Vol. XXXVIII JANUARY, 1962 No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

CONTENTS

SCHUSTER & GRIGARICK — A revision of the genus Rhexidius Casey.... 1

MOORE & PARKER — A host of Pyria inaequidens (Dahlbom) 14

JEWETT — New stoneflies and records from the Pacific Coast of the

United States 15

THORP — Notes on the distributions of some bumblebees of western

North America 21

BOYLE— A new species of Triplax from Arizona 29

MIDDLEKAUFF — Notes and description of the previously unknown

male of Sirex longicauda Middlekauff 31

DENNING — New Trichoptera 33

PHILIP & STEFFAN — New North American Tabanidae. XIV 41

LINSLEY & MAC SWAIN — A new species of Sphecodogastra associated

with Oenothera in eastern Utah, New Mexico and western Texas 45

LINSLEY & MAC SWAIN — New species of Onagrandrena associated

with Oenothera in California, Nevada and Wyoming 49

XVI International Congress of Zoology 52

CHEMSAK & THORP — Note on the sleeping habits of males of

Melissodes robustior Cockerell 53

MIDDLEKAUFF — Emergence of Stromatium longicorne (Newman)

from an imported cypress chest 56

SCULLEN — Synonymical notes on the genus Cerceris — IV 57

EVANS — Notes on the biology and dispersal of Melanophila 59

MENKE — Notes on two species of sphecine wasps described by

H. T. Fernald from South America 63

BOOK NOTICES AND REVIEWS 28, 39, 40, 43, 48, 55, 62, 64, 73

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE ..44, 48, 73

PROCEEDINGS, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 1961 65

MORRIS ALBION STEWART 71

SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA • 1962

Published by the PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

in cooperation with THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XXXVIII January, 1962 No. 1

A REVISION OF THE GENUS RHEXIDIUS CASEY

(Coleoptera: Pselaphidae)

Robert 0. Schuster and Albert A. Grigarick

University of California , Davis

The genus Rhexidius was proposed by T. L. Casey in 1887 for

a single species, R. granulosus, described from specimens collected

at Alameda County, California. A second California species, R.

asperulus, was proposed for specimens from San Francisco and

Santa Cruz Counties by Casey in 1893. A number of eastern species

included in Rhexidius, if congeneric with R. caniculatus LeConte,

have been erroneously placed in the genus. The species described

by LeConte differs markedly in the structure of the aedeagus and

the postantennal apodemes, and in possessing glandular setae on

the dorsal surface of the head. These eastern species, therefore,

are not included, and this revision is restricted to the genus as

intended by Casey. Also doubtful is the placement of two species

from Mexico.

The species thus far discovered are restricted in distribution to

the Coast Range of California. Their occurrence north of the 40th

Parallel is considered unlikely since the area has been well col-

lected. The southernmost limit of distribution is presently near

Point Sur, but it should extend further south into the Santa Lucia

Range, an area that has not been collected. Insofar as the genus

apparently does not occur in the extreme north of California or in

the Sierras, it may not have been present in the Arcto-Tertiary

faunal intrusion, and might therefore be considered to have re-

cently evolved, in its present location, from Oropus ancestry.

Rhexidius is closely related to Oropus, differing mainly in the

structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus. It also differs in the

structure of the postantennal apodemes, and in the pronotal mar-

gins which are entirely crenulate and lack basolateral teeth. The

characters most useful for specific determination, as in Oropus,

are the sulci and setal patches of visible tergite IV. These charac-

ters are absent in the female. In Rhexidius, the aedeagi have suf-

ficient character to be of value in distinguishing species.

Assuming the small atrium in the base of the aedeagus always

to be ventral, the structure shows a sinistral or dextral orientation.

The form in which the large paramere is sinistral to the median

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

lobe is the most common. There is no basis in morphology or dis-

tribution to indicate the coexistence of sinistral and dextral species

which are identical in other respects. When a species is predomi-

nantly dextral, it is easily separated from sinistral species with

which it occurs by the shape of the aedeagus and by external

characters. Exact mirror images have been noted in the aedeagi

of the same species but the frequency of occurrence is very low.

Specimens of Rhexidius are red-brown, the legs not as dark as

the body, and the palpi, antennal club and tarsi are frequently

yellow.

Measurements of head length are made from the clypeus to

where the tempora join the neck and those of head width are

taken immediately behind the eyes but not including any facets.

The tergites are numbered as they appear, disregarding the first

actual tergite. Within a species, the mesocoxal cavities can be

broadly confluent or completely closed. Of value as a specific

character is the placement of the postcoxal apodemes which may

be directed to posterior or which may extend forward along the

mesocoxal cavities. In slide preparations, the tergites should be

separated from the sternites to facilitate the study of tergite IV.

The aedeagus is best isolated and mounted under a separate cover

glass.

In the distributional data, collectors’ names are abbreviated as

follows: S. F. Bailey (SFB), D. J. Burdick (DJB), W. C. Bentinck

(WCB) , J. S. Buckett (JSB), E. E. Gilbert (EEC), J. R. Heifer

(JRH), S. M. Fidel (SMF), H. B. Leech (HBL), D. D. Linsdale

(DDL), C. D. MacNeill (CDM) , G. A. Marsh (GAM), C. W.

O’Brien (CWO), V. D. Roth (VDR), R. 0. Schuster (ROS), N. A.

Walker (NAW), and M. S. Wasbauer (MSW).

The holotypes of all new species are slide-mounted males and

are deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San Fran-

cisco. Large paratypic series will be distributed among the Uni-

versity of California at Davis, the California Insect Survey, and

the collection of Dr. Orlando Park. Small series are retained by

the authors.

Key to Point-mounted Males

1 Metasternum with setate tumosity between metacoxae. 2

—Metasternum lacking setate tumosity between metacoxae 4

2 (1) Sulcus of tergite IV median, the microstetigerous area developed

as a median tubercule aggestus Schuster & Grigarick

—Sulcus of tergite IV otherwise; microsetigerous area not produced

January, 1962] schuster & grigarick — rhexidius

as a tubercule 3

3 (2) Sulcus of tergite IV deeply impressed along base of segment

— - crenatus Schuster & Grigarick

—Sulcus of tergite IV weakly and obliquely impressed each side

of center granulosus Casey

4 (1) Tergite IV lacking obvious sulcus 5

—Tergite IV with sulcus.. 6

5 (4) Eyes with about 30 facets, tergite IV appearing very short and

transverse impensus Schuster & Grigarick

-Eyes with less than 15 facets; occurring south of 38th Parallel

incomptus Schuster & Grigarick

—Eyes with less than 15 facets; occurring north of 38th Parallel

cuspidatus Schuster & Grigarick

6 (4) Sulcus of tergite IV deep, polished, oblique each side of center, or

sinuate if base of segment exposed asperulus Casey

—Sulcus of tergite IV somewhat variable but more basal in position;

most of tergite IV glabrous hispidus Schuster & Grigarick

—Sulcus of tergite IV shallow, transverse; basal half of tergite IV

glabrous glareosus Schuster & Grigarick

Rhexidius granulosus Casey

(Figs. 7, 8, 17)

Rhexidius granulosus Casey, 1887.

Male (slide). Head 198 M long x 259 m wide; eyes with 5 or 6 peripheral

facets; vertexal foveae on line through posterior fourth of eyes; length

antennal segment X 36 m, XI 136/l Pronotum 319 m long x 319 m wide. Brachyp-

terous. Elytra 353 m long. Profemural line 101 m long. Mesocoxal cavities

confluent, the postcoxal apodemes directed posteriorly; metasternum with

setate tumosity between metacoxae. Tergite I 182 m long x 381 m wide; median

basal impression of tergite I 141 m wide. Tergite IV 136 m long x 290 m wide,

evenly setate except for narrow sinuate area at base; microsetigerous area

118 m wide. Pitting of sternite V 272 m wide. Sternite VI 77 m long x 225 m wide.

Aedeagus 277 m long x 132 m wide, sinistral. Male (point-mount). Eyes with

about 15 facets. Tergite IV appears as long as III and is slightly impressed

each side of center; microsetigerous area visible beneath tergite III. Tumosity

of metasternum obvious. Sternite VI weakly impressed medially.

Female. Resembles male except: Lacking setate tumosity of metasternum

and sternite VI is shorter and not impressed medianly.

Distribution. — Alameda Co.: Oakland (or Hills Back of), 1$ II-5-53

(ROS), 45, 6 9 II-8-53 (ROS), 5$ 12 11-12-53 (ROS), 12 11-13-53

(WCB), 15 11-18-53 (ROS), 4 5,52 III-8-53 (ROS), 2$ 1-9-54 (GAM,

ROS), 15 V-26-55 (NAW). Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 15 11-15-53,

oak litter (GAM); Redwood Park, 5 5,42 V-18-53, redwood litter (EEG,

ROS), 10 5, 3 2 V-28-53 (EEG); Redwood Peak, 15 1-9-54 (ROS). San

Mateo Co.: 6 miles S.E. Half Moon Bay, 18 5, 23 2 XII-5-53 (VDR),

15 VI-1-57 (ROS), 2 5, 2 2 VII-21-57 (ROS), 7 5,62 IV-26-59 (ROS);

Santa Cruz Co.: Big Basin, 15 XII-23-53 (VDR).

The aedeagus of the holotype is comparable to the aedeagi of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

glareosus

Figs. 1-5, Rhexidius glareosus. 1, head; 2, labium and maxilla; 3. pronotum;

4, elytron; 5, meso- and metathorax.

