Vol. II July, 1925 No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HAMLIN, IMPORTANT OPUNTIA INSECTS OF THE UNITED STATES .... 1

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NEW AND RARE LEPIDOPTERA FROM TFIE SOUTHWEST 12

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NOTES ON ARIZONA PHALAENID^ 16

OSBORN, A NEW ACINOPTERUS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 22

CHAMBERLIN, THE CONIFEROUS TREES OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE

SCOLYTID BEETLES SAID TO ATTACK THEM 23

VAN DUZEE, A NEW MIRID FROM ARIZONA 35

ROCKWOOD, ON NIGHT FLYING AND ATTRACTION TO LIGHT IN ACRIDIID^ . . 36

HUBBELL, A NEW SPECIES OF PRISTOCEUTHOPHILUS 39

SHANNON, NORTH AMERICAN SPHECOMYIA 4?

ECONOMIC NOTES 45

EDITORIAL COMMENT 47

San Francisco, California

1925

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. II, No. 1.

July, 1925

IMPORTANT OPUNTIA INSECTS OF THE UNITED

STATES: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE

MOTH-BORERS (PYRALID^).

BY JOHN C. HAMLIN

Fresno, California

In 1920 the project for the biological control of introduced

Opuntias was formally undertaken by the Commonwealth

Prickly-pear Board. This project contemplated the intro-

duction to Australia of the natural enemies of prickly-pear

occurring in the Americas. During the writer’s connection

with this work the collecting and rearing of large numbers

of the more important cactus insects afforded an oppor-

tunity for a general study of their biologies. The necessity

of shipping the material intermittently, as well as attention

to the bulk rearings, prevented undertaking more detailed

biological work.

Because of the economic potentialities of these insects

it is thought desirable to record the data secured. The

results herein contained represent, for the most part, aver-

age conditions observed in breeding stocks and in the field

over several 3 ^ears. The present paper deals only with the

more destructive representatives of that group of Opuntia

insects attacking the joints internally.

Melitaea prodenialis Walker

DESCRIPTIVE

Adult. The adult is a large-bodied, sluggish, gray moth

with a wing expanse of slightly more than one inch. The

fore wings are marked with irregular transverse vittae.

Eggs. The eggs are laid one upon another with great

precision. The egg-sticks are normally attached to the

extreme tips of spines or spinules on the upper part of the

plant, being difficult in the field to distinguish from spines.

Sticks contain from 20 to 60 eggs, averaging 35. The sticks

are usually slightly curved but are often partly coiled. The

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

individual eggs are so placed that they resemble tiny,

thickened discs. They are elliptical, one diameter being

1.0 mm. and the other, 0.9 mm. In length the egg measures

0.5 mm.

Larva. Until about one-fourth grown the larva has a

light brown color. Thereafter it assumes a rich, dark blue

hue. When full-grown it measures from 30 to 40 mm. in

length.

Pupa. The dark brown pupa is enclosed in a very tough

silken cocoon, often pure white. The cocoon is somewhat

less than one inch in length.

LIFE HISTORY

In summer the eggs hatch in from nine to fifteen days. The

small larvae construct a light web about an areole, or where

two joints make contact, and beneath this they feed gregari-

ously. The web quickly becomes strengthened by the

addition of excrement and the dried juices of the plant.

When about one-fourth grown they enter the joint and

continue to feed together, emitting pellets through one or

more openings in the sides of the joint. The change of color

described above transpires shortly after the larvae enter the

interior of the plant. Normally, they remain within the

joints until full-grown. In summer the larval stage extends

over from six to eight weeks.

Full-grown larvae emerge from the joints and spin their

cocoons near the affected plant. The cocoons are usually

placed in clumps of three or four, as many as fifteen having

been taken in one mass. Sometimes they are found beneath

fallen, dried joints and near-by rubbish or placed at the

base of an adjacent grass clump. In these instances the

cocoons are a beautiful, lustrous white. The majority, how-

ever, seem to construct their cocoons in the sand just at the

base of the plant, and, in these cases, the cocoons have a

considerable admixture of sand and other foreign matter.

The duration of the pupal condition in summer is approxi-

mately one month.

SEASONAL CYCLE

There are three generations annually in the region about

Miami, Florida. Adults from the overwintering larvae

JULY, 1925 ] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

appear during late February and early March. The mid-

summer adults issue in June. The fall brood of moths

emerges in October. There are not, however, such definite

generations as would be indicated by the above periods.

The dates mentioned show the periods of maximum

emergence. It is possible to find in the field at almost any

season of the year cocoons and all sizes of larvae.

HABITS

The adults hang motionless from spines during the day.

Mating and oviposition occur at night. This insect is much

more exacting than Olyca junctolineella as regards conditions

requisite for oviposition in cages. Moisture seems to be a

most decisive factor. During periods of low relative

humidity in the natural range and under normally dry

conditions elsewhere, it has been found necessary to sprinkle

the cloth of the cages nightly in order to secure more than

a few scattered, subnormal egg-sticks.

The gregarious habit of M. prodenialis larvae is the

particular feature of this species which makes it so much

more destructive to Opuntia than its western relative,

0. junctolineella. The average number of larvae found to-

gether is about twelve, but as many as twenty-six half-

groAvn larvae have been taken in a single small joint.

FOOD PLANTS

Melitara prodenialis has been found infesting all of the

more common prickly-pears of Florida ; namely, Opuntia

austrina, 0. drummondii, 0. lata, and 0. keyensis. These

Opuntias are comparatively tender and succulent. Rearing

experiments showed that this insect will not survive on

the tougher western Opuntias such as O. Imdheimeri and

O. engelmanni. In Queensland, laboratory results showed

that the larvae did not prosper on the “common pest pear,”

O. inermis, its texture being somewhat similar to that of the

Texas species mentioned. The species of second importance

in Queensland, the “Gayndah pear” or “spiny pest pear”

(O. stricta), being similar texturally to the Florida species,

promises to be quite a suitable host for this insect.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

INJURY TO PLANT

The entire damage due to M. prodenialis is accomplished

by the larvae. They enter the upper joints and, always

feeding gregariously, continue downward from joint to

joint, finally invading even the subterranean portions of the

plant. Infested plants are rapidly hollowed out, and the

remaining tissue, together with a certain amount of larval

excrement, is quickly oviposited in by certain scavenging

diptera (Volucella esuriens Fabr., V. fasciata Macq., and

Neorondania sp.). The larvae of these scavengers are often

responsible for considerable extension and aggravation of

injury to large plants not completely killed by the primary

insect. The effectiveness in Florida of this combination of

insects in destroying prickly-pear is abundantly indicated

in the field by disheveled lots of dried, whitened, paper-like

epidermis on the ground, marking the complete destruction

of cactus clumps.

DISTRIBUTION

Melitara prodenialis has been recorded ^ from New Jersey,

Mississippi, and Florida. In the latter State the writer has

taken it at Miami, Cocoanut Grove, Larkin, West Palm Beach,

Palatka, and Gainesville, and on Biscayne Key.

Thus, while the larval habits render this species the most

destructive Opuntia insect in the United States, its climatic

limitations and the different texture of the western prickly-

pears preclude its prospering in our main cactus area.

NATURAL ENEMIES

Undoubtedly the greatest natural handicap to M.

prodenialis in its habitat obtains through the attack of ants

upon full-grown larvae after emerging from the plant for

pupation in or near the ground.

Brachymeria (Chalcis) pedalis (Cresson) is the only para-

site observed. The parasitized host larva spins its cocoon

normally and completes its transformation. A single adult

parasite then emerges from the pupa. This parasite is not

at all abundant in Florida and constitutes little or no check

upon the moth-borer.

1 The Principal Cactus Insects of the United States, by Hunter,

W. D., Pratt, P. C. & Mitchell, J. D., U. S. D. A., Bur. Ent. Bull.

113 , 1912 .

JULY, 1925]

HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

Melitara sp.

Another type of moth-borer was taken in the same

pasture at Uvalde, Texas, on three occasions during the

summers of 1921 and 1922. Doctor H. G. Dyar, having the

opportunity of viewing only a very small number of adults,

and in the absence of data upon the immature stages, tenta-

tively indicated its identity as Melitara prodenialis Walk.^

Observations on the appearance and habits of the immature

stages suggest that this form is perhaps distinct from that

species.

The three-fourths grown larvae are indistinctly banded,

the blue being very pale, and a faint buff suffusion is notice-

able over the entire larva. In each instance of collection,

from twenty-one to twenty-four larvae were found living

gregariously within the heavy basal joints, excreting

through several perforations. The dry pellets were some-

what webbed and hung from the holes in strings from one

to three inches long.

Pupation takes place within the chamber excavated by

the larvae. The cocoon is very similar to that of M. pro-

denialis, being slightly larger. Pupation occurred during

September. ^

The adults emerged late in October and lived about one

month. The first eggs were laid on November 2. They

are deposited in the same fashion as are those of

M. prodenialis and O. junctolineella, but the sticks average

many more eggs. All egg-sticks contained from sixty to

sixty-five eggs each. The incubation period was approxi-

mately four weeks.

A chalcid parasite which emerged from the cocoons was

determined by Mr. S. A. Rohwer as Pareniaca schwarzi

Cwfd.

Unfortunately no further data were secured to establish

the identity of this moth-borer. One portion of the larvae

which was shipped to the writer in Australia perished, and

the remainder was also lost at Uvalde, Texas, when Mr. E.

2 1 have been informed that additional material of this form has

been submitted to Doctor Dyar and he is describing- it as a new species.

3 The further notes on this moth-borer were made by Mr. E.

Mortensen.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Mortensen changed headquarters to Miami, Florida, for the

winter.

Olyca (Melitara) junctolineella (Hulst)

DESCRIPTIVE

Adult. The adult is a grayish moth with a wing expanse

of one and one-half inches, being larger and more robust

than Melitara prodenialis.

Eggs. The eggs are somewhat larger than those of

M. prodenialis but are arranged in precisely the same manner.

The egg-sticks average about twenty-five eggs each. Some

sticks have been seen which contained as many as fifty eggs.

Larva. The newly hatched larva is about 7 mm. long and

of a dark color with a suggestion of a deep blue hue. When

from one-half to two-thirds grown they become banded,

blue and white. The full-grown larva measures from 40 to

50 mm. in length and has a diameter about equal to that of

the ordinary lead-pencil.

Pupa. The cocoon and pupa closely resemble those of

M. prodenialis , but are considerably larger.

LIFE HISTORY

The preoviposition period is very brief. Instances were

commonly observed where the moths emerged, mated and

oviposited within twenty-four hours.

The eggs of the spring brood hatch in from five to twelve

days. The small larvae immediately burrow into the joint,

several often entering the same hole. The joint so affected

rapidly blackens and falls to the ground in a few days. The

larvae then crawl again upon the plant and enter new joints,

thus becoming well distributed over the cactus clump.

While the very small larvae live for a brief period in the

same joint, they have separate tunnels and are in no sense

gregarious. After the early stages the larvae are quite

solitary, it being rare to find more than one to a joint.

Occasionally two have been found infesting the same joint.

After adopting the solitary habit the larva remains con-

stantly inside the joint throughout its development. During

summer some ten to twelve weeks are passed in the larval

condition. When full-grown the larva cuts an exit hole and

JULY, 1925] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

crawls to the ground. The cocoon is spun beneath fallen

cactus joints or other debris near the base of the plant, or

may be placed just below the surface of the soil. The

appearance of the cocoon is affected by its location, those

spun on the joints being a beautiful white, while those in

the ground are mixed with soil. Transformation takes

place shortly after completion of the cocoon, and the pupal

stage extends over about four weeks. The length of all

stages of the fall generation is somewhat longer.

SEASONAL CYCLE

Throughout Southern Texas, 0. junctolineella has two

generations yearly. Thus, during three-fourths of the year

the species exists in the larval stage, both the winter and

the dry, hot summer being passed in that condition. The

periods of emergence and oviposition coincide with the

normally rainy months of the spring and fall. At Uvalde,

Texas, the spring brood of moths issues during May and

early June, the maximum emergence obtaining during late

May or early June. These moths produce the summer

larv^ which pupate from late August through September.

The peak of emergence of the fall moths occurs about the

first of October, and these give rise to the overwintering

larvae. The winter larvae require about five and one-half

months to become full-grown. Pupation extends over the

latter half of March and through April.

The upsetting of the seasonal cycle by transportation

into the opposite seasons of Queensland and the promise

of becoming a three-generation species there has been

recently recorded. ^

HABITS

The adults are inactive by day. The usual position is to

hang from a spine by the second and third pairs of legs,

with the front legs folded close against the head, resembling

the palps. Mating and oviposition occur during the night

although some few pairs have been noted to remain in

copulation during the following forenoon. Many attempts

to observe the manner of oviposition were futile.

4 Seasonal Adaptation of a Northern Hemisphere Insect to the

Southern Hemisphere, by John C. Hamlin, Jl. E'c. Ent., V. 16, No. 5,

pp. 420-424, 1923.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

The larvae are quite solitary. Usually only a small num-

ber are found in a cactus clump, despite the large number

and arrangement of the eggs. Cannibalism, if it occurs at

all, is not of sufficient prevalence to account for this condi-

tion. In the rearing of huge numbers of individuals, it was

necessary to place together large numbers of the larvae

from the moment of hatching until pupation occurred, thus

offering an opportunity for the display of cannibalistic

tendencies rarely, if ever, obtaining in nature. Despite such

conditions there were no indications of cannibalism. The

explanation of the condition cited probably lies in the

activities of ants as shown elsewhere in this paper.

The rapidity with which a half-grown larva can enter a

fresh, solid joint is one of the most remarkable feats of the

species. The silicious cuticle is quickly punctured and the

larva disappears in an incredibly short time, considering

the density of the medium. This is accomplished by the

larva passing the pulp immediately through its body.

FOOD PLANTS

During the entire period of the writer’s observations the

species has been found feeding only in prickly-pear. The

favored species are Opuntia Undheimeri and O. engelmanni.

In Queensland the species has prospered, under laboratory

conditions, on both 0 . inermis and 0. stricta.

Prickly-pear plants set up a strong reaction to wounds of

any kind. Numbers of instances have been observed in

rearing cages where the exuding juices have drowned the

larvae which punctured the epidermis. This condition is

much more frequent in cages where, because of crowding,

the larvae are forced to enter new joints many more times

during their existence than in the field. Nevertheless, many

larvae perish in this manner under natural conditions. The

prickly-pears of the ficus-indiccc group show a greater degree

of this type of resistance to larvae of 0 . junctolineella than

do the other Opuntias.

CHARACTER OF INJURY

Newly hatched larvae are responsible for the outright

killing of many joints. The summer brood of larvae, appear-

ing simultaneously with the spring growth of the plant, is

JULY, 1925]

HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

responsible for the destruction of large numbers of the

young fruits.

The most reliable indication of injury is the characteristic

swelling of the joints in which larvae are developing. The

larva hollows out a chamber and packs excrement in the

lower part of the cavity. The tissue within is completely

destroyed and the proliferation of such parts increases the

thickness from two to four-fold. When full-grown the

larva cuts an exit hole through one side of the swelling

and leaves the joint to pupate near the base of the plant.

The larval exit hole permits the several scavenging flies

(V olucella esuriens Fabricius, V. avida Osten Sacken,

V. fas data Macquart, V. pusilla Macquart, Copestyhim mar-

ginatum Say, Hermetia illucens Linn., H. chrysopila Loew, and

H. hunteri Coquillett) to oviposit within the swollen portion.

The maggots find ideal conditions in the excrement of the

former inhabitant and the moisture from the injured plant

tissues. These maggots are, during their development, able

to extend the damage so that further healthy areas of the

joint are invaded. In those instances in which exit holes

were placed high enough to prevent the draining away

of the resulting liquefaction, this secondary injury may be

extended into the next joint below. The net result is the

death of joints so affected.

Occasionally a swollen joint is found which contains no

larva and which is without an exit hole. In view of the

plant resistance already noted, it is believed that such

missing larvse were overcome by the plant reaction after

the cavity had been started. In such joints the swelling

diminishes greatly but the sides do not reunite.

DISTRIBUTION

Olyca junctolineclla occurs throughout the cactus area in

Texas. During the writer’s observations it has been found

most abundant in the Uvalde, Texas, region. It has also

been taken at many points in Mexico as far south as

Cuernavaca, State of Morelos. The writer observed one

larva in an Opuntia growing on the floor of the Grand

Canyon in Arizona which appeared to be of this species.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

NATURAL ENEMIES. PARASITES

A number of parasitic insects appeared in rearing cages

containing field-collected material, but only a portion of

them may definitely be listed as parasites of this moth-

borer.

Apanteles miinoristcB Muesebeck is perhaps the most im-

portant. The parasitized host larva attains full size and

spins its cocoon normally, except perhaps for being of

lighter construction. The host larva is destroyed just

before pupation, and shortly the Olyca cocoon is found to

contain large numbers of the Apanteles cocoons. The

number of adult parasites emerging from one host cocoon

was found to vary between twenty-five and ninety.

On one occasion observations were made upon the

happenings in small fruit jars to which had been added

Olyca larvae, Apanteles adults and a cactus joint. The

parasites would not ovipost in the newly hatched larvae.

Their constant reaction on touching these small larvae dur-

ing their rapid crawling about the jar was merely indicative

of increased excitement and hurried avoidance. When

placed with Olyca larvae about one week old, the parasites

oviposted deeply within the larvae immediately upon finding

them. The ovipositor was often allowed to remain inserted

several seconds while the larva twisted and squirmed. The

larvae were so pierced a great number of times during the

observation. These larvae when subsequently placed upon

Opuntia, entered it and fed normally for some two weeks

when the lot was abandoned preparatory to a change of head-

quarters.

These observations indicate that, in the field, this parasite

oviposits in the larvae at the time they leave the originally

infested, fallen joints and crawl again upon the plant to enter

new joints.

Pareniaca schwarsi Cwfd. and Chalcis pedalis Cress, have

been found as common, though not abundant, parasites of

0. junctolineella.

Second in importance to the Apanteles above mentioned

are Frontina aletice Riley and Phaonia n. sp. These dipterous

parasites affect the host larva similarly to Apanteles

JULY, 1925] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

mimoristcE, the puparia appearing within the host cocoon

shortly after the latter is spun. The numbers are not

nearly so large, however, usually from four to eight being

present.

PREDATORS

This species is subject to attack by ants, not only as

mature larvae seeking the ground for pupation, but also as

small larvae emerging from originally entered joints which

fell to the ground under the combined attack of the newly

hatched larvae from one or several egg-sticks. It has been

noted above that the falling of joints infested with small

larvae brings about the distribution of the larvae over the

cactus clump. It is believed that the depredations of ants

at this time are responsible for the scarcity of larvae in the

average clump.

ZOOLOGICAL RECORD— PART INSECTA

The ‘Tnsecta” part of the “Zoological Record” (as dis-

tinguished from the complete volume) will in future be pub-

lished by, and only obtainable from, the Imperial Bureau of

Entomology. The price for the part will be 15/-, as heretofore.

It is, however, proposed as an experiment to break up a limited

number of copies into the five sections, which will be sold as

follows :

Section A. List of Titles and Subject Index 4/-

Section B. Coleoptera 6/-

Section C. Lepidoptera 6/-

Section D. Hymenoptera and Diptera 4/-

Section E. Hemiptera, Orthoptera and remaining

Orders 4/-

The above division has been instituted for the benefit of those

entomologists who are interested in a portion only of the sys-

tematic part of the work. It is in the nature of an experiment

only and cannot be continued unless it is widely supported.

All orders for the “Insecta” part, or any sections of it, should

be addressed to the Assistant Director, Imperial Bureau of

Entomology, 41, Queen’s Gate, London, S. W. 7. Orders for

the complete volume of the “Zoological Record” should con-

tinue to be sent to the Zoological Society of London, Regent’s

Park, London, N. W. 8.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

NEW AND RARE LEPIDOPTERA FROM

THE SOUTHWEST

BY WM. BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Timochares ruptifasciatus Ploetz

1884, Ploetz, Jahr. Nass. Ver. Nat, XXXVII, 27, Antigonus.

1896, Godnian & Salvin, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep., Rhop., II, 418,

pi. LXXXVIII, ff. 1-2, Timochares.

1901, Skinner, Ent. News, XII, 171, Timochares.

1905, Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent Soc., XIII, 119, Timochares.

1921, Lindsey, Hesp. Am., p. 56, Timochares.

1923, Skinner & Williams, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLVIII, 305, fig.

29 6 genit., Timochares.

Apparently U. S. records of this species are rare. Lindsey

records a specimen from Brownsville, Texas, Barnes collec-

tion, but Skinner and Williams have apparently overlooked

this and record only the Runyon catch from Southern

Arizona or California.

Mr. O. C. Poling recently sent a specimen from the

Baboquivari Mts., Pima County, Arizona, 20 September,

1924. This we submitted to Mr. Shaus for comparison with

his Mexican specimens as the markings are somewhat

darker than those of the Texas specimen before us.

Polia stricta race kappa Barnes & Benjamin, nov.

Head and thorax ferruginous, more or less darkened by black

scales. Abdomen luteous, tinged with rufous. Fore wing variable in

color, the ground color some shade of luteous, suffused with bright

ferruginous red and more or less darkened by black scales, in general

the ferruginous cast dominant; basal maculation indistinct but basal

dash usually present on the freshest specimens. Ordinary lines,

spots, and maculation, as in typical stricta. Hind wing of 6 white,

the veins and outer margin more or less soiled by fuscous. An

obsolescent discal spot. Fringe white at tip, with an obsolescent

interline and yellowish-white base. Hind wing of $ similar but with

more fuscous on it.

Expanse : 6 , 23-28 mm., 2 , 24-28 mm.

Similar to typical stricta but differing from all described

forms by the much paler hind wings which are nearly as

white as those of spiculosa.

JULY, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN LEPIDOPTERA

At first we considered the present subspecies to be tenisca

and may have determined it as such for other collections.

“ M amestra” tenisca was described by Smith from a series

of specimens from Bozeman, Montana, and Stockton, Utah,

the type 6 being a Bozeman specimen in the Smith collec-

tion. The recent acquisition of a series of specimens from

both of the type localities of tenisca show that Nevada

material is not quite typical as it varies from forms nearly

as pale as kappa to forms as dark, as tenisca. The specimen

from Reno, Nevada, figured by Barnes & McDunnough

(1913, Contrib. N. H. Lep. N. A., II, (1), 22, pi. X, f. 10)

seems nearly typical of 9 tenisca. While all forms of stricta

seem more or less variable in each locality, and Nevada

material is intermediate, producing some specimens which

can be placed under any of the present subspecific names,

nevertheless our series of the white hind winged form is so

distinct from the variations found in the type localities of

the described subspecies, and in itself is so constant with

its pale secondaries, that we have no hesitation in describing

it.

Type locality: Inyo County, California, mostly from

Round Valley.

Nimiber and sexes of types: Holotype 6 , 15-30 Aug.,

Allotype 9 , 220 Paratypes, both sexes, various dates Aug.,

Sept., Oct.; O. C. Poling collector. Types in Barnes collec-

tion.

Graptolitha tarda Barnes & Benjamin, sp. nov.

Head, collar and thorax dull ash gray mixed with black. Thoracic

crest large, marked by a slim black stripe. Abdomen basally gray,

caudally more ochreous. Fore wing dull ash-gray, the costal region

somewhat paler than the remainder of the wing. Ordinary lines and

spots obsolescent, nearly obsolete; no basal line or dash; t. a. line

marked by a few black scales; median line similar; their course

indeterminate. Orbicular absent; reniform mainly visible as a slight

rufous cast at end of cell. T. p. line so poorly marked its exact

course cannot be seen, but apparently with a tendency to be produced

to points on the veins and to be bent inward in submedian fold where

it shows as a V pointed inward, and is connected to a pointed clavi-

form by a small black bar. S. t. line indicated by a few scattered

black scales. Veins of terminal area slightly darkened. Fringe a

little browner than the wing color and obscurely interlined. Hind

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

wing pale red-brown with a decided pinkish cast; usual discal dot and

terminal line present but not conspicuous. Fringe pale, whitish

tinged with pink. Beneath: dull; fore wing gray tinged with pink;

hind wing whitish tinged with grey and pink. Discal dot present on

each wing.

Expanse: 36 mm.

Allied to fagina and itata. Smaller, duller, and darker than

the former, with the markings not so distinct, but although

at once separable, closely allied by the paler costal area,

lack of a basal dash, and the proximity of the claviform to

the t. p. line, leaving room for only a very short black dash

in the submedian fold. Closely allied to itata, with which

it agrees in wing-shape, size, and general color. In true

itata, as represented by the types, there is a tendency for

the transverse maculation to be obscured, but the black

dashes in the reniform, and the median and subterminal

parts of the submedian fold are distinct, as is the subapical

shade. While the present species has the distinct bar in the

submedian fold connecting the claviform to the t. p. line,

the remainder of the longitudinal maculation has been so

reduced that it is invisible except for the faint indication

of a few black scales, while the orbicular is entirely absent

and the reniform mainly indicated by a reddish suffusion.

The legs of the present species lack the strong longitudinal

black lines present, one on each leg, of allied species.

Type locality: Douglas, Arizona.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6 , 16-23 June,

unique, in Barnes collection.

Xanthothrix ranunculi form albipuncta Barnes & Benjamin,

nov.

Head, thorax and fore wing black dusted with olivaceous,

the latter with a round white spot near end of cell. Sec-

ondaries blackish. Other characters as in ranunculi which is

a very variable species.

Expanse: 6,11 mm.; $ , 10 mm.

No mention is made in the original description of

ranunculi of any white spotted form, nor do the types in the

Henry Edwards collection show any traces of spots on the

primaries.

JULY, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN LEPIDOPTERA

Type locality: Kaweah, California.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6 , Allotype $ ,

both 10 April, 1902, in Barnes collection.

Laniifera CYCLADES Druce

1895, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep., Het., II, 220, pi. LXI, ff.

12-13, Facliynoa.

1899, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 184, Layiiifera.

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LI I, 380, No. 4328, Laniifera.

We received a single specimen from O. C. Poling, Babo-

quivari Mts., Pima County, Arizona, 1-15 August 1923,

which agreed well with Druce’s figures and with a specimen

from Mexico, ex Kearfott collection. A second specimen

has been received from Dr. Vorhies of the Arizona Experi-

ment Station bred from prickly-pear and labeled Santa Rita

Mts., Arizona, VI-23-24.

This species, described from Mexico, was recorded in

Dyar’s list from Arizona, presumably by Prof. Fernald.

In view of the recent research in insect enemies of the

prickly-pear, this note may be of some importance. The

insect is a member of the Pyralid subfamily Pyraustinge, is

of large size and decided possibility in the control of the

cactus.

The Van Duzee Collection of Hemiptera

At the regular August meeting of the California Academy of

Sciences, Mr. E. P. Van Duzee presented to the Academy his

entire collection of Hemiptera under practically the same con-

ditions under which the Van Dyke Collection of Coleoptera

was accepted by the Academy last year, as announced in this

journal (Vol I, page 13). Under these conditions he retains

general supervision over the collection during his lifetime with

the privilege of temporarily withdrawing for study any of the

specimens he may need for use at home. He also stipulated

that each specimen in this collection is to have attached a

label to read “E. P, Van Duzee Collection,” and that all these

specimens are to be incorporated into the systematic collections

of the Academy and that they are not to be used for exchange

or for exhibition purposes. These conditions secure to him the

use of the material during his lifetime and safeguard it against

being dissipated or lost through carelessness or mismanagement

in the future.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

NOTES ON ARIZONA PHALAENIDZE (Lepid.)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Polia luteimacula* Barnes & Benjamin, n. sp.

Male antennae serrate and fasciculate. Head and thorax black,

gray, and white mixed, more or less tinged with purple and rufous.

Fore wing: ground color gray heavily irrorated and overlaid by

black, with some rufous suffusion, and a purplish tinge; basal line

obsolescent, waved; t. a. line double, its course slightly outwardly

oblique, as outcurved crescents, from costa to median vein, thence

to vein 1, and to inner margin; orbicular and reniform not large,

faintly outlined by black, pale filled, the filling obscured by dusky

central marks and heavy powderings, more or less red tinged, which

shade extends beyond the cell to the t. p. line; claviform moderate to

small, variable, distinctly outlined by black, filled with a rufous shade

which continues to the t. p. line; t. p. line double, black, its outer

line indistinct, angled outward below costa, thence oblique to about

vein 5, thence incurved, produced to a strong outward point on vein 1,

otherwise produced to moderate points on the veins; s. t. a yellowish

wavy line defined on both sides by black and terminating in a moder-

ately large, black defined, spot at tornus; a thin black terminal line;

fringe fuscous-gray, with darker interline and tips, paler basally.

Hind wing: nearly uniformly fuscous, the veins slightly darker;

fringe luteous at base, with fuscous interline and pale tips. Beneath:

with a dark common line; in general fuscous, the hind wing some-

what paler basally; discal spot obsolete on fore wing, obsolescent on

hind wing; fringes as on upper side.

Expanse: 6, 27-32 mm.; 9, 30-31 mm.

Closely allied to rubrifusa Hamp., but the uniformly dark

secondaries easily distinguish it. P. gnata Grt. belongs to

the same group but its type, in the Neumoegen collection,

possesses white hind wings P. agnata Sm. is also allied

* Indicates specimens were submitted to Dr. William Scliaus in order

to ascertain that the species had not been described from south of the

U. S. border.

2 A further discussion of gnata and several other types in the Neu-

moegen collection has been incorporated in a separate paper.

3 We wish to call attention to the fact that male agnata Sm. has serrate

antennae, and if Hampson’s characters are employed, belongs to this group.

Also that segregata Sm. and gussata Sm. are incorrectly placed on our

lists, having serrate male antennae and being closely allied to pUcata Sm. and

negussa Sm. In fact, we suspect that negussa is simply smooth gussata,

and the same may be true between segregata and pUcata. Careful study, based

on abundant material, will be necessary to ascertain the exact relation-

ship of these four names.

JULY, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN PHAL^NID^

Locality: White Mts., Arizona.

Types: Holotype 6 ; Allotype $ ; 8 6,2 2, Paratypes.

Notes: From Barnes collection, collector unknown;

types in Barnes collection; Paratype in U. S. N. M.

Nephelistis Hamp

Type Nephalistis congenitalis Hamp.

1905, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 250, type designated

congenitalis.

Close to, but probably distinct from, Trichopolia Grt., see

below.

Trichopolia Grt.

Type Trichopolia dentatella Grt.

1883, Grote, Pap. Ill, 76, lists dentatella and questionably ptilodonta. ,

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 81, type designated

dentatella.

1905, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 361, partim., type

designated dentatella.

1923, Barnes & Benjamin, Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., XVIII, 123, type

designated dentatella.

Eupolia Sm.

Type Eupolia licentiosa Sm.

1894, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 69; p. 70, licentiosa sole

species and therefore type.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 544, type designated

licentiosa, but erroneously placed as section I of Namangana.

1923, Barnes & Benjamin, Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., XVIII, 123, type

designated licentiosa; licentiosa = dentatella, Eupolia =

Trichopolia.

We describe the following species in Trichopolia although

our three specimens lack a dorsal tuft on the second

abdominal segment. This tuft in dentatella is easily lost, is

only visible on some specimens and as all other characters

seem very similar, we think the tuft has probably been

rubbed off our types of suspicionis.

Structurally the species would appear to fall into Hamp-

son’s Nephelistis. We have already pointed out (1923) that

Hampson drew his description of the genus Trichopolia from

specimens of ursina Sm., and found it necessary to erect the

genus Engelhardtia for type ursina.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

We do not know if the genus Nephelistis will fall into the

synonomy of Trichop olia or not. Certainly it seems very

closely allied, and mainly separated on secondary sexual

characters.

Trichopolia comes very close to Scotogramma, but the front

is not as much rounded out. It is also closely related to

Folia, and some species now placed in Eriopyga. Most of

these hairy-eyed genera need careful study to ascertain

which should be retained and what species placed in them.

Tentatively we place Trichopolia between Admetovis and

Lophoceramica. This placement between Trichoclea and

Chabuata brings Trichopolia into contact with its obvious

exotic affinities, which possess pectinate antennae in the

male sex, such as Hydroeciodes and Nephelistis.

Trichopolia suspicionis* Barnes & Benjamin, n. sp.

Male: Antennae bipectinate, apically serrate and simple, ciliated.

Mid tibiae with tuft of long hair but not conspicuously dilated.

$ antennae simple, the joints slightly marked, ciliated. Androconia

absent in both sexes. Palpi pale, marked with black on sides, second

joint reaching about middle of frons, third joint porrect. Head and

thorax brown irrorated with black, abdomen similar, with dorsal

tuft on basal segment only; and slight lateral tufts.

Fore wing: ground color dull wood-brown, grayed by a scattering

of black scales; transverse lines single, black; basal line from costa

to the end of a short basal black dash, forming a loop; t. a. line

outwardly oblique from costa to inner margin, only slightly excurved;

claviform obsolescent; orbicular pale, moderate, slightly oblique,

faintly outlined by black and with black powdered center; reniform

centrally constricted, edged with an obsolescent series of black

scales, then a pale faint line followed by a strong black edging,

centrally with a blackish outlined inner crescent, the whole mark

heavily powdered by black; t. p. line erect on costa, strongly excurved

around cell, inwardly oblique, only a little incurved, below; s. t. line

obsolete; terminal line thin, broken by veins; fringe pale, checkered

by black.

Hind wing: whitish, subhyaline, with small discal spot and darker

veins, some fuscous suffusion outwardly; a thin terminal fuscous

line; fringe white, obsolescently interlined, and with yellowish base.

Beneath: whitish; the fore wing more or less suffused with fuscous,

especially in cell and on veins, with discal spot and t. p. line

showing through, terminal line and fringe as on upper side; hind

wing with only a scattering of fuscous scales, mostly on veins; ter-

minal line and fringe as on upper side.

Expanse: 26-28 mm.; 2, 26 mm.

JULY, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN PHAL^NIDJE

From the only allied species, dentatella, known to us, the present

species differs by the pectinations of the male antennae being but

about half as long, while the general coloration is much paler, the

transverse lines much stronger and blacker.

Locality: Sells Post Office, Indian Oasis, Pima County,

Arizona.

Types: Holotype 6 , /Vllotype $ , 1 6 Paratype, all 1-10

May, 1923.

Notes: O. C. Poling, collector.

Athetis Hbn.

Type Noctua dasychira Hbn.

1822, Hubner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 209, lists dasychira, palustris,

caliginosa and cubicularis.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. VIII, 299, type designated

furvula, apparently for synonym dasychira.

1911, Warren, in Seitz, Macrolepid., Ill, 207; p. 208, type designated

furvula, apparently for synonym dasychira.

1916, McDunnough, Ent. News, XXVII, 397, replaced by Caradrina.

Atypha Hbn.

Type Noctua pulmonaris Esp.

1822, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 213, lists pulmonaris argillacea

and ochroleuca.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 299, type designated

pulmonaris.

HapxVlotis Hbn.

Type Noctua furvula Hbn.

1825, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 254, lists furvula, lupula, ravula,

fuscula (poly gramma), atratula, candidula and venustula

(hybnerana).

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 299, type designated

furvuila.

Nebrissa Wlk.

Type Nehrissa himacula Wlk.

1862, Walker, Jour. Linn. Soc., Zook, VI, 194.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 299, type designated

himacula.

Anorthodes Sm.

Type Anorthodes prima Sm.

1891, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVIII, 114, prima sole species

and therefore type.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 299, type designated

tarda, apparently for synonym prima.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. II, NO. 1

Athetis Hbn. as used by Hampson is apparently correct

in place of Caradrina as used in the Barnes & McDunnough

Check List. Caradrina has type i-intactum by Duponchel,

1829, and will likely replace Lycophotia Hbn. as used by

Hampson and Barnes & McDunnough.

Elaphria Hbn., placed by Hampson as a synonym of

Athetis was first described in the Zutr. Exot. Schmett., I,

pi. XHI, grata sole species and therefore type. This will

have priority over the monotypic genera Monodes Gn. (type

nucicolora Gn.) and Alpesa Wlk. (type villicosta Wlk.)

Athetis indigena* Barnes & Benjamin, n. sp.

Palpi cream-colored, black at the sides. Head and thorax pale

brownish with a violaceous cast. Collar with a broad black band

at its base, else concolorous with the thorax. Abdomen pale brownish

above, yellowish beneath, the genitalia of the male surrounded by

long yellow hair. Fore wing: ground color dull pale wood brown,

with a slight violaceous tinge and a silken lustre, darkened and

grayed by scattered black scales, lines black; basal line geminate,

its outer line indistinct, waved from costa to submedian fold,

obsolescent below; t. a. line geminate, its inner line obsolescent,

appearing as a dot on costa and again as a thin irregular line

from costa to inner margin; orbicular obsolescent, more or less

indicated by a faint ring of black scales; claviform obsolete; reni-

form indistinct, black centered due to intersection by an obscure

median shade, marked by four pale yellowish points; t. p. line faintly

geminate, the inner line stronger, as a dot on costa excurved around

cell, incurved below, produced to points on the veins; s. t. obsolescent,

its course indicated by a faint yellowish shade which is marked in-

wardly by slight dusky shades and one or two black dashes; a thin

terminal line broken by the veins; fringe luteous at base, dark and

obscurely interlined. Hind wing: 6, whitish, subhyaline, the veins

and outer portion darkened by fuscous; $, darker, almost appearing

fuscous; fringe yellowish at base, with gray interline and white tips.

Beneath: whitish, the fore wing largely suffused with fuscous with

slight discal dot and transverse line; hind wing with scattered fuscous

scales mainly along veins and toward the outer margin which is

somewhat darkened, with discal dot and transverse line: fringes, all

wings, as on upper side: sexes similar on under side.

Expanse: 6, 29-32 mm.; 2, 31-33 mm.

Allied to triquetra, with a similar set of black subterminal

marks but lacking the black in the costal-subterminal

region ; at once distinguishable by the entirely different type

JULY, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN PHAL^NID^

of reniform and the black at the base of the collar. It is

also considerably heavier in build. Perhaps triquetra and

indigena should be placed in Ariathisa; but we prefer to

retain them with their North American allies.

''Caradrina” derosa Morr., is placed by Hampson as a

synonym of capularis Gn,, but a figure of the type would

indicate that it might be more nearly related to indigena.

We know of nothing like this figure, which does not seem

to match Hampson’s plate CXXXII, figure 12 of capularis;

having strong black markings on the reniform. Not know-

ing how much capularis varies, we hold the status of derosa

in abeyance. Even if distinct from capularis it is probably

exotic.

Localities and number and sexes of types: Holotype 6 ,

Brown’s Canon, Baboquivari Mts., Pima County, Arizona,

elevation approximately 5000 ft., (O. C. Poling), 1-15, June,

1923 ; Allotype $ , id. ; 2 6 Paratypes, id. ; 1 6 1 9 Para-

types, Baboquivari Mts., Pima County, Arizona, elevation

approximately 5000 feet (O. C. Poling), 15-30 June, 1923,

1 3 Paratype, Palmerlee, Arizona, 8-15 May.

Notes: Types in Barnes collection: Parqtype in U. S.

N. M.

CeLIPTERA VALINA Schs.

1901, Schaus, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), VIII, 86, Mods.

1913, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., XIII, 135, pi. CCXXV,

f. 5 (type), Celiptera.

Two males, three females, were received from the Babo-

quivari Mts., Arizona (O. C. Poling), dates 15-30 July,

1-15 August, 15-30 August, 1-15 September.

The females agreed with Hampson’s figure. Two males,

one female, were sent to Dr. Schaus for comparison with his

type and series.

The species is rather variable. It also appears somewhat

sexually dimorphic, the males darker marked and lacking

the yellow found in the transverse lines of the females. This

is replaced by rather diffused black.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

A NEW ACINOPTERUS FROM SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA

BY HERBERT OSBORN

Acinopterus aridellus Osborn, n. sp.

Head scarcely as wide as pronotum, vertex broad, distinctly

angulate, with a faint transverse depression, one-third longer at

middle than next the eye, longer and more pointed in male, front

broad, tapering uniformly from antennal pits, clypeus long, expand-

ing towards the tip, lorse large, nearly touching margin of cheek,

cheek margins sinuate, pronotum a little longer than vertex, elytra

long, apex rather broad, acute at tip; female last ventral segment

twice as long as preceding, hind margin rounded, minutely notched

at tip; male valve concealed or wanting, plates narrow, long, reaching

nearly to tip of pygofer.

Color: dark gray, suffused with pinkish, especially at tip of vertex

and on the elytral veins; ocelli whitish, three obscure whitish lines

on the pronotum, extending on to the scutellum; elytra hyaline, the

veins whitish, or tinged with pink, and margined with fuscous;

beneath yellowish, tinged with pinkish.

Length ; male and female, 4.5-5 mm.

Described from one female (type) two males, (allotype

and paratype) collected by the writer at Palm Canon,

Imperial County, California, March 8, 1924. They occurred

upon a small creeping plant outside the canyon mouth and

amongst barrel cactus, creosote, and sagebrush, in distinctly

arid conditions. It is decidedly smaller, especially more

slender, than acuminatus or angulatus, and the vertex is

longer, especially in the male, where it is quite distinctly

angulate. Type in Author’s collection.

Two Arizona Hemiptera

Ganocapsus filiformis Van Duzee was taken by me in large

numbers on a species of sunflower at Patagonia, Santa Cruz

County, Arizona, about the first of August, 1924. It occurred

on other weeds and grasses in the same locality, but seemed

to be breeding on the sunflower only. With it were taken

numbers of Garganus splendidus Distant, not before recorded

from north of the Mexican border. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

THE CONIFEROUS TREES OF THE UNITED

STATES WITH THE SCOLYTID (IPID)

BEETLES SAID TO ATTACK THEM

BY W. J. CHAMBERLIN

Oregon State College

Corvallis, Oregon

The following list contains such coniferous trees as are

reported to be the host of one or more of the bark or

ambrosia beetles. This list has been compiled from all

available literature, from field and laboratory records of the

Oregon Experiment Station, from ten years collecting in

the western forests by the author and lastly from material

obtained by exchange.

Although the list is far from complete and some of the

records as given in literature, especially in the older papers,

are probably inaccurate, it is felt that this preliminary list

will prove of value and may stimulate others to check it

carefully and make known any errors, corrections or addi-

tions so that a more complete and accurate list may be

compiled at a future time.

A few of the rarer trees are not listed, since no record of

their being attacked by scolytids, has been noted. Un-

doubtedly all of them have their scolytid enemies and

investigation of such trees should be carried on by those so

situated as to be able to do so.

Mr. Ralph Hopping’s paper, “Coniferous Hosts of the

Ipid^ of the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region,”

which appeared in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 54, pp.

128-134, has been of great value in compiling the present

paper.

The trees are listed alphabetically, according to genera

and species.

1. Abies amabilis. Lovely fir

Cryphalus amabilis Chamb.

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.)

sulcatus (Lee.)

Poylgraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Pseudohylesinus nobilis Sw.

Trypodendron sp.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

2. Abies balsamus. Balsam fir

Cryphalus balsameus Hopk.

Crypturgus balsameus Sw.

atomus Lee.

Dryocoetes confusus Sw.

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Pityokteines sparsus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus balsameus Blkm.

bassetti Blkm.

Pityophthorus eanadensis Sw.

opaeulus Lee.

patehi Blkm.

puberulus Lee.

^ Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Seolytus pieeae (Sw.)

2 Trypodendron lineatus (Oliv.)

ponderosse Sw.

3 Xyleborus xylographus (Say.)

3. Abies concolor. White fir

See species under A. grandis

4. Abies fraseri. Fraser’s fir

Cryphalus fraseri Hopk. Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

5. Abies grandis. Grand fir

Conophthorus montieolae Hopk.

Cryphalus approximatus Hopk.

grandis Chamb.

pubeseens Hopk.

subeoneentralis Hopk.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Pityokteines elegans Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Pseudohylesinus grandis Sw.

elongatus Sw.

granulatus (Lee.)

Seolytus kigeri Chamb.

praseeps Leo.

unispinosus Lee.

ventralis Lee.

subseaber Lee.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

Xyleborus xylographus Say.

6. Abies lasiocarpa. Alpine fir

Cryphalus borealis Sw.

eanadensis Chamb.

Dryoeoetes eonfusus Sw.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Ips borealis Sw.

Orthotomieus lasioearpi Sw.

Pityokteines elegans Sw.

Pityophthorus pseudotsugse Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Trypodendron sp.

7. Abies magnifica. Magnificent fir

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Leperisinus imperialis Eieh.

Pseudohylesinus granulatus

(Leo.)

Seolytus ventralis Lee.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

Pityokteines elegans Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Xyleborus xylographus Say.

1 Not a Scolytiae but so closely related in habits and work that the

family (Platypodidae) is included in this list.

2 This may be T. bivittatus (Kirby).

3 X. xylographus is given as breeding in a great many species of coni-

fers in the older publications. These are probably all errors in determina-

tion and this species probably confines its work to hardwood trees in the

Eastern United States.

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

8. Abies nobilis. Noble fir

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.) Pseudohylesinus nobilis Sw.

sulcatus (Lee.) Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

Hylastes longieollis Sw. Xyleborus xylographus Say.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

9. Abies venusta. Bristle-cone fir

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.) Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

suleatus (Lee.)

10. Chamcecyparis lawsoniana. Port Orford cedar

Phloeosinus punetatus Lee. Pityokteines minutus Sw.

11. Chamcecyparis nootkatensis. Alaska cedar

Phloeosinus punetatus Lee. Phloeosinus dentatus (Say)

nitidus Sw. Pityokteines minutus Sw.

12. Chamcecyparis thyoides. White cedar

Phloeosinus dentatus (Say) | >

13. Cupressus macrocarpa. Monterey cypress

Phloeosinus eristatus Lee. Phloeosinus eupressi Hopk.

14. Cupressus sargentii. Sargents cypress

Phloeosinus eupressi Hopk. Phloeosinus minutus Sw.

15. Juniperus calif arnica. Desert white cedar

Trypodendron sp.

16. Juniperus communis. Common juniper

Phloeosinus sp. Trypodendron sp.

dentatus (Say)

17. Juniperus flaccida. Juniper

Phloeosinus dentatus (Say)

18. Juniperus occidentalis. Western juniper

Phloeosinus juniperi Sw. Phloeosinus rugosus Sw.

19. Juniperus scopulorum. Rocky Mountain Juniper

Phloeosinus hoppingi Sw. Xyleborus scopulorum Hopk.

scopulorum Sw.

20. Juniperus virginiana. Eastern white cedar

Phloeosinus dentatus (Say) Phloeosinus enixus Blkm.

21. Larix alaskansis. Alaskan larch

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv. Xyleborus xylographus Say.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. II, NO. 1

22. Larix americana. American larch

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroctonus simplex Lee.

Dryocoetes americanus Hopk.

autographus Ratz.

Ips pini (Say)

balsameus Lee.

Orthotomieus eselatus (Eieh.)

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Seolytus pieea Sw.

* 23. Larix lyallii. Tamarack

Crypturgus atomus Lee.

Dendroetonus simplex Lee.

pseudotsugas? Hopk.

Dryoeoetes amerieanus Hopk.

Orthotomieus eslatus (Eieh.)

Gnathotriehus materiarius (Fiteh)

Hylurgops pinifex (Fiteh)

Ips pini Say

Phloeosinus serratus Lee.

Pityokteines sparsus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus opaeulus Lee.

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

bivittatum Kby.

Xyleborus xylographus Say

24. Larix occidentalis. Western larch

Crypturgus borealis Sw.

Dendroetonus pseudotsugas

Hopk.

valens Lee.

Ips emarginatus (Lee.)

Orthotomieus vieinus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus intextus Sw.

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Seolytus unispinosus Lee.

Xyleborus xylographus Say

25. Lihocedrus d'seurrens. Incense cedar

Phloeosinus attenuatus Sw.

eupressi Hopk.

Phloeosinus punetatus Lee.

hoppingi Sw.

Phloeosinus vandykei Sw.

fulgens Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

26. Picea hreweriana. Weeping spruce

Dendroetonus valens Lee. Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Gnathotriehus suleatus (Lee.) Xyleborus xylographus Say

27. Picea canadensis. White spruce

Carphoborus earri Sw.

Cryphalus mainensis Blkm.

Crypturgus atomus Lee.

borealis Sw.

Dendroetonus engelmanni Hopk.

johanseni Sw.

pieeaperda Hopk.

terebrans (Oliv.)

valens Lee.

Dryoeoetes amerieanus Hopk.

affaber (Mann.)

earyi Hopk.

pieese Hopk.

septentrionis (Mann.)

Gnathotriehus materiarius

(Fitch)

suleatus (Lee.)

Hylurgops pinifex (Fitch)

* Undoubtedly most of the records for i. lyallu should be referred to

L. occidentalis . Lyallii is a rare alpine species.

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

Ips chagnoni Sw.

engelmanni Sw.

interruptus (Mann.)

Ips pini (Say)

Orthotomicus cselatus (Fitch)

Phthorophlseus picea Sw.

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw.

Pityophthorus dentifrons Blkm.

Pityophthorus intextus Sw.

nudus Sw.

nitidus Sw.

opaculus Lee.

patchi Blkm.

28. Picea engelmanni

* Dendroctonus borealis Hopk.

engelmanni Hopk.

monticolas Hopk.

murrayanffi Hopk.

ponderosae Hopk.

valens Lee.

Dryocoetes afifaber (Mann.)

americanus Hopk.

septentrionis (Mann.)

Gnathotrichus sulcatus (Lee.)

Hylastes macer Lee.

Hylurgops rugipennis (Mann.)

Ips dubius Sw.

engelmanni Sw.

interpunctus (Eich.)

yohoensis Sw.

Pityophthorus puberulus Lee.

shepardi Blkm.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Scierus annectens Lee.

Scolytus piceae Sw.

Stephanoderes quadridentatus

Hopk.

Tryopdendron bivittatus Kby.

borealis Sw.

cavifrons (Mann.)

Xyleborus xylographus Say

Xylechinus americanus Blkm.

Englemann spruce

Orthotomicus vicinus (Lee.)

Pityogenes carinulatus (Lee.)

Pityokteines minutus Sw.

Pityophthorus atratulus (Lee.)

bassett Blkm.

intextus Sw.

nitidulus (Mann.)

occidentalis Blkm.

pseudotsugae Sw.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Procryphalus striatulus (Mann.)

Scierus annectens Lec.

piceae Sw.

Scolytus unispinosus Lec.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

ponderosae Sw.

29. Picea mariana. Black spruce

Crypturgus atomus Lec.

Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kby.)

frontalis (Oliv.)

rufipennis (Kby.)

piceaperda Hopk.

ponderosae Hopk.

terebrans (Oliv.)

valens Lec.

americanus Hopk.

Dryocoetes granicollis Lec.

Gnathotrichus materiarius

(Fitch)

sulcatus (Lec.)

Hylurgops pinifex (Fitch)

Ips grandicollis (Eich.)

pini (Say)

Orthotomicus caelatus (Eich.)

Pityophthorus cariniceps Lec.

1 hirticeps Lec.

tuberculatus Eich.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Trypodendron bivittatum (Kby.)

lineatus Oliv.

Xyleborus xylographus Say

Xyloterinus politus (Say)

* D. borealis and D. engelmanni are probably the same species.

1 P. fulchellus Eich.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

30. Picea pungens. Blue spruce

Dendroctonus engelmanni Hopk.

ponderosse Hopk.

valens Lee.

Dryocoetes affaber (Mann.)

Gnathotrichus sulcatus (Lee.)

Ips pini (Say)

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

Xyleborus xylographus Say.

31. Picea rubra. Red spruce

Cryphalus mainensis Blkm.

rubentis Hopk.

Crypturgus atomus Lee.

Dendroetonus pieeaperda Hopk.

punetatus Lee.

terebrans Oliv.

valens Lee.

Dryoeoetes amerieana Hopk.

Gnathotriehus materiarius

(Fiteh)

suleatus (Lee.)

Hylurgops pinifex (Fiteh)

Orthotomieus eaelatus (Eieh.)

Pityophthorus biovalis Blkm.

briseoei Blkm.

opaeulus Lee.

puberulus Blkm.

shepardi Blkm.

dentifrons Blkm.

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby.

Trypodendron lineatus Oliv.

Xyleborus xylographus (Say)

Xyleehinus amerieanus Blkm.

32. Picea sifehensis. Sitka spruce

Crypturgus borealis Sw.

Dendroetonus obesus (Mann.)

Dolurgus pumilus (Mann.)

Dryoeoetes affaber (Mann.)

septentrionis (Mann.)

Hylurgops rugipennis (Mann.)

Ips eoneinnus (Mann.)

interruptus (Mann.)

Ips vaneouveri Sw,

Pityophthorus atratulus (Lee.)

nitidulus (Mann.)

punetieollis (Lee.)

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Pseudohylesinus sitehensis Sw,

Trypodendron cavifrons (Mann.)

33. Pinus alhicaulis. White-bark pine

Dendroetonus montieolae Hopk. Gnathotriehus sulcatus (Lee.)

34. Pinus attenuata. Knobcone pine

Dendroetonus montieolae Hopk. Gnathotrichus asperulus (Lee.)

valens Lee.

35. Pinus balfouriana. Foxtail pine

Dendroctonus montieolae Hopk.

valens Lee.

Gnathotrichus sulcatus Lee.

Hylurgops pinifex (Fitch)

rugipennis (Mann.)

Ips grandicollis Eieh.

vaneouveri Lee.

Xyleborus pubescens Zimni.

xylographus (Say.)

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

36. Pimis caribcea. Slash pine

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimni.

terebrans Oliv.

Ips calligraphus (Germ.)

grandicollis (Eich.)

Pityogenes comatus (Zimm.)

granulatus Sw.

plagiatus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus publicarius

(Zimm.)

37. Finns clausa. Sand pine

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll. Ips grandicollis (Eich.)

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Pityoborus comatus Zimm.

38. Finns contorta (murr ay ana). Lodgepole pine

Conophthorus contortse Hpk.

Crypturgus pusillus?

Dendroctonus monticolse Hpk.

murrayanae Hopk.

ponderosae Hopk.

valens Lee.

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.)

sulcatus (Lee.)

Hylurgops lecontei Sw.

pinifex (Fitch)

rugipennis (Mann.)

subcostulatus (Mann.)

Ips concinnus (Mann.)

emarginatus (Lee.)

grandicollis (Eich.)

guildi Blkman.

interpunctatus (Eich.)

latidens (Lee.)

Ips oregoni (Eich.)

pini (Say)

plastographus (Lee.)

radiatse (Hopk.)

vancouveri Sw.

Orthotomicus ornatus Sw.

Pityogenes carinulatus (Lee.)

fossifrons (Lee.)

knechteli Sw.

Pityophthorus atratulus Lee.

confertus Sw.

murrayanae Blkman.

nitidulus (Mann.)

tuberculatus Eich.

Pseudohylesinus sericeus

(Mann.)

Scierus annectens Lee.

39. Finns coulteri. Coulter pine

Dendroctonus terebrans (Oliv.) Dendroctonus valens Lee.

* brevicomis Lee. Ips calligraphus (Germ.)

40. Finns divaricata. Jack pine

Dendroctonus punctatus Lee.

rufipennis Kby.

Monarthrum fasciatum (Say)

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw.

Pityophthorus annectens Lee.

Phloesinus pini Sw.

41. Finns echinata. Shortleaf pine

Carphoborus bicristatus Chap.

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

terebrans (Oliv.)

Gnathotrichus materiarius

(Fitch)

Ips avulsus (Eich.)

grandicollis (Eich.)

* Record by Ralph Hopping.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Orthotomicus caelatus (Eich.)

Pityogenes plagiatus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus annectens (Lee.)

eomatus (Zimm.)

granulatus Sw.

lautus Eieh.

Pityophthorus nudus Sw.

puliearius (Zimm.)

pullus (Zimm.)

Platypus flavieornis (Fab.)

Stephanoderes quadridentatus

Hopk.

42. Pinus edulus. Pinion

Conophthorus edulis Hopk. Ips eonfusus (Lee.)

43. Pinus flexilis. Limber pine

Dendroetonus montieolse Hopk. Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mann.)

ponderosse Hopk. Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby)

44. Pinus glabra. Spruce pine

Dendroetonus frontalis Zimm. Ips pini (Say)

terebrans (Oliv.) Pityophthorus anneetens Lee.

45. Pinus jeffreyi. Jeffrey pine

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroetonus jeffreyi Hopk.

valens Lee.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

Hylastes maeer Lee.

Hylurgops subeostulatus (Mann.)

Ips eoneinnus (Mann.)

emarginatus (Lee.)

Ips grandieollis (Eieh.)

latidens (Lee.)

oregoni (Eieh.)

radiatae Hopk.

Orthotomieus ornatus Sw.

Pityogenes earninulatus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus eonfinis Lee.

Xyleborus impressus Eieh.

46. Pinus lahmertiana. Sugar pine

Conophthorus lambertianse

Hopk.

