboldt

County, California, May 15, 1901, by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher,

and now in my collection.

This remarkable species belongs in the subgenue N eocychrus

of Roeschke, in association with Scaphinotus angulatus Harris

and Scaphinotus behrensi Roeschke. It differs from the other

two species, and in fact from all the Cychrini, in having a very

long, narrow and cylindrical head, three times as long as broad.

It also has a much smaller prothorax than either of the two

species associated with it.

Scaphinotus angulatus maritimus Van Dyke, new subspecies

This subspecies differs from the true angulatus in being jet

black, with but the faintest tint of purple, the true species being

of a brilliant copper color.

Type female in my collection, collected by myself in the for-

ests near Port Angeles, Washington, May 25, 1907. Two other

specimens, paratypes, collected by Mr. Joseph Slevin at Mel-

bourne, Wash., July 29, 1911, and Olympic National Forest,

August 3, 1911, are in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

The following table will separate the members of the sub-

genus Neocychrus Roeschke :

Head but twice as long as broad, front more or less cristate, prothorax

moderately large.

Each elytron with fourteen complete, regular, deep and finely punc-

tured striae, the anterior part of lateral margin of prothorax

slightly crenate.

Entire upper surface a metallic purple angulatus Harris.

Entire insect black ang'datus maritimus new subspecies.

Each elytron with from seventeen to twenty shallow, moderately

deeply punctured crenulate and more or less interrupted

striae, the anterior part of lateral margin of prothorax dis-

tinctly crenate, black with eb'tra tinged with purple

hehrensi Roeschke.

Head three times as long as broad, front convex, not cristate, prothorax

small, glossy black longiceps new species.

Scaphinotus angulatus Harris in its more typical or metallic

phase is found in western Britisli Columbia including Van-

couver Island, the Puget Sound basin of Washington and the

Willamette Valley of Oregon. The black phase, maritimus, has

been found at Port Angeles, Washington, and in the wet belt

west of the Olympic Mountains and Coast Range of Washing-

ton as at Hoquiam and Lake Quiaault. Scaphinotus hehrensi

Roeschke lives in the coastal area from Myrtle Point, Oregon,

to northern Sonoma County, California. The third species,

Scaphinotus longiceps new species, has been found so far only

in the interior of Humboldt County, California.

Onthophilus lecontei Horn. In Zoe, Vol. HI, 1893, p. 4, I

reported this species, under the name of Tribalister marginellus

Lee., in my list of the “Histeridae Observed in San Diego Coun-

ty.” This error arose from the fact that a number of the species

collected at that time were wrongly identified for me. At

Poway, where I took my specimens, the species appears to be

very rare. They were taken at an elevation of 700 feet, under

stones in damp places. More recently the species was taken at

Salada Beach, San Mateo County, by the late L. R. Reynolds,

but under what conditions was not stated. The latter specimen

shows some sculptural differences from those taken in San

Diego County. The type locality is Fort Tejon, the species

being described by Dr. Horn from a single specimen, so the

Salada Beach record extends the area of distribution consider-

ably.

Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr.

JULY, 1924 ]

COLE NOTES ON ASILID^

NOTES ON THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY ASILID^,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

BY FRANK R. COLE

Redlands, California

Recent papers by Melander and Curran on robberflies o£ the

subfamily Dasypogoninse have added greatly to our knowledge

of certain genera. There is a wealth of undescribed material

in the western United States. A study of the Asilidae in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences has revealed

a number of interesting new forms, some of which are de-

scribed in this paper. In some genera the hypopygium is

inverted, as in Lasiopogon, the actual tergal portion (the

epandrium) being sternal in position.

Lasiopogon actius Melander. I have one specimen of this

species, taken at Rockaway, Oregon, August 19, 1919 (M. M.

Reeher). The type locality is the sea beach near Seaview,

Washington.

Lasiopogon fumipennis Melander. Among the specimens

studied there are two females from Horse Lake, Oregon, alti-

tude 6000 feet, taken by J. C. Bridwell, July 25, 1909; one

female, taken by the writer at Hood River, Oregon, July 2,

1917. Melander had only females, and as the male is worthy

of description some notes are given below and one specimen is

made a neallotype.

Male. Length 5-6 mm. Very nearly like the female, but

differs in the generally lighter color of pollen and the paler

wings. Head more gray pollinose than brown. The male gen-

italia are remarkable, being broader than the abdomen and

shining, dark red in color, with the usual patch of pile on the

ninth sternite black in color; the genital styles are rounded

and bulging (see fig. 1).

Neallotype, male. No. 1574, in collection of California Acad-

emy of Sciences, taken July 1, 1919, by C. L. Fox.

The specimen designated was taken in the type locality. Para-

dise Valley, Mt. Rainier, Washington, 8,000 feet elevation.

Lasiopogon aldrichii Melander seems to be quite common on

Moscow Mount, Idaho. On June 23, 1919, 1 was one of a party,

with Dr. Aldrich and Dr. Melander, that ransacked this locality

for Diptera. I collected 18 specimens of this interesting species

on that occasion.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

Lasiopogon monticola Melander. I took a male of this species

on Moscow Mount on the same day the above species was col-

lected, and have a specimen taken at Horse Lake, Oregon, July

25, 1909, by J. C. Bridwell. In the California Academy col-

lection there are specimens of both sexes taken in Paradise V al-

ley, Mt. Rainier, Washington, on July 1, 1919 (C. L. Fox) and

July 25, 1920 (E. C. Van Dyke) .

Lasiopogon arenicola Osten Sacken, of which I have a para-

type, was taken on the sand dunes near San Francisco. The

species is still quite common in the type locality, but like other

species, apparently quite local, will disappear with the spread-

ing of the city over this interesting faunal area.

Lasiopogon littoris Cole, new species

Male. Length 5.5 mm. A small, black, silvery gray pollinose species,

with pile and bristles all white. Antennae black, rather unusual in shape

(see fig. 2), the arista slightly longer than the third joint, pile beneath

the first and second joints white. Facial convexity reaching almost to

the antennae, the mystax long and white. Head whitish gray pollinose,

the frons, occiput, and beard white pilose. Palpi very small, black, with-

out long pile.

Thorax and scutellum silvery white pollinose, with scant white pile

and white bristles. No vittae on mesonotum. Disc of scutellum flattened.

Halteres yellowish white, the base of stem brownish.

Abdomen silvery gray pollinose and sparsely white pilose, the bases

of second to fifth tergites semishining black, appearing more definite from

certain angles. Genitalia black, gray pollinose and white pilose, with a

characteristic fringe of dense white pile on the hypandrium; the tergal

styles (surstyli) very large, rounded at the ends, but with a sharp angle

below (see fig. 3). Legs black, gray pollinose, with white pile and

bristles. Wings hyaline.

Holotype, male. No. 1575, in collection of California Acad-

emy of Sciences, taken April 25, 1919, by E. P. Van Duzee.

Type locality, Pismo, California.

The species is described from an unique male. It is a very

distinct form. In a recent table of species published by Melan-

der (Psyche, Oct., 1923) it would run to couplet 4, but is quite

different from actins and arenicola. The antennal structure is

suggestive of the genus Lissoteles, but the face aqd genitalia are

typical of Lasiopogon.

Holopogon atrifrons Cole, new species

Male and female. Length 5-6.5 mm. Very nearly allied to guttula

and phoenotatus and. keying to these species in Back’s table. Male with

noticeably narrowed frons and face, both dull black in color; in the

female the face and frons thinly gray pollinose. Antennal style about

three-fourths as long as the third joint. Pile of head, mesonotum, and

scutellum wholly black, longer and more abundant in male, especially

on the face. Both sexes have some white pile on the wholly black legs.

JULY, 1924]

COLE NOTES ON ASILID^

Holotype, male, No. 1576, and allotype, female. No. 1577, in

collection of California Academy of Sciences, taken July 16,

1920, by F. R. Cole.

Type locality. Mill Creek Canyon, San Bernardino County,

California.

There are several paratypes, taken with the types. Some of

these specimens have the extreme bases of the tibiae reddish. H.

tibialis Curran has longer pile, the inner side of the front tibiae

short, dense, yellow pilose, etc.

Melander’s recently published table of species for the genus

Dioctria is a very good one, although it may be a little difficult

to place females of some of the species. I have found Dioctria

nitida Williston to be the commonest species in Oregon and

California. Dioctria vertehrata Cole may prove to be a variety

of pusio Coquillett; I have both forms from California, but no

males of vertehrata. Dioctria rubida Coquillett may occasion-

ally be taken in Mill Creek Canyon, San Bernardino County,

California, in late summer.

There is a male of Dioctria doanei Melander in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences, swept from Ceanothus,

near summit of Mt. Wilson, California, June 6, 1916, by Harold

Morrison. I have two females of Dioctria sackeni rivalis

Melander, taken at Dodson, Oregon, July 8, 1923, by C. D.

Duncan ; taken with these is a pair in copula, the male a typical

sackeni, with the femora largely yellow.

In the collection of the California Academy of Sciences there

is a female of Cophura pulchella Williston, taken on Mt. Tim-

panogos, Utah, July 8, 1922 (E. P. Van Duzee), also a female

of Cophura trunca Coquillett, taken in Mill Creek Canyon, San

Bernardino County, California, September 22, 1923 (E. P. Van

Duzee).

The type series of Metapogon setiger Cole was taken at Dee,

Oregon, in the upper Hood River Valley. Melander records the

species from Washington, Idaho, and California. A pair of this

species was sent to Dr. Mario Bezzi, who states that ilf. setiger

and M. pictus Cole (a typical Metapogon) are certainly not

congeneric. I leave it to the monographer to erect a new genus

for setiger.

Dicolonus sparsipilosum Back was described from two males

taken at Bozeman, Montana. There are specimens of this

species in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

from Gold Lake, Sierra County, California, July 27, 1921 (C. L.

Fox), and from Lower Lake, Lake County, California, May

13, 1922 (E. P. Van Duzee).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

Triclis tagax Williston is particularly abundant on the hills

west of Stanford University during the early summer.

Myelaphus lobicornis Osten Sacken may be added to the list

of Oregon Asilidse. In the California Academy collection there

are two specimens, one taken at the “P” Ranch, Harney County,

Oregon, June 23, 1922 (E. C. Van Dyke), the other taken at

Baker, Oregon, June 30, 1922 (E. C. Van Dyke).

Cyrtopogon tacomcs Melander is represented by three speci-

mens in material studied, two from Paradise Valley, Mt.

Rainier, Washington, August 7, 1919 (C. L, Fox), and one

male from Burns, Oregon, taken May 12, in the collection of

the Oregon Agricultural College. C. perspicax Cole was found

in large numbers by E. C. Van Dyke in Muir Woods, Marin

County, California, May 9, 1920. Dr. Van Dyke took a long

series of C. callipedihis Loew in the Yosemite Valley, Califor-

nia, from May 20 to June 12, 1921. The same collector, to-

gether with W. J. Chamberlin of Oregon Agricultural College,

collected a large series of C. willistoni Curran in the Stein

Mountains, Harney County, Oregon, June 24, 1922.

Cyrtopogon nitidus Cole, new species

Length 7 mm. Male. A shining black species. Head and appendages

black. Third antennal joint longer than the first two combined, the style

very short (see fig. 4). The callosity of the face, unusually large, filling

almost the entire face, from side to side and from oral margin to base

of antennje. Central part of face with coarse, silky white pile which

curves downward, the pile on either side black. Frons and upper occiput

long black pilose ; the beard white.

Scutellum shining black and yet flattened. Anterior portion of meso-

notum inside humeri, and a narrow median line, golden pollinose.

Pleura with a few pruinose spots, the meso- and pteropleura wholly

shining. Sparse pile of mesonotum and scutellum black. Knob of

halteres reddish, the stem brown.

Abdomen shining blue-black; some sparse pale pile on sides of

tergites, longer on the first two; most of the abdominal pile very short,

black in color. Posterior corners of tergites 2 to 5 with small silvery

pollinose spots. Genitalia black, the surstyli plain, the gonostyli with

an apical projection (see fig. 5). Legs black; the fine short pile on

under side of tarsi and front and hind tibiae golden yellow; bristles of

legs black; pile of femora white and black; coxae gray pollinose, white

pilose. Wings hyaline, slightly violescent; r-m cross vein before

middle of cell 1st M 2 .

Female. Length 7-8 mm. Very similar to the male. Mystax coarse

and wholly black, the golden pollinose area on the mesonotum more

distinct.

Holotype, male. No. 1578, and allotype, female. No. 1579, in

collection of California Academy of Sciences, taken July 4,

1920, by E. P. Van Duzee.

Type locality. Forks, Clallam County, Washington.

JULY, 1924]

COLE — NOTES ON ASILID^

There are three paratypes, a male and two females, taken

with the types. This species is not a typical Cyrtopogon; the

structure of the face, the very short antennal arista, the general

lack of pollen on the body, and the flattened, shining scutellum,

are unusual characters.

Ablautus squamipes Cole, new species

Male. Length 8 mm. Head black, the occiput gray pollinose and white

pilose. Antennoe black, long yellow bristles below on first joint; third

joint longer than first and second combined. Face gray pollinose, largely

covered by the dense mystax, which is mostly white, but yellow and

brown over the oral margin. Frons golden brown pollinose, with white

pile above.

Thorax black, largely golden brown pollinose, silvery on the humeri

and just behind them. Pleura largely brownish pollinose, the hypo-

pleura gray, with white pile. Metanotum gray pollinose. Bristles of

mesonotum yellowish. Scutellum gray pollinose, with whitish, up-

curved bristles on the margin, the base with a small, oval, shining black

spot. Halteres dull yellow, brown at base of stem.

Abdomen black, gray pollinose, tinged brown on basal portion of

second, third, and fourth tergites ; tergites 2 to 6 with a black, bare spot

in middle, near base; sides of tergites with larger black spot; sides of

tergites and the venter with coarse white pile. Hypopygium small,

blackish brown, the tergal portion projecting beyond the ventral. Femora

and tibiae black, with rather dense, coarse white pile and white bristles,

the bristles especially long on middle tibiae ; tarsi reddish in ground

color, bristles and pile white; claws black; last two joints of front tarsi

with long, close-set scales, mostly brown in color, but black and narrow

below. Wings hyaline and normal in venation; r-m cross vein a little

beyond middle of 1st M 2 .

Holotype, male, No. 1580, in collection of California Acad-

emy of Sciences, taken March 23, 1917, by V. W. Owen.

Type locality, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.

The species is described from an unique male. In Back’s

table of species it would run to mimus O. S., but this species has

no scales on the front tarsi and differs in other characters.

Parataracticus Cole, new genus

Very nearly related to Taracticus. Head nearly twice as broad as

high, face gently convex, the oral margin not prominent; mystax with

considerable bristle-like pile which is confined to the lower half of face.

Antennae slender, elongate, segment three about four times as long as

first and second combined, bare, with an emargination on the upper side

near the apical fourth in which there is a short, forward-pointing bristle.

Facial and frontal orbits nearly parallel, the latter slightly emarginate;

ocellar tubercle of good size. Abdomen robust, convex dorsally, finely

punctate, with small hairs in the punctures ; posterior corners of tergites

with short bristles, quite conspicuous on first four segments. Scutellum

with 6-7 marginal bristles, but the median portion bare. Genitalia small,

but easily made out at a magnification of fifteen diameters. Legs rather

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

robust, the hind tibiae slightly incrassate; front tibiae with a claw-like

terminal spine ; claws long, the pulvilli lacking. All cells on posterior

margin of wing open.

Genotype : Parataracticus ruhidus, new species.

Parataracticus rubidus Cole, new species

Male. Length 5 mm. Entire body red, with spots of silvery pollen.

First two antennal joints reddish yellow, the third brown, red at base,

about four times the length of the first two joints combined; first joint

with three or four strong yellow bristles below. Head broad, ocellar

tubercle conspicuous, with two diverging yellow bristles on the back

portion. Frons golden brown pollinose, silvery on sides. Face silvery

pollinose, with a golden tinge, gently convex; mystax of strong and

scattered yellow bristles, some few reaching up to base of antennae.

Proboscis reddish brown; palpi reddish brown, very small. A few

yellow post-orbital bristles.

Thorax red, the bristles yellow ; a broad median brown stripe on

mesonotum, with a spot on either side of it. Mesonotum and pleura

partly silvery, partly golden brown pollinose ; coxae silvery pollinose.

A few pale bristles before the lemon yellow halteres. Scutellum shining

red, flat, with rounded margin and rough disc, the sides narrowly silvery

pollinose; a clump of 3-4 yellow bristles on margin below each silvery

spot.

Abdomen rather short, robust, largely red in color, verging on burnt

sienna; tergum punctate and with sparse, short, fine pile in punctures.

Narrow lateral margins of tergites yellowish pollinose, silvery on pos-

terior corners of 2, 3, 4, and 5, and with short yellow bristles on these

posterior corners, especially strong on first three segments. Genitalia

rather small, yellowish red, with a deep cereal emargination on ninth

tergite; genital styles simple, curved, slender.

Legs rather heavy, the hind tibise noticeably incrassate; front tibiae

with slender, black, terminal claw-like spine. Legs wholly red, with pale

yellow and white bristles and with short, reclinate yellow pile; short

black bristles on posterior margins of tarsal joints. Claws long, black,

strong; no pulvilli present. Wings of normal size, costal and subcostal

veins yellow, other veins brown; r-m cross vein in middle of cell 1st M 2 ;

all cells on posterior margin of wing open, the cell 1st A narrowly.

Female. Practically the same in color and marking as the male. In

the type specimen the antennae are honey yellow, the third joint rela-

tively shorter than in male and with emargination and microscopic

bristles nearer tip. Sides of abdominal tergites silvery pollinose. Ninth

segment with terminal circlet of brown bristles.

Holotype, male, No. 1581, and allotype, female. No. 1582, in

collection of California Academy of Sciences. Holotype taken

June 13, 1917, by W. M. Giffard; allotype taken July 27, 1917,

by M, C. Lane.

Type locality, Niles Canyon, Alameda County, California.

The allotype taken at Bird’s Landing, California.

There is a paratype in the Stanford University collection,

taken at Palo Alto, June 21, 1892. One other specimen is in

the collection of Dr. M. Bezzi, in Italy ; Bezzi identified this as

an undescribed species in a genus near Rhadinus.

JULY, 1924]

COLE— NOTES ON ASILID.L

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke has presented his entire collection of

Coleoptera to the California Academy of Sciences but will

retain supervision over them during his life. This is one of the

largest and most valuable collections of North American Cole-

optera ever assembled on the Pacific coast, being especially rich

in Pacific Coast forms, and in the families Carabidse, Elateridse,

and the forest groups of beetles. The species are represented by

large series, showing both the geographical range and the de-

gree of variation. The Van Dyke collection, together with the

material in this order already in the museum of the Academy,

gives to the California Academy of Sciences a collection of

Coleoptera that takes its place among the more important collec-

tions of this country, and makes it one that must be consulted by

any one working with western species.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

TWO NEW CORDYLURID FLIES FROM THE PACIFIC

COAST

BY J. R. MALLOCH

Washington, D. C.

The type specimens of the species described in this paper are

deposited in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

Cordylura luteola Malloch, new species

Female. Glossy yellow. Head yellow, a spot surrounding ocelli, and

base of the arista black. Dorsum of thorax with faint indications of a

narrow brown vitta along each line of dorsocentral bristles. Abdomen

with a narrow black band on posterior margin of each tergite up to fifth,

the apical segments entirely black. Legs yellow, apices of mid and hind

femora, the greater portion of mid tibiae and all of hind tibiae in type

black; in paratype only the apices of hind femora and the greater por-

tion of hind tibiae blackened. Wings with the outer cross- vein and the

apices broadly infuscated. Halteres yellow. Bristles and hairs black.

Orbits each with 5 or 6 bristles and 3 hairs ; arista thickened at base,

plumose; proboscis thick; margin of cheek with one bristle below

vibrissa, and another very weak one near posterior margin. Anterior

intra-alar bristle absent; presutural acrostichals 2-rowed; stigmatal and

propleural bristles present; scutellum with two strong bristles and two

very weak apical hairs. Fore femur without anteroventral bristles ; mid

femur with two or three widely spaced anterdorsal bristles ; mid tibia

with a strong ventral, one anterodorsal, and two posterodorsal bristles ;

hind femur with 1-3 anteroventral bristles near apex; hind tibia with

one anteroventral, three anterodorsal and three posterodorsal bristles.

First vein nearly bare at apex.

Length, 7 mm.

Type, female. No. 1583, Hood River, Oregon, July 28, 1917

(F. R. Cole). Paratypes, Parkdale, Oregon, September 5;

Dewatto, Washington, June 7, 1906 (J. M. Aldrich).

This species closely resembles prceusta Loew, but that species

has the legs entirely yellow, and two instead of three pairs of

dorsal bristles on hind tibia.

Megophthalma americana Malloch, new species

Male and female. Tawny yellow, shining. Frons with white dusting

which is most distinct when seen from behind; third antennal segment

brown except at base below ; arista brown ; palpi and proboscis yellow.

Thorax entirely yellow; abdomen concolorous, each tergite with a nar-

row black hind border, sometimes the dorsum suffused with brownish

color. Legs yellow. Wings hyaline. Calyptrae and halteres yellow. Hairs

and bristles on body blackish.

Head as in pallida Zetterstedt, third antennal segment broadened

apically, arista with sparse long hairs; palpi normal. Thorax as in

pallida, scutellum with two long strong bristles about middle. Processes

of fifth sternite but little longer than broad, broadly rounded at apices.

JULY, 1924]

MALLOCH CORDYLURID FLIES

with a few hair-like bristles. Fore femur with a bristle at middle on

anterior surface and one at apex on postero-ventral, the ventral surface

with fine short hairs ; hind femur with one long fine hair at base on

ventral surface and a few widely spaced similar hairs on ventral sur-

faces which are much longer than the other hairs ; hind tibia with three

anterodorsal and three posterodorsal bristles; apical ventral bristle on

hind tibia stout and slightly curved. First vein bristled on apical half ;

outer cross-vein at about half its own length from apex of fifth.

Length, S-5.5 mm.

Type, male. No. 1584, Hood River, Oregon, June 21, 1917

(F. R. Cole), Allotype, female. No. 1585, Bovil, Idaho, July

15, 1910 (J. M. Aldrich). Paratypes, one male, Keyport,

Washington, August 7, 1905 (J. M. Aldrich) ; one female, Dela-

ware Water Gap, Pennsylvania (C. W. Johnson).

The genotype, pallida Zetterstedt, differs from this species in

having the dorsum of thorax with four confluent blackish vittse,

and the postnotum blackish. The entire series of four specimens

of americana differs in having the thorax entirely yellow and

can hardly belong to a variety of pallida.

The only other northern species of the genus, unilineata Zet-

terstedt, has been recorded from Alaska. I have not seen it, but

it has four scutellar bristles, and the apex of first vein bare,

besides differing in other characters.

STUDIES IN THE MELYRIDvE (Coleoptera)

III.

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, Calif.

With the exception of the Listrus collected by Mr. Fox, the

species described below have been non-descripts in our collec-

tions for many years. It is quite amazing the way new species

of Melyrids are being discovered. The automobile is in part the

cause of this, as collectors can now go to the outlying districts,

which were too far away or inaccessible before the completion

of the highways. The author has at hand fully a half as many

more unnamed species as have been described.

The following descriptions of new species and of one new

genus are submitted at the present time.

Pristoscelis vandykei Blaisdell, new species

Form dissimilar in the sexes. Color black; antennas rufous, distal

joints rufo- or nigro-piceous ; mouth-parts rufo-piceous and the legs

rufo-testaceous ; elytra more or less tinged with rufous at apex ; abdo-

men more or less rufous in the female.

Pubescence evenly distributed, moderately dense but not entirely

hiding the surface, conspicuous, cinereous in color; uniform and mod-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

erate in length and not intermixed with erect hairs or setae, recumbent.

Fimbriae pale, those of the pronotal margins not closely placed and of

moderate length, the elytral longer anteriorly. Surface in both sexes

very finely reticulate and rather dull in luster. Punctures distinct, rather

small, not very sharply defined and separated by a distance equal to

three or four times their diameter.

Male. Elongate oblong, not in the least narrowed anteriorly, about

three times as long as wide and less than moderately convex, somewhat

depressed. Head large, about as wide as the pronotum, as long as wide,

subtriangular ; eyes large and moderately convex; the tempora equal in

length to and continuing the surface line of the eyes, feebly convex and

moderately converging posteriorly. Front plane, very feebly and broadly

impressed; apical margin truncate, well defined; epistoma absent; post-

labral area membranous and pale in color ; labrum transverse, chitinous,

feebly arcuate at apex ; mandibles not prominent. Antennae quite heavy,

subserrate and extending to about middle of pronotal disk.

Pronotum about a fourth wider than long; a little narrower than the

elytra ; sides moderately arcuate, apex truncate in moderate circular arc,

the base broadly arcuate; angles rounded, continuing the curve of the

sides, apex and base; disk moderately and evenly convex from side to

side. Elytra oblong, parallel, less than twice as long as wide; base

truncate, humeri distinct and rather narrowly rounded, feebly tumid;

apex broadly rounded. Abdomen moderately convex, segments subequal

in length, very finely and rather densely punctate ; pubescence fine,

longer, not dense and recumbent; fifth ventral segment distinctly trun-

cate at apex. Legs moderate in length and stoutness ; metafemora not

stouter than the mesofemora, straight; tarsi rather stout.

Female. Similar to the male except less oblong in form and head and

pronotum notably smaller. Head about equal to the width of the pro-

notal apex; tempora short; eyes not distant from the pronotal apex;

post-labral membranous area very short and transverse and less sharply

defined from the frontal apex. Antennae shorter and less robust. Pro-

notum smaller, not as wide as the elytra. Abdomen moderately convex;

fifth ventral broadly and not strongly rounded. Legs somewhat shorter,

rather less stout, tarsi noticeably so.

Length (types) 3. 4-3. 5 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, in the author’s collec-

tion. Collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, in September, 1900, at

Irvington, Alameda County, California. Paratypes in the col-

lections of the author and of Dr. Van Dyke.

The present species has not been taken in recent years. Two

males and three females have been studied. In Pristoscelis the

epistoma is said to be absent ; the apical margin of the front is

well defined from the post-labral membranous area. These

characters are quite similar in both grandiceps and vandykei.

The two species differ markedly in facies, coloration and

pubescence, but not to any greater extent than do the extreme

forms in Trichochrous. Vandykei is a most interesting addi-

tion to the Melyridae.

JULY, 1924]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^E

Eutricholistra Blaisdell, new genus

Pubescent ; epistoma membranous at apex and not defined from the

front by a frontal suture. Eyes large as in Trichochrous, sparsely setose.

Antennje as in Trichochrous. Head and pronotum very coarsely punc-

tate. Lateral pronotal margins not serrulate. Epipleura more or less

outwardly reflexed in plane, wider toward base as in Trichochrous.

Apex of the fifth ventral abdominal segment as in Trichochrous.

Anterior tibiae beset externally with short spinules. Ungual appendages

about two-thirds as long as the claw, mutually equal and attached

nearly their entire length.

The following is a synoptic statement of the genera most

closely related to Eutricholistra :

Epipleura distinct.

Epistoma distinct 1

Epistoma absent, the frontal margin more or less finely beaded

throughout the width. Ungual appendages as long as the claws

and subequal, but the inner is detached from claw through outer

third of its length Pristoscelis.

1. Lateral pronotal margins not serrulate 2

Lateral margins serrulate 4

2. Epipleura narrow, wider toward base, more or less strongly, out-

wardly reflexed in plane throughout their length 3

Epipleura broad and horizontal, more or less inwardly reflexed in

plane toward apex 5

3. Antennae long, strongly serrate and clothed with long sparse and

flexible hairs Sydatopsis.

Antennae short and not pilose 6

4. Prothorax dilated posteriorly, minutely serrulate at the sides,

with a close-set fringe of usually pale hairs ; anterior tibiae with-

out stout spinules externally Listrus.

Prothorax widest at middle ; side margins strongly serrate, espe-

cially anteriorly, without close-set fringe; anterior tibiae with

stout spinules externally Cradytes.

5. Apical angles of the pronotum anteriorly prominent Eudasytes.

Apical angles not prominent Asydates.

6. Epistoma short, membranous and pale; ungual appendages about

two-thirds as long as the claws Eutricholistra.

Epistoma longer, chitinous and dark; ungual appendages as long

as the claws Trichochrous.

Eutricholistra punctata Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-oval, moderately convex. Color black ; antennse,

mouth-parts, tibise and tarsi more or less piceous ; epistoma and apical

margin of labrum, pale; knees slightly rufous. Pubescence abundant,

not dense, rather conspicuous, somewhat coarse and more or less

recumbent, moderately long, uniform in distribution and length — in

color flavo-cinereous. Hairs apparently recumbent on head and pro-

notum. Fimbrise pale, those of the lateral pronotal margins forming a

moderately long, close-set fringe, those of the elytra less coarse,

longest toward base. Hairs blackish on and about the genital segments.

Head relatively small, about equal in width to the pronotal apex, about

as long as wide, subtriangular, muzzle moderately short. Front feebly

convex between the eyes ; rather broadly impressed toward the epistoma,

with a small impunctate area at middle of apex; finely margined against

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

the eyes ; sparsely punctate, punctures large and coarse, slightly denser

along the eyes and apical margin. Eyes large, round and moderately

strongly convex, facets sharply defined and moderate in size. Antennae

rather short, extending to about the middle of the pronotum, somewhat

stout and slightly compressed, not strongly serrate. Terminal joint of

the maxillary palpi stouter and more widely truncate at apex than in

Listrus or Trichochrous.

Pronotum about a third wider than long ; apex truncate in middle

two-fourths ; base broadly arcuate ; sides slightly converging anteriorly,

angles almost continuously rounded with the sides, base and apex; disk

rather strongly and evenly convex from side to side; punctures coarse

and strong, separated by a distance equal to one to three times their

diameter, interstitial surface glabrous throughout. Elytra oblong, mod-

erately convex, about twice as long as wide; base broadly and slightly

emarginate ; humeri not prominent, slightly tumid and moderately

rounded; punctures less coarse than on the head and pronotum, sepa-

rated by a distance equal to about two times their diameter; surface

obsoletely rugose toward apex, the latter rather broadly rounded;

sutural angles obtuse. Abdomen moderately convex, somewhat densely

punctate at sides of the segments, rather more coarsely so toward apex.

Legs moderate in length and stoutness.

Male. Narrower, parallel; pronotum about as wide as the elytra;

fifth ventral abdominal segment truncate at apex in middle two-fourths,

slightly flattened on disk. Female. Broader, sides slightly arcuate; head

smaller, the antennae shorter and less stout ; pronotum somewhat smaller ;

fifth ventral segment longer and rounded at apex, margin set with

blackish hairs.

Length (types) 3-3.5 mm.; width 1-1.4 mm.

Holotype, male; allotype, female, and paratypes in the au-

thor’s collection. Collected by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher at

Nogales, Arizona, September 14, 1906.

Eutricholistra should follow Pristoscelis in our lists. It has

the appearance of a Trichochrous, but can readily be recognized

by its unusually coarse punctuation of the head and pronotum.

Listrus minutus Blaisdell, new species

Size small. Form elongate oval, about three times as long as wide.

Color nigro-piceous to black, with antennae, tibiae and tarsi piceous.

Pubescence very short, very sparse and inconspicuous, slightly fulvous

in color ; fimbriae extremely short and inconspicuous ; without maculation.

Head as wide as the pronotal apex, about as wide as long, muzzle very

short. Front slightly and rather evenly convex, surface very finely

wrinkled, punctures not evident. Eyes relatively large and strongly con-

vex. Antennae extending nearly to pronotal base, gradually incrassate;

joints two, six and seven subglobular, sixth smallest; third and fourth

about as wide as long, feebly obconical; fifth subtriangular, larger than

the contiguous joints; eighth slightly transverse, short; ninth and tenth

larger and about as wide as long; eleventh pointed oval, nearly as long

as the preceding two taken together. Pronotum about as long as wide,

base and apex subtruncate in middle three-fifths ; sides rather evenly

arcuate, angles rounded, the basal sometimes slightly evident; marginal

serrulations very minute and subobsolete; disk quite strongly convex

JULY, 1924]

BLAISDELL — MELYRID.E

from side to side, rather finely and not closely punctate ; interstitial sur-

face very finely reticulate, gradually becoming reticulo-asperate in about

lateral fifth.

Elytra less than three times as long as the pronotum ; sides slightly

arcuate, subparallel ; base feebly emarginate ; sutural angles obtuse and

each almost rounded ; disk more coarsely punctate than the pronotum ;

punctures separated by a distance equal to one and one-half times their

diameter; moderately convex, surface extremely finely reticulo-subas-

perate. Scutellum small and concolorous. Abdomen very finely punc-

tulate; pubescence fine, sparse and inconspicuous. Legs moderate in

length and stoutness.

Male. Narrower and more parallel; fifth ventral segment truncate at

apex. Female. Broader, sides more arcuate; antennae slightly more

slender ; fifth ventral rounded at apex, but not broadly so.

Lengths (types) 1.9-2. 1 mm.; width .6-. 8 mm.

Holotype, male. No. 1586, and allotype, female. No. 1587,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, collected May 16,

1915, by the author, at Crystal Lakes, San Mateo County, Cali-

fornia. Paratypes in the collections of the Philadelphia Acad-

emy of Sciences, that of Charles Liebeck of Philadelphia and

in that of the author. Forty specimens studied.

Minutus is the smallest described Listrus, it is related to

ohscurellus Lee. from which it differs in the shorter and more

inconspicuous pubescence, smaller size, and in being less elon-

gate. In ohscurellus the antennae are more elongate and the

basal joints longer and more obconical. Punctatus Mots, is

more robust, oblong-oval and less convex, pubescence and

firmbriae longer. The parapleura are clothed with whitish hairs

in all the three species. Minutus was obtained by sweeping

buttercups {Ranunculus calif ornicus) in the open fields on hill

sides. Listrus foxi Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, about three times as long as wide. Color black, with

a very feeble bluish tinge ; tibiae, tarsi and antennae more or less piceous.

Pubescence dense, short and cinereous. Maculation sharply defined and

arranged as follows : a parascutellar spot on each eLtron, which may

coalesce around the scutellum and so form an oblong spot; a short

elongate humeral spot; subbasal fascia represented by a spot at center

of each elytron; a submedian transverse fascia that scarcely attains the

margin or suture, its edges feebL irregular; a subapical transverse row

of four spots and an apical spot. Pronotal macules as follows ; a central

oblong spot divided into four, two anterior and smaller, two posterior

and larger; the lateral vitta broken into two macules. Lateral pronotal

and elytral fimbriae well developed, moderate in length, shorter on the

elytra; cinereous in color. Pubescence longer beneath.

Head slightly transverse, a little wider than the pronotal apex, muzzle

short; front broadly impressed and with a slight convexity against the

middle of the clypeal base; punctures rather large, shallow and sep-

arated. Eyes large and convex. Antennae rather elongate, feebly incras-

sate; joints two to eight rather elongate and slightly compressed; second

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1 , NO. 1

oval; third subcylindrically obconical; fourth subtriangular ; fifth more

broadly triangular and distinctly longer than wide ; sixth to eighth about

as wide as long and subequal in size; ninth and tenth slightly more

robust, scarcely longer than wide; eleventh pointed oval and about a

half longer than wide. Pronotum slightly transverse; apex truncate in

feeble circular arc; base broadly arcuate, feebly and briefly sinuate

laterally within the angles ; apical angles rounded, the basal small like a

serrule; sides rather evenly arcuate, very feebly convergent anteriorly;

serrulations subacute and well defined; disk moderately convex from

side to side, punctures rather large, well defined and separated by a

distance equal to their diameter, intervening surface flat in the central

area and with few scattered punctules, becoming reticulo-indentate

laterally.

Elytra oblong-oval, base emarginate and adapted to the pronotal arcu-

ation; disk moderately convex; punctures moderately small, becoming

more widely separated and smaller apically, where the surface is smooth

and not ruguloso-punctate as toward base. Abdomen finely punctate.

Legs moderately stout.

Male. Parallel ; posterior femora distinctly arcuate and rather tumid ;

fifth ventral segment modified, in the central area, and there clothed

with black hairs as well as on the genital segments, apex sinuato-

truncate, adjacent surface asperate. Female. Broader, sides more arcu-

ate; posterior femora straight and not tumid; fifth ventral moderately

broadly rounded at apex, somewhat deflexed; surface just before apex

along margin black and asperate.

Length (types) 3. 5-3.9 mm.; width 1-1.3 mm.

Type, male. No. 1588, and allotype, female, No. 1589, Mu-

seum California Academy of Sciences, collected July 12, 1919,

by Mr, Charles L. Fox, after whom the species is named.

Paratypes in the collection of the author and that of Mr. Charles

Liebeck of Philadelphia.

Type locality, Longmire Springs, Washington.

Foxi resembles maculosus Casey, but differs from that species

by the modified fifth ventral in the male. It should follow

canescens in the author’s table.

Listrus anacapensis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oval, moderately convex. Color black, superior surface

with a distinct aeneous luster. Antennae piceous, more or less rufous in

basal portion; legs piceous, tibiae sometimes rufo-piceous. Pubescence

conspicuous, abundant, not completely hiding the general surface, re-

cumbent, somewhat short and plumbeo-cinereous in color; distinctly

hair-like on head and pronotum, coarser on the elytra. Elytral macula-

tion not sharply defined, somewhat obscure; a small humeral and a

larger parascutellar macule at base on each elytron; post-basal fascia,

narrow and zigzag; post-median fascia wider and similar; subapical

fascia and macules more or less indefinite ; pronotal median vitta almost

obscurely divided into four macules, the anterior being smaller ; lateral

vittse more or less discernable as two spots each; central area of the

head darker. Lateral pronotal fimbriae rather short, those of the elytra

still shorter, not longer anteriorly. Hairs of the abdomen finer than on

the superior surface.

JULY, 1924]

BLAISDELL MELYRIDiE

Head slightly wider than long, subtriangular, muzzle short. Front

plane or very feebly and broadly impressed, not densely punctate ;

punctures rather small, well defined and separated by a distance equal to

one or two times their diameter, denser on the vertex. Eyes moderately

large and evenly convex. Antennas extending to about the basal fourth of

the pronotum, subclavate, moderately slender basally; second joint oval,

scarcely longer than wide ; third subcylindrically obconical, about twice as

long as wide ; fourth a little broader at apex and about equal to the third

in length; fifth a little broader than the contiguous joints, subtriangular

and a little longer than wide; sixth, seventh and eighth about as long

as wide at apex, shorter than the preceding joints; ninth, tenth and

eleventh larger and more robust, similar in form to the eighth; eleventh

short obovate and obtusely pointed at apex.

Pronotum slightly different in proportions in the sexes ; apex and base

arcuate ; widest at basal third ; angles broadly rounded ; sides moderately

arcuate in basal half, less so anteriorly, serrulations quite feeble; disk

rather strongly and evenly convex from side to side, quite densely

punctate; punctures moderately small, distinct and in the central area

separated by a distance equal to their diameter, becoming denser, and

reticulato-punctate in lateral third; interstices in the central area flat

and apparently not indented. Elytra oblong oval, base subtruncate;

scutellum quadrate; humeri not prominent or tumid, moderately nar-

rowly rounded; apex rather parabolically rounded; surface vaguely sub-

rugose; punctures larger than on the pronotum and somewhat im-

pressed, separated by a distance equal to two or three times their

diameter. Abdomen finely and rather densely punctate. Legs somewhat

long, metafemora not noticeably swollen and nearly straight; tarsi

slender and elongate.

Male. Narrower, parallel, sides feebly arcuate; pronotum a little

longer than wide, sides noticeably straight and convergent in apical

half ; fifth ventral abdominal segment truncate at apex. Female.

Broader, widest behind the middle, sides moderately arcuate ; pronotum

about as wide as long, less convergent anteriorly, sides more arcuate ;

fifth ventral segment longer and rounded at apex.

Length (types) 2.6-3. 1 mm.; width .9-1,1 mm.

Type, male. No. 1590, and allotype, female. No. 1591, in the

Museum of California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes in the

collection of the Academy and that of the author.

Type locality, Anacapa Island, California. Collected on May

15, 1919, by E. P. Van Duzee. A small series studied.

Anacapensis is most closely related to variegatus Casey, from

which it differs in its more elongate form and less developed

maculation. Both sexes are more noticeably narrowed anteri-

orly. In a female variegatus kindly identified for me by Colonel

Casey, the pronotal punctuation in the central area is sparser,

the lateral pronotal and elytral fimbriae are quite equal in length,

the scutellum is wider than long, the male is stouter and the

head and pronotum relatively broader as compared to the el 3 dra.

The pubescence and maculation resembles some of the extreme

forms of confusus Casey.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1, NO. 1

CHARACTERS OF TWO NORTH AMERICAN

CHERMID^E*

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

California Academy of Sciences^ San Francisco

Kuwayama lavaterae Van Duzee, new species

Aspect of Trioza nigrella Crawf. but readily distinguished by

its having the frontal cones reduced to pale tubercles ; males

largely black, females pale; first tergal segment with a white

apical margin, usually conspicuous. Length 3.4-3. 5 mm.

Head obviously narrower than mesothorax; vertex flat, median im-

pressed line and basal fovea either side distinct; margins tumidly ele-

vated; apical emargination very feeble; frontal cones reduced to a pale

tumid lobe at base of antennae; clypeus prominent, rounded-conical;

antennae longer than width of thorax; praescutum prominently nar-

rowed and subtubercular before, about as in nigrella. Fore wings

rounded-angular at apex, rather more angled in female. Male forceps

slender, acute and incurved at tip and approximate under apex of anal

valve, the latter abruptly contracted below at base, then slightly nar-

rowed to apex, taken together longer than wide, when seen from above.

Female segment very short, not attaining apex of anal valve.

Color: Male mostly black; edge of vertex, antennae, frontal cones,

clypeus, lateral tubercle of pronotum, some marks at base of wings, hind

margin of tergal segments one and six and legs, whitish ; apical segment

of antennae, tips of four preceding and base of first, and the hind

femora, except apex, black; anterior and intermediate femora with a

brown cloud above ; tarsal claws black ; wings clear, veins pale, the mar-

ginal scarcely darker. Sometimes the mesonotum shows four longi-

tudinal vittae and there may be one on the praescutum. Female paler,

yellowish fulvous to brown, more or less varied with darker; antennae

as in male; oviduct black.

Described from numerous examples taken with the young on

leaves of Lavatera assurgentidora in San Francisco, November

28, 1918. It is common on this shrubby mallow and often dis-

figures the plants by causing the leaves to curl. The extent of

the markings in both male and female is subject to much varia-

tion. It is nearest to Kuwayama dorsalis Crawf. but distinct in

several characters.

Holotype, male, No. 1592, and allotype, female. No. 1593,

Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality, San Francisco, California.

Aphalara martini Van Duzee, new species

Allied to pulchella Crawf, but smaller and darker with more

uniformly dotted wings and different genital characters. Length

2.5 mm.

^Contributions from the California Academy of Sciences, No. 233.

JULY, 1924] VAN DUZEE NEW CHERMIDZE,

Head nearly as wide as mesonotum ; vertex less produced either side

the frontal ocellus, the surface elevated either side the incised median

line ; clypeus more prominently conical ; prsescutum shorter and more

broadly rounded behind; elytra narrower; cubitus more gradually bent

to costa leaving the inner apical cell narrower and more pointed at

apex; outer apical cell narrower. Genital segment of female short,

shorter than the apical two ventral segments together. Forceps of male

clavate with an incurved apical tooth; ventral member of anal valve

slender, enclosing the forceps ; viewed below with a blunt tooth at about

their middle; dorsal member erect, short, stout.

Color of male brown varied with lighter, the light marks including a

median area on vertex, six spots on pronotum, a median spot on prae-

scutum and about six vittae on mesonotum ; metasternal tubercles and

usually the hind edge of ventral segments pale; antennae pale, black at

apex ; knees and most of tibiae and tarsi pale ; elytra whitish opaque,

veins yellowish, surface rather sparsely but almost uniformly dotted

with fuscous; apical veins more or less conspicuously bordered with

fuscous ; usually with a distinct fuscous cloud on Cu^ and at apex of Rs

(teste Crawford fig. 395, 1914) but these do not join to form a trans-

verse vitta as in pulchella. Female similarly marked but the colors paler

in all parts ; the genital pieces black as are the male forceps.

Described from numerous specimens taken by Mr. J. O.

Martin and myself, in great numbers on Frankenia grandifolia

on the salt-marshes near the mouth of the San Joaquin River

at Pittsburg, California, November 25, 1923. I take pleasure

in naming this species for one of our local coleopterists who

has discovered a number of new and interesting Hemiptera

while collecting beetles, and who first brought this species to

my attention. At Lake Elsinore, in April, 1920, I took an

Aphalara that seems to differ from this only in being pale

throughout, and may prove to be the summer form of this

species. In Crawford’s key of 1914 the present species runs to

pulchella from which the smaller size, short female genital seg-

ment, different wing picture and other characters mentioned

will separate it.

Holotype, male. No. 1594, and allotype, female. No. 1595,

Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality, Pittsburg, California.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I^ NO. 1

THE NYMPHS OF TWO SPECIES OF CHERMID^

(HEMIPTERA)

BY G. F. FERRIS

Stanford University, California

On a preceding page of this journal Mr. E. P. Van Duzee has

described the adults of two species of Chermids. Through the

kindness of Mr. Van Duzee I have been enabled to examine

nymphs of these two species and their descriptions are here-

with presented. This paper is in effect one of a series in which

it is proposed to deal with the immature stages of this family.

An explanation of the point of view and of the methods involved

in these papers will be found in another of the series^.

The almost total absence of detailed studies on the immature

stages in this family is responsible for the fact that certain

structures which occur in some of the members of the family

and which appear to be peculiar to them have no name. It is no

part of my desire to multiply terms unnecessarily, but in the

case of certain of these structures an ordinary descriptive

phrase is entirely too clumsy.

There are present on the nymphs of many of the species in the

Triozinse certain seta-like structures which are of peculiar

character. Morphologically they are apparently setae as they

arise from a socket but they are distinguished by the fact that

at some distance from the base they decrease sharply in diameter,

this constriction giving them a jointed appearance. They are

associated with the production of wax and upon them as a sup-

port, if not from them as a point of origin, rise the slender

filaments of wax that are a more or less distinctive feature in

the nymphs of this subfamily. To these structures I am apply-

ing the term sectaseta. I know of no other group in which struc-

tures exactly equivalent to these occur.

Kuwayama lavateile Van Duzee

Fig. 1.

Specimens examined: Nymphs of all stages from Lavatera

assurgentidora, near Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Califor-

nia, November 26, 1923 (E. P. Van Duzee).

Nymphal stages: The material at hand contains specimens

clearly representing five stages. As this agrees with the number

known in other species of the family it may be assumed that

these are all.

1 Ferris, G. F. Observations on the Chermidae, Part I. Canadian Entomolo-

gist, 55:250, 1923.

JULY, 1924] FERRIS NYMPHS OF CHERMID.F:

Fifth stage: Length 1.8 mm. Form regularly oval, the head, however,

across its posterior portion and the abdomen at the base narrower than

the wing pads, so that the continuity of margin is interrupted at these

points. Wing pads produced cephalad nearly to the anterior margin of

the eyes. Dorsum quite heavily chitinized, the abdomen composed for

the most part of a single plate, with a narrow, medially interrupted,

plate at the joint between abdomen and thorax. Entire margin of the

body, except for the eyes, beset with a continuous series of sectasetae,

these (Fig. IB) quite slender and borne upon distinct prominences;

dorsum likewise thickly beset with sectasetae, those on the abdomen

arranged in segmental series. Derm over the entire dorsum also thickly

beset with minute points (Fig. IB) except for a series of small areas

on the abdomen where these give way to peculiar, minute, fringed pro-

cesses (Fig ID).

Ventral side membranous throughout except for a faintly chitinized

marginal zone, the anal area, a small area about each spiracle except

the first pair and faint submedian areas ; the derm of the abdomen

beset, like the dorsum, with minute points. Antennse (Fig. 1C) four-

segmented, the first two segments very short, the other two quite long

and each bearing two small sensoria. Legs without trochanter ; with

the division between tibia and tarsus distinct; claws present, the pul-

villus quite large and triangular (Fig. IE). Anal opening set well in

from the apex of the body, the outer circum-anal pore ring consisting

of a single row of slit-like pores, the inner ring consisting of an

irregular row of small circular pores (Fig. IH).

Fourth stage: Length 1.1 mm. In general characters practically iden-

tical with the fifth; differing in having the antennse (Fig. IE) but

three-segmented, the third segment very large, and with three small

sensoria, and in lacking the division between tibia and tarsus. There

is a slight reduction in the number of sectasete.

Third stage : Length .7 mm. Like the fourth stage but with only

two sensoria on the third segment of the antennse. The sectasete fewer

and proportionately much larger as they remain nearly of the same

size as in the fifth stage.

Second stage : Length .45 mm. Antenna but two-segmented (Fig.

1C), the first segment very short, the second relatively very large and

bearing a single sensorium. Sectasetse still fewer, those on the abdo-

men arranged for the most part in distinct longitudinal rows.

First stage: Length .3 mm. Antennse as in the second stage but with

the first segment very small and obscure. Rudiments of the wing pads

represented each by a chitinous plate, these plates meeting at the

meson, but not extending beyond the margins. Dorsum of the abdomen

differing markedly from the other stages, the segments sharply divided

from each other. Sectasetse very much reduced in number, there being

but one at the lateral margin of each segment, except the last, and four

in a row across the segment.

Aphalara martini Van Diizee

Fig. 2.

Specimens examined: From Frankenia grandifolia, Long

Beach, July 20, 1923 (E. Bethel), and the same host, Pitts-

burg, California, December 1, 1923 (E. P. Van Duzee). Nymphs

of all but the first stage present.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1 , NO. 1

Nymphal stages. Fifth stage (Fig. 2A) : Length 1.3 mm. Elongate;

the wing pads projecting from the side of the body but not produced

cephalad; eyes rather prominent and extending beyond the contour of

the head. All setae of the dorsal side and the margins short, stout and

somewhat lanceolate (Fig. 2C).

Antennae borne at the margin of the head, three-segmented, the first

two segments quite short, together scarcely more than a third as long

as the third segment, all the segments with a few lanceolate setae and

devoid of sensoria.

Dorsum with the derm for the most part chitinous, the chitinization

broken up into numerous plates which are arranged as follows : head

with a pair of large plates and each segment of thorax with a pair of

large and several smaller plates, the large plates of both head and

thorax separated mesally and bearing a row of lanceolate setae along

the mesal margin. Wing pads with a marginal row of lanceolate setae

and a few such setae over the surface. Abdomen with a pair of mesally

separated, narrow plates on each of the first four segments and with

the remainder of the surface, consisting apparently of four segments,

composed of a pair of mesally separated plates which show some traces

of segmentation; all of the plates with lanceolate setae along the mesal

margin, a few over the surface and at the lateral margin. Derm (Fig.