January, 1962 ] schuster & grigarick — rhextdtus

12 asperulus

13 glareosus

14 cuspidatus

i \

15 hispidus

Fig. 6, dorsal aspect of Rhexidius sp. ; Figs. 7-16, aedeagi, species as indicated.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

specimens from Alameda County (Fig. 7) from which the re-

description was made. In populations from San Mateo and Santa

Cruz Counties, the left side of the median lobe shows a wider

area of sclerotization (Fig. 8). These populations are considered

to be conspecific with the Alameda population as the magnitude

of the difference between the aedeagi, although consistent, is not

great. The aedeagus (Fig. 8) of a specimen from San Mateo

County is dextral, the only exception noted for this normally sinis-

tral species.

Rhexidius crenatus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 9, 18)

Male (slide): — Head 202 /* long x 279 /* wide; eyes with 6 peripheral

facets: vertexal foveae on line through posterior fifth of eyes; length antennal

segment X 33/*, XI 136/*. Pronotum 323/* long x 340/* wide. Brachypterous.

Elytra 360/* long. Profemoral line 118/* long. Mesocoxal cavities slightly

confluent, the postcoxal apodemes directed forward; metasternum with

setate tumosity between metacoxae. Tergite I 163 /* long x 363/* wide; median

basal impression of tergite I 136/* wide. Tergite IV 104/* long x 296/t wide,

setate in distal half except laterally where setae extend to base; microseti-

gerous area 118/* wide. Pitting of sternite V 275/* wide. Sternite VI 77/*

long x 246/* wide. Aedeagus 286/t long x 118/* wide, sinistral. Male (point-

mount). — Eyes with about 20 facets. Tergite IV appears as long as III and

is deeply impressed in middle three- fifths; microsetigerous area visible

beneath tergite III. Tumosity of metasternum obvious. Sternite VI weakly

impressed medianly.

Female . — Resembles the male except: Eyes with 15-16 facets. Lacking

sulcus of tergite IV and setate tumosity of metasternum. Sternite VI is

shorter.

Holotype male and five paratype males are from two miles

south of Olema, Marin County, California, November 1, 1953

(R. O. Schuster). Additional specimens not included in the type

series were from: same locality, 11 ?. Santa Cruz County; Big

Basin, 1 cf , December 23, 1953 (VDR).

This species is distinguished from R. granulosus by the shorter

tergite IV, by the deep transverse sulcus, and by the postcoxal

apodemes which are transverse or point forward along the coxal

cavities. The single specimen from Big Basin is distinguishable

from the specimens taken at Olema and its conspecific status is

questionable.

Rhexidius aggestus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 10, 19)

Male (slide). — Head 188/* long x 255/t wide; eyes with 4 or 5 peripheral

facets; vertexal foveae on line through posterior sixth of eyes; length antennal

segment X 44/* long, XI 131/* long. Pronotum 312/* long x 322/* wide.

January, 1962 ] schuster & grigarick — rhexidius

18 crenatui

25 impensus

Figs. 17-25. fourth tergites of males, species as indicated.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Brachypterous. Elytra 322 a long. Profemoral line 101a long. Mesocoxal

cavities confluent, the postcoxal apodemes directed posteriorly, overlapping;

setate tumosity of metasternum reduced. Tergite I 184a long x 380a wide;

median basal impression of tergite I 136 A wide. Tergite IV 134 A long x 306 a

wide, microsetigerous area 57 A wide; distal half of tergite IV covered by

normal setae, a greater area laterally. Pitting of sternite V 249a wide. Sternite

VI 64a long x 222a wide. Aedeagus 185a long x 101a wide; sinistral. Male

(point-mount). — Eyes small with 10-11 facets. Tergite IV basally with pro-

curved, deep, polished sulcus with a median setate tubercule. Sternite VI

very short, apparently not impressed. Setate tubercule between metacoxae

very reduced or obsolete on some individuals.

Female unknown.

Holotype male and 17 paratype males are from Boulder Creek,

Santa Cruz County, California, December 23, 1953 (Y. D.

Roth). Additional paratypes were from: Santa Cruz County: Big

Basin, 19 <$ March 28, 1951 (JRH) ; Ben Lomond, 1 <$ January

22, 1955 (MSW) . San Mateo County, 6 miles southeast Half Moon

Bay, 2 cT, April 26, 1959 (ROS), 18 cf, December 5, 1953

(VDR) . On additional male, not a paratype, from Mt. Madonna,

Santa Clara County, January 2, 1954 (DJB).

The occurrence of the mircosetigerous area as a central tumosity

distinguishes this species. These microsetae are of a different thick-

ness at some localities and the setate tumosity of the metasternum

is weakly developed at the Half Moon Bay locality.

Rhexidius incomptus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 11, 20)

Male (slide). — Head 208a long x 282a wide; eyes with 5 peripheral

facets; vertexal foveae on line through posterior fourth of eyes; length an-

tennal segment X 55a, XI 150a. Pronotum 349a long x 336a wide. Brachyp-

terous. Elytra 370a long. Profemoral line 114a long. Mesocoxal cavities

contiguous, the postcoxal apodemes directed forward along inner edge of

coxal cavities; metasternum lacking setate tumosity between metacoxae.

Tergite I 409a wide, median impression of tergite I 154a wide. Tergite IV

135a long x 353a wide; tergite IV lacking microsetigerous area, uniformly

covered by normal setae. Pitting of sternite V 310a wide; VI unknown.

Aedeagus 385a long x 185a wide, dextral. Male (point-mount). — Eyes small,

nearly circular, with 10 or 11 facets. Tergite IV lacking sulcus and microsetig-

erous area. Metasternum shallowly impressed, lacking setate tumosity. Ster-

nite VI medianly impressed.

Female . — Resembles the male except: Eyes with about 9 facets.

Holotype male and five paratypes (2cT, 3$) are from seven

miles south Point Sur, Monterey County, California, De-

cember 22, 1953 (V. D. Roth). One additional female from Big

Sur State Park, Pfeiffer, Monterey County, August 30, 1956

(NAW).

January, 1962 ] schuster & grigarick — rhexidius

On the basis of key characters, this species is similar only to

R. cuspidatus. Rhexidius incomptus occurs at the southern extent

of the generic range, R. cuspidatus at the northern extent. R.

incomptus is a slightly larger species, the aedeagus is distinctive

in shape and is dextral. There is less deflection of the abdomen as

compared with R. cuspidatus. Two males were slide-mounted. In

one, the aedeagus was sinistral, and in the other it was dextral.

Rhexidius asperulus Casey

(Figs. 12, 21)

Rhexidius asperulus Casey, 1893

Male (slide). — Head 208,tt long x 289/U wide; eyes with about 8 peri-

pheral facets; vertexal fovae on line through posterior fourth of eyes; length

antennal segment X 37/y XI 134^. Pronotum 343/i long x 349/i wide.

Brachypterous. Elytra 386^ long. Prefemoral line 124^ long. Mesocoxal

cavities narrowly confluent, the postcoxal apodemes directed forward along

inner edge of coxal cavities; metasternum lacking setate tumosity. Tergite

I 202 p< long x 417/i wide; median basal impression of tergite I 168/x wide.

Tergite IV 124/x long x 326/x wide, the first row of setae in sinuate pattern;

microsetigerous area 178^ wide. Sternite V with row of pits 252^ wide.

Sternite VI 74,a long x 252/i wide. Aedeagus 276/* long x 128^ wide, sinistral.

Male (point-mount). — Eyes with 35-40 facets. Tergite IV with deeply im-

pressed, polished sulcus; microsetigerous area visible beneath tergite III.

Metasternum not tuberculate. Sternite VI not appreciably impressed.

Female . — Resembles male except: Eyes smaller, with 15-17 facets. Sulcus

and microsetigerous area lacking.

Distribution . — Marin Co.: Alpine Lake, 1$, 1$ VI-18-53 (CDM, ROS) ;

Hicks Mountain, 2 d , 8 9 VI-29-58 (JSB) ; Mill Valley, 19 VI-14-52 (HBL),

2$, 2 9 IX-2-53 (GAM, ROS); Samuel P. Taylor State Park, 12$, 119

X-24-53 (VDR), 15 d, 25 9 XI-1-53 (GAM, VDR, ROS), 1$, 2 9 XI-8-53

(VDR, ROS), 2 $ VII-5-59 (CWO), Id XII-6-58 (CWO), 2$ XII-13-58

(CWO), 1$ 1-17-59 (CWO); 2 miles south Olema, 1 9 XI-1-53 (ROS);

Woodacre, 1$ XI-1-53 (ROS); Napa Co., Mt. St. Helena, 19 XII-31-53

(GAM, VDR, ROS). San Mateo Co.: Kings Mtn., Id IX-1-58 (ROS); 6

miles southeast Half Moon Bay, 1$ VI-1-57 (ROS). Santa Clara Co.:

Stevens Creek, 2d, 7 9 VI-2-57 (ROS), 4$, 2 9 VII-27-57 (GAM); Holy

City, 8d, 10 9 III-27-54 (JRH) ; Mt. Madonna, 5 d , 4 9 II-7-59 (DJB). Santa

Cruz Co.: Big Basin, 19 XII-23-52 (VDR); Ben Lomond, 2d 1-22-55

(MSW) ; 12 miles north Boulder Creek, 2 d , 7 9 1-22-55 (DJB) ; Mt. Hermon,

Id, 3 9 III-6-55 (DJB); Santa Cruz, Id XII-23-53 (VDR), 3d, 2 9 III-

27-54 (JRH), 6 miles north Santa Cruz, 2d III-27-54 (JRH); 9 miles

northeast Soquel, 6$, 15 9 XII-31-56 (SMF).