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroetonus montieolse Hopk.

valens Lee.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Hylurgops rugipennis Mann.

47. Pinus monticola.

Conophthorus montieolse Hopk.

Dendroetonus monticolae Hopk.

valens Lee.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Hylastes nigrinus (Mann.)

Hylurgops subeostulatus Mann.

Ips eonfusus (Lee.)

emarginatus (Lee.)

oregoni (Eieh.)

latidens (Lee.)

Pityophthorus confertus Sw.

eonfinis (Lee.)

tubereulatus Eich.

Western white pine

Hylurgops pinifex (Fitch)

porosus (Lee.)

rugipennis (Mann.)

subeostulatus (Mann.)

Ips eonfusus (Lee.)

eoneinnus (Mann.)

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

Ips integer (Eich.)

interruptus (Mann.)

latidens (Lee.)

oregoni (Eich.)

vancouveri Sw.

grandicollis (Eich.)

avulsus (Eich.)

Pityogenes fossifrons (Lee.)

48.

Dendroctonus monticolse Hopk.

49. Pinus muricata.

Pityophthorus carmeli Sw.

Pityophthorus atratulus (Lee.)

confertus Sw.

confinis Lee.

nitidulus (Mann.)

Pityokteines sparsus (Lee.)

elegans Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Scolytus monticolas Sw.

Pinus monophylla. Single leaf pine

Ips confusus (Lee.)

California swamp pine or prickle-cone

pine

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

50. Pinus palustris. Long-leaf pine

Crypturgus alutaceus Sz.

pusillus Gyll.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

terebrans (Oliv.)

Ips avulsus (Eich.)

grandicollis (Eich.)

Orthotomicus cselatus (Eich.)

Pityogenes plagiatus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus annectens Lee.

comatus (Zimm.)

pulicarius (Zimm.)

Xyleborus confusus Eich.

51. Pinus ponderosa.

Carphoborus simplex Lee.

Conophthorus ponderosse Hopk.

Dendroctonus approximatus Dz.

arizonicus Hopk.

1 barberi Hopk.

brevicomis Lee.

convexifrons Hopk.

jeffreyi Hopk.

monticolae Hopk.

ponderosse Hopk.

terebrans? Oliv.

valens Lee.

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.)

sulcatus (Lee.)

Hylastes porosus (Lee.)

Hylurgops lecontei Sw.

rugipennis (Mann.)

subcostulatus (Mann.)

Ips concinnus (Mann.)

confusus (Lee.)

grandicollis (Eich.)

emarginatus (Lee.)

Western yellow pine

Ips integer (Eich.)

interpunctus (Eich.)

knausi Sw.

latidens (Lee.)

oregoni (Eich.)

pini (Say)

radiatse Hopk.

Orthotomicus ornatus (Eich.)

Pityogenes carinulatus (Lee.)

fossifrons (Lee.)

Pityophthorus atratulus (Lee.)

cariniceps Lee.

Pityophthorus confertus Sw.

confinis Lee.

nitidulus (Mann.)

tuberculatus Eich.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Trypodendron ponderosae Sw.

Xyleborus xylographus (Say)

scopulorum Hopk.

1 D: barberi Hopk. is probably synonymous with D. brevicomis Lec.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

52. Pinus pungens. Table-mountain pine

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll. Ips grandicollis (Eich.)

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Pityogenes plagiatus (Lee.)

terebrans (Oliv.) Pityophthorus confinis Lee.

Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fiteh) puberulus Lee.

53. Pinus radiata. Monterey pine

Conoplithorus radiatae Hopk.

Carphoborus radiatas Sw.

Dendroetonus valens Lee.

Hylastes nigrinus (Mann.)

Hylurgops rugipennis (Mann.)

Ips plastographus (Lee.)

radiatae Hopk.

Pityophthorus atratulus (Lee.)

earmeli Sw.

Pseudohylesinus serieeus (Mann.)

54. Pinus resinosa. Red pine

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

punctatus Lee.

Ips chagnoni Sw.

perroti Sw.

pini (Say)

Monarthrum fasciatum (Say)

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw.

55. Pinus rigida.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

Gnathotrichus materiarius

(Fitch)

Ips callographus (Germ.)

Pityophthorus balsameus Blkm.

canadensis Sw.

confinis Lee.

puberulus Lee.

pulicarius (Zimm.)

Trypodendron scabricollis (Lee.)

Pitch or Pond pine

Ips pini (Say)

grandicollis (Eich.)

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Trypodendron bivittatum (Kby.)

56. Pinus sahiniana. Gray or Digger pine

Dendroctonus valens Lee. Ips latidens (Lee.)

Ips grandicollis (Eich.)

57. Pinus strobus.

Conophthorus coniperda Sz.

Crypturgus atomus Lee.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

punctatus Lee.

rufipennis (Kby.)

terebrans (Oliv.)

valens Lee.

Dryocoetes americanus Hopk.

Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch)

retusus Lee.

Hylastes porculus Erich.

Hylurgops pinifex (Fitch)

Eastern white pine

Ips avulsus (Eich.)

calligraphus (Germ.)

chagnoni Sw.

longidens Sw.

pini (Say)

Monarthrum fasciatum (Say)

mali (Fitch)

Orthotomicus caelatus (Eich.)

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw.

Pityokteines sparsus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus annectens Lee.

biovales Blkm.

JULY, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN SCOLYTID^

Pityophthorus briscoei Blkm.

canadensis Sw.

cariniceps Lee.

confinis Lee.

granulatus Sw.

lautus Eieh.

opaculus Lee.

patchi Blkm.

Pityophthorus puberulus Lee.

pullus (Zimm.)

puliearius (Zimm.)

ramiperda Sw.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.)

Trypodendron bivittatum (Kby.)

Xyleborus impressus Eieh.

Xyleehinus amerieanus Blkm.

58. Pinus tceda.

Carphoborus bicristatus Chap.

Crypturgus pusillus Gyll.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.

rufipennis (Kby.)

terebrans (Oliv.)

Gnathotriehus materiarius

(Fitch)

Ips avulsus (Eieh.)

calligraphus (Germ.)

grandicollis (Eieh.)

Orthotomicus caelatus (Eieh.)

Pityogenes plagiatus Lee.

Loblolly pine

Pityokteines sparsus (Lee.)

Pityophthorus annectens Lee.

Pityophthorus bisulcatus Eieh.

granulatus Sw.

lautus Eieh.

puliearius (Zimm.)

pullus (Zimm.)

Platypus flavicornis (Fab.)

Stephanoderes quadridentatus

Hopk.

Trypodendron scabricollis (Lee.)

Xyleborus pecanis Hopk.

59. Pinus torreyana. Torrey pine

Dendroctonus terebrans (Oliv.) Pityophthorus torreyanae Sw.

60. Pinus virginiana. Scrub pine

Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimm.) Trypodendron scabricollis (Lee.)

Gnathotriehus asperulus (Lee.)

61. PseudotsugcB macrocar pa. Big-cone spruce

Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Trypodendron ponderosae Sw.

Hopk. Xyleborus xylographus (Say)

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

62. PseudotsugcB taxifolia. Douglas fir

Cryphalus subconcentralis Hopk.

Dendroctonus pseudotsugae

Hopk.

Dryocoetes pseudotsugae Sw.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

sulcatus (Lee.)

Hylastes nigrinus (Mann.)

ruber Sw.

Hylurgops grandicollis Sw.

Ips chamberlini Sw.

Pityokteines elegans Sw.

jasperi Sw.

minutus (Sw.)

Pityophthorus confinis Lee.

nitidulus (Mann.)

pseudotsugae Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Pseudohylesinus grandis Sw.

elongatus Sw.

granulatus (Lee.)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Lee.)

sericeus (Mann.)

Scolytus (E) monticolae (Sw.)

subscaber Lee.

tsugae (Sw.)

unispinosus Lee.

Seolytus ventralis Lee.

Trypodendron bivittatus (Kby.)

eavifrons (Mann.)

ponderosae Sw.

Trypodendron sp.

Xyleborus xylographus (Say)

63. Sequoia gigantea (IVashingtoniana) . Big tree

Gnathotriehus suleatus Lee. Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Phloeosinus punetatus Lee. Trypodendron sp.

rubieundulus Sw.

64. Sequoia sempervirens. Redwood

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.) Phloeosinus sequoiae Hopk.

suleatus (Lee.) Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Phloesinus eupressi Hopk. Trypodendron sp.

65. T axodium disticum. Bald cypress

Monarthrum mali (Fiteh) Playtypus eompositus Say

Phloeosinus taxodii Blkm.

66. Thuja occidentalis. White cedar

Gnathotriehus suleatus (Lee.)

67. Thuja plicata.

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.)

suleatus (Lee.)

Phloeosinus eupressi Hopk.

punetatus Lee.

sequoiae Hopk.

Phloeosinus eanadensis Sw.

dentatus Say

Western red cedar

Phloeosinus minutus Sw.

Platypus wilsoni Sw.

Trypodendron eavifrons (Mann.)

Xyleborinus n. sp.

68. Tsuga canadensis. Eastern hemlock

Anisandrus obesus (Lee.)

pyri (Peek)

Gnathotriehus suleatus (Lee.)

Ips longidens Sw.

Monarthrum faseiatum (Say)

Monarthrum mali (Fiteh)

Trypodendron bivittatum (Kby.)

Trypodendron sp.

Xyloterinus politus (Say)

69. Tsuga caroliniana. Southern hemlock

Anisandrus obesus (Lee.) Monarthrum faseiatum (Say)

pyri (Peek) Trypodendron bivittatum (Kby.)

Monarthrum mali (Fiteh)

JULY, 1925]

C H A M BERLI N S COL YTID JE

70. Tsuga heterophylla. Western hemlock

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.) Platypus wilsoni Sw.

sulcatus (Lee.) Pseudohylesinus serieeus (Mann.)

Hylastes nigrinus (Mann.) tsugge Sw.

71. Tsuga mertensiana. Mountain hemlock

Gnathotriehus retusus (Lee.) Seolytus tsugas (Sw.)

suleatus (Lee.)

A New Mirid From Arizona (Hemiptera)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

Mesomiris albescens Van Duzee, n. sp.

Whitish; two spots on pronotal base, scutellar, margins of

clavus and an elongated spot near apex of corium and tarsi

black ; antennae, bases and tips of tibiae reddish. Length, 7 mm.

Female: Head broader than in curtulus; median ineised line eon-

fined to vertex whieh is short; front broad, strongly eoneave, almost

tumid. Rostrum just passing middle of mesonotum. Antennae:

segment I as long as head viewed from above; II as long as from

tip of tylus to apex of seutellum; III two-thirds of II; IV four-

sevenths of III. Pronotum scarcely wider than long; median line

scarcely defined; punctures on collum and seutellum more shallow.

Elytra very obscurely punctured. Legs longer than in curtulus.

Color whitish, tinged with yellow on head and pronotum;

mesonotum and mesosternum croceus, marked with black posteriorly;

a large spot on base of pronotum either side; latero-basal edge of

seutellum, scutellar margin of clavus and an elongate discal spot near

apex of corium (sometimes becoming a faint vitta connecting with

the scutellar margin of clavus), black or blackish; antennae refuscent,

becoming darker at apex and paler on base of segment II and upper

disk of segment I; eyes dark castaneous; legs tinged with yellow,

apex of femora and base and apex of tibiae red; tarsi black as is the

extreme tip of the tibiae and the apex of rostrum.

Type : female. No. 1816, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, August 8, 1924, along the Babocomari River

near Huachuca Station, Arizona. Paratype, female, same data.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

ON NIGHT FLYING AND ATTRACTION TO LIGHT

IN ACRIDHDZE AND THE RELATION OF

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

THERETO

BY L. P. ROCKWOOD

U . S. Bureau of Entomology, Forest Grove, Oregon

Published records of night flying and attraction to light

in the family Acridiidse of the Orthoptera appear to be few

and not readily discoverable. This behavior has been well

established for Dissosteira longipennis Thomas in Colorado ^

and New Mexico ^ and a recent article ^ would indicate that

this species was the only one in the United States known to

fly at night. A search of the literature at hand at this

moment, however, adds several species to the list of those

taken at light at night, and the observation recorded in this

paper adds three more.

Riley, Packard, and Thomas ^ were apparently able to

find but one authentic case of observation of flight of

Acridiidse at night in European literature and mention none

for America. They pointed out, however, that circum-

stantial evidence indicated that migratory flights may be

continued after nightfall. A flight of large numbers of

grasshoppers, thought to have been Schist ocerca americana

Dru., was noted ^ at a lighthouse in Lake Erie off the mouth

of the Detroit River between the hours of 11 and 12 p. m.

on the night of July 12, 1899. Mr, W. R. Walton of the

U. S. Bureau of Entomology has stated in correspondence,

and given permission to quote that, in the vicinity of

Washington, D. C., “we frequently find considerable num-

bers of the Carolina grasshopper, Dissosteira Carolina Linn.,

flying around the electric lights during the warm nights of

the summer.”

1 Circular 36, 13th annual report, State Entomologist of Colorado,

p. 35, June, 1922. Fort Collins, Colo.

2 Bulletin 293, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1915, Washington, D. C.

i3 Second Report, U. S. Entomological Commission, p. 97, 1880,

Washington, D. C.

4 Bulletin 22, n. s., Div. of Ent., U.S.D.A., p. 106, 1900, Washington, D.C.

JULY, 1925]

ROCKWOOD ACRIDIIDJE

Rehn and Hebard * have recorded the capture of

the following species at light at night in New Mexico and

Arizona :

Encoptolophus texensis Braner e, 1 2 , Deming, N. M., July 20, 1917 ;

Eoswell, N. M., Aug., 1902,

Derotmema laticinctum Scudder 6, 1 $ , Alamogordo, N. M., July 12, 1907.

Trimerotropis texana Bruner 1 $ , Alamogordo, IST. M., July 12, 1907.

rubripes Relin 6, 1 2 Alamogordo, N. M., July 12, 1907.

fvinculata Scudder®, Alamogordo, N. M., July 12, 1907.

vinculata Scudder 5^ Ig^ Nogales, Ariz., Aug, 13.

fascicula McNeill 1 2 j Nogales, Ariz., Aug. 13.

strenua McNeill s, 2 specs., Tucson, Ariz., July 26.

Aeoloplus ariBonensis Scudder 7 specs., Yuma, Ariz,, July 27, 28.

Melanoplus herbaceus Bruner ®, 1 2 j Alamogordo, N. M., July 12, 1907.

A study of these records indicates that night flying of

Acridiidse may frequently occur in the Southwestern United

States, while nocturnal activity in this family would seem

to be of rare occurrence in northern latitudes. It is, there-

fore, thought to be worth while to record the following

observation made by the late Prof. A. L. Lovett of the

Oregon Agricultural College and the writer, together with

pertinent meteorological data.

On the night of July 22, 1923, Professor Lovett and the

writer were in the city of Boise, Idaho, after a sweltering

day on the train. At about 9 :30 or 10 p. m., w^e decided

to take a short stroll in the open air for the purpose of

cooling off. Our attention was almost immediately attracted

to grasshoppers which were fluttering around the street

lamps like moths. Several of the grasshoppers were on the

sidewalk where many had been stepped on and mangled

by pedestrians and we each collected a double handful of

the hoppers from in front of show windows and doorways.

These grasshoppers have since been identified by the writer

as follows :

Conozoa ‘ivallula Scudder, 3 2 2

Dissosteira spurcata Sauss., 6 6 6,322

Spharagemon txquale Say, 5 6 5,522

5 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 365, 1908.

6 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. Ill, 1909.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Clinton E. Norquest, Meteorologist of the Weather

Bureau, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Boise, Idaho, has

kindly furnished the following meteorological records for

July 22, 1923 ;

Temperature

Wind direction

^Relative humidity 7

89° at 8 p.m.

W at 7 p.m.

25 per cent at 6 p.m

86° at 9 p.m.

NW at 8 p.m.

80° at 10 p.m.

N at 9 p.m.

77° at 11p.m.

N at 10 p.m.

maximum for day, 98°

SE at 11 p.m.

It is the opinion of the writer that the high night tempera-

ture was the principal factor occasioning the night flight

of grasshoppers in this case, although the relative humidity,

wind direction, and the extreme heat of the preceding day-

light hours were doubtless also important factors. It is a

well known fact that temperature is a prime factor in deter-

mining the activity of grasshoppers. Sviridenko ® and

Parker ^ have recently reported that air temperatures in the

neighborhood of 80° F. occasion maximum activity in the

case of Dociostaurus maroccanus Thnb. and Camnula pellucida

Scudder, respectively. Parker ® has recorded much valuable

data on the relation of meteorological conditions to the

behavior of the latter species. In this paper it is stated that

migratory flights “did not begin (in Montana) until the

air temperature had reached 74° F. and were at their maxi-

mum at from 75° F. to 78° F.” Other data in the same

article indicated that the temperature limiting the inaugura-

tion of short flights in Minnesota is near 75° F. Both

authors agree that air temperatures in the neighborhood of

90° F. tend to inhibit activity in these species.

7 A trace of precipitation was recorded for the 23rd, so that the per-

centage of relative humidity was probably considerably higher at 10 p. m.

8 Sviridenko, P. A. Petrograd, 1924, rev. in Rev. of Applied Ent.,

vol. 12, p. 337, 1924.

9 Bulletin 214, U. of Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., St. Paul, 1924, p. 32.

JULY, 1925] HUBBELL PRISTOCEUTHOPHILUS

A NEW SPECIES OF PRISTOCEUTHOPHILUS FROM

THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS, WASHINGTON.

(Orthoptera, Tettigoniidge) ^

BY THEODORE H. HUBBELL

Gainesville, Florida

The expedition to the Olympic Mountains of Washington,

sent out in the summer of 1919 by the Museum of Zoology

of the University of Michigan, brought back a small collec-

tion of the Orthoptera of the region. Only a few species

are represented, as the party left the field before most of

the Orthoptera had become mature. Nevertheless the col-

lection contains several species of the subfamily Rhaphi-

dophorinse which are of unusual interest; one of these

proved to be new, and is described below.

Pristoceuthophilus gaigei Hubbell n. sp.

Related to P. tuberculatus and P. cercalis, but easily dis-

tinguishable from all species of the genus hitherto described

by the distinctive armament of the dorsum of the male

abdomen, the form of the male cerci, and the coloration.

Description of holotype male

Size small for genus. Head with frontal spine well developed,

but shorter and blunter than in celatus and pacificus. Antennae slender,

with approximately 120 segments, more than twice as long as body.

Pronotum slightly longer than exposed portions of meso- and

metanota together. Ventral margins of thoracic terga gently arcuate,

with ventro-cephalic and ventro-caudal angles rather abruptly

rounded. Pronotum and mesonotum smooth; metanotum with a

group of small, blunt-pointed tubercles on each side of dorsum,

covering most of exposed lateral portions of tergum, but not reaching

ventral border.

Terga of abdominal segments I to VIII armed with large, heavy,

blunt-pointed spines, or with rounded or conical tubercles; dorsum

of segment IV elevated into a large median prominence of dis-

tinctive form. Spines and tubercles of each abdominal segment

arranged in two slightly irregular transverse rows along caudal

margins of terga, except on VIII, where cephalic row is absent.

On I to IV the spines (smallest on I) confined to lateral and dorso-

lateral portions of terga; dorso-lateral spines largest (some measure

.7 mm. in length), decreasing in size ventrad. Dorsum of segments

1 Contribution from the Department of Biology, University of Florida.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

I to III unarmed. Tergum of III narrower dorsally than the rest,

crowded forward by enlarged dorsum of IV, which bears, in median

line, a large, tall, smooth protuberance of peculiar shape (see figure)

which is approximately three times as long as dorsal length of

segment III. Segment V armed similarly

to segments I to III, but caudal row of

spines continued across dorsum (the

dorsal spines being, however, much

smaller than those of sides), and cephalic

row represented on dorsum by paired

lateral spines and a row of conical

tubercles. Segment VI with same arrange-

ment as V, but dorsal spines of both rows

larger; spines of cephalic row irregularly

spaced, and only about one-half the height

of those of caudal row. Segment VII with

spines of caudal row reduced to about

half the size of corresponding ones of

VI; cephalic row reduced to an indistinct

line of rounded tubercles. Segment VIII

with cephalic row absent; caudal row re-

duced to a line of rounded tubercles.

On all abdominal segments except I the spines or tubercles of the

caudal tend to be larger than those of the cephalic row; this is most

marked in segments V to VIII, in the last of which no trace of the

cephalic row remains. On segments II and III the armature almost

reaches the ventral borders of the terga; posteriorly the distance to

the ventral margin increases, until on VIII the tubercles are confined

to the dorsum.

Supra-anal plate (tenth tergite) laterally narrow, with gently con-

cave latero-caudal margins, produced mesially in a strongly depressed

triangular lobe. Subgenital plate (hypandrium) subquadrate, nar-

rowing distally; distal margin broadly and shallowly emarginate,

disto-lateral angles rounded. Styles short, robust, bluntly pointed,

with faint indications of segmentation.. Penis fully extruded; ventral

lobe sub-chitinous, densely clothed with fine retrorsoappressed

spinules; longer than broad, with rounded tip (which hides distal

portion of supra-anal plate in type).

Cerci similar in form to those of cercalis and tuberculatus. The

length of cercus to tip of basal unsegniented portion about two-

thirds the length of the pronotum.

Legs moderately stout. Cephalic femora unarmed. Median femora

armed on both margins (left) or on caudal margin only (right) with

a very minute sub-apical spinule. Median tibiae armed dorsally with

2 The artist has correctly shown the main features of the abdominal

specialization, but the figure contains some minor inaccuracies with regard

to proportions and spine arrangement.

PristoceutliopJiilus gaigei

Hubbell.

Dorsal view of abdomen of

male holotype.^

JULY, 1925]

HUBBELL PRISTOCEUTHOPHILUS

3-4 (left) and 3-2 (right) small, slender spines on cephalic and

caudal margins respectively. Caudal femora slender, unarmed

dorsally; both ventral carinse armed in distal half with distant,

minute, sharp-pointed spinules, more numerous and closely spaced

on caudal than on cephalic margin, the apical ones larger than the

rest. Hind tibiae straight, with no trace of basal curvature or ventro-

proximal lamination.

Length of antennas approximately 21 mm.; of pronotum 2.6 mm.;

of cephalic femora 3.4 mm.; of caudal femora 7.0 mm.; of caudal

tibi^ 8.3 mm.; of cercus to tip of unsegmented basal portion 1.6 mm.

Coloration®: Antennae honey yellow; joints of distal portion in-

fuscated in proximal half; marked with lighter annuli at irregular

intervals. Head barium yellow, with indistinct markings of Vandyke

brown below eyes and antennal sockets, and on median frontal line.

Frontal spine black, the ocelli on its sides bright sulphur yellow.

Eyes black. Occiput barium yellow, with markings of vandyke

brown between eyes. Thorax barium yellow on dorsum, lighter

and semi-translucent along ventral margin. Two broad brownish

black dorso-lateral stripes border the light-colored median area.

They are most distinct on caudal portion of pronotum and on

mesonotum; on cephalic half of pronotum less densely colored, and

marked with small yellowish maculations. Light median stripe

abruptly narrowed in middle of pronotum by convergence of dark

bands cephalad; from this angulation faint longitudinal streaks of

Vandyke brown extend caudad within margins of median band.

Abdomen with dorsal surface ocher yellow, caudad faintly marked

with longitudinal brownish lines; spines and median protuberance

ochraceous tawny. The dark bands of thorax extend caudad less

distinctly along sides of abdomen. Cerci barium yellow proximally,

shading into reddish brown at distal end of unsegmented portion;

terminal segment of distal portion barium yellow. Caudal femora

honey yellow dorsally, indistinctly suffused with brownish on ventral

surface; outer ventral carina marked with distinct alternating light

and dark patches. Traces of color pattern similar to that of cercalis

visible on pagina. Remaining femora and tibia honej'' yellow, faintly

marked with brownish.

Specimens examined: One (holotype male), Lake Cush-

man, Olympic Mountains, Mason County, Washington,

August 1, 1919 (F. M. Gaige). (In collection of Museum of

Zoology, University of Michigan.) A single immature

female taken June 25, 1919, in the same locality shotvs a

similar type of coloration, and may belong to this species.

3 Where definite color names are used the terminologj* is that of

Ridgway’s Color Standards and Color Nomenclature.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Prist oceuthophilus gaigei is more bizarre than any species of

the genus hitherto described, and one of the most peculiar of

North American Orthoptera. It is most closely related to

P. tuberculatus and P. cercalis, but far surpasses both of these

species in degree of specialization of the male abdomen. All

three species have the same form of male cercus, a more

specialized type ^ than is found in other members of the

genus. P. tuberculatus approaches closer to gaigei in the

character of the male dorsal abdominal armament than does

cercalis.

The function (if it has one) of the peculiar median

prominence on the dorsum of the abdomen can only be sur-

mised. It may be noted, however, that on the concave

sides of the structure there are two elongate light-colored

areas, Avhich are connected across its dorsum at the nar-

rowest point; these areas are not heavily chitinized, but

seem to be membranous. It is possible that they may con-

tain the openings of scent glands, or perhaps mark the site

of an eversible scent organ.

I have named this species in honor of its collector, my

friend, Mr. F. M. Gaige. His field notes on the type are as

follows : “In rotten logs in clearing on Staircase Trail,

Aug. 1.” Mr. Gaige informs me that these logs were in an

apparently natural clearing in maple-alder woods, with

underbrush of stag-alder, vine-maple and willows, which

bordered the dense conifer forest, the edge of Vv^hich was

about sixty yards distant. The altitude was approximately

1050 feet.

4 These cerci are clearly of a more specialized type than the form

normal in the Rliaphidophorinse, hut E. M. Walker (1922, Ann. Ent. Soc.

Amer., xv, 19) suggests that the segmentation of the apical portion of

the cercus in this group of species is an atavistic character.

JULY, 1925]

SHANNON SPHECOMYIA

NORTH AMERICAN SPHECOMYIA

(DIPTERA, SYRPHIDiE)

BY RAYMOND C. SHANNON

Bureau of Entomology

The species of the genus Sphecomyia are remarkable for their

close resemblance to the yellow- jacket wasps, Vespa. The simi-

larity of N. vittata is extraordinary, for even the antennae are

greatly elongated, being quite equal to those of wasps; while

pattoni and dyari, which have small antennae, have black and

enlarged fore tarsi which are probably used to simulate long

antennae by extending them forewards. The species are appar-

ently confined to the North American Pacific Coast region,

except vittata, which appears to be of holarctic distribution.

Table of Species of Sphecomyia Latreille

Al. Second, third, and fourth tergites each with a single yellow

crossband, the posterior half of tergites black; fore legs

mostly yellow; width of third antennal joint equal to

length of first two (Ore., Wn., B. C.) nasica Osborn

A2. Second, third, and fourth tergites each with a pair of yellow

crossbands, sometimes partly fused.

Bl. Fore tibia except base and fore tarsi black; arista much

longer than antenna; mesonotum black.

Cl. Scutellum yellow pilose; third vein moderately

curved downward (Calif.) dyari, n. sp.

C2. Scutellum black pilose; third vein practically straight

(Ore., Ida.) pattoni Williston

B2. Fore legs almost entirely yellow; mesonotum with yel-

low markings.

Cl. Arista as long as antenna; mesonotum with lateral

markings (B. C., Wn., ld 2 i)\o) ....occidentalis Osburn

C2. Arista much shorter than antenna; mesonotum with

a pair of median, interrupted stripes.

Dl. Antenna greatly elongated; arista about one-

third the length of second joint (holarctic)

mttata Wiedemann

D2. Antenna moderately elongate, arista longer than

second antennal joint (Calif. Ore., B. C.)

bremcornis Osten Sacken

Sphecomyia dyari Shannon, n. sp.

Female. Closely related to pattoni, but differs in a number

of features as follows : General appearance noticeably more

robust ; head as broad as high (higher than broad in pattoni ) ;

antennal prominence less projecting; face slightly broader and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

less excavated; antennae more elongate, the third joint distinctly

shorter than the first two, mesonotum more shining ; two yel-

lowish pollinose spots between the humeri ; discal crossvein less

oblique; third vein distinctly curved; yellow abdominal bands

noticeably broader, the interrupted ones with their inner ends

squared. Length, 15.5 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

Type-locality. Gold Lake Camp, Plumas County, California,

July 19, 1916 (H. G. Dyar).

Type. Cat. No. 27,834, U. S. N. M.

Named for Dr. H. G. Dyar, who has added numerous Dip-

tera to the National collection, taken during his countrywide

searches for Culicidae. This species may prove to be a race of

pattoni.

A Useful Bibliography

Parshley, Howard M. Bibliography of the North American

Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Smith College Fiftieth Anniversary Publi-

cation. Northampton, Mass. 252 pages.

Of the working tools of the systematic entomologist perhaps

nothing has more value than a good bibliography. In the book

cited above Dr. H. M. Parshley has given the hemipterist just

such a help and has earned the sincere gratitude that will be

fully accorded him. In addition to listing the works dealing

with the systematic side of the subject he has wisely included

papers on the biology of the group and many treating purely

of the economic aspect of the subject. The names of the

authors are arranged alphabetically, and under each author the

titles are in chronological order, with a letter added, where

necessary, so the Marks system of reference can be used if

desired.

In the publication of my Catalogue of the Hemiptera of

America North of Mexico, the very bulk of the volume made

it advisable for me to omit most references to the biologic and

economic literature included in the Henshaw Bibliography of

Economic Entomology and its continuations, and all bibliog-

raphy except the briefest possible reference to the serials and

books whose abbreviations appeared in the pages of the

catalogue. Dr. Parshley’s Bibliography now supplies this

omission very completely. No entomologist whose labors

touch the Heteroptera at all can afford to be without this

new bibliographical help. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1925

ESSIG ECONOMIC NOTES

ECONOMIC NOTES

BY E, 0. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, California

European Earwig

Although the European earwig, Forficula auricularia (Linn,),

has been known to occur in certain parts of the city of Berkeley

for a number of years, the first real damage to growing plants

came to the attention of the writer during the month of June

of the current year. The injury consisted in the destruction of

flowering buds of carnations in great numbers. The earwigs

ascended the plants at night and ate out the bases of the bud,

in most cases destroying them completely. The presence of

the earwig is being watched with considerable concern, chiefly

because of the damage reported to flowers and horticultural

crops in Washington and Oregon. Inasmuch as the infestation

has been generally limited to areas near the Bay, where little

or no gardening is done, there has been no great opportunity

for serious damage. As the pest spreads, however, to the resi-

dential districts, it is not unlikely that more serious injury will

be reported.

The question of control and extermination has been discussed

with the officials of the State Department of Agriculture. An

agreement was reached a year ago, whereby an inspection of

the Bay district was decided upon, but lack of funds and inspec-

tors caused a delay in this procedure. Extermination is prob-

ably impossible, but it may be favorable to conduct a control

campaign to prevent the spread of the insect throughout the

State. — E. O. Essig.

Beet Army-Worm on Cotton

The beet army-worm, Laphygma exigua (Hubner) [L. Havi-

maculata (Harvey)], occurred in great numbers on several

thousands of acres of cotton in the vicinity of Bakersfield dur-

ing the month of May. Very serious damage was being done

to the young cotton plants, many fields of which were entirely

destroyed.

In addition to the beet army-worn there was also present in

considerable numbers the yellow-striped army-worm., Prodenia

prcefica Grote, which was particularly abundant along ditch

banks and roadways.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

A conference of entomologists resulted in the recommenda-

tion of poison bran mash, which was first broadcasted and later

drilled into the rows with seed drills. This material gave com-

plete control, and the situation was cleared up almost immedi-

ately. Caterpillars were fed and adult moths reared which con-

formed in every way to the adults of the beet army-worm. —

E. O. Essig.

The Currant Moth on Peanuts

Large shipments of peanuts infested with the currant moth,

Ephestia elutella Hiibner, were repeatedly received at the San

Francisco port from China, during the fall of 1924. The out-

breaks were checked by fumigation, but litigation involving hun-

dreds of thousands of dollars grew out of the shipments. This

is another instance of a questionable practice causing a heavy

financial loss to both the shippers and carriers. The trade gener-

ally recognizes the danger of importing peanuts from the Orient

during the late summer, and it is the ignoring of such well-

founded customs, by those willing to take long chances, that

leads to the destruction of good food and the introduction into

this country of dangerous insects. — E. R. deOng.

The Alder Flea Beetle

The alder flea beetle, Haltica bimarginata Say, has been par-

ticularly abundant and destructive in various parts of Northern

California this summer. Near Middletown, California,, it de-

foliated all of the alders along the streams for a distance of ten

miles. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

The Monterey Cypress Bark-Beetle

The Monterey cypress bark-beetle, Phlaeosinus cupressi

Hopk., has heavily attacked, and practically killed, a number

of Monterey cypresses on the University of California campus

this last summer. Old cypress logs piled in the neighborhood

enabled a large brood to develop which, with the beginning of

spring, attacked the trees, those which were weakened by

drought readily succumbing. This beetle is destructive only

when large broods have been enabled to develop by allowing

dead trees or timber to remain in the neighborhood of the living.

— Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee^ Editor F. E. Blaisdell^ M. D., Treasurer

The annual affiliation meeting of the Pacific Coast Ento-

mological Society was held at Portland, Oregon, June 17, 1925,

in connection with the meetings of the Pacific Division of the

A. A. A. S. In all, more than forty entomologists were in

attendance at this meeting, which proved to be an exceptionally

interesting one. There was a full program of papers, crowding

the morning and afternoon sessions. This meeting was followed

by a two days’ meeting of the Western Division of the Ameri-

can Association of Economic Entomologists, which was equally

well attended, with a full and interesting program.

A number of our entomologists from about the Bay region

have been in the field this summer, and the net results will be

a very considerable addition to our local collections. Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke and E. P. Van Duzee spent the ten days before the

Portland meetings, working along the Oregon coast from Wald-

port to Astoria, and after the meetings Dr. Van Dyke spent

another two weeks working on Mt. Hood, Oregon, and Mt.

Adams, Washington, and vicinity. Mr. C. L. Fox is spending

a month collecting about Pullman, Washington, and Moscow,

Idaho, and other nearby places. Dr. F. E. Blaisdell went by

auto to Seattle, Washington, and Vancouver Island, and Pro-

fessor G. F. Ferris is spending several months cruising along

the Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America, with a small

party who will make many landings for field work in geology

and entomology. Dr. Ernest H. Nast spent a month col-

lecting neuropteroid insects in the Sierra, and Mr. J. O.

Martin made a short excursion to the Coast about Areata,

California, after coleopterous material. The material taken

by Mr. Van Duzee, Dr. Van Dyke, and much of that taken

by Mr. Fox and others, will enrich the museum of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences.

Mr. A. J. Basinger of Riverside, California, has presented

to the entomological department of the California Academy of

Sciences a collection of over 2200 insects, including a very

valuable and most welcome series of Alaskan Diptera.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 1

Mr. H. H. Keifer, Assistant Curator of Entomology at the

California Academy of Sciences, acting as entomologist on the

Academy’s Revillagigedos expedition, returned on June 12

with a fine lot of insects taken during the two months the expedi-

tion was in the field. This material is now being mounted, and

a fuller report on it will be included in the next number of this

Journal.

Mr. Walter M. Giffard of Honolulu has been a most welcome

visitor at the California Academy of Sciences this summer.

He and Mrs. Gififard spent two months in San Francisco, re-

turning home on June 24. As is his custom when here, Mr.

Giffard spent much time and effort advancing the interests of

the entomological department of the Academy. Mr. F. X. Wil-

liams of Honolulu has also been spending some time in San

Francisco and improving the opportunity to do some work on

the Hymenoptera in the collection of the Academy of Sciences.

Another welcome visitor at the Academy was Professor J. B.

Parker of Washington, D. C., who spent a part of July working

over the Bembicidae in the Academy collection. Our local

entomologists have also been favored with a brief visit by

Mr. George P. Engelhardt of the Brooklyn Museum, who

was making a hasty tour of the Pacific Coast region from

Oregon to Arizona.

The recent death of Mr. Ralph E. Dodge of Exeter, Cali-

fornia, is a real loss to Western entomology. Mr. Dodge

was an enthusiastic collector of the Lepidoptera, his special

interest being in the moths. He had been working in con-

junction with his father, Mr. E. A. Dodge of Santa Cruz,

California, in building up a collection of our California

moths which was rapidly becoming one of the best in the

State. Our Western entomologists will feel that their

branch of science has sustained a serious loss in the death

of young Mr. Dodge, and will unite in extending S 5 ^mpathy

to the bereaved family.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York . .

We offer our best-made g'enuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts. Insects and Insect

collections, ‘and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

Eor Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages, $5.

Address: Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

From California Academy of Sciences, Proceeding's, Series 4

Williams, F. X., Butterflies and Hawk-Moths of the Galapagos

Islands. 33 pages, colored plate. 1911. 50 cents.

Hebard, Morgan, Dermaptera and Orthoptera (of the Galapagos

Islands). 35 pages Illust. 1920. $1.

Ferris, G. F., A Catalogue and Host List of the Anoplura. 84

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Essig, E. O., and Kuwana, S. I., Some Japanese Aphididse. 77

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Aldrich, J. M., Kelp Flies of North America. 22 pages, Illust.

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Address: California Academy of Sciences,

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VoL II

October, 1925

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HERMS, ENTOMOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON FANNING AND WASHINGTON

ISLANDS 49

CHAMBERLIN, NOTES ON SOME CENTIPEDS AND MILLIPEDS FROM UTAH . . 55

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NOTES ON LOPHOCERAMICA ARTEGA BARNES . . 63

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, A NEW PYRALID FROM CALIFORNIA, WITH NOTES

ON DECATURIA PECTINALIS B, & MCD 64

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OF CARABID^ IN THE SUBFAMILY HARPALIN^

CHIEFLY FROM NORTH AMERICA 65

BLAISDELL, REVISED CHECK-LIST OF THE SPECIES OF ELEODES INHABITING

AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO 77

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, THE HYPERBOREUS GROUP OF HEPIALUS ... 81

CHAMBERLIN, A NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOSAPHES FROM CHINA .... 85

WACHTER, THE HATCHING OF THE EGGS OF PERIPSOCUS CALIFORNICUS BANKS 87

BLAISDELL, TFIOMAS LINCOLN CASEY 90

ESSIG, ECONOMIC NOTES 92

LARSON, FURTHER NOTES ON HUMAN SUFFERING CAUSED BY MITES ... 93

EDITORIAL 96

San Francisco, California

1925

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

I-

<-*v

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. II, No. 2 October, 1925

ENTOMOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON FANNING

AND WASHINGTON ISLANDS, TOGETHER

WITH GENERAL BIOLOGICAL NOTES

BY W. B, HERMS

University of California, Berkeley

The equatorial coral islands of the mid-Pacific Ocean offer

much of interest to the biologist. They are for the most part

unstudied biologically, being off the main routes of travel and

generally more or less difficult to approach. The rather isolated

group with which we are concerned in this paper consists of

the following small islands : Christmas, nearest the equator.

Fanning, Washington and Palmyra, extending from Lat. 1° 57'

to 5° 49' North and Long. 157° 27' to 162° 11' West. With

the exception of the latter, this group is governmentally a part

of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (British), and the inhabitants

are mainly Gilbertese.

The group was visited by the writer during the summer of

1924, and the voyage was made on a copra vessel, a small

British motor schooner, under sail practically the entire dis-

tance from San Francisco to Fanning Island. The trip required

twenty-three days. The stay on the islands lasted about three

months, very largely on Fanning, affording an unusual oppor-

tunity for the study of its fauna and flora. On the return trip

the Hawaiian Islands were visited, adding much to the value

of the investigation because of the opportunity to compare cer-

tain material in hand with collections in Honolulu, both from

the Hawaiian Islands and the Society Islands, about midway

between which the islands under consideration are situated, i. e.,

separated from these groups by distances of from about 850 to

1200 miles.

Fanning Island is a typical coral atoll, consisting of a narrow

rim of land hardly three- fourths of a mile wide at the most

and enclosing a very beautiful lagoon, opening into the ocean

at three points, thus forming in reality a circle of three narrow

islands. The entire island is approximately ten and one-half

miles long by five and one-half miles wide, with an external

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

circumference of about thirty-one miles. It comprises about

8500 acres, of which over 3200 acres are in coconuts. Wash-

ington Island is about four and one-half miles in length by

one and one-half miles wide, with an external circumference of

about ten miles. This island encloses a shallow fresh-water

lake about two miles long, with an average width of about half

a mile. The highest elevation of either of these islands is not

over twelve feet. Since practically all of our collecting was

done on these two islands, a description of the other islands will

be omitted.

The total annual rainfall for Fanning Island for 1918 was

slightly over 102 inches, for 1923 it was slightly over 66 inches,

and for the first eight months of 1924 it was above 55 inches.

The temperature ranges from about 78° F. at night to about

85° F. at noon, with very little variation throughout the year,

except an occasional day when more than 90° F., or a night

when 70° F. may be reached. The annual mean temperature is

slightly in excess of 81° F. The humidity is seldom below 70.

As might be expected, the flora of these coral islands is very

meager in species, although the vegetation in some places pre-

sents tropical luxuriance, notably on Washington and Palmyra

Islands. The writer and an assistant collected forty-six out of

the fifty-four known species of plants from this group of

islands, only two small collections having been made previously.

Of this total number of species, eleven have been introduced

purposely, among them Cocos nucifera Linn,, Musa sapientum

Linn., Artocarpiis communis Forst., Carica papaya Linn., and

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Fourteen species have been acci-

dentally introduced, among them Euphorbia hirta Linn., Eu-

phorbia prostrata Ait., Sida fallax Walp and V ernonia cinerea

Less.

According to Dean E. D. Merrill, who identified all the spe-

cies collected by the writer, about twenty-nine may safely be

considered as native species. Most of the bush, which in some

places forms almost impenetrable thickets, consists of such

native species as the Umbrella {T ournef ortia argentea Einn. f.),

which may reach the height of great trees, Buka {Pisonia

grandis R. Br.), also occasionally occurring as tall trees, and

Nashu (Sccevola kcenigi Krause). The screw pine {Pandanus

tectorius Sol.) is also a conspicuous part of the vegetation in

OCTOBER, 1925]

HERMS FANNING ISLANDS

some parts of the islands. The coconut, however, dominates all,

and is never out of sight.

With this rather poor flora as a basis for support, the num-

ber of species of insects dependent directly or indirectl)'' on

plant food is naturally not very great, but the paucity in the

number of species is generally well balanced by the abundance

of individuals in a given species, notably ants. The same thing

may be said relative to the fauna in general. The number of

species of native birds is relatively small, there being only thir-

teen species on these islands (eleven sea birds, and two land

birds) exclusive of migrants. The number of individuals is,

however, very great and at times the sky is literally clouded

with birds, almost wholly fish-eating. The noddy tern {Anous

stolidus) is most numerous, and three species of boobies (Sula

leucogastra, Sula dactylatra and Sula piscator) occur in abun-

dance, while the booby’s arch-enemy, the man-o’-war hawk or

frigate bird (Fregata minor palmerstoni is ever present. A rare

species of paraquet (Vinus kuhlii) , a most exquisite creature

is rapidly growing less in numbers, though still fairly abundant.

The very beautiful tropic bird or bo’s’n bird (two species,

Phcethon lepturus and PhcEthon rubricaiida) is fairly common

in this region.

The ground almost everywhere is full of crab holes, and as

one approaches these, the ludicrous omnivorous land crab (Car-

disoma obesum) sidles away and disappears in its burrow.

Hermit crabs (Ccrnobita rugosa) are exceedingly abundant and

pestiferous, apparently attacking almost anything. The so-called

coconut crab (Birgus latro) , a large and powerful species, is

rapidly becoming extinct, but may still be seen climbing coconut

trees at night, hiding in holes in the ground and cavities of

trees during the day. Two species each of gheckos and skinks,

usually measuring not over five or six inches in length, are

remarkably abundant, and their rather large, white eggs are

frequently encountered in pockets in the rough trunks of the

coconut trees and elsewhere.

Rats (Rpimys alexandrinus) are very numerous and a serious

pest to the coconut industry.

During the practically three months’ stay on these islands

much time was given to the study of coconut pests, particularly

the Tahiti coconut weevil (Diocalandra taitensis Guerin). Rela-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

tively little time remained for much else, however, spare hours

were diligently spent in making collections. Although many

insects were collected and safely brought to Berkeley in pill-

boxes, the total number of species taken is quite disappointingly

small, namely, only about ninety.

These ninety species are distributed somewhat as follows,

with probable corrections after all the material has been care-

fully checked up:

Coleoptera, 31 species, included in the following families:

Staphylinidse (2), Hydrophilidas (1), Cleridae, (1), Nidituli-

dae (1), Cucujidae (2), Dermestidae (1), Cryptophagidae (1),

Ostomidae (1), Coccinellidae (1), Elateridae (3), Odomeridae

(4), Tenebrionidae (3), Scarabaeidae (1), Cerambycidae (1),

Anthribidae (1), Curculionidae (5), Scolytidae (2).

Diptera, 12 species, included in the following families : Culi-

cidas (2), Tipulidae (2), Dolichopodidae (2), Ortalidae (1),

Sarcophagidae (1), Muscidae (1), Calliphoridae (2), Hippo-

boscidae (1).

Hymenoptera, 10 species in the following families : Apidae

(1), Formicidae (7), Evaniidae (1), Chalcididae (1).

Hemiptera, 8 species in the following families : Pentatomidae

(1), Cydnidae (1), Miridae (1), Nabidae (1), Coccidae (4).

Orthoptera, 8 species in the following families : Blattidae (5),

Tettigoniidae (1), Gryllidae (1), Forficulidae (1).

Lepidoptera, 7 species in the following families: Noctuidae

(4), Sphingidae (1), Nymphalidae (2).

Isoptera, 2 species.

Mallophaga, 3 species.

Anoplura, 1 species.

Odonata, 3 species.

Thysanura, 2 species.

BUTTERFLIES

Although one specimen of the milkweed butterfly {Danaus

archippus) , taken on Fanning Island, appears in my collection,

the specimen having been given to my assistant, Mr. Kirby, by

a native, none was actually seen by either of us, and the pres-

ence of this one specimen is rather puzzling. On the other hand,

the beautiful Hypolimnas bolina Linn, occurs rather abundantly,

though restricted in range, in certain localities on Fanning. I

took all three color phases during my stay on this island. So

OCTOBER, 1925] HERMS FANNING ISLANDS

far as I know, the sole food plant of the larvae on this island

is Sida fallax Walp, an accidentally introduced weed called

“kaura” by the native Gilbertese.

The natives were greatly impressed by the fact that the writer

reared in his room the beautiful “tebuba” (butterfly) from the

ugly ‘‘worm” which feeds on the “kaura.” Although I do not

kpow how long the larval period is, the pupal period is quite

short, for example, two caterpillars pupated Sunday, June 8

(1924), between 8:45 a. m. and 9 a. m., and emerged early

Monday morning, June 16, giving a pupal period of eight days.

The type locality for this species is the Indo-Malayan region.

It occurs in Madagascar and western China.

MOSQUITOES

Mosquitoes (Aedes) were very abundant and annoying on

Washington Island where they breed primarily in the rain

receptacles, from which the water is taken for drinking and

general domestic purposes. The natives dig shallow water holes,

“temanipa,” in which mosquitoes (Culex) breed in enormous

numbers, particularly on Fanning, where these water holes are

of frequent occurrence.

HEAD LICE

Head lice {Pediculus capitis) are very abundant among the

native Gilbertese. These lice are distinctly brownish black in

color, as may be seen from the specimens taken from natives

on Fanning Island. The lice are considered a delicacy by the

natives. If it were not so disgusting, I might go into consider-

able detail to describe the instances in which I witnessed the

evidently joyous tete-a-tetes in which this form of delousing

was in progress.

TERMITES

Two species of termites were taken on Fanning Island,

namely, Kalotermes immigrans Snyder, a Hawaiian species,

and Cryptotermes hermsi sp. nov. (named by Kirby ^). Only

one nest of the former was found in which these insects were

tunneling in the hard wood of a prostrate log of Tournefortia,

the Umbrella tree. The second species was common and abun-

dant in decayed logs and stumps of coconut and Tournefortia.

Cryptotermes hermsi Kirby is a close relative of the Oriental

1 Kirby, Jr., Harold, 1925. Cryptotermes hermsi sp. nov., a termite

from Fanning- Island. University of California Publications in Zoology,

Vol. 26, No. 23, pp. 437-441. T-welve figures in text.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

termites and is interesting because of its occurrence on Fan-

ning and its absence both from the Hawaiian Islands and Aus-

tralia, with which Fanning Island has maritime contact. This

species is said to differ markedly from Cryptotermes primus

Hill of Australia, and even more decidedly from Cryptotermes

piceatus Snyder of the Hawaiian Islands. It is closely related

to Cryptotermes kotoensis Oshima, an Oriental species.

BLISTERING BEETLES

Shortly after boarding the vessel which was to take me to

Fanning Island, I was told about a beetle which blisters on

contact, and is very common. Not long after my arrival I

learned from experience that this was the case. Myriads of

individuals of two species of Sessinia swarm about the newly

opened male flowers of the coconut, feeding on pollen. These

two species are Sessinia collaris (Shp.) and Sessinia decolor

Fairm., both of which are locally called coconut beetles. Both

of these species were readily attracted by a strong electric light,

which was led from the ship to the land for the purpose of

collecting insects. Sessinia decolor certainly causes severe blis-

tering if, for example, it is slapped when crawling on the

forearm while collecting specimens. A specimen came in con-

tact with my forearm on the evening of May 20 (1924) and

was rather lightly brushed away, but the following day a large

blister appeared, measuring about three-quarters of an inch in

length by one-quarter inch in breadth, considerably elevated

and filled with clear liquid. I opened the blister and applied

iodine. The blister did not cause any appreciable pain.

A more detailed study of the species of insects taken on these

islands is in progress and will be published shortly, together

with observations concerning their geographical distribution.

NOTE ON OPUNTIA INSECTS

Doctor H. G. Dyar has just indicated the identity of “Meli-

tara sp.,” page 5, Vol H, this journal. For this form the name,

holla Zeller, is available, but Doctor Dyar considers it advisable

to treat it as a variety of the Florida prodenialis Walker. The

Florida form is, then, Melitara prodenialis prodenialis Walker,

while the Texan “Melitara sp.” is Melitara prodenialis hollii

Zeller. — J. C. Hamlin.

OCTOBER, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIOPODA

NOTES ON SOME CENTIPEDS AND MILLIPEDS

FROM UTAH

BY RALPH V. CPIAMBERLIN

The centipeds and millipeds noticed in this paper were col-

lected mostly by the writer during the spring of 1924, the

greater portion of them coming from Washington County and

adjacent parts of southv/estern Utah. To these were added

specimens collected in the same region by Mr. V. M. Tanner,

to whom I wish here to express my thanks. In addition to the

material from southern Utah, the paper deals also with some

forms taken by myself farther north, chiefly in Salt Lake and

Cache Counties, Utah.

CHILOPODA

Oabius paiutus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Brown to yellow, the head and posterior legs tending to have an

orange tinge. Antennas short; composed of twenty articles. Ocelli

five or six, in two series, the single ocellus enlarged. Ventral spines

of first legs, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1-0, 0, 1, 1 (2), 1. Dorsal spines of twelfth legs,

0, 0, 3, 1, 1. Dorsal spines of penult legs, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1; ventral, 0, 1,

2, 3, 2; claws, 2. Dorsal spines of anal legs 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; ventral,

0, 1, 3, 2, 0; claw single. None of the coxae laterally armed. Claw

of gonopods of female tripartite, but the outer lobe almost obliter-

ated, the claw for the most part appearing essentially bipartite, the

lobes short; basal spines, 2 + 2. Anal legs of male unmodified.

Length, up to 7 mm.

Locality. Utah: Parowan Canyon. May, 1924. Many

specimens.

Tidabius zionicus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Agrees with To. honvillens'is Chamb. and differs from other species

of the genus in having the basal spines of the female gonopods

3 + 3. It differs from honmllensis in having only two claws on the

anal legs instead of three. Articles of antennae up to thirt 3 '', mostly

verj^ short. Ocelli few, in two series. Third article of first four

pairs of legs unarmed ventrally. Ventral spines of anal legs, 0, 1,

3, 2, 0. Dorsal spines of penult legs, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0. Length, up to

8.25 mm.

Locality. Utah: Zion National Park. May, 1924.

Lophobius ioganus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Dorsum yellowish brown; head more orange anteriorly. Legs yel-

low, the caudal pair of an orange tinge. Ocelli eleven, in three series;

e. g., 1+2, 5, 3. Ventral spines of first legs, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2. Dorsal

spines of twelfth legs, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1. Ventral spines of penult legs,

0, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1. Dorsal spines of anal legs 1, 0, 3,

1, 0; ventral, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0; the claw unarmed. Last three pairs of

56 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. II, NO. 2

coxae dorsally armed; only the last coxae laterally armed. In the

male the anal legs have the last joint furrowed along the mesal side,

as in the next species; the fourth joint is also similarly modified,

bearing a dorsal lobe at distal end, its mesal surface broadly fur-

rowed, also furrowed along ectal surface above. Length, 12 mm.

Locality. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. One male

and two smaller females.

Nearly related to L. francisccE, but differing decidedly in

color, in being broader behind and thus more attenuated cepha-

lad, in having only the last coxae laterally armed, in having the

ventral spines of anal legs, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0 instead of 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, etc.

Lophobius franciscae Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Allied to L. collium (Chamberlin). It differs from that species

obviously, in being reddish or chestnut instead of yellow or orange.

It differs from that species also, in having the ventral spines of the

anal legs normally 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, instead of 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, though the

latter formula may occasionally hold; also in having only the last

two instead of the last three coxae laterally armed. Antennae nor-

mally with twenty articles, but varying up to twenty-six, the num-

ber tending to differ in such cases on the two sides. Basal spines

of female gonopods, 2 2 or 3 -b 3. In the anal legs of both sexes

the last article is furrowed along the mesal side. In the anal leg

of male the fourth article is conspicuously thickened and is broadly

furrowed or excavated on mesal side, the excavation limited above

by a ridge-like margin somewhat as in collium ; at the distal end,

above a conspicuous process or lobe. Length, 13 mm.

Locality. Cedar City, Utah. May, 1924.

Named for Mrs. Frances (Brown) Chamberlin.

PoKABius UTAHENSis (Chamberlin)

Localities. Utah: Bear Lake. Many females. Also Logan

Canyon. Many specimens, both males and females, but the

females much predominating.

A form abundant under damp leaves in shaded places along

canyon streams in the northern part of the State.

Lithobius forficatus Linne

Locality. Utah : San Pete County, Fairview. Many speci-

mens.

This introduced species has become common about settle-

ments in the more northern part of the State.

Gosibius arizonensis Chamberlin

Localities. Parowan and Cedar Canyons. May. Only males

secured.

The specimens agree closely with Arizona individuals, though

OCTOBER, 1925] CHAMBERLIN MYRIOPODA

apparently somewhat smaller. The spines of the anal legs in

one adult male 0, 1, 3, 3, 1 instead of 0, 1, 3, 2, 1,

Ethopolys parowanus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Related to E. bipunctatus (Wood), occurring in northern Utah and

in Nevada, in having none of the dorsal plates produced. It is a

smaller form with shorter antennje. It differs in having only one

tooth ectad of the prosternal spine, the usual formula being from

1 — 4+4 — 1 to 1 — 6+6 — 1. It is also characterized by having the

claw of the female gonopods entire, or essentially so, instead of

tripartite; basal spines in adults 3, 3, more rarely 2 + 3 or 2 + 2.

Ventral spines of anal legs, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0 or 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw single.

Ventral spines of penult legs, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal spines, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1;

claws, three. Length, 21 mm.

Localities. Utah: Parowan; also Cedar City. April and

May. Many specimens.

Bothropolys permundus Chamberlin

Localities. Utah: Mill Creek Canyon, Logan Canyon, Bear

Lake.

Many specimens of this species were taken in each of these

localities. It is one of the most common chilopods of the Wah-

satch Mountains.

Kethops leioceps Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Differs from K. utahensis, the genotype, in wholly lacking both the

paired and the unpaired sulci on cephalic plate. First dorsal plate

similar, in having a cervical sulcus and paired sulci that branch and

together form a W behind the cervical sulcus. Last dorsal plate

wider at caudal than at anterior end, its caudal margin convexly

bowed out in the middle, not emarginate. Last ventral plate strongly

narrowed caudad. Coxopleurae with caudal process short; scattered

short spines. The anal legs in general form as in utahensis; the

joints broad but not furrowed ventrally; femur with a median ven-

tral area free from spines, toward mesal side of ventral surface a

series of four stout spines or teeth. Tibia also with a series of four

ventral teeth. Metatarsus with a ventral series of close-set teeth,

not with an edge excised at middle as in utahensis. Length, 24 mm.

Locality. Utah: Mill Creek Canyon. One specimen.

Theatops posticus (Say)

Locality. Utah: Washington County. May. One specimen.