2B) somewhat vermiculate.

Ventral side membranous throughout except for a small plate at the

base of each antennae, one at the eye, an irregular apical area and a

small plate about each spiracle. All of these chitinized areas are beset

with fine points (Fig. 2F). Legs without trochanter; with the division

between tibia and tarsus distinct; pulvillus a sub-circular pad (Fig.

2E). Anal opening set well in from the apex of the body, the outer

circum-anal pore ring consisting of a single row of slit-like pores (Fig.

2G), the inner ring consisting of an irregular row of small, circular

pores.

Fourth: Length .7 mm. What appears to be the fourth stage differs

from the fifth chiefly in the smaller size, in the presence of but two

segments in the antennae (Fig. 2D) and the absence of a tibio-tarsal

joint.

Third stage: Length .7 mm. Apparently differing from the fourth

only in size.

Second stage : Length .5 mm. Apparently differing from the third

only in size and in the smaller wing pads.

JULY, 1924]

FERRIS — NYMPHS OF CHERMID^

Fig. 1. Kuwayama lavatercB Van Duzee: A, nymph of fifth

stage; B, sectaseta and portion of derm; C, antenna of fifth

stage ; D, ornamentation of portion of derm ; E, apex of tarsus ;

F, antenna of fourth stage ; G, antenna of second stage ; H,

anal area.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

f f

Fig. 2. Aphalara martini Van Diizee: A, nymph of fifth

stage ; B, ornamentation of derm of dorsum ; C, marginal setae ;

D, antenna of fourth stage ; E, apex of tarsus ; F, ornamentation

of venter ; G, anal area.

JULY, 1924]

EMERTON NEW SPIDERS

NEW CALIFORNIA SPIDERS

BY J. H. EMERTON

Boston, Mass.

In June, 1905, in company with Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Peck-

ham, the writer spent a week at Berkeley, California, collecting

spiders, some of which have remained to this time undescribed.

The recent collections of Mr. and Mrs. Van Duzee have revived

interest in California spiders. Three apparently new species are

here described. One of these, Theridion punctipes, belongs to

the subgenus Phyllonethis and occurs in company with Theri-

dion placens Keyserlin and Theridion calif ornicum Banks, both

of which are described for comparison. All three spiders live

among the leaves of plants. The other two new species resem-

ble T. murarium of the Eastern United States and were mis-

taken for it at the time of collection, both living on walls and

fences and in the stone work outside of houses. The types of

the new species are in the author’s collection.

1. Theridion punctipes Emerton, new species

About 4 mm. long and with a general pale yellow color. The

cephalothorax is grayish with an indistinct darker middle stripe.

The abdomen has a pale middle stripe and grayish sides with

irregular markings in pairs mixed with fine black spots (Fig. 1).

On the under side are grayish markings which obscure the ep-

igynum, which is not as dark in color or as distinct as in the

related species. The legs are banded lightly with gray at the

ends and middle of the joints and marked with fine dark spots,

most numerous on the femora and on the first and second legs.

The mandibles are long in both sexes and in the male are as long

as the cephalothorax (Fig. 2). The male palpi have the tibia

longer than the tarus. The palpal organ is narrower toward the

end and has the process on the under side smaller than in the

related species (Fig. 3).

2. Theridion PLACENS Keyserling

Four or five millimeters long and generally pale yellow. The

under side is pale with the epigynum showing distinctly as a

small black spot. The cephalothorax has a gray middle stripe.

The abdomen has a pale middle stripe with gray markings at the

sides, but these markings are most distinct on the hinder half

and are often wanting entirely in front. The legs are pale, with

hardly any gray at the ends of the joints. The male palpus has

the tibia short. The palpal organ is narrowed toward the end and

the inner process is large and blunt (Fig. 4).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. I, NO. 1

3. Theridion californicum Banks

Generally pale yellow and somewhat smaller than placens and

punctipes. The abdomen is pale beneath, with the epigynum

dark, and surrounded by a larger dark area. The dorsal colors

are more variable than in the related species. The cephalothorax

has a gray middle stripe, usually pale and often absent. The ab-

domen is usually pale with a middle stripe toward the posterior

end and two translucent brownish lines. In some individuals

there are black spots in pairs along the middle stripe and a black

middle stripe with or without opaque white spots (Fig. 6). The

male palpus has the tibia short. The. palpal organ is blunt at the

end and the inner process is long and sharp, resembling that of

T. frondeiim of the eastern coast (Fig. 5).

4. Theridion stanfordi Emerton, new species

Female 3 mm. long, male 2 mm. Cephalothorax gray without

middle or lateral stripes. Abdomen spherical, gray with a dis-

tinct middle stripe the whole length, lighter in the middle and

with darker edges. The sides have oblique rows of spots varying

in distinctness in different individuals. The under side of the

abdomen has a light spot in the middle surrounded by a dark

area connected with the lateral markings. The general appear-

ance is much lik^ T. murarium. The epigynum has a wide open-

ing half oval in shape (Fig. 9). The palpal organ has the tube

flat against the under side, supported at the end by a small pro-

cess (Fig. 7). The only male is much smaller than the females.

Found in carved stone outside buildings of Stanford Uni-

versity, and outside houses in Berkeley.

5. Theridion berkeleyi Emerton, new species

Male 3 mm. long. Color generally gray. Cephalothorax pale

with dark middle and narrow side stripes. Abdomen with a

light middle stripe and dark gray sides. The legs are dark at the

end and middle of each joint. The male palpus (Fig. 8) resem-

bles closely that of T. murarium, the tube has the same shape as

in the latter species, but the supporting process at the end is

longer and more slender. The hook on the inner side is much

stouter than in murarium and slightly serrated.

Only one male was found, on the outside of a house at Ber-

keley.

Fig. 1, Dorsal markings of T. punctipes. Fig. 2, Cephalothorax, mandibles

and first femur of T, punctipes. Fig. 3, Male palpus of T. punctipes.

Fig. 4, Male palpus of T. placens. Fig. 5, Male palpus of T. calif ornicum.

Fig. 6, Variations of dorsal markings of T. calif ornicum. Fig. 7, Male

palpus of T. stanfordi. Fig. 8, Male palpus of T. berkeleyi. Fig. 9,

Epigynum of T, stanfordi.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

THE CHEIRIDIIN^ OE NORTH AMERICA

( Arachnida-Pseudoscorpionida )

BY JOSEPPI CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

Stanford University, California

It is of more than ordinary interest to be able to report the

presence of this subfamily in North America. Two western

American species have been discovered and are here named.

Cheiridium museorum Leach, a domestic species which has

been widely dispersed by commerce, is briefly included inasmuch

as it will also surely, sooner or later, become a member of our

fauna. Since no adequate definition of the sub-family is readily

available in the literature an attempt is made to give one here.

Measurements are taken as described by Chamberlin (1923,

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. XII: 356-357: f.) with the following

changes. The length of the hand is omitted and the breadth of

the base of the movable finger of the claw is added. Eour coxal

measurements of each of the coxae of the palpus, leg I and leg IV

are added. These are : greatest length, greatest breadth, acces-

cessory length and accessory breadth, and they are taken as

indicated in Eig. A. Total length is of cleared, stained (ex-

panded) specimens, and is exclusive of the chelicerae. Three

carapacal measurements are here given, these are, median length,

anterior breadth (across the eyes) and the posterior breadth, all

tabulated in the order given. The cucullus length is from the

anterior margin of carapace to a line drawn between the centers

of the two eyes. Eor the chelicerse in this same order are given

the length and breadth of the basal finger or segment, and the

length of the movable finger.

All measurements are in terms of the length of the femur of

the palpus. K is simply the length of the femur of the particular

specimen measured, in millimeters. K times any measurement

will give that measurement in millimeters. The ^‘JC’’ numbers

are my personal catalogue numbers of the specimens under con-

sideration. All are in my personal collection including types.

Male and female paratypes of Apocheiridium ferumoides are

deposited in the California Academy of Sciences ; Department of

Entomology at Stanford ; Museum of Comparative Zoology and

the British Museum of Natural History. Mr. E. O. Essig of

the University of California is the original discoverer of this

species.

JULY, 1924]

CHAMBERLIN CHEIRIDIINvU

Cheiridiin^ Hansen

1894, Hansen, Ent. Med. udg. For. Copenhagen. IV:232.

Diagnosis : All tarsi single segmented, I & II sub-equal in length to

tibiae. III & IV shorter than tibiae; all femora undivided (I & II may

show a vestigial articulation trace); claws simple; empodia undivided

and sub-equal to claws ; sternum absent ; carapace posteriorly broader

than long, sub-equilaterally triangular; eyes two, cucullus well devel-

oped ; typically with a single broad carapacal furrow ; abdomen broadly

ovate, broadest medially; anus entirely ventral, borne on shield com-

posed of fused 11th tergite and last sternite; tergites and sternites

longitudinally divided; no tarsal nor abdominal pseudotactile setae;

stigmatic helix present but obscure; spiracular guard sclerite reduced

to a chitinous border line ; maxilla slightly or not at all overlaid by

coxa I ; lamina maxillaris well developed, non-serrately margined ;

median and posterior maxillary lyrifissures complete ovate loops ; max-

illary trochaiiteral foramen situated laterall}^ invisible from ventral

aspect; palpal poison ducts absent; chelicerse small, all but base of

hand visible from above; coxal area roughly triangular, narrowing

anteriorly; typically extremely and rugosely granulate on palpi and to

a lesser legree on carapace and abdomen ; palpal and dorsal setse typ-

ically strongly curved, usually with a single dorsal tooth; small, much

depressed, slowly moving forms, less than 2.0 mm. long.

Remarks. In addition to the above characters the American

and European species are characterized by chelicerse bearing a

small lamina interior ; a laminiform serrula interior with an

apical tooth and one or two scarcely dentate lobes ; an eight or

ten toothed serrula exterior attached throughout its length ; by

the presence of the terminal galeal seta, and the exterior, inte-

rior, basal and sub-basal setae, the laminal seta being absent. One

dorsal and one ventral cheliceral lyrifissure present. The tergal

border setae in both Cheiridium and Apocheiridium number be-

tween 22 and 28 per tergite ; marginal lyrifissures number about

6 per tergite. Sub-terminal tooth of movable finger of chelicera

vestigial.

As the result of investigations, as yet unpublished, it has been

discovered that the tactile setae of the claws typically number

twelve throughout the order, but that occasionally in some

groups, some of these are lost. It is also possible to more or less

safely homologize these setae. Typically there are four such

setae on the movable finger; four on the exterior surface of the

fixed finger and four on its interior surface. These setae I have

named as indicated in Figs. J and U. Apparently the interior

terminal seta of the fixed finger and the terminal and basal setae

of the movable finger are typically, if not always, absent in this

subfamily. Some others may be present or absent.

The male genitalia presents a number of curious features.

Of particular interest is the presence of typical genital sacs

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1 , NO. 1

(Fig. R) very similar to those that occur in most of the Obisiidse

and Garypinus, as well as in other groups. The rams-horn

organs of the genus Chelifer are probably homologous with

these sacs, merely being specialized for a particular function.

In this particular group they are destroyed by boiling in KOH

as is ordinarily done in making preparations and they are only

observable in “uncooked,” but cleared specimens. Likewise

the curious grape-like clusters attached to the genitalia are of

considerable interest (Fig. R). They appear to be homologous

with the typical unimpaired median testis. They are probably

characteristic of the subfamily at least.

All the species I have studied fall into two well marked

genera. They may be separated by aid of the key.

Femoral angle pronounced; movable finger of claw with but a single

tactile seta; 11 tergites visible from above....Apocheiridium genus nov.

Femoral angle non-existent; movable finger of claw with two tactile

setae; 10 tergites only visible from above Cheiridium Menge.

Apocheiridium Chamberlin, new genus

Orthotype, Apocheiridium ferumoides sp. nov. North America:

California.

Diagnosis; Terminal, sub-basal and basal setae of movable finger

absent ; tactile setae spaced as in Fig J ; claw more or less turbinate ;

femoral angles pronounced; humeral angles obsolete; internal lateral

chitin fold of coxa I pronounced; 11 segments visible from above;

tergites 1 to 9, inclusive, longitudinally divided; anterior blade of flag-

ellum broad as posterior two combined and at least slightly dentate

anteriorly; posterior margin of trochanter evenly rounded; female

with a row of three separate and distinct simple galeae on each cheli-

cera; male with two (or one) stylet-like galeae similarly arranged;

first four tergites distinctly narrowed, third narrowest, little more

than half width of broadest ones.

Distribution. France, Italy, Sardinia, South Africa, Western

United States, Western Mexico.

Remarks. The four species known to belong to this genus may

be separated by means of the following key. All are superficially

very similar and careful examination is necessary to distinguish

them.

1, Claw 5.5 times as long as width of tibia; femur about 4.3 times as

long as greatest breadth; from Idaho, Utah mormon sp. nov.

■ — , Claw 4.6 or less times as long as width of tibia; femur less than

2, Tibia 2 times or less longer than breadth of claw; genital loops of

male distinctly longer (without pedicel) than lateral diameter of x-

sac; California ferumoides sp. nov.

— , Tibia 2.3 or more times as long as breadth of claw; genital loops of

male much shorter than lateral diameter of x-sac; old world

species 3.

JULY, 1924]

CHAMBERLIN CHEIRIDIIN^

3, Small species, less than 1 mm. long; granulations of femur much

reduced, no, or very few, large, tooth-like granules ; tibia at least 2.5

times as long as width of trochanter; South Africa

Apocheiridium (un-named.) sp. nov.

— , Larger species, distinctly more than 1 mm. long ; granulations of

femur pronounced, numerous very large tooth-like granules; tibia

less than 2.4 times as long as width of trochanter; Europe

ferum (Simon)

Apocheiridium ferumoides Chamberlin, new species

(Fig. B-F, H, K-P, R-S, V, X-Y, AA)

Types. FEolotype ^ , JC, 194.01007 ; allotype JC, 194,01008.

Stanford University, California. Under bark of Eucalyptus

globulus.

Other material. Type collection of 260 specimens, Stanford

University, California. Under bark of Eucalyptus globulus. In

addition to this collection I have at hand specimens from the

following localities. California : Berkeley, University of Cali-

fornia campus, under bark of Eucalyptus ; Atherton, San Mateo

County, from under bark of log of Cupressus macrocarpa and

stump of Pinus radiata; Jasper Ridge, San Mateo County, under

bark of dead white oak ; La Honda, San Mateo County, under

bark of Sequoia sempervirens; Big Basin, Santa Cruz County,

under bark of Sequoia sempervirens. In last two collections only

shed skins are included, taken from the abundant moulting nests

present. These nests are often excessively abundant under bark

slabs ; they are pure white, flat, circular silken capsules about 2.3

mm. in diameter. Mexico: a single immature specimen (JC-

179.01005) belonging certainly to this genus and possibly to this

species was presumably taken under the bark of a mesquite tree

at Mulege, Lower California, in company with Garypinus cor-

ticolus J. C. Chamb. It is not entirely impossible that the pres-

ence of this specimen in the vial of Mexican material was for-

tuitous but this appears to be rather doubtful and I am inclined

to believe the record valid. The galea which is entirely typical

is shown in Fig. G.

Diagnosis. Male: Palpi stout (Fig. AA) ; claw strongly turbinate;

tibia relatively short, measuring about 0,8 as long as femur ; carapacal

furrow comparatively deep ; trochanter, anterior margin of femur,

femoral angle and to a slight degree the anterior margin of the tibia,

with numerous large tooth-like tubercles ; carapace and tergites with

typical pseudoscales modified into striking stellate rugosities (Fig. X) ;

sub-basal seta of chelicera distinctly toothed (Fig. D) ; galea of two

stylets, one small, well developed, t 3 ''pically simple, the other much

smaller, vestigial (Fig. H) ; genitalia distinctive (Fig. L & M) ; gen-

ital loops with long pedicels, elbowed near their point of union with

the paired anterior apodeme; genital loop distinctly longer than lateral

diameter of the more or less flattened elliptical x-sac; median loop

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1, NO. 1

strongly acute, V-shaped; 9 grape-like testicular clusters (Fig R) ;

genital sacs large beyond genital loops ; attachments not made out.

Measurements: JC-196.01001. Total length, 1.38 mm. K, 0.383 mm.

Carapace (1.14-0.71, 1.35). Chelicerse (0.27-0.13, 0.2). Palpus (0.6-0.33,

0.51-0.45) (0.47-0.33) (1.0-0.27) (0.82-0.27) (1.24-0.39) (0.64-0.14).

Leg I (0.24-0.41, 0.42-0.47) (0.21-0.17) (0.49-0.18) (0.33-0.12) (0.32-

0.09). Leg IV (0.14-0.52, 0.64-0.62) (0.27-0.18) (0.73-0.15) (0.48-0.14)

(0.43-0.09). Cucullus, 0.22. Abdomen breadth, 2.06.

Female: Essentially as in male; central cribriform plate lightly chit-

inized, with few pores; lateral plates of characteristic irregular shape

(Fig. N), pores apparently very minute; ch^totaxy as indicated.

Measurements: JC-195. 01001. Total length, 1.57 mm. K, 0.394 mm.

Carapace (1.12-0.65, 1.38). Chelicerse (0.25-0.12, 0.19). Palpus (0.59-

0.34, 0.50-0.44) (0.47-0.32) (1.00-0.26) (0.80-0.27) (1.23-0.40) (0.65-

0.15). Leg I (0.27-0.43, 0.41-0.44) (0.20-0.16) (0.48-0.18) (0.32-0.12)

(0.31-0.08) Leg IV (0.15-0.53, 0.65-0.62) (0.26-0.15) (0.73-0.18) (0.48-

0.12) (0.40-0.09). Cucullus, 0.23. Abdomen breadth, 2.06.

Remarks. It is interesting- to note the asymmetrical develop-

ment of the genital loops in specimen shown in Fig. M. Typi-

cally they are as in Fig. R. The lateral cribriform plates of the

female are variably placed, depending upon the amount of dis-

tortion produced in making the preparation. Most closely re-

lated to A. mormon sp. nov.

Apocheiridium mormon Chamberlin, new species

(Fig. J, JL P-Q, Z)

Material. The holotype, ^ JC-188. 01001. Fish Haven (Bear

Lake), Idaho. Coll. J. C. C. Under bark of mountain mahogany

(log in woodpile) . IX/8/21.

Diagnosis. Male: Palpi slender (Fig. Z) ; claw turbinate; tibia rela-

tively long, being about 0.86 as long as femur; granulation of palpus

less prominent than in ferumoides ; carapace and tergites with pseudo-

scales of a rugosely scaled appearance, not stellately roughened as in

ferumoides ] genitalia differs from that of ferumoides in that the x-sac

is somewhat more heavily chitinized ; the median loop is more heavily

chitinized and is anteriorly acutely angled, rather semi-circular in out-

line; genital loops much as in ferumoides, but shorter, and, without the

pedicel, sub-equal to the lateral diameter of the x-sac (Fig. Q). (Due

to faulty preparation genitalia could not be worked out with the accu-

racy and completeness possible in ferumoides.)

Measurements : Total length, 1.35 mm. K, 0.325 mm. Carapace

(1.18-0.68, 1.43). ChelicercT (0.29-0.15, 0.21). Palpus (0.57-0.39, 0.50-

0.43) (0.50-0.32) (1.00-0.23) (0.86-0.24) (1.33-0.36) (0.71-0.14). Leg I

(0.21-0.46, 0.45-0.54) (0.21-0.18) (0.54-0.19) (0.36-0.12) (0.37-0.09).

Leg IV (0.16-0.59, 0.68-0.70) (0.29-0.18) (0.77-0.18) (0.50-0.12) (0.43-

0.10). Cucullus, 0.23. Abdomen breadth, 2.10.

Remarks. Most closely related to ferumoides as indicated by

genitalia. In some respects this species seems to be intermediate

between ferum and ferumoides, not of course in the sense that it

is an intergradation.

JULY, 1924]

CHAMBERLIN CHEIRIDIIN^

Apocheiridium ferum (Simon)

1879, Cheiridium ferum Simon. Arach. France. VII :44; PI. XVII; f. 21.

This species which is native to southern France, Italy and

Sardinia differs very distinctly from the American forms in the

genitalic structures. The carapacal and tergal reticulations are

much as in mormon. It is being fully treated in another paper

and need not be considered further here. In regard to the re-

ported occurence of this species in South Africa see below.

Apocheiridium, un-named new species

1912, Cheiridium ferum Simon, Ellingsen, Ann. South African Mus.

X;86 and 104. (Misdet.)

This species as indicated in the preceding key is not Cheiri-

dium ferum as Ellingsen supposed. It is however most closely

related to ferum with which it agrees in the general type of the

genitalic structures and in the tendency toward the obliteration

of the carapacal furrow. It differs strikingly in the matter of

the scarcity of the large tooth-like granulations so characteristic

of the other forms. The characters used in the key will easily

separate the two species.

Inasmuch as Mr. John Hewitt of the Albany Museum at

Grahamstown is at present working on the Pseudoscorpions of

South Africa I am leaving the formal naming of this species

to him. _

Cheiridium Menge

1855, Cheiridium, Menge, Ueber die Scheerenspinnen, Chernetidse, 36.

Haplotype, Chelifer muscorum Leach. Europe, Cosmopolitan.

Diagnosis : Terminal and basal setae of movable finger of claw absent;

setae spaced as in Fig. U ; claw not turbinate, more or less ovate ; fem-

oral angle obsolete; humeral angle prominent; internal chitin fold of

coxa I absent; but 10 segments visible from above; tergites 1 to 10,

inclusive, divided by a longitudinal suture; movable finger of chelicera

bearing a single small unbranched galea (apparently no sexual dif-

ference) ; anterior blade of flagellum as broad as posterior two com-

bined, with its anterior margin perfectly smooth (Fig. I) ; posterior

margin of trochanter distinctly and acutely angled ; third tergite dis-

tinctly although slightly narrower than others, differentiation not nearly

so marked as in Apocheiridium.

Definitely known to include but two species, the type and a

fossil from the baltic amber, {Cheiridium hartmanni Menge).

Four other species heretofore included in this genus must ulti-

mately be otherwise disposed of. This is impossible to accom-

plish in the absence of material and hence they are here left as an

appendix to the type genus. They are Cheiridium tetrophthal-

mum Daday (really a Garypoid form) ; Cheiridium corticum

Balzan, (possibly belongs to Apocheiridium although this seems

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

doubtful) ; Cheiridium suhtropicum Tullgren and Cheiridium

formosanum Ellingsen, two apparently closely related species,

will at least fall into a distinct genus.

According to Menge, and judging from his rather inadequate

figures, Cheiridium hartmanni is very close to Cheiridium muse-

orum but until a careful examination can be made of actual mate-

rial of this former species no distinguishing line can be drawn

between the two, except that hartmanni appears to be, in general,

sxus-llcr

Cheiridium museorum (Leach)

(Figs. A,I,T,U,W,BB)

1817, Chelifer museorum (Leach), Zool. Miscell. 111:51.

1855, Cheiridium museorum (Leach), Menge, Ueber die Scheerenspin-

nen, Chernetidse; 36 :P1. V; f. 11.

Material examined. Two males (JC-189) obtained by ex-

change from Louis Fage of Paris. Labeled simply as from

“France.”

Diagnosis. Male: Palpi slender, without large tooth-like tubercles

(Fig. BE) ; carapace and tergites strongly tuberculate, of type shown

in Fig. W; genitalia distinctive (Fig. T) ; genital loops much as in

A. ferumoides anterior apodemes heavy, anteriorly fused, basally with

a prominent irregular perforation; median loop almost obliterated,

fused with posterior apodeme which is similarly much contracted.

Measurements: JC, 189.01002. Total length, 1.28 mm.; X, 0.357 mm.

Carapace (0.96-0.52, 1.17). Chelicerae (0.29-0.13, 0.20). Palpus (0.52-

0.29, 0.45-0.39) (0.39-0.32) (1.00-0.22) (0.80-0.28) (1.30-0.39) (0.69-

0.16). Leg I (0.29-0.26, 0.38-0.31) (0.23-0.19) (0.57-0.16) (0.42-0.13)

(0.45-0.10). Leg IV (0.13-0.55, 0.62-0.57) (0.37-0.21) (0.84-0.19) (0.60-

0.14) (0.59-0.10). Cucullus, 0.23. Abdomen breadth, 1.95.

Remarks. Recorded from all of Europe, South Africa, India,

and generally regarded as cosmopolitan.

CAPTIONS FOR FIGURES

Cheiridium museorum Leach, cT^ 189.01002.

A, Carapace and coxse ; dotted lines indicate method of taking coxal

measurements. I, Flagellum. T, Internal chitinous structures of geni-

talia. U, Dorsal aspect of left claw, tactile setae. W, Portion of tergite

showing rugosity. BB, Ventral aspect of left palpus.

Apocheiridium ferumoides sp. nov.

B, General aspect; left, ventral — right, dorsal, cf, 194,01001. C, Mar-

gin of cucullus, note toothed setae. cT^ 194.01001. D, Dorso-lateral aspect

of left chelicera showing tactile setae. 194.0 — . E, Dorso-lateral aspect

of right chelicera. ?, 195.01001. F, Leg I: Vestigial articulation (appar-

ent on one side of leg only) indicated by dotted line. ?, 195.01001. H,

Tips of chelicerae showing galeae. cT^ 194.01001. K, Leg IV : ?, 195.01001.

L, Dorsal aspect of central chitinous structures of male genitalia. cT^

196.01001. M, Ventral aspect of chitinous structures of male genitalia.

d, 196.01001. N, Epyginum, chaetotaxy and cribriform plate. ?, 190,01005.

O, Anus, entirely ventral. ?, 195.01001. R, General aspect of male

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

genitalia in “nncooked” specimen ; note genital sacs and peculiar testi-

cular (?) clusters, d, 194.01001. S, Left anterior spiracle. 194.01001.

V, Portion of anterior margin of femur of palpus showing toothed

falciform setae and tooth-like granulations. 9, 194.01003. X, Portion of

tergite showing “reticulations.” d, 194.01006, Y, Portion of sternite

showing “reticulations.” 9, 195.01001. AA, Ventral aspect of left pal-

pus. 9, 194.0 — . CC, Median maxillary lyrifissure. 9, 194.01003.

Apocheiridium sp. (possibly ferumoides)

G, Galea. O, 179.01005.

Apocheiridium mormon sp. nov. d, 188.01001.

], Ventro-lateral aspect of lingers of claw, tactile setae. P, Coxa of

leg I showing internal lateral chitin fold. Q, Ventral aspect of male

genitalia. (Considerably distorted due to faulty preparation; should

appear more similar to ferumoides except for differences shown in x,

ml and gl.) Z, Ventral aspect of left palpus.

Structural abbreviations used

Tactile setae of claw

t, terminal seta; st, sub-terminal seta; sb, sub-basal seta; b, basal seta.

Without letter prefixed indicates movable finger. With a prefix of

“e” indicates exterior setae of fixed finger; with “i,” interior setae of

fixed finger. , r i v

° betse of chelicerse

gls, galeal seta; is, interior seta; bs, basal seta; sbs, sub-basal seta;

es, extenor seta.

Coxal measurements (A)

1, length; b, breadth; al, accessory length; undesignated line is for

the accessory breadth.

Male genitalia

X, X-sac ; gl, genital loop ; gs, genital sac ; tc, testicular clusters ;

ge, elbow of genital loop pedicel; gp, genital loop pedicel; aap, paired

anterior apodeme ; ml, median loop ; pa, posterior apodeme.

Epyginum

me, median cribriform plate; Ic, lateral cribriform plate.

Miscellaneous

ha, humeral angle; cu, cucullus ; mx, maxilla; fa, femoral angle;

icf, internal lateral chitin fold of coxa I ; cml, median maxillary lyri-

fissure ; ml, lamina maxillaris.

DOLICHOVESPULA DIABOLICA SAUSS. AND ITS

SUPPOSED VARIETY FERNALDI LEWIS

( Hymenoptera, Vespidss)

BY CARL D. DUNCAN

Stanford University, California

A study of the 291 specimens comprised in the collection of

Stanford University and that of the author, and to which one

or the other of the above names may be applied, has led to the

conclusion that they represent but one species which should be

known as Dolichovespula diaholica Sauss., and which is not

JULY, 1924]

DU N CAN DOLI C H 0 VESP UL A

divisible even into varieties. The species was described by H, de

Saussure in 1853.^ D. d. fernaldi is a synonym pure and simple.

Individuals of this species having a pair of yellow spots on the

propodeum, as differing from the typical form in which the

propodeum is entirely black, were in 1897 described by H. W.

Lewis as a distinct species under the name Vespa fernaldi?

Other slight color differences, such as the presence of more yel-

low on the abdominal segments and on the legs, were taken ac-

count of in the description. Lewis based his description on

specimens from Colorado.

Subsequent writers, Cockerelff, Viereck^, and Buysson®, have

considered fernaldi as merely a variety of diaholica. Buysson

says, “Semblable au type, clout elle ne differ que par deux taches

jaunes sur le segment mediaire; par la couleur jaune plus abon-

dante sur le pronotum, les pattes et I’abdomen.” Buysson had,

however, but a single worker, one determined by Lewis and

given to Buysson by Fernald.

The color differences noted by these authors have no tax-

onomic significance whatever, a fact that will be made apparent

by the examination of any large series of specimens, for in mate-

rial from a single locality, or even from a single nest, there may

be found specimens showing every conceivable intergradation

in color pattern between typical D. diabolica and D. d. fernaldi.

The writer has specimens from thirty localities distributed all

the way from Maine to California and from British Columbia

to southeastern Colorado, and the only deduction that is justifi-

able on the basis of this material is that western specimens tend

to have more yellow on them than do eastern ones, a feature that

is characteristic of many widely ranging species of North

American Hymenoptera.

A nest of this species collected at Requa, California, on June

27, 1922, contained 39 workers of which 20 had had the pro-

podeum black, 7 had but a trace of yellow present and 12 had

the spots well developed. A nest collected at Dodson, Mult-

nomah County, Oregon, on July 3, 1923, contained 107 workers,

4 males and 3 queens. Of these, 65 workers, 1 male and 2 queens

had the propodeum black, 4 workers had a trace of yellow pres-

ent, and 38 workers, 3 males and 1 queen had the yellow spots

more or less well developed. The inhabitants of a third nest,

found at Glenbrook, Nevada, on September 12, 1923, showed the

ISaussure, h. de Etud. fam. Vespides, 11:138, 1853.

2Lewis, H. W. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 24:173, 1897.

SCockerell, T. D. A. Ent. News, 12 :40, 1901.

4Viereck, H. L. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 29:69, 1903.

5Buysson, R. du Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 73 :573, 1904

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

same condition, though the proportions of the color variations

were different. Of 60 specimens, 1 male and 2 workers had the

propodeum black, 6 workers possessed just a trace of yellow,

and 1 male, 1 queen and 49 workers had the spots developed in

greater or less degree.

SPIRACLES AS SOUND PRODUCING ORGANS

BY CARL D. DUNCAN

Stanford University, California

During the summer , of 1921, while on a collecting trip in

western Texas in company with Professor and Mrs. G. F. Ferris

of Stanford University, I took a number of specimens of a large

grasshopper which produces a sound by means of its second pair

of thoracic spiracles. The hopper has been tentatively deter-

mined for me by Mr. J. A. G. Rehn of the Philadelphia Academy

of Natural Sciences as Tcsniopoda picticornis. Mr. Rehn sug-

gests that this may not be the correct name as the species com-

posing the group to which this one belongs are poorly understood

and the synonymy much involved.

The sound is of about the intensity of that resulting when two

pieces of writing paper are rubbed together and is produced by

the spewing out through the second thoracic, spiracles of a small

quantity of watery liquid at each exhalation. Many tiny bubbles

are formed each time the sound is produced. These vary a great

deal in number, being at times hardly noticeable and again

forming a mass a good three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter.

Immediately after being formed the bubbles disappear, leaving

an area around the spiracles that is wet for a second or so.

There are no grounds for doubt as to the mechanism by means

of which the sound is produced, for in addition to the fact that

it is obviously synchronous with the exhalation of air from the

tracheae and the formation of the bubbles noted, it is exactly the

sort of sound that one associates with the spewing of a mixture

of air and liquid through a small hole, its intensity varies accord-

ing to the amount of bubbles produced, and the sound ceases

(entirely when the production of bubbles ceases, as it does shortly

(apparently due to a using up of the supply of liquid available)

if the hoppers be continuously stimulated for a time. More-

over, the sound may be produced by nymphs as well as adults,

thus eliminating the wings as stridulatory organs, and it may

be produced even though the legs of the hoppers be held per-

fectly still. The sound is apparently under full control of the

JULY, 1924] DUNCAN SOUND PRODUCING ORGANS

insects and as far as I could learn, is produced only when they

are disturbed.

These observations were confirmed by Professor and Mrs.

Ferris.

The hoppers were taken on mesquite and acacia bushes, on

the flowers of which they were feeding, in Brewster County, at

the point where the road from Marathon to Glen Springs crosses

Tornillo Creek.

A NEW WESTERN DOLICHOPODID

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, N. Y.

Tetrechus spinitarsis M. C. Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 5 mm. Face yellow, narrowed in the middle, rounded

below. Front green, dulled with white pollen. Antennse yellow. Third

joint darker, small, rounded; first joint large and thick, upper surface

with very stiff and very black hairs, which are longer apically and

extend beyond the tip of the joint; arista very long and slender, about

twice as long as the face, black, its tip widening into a lamella, the

basal portion of which is white, apical part velvety black. Orbital cilia

wholly black.

Dorsum of thorax green with blue reflections and brown pollen,

which becomes gray on the lateral edges ; pleurae with the pollen more

yellowish; one large, curved bristle and several stiff black hairs above

each fore coxa; scutellum a little flattened on each side, so as to form

a slight ridge in the center, with one pair of large and one pair of small

bristles on the margin. Abdomen green, quite thickly covered with

white pollen and with long black hair ; venter with long black hair.

Hypopygium green; upper surface of basal half covered with yellow

tomentum, which becomes white posteriorly, a cluster of long, stiff,

black hairs near the base on the left side and a few long, slender, pale

hairs below these; outer lamella large, yellow, a little wider than long,

the apical edge indented in the middle, so as to form two slightly convex

lobes, fringed with pale hairs ; they have rather long, black hairs on

the surface, especially near the edges, inserted in minute black dots;

the inner appendages are a pair of yellow, rather long, nearly bare

organs ; another pair of yellow organs, half as long as the others with

two hairs at tip, and a pair of stout, black hooks near the base.

Fore coxae yellow, distinctly blackened at extreme base, anterior sur-

face covered with yellow pollen and black hairs, which are longer near

the base; without bristles at tip. Middle coxae blackish, their anterior

surface yellow from the tip to above the middle ; this yellow color seems

to be caused partly by yellow pollen ; front also with many black bristly

hairs ; hind cox^e wholly blackish. All femora and tibiae yellow ; middle

femora slightly blackened at base, hind ones distinctly so ; extreme tip

of posterior femora and narrow base and tip of their tibiae black. All

femora bare on lower edge; anterior pair with stiff black hairs on

posterior surface ; middle ones with a row of short black bristles on

lower anterior edge; hind femora with one preapical bristle. Fore

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

tibia with two rows of black bristles above; the bristles on posterior

edge slightly flattened, the irregular row on anterior edge more slender ;

the bristles forming both rows of nearly equal length. Fore tibise and

tarsi covered with silverjr white pollen. Middle and hind tibise not

thickened, their bristles rather long. Fore tarsi wholly yellow; middle

tarsi black from tip of the first joint; hind tarsi wholly black; all joints

of middle and hind tarsi drawn out into a spine at lower apical corner,

except the last joint of middle, and last two joints of hind tarsi, which

are normal. Joints of fore tarsi 26-14-8-5-9; of middle tarsi 55-24-17-

9-13 ; those of hind tarsi 55-44-28-17-18 fiftieths of a millimeter. Calyp-

ters and halteres pale yellow, cilia of the former black.

Wings nearl}^ hyaline, without a spot at tip; last section of fourth

vein bent near its basal third ; third and fourth veins approaching each

other at tip; last section of fifth vein scarcely as long as the cross-vein.

Described from one male taken in the Giant Forest, Tulare

County, California, July 16, 1923, by C. L. Fox, at an altitude

of 9,000 feet.

Type No. 1596 in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

Although this is very much like the sanus O. S., I think it

is no doubt distinct. They are alike in the form of hypopygium

and its appendages, the wings are almost alike, also the gen-

eral color of the legs, still the color of these differ, the middle

femora in sanus being more decidedly infuscated at base and

the hind ones have the black much more extended ; base of hind

tibiae sharply black in this new form and wholly yellow in sanus.

The fore coxae in sanus have several quite large bristles near the

tip on outer edge of anterior surface, in this form there are no

bristles on the fore coxae. The bristles of the fore tibiae are

very different in the two forms : in spinitarsis the posterior row

are of very nearly equal length throughout, the anterior row

has the bristles irregularly placed and not longer than those of

the posterior row, while in sanus the bristles of the anterior row

are nearly twice as long as those of posterior row, the apical

bristles of which are shorter than those near the base. The

lamellae of the arista are slightly more elongated and more grad-

ually tapering at base in the new species, still this would not be

noticed unless the two were seen together. Although the middle

and hind tarsi of sanus have little bristles at the tips of the joints,

they do not have the large spine that is very characteristic of this

new species.

JULY, 1924]

ESSIG — ECONOMIC NOTES

ECONOMIC NOTES

BY E. 0. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

The small gray weevil, Melamomphus sordidus (Horn) (Am-

nesia), was taken in great numbers in the commercial currant

patches near Hayward, California, in April, 1924. So abundant

were they that the bushes on about two acres were almost en-

tirely stripped of their bark. The adults were determined by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

The thistle butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Linn.), and the malva

butterfly, V. caryce (Hbn.), have been exceedingl}^ abundant in

Central and Southern California this spring. Large migrations

have apparently been due to the short rainfall and the drying up

of much of the natural breeding grounds. Many cultivated

plants have been infested by the caterpillars. Of the two species,

the former appears to have been the most numerous.

Very serious injury to pear trees has been wrought by the

hibernating form of the pear leaf blister mite, Eriophyes pyri

(Pagen.), during the past winter. The warm period during

February caused unusual feeding activity of the mites, which,

in many orchards, completely destroyed the whole interior of

the buds, resulting in considerable damage in many parts of

California. The recommended November sprayings were de-

layed until December and January on account of lack of rain,

and were applied too late for control. This is a clear case

illustrating the importance of the early fall control of this pest.

Mr. F. H. Wymore is securing some very fundamental and

important data relative to the habits and control of the garden

centipede, Scutigerella immaculafa (Newport). This minute

animal is a serious pest in the asparagus fields of California

and is becoming increasingly important as a garden and field

crop pest in many of the Western States. Flooding and soil

fumigants are giving some very satisfactory results.

THE PAN'PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

For some time the entomologists of the west coast region

have felt the need of an organ representing their special branch

of scientific research. For a few years the Pomona Journal of

Entomology supplied this want in a measure^ but it soon became

more of an institutional publication, with entomology as but one

interest among a number of others. Prof. C. F. Baker’s Inverte-

brata Pacifica was of necessity too restricted in its interests to

fully supply the need. In the earlier years such journals as Zoe

and the West American Scientist published many papers on

insects and in a degree were representative of the entomological

work being done on the west coast. For some time past, how-

ever, the principal medium of entomological publication in the

west has been through the various scientific societies and insti-

tutions. Foremost among such institutional publications is the

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, which, dur-

ing certain periods, has devoted a considerable portion of its

pages to entomological material. Other west coast societies

giving space in their publications to matter relating to insects

are the Southern California Academy of Sciences, the San

Diego Society of Natural History, the Lorquin Natural History

Club, the Pacific Coast Entomological Society, the Entomolog-

ical Society of British Columbia and the British Columbia Pro-

vincial Museum of Natural History at Victoria. Certain uni-

versities and colleges have also devoted a portion of their

publication funds to entomological papers, among which may

be mentioned the University of California, Stanford University,

the State College of Washington at Pullman, and others. These

organs of publication have at best accounted for but a portion

of the output of the entomological workers in the west, the largest

percentage having always been handled by the eastern ento-

mological serials. A few years ago an effort was made to start

an entomological journal here, to be called the Pacific Coast

Entomologist, but the uncertaint}'' of the war conditions then

developing made the undertaking inadvisable at that time. Now,

JULY, 1924]

EDITORIAL

however, our western workers feel that the time is ripe for

launching a regular entomological periodical which shall ade-

quately represent the work being done in the west, and have very

loyally put their hands into their own pockets for the funds to

assure the new journal a proper start, the organization of this

work having been undertaken by a special publication com-

mittee of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society. In addition

to the funds so raised the Council of the California Academy of

Sciences, following the broad-minded policy characteristic of

that institution, has agreed to extend to the new venture a very

considerable financial backing. A similar action has been taken

by the officials of Stanford University, and is under considera-

tion by other institutions.

This financial backing cannot be considered in the light of a

permanent endowment, and the new journal must depend to

quite an extent upon the support of entomological workers and

scientific institutions and libraries, not only in the west but

throughout the east and in other countries, and all such are

respectfully requested to send in their subscriptions on the blank

forms enclosed in this initial number. The subscription price

has been fixed at $2 per year of four quarterly numbers, each

number to contain 48 pages. If this journal meets with the

encouragement it hopes to receive in the form of subscriptions,

it is the plan of the publication committee to increase the num-

ber of pages, and possibly later a more frequent issue may be

possible.

It is with some diffidence that the committee has adopted the

rather ambitious sounding title of Pan-Paciiic Entomologist, but,

situated as we are upon the threshold of the great Pacific region,

which, while partially served by the Proceedings of the Ha-

waiian Entomological Society and the Philippine Journal of

Science, is without adequate representation in the field of ento-

mological journalism, we feel it almost incumbent upon us to

cover that field as well as we can. We must therefore look to

the entomologists in that great and scattered field, for their sup-

port in contributions, both of funds and of papers for publica-

tion, dealing with the insects of their region, to the end that this

journal may really be worthy of its title.

PERSONALS

Mr. Frederick Muir, of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Asso-

ciation at Honolulu, and family, are spending the months of

June and July at Fallen Leaf Lake Lodge, near Lake Tahoe,

California.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 1

Mr. C. L. Fox will spend the months from May to July col-

lecting in the region from Klamath Falls, Oregon, north to The

Dalles.

Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke will have charge of the summer field

class in entomology of the University of California, during the

months of June and July. His camp will be associated with that

of the forestry students of the University of California at

Meadow Valley, near Quincy, Plumas County, California.

Prof. W. B. Herms left Berkeley on April 10th for the Fan-

ning Islands, where he is to spend some months investigating

the insect fauna of the cocoanuts. He will also make as complete

a biological survey as possible of the islands. Mr. Harold Kirby,

a graduate student, is accompanying him.

Mr. W. W. Henderson, President of Brigham Young College

at Logan, Utah, took his Ph.D. degree this summer at the

University of California. Mr. Henderson’s special investigations

have had to do with the Orthoptera of Utah.

Mr. and Mrs. Walter M. Giffard of Honolulu have been

spending some weeks in San Francisco. Mr. Giffard is engaged

upon a monographic revision of the Hawaiian species of

Oliarus, a difficult complex of closely related species, as found

on those islands.

It is with regret that we have to chronicle the death of Prof.

A. A. Lovett at his home at Gorvallis, Oregon. He died April

25th of complications following an attack of septic sore throat.

Professor Lovett was born August 23, 1885, at Neal, Kansas.

He was graduated from the Oklahoma Agricultural and Me-

chanical College, and was assistant professor in charge of the

department of entomology at that college before his appoint-

ment to the staff of the Oregon Agricultural College. He was an

active productive worker in economic entomology, but also

found time to do excellent systematic work on the Diptera, his

special interest being with the family Syrphidae.

Professor and Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell of the University of

Colorado, arrived in San Francisco on June 16th. Mrs. Cock-

erell is to leave shortly for a cruise to Papeete and New Zealand,

returning by way of Samoa, while Professor Cockerell remains to

work over the bees in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences, going on in July to the meetings of the Pan-Pacific

Conference at Honolulu.

Another welcome visitor at the Academy of Sciences was

Dr. J. M. Aldrich of the National Museum, Washington, D. C,,

who arrived June 18th, and is to spend a few days studying the

Diptera in the Academy collection of insects.

Vol.I

October, 1924

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

COCKERELLj ANTHOPHORID BEES

COCKERELLj BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA

SPULER, NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SPHiEROCERA . .

NAGEL, A NEW FORM OF LUCANID

VAN DUZEE, M. C., NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PARAPHROSYLUS

ANNAND, A NEW SPECIES OF ADELGES

BLAISDELL, NEW FORMS OF CONIONTIS

BLAISDELLj A NEW CENTRIOPTERA

CHAMBERLIN, HESPEROCHERNES LAURiE

PERSONALS

ECONOMIC NOTES

EDITORIAL COMMENT

San Francisco, California

1924

. 49

. 57

. 66

. 72

. 73

. 79

. 83

. 87

. 89

. 92

. 93

. 95

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada; $2.25 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

be sent to the treasurer. Dr, F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California. Make checks payable to the “Pan-

Pacific Entomologist.”

Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for the

back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publica-

tion if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. A. Doane

E. C, Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

W. W. Henderson, Logan, Utah

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke^ Associate Editor

F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., Treasurer

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. I, No. 2. October, 1924

ANTHOPHORID BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY T. D. A. COCKEREBB

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Centris atripes ferrisi Cockerell, new subspecies

Female. Resembles C. atripes Mocsary, but hair of thorax paler,

of middle tibiae on outer side very pale, nearly white, of hind tibiae

externally very pale brownish-grey, the large apical tuft very broadly

dark brown; apex of abdomen with hair more or less pallid. Easily

known from C. rhodopus Ckll. by the narrower face and dark legs.

La Paz, Lower California, June 29, 1919, 2 2 (G. F. Ferris).

Centris trichosoma Cockerell

This is to be added to the fauna of California, four males

having been taken by E. P. Van Duzee at Coachella, May 16,

1917.

Emphoropsis murina Cockerell

Both sexes from San Francisco, California, April 20 (Van

Dyke). This is certainly a species distinct from E. murihirta,

to which I originally referred it as a subspecies. But for the

fact that the male clypeus is entirely creamy white except for

a rather narrow stripe on either lateral margin and the usual

spots, instead of having a “subtrefoil mark,’" this might be

referred to H. miserahilis (Cresson). Possibly murina and

miserahilis are forms of one species, but this can only be deter-

mined by a larger series showing intergradation. The female

has the face and scape entirely black. Unfortunately, the

exact type-locality of H. miserahilis is unknown, but PVwler

collected what he regarded as this species at San Francisco.

Emphoropsis depressa (Fowler)

Nothing had been heard of this species since Fowler pub-

lished it in 1899, but a female before me was collected by E. C.

Van Dyke in the hills back of Oakland, April 16, 1911. The

50 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

species is easily known by the depressed tawny hair on the

abdomen.

Emphoropsis interspersa Cockerell

Two males, Mokeltimne Hill, California, April (Blaisdell).

Previously known only from a specimen labeled “California”

without other data. These specimens differ from the type in

having long white hair on the first ventral abdominal segment,

and in one specimen white hair at the sides of segments 3

and 4. In one specimen the scape is all black; in the other it

has a small white mark near base. The specimen with entirely

black scape has the lateral face-marks deeply incised above,

and is the one with the most white hair on abdomen beneath.

The species is evidently variable, but the specimens must cer-

tainly be referred to E. interspersa. There is no light mark on

mandibles.

Clisodon syringe (Cockerell)

This was described in 1898 from males collected by Kincaid

at Olympia, Washington, and has not been reported since. I

have before me numerous specimens collected by Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke at Meadow Valley, Plumas County, California (alti-

tude 3500-4000 feet) ; a male June 8, 1924, females June 5 to

23, 1924. The female, hitherto unknown, differs from C. ter-

minalis (Cresson) by the abundant black hair, that of the

pleura being all black to black with a broad white band in

front. The abdomen is black-haired on segments 2 to 4; legs

black-haired with shining white hairs anteriorly on hind tibice

and base of basitarsi ; cheeks with black hairs.

It would be possible to regard this insect as a peculiar

melanic race of C. terminalis, and as the latter is itself a race

of the European C. furcatus (Panzer), the name would then be

C. furcatus syringce. There is, however, a similar form, Cliso-

don norvegicus {Megilla furcata var. norvegica Nylander)

found in Norway and Lapland, which has generally been

treated as a race of C. furcatus, but Strand has given appar-

ently good reasons for considering it as a distinct species. The

independent development of a melanic Clisodon in two regions

so remote is a matter of interest.

Anthophora texana Cresson

A female from Santa Monica, California, presented by F. C.

OCTOBER, 1924]

COCKERELL ANTHOPHORID BEES

Clark. By the rufous tegulse this falls with A. texana, but the

separation of this from A. calif ornica Cresson is uncertain.

Anthophora sodalis Cresson

Female from Fremont National Forest, Klamath County,

Oregon, June 18, 1922. Altitude, 5000 feet (Van Dyke). New

to Oregon.

Anthophora Washington: Cockerell

Female from Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, Cali-

fornia, April 26, 1919 (Van Duzee).

Anthophora ignava Cresson

Female: Lagunitas, Marin County, California, April 24,

(Van Dyke).

Anthophora pacifica Cresson

Males : Lagunitas, Marin County, California, March 9, (Van

Dyke) ; Mill Valley, Marin County, California, March 4 (Van

Duzee). This is presumably the male of A. ignava as Fowler

indicated, but biological observations are desirable.

Anthophora aterrima Cockerell, new species

Female (type): Length about 14 mm., anterior wing 11 mm.;

black with entirely black hair, except that in certain lights a part of

the hair on underside of abdomen shines reddish-golden, and there

is a little pale hair at apex of middle tibiae on outer side; tegulae

black; wings dilute brownish; mandibles bidentate.

Male less robust; hair nearly all black, white on face, long on

upper part; on thorax all black varying to broadly pale reddish an-

teriorly; hind basitarsi with a strong thorn-like tooth, strongly bul-

bous basally. Clypeus, subclypeal band, space between clypeus and

eye (concave above), labruni (except margin and spots), mark on

base of mandibles and scape in front, cream-color. Third antennal

joint short. The abdomen has a pair of widely separated apical

spines, the interval between them broadly rounded.