The males of this species are distinguished by the large eyes, by

the absence of a metasternal tumosity and by the large, sinuate

tergal sulcus. The redescription was based on specimens from

Santa Cruz County. The aedeagi of these specimens are com-

parable to that of the Casey holotype.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Rhexidius glareosus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 1-5, 13, 22)

Male (slide). — Head 202 g long x 276/U wide; eyes with about 8 peripheral

facets; vertexal fovae on line through posterior fourth of eyes; antennal

segment X 44j« long, XI 134m. Pronotum 322/x long x 339 p wide. Winged.

Elytra 430 fJ. long. Profemoral line 104/ti long. Mesocoxal cavities contiguous,

the postcoxal apodemes directed forward along inner edge of coxal cavities.

Median basal impression of tergite I 151/x wide. Tergite IV with microseti-

gerous area 124^ wide ; distal half of tergite IV uniformly covered by normal

setae. Sternite V with pitting 285g wide; VI 71/U long x 235/x wide. Aedeagus

164,a long x 84 fi wide, sinistral.

Male (point-mount). — Eyes with about 20 facets. Tergite IV with weak

sulcus; basal half of tergite IV glabrous, the microsetigerous area not

apparent. Tergite VI slightly impressed medianly.

Female . — Resembles the male except: Eyes with about 15 facets. Tergites

III and IV of subequal length. Sternite VI without, or with very slight

median impression.

Holotype male and 122 paratype males are from Samuel P.

Taylor State Park, Marin County, California, November 1,

1953 (G. A. Marsh, V. D. Roth, and R. 0. Schuster). Additional

specimens not considered paratypes were from: Marin County:

Samuel P. Taylor St. Park, 42 cf, 59 9 X-24-53 (YDR), 136 9

XI-1-53 (GAM, YDR, ROS), 18 cf, 59 9 XI-8-53 (VDR, ROS),

1 cf, 1 9 XII-13-54 (JRH), 14 cf, 14 9 VII 5-56 (EEG) , 1 9

II-3-58 (JRH), 1 cf, 5 9 1-17-59 (CWO) ; Alpine Lake, 5 cf,

22 9 VI-18-53 (CDM, ROS) 2 miles west Alpine Lake 2 cf , 9 9

VII-18-53 (ROS) Mill Valley, 7 cf , 12 9 IX-2-53 (GAM, ROS)

Sonoma County: Armstrong Redwoods St. Park, 1 9 IH-14-54

(JRH); Mark West Resort, 1 9 III-4-54 (JRH), 2 9 1-22-58

(ROS) ; Mark West Springs 5 cf , XII-31-53 (GAM, VDR, ROS) ;

Petrified Forest, 4 cf XI -21-53 (JRH). Napa County: Calistoga,

1 9 IV-23-57 (SFB) ; Mt. St. Helena, 7 cf , 23 9 XII-31-53 (GAM,

VDR, ROS), 7 cf, 6 9 II-7-55 (JRH); 2 miles west Oakville,

2 cf XII-31-53 (GAM, VDR, ROS).

The males are distinguished by a transverse, shallow sulcus. The

depth of the sulcus is much less than that of R. crenatus. R.

glareosus lacks the metasternal tumosity of that species. Specimens

from Mark West in Sonoma County, appear to be R. glareosus

but the anterior part of tergite IV is not as shiny as specimens

from the type locality.

Rhexidius cuspidatus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 14, 23)

Male (slide). — Head 192,u long x 272 n wide; eyes with 3 or 4 peripheral

January, 1962] schuster & grigarick — rhexidius

facets; vertexal fovae on line with posterior eye margins; length antennal

segment X 44/t, XT 155/*. Pronotum 349/* long x 336/* wide. Brachypterous.

Elytra 336/* long. Profemoral line 101/* long. Mesocoxal cavities contiguous,

the postcoxal apodemes directed forward along inner edge of coxal cavities.

Tergite I 168/* long x 363/* wide; median basal impression 127/* wide. Tergite

IV 131/* long x 286/* wide, lacking microsetigerous area, rather uniformly

covered by normal setae. Sternite V with pitting 212/* wide. Sternite VI 81/*

long x 215/* wide. Aedeagus 188/* long x 84/* wide, sinistral. Male (point-

mount). — Eyes with 13-14 facets. Tergite IV appears as long or longer

than III, evenly setate, lacking sulcus and microsetigerous area. Metasternum

not tuberculate. Sternite VI medianly longitudinally impressed, tumid each

side of center. Abdomen more deflexed than usual for other species.

Female. — Resembles the male except: Eyes with 9 or 10 facets. Abdomen

not deflexed. Sternite VI not medianly impressed.

Holotype male (XI I -19-53) and 75 paratype males are from

Mendocino, Mendocino County, California, from 1954-1958

(J. R. Heifer). Additional specimens, not paratypes, are from:

Mendocino County: Caspar, 58 cf , 40 $ III -7 -54 (JRH);

Comptche, 4 9 VII-29-54 (JRH); Paul M. Dimmick Memorial

Grove St. Park, 2 9 IV-10-55 (JRH); Fort Bragg, 7 cf, 3 ¥

VI I -3-54 (JRH), 3 $ IV-20-56 (JRH), 3 cf, 1 ¥ 1-5-57 (JRH);

Little River, 5 cf VIII-4-57 (JRH), 2 cf , 1 ¥ 1-9-58 (JRH) ; Men-

docino, 2 ? XII-19-53 (JRH), 9 ¥ 11-14-54 (JRH), 6 2 VII-15-54

(JRH), 1 ? VII-29-54 (JRH), 5 ¥ XII-19-54 (JRH), 1-20-55

(JRH), 10 ¥ H-23-55 (JRH), 1 ¥ IV-24-55 (JRH), 2 ¥ H-27-57

(JRH), 2 ¥ IH-3-57 (JRH), 3 ¥ VIII-4-57 (JRH), 2 ¥ VIII-7-57

(JRH), 1 ¥ X- 14-57 (JRH), 1 ¥ XI -2-57 (JRH), 1 ¥ XII-26-57

(JRH), 2 ¥ III-15-58 (JRH) ; 4 miles west Navarro, 1 ¥ XII-26-54

(JRH). Napa County: Mt. St. Helena, 3 cf II-7-55 (JRH), 2 cf

II- 3-59 (ROS) ; Napa, 2 cf 11-3-59 (ROS) ; Oakville 18 cf 1 , 12 ¥

III- 14-54 (JRH). Sonoma County: Kruse Rhododendron Reserve

St. Park, 2 cf , 2 ¥ X-9-54 (CDM,ROS),7 cf, 2 ¥ 11-23-55 (JRH).

The small eyes, the lack of sulcus and metasternal tumosity, and

the setate, non-sulcate tergite IV separate the point-mounted males

of this species from others occurring north of San Francisco Bay.

Rhexidius hispidus Schuster and Grigarick ,new species

(Figs. 15, 24)

Male (slide). — Head 202/* long x 286/* wide; eyes with 6 or 7 peripheral

facets; vertexal foveae on line just before posterior margins of eyes; length

antenna] segment X 44/*, XI 134/t. Pronotum 336/* long x 343/* wide.

Brachypterous. Elytra 353/* long. Profemoral line 114/* long. Mesocoxal

cavities contiguous; postcoxal apodemes directed foi'ward along inner edge

of coxal cavities. Metasternum not tuberculate. Tergite I 175/* long x 403/*

Table 1. Summary of wing condition and aedeagal orientation.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

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wide; median basal impression 163m wide. Tergite IV 134/x long x 326m wide;

microsetigerous area 121^ wide; tergite IV medianly with normal setae only

in distal fourth. Sternite V with row of pits 319m wide; sternite VI 72m long

x 252m wide. Aedeagus 235^ long x 118m wide, dextral. Male (point-mount).

— Eyes with about 20 facets. Tergite IV with sulcus; microsetigerous area

plainly visible under margin of tergite III; glaborous except laterally and

a few setae along distal margin. Sternite VI not, or only vaguely impressed

medianly.

Female. — Similar to the male except: Eyes with 12-14 facets. Tergite IV

lacking sulcus.

Holotype male (X-19-57) and 73 paratype males are from

Mendocino, Mendocino County, California, from 1954-1958

(J. R. Heifer). Additional specimens, not paratypes, are from:

Lake County: 6 miles northwest Upper Lake, 1 cf , 7 9 11-12-55

(DJB). Mendoncino County: Anchor Bay, 2 cf, 1 9 11-23-55

(JRH) ; Caspar, 2 $ III-7-54 (JRH), 1 d\ 1 ? 11-10-56 (JRH) ;

Comptche, 11 cf , 10 $ VII-27-54 (JRH) ; PaulM. Dimmick Memo-

rial Grove St. Park, 11 cf , 1 9 VI-10-55 (JRH) ; Faulkner Park,

10 cf, 6 9 X-14-54 (JRH); Fort Bragg, 6 cf, 5 9 XII-24-54

(JRH); Mendocino, 1 $ X-14-54 (JRH), 2 9 11-23-55 (JRH),

4 ? IV-24-55 (JRH), 10 ? VI-2-55 (JRH), 14 $ 11-27-57 (JRH),

5 ? III-3-57 (JRH), 1 ? VI-6-57 (JRH, ROS) 6 9 VII-6-57

(JRH, ROS), 8 9 X-8-57 (JRH), 35 9 X-19-57 (JRH), 8 9 XII-

26-57 (JRH), 2 9 III- 15-58 (JRH) ; MacKerricher Beach St. Park,

2 cf, 1 9 HI-17-58 (JRH); 4 miles west Navarro, 10 cf, 1 9

XII-26-54 (JRH) ; Richardson Grove St. Park, 3 cf IX-9-58

(LMS) . Sonoma County: Armstrong Redwoods St. Park, 2 cf ,

1 9 HI-14-54 (JRH) ; Plantation, 3 cf 11-23-55 (JRH) ; Seaview,

1 cf , 1 9 H-23-55 (JRH) ; 10 miles west Skaggs Springs, 8 cf ,

8 9 IX-10-54 (JRH) ; Stewarts Points, 6 cf , 1 9 VI-24-54 (NAW).