This species is very common in the Southeastern States, but

has not been known previously from the West.

Otocryptops sexspinosus (Say)

Locality. Utah: Zion National Park. May. One young

specimen.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

There is little doubt that the specimen is correctly referred,

although the margiiiation of the head is obscure. The species

is common, both in the Eastern and Southeastern States and on

the Pacific Coast.

SCOLOPENDRA POLYMORPHA Wood

Localities. Utah : Washington, St. George and Zion National

Park. April and May, 1924.

This species ranges northward in the State as far as Salt

Lake City. The Utah specimens are dwarfed, in comparison

with those found in Arizona and southern California.

Scolopendra utahana Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Head without longitudinal sulci, smooth and shining, obscurely

finely punctate. Antennas short; articles twenty, of which only the

first four are nearly glabrous. First dorsal plate with a strongly

marked cervical sulcus like that of S. polymorpha; without longitu-

dinal sulci. Last dorsal plate short and broad; with a fine median

longitudinal impressed line. Dental plates of prosternum each with

four teeth, of which the three innermost are united at base. Anal

legs short; femur short and thick with about fifteen seriate spines

ventrally, none on mesal surface except the series of five teeth along

dorso-mesal edge; process at dorso-distal corner bearing only two

teeth, which are long. Length, 45 mm.

Locality. Utah: Zion National Park. May.

Resembles S. polymorpha Wood, but readily distinguished,

in having only the first four articles of antennae glabrous instead

of eight or more, in having the distal process of femora of anal

legs with only two spines, and in having the mesal surface of

femora free from spines.

Nyctunguis molinor Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Body yellow, near orange, the middle and posterior segments also

of an orange or red tinge. The cephalic plate longer than wide,

longer than in liber colens, a species it resembles; widest in front of

middle from where more strongly narrowed caudad than cephalad;

anterior margin forming an obtuse angle. Prebasal plate exposed.

All joints of prehensors unarmed; claws when closed failing con-

siderably of attaining the front margin of head. Labrum wide, some-

what as in libercolens, but the median arc deeper and shorter, the

teeth proportionately larger and fewer, t 3 ^pically ten in number. Ven-

tral pores present on anterior plates, forming a small circular area

on each plate. Last ventral plate broadly trapeziform, not strongly

narrowed caudad. The coxal pores two on each side, homogenous,

the anterior one covered by last ventral plate, the posterior one

partly covered; posterior gland much larger than the anterior one.

Pairs of legs, 47 (6), 49 (2). Length, 17 mm.

OCTOBER, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIOPODA

Locality. Utah : At mouth o£ Mill Creek Canyon. One

male and one female. May.

Geophilus shoshoneus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

A species resembling the Eastern G. mordax, but a much smaller

form, easily distinguished in not having the prebasal plate exposed,

the cephalic plate extending well over it. Claws of prehensors, when

closed, attaining anterior margin of head. Prosternum and joints of

prehensors unarmed. Chitinous lines present on prosternum, fine.

Antennae short. Ventral pores of sternites numerous, forming a

transverse band broadest at middle in front of posterior margin.

Last ventral plate wide, the posterior margin a little indented at

middle. Coxal pores four or five on each side close to margin of

plate, with no isolated single pore such as is characteristic of mordax.

Pairs of legs, 55-57. Length, 20 mm.

Locality. Utah : Logan Canyon and on the divide between

this canyon and Bear Lake Valley. Two specimens.

Geophilus rubens Say

Locality. Utah: Washington County. Three specimens.

May.

A species also met with frequently in Arizona. The Utah

specimens agree with those from Arizona, in usually lacking a

geminate black stripe along dorsum.

Linot^nia chionophila (Wood)

? Geophilus acuminatus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1814, 11,

p. 386.

Strigamia chionophila Wood, Journ. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1862, 5, p. 50.

LinotcEuia miuropus Chamberlin, Amer. Nat., 1902.

Scolioplanes acuminatus Attenis, Arkiv for Zoologi, 1909, 5, No. 3,

p. 25.

Linotcenia chionophila Chamberlin, Can. Ent., 1911, p. 260.

Localities. Utah: Parowan, one male; Trout Creek, two

specimens ; Bear Lake, one male ; Logan, many specimens.

All specimens examined have thirty-nine or forty-one pairs of

legs, excepting one specimen from Logan Canyon, which seems

also variant in other respects.

Gnathomerium xenoporus (Chamberlin)

Localities. Utah : Parowan, Cedar City, Mill Creek Canyon,

Logan Canyon. Many specimens.

This is evidently the most common geophilid in the canyons

of Utah, where it is often abundant in leaf mold along streams.

It occurs also in Colorado and New Mexico.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

DIPLOPODA

Parajulus canadensis (Newport)

Locality, Utah: Mill Creek Canyon, April. Two males.

This is a common species in eastern Canada and adjacent

parts of the United States, but it has not previously been found

west of the Rocky Mountains.

Parajulus tiganus Chamberlin

Localities. Utah: Mill Creek Canyon, Provo Canyon, Logan

Canyon, and Bear Lake. Many specimens.

This is probably the commonest diplopod in the State. It has

not been found as far south as Cedar City, however, where it

seems to be largely replaced by P. paiutus, a new species here

described.

Parajulus paiutus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

This is a smaller form than P. tiganus. The color is brownish with

a row of black spots along each side, corresponding to the repug-

natorial glands, and a median dorsal longitudinal black line. A gemi-

nate lighter band across dorsum between the lateral spots on each

segment. Last segment darker, blackish. Legs yellow. Antennae

blackish. Distocaudal corner of cardo of mandible in male conspicu-

ously produced, not excavated, the angle narrowly rounded. First

legs thickened as usual, but less so than in tiganus. Gonopods of

male of very different form from those of tiganus, being more like

those of P. nigrans. Both lobes of anterior pair short; posterior lobe

glabrous, narrower than anterior, a little bent forward distally. Pos-

terior gonopods narrowed distally, a little curved caudad distally,

the seminiferous duct opening at the caudally directed tip, much as

in nigrans. Number of segments, 54. Length, male, 27 mm.

Localities. Utah: Parowan, nine specimens, in part not

adult, taken in canyon above the town; Cedar City, four speci-

mens also taken in canyon above town; and Zion National Park,

one female.

Tylobolus utahensis Chamberlin, sp. nov.

A form more slender than usual in the genus, the length being

ten times the thickness. Brown in color, the metazonites darker

brown, with a tendency toward chestnut, the ectal caudal border

paler. Repugnatorial glands showing as blackish spots on the sides,

especially in the posterior region. Legs brown. Collum much nar-

rowed at each end. Coxse of third legs in male with the usual uncate

processes, the immediately following coxae also produced. Median

plate of anterior gonopods of male distally pointed, much exceeded

by the coxal plates, which are contiguous at middle and each of

which at its mesal corner is produced ventrad. The telopodite is

OCTOBER, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIOPODA

somewhat enlarged at distal (mesal) end, but is only a little bent

caudad at the end, not uncate. In the posterior gonopods the ter-

minal hook or blade is smooth; at base of hook in the angle is a

stout angular projection or tooth; the bent portion proximad of

blade finely scabrous. Number of segments, 51-53. Length, 54 mm.;

width, 5.2 mm. Female allotype, 7 mm. thick.

Locality. Utah: Zion National Park. Five adult males,

two adult females, and two young specimens,

Nannole uta (Chamberlin)

Locality, Utah : Little Willow Canyon.

Diploiulus luscus (Meinert)

Locality. Utah: Mill Creek.

Many specimens were taken on cultivated ground below

mouth of the canyon. The species is now not uncommon in

other places near Salt Lake City. A native of Europe, it is

frequently brought to this country in soil about the roots of

plants from Holland and other European countries. It long

ago became established in the Eastern States and has now

extended its range to California. It occurs only in settled or

cultivated districts.

Scytonotus orthodox Chamberlin, sp. nov.

General color brown, in part of a weakly reddish tinge. Legs yel-

low. The second tergite bearing four well-developed series of tuber-

cles; the anterior corners of keels produced along ends of collum,

acute; lateral crenuations weak, with a translucent margin. In ter-

gites of the middle region of body a transverse sulcus distinctly

marked, behind the sulcus with three or in part four rows of well-

developed tubercles, but in front of the sulcus the tubercles are low

and are in part obliterated. Prozonites nearly smooth, the granules

numerous, but very small or obscure. Distinguishable in structure

of the male gonopods; the two blades equal in length, rather slender,

the posterior one bidentate apically on caudal side, the teeth acute;

anterior branch apically acute, with caudal margin straight and an-

terior convex. Gonopods very similar to those of S. amandus; but

in the latter the branches are unequal, the dentate one being obvi-

ously shorter and its teeth closer together.

Localities. Utah : Logan Canyon, five adult males and three

partly grown specimens; Bear Lake, about eighteen specimens,

male and female, with some immature.

The young specimens do not show any reduction of the tuber-

cles in front of the suture.

Spirostrephon utorum Chamberlin, sp. nov.

The color is light yellowish brown without distinct markings. Be-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

tween the median keel and the thickened porigerous keel on each

side of a typical segment there are three major setigerous keels, with

a much lower non-setigerous keel between each two major ones;

the porigerous keel much higher than these more mesal keels and

its margin conspicuously convex in profile instead of nearly straight;

below each porigerous keel two somewhat similarly high setigerous

keels with a low, non-setigerous keel between these and one above

the upper one; below on the side other non-setigerous keels which

become lower in going ventrad. The major keels in profile are seen

to be serrate or dentate. Number of segments, sixty.

Locality. Utah: Green River. One male. R. V. Chamber-

lin, Jr., collection 1920.

Apparently related to S. mutans of Southern California; but

aside from more technical structural differences, it is conspicu-

ously distinct in coloration and in the greater number of seg-

ments to the body.

Tingupa utahensis australis Chamberlin, subsp. nov.

In the absence of males a wholly certain determination of the

position of this form is not possible. It agrees in general structure,

the form and sculpturing of the tergites, etc., with typical utahensis

from the northern part of the State, but it is a larger and more

robust form. Color brown, the caudal border of metazonites paler,

as is the prozonite in the constricting furrow adjacent to metazonite.

Sixth and seventh articles of antennse equal in length, the fifth much

longer and distally slightly thicker than the sixth. The eye-patch is

differently shaped, being trapeziform rather than triangular, with the

dorsal side, rather than that along caudal margin, longest; ocelli in

the holotype in six or seven vertical series instead of in four; e. g.,

beginning with most caudal row, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1; and in four or five

transverse, somewhat curving, series, e. g., beginning at top, 1, 7,

5, 3, 1. Length, about 9 mm.

Locality. Cedar City, Utah. One female taken in the can-

yon. May.

Underwoodia tida Chamberlin, sp. nov.

A much smaller form than hespera, differing superficially also in

being distinctly paler in color on the sides below level of pores than

on dorsum; finely mottled. Legs dusky yellow. Antennae of same

color as legs. Head dark above in frontal region with numerous fine,

pale dots, clypeus yellow. Sixth joint of anteniiEe decidedly thicker

and longer than the seventh. Ocelli in a triangular patch with apex

mesad; thirteen in number, arranged in three or four oblique series,

e. g., 6, 5, 2 or 1, 5, 5, 2. Collum not distinctly margined below.

Length, 6 mm.

Locality. Utah: Logan Canyon.

OCTOBER, 1925]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIOPODA

Underwoodia hespera Chamberlin, sp. nov.

The body in general is brown, with the nietazonites darker, light

spots on each side indistinct. Head dark, black, or nearly so. Legs

dusky over yellow or light brown, the antennae blackish. In the

antennae the sixth article is narrower than the fifth and is obviously

and considerably longer than the seventh instead of being equal to

it, as is the rule in species of Cleidogona. Ocelli distinct; eighteen,

in five somewhat irregular longitudinal series, as follows: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6;

the patch triangular in outline, with the apex mesad in position.

Body strongly narrowed anteriorly. Collum acutely narrowed down

each side, margined anteriorly on each side, otherwise smooth. Seg-

ments in general smooth, not striate above, under lens seen to be

evenly marked with areas defined by fine lines, the areas mostly from

quadrate to oblong in form. Length, 8 mm.

Locality. Utah: Mill Creek Canyon. One female.

POLYDESMUS MONILICORNIS Koch

Locality. Mill Creek. One immature specimen, apparently

this form, which is common in the Eastern States and Canada.

NOTES ON LOPHOCERAMICA ARTEGA BARNES

(LEPID., PHALAENIDiE)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Lophoceramica ARTEGA Bai'iies

1907, Barnes, Can. Ent., XXXIX, 64, Tricholita.

1908, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 32, Lophoceramica.

1912, Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. N. H. Lep. N. A., I, (4), 21,

pi. IX, f. 20; p. 55, pi. XXVI, f. 11, Lophoceramica.

pallicauda Sm.

1908, Smith, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XVIII (2), 101, Mamestra.

Lophoceramica artega form eriopygoides nov.

artega Auct. (nec Barnes).

1912, Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. N. H'. Lep. N. A., I, (4),

21, pi. IX, f. 19, p. 55, pi. XXVI, f. 10, Lophoceramica.

The form of artega lacking, or practically lacking, the white

on the reniform appears to be causing some confusion, so we

designate it as ej'iopygoides. It is a parallel development to

Chabuata endiva form vespera.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: Holotype 3 ,

Paradise, Cochise County, Arizona, 1-7 July; allotype 2, id.,

1-7 June; 5 3 2 2; paratypes, Paradise, Baboquivari Moun-

tains, Palmerlee, and Patagonia, Arizona, June, August, Sep-

tember.

Note — In Barnes collection ; a single female paratype in Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences, having been submitted for deter-

mination by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

A NEW PYRALID FROM CALIFORNIA, WITH

NOTES ON DECATURIA PECTINALIS

B. & McD. (LEPID., PYRALIDiE,

MACROTHECIN^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Macrotheca lecerfialis Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Ground color white; fore wing with a few scattered black scales;

t. a. line black, single, waved from costa to inner margin; orbicular

represented by a few black scales; reniform obsolete; t. p. line single,

black, nearly erect, little waved, a trace of a blackish s. t. suffusion

subapically; a terminal row of dots; fringe white, with a few black

scales; hind wing only slightly darker than fore wing; discal spot

and median shade obsolete; an obscure terminal line; fringe luteous-

white basally, distally white. Expanse, 9-11 mm.

Allied to hilinealis and flexinealis. Lack of reniform will

easily sort it from the latter, while its much paler coloring and

more erect t. p. line will easily distinguish it from the former.

Type locality : Dixieland, Imperial County, California.

Number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 , 15-30 April, 1922 ;

allotype 2, 1-15 May, 1922; 8 6 paratypes, 15-30 April, 1922.

Note — We take pleasure in naming this species in favor of

M. LeCerf, who extended every courtesy to the senior author

during his stay in Paris.

DeCATURIA PECTINALIS B. & McD.

1912, Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. N. H. Lep. N. A., I (5), 41,

pi. Ill, f. 8, Decaturia.

In the original description of the genus and species the

antennae of the female is described as being simple. A series

of females before us, including the type 2 and four 2

‘‘Cotypes,” proves this to be incorrect. The antennae are decid-

edly strongly lamellate, as that term is applied in Lepidoptera :

viz., dentate.

The type series bore no dates. Specimens have been received

from the Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, April,

May, June, September, and October; and from Clark County,

Nevada, June.

OCTOBER, 1925]

VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

NEW SPECIES OF CARABIDPE IN THE SUBFAMILY

HARPALINiE, CHIEFLY FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Bembidium ccerulescens Van Dyke, new species

Form moderately elongate, gracefully proportioned, slightly con-

vex, shining, nigropiceous with a bluish luster above, especially on

head and prothorax, the antennae, palpi, tibiae, and tarsi brownish.

Head scarcely narrower than the prothorax at apex, alutaceous, e 3 '^es

moderately prominent, antennae slender, about one-half length of

body, frontal grooves single, straight and shallow, mandibles promi-

nent. Prothorax as wide as long, three-fourths as wide as elytra at

base, narrower at base than apex; apex feebly emarginate; sides with

the margins distinctly reflexed, moderately arcuate in front, grad-

ually narrowed and sinuate posteriorly; hind angles slightly obtuse

and not carinate; disc alutaceous with median longitudinal groove

well impressed and abbreviated in front; anterior transverse impres-

sion well defined; area in front of it with a number of longitudinal

rugae; basal impressions broad, deep, indistinctly bistriate, the entire

basal area rugose. Elytra elliptical, three-fifths as broad as long;

humeri distinctly rounded; sides slightly arcuate anteriorly, more

decidedly so posteriorly and but slightly sinuate in front of apex;

disc finely striate, the striae entire and with very vague punctures

anteriorlj'-, the outer ones less deeply impressed, the fifth terminat-

ing in a deep groove; third stria with first dorsal puncture slightly

in front of the middle and second about one-fourth distant from

apex; eighth stria at border of marginal groove, the intervals flat.

Length, 7 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1818, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, kindly presented to me by Mr. Merton C. Lane, who

secured it near the margin of the stream in Niles Canon, Ala-

meda County, California, December 27, 1919. Two paratypes

captured at the same time are in Mr. Lane’s collection.

This very graceful species looks not unlike a small specimen

of Platynus funehris Lee. According to the arrangement of

Roland Hayward,’- it would have to be placed in his Group VH

(planatum) , and close to funerenm Lee., though it is very much

larger, almost as large, in fact, as planatum Lee. It resembles

nigrocoeruleum Hyd. only in color. It is also a more elegantly

formed insect than any other in the group.

1 “On the Species of Bembidium of America North of Mexico,” by

Roland Hayward. Trans. Am. IDnt. Soc., Vol. XXIV (1897), pp. 32-143.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

Bembidium utahensis Van Dyke, new species

Form elongate, depressed, color dark rufous. Head large, but

slightly narrower than the prothorax; eyes small and much flattened,

hardly extending beyond the sides of the head; antennas stout, reach-

ing but two segments beyond the humeri; frontal impressions single,

shallow and lunate; mandibles prominent, porrect; palpi rufocasta-

neous, the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi at least twice as long

as the similar joint in Bembidium laticeps Lee. Prothorax almost a

third broader than long, narrower than elytra at humeri; apex feebly

emarginate; base just perceptibly arcuate; sides moderately arcuate

in front, sinuate posteriorly and parallel for a short distance in front

of base; hind angles right; lateral margin narrow; disc barely con-

vex; median longitudinal groove well impressed, especially pos-

teriorly, and almost completely; anterior and posterior transverse

impressions obsolete; basal impressions deep, with double striae

vaguely defined, most of the basal area somewhat rugose. Elytra

elliptical, somewhat more than a third longer than broad; humeri

rounded but with prominent basal ridge running obliquely inwards,

the margin fine; disc somewhat flattened, all striae present, well

impressed near suture, less defined laterally and apically, and finely

punctate; third stria with two dorsal punctures, the first slightly in

front of the middle, the second somewhat more than a fourth of the

distance from apex; eighth stria in marginal groove. Length, 4.5

mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1819, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, secured near Salt Lake City, Utah, by Professor

R. P. Chamberlin, and kindly presented to me by Dr. William

M. Mann. A second specimen was in the collection of Dr.

Mann.

This beetle has its closest relative in Bembidium laticeps Lee.

and belongs with that and Bembidium puritanum Hyd. It dif-

fers from the former by being larger with the prothorax more

elongate and less broad, the elytra also more elongate, with all

of the striae well defined and finely punctured, whereas in the

other the striae are but vaguely defined. It is interesting to find

the third member of this small group near Great Salt Lake,

laticeps being found near the seashore in southern California

and puritanum in Massachusetts.

Trechus ruficollis Van Dyke, new species

Body rather stout and somewhat convex, shining, rufopiceous;

head and prothorax rufous; antennae, palpi, legs and epipleurae cas-

taneous. Head more than three-fourths as wide as prothorax; eyes

moderately prominent; frontal sulci long, deep and semi-circular;

antennae moderately slender, segments definitely broadened out-

OCTOBER, 1925]

VAN DYKE HARPALINyE

wardly, extending to second fourth of elytra. Prothorax small, not

quite twice as wide as long; sides moderately arcuate anteriorly,

sinuate posteriorly and straight and parallel near base; hind angles

prominent and right, the lateral margin moderately reflexed; disc

with the median longitudinal groove finely impressed, the anterior

transverse impression vague, the posterior pronounced even at

middle, the basal impressions moderately deep and diffuse. Elytra

oval, somewhat truncate at base, almost twice as wide as prothorax

and two-thirds as wide as long; disc with the three inner striae very

fine, though observable and complete and with slight indications of

a fourth stria; third stria with three foveae, the first one-fifth dis-

tant from base, the second at about the middle, and the third close

to the apex. Length, 3.5 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Holotype and three paratypes, bearing the label, Lawrence,

Massachusetts, found among a series of unplaced specimens in

the entomological collection of Cornell University. They were

part of the Crew collection. The holotype and one paratype

will be deposited at Cornell University, and the two remaining

paratypes will remain with me.

This species belongs in the series with arisonce Casey, hydro-

picus Horn, ovipennis Mots., and pomonce Fall, agreeing with

all in the general form and degree of smoothness. It, however,

differs from all by having shorter and heavier antennae, the pro^

thorax more decidedly sinuate posteriorly, approached slightly

in this regard by ai'isonce Casey, the hind angles more promi-

nent, and by being bicolored, the rufous prothorax, in all speci-

mens seen, strongly contrasting with the piceous elytra. It is

possible that, in spite of the definite locality label, these speci-

mens may have come from some other locality, for it seems

strange that such a well-marked species should occur in Massa-

chusetts and remain unknown so long. It does not seem to

agree with any of the European species and, as stated, bears

a strong resemblance to certain American species.

Patroboidea Van Dyke, new genus

Body very elongate, parallel and flattened. Head large, elongate,

gense prominent and long, reaching from the posterior margin of

the eyes to the antenna, head constricted posteriorly, with deep and

broad frontal grooves and two supra-orbital seta, one rather incon-

spicuous. Antenna long, reaching to posterior third of body, moder-

ately stout, arising under a feeble frontal ridge; first and second seg-

ments glabrous, the following fairly pilose; first robust, second small

and transverse, third long, as long as the two following united and

about five times as long as the second; segments three to six of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. II, NO. 2

about equal length and breadth, seven to ten also of about equal

length and breadth, but somewhat shorter than the preceding, the

eleventh about as long as the third. Eyes poorly developed, pro-

jecting but little beyond sides of head, well removed from the mouth.

Clypeus well developed, transversely depressed in front and with

lateral setae. Labrum short, broadly shallowly eniarginate and pluri-

setose in front. Mandibles prominent, prognathous, feebly arcuate,

acute and curved at tip, with setigerous puncture in scrobe. Maxil-

lae slender, acute at tip, ciliate with stiff hairs on inner side, the

outer lobe biarticulate; palpi rather long, the terminal segment grad-

ually tapering to apex, slightly longer than preceding, the point

subacute; penultimate not hairy. Submentum broad, its basal suture

distinct, deeply emarginate and with broad truncate lobe at middle;

epilobes dentiform; ligula moderately prominent, rounded and bise-

tose at apex; paraglossse broad, rounded at apex and very little

longer than the ligula; palpi of moderate length, the terminal seg-

ment conical, somewhat blunt at apex and slightly longer than

preceding segment.

Prothorax flattened, with side margin narrow and with setigerous

punctures near the front and at hind angles. Body not pedunculate,

scutellum distinct. Elytra flattened, elongated, more or less ellipti-

cal, not margined at base; sides narrowly inflexed; margin pos-

teriorly entire and without internal plica; disc with nine complete

striae, counting the marginal; first and second and the third and

fourth united at the apex; third with three dorsal punctures, the first

one-fourth distant from base, the second at about the middle, and

the third one-fourth distant from apex. Prosternum moderately sep-

arating the coxae and declivous at apex. Mesosternum narrowly

separating the coxae. Metasternum long, the epimeron short, the

posterior coxae contiguous. Anterior tibia of the male somewhat

angulated, the emargination deep and about one-third distant from

apex; tarsi slightly dilated and squamose beneath.

Genotype, Patroboidea rufa Van Dyke, new species.

This genus, without doubt, belongs in the tribe Pogonini, as

defined by Horn,^ and in the first of his groups, the group

Pogoni. It belongs near the genus Patrobus, and in general has

much the appearance of the flatter members of that genus, those

classed as Platidius by Chaudoir, but it is much smaller than

any of the species included within that, and in fact looks much

like the European Thalassophilus longicornis Sturm. With this

last, it agrees as regards general size, shape and color, small

eyes, and heavy and long antennae, but it differs in lacking the

basal striae of the elytra and in having a very small second

2 “On the genera of Carabid^, with special reference to the fauna of

Boreal America,” by George H. Horn, M. D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IX

(1881-82), p. 135.

OCTOBER, 1925]

VAN DYKE IIARPALIN^

segment and very long third segment to the antennae, in this

last regard resembling Pogonus. From Pogonus, it differs pri-

marily in having the genae well developed and elongated, the

constriction of the head, therefore, not just back of the eyes

but far removed, in having the eyes poorly developed and the

palpi, both maxillary and labial, quite long and slender and sub-

acute at apex, in contrast to the truncated palpi of the other.

Patroboidea rufa Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, quite parallel, much flattened, rufous, head somewhat

darkened. Head elongated, somewhat elliptical, smooth, impunctate;

frontal impressions deep, straight, extending back as far as eyes;

mandibles long, porrect, and but little curved except at apex; eyes

small, projecting but little beyond sides of head; antennge rather

stout, long, extending to beyond middle of elytra. Prothorax slightly

broader than long and about as long as head, including mandibles;

base narrower than apex; apex slightly emarginate; base truncate;

sides moderately arcuate in front, sinuate posteriorly, the hind angles

prominent and right-angled; disc flattened, smooth, with median

longitudinal groove deep and complete, anterior transverse impres-

sion vague, the posterior mainly indicated by a series of well marked

punctures, the basal impressions deep and broad posteriorly. Elytra

slightly longer than head and prothorax combined, about one-third

wider than prothorax, base emarginate, the humeri rounded; sides

almost parallel, but slightly arcuate; disc flattened; striae well de-

fined, complete and with but a few indistinct punctures near base;

scutellar strise fine. Body beneath smooth and shining. Length, 5.5

mm.; breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1820, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, taken by myself from beneath a piece of driftwood

on the sandy beach along the Snohomish River near Monroe,

Washington, July 4-14, 1905. A second specimen, which I

have designated as a paratype, was collected along Spious

Creek, British Columbia, May 30, 1921, by Mr. Ralph Hopping,

and is now in his collection.

Pterostichus brunneus Dej.

This species, about which there has long been much con-

fusion, due chiefly to the fact that neither Leconte ^ nor Horn

knew the species, is well defined by both Dejean ^ and Manner-

3 “The Pterostichi of the United States,” by John L. LeConte, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 18G1, p. 312. The specimen, sent to Dr. LeConte

by Chaudoir as the type of Pterostichus brunneus Dej., could not have been

that, but probably a specimen of Pterostichus castaneus Dej. Chaudoir himself

later insisted that brunneus and castaneus were quite distinct.

4 “Species General des Coleopteres,” by M. le Compte Dejean.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

heim,® and is easily recognized once we compare typical speci-

mens with the original description. It was described from

Sitka, but is a common species on the islands off the coast of

southeastern Alaska and on Orcus Island in Puget Sound, as

well as on the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia and the

Cascades of Washington and Oregon, at least as far south as

Mt. Jefferson. In the northern Cascades it lives as does Pteros-

tichus protractus Lee. in the Sierras, in the woods under old

logs. Structurally, it is about midway between castaneus, which

is generally to be found in the same environment with it, and

protractus, and in fact if found in the Sierras would no doubt

be taken for a small specimen of the latter. It is most decidedly

not the same as castaneus, as stated by LeConte,® nor synony-

mous with scutellaris, as given by Horn.® Pterostichus scutel-

laris Lee. is nothing more than a fully pigmented or melanotic

offshoot of amethystinus. This last, a common species of the

dense forests of the Pacific Northwest, extends into California

and along the coast only so far as northern Sonoma County,

where scutellaris takes its place, and continues on to Monterey

County. There seems to be a distinct cleavage between the two

species, and the fact that in ancient times a gulf existed at

about the place where one replaces the other might account for

this.

Pterostichus nigrocaeruleus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, somewhat flattened, gracefully proportioned,

head and pronotum shining black, elytra violet to bluish black, an-

tennae, legs and under surface piceous to rufopiceous. Head rather

large, almost two-thirds breadth of prothorax, very smooth and shin-

ing, frontal grooves long and well impressed; the mandibles promi-

nent and noticeably hooked at apex; eyes moderately prominent;

antennae slender, extending several segments behind the base of

the prothorax. Prothorax slightly wider than long, anterior angles

prominent, sides broadly arcuate anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly, hind

angles right-angled; lateral margin broad and reflexed; disc slightly

convex, very smooth and shining, median longitudinal groove deep,

the anterior and posterior transverse impressions distinct; basal im-

pressions single, long and deep, the basal area external to these

flattened, not margined, and slightly reflexed in a wing-like manner.

Elytra nearly two-fifths longer than head and prothorax combined,

5 “Beitrag zur Kafer-Pauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha

und Neu-Californiens,” by Graf. C. G. Mannerheim, Bui. Moscow, Vol.

XVI (1843), p. 201.

6 “Random Studies in North American Coleoptera,” by George H.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIX (1892), p. 41.

OCTOBER, 1925 ]

VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

four-sevenths as broad as long, at least 1 mm. broader than pro-

thorax, elliptical; humeri well rounded and humeral angles not denti-

form; disc slightly convex; striae deep and simple, the intervals

convex, without foveae and very shining; scutellar stria vague, punc-

tiform, at base of first stria. Legs slender, first three segments of

posterior tarsi deeply grooved on outer side, posterior trochanters

over one-third length of femora. Apex of prosternum not evidently

margined. Beneath moderately smooth and shining. Length, 12

mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1821), allotype, female (No. 1822,

Mus. Calif, Acad. Sci.), and several paratypes, in my collec-

tion, captured by myself along the sides of a mountain stream

back of Port Angeles, Washington, May 26, 1907. Paratypes

will be deposited in the United States National Museum. In

addition, I have used for comparison over fifty more specimens

in my collection, which I collected at the following localities :

The Forks, Clallam County, Washington; Marys Peak, Ben-

ton County, Marshfield, Olney near Astoria, and Waldport,

Oregon; and from near the Van Duzen River, Humboldt

County, California.

This elegant and beautiful species at first glance might be

confused with Pterostichus amethystinus (Mann.), for it is

of about the size of the normal individuals of the latter, is of

somewhat similar color, and is to be found in the same terri-

tory. Structurally, it is widely separated, much more brilliant,

with the head larger, the prothorax much broader, with the

basal impressions single, long and deep, and the posterior angles

much more prominent ; the elytra elliptical, not parallel sided,

the humeri well rounded and without having the humeral angles

at all dentiform ; the intervals distinctly convex throughout, and

the apex of the prosternum not margined behind. Though a

member of the subgenus Hypherpes, to which belong all those

American species without discal elytral foveae, it stands by

itself. In habits, it is only approached by one other member

of the subgenus, crenicollis, for it lives along the gravelly mar-

gins of the small densely shaded streams which come down

from the hills. Pterostichus amethystinus (Mann.) and its

close relative, Pterostichus scutellaris Lee., are to be found only

in the damp woods in or under old logs.

Pterostichus beyeri Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel, slightly convex, rufopiceous. Head large,

but .5 mm. narrower than prothorax and about as long, frontal

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

grooves distinct though not prominent; eyes small and flattened;

gense bulbous, invading much of the ocular area; mandibles long

and but slightly curved, prognathous; antennas moderately stout,

slightly enlarged apically, about reaching to hind angles of pro-

thorax. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, narrowed posteriorly,

apex feebly emarginate; base transverse, slightly more than one-

third of the greatest width of prothorax; sides feebly arcuate and

convergent backwards almost to hind angles where they become

sinuate; hind angles small, bluntly right-angled, lateral margins fine;

disc feebly convex, the median longitudinal groove vague, the pos-

terior lacking; basal impressions single, broadly though shallowly

impressed, the basal margin only evident close to angles. Elytra

slightly longer than head and prothorax combined, barely 5 mm.

broader than prothorax, elongate elliptical; humeri distinct, humeral

angles not dentiform; disc slightly convex, the striae well impressed,

simple and complete, the intervals slightly convex, a bit flattened

apically and without dorsal foveae; scutellar stria distinct, short and

within base of first interval. Legs rather slender, anterior femora

robust; posterior trochanters almost one-half length of femora and

blunt at apex; first segment of hind tarsi vaguely grooved on outer

side. Apex of prosternum not margined. Beneath moderately smooth

and shining. Length, 12.5 mm.; breadth, 3.75 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1823, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured in the Bitter Root Mountains, Montana,

by Mr. Gustav Beyer and by him very kindly presented to me.

One other specimen, in the Beyer collection, has been seen.

This species is somewhat related to Pterostichus caligans

Horn. It is of the same length, but broader, with the prothorax

and elytra proportionally shorter, as compared with the length,

the eyes slightly larger, the humeral angles not dentiform, the

hind femora not so clavate nor the posterior trochanters so long

and apically narrowed, and the posterior tarsi not so definitely

grooved externally. To Pterostichus ro stratus Newm. it is even

closer structurally, differing mainly by being smaller and less

robust, with single basal prothoracic impression instead of

double, and by having the elytral striae simple. This places it

as an intermediate species between the group to which caligans

belongs and rostratus, and shows that the two genera, Cylindro-

charis ^ and LeptoferoniaJ established by Colonel Casey upon

insufficient characters, should be suppressed. In this connec-

tion, I will also state that Hyperphes Chaud. is a well-defined

subgenus of Pterostichus and should include, not only those

7 “Memoirs on the Coleoptera,” VIII (1918), by Thomas L. Casey, Lan-

caster, Penn., pp. 326 and 336.

OCTOBER, 1925]

VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

species listed under Pterostichus in the Leng Catalogue, but

also those included under Hammatomerus Chaud., Holciophorus

Lee., Cylindrocharis Casey, and Leptoferonia Casey. The char-

acters which are used to separate these are divergent ones of

minor degree, whereas those which all of the species possess in

common are fundamental.

Pterostichus falli Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel, slightly convex, rufous. Head large, .75 mm.

narrower than prothorax and almost as long; frontal grooves dis-

tinct; eyes rather small; gen^ bulbous and about as prominent as

eyes; mandibles long and but slightly curved, prognathous; antennae

moderately stout, distinctly enlarged apically, reaching a little be-

yond basal angles of prothorax. Prothorax as long as broad, nar-

rowed posteriorly, apex feebly emarginate, anterior angles evident

but not prominent; base feebly emarginate, one-third the greatest

breadth of prothorax; sides feebl}^ arcuate and convergent pos-

teriorly, sinuate in front of hind angles, which are sharply right-

angled; lateral margin fine; disc somewhat flattened, the median

longitudinal groove clearly defined and almost reaching anterior and

posterior margins; anterior transverse impression evident, the pos-

terior a broad, shallow depression; basal impressions double, the

inner distinct and of moderate length, the outer vague, small and

close to hind angles; basal margin vague. Elytra equal in length to

head and prothorax combined, slightly broader than prothorax;

humeri distinct, the humeral angles vague; sides subparallel, but

feebly arcuate; disc slightly convex, flattened at middle, striae dis-

tinct and complete though finer apically, the intervals quite flat-

tened and without dorsal foveae; scutellar stria fine, over .5 mm. in

length and at base of first stria. Legs rather slender, femora not

greatly developed, posterior trochanters not one-half length of

femora and blunt at apex; first segment of hind tarsi distinctly

grooved on outer side. Apex of prosternum distinctly margined.

Beneath moderately smooth and shining. Length, 11 mm.; breadth,

3.25 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1824), and allotype, female (No. 1825,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my collection, captured by myself

in the canons on the east side of the hills east of Hollywood,

Los Angeles County, California, January 9 and 4, 1912. Be-

sides these there are seven other specimens in my collection

which I have designated as paratypes and which were collected

at various times in the type locality. It is named in honor of

my good friend, Mr. Henry C. Fall, who has contributed so

much to the advancement of our knowledge of the Coleoptera

of western North America.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

This species belongs with caligans and beyeri. It is, however,

smaller than either, more distinctly flattened, with the prothorax

more narrowed posteriorly, with two evident basal thoracic im-

pressions, and the apex of the prosternum distinctly margined.

Pterostichus termitiformis Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, flattened, rufous, antennae, legs and under surface lighter.

Head very large, as broad as prothorax and distinctly longer; front

flattened: frontal grooves distinct, broadly though shallowly im-

pressed; eyes small, flattened; genae not bulbous; sides of head pos-

terior to eyes slightly arcuate and convergent posteriorly; mandibles

long and but slightly curved, prognathous; antennae long, extending

several segments beyond hind angles of prothorax and but slightly

dilated apically. Prothorax as long as broad, cuneiform; apex evenly

though shallowly arcuate; base moderately arcuate, its width almost

one-half the greatest width of prothorax; sides feebly arcuate and

convergent backwards, becoming slightly sinuate as they approach

the hind angles, the latter right-angled; lateral margin fine; disc

flattened, the median longitudinal groove distinctly defined at center,

anterior transverse impression vague, the posterior shallowly im-

pressed, basal impressions single, rather long and lunate, basal

margin lacking. Elytra slightly longer than head and prothorax

combined, almost 1 mm. broader than prothorax, elongate elliptical;

humeri broadly rounded, without humeral angles; disc feebly convex,

flattened at middle; striae simple and deeply impressed basally, finer

apically, the intervals flattened though approaching convexity near

base, without dorsal foveae; scutellar stria minute, punctiform, at

base of second stria. Legs rather long and slender, femora not

greatly developed, posterior trochanters not one-half length of

femora and blunt at apex, the first and second segments of hind tarsi

distinctly grooved on outer side. Apex of prosternum not margined.

Beneath moderately smooth and shining. Length, 9.5 mm.; breadth,

3 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1826), allotype, female (No. 1827,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and paratype male in my collection,

captured by myself at Marshfield, Oregon, the first on June 11,

1914, the others on June 10, 1914. They were found beneath

deeply imbedded logs in the woods.

This species is definitely allied to caligans, beyeri, and falli.

It differs materially, though, in general appearance, propor-

tionately larger head, and more delicate form generally. The

non-bulbous genae will also serve to distinguish this species

from its associates. The large head and mandibles and small

prothorax give it an appearance not unlike that of a soldier

termite, a resemblance which has suggested the specific name.

OCTOBER, 1925]

VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

The last three species described belong to a peculiar group

or assemblage within the subgenus Hyperphes of Pterostichus,

the members of which are characterized in the main by being

somewhat elongate and cylindrical, with small eyes, long for-

ward projecting mandibles, often large femora, especially well-

developed posterior trochanters, and, in the more divergent

forms, with the antennae enlarged apically. These are all char-

acters which are to be found among those Carabidae which live

a burrowing life, and such is the case with those under dis-

cussion, they being the most subterranean in their habits of the

American species of this large genus. The California species

are rarely found except during the winter or early spring

months, being deep down in the ground during the dry sum-

mers, as is the case with many of our earth-dwelling insects.

The greater portion of this group is at present restricted to

the Pacific Coast, but it is, no doubt, a very ancient one which

was at one time widely distributed over the more northern

parts of North America during later Pliocene times. Because

of their specialized habits they could not readily migrate, and

hence were in great part exterminated during the Great Ice

Age, the species which remain to us today being but the relicts

and those which dwelt in territory that suffered but little from

the effects of that age. To this group belong the following spe-

cies : grandiceps Chaud. and rostratus Newm. from the Appa-

lachian region in general ; beyeri n. sp. and elongatus Schffr.,

from the northern Rocky Mountain region; arisonicus Schffr.

from Arizona; and inanis Horn, angustus Dej., longicollis Lee.,

fuchsi Schffr., caligans Horn, falli n. sp., and termitiformis

n. sp., from the Pacific Coast. Cylindrocharis sulcatula Casey

and piceata Casey are absolute synonyms of Pterostichus ros-

tratus Newm., the characters given for their separation being

insufficient. Of the forms described by Colonel Casey under

Leptoferonia, crucialis is but a weak phase of angustus, pumilis

a slight variant of longicollis, fugax a synonym of fuchsi, lar-

valis and humilis practically the same and at most but a sub-

species of fuchsi, the posterior prothoracic angles being slightly

more evident, and inopina a weak variant of ovicollis. The

species of this group, like all species which are to any degree

subterranean, are unstable and plastic and thus inclined to vary

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. II, NO. 2

greatly, especially if they range over a great extent of terri-

tory, as do many of those mentioned above.

Pterostichus lanei Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate length and breadth, gracefully proportioned, black

and shining, antennas, mouthparts and legs rufopiceous. Head of

normal proportions, two-thirds breadth of prothorax and one-third

longer than broad, convex; frontal grooves distinct but not promi-

nent; mandibles normal; eyes prominent; antennas slender, extend-

ing several segments beyond apex of posterior prothoracic angles.

Prothorax over one-sixth broader than long, distinctly narrowed pos-

teriorly; apex distinctly emarginate, anterior angles moderately

prominent; base but slightly emarginate at middle; sides broadly

arcuate for anterior three-fourths, straight and convergent to pos-

terior angles; hind angles obtuse, rather sharply defined; lateral

margin fine and well reflexed; disc convex, median longitudinal

groove clearly and rather deeply impressed, almost complete; an-

terior and posterior transverse impressions faintly defined; basal

impressions single, deep and linear; a faint indication of a secondary

impression at the sides of the broadened base of the preceding; the

area close to the posterior angles somewhat flattened, thus making

the angles more evident; base not margined. Elytra about one-sixth

longer than head and prothorax combined, a third longer than broad,

elliptical; humeri well rounded; disc convex; striae complete, deeply

and uniformly impressed, the faintest indication only of punctures;

scutellar stria distinct and of moderate length, the intervals convex,

the third with a distinct fovea just anterior to the middle, and a

second midway between that and the apex. Legs slender, femora

moderately developed, posterior trochanters rather large; first three

hind tarsal segments distinctly grooved on outer side. Beneath rather

smooth and shining. Length, 11 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1828, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured by Mr. Merton C. Lane at V/awawai,

Washington, and kindly presented to me. Several paratypes

are in Mr. Lane’s collection.

This graceful black species is of about the size of some of

the smaller specimens of Pterostichus vicinus Mann., and it

somewhat suggests that, but is far less robust, with prothorax

more narrowed posteriorly and humeri well rounded. Its struc-

ture would place it near lachrymosus , particularly the posses-

sion of two dorsal punctures and deep linear basal impressions

to the prothorax, but it is not closely related to that nor to

any of the species associated with that.

(To be continued)

OCTOBER, 1925]

BLAISDELL ELEODES

REVISED CHECK-LIST OF THE SPECIES OF

ELEODES INHABITING AMERICA, NORTH

OF MEXICO, INCLUDING LOWER CALI-

FORNIA AND ADJACENT ISLANDS

BY F, E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

The following revised list of the species of Eleodes inhabit-

ing America north of Mexico also includes those from the

islands in the Pacific, adjacent to the mainland and from the

islands in the Gulf of California. This list is intended to replace

the one given by Leng in the Catalogue of the Coleoptera of

America, north of Mexico. References are given for the spe-

cies and phases not given in the Leng Catalogue.

This list includes 106 species, 67 subspecies, and 12 varieties.

In my Monograph of the Eleodiini (Bulletin 63, United

States National Museum) no attempt was made to designate

subspecies. In the present list this has been done, based on

more recent observations. My conception of subspecies and

varieties or races has very recently been stated in the Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. XIV, No. 16, September, 1925.

For information regarding forms and for synonyms, see my

Monograph and Leng’s Catalogue.

Eleodes coloradensis Blais, was first recorded as humeralis

Lee. forma tuhcrculo-muricata.

Eleodes concinna Blais, was first considered as humeralis

Lee. forma gramdato-muricata.

Eleodes apprima Blais, was first given as laticollis forma

insularis.

Eleodes immunda Blais, was first given as hispilabris forma

elongata.

In all other cases where a form name has been raised to the

rank of a variety or subspecies the name hereby validated has

been marked as “new name” (n. n.).

The diagnoses of two new subspecies are here included so

the names can be used in this list :

Eleodes liorni fenyesi Blaisdell, new subspecies

Form quite similar to horni, but smaller, more slender, with

the integuments more opaque ; pronotal punctuation denser and

more distinct; clypeal surface scarcely at all rugose, smooth

and flat between the punctures.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

Measurements (types). Length, 11 - 12.5 mm.; width,

4 - 5.5 mm.

Type locality. Bishop, Inyo County, California. Col-

lected by Dr. A. Fenyes. Holotype, female, and allotype, male,

in my collection. Horni occurs in Plumas County, California.

Eleodes manni sierra Blaisdell, new subspecies

Form somewhat larger and a little more robust than manni;

humeri more strongly developed and moderately narrowly

rounded; luster duller; pronotal punctuation much finer and

equally as dense; sides of the prothorax more strongly sinuate

before the basal angles, where they are parallel and straight

for a short distance. In the female there are evident striae of

punctures on the elytra, in the male these are not as well

marked.

Measurements (types). Length, 16.5 - 15 mm.; width,

5.5 - 5.6 mm.

Type locality. Kings Canon, Fresno County, California.

Collected on August 4, 1917.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blaisdell, 1921. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. LIII (No. 6), pp. 129-

132, June, 1921.

Blaisdell, 1921. Stanford University Publications, University Series.

Biological Sciences, Vol. 1 (No. 3), pp. 217-226, June, 1921.

Blaisdell, 1923. Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, Ser. 4,

Vol. XII (No. 12), pp. 201-288, July, 1923.

Blaisdell, 1925. Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, Ser. 4,

Vol. XIV (No. 14), pp. 321-343, September, 1925.

Blaisdell, 1925. Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, Ser. 4,

Vol. XIV (No. 16), pp. 369-390, September, 1925.

Genus eleodes Esch.

Subgenus Melaneleodes Blais,

debilis Lee.

carbonaria Say

subsp. soror Lee.

vicina Lee.

nitida Casey

ampla Blais,

obsoleta Say

subsp. annectans Blais, n. n.

subsp. porcata Casey,

mazatzalensis Blais., 1925, 379.

knausi Blais.

omissa Lee.

subsp. pygmaea Blais,

subsp. borealis Blais, n. n.

subsp. peninsularis Blais,

parowana Blais., 1925, 374.

subsp. mimica Blais., 1925, 375.

quadricollis Esch.

subsp. lassenica Blais., 1925,

373.

subsp. anthracina Blais,

subsp. lustrans Blais,

cuneaticollis Casey

OCTOBER, 1925]

BLAISDELL ELEODES

humeralis Lee.

reducta Blais., 1925, 377.

concinna Blais., 1925, 381.

coloradensis Blais., 1925, 380.

fuscipilosa Blais., 1925, 376.

rileyi Casey

tricostata Say

var. asperata Lee.

pedinoides Lee.

neomexieana Blais,

speeulieollis Blais., 1925, 382.

wenzeli Blais., 1925, 381.

Subgenus Litheleodes Blais,

areuata Casey

extrieata Say

subsp. eonvexieollis Blais., n. n.

subsp. eognata Hald.

subsp. arizonensis Blais,

subsp. utahensis Blais., 1921,

131.

granulata Lee.

subsp. obtusa Lee.

subsp. eorvina Blais., 1921, 224.

papillosa Blais,

leteheri Blais,

vandykei Blais,

var. parvula Blais,

var. modifieata Blais., 1921, 131.

Subgenus Tricheleodes Blais,

hirsuta Lee.

pilosa Horn

barbata Wiekh.

Subgenus Pseudeleodes Blais,

granosa Lee.

Subgenus Promus Lee.

insularis Lined

subsp. terrieola Blais,

subnitens Lee.

goryi Sol.

subsp. seriata Lee.

striolata Lee.

fusiformis Lee.

opaea Say

Subgenus Heteropromus Blais,

veterator Horn

Subgenus Eleodes Esch.

obseura Say

subsp. dispersa Lee.

subsp. suleipennis Mann,

subsp. glabriuseula Blais., 1925,

383.

aeuta Say

suturalis Say

var. texana Lee.

grandieollis Mann.

subsp. valida Boh.

sanmartinensis Blais., 1921, 220.

var. moesta Blais., 1921, 221.

sponsa Lee.

hispilabris Say

subsp. nupta Lee.

subsp. attenuata Blais,

subsp. eonnexa Lee.

/. cowvexa, Leng Cat. 228.

subsp. seulptilis Blais,

subsp. imitabilis Blais,

subsp. immunda Blais., n. n.

/. elongata, Leng Cat. 228.

subsp. eomposita Casey

subpinguis Blais,

graeilis Lee.

subsp. distans Blais,

eaudifera Lee.

longipilosa Horn

dentipes Eseh.

var. perpunetata Blais,

subsp. elongata Blais,

subsp. tularensis Blais., 1925,

386.

subsp. montana Blais., 1925,

385.

subsp. marinas Blais., 1921, 218.

subsp. eonfinis Blais,

subsp. elegans Casey

subsp. prominens Casey

subsp. pertenuis Blais,

subeylindriea Casey

armata Lee.

subsp. impotens Blais,

inepta Blais., 1925, 334.

militaris Horn

subsp. femorata Lee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

loretensis Blais., 1923, 262.

vanduzeei Blais., 1923, 264.

morbosa Blais., 1925, 335.

acuticauda Lee.

var. punctata Blais.

lati'Collis Lee.

subsp. minor Blais, n. n.

subsp. apprima Blais., 1921, 219.

eschscholtzi Sol.

subsp. lucae Lee.

niutilata Blais., 1921, 222.

inflata Blais., 1923, 261.

adumbrata Blais., 1925, 332.

discincta Blais., 1925, 333.

tenuipes Casey

wickhami Horn

ventricosa Lee.

subsp. falli Blais.

Subgenus Blapylis Horn.

tibialis Blais,

snowi Blais,

lecontei Horn

tenebrosa Horn

var, liana Blais,

inculta Lee.

subsp. affinis Blais,

consobrina Lee.

scabripennis Lee.

blanchardi Blais,

neotomse Blais,

fuchsi Blais,

horni Blais.

subsp. fenyesi, new subsp.

subsp. monticola Blais,

manni Blais.

subsp. sierra, new subsp.

subsp. dilaticollis Blais., 1925,

388.

subsp. variolosa Blais,

parvicollis Escli.

subsp. farralonica Blais, n. n.

subsp. planata Esch.

subsp. squalida Blais,

producta Mann.

subsp. alticola Blais., 1925, 387.

subsp. trita Blais,

subsp. constricta Lee.

behri Grinnell

hoppingi Blais,

clavicornis Esch.

scabrosa Esch.

rotundipennis Lee.

var. versatilis Blais., 1921, 217.

cordata Esch.

subsp. horrida Blais,

subsp. patruelis Blais,

var. adulterina Blais,

var. hybrida Blais,

var. sublaevis Blais, n. n. ,

pimelioides Mann,

nunenmacheri Blais.

subsp. verrucula Blais,

brunnipes Casey

subsp. brevisetosa Blais,

propinqua Blais,

caseyi Blais.

Subgenus Metablapylis Blais.

nigrina Lee.

subsp. perlonga Blais,

subsp. difformis Blais., 1925,

389.

dissimilis Blais.

subsp. nevadensis Blais,

schwarzi Blais.

Subgenus Steneleodes Blais.

gigantea Mann.

subsp. meridionalis Blais,

subsp. gentilis Lee.

subsp. estriata Casey

longicollis Lee.

innocens Lee.

Subgenus Discogenia Lee.

marginata Esch.

scabricula Lee.

subsp. acutangula Blais., 1921,

225.

Genus neobaphion Blais.,

1925, 390.

planipennis Lee.

OCTOBER, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN HEPIALUS

THE HYPERBOREUS GROUP OE HEPIALUS

(LEPID., HEPIALIDiE)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Hepialus roseicaput N. & D.

1893, Neumoegen & Dyar, Can. Ent, XXV, 125, Hepialus.

1894, Neumoegen & Dyar, Jour. N. Y, Ent. Soc., II, 169, Hepialus.

1895, Ottolengui, Ent. News, VI, 290, Hepialus.

1896, Dyar, Can. Ent., XXVIII, 176, hyperboreus confusus, Hepialus.

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 580, No. 6608b, hyperboreus con-

fusus, Hepialus.

1911, McDunnough, Can. Ent., XLIII, 292, (? matthe^'i{\) $), Hepi-

alus.

1917, Barnes & McDunnough, Check List, p. 197, No. 8488, mathe^i,

Hepialus.

I hyperboreus Auct. nec. Moesch.

1911, McDunnough, Can. Ent., XLIII, 290, Hepialus.

j pulcher Auct. nec Grt.

1911, McDunnough, Can. Ent., XLIII, 291, Hepialus.

Described from a single specimen from the Cascade Range

near L3Aton, B. C. The type is a $ ; not a male, as stated in the

original description (1893) and by Ottolengui (1895).

Dyar (1896 and 1903) sinks the name to confusus; McDun-

nough (1911) thought it $ mathewi; and Barnes & Mc-

Dunnough (1917) sink it to mathewi; but apparently lack of

sufficient material in the past was prohibitive to properly sort

the various forms allied to hyperboreus. This lack of material,

coupled with misdeterminations on the part of all authors, has

led to a very general confusion of the names in the group.

Some authors appear to desire to call all American species

synonyms of the European H. ganna. Judging from several

figures, this species is nearest to mcglashani, but we think

entirely distinct.

Both authors have independently examined all types involved

except hyperboreus, which is unknown to us except from the

literature and Moeschler’s figure of type (1862, Wien. Ent.

Monat., VI, pi. I, f. 1), and pulcher, of which we possess

specimens agreeing well with Grote’s figure of type (1864,

Prbc. Ent. Soc. Phila., HI, 522, pi. V, f. 3).^

A resume of the species in key form may assist to sort them.

We are inclined to think that each name so far proposed rep-

resents a distinct species. H. roseicaput is the Mt. Hood spe-

1 Since writing the above we have received a photograph of type pulcher

through the courtesy of Dr. H. Skinner.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

cies, alternately called hyperhoreus and pulcher by McDnn-

nough (1911). Normally, it appears to be sexually dimorphic,

the type agreeing with three out of our five females. Another

female shows silver markings as in the male, and we call this

form mutatus nov. We have a single female, with immaculate

primaries, and we are calling this demutatus nov. Our series

of 12 6 , 5 2 were taken by McDunnough on Mt. Hood, Ore-

gon, 8-15 August. We knov/ confusus only from the type ( $ )

in the Bolter collection from Sitka, Alaska, and a female from

“Metlakatla, B. C., August 21, 1903, Rev. J. F. Keen,” in

the Barnes collection. H. pulcher is known to us from 1 6 ,

Glenwood Springs, Colorado, 16-23 August, and 2 6 “Utah.”

H, mcglashani is represented in the Barnes collection by 2 $ ,

1 2 from unknown localities, 1 6 labeled “Nev.” (which may

mean Sierra Nevada or Truckee, California), and a 3 2 from

Placer County, California. H. mathezvi is represented by a

series of sixteen specimens, both sexes, from Duncans and Vic-

toria, B. C., from Messrs. Blackmore and Hanham. All speci-

mens except one are dated, and the dates range from the 15th

to the 29th of September.

Flepialus novigannus Barnes & Benjamin, n. sp.

A series of 21 6 , 17 2 are in the Barnes collection from

Hymers, Ontario, dates ranging from August 8 to Septem-

ber 15. In general all specimens are similar in size and in

shade of ground color to mcglashani, but the silver markings

are much cleaner cut and entire ; aside from the normal V con-

nected to the wing base, these are restricted to one or two spots

below vein 1, some slight markings in the costal region, and a

tendency toward dots along the outer margin, which, in even

the best marked specimens, are obsolescent. No tendency

toward sexual dimorphism. A dusk-flying species.

Hepialus novigannus mackiei Barnes & Benjamin,

race nov.

Another series of 11 6, 12 2 from Edmonton, Alta. (D.

Mackie) and 16,22 from Calgary, Alta. (Dod?) appear to

represent an insect at least racially distinct. Size and silver

markings as in the preceding. While all of the other species

before us do not vary greatly, except mathewi, the present form,

while possessing uniform maculation in both sexes, varies sur-

prisingly in color, ranging from deep brown to salmon-pink. In

the event the present insect should ultimately prove consubspe-

cific with the Ontario species, we are restricting our types to

OCTOBER, 1925] BARNES AND BENJAMIN HEPIALUS

5^,5? which show the salmon-colored primaries. The Ed-

monton specimens range in dates from the 24th of August to

the 11th of September. Only one Calgary specimen is dated,

‘T6-23 Aug.”

Superficial key to the species and forms of the hyperboreus

group of Hepialus.