Type, female. No. 1576, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, in June, 1924, at Meadow Valley, Plumas

County, California, at 3500 to 4000 feet altitude. Paratypes,

two males taken at same place, June 5 to 22, 1924,

Nearest to A. pernigra Cresson, from Nevada, but that has

the fifth abdominal segment above covered with bright orange-

fulvous hair. Possibly A. aterrima is a race of pernigra, which

is known from a single female. It is remarkable that Meadow

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Valley produces melanic forms of Anthophora and Clisodon.

Do other insects (e. g., Lepidoptera) of that locality show

melanic tendencies?

Anthophora stanfordiana Cockerell

Male: Shasta County, California, June 26 (J. A. Kusche).

The pale hair on thorax and first two segments of abdomen is

much lighter, less fulvous, than in typical specimens.

Anthophora urbana Cresson

Female : Needles, California, December 5, 1921 ( J. A.

Kusche). Peculiar for the almost total absence of dark hair

on thorax above, only a little showing on scutellum, but part

of the thorax is denuded. The abdominal bands are very light

and the hind margin of the segments broadly whitish.

Subgenus Micranthophora Cockerell

Anthophora nigritula Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 8 mm,; black with pale grey hair; on

vertex, mesothorax (except margins) and disc of scutellum it is

black; on thorax anteriorly is a transverse band of erect black hairs;

broad lower margin of clypeus (not sending any projection upward),

narrow supraclypeal band, labrum (except margin and the usual

spots) and large patch on base of mandibles, all pale yellow; eyes

bluish-green; antennae dark, the flagellum obscure reddish beneath;

cheeks with long white hair; tegulae dark, with pallid margins;

wings faintly brownish, nervures dark; spurs pale ferruginous; hair

on inner side of hind tarsi black; abdomen covered with appressed

pale grey tomentum, broadly bare at base of second segment except

at sides; apical triangular area of fifth segment dark brown, rather

obscure.

Type, female. No. 1575, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by

E. P. Van Duzee, July 18, 1919, altitude 7000 feet, at Hunting-

ton Lake, Fresno County, California.

In my key (Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., xxxii, pp. 66) this runs

nearest to A. anstrutheri Ckll., but is much smaller with pubes-

cence differing in many details, and the labrum conspicuously

shorter, more truncate. The marginal cell is also shorter. The

short pale labrum and other characters readily distinguish it

from A. curta Provancher.

Anthophora curta Provancher

Male : Poway, San Diego County, California, April 2,

(Blaisdell).

OCTOBER, 1924] COCKERELL ANTHOPHORID BEES

Anthophora flexipes Cresson

Male: Huntington Lake, California, 7000 feet, July 8, 1919

(Van Duzee). Female. Strawberry Valley, El Dorado County,

California, August 14 (Van Dyke).

Anthophora anstrutheri Cockerell

Female: Millbrae, San Mateo County, California, Septem-

ber 1 (Van Dyke).

Xenoglossa PATRICIA ANGUSTioR Cockerell

Female: Sierra Madre, Los Angeles County, California (J. I.

Carlson),

Xenoglossa angelica Cockerell

Near Lodi, San Joaquin County, California, August (Blais-

dell).

Dasiapis ochracea Cockerell

Male: San Diego, California (Blaisdell). Described from

New Mexico.

Diadasia nigrifrons (Cresson)

Male: San Diego, California, April 19 (Blaisdell).

Diadasia australis mimetica Cockerell, new subspecies

Female. Length, 12-12.5 mm.; flagellum very obscure reddish

beneath; thorax above with bright fox-red hair; tegulae very dark,

nearly black; wings greyish; second cubital cell narrow, oblique,

parallel-sided, receiving recurrent nervure at about the beginning of

its last third; third cubital cell longer than first, narrowed more

than half to marginal; scopa of hind legs tawny reddish; hind spur

strongly curved at end; first abdominal segment with pale ochreous

hair, but no distinct bands; segments 2 to 4 with very sharply de-

fined fulvous bands, only slightly narrowed sublaterally, the portion

before the bands very black, with short black hair; fifth segment

with long fulvous hair, greyish-chocolate at apex.

Type, female. No. 1577, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by

E. P. Van Duzee, May 16, 1919, on Santa Cruz Island, Cali-

fornia. Paratypes, two females, same data.

Perhaps to be considered a distinct species, D. mimetica,

but evidently derived from the D. australis stock. It has an

extraordinary superficial resemblance to the Mexican Ptilothrix

sumichrasti (Cresson), but is easily separated by the venation.

54 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Diadasia crassicauda Cockerell

Male: Poway, San Diego County, California, May 9 (Blais-

dell). Differs from the type by the strongly ochreous tint of

the pubescence.

Diadasia blaisdelli Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 10.5 mm.; robust, black, covered with

warm ochreous pubescence, becoming white beneath; face broad;

eyes distinctly converging below; mandibles light ferruginous in

middle; clypeus dull, somewhat shining toward apex, with coarse

irregular punctures; flagellum dusky red beneath; mesothorax dull,

without evident punctures, hairy all over; tegulae large, rather pale

dull reddish; wings dusky hyaline, stigma ferruginous, nervures fus-

cous; second cubital cell strongly narrowed above, receiving recur-

rent nervure not far from end; third cubital longer than first; small

joints of tarsi clear ferruginous; scopa of hind legs very pale,

ochreous-tinted; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi bright ferru-

ginous; abdomen with long pale hair at base, otherwise densely cov-

ered dorsally with appressed yellowish-fulvous hair, bright ferru-

ginous at end of fifth segment; ventral segments with double bands,

the marginal one very pale, the one just before it consisting of light

red hair.

Type, female. No. 1578, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

F. E. Blaisdell, May 3, 1885, at Poway, San Diego County,

California.

This cannot be the female of D. crassicauda because the mar-

ginal cell is conspicuously shorter and proportionately broader

than in that species, and the stigma is larger. The second cubital

cell is also differently shaped. In my key (Amer. Naturalist,

xxxix, p. 742) it runs to Dasiapis ochracea, but is really quite

distinct, differing by the hair on abdomen not so dense, the red

color at end of fifth segment, the much longer hind knee-plate,

the thicker and darker nervures, and the second cubital cell

more contracted above. The eyes are narrower than in D. och^

racea. When the male is known this species may have to be

transferred to Dasiapis.

From Diadasia laiicauda Ckll. this species is easily known

by the dull clypeus.

Diadasia bituberculata (Cresson)

Male : Sobre Vista, Sonoma County, California, May 12

(J. A. Kusche).

OCTOBER, 1924 ] COCKERELL ANTHOPHORID BEES

Tetralonia lata (Provancher)

Female: Hills back of Oakland, California, April 30 (Van

Dyke).

Tetralonia robertsoni Cockerell

Female: Mill Valley, Marin County, California, April 21

(Van Duzee). T. robertsoni was described from Washington,

D. C., but Baker took a specimen, which I could not separate

from it, at Claremont, California. We now have another from

Mill Valley. However, except for the absence of white hair

on the abdomen (and I can see very minute traces of white

at sides of third and fourth segments) the insect resembles

T. lata. It is apparently what Fowler considered to be T. acerha

(Cresson), of which Cresson states that the white hair on

abdomen may be obsolete, but the dark wings distinguish it

from true T. oicerba from Nevada.

Where T. robertsoni flies in the Atlantic coast region there

is no T. lata; it is possible that the Pacific Coast “robertsoni'^

is to be separated and is in fact a melanic form of T. lata. It

is also possible that T. lata is a coast race of T. acerba. These

questions must be settled by observers in California.

Tetralonia atriventris (Smith)

Female: Park City, Utah, July 2, 1922 (Van Duzee). A

species of the Eastern States, unexpected in Utah, but appar-

ently the Utah insect is quite the same.

Melissodes calloleuca Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 11 mm.; anterior wing nearly 9 mm.; hair

of head and thorax above silky white, but posterior three-fifths of

mesothorax and disc of scutellum bare, highly polished, with scat-

tered punctures, the posterior middle of mesothorax almost without

punctures; eyes bluish-green; facial quadrangle broader than long;

clypeus rugose, shining and sparsely punctured above; flagellum,

except at base, bright ferruginous beneath; cheeks with long white

hair; tegulae dark reddish with a tuft of pale hair; pleurae with pale

hair; wings brownish hyaline, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous;

anterior and middle legs with brown hair, that on middle tibiae more

or less pallid on outer side; scopa of hind legs white, but rusty

black on inner side of hind basitarsi; abdomen with three brilliant

white hair-bands on segments 2 to 4, those on 3 and 4 broad and

alike, that on 2 more or less failing in middle; dark parts of abdo-

men with short black hair, on apex of fifth segment and all of sixth

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

seal-brown; first segment with hind margin rufous; venter with

dark brown hair.

Type, female, No. 1579, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, July 12, 1922, at Saltair, Utah. Paratypes:

three females, same data as type and one female, Saltair, June

29, 1922. Very similar to M. sphceralcecB Ckll., but easily sep-

arated by the dark hair on inner side of hind basitarsi, and

pure white abdominal bands, as well as the thoracic pubescence.

In my key (with MS additions) it runs to the vicinity of

M. lavata Ckll. ined., but is smaller and certainly distinct.*

In the published key M. lavata runs to the vicinity of M.

blakei Ckll. and M. mizecB Ckll., but is distinguished by the

white hair of head and thorax above, and other characters.

Melissodes metenua Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 9 mm., anterior wing, 7.5 mm.; black,

with mainly black hair; facial quadrangle slightly broader than

long; eyes bluish-green; hair of head coarse, entirely black; man-

dibles stout, with no inner tooth; clypeus dullish; strongly and

densely punctured; supraclypeal area polished, impunctate in middle;

front shining; flagellum dusky ferruginous beneath except at base;

thorax with black hair, but dull white along anterior border of meso-

thorax and on metathorax posteriorly; mesothorax and scutellum

shining, with weak punctures; tegulse black; wings dusky, nervures

dark; stigma very short, dark reddish; second cubital cell broad,

receiving recurrent nervure not far from end; legs with mainly black

hair, but middle tibiae have a large wedge-shaped patch of white

tomentum behind, and the long scopa on outer face of hind tibiae

is creamy- white ; spurs brown; abdomen shining, with black hair at

base; hind margins of first two segments rufescent; short oblique

lines of white hair at sides of second segment; third and fourth seg-

ments with transverse bands of dull white hair; apex with dark

chocolate hair. The tuft of hair on tegulae is black.

Type, female, No. 1580, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, July 30, 1918, at Colestin, Jackson County,

Oregon. The name means black hair in a Malay dialect. Re-

sembles M. hymenoxidis Ckll., but has a narrower face and

much more black hair.

* Melissodes lavata was found by Dr. Lutz at Wray, Colorado, in

August. The female is about 13 mm. long, anterior wings 10.3 mm.; head

and thorax with long, white hair, wholly without black or fulvous; flagel-

lum beyond second joint chestnut-red beneath; abdomen with pure white

hair bands on segments 2 to 4, on 2 and 3 rather narrow, on 4 broad and

entire. Differs from M. glenwoodensis Ckll. by the broader face, hair on

outer side of middle tarsi light, brown tomentum covering concealed parts

of abdominal segments, etc.

OCTOBER, 1924]

COCKERELL ANDRENA

BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA IN THE

COLLECTION OF THE CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Boulder y Colorado

Andrena nigroc^rulea Cockerell

Females: San Francisco, California, April 11 (Van Duzee).

Male: Berkeley, California, April 22 (Van Dyke).

Andrena mimetica Cockerell

Male : Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona,

March 26, 27 (V. W. Owen). -

Andrena mimetica falli Cockerell

Perhaps a distinct species; readily known from A. mimetica

by the dusky wings. The following localities are all in Cali-

fornia: Claremont, 6 (C. H. Muzzall) ; Soboba Springs,

Riverside County, June 5, 6 $ (Van Duzee) ; Sob re Vista,

Sonoma Co., June 12, 6 (J. A. Kusche) ; South Sonoma

County, June 22, 2 (Kusche) ; Tallac, Eldorado County,

August 6 (F. E. Blaisdell) ; Bradley, Monterey County, May

23, 6 (Van Duzee) ; Mount St. Helena, Napa County, June 9,

2 (Van Duzee) ; Yosemite Valley, June 3, 2 (Van Dyke).

Andrena pru norum Cockerell

Male: Soboba Springs, Riverside County, June 5 (Van

Duzee) .

Andrena prunorum arizonensis (Viereck and

Cockerell)

Male: Santa Monica, California (F. C. Clark). This was

based on a female from Oracle, Arizona, and was treated as

a distinct species. It appears to be a form or race of prunorum,

the male differing by its black abdomen, antennae and femora.

In the original description we said: ‘Tt is probably a race of

prunorum”

Andrena subtristis Cockerell

Female: San Francisco, California, April 20 (Van Dyke).

Described from Los Angeles.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Andrena CANDIDA Smith

Female : Soboba Springs, Riverside Co., California, June 1

(Van Duzee).

Andrena cerasifolh Cockerell

Males : Vivian Park, Utah, July 7 (Van Duzee) ; Salt Lake

City, Utah, July 1 (Van Duzee). Described from Santa Fe,

New Mexico.

Andrena semicyanea Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 15 mm., anterior wing, 11 mm.; head and

thorax black with abundant pale hairs, very pale ochreous dorsally;

on cheeks, face and pleura dull white; abdomen rich dark blue, dull,

without evident punctures, without bands, but a little white hair at

extreme sides of segments, forming a little patch on second; caudal

fimbria dark reddish brown. Head broad, facial quadrangle very

much broader than long; malar space linear; process of labrum

pointed, with a round apical swelling; clypeus convex, finely and

closely punctured, with a rather inconspicuous median raised line;

front dull with a median keel; facial foveae broad, seen from above

white with a slight reddish tint, extending below level of antennae;

third antennal joint longer than next two together, but not as long

as next three; flagellum very faintly brown beneath; mesothorax

and scutellum dull, mostly hidden by hair; scutellum a little shining

anteriorly; area of metathorax dull and minutely granular; tegulae

dark brown, very hairy; wings deep fuliginous; stigma dark brown,

rather slender; second cubital cell broad, receiving recurrent ner-

vure near middle; legs black, femora with long white hair; tibiae

with very dark brown hair; hair of tarsi paler, greyish brown, on

inner side light reddish; spurs pale reddish; abdomen broad and

rather flattened.

Type, female, No. 1581, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. C. Van Dyke, May 16, 1909, on the hills back of Oak-

land, California. A very handsome species close to A. sub-

tilis Smith, but separated by the dark wings and reddish black

(instead of pale fulvous) hair on hind tibiae.

Andrena carissima Cockerell, new species

Female. Length a little over 10 mm.; head, thorax and legs

black, abdomen dark glaucous green, with the hind margins of the

segments broadly dark purplish; hair of thorax above, including

tubercles, very light ferruginous; of pleurae and sides of metathorax

white. Head broad, facial quadrangle much broader than long;

hair of head dull white, thin on face, pale fulvous on vertex; malar

OCTOBER, 1924]

COCKERELL ANDRENA

Space very short; third antennal joint slightly if at all longer than

next two together; flagellum very obscurely brownish beneath; cly-

peus dull and minutely granular above, the lower part closely punc-

tured and shining, with a short subapical keel; facial fovese broad;

occupying about two-thirds distance between antennae and orbit;

seen from above light greyish brown, going a short distance below

level of antennae; mesothorax dull, without evident punctures; area

of metathorax dull, without evident sculpture; tegulae shining dark

red-brown; wings greyish, stigma dusky red with dark margin, ner-

vures fuscous; second cubital cell broad, receiving recurrent nervure

near middle; femora with long white hair; tibiae and tarsi with

dark brown, hind tibiae with long brilliant white hair in front; hind

knees with dark hair; spurs light brown; abdomen shining, not evi-

dently punctured under a lens (the microscope shows very fine scat-

tered punctures), not banded; second segment depressed slightly

more than a third of the visible part; caudal fimbria dark brown;

ventral segments with thin fringes of long white hair.

Type, female, No. 1582, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. 1. Carlson, March 26, 1918, at Clifton, Arizona. Paratype,

one female, same data. A very beautiful and distinct species,

easily known by the color of the thoracic hair and metallic

abdomen.

Andrena blaisdelli Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 11.3 mm.; black, with the hair entirely

black, except that it has a slight rusty tint on tarsi, and the caudal

fimbria is dark chocolate; facial quadrangle much broader than

long; clypeus covered all over with dense, small punctures, with no

trace of a smooth line on ridge, only the middle of upper margin

shining; malar space linear; process of labrum long, narrowly trun-

cate, the apex thickened; third antennal joint longer than next two

together; flegellum dark brown beneath; facial foveae broad, very

dark brown, going below level of antennae; face with much out-

standing hair; mesothorax and scutellum dull, the punctures minute;

area of metathorax hardly defined, rugulose at base; tegulae black,

obscurely reddish posteriorly; wings brownish hyaline; stigma very

dark reddish; second cubital cell of moderate size, receiving first

recurrent nervure beyond middle, about as far from end as second

recurrent from end of third cubital; spurs dark; abdomen shining,

finely punctured, not banded, the hind margins of segments ob-

scurely reddish; second segment depressed over a third, but less

than a half.

Type, female, No. 1583, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

F. E. Blaisdell, May 18, 1890, at San Diego, California.

Closely related to A. subtristis Ckll. from Los Angeles, but

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. I, NO. 2

smaller, and conspicuously differing by the broad, smooth hind

margin of abdominal segments, the long erect (depressed in

subtristis) hair of hind tibiae, and the much more slender hind

basitarsi. It is also related to A. caliginosa Vier. and A. niger-

rima Casad.

Andrena surda (Cockerell)

Described (1910) as A. hirticincta surda, and hitherto only

known from males collected in Colorado, A female collected

at Paraiso Springs, Monterey County, California, September

29, 1922 (L. S. Slevin), certainly appears to belong to this

same form, agreeing in everything except the sexual char-

acters. It shows that we have to do with a quite distinct spe-

cies, differing from hirticincta by being less robust, the hair

at apex of abdomen yellow stained with red, and the hair of

hind legs pale yellow. The broad middle tarsi are fringed with

yellow instead of black hair; only the small joints of tarsi are

reddened. The abdomen appears broadly black between the

bands.

Andrena mesoleuca Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 11 mm.; black, with black hair, except

long white hair as follows: A tuft at each side of antennae, margins

of mesothorax broadly, tubercles, and to some extent on pleura,

scutellum, post-scutellum and metathorax, and also first three dorsal

segments of abdomen, except that on sides of third it is only white

anteriorly and posteriorly. Facial quadrangle much broader than

long; malar space well developed; process of labrum short and

broadly truncate; clypeus shining, closely punctured, with a poorly

defined smooth central band; facial foveas black, going little below

level of the antennae; antennae black, third joint about as long as

next two combined; mesothorax dull, a little shining and with

obscure punctures on disc; scutellum more shining; cheeks behind

eyes highly polished; area of metathorax dull, triangular, rather

small, defined by absence of the long hair; tegulae black; wings

dilute fuliginous, subhyaline, stigma dark rufous, nervures piceous;

second cubital cell broad, receiving recurrent nervure far beyond

middle; hair of face dark brownish; spurs dark; middle basitarsi

broad; abdomen moderately shining, not evidently punctured.

Type, female. No. 1584, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by E. C. Van Dyke, July 7, 1921, at Yosemite Valley, Cali-

fornia.

Readily known by the striking black and white hair, but

OCTOBER, 1924]

COCKERELL ANDRENA

allied to A. milwaukeenensis Graenicher, differing at once in

the color of the pubescence, the sculpture of the clypeus, and

the shorter antennae. Allied also to A. impuncta Kirby.

Andrena microdonta Cockerell, new species

Male. Length about 9.5 mm.; robust, with broad head and abdo-

men; head and thorax with very long, pale ochreous hair, the color

brightest on scutellum; face very broad, covered with hair, the

visible surface at sides dull, but anterior orbits, from level of an-

tennas down, swollen and shining, ending below in a small but

prominent tubercle or tooth; mandibles long and curved; malar

space linear; clypeus broad and low; vertex dull, but a polished

shining space above each eye; antennae long, black, third joint as

long as the two following together; mesothorax dull and granular,

slightly shining on disc; scutellum dull; area of meta thorax small,

slightly shining, without evident sculpture; tegulae black; wings

slightly smoky; stigma lanceolate, pale dull amber, nervures fus-

cous; second cubital cell broad, receiving recurrent nervure about

the middle; legs with pale hair, tinged with reddish on inner side

of tarsi; spurs pallid; hind tarsi long, dark brown, polished, with

only minute feeble punctures, no hair bands, apical tuft of hair very

pale, with a yellowish tint; second segment depressed less than a

third.

Type, male, No. 1585, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. I. Carlson, March 26, 1918, at Clifton, Arizona.

Allied to the Californian A. osmioides CklL, but easily sep-

arated by the polished abdomen and the position of the first

recurrent nervure, which in A. osmioides joins the second

cubital cell much before its middle. I had to consider whether

A. microdonta could be the male of A. carissima Ckll., and

while it is possible that this is the case, the probabilities seem

against the reference, so I have described it as distinct.

Andrena yosemitensis Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 10 mm.; head, thorax and abdomen shin-

ing dark blue, legs black; facial quadrangle somewhat broader than

long; clypeus convex, black (except at sides), the disc highly pol-

ished, with very strong sparse punctures; process of labrum rather

narrowly truncate; malar space linear; hair of head and thorax thin,

entirely black, except a few long, pale hairs at extreme sides of

scutellum; facial foveae very dark chocolate, going below level of

antennae; third antennal joint about as long as next two together;

flagellum very obscurely brownish beneath; mesothorax and scu-

tellum shining, but very finely roughened, with scattered minute

punctures; mesopleura dullish, fine dark blue; area of metathorax

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

merely minutely roughened; tegulae dark brown; wings dusky, suf-

fused with brown throughout; stigma narrow-lanceolate, reddish

with a dark margin; nervures dark fuscous; second cubital cell

receiving recurrent nervure in middle; legs with black hair, scopa on

hind tibias appressed, hind basitarsi stout; abdomen shining, finely

roughened, but not evidently punctured under a lens, the first two

segments very smooth; second segment very narrowly depressed

only about a quarter of length of segment; no hair bands; apical tuft

thick, black.

Type, female, No. 1586, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. C. Van Dyke, June 12, 1921, in Yosemite Valley, Cali-

fornia.

Related to A. nigroccerulea Ckll., but easily known by the

clypeus, black hair on thorax above, etc. Possibly this is iden-

tical with A. chapmancE Viereck, which has never been prop-

erly described, but chapmance is placed in the series with third

joint of antennae decidedly longer than four and five together

(in yosemitensis it appears about equal to the eye, but measured

is found to be as 22 to 20), and is said to be 12 mm. long. By

inference we are led to understand that only the abdomen of

A. chapmancE is blue.

Andrena epileuca Cockerell, new species

Female. Length, 9 to 11 mm.; head, thorax, and abdomen dark

blue, clypeus and legs black; pubescence black except on thorax

above where it is clear white, and there are some long, v^hite hairs

on first abdominal segment; facial quadrangle somewhat broader

than long; clypeus shining, closely and rather finely punctured all

over, without a smooth line; malar space linear; process of labrum

large, very broadly triangular; facial foveae narrow, black, hardly

going below level of antennae; front striate; third antennal joint

longer than next two together; flagellum very obscurely brownish

beneath; mesothorax and scutellum dull, without evident punctures

under a lens; area of metathorax dull, without evident sculpture;

tegulae very dark brown; wings dilute fuliginous, stigma dark red-

dish, nervures piceous; second cubital cell receiving recurrent ner-

vure at middle; hair of tibi^ and tarsi shining, more or less brown

in certain lights; hind basitarsi robust; spurs dark; abdomen shin-

ing, finely roughened, without distinct punctures; no hair bands;

second segment depressed about third; apical tuft black.

Male. Length about 7.5 mm.; slender, head not particularly

broad, nor cheeks enlarged; long hair on lower part of cheeks and

on pleura pallid but not w'hite, nor is that on thorax above white,

but rather pale dusky yellowish; abdomen dorsally with thin, white

hair, becoming black toward apex; hair of legs pallid. There is

OCTOBER, 1924]

COCKERELL ANDRENA

much long, black hair at sides of face and on upper part of cheeks.

The upper part of the clypeus is green. One specimen carries a

Stylops.

Type, female, No. 1587, Mtis. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by E. C. Van Dyke, May 8, 1910, on the hills back of Oak-

land, California. Other females are from South Sonoma

County, California, April 16 and 23 (J. A. Kusche) ; Forks,

Clallam County, Washington, July 5 (E. C. Van Dyke) ; Pismo,

California, April 25 (E. P. Van Duzee). The males are from

the hills back of Berkeley, California, March 7 (Van Dyke).

Closely related to A. nigroccerulea Ckll., but easily known by

the shining clypeus. It is, perhaps, no more than a race, as a

female from Santa Cruz, California, June 2, 1919 (Van

Duzee), has the clypeus dullish and appears to be intermediate.

Typical nigrocwrulea has the hair on thorax above pale ochre-

ous, in the Santa Cruz specimen referred to it is white. The

male is distinctly different from that of A. nigroccsrulea by the

shining clypeus, black hair all over face, and mandibles more

or less reddened at apex. Presumably the two species visit dif-

ferent flowers, but as to this we have at present no information.

Andrena lustrans Cockerell, new species

The type of A. nigroccBrulea and A. epileuca has given rise

to still another segregate which (female) has white hair on

the thorax above as in epileuca, but differs at once from both

the others by the shining steel blue mesothorax and scutellum,

with sparse minute punctures. The process of labrum is broadly

truncate, and the second abdominal segment is depressed less

than a third. The clypeus is shining and punctured essentially

as in A. epileuca, its upper part metallic. The third cubital cell

is broader on marginal than in A. nigroccerulea. The occiput

has white hair, and in the specimen from Fallen Leaf Lake,

apparently only a variety, the hair of upper part of pleura,

cheeks, and face (excepting clypeus) is whitish. The male is

unknown.

Type, female. No. 1588, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 12, 1924, at Meadow Valley,

Plumas County, Califoimiai, at 4000-5000 feet altitude. Para-

types : Keen Camp, Riverside County, California, June 6-12,

1917 (Van Duzee) ; Mokelumne Hill, California, April

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

(Blaisdell) ; Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, California,

July 13 (Van Dyke) ; Steen Mountains, Harney County,

Oregon, June 25 (Van Dyke). This species averages smaller

than A. nigroccsrulea.

Andrena supervirens Cockerell, new species

Female. Length, 9-9.5 mm.; head and thorax dark blue, abdo-

men bluish-green; antennae and legs black; facial quadrangle con-

spicuously broader than long; clypeus with upper half green, lower

half black, and rose color between; surface of clypeus dull, mi-

nutely rugulose, without distinct punctures and with no smooth line;

process of labrum broadly truncate; orange hairs projecting below

mandibles; facial foveae very narrow, warm reddish, going only a

little below level of antennaae; third antennal joint to next two

together as 25 to 20; hair of face mixed black and dull white, of

vertex black, of occiput and cheeks white; malar space small; thorax

with thin, long, white hair; mesothorax, scutellum and area of meta-

thorax dull, without evident sculpture; tegulae dark brown; wings

hyaline, only faintly dusky; stigma light dull reddish with dark

margin; nervures brown; second cubital cell rather large, receiving

recurrent nervure a little before middle; femora with white hair

beneath; tibiaj and tarsi with brown hair, hind tibiae with dull white

hair in front; hind basitarsi broad; spurs pale reddish; abdomen

with a sericeous luster, not evidently punctured; apical depressions

of segments steel-blue; second segment depressed rather more than

a third; traces of very thin white hair bands at sides of third and

fourth segments; caudal tuft pale chocolate-brown. The dorsum of

abdomen has very thin erect white hair.

Type, female, No. 1589, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, May 8, 1910, on hills back of Oak-

land, California. Paratypes from Fairfax, Marin County,

April 13 (Van Duzee) ; South Sonoma County, California,

April 26 (J. A. Kusche) ; Melrose, Alameda County, Cali-

fornia, April 2 (Van Duzee) ; San Luis Obispo, California,

April 24 (Van Duzee) ; Muir Woods, Marin County, Cali-

fornia, May 4 (Van Dyke) ; hills back of Berkeley, Cali-

fornia, March 7 (Van Dyke).

Variety aurescens new variety. Head and thorax dark

green; abdomen bright yellowish-green, with golden tints;

the depressed hind margin of segments bluish-green. Type,

No. 1590, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., .collected by E. P. Van

Duzee, April 13, 1919, at Fairfax, Marin County, California.

OCTOBER, 1924 ]

COCKERELL — ANDREN'A

This looks like another species, but it certainly is only a

variation.

This is another species of the same alliance as those just

described, but more distinct by the green or bluish-green

satiny abdomen, abundant long white hair, etc.

Typhlusechus. This genus was created by Linell in 1897 to

receive an interesting new blind Tenebrionid (Ent. News, Vol.

VIII, p. 154), two specimens of which were collected in Los

Angeles County, California, by Mr. Albert Koebele. It has

since been taken by other collectors. A number of years ago

Mr. Charles Fuchs gave me a specimen from the type locality.

Another has recently been taken by Mr. Vasco M. Tanner

which seems to differ in several characters from singularis

Linell. In this the basal prothoracic impression is stronger and

deeper, and is limited laterally by distinct prominences ; the pro-

thorax is rather more elongate and its sides, with those of the

elytra, are more explanate. It may represent a new species

unless the sexes differ. At any rate, it is very interesting to

learn that a species of the present genus is found so far east. —

F. E. Blaisdell.

Valgus calif ornicus Horn. In July, 1907, I took two speci-

mens of this rare California Sacrabseid, one at the Calaveras

Big Trees, elevation 4702 feet, and one at Blood’s Meadow,

Alpine County, elevation 7000 feet. Both were taken from the

nests of termites, one in a stump and the other beneath bark

of a dead pine, four feet from the ground. This note may help

others to obtain the species. — F. E. Blaisdell.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENERA

SPH^ROCERA AND APTILOTUS (DIPTERA-

BORBORID^) *

BY ANTHONY SPULER

Pullman j Washington

Dr. Frederick Hendel divides the genus Sphcerocera into

two distinct genera, AllosphcFrocera and Sphcsrocera (Wien.

Ent. Zeitg. 38, 1-3, 1920). According to Hendel in AllosphcB-

rocera, the antennae are widely separated at base, the epistoma

is broad, flat, and shield-shaped, with sharp lateral margins,

the notum and scutellum have granular processes which give

rise to small, short hairs, and the scutellum has distinct tuber-

cles at the margin. In Sphcsrocera the antennae are not widely

separated at base, the epistome is small and does not extend

to base of antennae, the notum and scutellum are smooth and

the margin of scutellum is without tubercles. Hendel places

such species as pusilla Fallen, coronata Zetterstedt, denticu-

lata Meigen and hyalipennis Meigen in the genus Allosphcuro-

cera, and the species subsultans Fabricius in the genus SphcBvo-

cera. The writer has several specimens of the species S.

himaculata Williston and finds that this species does not fit

either group. In S. himaculata Williston, the antennae and

epistome show a structure midway between the two groups,

the notum and scutellum are smooth as in Hendel’s genus

SphcBTOcera, but the scutellum has two distinct tubercles which

would place it in the genus All osphccro cera. Since this species

seems to be intermediate between the two genera established

by Hendel, the writer feels that the old genus Sphcerocera

Latreille should be retained and the three groups regarded as

subgenera. For the third group represented by the species

.S', himaculata Will, the writer proposes the subgeneric name

Parasphcerocera.

This paper is one of a series on the family Borboridae.

Genus Sph^rocera Latreille

Latreille: Hist. Nat. Ins. Crust. XIV, 394 (1804).

Duda: Tijd. Entom. LXIII (1920).

Hendel: Wien. Ent. Zeitg. XXXVIII, 1-3 (1920).

Black to brown flies. Head hemispherical; face usually produced,

* Contribution from the Division of Entomology of the Washington

Agricultural Experiment Station, State College of Washington.

OCTOBER, 1924 ] SPULER SPH^ROCERA AND APTILOTUS

more or less excavated beneath the antennae; antennae short; third

joint rounded; arista long and bare; front broad, without bristles;

vibrissae present; eyes rounded, usually on lateral protuberances.

Mesonotum devoid of bristles, scutellum short and broad, posterior

margin rounded, usually with small tubercles, never with bristles.

Abdomen moderately long and broad. Legs strong, the hind pair

elongated; hind tibiae usually with an apical spur; hind metatarsi

incrassate, as long as or longer than the second joint. Wings longer

than abdomen; fourth and fifth veins complete and reaching the

margin of wing; third vein not branched; third and fourth veins

parallel or divergent; outer cross-vein near wing-margin and much

longer than inner; second basal and anal cells distinct.

Genotype: Musca subsultans Fabricius.

Subgenera and species of Sphcurocera.

1. Inner cross-vein very short; abdomen with large yellow spots

on dorsum; legs yellow, notum and disc of scutellum

smooth; posterior margin of scutellum with two distinct

tubercles, one on either side n. subgen., Parasphasrocera

Genotype, and only American species, bimaculata Will.

Inner cross-vein normally long; abdomen without such spots 2

2. Antennae narrowly separated at base; epistome small, not ex-

tending to base of antennae; notum and scutellum smooth,

margin of scutellum not tuberculate; subgen. Sphterocera Lat. 3

Antennae widely separated at base; epistome broad, flat, and

shield-shaped, with sharp lateral margins; notum and scu-

tellum with granular processes, which give rise to small,

short hairs; margin of scutellum tuberculate; subgen. Allo-

sphcerocera Hendel : 4

3. Hind tibiae with a long apical spur; front, face, and cheeks

^ opaque black; dorsal segments of abdomen margined with

yellow; second segment one and one-half times third; legs

short, hairy. Fig. 2 subsultans Fabr.

Hind tibiae devoid of a long apical spur, legs black, with tro-

chanters, knees, apices, of tibiae and tarsi yellow; posterior

margin of scutellum without tubercles or bristles; hind

metatarsi thicker than tibiae, longer than the next two, but

not as long as the next three annulicornis Mall.

4. Third and fourth veins more or less convergent toward tip;

first posterior cell noticeably narrowed; legs entirely yellow;

posterior margin of scutellum with faint traces of tuber-

cles; arista two times width of front; hind metatarsi swollen,

one and one-fourth times as long as second joint.—pallipes Mall.

Third and fourth veins not convergent toward tip 5

5. Legs entirely black; inner cross-vein distinctly before basal

third of discal cell; scutellum with very strong marginal

tubercles; notum with four distinct rows of tubercles; disc

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

of scutellum tuberculate; front with two divergent rows of

minute tubercles. Fig. 3 scabra, n. sp.

Legs varying from almost entirely yellow to black with coxae,

trochanters and knees yellow; notum without distinct tuber-

culate rows; marginal tubercles of scutellum less pro-

nounced; inner cross-vein at or slightly beyond basal third

of discal cell. Fig. 4 pusilla Fall.

Sph^rocera (Parasph^rocera) bimaculata

Williston (Fig. 1).

Williston: Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond. 1896, 435. PI. XIV, f. 165

(1896).

(St. Vincent)

Numerous specimens from Florida (U. S. N. M.), Monte-

serrat, Trinidad, W. I. (Busck) and La Suiza de Turrialba,

Costa Rica (Schild).

SPHiERocERA (Sph^rocera) subsultans Fabricius

(Fig. 2)

Fabricius: Spec. Ins. II, 444 (1871). {Musca.)

Duda: Tijd. Entom. LXIII, 16 (1920).

Hendel: Wien. Ent. Zeitg. XXXVIII, 1-3 (1920).

Forty specimens of this species from the following locali-

ties : Washington: Clarkston (Melander) ; Pullman (Mann).

California; Claremont (Metz); Berkeley Hills (Cresson).

Illinois: (111. Univ.) ; Algonquin (U. S. N. M.). Missouri:

St. Louis (Warner). Pennsylvania: Swarthmore, Lansdale

(Cresson). Vermont: Lyndon (Melander). Massachusetts:

Boston (Melander). Washington, D. C. (Coquillett).

Sph^rocera (Sph^erocera) annulicornis Malloch

Malloch: Proc. U. S. N. M. XLIV, 363 (1913).

Described from Massachusetts.

Sph^rocera (Allosph^rocera) pallipes Malloch

Malloch: Ent. News, XXV, 31 (1914).

Described from Panama.

Sphaerocera (Allosphaerocera) scabra Spuler, new species

(Fig. 3)

Opaque black. Front depressed, rugulose, broader than long; an-

terior outline of front strongly produced in center; orbital stripes

irregularly tuberculate; interfrontal stripes extending to vertex, with

a row of distinct tubercles; ocellar tubercle pronounced; eyes on

OCTOBER, 1924] SPULER SPH^ROCERA AND APTILOTUS 69

prominent lateral processes of the head; face strongly produced

between and below antenna; labrum very large, projecting down-

ward; antenna widely divergent; second joint much larger than

third; third joint slightly browned, arising from the deeply concave

apex of the second joint; arista very thin and hair-like, two and one-

half times antennal length, entirely bare; antenna resting in deep

grooves of the face; cheeks slightly shining; more than one-half as

high as eye; lower posterior portion minutely tuberculate. Meso-

notum short and broad, with four distinct rows of tubercles; pos-

terior portion of mesonotum with some tubercles in between the

four rows; scutellum rectangular with the posterior margin rounded;

disc tuberculate; posterior margin with eight very strong tubercles.

Legs entirely black, devoid of bristles; hind femora rather long and

slender; hind tibia with a distinct spur at apex; hind metatarsi

thicker than the tibia at apex, as long as the much thinner next two

joints. Wings slightly browned; wing-veins dark brown; costa bare,

first section one-half as long as second, third and fourth sections

equal and a little less than one-third as long as second; inner cross-

vein at distinctly before basal third of discal cell; basal section of

third vein three-eighths as long as penultimate section of fourth vein,

and but little longer than outer cross-vein; fifth vein reaching mar-

gin of wing; third and fourth veins decidedly diverging at tip;

second section of fourth vein much shorter than the last section.

Abdomen very broad; dorsum slightly shining, with large ovoid,

slightly gray-dusted opaque spots on second, third, and fourth seg-

ments; hypopygium large. Halteres yellow. Length, 3 mm.

Type: Male; South Bend, Washington, May 23, 1917

(Melander) ,

Sph^rocera (Allosph^rocera) pusilla Fallen

Fallen: Dipt. Suec. Heterom. 8 (1920). {Cofromyza.)

Duda: Tidj. Entom. LXIII, 29 (1920).

Hendel: Wien. Ent. Zeitg. XXXVIII, 1-3 (1920). {AllosphcErocera.)

The writer examined over forty specimens of this species

from the following localities: Washington: Pullman (Mann) ;

Kettle Falls, Clarkston, Kamiac (Melander). Idaho: Ken-

drick and Chatcolet (Melander), British Columbia: Nelson

(Melander); Kalso (Caudell). Massachusetts: Beverly; Cam-

bridge (Burgess). Illinois (Coqnillett, 111. Univ,). Washing-

ton D. C. (Coquillett).

Genus Aptilotus Mik,

Mik: Wien. Ent. Zeit. XVII, 206 (1898).

Strobl: Dipt. Steierm. IV, 276 (1898).

Head broad; eyes prominent; the broad cheeks with a single

vibrissa; the very broad front with two pairs of decussate bristles;

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

ocelli present; antennse short, with the first joint hardly visible, the

second and third equal, the latter subreniform, with a long, slender

dorsal arista; face carinate; epistome prominent. Mesothorax a

little broader than long, nearly rectangular, no transverse suture; a

rather deep depression behind the scutellum, which is broad, some-

what convex, margined behind and with four marginal bristles.

Wings and halteres completely wanting. Abdomen elliptical, above

and below convex, constricted at the base; second segment hardly

longer than third, dorsal sclerites turned down, forming a ridge

along the sides; without a connecting membrane; male abdomen

with six segments; the hypopygium asymetrical, the greater part

sunken; female abdomen with seven segments, the last two short,

seventh very short and transverse. Legs rather strong, nearly desti-

tute of the stronger bristles, bearing a stronger short bristle at tip

of the hind tibise, hind metatarsi somewhat dilated and abbreviated.

(Translation.)

Genotype : Aptilotus paradoxus Mik.

The only species of Aptilotus described from North America

are A. borealis Malloch, and A. politus, Williston.

Species of Aptilotus.

Front and face subopaque; cheeks slightly more than one-half eye-

height; second segment of abdomen very slightly longer than

third; scutellum two-fifths as long as mesonotum... Mall.

Front and face glossy black; cheeks considerably more than one-

half eye-height; second segment of abdomen distinctly longer

than third; scutellum at least one-half as long as mesonotum

politus Will.

Aptilotus politus Williston

Williston: Dipt. Death Valley Exped. 259 (1893). {Apterina.)

Mik: Wien. Ent. Zeitg. XIX, 71 (1909). {Apterina.)

Originally described from Death Valley, California, and not

since encountered.

Aptilotus borealis Malloch

Malloch: Proc. U. S. N. M. XLIV, 361 (1913).

Aptilotus politus Coquillett; Proc. Acad. Sci. Wash. II, 464 (1900).

Twenty- four specimens distributed as follows :

Wyoming: National Park (U. S. N. M.). Oregon: Astoria

(U. S. N. M.). Montana: Bear Paw Mts. (U. S. N. M.).

Washington: Seattle (Kincaid); Bellingham (Melander).

Professor Kincaid obtained his specimens in skunk cabbage

{Lysichiton camtschatcense) .

OCTOBER, 1924] SPULER SPH^ROCERA AND APTILOTUS

1. S.'bimaculata

3. S.sca'bra

Spuler

4. S.pusilla

— Genus Sphaerocera

Eurytrachelus platymelus typhoniformis Kagel

72 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

A NEW FORM OF LUCANOID COLEOPTERA

BY PAUL NAGEL

Hanover, Germany

(Figure on preceding page)

Eurytrachelus platymelus Saund. var. typhoniformis

n. var.

Mas: Niger; totum corpus (mandibulis exceptis) ut in Eurytr.

platymelo. Mandibulae Iseviter in medio, ac fortiter ante apicem in-

curvatse, dente minuto anteapicali et ab medio fere ad apicem lamina

subdenticulata instructse; forma laminae hujus ut in Eurytr. titanus

Boisd. var. typhon Boil.

Capitis Prothoracis Elytrorum Mandib.

Longitudo 9 mm. 9.5 mm. 21 mm. 14 mm.

Latitudo 16.5 mm. 18 mm. 16 mm. 4 mm.

Patria: Yunan, China meridionalis.

Femina ignota.

This curious specimen was sent to me for determination by

Mr. E. R. Leach of Piedmont, California. At first I believed

it a new species, but after having examined it carefully I can

find no differences between it and Eurytr. platymelus Saund.

except the form of the mandibles. They are not so broad as

those of platymelus and have behind the middle a large, broadly

truncate, tooth with four to five small tips or serrations. The

large basal tooth of platymelus has disappeared and the row of

eight to ten small teeth, succeeding- it in the species, has shrunk

to four or five small teeth which form the inner edge of the

tooth-like projection in the variety. All other parts of the body

are completely comformable in color, form, and structure with

Eurytr. platymelus.

Hitherto we knew this shrinking of the row of inner teeth

only in Eurytr. titanus Boisd. var. typhon Boil. (Naturaliste,

XXVII, 1905, p. 17, fig. 6 ) ; that it occurs in yet other

Lucanoid species we observe in the new form of platymelus.

Type, male, from Yunan, China, in the collection of Mr.

E. R. Leach.

OCTOBER, 1924]

VAN DUZEE PARAPHROSYLUS

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PARAPHROSYLUS

BECKER, A SUBGENUS OF APHROSYLUS

WALKER

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, N. F,

Dr. Theodore Becker, in his large work on North and South

American Dolichopodidae, published in 192)1, page 127, estab-

lishes Paraphrosylus a new subgenus of Aphrosylus to receive

the American species of that genus, separating them from the

European, or typical forms, by several characters, the two

most important of which are the presence of well-developed

acrostichal bristles in the American species, and the supposed

difference in the form of the face and front, but he seems to

have been misled in the latter character by Dr, Wheeler’s figure

of the head of prcedator, published in the Proceedings of the

California Academy of Sciences, third series, Vol. 1, plate iv,

fig. 4. This figure gives a wrong view of the face and front of

our species ; the face of prcedator, and of all the rest of our

species, is narrowed just below the antennae, there being more

or less of an emargination in the orbits of the eyes opposite the

base of the antennae, as in the European species ; the front also

widens as usual, being widest at the vertex. This leaves the

presence of the acrostichal bristles as the only character of im-

portance to separate the subgenus, these bristles being wholly

wanting in the European forms; still it seems to me that this

character is enough to justify our acceptance of the subgenus.

Three ,new species are described below. One, our largest

form, was taken by Dr. Aldrich in Alaska, and the other two

were taken by E. P, Van Duzee, in the Lower California

region.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. Aldrich for the privilege of

examining the material in the National Museum, which con-

tains all three of Wheeler’s species, as well as the new form

from Alaska.

Table of Species

Males

1. Posterior cross-vein forming an obtuse angle with the basal

portion of fourth vein, arista pubescent (California)

grassator Wheeler

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Posterior cross-vein nearly at right angles to the fourth vein;

arista bare 2

2. Wings dark brown, with a conspicuous spot of darker color,

which is nearly square and extends from the cross-veins

towards the base of the wing (California) direptor, Wheeler

Wings without such a spot, at most with a little clouding along

the cross-vein - - 3

3. Outer hypopygial appendages yellow (Gulf of California)

tenuipes new species

Outer hypopygial appendages blackish 4

4. Fore femora with short, blunt, erect spines below on basal half

(California; British Columbia) predator Wheeler

Anterior femora with rather long hair below 5

5. Wings blackish; third and fourth veins slightly divergent to-

wards their tips; middle femora with two rows of slender

bristles below (Alaska) nigripennis new species

Wings more brownish; third and fourth veins considerably con-

vergent towards their tips; middle femora with one row of

longer hairs on lower posterior edge (Gulf of California)

- - fumipennis new species

Females

1. Posterior cross-vein forming an obtuse angle with the basal

part of fourth vein grassator Wheeler

Posterior cross-vein at nearly right angles to the fourth vein 2

2. Wings with a nearly square spot of darker color, extending

from the cross-vein towards the base of the wing

direptor Wheeler

Wings without such a spot, at most with a little clouding along

the cross-vein 3

3. Third vein bent backward, convergent with fourth towards

their tips fumipennis new species

Third and fourth veins nearly parallel or slightly divergent

towards their tips 4

4. Large species, 4.5-5 mm,; wings blackish—.niyri^^wwij new species

Smaller species, 2.5-3 mm.; wings more brownish

preedator Wheeler

Paraphrosylus prcedator, Wheeler, has the joints of fore

tarsi as 25-14-12-8-10; of middle ones as 38-17-11-7-9; the

joints of hind tarsi are as 34-25-14-8-11. The length of the

last section of fifth vein of the wing is 19, of cross-vein 17/50

of a millimeter.

Paraphrosylus direptor, Wheeler, has the joints of the fore

tarsi as 20-10-8-7-10; of middle ones as 35-15-9-6-12; and of

OCTOBER, 1924]

VAN DUZEE PARAPHROSYLUS

the posterior as 34-22-11-7-11. The length of the last section

of the fifth vein is 22, of the cross-vein 19/50 of a millimeter.

Both these species have the third and fourth veins nearly

parallel beyond the cross-vein, or a very little divergent, so

they are slightly farther apart at tip than at the cross- vein ; in

both the third and fourth veins are a little bent backward at

their tips.

1. Paraphrosylus nigripennis Van Duzee,

new species

Male. Length 3.5-4 mm., of wing 4.6 mm. Face wide, black, with

only a little gray pollen. Palpi and proboscis velvety black, the

former with a little grayish pollen on the extreme edge and numer-

ous stiff black hairs. Antennae black; third joint nearly twice as

long as wide, tapering to a point; it has, besides the usual minute

hairs, a few short spines; arista apical, longer than the antennae,

slender, bare, except the basal joint, which has a few minute hairs

and is a little thickened. Eyes not, or but slightly, emarginate oppo-

site the antennae. Front widest at the vertex, opaque black. Orbital

cilia black; lower part of the head with rather long black hairs, one

pair near the proboscis longer than the others.

Thorax dark green; dorsum dulled with blackish-brown pollen

and with a darker median line; acrostichal bristles rather small and

scattering; four quite large dorsocentral bristles in each row; three

humeral bristles, one post humeral, one praesutural, one notopleural,

one supraalar and four scutellar bristles; pleura without bristles,

except six hair-like ones above fore coxa, its pollen grayish. Abdo-

men dark green with blue reflections and brown pollen, its hairs

black. Hypopygium large for the genus, basal portion with numer-

ous small black hairs; outer appendages long, black, bent upward at

nearly a right angle a little beyond their middle and with numerous

stiff, spine-like hairs; at their base are two somewhat round, large,

yellowish-brown lamellae, with a few small hairs on the edge; inner

appendages short, black, with a few minute white hairs at tip.

Coxae, femora and tibiae black; fore and middle coxae with long,

black hair on the anterior surface, but without bristles at tip. Fore

femora thickened, with rather long, black hair, especially on lower

posterior surface; middle femora with two rows of slender bristles

on lower surface; hind femora bowed outward, the hairs on their

anterior surface quite long. Fore and middle tibiae each with one

small, slender bristle not far from base; posterior ones with several

small bristles on upper surface, these bristles not much more than

hairs, about twice as long as those on the tibiae. Tarsi plain; fifth

joint a very little widened, pulvilli rather large, yellowish. Joints

of fore tarsi as 36-15-12-8-14; those of middle ones as 47-19-13-8-11;

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

of hind tarsi as 50-34-16-10-15. Calypters black, yellow at base,

with black cilia. Halteres wholly yellow.

Wings wholly and uniformly quite black; the cross-vein bordered

with a slightly darker shade; third and fourth veins nearly straight,

slightly wider apart at tips than at the cross-vein.

Female. Length, 4-4.5 mm.; of wing, 5-5.5 mm. They agree with

the male in color and in the wing venation; the face is a little wider

and has a greenish reflection; the third antennal joint is somewhat

shorter and the middle femora are without bristles below. Ovi-

positor with several blunt, upturned spines on upper edge, and below

these a pair of short lamellae, rounded apically and with two hairs

at tip.

Described from three males and five females, taken at

Seward, Alaska, July 26, 1921, by J. M. Aldrich.

Type, male, in the United States National Museum.

2. Paraphrosylus fumipennis Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm.; of wing, 3 mm. Face black with thin,

white pollen, moderately wide. Palpi black with stiff black hairs.