Two parallel, sclerotized rods on the median lobe opposite the

paramere characterize the aedeagus. The fourth tergite which is

predominantly glabrous and the lack of a tumosity on the meta-

sternum identify the point-mounted males.

Rhexidius impensus Schuster and Grigarick, new species

(Figs. 6, 25)

Male (slide). — Head 218m long x 286 m wide; eyes with about 8 peripheral

facets; vertexal foveae on line through posterior fourth of eyes; length anten-

nal segment X 44m, XI 134m. Pronotum 336m long x 363/x wide. Winged.

Elytra 436m long. Profemoral line 121m long. Mesocoxal cavities contiguous,

the postcoxal apodemes directed forward along edge of coxal cavities;

Metasternum not tuberculate. Tergite I 212m long x 470m wide; median

basal impression of tergite I 155m wide. Tergite IV 148m long x 403m wide;

14 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

microsetigerous area 269 n wide, recurved, the setae sparse medianly; distal

two-thirds of tergite IV uniformly covered by normal setae. Sternite V with

a basal row of pitting 336(i wide. Sternite VI 74/U long x 286^ wide. Aedeagus

202 /i long x 111/* wide, dextral. Male (point-mount). — Eyes at least 30

facets. Tergite IV appears shorter than III, very wide, giving the abdomen

a truncate facies. Sulcus lacking and microsetigerous area not visible beneath

margin of tergite III.

Female . — Similar to the male except: Eyes with only 14-16 facets. Wings

not developed. Tergite IV lacking microsetigerous area.

Holotype male and 32 paratypes (7 cf , 25 $?) from Mt. George,

7 miles east of Napa, Napa County, California, February 14,

1954 (Wm. E. Ferguson). This species also has been taken from

the Putah Creek drainage west of the Berryessa Reservoir but the

specimens are not included in the type series.

The large eyes of the male, and the wide fourth tergite dis-

tinguish this species from R. cuspidatus, the only other species

found north of the 38th parallel which also lacks a sulcus on

tergite IV.

The approximate numbers of each sex, condition of wings on

males and orientation of the aedeagus are summarized in table 1.

Literature Cited

Casey, T. L.

1887. On some new North American Pselaphidae.

Calif. Acad. Sci., pp. 455-482.

1893. Coleop. Notices V.

Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. VII, pp. 281-606.

A HOST OF PYRIA INAEQUIDENS (DAHLBOM)

(Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) )

A number of specimens of Rygchium foraminatum scutel-

laris (Saussure) (Vespidae) were reared from old mud nests

of Sceliphron caementarium (Drury) (Sphecidae) at Davis,

California in November of 1960 by the authors.

Fourteen male and sixteen female specimens of R. f. scutel-

laris emerged from the series of nests. One of the cells was

occupied by a female of Pyria inaequidens (Dahlbom). The

chrysidid was in the bottom cell of a two cell series.

Bodenstein 1 lists no host for P. inaequidens and apparently this

is the first known host record. The authors are indebted to R. M.

Bohart for the identification of the wasps. — C. G. Moore and

F. D. Parker, University of California, Davis.

1 Bodenstein, W. G., 1951. Family Chrysididae. In Musebeck, C. F. W., et al., Hymenoptera of

America north of Mexico, synoptic catalog. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. No. 2, pp. 718-726.

January, 1962] jewett — new stoneflies

NEW STONEFLIES AND RECORDS FROM THE PACIFIC

COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

Stanley G. Jewett, Jr.

Portland , Oregon

Since publication of my two papers (Jewett, 1959, 1960) cover-

ing the Pacific Coast stoneflies, new distributional and taxonomic

data have been accumulated. This paper includes such informa-

tion for fifteen species, five of which are described as new.

I very much appreciate the kindness of the following individ-

uals for sending material for study: Miss Hilary A. Hacker, of

San Francisco, Mr. Hugh B. Leech, California Academy of Sci-

ences, and Dr. Dana L. Abell, Dartmouth College.

Financial support for the research upon which this paper is

based came from the National Science Foundation (grant NSF-

G12858) .

The material recorded is in my collection (SGJ) or that of the

California Academy of Sciences (CAS).

Nemoura cornuta Claassen

This species, common British Columbia and Oregon, is added

to the known Californian stonefly fauna with the following rec-

ord: Shasta Springs, head of Sacramento River, Siskiyou County,

June 24, 1960, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 1 male, 4 females (CAS).

Leuctra purcellana Neave

The following record extends the range of this species from

British Columbia to northeastern Oregon: Wallowa River above

Wallowa Lake, Wallowa County, May 31, 1960, S. G. Jewett, Jr.,

female (SGJ).

Capnia CONFUSA Claassen

This species, common in the Rocky Mountains from Alberta to

Wyoming, is now recorded from Oregon: Pine Creek, near Half-

way, Baker County, March 12, 1961, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 4 males,

2 females (SGJ).

Capnia disala Jewett, new species

Female . — Length of body (female holotype) 5.5 mm. Similar in general

morphological features, including sternal sclerotization, to most other species

in genus except apterous. Body and appendages heavily sclerotized, dark

brown on upper surfaces, lighter below. Bi'oad, unsclerotized stripe across

tergites 2 through 8. Posterior portion of eighth sternite modified to form

well-sclerotized broad subgenital plate, Figure 1, that occupies about %

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

width of sternite and extends beyond lateral borders. Ninth sternite unmodi-

fied and heavily sclerotized.

Holotype female . — Parker Creek, Marys Peak, Benton

County, Oregon, May 18, 1958, Hilary A. Hacker. Deposited in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

This species is distinguished from other described members of

the genus by the combination of the shape of the female subgenital

plate and in being apterous. Apparently it is unique also in having

complete sclerotization of the first abdominal tergite.

Capnia ensicala Jewett, new species

Male . — Length of body (male holotype) 6.5 mm. Similar in general mor-

phological features, including sternal sclerotization, to most other species in

the genus except that it is apterous. Body and appendages heavily sclerotized,

dark brown on upper surfaces, lighter below. First eight abdominal segments

without special modification ; ninth sternite without lobe ; no humps or knobs

on any tergites; medially shallow, lightly-sclerotized groove across tergites

8 and 9. Supra-anal process, Figure 2, reflexed, long, pointed, rather heavily

built, and reaching to posterior border of eighth tergite, 1.3 mm. in length.

Holotype male . — Boston Harbor, nine miles north of Olym-

pia, Thurston County, Washington, January 3, 1959, Hilary A.

Hacker.

In my key (Jewett, 1959: 43) to the males of Capnia occurring

in the Pacific Northwest, this species would go to zukeli Hanson

from which it differs in being apterous and in having a more

heavily built supra-anal process.

While searching for Carabid beetles Miss Hacker found this and

the foregoing species crawling near the edge of small streams.

Pteronarcella badia (Hagen)

This species, common in the Rocky Mountains, is added to the

known stonefly fauna of the Pacific Northwest with the following

records: Mouth of North Pine Creek, near Halfway, Baker County,

Oregon, May 11-14, 1959, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 2 males, 3 females

(SGJ) . Near mouth, Wildhorse River, Adams County, Idaho, May

26, 1959, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 2 males, 3 females, 5 exuviae (SGJ).

Arcynopteryx picticeps Hanson

Previously known from British Columbia and Oregon, this spe-

cies is now recorded for central California: Lee Vining, Mono

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1, Capnia disala Jewett, subgenital plate of holotype female. Fig. 2,

Capnia ensicala Jewett, male genitalia of holotype, lateral view. Fig. 3,

January, 1962] jewett — new stoneflies

Isoperla acula Jewett, head and pronotum; 3A, eighth sternite of male;

3B, subanal lobe of male. Fig. 4, Isoperla adunca Jewett, eighth sternite of

male ; 4A, subanal lobe of male ; 4B, aedeagal structure ; 4C, subgenital plate

of female. Fig. 5, Isoperla rainiera Jewett, subgenital plate of female. Fig.

6, Alloperla pastina Jewett, head; 6A, male genitalia, lateral view; 6B,

dorsal view of tip of supra-anal process; 6C, subgenital plate of female.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

County, June 1, 1936, Harry P. Chandler, female (CAS).

Rickera sorpta (Needham and Claassen), new combination

1925. Perla sorpta Needham and Claasen, p. 90.

1952. Isogenus sorpta, Ricker, p. 131.

1954. Rickera venusta Jewett, p. 176. New synonymy.

Study of additional material of Rickera venusta indicates that

it is a synonym of Perla sorpta Needham and Claassen. Dr. Wil-

liam E. Ricker kindly compared Oregon material in my collection

with an Oregon specimen that the late Dr. T. H. Frison compared

with the type of sorpta and agrees that it is conspecific. In Ricker’s

illustrations for this species (1952: 129), the head pattern is

similar to specimens which I have examined, but the broad central

stripe of the prothorax is normally of the same yellow color as

the head. Female specimens which I have studied have subgenital

plates like that illustrated by Needham and Claassen (1925: 341)

for the type of sorpta.