I. Some silver or whitish markings on fore wings.

A. Conspicuous silver markings other than a broadly open

V connected to wing base;

a. Fore wing with silver markings irregularly split

into spots; hind wing marked by a fuscous band

from apex to near wing base. (Labrador)

hyperboreus

b. Not so; both characters not present in one species.

a. i Silver banding on fore wing, aside from a

basal silver connecting dash, as a broadly

open V not very irregular, although some-

times tending to split into spots, the other

silver markings disconnected; hind wing

with uniformly fuscous disc and discoiicolor-

ous pinkish fringes; usually sexually dimor-

phic; flying 1:30 to 3:30 p. m. in bright

sunshine. (B. C.; Ore.)

6 roseicaput, 2 roseicaput form mutatus

b. i Silver banding on fore wing usually forming

a V, but the V decidedly irregular, often

with some silver tending to form a spur or

spurs on the V, either subapically or near

the base, the V seldom clean-cut except in

some 5 2 ; sexes similar; flying at dusk.

(Calif.) 6 2 mcglashani

c. ^ Silver banding on (left) fore wing tending to

form an oblique E, usually with an addi-

tional apical spur. When the E is broken

into spots these spots are connected by black,

a. 2 Silver markings usually broken into

numerous small spots connected by

black; hind wing with uniformly fus-

cous disc. (Alaska; B. C.).... 2 confusus

b^. Silver markings mainly contiguous;

hind wing with salmon-colored disc,

on which there is an irregular blackish

suffusion. (Colo.; Utah) t pulcher

B. Silver markings restricted to a broadly open V connected

to wing base; except for one or two marks on or near

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

costa, the markings below vein 1, and obsolescent spots

at base of fringes;

a. Fore wing usually with a black spot at the end of

the cell, the apical portion of the silver V tending

to become obsolescent or obsolete and usually re-

placed by black; hind wing basally more hairy than

in other species, usually of some shade of luteous,

salmon, or rufous, and usually marked by black.

(Vane. Is.) 6 $ mathe'vji

b. Forewing without black spot at the end of the cell;

the apical portion of the silver V not tending to

become obsolescent or to be replaced by black;

hind wing less hairy than in the preceding, and

usually smoother and less mottled-looking;

a. i Some shade of brown, often more or less

slightly tinged with rufous; flying at dusk,

(Ontario) 6 $ novigannus

b. ^ Color variable; types restricted to salmon-

pink form. (Alberta.)

novigannus race (or form) mackiei

II. No silver or whitish markings.

A. Fore wing marked with more or less of a black V. (B. C.;

Ore.)- $ roseicaput

B. Fore wing unmarked. (Ore.).... 2 roseicaput form demutatus

The Blaisdell Collection of Coleoptera

At the November meeting of the California Academy of

Sciences, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director of the Acad-

emy, announced that Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr., had presented

to the Academy his entire collection of Coleoptera on the same

terms under which the Van Dyke collection of Coleoptera was

accepted by the Academy. Under these terms Dr. Blaisdell

retains control of the collection during his lifetime, with the

privilege of retaining any portions for study at home as he

may require. When the Van Dyke and Blaisdell collections,

which are comparable in size, are finally incorporated into the

Academy collection, it will constitute a remarkably complete

representation of the coleopterous fauna of the western United

States, as well as an excellent general collection of beetles.

These two collections supplement one another, so there is less

duplication than one might expect. The Blaisdell collection is

very complete in the Tenebrionidse, Melyridse and some other

families, while the Van Dyke collection excels in the Carabidae,

Elateridse, and certain groups of forests insects, such as the

Buprestidae and Cerambycidse. — E. P. Van Duzee.

OCTOBER, 1925] CHAMBERLIN LEPIDOSAPHES

A NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOSAPHES FROM CHINA

(HEMIPTERA, COCCID^^)

BY JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

The species of Lepidosaphes, described below, is very similar

in general appearance to L. heckii, the purple scale, with which

it was originally confused. Morphologically, it is clearly dis-

tinct therefrom, as shown below.

I am indebted to Mr. E. E. Green and Professor G. F. Ferris

for confirming my opinion relative to its status as a new species.

Mr. Green suggests that it is possibly the same as L. euryce

Kuwana, as described in the Proceedings California Academy

of Sciences, Vol. HI, p. 80. That description is inadequate,

however, to permit an exact determination, and consequently

this form is best regarded, for the present at least, as distinct.

Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Type host and locality. On “magnolia” from Canton, China,

Collected by F. Silvestri, 1925.

Habit : Occurring on leaves and stem of host. Scale of

female typical for the genus ; dark reddish-brown, very similar

in general appearance to L. beckii, the purple scale. Scale of

male of the type common to the genus.

Morphological characteristics: Adult female (Figure 1). Length

about 1.0 mm. Derm membranous throughout, except for pygidium

and spur-like lateral projections of the abdominal segments; thorax

distinctly separated from abdomen by a constriction; thorax divided

midway by a distinct transverse crease; margin of abdominal seg-

ments distinctly projecting laterally, bearing gland-spines and

numerous small ducts. There is a distinct transverse row of five

or six large ducts immediately posterior to the posterior spiracles.

On each abdominal spur and on the base of the pygidium there is

a round, heavily chitinized boss or raised disc, five pairs in all.

Pygidium (Figure 2) with two pairs of well-developed lobes; median

pair well spaced, mesally notched, as a whole well rounded; second

pair less prominent than mesal pair, distinctly bilobed. Between the

mesal lobes is a simple pair of gland spines; between the mesal and

second lobe is a pair of gland spines and a large submarginal pore;

beyond the second lobe another pair of gland spines and two large

submarginal pores; then two more spines and another pair of sub-

marginal pores, and lastly two more gland spines and a single

submarginal pore. All submarginal pores with conspicuous chitinous

rims. Dorsal ducts smaller than marginal ducts, fairly numerous and

1 Paper No. 134, University of California, Graduate School of Tropical

Agriculture and Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

arranged in two conspicuous bands, as shown in Figure 2. No ven-

tral ducts. Circumgenital pores in five small groups of four to six

pores each. Anal opening anterior to cephalic group of circumgenital

pores.

From L. heckii, its nearest relative, chinensis may be distin-

guished by the fewer circumgenital pores and by the greater

number of marginal chitinized bosses. In heckii, these bosses

are found on the two anterior abdominal segments and the pre-

pygidial segment only, three pairs in all.

The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Department

of Entomology of the University of California Citrus Experi-

ment Station. Paratypes are deposited in the Stanford Uni-

versity collection and in Mr. E. E. Green’s collection. Type

material in the United States National Museum.

aspect of adult female

OCTOBER, 1925] CHAMBERLIN LEPIDOSAPHES

Figure 2. Lefidosaphes chinensis sp. nov. Pygidium of adult female.

THE HATCHING OF THE EGGS OF PERIPSOCUS

CALIFORNICUS BANKS

BY SIBYL WACHTER

Peripsociis calif ornicus Banks is a species of the family Pso-

cidas (Corrodentia) . It is commonly found on the leaves and

bark of several species of garden shrubs and trees.

The eggs of this species are laid in masses of nine or ten

on the underside of the leaves, beneath a silken web which is,

as a rule, covered with a loosely woven canopy. Occasionally,

the canopy is absent. Observed individuals have been seen to

oviposit six masses of eggs within ten days’ time, the laying

of each mass covering a period of from twenty-four to forty-

eight hours. The eggs hatch in from eight to ten days from

the time of laying.

The first external indication of life in the eggs, as viewed

under the binocular microscope, is the appearance of a black

structure extending from the apex of the narrower anterior

end of the transparent shell backward about a fifth of the length

of the egg. It becomes very distinct the day before hatching.

The immediate sign of hatching is the movement of this mech-

anism or egg-burster, followed practically simultaneously by

the appearance of a bubble of air at its basal extremity.

Under the microscope the egg-burster appears as an elon-

gated crescent-shaped saw, semi-circular at its basal extremity,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

with the serrate edge extending from this point to its sharply

pointed anterior end. The serrate edge indents one-third of its

width. This mechanism is a part of the amnion, to which it is

attached basally by strands of membrane slightly heavier than

the rest of the amnion.

In this latter structural detail of the egg-burster we are able

to verify a previous statement of Peyerinoff, who described a

frontal chitinous organ consisting of a dentate ridge upon the

amnion of a young psocid. We came to this conclusion from

observing the amnion slip from the embryo as the body worked

itself free, for as it contracted into a wrinkled mass at the

opening of the chorion, the amnion carried with it the tiny saw,

with the aid of which the embryo had attained its freedom.

Furthermore, after dissecting the embryo from the chorion

when it was about to hatch, we were able to slip the embryo

out of the amnion, the egg-burster remaining as a part of the

amnion.

In hatching, consecutive movements of the egg-burster in-

crease gradually the extent of the area through which it works

until it finally cuts through the chorion. Two or three move-

ments are followed by a period of inactivity. In some instances

these periods last five to ten minutes. At corresponding inter-

vals bubbles of air may be seen passing into the oesophagus,

where they increase in size and number as the process advances,

and, passing down through the entire digestive tract, inflate the

body. After a few movements of the egg-burster the basal end

protrudes through the chorion, and at the break the edges

wrinkle back as the opening increases. In the posterior region

of the chorion deflation occurs, as though by the creation of a

vacuum at that point, as the frontal area of the embryo breaks

through and begins to push upward. At this time, which aver-

ages five minutes from the first signs of activity, bubbles of air

enter the alimentary canal in rapid succession, some six or eight

following each swing of the egg-burster. This now moves

through a considerable area. The direction of movement is

back and forth in the direction of the longitudinal axis of

the egg.

Each proximal movement of the anterior extremity of the

burster against the anterior extremity of the head of the em-

bryo causes a very decided indentation at that point. This is

followed by a distal movement of the burster upon which the

OCTOBER, 1925] WACHTER PERIPSOCUS EGGS

membrane resumes its previous turgid condition. There is

apparently a direct relation between the movements of the

burster and the accumulation of air in the digestive tract by

means of which the embryo issues from its membranal envelope.

This, then, would indicate an additional use of the burster. The

amnion tears triangularly from the basal extremity of the

burster toward its anterior extremity. The pressure exerted

upon the inflated body by the proximal movement of the burster

would thus seem to play some part in freeing the embryo. Pre-

vious references to the function or air and the use of the burster

in the hatching of the Psocidae have been reviewed by Knab.^

In emerging from the chorion the embryo takes barely a

minute to attain an upright position. The body rotates continu-

ally in line with the position of the egg and soon bends for-

ward, so that the burster is hidden from view. It is covered

with the amnion and presents a smooth transparent appearance

with distinct black eye-spots, which appear soon after emer-

gence. The interior is still filled with air bubbles. As the

anterior end bends forward and down, almost touching the

chorion, the amnion snaps off, splitting just below the eyes,

and is thrown off by pressure from within, a part of it remain-

ing as a wrinkled mass at the split in the chorion and a part

extending backward from the burster in the form of a minute

triangle. The body of the insect now straightens out, the con-

striction between the head and thorax becomes evident, the legs

are raised and begin to move with considerable rapidity toward

and away from the body, and the palps and antennae are gently

waved. The slipping off of the amnion from the time the body

bends over to the time of the freedom of the appendages, and

backward movement of the body into an upright position aver-

ages three minutes. The entire hatching period of the egg varies

from twenty to forty minutes. Its length seems to be deter-

mined largely by the duration of the intervals of inactivity of

the burster and the time needed to accumulate air bubbles in

the first stages of hatching.

After moving the appendages up and down for a few mo-

ments, the insect moves forward to rest lightly on its delicate

legs, and finally walks away from the egg mass. It remains

quite inaxtive for a time except for slight movements of the

abdomen, in which the air bubbles are still visible. These grad-

ually disappear. Five minutes later the psocid walks away

and for several hours remains relatively inactive.

1 Knab, Frederick, The Role of Air in the Ecdysis of Insects. Proc.

Ent. Soc., Wash., Vol. XI, 1909, 68-73.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

THOMAS LINCOLN CASEY

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL

Colonel Thomas Lincoln Casey, the well-known coleopterist,

retired engineer of the United States Army, died at his resi-

dence in the Stoneleigh Apartments, Connecticut Avenue and

L Streets, Washington, D. C., in the early morning of Feb-

ruary 3, 1925, at the age of 67 years. He had been ailing and

unable to attend to his entomological work for considerable

time. The funeral services were conducted at his residence,

and he was buried on February 6, in the Arlington Cemetery

with full military honors.

Born at West Point, New York, Colonel Casey was the son

of the late General Thomas Lincoln Casey and Mrs. Emma

Weir Casey, and was the brother of Edward Pearce Casey, a

noted architect.

Colonel Casey was a member of the Class of 1877 at Yale

and was graduated from the United States Military Academy

in 1879, and entered the Engineer Corps of the Army. He was

promoted to the grade of first lieutenant in 1881 and of captain

in July, 1888. He was made a major in 1898 and a lieutenant-

colonel in 1906. He became a colonel in September, 1909. He

married Miss Laura Welsh of Philadelphia in 1898.

During the Spanish-American War Colonel Casey was in

charge of the defense of Hampton Roads, Virginia. He had

also been at many stations, in charge of river and harbor

improvements.

He had the distinction of having been an assistant astronomer

under Professor Simon Newcomb on an expedition to Cape

of Good Hope in 1882 to make a study of the planet Venus,

He was a member of the Gree Company Commission to Texas

in 1886 and of the Mississippi River Commission in 1902-1906.

He also served on numerous other special boards, doing vari-

ous kinds of engineering and scientific research. In 1904 he

was in charge of the United States Engineering Exhibit at the

St. Louis Exposition, and between the years 1906 and 1910 he

was also an engineer and secretary of the lighthouse board. He

was retired from active service in the Army in 1912.

Colonel Casey was a member of the New York Academy

of Sciences, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,

American Society of Naturalists, the Washington Academy of

OCTOBER, 1925]

BLAISDELL T. L. CASEY

Sciences, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the University

and Century Clubs of New York and the Metropolitan, Army,

Navy, and Chevy Chase Clubs of Washington, D. C.

Personally, I first began to correspond with Colonel Casey

about 1890. My letter file yields a letter dated June 30, 1891.

For several years I submitted material to him for identifica-

tion, both while I was resident at San Diego and for the eight

and a half years that I lived at Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras

County. The results of my collecting can be traced through

his writings. I had the pleasure of visiting him in Washing-

ton in 1909, v\^hile I was in that city indexing my Monograph

on the Eleodiini. I called at his apartment in Stoneleigh Court

and from there we went to his mother’s residence at 1419

K Street, N. W. Washington. It was there that I examined a

number of his types.

Colonel Casey was a most hospitable host. In conversation

he told me that he worked but three hours a day. He explained

how he arranged and studied the specimens and species before

he began to write. He endeavored to be very careful in draw-

ing up his descriptions, and he recorded the cha.racters of the

beetles as he saw and interpreted them, not always as we would

have analyzed them — but, then, how many of us see things as

others see them? Colonel Casey has opened up many lines of

discussion regarding the question of species, subspecies, and

forms. Time will prove whether or not his views are correct.

At present it appears that time will work in his favor, if the

recent studies in S erica and Donacia are any criteria. Critics

had better remain conservative until more work has been done

on the genital characters. Colonel Casey’s decisions have been

freely criticized. He has made many more mistakes than some

other writers because he has done many times more work than

they have. The works of Dr. George Horn yield as many

errors, if his writings on the Tenebrionidse can be taken as a

criterion. Dr. Horn was too conservative and thereby retarded

the science of taxonomy. Colonel Casey advanced taxonomy

too rapidly. In spite of all this we are advancing sanely, and

the best of us can only hope to add our mite to the grand total

of the world’s knowledge.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

ECONOMIC NOTES

EDITED BY E. 0. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, California

Leptoglossus clypealis Heid.

The Yucca Elower Bug, Leptoglossus clypealis Heidemann,

was taken in great numbers by the writer, in company with

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and F. H. Wyiiiore, in the large flowers

of Yucca, in the mountains of San Diego County on April 9,

1925. During the heat of midday the bugs were exceedingly

active, and it was almost impossible to capture them, either with

a net or by hand, because of the formidable sharp-pointed yucca

leaves. Our company, however, secured quite a number of

adults, after having received many painful jabs. — E. O. Essig.

Ash-leaf Bug, Neoborus illitus Van Duzee

This very pretty little yellow and black bug was reported

in great numbers on Oregon Ash at Red Bluff, California,

April 23, 1925. — E. O. Essig.

Miscellaneous Notes

Two species of Sparganothis (Tortricidse) were reared from

walnut husks at Saticoy, California.

The common stored products mite, Tyroglyphus farince

DeGeer, has caused considerable damage to stored walnuts

at San Bruno, California.

The caterpillar of Zale nor da Smith injured blackberry vines

at Saticoy, California, by feeding on the growing tips.

Phthorimcea sp. (probably operculella Zeller) was reared

from larvae found boring in tomato stalks in San Diego County,

Three specimens of an extremely pale form of Carpocapsa

pomonella var. simpsoni Busck were reared at Saticoy, Cali-

fornia. — S. E. Flanders.

Great Abundance of Crickets in the

San Francisco Bay Region

On several nights this last August, during a period of unusual

humidity just preceding a storm, great numbers of the common

field cricket were attracted to the lights in the various cities

about San Francisco Bay. During the day the horde sought

shelter wherever they could find it, and as a result congregated

in the stores in such numbers that many of the merchants

became much worried lest their goods be injured. This is the

most numerous appearance of these insects in this territory of

which I know. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

OCTOBER, 1925]

LARSON BEAN MITES

FURTHER NOTES ON HUMAN SUFFERING

CAUSED BY MITES, PEDICULOIDES

VENTRICOSUS NEWP.

BY A. 0. LARSON

Bureau of Entomology, United States Department

of Agriculture

In an earlier article (Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 322)

the writer described the effects of injuries which he received

from the bites of the mites Pediculoides ventricosus Newp.

while handling weevily beans and cowpeas. As he was hand-

ling these mite-infested seeds daily, it was impossible to deter-

mine how soon the characteristic dermatitis appeared after the

bite had occurred, but he was of the opinion that the burning

sensation began within a very short time. On a number of occa-

sions the writer and co-workers have had minor attacks from

these mites, but, owing to the nature of the work, they have

usually been uncertain as to the time elapsing before discom-

fort became noticeable or before the appearance of reddened

spots. They thought that discomfort came within a few min-

utes, and that the spots always appeared in less than twenty-

four hours. They noticed a difference in susceptibility to the

injury. On one occasion, when three persons were similarly

exposed to the attack of mites, one who had red hair and a

ruddy complexion was injured much worse than either of the

others, while the writer showed very much less injury than

the others.

In describing the effects of applications of these mites to

various parts of the body, Dr. H. E. Ewing' (Can. Ent., Vol.

54, No. 5, p. 108) says: ^‘The appearance of reddened spots,

each with a small papule in the center, was noted the day fol-

lowing application. These spots usually did not develop into

wheals, but did itch considerably.”

Since reading the above statements, the writer and co-

workers, to their sorrow, have had another opportunity to get

first-hand information. On Monday, September 15, a laborer,

James Petersen, began sorting beans in the laboratory on a

specially prepared table. He used as a stopper at the lower

end of the table a small sample bag containing about one and

one-half pounds of beans, to prevent the beans on the table

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 2

from rolling off while they were being examined. Some time

during the day he substituted a larger bag filled with weevily

cowpeas. Tuesday morning he said he had an “awful dose of

hives” all over his arms and body. The peculiar thing about

these hives was that none were located on his legs. After an

examination I told him that his hives looked like mite bites.

There were no mites in the beans he was examining, and I

knew of no mites in the laboratory, but if mites had been crawl-

ing onto him from beans stored near by, they would have at-

tacked his legs as well as his body. He was left alone on

Tuesday, as he had been on Monday.

Wednesday morning, when I received word that he was

unable to return to work, I began the work where he had left

off, but as soon as I picked up the bag he had been using at

the lower end of the table, I knew why he was not at work.

This bag was filled with weevily cowpeas, which were badly

infested with mites. He had used the bag, not only to keep

the beans from rolling off the lower end of the table, but he

had used it to wipe the dust off the table after removing each

small lot of beans. The mites from the bag had thus been

spread all over the table and had crawled onto his arms and

body. His legs were not in contact with the table, and were

uninjured.

After removing the bag of mite-infested cowpeas and mak-

ing what I thought was a thorough cleaning of the table and

surroundings, I went to see Mr. Petersen. His body and arms

were a solid red blotch “burning like fire.” He had first noticed

this burning on Monday afternoon. It caused much discom-

fort during that night, but the addition of more mites on Tues-

day made it almost unbearable. The external burning was sup-

plemented by turns of fever followed by a cold sweat, making

sleep impossible. As the writer, on previous occasions, had

obtained relief by bathing in warm soapy water and then apply-

ing talcum powder, this treatment was recommended and im-

mediately gave temporary relief. During the night he obtained

little sleep between the several necessary applications of talcum

powder. He was back at work Thursday morning.

On Wednesday morning I went over the table with a kero-

sene-soaked cloth to remove all mites after I had burned the

mite-infested bag of cowpeas. During the afternoon the writer

OCTOBER, 1925]

LARSON BEAN MITES

and a co-laborer, Mr. C. K. Fisher, sorted beans on the table.

In a short time Mr. Fisher was scratching where mites had

bitten his arms and body, and before evening wheals had ap-

peared. The writer, having an equal opportunity during the

afternoon to become infested with mites which had remained

in the cracks of the table, and a better opportunity to become

infested in the forenoon while removing the infested bag of

cowpeas and cleaning the table, first became aware of their

ill-effects when he awoke at 5 a. m. on Thursday morning,

scratching a few burning wheals on his body and arms. Mr.

Fisher had not been in the laboratory since 7 :30' a. m. the pre-

vious Saturday, consequently the bites caused wheals to appear

on his body in less than three hours.

The table was again gone over with kerosene on Thursday

morning and work was resumed, with no new attack of mites.

At the end of a week the marks were plainly visible on the

arms of Mr. Petersen and Mr. Fisher.

In this instance, as in the one cited above, not only was the

writer injured much less than the other men, but a longer time

elapsed before the injuries became visible, and their disappear-

ance was more rapid. This indicates that different individuals

may not react similarly either in the severity of the injury or

the length of time required for the wheals and pustules to

appear. It may suggest a tendency toward an acquired immu-

nity to the effects normally produced by the first attack of the

mites.

Where to Find Zacotus matthewsi Lee.

This brilliant purplish copper-colored carabid ranges from

British Columbia to northern California and in the north as

far east as the Bitter Root Mountains of Montana. It prefers

damp situations, and in the humid lowlands is to be found in

the woods under cover not far from streams or springs. It is

here of a very brilliant copper color and rather hard to find

because of the immense amount of cover. On the high Cas-

cades, however, and the mountains of Idaho as well, as I am

told by Mr. Merton C. Lane, it is to be found far more fre-

quently. Here, close to timber line, where there is but little

litter and the old logs rest upon hard ground, they are readily

observed once the logs are turned over. The more alpine forms

are also less robust, narrower, and less brilliant. — Edwin C.

Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee^ Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

Mr. Ralph Hopping, formerly an active member of the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society, but now Forest Entomolo-

gist for the Province of British Columbia, stationed at Vernon,

B. C., and Dr. J. M. Swain, Dominion Forest Entomologist

at Ottawa, were welcome visitors at the Academy of Sciences

in October. On their return from the South a week later, they

were guests of honor at a special meeting of the Society, at

which they gave an interesting account of the work in forest

entomology being done in the Dominion of Canada.

Mr. Dudley Moulton, Horticultural Commissioner of the

County of San Francisco, and well known as a careful student

of the Thysanoptera, has prepared and is sending free to ento-

mologists interested in collecting Thrips, a small “Thysanop-

tera Collecting Kit,” containing vials, alcohol, a brush and

memorandum sheets, and especially wishes to place them with

entomologists in foreign countries. If you desire one of these

collecting outfits, address Dudley Moulton, 244 California

street, San Francisco, California.

Mr. J. C. Hamlin writes us that an official notice, under date

of September 28, has been received from Mexico City, telling

of the death of Professor Jose Maria Gallegos, in the perform-

ance of his duty in Payo Obispo, Q. R., on September 23, 1925.

Professor Gallegos was a versatile student of nature, his col-

lecting showing a broad range of interest. His chief activities

were, perhaps, centered in the birds, in which field he exhib-

ited skill as a preparator rarely excelled, combined with a tire-

less energy. Much of his recent work had been directed

toward a study of the fauna of the State of Fower California,

and included work on the interesting insect fauna of that penin-

sula. Friends of Professor Gallegos will always remember him

as a gentleman endowed with a most pleasing personality. He

was a distinguished member of the Administration and of the

Society of Biological Sciences of Mexico. Both of these insti-

tutions are most unfortunate in the loss of this worker in the

prime of his life.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts. Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

For Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

From California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, Series 4

Williams, F. X., Butterflies and Hawk-Moths of the Galapagos

Islands. 33 pages, colored plate. 1911. 50 cents.

Hebard, Morgan, Dermaptera and Orthoptera (of the Galapagos

Islands). 35 pages, Illust, 1920. $1.

Ferris, G. F., A Catalogue and Host List of the Anoplura. 84

pages. 1916. 50 cents.

Essig, E. O., and Kuwana, S. I., Some Japanese Aphididse. 77

pages, Illust. 1918. 45 cents.

Aldrich, J. M., Kelp Flies of North America. 22 pages, Illust.,

1918. 25 cents.

Cole, F. R. and Lovett, A. L., New .Oregon Diptera. 34 pages,

6 plates. 1919. 40 cents.

Hanna, G. D. and others. Insects of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

42 pages, Illust. 1921. 50 cents.

Cole, F. R. and Lovett, A. L., An Annotated List of the Diptera

of Oregon. 147 pages, Illust. 1921. $!.*■

Curran, C. H., Revision of the Pipiza Group of the Syrphidse

from North America. 48 pages, Illust. 1921. 60 cents.

Address: California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California, U. S. A.

Vol. II

Tanuarv, 1926

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HAMLIN, IMPORTANT OPUNTIA INSECTS OF THE UNITED STATES ... 97

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NOTES AND NEW SPECIES 106

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, TWO NEW WESTERN PHAL^NID^ Ill

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OF CARABID^ IN THE SUBFAMILY HARPALINJT;,

CHIEFLY FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 113

FALL, LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ALASKA AND ADJACENT PARTS

OF THE YUKON TERRITORY IN 1924 - 127

MASON, TWO SPECIES OF THRIPS FROM CALIFORNIA 155

FLANDERS, NOTES ON PARASITES AT SATICOY, CALIFORNIA 157

KESEL, SEX-LIMITED POLYCHROMATISM IN LASIOPHTICUS PYRASTRI . . . 159

EDITORIAL 160

San Francisco, California

1926

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

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REGIONAL MEMBERS

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofSce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. II, No. 3 January, 1926

BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON IMPORTANT OPUNTIA

INSECTS OE THE UNITED STATES ^

BY JOHN C. HAMLIN

Fresno, California

INTRODUCTION

The general data recorded in this paper were secured dur-

ing the writer’s North American work in connection with the

Australian Commonwealth Prickly-pear Board’s project for the

biological control of the prickly-pear pests acclimated in Queens-

land and New South Wales. An earlier paper on this subject

was published in the July, 1925, number of this journal.

A Species Attacking the New Growth

Mimorista flavidissimalis Grote ^

DESCRIPTIVE

Adult. The adult, expanding about one inch, is bright yellow

with darker markings arranged in four irregular transverse

bands on the wings. These markings vary from an incon-

spicuous brown to a distinct blackish-brown color.

Egg. To the unaided eye the egg appears as a tiny, sub-

circular, irridescent disc attached to the flat surface of the joint.

The finely roughened surface is very slightly but regularly

convexed. The disc measures 0.75 mm. in diameter.

Larva. Eull-grown larvae measure about one-half inch in

length, and are of a yellowish-white color.

Pupa. The pupa is about two-fifths of an inch long, of a

polished light-brown color, with the head blackish. It rests

against the cactus joint and is covered by a whitish, convexed

cocoon of thin, tightly woven material. Pupation usually takes

place in wrinkles of dried joints.

LIFE HISTORY

The eggs are deposited singly or in small groups on the newly

formed joints, usually near the upper edges. Often two or

1 For determinations of species mentioned herein the author is in-

debted to the appropriate specialists of the Taxonomic Division, United

States Bureau of Entomology.

2 Order Lepidoptera, Family Pyralidae.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3 ,

more eggs overlap. The extremes of the incubation period were

not determined, but in midsummer it is from three to five days.

Soon after hatching the larvae spin a delicate web, beneath

which they feed, either singly or several beneath one web. They

are not entirely external feeders, for they are frequently found

within the young joints or nopalitos.^ When fully developed, the

larvae spin their characteristic cocoons on the joints which have

succumbed to their attack, or occasionally on nearby living

joints. Duration of the larval and the pupal stages were not

independently determined.

During midsummer a generation is produced in four weeks.

The shortest life cycle was recorded at Uvalde, Texas, in

June, 1921. Newly emerged adults were caged on June 1 with

plants bearing nopalitos. The first moths of the succeeding

generation appeared on June 26, while the peak of emergence

was reached on June 29. From the four females originally

placed in this cage were reared 221 adults of the next genera-

tion. These figures indicate a minimum egg-deposition of fifty-

five per female, but the actual number laid was probably in

excess of the number of individuals successfully reaching the

imaginal condition.

In the lower Rio Grande Valley, where M. Uavidissimalis is

most abundant, the species appears to have about eight genera-

tions annually. The first generation is completed at Browns-

ville, Texas, early in April. The last generation of autumn, all

stages of which show a greatly retarded development, extends

over the mild winter. The pupal condition is undoubtedly the

stage in which the species passes the winter farther north.

HABITS AND FOOD PLANTS

During the day the adults rest on shaded parts of the plant.

At dusk they may be seen flying about among the cactus clumps,

usually alighting on the young joints. Mating and oviposition

have not been observed, but these activities evidently transpire

at night.

This species has never been found attacking any cacti other

than the platyopuntias.^ Moreover, in the field its attack was

observed to be confined to the young, tender joints of these

3 Nopalito is a Spanish term which refers to a definite stage in the

growth of the Opuntia joint, being applied to the tender, newly formed

joint before it has thrown off the rudimentary true leaves.

JANUARY, 1926 ] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

cacti. Among the Opuntias, however, no restriction to species

was noted.

On one occasion a distinct variation in feeding habit was

observed in a cage poorly supplied with nopalitos. The heavy,

basal joints ceased putting forth new joints, leaving the large

number of larvae with an inadequate supply of dying nopalitos.

When the cage was dismantled all nopalitos were dead, being

very dry and hard. By chance, it was found that considerable

numbers of the larvae had successfully met this condition by

boring into the mature joints at the points of attachment of the

dried nopalitos. Some individuals had penetrated the tough

fiber to a depth of two inches, acting much as other internal

feeders.

INJURY

Owing to the small size and tenderness of the joints against

which Mimorista Paijidissimalis larvae direct their attack, these

parts are very quickly killed. Even when only a few larvae are

present their work weakens the attachment of the nopalito to

the plant and it falls to the ground where, if not completely

killed by the insects, it has not the substance to establish itself.

Occasionally, joints recover from the attacks of the larvae, but

they remain deformed. Such recovery is believed to be due to

the eggs having been laid on small young joints which had

toughened considerably.

The many generations during the growing season and its

attack against the new growth render this species a formidable

enemy of the prickly-pears in the region where it is abundant.

Were its distribution more general, it would rank among the

most important Opuntia insects of the United States.

DISTRIBUTION

Hunter et al.^ noted the species as having a restricted range,

recording it in Texas from Hallettsville and San Antonio,

southward, and in Arizona from Tucson. While the writer has

taken specimens at Uvalde, San Antonio, Victoria, and Browns-

ville, Texas, and at Piedras Negras, Mexico, the species has

been observed to be of importance only in the lower Rio Grande

Valley. This distribution seems certainly to be correlated with

4 The Principal Cactus Insects of the United States, by Hunter, W. D.,

Pratt, P. C., and Mitchell, J. D., U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bull., 113, 1912.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

moisture. Since young joints are required monthly through-

out the summer for oviposition and larval development, those

sections of the cactus country which are very dry during mid-

summer are not suited to continuous propagation of large

numbers of this species.

In this connection it is of interest to note that the so-called

prickly-pear rat {Neotoma micropus Baird), in pruning the

Opuntia plants during feeding, stimulates the production of

new joints which, occurring throughout the summer, constitute

a considerable factor in the propagation of this insect.

NATURAL ENEMIES

The foremost parasite of Mimorista Havidissimalis is a spe-

cies of Casinaria, probably infesta (Cresson). A collection of

100 Mimorista larvae from Brownsville, Texas, in June pro-

duced 20 of these ichneunionid parasites. Another parasite, less

abundant than the former, is Eiphosonia brucsi Cushman.

Cottony Cochineal Insects : Dactylopius spp.^

Two species of wild or cottony cochineal insects are impor-

tant enemies of Opuntia in the United States. These are Dacty-

lopius tomentosus Lamarck and D. confusus Cockerell. As

implied by the common names, these forms are distinguished

from the dye-producing species by the profuse covering of pure

white wax in contrast to the light, powdery covering of the

latter.

Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamarck)

The adult female is hidden by the tomentose wax covering.

These white clumps contain several female insects. The indi-

vidual clumps are of somewhat greater extent and are hardly

so symmetrical as are those of D. confusus Ckll, The insects

themselves are soft-bodied, rounded, and of a dull-reddish color.

The adult males are rarely seen in the field, although they are

produced in abundance. The body of the male is 1 mm. long,

while its length, inclusive of the wings, is nearly 2 mm. From

the posterior end of the abdomen project two slender processes

4 Order Hemiptera, Family Coccidee.

JANUARY, 1926] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

101

slightly more than 2 mm, in length. The male is red, with the

wings and abdominal processes pure white.

SEASONAL HISTORY

The mature females produce living young which crawl about

over the plant until a suitable feeding place is found. Here

they insert their probosces and suck the juices of the plant.

After once becoming settled these “crawlers’’ are unable to

move to another location. The males are produced in small

white tubes which appear on end in the waxy covering of the

female. Several generations are produced during the summer.

It seems that a generation is produced in from five to seven

weeks. The crawlers of the last generation in autumn seek shel-

tered places to settle themselves for the winter. It has been

observed that the overwintering brood lives upon the roots or

stems beneath the surface of the ground or next to the ground

on prostrate-growing or fallen joints.

HABITS

The summer broods of crawlers travel upward and cluster

on the topmost spines of the plant upon which they were devel-

oped. Undoubtedly, this habit greatly influences the dissemi-

nation of the species, for such tiny creatures, with the few

strands of the tomentum already formed, would be carried very

considerable distances by the wind.

FOOD PLANTS

Dactylopius tomentosus Lamarck has been found only on

Opuntia. In the field, however, the species occurs as distinct

biological strains or races. Thus, cochineals have been found

feeding upon certain prickly-pears which refused to feed upon

certain other species. The Texas strain has been found to

prefer Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm., while the strain from

Tucson, Arizona, lives upon a white-spined Opuntia, and the

Chico, California, strain prefers prickly-pear different from

either of the former. After due time, and under the stress of

starvation, a very small percentage of a new generation may

be induced to settle upon a species of Opuntia which was pre-

viously refused when its favorite type was also available. While

it is known that these strains can adapt themselves to groups

of Opuntias other than those preferred, the extent of such capa-

bilities has not been determined. Structurally, these strains

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

were not distinguishable, and all were determined as belonging

to this species.

INJURY TO PLANT

The etfect of the sucking of these insects is to devitalize the

plant and finally to cause affected joints to dry out completely.

The new growth is effectually checked when these insects are

abundant, for the crawlers settle upon it in preference to the

older joints and quickly cause it to drop from the plant. After

its severance from the plant the insects, being unable to migrate,

continue their sucking until it is completely killed. Thus, the

injury of this cochineal is effected by preventing new growth

and by a gradual killing of the older terminal joints.

DISTRIBUTION

Dactylopius tomentosus Lamarck has been secured by the

writer from Chico, California; Tucson, Arizona; and Uvalde,

Texas. Hunter el alP recorded the species from New Mexico,

Arizona, and Mexico.

Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell)

This insect presents very much the same appearance as the

foregoing species, but the white clumps are somewhat smoother

and appear a little more rounded. Its seasonal history, habits,

and character of injury are very similar to those of its con-

genitor. This species seems to be even more closely restricted

in feeding habits than the preceding species. The writer has

collected it in Florida at Miami, Coconut Grove, Larkin, West

Palm Beach, Palatka, and Gainesville, and at Brownsville,

Texas.

NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE COCHINEALS

Aside from the eleven enemies recorded,® the writer has

found Zophodia quadric olorella (Dyar) ® to be a most impor-

tant predator in material from both Brownsville, Texas, and

Miami, Florida. The larvae of this moth burrow beneath the

waxy covering of the cochineal clumps and devour the soft-

bodied coccids. When fully developed, the predaceous larvae

spin cocoons beneath the cochineal wax, leaving no external

evidence that the waxy material of the former inhabitant now

5 U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bull., 113, 1912.

6 This species is assigned to the genus Poujadia in the Barnes and Mc-

Dunnough catalogue, but Doctor Dyar tells me that it is a Phycetine and

should go in Zophodia.

JANUARY, 1926] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

103

covers only the cocoons of a predator. As many as three

cocoons of this moth have been found under a single cochineal

clump, while, occasionally, four or five small larvse have been

found beneath a waxy mass feeding on the cochineals.

A Species Inhibiting the Development of Seeds

Asphondylia OPUNTIA Felt

The mosquito-like adult has never been seen in the field by

the writer. During March the puparia may be seen protrud-

ing from the previous season’s fruits, quite commonly upward

of fifty projecting from one fruit. The midges issue in the

canyon country north of Uvalde, Texas, during the latter half

of March. At this time the flowers of Opuntia have not opened.

In early May a slight yellowing of certain fruits indicates the

presence of larvae, which may be found in the interstices formed

by the rudimentary seeds. They are extremely small and are

barely distinguishable to the naked eye as tiny dots of light

yellow. There are no feeding marks to be seen on the seeds,

and the fruits show a normal degree of turgidity.

Later observations showed no change except a deepening of

the yellow color of affected fruits, and perhaps the production

of one or more small joints or fruits from the infested fruit.

In August the larvae were of the same size and color as when

first observed, and no damage to the seeds was apparent. The

seeds showed just the same state of development observed

in May. In October no changes in the larvae or seeds were

apparent. Likewise, in December no changes could be noted.

During midwinter the larvae evidently have a greatly acceler-

ated development, since they attain a fair size and destroy the

interior of the fruit just before the puparia protrude in March.

There is, then, only one generation annually. From the above

observations it seems that the larvae are greatly retarded in

their development, so that for about nine months they undergo

no perceptible changes. Moreover, it seems that their effect of

transforming the fruit functionally from a reproductive to a

vegetative part is accomplished without entering the seeds or

fleshy interior of the fruit. This inhibitory effect upon the

seeds may be caused by a secretion.

This species is widely distributed. It is recorded ® from

7 Order Diptera, Family Cecidomyiidae.

8 U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bull., 113, 1912.

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

many Texas localities and ranges southward to San Luis Potosi,

Mexico, and westward to Los Angeles, California.

An Opuntia Longicorn

Moneilema crassa Le Conte ®

The large, robust, wingless adult is from three-fifths to four-

fifths of an inch in length. The female is shining black through-

out, while, anteriorly, the elytra of the male are sparsely mottled

with whitish.

The eggs are cylindrical with both ends abruptly and regu-

larly convexed, measuring 3.00 to 3.25 mm. in length and 1.50

to 1.75 mm. in width. They are deposited either on cactus or

soil where the plant and the earth make contact.

The larvae enter the plant just below the surface of the soil,

arranging their cells so that the excess moisture is absorbed

by the ground immediately adjacent. In many instances this

wet soil is shaped to form the lower part of the larval cell.

Pupation takes place in the earth just below the scene of the

larval activities. The spheroidal cocoon is slightly more than

one inch in diameter and is composed largely of earth, but may

contain a small amount of the fibers of the plant.

This Opuntia longicorn has two generations annually in the

Uvalde, Texas, region. The winter is passed in the larval stage

and the spring adults appear in greatest abundance during late

April and early May. Second generation adults appear in Sep-

tember. The adults live from two to three months in summer.

Various species of Opuntia and Echinocereus, called “pita-

haya,” are the plants in which this species breeds in Southwest

Texas. The adults feed preferably upon the young, tender

joints or nopalitos, but also quite commonly on the fruits and

older joints.

During the day the adults secrete themselves about the base

of the cactus clump or among the debris which constitutes the

massive covering of the pear-rat’s^® abode. With the approach

of dusk the first few beetles leave their shelter and crawl upon

the plants, where they feed and mate during the night. In the

morning, when the sun’s rays strike them, they descend to

cover. It was, therefore, found that the most effective period

of the day for collecting them is between dawn and about 8 a. m.

9 Order Coleoptera, Family Cerambycidse.

10 Neotoma micro-pus Baird.

JANUARY, 1926] HAMLIN OPUNTIA INSECTS

105

Indeed, with little effort one may capture during this brief

period more beetles than could be collected by several persons

during the day by the laborious method of chopping and mov-

ing the heavy Opuntia plants. On cloudy days the beetles

remain on the upper portions of the plant until much later in

the day.

On account of the semi-subterranean life of the larvae and

the nocturnal habits of the adults, these insects are always a

rather obscure factor in the cactus-insect complex, despite the

importance of their injury. Two reliable indications will serve

to reveal the presence of the insect. First, infested plants are

in a disheveled state, much fallen, and the basal portions are

in a state of decomposition. This condition results from the

larval attack and constitutes the principal injury accomplished

by this species. Second, the feeding marks of the adults on

the upper portions of the plant show the presence of the beetles

in the immediate vicinity, for, being dependent upon crawling

as a means of locomotion, they do not travel far. This gnaw-

ing of the joints is insignificant in comparison to the larval

damage.

The species was collected at many points in the field in the

Uvalde, Texas, region. Its habitat is the dry, rolling country

of Southwest Texas.

NATURAL ENEMIES

Two parasites of M. crassum have come under observation.

The first developed from larvae collected in the La Pryor,

Texas, district during December, 1920. During the following

spring three puparia of this dipterous parasite were found

within one dead larva. This Moneilema larva was destroyed

just prior to the pupation of the other individuals. Unfortu-

nately, these parasites were lost during the interval between

dismantling the Florida station and the belated establishment

of Texas headquarters.

During the autumn of 1922, Mr. E. Mortensen found at

Uvalde, Texas, a minute egg-parasite destroying practically all

of the eggs deposited by large stocks of caged beetles. This

parasite has been described as a new species under the name

of Oencyrtus moneilcmce Gahan.

11 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 27, 1925.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

NOTES AND NEW SPECIES (LEPID.,

PHALAENID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Rhizagrotis epipsilioides Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov,*

Head and thorax cream-gray. Palpi similar, marked with black.

Fore wing: Ground color cream-gray, dusted with black; basal line

and dash obsolete; t. a. line black, diffuse, broad, indicated by pow-

dery black scales, inwardly oblique from costa, ragged, produced to

an inward point on median vein, thence strongly excurved to inner

margin; orbicular obsolete; reniform a powdery, black, nearly round,

mark; t. p. line black, powdery, produced to points on the veins,

excurved from costa to vein 4, thence incurved to inner margin;

veins marked by black scales; s. t. line diffuse, marked by blackish

scales; its course indeterminate other than approximately parallel

to the outer margin; a row of terminal black dots between the

veins; fringes luteous at base, followed by a fuscous line, then a

whitish line, then another fuscous line, and with pale tips. Hind

wing: Pale, whitish, the veins and outer margin suffused with fus-

cous; fringes luteous at base, a fuscous interline, and white tips.

Beneath: General coloration much as above, somewhat paler; with

an obsolescent blackish common line, on the hind wing marked on

the veins only; a diffuse discal blotch on fore wing, and an obsoles-

cent discal dot on hind wing. Expanse, 41 mm.

The roughened, although not tuberculate Irons, allies the in-

sect to certain Rhizagrotis species, notably R. polingi B. and

Benj., to which it seems allied by habitus. The rather rough

thorax suggests Epipsilia, but the vestiture is composed of bi-

and trifurcate narrow scales mixed with some hair. The present

species, like polingi, is another connecting link between the

genera of the “Euxoa^ and Lycophotia groups. European

workers would probably place it in Lycophotia or '"Agrotis,”

but because of the Irons we prefer to place it in Rhizagrotis .

Superficially, the appearance is very similar to smooth-looking

‘‘Agr Otis’’ aurulenta Sm,, but it may be distinguished by its

black-sided palpi, more roughened Irons, and broader-scaled

thoracic vestiture.

Locality: Vineyard, Utah.

Types: Holotype $, VI-11-18, unique.

Notes: In Barnes collection, Tom Spalding, collector.

* Indicates that the type was submitted to Dr. William Schaus in order

to be sure the species had not been described from the neotropics. Thanks

are due Dr. Schaus for his numerous kindnesses.

JANUARY, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN NEW MOTHS

107

“Agrotis” scaramangoides Barnes and Benjamin,

sp. nov.*

Antennae of male serrate and fasciculate. Head and collar rufous,

brown, luteous and gray, mixed, the collar tipped with purplish.

Thorax dull wood-brown. Abdomen similar, paler basally. Fore

wing; Ground color pale brownish cream with black and brown

powderings; costa narrowly edged with brownish-black, else the

costal region of the pale ground color, which is conspicuous only

in the filling of the stigmata and edging of the veins which are

narrowly marked by black; all transverse maculation obsolete; or-

bicular narrow, outwardly oblique from radius and obtusely angled

in cell, the lower part nearly erect; reniform nearly erect, narrow,

only slightly constricted and bent; cell before and between the stig-

mata black-filled; some black filling distad of the reniform; a black

broad streak below cell taking the place of the basal dash and clavi-

form; s. t. line indicated only by a slight darkening between the

veins and by the terminal portion of the wing being darker than

the general ground color; an obsolescent terminal row of dots be-

tween the veins; fringe yellowish at base, interlined with fuscous and

tipped with pale luteous. Hind wing: Nearly uniform brownish fus-

cous, with slightly darker veins, and somewhat paler basally; fringe

yellowish at base, obscurely interlined, and tipped with pale luteous.

Beneath: Fore wing nearly uniformly dull fuscous; hind wing

whitish, with darker veins, and a scattered fuscous suffusion which

considerably darkens the wing distally; fringes as on upper side.

Expanse, 38 mm.

Unallied to any North American insect known to us. In

appearance almost exactly like Warren’s figure of scaramangce,^

but differing by the terminal space being nearly as dark as the

s. t. dashes, and in that the black and pale lined veins 3 and 4

run to the outer margin, while the other veins have a similar

tendency.

We describe in ^'Agrotis” in the Hampsonian sense, pend-

ing a decision on the availability of certain Hubnerian genera

now being considered by the Internal Commission.

Locality: Bald Mountain, Ward, Colorado.

Types Holotype 6 , August, unique.

Notes : In Barnes collection, E. J. Oslar, collector.

POLIA FALSA Grt.

(partim 6 nec $ )

1880, Grote, Can. Ent., XII, 215, Perigea.

1893, Smith, Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 153, Perigea.

1 Prom Turkestan, Mongolia, and Tibet; 1909, Warren, in Seitz, Macro-

lepid., Ill, 50, pi. XI, b.

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 111, No. 1120, Perigea.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 388 ( 6 nec 9 ), Polia.

micta Hamp.

1918, Hampson, Nov. Zool., XXV, 117, Miselia.

In 1906 Hampson recognized a mixed type series of falsa

Grt. and restricted the name to the 6 type, renaming the spe-

cies represented by the 9 type Bryomima fallax. In Nov. ZooL,

1918, he attempted to change the name falsa back to Bryomima

(type 2 ) and renamed the 6 type Miselia micta, on the

grounds that the 6 type did not fit the original description in

regard to its hairy eyes.

We scarcely see how this enters the matter. When Hamp-

son first selected one species to hold the nam^ falsa out of a

mixed type series, he might well have selected the species best

fitting the original description. However, he chose the hairy-

eyed species to hold the name falsa, and we do not see how this

fixation can be discarded even by himself.

We might mention that we find nothing in the code which

states that a description must be either adequate or accurate,

and call attention to the fact that a number of authors have

erroneously described hairy-eyed forms as possessing smooth

eyes, and vice versa. In fact, the unique type of Grote’s ''Ma-

mestra'' ferrealis is in Oligia.^

We are retaining falsa for the hairy-eyed species and fallax

for the lashed-eyed species.

Septis ona Sm.

1909, Smith, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVII, 58, Luperina.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IX, 499, pi. CXLVII, f. 20,

Parastichtis.

stygia Dyar.

1915, Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XLVII, 377, Trachea.

Professor M. Draudt informed us of the probable synonomy

and asked that we investigate. Accordingly, a specimen of ona,

agreeing with the cotypes and series in the Barnes collection,

was submitted to Dr. Schaus to compare with type stygia in

the United States National Museum. Dr. Schaus states our

specimen “is a perfect match of stygiaB

S. ona Sm., burgessi Morr., and relicina Morr. are very close

allies. The abdomen of each is tufted, so that they seem out

2 See 1923, B. and Benj., Can. Ent., LV, pp. 264-265.

JANUARY, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN NEW MOTHS

109

of place in Luperina. We suggest Septis as a better placement,

although we might here mention that we see little to separate

Septis from Trachea.

Luperina enargia Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Head and thorax luteous, strongly tinged with rufous-purple. Fore

wing: Ground color luteous, tinged and irrorated with rufous-purple;

ordinary lines except the s. t. of rufous-purple, single; basal line

obsolescent; t. a. line in the form of three waves from costa to

inner margin; median shade broad, outwardly oblique from costa

through cell filling in space between the ill-defined, luteous, blotchy

stigmata, angled at base of reniform, thence inwardly oblique; t. p.

line outwardly oblique on costa, thence parallel to costa, thence out-

wardly oblique to a sharp point on vein 6, thence inwardly oblique

and produced to points on the veins, which are strongly marked

by rufous-purple; s. t. line pale, rather as a waved transverse of

ground color bordered by a slight powdering of rufous-purple scales

than as a real line; terminal line thin, more or less interrupted by

the veins; fringe rufous-purple, obscurely mottled and interlined,

paler basally. Hind wing: Black, tinged with rufous-purple, only a

slight trace of luteous on disc, fringe rufous-purple, paler basally.

Beneath, ground color luteous, strongly suffused with rufous-purple,

and powdered by black scales, a common black line across wings,

discal black dot on hind wing only; veins, especially of hind wing,

darkened. Expanse: 6, 37 mm.; 9, 34 mm.

Similar to Luperina venosa Sm. ; somewhat smaller, smoother

appearing ; the fore wing, with the fuscous scales and markings,

replaced by rufous-purple; the hind wing much darker, black

tinged with rufuus-purple, and nearly lacking yellowish on

upper side.

Type locality: Monachee Meadows, Tulare County, Cali-

fornia, 8000 feet.

Number and sexes of type: Holotype 6 and allotype $,

July 8-14.

Platyperigea camina Sm.

1894, Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 60, pi. VI, f. 9, Platyperigea.

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LI I, 109, No. 1096, Platyperigea.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 417, pi. CXXXIII, f. 4

(type), ignot., Petilampa.

The typical form from Colorado is much like Hampson’s

figure in markings, but the figure is too large and red. We par-

ticularly call attention to the dentate but evenly curved t. p. line

and the short dash in the cell which takes the place of the

orbicular. Besides a short series from several Colorado local!-

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

ties, the form is apparently represented in the Barnes collection

by single specimens from Montana and Wyoming.

Platyperigea camina race alpha Barnes and

Benjamin, nov.

A race, or very likely only a maculation form, with mark-

ings similar to those of typical camina, but with the black dash

which takes the place of the orbicular greatly elongated, dis-

tally nearly making contact with the reniform and continued

mesad to the base of the wing.

Type locality: Deer Creek, Provo Canon, Utah.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6, lO-IX-18; one 6

paratype, id., 22-VIII-13.

Notes : Barnes collection, from Tom Spalding.

Platyperigea camina race beta Barnes and

Benjamin, nov.

In general similar to typical camina, but the t. p. line when

visible is much more strongly dentate, its course less evenly

curved, a tooth produced inwardly nearly to the reniform and

another strong inward tooth in the submedian fold, nearly mak-

ing contact with a strong outward tooth on the t. a. line. T. a,

and t. p. lines distally marked with white. In many specimens

it is difficult to see the exact course of the lines, but the present

form is usually easily sorted on its decidedly strigate appear-

ance. Such differences of appearance and markings have nearly

universally been accepted as of specific value. Possibly beta is

a valid species. However, we prefer to call it a subspecies

(race) until there is further evidence of its relationship to

other described forms.

It is represented in the Barnes collection from Jemez Springs,

New Mexico, and Clark County, Nevada, as well as from the

type localities.

Type localities and number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 ,

Paradise, Arizona, 24-31 July; allotype 2, id., 1-7 October;

20 6 , 30 $ paratypes, id., various dates, August, September,

and October ; 1 6,5 2 paratypes, Palmerlee, Arizona, no

dates.

Notes : Types in Barnes collection ; 2 6,2 2 paratypes in

U. S. N. M.

JANUARY, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN TWO PHAL^NID^ 111

TWO NEW WESTERN PHAL^NID^

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Polia wyatti Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale gray, with a few luteous and

black scales; basal line faintly geminate, its mesial part deep black,

erect on costa, produced along median vein, inwardly oblique to

vein 1; a black dash from termination of basal line, in submedian

fold, through about one-third of the t. a. space; t. a. line geminate,

mesial part obsolescent, distal part black, outwardly oblique, waved

from costa to below cell, excurved to base of claviform, strongly

dentate inwardly on vein 1, thence strongly excurved to inner

margin; orbicular large, rounded, white, filled with gray, and out-

lined with black scales; two black spots on costa, one each side of

the orbicular; claviform large, outlined by black, with pale gray fill-

ing, extending to or nearly to the t. p. line; reniform large, irregular,

pale, faintly outlined by black with central pale crescent outlined by

gray, somewhat constricted in middle, distally making contact with

the t. p. line, mesially produced as a point on median vein; t, p.

geminate, its outer line obsolescent, inner line marked by black, pro-

duced to long points on the veins, oblique on costa, excurved to

veins 4 or 5, incurved to claviform, at the distal end of which it

forms a small w-mark, outwardly oblique to vein 1, inwardly oblique

to inner margin; s. t. line obsolescent, marked by some sagitate

black dashes in a course nearly parallel to the outer margin; a ter-

minal row of dots between the veins; fringe pale at base, interlined

and checkered by blackish. Hind wing fuscous, with paler, broad,

obsolescent median shade; with a thin dark terminal line; fringe

luteous with a fuscous interline. Beneath: Fore wing dull gray; hind

wing white, with a few scattered fuscous scales. Expanse, 40-44 mm.

A peculiar species, with a rather rough front, but obviously

not a Scotogramma. The habitus is that of a well-marked,

narrow-winged lustralis, but structurally nearer to insolens.

The eyes are strongly lashed from behind, and possibly a few

lashes from near the base of the antennae, suggestive of Lasi-

onycta. The fore tibiae are unarmed, and the tarsi are rather

heavily spined, but not heavily enough to prohibit placement in

Polia, which term we use in the sense of Hampson, knowing

that the correct name is probably Hadena.

Type locality : Fort Canby, Washington.

Number and sexes of types : Holotype $ , and 1 $ para-

type, VIII-7-12, H. Ramstadt collection.

Notes : Received through Mr. A. K. Wyatt of Chicago, Illi-

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

nois, for whom we take pleasure in naming the species. Mr.

Wyatt has kindly allowed us to retain the holotype.

Papaipema dribi Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Head and thorax purple-rufous; basal antennal segments white;

tegulce white-tipped. Fore wing: Ground color yellow, strongly

tinged with rufous and powdered with dull purplish scales; basal

spot white or purple-gray; subbasal area concolorous with median

area; subbasal line strongly excurved from costa to submedian fold,

bent inwardly at base of cell; t. a. area purple-gray above vein 1;

t. a. line double, angled inward on subcosta, thence outwardly ob-

lique to median vein, incurved in submedian space, strongly excurved

above inner margin; claviform indicated by a minute luteous-white

spot defined by purple-gray, below which is another minute spot

containing two white scales surrounded by purple-gray; orbicular

rounded, white, defined by purple-gray with a rufous distal point;

reniform large, oblique, constricted on inner side at middle, with a

luteous center defined by rufous and surrounded by white spots

defined by purple-gray; medial shade purple-gray, outwardly oblique

from costa, inwardly oblique from cell; t. p. line double, excurved

to about vein 4, incurved in submedian area; s. t. line irregular, its

course not well defined; an apical yellowish patch; terminal line thin,

purple-gray; fringe luteous at base, distally purple-gray, interlined

with luteous and purple-gray. Hind wing luteous-white, suffused

with rufous and purple-gray. Beneath: Luteous-white, tinged with

rufous and purple-gray. Expanse, 38 mm.