Proboscis dull black. Antennae black; third joint a little longer than

wide, pointed at tip; besides the usual little hairs with several small

spines; arista apical, slender, bare, except on the basal joint which

is a little thickened, longer than the antennae. Eyes slightly emargi-

nate opposite the antennae. Front a little green, dull, widest at the

vertex. Orbital cilia black; lower part of the head with a few small

black hairs.

Thorax blackish with slight purple reflections, covered with brown

pollen; acrostichal bristles in an irregular row, conspicuous; four

large dorsocentrals on each side; two humeral, one post-humeral,

one praesutural, one intraalar, and four scutellar bristles; pleurae

with a pair of bristles placed close together a little below and in

front of the halteres and two small slender bristles above the fore

coxae. Abdomen but little depressed, green with black hairs and

white pollen. Hypopygium black with pale hairs; its lamellae brown

or black, short, rather slender, nearly straight, fringed with hairs.

Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi black. Fore coxae with a few small

black hairs, without bristles at tip. Fore femora thickened on basal

portion, tapering to their tips, with a row of hairs below which

scarcely reach the tip. All femora and tibiae without bristles, except

one hair-like one on middle tibiae near the base and several similar

ones on hind tibiae; these are scarcely more than hairs, and are

about twice as long as the rest on the tibia; middle femora with a

row of longer hairs on lower posterior edge. Last joint of all tarsi

slightly flattened and widened. Joints of fore tarsi as 28-18-12-8-9;

of middle ones as 37-20-12-9-9; those of hind tarsi are as 33-25-13-

OCTOBER, 1924] VAN DUZEE PARAPHROSYLUS

9-9. Calypters yellow with a brown border and black cilia. Halteres

yellow.

Wings grayish, without spots; third vein bent backward, ap-

proaching fourth at tip; last section of fifth vein about one and a

half times as long as the cross-vein.

Female. Almost like the male except that the face is wider, more

brown, and the eyes are not emarginate.

Described from eleven males and nine females, taken on San

Esteban Island, Gulf of California, April 20, 1921, and Isla

Partida, Gulf of California, April 22, 1921, by E. P. Van

Duzee.

Type, male. No. 1590, and allotype, female. No. 1591, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, April 20, 1921,

on San Esteban Island, Gulf of California.

3. Paraphrosylus tenuipes Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.2 mm.; of wing, 2.5 mm. Face narrow, covered

with white pollen. Palpi black with a little brown pollen and stiff

black hairs. Proboscis shining black, dulled around the edge with

brown pollen. Front black, widest at the vertex. Antennae black;

third joint moderately long, pointed at tip, with the usual minute

hairs and several little spines; arista apical, slender, longer than the

antenna, bare except at base. Eyes emarginate opposite the antennae.

Orbital cilia black.

Thorax greenish; dorsum dulled with brown pollen; the acrosti-

chal bristles rather large, appearing to be in a single row, four pairs

of dorsocentrals, one humeral, one post-humeral, one notopleural,

and one intraalar bristle; also two quite conspicuous bristles placed

close together on the pleurae below and in front of the halteres, and

three slender bristles above the fore coxae. Abdomen depressed,

green with black hairs and white pollen on the sides. Hypopygium

yellowish brown, almost as long as the sixth abdominal segment,

with stiff hairs on the upper and posterior surfaces; its lamellae

rather slender, yellow, about as long as the hypopygium, nearly

straight, projecting downward in the type, fringed with hairs.

Coxae, femora, tibiae, and tarsi brown; fore coxae with a few

minute hairs on anterior surface, without bristles at tip. Fore

femora thickened on basal half, abruptly narrowed below near the

middle, with a row of rather long hairs on basal half below. All

femora and tibiae without bristles, their hair rather long. Fifth joint

of all tarsi and third and fourth joints of middle ones, slightly

widened. Joints of fore tarsi as 26-14-12-8-7; of middle pair as 36-19-

18-11-13; of posterior pair as 31-25-13-10-10. Most of the tarsal

joints, especially those near the tip, appear a little bent; this is

caused by their being a little thinned in the middle or before the tip.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Halteres yellow. Wings grayish, without spots on the veins; last

section of fifth vein about one and a half times as long as the cross-

vein.

Type, male, No. 1592, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, April 20, 1921, on San Esteban Island,

Gulf of California. Described from the unique type.

Among the Coleoptera which have recently established them-

selves in California are the following :

Carabus nemoralis Mull. A common European species,

which was first found in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

about five years ago, and which is now well established there,

was probably introduced with plants imported from the Eastern

Atlantic States, where it has been well established here and

there for many years.

Sphceridium scarahcBoides Linn. A common European dung-

feeding Hydrophilid. This was introduced into Eastern North

America many years ago, appeared in the Northern Pacific

States but a few years ago, and within the last two years has

been found in a number of widely distributed places in North-

ern and Central California.

Aphodius fimetarius Linn. A common European dung

beetle; established in Eastern North America for a long period,

in Washington and Oregon for at least twenty- five years, yet

only reported last year in Northern California.

Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. A destructive European wil-

low and poplar boring weevil. This last spring it was found in

small numbers by Mr. F. J. Spruyt infesting young poplars in

the Maclaren nurseries in San Mateo County. It is hoped that

this species will soon be eradicated — E. C. Van Dyke.

OCTOBER, 1924]

ANNAND NEW ADELGES

A NEW SPECIES OF ADELGES (HEMIPTERA,

PHYLLOXERIDAE)

BY P. N. ANNAND

Stanford University, California

As has been pointed out by students of the Hemiptera, the

type of the genus Chermes is apparently Chermes ficus Lin-

naeus, which is a species belonging to the family commonly

known as the Psyllidae. Consequently, another generic name

must be found for the Aphidoid genus Chermes. Without here

going into the nomenclatorial problems involved, it appears that

the next available name for this genus is Adelges Vallot, 1836,

which was erected for Adelges laricis Vallot, this being syn-

onymous with the species now accepted as Chermes abietis

Linnaeus,

Adelges tsugae Annand, new species

Fundatrix spuria (Fig. J). Length (flattened on the slide) 1.04

mm., width .76 mm., width of thoracic shield .52 mm. Dorsal plates

of the prothorax fused to form a shield on which are three so-called

“spinal” pore areas, one “pleural” area toward the posterior margin,

and one elongate “marginal” area. The shield is continuous with a

ventral plate which partially surrounds the base of the antennae and

which bears a large pore area. Dorsal pore plates of the meso- and

metathorax distinct except in a few cases where the spinal and

pleural plates are fused into one. Mesothorax with a' fourth pore

plate outside each coxa and a fifth near the meson ventrally. Meta-

thorax with this fifth plate present, but without the fourth. Venter

of the thorax with a pair of heavily chitinized furcae present on

meso and metathorax. First abdominal segment with three dorsal

plates; second and third with three dorsal plates, one just ventrad

of the spiracle and another near the meson on each side ventrally;

segments four to six, inclusive, without the median ventral plates;

segment seven, lacking all but the spinal and pleural plates. A large

post-anal plate (Fig. 7) is present. All the coxse with heavily chitin-

ized pore plates. Wax pores on all the plates small and abundant,

surrounded by a considerable, chitinized, non-pore-bearing area.

Posterior extension of the abdomen, which bears the ovipositor,

without plates, but with numerous small, knobbed setae (Fig. K)

which are distributed as shown in Fig J. Abdominal spiracles pres-

ent on segments two to six, inclusive.

First stage larva of colonici (Fig. A). (This is the larva from the

egg of the fundatrix spuria on Tsuga heterophylla.) Length (flat-

tened on the slide) .36 mm., width .24 mm. Dorsal plates of head

and prothorax separate. Plates of the head fused to form a single

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

large plate on each side of the median line, this extending ventrad

nearly to the base of the antenna and bearing a single row of pores

along the mesal and lateral margins. Prothorax covered by two

plates which bear pores disposed in the same manner. Mesothorax

with “spinal” and “pleural” plates fused, the “marginal” plates dis-

tinct, the plate formed by the first two with a row of pores along

the mesal and lateral margins. Metathorax and the abdominal seg-

ments up to and including the fifth with three distinct plates; sixth

abdominal segment with “spinal” and “pleural” plates only; seventh

with “spinal” plates only; pores are present on the mesal margin of

the “spinal” plates of the metathorax, on first to fourth abdominal

segments, and on the lateral margin of the marginal plates on the

second to fifth abdominal segments. Venter without plates. In the

case of newly hatched larvae the plates are but lightly chitinized and

are apparently smooth except for two or three furrows which radiate

from the base of the single, centrally located seta. On the cast skin

of a first-stage larva (Fig. C) distinct reticulations are apparent,

particularly on the meso- and meta thorax. Antennae (Fig. B) three-

segmented, with the third segment about four times the length of

the second. Legs (Fig. D) comparatively large, with two long setae

arising from the first tarsal segment and two knobbed setae on the

second. Spiracles not distinguishable on the abdomen, but perhaps

present as unchitinized openings.

Second stage larva of colonici. Length (flattened on slide), .48

mm.; width, .32 mm. Wax pores and plates distributed as in the

fundatrix. Plates not as heavily chitinized and proportionately

smaller than in the fundatrix. Legs very short and thick. Abdomi-

nal spiracles present as in fundatrix.

Third stage larva of colonici. Length, .73 mm.; width, .58 mm.

Very similar to the second stage except that the plates are now

heavily chitinized and the legs somewhat heavier, the posterior

femur (Fig. G) being nearly as wide as long.

Adult colonici. Without marked differences from the fundatrix

spuria except a slightly smaller size and slightly lighter chitinization.

Holotype and paratype mounts in the Stanford University

collection. Type locality, Eugene, Oregon, from Tsuga hetero-

phylla. The species has been taken also from the same host in

the following localities: Fort Bragg, California (C. D. Duncan

and from herbarium specimen) ; Portland and Eugene, Oregon

(J. S. Boyce) ; Mt. Hood, Oregon (P. N. Annand). The pri-

mary host, if any exists, is unknown.

This species is readily distinguishable from the others in

the genus by the pore distribution in the first stage larva, the

large pore plates with small pores, the knobbed abdominal setae

of the adult and the distinct thoracic shield.

OCTOBER, 1924]

ANNAND NEW ADELGES

82 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO, 2

Notes on Biology and Habits

All the stages observed feed on the bark of Tsuga hetero-

phylla, secreting an abundant, cottony wool. Where observed

on Mt. Hood the insect in a few cases appeared sufficiently

abundant to cause considerable damage, and the leaves of the

infested twigs showed the effects of the insects’ work. In this

instance they were more abundant on the higher branches, fif-

teen to twenty feet from the ground. Egg-laying is well undet

way by April 15, as material collected on that date at Eugene,

Oregon, included a few first and second stage larvae, as well as

many eggs. According to my observations the bark of the twigs

only, to the exclusion of the larger branches, is attacked. The

alate forms are unknown.

Caption for Figure

(See page 81)

Adelges tsuga Annand, new species: A, first stage nymph of

colonici; B, antenna of the same; C, plate formed by the fusion of

the spinal and pleural plates of mesothorax, from cast skin of first

stage nymph; D, posterior leg of first stage nymph; E, antenna of

fundatrix spuria; F, plate from dorsum of fundatrix spuria; G, pos-

terior leg of third stage nymph of colonici; H, posterior leg of fun-

datrix spuria; I, post-anal plate of fundatrix spuria; J, fundatrix

spuria; K, knobbed seta from ventral side of fundatrix spuria.

Calosoma suhasneum Chaud, It will interest coleopterists to

learn that two specimens of this beautiful and rare species exist

in collections on the Pacific Coast, one in the collection of

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, the other in my own. These specimens

were taken in Fresno County by Mr. Baron, and evidently were

given by him to G. W. Harford of Alameda. Later, Mr. W. M,

Giffard of Honolulu acquired the Harford collection and very

kindly placed these specimens in Dr. Van Dyke’s and my collec-

tions. As far as I know, the species has not been taken in

recent years and, like Elaphrus viridis, is apparently a lost spe-

cies. — F. E. Blaisdell.

OCTOBER, 1924] BLAISDELL, SR. CONIONTIS

NEW FORMS OF CONIONTIS (COLEOPTERA)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

During the past few years certain species of Coniontis have

become of economic interest, as they have been found to injure

garden crops. I am indebted to Mr. Roy Campbell of the

Experiment Station at Alhambra, California, for several inter-

esting phases of Coniontis and Blapstinus ; also, to Mr. Louis

Slevin of Carmel, Monterey County, and Mr. Warwick Bene-

dict of Santa Monica, for specimens taken at Carmel and

vicinity of Point Conception.

A general review of the species of Coniontis is being pre-

pared, with the view of establishing the status of many of the

described phases so that they can be more intelligently dealt

with in the field. At the present time I shall make known one

new species and two races.

Coniontis globulina ventura Blaisdell, new variety

In the Entomological News of January, 1918, page 9, I

described Coniontis muscula as a race of globulina Casey, and

on page 14 discussed the peculiarities of globulina. At the

present time it is quite evident that the intermediate phase

between globulina and muscula should have a distinctive name.

This is of practical importance from the economic standpoint

on account of the growing importance of understanding the

relation of the Coniontis phases to each other, as they have been

found injurious to young beans and beets. The following vari-

etal definition of ventura is now given :

Form elongate suboblong-oval, parallel as compared to muscula,

and strongly convex. Color dark nigro-piceous; legs and antennae

rufous, at times somewhat darker; surface lustre rather dull. Pubes-

cence fine, rather abundant, decumbent but not hiding the entire

surface, moderately easily removable and pale flavate in color, vary-

ing more or less from paler to deeper yellow; conspicuous in fresh

specimens.

Head and pronotum finely punctured, punctures separated by a

distance equal to two or three times their diameter. Antennae rather

short, extending to slightly beyond the middle of the pronotum,

Mentum feebly and sparsely punctate, basal impressions rather

shallow and extending broadly on to the lobes; about a fourth wider

than long; apex subtruncate.

Elytral surface more or less slightly rugose apically, subtumes-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

cent lines sometimes obsoletely indicated; very finely punctate.

Sides of the body continuously arcuate from the head to the elytral

apex in the female; in the male the pronotum may be a little wider.

Beneath finely sculptured; abdomen very finely and sparsely punc-

tured. Prosternal process narrow, finely and sparsely punctate, more

or less margined between the coxae, but not at tip.

Length (types), 9-10 mm.; width, 3. 5-4.6 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 1593, and allotype, male. No. 1594,

in collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes

in the Academy’s and the author’s collections, and in that of

the American Entomological Society in Philadelphia. Type

locality, Ventura, California.

Ventura is very abundant in Ventura County, especially in

the vicinity of Oxnard. I am indebted to Mr. Roy E. Camp-

bell of the United States Department of Agriculture Station

at Alhambra, California, for specimens from other localities.

In C. ventura the mentum has the basal impressions distinct

and confined to base; sides slightly arcuate; apex broadly but

not deeply sinuate; angles blunt and distinct; surface sparsely

punctate, very distinctly so in apical half where it is flat; pro-

sternal process sparsely punctate and more or less margined at

the sides. In muscula the mentum is rather short, transverse,

with the basal impressions obsolete; sides moderately arcuate;

apex broadly and feebly sinuate, angles obtuse and not promi-

nent, lobes not indicated; disc feebly convex, sparsely and

more or less obsoletely punctate. Prosternal process sparsely

punctured and more or less margined at the sides.

Muscula is more broadly oval and not elongate, globulina

is extremely short and stout, both being clothed with coarse

decumbent hairs. Microsticta is narrower and less robust than

ventura, with pubescence finer and more easily removable

(cabinet specimens being generally quite denuded) and the

sides of the pronotum are more convergent from base to apex.

In ventura the sides are less convergent and more parallel in

basal two-thirds, thence more strongly convergent. In micro-

sticta the mentum is more or less distinctly emarginate at apex.

Inconspicua Casey is not different from microsticta Casey.

In the genus Coniontis the specific units cannot be positively

identified from detailed descriptions, for there is no other

group in the coleoptera where the individuals vary to a greater

extent. They must be recognized from general appearance or

OCTOBER, 1924]

BLAISDELL^ SR. CONIONTIS

habitus. Locality is of the greatest value and species described

from types without definite locality should not be recognized.

This statement will appear radical to some, but I have found

that the units or individuals of one species frequently resemble

those of another species. It so happens that no two related spe-

cies inhabit the same geographical area : About San Francisco

is found eschscholtzii, nemoralis, viatica, and microsticta; in

Marin County viatica, obsidiana, nemoralis, puncticollis, san-

fordi, and subpubescens ; in Calaveras County blaisdelli, san-

fordi, and montana. The variations between the individuals of

viatica, obsidiana, and blaisdelli are apparently without limits.

Therefore, if an example of viatica should not bear a definite

locality label it could be referred to obsidiana, if it happened to

be unusually large and oblong ; or the reference might be to

blaisdelli if it was slightly broader than usual and with the pro-

notum relatively wider than the elytra. It can readily be seen

that a composite series would be formed in a collection. This is

most apt to happen when details are depended upon for specific

separation rather than general appearance or habitus. During

the past decade I have examined hundreds of specimens and

know whereof I speak. Arrange the specimens of two species

according to the block system and compare the two. It will be

noted that the specific differences will be accentuated and

obvious.

Coniontis lamentabilis Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-oval, cylindrical, less elongate than ventura and

?nicrosttcta, more obtusely rounded anteriorly and posteriorly. Color

nigro-piceous; legs more or less dark rufous, antennae rufopiceous.

Pubescence conspicuous, sparse and decumbent, pale flavate to

plumbeous in color, and in certain lights silvery or golden.

Head sparsely and finely punctate, epistoma more densely punc-

tured; frontal and oblique sutures usually distinct. Pronotum and

elytra finely and not closely punctate, sides of the former parallel in

basal half, thence arcuately and feebly convergent to apex. Elytra

more or less slightly rugose about the apex, and at times tumescent

lines are obsoletely indicated; lateral margin, in female, forming a

continuous line with that of the pronotum; in the male the pronotum

is usually somewhat wider at base.

Prosternal process usually margined only between the coxae, sur-

face sparsely and finely punctate. Parasterna and abdomen finely

and sparsely punctate.

Male. Pronotum slightly wider than in the female. Form some-

times slightly cuneiform.

86 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Length (types), 7 mm.; width, 9-2.9 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, and two paratypes in

my own collection. Types and one paratype were collected at

San Diego, the other paratype at Pacific Grove, Monterey

County, California, all by myself.

In lamentabilis the mentum is transverse, about a half wider

than long, with the apex transverse and more or less feebly

sinuate ; surface rather more roughly sculptured than in ven-

tura and microsticta. It differs from these, also, in being

shorter, more cylindrical in form and in being rather more

obtuse anteriorly and posteriorly. Parviceps and muscula are

broader, the former oblong-oval, the latter oval.

In lamentabilis I have observed a distinct molar at base of

both mandibles within, similar to those described by me in

Eleodes (Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus.).

Coniontis nemoralis slevini Blaisdell, new variety

The California Academy of Sciences and the author are in-

debted to Mr. L. S. Slevin of Carmel, Monterey County, Cali-

fornia, for a series of specimens of a phase of Coniontis nemo-

ralis Esch., which show a noticeable divergence from the typical

form. Pleretofore it has been referred to nemoralis. When

studied in a block system arrangement its differences stand out

to such an extent that no doubt is entertained as to its claim to

varietal standing.

Female. Form moderately elongate-oval, less robust than nemo-

ralis, and more convex. Color dark nigro-piceous; legs and antennae

more or less dark rufo-piceous; surface smooth and moderately

shining. Pubescence inconspicuous, consisting of sparsely placed and

very short, soft hairs as in nemoralis.

Head finely and sparsely punctate; epistomal apex broadly, sub-

triangularly emarginate; emargination shallow and rounded at

bottom. Pronotum very minutely and sparsely punctate, punctures

more or less obsolete in the central area. Elytra very finely punc-

tate, punctures inconspicuous; disc slightly rugose on the apical

declivity. Epipleura narrow and subequal in width in basal two-

thirds.

Prosternal process narrow, not margined and very sparsely, finely

punctured; elsewhere beneath finely and not very distinctly punc-

tate. Otherwise as in nemoralis.

Male. Rather narrower than the female, sometimes subcunei-

form.

Length (types) 9-10.6 mm. ; width, 4-5 mm.

OCTOBER, 1924] BLAISDELL, SR. NEW CENTRIOPTERA

Holotype, female, No. 1595, and allotype, male, No. 1596,

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Para-

types in the Academy’s collection and in that of the author.

The types were collected at Point Lobos, near Carmel, Mon-

terey County, California, on August 1, 1919.

In slevini the mentum is transverse with basal impressions ;

disc coarsely punctate; sides moderately arcuate, apex broadly

and moderately deeply emarginate ; emargination nearly rounded

at bottom; angles of the lobes blunt, scarcely at all rounded.

In nemoralis the mentum is similar in form, with basal and

other impressions and coarsely punctate; angles of the lobes

rounded ; emargination almost subtriangular. Prosternal proc-

ess not margined (female) or more or less margined (male),

with surface sparsely punctate.

A NEW CENTRIOPTERA FROM TEXAS

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

In the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,

Fourth Series, Vol. VII, No. 12, July 10, 1923, page 251, I

gave a synoptic table of the species of Centrioptera. In that

table was included the species described below; the synoptic

statement gave only the salient characteristics. At that time

all of the known species, with the exception of utensis Casey

had been at hand. Since the appearance of the synoptic table

two new species have been described by Colonel Casey in his

Memoirs on the Coleoptera XI, 1924. His serrata from Las

Vegas, Nevada, is unknown to me, but, from the attending

remarks regarding it, must be closely related to muricata Lee.

I have received many specimens of muricata Lee. from La

Puerta on the border of the Colorado Desert, Imperial County;

also, from Palm Springs and Eastern San Diego County, Cali-

fornia. It is true, as in all species, there is a marked variation

in size and strength of sculpturing. These variations occur in

a series from any one locality and are individual and ecological

(forms). My own series demonstrate these facts. The larger

specimens are more strongly sculptured than the smaller ones.

I consider elongata Casey, recently described, as not even vari-

etally different from muricata Lee.

88 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

Centrioptera texana Blaisdell, new species

Form subovate, rather robust, feebly convex on the dorsum, not

strongly sculptured, a little more than twice as long as wide. Color

dull black, scarcely shining.

Head moderate in size, moderately coarsely, rather evenly and

quite densely punctate, surface feebly impressed; sides feebly arcu-

ate and convergent anteriorly, angles rather narrowly rounded.

Epistoma arcuato-truncate at apex. Eyes quite narrow. Antennae

moderate in length and slightly stout.

Pronotum about a third wider than long; apex broadly emargi-

nate, transversely so in middle four-sixths, thence oblique to the

acute and moderately anteriorly prominent angles; sides broadly

and rather strongly arcuate, becoming sinuate and parallel in basal

fifth, marginal bead rather small; base feebly and very broadly sinu-

ate; basal angles subacute and slightly prominent posteriorly; disc

very moderately convex, feebly impressed along the sides, finely and

very sparsely punctate, punctures larger and more abundant along

the sides in the impressed area. Propleura obsoletely rugose and

opaque.

Elytra rather broadly oval, base quite truncate, humeri obtuse and

distinct; sides broadly and moderately arcuate; apex rather broadl}^

rounded and somewhat lobed; disc very feebly convex on the dor-

sum, strongly rounded and rather rapidly indexed at the sides, quite

strongly and rather obliquely declivous at apex, ornamented with

series of feeble and elongate tubercles which are subacute pos-

teriorly, and quite obsolete near the suture, with alternate rows of

small punctures which become somewhat asperate laterally.

Meso and metasternal side pieces rather densely but not strongly

punctate, sculpturing somewhat corroded. Abdomen strongly and

sparsely punctate, punctures slightly coarse, more so on fifth seg-

ment; strongly rugose on first segment, less so on the second. Legs

moderate in length and stoutness; rather densely sculptured.

Length, 23 mm. ; width, 9.5 mm.

Type No. 1597, of doubtful sex (probably a female), in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences, collected by

C. D. Duncan, at Del Rio, Valverde County, Texas, on July 27,

1921.

In texana the mesosternum is declivous and rather deeply

impressed along the middle ; prosternal process obtuse at apex

and but feebly prolonged behind the coxae, surface strongly

rugoso-punctate and grooved along the median, line. Mentum

slightly transverse, subcordate, with the lateral lobes quite

evenly rounded at apex, the latter feebly emarginate at middle

Texana differs from all other species in its strongly declivous

mesosternum and densely, strongly, punctate head.

OCTOBER, 1924] CHAMBERLIN HESPEROCHERNES LAURiT: 89

HESPEROCHERNES LAUR^, A NEW SPECIES

OF FALSE SCORPION FROM CALIFORNIA

INHABITING THE NEST OF VESPA

BY JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

Riverside, California

Hesperochernes J. C. Chamberlin, new genus

Orthotype, Hesperochernes laur<F n. sp., California.

Tarsi single-segmented; femoral articulations all distinct, those of

HI and IV structurally very different from I and II (Figs. E, F) ;

trochanter III and IV never pedicellate and always differing struc-

turally from I and II (Figs. E, F); neither eyes nor eye-spots

present; flagellum of four blades; galea slightly larger and more

complex in female than in male; sub-basal and basal setae of cheli-

cerae both stout and with minute terminal and marginal teeth (basal

seta shortest) ; laminal and interior setae long, slender and acuminate,

exterior seta short acuminate as is the galeal seta; lamina exterior

well developed; lamina interior with a slender, dentate, terminal

tooth and three more or less dentate sub-apical lobes; fingers of

claw with a few accessory teeth (Figs. B, C) ; chsetotaxy of claw as

figured (Figs. B, C) ; poison duct of long type, in movable finger

only, the nodus ramosus lying between T and ST; carapace and

tergites as well as appendages more or less evenly and finely rugose;

clothed with broadly dento-spatulate or clavate set«; tactile seta of

tibia and tarsus IV both lacking; tarsus IV with a dome-like “sense-

spot,” one-third removed from base of segment; abdomen without

terminal tactile setae; 'fourth legs extending even with or slightly

beyond tip of abdomen; interscutal and intersegmental membranes

of a rugosely wrinkled or papillate character, with the scutae them-

selves small and more or less round-cornered, never sharply de-

limited, merging more or less gradually into the intersegmental and

interscutal membranes; last four tergites and sternites slightly but

distinctly recurved; male genital structures of the type here figured

(Fig. I); seminal receptacles of female, as in Chernes, consisting of

a pair of long, slender, more or less coiled tubes which terminate

internally in a conspicuous sub-ovate enlargement; chaetotaxy of

vulva of type figured (Fig. J); carapace distinctly longer than

greatest breadth (which point is distinctly anterior to the posterior

margin) ; both carapacal furrows equally well developed, prominent

and groove-like; the anterior furrow of the carapace slightly nearer

the posterior than the anterior carapacal margin, the posterior fur-

row distinctly nearer the posterior border than to the anterior

furrow; legs typical; coxal area of ordinary type, fairly hirsute

(Fig. D); tergal and sternal border setae numbering from 8-12 per

segment.

This new genus is closely related to true Chernes, differing

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. I, NO. 2

therefrom principally in having one more blade in the flagel-

lum, a carapace distinctly longer than the greatest (posterior)

breadth and in possessing considerably fewer tergal and sternal

border setae. In addition to these characters the male genitalia

exhibit some important differences.

No doubt some of the already described “Chelanops” of the

Pacific Coast will also fall into this genus, but none can be

referred hereto on the basis of the literature alone. The new

genus will probably be found to be precinctive to the western

portion of North America.

Hesperochernes laurae J. G. Chamberlin, new species

Holotype, 6, JC-530.01001 ; allotype, ?, JC-530.01002, Stan-

ford University campus, California, collected by Mr. Carl D.

Duncan of San Jose State Teachers’ College, “in the nest of the

common terrestrial yellowjacket” (Vespa occidentalis Cr. ?),

July 19, 1924. Holotype and allotype are in the author’s col-

lection. Paratypes will be deposited in the collections of the

California Academy of Sciences and the Department of Ento-

mology of Stanford University. The type collection comprises

10 adult and 4 immature individuals. A single adult female of

this species was collected in the nest of a wasp (also at Stan-

ford University) by Dr. Isabel McCracken, who very kindly

turned the specimen over to the writer.

Male. Anterior carapacal furrow twice as far removed from pos-

terior furrow as posterior furrow is from posterior carapacal mar-

gin; palpi essentially as in female (Fig. A); arrangement of tactile

setae, accessory teeth and poison duct shown in Fig. B; movable

finger with about 45 sub-equally developed, contiguous, conical

teeth, fixed finger with 39 or 40; sense-spots few, 1-3 at base of each

finger; galea smaller than in female (Fig. G); serrula exterior with

seventeen teeth, the basal one of which is double as long as the

others and slenderly acute (Fig. H); anterior blade of flagellum

broadest and longest, anteriorly dentate; other flagellal blades suc-

cessively shorter and slenderer, the fourth very small; tergal chaeto-

taxy, 9:9:8: 2-0/10: 2-0/10: 2-0/10: 2-0/10: 2-0/10; ventral chaeto-

taxy (beginning with fourth segment, even with posterior spiracles),

8: 12: 16: 12: 11: 10: 10; tergal setae broadly dento-spatulate or clav-

ate (Fig. K) ; interior palpal setae clavate, exterior less so, in some

cases scarcely more than thickened dentate type; exterior setae of 7th

ventrite clavate, inner ones simple; all but median setae of 8th ven-

trite clavate; all border setae of 9-1 1th ventrites clavate; last ventral

segments with a fair number of scattered microlyrifissures; with

OCTOBER, 1924] CHAMBERLIN HESPEROCHERNES LAUR^ 91

about four lyrifissures to each tergite and sternite; genitalia (general

appearance) as shown in Fig. 1.

Female. Similar in most respects to male; palpus as shown in

Fig. A; structures of claw shown in Fig. C; galea somewhat larger

and more complex than in male (Fig. L) ; fingers of claw each with

two or three more marginal teeth than in the male; chsetotaxy of

vulva shown in Fig. J.

Male (Holotype) JC-530.01001. Total length, 2.2 mm. K, 0.64

mm. Carapace (1,13-0.64, 0.89). Chelicera (0.32-0.17, 0.24). Palpus

(0.61-0.36, 0.51-0.47) (0.60-0.31) (1.00-0.32) (0.97-0.37) (1.57-0.53)

(0.82-0.22). Leg I, (0.24-0.38, 0.35-0.39) (0.23-0.16) (0.27-0.19, 0.46-

0.16) (0.54-0.12) (0.53-0.08). Leg IV, (0.12-0.24, 0.35-0.32) (0.22-

0.19) (0.30-0.19, 0.65-0.19) (0.81-0.13) (0.60-0.09).

Female (Allotype) JC-530.01002. Total length, 2.6 mm. K, 0,67

mm. Carapace (1.10-0.65, 0.96). Chelicera (0.38-0.18, 0.26). Palpus

(0.62-0.38, 0.54-0.49) (0.65-0.34) (1.00-0.35) (0.94-0.39) (1.58-0.55)

(0.81-0.21). Leg I, (0.26-0.40, 0.37-0.42) (0.23-0.18) (0.26-0.20, 0.51-

0.18) (0.53-0.12) (0.52-0.09). Leg IV (0.18-0.22, 0.41-0.31) (0.26-0.23)

(0.34-0.19, 0.69-0.21) (0.78-0.14) (0.63-0.10).

Remarks. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the neces-

sity of accurate appendicular measurements in making correct

determinations of species belonging to this and other related

genera.

This species is named for Laura Anne Chamberlin,

Captions for Figures

(See next page)

Hesperochernes laurce n. sp. Structural abbreviations (and

mode of taking measurements) are the same as utilized by the

present author in “The Cheiridiinae of North America,” Pan-

Pacific Entomologist, I, pp. 32 and 40.

A, ventral aspect of right palpus. $ 530.01002. B, fingers

of claw showing structural details. 6 530.01001. C, fingers of

claw showing structural details. $ 530.01002. D, coxae of

left legs, 2 530.01002. E, trochanter and femur of leg IV.

6 530.01001. F, trochanter and femur of leg I. 6 530.01001.

G, galea. 6 530.01001. H, basal teeth of serrula exterior.

6 530.01001. I, general appearance of male genitalic struc-

tures. 6 530.01003. J. chaetotaxy of vulva. $ 530.01002. K,

tergal seta from median tergite, $ 530.01002. L, tip of cheli-

cera of female showing structural details. 2 530.01002.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

PERSONALS

Mr. P, H. Timberlake, formerly of the Hawaiian Sugar

Planters’ Association of Honolulu, is now at the Citrus Experi-

ment Station, Riverside, California, where he is associated with

Professor Harry S. Smith in the study and introduction of

beneficial insects.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee has recently returned from Arizona,

where, in association with Mr. J. O. Martin, he spent five

weeks collecting insects for the entomological department of the

California Academy of Sciences. Conditions there were un-

favorable, in that the summer rainfall had been deficient and

insect life had not developed as freely as usual. However, a

very considerable collection of insects was obtained, among

them about five thousand moths taken at light. These will sup-

plement the fine series of Arizona moths in the Koebele collec-

tion, and gives the Academy a really valuable representation

of the exceptionally interesting moth fauna of Arizona. The

beetles and other insects are now in the process of mounting,

and when this work is completed it is expectetd they will be

found equally as interesting as the moths.

OCTOBER, 1924]

ESSIG ECONOMIC NOTES

ECONOMIC NOTES

BY E. 0, ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

The Elm-leaf Beetle in California

The elm-leaf beetle, Galerucella xanthomelcena (Schrank)

(C. luteola Muller), has become firmly established in the city

of Fresno, California. On a visit to that city on August 19,

1924, the writer found large and small elms on about eighty

blocks infested. Many trees were completely defoliated, some

having put out new growth and been denuded, three times.

Two full generations of larvse had already appeared, and larvae

and pupae of the second brood were present in untold numbers

in the cracks of the bark and on the ground about the bases of

the large trees. Adults were emerging and laying eggs, and

there is every indication of a full third brood before winter.

Already the beetle has been carried to neighboring districts by

automobiles, but the County Horticultural Commissioner, F. P.

Roullard, has both the city and county united in a spray pro-

gram to reduce the pest as effectively and rapidly as possible.

This European pest is common in many parts of the United

States east of the Rocky Mountains, and is also known in parts

of Oregon and Washington in the West. This is, however, its

first appearance in California, where, due to our long dry sum-

mers and mild winters, it promises to be a very severe pest to

elm trees in cities. — E. O. Essig.

A Cypress Moth

A small brown pyralid moth, HercuUa phoezalis Dyar, was

taken in destructive numbers on Monterey cypress at San

Diego, California, June 14, 1924, by R. R. McLean, County

Horticultural Commissioner. The twigs were attacked and the

cocoons, which occurred abundantly, were covered with frass

and dead leaflets. The adults were determined by August

Busck. — E. O. Essig.

Protection of Seed Wheat From Insects

W. W. Mackie of the Division of Agronomy, University of

California, has found that the treatment of seed wheat for bunt

with copper carbonate dust applied dry at the rate of two ounces

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

per bushel kills all the weevils and other insects and absolutely

prevents reinfestation. — E. O. Essig.

The Mesquite Cutworm, Melipotis indomita

Walker

Though I have noted the work of the Mesquite cutworm

from year to year, this is the first season that it has occurred

in alarming numbers. I obtained some idea as to the number of

worms working on a single mesquite by counting those resting

under the trash during the day. Under a single, average bush

I was able to count over 300 worms, and there is no doubt that

as many more got away when the “nest” was disturbed. The

worms climb the limbs and feed on the leaves at night from the

time the mesquite first buds out in the spring until June 1, when

they are most numerous. About this time the worms leave their

common “nest,” go into the ground about one inch, and pupate.

In approximately fifteen days the adult moth emerges, and may

often: be seen resting on rocks and sticks in shady places. Mes-

quite bordering the Verde River for a distance of twenty miles

was practically without leaves up to June 1. After this time

the plants started, slowly getting ahead of the pests, though

even on the date of this writing (July 15) many bushes are

thinly leaved.

I have also observed injury from the worms in the Salt River

Valley near Phoenix, Arizona, and Mr. W. W. Jones reports

their occurrence in the Sulphur Springs Valley near Douglas,

Arizona. Observations so far indicate that the mesquite {Pro-

sopis glandulosa Torr.) is the only food plant.

While rearing more than fifty moths from larvae by cage-

feeding, I obtained two separate Dipterous parasites. These

were by no means numerous. — Harold R. Brisley.

Flea Larv^ in Sugar

On two occasions this summer the writer has received speci-

mens of living flea larvae in refined granulated sugar, one lot

from Napa, and the other from Ventura, California. In both

instances the larvae were apparently normally developed and

were finding the environment congenial. Infestation probably

occurred in grocery stores where cats were allowed to sleep on

the sacks. — E. O. Essig.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M.D., Treasurer

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Mr. F. C. Brosius very kindly opened the rooms of the State

Quarantine office in the Ferry Building for the September

meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society. These

rooms are centrally located for all members of the Society liv-

ing in the San Francisco Bay region, and proved to be well

adapted for such a meeting. Mr. F. C. Brosius and Mr. George

W. Wilson were most courteous hosts, and all the members

present expressed the wish that we might meet there again.

At this September meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomologi-

cal Society it was decided that the publication of their pro-

ceedings be continued for another year in the same form as

heretofore. During the early years of the Society, the minutes

of the meetings were issued to the members in mimeograph

form. About 1910 the Society began their publication in printed

form, and, as opportunity offered, devoted any unused funds in

the hands of the treasurer to the publication of the earlier

mimeographed reports, beginning with the first meeting in 1901.

During the past summer. Dr. Blaisdell, secretary-treasurer of

the Society, through a special appeal, raised money for the

completion of this work, and at the last meeting was able to

distribute to the members present the final issue of these early

minutes.* Thus, the Society now has, in printed form, its com-

plete minutes for the twenty-three years it has been in exist-

tence. Volume I of these Proceedings consists of fifteen signa-

tures, without pagination, covering the first to the eightieth

meetings, and making a volume of 187 pages. These are offered

for sale by the treasurer at $5 the volume. In binding, they

should be arranged serially by the number of the meeting.

Volume II began in 1921 and bears page numbers. The sep-

arate signatures of Volume II are sent free to members of the

Society, others can procure them from the treasurer at 50 cents

* The publication of the minutes of the thirty-sixth meeting, complet-

ing the series, is under way. The sheet containing these minutes can be

substituted for pages 77 and 78, now blank.

96 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 2

for each yearly number. ) These Proceedings contain abstracts

of papers presented to the Society and short contributions of a

biological and descriptive character, and are of permanent

value.

The gift by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of his large collection of

Coleoptera to the California Academy of Sciences was an-

nounced in the last number of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist.

Shortly after that, and through the kind offices of Mr. W. M.

Giffard of Honolulu and Mr. E. K. Taylor of Alameda, attor-

ney for Mr. Albert Koebele, the greater part of the large and

valuable collection of insects accumulated by Mr. Koebele,

through many years of diligent work, was deposited in the

museum of the California Academy of Sciences, reserving only

the Coccinellidae and the parasitic Hynienoptera, which went to

the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association at Honolulu. Mr.

Koebele’s collection is especially strong in the Lepidoptera, con-

taining a remarkably fine series of North American Noctuidse,

mostly determined, and an extensive series of Arizona moths.

It also contains a large collection of scale insects of exceptional

value. Mr. Koebele, who unfortunately is in poor health, is

now living in Germany. In his absence his collection was stored

in his former home at Alameda, where it was in great danger

of destruction by fire and insect pests. As now placed in the

Academy of Sciences, it is safe, is available for study, and con-

stitutes a most valuable addition to the entomological resources

of the Academy.

Another noteworthy addition to the department of ento-

mology at the Academy is the collection of butterflies assembled

by the late Henry M. Holbrook of San Francisco, and left by

will to the Academy. This bequest was accompanied by a gift

of $2000 to cover the cost of installment and proper develop-

ment of the collection.

On page 43 of the July number of this journal occurs an

error that requires correction. The name ''Tetrechus spinitar-

sis” should read Tachytrechus spinitarsis.

Mr. Joseph C. Chamberlin, until recently located at Stan-

ford University, is now at the Citrus Experiment Station,

Riverside, California, assisting Professor Smith in the work of

his department.

-i' ' '

;-vv.

■■ '

VoI.I

January, 1925

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-opei:atiou with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

MUIR, ON THE GENERA OF CIXIID^, MEENOPLID^ AND KINNARIDAE , 97

VAN DYKE, STUDIES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN CARABINE . . .Ill

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, TWO NEW CALIFORNIAN LIMACODID MOTHS . 126

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN

RELATION TO THE STRETCH COLLECTION 127

COCKERELL, THE ENTOMOLOGY OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA . . .139

ESSIG, ECONOMIC NOTES 142

EDITORIAL COMMENT AND PERSONALS 144

San Francisco, California

1925

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. A. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

W. W. Henderson, Logan, Utah

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke^ Associate Editor

F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Application for entry as second-class matter is pending.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. I, No. 3. January, 1925

ON TPIE GENERA OF CIXIID^, MEENOPLID^ AND

KINNARID^ (FULGOROIDyE, HOMOPTERA)

BY F. MUIR

Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station,

Honolulu, T. H.

There are between ten and eleven hundred genera of Homop-

tera which are grouped together by most Homopterists as a

single family, the Fulgoridse. In a recent publication ^ the

writer tried to show good reasons for regarding the genera of

this group as consisting of fifteen families, which can be

divided into two groups according to the types of male geni-

talia. Both the Tettigometridse and the Cixiidse were shown to

contain genera belonging to both of these groups, and it was

suggested that the two subfamilies of the Cixiidse may have

arisen separately from tettigometrid forms, and that the Tetti-

gometridse may be the modern specialized representatives

of the primitive fulgorids. Since then the writer has had

the opportunity to examine more genera of Tettigometridse,

and he has become more strongly convinced that this in-

teresting group is of prime importance for understanding

the relationship of the various families of fulgorids. While

the Tettigometridse are very similar in external appearances,

they have very diverse forms of male genitalia, which, to

the writer, indicates considerable antiquity. Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee has expressed the opinion that the family is more dis-

tinctly separated from the rest of the fulgorids than are the

other families from one another. This opinion the writer

shares, and he has indicated it in the paper above mentioned,

especially in the diagram of the affinities of the families. But

he would not, on this account, sink the other families into one

family, but rather consider the Tettigometridae as a super-

family, if it be necessary to establish a distinction. If this

should be done it could then be divided into two families, one

in which the periandrium is large and the penis passes through

1 Proceedings Hawaiian Entomological Society, V, 2 (1923), pp. 205-247.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

it (Tettigometra) , and the other in which the periandrium is

basad and the penis is distad (Egropa). The latter would then

divide into two groups, one in which the genital styles are dis-

tinct and movable {Egropa), and the other in which they are

missing or only represented by fixed processes (Nototettigo-

metra). Until the male genitalia of more genera have been

examined, it is not possible to say into which of the groups the

other genera should be placed.

This conclusion naturally affects the classification of the

Cixiidse because the Meenoplinas would be descended from a

tettigometrid stock and the Cixiinae from an egropid stock, and

it would, therefore, be illogical to keep them in one family.

Apart from this theoretical line of reasoning, there are very

strong reasons for dividing Cixiinse from the Meenoplinae.

The two groups are so very distinct that, were it not for the

presence of the median ocellus, very few workers would place

them together. As it is, the Meenoplinae have been placed in the

Derbidae, Achilidae, and Cixiidae by different workers, which in

itself is enough to indicate their distinctiveness.

The decision to regard the Cixiidae and Meenoplidae as two

families raises the question as to the status of the genus Kin-

nara. This genus has the meenoplid type of male genitalia and

so cannot go into the Cixiidae, except as a matter of expediency

to dispose of an inconvenient genus; its relationship to the

Meenoplidae is not close, and to place it in that family would

be to break down the chief characters upon which that family

is recognized. It holds the same position in the meenoplid

group of families as Achilixius does in the cixiid group, and

it appears to the writer that the best way to deal with it would

be to place it in a family by itself, the Kinnaridae. That this

decision will meet with opposition from those who regard the

whole of the fulgorids as only constituting one family is nat-

ural, but to those who consider them as constituting a number

of families this decision will appear logical.

While the writer considers that the Cixiidae (sens, lat.) should

be divided into three families, in the present list and table he

has dealt with them together, as most workers will expect

to find them so, and the chief object of this paper is for

convenience.

The list contains 120 generic and 2 subgeneric names, of

which 88 are treated as good genera, 28 as direct synonomies,

JANUARY, 1925]

MUIR CIXIID^

3 as preoccupied, and 1 {Bordicea Walker) discarded for the

present.

Most of the synonomies have been accepted by several

workers and are, most probably, correct; some of the new

synonomies may also be correct, but others may be open to

doubt, and only represent the writer's present knowledge. The

genus Ptoleria Stal, as recognized by the writer, is a large

group, and it is hoped that future study will lead to the resur-

rection of some of the synonomized genera, but from his

present knowledge the writer cannot uphold them.

List of Genera of Cixiid^ (sens, lat.)

( II = direct synonomies; § = preoccupied)

1. AcHiEMENES Stal 1866, Hem. Afr. IV, pp. 165, 170. Type A. nota-

tinervis Stal.

II Adana Stal 1856, Of. Vet. Ak. Fordh. XIII, p. 16. Type A.

ivest'woodi Stk\ = Bothriocera tinealis Burm.

2. Adolenda Distant 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) VIII, p. 740.

Type A. typica Dist.

3. Adolendana Distant 1917, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XVII, p. 278.

Type A. typica Dist.

II Adzapala Distant 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) VIII, p. 739.

Type A. greeni Dist. = Oliarus Stal.

4. Aka White 1879, Ent. Mo. Mag. XV, p. 216. Type Cixius finitimus

Walker.

II Amabalangoda Distant 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) IX, p. 187.

Type A. insignis Dist. = Ptoleria Stal.

5. Andes Stal 1866, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 166. No species mentioned.

Type A. undulata Stal 1871, Of. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 747. This

genus will date from the latter date. Syn. Leirio'essa Kirk.

6. Anigrus Stal 1866, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 172. Type A. sordidus Stal.

7. Anila Distant 1906, Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. Ill, p. 260. Type A.

fuliginosa Distant.

8. Aulocorypha Berg 1879, Hem. Arg., p. 221. Type A. punctulata

Berg.

II Australoma Kirkaldy 1907, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. Ill,

p. 114. Type A. austrina Kirk. = Ptoleria Stal.

II Bajauana Distant 1907, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) XIX, p. 211 .

Type Brixia rufula Walk.

II Burma Distant 1906, Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. Ill, p. 266. Type

B. diversa Dist. = Borysthenes Stal.

II Bathymeria Muir 1922, Journ. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 65. Type

B. helmsi Muir = Cajeta Stal.

9. Benna Walker 1857, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. I, p. 90. Type B.

capitulata Walker.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

10. Bennaria Melichar 1914, Philip. Journ. Sci. D. IX, p. 175. Type

B. bimaculata Mel.

11. Betacixius Matsumura 1914, Annotat. Zoolog. Japan, VIII, 3-4,

p. 412. Type B. ocellatus Mats.

— . Bodecia Walker 1868, Pro. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., X, p. 117. Type

B. varipes Walk.

12. Borysthenes Stal 1866, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 165, no species men-

tioned; 1866, Berl. Ent. Zeit., p. 165, Cixius finitus Walker

selected as type. Syn. Burma Dist.; Vademela Melichar.

13. Bothriocera Burmeister 1835, Handb. Ent. II, p. 156. Type B.

tinealis Burm. Syn. Adana Stal.

14. Bothriocerodes Fowler 1904, Bio. Cent. Amer. Horn. I, p. 80.

Type B. ‘variegatus Fowler.

15. Brixia Stal 1856, Of. Vet. Ak. Forh. XIII, p. 162. Type Derhe

natalicola Stal. Syn. Triopsis Sign; Curiatius Dist.

16. Brixidia Haglund 1899, Of. Vet. Ak. Forh. LVI, p. 60. Type B.

nebulosa Hagl. (The type specimen is labeled Brixiola nebu-

losa Hagl.)

17. Cajeta Stal 1866, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 150, no species mentioned;

1866, Berlin Ent. Zeit. X, p. 391. C. singularis, type described.

Syn. Bathymeria helmsi Muir.

18. Calamister Kirkaldy 1906, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. I, p. 396.

T 3 "pe C. obscurus Kirk.

19. Calerda Signoret 1863, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), III, p. 583.

Type C. biocellata Sign.

il Caneirona Distant 1916, Faun. Brit. Ind. Rh^m. VI, p. 38. Type

C. indica Dist. = Ptoleria Stal.

20. Carolus Kirkaldy 1906, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. I (9), p. 401.

Type C. crispus Kirk.

II Ciocixius Metcalf 1923, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Scien. Soc., p. 183,

Type Cixius dorsivittatus Van Duzee = Pintalia.

21. CixiosoMA Berg. 1879, Hem. Argen., p. 220. Type C. platensis

Berg.

22. Cixius Latreille 1804, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. XII, p. 310. Type

Cicada nervosa L. Syn. Vincentia.

23. CoLVANALiA Muir. n. g.

II Commolenda Distant 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) VIII, p. 741.

Type C. deusta Dist. = Ptoleria Stal.

II Cotyleceps Uhler 1895, Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lond., p. 63. Type C. deco-

rata Uhler = Pintalia Stal.

24. CuBANA Uhler 1895, Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lond., p. 62. Type C, tortrix

Uhler.

II Curiatius Distant 1917, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XVII, p. 285.

Type C. insignis Distant = Brixia Stal.

25. Diacira Stal. 1860, K. Sven. Vet. Ak. Hand. Ill, No. 6, p.' 3. Type

D. moerens Stal.

26. Duilius Stal 1858, Of. Vet. Ak. Forh. XV, p. 319. Type Z). tenuis

Stal.

JANUARY, 1925]

MUIR CIXIID.E

101

27. Dystheatias Kirkaldy 1907, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. Ill,

p. 113. Type D. heecheyi Kirk. Syn. Quirosia Kirk.; Saccharias

Kirk.

II Entithena Fieber 1866, Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien. XVI, p. 499. Type

Plata musi'va Germ. = Myndus Stal.

28. Eparmene Fowler 1904, Bio. Cent. Amer. Horn. I, p. 81. Type

E. pulchella Fowler.

29. Epoliarus Matsumura 1910, Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXVII, p. 11.

Type E. politus Mats.

30. Eponisia Matsumura 1914, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. XII, p. 285.

Type E. guttula Mats.

31. Eucarpia Walker 1856, Jour. Linn. Soc. Loud. Zoo. I, p. 159.

Type E. unimtta Walk.

32. Euryphlepsia Muir 1922, Philip. Jour. Sci. XX, p. 114. Type E.

amboinensis Muir.

33. Gelastocephalus Kirkaldy 1906, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. I,

p. 396. Type G. ornithoides Kirk.