ISOGENUS (ISOGENOIDES ) FRONTALIS COLUBRINUS Hagen

As anticipated, this species, common to the northward, has now

been taken in California: Bank of Sacramento River, near Red

Bluff, Tehama County, April 12, 1960, S. G. Jewett, Jr., male, 11

exuviae (CAS).

Isogenus (Cultus) pilatus (Frison)

Another species, common from British Columbia to southern

Oregon, is now known to occur in California: American River,

at Kyburz, El Dorado County, June 19, 1960, S. G. Jewett, Jr.,

male (CAS) ; Richardson Springs, Glenn County, April 4, 1957,

S. G. Jewett, Jr., female (CAS) ; Truckee, Nevada County, June 19,

1927, Helen Van Duzee, 2 females (CAS).

Isoperla acula Jewett, new species

Male: — Length of wing tips 12 mm. Length of body 10 mm. General color

brownish yellow with distinctive head and pronotal color pattern, (Fig.

3A) . Median posterior area of ninth tergite with patch of short bristles.

Subanal lobes reflexed, long, cylindrical, sharply pointed, (Fig. 3B). Aedea-

gus with longitudinal, apparently cylindrical sclerotized structure that is

difficult to observe because of light pigmentation.

Holotype male and two paratype males. — Dry Creek, seven

MILES NORTHEAST OF ACADEMY, ELEVATION 800 FEET, FRESNO

County, California, April 19, 1955, D. L. Abell. An additional

male paratype with the same data except April 16, 1955. Holotype

January, 1962]

JEWETT NEW STONEFLIES

deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

paratypes in my collection.

This species differs from described members of the genus in the

combination of the head and pronotal color pattern, the shape

and sclerotization of the lobe on the eighth sternite, and in other

details of the male genitalia. The subanal lobes are similar to those

of Isoperla marmorata (Needham and Claassen), but the species

is readily differentiated by the wholly hyaline wings.

Isoperla adunca Jewett, new species

General color of body, appendages, and wings yellow brown, abdomen

lighter. Head and pronotum without distinctive pattern, generally pigmented

brown, darkest in ocellar area. Wings uniformly brownish.

Male . — Length to wing tips 9-10 mm. Length of body 8-9.5 mm. Eighth

sternite with distinctive lobe, (Fig. 4), similar to that of Isoperla denningi

Jewett. Hairs on tergites 8 and 9 unmodified. Subanal lobes strongly re-

flexed, blunt tips cylindrical, almost curled. Aedeagus with small distinctive

sclerotized process, (Fig. 4B), less than 0.3 mm. in length.

Female . — Length to wing tips 9-10.5 mm. Length of body 8-9.5 mm. Simi-

lar to male in general features, somewhat larger. Subgenital plate, (Fig. 4C),

extended about length of eigth sternite, well sclerotized, distal border broad-

ly notched. Sternites 9 and 10 conspicuously less sclerotized than eighth.

Holotype male, allotype female and 4 male and 7 female para-

types, FIVE MILES EAST OF Mt. HAMILTON, SANTA CLARA COUNTY,

California, May 31, 1949. An additional male specimen, not

included in the type series, has the following data: Trail, Jackson

County, Oregon, July 2, 1941, RMY. Holotype, allotype, and para-

types in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

paratypes in my collection.

Isoperla rainiera Jewett

This species occurs commonly in a small stream near timberline

on Mt. Hood, Oregon, where I have taken a series of both sexes

and the nymphs.

The female may be described as follows: Similar in color and

other morphological features to the male, but somewhat larger in

size. The subgenital plate (Fig. 5) is extended about half the length

of sternite 8, evenly rounded.

Allotype female, Tributary of Salmon River, Mt. Hood,

Clackamas County, Oregon, July 14, 1956, S. G. Jewett, Jr.

Deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

This species is close in appearance to Isoperla sordida Banks,

both usually being quite dark with the interocellar area blackish.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

The last two abdominal segments of fresh material of sordida is

yellowish, of rainiera, brownish like the other segments. The sub-

genital plates of the females are similar but that of rainiera is

longer

Utaperla sopladora Ricker

This rarely-collected but rather widespread species is now

recorded from Oregon: Pine Creek, near Halfway, Baker County,

May 27, 1959, S. G. Jewett, Jr., male (SGJ).

Alloperla (Sweltsa) pastina Jewett, new species

General color yellow brown. Head, (Fig. 6), with distinctive dark pattern,

a large dark area occupying the ocellar area and extending anteriorly across

most of clypeus. Pronotum margined in black and with many dark rugo-

sities. Abdomen with dorsal stripe medially on tergites 1 through 9. Body

with considerable brown pigment, especially appendages.

Male . — Length to wing tips 8.5 mm. Length of body 7 mm. Supra-anal

process arising from deep groove in tenth tergite, strongly reflexed, thin in

lateral view, tip broad, flattened horizontally, forming pair of stubby horns

distally, (Fig. 6A and 6B). Terminal tergites without knobs.

Female . — Length to wing tips 8 mm. Length of body 6mm. Subgenital

plate, (Fig. 6C), produced medially to narrow, rounded tip, distinctly

sclerotized, rather heart-shaped with small triangular sclerotized area either

side basally.

Holotype male and two paratype males, Savage Rapids Dam,

near Grants Pass, Josephine County, Oregon, May 4, 1959,

S. G. Jewett, Jr. Allotype female and paratype female, near mouth

of Rogue River, Curry County, July 3, 1949, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Holo-

type and allotype deposited in collection of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences, paratypes in my collection.

This species differs from other described members of the genus

in the distinctive head pattern and in details of the genitalia of

each sex.

Literature Cited

Jewett, Stanley G., Jr.

1954. New stoneflies from California and Oregon (Plecoptera) .

Pan-Pacific Ent., 30(3) : 167-179.

1959. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State

Monogr, Studies in Ent. 3:1-95.

1960. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of California. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv.

(6) : 125-177, Berkeley, California.

Needham, J. G. and P. W. Claassen

1925. A monograph of the Plecoptera or stoneflies of America north of

Mexico. Thomas Say Foundation, Ent. Soc. Amer. 2:1-397.

Ricker, W. E.

1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Indiana Univ. Publ. Science

Series, 18:1-220.

January, 1962]

THORP BOMBUS DISTRIBUTION

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SOME BUMBLEBEES

OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

(Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Robbin W. Thorp

University of California , Berkeley

In recent research on some western species of bumblebees, I

have found a number of geographic records which contribute sig-

nificantly to the distributional knowledge of these species as

summarized by Stephen (1957) . These include the first California,

Nevada and New Mexico records of Bombus (Pryobombus) sylvi-

cola Kirby, the first California records of B. ( Alpinobombus)

balteatus Dahlbom, and confirmation of the occurrence of B.

( Cullumcinobombus) rufocinctus var. henshawi Franklin in the San

Francisco Bay Area.

Bombus (Pyrobombus) sylvicola Kirby

The distribution of B. sylvicola is listed by Burks (1951: 1252)

as Pacific Coast, Oregon to Alaska; Rocky Mountain States, south

to Colorado, Canada. The varieties of B. sylvicola and their dis-

tributions are listed by that author as: var. gelidus, Alaska; var.

johanseni, North West Territories, Baffin Island; var. sculleni,

Oregon; and var. lutzi, Arizona.

Stephen (1957: 127) states: “Before me is a long series of

queens and workers from the higher elevations of eastern Cali-

fornia, determined as sylvicola and bearing striking resemblance

to that species. The absence of males prevents a positive species

association, but on the basis of the known range of sylvicola it is

very unlikely that these females belong to that species. It appears

that sylvicola is strictly a Boreal form and is sparingly distributed

along the Cascades as far south as Three Sisters , Oregon.” I have

examined this material through the kindness of Dr. Stephen and

have also studied several other collections from California which

include males, thus allowing me to make a positive assignment of

these specimens to the species sylvicola. Material examined is from

the following localities:

Alpine Co.: Higland Lake, 12, VIII-20-59 (P. M. Marsh, U.C.D.). 1

Hope Valley, 1 2, VII-9-48 (C. Chan, W.P.S.) ; 1 2, VII-18-48 (J. Abul-

hab, W.P.S.) .

Fresno Co.: Sixty-Lake Basin, 10,000 ft., 12, VIII-29-44 (E. I. Schlinger,

W.P.S.).

1 The abbreviations for the collections are as follows: California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco (C.A.S.); California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento (C.D.A.) ; California

Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley (C.I.S.) ; R. W. Thorp, Berkeley; (R.W.T.)

University of California, Davis (U.C.D.) ; and W. P. Stephen, Oregon State, Corvallis

(W.P.S.) . Specimens without these abbreviations are in the possession of their collectors.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek nr. Glacier Lodge, 8-11,000 ft., 45, VIII-1929

(Isabel McCraken, C.A.S. ). nr. Mono Pass, 12,000 ft., 4 5, VIII- 12 to

15-57 (C. D. MacNeill, C.A.S.) ; 7 $, 4 5, VIII-8-61 (C. D. MacNeill, D. C.

Rentz, M. R. Lundgren; C.A.S.); 2 5, VIII-8-61 (D C. Rentz, R.W.T.) ;

4 $ , 8 5, VIII-9-61 (C. D. MacNeill, C.A.S.). Ruby Lake, 11,500 ft.,

2 5, VIII-13-57 (C. D. MacNeill, C.A.S.); 10,000 ft., 33, 25, VIII-7-59

(M. Lundgren, R.W.T. ).

Mono Co.: Mt. Barcroft, White Mts., 12,500 ft., 1 $, VII-5-61 (R. R.