Allied to marginidens ; but with somewhat the habitus of

merriccata. The genitalia, examined superficially, are much like

those of marginidens , the clasper and ventral arm of the valve

appearing shorter and heavier.

Mr. Henry Bird has seen the specimen, which we had already

compared with the various Western types in the United States

National Museum, and agreed with us that a new species was

involved. When asked to describe it he declined, but very kindly

advised us to do so.

Type locality : High Rolls, New Mexico.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6, August, J. G.

Bonniwell collector.

Notes : The name hirdi having been used for a Papaipema,

v/e take pleasure in using the anogram drihi.

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

113

NEW SPECIES OF CARABID^ IN THE SUBFAMILY

HARPALIN.E, CHIEFLY FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

(Continued from page 76)

Pterostichus rufofemoralis Van Dyke, new species

Rather robust, somewhat flattened, black, with the base of first

antennal segment, coxae, trochanters and femora, except the apices,

an orange-red, the head and prothorax smooth and shining, the

elytra subopaque and alutaceous. Head large, considerably over one-

half breadth of prothorax and slightly longer than broad; frontal

grooves prominent; mandibles robust and of normal length; eyes

large; antennae moderately robust, extending slightly beyond the base

of prothorax. Prothorax robust, as broad as long, slightly narrowed

posteriorly, apex shallowly but evenly emarginate, base almost trans-

verse, sides distinctly arcuate throughout, hind angles rounded;

lateral margins moderate, reflexed and with well-marked flattened

fossae within, which broaden basally; disc convex, median longitu-

dinal groove deeply impressed and almost complete, anterior trans-

verse impression well defined, the posterior vague, basal impressions

single, broad and deep posteriorly and coarsely irregularly punctured,

a rounded tubercle to the outer side (in the paratype or second

specimen this is less evident), the base not margined. Elytra three-

fifths longer than head and prothorax combined, five-eighths as

broad as long, elliptical; humeri well rounded, humeral angles absent;

disc convex, striae deeply impressed, complete, uniform throughout,

finely rather closely punctured, intervals convex, slightly crenulate

and vaguely rugose near middle; third with four shallow foveae, the

first about one-fourth distant from base, the second near the middle

and the others closer together and not far from the apex; scutellar

striae rather long and on either side of the suture at base. Legs

fairly robust; first segment of posterior tarsi obscurely grooved at

base on either side; posterior trochanters of moderate size. Apex of

prosternum not margined. Beneath, with the sides of head finely

rugose, the lateral thoracic sclerites and sides of first two abdominal

segments rather coarsely punctured, the median portion of body with

the abdomen posteriorly smooth and shining. Length, 13 mm.;

breadth, 5 mm.

Holotype, female (No. 1853, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and

paratype female in my collection, captured on Iron Creek, sixty

miles north of Nome, Alaska, August 23, 1913, by J. Aug.

Kusche and by him kindly presented to me.

This interesting and most distinct species should be associated

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

with Pterostichus punctatissimus Rand. It has the same general

facies, and is about the size of a small specimen of the latter.

It is in general less robust, its head and prothorax smaller, the

elytra more elliptical, the intervals regular, and the thighs a

clear orange-red instead of black. The males will, no doubt,

be found to have the elytra more shining.

Pterostichus pacificus Van Dyke, new species

Small, robust yet graceful, shining, head and prothorax black,

elytra piceous brown, mouthparts, antennae, legs, prothoracic epi-

pleurae and epipleurae rufopiceous. Head rather large, slightly more

than three-fifths as broad as prothorax; frontal grooves well im-

pressed, non-punctate; mandibles of type usual in subgenus Cryobius;

eyes moderately prominent (less convex than in riparius) ; antennae

rather slender, extending beyond hind angles of prothorax. Pro-

thorax slightly broader than long; apex emarginate; anterior angles

prominent, base slightly emarginate at middle; sides narrowly arcu-

ate from apex to one-fourth distance from base, there sinuate and

straight to hind angles which are right-angled; lateral margin well

defined and markedly reflexed; disc convex, median longitudinal

groove sharply defined and almost complete, anterior transverse im-

pression vague, the posterior distinctly defined; basal impressions

each a single flat-bottomed pit projecting forward along the inner

margin, rugosely punctured at bottom, without distinct carina near

hind angles, base with indistinct margin near angles. Elytra one-

fifth longer than head and prothorax combined, three-fifths as broad

as long; humeri distinct though rounded, the sides moderately arcu-

ate and rounded to sutural angles as usual, the margin fine; disc con-

vex, slightly flattened at middle; striae clearly defined and complete,

more deeply impressed basally and apically, punctuation obscure,

intervals flattened at middle, somewhat convex near base and apex;

third stria with a well-defined fovea one-third distance from base

and another one-fourth distance from apex, scutellar stria rather

long and well impressed. Legs slender, first three segments of hind

tarsi deeply grooved on outer sides. Apex of prosternum not mar-

gined. Beneath, with side pieces of meso and metathorax shallowly

and sparsely punctured, the first and second abdominal segments

also vaguely punctured at sides, elsewhere smooth and shining.

Length, 9 mm.; breadth, 3.25 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1854, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

in my collection, captured by myself near Hoquiam, Washing-

ton, May 27, 1914.

This species belongs in the subgenus Cryohius Chaud., and is

related to riparius ® and its associates fatuus and pinguedineus,

8 See my notes concerning' these in “The Coleoptera collected by the

Katmai Expedition,” Nat. Geograph. Soc. Contrib. Tech. Papers, Vol. II,

No. 1 (1924), p. 9.

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

115

but it differs from these by having the prothorax more elon-

gate, the anterior prothoracic angles more prominent, the sides

posteriorly parallel for a considerable distance in front of the

hind angles, the outer basal impression merged with the inner

in one deep pit, not separate anteriorly as in those, the lateral

margin of both prothorax and elytra more distinctly defined,

the scutellar striae longer, the punctures of the striae almost

obliterated, and the antennae and legs longer and more delicate.

The shape of the beetle, especially that of the prothorax and

elytra, strongly suggests some of the species of Bembidium like

funereum and mceklini.

Anilloferonia Van Dyke, new genus

Body elongate, moderately flattened and parallel. Head moderate

in size, somewhat constricted behind; eyes wanting; genae slightly

prominent, two supra-orbital setae; frontal grooves well developed;

frontal suture distinct; clypeus prolonged beyond base of mandibles;

mandibles porrect, without setae in scrobes; antennae arising under

a distinct frontal ridge, well developed, the three basal segments

glabrous, outer segments somewhat enlarged; submentum biemargi-

nate and with well-defined tooth at middle; maxillae with laciniae

hooked at tip, the maxillary palpi of moderate length, the last seg-

ment elongate conical, the penultimate about two-thirds length of

preceding and obconical; ligula of moderate size and bisetose at tip;

labial palpi with the last two segments of about equal length, the

penultimate bisetose in front. Prothorax with lateral setae one-third

distant from anterior angles and others within posterior angles.

Body not pedunculate. Elytra narrowly indexed, margin interrupted

posteriorly and with evident internal plica, disc without dorsal punc-

tures. Apterous. Prosternum not prolonged at tip and not margined

at apex. Mesosternum almost vertical in front and rather widely sep-

arating the coxae, the epimera narrow, yet wider internally. Metas-

ternum well developed, the episterna about a third longer than broad,

the epimera almost one-half the width of the former; posterior coxae

contiguous. Legs well developed, femorae not greatly enlarged, pos-

terior trochanters large and somewhat elliptical in shape; anterior

tibiae deeply emarginate within and with inner spurs at summit of

emarginations.

Genotype; Anilloferonia testacea Van Dyke, new species.

This genus, according to the characters, should be placed in

the tribe Pterostichini as constituted by Horn,® and close to the

genus Pterostichus. It differs primarily from that by its having

9 “On the Genera of Carabidse, with special- reference to the fauna of

Boreal America,” by George H. Horn, Trans. Am. Bnt. Soc., Vol. IX

(1881), p. 136.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

no vestige whatever of eyes and by the outer segments of the

maxillary palpi being differently proportioned. Superficially, it

looks like a diminutive specimen of one of the species close to

angustus or like a giant Anillus, particularly as regards the

shape of the head.

Anilloferonia testacea Van Dyke, new species

Testaceous. Head one-third longer than broad, one-third as broad

as prothorax, smooth and shining; antennae extending slightly be-

yond posterior thoracic angles. Prothorax about as wide as long,

apex and base feebly emarginate; sides feebly arcuate for anterior

half, straight and slightly convergent posteriorly; hind angles barely

obtuse, lateral margin fine; disc slightly convex anteriorly, flattened

in region of hind angles; median longitudinal groove distinct, yet

fine and almost complete; anterior transverse impression indicated

only by series of small black spots; posterior impression vague;

basal impressions single, not well defined; basal area obscurely punc-

tate; basal margin only faintly indicated at middle. Elytra almost a

third longer than head and prothorax combined, a third longer than

broad, elongate elliptical; humeri rounded; lateral margin fine; disc

feebly convex, flattened at center; striae nine in number, fine yet

complete, very finely and not closely punctured, the eighth with five

well-marked fovese near humeri and five near apex, the seventh with

one fovea near apex, the intervals flat and without punctures; scu-

tellar striae wanting. Beneath smooth and shining, except side pieces

of meso and metathorax and first two abdominal segments which are

obscurely punctate-rugose. Length, 5.5 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype, female (No. 1855, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a

unique captured by myself in the Yakima Indian Forest Re-

serve on the east side of Mount Adams, Washington, at an

altitude of about 4000 feet, July 1, 1925. It was found beneath

an old log in the forest.

This and two species of Anillus are the only completely eye-

less Carabidae which have been found on the Pacific Coast.

Evarthrus montanus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, robust, black, head and prothorax somewhat shining,

elytra subopaque, slightly more pronounced in female. Head large,

almost four-fifths breadth of prothorax; frontal grooves well marked;

eyes prominent; mandibles robust and projecting; antennas extend-

ing a couple of segments beyond hind angles of prothorax. Pro-

thorax about 1 mm. broader than long, apex feebly emarginate, base

more distinctly so and about equal in breadth to apex; sides slightly

arcuate and convergent posteriorly until near hind angles where

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

117

they become gradually sinuate, then straight to the angles which are

well defined, slightly obtuse and blunt at apex; lateral margin well

defined, rather narrow in front but gradually broader posteriorly;

disc convex, with series of fine transverse rugae near middle; median

longitudinal goove linear and well impressed, almost complete pos-

teriorly and ending abruptly anteriorly at transverse impression;

anterior transverse impression sharply defined and complete, the

posterior not definable; basal impressions double, the inner deep and

broad and each with a faint fovea on inner margin, the outer like-

wise deep but more linear, with a fairly well-defined carina to the

outer side of it. Elytra 2 mm. longer than head and prothorax com-

bined, one-sixth broader than prothorax and over two-thirds longer

than broad; humeri pronounced though rounded; sides moderately

arcuate and distinctly but shallowly sinuate before apex, disc convex

though slightly flattened toward base; striae complete, well impressed

anteriorly, less so posteriorly, finely rather closely and distinctly

punctured anteriorly, the punctures gradually disappearing toward

apex; intervals somewhat flattened, the third with a single fovea

back of middle and close to second stria, the seventh distinctly ele-

vated at base; scutellar striae vaguely defined at base of second

interval. Legs moderately robust, hind tarsi without lateral grooves

externally. Prosternum deeply grooved and not margined at apex.

Beneath moderately smooth and shining. Length, 18 mm.; breadth,

6.5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1856), allotype, female (No. 1857, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several paratypes in my collection, cap-

tured by myself in the valley at the base of the Black Moun-

tains, North Carolina, during July, 1902, I have a series of

seventeen specimens. It was not uncommon, and both Mr.

William Beutenmueller, my traveling companion, and I took

them frequently. The females are often much broader and more

robust than the males. A pair of paratypes will be deposited in

the United States National Museum at Washington, D. C.

This is a form that is characteristic of the mountains, I have

always associated it with Evarthrus sigillatus Say, which, though

found on both sides of the Alleghanies, is generally more

northern in distribution. I believe that it is derived from the

same common stock, but it is markedly different in appearance,

even when viewed superficially, for it is considerably larger

and more elongate, the prothorax especially so. The prothorax

is also more flattened basally, the sides distinctly though gradu-

ally sinuate posteriorly, the hind angles definitely angulated,

and the basal impressions less separated. The elytra are more

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

elongate, more flattened basally and, as a rule, with the striae

more impressed anteriorly.

Evarthms vagans alabamae Van Dyke, new subspecies

This name I am proposing for a very distinct phase of the

species which is characterized by being of large size, 17 mm.

long by 7 mm. in breadth, resembling in this regard the larger

phase generally known as engelmanni, and differing from this

primarily by having the sides of the prothorax evenly arcuate

to hind angles, not at all sinuate posteriorly, the hind angles as

a result very obtuse, the lateral margin more broadly expanded

posteriorly, the basal impressions more distinctly separated, and

the carinae near the hind angles short and rather poorly defined,

not long and conspicuous as in the other.

Holotype, male (No. 1858), allotype, female (No. 1859, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and five paratypes in my collection, all

captured near Mobile, Alabama, by Mr. H. P. Loding. Two

other specimens, one from Shreveport, Louisiana, and the other

from Hart, Louisiana, agree with these.

Evarthrus lodingi Van Dyke, new species

Large, elongate, robust, black, rather shining throughout. Head

two-thirds as broad as prothorax, somewhat elongate; frontal

grooves deeply impressed; frontal suture distinct but fine; eyes

prominent; mandibles robust, elongated. Prothorax over 1 mm.

broader than long, apex feebly emarginate; base slightly narrower

than apex, emarginate, narrowly margined close to angles; sides

rather broadly arcuate and convergent posteriorly until close to base,

where they become abruptly sinuate, then oblique to hind angles,

which are well defined though rounded; lateral margin fine, uniform

and well reflexed; disc moderately convex, smooth; median longitu-

dinal groove fine, distinctly impressed, extending from apex to near

base and with small foveate enlargement near apex and a very large

and deep one near base; transverse impressions not defined; basal

impressions treble, a deep foveate inner one, a deep, long linear

median one, well separated from the first, and an oblique shorter

linear outer one joining basally with the second, a well-defined

Carina at the outer side of the last. Elytra one-fourth longer than

head and prothorax combined, over 1 mm. broader than prothorax

and five-twelfths longer than broad, subelliptical; humeri prominent

but rounded; margin rather broad, sharp and distinctly sinuate near

apex; disc moderately convex, striae complete, very deeply impressed,

finer apically, very finely closely punctured, the punctures gradually

obliterated toward apex; scutellar stria long, deeply impressed and

within base of first interval; intervals convex, the third with fovea

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

119

about one-third distant from apex, the seventh conspicuously ele-

vated at base. Legs long yet robust, hind trochanters broad, flat-

tened, and subacute at apex; hind tarsi without lateral grooves exter-

nally. Prosternum shallowly grooved and not margined at apex.

Beneath smooth and shining. Length, 20 mm.; breadth, 7.5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1860, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured at Monte Sano, Madison County, Alabama,

June 9-11, 1911, by Mr. H. P. Coding and by him very kindly

presented to me. Other specimens are in Mr. Coding’s collec-

tion. The species is named after the captor, a kind and generous

friend who has done many favors for me and has contributed

much toward making known the Coleopterous fauna of his

region.

This very distinct and elegant species should, perhaps, be

placed somewhere near sodalis. It is much like a giant phase

of the latter, with the hind angles of the prothorax of about

the same size but more rounded. Its size, graceful form, three

series of distinct basal thoracic impressions, long deep scutellar

stride, deeply impressed striae and convex intervals should set

it well apart from all known species. According to the Ceng

catalogue and the works of Colonel Casey this species would

fall in the genus Eumolops Casey, but that genus is not founded

upon any character of good generic value, therefore I feel that

it should not be recognized.

Platynus prognathus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel, flattened, nigropiceous, margins of prothorax,

elytra, basal segments of antennae, mouthparts, legs, and sides of

abdomen testaceous. Head much elongated, with mandibles longer

than prothorax and almost as broad; frontal impressions large,

irregularly and shallowly impressed; clypeus bifoveate in front; eyes

large and moderately convex; mandibles very long and sickle-shaped,

as long as rest of head; antennae long, terminal segments enlarged,

the last three extending beyond base of prothorax. Prothorax one-

fifth broader than long; apex feebly emarginate; base transverse and

equal in breadth to apex, vaguely margined, sides arcuate for anterior

half, straight and oblique posteriorly, the hind angles very obtuse

and rounded and in advance of the basal margin; lateral margin of

moderate width, slightly reflexed and with broad, shallow fossae

within posteriorly; disc slightly convex; median longitudinal groove

distinctly impressed, the anterior transverse impression short but

10 “Memoirs on the Coleoptera,” by Thomas L. Casey, Vol. VIII (1918),

p. 351.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL, II, NO. 3

deep, the posterior vague, the surface finely transversely rugose.

Elytra over a third longer than head and prothorax combined, one-

third broader than prothorax, over twice as long as broad, elongate

elliptical; humeri well rounded; sides almost parallel, deeply sinuate

posteriorly, the margin fine; disc quite flattened, striae complete,

deeply impressed, punctures very fine and obscure, intervals flat-

tened, the second, fifth, and seventh somewhat broader; the narrower

subconvex third with three punctures near the second stria, the

anterior about at middle; scutellar stria rather long and well im-

pressed. Legs of moderate length. Beneath rather smooth and

shining.

Holotype, female (No. 1861, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured on St. Simon Island, Okefinokee Swamp,

Georgia, April 27 to May 12, 1911, by Professor J. C. Bradley,

and by him very kindly presented to me.

This anomalous species might be placed in the group with

cincticollis, but is widely separated from that, as well as from

all of our other species. Its elongate, parallel form, very long

mandibles and somewhat clubbed antennae give it an appear-

ance all its own. Though this species would be classed as an

Anchomenus, I consider that as but a subgenus at most of

Platynus, in this regard following such able students of the

Carabidae as Ganglbauer and Le Conte and Horn.

Colpodes rufiventris Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, head and prothorax decidedly narrowed, flat-

tened, nigropiceous, elytra somewhat darker, antennae, mouthparts,

legs, undersurface, and margins of elytra rufous with a slight piceous

tinge; head and prothorax shining, elytra subopaque. Head about

1 mm. less in breadth than prothorax and about three-fifths as broad

as long; frontal grooves fine; front flattened at outer side of grooves;

eyes of but moderate size; mandibles long and prominent; antennae

long and delicate, extending almost to middle of elytra; submentum

with simple tooth. Prothorax slightly broader than long, about one-

half the breadth of elytra; apex slightly emarginate; frontal angles

not prominent; base feebly arcuate, vaguely margined; sides evenly

but shallowly arcuate from apex to base, the hind angles broadly

rounded, the margin narrow, broader posteriorly and slightly re-

flexed; disc convex, with vague but fine transverse rugae; longitu-

dinal groove finely but distinctly impressed; anterior transverse im-

pression well, though not sharply, impressed, the basal a shallow

sulcus. Elytra a third longer than head and prothorax combined,

a third longer than broad, elongate ovate, broadest back of middle;

base deeply emarginate, the humeri as a result prominent, subangu-

11 ‘‘Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa,” by Ludwig Ganglbauer, Vol. I, p. 248.

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

121

late; lateral margin narrow in front, broader posteriorly; apices

rounded; disc slightly convex, striae finely impressed, without dis-

tinct punctures; scutellar stria very long; intervals flat, the third

with an anterior very vague puncture near third stria, a vague punc-

ture near second stria at middle and an evident puncture near second

stria not far from apex. Legs rather long and delicate; anterior

tibiae shallowly grooved on outer face, middle and posterior deeply

grooved on both outer and inner face posteriorly, with caring be-

tween; first and second segments of front tarsi shallowly grooved

on both sides above; first three segments of middle and hind tarsi

rather deeply grooved on both sides above; fourth segment of all

tarsi narrowly bilobed posteriorly, with a slight tuft of pubescence

beneath. Beneath rather smooth and shining. Length, 10.5 mm.;

breadth, 4 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1862, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured at an altitude of 6000 feet on Mount

Washington, near Nogales, Arizona, July 10, 1919, by Mr.

J. Aug. Kusche, and by him kindly presented to me.

This, the second species of Colpodes to be described from

our fauna, differs from Colpodes longiceps Schfr., also from

Arizona, markedly in color as in other features. It does not

agree either with the descriptions of any of the known Mexi-

can species. Except for the rather wide margin of the pro-

thorax, this species might fall in the genus Glyptolenus Bates,

because of the tibial and tarsal characters, but these are quite

variable within the genus Colpodes, therefore not reliable for

establishing a group of more than subgeneric rank at most.

The genus Colpodes is sometimes placed as but a subgenus of

Platynus, but I think that though the character used for its

separation, the deeply emarginate or bilobed fourth tarsal seg-

ment, is not a very marked one ; it is sufficiently definite, espe-

cially when taken in connection with other characters and

backed by the fact that the genus as a whole is more or less

arboreal and generally restricted to the warmer parts of the

world, whereas almost all of Platynus are strictly terrestrial

and confined to the temperate regions.

Pseudaptinus oviceps. Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, depressed, pubescent, rufotestaceous, antennae, palpi, and

legs testaceous. Head elongate oval, one-fourth longer than broad

and three-fourths as broad as prothorax; finely sparsely punctate,

rather shining; frontal impressions well marked, rather broad; eyes

small, but slightly convex and hardly projecting beyond the even

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

curve of the side of the head; mandibles prominent, prognathous;

antennae long and slender, extending several segments beyond the

base of the prothorax. Prothorax a little longer than wide, broadest

near apex; apex very shallowly emarginate; base slightly arcuate,

about one-half breadth of widest portion; sides broadly rounded near

anterior angles, oblique and convergent to posterior third, then sub-

parallel to hind angles which are right-angled but not prominent;

disc moderately convex, somewhat coarsely and sparsely punctured;

median longitudinal groove distinctly impressed; anterior transverse

impression well defined, posterior vague; basal impressions long and

shallow. Elytra oblong elongate, humeri broadly rounded, apex trun-

cate, outer angles rounded, disc flattened; striae finely impressed,

complete; intervals flat, finely and densely punctured, somewhat

rugose toward base. Legs long and delicate. Prosternum sparsely

and coarsely punctured, smooth at sides, meso and metapleurae

coarsely closely punctured, the abdomen very finely punctured.

Length, 6 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype, female (No. 1863, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in my

collection, captured by myself about 1889, under a stone near

the Los Angeles River, California, in what is now Griffith Park.

This species in size and general appearance looks very much

like Pseudaptinus tenuicollis (Lee.), but its ovate and nar-

rower head, small eyes, and prominent mandibles separate it

very decidedly from that as well as from Pseudaptinus lecontei

(Dej,).

Thalpius microcephalus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, depressed, pubescent, rufotestaceous, antennae, palpi, and

legs testaceous. Head elongate, one-fourth longer than broad and

narrower than prothorax, moderately coarsely, sparsely punctured,

somewhat shining; frontal impressions shallow, poorly defined; eyes

rather small, not projecting laterally beyond sides of head; mandi-

bles of usual size; antennae of moderate length, extending somewhat

beyond base of prothorax, segments four to ten oblong. Prothorax

about as long as wide, broadest one-third distance from apex; apex

slightly emarginate, anterior angles projecting forward somewhat

(much more evident than in horn't) ; base pedunculate as usual; sides

shallowly arcuate anteriorly, oblique and sinuate posteriorly, hind

angles acute; disc slightly convex, flattened medially, coarsely, mod-

erately closely punctured; median longitudinal groove sharply im-

pressed; anterior transverse impression well defined, posterior vaguely

marked; basal impressions of moderate length, shallow. Elytra ob-

long, elongate; humeri broadly rounded; apex truncate, outer angles

rounded; disc flattened; striae shallowly impressed, not distinctly

defined, especially posteriorly; intervals flat, rather coarsely and

irregularly punctured. Legs moderately long. Body beneath coarsely,

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALIN^

123

rather regularly punctured anteriorly, abdomen more finely punc-

tured. Length 4.75 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Holotype, a unique female (No. 1864, Mus. Calif. Acad.

Sci.), in my collection, secured by myself from beneath a

stone on the hills in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California,

January 12, 1912.

This species has the same general body proportions as Thal-

pius horni Chd., but it is much smaller. Its narrow head, less

prominent eyes and poorly defined elytral striae also serve to

distinguish it from that as from all other species. In color, it

resembles rufulus, but it is smaller and has a narrower pro-

thorax in addition to the characters just mentioned.

In this connection I wish to state that in Southeastern Cali-

fornia specimens of Thalpius horni Chd., which are entirely

rufous, are not uncommon.

Harpalus washingtoniensis Van Dyke, new species

Robust, black or slightly brownish. Elytra piceous brown, an-

tennae, mouthparts and legs piceotestaceous, tarsi darker, very shin-

ing, elytra of females duller. Head large, over two-thirds breadth

of prothorax, smooth and shining; frontal suture deeply impressed;

eyes moderately prominent; mandibles well developed; antennae

reaching to hind angles of prothorax. Prothorax almost a third

broader than long; apex and base slightly emarginate, the latter as

broad as apex and distinctly and completely margined; sides moder-

ately and evenly arcuate from anterior angles to posterior fourth,

then sinuate and convergent to hind angles, which are obtuse, almost

right-angled, and sharp at apex; lateral margin fine; disc convex,

median longitudinal groove distinctly impressed; anterior transverse

impression distinct, posterior vague, basal impressions deep; surface

smooth and shining, basal area irregularly punctured, more definitely

so in and about basal impressions. Elytra over one-fifth longer than

head and prothorax combined, two-fifths longer than broad; humeri

rounded; sides slightly arcuate, markedly excised near apex, margin

fine; disc decidedly convex, strise well impressed; scutellar stria

rather long; intervals flattened, somewhat convex basally in males.

Legs robust. Beneath finely, sparsely and rather indistinctly punc-

tured in front, the abdomen smooth and shining, except for sides of

first and base of second segment which are slightly punctured.

Length, 8.5 mm,; breadth, 3.25 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 1865), allotype, female (No. 1866, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), and numerous paratypes in my collection,

captured by myself at Port Angeles, Washington, May 26,

1907. In my series of thirty-two mounted specimens, I have

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

them from the following additional localities : Nanaimo, British

Columbia ; Monroe, Lake Quiniault, Seattle, The Forks, North-

bend, and Orcus Island, Washington ; and Marshfield, Oregon.

A pair of paratypes will be deposited in the entomological

collection of the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

This species varies considerably in size, ranging in length

from 7 to 10 mm., the females are, as a rule, larger than the

males, and somewhat paler in color, the epipleurae often lighter,

while in a few cases the legs are quite piceous. It belongs in

association with Harpalus spadiceus Dej. and Harpalus carolincB

Schaeffer, differing primarily from the former by having the

prothorax more sinuate posteriorly and the hind angles almost

right and sharply defined, and from the latter by having the

legs yellowish or testaceous, the general body color, especially

the elytra, more brownish, the basal impressions of the pro-

thorax more broadly impressed, the basal area itself definitely

punctate, the elytral margin more acutely excised posteriorly,

and by being as a whole somewhat smaller and less elongate.

Harpalus martini Van Dyke, new species

Robust, elongate, subparallel, black, antennae, tibiae, and tarsi some-

what piceotestaceous, very shining above in the male, the female

quite opaque. Head large, two-thirds breadth of prothorax; frontal

suture very fine, not impressed; eyes moderately prominent; mandi-

bles well developed; antennae reaching to hind angles of prothorax.

Prothorax over a third broader than long; apex distinctly emargi-

nate, the anterior angles slightly prominent; base also distinctly

emarginate, completely margined and broader than apex; sides very

shallowly arcuate, almost subparallel from anterior angles to pos-

terior fourth, thence sinuate and divergent to posterior angles, which

are almost right-angled and slightly rounded at apex; lateral margin

fine; disc convex, median longitudinal groove very fine, anterior

and posterior transverse impressions both vague, basal impressions

broadly and shallowly impressed; posterior angles much flattened;

basal area irregularly punctured, especially about basal impressions.

Elytra one-fifth longer than head and prothorax combined and one-

fifth longer than broad; humeral angles distinctly dentate; sides

slightly arcuate, almost parallel, shallowly excised near apex, margin

fine; disc convex, striae finely impressed; scutellar stria rather long;

intervals flat. Legs robust. Under surface subopaque anteriorly;

abdomen posteriorly smooth and shining in male, subopaque in

female; an oblique area on second and third abdominal segments,

immediately beneath hind femora, finely punctate and with short

hairs arising from each puncture. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 3.75 mm.

JANUARY, 1926] VAN DYKE HARPALINiE

125

Holotype, male (No. 1867), and allotype, female (No. 1868,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), collected at Bear Lake, San Bernar«

dino Mountains, California, May 5, 1919, by Mr. J. O. Martin,

and kindly presented to me. Four paratypes are in Mr. Martin’s

collection. This species is named after Mr. Martin, an excellent

collector, in consideration of many favors.

The species is probably related to Harpalus somnulentus Dej.,

but is decidedly darker. Its color and general shape also sug-

gest Harpalus cautus Dej. Its peculiarly shaped prothorax, with

base broader than apex, sides subparallel, sinuate and divergent

posteriorly, and the well-marked humeral dentations of the

elytra should, however, readily serve to separate it from the

above and from all of our other species.

Dicheirus blaisdelli Van Dyke, new species

Robust, very convex; head and prothorax rufo-piceous, elytra

black, legs rufous; clothed above with long erect hair, the sternal

and midventral region as well as the legs also very pilose, the hair

in the main shorter than above. Head very coarsely, moderately

densely and closely punctured, antennas about reaching hind angles

of prothorax. Prothorax distinctly broader than long, 3.5 mm. by

3 mm., emarginate at apex, transverse at base, the latter 2.5 mm.

wide, sides broadly rounded in front, straight and convergent pos-

teriorly, just perceptibly sinuate in front of hind angles, the hind

angles obtuse and distinct, not rounded, the disc convex, coarsely

deeply and rather sparsely punctured. Elytra over one-third longer

than broad, .5 mm. broader than prothorax, sides hardly arcuate,

evenly rounded at apex, posterior sinuation faint; disc very convex,

striae distinctly impressed, impunctate, intervals flat and shining,

sparsely irregularly biseriately" punctured, deeper toward base, very

finely near apex. Prosternum coarsely moderately closely punctured,

propleurae finely sparsely and rather indistinctly punctured, the meso-

and meta-pleurae more distinctly punctured and somewhat rugose,

the abdomen finely and closely punctured at middle in front, very

finely and sparsely at middle behind, with sides impunctate. Legs

robust, spines of anterior tibiae trifid, of posterior slender and acute.

Length, 11 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Holotype female (No. 1869, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and

three paratype females in the collection of Dr. F. E. Blais-

dell, captured by Dr. Blaisdell at Poway, San Diego County,

California.

This robust species in both structure and appearance stands

midway between Dicheirus strenuus (Horn) and Dicheirus an-

gularis Casey. It is separated from the former by being smaller

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

and by having the propleurse somewhat punctured and from

the latter by being far more convex and robust, as well as by

having the hind angles of the prothorax more obtuse. From

dilatatus, it can always be separated not only by its robustness,

but by having non-rounded hind angles to prothorax and by

having longer pile. The elytra of blaisdelli simulate very closely

those of a female Plastocerus agassisi Lee. The genus Dichei-

rus Mann, is one of the few which might, with benefit, be kept

separate from the genus Anisodactylus Dej.

Habits- of Trachykele nimbosa Fall

While on Mt. Hood, Oregon, during the latter part of June,

I noticed that the rare buprestid, Trachykele nimbosa Fall,

could often be found ovipositing in the blazes made by the

surveyors in fir trees, Abies, along the right-of-way for a forest

road. These beetles are rather silent in flight, as is the case

with the AcmcBodera, and as a result they alight without attract-

ing much attention. Unfortunately, they also depart with as

great ease, simply vanish before you. This is particularly the

case during the heat of the day. If the weather becomes cooler

while they are in evidence, they may readily be approached and

even picked up with the fingers.

Trachykele opulenta Fall, a brilliant green species, which

breeds normally in the native cypress, Cupressus sar genii Jep-

son, on Cypress Ridge, Marin County, California, has been

found this last year to have come down into the valleys and

attacked the planted Monterey cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa

Hartw. As pointed out by Dr. H. E. Burke, this species only

attacks the dead limbs of living trees, the larvae gradually work-

ing into the main trunk of the tree which they in time honey-

comb. — E. C. Van Dyke.

Habits of Cymatodera decipiens Fall

During the summer of 1925, several Cymatodera dicipiens

Fall emerged from twigs of Pinus ponderosa collected during

the winter of 1923 on Mt. Wilson, Los Angeles County,

California. During the spring and summer of 1924 and 1925,

the only other insects to emerge from these twigs were an undes-

cribed species of Carphoborus which came out in some numbers.

It seems from this that the latter insect, in the larval stage, is

preyed upon by the Cymatodera larvae. — Alonzo C. Davis.

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

127

A LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ALASKA

AND ADJACENT PARTS OF THE YUKON

TERRITORY IN THE SUMMER OF 1924

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngshoro, Massachusetts

It was the writer’s privilege to be one of a party of three

to make a trip to this wonderland of the North during the

summer of 1924. While the excursion was primarily one of

sight-seeing and general recreation, the writer, from long habit,

kept always an eye open for possible coleopterous windfalls,

and as opportunity offered, a few minutes, a few hours, or

even the better portion of a day in places where a long enough

stop permitted, were devoted to special search for beetles. The

results in the aggregate seem worthy of record, in view of the

general interest taken in collections from this somewhat remote

region.

In 1857 Le Conte remarked that at the close of the activities

of the Russian entomologists, the fauna of the region explored

by them was more completely developed than that of any other

part of the continent. This, of course, is no longer true, even

if we confine ourselves to the coast region in which most of

the early collecting was done; while if the entire territory of

Alaska be considered, it would perhaps be nearer the truth to

say that its fauna is less completely known than that of any

other equal area of our country.

The total number of species of Coleoptera listed from Rus-

sian America at the time of Mannerheim’s last supplement in

1853 was 540. Hamilton’s Alaskan list with supplement in

1894 enumerates 578 species, and the few scattering additions

since that time can hardly bring the total much, if any, above

600 species. It is quite probable that there are now in collec-

tions, notably that of the National Museum, a considerable

number of additional species, but these, even if worked up,

have not yet been recorded.

On the present trip, as nearly as can now be determined,

448 species were taken within, or adjacent to, the Alaskan

boundary, of which 117, exclusive of unidentified Stenus and

Aleocharini, appear to be new to the Alaskan list. Of these,

61 occurred in the coast region and 64 in the Yukon Valley,

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

8 species being common to both regions. The fact that nearly

half of these 117 species are from the well-explored coast

region is rather surprising, since it was to be expected that

the great majority of future additions to the Alaskan fauna

would be from the interior valleys and mountains, which, eiito-

mologically speaking, are relatively unworked. The disparity

in this case would indeed have been much greater if the numer-

ous species taken at Dawson, Y. T., where considerable collect-

ing was done, had been included, for it is practically certain

that a very large proportion of the species occurring at this

point must also occur across the international boundary only

fifty miles distant, where the topographical and climatic condi-

tions along the Yukon are virtually the same.

In the interest of economy of space, I shall not attempt here

to speak of collecting conditions and experiences, or, except

for the table of dates below, to give the itinerary of the trip,

further than to say that we left Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, on

June 5, via Montreal and the Canadian Pacific, arriving at

Skagway June 18, after making the incomparable trip up the

“Inside Passage” from Vancouver. On August 2 we boarded

the steamer at Ketchikan for Prince Rupert, the return jour-

ney across the continent being made thence via the Canadian

National Railway to Montreal, arriving at Tyngsboro August 10.

The principal dates on which collecting was done are given

once for all in the subjoined table:

Wrangel, Alaska, June 17. Anchorage, Alaska, July 10-14.

Skagway, Alaska, June 18-20. Seward, Alaska, July 16-20.

Skagway, Alaska, July 27.

White Horse, Y. T., June

21 - 22 .

Dawson, Y. T., June 24-30.

Eagle, Alaska, July 1.

Fort Yukon, Alaska, July 2,

Nenana, Alaska, July 6.

Fairbanks, Alaska, July 7.

Mount McKinley Park, July

8-9.

San Juan, Evans Island,

July 20.

Childs Glacier, Alaska,

July 22.

Port Althorp, Alaska, July 23.

Juneau, Alaska, July 25-26.

Sitka, Alaska, July 28.

Scow Bay, Alaska, July 30.

Kasaan, Alaska, July 31.

Ketchikan, Alaska, August 1.

Throughout the 1400-mile trip down the Yukon and up the

Tanana Rivers daily stops were made for fuel at wood-piles

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

129

along the banks, at which nearly always some beetles were

taken.

Species new to the Alaskan list ^are marked with an as-

terisk (*).

List of Species

Family Cicindelid^

Cicindela longilabris Say. White Horse, Y. T. Several seen,

but having no suitable net no effort was made to secure

specimens. No tiger beetles whatever were observed in

Alaskan territory.

Family Carabid^

Trachypachus inermis Mots. Skagway; White Horse.

Cychrus (Pemphus) angusticollis Mann. Seward, Sitka.

Cychrus (Brennus) marginatus Fisch. Juneau; Skagway;

Kasaan ; Ketchikan. Common everywhere near the coast ;

individuals from the last two localities are considerably

larger than those from farther north.

Carabus tcedatus Fab. Skagway.

Elaphrus riparius L. Skagway ; McKinley Park ; Fort Yukon,

June 27 (Kusche).

Elaphrus pallipes Horn. Skagway; Dawson. All typical in

coloration.

Loricera 10-punctata Esch. Scow Bay. A single example.

*Opisthius richardsoni Kby. Skagway; Dawson; Fort Yukon,

June 27 (Kusche). Frequent along the river at Skagway,

varying greatly in color, coppery, green, or nearly black.

There are specimens of this species in my collection from

Dolomi, Alaska, collector unknown to me.

Notiophilus borealis Harris. McKinley Park.

otiophilus simulator Fall. Anchorage. A single example;

also taken by me at Jasper Park, Alberta, on the return

trip.

Nebria metallica Fisch, Skagway; Seward; Child’s Glacier;

Sitka; Juneau.

Nebria sahlbergi Fisch. Seward; Juneau. Two forms refer-

able to this species were taken on the trip ; one of narrow

thorax and somewhat more elongate form at Juneau and

Seward is probably the true sahlbergi. Of this a variety

with violaceous elytra (probably violaceus Mots.) and an-

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

other with pale legs occurred. The other form is repre-

sented by a single example taken at Coldstream, Vancouver

Island ; it is a little stouter with broader thorax, agreeing

closely with specimens in my collection from Washington

State and the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico. This

form, in its broader thorax, approaches moesta Lee., which,

I think, can hardly be a varietal form of sahlhergi, although

so recorded in the books.

Nebria bifaria Mann. A single typical specimen with bicolored

legs was taken at McKinley -Park.

Nebria gebleri Dej. Juneau.

Nebria viridis Horn. Dawson; Yukon River (Sheep Creek

below Eagle) ; Tanana River.

Nebria hudsonica Lee. White Horse. Two examples.

Nebria testaceipes Cys. Dawson. One example.

*Dyschirius secretus Fall, n. sp.

Slightly smaller than, but of the general form and aspect of,

integer Lee., near which it must be placed.

Body black, bronzed; legs and antennae black. Head four-fifths

as wide as the prothorax; front feebly transversely impressed; epis-

toma broadly and deeply emarginate. Prothorax subglobose, slightly

wider than long, sides broadly, evenly arcuate. Elytra oblong-oval,

three-fifths longer than wide; striae entire, rather deeply impressed

and strongly punctured before the middle, becoming much finer and

more finely punctured on the declivity; eighth stria finely impressed,

distinctly punctate throughout; base not margined; third interspace

tripunctate, a single apical setigerous puncture. Basal joint of hind

tarsi twice as long as wide and evidently shorter than the two

following combined. Length, 2.5 to 2.75 mm.; width, .8 to .85 mm.

Anchorage, Alaska, seven examples, all taken in damp moss

on low ground, July 13-14, 1924.

In integer, with which the present species is compared, the

size is slightly larger, the legs and antennae are never really

black, but rather dark rufous to rufopiceous, the basal joint of

the hind tarsus is more elongate, at least three times as long as

wide and fully as long as the two following; apex of elytra

with two setigerous punctures. There is a strong probability

that integer is distinct from the European ceneus with which it

has been united, judging from two examples of the latter sent

me by Mr. Edmund Reitter. In nigriceps, with which the

present species might also be compared, the size is larger, the

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

131

elytra more finely striate and punctate, the eighth stria obso-

lete, and the elytral apex apparently with two setigerous punc-

tures ; the basal joint of the hind tarsus is also more elongate,

as in integer.

Only two species of Dyschirius have hitherto been recorded

from Alaska, viz., the frigidus and transmarinus of Manner-

heim. The former was described from the Keiiai Peninsula,

and my Anchorage species might well be expected to be the

same. I find, however, that my specimens do not fit the descrip-

tion very well, the size of frigidus (3.5 mm.) being materially

larger, while the el 3 dra are said to be scarcely wider than the

thorax and the elytral striae evanescent shortly behind the

middle. If frigidus really equals ceneus, as it stands in our lists,

it certainly is different from the Anchorage species. Trans-

marinus was described from a single example from Sitka; it is

even larger than frigidus.

Asaphidion yukonense Wickh. White Horse; Dawson.

Bembidion simplex Haywd. McKinley Park.

Bembidion planiusculum Mann. Sitka.

Bembidion complanulum Mann. Dawson; McKinley Park;

Seward; Sitka; Kasaan.

Bembidion funercum Lee. Skagway; Dawson.

Bembidion mceklini Haywd. ? Sitka.

Bembidion quadrifoveolatum Mann. Kasaan.

Bembidion yukonum Fall, n. sp.

Form and size about as in grapi, but rather larger and a little

stouter. Black, distinctly green-bronzed, antennae at base and legs

rufous; surface above strongly shining throughout, without alutace-

ous sculpture except very feebly at elytral apex. Antennas scarcely

attaining the middle of the length, intermediate joints about two and

a half times as long as wide. Head a little wider than the thoracic

apex; eyes moderate. Prothorax subcordiform, one-fifth wider than

long, base slightly narrower than apex; sides strongly evenly rounded

from apex to basal constriction, which is parallel-sided for a distance

about equal to one-fifth the basal width; base angles sharply rec-

tangular, evidently but not very strongly carinate; basal impressions

deep, with a few rather coarse punctures. Elytra one-half wider and

three times as long as the thorax, one-half longer than wide; sides

broadly arcuate, humeri well marked, not angulate; striae feebly im-

pressed near the suture; strial punctures moderate, becoming finer

posteriorly, very fine but traceable near the apex; those of seventh

stria very fine in apical half; intervals flat, the third with two setiger-

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

ous punctures adjacent to the third stria at approximately the basal

and apical thirds. Length, 4.75 mm.; width, 1.9 mm.

Described from a single male specimen taken by the writer

at Dawson, Yukon Territory, June 30, 1924.

This species belongs to the ustulatum group, and is appar-

ently nearest insopitum Csy. The latter is unknown to me, but

according to description is a considerably larger species with

more transverse thorax, deeply striate elytra, the seventh stria

less distinctly punctured basally. Grapi is a rather smaller and

narrower species, with much finer elytral sculpture, the legs

typically black, though in two Greenland examples in the

Le Conte collection and in many North American examples so

referred, they are more or less distinctly rufous.

Bembidion bimaculatum Kby. Skagway; Dawson; Nenana.

There occurred at Nenana, together with the typical form,

what I take to be a variety of this species with smaller

thorax, browner elytra with or without apical spot, and finer

striae.

*Bembidion mckinleyi Fall, n. sp.

Black, above with feeble deep-green surface luster, beneath black,

femora piceous; trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi reddish-brown. Upper

surface polished throughout, with faint traces of alutaceous sculp-

ture only at elytral apex. Antennae black, basal joint rufescent, about

half as long as the body, slender, intermediate joints not quite three

times as long as wide. Head three-fourths as wide as thorax, eyes

not at all prominent. Prothorax nearly one-third wider than long,

sides rounded anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly, becoming nearly parallel

in basal fifth or sixth; hind angles rectangular, side margins very

finely reflexed; disc convex, median line well impressed and nearly

entire; foveae only moderately deep, flat or slightly tumid at bottom,

with a few obsolete punctures, hind angles not distinctly carinate.

Elytra fully three and one-half times as long and three-fourths wider

than thorax, three-fifths longer than wide, humeri rather wide, nar-

rowly rounded, sides diverging slightly and nearly straight in basal

two-fifths, greatest width at or very slightly behind the middle; striae

finely impressed, moderately strongly and closely punctured basally,

more feebly so posteriorly, nearly disappearing at apex; seventh stria

represented by a few fine punctures near the base. Length, 5.5 mm.;

width, 2.25 mm.

Described from a single pair taken in McKinley Park, Alaska,

July 8-12, 1924, by my fellow-traveler, Mr. C. A. Richmond.

This species belongs to the ustulatum group, and by its nar-

row thorax is somewhat remindful of scopulinum. It is, how-

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ^ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

133

ever, much larger and without maculation. Careful measure-

ment shows that the prothorax is not quite as wide at apex as

at base. On this basis it would, by Hayward’s table, be asso-

ciated with nevadense and consanguineum, to neither of which

is it at all similar. By Casey’s table it would fall near hum-

holdtense, which is even more remotely related. If the thorax

were regarded as narrower at base than at apex (this relation

is at best a rather elusive one) it would fall between scopulinum

and canadense in Hayward’s table, which is perhaps the most

satisfactory position for it.

Bembidion rupicola Kby. (lucidum Lee.). Skagway; Yukon

and Tanana Rivers. Rupicola has long stood on our lists

as a synonym of ustulatum, but wrongly so. The synonomy

here announced is made certain b)'^ an examination of one

of Kirby’s cotypes kindly sent me by Mr. Arrow.

Bembidion scopulinum Kby. Anchorage; Dawson.

Bembidion picipes Kby. {grapi Auct.). Skagway; Dawson;

Yukon River (Sheep Creek, below Eagle) ; Tanana River;

McKinley Park. This is the species we are accustomed

to call grapi, and probably correctly so, although I have

not been able to compare with European specimens. Except

for darker legs, a Sheep Creek specimen is almost an exact

counterpart of one of the cotypes of Kirby’s picipes, which

I have had the privilege of examining. There can be no

doubt that the other examples taken are the same thing,

and that the species long standing as picipes on our lists,

following Le Conte’s misinterpretation, must henceforth

be known as plagiatum Zimm.

Bembidion dentellum Thumb, (incrematum Lee., arcuatum

Lee.). Dawson.

"^Bembidion coloradense Haywd. Anchorage.

Bembidion nigripes Kby. Skagway; Dawson.

Bembidion intermedium Kby. I did not take this species, but

there are examples in my cabinet collected by Kusche at

Fort Yukon, June 27, 1916. This is the true intermedium

of Kirby, which seems never to have been correctly inter-

preted by our systematists. It is very closely allied to

nigripes (perhaps not distinct), and is similarly brightly

variegated with yellow. The much less ornate intermedium

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

of the Hayward monograph is an entirely different thing,

for which Le Conte’s name rapidum must be restored,

unless on investigation some still older name comes to

light.

Bembidion convexulum Haywd. Dawson. Two examples.

Bembidion atrolucens Csy. White Horse.

Bembidion versicolor Lee. Wrangel.

Bembidion dubitans Lee. Dawson.

Bembidion mutatum G. & H. Dawson.

^Bembidion sulcatum Lee. Anchorage. A single example.

^Bembidion concurrens Fall, n. sp.

Body oblong, suboval, rather strongly convex; black, polished

throughout, elytra with a small nubilous external pale spot at apical

fourth, the apex barely visibly pallescent. Antennae black, basal joint

rufescent; median joints twice as long as wide. Head only slightly

narrower than thorax; eyes rather large and prominent. Pro thorax

one-half wider than long, apex evidently wider than base, sides

broadly arcuate in front, posteriorly sinuate and subparallel in about

the basal sixth, the angles sharp and just visibly more than right;

basal fovese deep, not evidently punctured, bordered externally by a

fine acute carina. Elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, five-

eighths wider than thorax, parallel, sides feebly arcuate in basal half;

striae finely impressed internally, scarcely at all so in outer half;

strial punctures moderate, becoming much finer but still quite dis-

tinct on the declivity and laterally in apical half. Legs very nearly

black. Length, 3.25 mm.; width, 1.35 mm.

Alaska. Scow Bay (north of Wrangel) two males ; Skag-

way, one female. The type is a male from Scow Bay.

This species belongs to the as simile group and in form most

nearly resembles anguliferum, though materially smaller and

with elytra much less finely punctate-striate. The species of

this group form a difficult study, and are considerably more

numerous than indicated by Hayward’s very conservative treat-

ment. The present species by a rigorous interpretation of

Casey’s table would fall near invidiosum, in which, as in cautum,

the elytra are not truly black (as they are in the present spe-

cies) and the legs are rufous. The el3d;ra are also relatively

shorter and more coarsely striate than in concurrens. It is pos-

sible that invidiosum is not really distinct from cautum, and

I feel tolerably sure that digressum Csy. is the same as con-

nivens Lee.

Bembidion sp. dub. (assimile group). Dawson; Seward.

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

135

Bembidion oblongulum Mann. Seward.

Patrobus septenti'ionis Dej. Skagway.

Patrobus (Platidius) aterrimus Dej. Ketchikan.

Trechus chalybceus Dej. Skagway; Anchorage; Seward;

Kasaan.

Pterostichus crenicollis Lee. Ketchikan.

Pterosfichus amethystinus Dej. Kasaan.

Pterostichus validus Dej. Juneau; Kasaan; Ketchikan.

Pterostichus castaneus Dej. Scow Bay; Kasaan; Ketchikan.

Pterostichus adstrictus Esch. Skagway ; Juneau ; Anchorage ;

Seward; Scow Bay; Kasaan; Dawson. Nearly all the names

under Bothriopterus of the Leng list apply to more or less

trifling variations of this ubiquitous northern species.

Pterostichus (Cryobius) riparius Dej. Skagway; Seward;

Juneau.

Pterostichus ( Cryobius) hudsonicus Lee. Childs Glacier.

Pterostichus ( Cryobius ) brevicornis Kby. McKinley Park ;

Dawson.

Pterostichus ( Cryobius ) sp. near mandibularis , and perhaps not

different. McKinley Park; Tanana River.

Pterostichus ( Cryobius ) sp. McKinley Park ; Eagle ; Dawson.

I am unable to place this, even tentatively.

Pterostichus (Cryobius) sp. Anchorage. A single specimen

allied to the preceding, but with entirely black palpi, an-

tennae, and legs.

Amara ( Cyrtonotus ) eschscholtsi Chd. Dawson.

*Amara (Cyrtonotus) consueta Fall, n. sp.

Oblong, moderately elongate, form nearly as in eschscholtzi. Black,

head and thorax polished; elytra minutely alutaceous, moderately

shining in the male, slightly duller in the female; antennae and legs

ferruginous. Head not quite two-thirds as wide as prothorax. Pro-

thorax not quite one-half wider than long, base very slightly wider

than apex; sides broadly, evenly rounded anteriorly, briefly sinuate

before the nearly rectangular hind angles; disc moderately convex,

anterior transverse impressed line feeble; median line distinct, abbre-

viated at both ends; disc in front completely devoid of punctures,

basal impressions deep, a little oblique, numerously punctate; hind

angles obtusely carinate; base at middle impunctate, side margins

narrowly, finely punctured. Elytra ( 6 ) about one-fifth wider and not

quite three times as long as the thorax and about three-fifths longer

than wide; finely striate, striae finely but distinctly punctate, obso-

letely so near apex. Body beneath black, meso- and metepisterna and

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

sides of the metasternum and basal segments of abdomen with a

few fine punctures. Middle and hind thighs bisetose on inner margin;

tarsi with first three joints feebly grooved at sides. Length, 10.5 to

11 mm.; width 3.9 to 4 mm.

Described from six examples taken by the writer at Skagway,

Alaska, June 18-21, 1924.

This species is, by a strict interpretation of Hayward’s table,

to be associated with infausta Lec., and is undoubtedly closely

allied with both that species and eschscholtzi, from both of

which it seems constantly separable by the total lack of anterior

discal punctuation of the thorax. It seems highly probable that

we have too many described species already in this genus, never-

theless I am unable to attach any of the published names to the

present species.

Amara littoralis Esch. Skagway; Ketchikan.

Amara 7' emote striata Dej. White Horse.

Amara mterstitialis Dej. Dawson.

* Amara polita Lec. Eagle.

Calathus ingratus Dej. Skagway; Nenana; Anchorage.

Calathus advena Lec. Childs Glacier.

Platynus stygicus Lec. {\\maurus Mots.). Anchorage.

Platynus perforatus Lec. Dawson.

Platynus bogemanni Gyll. Skagway ; Dawson.

Platynus quadripunctatus DeG. Anchorage.

Platynus n. sp. ? near sordens Kby. Anchorage.

^'Platynus nigriceps Lec. Fairbanks.

Cymindis cribricollis Dej. White Horse.

Harpalus fulvilabris Mann. Eagle.

Harpalus plew'iticus Kby. Dawson.

^Harpalus laticeps Lec. ? Fairbanks. A single non-typical

example, somewhat crushed, picked up from the sidewalk.

"^Harpalus cordifer Notm. Juneau; taken also at Goldstream,

Vancouver Island.

Harpalus basillai'is Kby. White Horse ; Eagle.

*Harpalus pacificus Fall, n. sp.

Body oblong, rather markedly convex, black, strongly shining

throughout, the elytra very finely alutaceous. Antennae and trophi

ferruginous, the former scarcely passing the hind angles of the

thorax, their intermediate joints fully twice as long as wide; head

not quite three-fourths as wide as thorax; eyes moderately promi-

nent. Prothorax slightly more than one-half wider than long; base

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

137

a little wider than apex; sides subevenly arcuate, a little more

strongly so in front; basal angles obtuse, their apices somewhat

blunted but not distinctly rounded; basal foveae rather strongly,

closely punctured, the adjoining surface externally sparsely punc-

tured, the punctures nearly absent at middle of base; sides strongly

convexly declivous anteriorly, narrowly and feebly deplanate pos-

teriorly from the middle, the marginal bead translucent posteriorly.

Elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, sides parallel; striae fine,

intervals flat with scattered, very minute punctures. Body beneath

black, the epipleura not at all paler. Legs rather stout; femora and

tips of tibiae black; tibiae except at apex and tarsi rufous. Length,

8.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm.

Ketchikan, Alaska, a single male (type) ; Scow Bay, one

female ; Skagway, one male doubtfully referred.

This species in its typical form agrees nearly with the de-

scription of fugitans Csy. in many respects, including the color

of the legs, but in that species the form is said to be unusually

depressed, the hind angles of the thorax nearly right, and the

pronotal foveae very shallow and sparsely punctured, none of

which statements are at all applicable to the present species.

The Scow Bay and Skagway specimens differ from the type

in having the legs predominently rufous, the tips of the femora

and tibiae only being lightly infuscated, the sides of the thorax

are also less rounded. In the Scow Bay female the elytra are

dull. All three specimens have the mentum emargination vir-

tually without a tooth, although there is an extremely feeble,

broadly rounded, prominence detectable on close scrutiny.

Harpalus rufimanus Lee. Dawson.

Trichocellus cognatus Gyll. Seward.

Tachycellus nigriniis Dej. Skagway; Juneau; Scow Ba,y ;

Wrangel.

FAMILY DYTISCID.F;

Coelambus borealis Fall, n. sp.

Elongate oval, widest at middle of the length, sides of thorax

nearly continuous with those of the elytra. Head and thorax flavo-

testaceous, the former with a dark spot adjacent to each eye and

the hind margin narrowly blackish, the latter with the anterior mar-

gin narrowly dark, and a small central spot which is diffusely pro-

duced to the hind margin. Elytra with the disc broadly fuscoluteous,

due to the diffusion of the customary markings, which are, however,

somewhat defined when the elytra are viewed very obliquely in the

direction of their length. Body beneath black except the head,

thorax, and epipleura; legs rufotestaceous; tarsi blackish. Head

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

alutaceous and sparsely punctulate. Prothorax and elytra polished

throughout, the former finely and sparsely punctured on the disc,

more closely toward all the margins, more strongly so post-medially;

elytral punctures nearly equal in the posterior half where they are

separated by about half their own diameters, in the anterior half

they are obviously, though not very conspicuously, unequal and

somewhat less closely placed. Prothorax one-half wider than the

head, the sides moderately divergent and almost straight throughout.

Elytra twice as wide as the head and one-half longer than wide.

Sides of coxal plates and of the abdomen basally, coarsely closely

punctate, the punctures separated by much less than their own

diameters; surface of coxal plates strongly alutaceous.