II Haplacha Lethierry 1874, Pet. Nouv. Ent. I, p. 444. Type H.

seticulosa Leth. = Hemiiropis Fieb.

34. Haplaxius Fowler 1904, Bio. Cent. Amer. Horn. I, p. 80. Type

H. lavis Fowler.

35. Hemitropis Fieber 1866, Ver. z. b. Ges. Wien. XVI, p. 499. Type

H. bipunctata Fieber. Syn. Haplacha Leth.

36. Huttia Myers 1924, Trans. New Zealand Inst. LV, p. 321. Type

H. nigrifrons Myers.

37. Hyalesthes Signoret 1865, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), V, p, 128.

Type H. obsoletus Sign. Syn. Liorhinus Kirschb.

38. Inxwala Distant 1907, Ins. Transval., p. 197. Type I. modesta

Distant.

39. loLANiA Kirkaldy 1902, Faun. Haw. Ill, p. 118. Type I. perkinsi

Kirk.

40. Ipsnola Signoret 1885, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6), V, p. 69. Type

7. sextuberculafa Sign.

41. Kermesia Melichar 1903, Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 52. Type K. al~

bida Mel.

42. Kinnara Distant 1906, Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. Ill, p. 289. Type

Pleroma ceylonica Melichar. New name for Pleroma Melichar,

preoccupied.

§ Kirbya Melichar 1903, Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 37. Type K.

pagana Mel.; preoccupied = Kirbyana Dist.

43. Kirbyana Distant 1906, Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. Ill, p. 262. New

name for Kirbya Mel. Syn. Kirbyella Kirk.

II Kirbyella Kirkaldy 1906, Entomologist, p. 248. New name for

Kirbya yLelichsiV = Kirbyana Dist.

44. Koroana Myers 1924, Trans. New Zealand Inst. LV, p. 319. Type

K. helena Myers.

104 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

81. Robigalia Distant 1916, Faun. Brit. India, Rhyn. VI, p. 56. Type

R. butleri Distant.

II Sacckarias Kirkaldy 1907, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. LI, p. 125, Type

S. deventeri Kirk. = Dystheatias Kirk.

82. Semo White 1879, Ent. Mo. Mag. XV, p. 217. Type S. clypeatus

White.

83. Salonaima Kirkaldy 1906, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. I, p. 396.

Type S. solonaima Kirkaldy. Syn. Talaloa Distant.

84. SouTHiA Kirkaldy 1904, Entomologist, XXXVII, p. 279. New

name for Paulia Stal preoccupied. Type Delphax opposita. Fabr.

85. Stenophlepsia Muir 1922, Philip. Jour. Sci. XX, No. 1, p. 117.

Type S. fia‘va Muir,

86. Suva Kirkaldy 1906, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. I (9), p. 428.

Type S. ioebelei Kirk.

II Talaloa Distant 1907, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) XIX, p. 295.

Type T. pallescens Dist, = Solonaima Kirk.

87. Tiriteana Myers 1924, Trans. New Zealand Inst. LV, p. 325.

Type T. clarkei.

88. Trigonocranus Fieber 1876, Rev. Zool, (3) III, p. 349. Type T.

emmece Fieb.

II Triopsis Signoret 1860, Ann, Soc. Ent. France (3) VIII, p. 187.

Type T. fasciata Sign. = Brixia Stal.

88. Trirhacus Fieber 1876, Rev. Zool. (3) III, p. 354. Type T. setu-

losus Fieber.

II Urz'illea Kirkaldy 1907, Haw. Sugar Pltrs. Ent. Bull. Ill, p. 110.

Type U. melanesica Kirk. = Oliarus.

II Vademela Melichar 1914, Notes Leiden Mus. XXXVI, p. 100.

Type V. fusconotata Mel. = Borysthenes Stal.

II Vincentia Uhler 1895, Pro. Zool. Soc. Lond,, p. 67. Type V. in-

terrupta Uhler = Cixius.

90. VoLCANALiA Distant 1917, Trans. Linn. Soc. Loud. XVII, p. 279.

Type V. typica Dist.

Dichotomous Table of the Genera of Cixiid^t:

(sens, lat.)

1. (142) Clavus not granulate.

cixiiD^, sens, stric.

2. (133) No subantennal process and antennae not sunk into a pit.

CIXIINI

3. (6) Sc, R and M all arising from basal cell and not forming a

Stalk; body laterally compressed; tegmina steeply tecti-

form.

4. (5) Front cox^ not produced, straight on outer margin, Andes.

5. (4) Front coxae considerably produced and rounded on outer

margin, Parandes.

6. (3) Sc, R and M not all arising from basal cell, two or more

forming a stalk.

JANUARY, 1925]

MUIR CIXIIDiE

105

7. (100) Sc + R forming a stalk, M arising from basal cell, or from

the base of Sc + R but not forming a common stalk with

them.

8. (11) Base of abdomen with a pair of long, slender processes;

abdomen laterally compressed, tegmina steeply tecti-

form.

9. (10) Median frontal carina distinct, Benna.

10. (9) Median frontal carina absent or indistinct, Bennaria.

11. (8) Base of abdomen without processes.

12. (37) Body considerably compressed laterally; tegmina steeply

tectiform, apical margins coming together when at rest.

Ovipositor generally complete, female pygofer generally

longer than wide, sometimes with a longitudinal depres-

sion in which the ovipositor reposes.

13. (20) Vertex conical or the length in middle twice or more the

width at apex; vertex generally produced considerably in

front of eyes.

14. (15) Clypeus without lateral carinse; no median frontal carina

or only on apical half, Gelastocephalus.

15. (14) Lateral carinae on clypeus and median carina on frons

distinct.

16. (19) Length of vertex in middle considerably greater than

width at base.

17. (18) Vertex narrow, base acutely angularly emarginate, apical

transverse carina acutely angular, Nesocharis.

18. (17) Vertex broader, base roundly emarginate, apex truncate

with the median carina of frons projecting in middle,

apex but slightly narrower than base, Adolendana.

19. (16) Length of vertex less than the width at base, Nothocharis.

20. (13) Length of vertex in middle less than twice the width at

apex.

21. (22) Seven apical Rs and seven apical Ms (1, a, b, 2, 3, 4, a),

Melandeva.

22. (21) Four or less apical Rs and seldom more than five api-

cal Ms.

23. (32) A distinct transverse carina across vertex, curved, angular

or straight, apart from a carina more or less distinct

dividing frons from vertex, which it ofttimes touches in

the middle.

24. (27) Base of vertex acutely angularly, or deeply roundly emar-

ginate.

25. (26) Apex of vertex angularly emarginate; apex of tegmina

broad, subtruncate; forking of M3 — 4 near to Mf, M4a

present. Second segment of antenna longer than wide,

Brixidia.

26. (25) Apex of vertex not emarginate. Fork of Ml-2 near to

Mf; apex of tegmina round, Cubana.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

(24) Base of vertex not angularly emarginate, straight or shal-

lowly rounded.

(29) Face considerably wider than long, Leptochlamys.

(28) Face not wider than long, or but very slightly.

(31) Apex of vertex subequal in width to base, length subequal

to width, sides slightly arcuate, median frontal carina

projecting in front, Achcemenes,

(30) Vertex broader at base than at apex, Pintalia.

(23) No median transverse carina on vertex (not counting api-

cal carina dividing vertex from frons).

(34) Vertex distinctly angularly emarginate at apex, Kirby ana.

(33) Vertex truncate at apex or very slightly produced or

emarginate.

(36) Vertex rather long, length in middle equal to or greater

than the width at apex, Dystheatias.

(35) Width at apex greater than the length in middle, Ptoleria.

(12) Body not considerably compressed laterally, tegmina not

so steeply tectiform, apical margins not coming together

when at rest. Ovipositor often incomplete, female pygo-

fer often flat, broader than long and secreting long wax

filments.

(39) M3 and M4 forking close to Mf; Ml and M2 forking

much farther away from Mf, Mnemosyne.

(38) The fork of Ml and M2 nearer to Mf than the fork of

M3 and M4.

(53) Mesonotum with five carinse.

(42) Face without a median longitudinal carina, Huttia.

(41) Face with a median longitudinal carina, sometimes im-

perfect.

(44) Median frontal carina forked about middle, obscure over

base of frons and apex of vertex; no transverse carina on

vertex, Malpha.

(43) Median frontal carina simple or forked basad of middle.

(52) A transverse carina on vertex apart from the apical one.

(49) A median longitudinal carina between the transverse

carina and base of vertex.

(48) Transverse carina forming a single arc, Mesoliarus.

(47) Transverse carina forming two arcs, Epoliarus.

(46) No median longitudinal carina on vertex, or only on basal

portion and not reaching transverse carina.

(51) Vertex with an acutely angular transverse carina which

joins the apical transverse carina in middle, thus form-

ing two areolets on the apical lateral portions of vertex.

(a) Hawaiian species, Oliarus subgenus Nesoliarus.

(b) Not Hawaiian species, typical Oliarus.

JANUARY,

51. (SO)

52.

(45)

53.

(40)

54.

(55)

55.

(54)

56.

(63)

57.

(58)

58.

(57)

59.

(60)

60.

(59)

61.

(62)

62.

(61)

63.

(56)

64.

(65)

65.

(64)

66.

(67)

67.

(66)

68.

(85)

69.

(74)

70.

(71)

71.

(70)

72.

(73)

73.

(72)

74.

(69)

75.

(76)

76.

(75)

77.

(82)

1925] MUIR — cixiiD^ 107

Vertex with a straight or nearly straight transverse carina

generally near apex, which is not connected with the

apical transverse carina.

(a) Hawaiian species, Oliarus subgenus Nesoliarus.

(b) Not Hawaiian species, Oliarus subgenus Nesopotnpe.

No transverse carina on vertex (excluding apical trans-

verse carina) ; Sc — R forking near stigma, Cu forking

near apex of clavus, Hyalesthes.

Mesonotum with less than five carinse.

Antenna as long as face, second segment much longer

than wide, Solonaima.

Antennae much shorter than face, second segment as wide

as long or but a little longer than wide.

Clypeus without median carina, with lateral carinae.

Vertex very short, width about eight times the length,

Moysella.

Vertex much longer in proportion.

Clypeus convex, swollen, Semo.

Clypeus flat, not swollen.

Apex of vertex truncate, fairly wide. Sc + R forking at

stigma, Cu forking at apex of clavus, Eparmene.

Apex of vertex narrow. Sc + R and Cu forking consider-

ably basad of stigma, Hemitropis.

Clypeus with a median carina.

Carina between vertex and frons obsolete, median frontal

carina absent or only present on apical portion, Kuvera.

Carina between vertex and frons and the median frontal

carina distinct.

Median frontal carina forking in apical half of frons. Aka.

Median frontal carina simple or forking before middle or

absent.

Vertex without a transverse carina.

Vertex much wider than long, apex truncate.

Basal half of frons slightly convex, apical half concave, no

median frontal carina, Diacira.

Basal half of frons not convex, the whole more or less

concave.

Tegmina broad, Mf basad of middle, Mundopa.

Tegmina narrower, Mf distad of middle, Bothriocerodes.

Vertex as long as, or longer than, wide.

Counting along the middle line more than half the vertex

projecting beyond the eyes; apex roundly conical,

Carolus.

Counting along the middle line less than half the vertex

projecting beyond the eyes; apex generally angular.

A distinct median longitudinal carina on vertex.

108

78.

(79)

79.

(78)

80.

(81)

81.

(80)

82.

(77)

83.

(84)

84.

(83)

85.

(68)

86.

(87)

87.

(86)

88.

(93)

89.

(90)

90.

(89)

91.

(92)

92.

(91)

93.

(88)

94.

(99)

95.

(96)

96.

(95)

97.

(98)

98.

(97)

99.

(94)

100.

(7)

101.

(104)

102.

(103)

103.

(102)

104.

(101)

105.

(106)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

Base of vertex truncate or but slightly emarginate, Trigo-

nocranus.

Base of vertex distinctly and deeply emarginate.

Median vein simple without branches, tegmina narrow be-

yond clavus, which reaches nearly to the apex, Trirhacus.

Clavus ending considerably before apex beyond which teg-

mina is slightly broadened and round; M with 5 apical

veins, 1, la, 2; 3, 4, Olonia.

No median longitudinal carina on vertex.

Length of vertex about six times the width, very narrow,

width at apex subequal to base, Volcanalia.

Vertex not so narrow, width at base subequal to length

in middle, apex much narrower than base, Colvanalia.

Vertex with a transverse carina apart from the carina be-

tween vertex and frons.

Pronotum with a distinct shoulder carina behind the eyes

to tegula, Calamister.

Pronotum without shoulder carina; lateral pronotal carinae

following hind margin of eyes and approaching the lat-

eral margin.

Transverse carina of vertex straight, near the middle of

vertex.

Front coxae large, front tibiae and femora short and thick,

Cajeta.

Front legs slender, coxae not large.

No spines on hind tibiae or very small ones, Myndus.

Large spines on hind tibiae, Koroana.

Transverse carina on vertex angular, sometimes joining

the apical carina in middle.

Hind tibiae with well-developed spines.

A transverse vein in middle of costa, Anila.

No transverse vein in middle of costa.

Second segment of antennae small, Cixius.

Second segment of antennae large, globose, Cixiosoma.

Hind tibiae without spines or only very small ones, lolania.

M arising from the stalk Sc + R some distance from its

base, making a distinct, if a short. Sc + R + M stalk.

Second segment of antennae longer than broad; body con-

siderably compressed laterally, tegmina steeply tecti-

form.

Mesonotum 3 — carinate, pronotum angularly emarginate

on hind margin, Brixia.

Mesonotum 1 — carinate, pronotum nearly truncate on hind

margin, Southia.

Second segment of antennae about as long as broad; teg-

mina not steeply tectiform.

Mesonotum with 5 carinae, CEcleus.

JANUARY, 1925]

MUIR CIXIIDyE

109

106. (105)

107. (108)

108. (107)

109. (110)

no. (109)

111. (116)

112. (113)

113. (112)

114. (115)

115. (114)

116. (Ill)

117. (118)

118. (117)

119. (120)

120. (119)

121 . ( 122 )

122 . ( 121 )

123. (130)

124. (127)

125. (126)

126. (125)

127. (124)

128. (129)

129. (128)

130. (123)

131. (132)

132. (131)

133. (2)

134. (135)

Mesonotum with less than 5 carinse.

Vertex as long as, or longer than, pronotum and meso-

notum together, produced considerably in front of eyes,

Rhamphixius.

Vertex much shorter, not produced greatly in front of

eyes.

Frons broader than long, subcircular, no median carina,

Microledrida.

Frons not subcircular, generally longer than wide. |

With a median frontal carina.

Vertex conical in outline, with a short longitudinal carina,

Carolus.

Vertex not conical, apex truncate.

With a straight transverse median carina on vertex,

Myndus.

Without a transverse carina on vertex, Haplaxius.*

Without a median frontal carina.

Vertex much broader than long, Pachyntheisa.

Vertex not broader than long.

Vertex conical in outline; no lateral carinse on clypeus,

Gelastocephalus.

Vertex not conical.

Vertex very narrow, (Eclidius.

Vertex much broader.

Length of frons subequal to width or not much longer

than wide.

Vertex with a median logitudinal carina.

No carina on clypeus, Duilius.

Clypeus carinate at sides; no median frontal carina, Platy-

cixius.

Vertex without a median longitudinal carina.

Sc + R, M and Cu fork near the nodal line, Micrtxia.

Sc + R and Cu fork some considerably distant from nodal

line.

Frons about twice as long as broad, sides straight, widest

at apex.

Lateral carinse of frons large, Adolenda.

Lateral carinse of frons small, Paramicrixia.

Subantennal process present or antenna sunk into pits.

BOTHRIOCERINI

Face broadest at base, in lateral view strongly curved in

front of eyes; antennse sunk into pits, no subantennal

process, Bothriocera.

* Nymphocixia Van Duzee runs down to this genus but is easily distin-

guished by the occiput being arcuate and the base of the vertex over-

lapping the middle of pronotum; the frons also is longer than wide,

narrow at base and gradually increasing to before apex; vertex with

subparallel sides and deep keels.

110 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

135. (134) Face not broadest at base; with a subantennal process.

136. (137) Sc and R not forming a stalk or only a very short one,

Borysthenes.

137. (136) Sc R forming a long stalk.

138. (139) M arising from basal cell or from base of Sc + R; R

touching M for short distance about level with node;

costal cell wide, stigma large; claval fork near apex of

clavus and claval vein in cases joining suture (Kin-

naridse), Kinnara.

139. (138) M arising from Sc -f- R stalk some distance from base.

140. (141) Sc -f- R forking near stigma, M arising from near middle

of Sc -h R which is thickened; costal cell large, Eury~

phlepsia.

141. (140) Sc -h R forking considerably before stigma; M arising

nearer to base of stalk; Sc -h R not thickened, Steno-

phlepsia.

142. (1) Clavus granulate.

MEENOPLID/E

143. (148) With a median frontal carina.

144. (145) Claval veins united near apex of clavus, Phaconeura.

145. (144) Claval veins united about the middle of clavus.

146. (147) Mesonotum with one carina, Anigrus, Inx^ala.

147. (146) Mesonotum with 3 carinas, Paranigrus.

148. (143) Without a median frontal carina.

149. (150) M leaving Sc + R stalk considerably beyond base, Ker-

mesia, Eponisia.

150. (149) M leaving basal cell or the Sc -f R stalk at base.

151. (154) Claval veins forking near apex of clavus.

152. (153) Clypeus with lateral carinae, Robtgalia, Suva.

153. (152) Clypeus without lateral carinas, Nisia.

154. (151) Claval veins forking near middle of clavus.

155. (156) Vertex longer than broad, without a median carina,

Meenoplus.

156. (155) Vertex not longer than broad, with a median carina,

Paranisia.

(To be Continued)

Pleocoma Behrensi

The first heavy rain of the season at Berkeley fell on Octo-

ber 15. On the two days following, a number of Pleocoma

behrensi Lee. were taken in Strawberry Canon near Berkeley.

Several males were taken in flight, and a few males and about

twenty females were dug from their holes, which showed

plainly in the packed earth of the trails. — A. C. Davis.

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABINJE

111

STUDIES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN CARA-

BINE (COLEOPTERA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF NEW SPECIES

BY EDWIN C, VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley

Trachypachus slevini Van Dyke, new species

Robust, elongate, elliptical, piceous, brilliantly bronzed and shining

above, less so beneath, antennas rufo-piceous, legs rufous. Head

three-fourths breadth of prothorax, convex, smooth and shining, eyes

but slightly convex. Prothorax three-fourths as long as broad, apex

emarginate, anterior angles prominent, base bisinuate; sides moder-

ately arcuate in front, almost straight and parallel behind, rather

broadly margined; disc convex, smooth and shining, median longi-

tudinal line complete and finely impressed, basal transverse impres-

sion deep, ending externally in deep and oblique basal fovese, the

carinae prominent and extending forwards and inwards from the hind

angles. Elytra three-fifths as broad as long, slightly broader at base

than prothorax, widest at middle; sides evenly arcuate from base to

apex, apical angles quite acute; disc convex, deeply and coarsely

punctured, finer at sides and apex, the punctures arranged in rows,

the striae but faintly defined and only near suture. Length, 7 mm.;

breadth, 3 mm.

Type, a unique female, No. 1616, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.,

captured at Olney (near Astoria), Oregon, in July, 1911, by

Mr. J. R. Slevin.

This fine species, I take pleasure in naming after its captor.

It differs from our other species, Trachypachus inermis Mots,

and Trachypachus gihhsi Lee., by being considerably larger,

proportionally more elongate, less robust and convex, by hav-

ing the eyes less prominent, and the elytra very coarsely

punctured.

The tribe to which this insect belongs is a very peculiar one,

both because of the physical peculiarities and the distribution.

In appearance, the species resemble some of the smaller Amara

or, even more, certain of the genus Bembidium like Bembidium

nitidum Kirby. They, however, have a character, the extension

of the posterior coxae to the lateral margins, which is to be

found in no other Carabidas, and thus places them in a more

or less isolated position. The tribe contains but two genera;

Systolosoma Sol. with one species, Systolosoma breve Sol., re-

stricted to Southern Chili, and Trachypachus Mots, with Tra-

chypachus sett erst edi Gyll., found in the extreme northern por-

tion of Europe and in Siberia, the two questionable species

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

Trachypachus transversicollis Mots, and Trackypachus lati-

collis Mots, from the Amur region of Siberia, and three spe-

cies found in the northwestern part of North America. Of

these last, Trachypachus slevini n. sp. has only been found as

indicated at Olney, Oregon, that is, in the wet belt or mari-

time portion of the Pacific Slope; Trachypachus inermis Mots,

along the Pacific Coast from Southeastern Alaska to San Fran-

cisco, California, and at high levels along the Cascade Moun-

tains and northern Sierra Nevada Mountains and through the

Rocky Mountains as far as Colorado; while Trachypachus

gihhsi Lee. is found in western Washington and Oregon and

continues along the coast into Humboldt County, California,

and from Oregon along the Cascades and Sierra Nevada Moun-

tains as far south as Mt. Whitney. The three species of

Trachypachus described by Colonel Casey ^ are undoubtedly

synonyms of the above, Trachypachus alticola Csy, being the

same as Trachypachus gihhsi Lee. and Trachypachus oregonus

Csy. and TrachypaeJms specularis Csy., the same as Trachy-

pachus inermis Mots. My series of specimens not only runs

them together, but shows a continuous distribution. Trachy-

pachus holmhergi Mann. (Bui. Mosc. XXVI, 1853, p. 119) is

a synonym of Trachypachus inermis Mots, and Trachypachus

calif orniciLS Mots. (Bui. Mosc. XXXVII, 1864, p. 194) un-

doubtedly is a synonym of Trachypachus gihhsi Lee.

The following table will aid in separating our species :

Prothorax distinctly narrower at base than at middle, basal trans-

verse impression deep.

Eyes slightly convex, elytra with rows of deep and coarse punc-

tures over entire area. Length, 7 mm slemni n. sp.

Eyes verj^ convex, elytra quite smooth, the basal portions of but

three or four rows of minute punctures indicated. Length, 4.5-

5.5 mm inermis Mots.

Prothorax but little narrower at base than at middle, basal trans-

verse impression vague. Eyes prominent, the elytra with rem-

nants of four or five rows of fine punctures. Length, 6. mm

gihhsi Lec.

Elaphrus parviceps Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, somewhat shining, upper surface closely and

finely punctate, greenish bronze, the sides more evidently greenish,

ocellate spots of elytra a deep violet. Head slightly longer than broad

across eyes, eyes but moderately prominent, far less so than is the rule

1 “Memoirs on the Coleoptera,” IX, hy Thos. L. Casey, April 8, 1920', pp.

144-146.

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABIN^E

113

in the genus, the breadth of head across eyes as a result, but slightly

greater than breadth of prothorax, front finely closely punctate. Pro-

thorax longer than broad, less than two-thirds as broad as elytra at

humeri and about two-fifths length of elytra, apex barely arcuate,

base with a definite and broad median lobe; sides evenly rounded at

anterior two-thirds, deeply sinuate posteriorly; posterior angles

acute; disc irregular as usual. Elytra four-fifths as broad as long,

broadest behind the middle; disc with two rows of three elongate

callosities; ocellate spots well marked, but hardly depressed. Beneath

coarsely and not closely punctured on head behind the eyes, on pro,

meso, and metathorax and epipleurae, the abdomen finely and sparsely

punctate. Length, 7.5 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Type, a female. No. 1617, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

some years ago at Teller, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by

Mr. Robert M. Price and by him kindly presented to me. One

or two other specimens have been seen in the United States

National Museum collection.

This species superficially looks like a large robust Elapkrus

riparius Linn., but it is distinctly separated from that, as well

as from all of our other species by the much narrower head,

the more prominent and acute posterior angles to the prothorax

and the type of punctuation beneath. It is possible that this

species may be the same as one of the old world species, but I

have so far not been able to find any described one that will

tally with it.

Elaphrus IcBvigatus Lee. and Elaphrus caseyi Leng (politus

Casey) are one and the same, the type locality for both being

San Francisco, California. Colonel Casey was evidently mis-

led by the tables given in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ento^

mological Society,^ where Icevigatus was erroneously listed

from “Mich."’ and “Brit. Co."" The species is confined to Cali-

fornia.

Loricera pilicornis sierrae Van Dyke, new subspecies

Loricera semipunctata Esch. and Loricera californica Lee.

are one and the same, the first name having priority. San Fran-

cisco, California, is the type locality for both. Dr. LeConte

was in error in considering semipunctatus as a synonym of

Loricera coerulescens Linn, or, as it should be called, Loricera

pilicornis Fab., the name coemtlescens Linn, not applying to a

species of Loricera at all according to European authorities.

Loricera pilicornis Fab. has never been found near the coast in

2 Bui. Brooklyn Bnt. Society, vol. I, p. 6.

114 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO, 3

California, though a phase has been found in the high Sierra

which I list as a variety under the name sierrcB. This last is

somewhat smaller than the usual Loricera pilicornis Fab., and

smoother, but it has the obtuse hind angles to the prothorax,

the aeneous prothorax and general facies. Loricera semipunc-

tata Esch. is, in reality, an offshoot of Loricera decempunctata

Esch., the latter extending along the coast from Alaska to

Mendocino County, California, the former replacing it to the

south, being found in the counties of Sonoma, Marin, and San

Francisco.

Loricera congesta Mann, is but a phase or subspecies at the

most of Loricera pilicornis Fab. In a small series which I took

near Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, Alaska, are a number

which have the prothoracic disc with two well-defined fovese

such as were noted in the description of the original type from

Kenai, as well as one or two without that feature. All of the

specimens were quite robust, slightly larger than the usual

Loricera pilicornis Fab. and with the striae very well defined,

but otherwise not different.

A revised table for the separation of our species would be

as follows :

Elytra with a single series of foveolse

Sides of prothorax oblique posteriorly, hind angles obtuse

Disc of prothorax without distinct foveolas in front of middle

Elytral strise and punctures moderately coarse. Length,

7.5-9 mm pilicornis Fab.

Elytral stria and punctures fine. Length, 7 mm

pilicornis var. sierrce n. subsp.

Disc of prothorax with distinct foveola in front of middle.

Length, 9 mm pilicornis var. congesta Mann.

Sides of prothorax sinuate posteriorly, hind angles subrectangu-

lar, semipunctatis Esch.

Elytra with a double series of foveola

Legs black, hind angles of prothorax rectangular

- decempunctata Esch.

Legs testaceous, hind angles of prothorax obtuse foveata Lee.

The type of Loricera pilicornis sierra n. subsp. is a male

(No. 1618, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) collected by myself near

Tallac, Lake Tahoe, California, in June, 1899, and is in my

collection.^ Two female paratypes collected at the same time

3 As my collection of Coleoptera has been deeded to the California Acad-

emy of Sciences, all my types will become a part of the type series of that

institution.

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABINE

115

are also in my collection, and I have placed here a fourth speci-

men from Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, collected

June, 1897, by Mr, H. C. Fall.

The bibliography and synonomy of our species should read :

1. Loricera pilicornis (Fab.). Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 243.

neostica Lee., New Spec. Col. I, p. 3; Smith Misc. Coll.

VI, 1863.

Subsp. uteana Casey, Mem. Col. IX, 1920, p. 147.

Subsp. sierra Van Dyke, new subsp.

Subsp. congesta Mann., Bui. Mosc. 1853, III, p. 121.

2. Loricera semipunctata Esch., Zoo. Atl. V, p. 25, t. 25, f. 7; Mann.,

Bui. Mosc., 1853, III, p. 122.

calif ornica Lee., New Spec. Col. I, p, 3; Smith Misc. Coll.

VI, 1863.

3. Loricera decempunctata Esch., Zoo. Atl. V, p. 25, t. 25, f. 7; Mann.,

Bui. Mosc., 1853, III, p. 122.

4. Loricera foveata Lee., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, N. Y., v., 1851, p. 180.

Nebria riversi Van Dyke, new species

Robust, elongate, head and prothorax black above with a slight

purple reflection, the elytra a metallic greenish purple color, beneath

somewhat rufo-piceous. Head with two rufous spots on the front be-

tween the eyes, four-fifths as broad as prothorax, eyes not prominent,

barely projecting beyond the sides of the head, antennae one-half

length of body. Prothorax three-fifths as long at middle as broad,

less than five-sevenths as broad as elytra, apex bieniarginate, base

slightly more than three-fifths as broad as prothorax at broadest part,

and broadly and but slightly emarginate; sides broadly and evenly

arcuate for anterior two-thirds, distinctly sinuate posteriorly, the lat-

eral margin narrow, the anterior angles rounded and prominent, the

posterior right; the disc slightly convex, with median longitudinal

and anterior and posterior transverse impressions well defined. Elytra

about three times as long as prothorax, elongate elliptical; humeri

rounded; striae deep and finely punctate, the intervals convex and

regular, no evident foveae. Legs long. Length, 17 mm.; breadth,

6.5 mm.

Type, male (No. 1619), allotype, female (No. 1620, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and paratype male and female in my collec-

tion, secured by myself from out of rocky crevices along the

margins of a glacial stream at the base of the Lyell Glacier,

about 11,500 feet, on Mt. Lyell, California, July 13, 1921. An-

other paratype loaned to me for study by Dr. Flans Roeschke

of Berlin was captured many years ago by Mr. John Lambert

on the same mountain and presented to Mr. J. J. Rivers, later

going with the sale of the Rivers’ collection of Carabidae to

Dr. Roeschke.

116 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1, NO. 3

This splendid and very local species is probably our largest

Nebria, being slightly larger than large Nebria trifaria Lee.

or Nebria ingens Horn. It somewhat resembles the latter and

is perhaps related to that, but it is generally more robust, is

decidedly metallic above, in contrast to the inky blackness of

the other, has the elytral humeri more prominent, indicating a

less degree of alar atrophy, and the elytral strise somewhat

deeper and more definitely punctured. In neither are there any

marked interruptions of the intervals, and the eyes in both are

somewhat reduced in size. The general shape of the elytra is

much the same as that of Nebria purpurata Lee.

Nebria schwarzi Van Dyke, new species

Large robust, a deep and brilliant metallic violet color both above

and beneath, with the exception of the antennae, mouthparts, scutel-

lum, tibiae and tarsi, which are black. Head a bit less than seven-

ninths breadth of prothorax, no interocular red spots, e 3 '^es moder-

ately prominent, antennae long and delicate, extending beyond the

middle of the elytra. Prothorax five-ninths as long as broad, nine-

elevenths as broad as elytra, apex deeply emarginate; sides rather

broadl}^ arcuate for anterior two-thirds, gradually sinuate behind and

with large rectangular hind angles, the reflexed margin narrow and

evenly elevated, the sulcus within shallow and not broad; the base

narrowly biemarginate; the disc convex with the median longitudinal

line finely impressed, the anterior and posterior transverse impres-

sions broad, shallow and well marked, the anal and basal areas finely,

irregularly punctate. Elytra almost four times as long as prothorax,

base almost transverse, humeri well defined but rounded at apex, the

sides quite straight and parallel, the margin fine; the disc slightly

convex but flattened at middle, the striae deeply impressed through-

out and with the punctures very vague, the intervals convex, gener-

ally broader behind, the third, fifth and seventh distinctly catenate

throughout, the foveas varying from seven to eight per stria. The

true wing is 3 mm. longer than elytra, the veins large and heavily

pigmented throughout, the membrane anteriorly more or less pig-

mented but posteriorly distinctly hyaline. The legs moderately long

but well developed. Length, 14 mm.; breadth, 5.5 mm.

Type, male, collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz at Banff, Al-

berta, October 6, bearing the number 1057 and belonging to

the United States National Museum. This specimen was kindly

loaned to me some years ago by Mr. Schwarz for purposes of

study. Several paratypes, males and females, have been selected

and designated from a series of twenty specimens in my collec-

tion, secured by my wife and myself from the margins of a

stream which joins the Bow River at Banff, Alberta, June

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE^ — CARABINE

117

15-17, 1918, This glorious species, the most beautiful in our

fauna, is named in honor of Mr. E. A. Schwarz. It is rather

closely related to the species which I am describing next, and,

with that, belongs to the Metallic a group of Nebria. It is about

as large as Nebria trifaria Lee, and has the interrupted elytral

intervals as fully catenate, though it differs greatly otherwise,

especially as regards color and form, in which latter respect it

more closely resembles some phases of Nebria metallic a Fisch.

It, however, is much larger than this last and with the elytral

intervals more convex.

Nebria piperi Van Dyke, new species

Large, robust, a deep and brilliant metallic violet above, antennas,

niouthparts, legs, and undersides black. Head three-fourths breadth

of prothorax, no interocular red spots, eyes moderately prominent,

antennas long and delicate, extending beyond the middle of elytra.

Prothorax five-eighths as long as broad, four-fifths as broad as elytra,

apex deeply emarginate; sides rather broadly arcuate for anterior

two-thirds, obliquely sinuate behind and with hind angles large and

but slightly obtuse, the reflexed margin narrow and evenly elevated,

the sulcus within of moderate depth and width, the base vaguely

biemarginate; the disc convex with the median longitudinal line finely

impressed, the anterior and posterior transverse impressions well

marked, the anal and basal areas finely irregularly punctate. Elytra

over three and a half times as long as prothorax, humeri prominent

but well rounded; sides almost straight anteriorly, evenly rounded

posteriorly, the margin fine, the disc slightly convex, but flattened at

the middle, the strise distinctly impressed and rather finely closely

punctate, the intervals quite flat, broader behind, the third, fifth and

seventh distinctly catenate, the foveal interruptions varying from five

to seven per stria. The true wing at least 3 mm. longer than the

elytra, the veins large and heavily pigmented, the membrane dis-

tinctly pigmented anteriorly, but also definitely suffused posteriorly,

giving the wing a brown appearance. The legs moderately long, but

well developed. Length 13 mm.; breadth, 5.5 mm.

Type, male (No. 1621), allotype, female (No. 1622, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several paratype males and females,

selected from a large series collected by Mr. A. M. Elliott along

the margins of the Nesqually River, just below the foot of the

Nesqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington,

October 5, 1912, and kindly presented to me by the late Pro-

fessor O. B. Johnson of Seattle. I also collected a good series

of the species myself at the same locality, during July, 1920,

and have other specimens from Mt. Baker, Washington, col-

lected by Professor Trevor Kincaid, the Olympic Mountains

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

and Glacier Peak, Washington, and British Columbia. It is

named in honor of the botanist, Mr. C. V. Piper, in recogni-

tion of his efforts to add to our knowledge of the alpine Coleop-

terous fauna of the Cascade Mountains.

This species belongs near Nebria schwarzi n. sp. and super-

ficially closely resembles it. It differs from that by being

slightly shorter and by having the elytra proportionally broader,

smoother, the striae shallower and definitely punctured, the in-

tervals quite flat, and by having the true wings pigmented

throughout. These two quite distinct species, though evidently

of common origin, now occupy quite distinct territories :

schwarzi the northern Rockies of Canada, and piperi the more

northern mountains of Washington.

Nebria meanyi Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, black, elytra a deep violet with slight greenish tinge in

certain lights, legs piceous, shining. Head five-sevenths breadth of

prothorax, with two obscure reddish spots on front between the eyes,

eyes moderately prominent, antennas long and delicate, two-thirds

length of body. Prothorax five-sevenths as long as broad, seven-

tenths as broad as elytra, apex deeply emarginate; sides broadly

arcuate for anterior two-thirds, subangulate at point of greatest

width, abruptly sinuate behind and straight and almost parallel for

posterior fourth; lateral margin moderate in width and strongly

inflexed, the sulcus within deep and quite broad; anterior angles

prominent and narrowly rounded at apex; posterior angles promi-

nent, subacute and projecting slightly backwards; base broadly shal-

lowly emarginate; disc slightly convex and vaguely and somewhat

transversely strigose, the median longitudinal line finely impressed;

anterior and posterior transverse impressions well marked; anal and

basal areas punctate. Elytra over three times as long as prothorax,

with humeri well defined but rounded, the margin rather fine; disc

somewhat convex, but flattened at middle; striae fine, distinctly im-

pressed and finely punctured, the second to the seventh quite sinuate

posteriorbG intervals narrowed and convex in front, broader and

flatter behind, the third, fifth and seventh distinctly catenate or inter-

rupted in posterior half by about five shallow foveas. True wing at

least 2 mm. longer than the elytra, the legs long and slender. Length,

13 mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm.

Type, male (No. 1623), allotype, female (No. 1624, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and two paratype females, in my collection,

taken under rocks close to the Nesqually River and but a short

distance below the foot of the glacier, in the Mt. Rainier Na-

tional Park, Washington, September 5, 1912, by Mr. A. M.

Elliott. Five other specimens are also in my collection, three

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE — CARABINE

119

secured by myself at the same locality, July 15, 1920, and two

from Glacier Peak, Washington, collected June 30, 1910, by

Professor E. S. Meany. All of the specimens not collected by

myself were kindly presented to me by Professor O. B. John-

son, in whose collection, now belonging to the University of

Washington, are other specimens. The species is named for

Professor Meany, in appreciation of his generosity in acting

as a collector in the high mountains of Washington.

This species superficially looks much like Nebria pur pur at a

Lee. and should be placed close to that in our lists, but it dif-

fers by having the elytra alone distinctly metallic, the prothorax

more evidently constricted behind, the sides posteriorly parallel

and the hind angles subacute, in contrast with the oblique sides

and obtuse hind angles of purpurata, by having the lateral mar-

gins moderately broad, quite reflexed and with a broad sulcus

within, as against a narrow margin and sulcus in the other, the

elytral humeri more definite and the true wings longer than

the elytra, whereas they are barely half the length in the other.

This species is also liable to be confused with Nebria gebleri

Dej. This latter is, however, generally more brilliantly metallic,

often cupreous, a color lacking in the other, slightly smaller

and distinctly proportionally shorter, with a broader prothorax,

the el 3 ^tra shorter, the striae but vaguely punctate, the intervals

flat, the third, fifth and seventh though more or less inter-

rupted by the foveae, not so regularly so nor so distinctly cate-

nate. The true wings are also slightly shorter and broader than

in meanyi and the small, wedge-shaped and oblong cells (see

Ganglbauer much shorter and broader.

Nebria spatulata Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, narrow, piceous black, antennae, palpi, tibiae and tarsi

somewhat rufous. Head moderately shining, with two red spots on

the front, two-thirds as broad as prothorax, eyes moderately promi-

nent, antennae somewhat robust, though fully one-half length of body.

Prothorax two-thirds as long as broad, three-fourths as broad as

elytra, apex emarginate, base five-sixths as broad as prothorax at

broadest part and faintly emarginate; sides moderately arcuate ante-

riorly, the posterior third oblique, convergent and barely sinuate, the

anterior angles prominent and narrowly rounded, the posterior angles

sharply defined and slightly obtuse, the margin narrow, the sulcus

within fairly broad; the disc convex and with median longitudinal

and anterior and posterior transverse impressions distinct, the lateral

4 Ganglbauer, Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa, vol. I, p. 22, fig. 22, K,

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

areas slightly rugose, the posterior very much so. Elytra elongate

elliptical, broadest at middle, over three times as long as prothorax,

four-sevenths as broad as long; sides quite evenly arcuate from base

to apex, the margins narrow; disc slightly convex, not flattened at

middle, the seven inner striae distinctly defined and finely impressed

from base to apex and finely somewhat vaguely punctured, the inter-

vals convex anteriorly, flattened behind and not interrupted, the third

with two vague foveae behind, and the seventh with three equally

spaced and distinct foveas. Legs long and delicate. Length, 10.5 mm.;

breadth, 4 mm.

T 3 ^pe, a unique female collected by Mr. Ralph Hopping at

Franklin Lake, Tulare County, California, September 8, and

kindly loaned to me for purposes of study and description.

This specimen will be deposited in the California Academy of

Sciences (Type No. 1625) through the generosity of Mr.

Hopping.

This species, because of its decidedly rounded humeri and

undoubtedly atrophied wings, would come in our tables near

Nebria ovipennis Lee. To my mind, however, it is but an off-

shoot of the Nebria sahlbergi Fisch. stock which with Nebria

ingens Horn, itself an offshoot of Nebria trifaria> Lee., has been

left stranded in our high Southern Sierra and like it, through

disuse, has completely lost its wings and as a result had the

humeral area greatly reduced. In size, color and general ap-

pearance, it greatly resembles Nebria castanea Bon. of the Alps,

though perhaps has its elytra even more like those of Nebria

cordicollis did., a species also found in the Alps.

Nebria lyelli Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, narrow, nigropiceous, antennae, mouthparts, tibia and

tarsi, and median portions of undersides of body rufous. Head mod-

erately smooth, the two rufous spots on the front between the eyes

vaguely defined, somewhat over two-thirds breadth of prothorax,

eyes moderately prominent, antennae long and delicate, fully reaching

the posterior third of the elytra. Prothorax two-thirds as long as

broad, less than three-fourths as broad as elytra, apex biemarginate,

base about four-fifths of greatest breadth of prothorax and slightly

emarginate; sides decidedly arcuate anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly

and almost parallel near hind angles, the anterior angles prominent

and narrowly rounded at apex, the posterior angles sharply defined

and right-angled, the margin narrow, likewise the sulcus within; the

disc convex and with median longitudinal and posterior transverse

impressions distinct, the anterior transverse less so, the posterior area

punctate rugose, elsewhere quite smooth. Elytra elongate elliptical,

broadest posterior to middle, over three times as long as prothorax.

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABINE

121

two-thirds as broad as long, the margins narrow; disc slightly con-

vex, slightly flattened at middle, the striae well defined and moder-

ately impressed, finely and distinctly punctate, the intervals convex

anteriorly, somewhat flattened behind, not interrupted, the third

striae with from three to four vague foveae. Legs long and delicate.

Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Type, male (No. 1626, Mus. Calif. iVcad Sci.), and three

paratype males in my collection, secured by me along the mar-

gins of glacier streams at an altitude of about 11,000 feet, on

Mt. Lyell, Yosemite National Park, California, July 13, 1921.

This species is of about the same size and general appear-

ance as the species previously described, but it differs chiefly

as regards its antennae, the shape of the elytra and the much

more distinct punctuation of the striae. It, in fact, looks much

like a diminutive Nebria gregaria Fisch. Nebria ovipennis Lee.,

which is sometimes found with it is, of course, easily separated

from it by its more robust build and larger size.

Nebria crassicornis Van Dyke, new species

Moderate in size, compactly built and dark brown, the margins of

the prothorax and elytra somewhat lighter, and the palpi, antennae

and feet dark rufous. Head five-sevenths as broad as prothorax, in-

terocular red spots not evident, eyes moderately prominent, antennae

short and stout, not reaching to the middle of the elytra. Prothorax

at middle four-sevenths as long as broad, seven-ninths as broad as

elytra, apex deeply emarginate; sides broadly arcuate anteriorly,

thence oblique and acutely sinuate just in front of hind angles, the

hind angles acute and slightly divergent; lateral margins of moder-

ate width and evenly reflexed, the sulcus within rather shallow

and vaguely punctured; base shallowly biemarginate; disc with the

median longitudinal line finely though distinctly impressed, the an-

terior transverse impression distinct, the posterior deeper and punc-

tured. Elytra three and a half times as long as prothorax at middle;

humeri prominent but rounded, sides straight and but slightly diver-

gent, the margin fine; disc convex, flattened at middle; striae finely

impressed, complete and but finely and vaguely punctate, the inter-

vals quite flat, not interrupted; third striae with from three to six

fine foveae (the type with four). True wings 4 mm. longer than the

elytra; veins distinct; membrane slightly brownish, especially an-

teriorly. Legs stout and of moderate length. Length, 11 mm.;

breadth, 4.5 mm.

Type, male (No. 1627), allotype, female (No. 1628, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several paratypes, in my collection, cap-

tured by myself in Paradise Park, Rainier National Park,

Washington, July 15, 1905. Paratypes will also be deposited

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

ill the United States National Museum and Philadelphia Acad-

emy of Sciences. Several hundred specimens have been exam-

ined. It is very abundant on the slopes of Mt. Rainier (Mt.

Tacoma), at altitudes between five and seven thousand feet,

and has also been taken in other parts of the high Cascade

Mountains, as on Glacier Peak, as well as on the Olympic

Mountains of Washington. The species is generally to be

found under cover in moist places in the woods, on the margins

of bogs, and on the moist mountain slopes not far below the

melting snow. They are rarely found close to running water,

as is the case with most of the species of the genus.

This medium-sized, almost unicolorous greasy brown species,

is very close to Nehria lahradorica Casey, specimens of which

I have from Jasper Park and Lake Louise, Alberta, in the

Canadian Rockies, as well as from Labrador. It, however, dif-

fers from that by being generally more robust, with eyes less

prominent, antennae shorter and decidedly stouter, thorax

broader, and true wings with both veins and membrane dis-

tinctly less pigmented. These two species no doubt had a

common origin, but have sufficiently diverged to be recognized

as distinct species. Nehria crassicornis n. sp. differs from all

other American Nehria by its very robust antennas ; from the

true Nehria sahlhergi Fisch., also by lacking the well defined

intero'cular red spots, by having a broader and shorter pro-

thorax, by lacking the distinct punctate striae, and by being

brown instead of black; from Nehria rathvoni Lee. by lacking

the inter ocular red areas, the definite catenation of certain of

the alternate elytral intervals, and the less parallel-sided elytra,

as well as by its color; from Nehria hudsonica Lee. by having

the prothorax broader proportionally at base, by being smaller,

with shorter and stouter legs, as well as by being of a different

color.

Metrius contractus planatus Van Dyke,

new subspecies

This subspecies or race differs from the typical species in

having the prothorax quite flattened and the disc of the elytra

also flattened. It is to be found only in the more alpine por-

tions of the Lake Tahoe region of California as above Fallen

Leaf Lake, Glen Alpine Springs, and Desolation Valley.

Type, male (No. 1629), and allotype, female (No. 1630,

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABINE

123

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my collection, taken by myself

above Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe region, California, June

20, 1915. Besides these I possess ten other specimens, some

from the same locality, others from Desolation Valley at least

1500 feet higher, all quite similar. A number of these will be

designated as paratypes.

The typical Metrins contractus Esch. extends along the

coastal area of the Pacific States from western Washington

to somewhat below Monterey, California, and along the western

flanks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains to below Calaveras

County, California. The subspecies planatus is an alpine race

restricted to the middle Sierra and Metriiis suhsericeus Rivers,

an offshoot of Metrius contractus Esch., which replaces it in

the southern Sierra, that is, in the mountains of Eresno and

Tulare Counties. At present we have no specimens from the

territory between Calaveras and Eresno Counties, but when we

do secure them the probabilities are that we shall find them to

be intermediate between Metrius contractus Esch. and Metrms

suhsericeus Rivers, thus reducing the latter to a subspecies of

the former.

The three forms of Metritis may be separated as follows :

General surface more or less shining.

Disc of prothorax and elytra convex contractus Esch.

Disc of prothorax and elytra flattened .... planatus n. subsp.

General surface opaque and with disc of prothorax and elytra

very convex suhsericeus Rivers

Promecognathus Chd.

There is but one species of this genus, Icevissimus Dej. The

other so-called species, crassus Lee. and debilis Casey, are not

even true geographical races or subspecies. They are mere

phases or forms which occur in all cases with the more typical

form. The robust phase, crassus Lee., occurs only in the damp

coastal valleys or canons where the environment is at the opti-

mum for the species, and the depauperized debilis Casey, as a

rule, in the drier and more open country where conditions

are the most unfavorable for the existence of the species. This

peculiar type of polymorphism is parallel to that observed in

some of the other subterranean Carabiadae, like many of the

Scaratinae, as well as among many lignivorous Coleoptera, like

the Lucanidae, Dynastinae, Cerambycidae, Brenthidae, and so

124 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, I, NO. 3

forth, and undoubtedly is primarily due to nutritional con-

ditions.

Clivina calif ornica Van Dyke, new species

Of the general size and. form of Clivina americana Dej., smooth and

shining, piceous black, antennae, palpi, legs, narrow margins of pro-

thorax beneath, epipleurae, and posterior borders of ventral segments

ferruginous. Head with deep punctiform frontal fovea; clypeus with

large and distinctly separated lateral lobes; eyes moderately promi-

nent. Prothorax ovate, obscurely dentate at hind angles, broadest

just posterior to middle, thence convergent and gradually rounded to

anterior angles, the anterior angles broadly rounded; disc quite con-

vex, with longitudinal and anterior transverse grooves well impressed,

a few fine transverse rugae and a few fine punctures near the middle.

Elytra over twice as long as prothorax, and itself about twice as wide

as broad; humeri well rounded, sides almost straight and slightly

diverging to beyond middle, thence gradually rounded and oblique to

apex; disc moderately convex; sutural striae complete, the next five

not quite reaching the deeply grooved seventh at apex, all well im-

pressed and very finely punctate in basal two-thirds, the intervals

convex in front and flattened behind, the third with four well marked

setigerous punctures. Anterior legs with the tibiae provided with

three well-developed spinous processes, the apical long and but

slightly curved, directed almost directly forwards, the two lateral

somewhat less prominent than in americana; femora deeply sinuate

near the tip. Middle tibiae without spurs near the tip on either side.

The paranychia elongate. Beneath subopaque and finely alutaceous.

Length, 5 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Type (No. 1631, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and paratype, in

my collection, taken by myself on the shores of Clear Lake,

Lake County, California, in May, 1895. Two other specimens,

collected by Mr. Morton C. Lane at Banta, California, Novem-

ber 18, 1919, and now in his collection, have also been desig-

nated as paratypes.

This species belongs near Clivina americana Dej. and super-

ficially resembles it. It differs from this, however, as well as

from Clivina analis Putz. by being more convex, with the pro-

thorax of a different shape, the sides anteriorly more rounded

and convergent and the anterior angles more broadly rounded,

the elytra proportionally shorter, with sides more rounded,

apex more pointed, and the discal striae more complete. From

Clivina punctulata Lee., the only other Clivina found in Cali-

fornia, it differs not only in color, but also by being more

robust, less linear and parallel, and by not possessing the spur

near the other margin of the middle tibiae.

JANUARY, 1925]

VAN DYKE CARABINE

125

Cdivina sudcipennis Putz ^

Within the last few years I have seen a number of speci-

mens of what appear to be this species, which was unknown

to Dr. LeConte and hence not listed in his synoptic table. They

were all collected by Mr. H. P. Loding in the neighborhood of

Mobile, Alabama. The beetles are slightly larger than Clivina

impressifrons Lee., 6.5 mm. in length; black, with antennae,

mouthparts and legs rufous; head with punctiform frontal

fovea and clypeus, with well-separated lateral lobes ; prothorax

as broad as long, with sides parallel, and disc impunctate ; elytra

with striae absolutely complete and deeply impressed, sulcate,

faintly punctate anteriorly and with convex intervals ; anterior

femora not dentate and the middle tibia with a spur near the

outer tip. It would come in our tables near Clivina ruhicunda

Lee., but its size, color, and the very deep' and absolutely com-

plete striae, will readily separate it from that as well as from

any of our other species.