Friedricks, R.W.T.); 2 5, VII-21-61 (D. C. Rentz, R.W.T.). Blanco’s

Corral, White Mts., 10,000 ft., 2 $, VI-15-54 (D Burdick, C. D. MacNeill;

W.P.S.); 2 ?, VI-23-53 (D. D. Linsdale, R.W.T.); 6 9,1 5, VI-23 to

VII-20-53 (J. T. Brooks, W.P.S.) ; 7 9, VI-23 to VII-5-53 (W D. McLellan,

W.P.S.); 16 9, VI-24 to 30-53 (J. W. MacSwain, W.P.S.) ; 1 9, VII-1953

(N. Malley, W.P.S.) . Bodie 1 $ , 3 5 , VII-23-56 (G. I. Stage, R.W.T.) ; Cot-

tonwood Cr., 9,300 ft., 2 5, VII-10-61 (J. K. Drew, D. R. Miller; R.W.T.).

Crooked Cr., 10,150 ft., 4 9 , VII-5-61 (R. W. Thorp, R.W.T.) ; 15, VII-7-61

(D. R. Miller, R.W.T.). Leavitt Mdw., 2 5, VII-6-51 (D. P. Lawfer, S. M.

Kappos; W.P.S.). Rock Creek, 1 mi. W. Tom’s Place, 3 3,1 5, VIII-8-59

(D. C. Rentz). Saddlebag Lake, 1 5, VIII-31-36 ( ?, R.W.T.). Saddlebag

Lake, 1 mi. S., near Tioga Pass, 2 5, VII-15-61 (J. K. Drew, R.W.T.).

Sardine Crk., 8,500 ft., 1 5 , VI-28-51 (D. P. Lawfer, W.P.S.) ; 1 5, VII-6-51

(D. P. Lawfer, W.P.S.); 1 5, VII-18-51 (A. T. McClay, W.P.S.). Tioga

Pass, 1$, 45, VII-16-42 (W. E. Ferguson). White Mtn., 14,000 ft., 19

VII- 23-53 (W. D. McLellan, W.P.S.).

Shasta Co.: Hat Lake, Lassen Nat. Park, 19, VI-14-41 (P. D. Hurd,

W.P.S.).

Siskiyou Co.: Castle Lake, 35, VII-22 to VIII-11-58 (J. Powell, C.I.S.).

Tulare Co.: Bird Lake, 3 $ , 1 5 , VIII-21-32 (Isabel McCracken, C.A.S.).

Tuolumne Co.: Bumble Bee, 1 9, VI-28-51 (T. R. Haig, W.P.S.). Conness

Creek, Yosemite, 15, VII-24-36 (W. B. Herms, R.W.T.). Dana Fork, Tuo-

lumne R., Yosemite N.P., 10,000 ft. 15. VIII-7-59 (D. W. Price, U.C.D. ).

Mt. Dana, Yosemite, N.P., 11,000 ft., 15, VII-28-36 (C. Ahrens, R.W.T.).

Kennedy Mdw., 1 5, VII-29-59 (W. H. Lange U.C.D.). Kuna Crest, Yose-

mite N.P., 1 $, VIII-8-59 (D. W. Price, U.C.D.). Lyell Cyn., 1 5, VIII-17-47

(L. L. Jensen, W.P.S.). Sonora Pass, 9626 ft., 1 9, VI-26-37 (E. C. Van-

Dyke, C.A.S.) ; 34 9,5 5, VI-27 to VIII-18-51 (J. E. Balch, C. A. Downing,

S. M. Kappos, D. P. Lawfer, C. D. MacNeill, J. W. MacSwain, A. T. McClay,

R. W. Morgan, E. I. Schlinger; C.A.S., W.P.S.); 3 9, VII-30-54 (C. D.

MacNeill, C.A.S.); 16 $,22 5, VIII-25-55 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.) ;

6 $ , 3 5, IX-1-55 (W. E. Simonds, C.D.A.) ; 86 $,2 9 , 21 5, VII-29 to

VIII- 21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, M. Lundgren, J. W. MacSwain, C. W. O’Brien,

J. Powell, J. R. Powers, R. R. Snelling, G. I. Stage, R. W. Thorp ; C.I.S. ,

R.W.T.); 19, VI-26-60 (R.W. Thorp, R.W.T.); 1 $, 15, VIII-10-60 (D. L.

Palmquist) : nr. Sonora Peak, 11,000 ft., 2 5, VIII-10-57 (C. D. MacNeill,

C.A.S.); 1 9, IX-5-60 (D. C. Rentz, R.W.T.). 4.4 mi. W. Sonora Pass,

8,500 ft., 1 5, VII-29-59 (J. W. MacSwain, C..I.S.). Sonora Pass, 8-10,000

ft, 4 9, VII-10 to 11-57 (W. T. Crites U.C.D.).

I have also examined a worker of this species collected at

January, 1962 ]

THORP BOMBUS DISTRIBUTION

Truchas Peaks, Mora County, New Mexico, VIII-2-03 (W. P.

Cockerell), in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History

Survey, and I have two workers from Nevada as follows:

Elico Co.: Lamoille, 8 mi. S.E., Ruby Mts., 1 5, VII-17-61 (J. F. Law-

rence, R. W. T.). Lamoille, 14 mi. S.E., Ruby Mts., 1 5, VII-18-61 (J. F.

Lawrence, R.W.T.).

The above cited specimens exhibit variation in colorational pat-

tern. In the populations from the central Sierra Nevada there is

a tendency for replacement of the reddish hairs on the second and

third metasomal terga by black hairs. Some males in these popu-

lations lack reddish hairs on these terga and phenotypically re-

semble males of B. bifarius nearcticus Handlirsch, which occur

in many localities with B. sylvicola. However, males of these two

species may be readily distinguished by genitalic characters

(Stephen, 1957). The females usually have some reddish hairs, at

least on the apico-lateral margins of the second metasomal tergum.

The reddish hairs on specimens from the Sierra Nevada popula-

tions vary from a bright orange-red to a dark ferruginous.

The workers and queens from the White Mountains of Califor-

nia and the workers from the Ruby Mountains of Nevada possess

bright reddish hairs on the second and third metasomal terga and

thus more closely resemble specimens from the Rocky Mountains

of Colorado, than they do the Sierra Nevada populations.

All of the specimens I have seen from the principal cordilleran

systems of the western United States (Sierra Nevada, Great Basin

Mountains and Rocky Mountains) have shorter and less shaggy

pile than specimens from Point Barrow, Alaska and Fort Churchill,

Manitoba.

The correct taxonomic status of B. sylvicola has not been satisfac-

torily determined. For convenience, I am following the consensus

of American workers over the past 50 years in calling this species

B. sylvicola. Many European authors consider B. sylvicola to be a

color form, race or subspecies of the Palaearctic B. lapponicus

Fabricius (Friese, 1902; Skorikov, 1937; Pittioni, 1942, 1943 and

Lindroth, 1957 ) . Consequently, these European authors accord

B. lapponicus a circumpolar distribution.

Bombus (Alpinobombus) balteatus Dahlbom

The North American distribution of B. balteatus is listed by

Burks (1951: 1253) as Rocky Mountain States, Canada and

Alaska, with the varieties arizonensis and alexanderi occurring in

Arizona. Franklin (1913) records this species from Truchas Peak,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

New Mexico, and I have examined a male from this locality in

the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey, collected

on August 2, 1903 by W. P. Cockerell. Richards (1927) in a review

of the subgenus Alpinobombus also records this species from

Greenland, Norway, Lapland, Novaya Semlya, and Kareginski Is.,

Kamtchatka. However, Pittioni (1942) says that the Greenland

and Novaya Semlya rceords pertain to B. arcticus Kirby and not to

B. balteatus. The lists of color forms and synonymies for this cir-

cumpolar species are extremely long and complex (Friese & Wag-

ner, 1912; Richards, 1927; Pittioni, 1942) and will require thor-

ough evaluation before the relationships of this and other species

of the subgenus Alpinobombus are understood.

Dr. W. P. Stephen has informed me in personal correspondence

that he did not include B. balteatus in his paper (Stephen, 1957)

because “all of the balteatus I have or have examined, occur from

middle British Columbia into the Arctic Tundra.”

California specimens of this species were found to be extremely

rare in collections; I have seen only seven specimens as follows:

Inyo Co.: nr. Mono Pass, 12,000 ft., 2 $ , VIII-8-61 (C. D. MacNeill, D. C.

Rentz, M. R. Lundgren; C.A.S., R.W.T.).

Mono Co.: Tioga Pass, 1 $, VII-16-42 (W. E. Ferguson, R.W.T.). Mt.

Barcroft Lab., White Mts., 9 airline mi. N. Inyo Co. line, 12,500 ft., 2 5 ,

VII-21-61 (J. Powell, C.I.S.).

Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, 1 $, VIII-15-59 (G. I. Stage & R. R. Snell-

ing, R.W.T.) ; and 1 $, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, R.W.T.).

The males were identified by means of the genitalic characters

figured by Richards ( 1927 ) . The slight color variation which exists

among the above cited specimens seems to reflect age and wear

rather than phenotypic variation.

Bombus (Cullumanobombus) RUFOCINCTUS VAR.

HENSHAWI Franklin

Franklin (1913) originally described B. henshawi from two

queen cotypes, one from San Francisco and one from Palo Alto,

California. He stated at that time “This species is very closely

allied to B. rufocinctus Cress., and it possible that extensive

collecting will show that it should be considered either a subspecies

or a color variant of that species.” Burks (1951: 1248), working

from manuscript notes of T. H. Frison, synonymized henshawi as

a color variety of rufocinctus. However, Stephen (1957) says:

“The broad gap between known California records of rufocinctus

and henshawi , and the fact that extensive collecting in the Bay

January, 1962]

THORP BOMBUS DISTRIBUTION

Area has not produced any specimens resembling rufocinctus or

henshawi , make me somewhat skeptical of Frison’s synonymy,

rufocinctus var. henshawi.”