Male. Four anterior tarsi strongly dilated, the second joint of the

protarsus visibly wider than the first and as wide as the tibiae at

apex; anterior protarsal claw a little thicker and just visibly shorter

than the posterior and more strongly curved basally. Length, 3.7

mm.; width, 1.85 mm.

Dawson, Yukon Territory. A single male taken by the writer

June 30, 1924.

This species is very closely allied to patruelis, and is possibly

only a variety thereof. It differs from all specimens of a

numerous series of patruelis in my collection by the almost per-

fectly straight sides of the prothorax and by the strongly aluta-

ceous coxal plates, these being polished and without alutaceous

sculpture, except in the dull females, in patruelis. The punctua-

tion of the coxal plates in patruelis is also less dense than in

the present species, the elytral disc is more uniformly punctured,

and the tarsi only rarely show any tendency to infuscation.

Hydroporus planius cuius Fall. Scow Bay.

Hydroporus notahilis Lee. Anchorage. Specimens vary con-

siderably in size and indicate the identity of notabilis and

arcticus.

Hydroporus nigellus Mann. Anchorage ; Seward ; Skagway.

Hydroporus tartaricus Lee. McKinley Park.

Hydroporus melanocephalus Gyll. Dawson; Tanana River;

Fairbanks.

Hydroporus polaris Fall. Dawson. A single male of this rare

species.

"^Hydroporus fuscipennis Schaum, Fairbanks.

Hydroporus striola Gyll. Dawson.

Hydroporus yukonensis Fall, n. sp.

Allied to 12-line atus and semiclarus. Moderately elongate, oval;

upper surface pale testaceous with blackish markings as follows:

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

139

Head with a subtriangular spot each side adjacent to the eyes, these

spots confluent with each other and with a posterior marginal line

at the middle of the occiput; prothorax with a small transverse spot

each side of the middle in the posterior transverse impression and

another still smaller at the middle of the sublateral longitudinal im-

pression; elytra each with six narrow discal vitte and two or three

exterior longitudinal dashes, the black vittae a little wider than the

pale stripes between them. Prothorax wider at base, twice as wide

as long, and about one-half wider than the head; sides oblique and

nearly straight from the base almost to the apical angles; side mar-

gins fine but distinct. Elytra about four and one-half times as long,

and one-half wider than the thorax, and a little less than one-half

longer than wide; sides markedly discontinuous with those of the

thorax, subparallel and broadly arcuate in basal three-fifths; feebly

sinuate before the apex in the male, obtusely angulate before an

apical sinus in the female; the sutural angles acute and well defined in

both sexes. Upper surface throughout micro-reticulate and sparsely,

finely punctulate. Body beneath black, similarly micro-reticulate and

sparsely punctulate; margins of hypomera and epipleura testaceous.

Antennae and legs testaceous, the apical parts of the terminal joints

of the palpi and outer joints of the antennae and the basal two-thirds

of the femora infuscate.

In the male the protarsi are a little wider than in the female, with

the second joint evidently wider than the first (scarcely wider than

the first in the female), and the protarsal claws slightly less slender,

though mutually equal and scarcely longer than in the female. The

last ventral segment is not appreciably modified in either sex.

Length (type male), 4.5 mm.; width, 2.3 mm.

Described from a single pair taken by the writer at Dawson,

Yukon Territory, June 24, 1924.

This species is very nearly allied to semiclarus, and may prove

to be only a smaller Northern race of that species. The two

agree in having the male protarsal claws slightly thickened,

but the present species, in addition to the smaller size, differs

in its somewhat smaller thorax with nearly straight converg-

ing sides, the sides being much more rounded in semiclarus ;

12-lineatus differs from both by the protarsal claws of the male

not at all thickened, the entirely pale femora and the more

ample prothorax with sides less strongly discontinuous with

those of the elytra.

'^'Hydroporus alaskanus Fall, n. sp.

Similar to the preceding species in color, markings, general form

and structural features, except as follows: Form a little more elon-

gate, more than twice as long as wide (less than twice as long as

wide in yukonensis). Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,

the latter with sides straight and parallel in basal half to three-

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

fourths, extremely finely margined; hind angles rectangular; disc

with two anterior transverse black dashes parallel with those in the

posterior depression; elytra with sides even more strongly discon-

tinuous with those of the thorax. In the male the protarsi are as in

yukonensis, except that the tarsal claws are virtually as slender as in

the female; the last ventral is broadly transversely impressed medi-

ally, the apical half flattened or feebly impressed longitudinally at

middle. In the female the apex of the last ventral is produced in

the form of a short broad deflexed process with converging sides

and broadly truncate extremity. Length, 4.5 to 5.3 mm.; width, 1.9

to 2.4 mm. Ratios of length to width in four measured examples are

2.37 (6); 2.2, 2.2, 2.1 ($).

Described from one male and seven females, all taken by

the writer at Skagway, Alaska, June 18-21, 1924. It is quite

distinct from the preceding species by the above characters, and

from all allied forms by the peculiar apical process of the last

ventral in the female.

*Hydroporus recticollis Fall, n. sp.

Closely allied to the preceding two species, but more especially

to alaskanus with which it agrees in the short parallel-sided thorax

with rectangular hind angles, the nearly straight sides extremely

finely margined. The form is more strongly elongate, the thorax

smaller than in either of the preceding two species and not much

wider than the head; elytra from five and one-half to six times the

thoracic length. Black markings of the upper surface heavier than

in the preceding species, the thoracic disc becoming diffusely clouded,

leaving the margins and a narrow central line pale; the black elytral

vittae much wider than the intervening yellow lines and the external

fragmentary vittse more developed. There is a tendency here, as in

all species of the group, for the first and second elytral vittae to

become confluent in a small antemedian spot. The epipleura are

entirely blackish. In the male, as in the preceding species, the pro-

tarsi are perceptibly more dilated than in the female, the second

joint a little wider than either the first or third; the claws mutually

equal, slender and not differing sexually. The last ventral is longi-

tudinally medially impressed in apical half in the male. In the female

the last ventral is rather abruptly flattened or impressed around the

apical margin, which is at middle a little deflexed, but not distinctly

produced. The subapical marginal angulation of the elytra in the

female is a little more prominent, being nearly rectangular in the

present species, obviously obtuse in the two preceding. Length (male

type), 5.2 mm.; width, 2.3 mm. In two females the dimensions are

4.9 and 2.15 and 4.8 by 2.15 mm.

Described from one male and two female examples, taken by

the writer at Seward (Kenai Peninsula), Alaska, July 18, 1924.

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

141

The five species now known from our fauna, in this restricted

group having the sides of the elytra of the female subapically

angulate, may be tabulated as follows :

Prothorax wider at base than at middle.

Protarsal claws not differing appreciably in the sexes, femora

entirely pale 12-lineatus

Protarsal claws slightly thickened in the male; femora blackish in

basal half to three-fourths.

Sides of thorax arcuate throughout semiclarus

Sides of thorax nearly straight yukonensis

Prothorax not appreciably wider at base than at middle, the sides

virtually straight and parallel in at least basal half; protarsal

claws of male not at all thickened.

Last ventral of female with a broad deflexed apical

process alaskanus

Last ventral of female without broad apical process; general form

a little more elongate; prothorax smaller and with broad diffuse

discal cloud recticollis

Agabus hypomels Mann. Ketchikan; Scow Bay; San Juan

(Evans Island).

^Agabus inscriptus Cr, Skagway. I have also in my cabinet a

specimen taken at Homer by W. S. Me Alpine of Detroit.

"^Agabus sp. Allied to canadensis ; a single male taken at Fair-

banks. It is possible that the lecontei Cr. of the Hamilton

list may be this.

Agabus infuscatus Aube. Anchorage.

Agabus anthracinus Mann. San Juan (Evans Island).

Agabus nigroceneus Er. Fairbanks.

*Agabus kenaiensis Fall, n. sp.

Obtusely oblong oval, black, antennae and legs brownish, the

thighs darker, especially the posterior. Body only moderately con-

vex, surface rather strongly shining, minutely alutaceous and with a

feebly impressed system of much larger reticulations which are quite

irregular in form. Punctuation apparently lacking, except for the

usual irregular finely setigerous elytral series and similar irregular

series along the front margin and the exterior third of the rear

margin of the prothorax. Closer inspection, however, reveals numer-

ous scattered very minute punctures mostly at the intersections of

the fine reticulating lines. Head with two faint rufous occipital spots.

Prothorax a little less than three times as wide as long, sides feebly

arcuate, nearly continuous with the sides of the elytra. Margin mod-

erate, base just perceptibly sinuate each side of the middle. Elytra

two-thirds as long as wide, slightly wider at middle than at base,

sides subparallel in basal two-thirds. Body beneath alutaceous-

reticulate, with a few fine punctures; ventral surface with some

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

widely spaced oblique very fine striae, especially on the second seg-

ment. Prosternal process roof-shaped; hind coxal plates distant by

rather less than half their own length from the middle coxal cavi-

ties; hind tibiae with a few punctures along their inner margin.

Male. Anterior tarsi feebly dilated, somewhat compressed, clothed

beneath with rather long squamules bearing at their tips a few small

inconspicuous palettes; prosternal claws a little elongate, slender,

equal, the posterior with a more pronounced basal sinuation of the

inner margin. Length, 6.25 mm.; width, 3.3 mm.

Described from two completely similar male specimens taken

by the writer at Anchorage, Alaska, July 14, 1924. They

occurred in wet moss.

This species is nearly allied to confertus, differing in its much

smaller size, somewhat narrower form, elytra without a trace

of a sublateral pale spot, last ventral segment of male nearly

destitute of the longitudinal strigae so conspicuous in confertus.

In the present species the posterior protarsal claw shows the

more conspicuous basal sinuation, while in confertus it is the

anterior claw.

*Agabus gelidus Fall, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, oblong oval, barely perceptibly inflated pos-

teriorly, elytra and thorax nearly continuous in outline; black, mod-

erately shining; antennas dark rufous; legs piceo-rufous. Very simi-

lar in most of its characters to confertus, with which it agrees nearly

in size and form; the sculpture above consists as in confertus, of a

system of rather large irregular reticulations within which the sur-

face is more finely reticulate, with sparse, very fine scattered punc-

tures, which may lie either within the meshes or on the reticulating

lines. As in confertus, the metastenial groove for the reception of

the tip of the prosternal process is quite rudimentary. The series

of punctures along the inner margin of the hind tibiae are very few

in number, and the present species differs otherwise from confertus

in the narrower side margins of the prothorax, and notably in the

much narrower wings of the metasternum between the middle coxal

cavities and the hind coxal plates, this distance being in the present

species less than half the distance across the coxal plate, while in

confertus it is obviously greater than half the width of the coxal

plate. The sublateral yellow spot of the elytra is wanting in gelidus,

and the longitudinal strigation of the last ventral in the male is only

feebly developed, there being, however, a broad median impressed

area extending from apex nearly to base of the segment, which seems

to be wholly wanting in confertus. The protarsi of the male are

similarly but noticeably more strongly dilated and compressed in

gelidus, the protarsal claws elongate and sinuate on the inner margin

in about the same degree. Length, 8 mm.; width, 4.25 mm.

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

143

Described from a single male specimen taken by the writer

at Fairbanks, Alaska, July 7, 1924.

Agabus tristis Aube. Skagway; Sitka; Wrangel; Ketchikan.

Ilybius quadrimaculatus Lee. Wrangel.

Rhantus divisus Aube. Skagway.

FAMILY HYDROPHILID^

Ochthebius holmbergi Makl. Anchorage.

Helophorus inquinatus Mann. Skagway.

"^Helophorus lacustris Lec. ?, McKinley Park.

"^Helophorus nitidulus Lec. Fairbanks.

Hydrobius fuscipes L. Fairbanks.

^Hydrobius scabrosus Horn. Ketchikan.

"^Paracymus moratus Horn, var. Skagway; Juneau. Mr. Lie-

beck, who has kindly compared specimens with the Utah

types in the Horn collection, finds certain small differences

which seem to be constant and indicate that the Alaskan

form may be distinct.

Laccobius ellipticus Lec. Anchorage.

Cercyon marinus Thoms. Dawson.

Cercyon fulvipennis Mann. Skagway; Anchorage; Juneau.

FAMILY SILPHID^

Necrophorus pustulatus var. melsheimeri Kby. Anchorage.

Silpha lapponica Hbst. Anchorage.

Silpha tritub erculata Kby. Dawson ; White Horse.

Pelatines (P elates Horn ||) latus Mann. Sitka.

Choleva spcnciana Kby.? Dawson. Two females. C. alsiosa

Horn is in my collection from Fort Yukon (Kusche).

Although described from Alaska in 1885, this species does

not appear in the Hamilton list of 1894.

Colon magnicolle Mann. McKinley Park. A single specimen.

Colon pusillum Horn. Dawson. Two examples.

Hydnobius substriatus Lec. Skagway; Dawson.

*Hydnobius latidcns Lec. McKinley Park.

Anisotoma punctatostriata Kby. Dawson.

^Anisotoma assimilis Lec. Anchorage.

*Agathidmm revolvens Lec. McKinley Park; White Horse.

"^Clambus gibbulus Lec. Anchorage.

FAMILY SCYDM^NID.®

Lophoderus bifoj'mis Makl. Sitka; Ketchikan.

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

*Euconnus longiceps Fall, n. sp.

Of large size (2 mm.) and rather narrow form, polished, impunc-

tate, except for the minute punctures bearing the elytral hairs; brown,

with the sutural edge nigrescent basally. Pubescence yellowish-

brown, stiff and posteriorly directed on the occiput, similarly rather

densely bristling at sides of prothorax; longer, finer, sparser and

more reclinate on the elytra. Head much longer than wide, scarcely

more than half as wide as the prothorax; sides of the occiput nearly

straight and convergent for about four times the length of the small

anterior eyes, to the strongly constricted neck, the latter about one-

half the width of the head. Antennae fully half the length of the

body, without definitely limited club; second joint subcylindrical,

slightly wider apically, twice as long as wide and nearly equal to

the two following; three to six equal in width to the second and

mutually nearly similar, suboblong, slightly longer than wide; seven

to ten gradually wider and becoming a little transverse; eleven not

quite as long as the two preceding. Prothorax distinctly longer than

wide, sides parallel and arcuate before the posterior lateral constric-

tion, subbasal transverse impression feebly trifoveate at middle and

at hind angles, the latter with short carina. Elytra elongate oval,

widest at middle, about two-thirds longer than wide and two-thirds

wider than the prothorax; basal impression strong, subhumeral and

sutural impressions obsolete. Femora moderately clavate; tibiae wider

medially, tarsi rather short and stout, basal joint subequal to the

two following; apical a little longer than the basal; hind coxae sub-

contiguous. Length, 1.95 mm.; width, .75 mm.

Ketchikan, Alaska, August 1, 1924, a single example sifted

from damp moss.

Although possessing the essential characters of Euconnus, this

species does not fit very well in any of the groups of the genus

established by Casey. The very elongate head should make it

easily recognizable among all known species of the genus. The

sex of the single individual is uncertain, but the slightly broader

basal joint of the protarsus may indicate the male.

*Scydmaenus adjutor Fall, n. sp.

Elongate, suboval, only moderately ventricose; black, antennae and

legs brownish ferruginous; surface polished, head and prothorax

impunctate, elytra with fine sparse punctulation; pubescence fine,

sparse and reclinate or inclined. Head wider than long; eyes rather

prominent, subbasal, the tempora very short and rapidly convergent;

excavation of the vertex broad and shallow, vaguely biimpressed at

bottom. Antennae gradually incrassate, the eighth joint slightly, the

ninth and tenth more distinctly, transverse; joints proportionately

nearly as in pacificus. Prothorax a little longer than wide, sides mod-

erately rounded in apical half, constricted at basal third; surface

coarsely biimpressed laterally within the constriction and with a

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

145

short subbasal dorsal transverse impression. Elytra oval, widest near

middle, three-fourths wider than thorax, one-half longer than wide;

humeri obtusely rounded but evident; basal impressions nearly as in

pacificus’, legs as in pacificus. Length (head depressed), 1.2 to 1.3

mm.; width, .55 mm.

Described from two examples taken by the writer at Skag-

way, Alaska, July 27, 1924.

This species is a Brachycepsis, closely allied to suhpunctatus

and pacificus. It is very considerably smaller than either of the

two mentioned, and differs from pacificus also in its black color

(rufotestaceous in pacificus), rather more slender antennas and

slightly less ventricose elytra, which are widest more nearly at

the middle. There is no apparent indication of sex in either of

the two specimens.

Eiifheia (Veraphis) scitula Makl. Scow Bay.

FAMILY ORTHOPERID^

^Orthoperus scutellaris Lee. Dawson; Sheep Creek; Yukon

River (below Eagle). This species was wrongly trans-

ferred to Sphaerius in the Leng List.

*Sacium lugubre Lee. White Horse; Dawson; Fort Yukon.

FAMILY STAPHYLINID^

Olisthcerus megacephalus Zett. McKinley Park ; Tanana River.

Megarthrus sinuatocollis Lac. Dawson.

Anthobium pathos Mann. Seward.

"^Pycnoglypta lurida Gyll. Anchorage.

Omalium foraminosum Makl. Dawson; Sheep Creek, Yukon

River (below Eagle).

Omalium sp. Fairbanks.

Phlceonomus lapponicus Zett. Dawson; Anchorage; Fort

Yukon (Kusche).

*Arpedium brunnescens Sahlbg. Skagway ; McKinley Park.

Acidota quadrata Zett. Skagway; McKinley Park,

Micrcedus laticollis Mann. Sitka.

Micrcedus austinianus Lee. Seward; Ketchikan.

P elecomalium testaceum Mann. Skagway ; Seward.

Geodromicus ovipennis Lee. Dawson. One example. This

specimen agrees well with LeConte’s type and cannot safely

be referred to the European plagiatum (see Leng list), a

specimen of which is before me. This latter has the elytra

distinctly longer, with less diverging sides.

Ancycophorus biimpressus Makl. McKinley Park.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

*Trogophloeus alaskanus Fall, n. sp.

Moderately slender, depressed, sublinear; black, legs black, the

tibiae internally, tarsi, mouth and base of palpi testaceous; antennae

piceous. Upper surface densely, finely punctate and feebly shining;

abdomen, especially toward apex, more sparsely punctate and shin-

ing; pubescence very short and fine. Head quadrate, hind angles

subrectangularly rounded; tempora slightly longer than the eyes,

straight and parallel; vertex broadly roundly impressed Eyes small,

just perceptibly more prominent than the tempora, attaining the

middle of the elytra. Antennas moderately slender, gradually in-

crassate, the outer three joints forming a feebly differentiated club;

joints four to eight about as long as wide, fourth smallest,

eighth just perceptibly transverse. Prothorax equal in width to the

head, a little wider than long, front angles nearly right and scarcely

rounded, sides broadly arcuate and feebly convergent from just be-

hind the apex; hind angles obtuse and rounded as viewed from

above; disc with an oblong impression occupying the apical two-

thirds of the length and the middle one-third of the width. Elytra

distinctly wider than thorax, subequal in length to the head and

thorax combined and much longer than wide. Abdomen slightly

narrower at base than the elytra and slightly widened behind, border

rather thick but shallow; ventral segments four to six impressed at

middle, the fourth very feebly, the sixth broadly and deeply, the apex

of the latter behind the impression briefly carinate, the margin

broadly angulate medially. Legs moderately slender. Length, 1.6

mm.; width, .45 mm.

McKinley Park Station, Alaska, July 9, 1924; a single ex-

ample taken by the writer.

This little species belongs to Group IV of Casey’s Revision,

and by the table would be associated with indigens, from which

it differs in a number of details, notably the longer elytra, dark

legs, and ventral impressions.

*Trogophloeus teres Fall, n. sp.

Closely related to the preceding species, but apparently distinct

by the following differences: Size larger (2.3 mm.), elytra piceo-

testaceous, legs entirely pale; prothorax slightly wider than the head

and relatively more transverse, the impression much larger, extend-

ing almost throughout the length, at the base involving almost the

entire discal width, but becoming narrower and more vague anteri-

orly. Elytra even slightly longer than in alaskanus, abdomen more

distinctly narrowed basally and more strongly punctured, less shin-

ing. Ventral segments not impressed.

A single specimen only, taken at McKinley Park Station on

the same date as the preceding, but whether the two specimens

were taken together I do not recall. There is perhaps a possi-

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

147

bility that they are sexes of one species, the difference in color

being due to immaturity. This point can only be settled by

further collecting. So far as I know these are the first species

of the genus to be recorded from Alaska.

Aploderus sp. Female. Ketchikan. This seems much like

princeps, but without the male definite determination is

difficult.

Oxytelus invenustus Csy. ? One female. White Horse. A

male example taken at Edmonton, Alberta, on this trip, and

others in my collection from Banff, Alberta, and Beulah,

New Mexico, appear to possess precisely the male sexual

characters described by Casey from his Maryland type.

^'Oxytelus suspectus Csy. Skagway.

Platystethiis americamis Er. Dawson.

Bledius turgidiis Csy. Yukon River, fifty miles below Selkirk,

Y. T.

Bledius sp. Dawson.

Bledius alhonotatus Makl. ? Skagway.

Stenus bipunctatus Er. Dawson.

^Stenus austini Csy. McKinley Park; Anchorage. I have

also a specimen of this species taken by Wickham at Fort

Wrangel; this is, I suppose, one of the two undetermined

species mentioned by Wickham in his list.

Stenus ptej'obrachys G. and H. Juneau; Sitka; Ketchikan.

* Stenus stygicus Say. Eagle.

^Stenus mammops Csy. Anchorage.

Stenus cariniceps Makl. Juneau; Ketchikan. Ten other as

yet unidentified species of Stenus were taken in Alaska.

I had hoped to be able before this to compare these with

Casey’s types, but Mr. Barber writes me that the latter are

not yet available for study.

*Lathrobium sollicitum Fall, n. sp.

Form nearly parallel; black, antennas piceous, base scarcely paler;

legs rufopiceous, the tibiae paler. Head, thorax and elytra polished,

abdomen dull from the density of the minute punctulation. Antennae

rather slender, not quite reaching the thoracic base, intermediate

joints all feebly obconic and a little longer than wide. Head behind

the clypeus subquadrate, sides parallel, hind angles broadly rounded,

base truncate at middle, punctures numerous but well separated,

median line smoother; eyes at about twice their length from the

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

base; gular sutures parallel and widely separated; neck one-third the

width of the head. Prothorax slightly wider than the head, about

one-fourth longer than wide, sides parallel, feebly arcuate, front

angles rather abruptly, hind angles more broadly, rounded; punctua-

tion strong, not very close, median line narrowly but indefinitely

smooth. Elytra equal in length and in maximum width to the

thorax, sides very feebly but perceptibly divergent from base to apex,

punctures similar to those of the thorax but rather sparser. Abdo-

men at base equal in width to the elytra, very slightly widened to

apical third, very finely, densely punctulate and dull, both above and

beneath. Legs moderately stout, the front thighs thickened but not

sinuate beneath. Length, 5.2 to 5.4 mm.; maximum width, .9 mm.

Described from two males taken by the writer at Anchorage,

Alaska, July 13-14, 1924.

In these the sixth dorsal abdominal segment is strongly acumi-

nate at apex, the sixth ventral with a very small apical emargi-

nation, triangular in form with its apex narrowly rounded.

By its narrow neck, this species should be referred to the

group Tartopeus, but does not resemble at all any species

therein defined by Casey, unless it be his lacustris, which is

apparently quite different from the other species of his table,

and is seemingly remindful of the more typical Lathrobii. In

lacustris the elytra are said to be shorter than the thorax, and

the sexual characters of the abdomen are not like those in

sollicitum.

Lathrobium finitimum Lee. Scow Bay.

Lathrobium subseriatum Lee. Kasaan.

^Lathrobium sewardi Fall, n. sp.

Form moderately slender and convex. Head, thorax, and basal

half of elytra brownish piceous or castaneous, apical half of elytra

brighter rufous; abdomen piceous, antennae and legs reddish-brown.

Head subquadrate, sides straight and parallel, hind angles broadly

rounded, base truncate; eyes small, at twice their length from the

base; surface densely punctate at sides and base, less closely so

medially. Antennae attaining base of prothorax, median joints ob-

conical and about one-half longer than wide. Prothorax slightly

narrower than the head, one-third longer than wide, widest at apex,

sides nearly straight and convergent to base; all angles broadly

rounded; punctuation close and confused, median impunctate line

subelevated. Elytra as wide as the head, subequal in length to the

prothorax, and one-sixth or one-seventh longer than wide; sides

parallel, surface coarsely and closely sublinearly punctate. Abdomen

very finely not closely punctate.

Male. Ventral segments two to six with median impressions in-

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

149

creasing in size and depth, margin of fifth segment broadly sinuate,

apex of sixth with suboval or elliptical emargination, its limiting

angles sharply subrectangular, the impression anteriorly with a dense

patch of short black spicules, narrowly divided along the middle.

Length, 5.8 to 7 mm.; width, .9 to 1 mm.

Described from two males and four females taken by the

writer at Seward, Alaska, July 18-20, 1924.

This species belongs to Casey’s genus Lobrathium and is very

closely related to tacoma; Csy., differing most notably in color

and the less slender antennae; the secondary sexual characters

are nearly identical.

Baptolinus macrocephalus Nordm. Ketchikan ; Seward ; Kasaan ;

Skagway.

Philonthus septentrionis Fall, n. sp.

Deep black throughout, polished, elytra with slightly green bronze

luster. Head quadrate oval in male, a little more oval in the female;

eyes distant their own length from the base of the head. Antennae

barely as long as the head and thorax, entirely black; joints eight to

ten as wide or slightly wider than long, the preceding joints slightly

more elongate. Prothorax quadrate oval, one-third to two-fifths

wider than the head, evidently narrowed in front; dorsal punctures

fine, three in number, equidistant. Elytra a little wider than the

thorax, nearly square or very slightly transverse; punctuation rather

fine and sparse, not distinctly muricate. Abdomen sparsely a little

more strongly punctate than the elytra, beneath still more coarsely so.

Male. Anterior tarsi moderately strongly dilated; last ventral with

a triangular emargination a little wider than deep, and surrounded

by an acutely angulate gutter. Length, 6 to 7 mm.; width, 1.4 to

1.6 mm.

Described from one male and two female examples collected

by the writer at Dawson, Yukon Territory, June 24, 1924.

This species is of about the size and aspect of umhratilis, and

may be placed near it. In the latter the tempora are shorter,

the thorax less narrowed in front and with coarser serial punc-

tures, the abdomen more finely punctured beneath, and the legs

brownish-red.

Philonthus hasalis Horn, var. Dawson. Three examples differ-

ing from the typical form by having the elytra varied with

fuscous.

Philonthus fraternus Fall, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, deep black, shining, tarsi alone brownish.

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

Antennae not quite as long as the head and thorax, outer joints

nearly square. Head subquadrate, three-fifths as wide as the thorax,

the latter as long as wide, distinctly narrowed in front; dorsal punc-

tures four, equidistant. Elytra nearly square, a little wider than the

thorax, not at all aeneous, punctuation rather sparse. Abdomen a

little more finely and equally sparsely punctate.

Male. Front tarsi very broadly dilated, last ventral triangularly

emarginate and with a rather deep longitudinal impression tapering

forward and extending the entire length of the segment; penulti-

mate segment very broadly angulato-sinuate. Length, 6 mm.; width,

1.4 mm.

Dawson, Yukon Territory, June 24, 1924, a single male

specimen taken by the writer.

This species can only be compared with quadricollis and the-

veneti, because of the last ventral of the male being longitudi-

nally impressed throughout its length. In both these latter spe-

cies the sides of the thorax are parallel or very nearly so, while

in the present one they are distinctly convergent. Qiiadricollis

has the legs and antennae brown or paler and theveneti is said

to have the elytra not wider than the thorax.

^Philonthus sp. Ketchikan. One female in the vicinity of

crotchi, which it may be.

^'Philonthus distans Horn. Anchorage.

Philonthus siegwaldi Mann. S kag way ; Juneau ; Port Althorp.

Philonthus nigrihdus Grav. Skagway ; Dawson.

^Philonthus decipiens Horn. Wrangel.

"^Philonthus sordidus Grav. Anchorage.

Creophilus maxillosvis L. Juneau.

Heterothrops sp. Near carhonatus, but probably distinct;

Dawson, one female.

Quedius Icevigatus Gyll. Seward.

Quedius molochinus Grav. Sev/ard; Skagway; Juneau.

Quedius brunneipennis Mann. Anchorage ; McKinley Park.

Quedius hyperhoreus Er. ? Anchorage.

Quedius sublimbatus Makl. Skagway.

Quedius sp. Childs Glacier.

Quedius peregrinus Grav. Juneau.

Quedius sp. near cenescens Makl. Fairbanks.

Tachinus nigricornis Mann. Wrangel.

Tachinus instabilis Makl. Anchorage; Juneau.

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

151

Tachinus circtmicinctus Makl, Dawson; Tanana River; Fort

Yukon (Kusche).

^Tachyporus jocosus Say. Anchorage.

Tachyporus chrysomelinus Er. Dawson.

Boletohius cincticollis Say.? Anchorage; McKinley Park.

Mycetoporus humidus Say. Eagle.

Mycetoporus nigrans Makl. McKinley Park, one example

which fits Maeklin’s description very perfectly. His type

was said to be from the interior of the Kenai Peninsula.

"^Gymnusa variegata Kies. Fairbanks, one example, differing

slightly from a European specimen in my collection.

"^Myllcena sp. Scow Bay; Ketchikan. No species of this

genus has hitherto been recorded from Alaska.

Placusa complanata Er. Dawson.

Gyrophcuna sp. Anchorage. This is perhaps geniculata Makl.

*Atheta divisa Mark. Anchorage ; McKinley Park.

Atheta aquatica Thom. ? Dawson.

Atheta graminicola Grav. Skagway ; Fairbanks ; White Horse.

Atheta picipennis Mann. Anchorage.

Acrotona fungi Grav. Skagway ; Anchorage ; Juneau.

'^Gnypeta sp. Fairbanks. First record of the genus from

Alaska.

Gnypeta sp. Dawson.

Aleochara bipustulata L. Anchorage ; Fairbanks ; Dawson.

Aleochara pleuralis Csy. Dawson.

Dasyglossa prospera Er. Tanana River. The greater num-

ber of the Aleocharinae taken are as yet undetermined.

FAMILY PSELAPHID^

Sonoma parviceps Makl. Ketchikan.

Trimium clavicorne Makl. Ketchikan, one pair.

*Richenbachia binodifer Csy. Ketchikan. Scow Bay.

^Rybaxis brendeli Lee. var. Anchorage.

^Tychus cognatus Lee. Seward; Ketchikan.

FAMILY PTILIID^

Ptenidium pullum Makl. Scow Bay.

Acratichis {Trichopteryx || Kby.) sitkeensis Mots. Sitka.

Acratrichis laticollis Makl. Seward.

Acratrichis sp. Anchorage.

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

Acratrichis sp. McKinley Park.

Acratrichis three species. Dawson.

FAMILY HISTERID^

Hister (Psilocelis) subopaca Lee. var., or very closely allied

species. Dawson, one example; White Horse (Kusche).

FAMILY LAMPYRID^

*Podabrus comes conspiratus Fall. n. var.

This name is proposed for a form of which a single example

was taken at Skagway. It may or may not be a form of the

Californian comes, the amount of variability of which within

specific limits is not definitely known. The present specimen

differs from all my comes (so labelled) by the slightly more

transverse thorax, which is a little less rounded on the sides

and without visible sinuation at the hind angles, which are not

perceptibly prominent. The thorax also lacks the median eroded

line and has the front margin blackish at middle. It agrees

otherwise in color with the typical comes except that the pos-

terior ventral segments are not margined with yellow, the ter-

minal segment being merely feebly paler at tip. Length, 14 mm.

Skagway, Alaska, June 18-20, 1924; a single female.

*Podabrus tetragonoderus Fall. n. sp.

Moderately elongate, black, clypeus at sides, sides of pro-

thorax and basal three joints of antennae beneath, yellow; elytra

with a grayish aspect due to the rather plentiful ashy pubes-

cence. Antennae longer than half the body; second joint a

little narrower but subequal in length to the third ( 6 ), or

a little shorter than the third ( 2 ) ; third joint subtriangular, a

little longer than wide, distinctly wider than the fourth in the

male, less noticeably so in the female; following joints nearly

parallel-sided, becoming gradually more slender, the fourth a

little more than twice, the outer joints fully three times, as long

as wide. Head ( 6 ) just perceptibly narrower than the thorax;

eyes moderate; the eyes less prominent and the head narrower

in the female; clypeus and front as far back as a line joining

the posterior part of the eyes nearly smooth ; occiput closely,

rugosely punctate but shining. Prothorax quadrate, a little wider

than long, not or barely perceptibly wider near the front angles ;

sides nearly parallel and straight ; a very faint sinuation before

JANUARY, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

153

the sharply defined hind angles, front angles rounded, posterior

discal elevations rather strong and situated within the broad

dorsal black stripe, which is dilated behind the middle; sur-

face distinctly but not deeply punctate throughout, more finely

so in the yellow margins and between the discal elevations ;

median line finely eroded in posterior two-thirds. Elytra finely

scabrous punctate. Legs black, front tibiae in the single female

a little dilute in color. Claws ( 6 ) finely cleft, the inner por-

tion approximate to, and nearly as long as, the outer on the

front and middle feet, much shorter but still finely acute on

the hind feet. In the female the inner portion of the claw is

much shorter than the outer on all feet, and the claws might

perhaps better be described as having a basal dilatation with

the free angle sharply acuminate. Length, 7 to 9.5 mm.

Described from three males and one female, taken by the

writer at Skagway, Alaska, June 18-20, 1924.

This species will not enter any of LeConte’s groups as defined

though coming nearest to Group C. There are other species

in my collection with ungual characters similar to the present

one and I hope shortly to publish already prepared descriptions

of these and other new species of the genus.

*Podabrus fissilis Fall, n. sp.

Black, feebly shining; muzzle and two or three basal joints

of antennae beneath rufotestaceous. Antennae slender; second

joint but little more than half the third in the male, a little

shorter than the third in the female. Head conspicuously wider

than the thorax ( 6 ), or subequal in width to it ( 9 ) ; sur-

face alutaceous and opaque, front sparsely punctate. Prothorax

small, nearly as long as wide in the male, front angles obliquely

subtruncate, sides a little convergent thence to the somewhat

prominent hind angles. There is a small rufescent marginal

spot just behind the front angles in the male which is entirely

lacking in the female. Prothorax finely punctate and alutaceous,

sculpture as usual. Elytra very finely scabrous ; tarsal claws

all finely cleft in the male, the inner part shorter on the pos-

terior four feet ; all claws toothed at base in the female. Length,

6 to 7 mm.

Described from a single pair (type male) collected at

Emerald Lake, British Columbia, by Dr. A. Fenyes. This is

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

the first nearly entirely black species to be described having

tarsal claws all finely cleft in the male.

Since writing the above description I have taken a single

male of this species at Skagway, Alaska.

Podabrus piniphilus Esch. Skagway; Seward. The Seward

example (male) may be different .

^Podabrus extremus Lee. Skagway.

^Podabrus Iccvicollis Kby. Anchorage.

FAMILY CANTHARID^ (tELEPHORID^)

Cantharis (Tclephorus) mandibularis Kby. (= nigritulus

Lee. ) . Eagle ; Skagway ; McKinley Park ; Dawson ; White

Horse. This is a common species in Alaska and ranges

across the northern part of the continent to New Hamp-

shire. Mandibularis has long been erroneously placed as a

synonym of fraxini in our literature, but the above syn-

onymy is definitely established by comparison with one of

Kirby’s cotypes.

^Silis difficilis Lee. Skagway.

FAMILY MELYRID^

Dasytes hudsonicus Lee. Skagway ; White Horse ; Dawson ;

Eagle; Fort Yukon; commonly beaten from spruce.

FAMILY CLERID^

Thanasimus undulatus Say. Dawson.

Trichodes ornatus Say. Dawson.

FAMILY CORYNETID^

^Necrobia violacea L. Dawson; Fort Yukon (Kusche).

FAMILY MORDELLID^

^Anaspis atra Lee. ? Dawson ; Eagle.

Anaspis sericea Mann. Skagway ; Sitka ; Seward.

FAMILY PYTHID^

Priognatha monilicornis Rand. Skagway.

FAMILY ANTHICID.^

Anthicus mclancholicus Laf. Dawson.

FAMILY ELATERIDAj:

Athous ferruginosus Esch. Skagway; Sitka; Ketchikan. As

Dr. Van Dyke has pointed out in his recently published

Katmai List, this is but a slight variety of rufiventris Esch.,

which is the older name.

{To be continued)

JANUARY, 1926]

MASON NEW THRIPS

155

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THRIPS FROM

CALIFORNIA

BY ARTHUR C. MASON

Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department

of Agriculture ^

Hoplandrothrips sycamorensis Mason, new species

Female. Length, 2.11 mm. Color uniformly dark brown,

with a very little scattered red hypodermal pigmentation ; tarsi,

fore tibiae, and bases of antennal segments III to VI light

brown.

Head nearly 1.5 times as long as broad, widest immediately be-

hind the eyes and converging slightly posteriorly; frons overhang-

ing about half of the first antennal segment. Cheeks nearly straight

and somewhat roughened with small warts, and having several very

short blunt spines. Postocular bristles short, dilated, and truncate

at tip. Ocelli small, circular and equidistant, placed between the

eyes; anterior one near the end of the vertex and the posterior pair

about opposite the center of the eyes. Eyes small, occupying little

more than one-fourth of the length of the head. Mouth-cone long,

almost reaching the mesothorax and running to a sharp point. An-

tenna eight-segmented and one and one-fourth times the length of

the head. First two segments concolorous with the head. III light

yellow with a little brown shading near the tip, IV to VI yellow at

base, shading into brown, VII and VIII light brown, VII having

a very little yellow at base. Segment I a short truncated cone,

II cup-shaped with a rather pronounced pedicle, III wedge-shaped

with rounded apex, IV and V ovate with narrowed pedicle, IV being

considerably wider than V, VI fusiform, VII truncate ovate, VIII

conical with a blunt tip.

Prothorax little more than half as long as the head and about

twice as wide as long, sides diverging rapidly posteriorly; one rather

prominent but short spine on the anterior margin and a row of five

spines on the posterior margin, the first of them being especially

heavy. All spines dilated and truncate at tip.

Pterothorax slightly wider than the prothorax and narrowed some-

what posteriorly. Wings rather short and colorless, except for a

little yellow shading at the extreme base; three blunt spines at base

of fore wings, five to nine (usually eight) interlocated hairs on pos-

terior margin. Legs rather long, the fore femora being heavy and

thickened; fore tibiae and extreme tips of others light yellow. Fore

tarsi armed with a short, stout tooth near base.

Abdomen large, tapering gradually after the fourth segment and

rounded abruptly from the seventh; provided with numerous blunt

1 Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

colorless bristles, the posterior ones and those at the end of the tube

being nearly as long as the tube. Tube half as long as the head and

tapering gradually.

Measurements: Head, length 0.32 mm., width 0.23 mm.; prothorax,

length 0.18 mm., width 0.37 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.38 mm.; abdo-

men, greatest width 0.408 mm.; tube, length 0.15 mm., width at base

0.073 mm., width at apex 0.043 mm.; antenna, total length 0.41 mm.

Segment 12345678

Length 34 54 67 72 59 49 46 28 microns

Width 43 35 38 39 32 29 25 16 microns

Male slightly smaller and with more red pigmentation; otherwise

similar in appearance. Length, 2.03 mm. As with the females, the

fore tarsi are provided with a stout tooth and in addition they have

a smaller tooth on the inside of the fore tibiae near the base and

also a very small one opposite this on the femur.

The larvae are light yellow to colorless, and live under the

bark of the host. Winter is passed in the egg stage, under the

bark.

Described from five females and one male taken under bark

or on the leaves of sycamore trees at Springville, California.

Type in author’s collection.

This species is close to H . xanthopus Hood, but differs in

many characters, including larger size, darker color, absence

of most of the red pigmentation, shorter postocular and pro-

thoracic bristles, etc.

Zygothrips californicus Mason, new species

Length, 1.35 mm. Color brown to dark brown or fuscous;

legs concolorous with the body; antennal segment III yellow,

IV to VIII light brown.

Head slightly longer than broad, rounded in front and slightly

diverging posteriorly, reaching the widest part about three-fourths

of the way back, then narrowing slightly to the posterior end.

Cheeks smooth. Postocular bristles very small and blunt. Eyes

rather small, occupying about one-fourth of the length of the head

and one-third of its width. Ocelli rather large, the posterior pair

being opposite the anterior third of the eyes and the anterior one

being directed forward. Mouth-cone contracted, reaching about two-

thirds across the pronotum, bluntty rounded. Antenna eight-seg-

mented, one and one-half times the length of the head; bristles short

but sense-cones rather conspicuous. First two segments concolorous

with the head; III light yellow; IV to VI brownish-yellow to light

brown; VII and VIII light brown. Segment I a short truncated

cone; II ovate; III clavate with a broad base; IV ovate, tapering

abruptly to a narrow base; V barrel-shaped; VI cylindrical, with nar-

JANUARY, 1926]

MASON NEW THRIPS

157

rowed base; VII oblong and slightly tapered at tip; VIII conical,

tapering gradually to a rather sharp point.

Prothorax about three-fourths as long as the head and nearly

twice as wide as long, the sides gently diverging and broadly rounded

at the posterior end; prothoracic bristles short and blunt.

Pterothorax slightly wider than the prothorax, sides nearly straight

and converging slightly posteriorly. Wings large and clear, with

long membrane extending to or slightly beyond the end of the tube.

Fore pair somewhat constricted in the middle and with nine to eleven

interlocated hairs on the posterior border. Legs long, femora en-

larged, the fore femora especially being much thickened; fore tarsi

unarmed.

Abdomen rather heavy, width about four-ninths of the length, and

tapering rather abruptly from the fifth segment to the tube. Tube

less than half the length of the head; terminal bristles little more

than half the length of the tube.

Measurements: Head, length 0.229 mm., width 0.209 mm.; pro-

thorax, length 0.152 mm., width 0.276 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.304

mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.342 mm.; tube, length 0.098 mm.,

width at base 0.057 mm., width at apex 0.033 mm.; antenna, total

length 0.328 mm.

Segment 12345678

Length 25 41 49 56 49 41 41 21 microns

Width 32 29 29 37 29 25 18 10 microns

Described from a single female taken on an orange tree at

Orange Cove, California. Type in author’s collection.

Close to Z. harfi Hood, but differing in the following charac-

ters : Larger size, antennal segments IV to VIII lighter colored,

prothoracic bristles blunt, clear fore wings and with 9 to 11

interlocated hairs, contracted mouth cone, and tube less than

half the length of the head.

NOTES ON PARASITES AT SATICOY, CALIFORNIA,

DURING THE YEAR 1925

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Satie oy, California

On February 28 a braconid of the genus M onogonogastra

was reared from a walnut twig which contained the dead larvae

of Polycaon confertus Lee. During April numbers of these

dusky-winged, red-bodied braconids were observed about the

walnut leaves. One individual was seen December 4.

Through June and July a number of the metallic-blue ichneu-

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 3

mon-flies Amhlyteles cceruleus (Cr.), and the yellow and black

A. zehratus (Cr.) were reared from the pupse of Sahulodes

forficaria Guen.

Hovering- about the blossoms of a large eucalyptus tree on

April 2 were many of the syrphid parasites, Homotropus deco-

rat us (Cr.).

During October a black chalcid, Zatropis tortricidis Craw-

ford, was reared from the linia-bean pod-borer, Etiella zincke-

nella Treit. It pupates free in the pod, and is in the pupal stage

seventeen days.

On June 11 the gray, oval larvae of a species of Euplectrus

were observed in a cluster on the dorsum of a caterpillar of

Sahulodes forficaria. Later, several of these parasitized cater-

pillars were found.

From the pupae of the lichen caterpillar, Illice nexa Boisd,,

a number of specimens of the tachinid, Pseudochceta argenti-

frons Coq., were reared in May.

On June 20 three females of Epiurus sp. (possibly Pimpla

albipes Cr. described from Mexico) were reared from Ar chips

argyrospila Walk. Their silken cocoons were spun on walnut

about the remains of the caterpillar.

Six small chalcids of the genus Elachertus were reared in

June from a caterpillar of Ar chips argyrospila.

On April 29 a walnut aphis, Chromaphis juglandicola Kalt.,

was found parasitized by Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan. It is

only occasionally that such a parasitized aphis is found.

While collecting codling moth larvae from burlap bands on

walnut trees during March, a light brovm ichneumon-fly, Exe-

tastes n. sp., was taken from a codling moth cocoon.

Between May 1 and July 21 twenty-four tachinids of the

genus Lixophaga were reared from three hundred overwinter-

ing codling moth larvae. The maggot pupates within twelve

hours after leaving the caterpillar. The length of the pupal

stage was nineteen and twenty days.

The identification of the parasites noted were kindly made

by the specialists, R. A. Cushman, A. B. Gahan, S. A. Rohwer,

J. M. Aldrich, and P. H. Timberlake.

JANUARY, 1926] KESSEL LASIOPHTICUS PYRASTRI

159

SEX-LIMITED POLYCHROMATISM IN

LASIOPHTICUS PYRASTRI (LINN.)

BY E. L. KESSEL

Early last June I collected a large population of the common

syrphid fly Lasiophticus pyrastri (Linn.) on the University

Farm at Davis, California. This series, which was taken by

sweeping so as to be representative of the fauna, numbered 277

individuals. When a classification was made, there were found

to be 235 specimens of the normal bicolored phase, of which

number 98 were females and 137 were males. This is a de-

cidedly unbalanced sex ratio. The remaining 42 members of

the population were of the melanic variety, described by Curtis

as unicolor. It was observed that all of these melanic flies were

females, and it is interesting to note that when their number

is added to the 98 females of the bicolored type there appears

the well-balanced sex ratio for the whole population of 140

females and 137 males.

The above data lead to the conclusion that the melanic form

unicolor appears only in the female sex. Moreover, Curtis, in

his description of this variety, gives the impression that he

had but one specimen, and his colored illustration is definitely

that of a female. Still more evidence was obtained from an

examination of the material in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences. This series contains thirteen specimens

of unicolor collected in various parts of California, and all

of these are females. The evidence, therefore, appears to be

conclusive.

An intermediate form, although comparatively rare, also

occurs. I took three specimens of this variety in Davis last

June, but these were obtained by selective collecting. They

are characterized by having the yellow markings persisting on

the second abdominal segment, although they are much reduced

in size. The California Academy of Sciences has one such indi-

vidual collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke on Mount Ranier,

Washington, in 1920. Two other specimens are cited by Cole

and Lovett in their “Diptera of Oregon.” All six of these in-

termediates are also females. We may, therefore, assume that

this variety, as well as the completely melanic one, is sex-

limited to the female. The species, therefore, appears to be

an example of sex-limited polychromatism, in which there is

only one type of male but three types of females.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

Through an oversight the legend was omitted from the plate

of Hypolimnas holina L. in the October number of this journal.

A gummed slip to be attached to this plate is enclosed.

On March 23 the Pacific Coast Entomological Society gave

a complimentary dinner to Dr. and Mrs. William Barnes of

Decatur, Illinois, and Dr. and Mrs. R. J. Tillyard of Nelson,

New Zealand. Dr. Barnes gave the society an interesting

account of his work on the North American Lepidoptera and

Dr. Tillyard on his work at the Cawthorn Institute of Scien-

tific Research at Nelson. Dr. Barnes spent several days at the

Academy of Sciences, and his suggestions added much of value

to the Academy collection of Lepidoptera.

The recent death of Mr. Richard H. Stretch at his Seattle

home has removed one of the few remaining landmarks of early

western entomology. About fifty years ago he amassed a very

complete collection of the Bombycine moths of the world. This

he presented to the University of California. So much of this

collection as has escaped the ravages of pests has recently come

into the care of the California Academy of Sciences as a per-

manent loan, where it will be accessible to those interested in

the published work of Mr. Stretch.

Mr. E. Piazza, well known to our Lepidopterists as a suc-

cessful collector of moths, died in New York, March 9, 1926.

while on his way to England to visit his sister. Although an

invalid for years he has been able to do much valuable work

in the collection of moths for Scientific Institutions.

Through the generosity of friends we are able to give our

subscribers sixteen extra pages in this number of the Pan-

Pacific Entomologist. This enables us to include two larger

papers that otherwise it would have been impossible to publish

in full. The April number should follow this with little delay.

The October number was mailed January 16, 1926.

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell writes us that it will be impossible for

him to determine Coleoptera for his correspondents after Sep-

tember 1, 1926, and asks that we call the attention of coleop-

terists to this notice.

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Vol. II

April, 1926

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

FREEBORN, A NEW CHAOBORID GNAT 161

VAN DUZEE, A NEW SPECIES OF SCENOPINID^ 164 -

MACDOUGALL, SOME NEW SPECIES OF MACROSIPHUM FROM BRITISH

COLUMBIA 165

DAVIS AND SMITH, NOTES ON TPIE GENUS STENOPELMATUS 174

FOX, SOME NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONAPTERA 182

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, ON THE PLACEMENT OF “PSEUDANARTA” FLAVI-

DENS GRT 187

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF OMPHALOCERA OCCI-

DENTALIS B. AND B 188

TANNER, A NEW SPECIES OF PLASTOCERID^ IN EUTHYSANIUS .... 188

FALL, A LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ALASKA IN 1924 .... 191

BEAMER, NOTES ON GRIBURIUS MONTEZUMA SUF 209

ESSIG, A BUTTERFLY MIGRATION 211

FOX, A NEW NOMADA 212

DOANE, CONTROLLING MEALYBUGS ON ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 213

EDITORIAL 216

San Francisco, California

1926

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

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be sent to the treasurer, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

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Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. A. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

W. W. Henderson, Logan, Utah

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E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke^ Associate Editor

F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

J-Class matter, February postoffice at

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME TWO

July, 1925, to April, 1926

San Francisco, California

1926

,•

CONTENTS

Barnes, William, and Benjamin, F. H.

New and Rare Lepidoptera from the Southwest... 12

Notes on Arizona Phalasnidse 16

Notes on Lophoceramica artega Barnes 63

A New Pyralid from California with Notes on Deca-

turia pectinalis 64

The Hyperboreus Group of Hepialus 81

Notes and New Species 106

Two New Western Phlaenidae Ill

On the Placement of Pseudanarta flavidens Grote 187

On the Distribution of Omphalocera occidentalis

B. and B 188

Beamer, R. H.

Notes on Griburius montezuma 209

Blaisdell, F. E.

Revised Check-List of the Species of Eleodes Inhabit-

ing America, North of Mexico, Including Lower

California and the Adjacent Islands 77

Thomas Lincoln Casey 90

Chamberlin, J. C.

A New Species of Lepidosaphes from China 85

Chamberlin, R. V.

Notes on Some Centipeds and Millipeds from Utah 55

Chamberlin, W. J.

The Coniferous Trees of the United States with the

Scolytid Beetles Said to Attack Them 23

Davis, A. C., and Smith, L. M.

Notes on the Genus Stenopelmatus with Description

of a New Species 174

Doane, R. W.

Controlling Mealybugs on Ornamental Plants 161

Essig, E. O.

A Butterfly Migration 211

Fall, H. C.

A List of the Coleoptera Taken in Alaska and Adja-

cent Parts of Yukon Territory in the Summer of

1924 ...127, 191

Flanders, S. E.

Notes on Parasites at Saticoy, California, during the

Year 1925 157

Fox, Carroll.

Some New Siphonaptera from California. 182

Fox, C. L.

A New Nomada - 212

Freeborn, S. B.

A New Chaoborid Gnat, Chaborus lacustris 161

Hamlin, J. C.

Important Opuntia Insects of the United States 1, 97

Herms, W. B,

Entomological Observations on Fanning and Washing-

ton Islands, Together with General Biological Notes 49

Hubbell, F. H.

A New Species of Pristoceutophilus from the Olympic

Mountains, Washington 39

Kessell, E. L.

Sex-Limited Polychromatisni in Lasiophticus pyras-

tri L - 159

Larson, A. O.

Further Notes on Human Suffering Caused by Mites.. 93

Macdougall, Alice P.

Some New Species of Macrosiphum from British

Columbia 165

Mason, A, C.

Two New Species of Thrips from California.... 155

Osborn, Herbert.

A New x^cinopterus from Southern California ... 22

Rockwood, L. P.

On Night Flying and Attraction to Light in Acrididae

and the Relation of Meteorological Conditions

Thereto 36

Shannon, R. C.

North American Sphecomyia 43

Tanner, V. M.

A New Species of Plastoceridas in the Genus Euthy-

sanius 188

Van Duzee, E. P.

A New Mirid from California 35

Van Duzee, M. C.

A New Species of Scenopinidae from California 164

Van Dyke, E. C.

New Species of Carabidae in the Subfamily Harpalinse,

Chiefly from Western North America ...65, 113

Wachter, Sibyl.

The Hatching of the Eggs of Peripsocus californicus

Banks

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. II, No. 4 April, 1926

A NEW CHAOBORID GNAT, CHAOBORUS LACUS-

TRIS SP. NOV. (CHAOBORIDT:; DIPTERA)

BY STANLEY B. FREEBORN

University of California, Berkeley, California

For several years complaints have been received at the

University from the vicinity of Clear Lake, Lake County,

California, concerning the pest of gnats which inundates the

country near the lake throughout the summer months. These

insects are non-biting but are so numerous that they make life

almost unbearable by flying into the eyes and mouth, con-

taminating food and filling store windows inches deep with

their dead bodies if white lights are exposed in the evening.

Nearly all the householders and campers in the vicinity of the

lake have been forced to use red shaded lights for illumination

to prevent being swamped with these insects.

An examination in 1925 proved them to be chaoborids of the

subgenus Sayomyia and they were provisionally determined as

Chaohorus (Sayomyia) astictopus Dyar and Shannon. A care-

ful study of new material proves them to be a distinct species,

the description of which follows :

Chaoborus (Sayomyia) lacustris Freeborn, sp. nov.

Male. Head: Pale brown with vestitiire of straw-colored hairs.

Tori large, occupying nearly whole width of face, pale brown, api-

cally excavated and bearing plumose antennae; antennae translucent

except at whorls, hairs of which are golden yellow. Clypeus flat-

tened, prominent, densely covered with golden hairs, pale brown and

darker at margins. Proboscis and palpi transparent with brown

markings. Eyes dark red.

Thorax: Prothoracic lobes large but not contiguous, anterior half

rich brown, posterior white. Posterior pronotum white with brown

stripe along dorsal margin and slight infuscation on posterior margin.

Mesonotum white shading to cream with rich brown markings bor-

dered by lines of darker brown arranged as follows: two median

stripes tapering posteriorly starting at anterior border and ending at

antescutellar space, two subdorsal stripes tapering posteriorb^ start-

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

ing on either side of median stripes at point midway of disc and

ending at scutellum; faint triangular spot with base at scutellum and

apex pointing between two median stripes; pale circular spot indefi-

nitely defined between anterior end of each subdorsal stripe and

anterior margin. Scutellum white at center with brown markings at

each side, vestiture of golden hairs. Postscutellum dark brown with

a median, V-shaped, white cleft at the anterior margin. Pleurae pale

cream with numerous brown markings, most conspicuous of which

is that covering lower three-fourths of the sternopleurite. Prothoracic

sclerites densely haired, others smooth, bare except four upper mese-

pimerals. Halteres entirely white. Legs densely hairy, creamy white

with brown markings; forelegs more heavily pigmented than others;

femora with subapical brown bands and brown spots at hair inser-

tions, tibiae with subbasal and subapical brown bands and brown

spots at hair insertions, basitarsus as long as next two segments,

each segment with apical brown ring growing fainter on the distal

segments. Claws simple. Wing veins clothed with narrow, hair-like

scales, anterior margin clothed with narrow, appressed scales, pos-

terior margin with two lengths of lanceolate scales, one short and

other longer than greatest distance between anal vein and hind

margin. Slight brownish stains on wing membrane at base of R2,

at fork of R2-1-3, at r-m and m-cu. Marginal distance between termi-

nations of R1 and Sc almost twice that between R1 and R2, Fork

of R2 and R3 distinctly distad of fork of MH-2 and M3+4. R2

slightly down-curved at margin. Crossveins r-m and m-cu forming

continuous line. Cu2 becomes evanescent at margin, but appears to

incline forward and run parallel with the margin. Tillyard’s “Cu2”

is fully as prominent as the so-called Cu2 paralleling Cu2 to point

near margin, anal vein prominent, down-curved near margin and

paralleled by prominent fold, another anal parallels hind margin.

Abdomen: First segment translucent white, wider than long;

second to seventh longer than wide, translucent white, lateral mar-

gins of tergite and sternite dark brown, the coloring becoming

progressively narrower as the mid-dorsum and mid-sternum is

approached, giving appearance of lateral triangles; seventh largely

brown; eighth funnel-shaped, one-fourth length of seventh and

rotated 180 degrees.