Schizogenius pygmaeus Van Dyke, new species

Small, depressed, shining, rufous; antennae, mouthparts and legs

rufocastaneous. Head with frontal sulci well defined, the occipital

area but moderately punctured and shining; eyes prominent, almost

hemispherical; mentum toothed at middle, with lobes obliquely emar-

ginate. Prothorax as broad as long, slightly convex; sides feebly

arcuate, rather definitely convergent and rounded near anterior

angles, the posterior angles rounded and with but a vague tooth;

disc slightly convex, with the usual grooves well marked and the two

marginal setae present. Elytra depressed, over twice as long as broad

and twice as long as prothorax; humeri rounded, with but vague den-

tations; striae well impressed and distinctly punctured except near

apex, the intervals flattened, the third, fifth and seventh with rows of

setigerous punctures. Length, 3 mm., breadth, 8 mm.

Type (No. 1632, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and three para-

types in my collection, secured by myself on the shores of Clear

Lake, Lake County, California, May, 1895.

This species in size, color and general appearance is much

like S chiso genius amphihius Hald. and should be placed near it.

It differs from that, though, by having much more prominent

eyes, a less parallel-sided prothorax with the anterior and pos-

terior angles more rounded, the posterior not distinctly dentate

as in amphihius, by having both prothorax and elytra a bit

more convex, and the elytra with more rounded humeri and but

vague dentation there.

5 “Revision Generale Des Clivinides,” par J. Putzeys, Anns. Soc. Ent.

Belgique, vol. IX (1886), p. 156.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

TWO NEW CALIFORNIAN LIMACODID MOTHS

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. FI. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Monoleuca fieldi sp. nov.

Head, legs, and thorax deep rufous-brown. Fore wing: ochreous-

tan; near the point of origin of vein 2, a deep rufous-brown narrow

oblique line extends inwardly to middle of inner margin, not quite

attaining same; this line is not edged by any white scales; from

below costa near apex a faint suggestion of a line of similar color

extends to about vein 5, parallel to outer margin; fringe tinged with

purplish. Hind wing and fringe similar to fore wing, but somewhat

paler in color. Beneath, pale yellowish, with some purple marking

the fringes. ■

Expanse : 24 mm.

Belongs to the occidentalis group of the genus Monoleuca,

but distinct, being of a much paler, yellower color and lacking

white scales in the medial region.

Holotype, 6 , July, 1917 (George H. Field), unique. Barnes

collection.

Type locality: Warner’s, California.

Monoleuca disconcolorata sp. nov.

Head, legs, thorax, and primaries much like those of fieldi, mark-

ings similar, the mark below costa near apex stronger. Hind wing

and fringe pale silken cream color, nearly white, the fringe along the

inner margin somewhat tinged with purple. Beneath, pale yellowish,

with some purple marking on the fringes.

Expanse : 21 mm.

May easil}'- be distinguished from its closest ally, deldi, by

the disconcolorously pale hind wings.

Holotype, 6 , 8-15 July, unique. Barnes collection.

Type locality: Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Mountains,

California.

JANUARY, 1925]

BARNES LEPIDOPTERA

127

NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN

RELATION TO THE STRETCH COLLECTION

BY WIEEIAM BARNES AND F. PI. BENJAMIN

The Stretch names in Lepidoptera have heretofore presented

a decided problem. Fortnnately, most of these were illustrated

by Stretch and these illustrations are, on the whole, good.

Those published as a part of ‘Tllustrations of the Zygaenidse

and Bombycidse of North America” are excellent. Other illus-

trations consist of plates II-XII of Stretch’s manuscript

“Heterocera Americana,” and were published, 1906, Jour.

N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, in connection with pages 117-125, on

which are short footnotes by the editor. Dr. H. G. Dyar.

There is, of course, no assurance that the specimens from

which these last plates were made, in the case of Stretch names,

were the actual types except in the cases where, new names are

put intO' print, the sole description being the figure.

Some time ago, we; wrote to Mr. E. P, VHn Duzee, explain-

ing that some of the Stretch names were not definitely placed

and asking if we might borrow the types. The Stretch collec-

tion is now in thei California Academy of Sciences as a perma-

nent loan from the University of California. At our instiga-

tion, Mr. Van Duzee took this matter up with the proper

autliorities, and on September 11, 1924, wrote as follows:

‘‘You may have felt I was never going to send on the Stretch

types, but I was only waiting to make sure I had them all. I

have been over the Stretch collection repeatedly, and am able

to find but twenty-eight specimens that can possibly be types.

Of these, I think but two are so labeled .... In the cases oi

all of these species, I am sending all specimens in the Stretch

collection, so if there are types they must be among these. They

are a sorry-looking lot .... I cannot help feeling there

should be more of his types in the collection, but they may

have been destroyed by pests. I understand this collection was

received by the University of California in bad' shape, and was

gone over and cleaned up by Rivers, and again later by some-

one at the University, and some of the type material may have

been eliminated in that way.”

By various means we were able to exclude a considerable

proportion of the twenty-eight possible types from any pos-

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

sibility of their being actual Stretch types. Our notes on the

remainder follow :

CiSTHENE PLUMBEA Stretch

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 102, Cisthene.

1893, Neumoegen & Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 115, subjecta var.,

Cisthene.

1900, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., II, 370, pi. XXIX, f. 4, Illic.e.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 118, pi. Ill, f. 2, Cisthene.

1918, Draudt, in Seitz, Macrolepid., VI, 260, pi. XXXIII, C, Illice.

Two females, one bearing a name label, otherwise unlabeled,

were received. These agree with the original description and

published figures, and are probably types. The species is quite

rare in collections. Besides these twoi specimens, the only other

specimen known to us is the one in the United States National

Museum, from which Hampson’s plate was made. Draudt’s

figure is evidently copied from Hampson.

Halisidota argentata sobrina Stretch

1873, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., pp. 87, 135, pi. VI, f. 10, Halesi-

dota.

1873, Hy. Edwards, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., V, 369, biol., Halisidota.

1890, Smith, Can. Ent., XXII 230, Halisidota.

1893, Neumoegen & Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 171, argentata race,

Halisidota.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 149, argentata s. sp.,

Halisidota.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 123, pi. XI, f. 2, Halisidota.

1910, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., XVII, 56, argentata s. sp., Halisidota.

Described from a single 6 from Lorquin, Coll. Stretch, Cali-

fornia, exact locality unknown.

A wreck of a 6 , agreeing identically with Stretch’s descrip-

tion and figure (of type) was received. This bears a label

“California” and a small round pin label 282a. In all prob-

ability this is the type.

This subspecies is not common in collections. The Barnes

collection only possesses two specimens, both males from Mon-

terey County, California, May.

Eubaphe aurantiaca brevicornis (Wlk.)

1865, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., II, 536, Crocota.

belfragei (Stretch).

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 103, Crocota.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 118, pi. Ill, f. 15, Crocota.

A single 6 was received labeled “C. Belfragei Str.” It

JANUARY, 1925]

BARNES LEPIDOPTERA

129

agrees well with the description, and is probably the type. It

lacks the discal dot on the hind wing, but is otherwise quite

typical of the form going under the name hrevicornis in collec-

tions, to which it has already been sunk. At the present time

we see no reason to retain separate names for forms with and

without the discal dot on the hind wing.

Eubaphe cosTATA (Stretcli)

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 103, Crocota.

1889, Smith, Can. Ent., XXI, 194, Crocota.

1893, Neumoegen & Dyar, Jour, N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 157, Euhaphe.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 192, pi. XLII, f. 15, Holo-

melina.

1919, Seitz, Macrolepid., VI, 295, (pi. XXXVIII, C, as fragilis),

Eubaphe.

Described from Texas (Belfrage).

A single 5 was received, bearing the label ‘‘C. costata Str.,”

and also a small dark purple pin label indicative of Texas. In

all probability this is the type.

This presumable type is considerably paler than all specimens

in the Barnes collection from Texas, New Mexico, and Ari-

zona, and matches Colorado specimens described by Barnes and

McDunnough as race palUpennis. A very long series of both

the Texas-Arizona race and the Colorado race are before us.

The color difference seems constant. VCe consider the presum-

able type of costata to have faded sufficiently to appear in color

practically identical with palUpennis.

Eubaphe “obscura” (Stretch)

1885, Stretch, Ent, Amer., I, 103, Crocota.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 118, pi. Ill, ff. 25-26,

Crocota.

Described from “Pennsylvania, Strecker; New Hampshire,

Fernald.”

This name presents a very interesting problem. It was de-

scribed in 1885, but not figured until 1906, when Stretch

credited it to Strecker.

Evidently, three different forms are covered in the original

description.

Two males were received, one bearing a label “Berks Cy.

Pa.,” the other merely bearing a name label ‘'Crocota obscnraC

This latter specimen may or may not be a type. It well may

be the “pale fawn” colored specimen mentioned in the original

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. I, NO. 3

description, which is possibly the '"New Hampshire, Fernald”

specimen. E. opella and its forms are not common north of

Pennsylvania, the large New England specimens usually being

forms of immaculata. This specimen, labeled simply “Crocota

ohscura” is not an opella form, but is an immaculata fonu.

The hind wings show some black markings which cannot be

clearly seen because of the bad condition of the specimen. We

are inclined to consider it simply immaculata var, trimaculosa

Peak.

No specimen was received which was concolorously smoky-

brown, as mentioned in the original description. This type,

which may have served as a basis for Figure 25 (1906) has

presumably been either lost or destroyed. It appears to have

been the form subsequently described as helmaria Ehrm.

The second specimen we received is accurately described in

the original description, ‘'Sometimes the primaries are fawn

color and the secondaries smoky, in which case the head, thorax

and abdomen are the color of the primaries.” This specimen is

the one bearing the label “Berks Cy. Pa.” We have little doubt

that this is one of the “Pennsylvania, Strecker” types, as we

have seen similarly labeled material in the Strecker collection.

This being the only reasonably certain “type” we restrict the

name ohscura to the form represented by this specimen. We

decidedly believe in “lectotypes,” but have not labeled this

specimen “lectotype” because absolute certainty regarding its

“type” status, is, of course, open to question.

A specimen compared by Benjamin with the type of nigri-

cans Peak. (Strecker collection) agrees with this “type” of

ohscura Stretch.

The name ohscura must be removed from the synonymy of

typical opella and placed as a synon 3 ^m of form nigricans. No

form described or figured by Stretch under the name ohscura

could be placed as typical (but not form normal) opella.

A resume of the form names applicable to opella might be

in order.

Hind wing red with little black; the black when present usually re-

stricted to discal dot and basal shadings, fore wing yellowish to

brownish tawny; immaculately red beneath opella

Hind wing usually with considerable black shading, the red usually

restricted to costal area, fore wing darker to smoky rubricosta

Syn. nigrifera Wlk. (partim., nec 6).

JANUARY, 1925] BARNES LEPIDOPTERA 131

Hind wing bright yellow, with black discal dot and more or less

black shading basally flava

(Form nov. Holotype 2, Quincy, 111., June, O. C. Poling, Para-

type 2, New Brighton, Pa., June, in Barnes collection.)

Hind wing fuscous, with or without a slight rufous or fulvous cast.

fore wing fulvous to fawn color nigricans

Syn. nigrifera (partim., 6 nec “2”)*

Syn. ohscura (sens, restr.).

Hind and fore wing unicolorously fuscous belmaria

(Syn. obscura partim. nec sens, restr.)

Leptarctia caeiforni.e form dimidiata Stretch

1873, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 123, pi. V, ff. 7-10, Leptarctia.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 119, pi. IV, ff. 13-15, Lep-

tarctia.

Evidently described from a series of males, collections Ed-

wards and Stretch, The “Edwards” mentioned by Stretch is

presumably Henry Edwards, but Beutenmuller does not list

any types of dimidiata in the Henry Edwards collection.

Two specimens were received bearing' small round white

pin labels “287a” and “287b,” respectively, both being identi-

fied as “Leptarctia dimidiata” in the Stretch collection, but this

label being on another (a common) pin. Neither of these

appear to have served for any of Stretch’s figures, but agree

well with his description, which covers a variable form, and

we think they probably are types. Neither have any yellow on

the upper side of the hind wings. The fore wing of one,

“287b,” has the white markings more reduced than in Stretch’s

figure 7 (1873); the other has the fore wing transversely

banded, somewhat as in Stretch’s figure 9, but lacks the tongue

of white extending into the cell, while the only other white

markings besides the band is a small subapical spot.

Neoarctia yarrowii (Stretch)

1873, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 221, pi. IX, f. 7, Arctia.

1906. Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 119, pi. IV, f. 5, Euprepia.

Described from a single 6 , “pressed as flat as a botani-

cal specimen,” Arizona, collection R. H. Stretch, collected by

U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Lieutenant Wheeler.

A single specimen was received, bearing a small square white

label “21” ; and another label “A. yarrowii Type,” apparently

in Stretch’s handwriting.

This specimen agrees identically with the original descrip-

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

tion, including its flattened condition, and with Stretch’s fig-

ures. There can be little doubt about it being the true type.

The species is correctly identified in collections, and we pos-

sess specimens agreeing with the type; in fact, one specimen

is practically an exact match in the most minute details of its

maculation.

Stretch’s locality is peculiar, as we have seen the species

only from high altitudes of Western Canada, Laggan, and

Mt. Field.

Apantesis intermedia (Stretch)

1873, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 216, pi. IX, f. 3, Arctia.

Described from a single male, Texas, Belfrage.

A single $> i was received, the pin bearing a small round label

“548,” and above this a black label, which is indicative of Utah.

We do not know if this is the type or not. There may have

been some error in labeling, the black label may have been

added subsequently, or the specimen may actually have come

from Utah, as we have lately received three specimens of this

species from Mr. Spalding.

A second 6 , which was placed as intermedia by Stretch, can-

not be the type, as it does not match his figure at all well, being

form stretchi Grt.

Apantesis parthenice ab. approximata (Stretch)

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 104, Arctia.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 122, pi. VIII, f. 10, Arctia.

“Described from one $ , sent me by Hy. Edwards, who states

that he has another identically the same.” “Hab. Canada.”

A single 2 was received. This bears a small printed label,

“Canada,” and a larger label, “What is this? I have another

exactly same,” in what appears to be Henry Edwards’ hand-

writing. On the same label, above the question, is written

“H. approximata Str.”

This specimen agrees with Stretch’s description (1885) and

figure (1906). It is a rare aberration, and we have been unable

to duplicate it. We have no doubt that this is the true type.

Apantesis ornata ab. obliterata (Stretch)

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 105, Arctia.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 121, pi. VI, f. 14, Arctia.

Described from a single male received from W. H. Edwards,

locality unknown.

JANUARY, 1925 ]

BARN ES LEPIDOPTERA

133

A single male was received which appears to agree with the

original description. It is labeled ‘'Arctia obliterata Str. type.’'

It is an old specimen, faded, rubbed and broken, the vestiture

badly matted.

We see no real reason to doubt the authenticity or correct-

ness of the type label which appears to be in Stretch’s hand-

writing. The figure in the Journal of the New York Entomo-

logical Society, evidently a drawing, agrees in all of the essen-

tial details with this specimen. Granting that this is the type,

that figure is not as well executed as most, but we believe this

is due to the poor condition of the specimen confusing the

artist, and that we have before us the original specimen from

which that figure was made.

At first glance the type appears tO' represent a species belong-

ing to the quenselii group, the hind wings so faded that they

appear reddish-orange, like an occasional fresh specimen of

Alberta turhans. As described by Stretch, the hind wing shows

no basal black shade, but even in its present condition traces of

the median spots are present.

It is possible that obliterata is a distinct species, as yet very

rare in collections. We have seen no specimens other than the

type. The markings of the hind wing seem to preclude the

possibility of its being a form of quenselii, which, with gelida

and turbans, is represented in the Barnes collection by fifty

specimens, none of which shows the black median spots. We

are inclined to agree with past placement as an aberration of

ornata, which is probably the most variable species in the

genus. We have about two hundred specimens representing

ornata and its named and unnamed forms before us, although

we fail to match the type of obliterata with any single speci-

men. The hind wings of ornata forms may be of any shade of

yellow to red, more or less marked by black, the basal black

shade often obsolete, three black median spots present or ab-

sent, the fore wing with veins marked or unmarked, and any

of the transverse markings except the W mark may be obso-

lescent or completely lost. The size, also, varies greatly, typical

ornata being much larger than form edwardsii.

Apantesis vittata phaeerata (Harris)

1835, Harris, Kept. Geol. Mass., 2nd Ed., p. 593 (nom. nud.), Arctia.

1841, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. Mass., p. 245, Arctia.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

pulcherrima (Stretch).

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 122, pi. VIII, ff. 18-19,

phalerata var., Arctia.

A single $ was received, labeled “Carbondale, Ills., July 22,

1882, French Coll.,'’ the pin also bearing a label, ''A phalerata

V. pulcherrima.”

This specimen agrees well with figure 18 of Stretch's plate,

and is probably this type. It represents the general conception

of ordinary female phalerata.

Apantesis vittata pi-ialerata ab. incarnata (Stretch)

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 120, 121, pi. V, f. 21, pi.

VII, ff. 4-5, Arctia.

Page 120 of original description reads, “21. Arctia phalerata

var. incarnata 6 , n. var."; page 121 reads, “4. Arctia phalerata

6 , var. incarnata Stretch" ; “5. Arctia phalerata 6 , var. incar-

nata Stretch." All three figures look somewhat different.

Figure 4 shows a well-marked hind wing, the fore wing with

W-mark incomplete and apparently the costal area not marked

by black.

Figure 5 shows the markings of the hind wings reduced, the

fore wing with the W-mark complete, but a dotted line near

the costa may indicate that the costa is black-marked.

Figure 21 indicates a hind wing heavily black-spotted, and,

from the shading, in comparison with other figures, that the

hind wing is decidedly red, the fore wing with complete

W-mark and no indication of black on the costa basad of the

“t. p." line.

A single specimen was received, labeled, “Carbondale, Ills.,

July 13, 1882. French Coll.," and a handwritten label, in what

appears to be Stretch's handwriting, “A phalerata var. incar-

nata." This specimen is much like figure 5, but obviously not

the original of that figure, as it lacks black dots between the

anal and cubital veins of the hind wing. Although it was prob-

ably in Stretch's hands in 1906, because the name incarnata

rests only on figures as a description, we fail to see how this

specimen can be considered a type.

With the types of incarnata (the figured specimens) appar-

ently lost or destroyed, this identification by Stretch is valu-

able as evidence of what he considered his name to represent.

This specimen appears to be the ordinary Illinois form of

phalerata, with a little less black than usual on the hind wing.

Having brought tO' light the facts now available regarding

JANUARY, 1925]

BARNES LEPIDOPTERA

135

this name and the single specimen now in existence in the

Stretch collection so labeled, we will allow the matter to rest,

awaiting some truly revisional worker in the group who may

wish to disregard this specimen and select figure 21 as incar-

nata, as this figure has both page and plate priority, and alsO'

a slight indication that it probably was the original specimen

selected by Stretch for the name because of its plate number

being labeled ‘'n. var.,” rather than simply ‘‘Stretch/’

With this in mind, we list the name as an ab. of phalerata,

but wish to be clearly understood that in no way are we at-

tempting to restrict the name incarnata.

Euch^tias eeegans Stretch

1873, Stretch. Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 189, pi. VIII, f. 6, Eucha-

tes ( ! ) .

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 416 (partim. nec text fig.

168), Pygarciia.

1903, Holland, Moth Book, p. 136 (partim. nec text fig. 76, nec pi.

XVI, f. 17), Pygarctia.

Described from 1 6,1 $ , Owen’s Valley, California..

We received a 6 and 2 bearing small white round pin

labels “623,” the pin of the female bearing the label “Euchaetes

elegans Str.”

These agree identically with Stretch’s description and figure,

and we have little doubt but that they are the true types.

There are no claws on the fore tibiae, throwing the species

out of Pygarctia and into* Euchcctias.

Hampson’s text figure 168 shows a tibial claw, and conse-

quently the placement of the species he determined as elegans

is correct, but he evidently had Mexican-Columbian specimens

of some other species incorrectly identified as elegans, a spe-

cies which is apparently unnamed, unless he drew his descrip-

tion solely from Stretch’s publication and all of his specimens

and his text-figure belong to what he terms ab. 1 roseicapitis

N. and D., which is very likely.

Holland has fallen into the same error, and his text-figure is

copied from Hampson. His plate-figure is apparently nothing

but typical roseicapitis N. and D., which name must again

assume specific rank.

If Stretch’s description and figure be matched against speci-

mens of E. ca-stalla B. and McD. they will be found to fit.

However, a critical examination of the types of both names

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

reveals that the types of castalla possess in both sexes much

longer terminal bristles to the antennal pectinations than the

types of elegans. A single male specimen agreeing with the

type 6 of elegans is in the Barnes collection from Kingman,

Arizona, October 16-23, All other similar-looking specimens

wei have seen possess the longer antennal bristles of castalla.

We have a long series of castalla from Santa Catalina Moun-

tains, Baboquivari Mountains, Redington, Douglas, Phoenix,

and Christmas, Gila County, Arizona. The type, and only speci-

men we have seen, of aberration griseopiinctata B. and McD.

possesses antennfe similar to those of the type of castalla.

Euch^tias oregonensis Stretch

1873, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 187, pi. VIII, f. 7, Eucha-

tes ( !).

Described from a single 6 , Oregon, Coll. Stretch, from

Lord Walsingham.

Three specimens were received : 2 6 , 1 $ . All belong tO’ the

species now going under the name oregonensis in collections.

The female is labeled “Adirondack, New York,’' “Oregonensis

Str.,” and hence can scarcely be the type. One male is labeled

“Near Hot Springs, Las Vegas, N. M. 7000 ft. July ’82. F. H.

Snow,” “19,” “Euchaetes oregonensis Str.,” and can scarcely

be the type unless labels have been changed. The pin of the

other male simply bears a small round white pin label “622,”

presumably referring to a catalogue of the Stretch collection,

which we are informed has been lost or destroyed. This speci-

men agrees well with the original description and figure, and

is very likely the type. Even if it is not the type, the correct

determination of the name oregonensis seems beyond reason-

able doubt.

Grotellaforma lactea (Stretch)

1883, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 103, Cisthene.

1900, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., II, 373, (ignot.), pi. XXIX,

f. 26, mice.

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 81, No. 818, Clemensia.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 119, pi. Ill, f. 32, Cis-

thene (?).

1917, Barnes & McDunnough, Check List, p. 31, No. 893, Clemensia.

1922, Barnes & Benjamin, Contr. N. H. Lep. N. A., V, (1), 26,

(ignot.), Grotella (?), "Cisthene.'’

calora Barnes.

1907, Barnes, Can. Ent., XXXIX, 68, 93, Grotella.

JANUARY, 1925]

BARNES LEPIDOPTERA

137

1917, Barnes & McDuniiough, Cont. N. H. Lep. N. A., I, (4), 11,

pi. IV, f. 7 (type 6), Grotella.

1922, Barnes & Benjamin, Contr. N. H. Lep. N. A., V, (1), 24-26,

pi. I, f. 17 6 genit. (topotype), Grotellaforma.

Lactea was apparently described from more than one speci-

men, Providence Mountain, San Bernardino^ County, Cali-

fornia.

A single male labeled “Cisthene lactea” was received. This

agrees with the original description, although it does not identi-

cally match Stretch’s later figure in number of black spots

present on the primaries.

Hampson’s figure of lactea is poor, not agreeing with either

the original description nor Stretch’s figure.

The species is not common in collections (although Poling

recently sent us a series of specimens from the Baboquivari

Mountains, Arizona).

When we wrote our revision of Grotella (1922), we placed

lactea as possibly an unknown Grotella, because of the habitus

indicated by Stretch’s figure and description, and because we

knew of one white-winged Grotella {stretchi B. and Benj.)

from Riverside County, California. We named stretchi, from

the desert, because it was obviously not lactea, and concluded

that in all probability lactea was an allied species from the

mountains. At that time we only knew calora from type locali-

ties, and thought likely it was restricted to the region of

Southern Arizona to the Argus Mountains. Since then, more

specimens have come to hand, and these, with a few found in

unsorted material, enable us to record the species from the

following additional localities : Mohave County, Hualapai

Mountains, Mohave County, Baboquivari Mountains, and Ajo,

Pima County (west of the Baboquivari Mountains), Arizona,

and Clark County, Nevada.

There is little doubt but that the Stretch specimen we re-

ceived is conspecific with calora. At the time of our original

description of the genus Grotellaforma we overlooked an

almost microscopic spine on the inner side of the fore tibia,

usually completely hidden by the tibial vestiture. Our descrip-

tion should be changed to include this spine. We have been

totally unable to find any other spines on any of the iihix,

although we have carefully descaled the tibiae of a number of

specimens. The Stretch specimen complies with calora in

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

maculation, frons, and tibial armature. Fortunately it is a male,

and the genitalia were sufficiently open so that the corona of

spines shown in our figure oif the valve of calora could be

easily seen. Our text in this regard should read “dorsal

corona” instead of “ventral corona.” Our figure is correct.

The species is quite variable in the presence or absence of

any of the black spots on the primaries, and the color of the

secondaries as stated in our revision, “usually fuscous, occa-

sionally rather pale.” The Stretch specimen has pale second-

aries, which he might well have considered white, while the

type of calora has fuscous secondaries. Two “cotypes” of

calora have the secondaries intermediate, while we have other

specimens with secondaries as pale as the Stretch “type.” In

the series before us, the freshest-looking specimens have the

darkest hind wings, while rubbed specimens have the palest.

We do not know if pale specimens occur in fresh material or

not. The Stretch “type” is so badly rubbed that no fringe is

present on the wings.

Harrisina AMERICANA AUSTRALIS Stretch

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 102, Harrisina.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 119, pi. Ill, f. 42, Har-

risina.

Described from Florida, Ftenry Edwards, 6 .

A single 6 is in the Stretch collection, labeled “Indian Riv.,

Florida” ; another label reading, “Harrisina australis type.”

This specimen agrees with the original description, and is

probably the true type. The name has been correctly identified

in collections.

Harrisina metallica Stretch

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 102, Harrisina.

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 119, pi. Ill, f. 41, Har-

risina. ^

Described from specimen (s?) received from Professor F. H.

Snow, New Mexico.

A single 6 is in the Stretch collection, labeled “New Mexico,

F. H. Snow,” another label bearing “2,” and a third label read-

ing, “Harrissina metallica type.”

This specimen agrees with the original description, and is

probably (one of) the true type (s). The name has been cor-

rectly identified in collections.

JANUARY, 1925] COCKERELL GULF OF CALIFORNIA 139

THE ENTOMOLOGY OF THE GULF OF

CALIFORNIA *

Costly expeditions are sent to the most remote regions of the

world in search of scientific treasures, but we do not always

realize how much may still be done in North America, with

relatively small expenditures of time or money. The Gulf of

California Expedition was in the field about three months with

a personnel of nine, and it is not too much to say that the

results achieved are epoch-making in relation to the natural his-

tory of the region. The life of the gulf islands, in particular,

has been elucidated in a way never before possible. The present

notice is concerned only with the insects and other terrestrial

arthropods, so far as reported on. Much of the material still

awaits study, but the published accounts enumerate about 950

species, of which 420 species or races were new to science. We

may estimate that the total of the new forms, when all have

been gone over, will not fall short of 600, and may run to 700.

This omits all reference to the fine collection of plants, already

described, the very important series of mollusca, etc., all ob-

tained by the expedition. However, all this successful effort

would have been of comparatively little value had it not been

possible to have the specimens studied and the numerous result-

ing papers published. The Academy is to be congratulated on

the excellent appearance and promptness of its reports, so that

already the principal results are available to the scientific world.

It is, of course, true of such work as this, that it raises a

number of interesting questions which must eventually be an-

swered, if at all, through further research. There are reasons

for thinking that the southern end of the peninsula was for-

merly a large island ; also that the islands of the southern por-

tion of the gulf are older (as islands) than those north of the

latitude of Guaymas. The problem of the smaller islands is

particularly fascinating, as it may eventually be possible to use

their biota to determine the rate of evolution of species in

* Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali-

fornia in 1921. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, Vol. XII, Part VI (General

Account), VII (Bees — I), VIII (Dolichopodidse), IX (Geometridae), X

(Tineid Moths), XI (Hemiptera) , XII (Tenebrionidse), XIII (Bombyliidse),

XIV (Coccidse), XV (Dermaptera and Orthoptera), XVI (Efmbiidae), XVII

(Pseudoscorpions), XVIII (Chilopods and Diplopods), XIX (Melyridse), XX

(a new Noctuid), XXI (Anthomyidae and Lonchaeidse), XXII (Bembicini),

XXV (Diptera, General Account), XXVII (Bees — II), XXVIII (Spiders),

1923-1924.

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

different groups. Thus we find that there are undoubtedly

endemic forms of reptiles and snails on these islands, but it is

questioned whether there are any truly endemic flowering

plants. With regard to the arthropods, we can only say that

many species are known from these islands, but whether they

are all or mostly peculiar to them cannot be stated on the basis

of present knowledge. It can hardly be without significance

that all the six kinds of bees found on San Jose Island were

new, and of 16 from Angel de la Guarda Island 12 were new.

Of 18 bees from Tiburon Island, 10 were new, but of 41 from

Guay mas only 19 were new. However, Angel de la Guarda

Island, which produced such a large proportion of new bees,

gave 12 old and 7 new spiders, and 5 old and 2 new Tene-

brionids. The places which gave more new spiders than old

were San Pedro Bay, San Carlos Bay, San Esteban Island, San

Evaristo Bay, Puerto Escondido, San Luis Island, Tortuga

Island, San Marcos Island, Santa Catalina Island, Los Galleras

Island, San Jose Island, and Ceralbo Island. The places which

produced more new Tenebrionids than old were Tepoca Bay,

Guaynias, San Esteban Island, Angeles Bay, Gonzales Bay, San

Nicolas Bay, Puerto Escondido, La Paz, San Luis Island, San

Marcos Island, Santa Inez Island, Ildefonso Island, Coronado

Island, Santa Catalina Island, San Diego Island, and Espirito

Santo Island. There is thus no very clear evidence of endem-

icity apparent on comparing the results from different groups of

arthropods. In the Madeira Islands I have observed a remark-

able development of slightly modified but quite distinguishable

insular forms among the Tenebrionidae and Carabidae, some of

them on very small islets. It can hardly be doubted that analo"-

gous phenomena occur elsewhere.

The Diptera of the expedition, elaborated by Messrs. Cole,

Malloch and M. C. Van Duzee, show a number of interesting

features. Several forms still await examination, but enough has

been done to show the great preponderance of Bombyliidae : 73

species, of which 28 were new. Only 27 new Diptera were

found among all the other families combined, so far as studied.

This abundance of Bombyliidae is noteworthy because in Mio-

cene times, as shown by the Florissant deposits, this family

appears to have been dominant and varied, taking the place, as

parasites, of the Tachinidae, which do not appear in the Floris-

JANUARY, 1925] COCKERELL GULF OF CALIFORNIA 141

sant beds at all. I do not mean to suggest that there were no

Tachinidse in those days, but only that they were, at any rate,

rare or absent in North America. It must be remarked, how-

ever, that the Lower California Bombyliidse are disappointing,

in that they include hardly any of those rare and isolated

genera which are closely related to a great series of extinct

genera present in the Miocene rocks. I had strong hopes that

the expedition would discover one or more of the Miocene

genera in a living state, but nothing of the kind appeared. In-

stead of that the list includes no less than thirty-five forms of

Villa (Anthrax), belonging to a section of the Bombyliidae

apparently quite absent from the Florissant shales. In several

of the papers attention is called to species which belong to

genera or groups elsewhere known only from remote parts of

the world. LTndoubtedly, the Lower California Peninsula and

adjacent islands are more likely than most regions to exhibit

these relic species, and it may be anticipated that more inten-

sive collecting at various seasons of the year will bring to light

a number of ancient survivors from an earlier epoch. The land

shells are especially significant in this respect, but the insects,

on account of their numbers, afford great opportunity for dis-

covery. Anyone who has studied the geographical history of a

fauna comes to see in the existing biota a number of groups of

different age. Some have evolved in comparatively recent times,

others are extremely ancient. Some had their origin at or near

the place on which we find them, others migrated from the

other side of the earth. Thus a mere faunal list, at first sight

so lacking in interest, takes on dramatic features and con-

tributes to our understanding of the philosophy of nature.

It may perhaps be disappointing to some to find that the

great work of exploration and investigation carried on by the

Academy does not seem to lead us nearer to the completion of

our tasks. Instead of that it opens up new vistas which lead us

on and on to a land that no man knows. We should be happy

that it is so, and in the assurance that the door of opportunity

for significant scientific research cannot be closed in the Pacific

Coast region for an incalculable period. Or, rather, it cannot

be closed so long as we care to keep it open by our labors and

material support. — T. D. A. Cockerell.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 3

ECONOMIC NOTES

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, California

An Outbreak of Telea Polyphemus

About 400 yards of a double row of large elms, four miles

north of San Jose, California, have been completely defoliated

by larvae of the polyphemus moth {Telea polyphemus Cram.).

At the time of observation, November 1, 1924, cocoons were

numerous in the trees and on the grass at the base of the

trunks. A few fully grown larvae were also seen. Some of the

cocoons showed emergence holes of the adults, probably indi-

cating that this was a second brood. Most of the cocoons

seemed to be smaller than normal. — Victor Duran.

A Predacious Helix in South Africa

VVe have many Helix here: quite a pest, in fact, but they

have one good trick. They climb the plants and eat off the

white wax scale, Ceroplastes destructor. I was puzzled for a

long! time at seeing denuded scale bodies and others which had

been eaten. At first I thought it was all done by birds (some

is), but finally I found most of it was the work of snails, done

during the night and in early morning while the dew is still on.

As far as I can learn, this is the first record of Helix eat-

ing scale, but there is absolutely no doubt about this observa-

tion, as I have caught them at it many times of late. I suppose

they are after the wax principally. — E. W. Rust.

Capetown, September 29, 1924.

Mating Habits of Polistes

During the late autumn of 1923, in the neighborhood of Nan-

king, China, I observed that the males of a large species of

Polistes would fly to the sunny side of various trees, run about

for a few seconds, then extend the abdomen backwards and

apparently discharge some volatile substance. In a short time

they would be joined by females, and mating would occur soon

after. The males of the species observed are very differently

marked from the females, so are readily distinguished. This

method of the male attracting the female was observed many

times, for after my attention was called to it I made a point of

watching for it and of carefully checking all the facts. As

JANUARY, 1925]

ESSIG ECONOMIC NOTES

143

much as I had always believed the males sought the females,

as is the case with most other insects, I was considerably sur-

prised, and, not finding any mention of this fact in the litera-

ture, am reporting it. — Edwin C. Van Dyke,

CoEORADiA Pandora in Oregon

While cruising timber in Central-Southern Oregon during

the summer of 1924, I had an opportunity to observe the emer-

gence and flight of the large Pandora moth {Coloradia pan-

dora Blake). This moth belongs to the family Saturniidse. It

is of economic importance, in that it attacks yellow pine and

in many cases defoliates the trees, due tO' the enormous number

of the larvae.

The life cycle is of two years’ duration. The moths fly one

year and lay eggs. These eggs hatch and the young larvae go

into hibernation. The following year these larvae feed, and

when mature pupate in the ground. Thus the second year after

an egg-laying sees emergence and oviposition again. I cannot

say as to overlapping broods.

The first moth seen was on June 20, in the Sprague River

Valley near the loeality of Yainax. In a few days the flight of

the males could be noticed, and by July 1 the height of emer-

gence was on. At this time fluttering moths could be seen

everywhere through the woods. A dozen or more females

could be found on almost every tree in some localities, and

were abundant throughout the brush. The males, beating their

wings on the trees made a noise resembling a wind. The height

of the daily flight of the males was between midnight and noon.

The last male was seen on July 20.

The size of the moths undoubtedly lent a certain color to

their emergence, making it very conspicuous. Having never

observed the defoliation, I can only say that reports are that

it is severe. Thus, both in flight and economic damage, this

insect is very striking, as well as in having a peculiar life

cycle. — Hartford H. Keifer.

November 22, 1924.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee^ Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The Third International Congress of Entomology will be

held at Zurich, Switzerland, July 19 to 26, 1925, with Dr. A. V.

Schulthess as president. General Secretary Dr. Leuzinger,

Gloriastrasse 72, Zurich, 7, Switzerland.

All entomologists are cordially invited. For the Executive

Committee. Henry Skinner.

The first and second congresses held at Brussels and Oxford,

respectively, were very successful, and it is now proposed to

hold the third congress in a neutral country where entomolo-

gists of the belligerent countries could meet without embarrass-

ment, and Switzerland has been suggested as a suitable place,

attractive in many ways and convenient for the majority.

Professor W. B. Herms has recently returned from a trip to

the Fanning Islands, where he went to study certain injurious

insects which have been attacking the cocoanut pahns. He also

made a biological survey of the islands.

Mr. H. C. Fall spent his summer vacation in Alaska, visiting

many of the old type localities for insects.

Volume XHI of the Proceedings of the California Academy

of Sciences (1924) includes the following entomological

papers :

No. 13, E. P. Van Duzee, The Genus Erythroneura in Cali-

fornia. 6 pages.

No. 17, Frank E. Blaisdell, New Melyrids from Southeastern

California. 11 pages.

No. 19, T. D. A. Cockerell, and Grace Sandhouse, Parasitic

Bees (Epeolinse and Melectinse) in the Collection of the

California Academy of Sciences. 20 pages.

No. 20, Leland H. Taylor, Chrysididas from Lower California.

8 pages.

No. 21, Grace Sandhouse and T. D. A. Cockerell, Expedition

of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali-

fornia in 1921. The Bees, III. 7 pages.

No. 22, Grace Adelbert Sandhouse, Bees of the Genus Osmia

in the Collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

32 pages.

Vol. I

AprU, 1925

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

COCKERELL, BEES OF THE GENUS CCELIOXYS 145

ALDRICH, A NEW LEUCOPIS FROM SAN FRANCISCO 152

VAN DUZEE, M. C., DOLICHOPODIDS, NEW OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN . . 153

MUIR, ON THE GENERA OF CIXIID^, MEENOPLID^, AND KINNARIDJE, H . 156

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, ADDENDA TO NOTES ON THE STRETCH COLLECTION 164

VAN DYKE, NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF WEST AMERICAN HISPIN^ . . 170

JONES AND BRISLEY, FIELD NOTES CONCERNING ARIZONA HISPIN^ . . . 174

VAN DYKE, OBSERVATIONS ON COLEOPTERA OF YOSEMITE VALLEY . . . 175

SPRUYT, EGG-LAYING HABITS OF SAXINIS SAUCIA LEC 176

COCKERELL, BEES COLLECTED BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE 179

COCKERELL, SOME PARASITIC BEES FROM PACIFIC COAST 180

KNAUS, THREE NEW FORMS OF COLEOPTERA 182

BLAISDELL, A NEW SPECIES OF DASYTES FROM CALIFORNIA 184

CHAMBERLIN, A NEW SPECIES OF POECILONOTA FROM CALIFORNIA . . . 186

ECONOMIC NOTES 188

EDITORIAL COMMENT 191

San Francisco, California

1925

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada; $2.25 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

be sent to the treasurer, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California. Make checks payable to the “Pan-

Pacific Entomologist.”

Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for the

back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publica-

tion if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. A. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

W. W. Henderson, Logan, Utah

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

EVancisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME ONE

July, 1924, to April, 1925

San Francisco, California

1925

CONTENTS

Aldrich, J. M.

A New Leucopis from San Francisco 152

Annand, P. N.

A New Species of Adelges 79

Barnes, William, and Benjamin, Foster H.

Two New Californian Limacodid Moths 126

Notes on Some Species of Lepidoptera in Relation to

the Stretch Collection 127

Addenda to Notes on Some Species of Lepidoptera in

Relation to the Stretch Collection 164

Blaisdell, Frank Ellsworth, Sr.

Studies in the Melyridse 15

New Forms of Coniontis. 83

A New Centrioptera from Texas 87

A New Species of Dasytes from California 184

Chamberlin, Joseph C.

The Cheiridiinse of North America 32

Hesperochernes laurae, a New Species of False Scor-

pion from California, Inhabiting the Nest of

Vespa - 89

Chamberlin, W. J.

A New Species of Poecilonota from California 186

Cockerell, Theodore D. A,

Anthophorid Bees in the Collection of the California

Academy of Sciences 49

Bees of the Genus Andrena in the Collection of the

California Academy of Sciences 57

The Entomology of the Gulf of California 139

Bees of the Genus Ccelioxys in the Collection of the

California Academy of Sciences 145

Some Bees Collected by Mr. P. H. Timberlake at

Riverside, California 179

Some Parasitic Bees of the Pacific Coast Region 180

Cole, Frank R.

Notes on the Dipterous Family Asilidse, with Descrip-

tions of New Species 7

Duncan, Carl D.

Dolichovespula diabolica Sauss. and Its Supposed

Variety fernaldi Lewis 40

Spiracles as Sound-Producing Organs 42

Emerton, J. H,

New California Spiders

Ferris, G. F.

The Nymphs of Two Species of Chermidse

Jones, Wyatt W., and Brisley, Harold.

Field Notes Concerning a Few Arizona Hispinse

Knaus, W.

Three New Forms of Coleoptera

Malloch, J. R.

Two New Cordylurid Flies from the Pacific Coast

Muir, Frederick.

On the Genera of the Cixiidae, Meenoplidse, and Kin-

naridse - 97,

Nagel, Paul.

A New Form of Lucanoid Coleoptera

Spruyt, F. J.

Observations on the Egg-Laying Habits of Saxinis

saucia Lee - -

Spider, Anthony.

North American Species of the Genera Sphserocera

and Aptilotus

Van Dyke, Edwin C.

New Species and Subspecies of Cychrini from West-

ern North America

Studies of Western North American Carabinse, with

Descriptions of New Species

Notes and Descriptions of New Species of West

American Hispinse

Observations Concerning Certain Coleoptera from the

Yosemite Valley, California, Made During the

Summer of 1921

Van Duzee, Edward P.

Characters of Two North American Chermidse

Van Duzee, Millard C.

A New Western Dolichopodid

North American Species of Paraphrosylus Becker, a

Subgenus of Aphrosylus Walker.

Dolichopodids, New or Imperfectly Known

Economic Notes, Edited by E. O. Essig .45, 93, 142,

Editorial Department 46, 95, 144,

174

182

156

176

111

170

175

153

188

191

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. I, No. 4. April, 1925

BEES OE THE GENUS CGELIOXYS IN THE

COLLECTION OF THE CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Boulder, Colorado

1. CcELioxYS coQUiLLETTi Crawford

Females. California: Coronado, August 3 (Blaisdell) ; San

Diego, August 23 (Blaisdell) South Sonoma County, October 6

(Kusche) ; Santa Cruz, November 4 (Van Duzee).

Males. California: Sacramento, May 27 (Van Duzee). This

seems to be the male of C. coquilletti, although the femora are

black and the tibiae suffused with black ; the spurs are very light

ferruginous. The fourth abdominal sternite is produced and

shining at end, but dark, rounded, and not emarginate. There

are two small spots of white hair in the scutello-mesothoracic

sutures, as in the female.

2. CcELioxYS NOVOMEXiCANA (Cockerell)

Females. Arizona: Cochise County, June 26 (V. W. Owen).

California: Mokelumne Hill, September (Blaisdell) ; Oak Glen

Lodge, San Bernardino County, 5000 feet, July (F. C. Clark) ;

Stockton, August 20 (Van Duzee) ; Sobre Vista, Sonoma

County (Kusche).

Males. Arizona: Cochise County, June 26 (V. W. Owen).

3. CcELioxYS MENTHA Cockerell

Females. Arizona: Cochise County, June 26 (V. W. Owen).

4. CcELioxYS TEXANA Cresson

Female. Arizona: Cochise County, June 26 (V. W. Owen).*

*This is the genuine C. texana. For many years I have had in my collec-

tion a species collected by Dr. S. Graenicher in Washington County, Wis-

consin, July 23, 1907, and determined by him as C. texana. I had uncritically

accepted this determination, but the insect is really quite different, and

may be separated thus:

Coelioxys wisconsinensis Cockerell, n. sp. Female (type) about 12 mm.

long, black, less robust than C. texana, the abdomen conspicuously more

slender, and the long last ventral segment, which is fringed with long

(short in texana) liairs at sides, much more pointed, acute, more as in

C. hunteri Crawford. Other differences are as follows; scape more slen-

der, antennae entirely black; clypeus less densely punctured, less hairy;

supraclypeal region with a prominent median polished ridge; meso-

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

5. CcELioxYS RUFiTARSis Smith

Females. Utah: Salt Lake City, July 1 (Van Duzee). Cali-

fornia: Shasta County, July 23 (Kusche).

Males. Utah: Salt Lake City, July 1 (Van Duzee) ; Logan,

July 18 (Van Duzee) ; Park City, July 3 (Van Duzee) ;

Lagoon, June 30 (Van Duzee). Oregon: Wallowa Mountains,

Baker County, July 5 (Van Dyke). Washington: Wawawai

(W. M. Mann). The Lagoon specimen is very remarkable in

having apparently hairless eyes ; with a microscope it is possible

to see a very few hairs, including one long one on the left eye.

Possibly the eyes are denuded, but I think we have a bare-eyed

mutation.

6. CcELioxYS RUFITARSIS RHOis Cockerell

Females. Utah: Logan, July 15 (Van Duzee). Oregon:

Colestin, Jackson County, July 30 (Van Duzee). On account

of the black tegulse these fall with rhois, but in all the terminal

lobe of the apical ventral segment is distinctly narrower than

in the type of rhois from the White Mountains of New Mexico.

Also, the hair on the eyes is white, whereas in type rhois it is

pale yellowish. Thus, although the Utah and Oregon specimens

cited belong to rhois, as defined by Crawford, it might be better

to use that name in a much more restricted sense. The Logan

male (see above) has dark reddish tegulse.

7. Coelioxys rufitarsis claripes Cockerell, subsp. n.

Male. Femora strongly stained with red above; tibiae and

tarsi entirely red, antennae entirely black; eyes with long hair.

Type, male, No. 1633, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, June 6-12, 1917, at Keen Camp, Riverside

County, California.

8. Coelioxys mediata Cockerell, n. sp.

Female. I had this mixed with C. rufitarsis rhois, but it is

easily separated by the hair on the eyes, which (as in C. coquil-

letti) is only about half as long, and is pure white. It is smaller

thorax less densely punctured; hair-marks of thorax above entirely

white; axillar spines smaller; scutellum shorter and more rounded;

femora with some blackish suffusion behind; basin of first abdominal

segment with a sharp margin, behind which is a white hair-band,

failing in middle. The tarsi are black, the hind pair with orange

pubescence on inner side.

The male is given in my table in Canad. Entomologist, June, 1912, as

C. uxana. The color of legs and other features separate this from C. alternata

Say.

APRIL, 1925]

COCKERELL CCELIOXYS

147

than rhois, with green eyes, shorter and more curved axillar

spines, and much narrower apical lobe of last ventral segment.

It diflfers from C. coquilletti by the black (or very faintly red-

dish) tegulae, and femora black except at apex. The abdomen

is entirely black, above and beneath ; the fifth segment is entirely

minutely granular, except basally where there are some fairly

distinct punctures. The first dorsal is not densely punctured

above as it is in coquilletti. The insect is thus between coquil-

letti and rufitarsis; possibly to be regarded as a race of the

former. From C. angulifera Ckll., it is at once known by the

angular projections at sides of last dorsal segment,

Male. California: Millbrae, September 1, 1912 (F. E. Blais-

dell). Looks like the male of C. rufitarsis, but easily separated

by the short hair on eyes. The tibiae are black except at apex,

the tarsi bright ferruginous. The margin of fourth abdominal

sternite is evenly rounded.

Type, female. No. 1634, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, September 1, 1912, at Millbrae, Cali-

fornia.

9, CcELioxYS GiLENSis Cockerell

Female. California: Cayton, Shasta County, July 9 (Van

Duzee),

10. CcELioxYS DEANi Cockerell

Females. California: Bear Valley, San Bernardino County,

August 17 (F. C. Clark) ; South Fork Kings River, July 8

(Van Dyke). This species is smaller than C. gilensis, and has

the first recurrent nervure joining the second cubital cell very

near the base, or even meeting the intercubitus. Probably

C. deani has a different host, but its status as a distinct species

is rather doubtful.

Males. California: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,

July and August (F. C. Clark) ; Kings River Canon, Fresno

County, July 2 (Van Dyke) ; Oak Glen Lodge, San Bernardino

County, 5000 feet, July (F. C. Clark). In all these, the apex

of abdomen is a little broader than in the type male of C. deani.

11. CcELioxYS APACHEORUM Cockerell

Female. Utah: King’s Station, Davis County, July 24 (Van

Duzee).

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

12, CcELioxYS MOESTA Ci'esson

Females. Utah: Daniels Canon, Heber, July 5 (Van Duzee).

California: Fallen Leaf Lake, July (L. S. Rosenbaum). A very

widely distributed and variable species ; known from the allied

C. portercB Ckll. by the very short axillar spines. From C. an-

gulifera Ckll. it is known by the much shorter axillar spines,

grooves not continuous across second and third abdominal seg-

ments, much longer hair on eyes, etc.

13. CcELioxYS RiBis Cockerell

Females. California: Strawberry Valley, El Dorado County,

August 14 (Van Dyke) ; Kings River Canon, Fresno County,

July 8 (Van Dyke).

Male. (No locality label) collected by Dr. Van Dyke.

14. CcELioxYS RIBIS KiNCAiDi Cockerell

Male. British Columbia: Nanaimo Biological Station, June

28 (Van Duzee).

15. CcELioxYS ANGULiFERA Cockerell

Male. California: Paradise Valley, Fresno County, July 15

(Van Dyke).

16. Cgelioxys megatricha Cockerell

Males. California: Coronado, September 15 (Blaisdell) ;

hills back of Oakland, August 2 (Van Dyke). The lower apical

teeth of the abdomen are less divergent than in the type, but the

species is certainly the same.

17. CcELioxYS fragariae Cockerell

Male. California: Cascada, Fresno County, 6000 feet, July

29 (Van Duzee).

18. CcELioxYs deplanta Cresson

Males, California: Millbrae, September 1 (Van Dyke) ;

Poway, San Diego County, May 20 (Blaisdell). Utah: Salt

Lake City, June 27 (Van Duzee).