I have seen many males, workers and some queens of rufocinctus

which were recently collected in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Although I have not been able to study the cotype queens of hen-

shawi, in spite of an intensive search for the one deposited at Stan-

ford University, several of the queens before me fit the description

given by Franklin (1913). The queen of henshawi is distinct from

other color variants of rufocinctus in that it lacks yellow pubes-

cence on the first and second metasomal terga. Of the seven queens

examined, three possess some yellow pubescence on these terga,

and four are typical B. henshawi Franklin. Among the workers

only one specimen fits the typical henshawi color pattern. The

other worker specimens exhibit the typical color pattern of iufo-

cinctus as redescribed by Franklin (1913). The males from the

Bay Area population show much variation in color, fitting the color

variants 1, 5 and 8 described by Franklin (1913).

Bombus rufocinctus Cresson exhibits polychromatic variation

throughout its geographic range. Several color forms may be

found in one nest (Stephen, 1957). The range of color variation

evident in the Bay Area specimens together with their morphologi-

cal agreement with other color forms of B. rufocinctus lead me to

accept Frison's synonymy of B. rufocinctus var. henshawi. The

collection data for the material I have examined are:

San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, 1 9, 11-16-61 (R. Brown, R.W.T.).

San Mateo Co.: San Bruno Mts., 4 $, VI-23-57 (D.C. Rentz, R.W.T.);

1 $, VII-13-57 (D. C. Rentz, R.W.T.) ; 87 $ , 35 9 , VII-2 to 19-60 (J. F.

Lawrence, J. R. Powers, G. I. Stage, and R. W. Thorp; mostly in R.W.T.) ;

1 9, 11-25-61 (J. A. Chemsak, R.W.T.) ; 6 9,4 9, HI-25 to V-7-61 (R.W.

Thorp, R.W.T.); 3 $, 8 9, VI-8 to VIII-18-61 (J. A. Chemsak, J. Powell,

R. W. Thorp; C.I.S., R.W.T.).

Discussion. — B. balteatus and B. sylvicola have been considered

as typically boreal species by most authors and the additional rec-

ords I have found in California, Nevada and New Mexico also

support this idea. However, varieties of both of these species have

been described by Frison (1923) from the Patagonia Mountains,

Arizona. I have studied the types of B. sylvicola var. lutzi (Frison) ,

and agree with Frison as to their species assignments. I also concur

with his statement that males are needed to decide definitely the

taxonomic status of these “varieties.” The Patagonia Mountain

area contains other apparently incongruous species representa-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

tives in other insect groups (Dr. P. D. Hurd, Jr., in litt.) and is in

need of further investigation.

It has been my experience that B. sylvicola and B. balteatus ,

although belonging to different subgenera, have similar distribu-

tional patterns and the two have been collected together at many

localities, especially in the United States. This is probably due to

the similarity in the ecological requirements of the two species.

Lutz and Cockerell (1920) have reviewed the North American

distributions of these species and additional records may be found

in Buckell (1951), Frison (1926, 1929), Henriksen (1937) and

Neave (1933). For Palaearctic records see the references to Euro-

pean authors under the species headings.

Frison (1923) advanced the hypothesis that B. sylvicola at

least “probably occurs in most of the high mountain ranges of

the western United States.” The new records listed above give

support to this hypothesis and show that it also pertains to B.

balteatus. However, there exist many distributional gaps for these

two species in California, Oregon, Nevada and Washington. Doubt-

less, their rarity at some localities is due to the lack of extensive

collecting in the higher elevations of these states. Collections, par-

ticularly of males, in these areas and in Arizona will prove very

useful in sovling the apparent distributional complexities of these

species. There is also a need for a comparative morphological and

colorational study of the evident variations throughout the geo-

graphic ranges of these species. This should help to determine

the correct taxonomic positions of the numerous variations. How-

ever, this will not be practical until large series, especially nest

samples, from many areas, are available. Also needed is a com-

parative study of the biologies of widely separated populations

(Alaskan vs. Arizonan, Sierran vs. Rocky Mountain, and Nearctic

vs. Palaearctic) in order to understand something of the evolution

within these species.

Similarly, extensive nest studies are needed on B. rufocinctus

Cresson throughout its range to determine the basis of the poly-

chromatic variability in this species, which may be due to simple

genetic alleles (Stephen, 1957), environmental influences (e. g.

temperature and moisture), or a more complex pattern involving

both of these possibilities.

Acknowledgments . — I wish to thank Dr. W. E. Ferguson, whose

material initiated this study; the following people for the loan of

specimens from the collections which follow their names, Dr.

January, 1962]

THORP BOMBUS DISTRIBUTION

C. D. MacNeill (California Academy of Sciences), Mr. A. T. Mc-

Clay (University of California, Davis), Dr. J. Powell (California

Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley), Dr. M. S.

Wasbauer (California Department of Agriculture) and Dr. W. P.

Stephen for the loan of material in his possession; the numerous

individuals who gave or loaned specimens from their private col-

lections; and Mrs. L. K. Gloyd, for permission to examine the

Frison types and other material in the collection of the Illinois

State Natural History Survey.

Literature Cited

Buckell, E. R.

1951. Records of bees from British Columbia: Bombidae. Proc. Ent.

Soc. Brit. Columbia, 47 : 7-24.

Burks, B. D

1951. Tribe Bombini. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, Hymenoptera

of America North of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. U.S.D.A. Agric.

Monogr., 2: 1247-1255.

Franklin, H. J.

1913. The Bombidae of the new world. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 38:

177-486.

Friese, H.

1902. In Rorner, F. and F. Schaudinn. Die arktischen Hymenopteren mit

Ausschluss der Tenthrediniden. Fauna Arctica, 2: 441-498, pi. III.

Friese, H. and F. von Wagner

1912. Zoologische Studien an Hummeln. II Die Hummeln der Arktis, des

Hochgebirges und der Steppe. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 15 (1) : 155-210,

pis. 5-9.

Frison, T. H.

1923. Systematic and biological notes on bumblebees (Bremidae: Hymen-

optera). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 48: 307-326.

1926. Descriptions and records of North American Bremidae, together

with notes on the synonymy of certain special (Hymenoptera). Ibid.,

52: 129-145.

1929. Additional descriptions, synonymy and records of North American

bumblebees (Hymenoptera. Bremidae). Ibid., 55: 103-118.

Henriicsen, K. L.

1937. Insects collected on the fifth Thule expedition. Rept. 5th Thule

Exp. 1921-24, Copenhagen, II (8) : 1-34.

Lindroth, C.

1957. The faunal connections between Europe and North America. Alm-

qvist and Wiksell, 344 pp.

Lutz, F. E. and T. D. A. Cockerell

1920. Notes on the distribution and bibliography of North American bees

of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae and

Anthophoridae. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42: 491-641.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Neave, F.

1933. The Bremidae of Manitoba. Canadian Jour. Res., 8: 62-72.

Pittioni, B.

1942. Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen.,

Apidae, Bombinae) I Teil. Mitt, konigl. naturw. Inst. Sofia, 15:

155-218.

1943. Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen.,

Apidae, Bombinae) II Teil. Ibid., 16: 1-78.

Richards, 0. W.

1927 (1931). Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus

L. Tromso Mus. Aarsheft., 50 (6) : 1-32.

Skoriicov, A. S.

1937. Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna.

Ent. Medd., Copenhagen. 20: 37-64.

Stephen, W. P.

1957. Bumble bees of western America ( Hymenoptera : Apoidea). Ore-

gon State Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 40, 163 pp.

BOOK NOTICES

THE APHIDOIDEA OF THE MIDDLE EAST. By F. S. Bodenheimer and

E. Swirski. Jerusalem: The Weizmann Science Press of Israel (available

from Interscience Publishers, Inc., 250 Fifth Ave., New York 1, N.Y.).

378 pp., 52 figs. 1957. $12.00.

An erudite treatment of a difficult group, for a region previously without

a major work on the subject. There is a list of the aphids of the Middle

East, two pages of definitions of the (many specialized) terms in aphid

morphology, physiology and ecology, and over 150 pages of detailed ecologi-

cal treatment. The keys to families, genera and species, with related figures,

comprise pp. 179-241, and are followed by a valuable annotated systematic

list of the species (245-332) and a list of host plants (335-350).

CHECK-LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCURRENCE OF IN-

SECTS IN BIRDS’ NESTS. By E. A. Hicks. Ames: The Iowa State

College Press. 681 pp. No date [issued in January, 1959]. $8.50.

A strongly bound and well printed book with over 2,000 entries covering

18 orders of insects and 26 orders of birds, from the literature of the past

150 years. Pages 17-330 cover the entomological check-list, pages 331-594

the ornithological, and there is a 78 page bibliography. Entries are alpha-

betical in each of the two classes, from ordinal names down. Undetermined

insects and nests have separate listings.

WONDER-WORKERS OF THE INSECT WORLD. By H. J. Herbert. Fore-

word by Lucy W. Clausen. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 300 Fourth

Ave. 160 pp.. 18 figs. September 17, 1960. $3.00.

A popularized retelling, in dramatic and at times anthropomorphic lan-

guage, of the activities of some interesting insects and spiders. — Hugh B.