Terminalia: Gonostyles (side pieces) slender at base expanding to

tip, stained with brown on outer half; a subapical, rounded lobe

bears three and sometimes four stout spines, the inner face from base

to lobe heavily studded with bent hairs not markedly different in

size from spines of lobe; dististyles (claspers) bent, pale at base,

brown at tip, which is very slightly expanded, no appendage (claw).

Paraprocts (tenth sternites) curving around base of gonostyles with

onl}'^ terminal points parallel to the latter, pale at base, deeply pig-

mented at tip which is cleft in two parts so that they resemble

inverted high-heeled cow-puncher’s boots. In balsam mounts two

APRIL, 1926]

FREEBORN CHAOBORUS

163

paraprocts are straightened and take V-shaped position with ter-

minal ends pointing laterally and caudally. Length of male 5 mm.

Female. Similar in coloration to male except that pigmentation

is more pronounced and deeper brown; triangle in antescutellar space

not always distinct; first abdominal tergite with dark pigmentation,

dark markings of venter limited to scattered spots; tarsal rings more

distinct than in male^ last segment all brown; stained areas on wings

more pronounced and numerous, all forks and most marginal termi-

nations of veins with stained area. Palpi with basal segments swollen,

the terminal one as long as combined length of two segments pre-

ceding, slender, annulated. Abdominal segments wider than long.

Claws simple. Length, 4 mm.

Type, male, California Academy of Sciences, No. 1873, Lake-

port, Lake County, California, July 19, 1925.

This species falls near C. punctipennis Say and C. astictopus

D. and S. It differs from both in having very pronounced

markings on the mesonotum and in the form of the paraprocts.

The abdominal markings in the female agree closely with those

of astictopus and the chaetotaxy of the gonostyle is very similar

to that of punctipennis.

LABOPS BURMEISTERI STAL

In the March, 1926, number of the Canadian Entomologist

Dr. Knight requests information regarding the occurrence of

Lahops burmeisteri in New York State. With the consent of

Mr. Evans I retained the specimen of this species which I

determined in 1909 and a reexamination of this specimen shows

it to be the true burmeisteri as determined by Dr. Knight. At

the time I made this determination I had a second specimen

from the Adirondack Mountains of New York, which passed

through my hands for study, so the New York determination

can be depended upon. I have not time now to look up the

Alaskan record and it is possible that may refer to the form

later described as tumidifrons Kngt.

In my material of hirtus Kngt. one specimen from New

Mexico has the tibiae altogether black with the long tibial hairs

and male claspers of hirtus, so the color of the tibiae cannot be

relied upon in separating these forms. Labops hesperius Uhl.

as restricted by Knight is still unknown to me. — E. P. Van

Duzee.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF SCENOPINID.E FROM

CALIFORNIA (DIPTERA)

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, Nezu York

Pseudatrachia albocincta Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 6 mm.; of wing, 4 mm. Head, thorax, scutellum

and abdomen black, somewhat granulate^ nearly bare; apical seg-

ment of abdomen, hypopygial appendages and a space above fore

coxse with a few pale hairs; palpi 3 ''ellowish white; vertex and upper

orbits shining black; antennas brown, tip of second joint more yel-

low; a small spot back of humeri and another back of wing yellow,

these spots connected by a narrow white line, abdomen with bronze

reflections above; second, third and fourth segments each with a

conspicuous white elongate spot on the hind margin at the sides,

these spots connected by a narrow white line on the venter and

nearly so on the dorsum.

Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow; middle and hind femora

with a brown stripe below, the latter brown at tip above; tips of

tibiae a little darkened; tarsi slightly brownish; hairs on legs minute,

white; knobs of halteres white, petiole brown. Wings hyaline, veins

yellowish. Described from one male.

Type, male, No. 1874, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P.

Van Duzee, May 23, 1920, at Bradley, Monterey County,

California.

Table of North American Species

1. Head 3 '^ellow - 2

- Head black 3

2. Mouth parts and scutellum yellow (New Mexico)

griseola Coquillett

- Mouth parts and scutellum black (Arizona) ftaAceps Coquillett

3. Legs yellow..-- - 4

- Legs black or brown 5

4. Second and third abdominal segments white on posterior margin

both above and below (California) albocincta new species

- Abdomen without white margins to the segments (New Mexico;

California) unicolor Coquillett

5. Dorsum of thorax and the femora with long mixed white and

black hair; hind margins of abdominal segments 2-5 white

(Arizona) pilosa Coquillett

- Hair on thorax and femora short; length, 8 mm.; abdomen

rather long and slender (Mexico) longtirio Loew

APRIL, 1926 ]

MACDOUGALL MACEOSIPHUM

165

SOME NEW SPECIES OF MACROSIPHUM FROM

BRITISH COLUMBIA (HOMOPTERA, APHIDID^)

BY ALICE P. MACDOUGALL

University of Toronto

The following species of Macrosiphum are described from

collections made in British Columbia during the summers of

1923-25 inclusive. All measurements are in millimeters and

whenever possible are an average of a number of specimens.

Length of body is measured from the vertex to the tip of cauda.

The width given is that of the widest part of the abdomen.

Owing to the large area covered and the great distance between

various collecting points, it was impossible to take a complete

series in every case. However, these descriptions will, it is

hoped, serve as a basis for further study of some interesting

species from a comparatively new territory and aid in their

identification by workers in these districts.

1. Macrosiphum audeni Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. I

This species occurs in dense colonies on the upper sides of

the leaves of N ymphaea polysepalum, clustering toward the

petiole. The specimens from which the descriptions were made

were collected by Mr. K. F. Auden in the summer of 1924 at

Merritt, British Columbia, after whom the species is named. It

was taken also by Mr. G. Spencer near Victoria, British

Columbia, in 1925, and by the author the same summer at

Lakelse Lake in the northern part of the province. It is thought

to be comparatively rare as many plants have been worked over

in these and other localities which were all quite uninfested. Its

distribution, however, as indicated by the above localities in

which it was taken, is fairly general for the province.

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Color pale green^ head and upper portion of

abdomen slightly darker; antennas light except segment VI and apex

of V, which are dusky; coxae and femora pale; tarsi and tip of tibia

dusky; cauda pale; cornicles pale, except tips which are dusky; eyes

dark red; body long and fairly slender; cornicles not reaching to tips

of cauda, reticulated at tip where dusk}% distinctly wider at base;

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

cauda long, irregularly ensiform; 2-4 sensoria on ant. seg. III. Beak

fairly short, not reaching below second pair of coxae. Antennae much

longer than body.

Measurements: Body — length 3.5, width 1.4; ant. segs. — III .8,

IV .7, V .5, VI .19+1.2; corn. — .9; cauda — .4; hind tarsi — .19.

Alaie viviparous female

General appearance: Color as above: antennae dusky except first

two segments and extreme base of third; eyes dark red; legs pale

except distal tips of tibia and femora and all of tarsi, which are

dusky; basal half of cornicles pale, rest dusky; cauda clear. Body

long and fairly slender, except when distended with embryos; where

dusky cornicles are distinctly reticulated, long^ slender; cauda ensi-

form, fairly hairy; basal two-thirds of ant. seg. Ill with row of

12-18 sensoria. Antennse slightly longer than body.

Measurements: Body — length 3.5, width 1.6; ant. segs. — III .75,

IV .72, V .65, VI .2-1.2; corn. — .8; caud — .3; hind tarsi — .17; fore

wing — length 4.2, width 1.45; hind wing — length 2.02, width .69.

All collections were made as recounted above on the follow-

ing dates : Merritt, July 25 ; Victoria, British Columbia, August

8; Lakelse Lake, July 28.

Type slides are deposited in the National Collection, Ottawa.

Paratypes in the United States National Collection, Wash-

ington, and in the author’s collectian.

This species is closely related to Macrosiphum aquilegia

Theo.

2. Macrosiphum bisensoriatum Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. II

Found in abundance on the under side of leaves of Ribes

lacustre during the summer months. No alternate host is

known ; migrants appear at frequent intervals during the sum-

mer. This species can readily be distinguished from Myzus ribis

Linn, by the larger size and the fact that when disturbed they

are inclined to fall from the leaf.

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Color dark green, head slightly lighter than

the rest of the body; antennse pale except I and II, which are con-

colorous with body, distal quarter of V, and all of VI, which are

dusky; flange of cornicle dusky ^ rest clear; cauda abruptly ensiform,

clear; beak reaching almost to third pair of coxse; last segment of

APRIL, 1926]

MACDOUGALL MACROSIPHUM

167

leg shading to brown; tips of tibia and all of tarsi dark brown, rest

pale; head, cauda, ant. seg. Ill, and tibia prominently hairy. Two

small sensoria on proximal half of ant. seg. III. Tip of cornicle dis-

tinctly reticulated, rest imbricated. Body slender, graceful; antennae

much longer than bodjG cornicles reaching to tip of cauda.

Measurements: Body — length 3.38, width 1.7; ant. segs. — III 9.5,

IV .8, V .65, VI 16+1.15; cornicles — 1.1; cauda — .42; hind tarsi — 1.5.

Alate viviparous female

General appearance: Thorax very dark, rest as above; insect notice-

ably smaller than above. Coloring of antennal segments as follows:

I and II, concolorous with body, rest of antennae dusky; on dusky

portion of seg. Ill is a row of 9 sensoria; near tip of V, one large

one is found, and the usual number occur at base of spur of VI.

Eyes red; beak quite long, clear, except last segment which is uni-

formly dusky; coxae and basal two-thirds of femora pale, shading to

the light brown of the rest of the femora; tibia light brown except

tip, which is dark; tarsi dark brown; cornicles pale at base, shading

to dusky flange, slightly constricted near tip; this part imbricated;

cauda clear; wing veins distinct, dark brown; stigma rather pale.

Antennae much longer than body.

Measurements: Body — length 2.8, width 1.3; antennal segments —

III .86, IV .7, V .6, VI .17-.9; cornicles— .8; cauda— .32; hind

tarsi — 1.5; fore wing — length 3.7, width 1.3; hind wing — length 2,

width .6.

This species differs from Macrosiphum lactucce Pass in hav-

ing fewer sensoria in both forms and minor differences in color

and size. It was collected at Boundary Bay, British Columbia,

at intervals, through July and August, 1924.

Type slides are in the National Museum, Ottawa. Paratypes

in the National Museum, Washington, and in the author’s

collection.

3. Macrosiphum fuscicornis Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. Ill

Found in colonies with Aphis oenother(B CEst. on stems and

leaf buds of Bpilohium angustifolium, the dark green color of

this form contrasting with the purple of the smaller one. It has

been taken in different parts of the province during the summer.

Alatse are comparatively rare, only having been found in June

and the latter part of August.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Dark olive-green body; anteiinze brown

throughout, darkening somewhat in VI, much longer than body;

eyes red; legs uniformly dark except base of femora, which is pale;

cornicles brown except at base, reaching beyond the tip of cauda,

broader at base and slightly constricted near tip; cauda long, irregu-

larly ensiform, light brown.

Measurements: Body — length 3.18, width 1.6; ant. segs. — III 1.03,

IV .94, V .83j VI .2-|-1.12; cornicles 1.4; cauda .5; hind tarsi .18.

Alate viviparous female

General appearance: Color approximately as above; thorax slightly

darker than other parts of the body; aiitennse and cornicles strik-

ingly long; eyes dark red; first two antennal segments dusky, III

dusky except extreme base which is pale, IV getting paler, V and VI

quite light. A more or less regular rov/ of sensoria along edge of

III. Coxae and basal half of femora pale, rest of legs dusky; cor-

nicles dusky, slightly paler immediately below flange; cauda pale;

wing veins normal, stigma pale brown.

Measurements: Body — length 2.6, width .89; ant. segs. — III .81,

IV .8, V .72, VI 15-.8; cornicles — .9; cauda — .32; hind tarsi — 1.7; fore

wing — length 3.7, width 1.38.

This species has been collected at Jerico Beach near Van-

couver, British Columbia, on August 24, 1924, and Merritt,

British Columbia, June 29, 1924. It was observed in other parts

of the province during the same summer. It is most closely

related to Macrosiphum fragariellum Theo., but the cornicles

are tapering and there is no indication of a swelling.

Type slides in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Para-

type slides in United States National Museum, Washington,

and in the author’s collection.

4. Macrosiphum nigromaculosum Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. IV

This very colorful Aphis is found, so far as the writer knows,

only in the semi-arid valleys of the lower Cascades. It is

clustered in masses along the stems of Rosa nutkana, seldom

spreading, to the buds or leaves. Although collected from June

to August, no adult or larval migrants were taken.

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Body bright red, fading to pink; cervicum

APRIL, 1926]

MACDOUGALL MACROSIPHUM

169

black, abdomen marked with three more or less regular black bands;

appendages black, body broadly ovate with cornicles projecting out-

ward at right angles giving the insect a most peculiar appearance.

Specimens in balsam appear as follows: head and abdomen dark with

lighter thorax^ antennal segments pale except ends of V and VI,

which are dusky. Eyes very dark red; base of femora pale, rest of

leg light brown, except tips of tibia and femora and all seven tarsi,

which are dark; cornicles uniformly black, very broad at base, taper-

ing gradually to the usual-sized flanged tip, reticulated throughout;

cauda irregularly ensiform, shading from pale at base to dusky at

tip; beak light brown except tip which is very dark, reaching to

second pair of coxae; antennae, tibia and cauda prominently hairy.

No sensoria on antennal segment III, but a very large one near tip

of V and the usual group at the base of spur of VI, scarcely as long

as the body. In cleared specimens the black pigment spots seem to

be scattered rather unevenly in those parts of the body which appear

banded.

Measurements: Body — length 3.7, width 1.9; ant. segs. — III .9,

IV .51, V .51, VI .15-. 74; cornicles — .7; cauda — .38; hind tarsi — .2.

Collections of this species were made in Bootahnie Valley,

June 28, 1924, and in Merritt on July 10 of the same year.

During these months and August, no alatse were observed in

either locality. Readily distinguished from other species occur-

ring on Rosa by color, shape and habits.

Type slides deposited in the Canadian National Collection,

Ottawa. Paratypes in United States National Museum, Wash-

ington, and in author’s collection,

5, Macrosiphum pyrifolias Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. V

This species is fairly common in the vicinity of Merritt,

British Columbia, on the leaves of Pyrus occidentalis during

the summer. Although the sexes have not been found it is

thought to spend the complete season on this host. Migrants

occur regularly, a few of them being always present in a colony.

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Dusky brown in color^ head slightly darker

than the rest of the body; antennal segments V, VI and tips of III,

IV, dark brown, I and II concolorous with body; rest clear; eyes

red; legs pale except tarsi and tips of tibise, which are dusky; corni-

cles long, reaching just below tip of cauda, and pale, except distal

third, which is dusky; cauda clear; body long, of average width;

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

embryos show distinctly; dusky portion of cornicles distinctly reticu-

lated. Row of 14-17 sensoria on basal three-quarters of antennal seg-

ment III. Cauda typically ensiform. Beak reaching to third pair of

coxae; last segment dusky.

Measurements: Body — length 3.4, width 1.4; ant. segs. — III .9, IV

.75, V .7, VI .2-. 9; cornicles 1.1; cauda — 14; hind tarsi — 1.6.

Alate viviparous female

General appearance: Much darker than the apterous form; body

narrower and antennae longer; body dark green-brown; cauda, basal

half of femora, proximal part of antennal joint III, all pale; corni-

cles dusky, uniformly colored; wider than in apterae; only the tip

distinctly reticulated, barely reaching to tip of cauda; legs and an-

tennae covered with fairly long, capitate hairs. Antennal joint III

with 18-24 irregularly placed sensoria, more or less clustered in

center.

Measurements: Body — length 3.1, width 1.01; ant. segs. — III 1.1,

IV 8.5, V 7.4, VI .19-1.2; cornicles — 1.1; cauda — .43; hind tarsi — .19;

fore wing — length 4.55, width 1.6; hind wing — length 2.8, width .86.

Collected May 27, 1924, in Merritt, British Columbia, by Mr.

K. F. Auden, and in Tulameen on June 15 of the same year by

the author. It was observed at other times in this locality.

Nearest to Macrosiphum ulmarice Schrank, although it re-

sembles this species only remotely.

Type slides in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Para-

types in the United States National Museum, Washington.

6. Macrosiphum subviride Macdougall, n. sp.

Fig. VI

This species is found on the stems and leaves of Aster alpinus

which grows on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains

and in the Rockies. As it does not colonize, it is very difficult

to detect on the pubescent surface of the host. Alatae are found

continuously throughout the summer months. Early in August,

however, the insects entirely disappear; the winter host is un-

known. Transfer experiments were made with Aster occi-

dentalis, but were found to be completely unsuccessful.

Apterous viviparous female

General appearance: Color delicate green, approximating that of

the hairs of the host; antennal segments I and II pale. III and IV

pale with dusky tips, V shading to dusky at tip, VI dusky; legs pale

except tip of tibia and all of tarsi, which are black; cornicle slightly

APRIL, 1926] MACDOUGALL MACROSIPHUM

171

constricted a short way from tip, this narrow part dusky and reticu-

lated; cauda clear, ensiform; eyes red. Antennal segment III with

an irregular row of 8-9 sensoria.

Measurements: Body — length 3.1, width 1.05; ant. segs. — III .89,

IV .68, V .59, VI .19-1.28; cornicles — .8; cauda — .38; hind tarsi — .12.

Alate viviparous female

General appearance: Same general color and shape as above; thor-

acic region slightly greener than the rest of the body; antennae very

dark except segments I, II, and base of III, which are pale and form

a striking contrast; coxae and proximal portion of femora pale, rest

light brown, except tarsi and distal sixth of tibia which are dark as

antennae. Wing veins regular, dark, radius slightly clouded, stigma

dusky. Proximal half of cornicle light, rest dark, reticulated, slightly

constricted near tip; cauda clear, broadly ensiform, hairs fairly

noticeable. 20-25 sensoria on ant. seg. III.

Measurements: Body — length 2.6, width .8; ant. segs. — III .91;

IV .88, V .8, VI .2-1.45; cornicles — .82; cauda — .31; hind tarsi — 1.1;

fore wing — length 4.65, width 1.7; hind wing — length 2.4, width .9.

First collected in Bootahnie Valley, June 27, 192'5, and then

at intervals until August 2 of the same year. This species differs

in minor points from M. circumflexa Buck, M. campanulce

Kalt. and M. solanifolice Ash.

Type slides in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Para-

types in United States National Museum, Washington, and in

the author’s collection.

Explanation of Figures

Fig. I. a, cornicle of apterras; b, segment III of antennae of apterae;

c, cornicle of alatae; d, antennal segment III of alatae; e, fore wing;

/, cauda of apterae; cauda of alatae.

Fig. II. a, cornicle of apterae; b, antennal segment III of apterae;

c, cornicle of alatae; d, antennal segment III of alatae; e, cauda of

apter^; /, cauda of alatae; g, fore wing.

Fig. III. a, cornicle of apterae; b, antennal segment III of apterae;

c, cornicle of alatae; d, antennal segment III of alatae; e, cauda of

apterae; /, cauda of alatae; g, fore wing.

Fig. IV. a, cornicle of apterae; b, cauda of apterae.

Fig. V. a, cornicle of apterae; b, antennal segment III of apterae;

c, cornicle of alatae; d, antennal segment III of alatae; e, cauda of

apterae; f, cauda of alatae; g, fore wing.

Fig. VI. a, cornicle of apterae; b, antennal segment III of apterae;

c, cornicle of alatae; d, antennal segment III of alatae; e, cauda of

apterae; /, cauda of alatae; g, fore wing.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

APRIL, 1926] MACDOUGALL MACROSIPHUM

173

Fig, TV

fis, V.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

NOTES ON THE GENUS STENOPELMATUS WITH

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

(ORTHOPTERA)

BY ALONZO C. DAVIS AND LESLIE M. SMITPI

In the course of some anatomical work which the writers

were doing' with two undoubtedly distinct species of Stenopel-

matus, it became necessary to know what species were being

dealt with. One of the species was of large size, with the head,

thorax, and legs usually light testaceous or somewhat fuscus.

This species was dominant along the Berkeley hills and rarely

extended its range into the low lying coastal shelf upon which

the cities of Oakland and Berkeley are situated. In the hills this

species was found only on grassy slopes, overhung by an out-

cropping of rock which had strewn the slope with weathered

fragments. Under these rocks this species constructs its

burrows.

The second species was much smaller, with the head, thorax

and legs usually rufo-testaceous. This species was dominant on

the low, flat belt bordering the San Francisco Bay in the neigh-

borhood of Oakland. It was seldom taken in the hills, where the

large species was fairly abundant. Throughout the residence

section of the city this small species is fairly common. It

burrows in the loose soil in backyard gardens and constructs

tunnels beneath boxes, boards, etc., which are closely pressed

to the ground. When living in the hills, it occurs in the same

type of habitat as does the larger species.

It was difficult to induce the large species to mate in the

laboratory, but when this was done, it was found that the

female pursues the male for several minutes prior to mating.

The eggs of this species measure 3.7 — 3.8 x 2.0 — 2.2 mm. These

insects can stridulate loudly enough to be heard at a distance of

six feet. Stridulation is accomplished by rubbing the inner face

of the hind femora against the opposing side of the abdomen.

The smaller species mated readily in the laboratory ; in this

case the male rapidly pursued the female while the latter in-

variably retreated. The eggs of this species measure 2.9 —

3.1 x 1.8 — 1.95 mm. Stridulating organs are present and the

femora are rubbed against the abdomien as in the large species.

APRIL, 1926] DAVIS AND SMITH STENOPELMATUS

175

but the human ear can but rarely detect the sound, even at close

range.

A rather thorough search of the literature on the genus failed

to net anything which would serve to identify these species.

Hebard's table (N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. XXIV, pp. 70-86)' is by

far the best, but was inadequate in definitely determining indi-

vidual specimens. The spines and spurs of the hind tibiae, upon

which previous taxonomic work was largely based, are so

variable in size and number as to be almost worthless. Speci-

mens of the large and small species were sent to Mr, Caudell,

who says : “I should say that from the variability of the char-

acters used they all might be either longispina or fiiscns. The

simplest way out would seem to be to call all specimens of this

genus Stenopelmatus fuscus as all our crickets are now Gryllus

assimilis/’

In the collection of the California Academy of Sciences there

are specimens of Y. fuscus, longispina and pictus, about four-

teen specimens in all, which were identified by Hebard, appar-

ently on the basis of tibial spines, the relative length of

metatarsus and inner apical spine of the hind tibia. This latter

character, as has been pointed out, is not dependable and varies

from one extreme (S. fuscus) to the other (S. longispina) in

the same locality in Berkeley. From the above it would seem

that there is as yet no definite character by which these two

species may be separated. It is our opinion, based upon exami-

nation of such material as is available, field study, and a study

of breeding habits, that vS. fuscus and S. longispina are not

distinct species, and that the latter name should be made a

synonym of vS'. fuscus. After studying the literature, we have

arrived at the conclusion that S. fuscus is the larger of the two

species at hand and that the smaller species is as yet un-

described, probably having been overlooked in the past as a

nymph.

The genus having comparatively recently lost its wings, the

thorax is in an inconstant or transitional state, and relative

dimensions are not to be relied upon to any great extent. The

form and shape of the head is also inconstant, since the genus

is subject to magacephaly and other abnormalities. The mouth-

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

parts, in the series examined, show no characters of value.

The rugosity and dentition of the mandibles is fairly constant,

except as use reduces the teeth. The ovipositor is of some value,

when used comparatively. The male genitalia consist of a

fleshy bursa copulatrix which seemingly presents no characters

of value, and in any case is too difiicult to preserve to be of

value in identifying cabinet material. The punctuation of the

head shows differences of some value. Color is apparently not

very reliable, varying from very light to dark in the same

locality. In preserved specimens, unless in alcohol, it has been

difficult to use measurements of the abdomen because of the

great shriveling of the parts in drying. By injection and hard-

ening these soft parts may be preserved in more or less their

natural condition, but the size and shape of the abdomen varies

much with the condition of the insect, whether or not full of

food, eggs, parasites, etc. In general, the females are large and

full-bodied. The males are usually somewhat smaller, with the

legs longer and the abdomen smaller in proportion and laterally

compressed.

The characters which we have found to be of most value in

distinguishing between S. fuscus Hald. and S. intermedius

n. sp. are the shape of the anterior plate of the prosternum, the

size and shape of the stridulating plates on the inner surface of

the hind femora, punctuation of the head, basal antennal joints,

and size. A number of attempts were made to interbreed 5.

fuscus with S. intermedius. S. intermedius males were placed

with S. fuscus females and S. fuscus males with S. intermedius

females, but in no case did mating occur. No difficulty was

experienced in breeding each species within itself.

Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald.

Punctures distinct along the frontal (epicranial) suture^ especially

above and below the oblique arms between the eyes. On either side

with two vertical lines of punctures, one just behind the eye and

inclining slightly medially above, the other about halfway between

the eye and the suture; these thin out above, but attain the vertex

and in most cases extend to the anterior margin of the pronotum;

angle at which the two oblique arms meet the frontal suture fairly

obtuse; oblique arms nearly straight, their apparent ending being

near the upper margin of the insertion of the basal antennal joint.

Oblique sutures themselves wide and depressed. At and above the

APRIL, 1926] DAVIS AND SMITH STENOPELMATUS

177

fronto-clypeal suture, with a triangular depressed rugose area, the

sculpture tending to run in oblique lines from the center outward

and downward. Punctuation in some immature specimens sparse,

rarely failing to attain the vertex; lines of punctuation behind the

eyes sometimes nearly lacking. Blades of the ovipositor, in compari-

son with S. intermedins, somewhat longer, less rounded and not so

heavy when viewed from the side, when viewed dorsally, meeting at

a more acute angle. The basal antennal joints, while somewhat vari-

able may prove to be of some value; in general, the third joint is

subequal to the second, both together being equal to the first, the

fourth being one-third as long as the third.

The shape of the prosternum^ while somewhat variable, seems to

be constant enough to be of some value, at least in separating the

forms from any one region. It is divided into a large basal plate,

with wing-like lateral areas separated by postero-lateral notches and

a shallow longitudinal groove, and a smaller anterior plate, separated

from the basal by a deep groove. Basal plate large, flat, truncate

posteriorly; lateral notches quite sharp; grooves between the middle

and lateral plates shallow and ill-defined; lateral plates rather sharp,

narrowing anteriorly; anterior plate smaller, posterior margin regu-

larly arcuate, postero-lateral angles evenly rounded, the whole lateral

and anterior margin forming an even curve. In some specimens the

anterior plate is semicircular, and in a few the anterior margin is

squarely truncate, but in the majority of cases this plate is not more

than twice as wide as long, and in many cases is noticeably less.

Stridulating organ * consisting of very small, raised, chitinous

plates on the inner surface of the hind femora, compactly grouped

on the basal portion of the femur near its upper or anterior margin;

these plates arranged in rows which may be either straight or slightly

wavy, the direction of the rows being at an angle of about 30 degrees

with a line connecting the coxa and base of tibia (vertex of the angle

toward the coxa); the width of the rows varies from 10 to 12 microns,

but this variation cannot be correlated with age. In young or recently

moulted specimens the plates rise to a blunt point on their free mar-

gins; in older specimens wear has reduced the free margin to a

smooth flat curve, or to a straight line. The plates are in contact

with one another laterally.

Maximum

Minimum

Mean

Length of hind tibiae, 2

17.0 mm.

12.0 mm.

15.0 mm.

Length of hind tibiae, 6

19.0

17.0

18.0

Length of notum, 2

9.0

8.0

8.3

Length of notum, 6

9.0

8.3

Total length, 2

48.0

42.0

45.5

Total length, 6

37.0

35.0

36.0

* Mr. C. D. Duncan (E!nt. News, vol. xxxiv, No. 3, p. 74) figured the

differences in stridulating plates as a sexual difference in S. longispina

Brunner. Since we find both of these types of plates in both males and

females this cannot be a sexual difference. We would place his female

(fig. B) in S. intermedins and his male (fig. A) in s. fuscus. Duncan’s figure B

resembles very closely the stridulating plates of specimens from Pasa-

dena, which superficially resemble 5. fuscus.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Stenopelmatus intermedius Davis and Smith, n. sp.

Punctuation of head sparse, the lines of punctures barely attain-

ing the vertex; a diffuse finer punctuation over the whole frons in

addition to the coarser punctuation of the sutures and punctate lines.

Angle of junction of the frontal suture somewhat more acute, the

oblique arms curved, their apparent ending being above the insertion

of the basal antennal joints, the sutures themselves very fine and

even. Rugose area above the fronto-clypeal suture somewhat larger

in proportion, the rugosity transverse rather than oblique. Third

basal antennal joint longer than second, both together being sub-

equal to the first, the fourth one-third as long as the third. Ovi-

positor of female shorter, stouter, more rounded, more abruptly

curved upward as seen from the side, the blades meeting at a more

obtuse angle (about 40-45 degrees) as viewed dorsally. Basal plate

of prosternum fairly large, the postero-lateral notches wider and

more rounded; posterior margin squarely truncate in the female,

evenly rounded in the male; lateral plates wider in proportion^ not

so much narrowed anteriorly, the posterior angles directed more

laterally; anterior plate narrow, at least two and one-half times as

wide as long, its posterior margin regularly arcuate, the anterior

usually squarely truncate, sometimes rounded. Stridulating organ

occupying the same location on the hind femur as in S. fuscus ; plates

arranged in rows but the rows not as distinct. It is not possible to

assign a definite line of direction to these rows since the plates are

more or less equally spaced, and seem aligned in several directions.

Width of the row (measured from the free margin of a plate to the

free margin of a plate in the adjacent row) varying from 14 to 20

microns; variation in width of a row not correlated with age; free

margins of the plates smooth curves, far more strongly arcuate,

without a blunt tooth arising at the crest of the curve; not reduced

to a straight line by wear, each plate standing apart from all its

neighbors, with no contact laterally; the distance between plates

varying from 2 to 4 microns. Fine secondary punctuation of the

frons almost lacking in some specimens; in most with a fine sculp-

ture, the result of scratching by earth particles while digging. Length

of the basal antennal joints varying, the third, in some cases, being

subequal to the second and the fourth from one-fourth to one-third

as long as the third. In some specimens (especially males) the pos-

terior margin of the basal plate of the prothorax is rounded, but in

most cases it is squarely truncate, and in some specimens it may be

slightly emarginate. The anterior margin of the anterior plate is

also subject to some variation, but in all cases observed is at least

slightly truncate.

APRIL, 1926] DAVIS AND SMITH STENOPELMATUS 179

Maximum

Minimum

Mean

Length of tibise, 2

7.5 mm.

6.0 mm.

6.9 mm.

Length of tibiae, 6

8.1

7.8

8.0

Length of notum, $

■ 5.0

4.0

4.6

Length of notum, 6

4.5

Total length (dry), $

48.0

42.0

45.5

Total length (dry), 6

-.37.0

35.0

36.0

Holotype, 9, (No. 1875), Oakland, California, December,

1925, and allotype, 6 (No. 1876), Oakland, California, Decem-

ber, 1925, in the California Academy of Sciences. Three pairs

of paratypes from the same locality are to be deposited, one

pair in each of the three following museums : United States

National Museum, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science,

and Entomological Department of the University of California.

These specimens were undoubtedly mature, since they suc-

cessfully copulated before they were killed. This species might

at first be taken for a form intermediate between 6'. fuscus and

S', pictus. According to the characters of Hebard’s table it

would come under S', longispina, the spination of the hind

tibi^ being the same as that given for that species. In size and

general appearance this species more closely resembles S', pictus,

except that the dark lines on the front are lacking.

Stenopelmatus pictus Scud. *

Heavy punctuation of the head practically lacking, the secondary

punctuation extremely fine and sparse. Frontal sutures much as in

intermedins, as is the rugosity above the fronto-clypeal suture. Basal

antennal joints about the same, except that the fourth is only one-

fourth as long as the third. Ovipositor of the female longer, less

stout, the angle formed by the joining of the apices of the blades

more acute. Basal plate of the prosternum somewhat arcuate pos-

teriorly, the lateral plates quite wide, their posterior angles rounded

and not laterally directed. Anterior plate very transverse, about seven

times as wide as long, fairly regularly arcuate posteriorly^ sinuately

truncate in front.

* Since these notes were prepared we have had an opportunity to

examine a specimen of S. pictus from Suisun, California, sent by Dr. Stanley

Freeborn, and a series of eleven specimens taken in lower Panoche

Canyon, Fresno County, California, by Mr. F. W. W''ymore and Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke.

The specimen from Suisun agrees closely with the characters stated

previously. Those from Panoche Canyon agree in all except the shape of

the anterior prosternal plate, which, in this series, varies from transverse

and very short to nearly triangular; the black markings of the head and

thorax, however, are very distinctive. This species on the whole is some-

what larger than S. intermedius . As these specimens were all dead when

received there has been no opportunity for observation of habits and

mating reactions.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Length of hind tibiae, ?, 6.5 mm.; length of notum, $, 4.0; total

length, 2,21.0.

There are no specimens available from which to make slides

of the stridulating plates, but it is to be expected that these

would resemble those of intermedius quite closely. The only

specimen of .S’, pictus available for examination at present is a

female in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

taken by E. P. Van Duzee in San Francisco, April 11, 1919.

This specimen was determined as pictus by Hebard in 1920 but

is marked “atypical.” The presence of the dark lines on the

head serve, however, to distinguish it immediately from

S. intermedius.

Preparation of Soft-Bodied Insects

In mounting such soft-bodied insects as Stenopelmatus (Orth-

optera) for the cabinet, it is found that great difficulty is expe-

rienced in preventing the abdomen from shriveling to such

an extent as to be useless for measurement or other identifica-

tion, Removing the viscera through a ventral longitudinal

suture and filling the abdomen with cotton has been tried, with

indifferent success. I have found that by injecting the speci-

men hypodermically with 95 per cent alcohol and then immers-

ing in alcohol of the same strength for a month or six weeks,

very satisfactory results may be obtained, the abdomen shrivel-

ing only to a very slight extent. Formalin or some other rap-

idly hardening agent might be used with about the same or a

little better success. — Alonzo C. Davis.

After a recent severe outbreak of the oak moth (Phryganidea

calif ornica) at Mill Valley, California, I placed a handful of the

chrysalids in a container. At one average inspection there were

five moths and fifty parasites (Ephialtes hehrensi Cress.) in the

box. Later some small Tachinids and a few Chalcu ovata

emerged. This would indicate a high rate of parasitism. — E. P.

Van Duzee.

APRIL, 1926 ]

DAVIS AND SMITH STENOPELMATUS

181

Fig. 1, Prosternum of Stenopelmatus fuscus; 2, same of intermedins ;

3, anterior prosternal plate of pictus; 4, stridulatory plates of inter-

medins; 5, same of fnscns; 6, frontal sutures of fuscns; same of

intermedins.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

SOME NEW SIPHONAPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA

BY CARROLL FOX

Phalacropsylla cummingi Fox, n. sp.

Figs. I and II

Frons provided with two approximate rows of bristles, an anterior

of three weak bristles and a second row of four stout bristles of about

equal size, the innermost being placed at the edge of the antennal

groove above the vestigial ej'^e. Stiperimposed genal spines two, the

lower longer and broader (fig. 1). Labial palpi reaching almost to the

apex of fore coxae.

Hind coxae with a row of six spineform bristles (spinelets) on its

inner side. Outer side of hind femur with a row of four bristles

toward the apex and two or three toward the base, the inner side

being without bristles. Hind tibia with three rows of bristles in

addition to those placed near the fourth, fifth and sixth dorsal pairs

as in jP. paradisea, giving the appearance of having the bristles on

posterior border of tibia in groups of three. First segment of the

hind tarsus one-third longer than the second (6.4).

Process of clasper (fig. 2^ P) prominent and not divided by a ven-

tral suture; finger extending well above the process, its ventral border

convex and provided with thin bristles extending for nearly its entire

length; below the middle with a submarginal row of two or three

stouter bristles on the inner side (fig. 2, F).

Vertical arm of ninth sternite straighter and wider than in P. para-

disea and not divided at apex; horizontal arm with a row of bristles

on its distal half, the upper three of which are stout, the middle one

much the stoutest (fig. 2, IX st). Length, 1.8 mm.

Los Angeles, California, 1925, one male taken off

Diphodomys agilis.

Type No. 28918, U. S. N. M.

Leptopsylla ebrighti Fox, n. sp.

Figs. Ill and IV

This new species of Leptopsylla is quite distinct from the

other American forms.

Genal spines two; three of the bristles in the fronto-marginal row,

at the most prominent part of the frons, short, heavy and spine-like.

Labial palpi reaching a little beyond the middle of the fore coxze.

Pronotal comb containing about twenty-four spines. Mesonotum

about one-fourth longer than the metanotum in both sexes; the

bristles on the metathoracic epimerum eight in number arranged

APRIL, 1926]

FOX SIPHONAPTERA

183

2; 4: 2: in the male, and 3: 3: 2: in the female. Bristles in the pos-

terior row on abdominal tergites II to VI in the female number

15 to 17, in the male about 12. Abdominal sternites IV to VI, each

bearing a single row of 8 bristles in the female^ 4 or 5 in the male.

Seventh sternite in the female slightly incised ventrally, above the

incision with a broadly rounded lobe and carrying a row of 12

bristles; in the male with a row of from 4 to 6 bristles. Eighth tergite

in the male with 5 lateral bristles, in the female with a submarginal

row of bristles and two lateral rows, the anterior containing 4 small

and the posterior 6 large bristles (fig. 4). Abdominal sternite VIII

of the male without bristles ventrally, produced laterally into a

rounded lobe at the apex of which are 2 fairly long and 1 or 2 shorter

bristles (fig. 3, VIII st).

Style short and thick, wide at the base and at the middle, but

narrow at tip where there is a long bristle, and below this three

smaller bristles. Antepygidial bristles 4 (or 5) on each side in the

female (in the type specimen 4 on one side and 5 on the other), and

3 on each side in the male (in the type specimen 3 on on side and 2

on the other). Hind femur with some bristles basally and apically

but no lateral row; the hind tibia with a row of 8 bristles on the outer

side and 4 or 5 on the inner.

Process of the claspers broad at tip, reaching to about the top of

the finger (fig. 3, P) ; the finger almost straight on its dorsal border,

widest near the tip, the ventral border carrying three large and sev-

eral smaller bristles. The finger may be roughly described as having

the shape of a right-angle triangle with the apex at the pedicle and

the caudo-ventral corner broadly rounded; manubrium slender, acu-

minate and gently curved upward (fig. 3, F). Horizontal arm of the

ninth sternite slightly curved upward, its apex bluntly pointed, its

ventral edge convex and carrying six rather long and some smaller

bristles (fig. 3, IX st). Length: male, 1.8 mm.; female, 2.8 mm.

Los Angeles, California, July, 192*5, a series of males and

females obtained from Neotoma fuscipes.

Type No. 28919, U. S. N. M.

Anomiopsyllus californicus Baker 1904

Figs. V and IX

1904, Baker, Invert. Pacifica, I, p. 39.

1915, Rothschild, Ectoparasites, I, p. 45.

Baker’s description was based on one female from Spilogale

phenax taken at Claremont, Los Angeles County, California.

The writer has a series of both sexes from Neotoma fuscipes

and Spilogale pkenax taken at Los Angeles, California. The

male is reported herein for the first time.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Rothschild acquired the type specimen from Baker. Un-

fortunately, the receptaculum seminis in the type is almost

destroyed. Rothschild, comparing a series of Anomiopsylhts

niidatus which he had from Paradise, Arizona, with the type of

californicus came to the conclusion that calif ornicvus was the

same as nudatus. These fleas are certainly very much alike but

there are minor differences in the shape of the receptaculum

seminis (fig. 5), and discovery of the male of calif orniais shows

Rothschild to be in error when he pronounced californicus to

be a synonym of nudatus.

In both species there are three small spine-like bristles on the

finger of the claspers. In californicus these are arranged close

together in an oblique row near the apex of the finger (fig. 9,

F). In nudatus they are much more widely separated along the

posterior border of the finger, two of them above and one far

below.

Hoplopsyllus powers! Fox, n. sp.

Figs. VIII and XI

Labial palpi reaching to about two-thirds of the anterior coxse.

Pronotal comb composed of from 14 to 16 spines; the metepimerum

with 9 or 10 bristles in the male (5:4 or 6:4) and 12 or 14 in the

female (6:6 or 6:8). Hind femur carrying a row of about 6 bristles

on its inner side, the hind tibia a row of about 10 on its outer side;

one of the apical bristles of the second hind tarsal segment extends

beyond the middle of the fifth segment. Sternite VII in the female

has a row of from 14 to 15 bristles on the two sides together^ in the

male about 4. Sternite VIII in the male bears laterally a group of

about 7 bristles; in the female there is a lateral row of 5 (or 6), while

apically there is a row of 8 bristles on the outer side and a row of

7 or 8 on the inner side.

Style slightly more than twice as long as broad at base (9:4).

Receptaculum seminis distinctly flattened proximally (fig. 8) ; bristled

process of the claspers (fig. 11, P) about one-third longer than wide

at the middle (10:15), the toothed process five times as long as wide,

exclusive of the tooth (5:25) (fig. 11, P. 2). Length: male, 1,6 mm.;

female, 2.3 mm.

Los Angeles, California, 1925, taken on SyliAlagus bachmani.

Type No. 28920, U. S. N. M.

APRIL, 1926]

FOX SIPHONAPTERA

185

Hoplopsyllus minutus Fox, n. sp.

Figs. VI and X

A small flea. Only the female known.

Labial palpi extending to three-fourths of anterior coxae; maxillary

palpi only a little shorter than the labial palpi. Pronotum bearing a

comb of 13 spines; metepimerum with 7 bristles (3:4). Hind femur

with a row of S bristles on the inner side; hind tibia with a row of

8 or 9 bristles on the outer side; longest apical bristle of the second

hind tarsal segment extending to the tip of the fifth segment.

Abdominal sternites II to VI each with a row of about 4 bristles;

sternite VII carrying a row of 12 or 13 bristles; eighth tergite with

a marginal row of 9 or 10 bristles, a submarginal row of 8 and later-

ally a row of 5 bristles. Style about twice as long as broad at base,

carrying one apical and one subapical bristle (fig. 10). The head of

the receptaculum seminis almost round (fig. 6). Length, 1.3 mm.

San Francisco, California, 1908, taken on Sylvilagus hach-

mani.

Type No. 28922, U. S. N. M.

Explanation of Figures

1. Pkalacropsylla cummingi, frons showing the genal spines.

2. Pkalacropsylla cummingi, male clasping organs.

3. Leptopsylla ebrighti, male clasping organs.

4. Leptopsylla ebrighti, female, abdominal segments VII and VIII.

5. Anomiopsyllus calif ornicus, receptaculum seminis.

6. Hoplopsyllus minutus, receptaculum seminis.

7. Leptopsylla ebrighti, receptaculum seminis.

8. Hoplopsylla po'vjersi, receptaculum seminis.

9. Anomiopsyllus calif ornicus, male, ninth tergite.

10. Hoplopsyllus minutus, female, terminal segments of abdomen.

11. Hoplopsyllus ponjoersi, male, ninth tergite.

NOTE

On October 24, under a band on a large crabapple tree 32

codling moth cocoons were found, 22 of which were parasi-

tized by JEnoplex carpocapsce Cush. In the neighborhood of

this tree 32 of the 417 codling moth larvae collected were

parasitized.

In September a number of the chalcids, Dibrachys bouche-

anus Ratz., were reared from a codling moth larva. Appar-

ently, this parasite functions usually as a secondary, for in

December it was reared from the larvae of JEnoplex carpo-

capS(S Cush.

Ephialtes sanguineipes (Cr.) was reared from a codling moth

larva on August 8. — Stanley E. Flanders,

APRIL, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN PSEUDANARTA

187

ON THE PLACEMENT OF “PSEUDANARTA’^

FLAVIDENS GRT. (LEPID., PHALAENID2E)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

POLIA ^ FLAVIDENS Grt.

1879, Grote, Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 205, Hadena (Pseudanarta),

1889, Smith, Ent. Amer., V, 179, Pseudanarta.

1893, Smith, Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 149, Pseudanarta.

1903, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, 124, No. 1309, Pseudanarta.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 195, pi. Cl, f 11, Pseuda-

narta.

1908, Smith, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, 88, Pseudanarta.

Described from specimens from Colorado, Mead and Henry

Edwards. Beutenmueller, 1892, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV,

does not list a type in the American Museum of Natural His-

tory. Hampson, 1906, figures the species and lists a female

type in the British Museum. We possess a specimen compared

with this type by Dr. J. McDunnough.

The species has been correctly determined in collections, but

all authors appear to have overlooked the fact that it has hairy

eyes and therefore does not belong in the Cuculliinse, but falls

into the Hadeninse. By Hampson’s keys, 1905, Cat. Lep. Phal.

B. M., V, it would run to the genus Trichestra Hamp., but

appears to be there out of place.

The genera of the Hadeninae need revision, so we tentatively

place the species with its allies secedens Wlk. and hasivirida

B. and McD. The three agree in possessing yellow basal areas

on their secondaries, and lashed eyes, but differ considerably

in characters of palpi and vestiture. It is probable that three

distinct genera will ultimately be erected for these three spe-

cies, but for the present they can rest in

1 Sense Hampson, 1905. We are cognisant that PoUa is a Tentamen

genus with type flavidncta, belonging to the subfamily Cuculliinse; merely

republished by Ochsenheimer, 1816, who credits to Hiibner. Hampson,

1907, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), XIX, 252, uses Miselia, with type desig-

nated as conspersa, in place of PoUa. But Miselit! is also a Tentamen genus,

with type oxycaniha, belonging in the subfamily Cuculliinae; merely repub-

lished by Ochsenheimer, 1816, who credits to Hiibner. Like most European

workers, Hampson has refused to accept generic names unless they were

accompanied by a description in words, and not only rejects the Tenta-

men, but also the genera of Ochsenheimer. He, therefore, lists both Folu

and Miselia from Treitschke, 1825. Probably the correct generic name for

the bulk of the species placed by Hampson in PoUa, or Miselia, will be

Hadena Schr.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF OMPHALOCERA

OCCIDENTALIS B. AND BENJ. (LEPID.,

PYRALID^, PYRALIN^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F, H, BENJAMIN

j Decatur, Illinois

Omphalocera occidentalis B. and Benj.

1924, Barnes and Benjamin, Contrib. N. H. Lep. N. A., V, (3), 191,

Omphalocera.

Described from a holotype 6 , Clark County, Nevada, 24-30

June, and 1 6 paratype, High Rolls, New Mexico.

A fine pair have been received from Mr. Tom Spalding, taken

at Eureka, Utah, July 4. The female is very similar to the

male in coloration and maculation.

A NEW SPECIES OF PLASTOCERID.E IN THE

GENUS EUTHYSANIUS (COLEOPTERA)

BY VASCO M. TANNER

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

In 1853 Dr. John L. LeConte established the genus Euthy-

sanius and described the species lautus as the type of the genus.

In 1866 he described the species pretiosus, which was the second

of the two species in this genus. These descriptions are brief

and rather inadequate because important morphological charac-

ters are ignored. The genitalia of these species, for example,

have valuable characters which may be utilized in separating

them. Some of the recent workers in coleopterology have failed

to base their descriptions upon definite morphological charac-

ters and as a result their descriptions are almost worthless. It

seems much safer to work with many morphological characters

than to split up groups and make new species on a few variable

characters.

Euthysanius blaisdelli Tanner, sp. nov.

(Figs. 2, 4, 7, 8 and 11)

Material studied : Three males, collected by the writer and

Mr. Angus M. Woodbury in Zion National Park, Utah, August,

1925.

Male. General color a rather light brown. Length, 17-19 mm.

Head broader than long; dorsal side pubescent and punctate; ventral

with a few small setae; maxillary palpi about half as long as the

head, with long setae at the distal end of each article; mandibles

APRIL, 1926]

TANNER EUTHYSANIUS

189

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

(fig. 7) rather large with numerous stout setse on the dorsal outer

margin; antennae (fig. 8) pectinate, very pubescent, reddish brown

throughout; pronotum almost square, except for the posterior outer

margins which extend back to the humeri (fig. 4) ; elytra about three

times as long as wide, almost parallel, bearing numerous small pale

setae; legs long and slender, of uniform chestnut brown color; abdo-

men long and slender, the ventral side densely covered with small

setae, segmentation clearly discernible, there being ten tergites and

ten sternites present; aedeagus leaving the body between the ninth

and tenth sternites; genitalia (figs. 2 and 11) much like that of E. pre-

tiosus Lee. (figs. 3 and 12).

In this species the ninth sternite is emarginate; in E. pretiosus

Lee., to which it is most closely allied, it is not emarginate.

The inner surface of the tegmen is very different in these two

species, as is also the basal piece. The genitalia (figs. 1 and 10)

and the antennae (fig. 9) of E. lautus Lee. are noticeably dis-

tinct from those of the other two species.

Type, male, (No. 21) in my collection. Paratype in the col-

lection of Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. This species is named in

honor of my good friend Doctor Blaisdell, who has contributed

so much to my collection of Coleoptera.

Literature

LeConte, John L.

1853. Revision of the Elateridse of United States. Trans. Am.

Philos. Soc. (2), X, pp. 405-408.

1866. New Species of North American Coleoptera. Smiths.

Misc. Coll. VI, No. 167, 2d ed., pp. 1-177.

Sharp, D., and Muir, F.

1912. Comp. Anat. of Male Genital Tube in Coleoptera. Trans.

Ent. Soc. Bond., pp. 477-642, pi. 42-78.

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1. Ventral view of the genitalia of Euthysanius lautus Lee.

Fig. 2. Same of E. blaisdelli sp. nov.

Fig. 3. Same of E. pretiosus Lee.

Fig. 4. Posterior outer margin of pronotum in E. blaisdelli.

Fig. 5. Same in E. pretiosus.

Fig. 6. Same in E. lautus.

Fig. 7. Mandible of E. blaisdelli.

Fig. 8. Last two segments of the antenna in E, blaisdelli.

Fig. 9. Same in E. lautus.

Fig. 10. Dorsal view of the genitalia of E. lautus.

Fig. 11. Same of E. blaisdelli.

Fig. 12. Same of E. pretiosus.

ml. — median lobe. 9ths. — ninth sternite.

t. — tegmen. lOths. — tenth sternite.

bp. — basal-piece. 9tht. — ninth tergite.

lOtht. — tenth tergite.

au. — anus.

APRIL, 1926]

FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

191

A LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ALASKA

AND ADJACENT PARTS OF THE YUKON

TERRITORY IN THE SUMMER OF 1924

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

(Continued from page 154)

Lepturoides (Campylus) variabilis Esch. Dawson; Eagle;

Fort Yukon; McKinley Park. Very common on grass and

bushes along the Yukon River and frequently seen flying

by day about the streets of Dawson.

Ludius (Corymbites) resplendens Esch. Skagway, a single

specimen beaten from spruce on a mountain trail above the

town.

Ludius (Corymbites) lobatus Esch. Seward, two examples,

one entirely dark, the other with the elytra ferruginous.

Ludius (Corymbites) morulus Lee. White Horse; Dawson.

"^Ludius (Corymbites) nigricoUis Lee. Skagway.

Ludius (Paranomus) costalis Payk. Dawson; Eagle.

"^Hemicrepidius ( Asaphes ) oregonus Lee. Ketchikan ; Wrangel.

Cryptohypnus abbreviatus Say. Dawson.

Cryptohypnus nocturnus Esch. White Horse; Skagway.

Cryptohypnus nocturnus var. lucidulus Mann. Skagway ; Mc-

Kinley Park; Seward.

Hypnoidus tumescens Lee. Skagway; Dawson.

Hypnoidus musculus Esch. Skagway.

*Hypnoidus extricatus Fall, n. sp;

Moderately elongate, subdepressed, black scarcely aenescent,

moderately shining, finely thinly cinereo-pubescent. Head quite

strongly densely punctate, vertex impressed. Antennae entirely

piceous, slender, the apical three joints passing the hind angles

of the thorax. Prothorax about one-fifth wider than long, nar-

rowed at apex ; widest at about the middle where the sides are

strongly arcuate, sinuate before the hind angles which are dis-

tinctly divergent and with a fine carina extending forward one-

third or two-fifths the thoracic length; surface numerously

but not very densely, finely, punctate, the punctures evidently

stronger and closer anteriorly but not in the least asperate;

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

median line narrowly smooth. Elytra three times as long as

thorax and at base slightly wider than the latter ; humeri obtuse,

sides nearly straight or feebly arcuate in basal two-thirds,

thence convergent and narrowly rounded at apex; striae fine

and entire, finely punctate, intervals flat, numerously finely

punctate. Body beneath finely sparsely punctate, the punctures

distant by about twice their own diameters as a rule, a little

coarser on the prosternum and toward the sides of the pro-

and meta-sterna, finest on the ventral segments. Legs piceous,

the tarsi and sometimes the coxae more or less pale. Length

(type male), 5 mm.; width, 1.8 mm.

Described from three examples, one each from McKinley

Park (type). Child’s Glacier and Seward, Alaska, all taken by

the writer. The Seward example is stouter than the others

and is doubtless a female. This species does not fit well into

any of the groups indicated by Horn. Because of its depressed

form it would by Horn’s table be likely to be referred to the

striatulus group, but the sculpture is much more in harmony

with the melsheimeri group, where I think it may for the

present be placed in the vicinity of tumescens. The size is a

little larger than in tumescens and the antennas are conspicu-

ously longer than in the latter or any of its near relatives.

Hypnoidns striatulus Lee. Skagway.

^Elater sp. near and perhaps the same as behrensi Horn.

Skagway.

FAMILY MELASID^

Epiphanis cornutus Esch. Seward.

FAMILY BUPRESTID.E

Dicerca tenebrica Kby. (prolongata Lee.). Yukon River

forty miles above Fort Yukon, on spruce wood pile; Ram-

part (Kusche) ; Dawson (Kusche). These specimens are

the same as an example compared by Saunders many years

ago with the types and kindly sent to me by Mr. Arrow

for examination. Kirby’s original specimens, so Mr.

Arrow writes me, are for some reason not now in the

Museum collection. Just what tenebrica is has long been

a matter of doubt with our coleopterists. LeConte asso-

APRIL, 1926]

FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

193

dated it doubtfully with his lacustris (= lugubris $ ).

Crotch in 1873 surmised from the description that it might

be the same as prolongata and his surmise proves to be

correct. It stands now in the Leng List as a synonym of

divaricata. The placing of lugubris as a synonym of tene-

brosa in the Leng List is also an error, the former having

the intermediate tibiae of the male simple, whereas in tener

brosa they are toothed.

Dicerca tenebrosa Kby. Yukon River below Eagle; Dawson.

This also is determined with certainty by comparison wdth

one of Kirby’s original specimens.

Melanophila drummondi Kby. Yukon River, west of Fort

Yukon (Arctic Circle).

M elanophila acuminata DeG. Anchorage.

Chrysobothris trinervia Kby. Yukon River forty miles above

Fort Yukon.

Agrilus poUtus Say. Dawson; Fort Yukon (Kusche).

FAMILY HETEROCERID^

Heterocerus sp. Dawson.

FAMILY HELODIDiE

Cyphon variabilis Thungb. Scow Bay; White Horse. The

White Horse specimens are materially larger than those

from Scow Bay. It is possible that careful investigation

would show that one or both of these are distinct from

variabilis,

FAMILY DERMESTIDiE

'^Byturus unicolor Say. Skagway ; Dav/son.

Trogoderma sinistra Fall, n. sp.

Oblong-oval; similar in form to ornata but rather larger than the

average specimens of that species. Body entirely black without trace

of ornamentation, surface shining, pubescence short, subrecumbent,

blackish throughout. Head about two-fifths as wide as the prothorax,

rather coarsely and densely punctate, eyes feebly sinuate on inner

margin. Antennae (female) dull rufous, the first two joints blackish,

club evidently four-jointed but not very abruptly formed, its length

a little less than that of all the preceding joints. Prothorax about

three-fifths wider than long, sides broadly arcuate and rapidly con-

vergent from base to apex; punctuation finer than on the head, not

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

at all asperate, a little closer and coarser near the sides, the punc-

tures as a rule separated by about their own diameters. Elytra

slightly wider than, and about three times as long as, the prothorax,

similarly finely, not densely, punctate. Prosternum and sides of meta-

sternum more densely and coarsely punctate; abdomen finely punc-

tured. Legs blackish, tarsi paler. Length, 3.9 mm.; width, 2.15 mm.

Described from a single female taken by the writer at Daw-

son, Yukon Territory, June 26, 1924.

This is the first entirely black Trogoderma to be described

from our fauna. I have in my collection a pair (62) of

similarly black specimens from Aweme, Manitoba, which are

probably specifically identical, but of this I do not feel entirely

assured. They are considerably smaller (2.8-3.25 mm.) and

seemingly a little narrower, the antennae entirely rufous, the

third joint very small in the male.

Perimegatoma perversa Fall, n. sp.