19. CcELioxYS quercina Cockerell

Males. California : Huntington Lake, 7000 feet, July 27

(Van Duzee).

20. Coelioxys salinaria Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length about 8.5 mm.; black, with white hair, dense and

pure white on face; knees, tibiae and tarsi bright ferruginous, femora

APRIL, 1925]

COCKERELL CCELIOXYS

149

somewhat suflfused with red; eyes light green, with short hair; an-

tennae entirely black; lower part of cheeks with a bevelled space;

head and thorax above coarsely punctured, the punctures well sep-

arated on vertex, dense on mesothorax, but some shining surface

showing in middle; hair-marks of thorax above weak, except white

bands in front of and behind scutellum; scutellum not produced or

tuberculate; axillar spines well developed, curved; tegulae bright fer-

ruginous; wings dusky at apex; stigma bright ferruginous, nervures

fuscous; first recurrent nervure joining second cubital cell some dis-

tance from its base, and second a like distance from apex; anterior

coxae spined; spurs ferruginous; abdomen with white hair-bands, no

basal one on first segment; transverse sulci of second and third ter-

gites deep and entire; no foveae on second segment; lateral and lower

apical spines of abdomen slender and sharp; upper apical simple,

much more divergent than lower; fourth ventral not bidentate. Ap-

parently allied to C. edita Cresson, but distinguished by the color of

the legs.

Type, male, No. 1635, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, July 1, 1922, at Salt Lake City, Utah. Para-

type, one male, same data.

21. Ccelioxys asclepiadis Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length slightly over 9 mm.; black, including the antennae,

but tarsi dark red, and the femora and tibiae reddish-black; pubes-

cence very dense and pure white on face, mainly white on thorax

and abdomen, but light yellowish along mesothorax anteriorly (thick-

ened sublaterally, but not forming dentiform projections), and a spot

of the same color behind tegul^, and band in scutello-mesothoracic

suture; eyes light brown, with short hair; head and thorax above

coarsely and densely punctured; scutellum neither produced nor

tuberculate; axillar spines stout, not very long; cheeks with a bevelled

space below; mesopleura shining, punctured, bordered in front and

behind with white hair; tegulas black; wings dusky apically and a

streak in marginal cell; stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous; first

recurrent nervure joining second cubital cell some distance from

base; anterior coxae with short spines; spurs red; abdomen with

white hair-bands, first segment with an entire and very distinct basal

one, which is slightly yellowish; transverse sulci on second and third

tergites failing in middle; no foveas on second segment; apex rather

produced, with a very deep median sulcus; lateral and lower apical

spines sharp; upper apical entire, very thick and blunt, not or hardly

more divergent than lower; translucent apex of fourth tergite broadly

emarginate, and before it a bright ferruginous patch. A pollen body

of Asclefias is attached to the left hind leg of the type.

Resembles C. angelica Ckll., but easily separated by the

broader axillar spines, fulvous tint of hair-markings on thorax

above, first recurrent nervure remote from intercubitus, etc.

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

Type, male, No. 1636, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

Virgil Owen, June 26, 1916, in Cochise Co., Arizona. Pre-

sented to the Academy of Sciences by Mr. J. E. Law.

22. Coelioxys hypodonta Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length about 11 mm.; black, including legs and antennae,

the tarsi refuscent at apex; fourth and fifth abdominal tergites rufous

basally; tegulae dark rufous; pubescence white, dense on face; eyes

pale green, with long hair; cheeks with a bevelled space below; head

and thorax above densely and coarsely punctured; scutellum neither

produced nor tuberculate; axillar spines stout, moderately curved,

not very long; mesopleura covered with long hair; wings slightly

reddish, stigma and nervures ferruginous; first recurrent nervure

remote from intercubitus; spurs dark; hair on inner side of hind

tarsi light yellow; hind edge of first abdominal segment very nar-

rowly red; sulci across second and third segments deep and entire;

foveae on second segment transversely oval, quite large, without an

impunctate margin; no distinct spines at sides of fifth segment;

spines at sides of sixth well developed, but blunt; lower apical spines

long, slender, parallel, rather wide apart, not sharply pointed; upper

apical spines about half as long, stout, rounded, more divergent than

lower; fourth ventral segment with an acutely bidentate process; fifth

with an expanded hyaline margin.

Very distinct by the abdominal characters.

Type, male. No. 1637, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

Mr. L. S. Rosenbaum, in July, 1915, at Fallen Leaf Lake,

California.

In Annals Entom. Soc. America, June, 1914, Crawford gives

a very good table for the separation of female Ccelioxys, and I

gave a table of females in Psyche, October, 1905. The males

recorded above are not so easily separated, so I offer a new table,

as follows :

Legs red 1

Legs black, with tarsi, and sometimes also tibiae, red 5

Legs black 10

1. With linear transverse foveae on second abdominal tergite

behind groove 2

Without linear transverse foveae on second abdominal tergite;

hair of eyes short; tegulae bright ferruginous 3

2. Anterior femora mainly clear red; axillar spines long; tegulae

bright ferruginous megatricha Ckll.

Anterior femora black, red above; axillar spines shorter; tegulae

much darker rufitarsis claripes Ckll.

3. Lower apical teeth of abdomen wide apart, upper ones bifid;

axillar spines conspicuously curved; first recurrent nervure

APRIL, 1925]

COCKERELL CCELIOXYS

151

entering extreme basal corner of second cubital cell

quercina Ckll.

Apical teeth of abdomen not unusually remote, upper ones

blunt, not bifid 4

4. Antennae partly reddish basally; axillar teeth large; second ter-

gite with very small foveae novomexicana Ckll.

Antennae wholly black; axillar teeth shorter; second tergite

without foveae deplanata Cresson

5. Foveae on second abdominal tergite, behind transverse furrow.

punctiform or absent; hair on eyes short 6

Foveae on second abdominal tergite linear, transverse 7

6. Tegulae clear red; upper apical spines of abdomen much more

divergent than lower salinaria Ckll.

Tegulae dark; upper apical spines of abdomen not more diver-

gent than lower asclepiadis Ckll.

7. Hair on eyes long rufitarsis Smith

Hair on eyes short 8

8. Length over 11 mm.; anterior tibiae black in front except at

end mediata Ckll.

Much smaller; anterior tibiae dark or bright red in front 9

9. Middle of second abdominal tergite, before groove, shining and

sparsely punctured; no spots of light hair between meso-

thorax and scutellum angulifera Ckll.

Middle of second abdominal tergite, before groove, duller and

densely punctured; two spots of light hair between meso-

thorax and scutellum coguilletii Crawford

10. Upper apical teeth of abdomen tridentate; no transverse fovea

on second abdominal tergite fragarice Ckll.

Upper apical teeth of abdomen simple, not divided 11

11. Large transversely oval fovea on second abdominal tergite;

hair of eyes long hypodonta Ckll.

No fovea on second abdominal tergite 12

12. Larger; hair of eyes long; tegulae black 13

Smaller; hair of eyes short; tegula reddish deani Ckll.

13. Larger; hair of head and thorax above yellowish

ribis kincaidi Ckll.

Smaller; hair of head and thorax above dull white ribis Ckll.

In American Museum Novitates, No. 21 (1921) I remarked

that the nearctic Coelioxys species seemed to be usually re-

stricted, or nearly restricted, to a single province. The present

collection shows that many of the species are more widely dis-

tributed, and the California endemism which I expected to find

exists only to a very limited extent. Thus, out of fourteen spe-

cies represented in the collection from California, only two were

undescribed.

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

A NEW LEUCOPIS FROM SAN FRANCISCO

BY J. M. ALDRICH

Associate Curator, United States National Museum

The following species was sent to the National Museum for

determination by Mr. Eric Walther of the office of the Park

Commissioners, San Francisco :

Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich, new species

Front with dense gray pollen on the sides, median stripe much

darker, of nearly equal width to the lunule, about twice as wide

as one parafrontal. Ocellar triangle greatly prolonged so as

to divide the stripe for most of its length. No ocellar or frontal

bristles. Antennas deep black, the entire face also deep black

up to a transverse line at about the lunule. Parafacials also

black. Lower part of the head receding, the head rather tri-

angular in profile; back of head plumbeous, this color extend-

ing forward a little between the mouth and the eye. Proboscis

and palpi black. Thorax densely gray pollinose with rather

coarse hairs. Dorsocentrals two pairs, with four erect rows of

coarse hairs between them. Abdomen black, with thin satiny

gray pollen and no distinct markings. Legs black ; femora some-

what pollinose; halteres yellow. Wings subhyaline, slightly gray

on the anterior half. The hind cross-vein separated from the

anterior one by a little more than the length of the former.

Length : 2.2 mm.

Described from eleven specimens of both sexes, reared by

Mr. Eric Walther at San Francisco, California, “in connection

with Thecodiplosis pini-radiatcES Four paratypes are being

deposited in the California Academy of Sciences.

Type: Female, Cat. No. 28,212, \J. S. N. M.

APRIL, 1925]

VAN DUZEE DOLICHOPODIDS

153

DOLICHOPODIDS, NEW OR IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, N. Y.

Asyndetus spinosus M. C. Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 6.5 mm. ; of wing, 5.3 mm. ; a large, pale

green, white-pollinose species with many spines and wholly

yellow legs and feet.

Face, front, palpi, and occiput thickly covered with white pollen,

which conceals the ground color. Face nearly as wide as the front.

Antennae black; first two joints with considerable white pollen; third

joint small, longer than wide; arista subapical, as long as the antenna.

The small black orbital cilia descend nearly to the middle of the eye;

below these there is a long, abundant, white beard.

Thorax pea-green, but the ground color nearly concealed with

white pollen, which has a slight yellow tinge on the center of the

dorsum, probably due to the bronze reflections beneath it. Acrosti-

chal bristles rather small, in two rows; five large dorsocentral bristles

in each row; anterior part of the dorsum with many short, stiff hairs;

scutellum with one pair of large marginal bristles and a much smaller

one outside of these; above each fore coxa is one black bristle and

two hairs. Abdomen a little depressed, broad at base, tapering to its

apex; pea-green with white pollen, which does not conceal the ground

color, its hairs stiff and black, each segment with a pre-apical row of

bristles. Hyopoygium nearly concealed, with a number of stiff spines

on its posterior surface.

All coxae blackish, anterior surface of fore and middle pairs with

long, stiff, black hairs; posterior pair with an erect bristle on outer

surface; trochanters yellow; femora thickened, pea-green with abun-

dant white pollen and rows of stiff, black hairs; fore femora with a

row of stout, black bristles on each side of the lower edge, leaving

a broad glabrous stripe between them; middle and hind femora with

numerous black bristles on lower surface, but these are placed more

irregularly; the posterior pair also have a cluster of long, black,

bristles at base below; all femora with a few bristles near the tip on

upper surface; tibiae and tarsi yellow; anterior tibiae with three large

bristles on upper anterior edge; beyond these and extending to the

tip is a row of short, close-set, bristles or stiff hairs; on the upper

posterior edge is a row of hairs and bristles; these rows leave a dis-

tinct glabrous stripe between them; middle and hind tarsi with stiff,

spine-like hairs. All pulvilli much enlarged, yellow, more brown in

the middle, especially at base. Joints of fore tarsi as 40-17-13-10-10,

their pulvilli 18, joints of hind tarsi 46-26-19-13-14, their pulvilli 20,

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

fiftieths of a millimeter long. Calypters, their cilia, and the halteres

pale yellow.

Wings nearly hyaline; veins yellow, costa more blackish, except

at base and ending abruptly at tip of third vein, which runs close

to second; last section of fourth vein almost broken at apical third,

where it is bent at right angles, the bend being very thin, thinner

than the apical portion of the vein; cross-vein considerably before

the middle of the wing and nearly opposite the tip of first vein; last

section of fifth vein as long as the basal portion of the last section

of fourth vein.

Type, male, No. 1638, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, June 25, 1921, at Angeles Bay, Lower Cali-

fornia. Described from the unique type.

This species is remarkable for its large size, pale green color,

abundant white pollen, wholly yellow tarsi, and its numerous

spines and bristles.

Mesorhaga clavicauda M. C. Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 3.5 mm. Face and front shining green, the former

a little dulled with gray pollen; palpi yellowish. Basal joint of an-

tennae black (other joints missing in the type). Orbital cilia white;

a few minute white hairs on the vertex.

Thorax and abdomen shining green, in certain lights the posterior

slope of the thorax, most of the scutellum and base of abdomen

appear deep black; bristles of the thorax black, the tips of some of

them white when seen in certain lights. Hairs of the abdomen pale

and few, with several minute black hairs among them; venter yel-

lowish, with long, pale hair. Hypopygium shining black, as long as

the last two abdominal segments taken together; it has a few white

hairs and is obliquely truncate at apex; outer lamellae about half as

long as the hypopygium, brown, fringed with pale hairs, broad at

base, suddenly narrowed near the middle, the apex again widened and

rounded; penis black, as long as the hypopygium.

Coxae and femora blackish; fore coxae and lower surface of femora

with long, white hair; trochanters brown. All tibia yellow, tips of

posterior pair and their tarsi brownish black; fore and middle tarsi

yellow, scarcely darkened at tip. Calypters whitish, with very narrow

brown tips and long, white cilia. Halteres blackish. Wings nearly

hyaline; venation typical of the genus.

Described from one male taken at Muskegon, Michigan,

July 4, 1906, by A. C. Hill.

This form differs from albiciliata Aldrich, in having all tibiae

yellow; the appendages of the hypopygium longer and brown,

the trochanters darker, fore and middle tarsi more yellow and

hind tarsi more blackened.

APRIL, 1925]

VAN DUZEE DOLICHOPODIDS

155

Hydrophorus fumipennis, Van Duzee

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Series, Vol. xi, p. 167.

The original description was made from a single female which

was in poor condition. Having seen a fine series of forty speci-

mens of this form taken by Dr. G. D. Hanna and L. Merculioff,

on St. George Island, Alaska, in May and September, now in

the United States National Museum, I am making a few addi-

tions and corrections of the description cited.

Female. Face shining green or bronze-green with a little yel-

lowish pollen below the suture. The fore femora with two rows of

spines below, five of which, in the anterior row on basal third of

femora, are long; the spines on inner edge of fore tibiae extend from

near the base to the tip of the apical angle, which is distinctly pro-

duced towards the femora; these spines are as long as, or longer

than, those on the femora (except the five long ones mentioned above

as being on basal third). Joints of fore tarsi as 20-13-9-8-9; those of

middle ones as 35-18-13-10-11; those of posterior tarsi as 45-27-21-

10-11. Wings often quite dark brown or blackish-brown.

Male. Color of the face, front, legs, caUpters, halteres and wings

as in the female; beard yellow and short on lower portion, but black

near the neck; two black bristles above fore coxas in most specimens;

fifth abdominal segment considerably produced below on apical edge,

with a distinct appendage to the hypopygium, extending a little below

on its ventral surface; joints of fore tarsi as 22-12-10-8-10; of middle

ones as 40-25-20-10-11; first two joints of hind tarsi are as 40-25.

A Third Record for Emphoropsis Depressa Fowler

On April 5, 1925, I took an individual of this large bee at

Mill Valley, Marin County, California. It was flying over the

ground on a grassy slope as though looking for a suitable

hole in which to establish its nest. On page 49 of this volume

of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Professor Cockerell reports

a specimen taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke as the second

recorded occurrence of the insect. — E. P. Van Duzee.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1 , NO. 4

ON THE GENERA OF CIXIIDiE, MEENOPLID^

AND KINNARID^

BY F. MUIR

Honolulu, T. H.

(Continued from Page 110)

The Genera of Cixiidce

The family Cixiidse, as above restricted, contains about

seventy-four genera at the present time, and as these insects

have been given comparatively little attention by collectors in

the tropics, where they are most numerous and diverse, the

number is likely to be greatly increased. As the least specialized

of the five families which appear to be descended from a similar

type (Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Tropiduchidae, Derbidae, and Achi-

lixiidae), the classification of the genera of this family is of

considerable interest, and the recognition of the lines of evolu-

tion among them may be of help in understanding the lines of

evolution among the genera of allied families. Among these

five families we find some male genitalia which approach the

meenopolid type, but the difference is generally recognizable

and, as a rule, they are specialized representatives of families

whose generalized forms have typical cixiid types of male geni-

talia. As an example, the Delphacinae can be cited ; these often

have a ring at the base of the sedeagus which may be the peri-

andrium, but they are descended from the Asiracinae, which

have a typical cixiine genitalia.

No attempt has been made to tabulate all the genera of

Cixiidse since 1866, when Stal mentioned most of the then

known genera, Fieber’s work being confined mainly or entirely

to European genera; it is, therefore, apparent that an attempt

should be made to list and classify them. StM’s classification

has been followed by nearlv all subsequent workers. His first

division segregates the Mcenoplidse of the present paper; his

second and third divisions segregate a few forms without

carinse on the clypeus or with longer antennae than normal, and

are purely artificial. His fourth division is based upon the pres-

ence or absence of spines on the hind tibiae before the apex.

It is unfortunate for systematists that these spines are not de-

pendable, as there are too many genera in which they are

obscure, and one cannot say whether spines should be consid-

APRIL, 1925]

MUIR — CIXIID^

157

ered as present or absent. Again, the use of these characters

bring together forms widely separated on general morphologi-

cal grounds, and separates others which are closely allied. But

until the morphology of the family is much better understood,

we find this last disadvantage in any dichotomous table that may

be drawn up.

The wTiter’s conception of the most primitive cixiid is one

in which the tegmina and wings are fairly large, tectiform when

at rest, with C coincident with the costal margin. Sc, R, M, and

Cu all arising separately from the basal cell or only touching

at their bases and not forming a stalk; the body compressed

laterally with a well-developed ovipositor in which the anterior

and middle gonopophyses or styles are co-ordinated and work

together as a simple organ, the ovipositor, with the posterior

styles acting as a sheath for them when at rest; the female

pygofer not much longer than wide and not flattened into a

large surface bearing wax glands ; the median ocellus present.

The genus which appears to approach nearest to this theoreti-

cal types is Andes Stal, and after that Parandes, Melandeva,

Brixidia, Brixia, Southia, Benna, and Bennaria, with the Pin-

talia group gradually passing through the Ptoleria into the

Cixius group, in which the body is horizontally flattened, the

tegmina but slightly tectiform, the ovipositor incomplete or

abortive, the female pygofer flat, wide and secreting long fila-

ments of wax. In the Andes group we find three conditions of

the Sc, R and M, viz. ; (a) All three arising separately from the

basal cell, (b) Sc R forming a stalk, and (c) Sc -|- R -|- M

forming a stalk; in the Cixius group we find only the second

and third conditions. It is to be regretted, for taxonomic rea-

sons, that the main dichotomy of the family cannot be made

between these two groups, but there are some forms that are

intermediates and make it difficult to define. In both these

groups the tend of evolution has been towards the joining to-

gether of the bases of the veins, Sc, R and M, sometimes accom-

panied by a slight stenogenesis ; in no case is there a great platy-

genesis, and in no case is there a costal area with transverse

veins.

Four genera have been segregated off as a tribe, Bothrio-

cerini, and if Kinnara be retained in the Cixiidae it should be

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

placed with them. These possess a subantennal plate or the

aiiteniise are sunk into a pit. EurypJilepsia and Stenophlepsia

are closely allied genera; Bothriocera and Borysthenes are not

so closely allied, and both are considerably diflferent from the

former two; the tribe may only be one of convenience.

The Genera of Meenoplidce

The eleven genera forming this family are all closely related

and form a homogeneous and, evidently, a monophyletic group.

They require a careful revision, as the characters upon which

they are founded are very slight. At present the writer is unable

to separate Anigrus and Inxwala, Kermesia and Eponisia, Robi-

galia and Nisia.

The species are all fairly thick-set and small, with the teg-

mina, when at rest, tectiform, the veins fairly thick, the clavus

granulate, and very often the Sc -|- R also granulate. M3 -j- 4

is often in contact with Cu 1. A median ocellus is nearly always

present, or a scar represents its position. The male genitalia

have the periandrium large, more or less funnel-shape, with the

penis tubular and passing through the periandrium, with a large

apodeme of the penis. The ovipositor is incomplete, the pos-

terior styles (sheath of ovipositor) short, broad, subquadrate,

the median and anterior styles (ovipositor) very small or miss-

ing. The pygofer does not secrete wax, but this is done by some

of the abdominal tergites, a condition also found in Kinnara.

This type of female genitalia is very different from the Cixiidse,

and is nearer to Flatidse and the other families with the meeno-

plid type of male genitalia.

Kinnaridce

This family is represented by the one genus, Kinnara Distant.

Head distinctly narrower than thorax. Vertex small, about as long

as broad, base straight or but slightly emarginate, divided from frons

by a straight, transverse carina which is sometimes obscure. Frons

longer than broad, sides arcuate, broadest in middle, lateral carinse

large, with a small, clear spot (fenestra) in front of antennee, no

median carina, in lateral view edge of frontal lateral carinae slightly

sinuous. Clypeus tricarinate, the lateral carinae continuing from the

frons; labium reaching nearly to apex of abdomen, apical segment

long. Eyes a little wider than deep, antennal sinus small, three dis-

tinct ocelli. Antennae small, globose; subantennal process present in

the shape of a strong ridge across the gena, with a smaller one at

APRIL, 1925 ]

MUIR — CIXIID^

159

right angles to it and between it and the antenna. Pronotum very

short, hind margin widely emarginate. The lateral carinae following

the hind margin of eyes and reaching the hind margin in front of

tegulae; mesonotum wider than long, tricarinate, the carinae some-

times obscure. Legs slender, hind tibiae unarmed.

Tegmina fairly broad, tectiform, the apical margins generally

touching when at rest. Sc and R forking near middle of tegmen in

most species. R joining M for a short distance before Mf and look-

ing like a part of M system; M arising from basal cell or from base

of Sc + R, but does not form a stalk, wdth three or four apical veins,

Cu normal; claval veins joining near apex and entering suture at or

near apex, without granulation; costal cell broad, the stigma large.

The male sdeagus consists of an outer tube, the periandrium, and

an inner tube, the penis, which passes through the periandrium. The

female ovipositor is incomplete, the styles being small; the pygofer

is small and obscure and appears to bear no wax-secreting gland, but

this function is taken on by the sixth, seventh, and eighth tergites,

which are large and bear wax-secreting glands.

This is an anomalous genus, and it would be good if it could

be placed elsewhere, but no other existing family could con-

tain it. The male and female genitalia place it among the meeno-

pline group of families. The claval vein joining the suture at

apex is a character which should take it from the Cixiidae.

Kimiara albiplaga Dist. does not belong to this genus, but to

Suva Kirk.

Remarks on Certain Genera

Akotropis Mats. If Matsumura’s figure of the tegmen of

Akotropis fumata be correct, this should not be an Achilid, but

more likely a Cixiid.

Aulocorypha Berg. The writer is unable to place this genus

in this table. The genus Cixiosoma Berg has been placed there

with great doubt as to what it really is. The absence of the

median ocellus would indicate that they do not belong to the

Cixiidse.

Betacixius Matsumura. The writer is not acquainted with

this genus, either by specimens or the description.

Bodecia Walker. The type material of this genus is in the

British Museum and consists of a single mutilated specimen

with the abdomen missing. The head belongs to a Delphacid,

evidently Ugyops, and has been gummed onto the thorax, which

belongs to Mnemosyne. Neither the head or tegmina agree

with the description. The antennse are described as very short,

.160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

whereas the specimens have long, cylindrical antennae of

Ugyops. The description does not allow it to be placed in the

table. We must await the finding of locotypes which agree with

the description.

Calerda Signoret. The writer is not acquainted with this

genus.

Cyphoceratops Uhler. The writer has not seen this genus,

and the description leads him to think it is not a Cixiid. The

description of the hind tibiae having “a stout, long spur at tip”

would indicate that it is a Delphacid.

Eucarpia Walker. The type of this genus is a damaged

specimen in the British Museum. It conies very near to Ptoleria

Stal, but the writer is loath to sink the latter until it has been

shown that it is necessary.

Eudelphax Melichar. An examination of the type Eudel-

phax setulosus shows that it belongs to the Delphacidae, and is

the same as Eodelphax serendiba Kirkaldy. The type speci-

men is damaged, but one hind leg is present and it bears an

awl-shaped apical spur that shows it belongs to the subfamily

Asiracinse. The specimen bears Kirkaldy’s type label, and also

Melichar’s label, Eudelphax setulosus.

Ipsnola Sign. This genus was placed in “Achilides Stal,”

but was compared with Cixius. The description does not allow

the writer to place it in either the Achilidse or Cixiidae with any

certainty. The location of the type specimen is not known to

the writer.

Macrocixius Matsumura. The writer is not acquainted with

this genus, either by specimens or the description.

Monorachis Uhler. The writer only knows this genus by the

original description. Van Duzee’s ^ remarks upon it, and Met-

calf's ^ figures of the head and thorax. Not knowing the condi-

tion of the tegmina, he is unable to place it in his table. The

frons is as broad as long and nearly round.

N esomyndus Jacobi. The writer is unable to place this genus

in his table. It is stated to be near Myndus; the base of vertex

is more deeply angularly emarginate, and there is no trace of a

transverse carina before the apex.

Prosops Buckton. The type of this genus is in the British

1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Soc. Philadelphia, 1907 (published 1908), p. 484.

2 Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. (1923), XXXVIII, PI. 54, figs. 278, 279.

APRIL, 1925]

MUIR — CIXIID^

161

Museum, and is mounted on a glass microscope slide. There

appear to be no characters to separate it from Oliarus.

Prosotropis Uhler. The type specimen of this species could

not be traced in the British Museum, It was compared by Uhler

to Cercopis, and the description does not enable the writer to

place it in the table. In the United States National Museum

there is a specimen labeled ‘^Prosotropis decorata Uhler,” evi-

dently in Uhler’s handwriting, and it may be a cotype. The

specimen is in a bad condition and gummed on a card, and

belongs to the Delphacidse, apparently a Delphacodes.

Tiriteana Myers. The writer has no specimens of this genus,

and several characters are omitted in the description which pre-

vents him from placing it in his table.

The following genera belong to the Achilid^e : Chroneba Dis-

tant; Clusivius Distant; Taloka Distant; Hamha Distant; Am-

blycratus Uhler; Cionoderus Uhler,

Oliarus Stal. Kirkaldy erected two subgenera in this genus,

one, Nes oliarus, to contain all the Hawaiian species, and an-

other, Nesopompe, to contain one Australian and one Fijian

species, felix and saccharicola. The first is purely a geographi-

cal subgenus and is of great convenience, as it segregates a

number of species, varieties and forms, which are closely allied

and monophylatic ; among them we find some forms that could

go into the typical subgenus Oliarus and others into Nesopompe.

Kirkaldy erected the genus Mesopompe upon the characters

found in the spines on the first and second hind tarsal joints

(not tibiae as stated in his table). The writer considers felix

and saccharicola to be the same species ; it has an undivided

fosette, the transverse carina being curved, and there is no

Carina joining it to the carina at apex of vertex. The writer

would consider this as the better character to erect the subgenus

upon. All the New Zealand and some Malayan species would

then come into this subgenus.

New Genera and Species

Olonia Muir, gen, nov.

Width between the posterior angles of vertex greater than length

along middle line; apex strongly angular and carinate, base angularly

emarginate, the angle subequal to apex, width between apical angles

of the vertex less than between basal angles, sides nearly straight,

diverging posteriorly, a medio-longitudinal carina runs from base to

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. I, NO. 4

near apex, but does not join apical carina. Clypeal suture obscure,

frons and clypeus appearing as a single body, sides arcuate, elevated,

especially about level with median ocellus, where frons is widest;

median carina simple, distinct, continuing unbroken through frons

and clypeus. Antennae small, second segment about as long as broad;

no carina across gena below eyes. Labium reaching slightly beyond

hind coxae, apical segment long. Pronotum nearly perpendicular in

the middle, fitting into the base of vertex, very short, mostly covered

by head. Mesonotum about as wide as long, tricarinate, outer carinae

straight, slightly diverging posteriorly. Hind tibiae without spines.

Ovipositor complete, long, projecting considerably beyond pygofer,

which is a little longer than wide. Tegmina long, about three times

the width beyond clavus, where it is widest. Sc + R and Cu forks

less than one-third from base, Mf distad of middle, 3 Rs and 5 Ms,

Mia present. Claval vein entering commissure a little before apex.

The insect is fairly narrow and the tegmina fairly tectiform, the hind

margins coming together when at rest.

Type Bothriocerodes metallicus Fowler.

Colvanalia Muir, gen. nov.

The type of this genus is a species of Walker’s in the British

Museum labeled concinnula Walk, Sula, and appears to be

Bj'ixia concinnula Walk. (Jl. Linn. Soc. Lond. ZooL, X, 1868,

p. no.)

Width of vertex at base equal to length, twice the width of apex,

slightly arcuately emarginate, apex slightly angular, sides nearly

straight, slightly carinate, no longitudinal or transverse median

carina; frons about as wide as long, narrowest at base, broadest near

apex, ocellus distinct, median carina present, but obscure, sides

slightly carinate; clypeus obscurely tricarinate. Sc + R forking about

one-third from base, Cuf more distad, but before apex of clavus,

Mf about level with node; 2 Rs, M arising from basal cell with five

apical veins: Ml, la, 2; 3, 4.

Nothocharis Muir, gen. nov.

Width between basal angles of vertex considerably greater than

length in middle and 2.3 times width at apex, sides nearly straight,

deeply carinate, base arcuately emarginate, disc excavate, a distinct

medio-longitudinal carina. Frons considerably longer than broad,

narrowest at base, gradually increasing to near apex, then decreasing,

the sides straight on basal half then arcuate, width at apex slightly

more than twice the width at base, carinse on sides and in middle dis-

tinct; median ocellus obscure, only represented by a minute scar.

Clypeus tricarinate, continuous with carinae of frons. No carina

across gena below antenna. Eyes with a small antennal sinus. An-

tenna small, second segment globose. Pronotum short, hind margin

deeply and angularly emarginate, tricarinate, the lateral carinae nearly

APRIL, 1925]

MUIR CIXIID^

163

straight, diverging posteriorly, reaching hind margin. Mesonotum

compressed laterally, tricarinate, about as long as broad. Tegmina

fairly tectiform, apices touching or almost touching when at rest;

Sc + R forking near to basal cell; M arising from basal cell, Mf

slightly basad of apex of clavus; Cuf about middle of clavus; eleven

apical veins. Sc 1, 2; R 1, 2; M 1, la, 2, 3, 4; Cu 1, 2. Hind tibiae

without spines. Ovipositor complete, pj'^gofer longer than wide.

Type N othocharis bakeri.

Nothocharis bakeri Muir, sp. n.

Female. Length, 2.8 mm. ; legmen, 3.7 mm.

Carinae of head yellow fuscous brown between carinae, antennae

light brown, pronotum and mesonotum dark brown or black, carinae

j^ellow, posterior angle of mesonotum yellowish; legs light, anterior

and middle tibiae banded; abdomen dark brown. Tegmina light at

base, fuscous over the rest with nine hyaline marks in apical cells

between Sc and M 4; veins same color as membrane, granules small

and obscure. Wings hyaline, slightly fuscous, with brown veins.

Described from one female from Baguio, Benguet, Philippine

Islands (C. F. Baker). This genus comes into a small group

between 13 and 20 in the table. Type, No. 1165.

Nothocharis tayabasensis Muir, sp. n.

Female. Length, 3 mm. ; tegmen, 4 mm.

This species differs from the genotype, in having the Sc

strongly bent inward at the stigma, and Cu strongly bent towards

M 3 -]- 4, which it touches for a short distance.

Stramineous; slightly fuscous at base of frons and on vertex be-

tvveen carinse, dark brown between carinse of mesonotum. Tegmina

hyaline, stramineous, dark brown over apex of clavus, apical portion

of Cu and M 3 + 4, with four raised, shiny, white spots, one on Cu 2,

one on Cu 1, and two on M 3 + 4. Apical cells very slightly fuscous,

with lighter areas in apical cells; veins same color as membrane.

Wings slightly fuscous, veins brown.

Described from one female from Malinao, Tayabas, Philip-

pine Islands. (C. F. Baker, No. 10,003). Type, No. 1166.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

ADDENDA TO NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF

LEPIDOPTERA IN RELATION TO THE

STRETCH COLLECTION

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Epicnaptera AMERICANA (Harris)

1841, Harris, Kept. Ins. Mass., p. 273, Gastropacha.

ilicifolia (Auct. nec. Linn.)

1797, Abbot & Smith, Lep. Ins. Ga., I, 101, pi. LI (biol.), Phaleena.

occidentis (Wlk.)

1855, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., VI, 1392, Gastropacha.

carpinifolia (Bdv.) (partim.)

1868, Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII, 83, (partim.), Lasiocampa.

form FERRUGiNEA (Pack.)

1864, Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Ill, 386, Gastropacha.

race carpinifolia (Bdv.) (partim.)

1868, Boisduval Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII, 83 (partim.) Lasiocampa.

form CALiFORNiCA (Pack.)

1872, Packard, Kept. Peab. Acad., IV, 91, Gastropacha.

form MiLDEi (Stretch)

1872, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., pp. 113, 240 (pi. IV, f. 12),

Gastropacha.

roseata (Stretch)

1872, Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 240, pi. IV, f. 12, Gastropacha.

race? alascensis (Pack.)

1872, Packard, in Stretch, and Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am., p. 114,

Gastropacha.

race dyari (Rivers)

1893, Rivers, Can. Ent., XXV, 114, Phyllodesma.

This species presents a number of much discussed and little

known names, two of which were put into print by Stretch.

The species, with its races and forms, appears to be very gen-

erally distributed throughout the United States and probably

throughout Canada and Alaska, except for the coldest portions.

The Barnes collection possesses 120 specimens from Pa., Ohio,

111., Wise., Utah, Colo., Nev., Ariz., N. Mex., Calif., Ont.,

Man., Alta., B. C., Vane. Is., and Alaska, while Abbott and

Smith figure it from Ga., and dyari was described from Texas.

APRIL, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN LEPIDOPTERA

165

The species seems subject to a wide range of variation in

color and maculation in every locality. In fact, it is difficult to

obtain two specimens which are identical.

With ten names assigned to this species, it is best to eliminate

some of these before proceeding further.

Ilicifolia of Abbot and Smith is presumably an erroneous

identification of Georgia specimens as identical with the Euro-

pean species. Spuler’s figure of the larva of European ilicifolia

(Raupen, pi. XVIII, f. 6) is quite distinct from a larva before

us labeled americanaE In fact, the larva of americana ap-

pears to be more like that of tremulifolia as figured by Spuler

(Raupen, pi. XVIII, f. 5), but apparently distinct. The two

European species were much confused during the time of

Hiibner, and it is quite likely that Abbott and Smith were call-

ing ilicifolia, betulifolia and tremulifolia, ilicifolia. Be that as

it may, the American species is apparently distinct from Euro-

pean species ; “ilicifolia A. & S.” is based on a misdetermina-

tion and is, therefore, unavailable.

The name occidentis Wlk. described from North America

may be referable to any of the forms. We do not know what

Walker’s type looks like and leave the name as placed by prior

workers.

The name ferruginea appears to be based on ferruginous

colored specimens of americana.

The name carpinifolia was described from a single specimen

taken by Lorquin in the woods of California, and also from

Abbot and Smith’s plate of “ilicifolia.” Boisduval did not, to

our knowledge, apply name to, and describe from, figures of

other authors unless he possessed actual material. This actual

material we would consider, therefore, has a better claim to

hold the name proposed than an erroneous reference to some

other work or a part of a description drawn therefrom. This

idea is rather universally accepted in regard to Linnean specific

names, and we see no reason why it should not be applied to

subsequent authors. We are quite certain that if we were to

publish a name based on material before us, to erroneously

assign to the synonymy a misidentification of a prior author

and to amplify our description by including early stages de-

scribed by that author, we would not be pleased to have another

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

author restrict our name to any form or species which we did

not actually possess when we wrote.

If, then, California americana should possess a racial name

(we are dubious about that point) it would appear that car-

pinifolia Bdv. was the oldest name available based on West coast

material. Calif ornica Pack, will probably become a synonym,

but not having examined Boisduval’s type, we propose to list

calif ornica as a color form. It is always easier to sink a name

than to resurrect one. We note that, in general. West coast

material appears to have less white contrasts on the primaries,

although some Eastern specimens, especially those referable to

ferruginea lack white contrasts. A specimen compared with

the single type of calif ornica, at Cambridge, by Dr. McDun-

nough, indicates a form similar to americana, but with less white

contrast on the primaries.

The names mildei and roseata were both assigned by Stretch

to the same specimen, a male. Coll. J. Behrens. In the text,

page 113, mildei is used, but the “explanation of plate 4” gives

roseata, which is, however, “corrected’' on page 240 to mildei.

The name roseata is actually published in connection with the

figure. It appears to be neither a lapsus calami nor a typographi-

cal error. The Code does not seem clear in regard to what to do

with such names. Even if not credited to the original author

who has created them “in error,” they would apparently be

available because of adoption combined with descriptions and

indications by subsequent authors. It seems sensible to “credit”

roseata to Stretch (1872) rather than to some other authorship,

say Neumoegeii and Dyar (1894, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., II,

153), who adopt it. Certainly, Stretch was the first to recog-

nize that his names were synonymous and has definitely selected

the name mildei in his attempt to eliminate the name roseata.

We, therefore, follow him in this, but retain the name roseata

in the synonymy. Unfortunately, the name represents an inter-

mediate form, lacking all white on the primaries which are red,

with the terminal space darkened by gray. Temporarily, we

retain mildei as a form name. It is, however, a Behrens manu-

script name, according to Stretch, and if Opinion 78 of the

International Commission be followed, may ultimately have to

be credited to “Behrens in Stretch.” Personally, we prefer to

follow the actual wording of the Code, credit to Stretch as the

APRIL, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN — LEPIDOPTERA

167

first author publishing the name “in connection with” a descrip-

tion, and avoid an awkward authorship of no practical value,

The name alascensis must be added to our lists. It is prob-

ably one of Packard’s names which were to be published in the

papers destroyed by the Chicago fire. We understand that some

few separates were sent out, that Mr. Nathan Banks possesses

one of these, and Stretch presumably had a copy or at least

access to Packard’s description as he publishes a quotation,

enough, we believe, to hold the name and authorship which he

credits to Packard; “uniformly dark chestnut-brown, much as

above ; v/ith the outer band distinct, and with large triangular

dusky spots between the venules.” By contrasting mildei to

alascensis. Stretch has also published the name. In this case, it

appears to us that Article 21 of the Code indicates that author-

ship can rest with Packard. Had Stretch not put quotation

marks around some of the words, we would consider that

Article 21 required the authorship to be “Stretch.” While the

description of alascensis is nomenclatorily adequate, it is taxo-

nomically inadequate, so we retain the name as a race of ameri-

ca^ia until either the type can be found or sufficient Alaskan

material can be obtained to guess at its status.

The name dyari appears applicable to a race or perhaps a dis-

tinct species inhabiting Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. It is

somewhat larger and paler than americana, although some Cali-

fornia specimens appear to be intergrades as far as color. The

White Mountains of Arizona produce a form of americana

which is similar to Colorado material. The dififerences between

the Eastern and West coast races of americana is so slight

and evanescent, that we are quite at a loss to know how to

place specimens from Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Alberta, and

Manitoba.

A single wreck of a specimen, its pin bearing one label, “298

Gastropacha mildei California,” is in the Stretch collection. We

believe the label must somehow have gotten onto this pin in

error. Stretch’s figure plainly represents an Epicnaptera {Gas-

tropacha), but the labeled specimen is pale-colored, twice as

large as the figure, and presumably represents some exotic spe-

cies of Lasiocampid not belonging to the genus Epicnaptera. It

had evidently once been papered, the abdomen being greatly

flattened.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. I, NO. 4

At our request, Mr. Van Duzee has again gone over the

unlabeled material in the Stretch collection, in search of a speci-

men agreeing with the figure of Arachnis” semiclara Stretch.

Through his efforts, another obnoxious “unplaced name” can

now be determined.

Ecpantheria suffusa (Schs.)

1889, Schaus, Ent. Amer., V, 190, Arachnis.

1892, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Lep. Het., I, 219, Arachnis.

1897, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het., II, 378, pi. LXXV, f. 11,

Arachnis.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 386, text fig. 162, Ecpan-

theria.

1924, Barnes & Benjamin, Contr. N. H. Lep. N. A., V (3), 105,

Ecpantheria.

semiclara (Stretch).

1906, Stretch, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 124, pi. XII, f. 18, Arachnis.

1906, Dyar id., XIV, 124, footnote, ? near suffusa, Ecpantheria ; ? = $

albescens, Arachnis.

1924, Barnes & Benjamin, Contr. N. H. Lep. N. A., V (3), 105, ? =

suffusa, Ecpantheria; Arachnis.

The species was recorded from the Baboquivari Mountains,

Pima County, Arizona, by B. & Benj., 1924, on the strength

of 2 6, 1 2 sent by Mr. O. C. Poling. Since then, we have

received from the same locality and collector additional speci-

mens, now making a total of 13 6 , 3 2. The species is a very

variable one, and no two specimens before us are absolutely

identical.

A single 6 , labeled with only a small, round, white pin label

bearing the number “649,” is in the Stretch collection. The

medial spurs of the hind tibise being absent, the specimen falls

into the genus Ecpantheria.

This specimen has the fore wings practically identical with

Stretch’s figure, but the hind wing shows a very slight amount

of black along the outer margin. The black discal spot and the

black costal spots are as illustrated. An examination of the figure

shows that it is, apparently, not accurate, as the maculation of

the two primaries is drawn somewhat differently in the more

minute details. The amount of black on the outer margin of the

hind wing of the Stretch specimen is so small that we are in-

clined to think it was overlooked by the artist. In fact, it has

APRIL, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN LEPIDOPTERA

169

been practically lost on the right secondary, which is somewhat

rubbed.

In view of the existence of the single specimen in the Stretch

collection; the extreme variability of the species, most speci-

mens of which would not agree at all well with the Stretch

figure; and the practical agreement of his specimen with his

figure, we are of the opinion that we have the true type before

us. If this specimen be not the type, then it agrees so well with

the figure that there seems no reasonable doubt as to what

species the figure represents.

As for our determination of this species as stiff usa^ this also

seems beyond reasonable doubt, as Dr. Schaus has been kind

enough to compare some of our specimens with his type.

Tropisternus salsamentus Fall (Coleoptera)

This rarely collected species was first described from speci-

mens taken from a small salt lake just back of the ocean beach

at Redondo (type locality), California. At that time about a

dozen specimens were collected in April and July by Dr. A.

Fenyes. Mr. J. O. Martin has taken it at San Diego, Cali-

fornia, August 19, 1917. Mr. Warwick Benedict took several

at Ensenada, Lower California, July 19, 1924. Recently I have

seen a specimen in the collection of Mr. Vasco M. Tanner that

was secured at Redwood City on San Francisco Bay, Santa

Clara County, California, June 15, 1922. This record extends

the known range of distribution of this species quite a distance

north of the type locality. — Frank E. Blaisdell.

NeOCLYTUS CARUS AND MODESTUS

During the months of June and July, 1924, I reared a num-

ber of Neoclytus from oak which I had secured during the pre-

ceding winter in Eaton Canon, near Pasadena, California.

Approximately half of these were gray and white, and the

remainder yellow and black. These were identified by Dr. Van

Dyke as N. modesta Fall and N. earns Fall. I repeatedly ob-

served copulation between these insects, and always between

a gray and a yellow, the latter being the female. Dissection of

several of each shows male organs in the gray form and female

organs in the yellow form. From this it seems that N. earns

Fall is the female of N. modestus Fall. — A. C. Davis.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF

WEST AMERICAN HISPINiE (COLEOPTERA-

CHRYSOMELIDiE)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley

The Hispinae, because of their colors and neat appearance,

have always been considered as one of the most attractive groups

of the leaf-eating beetles. They are interesting biologically, for

their larvae are either true leaf-miners or work between the

approximated surfaces of the young unfolded leaves.^ Many of

the old world species are quite destructive as, for instance, some

which feed on the leaves of the bamboo and rice, and a number

of ours are also of economic importance, as will be shown by

the remarks of Mr. W. W. Jones and Mr. H. R. Brisley fol-

lowing mine. As the result of a recent study of our species, I

am making known a number of undescribed forms, and report-

ing a few facts concerning others.

Anisostena californica Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subcylindrical, black, upper surface, especially the elytra,

a deep metallic blue; antennae black. Front of head with a fine

median and a coarser longitudinal groove at the inner margin of each

eye and rather coarsely punctured, the punctuation extending well

up onto the vertex; antennae slightly longer than head and prothorax

together, third joint just perceptibly longer than the second but nar-

rower, fourth, fifth, and sixth gradually increasing in breadth, the

next five forming an elongate cylindrical club. Prothorax distinctly

longer than broad, with sides practically parallel, subcylindrical,

deeply, coarsely, closely, and irregularly punctured, quite reticulate

laterally. Elytra one-third broader at base than prothorax, three and

a quarter times as long as prothorax, with sides almost parallel, the

margin sinuate when viewed laterally, regularly rounded at apex and

minutely serrulate apically; disc with a scutellar and eight rows of

deep and regular punctures, the sutural and alternate intervals ele-

vated and costate. Mesofemora with a row of basal serrations within.

Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Type (No. 1639, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and five paratypes

in my collection captured by myself on a species of reedy grass

in the wet meadows on the floor of the Yosemite Valley, Cali-

fornia, May 22, 1921. I also have seven more specimens in my

collection from the following localities : Castella, Castle Crags

1 Biologia Centr. Amer. Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol. VI, Pt. 2 , p. 1.

APRIL, 1925]

VAN DYKE HISPIN.^

171

and Shasta Springs in Siskiyou County, California, and Carr-

ville. Trinity County, California, all collected during the months

of June and July.

This species closely resembles the bluer phases of Anisostena

perspicua Horn, agreeing with that in having the middle femora

serrate within, but it differs by being somewhat smaller, always

decidedly blue, with the front of the head deeply punctured, not

merely granular as in perspicua; joints four to six of antennae

decidedly transverse, not longer than broad as in the other, with

the base of prothorax not transversely depressed, and the elytra

not emarginate at the apices. From Anisostena funesta Baly.

it differs by possessing the middle femoral teeth, by not being

black, by having the front profoundly punctured, the intermedi-

ate joints of the antennae all decidedly transverse, the punctua-

tion of pronotum more definitely cribrate and the alternate ely-

tral intervals more costate.

Brachycoryna (Odontata) hardyi (Crotch) ^

This name should replace Brachycoryna horni Weise {mel-

sJieimeri Horn) in our lists. In separating the California spe-

cies from the Pennsylvania melsheimeri (Cr.), Weise seems to

have overlooked the fact that Crotch had already done that.

Brachycoryna hardyi (Cr.) is a common and widely distributed

species in California, living upon various species of Ceanothus,

or wild lilac, often in company with Baliosis calif ornicus

(Horn). It varies somewhat in the different parts of its range,

the specimens from the Sierra Nevada being as a rule the largest

and most elongate, with the elytral punctures very large, less

regularly disposed and with a tendency to become confluent.

The Southern California forms are shorter and with the rows

of elytral punctures more regular, while those from the San

Francisco Bay region are perhaps more rufous, with the elytral

punctuation the most regular and the intervals the most definite.

Specimens of the last were seen to be so different from the

Sierran forms, that I was inclined to consider them distinct until

I compared them with others of a more intermediate type.

Brachycoryna dolorosa Van Dyke, new species

Robust, coal-black, subopaque, legs somewhat nigro-rufous. Head

in front, with the usual median and lateral oculo-marginal grooves,

2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V (July, 1874), p. 80.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

punctate granular, antennae slightly longer than prothorax, club ellip-

tical and compact as usual. Prothorax broader than long, sides

straight and parallel for posterior two-thirds, convergent anteriorly;

disc coarsety, irregularly and cribrately punctured; intervals minutely

granulate. Elytra less than twice as broad as prothorax, over three

times as long, and itself somewhat less than two-thirds as broad as

long, broadest posterior to middle; sides hardly sinuate back of the

humeri, slightly arcuate and evenly rounded to apices; margin very

finely serrulate; disc convex, a series of three punctures at the side

of the scutellum, then four double rows of coarse punctures, the third

with a short series of punctures interposed (a double row interposed

in a few specimens); sutural and alternate intervals distinctly ele-

vated and costate, the entire surface minutely granulate like the pro-

notum. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Type (No. 1640, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and three desig-

nated paratypes from a series of nine specimens belonging to

the California Academy of Sciences, collected by Mr. E. P.

Van Duzee, at Millbrae, San Mateo County, California,

August 17, 1919, on wormwood. I have in my own collection

a specimen similar to the above, and secured at Burlingame,

San Mateo County, California, July 10, 1909, and another col-

lected at Berkeley, California, May 20, 1919, this last specimen

being more or less irregularly blotched with yellow, thus as

regards its color pattern approaching Brachycoryna hardyi

(Cr.). It, however, has all of the physical characters of the

typical all-black forms.

This species differs from Brachycoryna hardyi (Cr.) by being

generally more robust, both prothorax and elytra proportionally

broader, by the color in typical specimens, the dull appearance

in contrast to the shining of the other, by the more transverse

intermediate antennal joints, the definite and regular elevation

of the alternate elytral intervals, the discal ones in the other

but little if at all elevated, the more regular arrangement of the

punctures as well as better separation (this last character not

so evident when comparisons are made with the coastal phases

of hardyi (Cr.) ), and the less evident marginal serration. From

Brachycoryna montana (Horn), to which it is evidently more

closely related, it differs by being very much larger and more

convex, by having the elytral punctures smaller and less crowded

and the second and fourth intervals more elevated and straighter.

In montana, the intervals are quite sinuate.

APRIL, 1925]

VAN DYKE HISPIN^

173

Microrhopala rubrolineata Mann.

This species has been known for years to have a tendency to

vary as to its color pattern, but no one has noted particularly

that these phases were more or less definite geographical races.

This can be best shown by presenting them in tabular form.

Thorax with narrow yellow band near outer margin.

The yellow band continued on to the elytra and along the fifth

elytral interval almost to apex. Found throughout much of

Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains) and most of Southern Cali-

fornia rubrolineata Mann.

The yellow band absent from elytra. Found only in the hotter

and drier parts of Southern California, as at San Diego,

Palm Springs, and El Cajon, and extending northward along

the drier parts of the Coast range to Tasajara Hot Springs

in Monterey County, and along the western flanks of the

Sierra Nevada to Tuolumne County —

rubrolineata var. signaticollis Lee.

Thorax with yellow area so extended that the pronotum is all yel-

low, with the exception of a narrow median area; the elytral

vittse greatly broadened at basal area, extending from the third

stria to beyond the seventh interval, more or less enclosing

the humeral umbone, and absolutely lacking posterior to the

middle. Found in Siskiyou and Trinity Counties, California

rubrolineata militaris n. var.

Thorax without yellow markings.

Yellow markings of elytra very broad, extending from second

interval to near lateral margin and, as in the preceding phase,

confined to the anterior half of the elytra. Found in Arizona

(Yavaipai County) rubrolineata var. vulnerata Horn

The type (No. 1641, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) of the variety

militaris is a specimen collected by myself in Siskiyou County,

California (presumably Upper Soda Springs), some years ago.

Two paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences were secured by Mr. E. R. Leach, in Trinity County,

California, March 22, 1917.

The Microrhopala cyanea Say of Colorado, probably the typi-

cal form, is a moderately large insect, at least 6 mm. in length

and of a deep amethyst or bluish-purple color. There is a variety

in Arizona, of which I have a specimen, that is only 5 mm. in

length and of a brilliant greenish-blue color, contrasting quite

markedly with the more typical form.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

FIELD NOTES CONCERNING A FEW

ARIZONA HISPIN.E

BY WYATT W. JONES AND HAROLD BRISLEY

Chalepus ater Weise. Larvae and pupae found in large blotch

mines, in leaves of the common cultivated bean during late

August, 1924, in the Sulphur Springs Valley, near Douglas.

Adults appeared within a few days after taking the tenanted

mines. Though the mines were numerous, the amount of actual

damage could not be determined because of the greater injury

produced by the bean ladybird beetle, Epilachna corrupta Muls.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee reports a plot of beans belonging to

Mr. Biedermann, in the Huachuca Alountains, partially de-

stroyed this summer by this Hispinid. Mr. Biedermann stated

that he had not previously noted the species on his place, though

he had been growing beans for a number of years.

Baliosis calif ornicus (Horn). August 21, mined leaves occu-

pied by larvae and pupae were taken from Ceanothus fendleri

Gray at elevations ranging from 5500 to 6000 feet near Pres-

cott. Though the leaves of this plant are commonly very small,

the tissue of a single leaf was seldom completely consumed by

one specimen. The mines were numerous locally, but were not

generally distributed. Adults emerged from the mines soon

after the specimens were taken.

Microrhopala rubrolineata var. vulnerata Horn. While col-

lecting mined leaves of Solidago calif ornica Nutt, near the sum-

mit of Mingus Mountain, 7500 feet, adjacent to Jerome, on

August 28, beetle larvae were found to be present. Adults were

secured from mines very soon thereafter. The mines were quite

numerous and relatively large. They were not noted elsewhere.

Octotoma marginicollis Horn. Noted every summer since

1920, and abundant in a few restricted localities along Oak

Creek, east of Jerome, in Peresia tlmrheri Gray. Leaves of the

food plant are often completely mined out by several larvae

whose mines have become confluent. The plant is very leafy,

and the damage is readily observed from a short distance. The

adults feed, upon the leaves of the same plant, and many may be

found on one specimen.

Stenopodius davidus Horn. Found in September of 1923 and

1924, among the limestone hills east of the Verde River, and

APRIL, 1925]

VAN DYKE — COLEOPTERA

175

near Jerome. The larvae produce very small mines in the leaves

of Sphceralcea grossularicu folia Rydb., which are inconspicuous

and difficult to find because of the light color and dense pubes-

cence of the food plant. The adults feed upon the same species.

Both mines and adults are infrequent, generally but one to a

plant, with many adjacent plants unaffected. Dr. F. E. Blaisdell

reports this species mining the leaves of a bush mallow (Malva-

strum) near San Diego, California.

The identity of the species here considered has been con-

firmed by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING CERTAIN COLE-

OPTERA FROM THE YOSEMITE VALLEY,

CALIFORNIA, DURING THE SUMMER

OF 1921

BY E. C. VAN DYKE

Saxinus saucia Lee. Numerous larvae of this species, many

of which were reared to maturity, were found under rocks in

the nests of a small brown ant. They were case-bearing like

Coscinoptera dominicana Fab., a somewhat related insect which

has also been found in ants’ nests (see Riley, Amer. Naturalist,

vol. 16 (1882), p. 598, or Blatchley, Col. of Indiana, p. 1113).

This thus means that two of the tribes of our Clytrinae, the

Megalostomini and the Bariini, have members which are niyre-

mecophilous during at least part of the larval stage. The mem-

bers of a related subfamily Chlamydinae have case-bearing

larvae also, but, so far as known, are restricted toi vegetation.

Hybodera tuhercidata Lee. and Hyhodera debilis Lee, were

both found in numbers on the talus slopes, on the dead

branches broken off the preceding winter by an avalanche. The

first species was absolutely restricted to the branches of the

broad-leaved maple, Acer machophyllum Pursh., as was the case

with specimens collected in May, 1907, at Port Angeles, Wash-

ington; and debilis Lee., to various species of oak, chiefly the

black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb., and the golden-leaved or

maul oak, Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., even when the trees were

only a few feet apart. This biological habit, together with the

fact that the species differ greatly in size, as well as in color

and color pattern, should set at rest any doubt as to their specific

distinction.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

Phymatodes vulnerata I^ec. was also found on the dead

maple branches, thus confirming the observations of Burke and

others.

Dichelonyx oregona Van Dyke, a species described by me

from material collected by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher in South-

western Oregon, was also found in abundance concealed in the

foliage of the golden-leaved oak, Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.

The yellow color of the beetle harmonized fully with the yellow

down on the underside of the leaves. This may also be a case

of discontinuous distribution, though I doubt it. We have,

however, a very beautiful case of this in Dichelonyx robust a

Fall, a species described by Fall from material collected in the

Willamette Valley, Oregon, and later found east of the Cas-

cades near Klamath Falls, Oregon. During the summer of

1920, Professor E. O. Essig and some of his students found

an isolated colony of this on Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara

County, California. No specimens have ever been taken in the

intermediate region, even though competent collectors have

worked in this territory for years.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EGG-LAYING

HABITS OF SAXINIS SAUCIA LEC.

(COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDPE)

BY F. J. SPRUYT

University of California, Berkeley, California

During the summer of 1923, while on the grounds of Stan-

ford University, I made some notes concerning the egg-laying

habits of Saxinis saucia Lee. which I thought might be of in-

terest as supplementing the observations of Dr. Van Dyke,

noted elsewhere in this number.

On July 10, 1923, a female of this leaf beetle was observed

situated about five feet above the ground on a defoliated twig

of a Christmas berry (Heteromeles salicifolia) . Her abdomen

was freely extended from this perch, while a delicate yellow

egg (Fig. a) was observed at the apex. Supporting herself with

the first two pairs of legs, she had her hind legs available, to

use as a set of most adequate molding tools. Holding the egg

with the tarsi in a longitudinal position, pressed against the

abdomen, small dabs of colleterial material were excreted. After

APRIL, 1925]

SPRUYT SAXINIS

177

each discharge, the hind feet slowly moved the egg around from

left to right, thus coating it with a solid layer of brownish wax.

After this process had continued for twenty minutes, the egg

had become materially larger and of a darker color, although it

had kept its original shape. The next step in this complicated

manner of taking care of the egg, after oviposition, was then

taken. It was turned at a right angle with the abdomen, and

a circle of wax was placed on the anterior end. Molding it

with abdomen and feet a collar was formed, thus giving the egg

the shape of a vase. (Fig. b). After a little rest, during which

the egg was kept in the same position, a long structure was pro-

truded with little jerks and contractions of the abdomen. It

appeared to be slightly serrated and superficially resembled an

ovipositor. It was moved along the egg surface (Fig. c), being

approximately of the same curvature, was lifted up and pro-

truded again. When this structure extended a little beyond the

posterior end of the egg, it was broken off and glued against

the still pliable waxy rim. After a few moments the egg was

carefully turned and a second band was longitudinally placed and

glued, taking about two minutes’ time. In all, eight bands were

placed. While still wondering what the next move of this

solemn artist would be, the elaborate structure was suddenly

dropped, before I could realize what had happened, or could

even attempt to save it. However, the adult was taken into the

laboratory, and that same evening at 10 :05 a second egg was

produced and treated in similar fashion while being observed

by Professor G. F. Ferris and myself. The forming of the

bands or ribs took only a little more than a minute, while the

whole structure was finished in 30 minutes. The protective ribs

were irregular in length and only fastened at the rim, while the

hind tarsi continually pressed them against the coated surface

of the egg. After the egg was finished and ready to be dropped,

it had the appearance of a little seed or shrivelled brown flower

bud (Fig. d). The next morning (July 11, 1923) three more

eggs had been laid, giving five eggs in approximately fifteen

hours. Between oviposition, a rest of about two and one-half

hours was observed, during which time the insect very likely

feeds and prepares itself for the production of the next egg.

Before noon another egg had been laid, but no coating had taken

place. However, a few scattered dabs of waxy excretion were

found in the container. Her confinement and lack of food were

very likely the reason for this.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1 , NO. 4

Several adult females were later observed, the incubation

period of whose eggs proved to be twenty-six days. In the fiat

saucer-like anterior end of the egg, the larva made an incision

three-fourths of the circumference of a circle forming a lid

which was pushed off. Sometimes one of the ribs came off

attached to the lid.

At the time of making these notes it was observed that the

young larvae remained in the egg-shell, and it was presumed that

this was either due to the smooth surface of the container which

made it difficult for the young larvae to extricate itself from the

egg-shell, or because it served as a temporary protection for

the soft body. All of the larvae observed had this “case-bearing”

habit, not understood at the time, but explained by the observa-

tions of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke as a result of its later myrma-

cophilous life. As expressed in my original notes, the newly

hatched larvae remind one of immature caddis flies.

Dr. Van Dyke states that the cases of the adult larvae were

composed of an earthy-looking material, no doubt the excreta,

and that they were pistol-shaped. The cases were, therefore, no

doubt enlarged by the grov/ing larvae much in the same manner

as a snail enlarges its shell.

179

APRIL, 1925 ] COCKERELL BEES

SOME BEES COLLECTED BY MR. P. H. TIMBERLAKE

AT RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL *

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Nomia nevadensis Cresson

Very common at flowers of Gutierrezia saro three in August.

The males are black, the females mostly black, but the abdo-

men varies to almost entirely red. The last-mentioned speci-

mens are N. nevadensis Cresson, which normally has a red

abdomen in both sexes. The black specimens are N. arizonensis

angelesia Cockerell. Typical N. arizonensis is not sO' near tO'

N . nevadensis, but I think we must write Ah nevadensis an-

gelesia and N. nevadensis arizonensis. The Californian form

angelesia, which is normally black, is a separable race, but Mr.

Timberlake’s specimens show that it intergrades completely

with nevadensis. I have a male of N. nevadensis from Albu-

querque, New Mexico, with the abdomen almost entirely black

beyond the second segment.

Perdita minima Cockerell

At flowers of Euphorbia alhomarginata, August 29 to Sep-

tember 2. Described from specimens collected on Euphorbia

in Arizona ; new; to California. The abdomen, in the Riverside

specimens, is colored like the head and thorax. Mr. Timberlake

notes : “The male has the third discoidal cell obsolescent, and

the clypeus is produced into a long prong on each side.”

Spinoliella euphorbiae Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 6 mm.; black with light yellow markings,

those on the face cream-color, on abdomen light lemon-yellow; hair

of head and thorax abundant, tinted with ochreous above, white be-

neath; face below antennas all pale except the usual clypeal spots and

a little space at lower end of dog-ear marks; lower edge of clypeus

reddened; a small yellow spot above each eye, sometimes lacking;

labrum and base of mandibles cream-color; flagellum short, pale clay-

yellow beneath except at base; eyes (in dried specimen) dark greenish

or reddish; disc of mesothorax shining and well punctured; upper

margin of prothorax with an interrupted pale yellow band, tubercles

with or without a pale spot; tegulas dark rufous; wings hyaline,

* The following' correction should be made on page 61 of this journal in

the d,escription of Andrena microdonta. Line 2 Of description should read, “head

and thorax black," etc.; and in line 4 from bottom of description, “hind tarsi

long, dark brown; abdomen dark green, polished,” etc.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

stigma small, very pale reddish; abdomen with five broad yellow

bands, notched sublaterally behind, the band on first segment nar-

rowed in middle, that on second broadly interrupted, that on fifth

with a median black band crossing it; anterior tibiae on outer side,

middle tibiae basally and a stripe beyond, pale yellow; tarsi light

reddish.

Riverside, California, August 29, 1924, females at flowers

of Euphorbia albomarginata. Mr. Timberlake had determined

the species as apparently new; it is nearest to S. hesperia

Swenk and Cockerell, but smaller, with paler markings, which

differ in details.

SOME PARASITIC BEES OF THE PACIFIC

COAST REGION

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Dioxys pacificus Cockerell

Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, California, April 26,

1919 (E. P. Van Duzee).

Dioxys aurifuscus (Titus)

Warner Lake, Lake County, Oregon, high tableland, June

21, 1922 (Van Dyke). New to Oregon.

Bombomelecta edwardsii (Cresson)

Male: San Francisco, California, May (Blaisdell) ; female:

San Francisco, California (J. A. Kusche). The female has the

hair of pleura all black; it is evidently B. sygos. Viereck, which

Viereck suggested might be the female of B. edwardsii.

Nomada simplicicoxa Swenk

La P'az, Lower California, June 29, 1919, 3 $ , 2 6 (G. F.

Ferris) . The females differ from the type in having two small

obscure pale spots, or even a band, on lower part of clypeus.

The males have the pale marks on under side of abdomen much

reduced. The species was described from Tucson, Arizona, and

has not been known from any other locality.

Nomada peninsularis Cockerell, new species

Female (type). Length about 7.5-9 mm.; black with pale yellow

markings as follows: Base of mandibles broadly, broad lateral face-

marks (beginning at level of upper part of clypeus and ending ob-

APRIL, 1925]

COCKERELL BEES

181

liquely above level of antennae), small stripe behind top of eyes, scape

in front, swollen upper border of prothorax, tubercles, tegulae, broad

transverse band on mesopleura, two large spots on scutellum, rather

short band on postscutellum, very large quadrate patches on meta-

thorax, spots on middle coxae, large band on hind coxae, stripe on

trochanters in front, spot at apex of femora, anterior tibiae in front

(except a red spot at middle and one at apex), both ends of hind

tibiae above, connected bj^ a stripe below; stripe on basitarsi in front,

bands on first four abdominal segments (very broad at sides, taper-

ing and narrowly interrupted medially), a pair of large spots on fifth

segment and a pair of peculiar marks (shaped like a crawling snail)

on third segment beneath. Head broad; labrum dark, with short

white tomentum; clypeus with a faint reddish stain above; antennae

short, third joint longer than fourth; flagellum dull ferruginous,

blackened above; third joint with a yellowish spot on outer side;

front rough, with a yellow spot before middle ocellus; mesothorax

strongly and very densely punctured; scutellum bigibbous; meso-

pleura strongly punctured; wings duskjq the marginal cell and broad

apex dilute fuliginous; stigma ferruginous, nervures piceous; second

cubital cell very large and broad; receiving recurrent nervure ob-

liquely beyond middle; basal nervure meeting nervulus; legs mainly

black and yellow; anterior tarsi and last joint of other tarsi red; spurs

very pale reddish; anterior coxae well spined; abdomen shining, finely

and distinctly punctured.

Male. Length about 6-7 mm.; labrum pale red, with upper margin

broadly yellow; face below level of antennae all light yellow; the lat-

eral face-marks extending obliquely above; scape short; flagellum

pale beneath; femora pale yellow in front, the anterior femora also

beneath except at base, and the middle ones with the apical half

yellow beneath; abdomen with five interrupted bands and spots on

sixth segment; venter with broad interrupted bands on third and

fourth segments; apical plate notched.

Type, female. No. 1644, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

G. F. Ferris, June 29, 1919, at La Paz, Lower California.

Paratypes, two females, four males, same data.

A species of the subgenus Micronomada; the female runs

in my key to N. formula Viereck, a Californian species with

much brighter yellow markings. The male runs to N. modesta

Cresson, but the legs are differently colored and there are many

other differences of detail. The species is, however, clearly a

derivative of the North American group of N. modesta.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

THREE NEW FORMS OF COLEOPTERA

BY W. KNAUS

McPherson, Kansas

Cicindela longilabris chamberlaini Knaus, new form

Size, sculpture and form of montana. Black, shining, under

surface purplish in both sexes.

The only elytral markings are a slender middle band of white,

perpendicular to, but never attaining the outer elytral margin; the

band slightly angulated toward the apex at upper third, but lacking

at least one-fourth of elytral width of attaining the suture; middle

band almost entirely lacking in some females.

Fourteen specimens studied, seven males and seven females.

Thirteen were received from W. J. Chamberlain, head of

Division of Forest Entomology of the State Agricultural Col-

lege at Corvallis, Oregon, collected by Mr. Chamberlain in the

Stein Mountains in Harney County, Southeast Oregon, June

20-25, 1922. With these specimens I have associated a female

collected in Provo Canon, Provo County, Utah, by Tom Spald-

ing. The specimens show little variation in sculpture and

markings.

The type, a male, in the author’s collection; paratypes are

in Mr. Chamberlain’s collection, and in the collection of the

author.

This easily recognized form is named in honor of the col-

lector. It is much more shining than typical montana, a series

of which I have from Wyoming, Utah, Montana, and British

Columbia, and no doubt represents a race frequenting higher

altitudes than does montana.

Strategus antaeus houstonensis Knaus, new form

Form broader, more depressed and, therefore, less convex

than antceus. Color castaneous above and on ventral surface.

No appreciable difference in the color of the male and female.

Head similar to the head of antceus, Clypeus rugose with raised

transverse ridge, near center with small tubercle. Thorax of male

with short curved apical horn with blunt tip: Posterior thoracic horns

short and pointed, the lateral cavities rugose. Length of male thorax

10.5 mm. Width 15 mm., pronotal portion smooth and shining.

Scutellum smooth, except a line of coarse punctures at thoracic junc-

ture. Elytra smooth, shining. Elytral length, male, 20 mm., female,

19.5 mm.; width, male, 20 mm., female, 19.5 mm. Total length, male,

30.5 mm., female, 29.5 mm. Thoracic depression of the female deep.

APRIL, 1925]

KNAUS COLEOPTERA

183

with marked rugosity, the depression extending over one-half the

length of thorax.

A depressed line each side of the elytral suture extends one-fourth

the length of elytra, and again appears more than a fourth of the

distance from the elytral tip. Apices of elytra roughened with shal-

low punctures. Pygidium uniformly punctured near base, but less so

at apex.

Holotype male and allotype female from Houston, Texas,

have been in my collection for many years.

This form is broader and more depressed than any form of

antceus I have seen. The form, semistriatus of antcBUs was

described by Colonel Casey from Texas, but the single male

was 33 mm. in length, and 18 mm. in width, being, therefore,

longer and more slender than Strategus ssp. houstonensis.

Moneilema corpulenta Knaus, new species

Large size, black, somewhat shining.

First antennal joint acute externally and internally at apex. Basal

joint of hind tarsi more elongate; anterior femora swollen distally.

Thorax without lateral tubercles. Head smooth, polished; posterior

part with depressed middle line. Antennae after first joint slender,

two-thirds as long as body; fourth and fifth joints annulate with

white pubescence; fifth joint with only basal fifth pubescent. Thorax

smooth, rounded, with a few scattered punctures near scutellum;

ventral line depressed at middle of thorax. Scutellum smooth, im-

punctate. Elytra widest at middle, narrowing at both base and apex;

scattered punctures on front half of elytra, the reflexed flanks also

with scattered punctures becoming smoother toward apex. Elytra

with narrowing corrugated lines, tending to coalesce toward apex.

Legs smooth, shining, as are the abdominal segments.

Length, female, 26 mm., width 14 mm.

One specimen studied received from D. K. Duncan, Globe,

Arizona, collected July 7, 1921. This species would come next

to corrugans Csy. in Leng's Catalogue.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF DASYTES FROM CALIFORNIA

(MELYRID^: COLEOPTERA)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

The following fine new species of Dasytes is related to

lineellus Casey:

Dasytes irregularis new species

Form oblong-subovate, widening slightly posteriorly and a

little more than twice as long as wide. Color dull black; legs

rufous, metafemora sometimes slightly piceous; basal joints of

the antennae more or less pale.

Pubescence closely recumbent, not coarse, rather short, quite dense,

but not entirely hiding the body surface, and flavo-plumbeous in

color. On the pronotal disk there is a very indefinite mottling with

piceous; on the elytra these dark hairs are arranged in very fine

longitudinal lines which are more or less obscure and interrupted.

Erect hairs entirely absent. On the pronotum the hairs are a little

longer and denser. Lateral pronotal fimbriae short, even, and curved

arcuately backward, pale in color; those of the apical and basal mar-

gins more dorsally directed. Lateral elytral fringe short and even.

Under surface clothed with finer and slightly longer hairs, which are

recumbent and moderately dense.

Head relatively moderately large, about two-thirds as wide as the

prothorax, about as long as wide, muzzle moderate in length before

the antennae; surface plane, evenly punctate, punctures moderate in

size, separated by a distance equal to one and a half to two times

their diameter. Eyes rather large, feebly oval and subhemispherically

convex, facets moderately small. Antennae not stout, somewhat

slender, extending to about the basal pronotal angles.

Pronotum about a third wider than long, quite as wide as the

elytral base, widest posteriorly; apex arcuato-truncate; sides rather

strongly rounded, noticeably convergent anteriorly, margin finely

serrulate; base broadly and arcuately lobed between the discal lines,

thence feebly sinuate and oblique, broadly rounding into the sides,

often briefly and slightly notched at position of the basal angles;

apical angles less broadly rounded; disk moderately to rather strongly

convex from side to side between the submarginal lines, lateral to

which the surface is somewhat impressed, especially posteriorly, less

than moderately convex antero-posteriorly; disk in the central area

distinctly and rather deeply punctate, punctures moderate in size,

separated by a distance equal to their diameter. Submarginal line

not deep, nearly entire and very evident from the parting of the

pubescence; lateral discal area asperate and reticulately sculptured.

Elytra quite oblong, a little less than twice as long as wide;

sides rather straight, slightly divergent posteriorly, becoming rather

APRIL, 1925]

BLAISDELL — DASYTES

185

broadly arcuate at apex, the apical margin reentrant at the suture

and serrulate; base feebly emarginate, humeri not strongly rounded,

noticeably tumid, and defined within by a longitudinal impression;

disk very feebly convex on dorsum, becoming arcuately and rather

abruptly declivous at the sides in basal half, apically quite gradually

so; punctures moderately small, not strongly impressed, becoming

finer toward apex, where they are rather more widely separated;

surface slightly undulate in the basal area.

Epipleura very narrow behind the metacoxse and rapidly evanes-

cent; moderately broad at base. Abdomen very finely and evenly

punctate, a sixth segment visible in both sexes. Legs relatively

slender and of moderate length.

Male. Noticeably less broad than female; fifth ventral segment

more broadly truncate. Female. Broader; fifth ventral segment

feebly arcuate at apex.

Length (types), 2.9-3. 1 mm.; width, 1.2-1.4 mm.

Holotype, male. No. 1645, and allotype, female, No. 1646,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, May 20,

1920, at Bryson, California. Paratypes taken at Bradley,

May 17, and at Pleyto, May 21, 1920, all in Monterey

County, California.

Irregularis appears to be a very distinct species. In its color,

pubescence and the sublineate markings of the elytra, it shows

relationship with lineellus Casey; it is more elongate, evidently

slightly more robust, and is distinctly a larger species. It can-

not be confused with any other, and should follow lineellus

Casey in our lists.

LuCERIA TRAN quill a GrOTE

There seems to have been some uncertainty regarding the

relationship existing between the green and brown forms of

this pretty noctuid. A few years ago Mr. B. G. Thompson,

then of SacramentO', California, sent me a number of full-fed

larvae of this species taken from an elderberry bush in his yard.

From these larvae I obtained sixteen adult moths in perfect

condition. Of these, two or three were of a clear green, as

many of a rich brown, the others were intermediate, showing

all gradations between the two extremes. This shows that the

variation of color in this species does not result from fading

or chemical action, nor is it a case of dichromatism, but purely

one of individual variation. — E. P. Van Duzee.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. 1, NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF PGECILONOTA FROM

CALIFORNIA COLEOPTERA FAMILY

BUPRESTIDiE

BY W. J. CHAMBERLIN

Forest Entomologist, Oregon Agricultural College

Poecilonota salixi Chamberlin, n. sp.

Form and appearance remarkably like Dicerca horni\ antenna

bronze; vertex with broad, smooth, elevated line, branching out on

the front into irregular prominent, black, raised areas; clypeus

bronze, smooth at center, coarsely punctate at sides, the incision

shallow, broad, angulated. Dorsal surface uniformly, rather densely

punctate, each puncture filled with a white powdery substance, dull

bronze in color, ventral surface bronze with greenish tinge about the

edges, Pronotum with a broad, elevated, black, shining, smooth area

bisecting it. This area is very faintly impressed along the middle.

Striations of elytra fairly distinct on basal half, but quite indistinct

on apical half. A number of small quadrate elevated areas are quite

noticeable, on the outer half of each elytion these are more or less

arranged in three lines. This feature further emphasizes the resem-

blance of this species to D. horni. Ventral surface of thorax sparsely

clothed with long, fine, white hairs, more dense on prosternum of the

male; female much less hairy. Abdomen densely punctate at sides,

less so towards center, punctures large and filled with a white pow-

dery substance. Last ventral segment with an emargination quite

similar to that of montanus, but not so large and more rounded at

the corners, with emargination much narrower and V-shaped with

bottom of V slightly rounded.

Length, male, 17 mm.; width, 6 mm. Length, female, 19 mm.;

width, 7.3 mm.

Described from six specimens, five of which were bred from

willow taken at Warners, San Diego County, California, June,

1924, by Mr. Worwick Bennedict, to whom I am indebted for

the privilege of describing the species and for the type 6 and

$ now in my collection. One other specimen was sent me for

comparison by Dr. Van Dyke. I have labeled this a paratype,

but with some hesitancy. It is a very large female 22.5 mm.

long and 8.6 mm. wide, taken in Arrayo Seco Canyon, Los

Angeles. It is much darker, apices of elytra only faintly emar-

ginate; striations much more prominent than in the typical

forms.

The species is quite unlike any of our other forms, and, as

APRIL, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN PCECILONOTA

187

Stated above, bears a striking resemblance to Dicerca horni. It

is quite probable that specimens are now in collections under

the latter name. It can be separated at once by the broad

scutellum.

PcECiLONOTA FRASERi Chamberlin

This species, heretofore known only by the type material

from Canada, has turned up in California, Dr. Van Dyke hav-

ing secured specimens at Fallen Leaf Lake and Lake Tahoe

in 1915, and Meadow Valley, Plumas County, California, in

1924.

PCECILONOTA MONTANus Chamberlin

Several females of this species were taken ovipositing in

black cottonwood at Oakridge, Oregon, June 24, 1924, and one

male has just been received from Cascade, Idaho.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

ECONOMIC NOTES

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, California

Prospaeteeea as an Egg Parasite of the Codling

Moth

This last summer the Pest Control Department of the Sati-

coy Walnut Growers’ Association in Ventura County had four

men in the field, devoting all their time to codling-moth ob-

servations. A weekly census of the codling moth on permanent

‘‘check” trees scattered throughout three thousand acres of

walnut orchards is made each year in order to follow the dis-

persal from the center of infestation, to obtain a record of the

yearly fluctuation in abundance, and to check up the efficacy of

control measures.

Mr. Dean Burk was detailed to make a daily observation of

the eggs deposited on six trees at the center of infestation,

recording the incubation period of each egg and the appear-

ance of the embryo each day. At the end of the season his

record shows that, of 1297 eggs found on the nuts, 665 were

followed from the time of deposition to the time of hatching.

This period averaged twelve and one-half days.

In studying the appearance of the embryo with the aid of a

hand lens, he found that he was able to ascertain those that

were parasitized even before the egg shell turned black (an

indication that the parasite was in the pupal stage). In each

egg the parasitic larva was faintly visible, sometimes moving

nematode-fashion. When nearly mature, its brown, opaque ali-

mentary tract is easily seen.

The nuts carrying the infested eggs were brought into the

laboratory for closer observation. As the shell of each egg

turned black, it was removed from the nut and placed in a

petri dish. The newly formed pupa is light yellow and lies

within the egg shell, surrounded by masses of brown excreta.

After two to three weeks in the pupal stage, the adults

emerged (one from each egg). With a fine needle I removed

several of the pupae from the eggs and observed their trans-

formation. On two occasions I assisted the emerging adults

in removing portions of the pupal integument from the an-

tennae and legs.

APRIL, 1925]

ESSIG ECONOMIC NOTES

189

The parasitized eggs were found on the following dates :

May 30, 3 eggs, by Trichogranima.

May 31, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

June 2, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

June 16, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

June 18, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

June 23, 2 eggs, by Prospaltella.

June 24, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

July 5, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

July 7, 9 eggs, by Prospaltella.

July 8, 15 eggs, by Prospaltella.

July 9, 3 eggs, by Prospaltella.

July 14, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

July 19, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

July 25, 1 egg, by Prospaltella.

One egg, recorded as parasitized, recovered and hatched

after a period of twenty-six days.

I have never found an Aleyrodid or Diaspine scale (the

usual hosts for Prospaltella) on the nut itself, but have ob-

served Aspidiotus juglans-regice on leaf petiole and current sea-

son’s growth.

In rearing out these parasites, there was no possibility of

other host relation. — S. E. Flanders, Saticoy, California.

Amphipod in City Water System

On April 5, 1924, the writer received a single specimen of an

amphipod reported to be quite numerous in the water system

of the city of San Francisco. The same was forwarded to the

United States National Museum, and the following interesting

reply received from W. deC. Ravenel under date of August 31,

1924:

“The specimen which you forwarded on April 7 has been

examined by Mr. Clarence R. Shoemaker, Assistant Curator

of Marine Invertebrates, who furnishes the following infor-

mation ;

‘The amphipod taken from the water system of the city of

San Francisco is Corophium spinicorne Stimpson. This amphi-

pod was described from San Francisco Bay by William Stimp-

son in 1857, where it appears to be quite common, inhabiting

the muddy bottoms of shallow water, and also the surfaces of

old piles of wharves. In the mud it lives in small tubular gal-

leries, which are probably made by the annelid worms upon

which it feeds. The eggs are carried in a pouch on the under

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

side of the body until they hatch, and even after hatching the

young remain in this pouch for some time. Although the genus

Corophium is commonly confined to salt water, it has occasion-

ally been reported from fresh, and has been recorded several

times from the fresh waters near Berlin, Germany, and from

Norfolk, England, in water that was almost fresh, but the pres-

ent is the first record of its occurrence in the fresh waters of

America.

The animal has no deleterious effect upon the water, and

would be quite harmless if drunk by accident, but any such

specimens would be removed by filtration or straining through

cheese-cloth.

Other genera of amphipods and isopods frequently occur in

the waters of surface wells, springs, and artesian wells, and

indeed such waters are their natural habitat as certain species

never occur anywhere else. These fresh- water species, how-

ever, never occur in any great numbers, and all, so far as I

have been able to determine, are harmless.

There is no record of the life history of Corophium spini-

corne, but a description of the animal by J. Chester Bradley

may be found in the University of California Publications in

Zoology, Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 230, May 15, 1908.’ E. O. Essig.

The Pine Needle Mite

The work of the pine needle mite, Eriophyes pini Nalepa, is

again becoming conspicuous in Golden Gate Park. The pines

affected are mostly Finns radiata Don., the Monterey Pine. The

trees in question present a rather sickly appearance, their

needles having turned brown and mostly fallen off. The mites

spend their whole life within the tight-fitting basal sheath of

the needle clusters, except when migrating to the young needles

in the spring. While the exact method of dispersal is uncer-

tain, the wide distribution of the pest in the park shows that

it does spread, even if slowly. In view of the apparent lack of

effective natural enemies and the inaccessibility of the mites to

sprays, they may well become a serious pest in time. At present

the only method of control promising to be effective would seem

to be the destruction of the affected trees. Further observations

on the subject are needed and communications are invited. —

Eric Walther, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee^ Editor F. E, Blaisdell^ M. D., Treasurer

The death of Mr. Albert Koebele, which occurred at Wald-

kirch, Germany, December 28, 1924, removes one of the land-

marks of American entomology, and one who was closely con-

nected with the development of economic entomology in the

West. For many years he had his home at Alameda, California,

but he had previously lived for a time at Easton, Washington,

and had spent considerable periods of time, in the search for

predacious and parasitic insects, at Nogales, Arizona, and other

places nearer the coast in California and Oregon. Mr. Koebele

was, perhaps, best known for his work on the introduction of

the coccinellids predacious upon the cottony cushion scale and

other scale insects, and the introduction into the Hawaiian

Islands of an efficient parasite of the sugar-cane leafhopper.

We hope to be able to publish a short sketch of his entomo-

logical activities in the next issue of this journal.

An expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, off the southern

end of Lower California, under the auspices of the California

Academy of Sciences, sailed on April 15 on the U. S. S. mine-

sweeper Ortolan. The plans for the expedition include a stop

at Guadalupe and Cedros Islands, and before returning a visit

to the Tres Marias Islands off San Bias, Mexico. The depart-

ment of entomology is represented by Mr. Hartford Keifer,

now assistant curator in that department of the California

Academy of Sciences. The results of this expedition should

prove of much scientific value.

Two books on our North American insects have recently

reached the California Academy of Sciences that call for spe-

cial notice. Comstock’s Introduction to Entomology (Com-

stock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y.) is more than a mere

introduction to the science of entomology. It is really a hand-

book, and at once takes its place as the most useful general

treatise on our North American insects now obtainable. The

portions devoted to Lepidoptera, and the phytophagous Hemip-

tera are perhaps the most complete, but all the orders are

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

treated as fully as the size of the volume (1044 pages) would

allow. The other work referred to is on the Lepidoptera of

New York and neighboring States, and is by William T. M.

Forbes (Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station,

Memoir 68). This is a volume of 728 pages and covers the

“primitive forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloides and Bomby-

ces,” and in a general way accounts for about one-half of the

order, leaving* the diurnals, Sphingidse, Noctuidae, Geometridse,

and other related families for a future volume. Keys are given

to all families, genera and species, with a short diagnostic

description of each. It is truly a monumental work and one

that will prove absolutely indispensable to every real student

of this most attractive order of insects. This is the first time

such a work has been attempted for any considerable portion

of our Lepidoptera, and it is greatly to be hoped that the

second volume can be gotten out without undue delay. The

present volume will take its place on our shelves alongside such

works as Professor Blatchley’s on the Coleoptera and Orthop-

tera of Indiana, the Hemiptera and Hymenoptera of Connecti-

cut, and Morse’s Orthoptera of New England, works which,

as far as they go, cover the insect faunas of the eastern portion

of our country in a fairly complete way.

The present number completes the first volume of the Pan-

Pacific Entomologist. It has been the aim of the editorial com-

mittee to include material of value to students of the several

phases of insect life, and we feel that, in a degree, this has been

accomplished. It will be our aim to make Volume Two of still

greater value. We wish to extend our sincere thanks to our

contributors and to the subscribers, whose support has made

possible the continuation of the journal, and trust that each one

will send in his renewal promptly, and, if possible, with it the

name of a new subscriber. The journal is not yet self-sustain-

ing, but, with the loyal support of our old subscribers and the

new ones to come, we hope it soon will be. The date of mailing

the numbers has been: No. 1, June 25, 1924; No. 2, October 25,

1924; No. 3, February 14, 1925; No. 4, May 22, 1925.

INDEX TO VOLUME I

193

INDEX TO LATIN NAMES

Ablautus squamipes Cole, 11.

Adelges Vail, 79.

tsugas Ann, 79.

Akotropis Mats., 159.

Allosphserocera Hend., 67.

Amblycratus Uhl., 161.

Andrena, 57.

p. arizonensis V. & C., 57.

s. aurescens Ckll., 64.

blaisdelli Ckll., 59.

Candida Sm., 58.

carissima Ckll., 58.

cerasifolii Ckll., 58.

epileuca Ckll., 62.

m. falli Ckll., 57.

lustrans Ckll., 63.

mesoleuca Ckll., 60.

microdonta Ckll., 61, 179.

mimetica Ckll., 57.

nigroceerulea Ckll., 57.

prunorum Ckll., 57.

semicyanea Ckll., 58,

subtristis Ckll., 57.

supervirens Ckll., 64.

surda Ckll., 60.

yosemitensis Ckll., 61.

Anisostena californica Van D.,

170.

Anorus piceus Lee., 187.

Anthophora anstrutheri Ckll., 53.

aterrima Ckll., 51.

curta Prov., 52.

flexipes Cress., 53.

ignava Cress., 51.

nigritula Ckll., 52.

pacifica Cress., 51.

sodalis Cress., 51.

stanfordiana Ckll., 52.

texana Cress., 50.

urbana Cress., 52.

washingtoni Ckll., 51.

Apantesis approxiniata Stretch,

132.

incarnata Stretch, 134.

intermedia Stretch, 132.

obliterata Stretch, 132.

phalerata Harr., 133.

pulcherrima Stretch, 134.

Aphalara martini Van D., 22, 25.

Aphodius fimetarius Linn., 78.

Apocheridium Chamb., 34.

ferum Simon, 37,

ferumoides Chamb., 35.

mormon Chamb., 36.

Aptilotus Mik, 69.

politus Will., 70.

borealis Mall., 70.

Asilidae, 7.

Asyndetus spinosus Van D., 153.

Aulocorypha Berg., 159.

Baliosis californicus Horn, 174.

Betaeixius Mats., 159.

Bodecia Walk., 159.

Bombomelecta edwardsii Cress.,

180.

Brachycoryna dolorosa Van D.,

171.

hardyi Crotch, 171.

horni Weise, 171.

melsheimeri Horn, 171.

Calerda Sign., 160.

Calosoma subseneum Chaud., 82.

Carabinae, 111.

Carabus nenioralis Mull., 78;

Centrioptera elongata Csy., 87,

texana Blaisd., 88.

Centris a. ferrisi Ckll., 49.

trichosoma Ckll., 49.

Chalepus ater Weise, 174,

Cheiridium Menge, 37.

museorum Leach, 38.

Chroneba Dist., 161.

Cicindela 1. chamberlaini Knaus,

182.

Cionoderus Uhl., 161.

Cisthene plumbea Stretch, 128.

Cixiidae, 97, 156.

Clisodon syringas Ckll, 50.

Clivina californica Van D., 124.

sulcipennis Perty, 125.

Clusivius Dist., 161.

Coelioxys angulifera Ckll., 148.

apacheorum Ckll., 147.

asclepiadis Ckll., 149.

r. claripes Ckll., 146.

coquelletti Crawf., 145.

deani Ckll., 147.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. I, NO. 4

Coelioxys deplanata Cress., 148.

fragarise Ckll., 148.

gilensis Ckll., 147.

hypodonta Ckll., 150.

r. kincaidi Ckll., 148.

mediata Ckll., 146.

megatriclia Ckll., 148.

menthse Ckll., 145.

moesta Cress., 148.

novomexicana Ckll., 145.

querciiia Ckll., 148.

r. rhois Ckll., 146.

ribis Ckll., 148.

rufitarsis Sm., 146.

salinaria Ckll., 148.

texana Cress., 145.

wisconsinensis Ckll., 145.

Coloradia pandora Blake, 143.

Colvanalia Muir, 162.

Coniontis inconspicua Csy., 84.

lamentabilis Blaisd., 85.

n. sleveni Blaisd., 86.

g. ventura Blaisd., 83.

Cophura pulchella Will., 9.

trunca Coq., 9.

Cordylura luteola Mall., 14.

Corophium spinicorne Stimp.,

189.

Crocota belfragei Stretch, 128.

Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn.,

78.

Cyrini, 1.

Cyphoceratops Uhl., 160.

Cyrtopogon callipedilus Loew,

10 .

nitidus Cole, 10.

perspicax Cole, 10.

tacomae Mel., 10.

willistoni Curran, 10.

Dasiapis ochracea Ckll., 53.

Dasytes irregularis Blaisd., 184.

Diadasia bituberculata Cress,, 54.

blaisdelli Ckll., 54.

crassicauda Ckll., 54.

a. mimetica Ckll., 53.

nigrifrons Cress., 53.

Dicolonus sparsipilosum Back, 9.

Dichelonyx oregona Van D., 176.

robusta Fall, 176.

Dioctria doanei Mel., 9.

nitida Will., 9.

s. rivalis Mel., 9.

rubida Coq., 9.

vertebrata Cole, 9.

Dioxys aurifuscus Titus, 180.

pacificus Ckll., 180.

Dolichopodidae, 43, 73, 153.

Dolichovespula diabolica Saus.,

40.

Ecpantheria semiclara Stretch,

168.

suffusca Schs., 169.

Elaphrus caseyi Leng., 113.

lasvigatus Lee., 113.

parviceps Van D., 112.

politus Csy., 113.

Emphoropsis depressa Fwlr., 49,

155.

interspersa Ckll., 50.

murina Ckll., 49,

Epicnaptera alascensis Pack.,

164, 167.

americana Harr., 164.

californica Pack., 164.

carpinifolia Bdv., 164, 165.

dyari Rivers, 164, 167.

ferruginea Pack., 164, 165.

mildei Stretch, 164, 166.

Eriophyes pini Nalepa, 190.

pyri Pagen, 45.

Eubaphe a. brevicornis Walk.,

128.

costata Stretch, 129.

flava B. & B., 131.

obscura Stretch, 129,

opella, forms of, 130.

Eucarpia Walk., 160.

Euchsetias elegans Stretch, 135.

oregonensis Stretch, 136.

Eudelphax Mel., 160,

Eurytrachelus p. typhoniformis

Nagel, 72.

Eutricholistra Blaisd., 17.

punctata Blaisd., 17.

Galerucella xanthomelaena Schr.,

93.

Grotellaforma lactea Stretch,

136.

INDEX TO VOLUME I

195

Halisidota a. sobrina Stretch,

128.

Hamba Dist., 161.

Harrisina australis Stretch, 138.

metallica Stretch, 138.

Herculia phoezalis Dyar, 93.

Hesperochernes Chamb., 89.

laurae Chamb., 90.

Hispinae, 170, 174.

Holopogon atrifrons Cole, 8.

Hybodera debilis Lee., 175.

tuberculata Lee., 175.

Hydrophorus fumipennis Van D.,

155.

Ipsnola Sign., 160.

Kinnaridae, 98, 110, 158.

Kinnara albiplaga Dist., 159.

Kuwayama lavaterae Van D.,

22, 24.

Lasiopogon actius Mel., 7.

aldrichi Mel., 7.

arenicola O. S., 8.

fumipennis Mel., 7.

littoris Cole, 8.

monticola Mel., 8.

Leucopis atrifacies Aldr., 152.

Listrus anacapensis Blaisd., 20.

foxi Blaisd., 19.

minutus Blaisd., 18.

Loricera key to, 114.

californica Lee., 113.

semipunctata Esch., 113.

p. sierrae Van D., 113.

Luceria tranquilla Grt., 185.

Macroeixius Mats., 160.

MeenoplidcC, 97, 158.

Megophthalma americana Mall.,

14.

Melamomphus sordidus Horn,

45.

Melipotis indomita Walk., 94.

Melissodes calloleuca Ckll., 55.

lavata Ckll., 56.

metenua Ckll., 56.

Melyrid^ partial key, 17.

Mesorhaga clavicauda Van D.,

154.

Metopogon setigera Cole, 9.

Metrius key to, 123.

c. planatus Van D., 122.

Microrhopala cyanea Say, 173.

rubrolineata Mann., 173.

r. militaris Van D., 173.

r. vulnerata Horn, 173, 174.

Moneilima corpulenta Knaus,

183.

Monoleuca disconcolorata B. &

B., 126.

fieldi B. & B., 126.

Monorachis Uhl., 160. ,■

Myelaphus lobicornis O. S., 10.

Nebria crassicornis Van D., 121.

lyelli Van D., 120.

meanyi Van D., 118.

piperi Van D., 117.

riversi Van D., 115.

schv/arzi Van D., 116.

spatulata Van D., 119.

Neoarctia yarrowii Stretch, 131.

Neoclytus earns Fall, 169.

modestus Fall, 169.

Nesomyndus Jac., 160.

Noniada peninsularis Ckll., 180.

simplicicoxa Swenk, 180.

Nomia nevadensis Cress., 179.

Nothocharis Muir, 162.

bakeri Muir, 163.

tayabasensis Aluir, 163.

Octotoma marginicollis Horn,

174.

Oliarus Stal, 161.

Olonia Muir, 161.

Onthophilus lecontei Horn, 6.

Paraphrosylus Becker, 73.

direptor Whl., 74.

fumipennis Van D., 76.

nigripennis Van D., 75.

praedator Whl., 74.

tenuipes Van D., 77.

Parasphaerocera Spuler, 67.

Parataracticus Cole, 11.

rubidus Cole, 12.

Perdita minima Ckll., 179.

Phymatodes vulnerata Lee., 176.

Plecoma behrensi Lee., 110.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. I, NO. 4

Poeciloiiota salixi Chamb., 186.

fraseri Chamb., 187.

niontanus Chamb., 187.

Polistes, 142.

Pristoscelis vandykei Blaisd., 15.

Promecognathus Chd., 123.

Prosops Bcktn., 160.

Prosotropis Uhl., 161.

Prospaltella, 188.

Saxinis saucia Lee., 175, 176.

Scaphinotus angulatus Harr., 6.

behrensi Roesch, 6.

s. bullatus Van D., 3.

catalinae Van D., 2.

s. grandis Van D., 4.

johnsoni Van D., 3.

longiceps Van D., 5.

a. maritimus Van D., 5.

e. neomexicanus Van D., 1.

Schizogenius pygmeeus Van D.,

125.

Scutigerella immaculata Newf.,

45.

Sphoeridium scarabaeoides Linn.,

78.

Sphasrocera Latr., 66.

annulicornis Mall., 68.

bimaculata Will., 68.

pallipes Mall., 68.

pusilla Fall., 69.

scabra Spuler, 68.

subsultans Fabr., 68.

Spinoliella euphoribae Ckll., 179.

Stenopodius flavidus Horn, 174.

Strategus a. houstonensis Knaus,

182.

Tachytrechus spinitarsis Van D.,

43, 96.

Taloka Dist., 161.

Telea polyphemus Cram., 142.

Teralonia atriventris Sm., 55.

lata Prov., 55.

robertsoni Ckll., 55.

Tetrichus, 43, 96.

Theridion berkeleyi Emert., 30.

californicum Bnks., 30.

placens Keys., 29.

punctipes Emert., 29.

Stanford! Emert., 29.

Tiriteana Myers, 161.

Trach 3 '^pachus key, 112.

sleveni Van D., 111.

Triclis tagax Will., 10.

Tropisternus salsamentus Fall,

169.

Tj^Dlilusechus singularis Linl.,

65.

Valgus californicus Horn, 65.

Vanessa cardui Linn., 45.

Xenoglossa angelica Ckll., 53.

p. angustior Ckll., 53.

GENERAL INDEX

Aldrich, J. M., personals, 48.

Aldrich, J. M., paper by, 152.

Amphipod in City Water, 189.

Andrena, paper on, 57.

Annand, P. N., paper by, 79.

Anthophorid bees, paper on, 49.

Asilidse, paper on, 7.

Barnes and Benjamin, papers by,

126, 127, 164.

Bees from Riverside, California,

179.

Blaisdell, F. E. Sr., notes by, 6,

65, 82, 169.

Blaisdell, papers by, 15, 83, 87,

184.

Brisley, note by, 94.

California Academy of Sciences,

Entomology in, 144.

Carabinse, studies in. 111.

Chamberlin, J. C., papers by, 32,

89.

Chamberlin, J. C., personal, 96.

Chamberlin, W. J., paper by, 186.

Cheiridiinae of North America, 32.

Chermidas, papers on, 22, 24.

Cixiidse, Genera of, 97, 156.

Cockerell, T. D. A., papers by,

49, 57, 139, 145, 179, 180.

Cockerell, T. D. A., personal, 48.

Codling moth, parasites, 188.

INDEX TO VOLUME I

197

Coelioxj^s in California Academy

of Sciences, 145,

Cole, F. R., paper by, 7.

Comstock’s Introduction to En-

tomology, 191.

Cordylurid flies, paper on, 14.

Cychrini, new species of, 1.

Cypress Moth, 93.

Davis, A. C., note by, 169.

Dolichopodida, papers on, 43, 73,

153.

Duncan, C. D., papers by, 40, 42.

Duran, Victor, note by, 142,

Elm-leaf beetle, 93.

Emerton, J. H., paper by, 29.

Essig, notes by, 45, 93, 94, 189.

Fall, H. C., personals, 144.

Ferris, G. F., paper by, 24.

Flanders, S. E., note by, 188.

Flea larvae in sugar, 94.

Forbes’ Lepidoptera of New

York, 192.

Fox, C. L., personals, 48.

Giffard, W. M., personals, 48.

Gulf of California, entomology

of, 139.

Helix, predacious, 142.

Henderson, W. W., personals, 48.

Hermes, W. B., personals, 48,

144.

Hispinae, papers on, 170, 174.

Holbrook collection, 96.

International Congress of Ento-

mology, 144.

Jones, W. W., and Brisley, H.,

paper by, 174.

Keifer, H. H., note by, 143.

Knaus, W., paper by, 182.

Koebele, Albert, Necrology, 191.

Lovette, A. L., Necrology, 48.

Malloch, J. R., paper by, 14.

Melyridae, paper on, 15, 182.

Muir, F., paper by, 97, 156.

Muir, F., personal, 47.

Nagel, Paul, paper by, 72.

Pacific Coast Entomological So-

ciety 95.

Pear blister mite, 45.

Pine needle mite, 190.

Polistes, mating of, 142.

Prospaltella from Codling Moth,

188.

Pseudo-scorpions, 32,

Revillagigedo Islands expedition,

191.

Rust, E. W., note by, 142.

Spiders, new Californian, 29.

Spiricles, sound-producing, 42.

Spruyt, F. J., paper by, 176.

Spuler, Anthony, paper by, 66.

Stretch Collection, types, 127,

164.

Timberlake, P. H., bees collected

by, 179.

Timberlake, P. H., personals, 92.

Van Dyke collection of Coleop-

tera, 13, 96.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 78,

142, 175.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 1,

111, 170.

Van Dyke, E. C., personals, 48.

Van Duzee, E. P., editorial, 46,

95, 144, 191.

Van Duzee, E. P., note by, 185.

Van Duzee, E. P., paper by, 22.

Van Duzee, E. P., personals, 92.

Van Duzee, M. C., papers by,

43, 73, 153.

Walther, Eric, note by, 190.

Wheat seed, protection of, 93.

Yosemite Valley, Coleoptera

from, 175.