Narrowly oblong, cylindrical, convex; black, antennae, tibiae and

tarsi ferruginous; pubescence short, stiff, inclined, entirely deep black;

surface feebly shining. Head two-fifths as wide as the thorax, the

latter moderately strongly transverse; sides arcuately narrowed from

the base, side margins narrowly refiexed. Elytra about three and a

half times as long as the thorax, sides broadly sinuate before the

middle. Head and thorax coarsely and densely variolate-punctate,

elytra a little less coarsely and densely so, the punctures subasperate

toward the base, especially at sides. Body beneath similarly densely

rather coarsely punctured, more rugosely so anteriorly. Antennal

club about four-fifths as long as the entire stem, basal two joints

moderately strongly transverse; apical joint about one-half longer

than the two preceding, subtriangular, the lower edge strongly

oblique. Length, 4.6 mm.; width, 1.8 mm.

Dawson, Yukon Territory; a single specimen. The antennal

club is rather of the male type, but I am not sure that the

specimen is a male.

This species, by good rights, should be either the cylindrica

of Kirby or Maiinerheim’s angularis, but in cylindrica the body

is said to be very minutely punctured and covered with decum-

bent cinerous hairs, and angularis is also said to be griseo-

pubescent and with condensed white hairs on the hind angles

of the thorax ; absolute statements which are quite at variance

with the present species.

APRIL, 1926]

FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

195

FAMILY BYRRHID^

Pedilophorus subcamts Lee. White Horse.

Pedilophorus acuminatiis Mann. Sitka.

Simplocaria tessellata Lee. ( ? mefallica Sturm). Yukon River

forty miles below Fort Yukon ; Dawson.

Cytihis alternatiis Say. Skagway; Yukon River below Sel-

kirk; Dawson.

Byrrhus concolor Kirby. Skagway; Yukon River (Sheep

Creek below Eagle) ; Dawson; also on the Yukon below

Selkirk, Yukon Territory, where numerous speeimens were

pieked up on the boat while taking wood. Identifieation is

made after study of an example sent me by Mr. Arrow

who had compared it with Kirby's type.

Byrrhus sp. Certain specimens among those taken below Sel-

kirk are of average larger size and have the transverse

closed figure of the el3rtra defined by pale pubescence better

defined than in the preceding. These are possibly cyclo-

phorus Kby. Mr. Arrow writes me, however, that he is

by no means sure that the concolor and cyclophorus types

represent different species. Of cyclophorus he writes “has

the whole of the lower surface and legs light red, but as

the elytra are not quite black I think that very likely indi-

cates immaturity.” Of concolor (type) he remarks: “Has

very faint traces of two series of small spots placed as in

cyclophorus. It is very slightly smaller and relatively

shorter.”

''^'Byrrhus eximhis Lee. McKinley Park; Dawson ; Yukon River

below Selkirk, Yukon Territory.

Lioligla ( Simplocaria ) nitida Mots. Ketchikan.

FAMILY OSTOMID^

Calitys scaber Thunb. Dawson.

FAMILY NITIDULID^

Meligethes scevus Lee. Dawson.

Nitidula bipunctata L. Dawson. Several specimens having the

form and characteristic elytral spots of this common intro-

duced species, but blacker, legs entirely black or virtually

so, and punctuation rather finer and sparser than in my

examples of the latter.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Nitidula nigra Schf. Dawson ; McKinley Park. With the pre-

ceding occurred examples without the elytral spots. These

are undoubtedly the nigra of Schseffer. They do not differ

specifically from the spotted form, but whether this is

really a form of bipunctata or a distinct species I am some-

what in doubt.

'^Omosita discoidea Fabr. Skagway.

Epurcea terminalis Mann. Anchorage.

Epurcea truncatella Mann. Yukon River below Eagle ;

Dawson.

FAMILY CUCUJIDAI

Pediacus fuscus Er. White Horse ; Dawson ; Anchorage.

Dendrophagus cygncci Mann. Skagway.

FAMILY CRYPTOPHAGID^

Antherophagus suturalis Makl. Skagway; McKinley Park.

*Cryptophagus difficilis Csy. (LeConte MS). McKinley Park.

Crypto phagus sp. near the preceding. Eagle.

Henoticus serratns Gy 11. Anchorage.

Ccenoscelis ferruginea Sahlbg. Anchorage ; White Horse.

Atomaria (Agathengis) sp. Yukon River, Yukon Territory,

below Selkirk.

''^Atomaria (Agathengis) sp. Fort Yukon; Dawson.

Atomaria (Agathengis) vespertina Makl. Anchorage; White

Horse.

Atomaria (Anchicera) kamtschatika Mots. Yukon River

(Sheep Creek below Eagle); Anchorage; Skagway;

Homer (W. S. McAlpine).

Atomaria (Anchicera) fulvipennis Mann.? Skagway; Homer

(W. S. McAlpine).

'^'Atomaria (Anchicera) sp. Yukon River below Eagle.

^Atomaria (Anchicera) sp. Fort Yukon.

^AtomariO' (Anchicera) sp. McKinley Park.

Atomaria (Anchicera) sp. Dawson.

Atomaria (Anchicera) sp. Dawson. None of these unidenti-

fied species seem referable to any of those of Mannerheim

of Maklin.

FAMILY COLYDIIDAI

'^'Lasconotus borealis Horn. Yukon River below Eagle.

APRIL, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

197

FAMILY LATKRIDIID^

'‘^Lathridius breviclavus Fall. Yukon River below Eagle.

Lathridius cinnamopterus Mann. {=montanus Fall). Anchor-

age ; Fort Yukon. Specimens taken at Anchorage are with-

out hesitation referred to this hitherto unrecognized

species. I have little doubt that fulvipennis Mann, is iden-

tical. Renewed study at this time enables me to say that

the species that I described ^ under the name armatulus is

the true costicollis of LeConte, while my montamis as

indicated above seems not to differ from cinnamopterus as

now identified. This leaves the species which I had

previously supposed to be costicollis without a name and

for this the name carinifer is now proposed. Making these

changes in name the characters as given in my table apply,

except that I was in error in saying that the front thighs are

not toothed at base in the male of montamis. This tooth

is very small but detectable in the type on renewed study ;

it is a little better developed in an Alaskan specimen. As

now present in my collection the following localities are

represented: L. cinnamopterus Mann. Anchorage and

Fort Yukon, Alaska, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho; Leavenworth

Valley, Colorado; British Columbia (Caraboo District);

Eureka and Little River, northern California : L. carinifer

new name {costicollis Fall, nec. LeConte), Astoria, Ore-

gon ; British Columbia ; Park City, Utah ; Colorado

Springs, Colorado.

'-^Lathridius costicollis Lee. Anchorage.

Eniemus protensicollis Mann. Seward ; Skagway.

Eniemus consimilis Mann. McKinley Park.

^Corticaria varicolor Fall. Skagway ; White Horse.

'^Corticaria arctophila Fall, n. sp.

Fulvotestaceous, elytra more or less dark, piceotestaceous. Head

two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, sparsely punctate; eyes rather

large, moderately prominent; tempora about one-fourth the length of

the eye as view'ed from above. Antennae reaching the hind margin

of the thorax, joints all longer than wide. Prothorax large^ sub-

cordiform, a little wider than long; sides distinctly serrulate; disk a

little flattened along the median line, a shallow fovea at base; sur-

1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1899, p. 118.

198

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

face rather sparsely evenly punctate. Elytra about one-fifth wider

than the thorax, oblong-oval, three-fourths or four-fifths longer than

wide, striae feebly impressed, strial punctures very little larger than

those of the interspaces, the hairs springing from the latter more

bristling than those from the strial punctures. Beneath sparsely punc-

tate, the abdomen more finely so. Femora stout, a little more incras-

sate in the male. Prosternum as long before the coxae as the length

of the latter; middle coxae very narrowly separated; metasternum and

first ventral segment subequal in length.

Male. Front tibiae distinctly bent and mucronate at tip; last ven-

tral nearly as long as the two preceding, disk broadly concave, apex

broadly truncate.

Female. Front tibiae straight, unarmed at tip; last ventral as long

as the two preceding, disk flattened, apex broadly rounded.

Length, 2 to 2.3 mm.

McKinley Park Station, Alaska, June 9, 1924, one male

(type), two females. The specimens were beaten from an old

bear skin found at a deserted camp a short distance south of the

station.

This species by its characters would fall between rudis and

varicolor in my table (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxvi, 1899, p.

148). The punctures of the elytral striae and interspaces are

scarcely more unequal than on rudis, but the form and facies

are more nearly that of varicolor. From both the present species

differs by its larger prothorax with sides only very feebly

serrulate, and by its much longer last ventral of the male.

*Corticaria cavicauda Fall, n. sp.

Brownish piceous, shining, pubescence fine, thin and recumbent.

Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punc-

tate; eyes moderate, tempora one-fourth the length of the eye. An-

tennas scarcely attaining the base of the thorax; joints 3-7 decreas-

ingly longer than wide, 8 and 9 each about as long as wide, 10 a

little transverse. Prothorax moderately transverse, feebly cordate,

widest just before the middle; sides rather coarsely denticulate; sur-

face convex, with a moderately deep posterior fovea; punctuation

rather coarse, the punctures separated bj'^ their own diameter or a

little less. Elytra oblong subovate, scarcely three-fourths longer than

wide and about one-third wider than the thorax; striae scarcely im-

pressed, punctures of the interspaces evidently finer than those of

the striae, all becoming finer toward the apex. Beneath very finely

sparsely punctate, the metasternurn more strongly so. Prosternum

slightly longer before the coxae than the length of the latter; middle

APRIL, 1926 ]

FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

199

cox^ separated by about one-third their own width; legs moderate,

femora not distinctly incrassate.

Male. All the tibiae bent and mucronate at tip, the hind ones only

slightly so; fifth ventral with a large and deep transverse excavation

with acute margins.

Female. Tibiae straight and simple; fifth ventral a little longer

than the preceding, evenly convex, apex broadly arcuato-truncate. .

Length, 1.7 to 1.8 mm.

McKinley Park Station, July 9, 1924. Three examples

(1 6, 2$ $ ) taken with the preceding species from the same

dried bear’s skin. The male is taken as the type.

This species is most nearly allied to prionodera, with which

it agrees nearly in size and form ; it is, however, slightly stouter

and more convex, of darker color, with more approximate

middle coxae and much broader and larger apical ventral fovea,

which in prionodera is not acutely margined.

'^'Corticaria Columbia Fall.? McKinley Park; Fort Yukon

(Kusche).

'''"Corticarin dentigera Lee. Eagle; Dawson; White Horse.

Cor tic aria ferruginea Marsh. Anchorage; Dawson.

FAMILY COCCINELLID.®

Scymnus lacustris Lee. Dawson, one example, not quite typical.

Scymnus nanus Lee. Dawson ; White Horse.

'^Psyllobora 20-maculata Say. Tenana River.

Ncemia episcopalis Kby. Dawson.

Hippodamia 13-punctata L. Anchorage.

Hippodamia parenthesis Say. White Horse.

Coccinella transverso guttata Fabr. Dawson.

''^Coccinella 5 -not at a Kby. Skagway.

Anisocalvia 12-maculata Gebl. Eagle.

FAMILY TENEBRIONID^

P hello psis porcata Lee. Juneau; Skagway.

Sc aphid ema ceneolum Lec. Eagle.

Hypophloeus praetermissus Fall, n. sp.

This name is proposed for a species so closely resembling

parallelus in size, form, color and nearly all other characters as

to be easily confused with it. It differs from parallelus in

having the anterior thoracic angles more rounded and only

200

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. II, NO. 4

feebly prominent and the sides of the prothorax more narrowly

margined. In these two particulars it agrees nearly with H.

glaher, which species is, however, materially smaller, narrower

and of more southern habitat.

Several examples of the present species were taken on a

telephone pole adjacent to a spruce wood pile at Dawson,

Yukon Territory, June 25, one of which is taken as the type.

I have what seems to be the same species from Tyngsboro,

Lawrence and Framingham, Massachusetts. There is, of course,

a possibility that this may be an introduced species but I have

no means at hand of verifying this suspicion.

'‘'Upis ceramboides L. Anchorage; Dawson; Fort Yukon

(Kusche).

FAMILY MELANDRYID^

^'Tetratoma concolor Lee. Anchorage; Dawson.

Hallomemis punctulatus Lee. Anchorage ; Dav.'’Son.

FAMILY ANOBIIDiE

'-•'Hadrobregmus linearis Lee. McKinley Park; Yukon River

below Selkirk, Yukon Territory; Fort Yukon (Kusche):

^Microhregma emarginatnm Drift. McKinley Park; Yukon

River thirty miles above Fort Yukon on spruce wood pile.

'^Ccenocara scymnoides Lee. Eagle; Skagway.

FAMILY BOSTRICHID^

Stephana pachys (Dinoderiis) siibstriatus Payk. Yukon River,

Yukon Territory; also below Eagle.

FAMILY CISID.E

Cis biarmatus Mann. Sitka ; Kasaan. -

'^Octotemnus denndatus Csy. Skagrvay.

FAMILY SCARAB^ID^

^^gialia cylindrica Esch. Skagway.

SEgialia lacustris Lee. McKinley Park ; Eagle. As remarked

by Horn this may well be the exarata^ of Mannerheim,

though that author’s statement that the clypeus is emar-

ginate hardly applies to lacustris.

Aphodius aleutus Esch. Entirely black form at Juneau. The

form having the etytra with maculation of the pardalis-

leopardus type was common at Anchorage. I am quite

APRIL, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

201

unable to separate the eastern leopardus from this. Horn

places them in different groups, one being assumed to have

the hind tibiae fringed with equal, the other with unequal,

spinules. This is here a very illusory character. Strictly

interpreted the spinules are more or less unequal in both ;

more liberally interpreted they are comparatively equal in

both.

Aphodius pectoralis Lee. 'Eagle ; Dawson ; White Horse.

FAMILY LUCANID^

Platycems depressns Lee. Yukon River below Selkirk, Yukon

Territory.

FAMILY CERAMBYCID^

Asemiim atriim Esch. Juneau; Skagway.

Tetropium cinnamo ptemm Kby. Yukon River below Eagle.

Tetropium alaskanum Fall, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, black, elytra brownish to fuscous, legs and an-

tennas ferruginous; femora sometimes darker. Head finely, sparsely

punctate with distinct median sulcus. Antennae about three-fifths the

length of the body in the male, shorter in the female, stout, grad-

ually attenuated, second joint three-fourths to four-fifths as long as

the third. Prothorax about one-sixth wider than long, widest and

strongly rounded at or very near the middle, apex distinctly wider

than the base, the former broadly sinuate, the latter truncate; disk

feebly or scarcely impressed along the middle; surface polished and

very finely remotely punctate, becoming more closely so at sides.

Elytra about two and one-half times as long as wide, about one-sixth

wider and nearly three and a half times as long as the prothorax;

sides parallel^ apex obtusely rounded, surface finely, densely punc-

tate and dull, rather densely clothed with short, fine, appressed fulvo-

cinereous pubescence. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate; last

ventral of male subequal in length to the preceding, its apex broadly

truncate or sinuato-truncate; last ventral of female longer with evenly

rounded apex. Legs short; femora robust. Length, 6.3 to 10.5 mm.;

width, 1.3 to 3 mm.

The type is a male and is one of a series of specimens taken

by the writer on a spruce wood pile at Sheep Creek on the

Yukon River below Eagle, Alaska, July 1, 1924. The same

species was taken at Dawson, Yukon Territory, and there are

other Alaskan examples in my collection from Ruby (Kusche)

and Kowak River (Grinnell). The specimens from the last

named locality are referred to by me (Ent. News, 1900, p. 459)

202

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

as T. cinnamopterum, and were reported to have been “thawed

out of birch wood. Notwithstanding the indicated difference in

habits, the specimens are undoubtedly all of one and the same

species and cannot well be referred to any of our hitherto

described species, though by description evidently closely allied

to parvulum Csy. The latter seems to have a similarly polished

and sparsely punctate prothorax, which, however, is said to be

as wide as the elytra, a condition not obtaining in any one of

twenty examples before me. Parvulum moreover was described

from Indiana and it is improbable that it can be the same as

the Alaskan species.

^Criocephalus agrestis Kby. Fort Yukon and Rampart

(Kusche). The third joint of the hind tarsi is a little

shorter than is described of typical agrestis but I think this

is not of importance,

Leptalia macilenta Mann. Skagwa}^ ; Seward.

Pachyta liturata Kby. Juneau.

^Acmceops proteus Kby, Skagway; Yukon River from Eagle

to below Fort Yukon.

'^Acmceops pratensis Laich. Eagle; Dawson; Fort Yukon

(Kusche).

Leptura vexatrix Mann. Skagway ; Dawson, Fort Yukon

(Kusche). With a good series ranging from New England

to Alaska I am not yet able satisfactorily to separate this

from sexmaculata L., assuming our eastern specimens to

be of that species.

'^'Leptura san guinea Lee. McKinley Park.

Leptura suhargentata Yihy. form similis Kby. White Horse.

"^'Leptura tibialis Lee, Skagway, one female.

Merium proteus Kby. Yukon River below Eagle ; Ruby

(Kusche) ; Dawson.

Phymatodes dimidiatus Kby. Yukon River below Selkirk,

Yukon Territory.

^'Xylotrechiis undulatus Say. Yukon River from Selkirk to

below Fort Yukon.

*Neoclytus muricatulus Kby. Yukon River thirty miles above

Fort Yukon.

M onochamu'S scutellaris Say. Yukon River below Eagle.

APRIL, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

203

Acanthocinus obsoletus Oliv. Yukon River below Selkirk,

Yukon Territory.

Pogonocherus peniceilatus Lee. Yukon River below Selkirk,

Yukon Territory.

FAMILY CHRYSOMELID^

*Orsodachna atra Ahr. Eagle; Nenana.

Syneta carinata Mann. Skagway.

Zeugophora atra Fall, new name. White Horse, one example.

This is the black fomi with yellow legs and antenna that

Crotch, Horn and others have called abnormis Lee. The

true abnormis is an entirely yellow form with which kirbyi

Baly and reinecki Grote are synonymous. It is not yet

clear whether these variously colored fonus are really dis-

tinct species, so for the present the names are allowed to

have specific standing; I think, however, there can be no

doubt whatever of the synonomy given above.

Pachybrachys peccans Suffr. Dawson, a single female prob-

ably belongs here.

Adoxus obscurus L. Skagway.

^Adoxus obscurus var. villosus Schrank vitis auct.). Anchor-

age, Yukon River.

^Entomoscelis adonidis Pallas. Dawson; Nenana.

Lina laponica L. Skagway.

Lina sp. White Horse; Big Salmon, Yukon Territory. A

small form with uniformly black-bronzed elytra, the thorax

broadly margined at sides with yellow, the identity of

which is not yet clear to me.

Phytodecta americana Schf. Eagle; Dawson; Yukon River

below Selkirk.

Phytodecta notmani Schf. Eagle; Yukon River below Sel-

kirk. Of two examples taken at Eagle, probably from the

same poplar tree, one is americana and the other notmani.

Also of my two examples taken below Selkirk one is

americana, the other notmani!! Again there are in my

cabinet two examples from Mount Washington summit.

New Hampshire, bearing same date, one americana, the

other notmani. One example, Dawson, is americana. These

determinations are based on Schaeffe’s table in Jour. N. Y.

Ent. Soc., 1924, p. 140.

204

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Phytodecta vidgatissima L. Dawson ; Yukon River, Yukon

Territory. These specimens seem quite identical with

eastern examples of vulgatissima and not with the variety

inter stitialis as described by Mannerheim.

DisonycJm triangularis .Sa.j. Dawson.

Haltica tombacina Mann. {= evict a Lee.). Skagway; An-

chorage; McKinley Park; Nenana; Dawson, Yukon River,

Yukon Territory. I have no hesitation in announcing the

above synonym. The ‘'‘tombacina Mann.” of Horn’s mono-

graph is quite another thing and as specimens of this in the

LeConte collection and perhaps elsewhere bear the unpub-

lished name cupreolus Lee. I would suggest that this name

be adopted for the species.

^'Crepidodera (Chalcoides) fulz/icornis Fab. Fairbanks. This is

the common and widely distributed species long known as

helixines L. in our lists (see Chittenden in Jour. N. Y.

Ent. Soc., June, 1925).

'^Crepidodera (Hippuriphila) modeeri L. Anchorage; Yukon

River below Eagle.

^'Choetocnema protensa Lee. McKinley Park.

"^'Phyllotreta vittata Fab. Nenana.

FAMILY mylaerid-f; (bruchid.f;)

*Mylabris (Bruchus) prolixus Fall, n. sp.

Narrowly elongate, feebly cuneiform, entirely black, finely sparsely

cinereo-pubescent; head and thorax dull, elytra moderately shining.

Antennae ( 6 ) slender, as long as the entire body, pectinate, second

joint very small, third with an acutely triangular process, shorter

than the joint itself; rami of following joints very slender, becoming

gradually longer, those of joints 6-10 fully twice as long as the joints

themselves. In the female the antennae are stouter, attaining the

apical third of the elytra, serrate from the fourth joint. Head except

the clypeus densely punctate; eyes deeply emarginate, strongly promi-

nent in the male, in which sex they are separated on the front by

about three-fourths the length of the basal joint of the antennae; in

the female a little smaller and distant by about the length of the

basal joint. Prothorax moderately transverse, trapezoidal, sides nearly

straight and strongly convergent throughout; a feeble post-median

sinuation; base with a short truncate median lobe, surface very

densely punctate and dull throughout. Elytra about seven-tenths

(6) or one-half (9) longer than wide; sides gradually and feebly

divergent; striae fine, finely punctate, all abbreviated at apex, the

APRIL, 1926] FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

205

fifth and sixth shortest; intervals flat, not distinctly punctate but

with fine scratches and reticulations. Pygidium a little wider than

long, parabolically rounded at apex, impressed each side at about the

middle, finely but not very distinctly punctate. Body beneath closely

punctate anteriorly, becoming more sparsely and finely so on the

ventral segments. Legs very long and slender, slightly less slender

in the female; the hind tibiae in the latter sex with a very short acute

mucro at tip, which is almost completely obsolete in the male; hind

femora without teeth or denticles; basal joint of hind tarsi conspicu-

ously longer than the remainder in both sexes. Dimensions: male

(type), 2.2 x 1 mm.; female, 2.5 x 1.3 mm.

Described from four examples (1 6, 3$ 9 ) taken by the

writer in the sweepnet near McKinley Park Station, Alaska,

June 9-10, 1924.

This very remarkable species is not only notable as being the

first of its family to have been reported from Alaska, but it is

one of the most conspicuously distinct species in the North

American fauna. By its simple femora and pectinate antennae

it must be referred to Horn’s Group IV, from all the members

of which it differs signally in its narrow form and the long

antennae of the male.

FAMILY CURCULIONID^

*Apion alaskanum Fall, n. sp.

Moderately robust and ventricose; black, antennae, except the club

and one or two joints preceding, front tibiae and all the femora except

at tips, yellow; body above thinly^ finely cinereo-pubescent, scarcely

shining; meso- and meta-sternum at sides densely clothed with ap-

pressed white hairs. Beak ( 9 ) subequal in length to the head and

thorax, rather slender, thickened in basal third, which is distinctly

punctured and dull, finely sparsely punctulate and shining beyond

the antennal insertion. First joint of antenuje as long as the next

two, second reaching the eye. Front canaliculose; eyes prominent.

Prothorax very little wider than long, sides parallel in basal half,

thence oblique and nearly straight to apex; basal margin not at all

expanded, surface densely, rather coarsely, punctate; median line

impressed in basal third. Elytra widest at apical two-fifths, twice as

wide as the thorax; humeri moderate, sides divergent and nearly

straight from base to middle; interspaces flat, nearly twice as wide

as the striae at the middle, sub-biseriately punctate. Beneath rather

coarsely and densely punctate. Length (excluding beak), 2.25 mm.;

width, 1.2 mm.

Described from a single female specimen taken by the writer

on the Yukon River, Alaska, thirty miles above Fort Yukon.

This species belongs to my group IV, and by the table is to

206

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

be placed near segnipes, with which it nearly agrees in the color

of the antennae and legs. The latter species differs in many

respects, notably in its more conical thorax with expanded basal

margin, parallel elytra, much longer beak, smaller, not promi-

nent eyes and punctate rather than channeled front. Only one

species of Apion ( cuprascens Mann, from Sitka) has hitherto

been reported from Alaska.

'^Sitona tibialis Hbst. Skagway.

Lophalophus inquinatus Mann. Skagway.

Lepidophorus lineaticollis Kby. McKinley Park ; Eagle ; Daw-

son; White Horse.

Lepyrus capucinus Schall. or possibly errans Csy. Fort Yukon ;

Nenana; Dawson.

Hyperodes maculicollis Kby. Yukon River below Fort Yukon

(Arctic Circle). This is the vitticollis (vittaticollis) of

Dietz’ paper, but there can be very little doubt that the true

vitticollis is the ulkei of Dietz.

Paraplinthus carinatus Boh. Ketchikan ; Kasaan.

Paraplinthus scrohiculatus Mann. Ketchikan.

Dorytomus longulus Lee. Skagway.

Dorytomus rufulus Mann. Anchorage.

Grypidius equiseti Fabr. Dawson.

N Otaris ccthiops Fabr. Skagway; Anchorage; Yukon River

below Selkirk, Yukon Territory.

Proc torus decipiens Lee. Dawson. Le Conte is in error in say-

ing that the thighs are not toothed in P. armatus and that

the venter is unarmed in the male of decipiens. In the

latter the last ventral is similarly but less strongly modi-

fied, lacking, however, the small tooth at the middle of the

anterior margin of the segment, present in armatus.

*Elleschus borealis Carr. Dawson; Fort Yukon.

*Orchestes parvicollis Lee. Dawson; Fort Yukon.

Acalyptiis carpini Hbst. Dawson.

"^Ceutorhynchus rapee Gyll. Nenana.

Ceutorhynchus decipiens Lee. Dawson.

Ceutorhynchus cyanipennis Germ. Dawson.

Ceutorhynchus pusio Mann. Anchorage ; Dawson.

*Ceutorhynchus fulvotertius Fall, n. sp.

Oval, piceous; apical third of elytra, legs and antennae reddish

APRIL, 1926]

FALL ALASKAN COLEOPTERA

207

brown. Above thinly clothed with slender linear yellowish gray

scale-like hairs, with scattered broader white scales on the elytra

which show some tendency to a serial arrangement; the sides and

median line of the prothorax and an elongate scutellar spot more

densely scaly; beneath clothed with larger oval, more or less pointed

gray scales which are densely placed anteriorly, a little sparser and

more oblong in shape on the abdomen. Head densely punctured;

beak slender, striate and finely punctate; antennal funicle seven-

jointed, formed as in pusio. Prothorax wider than long, much nar-

rowed in front, lateral tubercles small but acute, median line feebly

channeled, apical margin nearly straight between the broad and very

feeble angulations, disk very densely punctate throughout. Elytra

one-fifth longer than wide; humeri moderate, sides more or less evi-

dently convergent from the humeri; intervals rather wide, nearly flat,

subrugose, each with a series of acute tubercles on the declivity.

Legs slender, femora unarmed, claws simple. In the male the middle

and hind femora are unguiculate and the last ventral segment is

deeply transversely foveate; in the female the tibiae are unarmed, the

last ventral similarly but much less strongly impressed. Length

(type), 2 mm,; width, 1.15' mm.

Described from a series of specimens of very uniform size,

taken at Nenana, Alaska, July 6, 1924, and a single specimen

from Fort Yukon, July 2. The type is a male from Nenana.

This species greatly resembles pusio Mann., which occurred

plentifully at Anchorage. In the latter the claws have a very

small basal tooth (which may easily be overlooked), the scales

of the elytra are more or less aggregated in small spots, giving

a mottled aspect. Fulvotertius must be referred to the squama-

tus group of Dietz, and by its characters seems to fall next to

squamattis , which, however, it does not much resemble.

Pelenomus gracilipes Dtz. Dawson.

FAMILY SCOLYTID^

P olygraphus rufipennis Kby. Dawson ; McKinley Park.

Dendroctonus borealis Hopk. Dawson; Yukon River below

Eagle (Sheep Creek) ; Anchorage.

Hylurgops rugipennis Mann. Ketchikan. I cannot see any

difference between this and many eastern pinifex.

Hylastes nigrinus Skagway.

Hylastes yukonis Fall, n. sp.

Strikingly similar in size, form and general appearance to H.

nigrinus, from which it seems to differ constantly in its somewhat

less coarse sculpture both above and beneath. In nigrinus the punc-

208

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

tures of the discal striae of the elytra are notably coarse, the intervals

not appreciably wider than the striae. In the present species the strial

punctures are evidently smaller, the intervals between the striae

always distinctly wider than the punctures themselves. The sides of

the prothorax are slightly more rounded than in nigrinus, and the ros-

tral Carina is always sharply defined and entire. In my series of

nigrinus the rostral carina is never so well developed as in yukonis

and not infrequently is nearly or quite obsolete except for the short

distance where it crosses the apical convexity. Length, 4.3 to 5.6

mm.; width, 1.55 to 1.85 mm. Dimensions of type, 1.7 x 4.6 mm.; of

prothorax, 1.5 x 1.3 mm.

Described from six examples taken in flight at White Horse

(June 21, 1924), and Dawson (June 24, 1924), Yukon Terri-

tory. The type is a male from White Horse.

In the male the last ventral is apically concave and furnished

with a brush of yellowish erect hairs as in the allied species.

Notwithstanding the rugose sculpture the integuments of the

upper surface are polished and shining throughout, without

trace of alutaceous sculpture. Nigrinus is a little duller though

not visibly alutaceous ; the nearly allied macer, on the other hand,

has the surface between the punctures distinctly alutaceous.

A pair of the present species was submitted to Dr. J. M.

Swaine, who pronounced them a new species most nearly allied

to nigrinus.

Pityophthorus nitidulus Mann. Seward.

'^Pityophthorus borealis Swn. Fort Yukon; Dawson. My

thanks are due to Dr. J. M. Swaine for determining this

species ; he writes that the specimen sent him is perfectly

typical. It is described from the Coppermine River, Arctic

Canada (Can. Ent., 1924, p. 195).

Pityogenes carinulatus Lee. White Horse.

Ips perturhatus Eich. Yukon River below Eagle ; White

Horse; Dawson. Doctor Swaine has kindly verified my

determination of this species.

Ips interruptus Mann. ? Anchorage.

Orthotomicus vicinus Lee. Yukon River thirty miles above

Fort Yukon; Dawson.

Dryoccefes septentrionis Mann. Fairbanks ; Seward ; Anchor-

age; Yukon and Tenana rivers.

Dryoccefes affaber Mann. Dawson; Yukon River below Sel-

kirk, Yukon Territory.

APRIL, 1926]

BEAMER GRIBURIUS

209

NOTES ON GRIBURIUS MONTEZUMA (SUFFRIAN)

(COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELID^)

BY R. H. BEAMER

Department of Entomology, University of Kansas,

Lawrence

The University of Kansas Biological Survey party on July 5,

1923, accompanied by Mr. Warren Knaus of McPherson, Kan-

sas, visited the salt-marshes and surrounding hills in Kiowa

County, Kansas. On the roof of a cave in a rocky bluff a large

series of Griburius montezuma (Suffrian) was taken. The cave

extended back into the cliff perhaps eight feet, and was two feet

in diameter at the smallest place. Quite a large number of sticks

and much debris was piled up at the farther end, upon which

were two young buzzards. The stench which accompanies a

buzzard’s nest was not lacking. The specimens of Griburius

were found mating in large numbers on the roof of this cave.

Some were also observed flying in and out.

A small den with two openings and a stick nest at the back

of it was also a favorite place with the beetles. This second

place was perhaps ten feet from the first, along the same cliff.

As this particular species was considered a good find by Mr.

Knaus, a good deal of interest was taken in the actions of the

individuals and their seeming preference of location. We then

searched all the caves, shady cliffs, crevices, and all other places

in that immediate vicinity, but not a single specimen could we

find. On July 12, 1923, however, in Ellsworth County, Kansas,

perhaps seventy-five miles north and fifty miles east of the

first locality, another buzzard’s nest cave was found and here

four more specimens of this same species were taken. This

called forth a further search of all the caves in the vicinity,

but no more specimens were found.

In the rather hasty examination of the debris about the nests

no larval cases or other indications of the insect’s life history

were found at the time of our first visit. This preference, how-

ever, for a very definite location for mating and the knowledge

that some closely related forms are scavengers in ants’ nests

led us to suspect that this beetle did pass its early stages in the

210

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

refuse of rodent or buzzard nests. It was with a great deal of

interest, therefore, that we made our second visit to these same

caves in Kiowa County, Kansas, on April 12, 1925. We were

rewarded by finding both the living larvae in their cases and

the old cast-skins of previous generations.

The sandstone in which the caves occur is friable and the

walls about the entrance have been honeycombed in the process

of erosion. It was in these small holes and under stones at the

mouth of the caves that the larval cases were found. About

three dozen cases were collected. The beetles emerged in due

time, but the attempt to obtain the life history failed, for the

specimens all died before laying eggs, although two pairs were

observed to mate in captivit^c The evidence is conclusive that

they overwinter as larvae, and is suggestive of but one genera-

tion a year. Thanks are due to Mr. H. C. Fall of Tyiigsboro,

Massachusetts, for identification of the species.

A Luminous Zarhipis (Coleoptera)

On April 3, 1926, an adult male of Zarhipis riversi Horn (?)

was examined with a view to finding out whether or not it pos-

sessed the power of luminosity. The insect was taken into a

dark room and, when excited by shaking and moving about, was

observed to be distinctly luminous. So far as could be deter-

mined in the dark this luminosity involved the posterior and

lateral borders of the first, second and third abdominal segments

dorsally, and the sides, apparently just back of the spiracles,

of the remaining segments. The light was greenish yellow and,

though faint, could be seen at a distance of about two feet. The

insect seems to have at least partial control over this power, as

it was luminous only when disturbed and then shone steadily

for some time. Later in the day the insect failed to show any

light, no matter how much it was agitated.

Another male taken on May 3 refused to become luminous

at first, but after several trials over a period of about four hours

it shone very feebly for a short time. The females of this

genus are distinctly luminous and apparently do not have any

control over the light, as they glow steadily. — A. C. Davis.

APRIL, 1926]

ESSIG BUTTERFLY MIGRATION

211

A BUTTERFLY MIGRATION

BY E. O. ESSIG

A true migration of the thistle butterfly, Vanessa cardui

(Linn.), occurred in California from the middle to the last of

March, 1926. Large numbers were first noticed in southern

California about March 10. They were rapidly traveling north

and entered the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley on

the 12th and 14th. On the 17th they were in the Sacramento

Valley, and a portion of the flock passed through Berkeley on

the 23rd, 24th and 25th. In the latter place all were traveling

due north. In the orchard districts the butterflies were attracted

to the opening blossoms of almonds, apricots, cherries, plums,

prunes and pears, all of which had an unusually heavy bloom

this year. Many of the farmers were greatly annoyed by their

presence. In the interior valleys the butterflies were hovering

over the plants commonly called “woolly breeches” {Amsinckia

spp.), which is a favorite food plant of the caterpillars in the

West.

A full explanation of the periodic migrations of this and a

closely related species, Vanessa carye (Hiibner), has not yet

been made, but they are somehow connected with years having

mild, dry winters. Temperature is undoubtedly an important

factor, and the continued hot weather during the month of

March in California, Arizona, and northern Mexico may have

started the species north.

These migrations are always toward the coast or in a north-

erly direction, and no return migrations have been noted. Many

of the butterflies were captured, and their badly battered wings

gave evidence of a long flight. They move rapidly and often

cover from 100 to 200 miles per day. They rest at night and

the maximum flight occurs from 2 to 3 p. m. on bright, hot days.

On cold days the forward movements cease, so that the limits

of the flights are probably also determined by temperature.

Note by the Editor — Mr. W. S. Wright of the San Diego Museum

of Natural History writes me that this migration was observed

throughout southern California from Yuma to San Diego, beginning

March 13, the general direction of the flight being from southwest

to northeast, and the “peak” of the flight lasting about 40 minutes.

212

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

The butterflies were seen feeding at Encelia flowers. Mr. Wright

noticed that the flight followed two days of strong wind from off the

desert, and suggests that probably the butterflies were blown from

the desert toward the west until they came into contact with the cool

air from the ocean and were then deflected toward the northeast.

Mr. Wright noted that the flight of two years ago was also preceded

by a strong wind from off the desert.

A NEW NOMADA

BY C. L. FOX

San Francisco, California

Nomada (Gnathias) klamathensis, C. L. Fox, n. sp.

Aspect of a black and yellow Heminomada, but with the

bidentate mandibles of a Gnathias. Length, 8 mm.

Male. Robust. Face broad; orbits slightly converging below.

Scape swollen; joint three of flagellum equal to four. Pubescence

on head and thorax white, sparse, longer on sides and underneath.

Punctures on head and thorax dense, coarser on vertex. Mesoscu-

tellum low, feebly and broadly sub-bilobate. Abdomen short and

broad; apical plate narrowed, notched. Wings almost clear, slightly

darkened apically; nervures and stigma light ferruginous; second sub-

marginal cell narrowed above, three-quarters of width below, receiv-

ing first recurrent nervure far beyond the middle; third submarginal

cell much narrowed above; basal nervure well basad of transverso-

medial nervure.

Color black with the following yellow maculations: mandibles

except apices; labrum; clypeus except emarginated medial upper

part; lateral face marks, broad-triangular below, upper portion nar-

row, not quite reaching antennal basal line; scape in front; posterior

dorsal border of prothorax, interrupted medially; conspicuous spot

on lower anterior part of mesopleura; large, nearly coalesced spots,

on lobes of mesoscutellum; tubercles except somewhat anterior!}";

tegulas; anterior and intermediate femora in front and apex behind;

posterior femora with apical front and hind part only; tibiae and

tarsi except black stripe behind on posterior metatarsi; broad bands

on tergites 1-6, that on tergite 1 interrupted medially; broad band

on sternite 2 (possibly on the others if uncontracted) and greater

part of the ultimate sternite. Flagellum light red-brown, joints 1-3

blackened behind; apical margins of tergites and sternites somewhat

dark ferruginous, lighter on posterior ones. Described from one male.

Type, male, No. 1877, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Collected by

myself at Klamath Falls, Oregon, May 12, 1924.

APRIL, 1926]

DOANE MEALYBUGS

213

CONTROLLING MEALYBUGS ON ORNAMENTAL

PLANTS

BY R. W. DOANE

Stanford University

During the past few years the common mealybug, Pseudo-

coccus gahani, has been becoming more and more abundant

and destructive on the ornamental plants on the Stanford

Campus. Efforts were made to control it with the usual spray-

ing materials, such as some of the miscible oils, Blackleaf 40,

and soap solutions, but none of these seemed to do the work

satisfactorily. It seemed almost impossible to get the oils to

penetrate the cottony secretion that often covered the masses

of these insects when they were abundant on any particular

plant, and even when the insects could be hit individually with

the spray, they were not always killed. The same factors

seemed to keep the nicotine from giving a good killing. It

was found that the soap mixtures would dissolve this mealy

covering but that they would only kill a part of the insects.

After a series of experiments in which these different sprays,

used singly and in combination, were tried out, we finally hit

upon a combination which has given us very satisfactory results

here on the campus. I have not had an opportunity to make

any extensive tests to determine the most economical combina-

tion of these materials, but as soon as I found a combination

that would do the work I began using that as I was more

concerned in getting results than in keeping down the cost. It

is quite possible that less nicotine or less soap might be used

with equally good results. The combination that I now use is

as follows :

1 gallon Volk Oil, formerly known as “orange oil.”

lbs. Gold Dust Washing Powder,

pint Nicotine (Blackleaf 40).

50 gallons Water.

It seems that the efficacy of this combination depends upon

the fact that the soap solution will cut the secretions which are

covering the insects and the nicotine will then be able to reach

and destroy the insects, and the oil helps to make the material

penetrating. It has been used successfully on many kinds of

214

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

ornamental plants, particularly Choisya, Oregon Grape and

Pittosporum. In cases of very bad infestations we have some-

times found it necessary to make a second application before

the plants were thoroughly cleaned. One application on a badly

infested lemon tree gave very good results.

Some of the large Araucaria on the campus were very badly

infested with the golden mealybug, Pseiidococciis aurilanaHis.

At a time when many of the young mealybugs were wandering

over the leaves these trees were thoroughly sprayed with this

same material, using a spray-gun with a pressure of 250 to 300

pounds. This greatly improved the appearance of the trees

and killed most of the mealybugs, but another treatment was

necessary some weeks later as it was found that all of the

insects had not been reached at the time of the first spraying.

One of the great advantages of using this spray is that it

removes from the tree the sooty mold that grov/s in the

secretion of the mealybugs. This, of course, makes the trees

much brighter and cleaner.

AN ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE

The Entomological Society of London has sent out a sug-

gested entomological code compiled by the British National

Committee on Entomological Nomenclature. The adoption of

such a code, especially if approved by the International Com-

mittee on Zoological Nomenclature, would be a great help

toward unifying the nomenclature of our science.

Most of the thirty articles in the proposed code will doubt-

less meet with the hearty approval of American entomologists,

but one or two might with advantage be slightly modified.

Article 14, for instance, provides that names of a lower rank

than that of a subspecies shall have no status in nomenclature.

The term “variety” is not even mentioned in this code, but it

has been, and still is, largely used by certain entomologists, and

we are left in doubt as to its standing under the proposed code.

Frequently it is used in the sense of subspecies and in any

case cannot be ignored. For many years such names must be

APRIL, 1926] VAN DUZEE ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE

215

given subspecific rank or our nomenclature would soon be in

a condition of chaos.

-Article 20 provides that the law of priority obtains when any

stage in the life history of an insect is named before the adult,

a provision that opens the road to abuses that might easily prove

intolerable. Article 23 provides that if a genus is established

without the mention of a species the first reviser has the right

to select any species as the type, provided it agrees with the

original definition of the genus. Most American students would

accept this but would credit the genus to such reviser, a proce-

dure not mentioned but probably intended by this code. So long

as we employ genotypes for the final delimitation of our genera,

it is illogical to accept any generic concept that contains no

species that can be used as its type. If we are to accept genera

on their described characters alone, the naming of a genotype

is a superfluity, and that way lies chaos. With such a rule there

would be nothing to prevent any adventurer from naming up

a series of genera by assembling imaginary characters and

awaiting the discovery of some insect that would fit into his

concept. The correct naming of genotypes is probably the most

perplexing problem in nomenclature. There are cases such as

Myodocha Latr. where it is quite impossible to name a geno-

type without violating some rule of our zoological codes. In

such cases we must use common sense and possibly depend

upon later validation by some authoritative committee.

The constant splitting up of genera is a form of amusement

quite popular with a certain class of our entomologists. In

many cases these minute subdivisions, of both genera and spe-

cies, are but minor offshoots in a still plastic complex, that soon

will become extinct in the natural course of evolution, but for

the present they may be treated as subgenera or subspecies, and

thus serve a useful purpose in classification and at the same

time be ignored by the worker in economic entomology. It is

conceivable that to the student of evolution a few hundred

years hence the description of such minute subdivisions may

prove of the greatest value, while to us they are but a weari-

• ness. It is for us to select what we wish to use and leave the

rest to posterity. — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

The present number of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist closes

its second volume. The subscription list has shown a steady

growth during the year, and the third volume will start under

much improved conditions financially. For the completion of

this volume there was still a considerable deficit to be made up.

Members of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society have con-

tributed a part of the necessary funds, but the bulk of the deficit

was covered by a very generous check received from Mr. B.

Preston Clark and an emergency appropriation from the funds

of the Department of Entomology of the California Academy

of Science. Twenty- four extra pages, issued with Vol. II, to

cover two papers of unusual length, were paid for by the

authors and other friends of the journal. The numbers of this

volume have been mailed as follows: No. 1, August 27, 1925;

No. 2, January 16, 1926; No. 3, May 8, 1926; and No. 4,

July 14, 1926.

Among recent visitors at the entomological department of

the California Academy of Science may be mentioned Mr. M. C.

Van Duzee of Buffalo, New York; Dr. Carl J. Drake of the

Iowa Agricultural College; Mr. P. H. Timberlake of the Citrus

Experiment Station at Riverside, California; Mr. Otto Swezey

of the Hawaii Sugar Planters’ Association; Mr. G. M. List of

the Colorado Agricultural College ; and Prof. T. D. A. Cock-

erell of the University of Colorado. Mr, Van Duzee spent

several weeks working over certain families of the Diptera in

the Academy collection that were in need of revision ; Doctor

Drake studied our Tingids, Anthocorids and Gerrids, and Mr.

List our Cimicids.

Dr. and Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke left June 3 for two months’

collecting in the mountains of Colorado. Mr. C. L. Fox has

gone to England for a visit at his former home at Plymouth,

returning in October. He will do some collecting for the

Academy of Science while there.

INDEX TO VOLUME II

217

Acinopterus aridellus Osb., 22.

xA.crididas at light, 36.

.^noplex carpocapsas Curt., 185.

Agabus gelidus Fall, 142.

kenaiensis Fall, 141.

Agrotis scaramangoides B. and

B., 107.

Alaskan Coleoptera, 127, 191.

Amara consueta Fall, 135.

Amblyteles caeruleus Cr., 158.

zebratus Cr., 158.

Anilloferonia V. D., 115.

testacea, V. D., 116.

Anorthodes Sm., 19.

Anomiopsyllus californicus Bak.,

183.

Apanteles mimoristas Msb., 10.

Apelinus perpallidus Gah., 158.

Apion alaskanum Fall, 205.

Asphondylia opuntise Felt, 103.

Athetis Hbn., 19,

indigena B. and B., 20.

Atypha Hbn., 19.

Barnes, William, personals, 160.

Barnes and Benjamin, papers by,

12, 16, 63, 64, 81, 106, 111,

187, 188.

Beamer, R. H., paper by, 209.

Bembidion caerulescens V. D., 65.

concurrens, Fall, 134.

intermedium Kby., 133.

mckinleyi Fall, 132.

picipes Kby., 133.

rupicola Kby., 133.

utahensis V. D., 66.

yukonum Fall, 131.

Basinger’s Alaskan Diptera, 47.

Blaisdell, F. E., papers by, 77, 90.

Blaisdell, personals, 47, 160.

Blaisdell collection of Coleoptera,

84.

Brachymeria pedalis Cress., 4.

Cantharis mandibularis Kby., 154.

Carposapsa simsoni Busk, 92.

Casey, T. L., necrology, 90.

Celiptera valina Schs., 21.

Centipeds of Utah, 55.

Ceutorhynchus fulvotertius Fall,

206.

Chalcis pedalis Cress., 10.

Chamberlin, J. C., paper by, 85.

Chamberlin, R. V., paper by, 55.

Chamberlin, W. J., paper by, 23.

Chaoborus lacustris Frbn., 161.

Clark, B. P., personals, 216.

Cockerell, T. D. A., personals,

216.

Coelambus borealis Fall, 137.

Coleoptera of Alaska, 127, 191.

Colpodes rufiventris V. D., 120.

Corticaria arctophila Fall, 197.

cavicauda Fall, 198.

Crickets, abundance of, 92.

Cryptoternies hermsi Kby., 53.

Cymatodera decipiens Fall, 126.

Dactylopius confusus Ckl., 102.

tomentosus Lam., 100.

Davis, A. C., notes by, 126, 180,

210 .

Davis and Smith, paper by, 174.

Decaturia pectinalis B. and M.,

64.

DeOng, E. R., note by, 46.

Dibrachys boucheanus Rtz., 185.

Dicerca tenebrica Kby., 192.

Dicheirus blaisdelli, V. D., 125.

Diocalandra taitensis Guer., 51,

Doane, R. W., paper by, 213.

Dodge, Ralph E., necrology, 48.

Drake, C. J., personals, 216.

Dyschirius secretus Fall, 130.

Earwig, 45.

Eiphosoma bruesi Csh., 100.

Eleodes, list of, 77.

fenyesi Blaisd., 77.

sierra Blaisd., 78.

Engelhardt, G. P., personals, 48.

Entomological code, 214.

Ephestia elutella Hbn., 46.

Ephialtes behrensi Cress., 180,

sanguineipes Cress., 185.

Essig, E. O., notes by, 45, 92.

218

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Essig., E. O., paper by, 211.

Ethopolys parowanus Chnib., 57.

Euconnus longiceps Fall, 144.

Eupolia Sm., 17.

Euthysanius blaisdelli Tan., 188.

Evarthrus alabamse V. D., 118.

lodingi V. D., 118.

montanus V. D., 116.

Fall, paper by, 127, 191.

Fanning Islands, 49.

Ferris, G. F., personals, 47.

Flanders, S. E., paper by, 157.

Flanders, notes by, 92, 157, 185.

Forficula auricularia L., 45.

Fox, Carroll, paper by, 182.

Fox, C. L., paper by, 212.

Fox, C. L., personals, 47, 216.

Freeborn, S. R., paper by, 161.

Frontina aletiae Riley, 10.

Gallegos, J. M., necrology, 96.

Ganocapsus filiformis V. D., 22.

Garganus splendidus Dist., 22.

Geophilus shoshonesus Chmb., 59.

Giffard, W. M., personals, 48.

Graptolitha tarda B. and B., 13.

Griburius montezuma Suf., 209.

Haltica biemarginata Sa}'-, 46.

cupreolus Fall, 204.

tombacina Mann., 204.

Hamlin, J. C., note by, 54.

Hamlin, J. C., papers by, 1, 97.

Hapalotis Hbn., 19.

Harpalinffi, 65, 113.

Harpalus martini V. D., 124.

pacificus Fall, 136.

washingtoniensis V. D., 123.

Hepialus, 81.

mackiei B. and B., 82.

novigannus B. and B., 82.

roseicaput N. and D., 81.

Hermes, W. B., paper by, 49.

Homotropus decoratus Cress.,

158.

Hoplandrothrips sycamorensis

Mason, 155.

Hoplopsyllus minutus Fox, 185.

powers! Fox, 184.

Hopping, Ralph, personals, 96.

Hubbell, T. H., paper by, 39.

Hydroporus alaskanus Fall, 139.

recticollis Fall, 140.

yukonensis Fall, 138.

Hylastes yukonis Fall, 207.

Hypnoidus extricatus Fall, 191.

Hypolimnas bolina L., 160.

Hypophloeus praetermissus Fall.

199.

Kalotermes immigrans Snyd., 53.

Keifer, H. H., personals, 48.

Kessel, E. L., paper by, 159.

Kethops leioceps Chmb., 57.

Labops burmeisteri St., 163.

Laniifera cyclades Drc., 15.

Laphygma exigua Hbn., 45.

Larson, A. O., paper by, 93.

Lasiophticus pyrastri L., 159.

Lathridius carinifer Fall, 197.

cinnamopterus Mann., 197.

Lathrobium sewardi Fall, 148.

sollicitum. Fall, 147.

Lepidosaphes chinensis Chmb..

85.

Leptoglossus clypealis Held., 92.

LeptopS 3 dla ebrighti Fox, 182.

List, G. M., personals, 216.

Lophobius franciscffi Chmb., 56.

loganus Chmb., 55.

Lophoceramica artega Brns., 63.

eriopygoides B. and B., 63.

Luperina enargia B. and B., 109.

Macdougall, A. P., paper by, 165.

Macrosiphum audeni Med., 165.

bisensoriatum Med., 166.

fuscicornis Med., 167.

nigromaculosum Med., 168.

pyrifoliae Med., 169.

subviride Med., 170.

Macrotheca lecerfialis B. and B.,

64.

Martin, J. O., personals, 47.

INDEX TO VOLUME II

219

Mason, A. C., paper by, 155.

Mealybug control, 213.

Melanophila consputa Lee., 214.

Melitara prodenialis Wlk., 1.

ballii Zell., 54.

junctolineella Hist., 6.

Mesomiris albescens V. D., 35.

Millipeds of Utah, 55.

Minorista flavidissimalis Grt., 97,

roo.

Moulton, D., personals, 96.

Moneilema crassa Lee., 104.

Mylabris prolixus Fall, 204.

Nast, E. H., personals, 47.

Nebrissa Wlk., 19.

Neobaphion Blaisd., 80.

Neoborus illitus V. D., 92.

Nephelistis Hamp., 17.

Nomada klamathensis Fox, 212.

Nyctunguis molinor Chmb., 58.

Oabius paiutus Chmb., 55.

CEncyrtus moneilemae Ghn., 105.

Olyca see Melitara.

Omphalocera occidentalis B. and

B., 188.

Opuntia insects, 1, 54, 97.

Osborn, H., paper by, 22.

Papaipema dribi B. and B., 112.

Parajulus paiutus Chmb., 60.

Parasite notes, 157.

Pareniaca schwarzi Cwf., 5, 10.

Parker, J. B., personals, 48.

Parshley’s bibliography, 44.

Patroboidea V. D., 67.

rufa V. D., 69.

Pediculoides ventricosus Nwf., 93.

Perimegatoma perversa Fall, 194.

Peripsocus californicus Bnks, 87.

Phalacropsylla cummingi Fox,

182.

Philonthus fraternus Fall, 149.

septentrionis Fall, 149.

Phloeosinus cupressi Hpk., 46.

Phryganidea californica Pack.,

180.

Phytodecta notmani Sch., 202.

Piazza, E., necrology, 160.

Platynus prognathus V, D., 119.

Platyperigea alpha, B. and B.,

110 .

beta B. and B., 110.

canina Sm., 109.

Podabrus conspiratus Fall, 152.

fissilis Fall, 153.

tetragonoderus Fall, 152.

Polia falsa Grt., 107.

flavidens Grt., 187.

kappa B. and B., 12.

luteimacula B. and B., 16.

wyatti B. and B., 111.

Preparation of insects, 180.

Pristoceutophilus gaigei Hbl., 39.

Pseudanarta flavidens Grt., 187.

Pseudatrichia, key to, 164.

albocincta V. D., 164.

Pseudoptinus oviceps V. D., 121.

Pseudochseta argentifrons Coq.,

158.

Pterostichus beyeri V. D., 71.

brunneus Dej., 69.

falli V. D., 73.

lanei V. D., 76.

nigrocceruleus V. D., 70.

pacificus V. D., 114.

rufofemoralis V. D., 113.

termitiformis V. D., 74,

Rhizagrotis epipsilioides B. and

B., 106.

Rockwood, L. P., paper by, 36.

Scolopodendra utahana Chmb.,

58.

Scolytidse, 23.

Scydmaenus adjutor Fall, 144.

Scytonotus orthodox Chmb., 61.

Septis ona Sm., 108.

Sessinia collaris Shp., 54,

decolor Fairm., 54.

Shannon, R. C., paper by, 43.

Siphonaptera, 182,

Sphecomjda, 43.

dyari Shn., 43.

220

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. II, NO. 4

Spirostrephon utorum Chmb., 61.

Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald., 176.

intermedius D. and S., 178.

pictus Scud., 179.

Stretch, R. H., necrology, 160.

Swaine, J. M., personals, 96.

Swezey, Otto, personals, 216.

Tanner, V. M., paper by, 188.

Termites of Fanning Island, 53.

Tetropium alaskanum Fall, 201.

Tlialpius microcephalus V. D.,

122 .

Thrips, two new, 155.

Thysanoptera, 96.

Tidabius zionicus Chmb., 55.

Tillyard, R. J., personals, 160.

Timberlake, P. H., personals, 216.

Timochares ruptifasciatus PI., 12.

Tingupha australis Chmb., 62.

Trachykele nimbosa Fall, 126.

opulenta Fall, 126.

Trechus ruficollis V. D., 66.

Trichopolia Grt., 17.

suspicionis B. and B., 18.

Trogoderma sinistra Fall, 193.

Trogophloees alaskanus Fall, 146.

teres Fall, 146.

Tylobolus utahensis Chmb., 60.

Tyroglyphus farinae Deg., 92.

Underwoodia hespera Chmb., 63.

tida Chmb., 62.

Van Duzee, E. P., editorials, 47,

96, 160, 216.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 22,

44, 84, 163, 180, 214.

Van Duzee, E. P., paper by, 35.

Van Duzee, E. P., personals, 47.

Van Duzee collection of Hemip-

tera, 15.

Van Duzee, M. C., paper by, 164.

Van Duzee, M. C., personals, 216.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 46, 92,

95, 126, 214.

Van Dyke, E. C., paper by, 65,

113.

Van Dyke, personals, 47, 216.

Vanessa cardui L., 211.

Wachter, Sibyl, paper by, 87.

Williams, F. X., personals, 48.

Wright, W. S., note, 211.

Xanthothrix albipuncta B. and B.,

14.

Zaccotus matthewsi Lee., 95.

Zale norda Sm., 92.

Zarhipis riversi Horn, 210.

Zeugophora atra Fall, 203.

Zoological record, 11.

Zopliodia quadricolorella Dyar,

102.

ZA^gothrips californicus Mason,

156.

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