Leech, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

January, 1962 ]

BOYLE-— NEW TRIPLAX

A NEW SPECIES OF TRIPLAX FROM ARIZONA 1

(Coleoptera: Erotylidae)

W. Wayne Boyle

Pennsylvania State University, University Park

The following new species belongs with those in species group

thoracica that have the elytra distinctly margined basally. It is ap-

parently more closely related to wehrlei than any other Nearctic

species and may be placed immediately thereafter in the putative

phylogenetic sequence of species in the author’s revision (Boyle,

1956) . The more obvious diagnostic characters of thompsoni are as

follows: It differs from a) wehrlei in having the mesothorax and

metathorax entirely black and the dorsal pubescence less distinct,

b) flavicollis in having the outer edges of the postmandibular

lobes straighter and more parallel and in geographical range,

c) both these species in having much coarser cephalic and pronotal

punctures, d) mesosternalis in having the mesothorax entirely

piceous or black and the prothorax entirely reddish yellow or

ferruginous, e) all three of the preceding in having shorter anten-

nae with the club abruptly three segmented, and f) other Nearctic

species of similar color pattern in having the elytra basally mar-

gined. In the author’s key to Nearctic species of Triplax {op. cit.,

p. 100), thompsoni keys out to flavicollis, from which it can be

distinguished as noted above.

Triplax thompsoni is apparently another of the several species

of Erotylidae that are basically Neotropical but range as far north

as Arizona. In the genus Triplax alone, this appears to be true for

two other species— marce'scens and wehrlei (three, if one includes

mesosternalis, which is known also from Colorado, New Mexico

and Kansas) . This description of thompsoni brings to nineteen the

total number of known Triplax species for America north of

Mexico.

Triplax thompsoni Boyle, new species

Color piceous to black, the following reddish yellow to ferruginous: head,

prothorax, and appendages except antennal clubs, which tend to be fusco-

piceous, and hind coxae. Head and pronotum coarsely punctured, latter some-

what less densely so; each puncture bearing a tiny but distinct seta that

slightly exceeds the puncture. Pronotum widest before base, sides arcu-

ately convergent anteriorly. Elytra margined basally (he., with subbasal

striole), somewhat more strongly nitidous that rest of body, striae rather

deeply impressed and formed of coarse punctures, intervals distinctly punc-

1 Authorized for publication on July 24, 1961 as paper No. 2582 in the journal series of the

Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

tulate. Antennae short, scarcely longer than half the width of pronotal base,

club three segmented. Postmandibular lobes with outer edges essentially

straight and parallel to feebly divergent posteriorly, undersid of head other-

wise similar to that of wehrlei (Boyle, 1956, fig. 84).

Measurements of type fin mm.): length, 3.04; maximum pro-

notal width, 1.41.

Variation: The observed size range, in millimeters, is 2.82 long

by 1.35 maximum pronotal width (female paratype) to 3.38 long

by 1.63 maximum pronotal width (the other female paratype) .

Male genitalia: The distinctive lyre-shaped anterior end of the

internal sac of the holotype is shown in figure 1. This structure,

as is usual for Triplax species, bears scant resemblance to that of

any other species (c/. Boyle, 1956, figs. 88-99).

Fig. 1. Triplax thompsoni Boyle, holotype male: anterior end of internal

sac, antero-dorsal view.

Holotype male , labelled “Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua

Mts., Arizona, 23-VIII-1959, W. W. Boyle, 5400 ft; Holotype

Triplax thompsoni Boyle/’ — John Hands Picnic Ground, Cave

Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona.

The type (to be deposited in the United States National Museum)

and paratypes were all taken on a small white gill fungus growing

on fallen oak limbs.

Two female paratypes labelled “25 mi. E. Payson [Gila County,

near Kohls Ranch] , Arizona, 2-VIII-1959, W. W. Boyle, 6500 ft.”

are in the author’s collection.

This species is nominally dedicated to Mr. D. Wayne Thompson,

close friend and camping companion of the author.

Literature Cited

Boyle, W. Wayne

1956. A revision of the Erotylidae of America north of Mexico (Coleop-

tera). Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist. 110 (Art. 2) : 61-172.

January, 1962]

MI DD LEKAU F F — SIR EX

NOTES AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVIOUSLY

UNKNOWN MALE OF SIREX LONGICAUDA

MIDDLEKAUFF

(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

Woodrow W. Middlekauff

University of California , Berkeley

When Sirex longicauda was first described (Middlekauff, 1948),

no male was available. It has remained unknown until a recent

series of collections by R. C. Hall 1 have made possible the associa-

tion of reared males and females.

A number of extensive forest fires in the Sierra Nevada of Cali-

fornia during three successive years (1959, 1960, 1961) have left

behind thousands of acres of fire-killed and damaged timber. The

Camptonville and Foresthill burns in 1959 and the Truckee burn

in 1960 each destroyed an estimated 6 to 8 million board feet. It

has also been estimated that, as a consequence, the Tahoe Na-

tional Forest has lost ten per cent of its merchantable timber

volume.

The proclivity of female siricids to oviposit in such dead and

injured trees, plus the nearly contiguous burns in the Tahoe Na-

tional Forest, have resulted in heavy outbreaks of these insects.

Much of this timber is salvagable and usable for certain types of

construction but the low unit value precludes the somewhat expen-

sive kiln drying process which would kill any siricids present.

Bulk fumigation under tarpaulins or in boxcars has not been ef-

fective. The presence of these insects in fire-salvaged timber has

had serious and far reaching repercussions from mill owners, con-

tractors and home owners. The entire salvage operation is threat-

ened as a consequence. Lumber from these salvage trees is fre-

quently used in home construction for such things as studs, joists

and subflooring. The larvae contained in this lumber complete

their life cycle and frequently emerge a year or so after the home

has been completed. The consternation of the home owner who

discovers these large insects emerging through plaster or panel

walls, hardwood floors, linoleum or wall-to-wall carpeting can

easily be imagined. The powerful mandibles of the adults permit

them to cut through very hard materials during emergence.

Sirex longicauda Middlekauff

Male. — Foresthill, Placer County, California, X-3-61 from fire-salvaged

1 Regional Office, U.S. Forest Service, San Francisco.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Abies concolor (coll. R. C. Hall, C.I.S.). Length 30 mm. Antennae, head,

thorax, abdominal segments I, II and VIII entirely, a large triangular area

on segment III, a small elongate streak on midline of dorsal segments IV-VII,

hind legs except last two tarsal segments, femora, tibiae and tarsi of fore and

mid legs, irridescent bluish-black. Remainder of abdomen and legs reddish

brown. Apex of fore and hind wings with a distinct, infuscated band.

Several other males lack the dark, elongate spots on the abdo-

men.

The reddish brown tibiae and tarsi of the fore and mid legs will

serve to separate males of longicauda from those of areolatus.

Males of S. behrensii have similarly colored legs but usually have

the antennae basally, an indefinite area behind the eyes and the

apex of the abdomen, reddish brown. The distinct, infuscated band

around the apex of the wings, the dark fore and mid femora and

apex of abdomen will separate longicauda from cyaneus.

Specimens described are in the collections of the California In-

sect Survey, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Sta-

tion (Berkeley) and of the author.

California records, in addition to those already reported (Mid-

dlekauff 1948, 1960), are as follows:

Nevada Co.: Nevada City, 2 9,4 $ $, IX-20-61, Abies concolor (R. C.

Hall) ; 4 mi. NE Nevada City, 4 9 9, X-14-61 (D. L. Wood and D. L. Dahl-

sten, from log decks with both white and red fir present) ; Truckee, 1 $,

X-12-61, Abies magnified (R. C. Hall).

Placer Co.: Volcano burn, Tahoe National Forest, near Foresthill, 16 9 9 ,

2 $ $ , X-3-61, Abies concolor (R. C .Hall) ; 4 9 9 , IX-22-61, Abies concolor

(R. C. Hall).

Yuba Co.: Camptonville, Sierra Mountain Mills, 2 $ $, X-9-61, from logs

of Abies concolor (R. C. Hall).

The Hall specimens all emerged or were removed from fire-

salvaged white fir timber or boards.

A considerable number of adult females were reported by Dr.

David L. Wood 2 ovipositing on the shady side of red and white

fir logs stacked in the lumber mill yards in Nevada City. No fe-

males were ovipositing on the sunny side, nor were they seen ovi-

positing in cut lumber.

Literature Cited

Middleicauff, Woodrow W.

1948. A new species of Sir ex from California. Pan Pac. Ent., 24(4) :

189-190.

1960. The siricid wood wasps of California. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv.,

6(4) :59-72, 2 pis.

2 Department of Entomology and Parisitology, University of California, Berkeley.

January, 1962 ]

DENNING NEW TRICHOPTERA

NEW TRICHOPTERA

D. G. Denning

Moraga , California

Recent examination of caddis fly collections from various parts

of North America has revealed several new and interesting spe-

cies. Six of these new species have been selected for descriptions

in this paper. Five of these species, one Chimarra, two Limnephilus

and two Lepidostoma represent additions to the already large

number of Trichoptera known to occur in western North America.

Types are either in the collection of the writer or the California

Academy of Sciences.

Gratefol acknowledgment is made to Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Smith-

sonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, who furnished me

with a seventh species, Lepidostoma bispinosa (Ulmer), so that it

could be compared to a closely related species desribed herein.

Genus Chimarra Stephens

The genus Chimarra is abundant and widespread with a large

number of species known from the tropical and subtropical regions

of the world. Twenty-five species are now known to occur in Mex-

ico, the West Indies, and the United States. The number of North

American species will increase as more collections become avail-

able from Mexico and Latin America.

Chimarra butleri Denning, new species

Although a member of the aterrima group, C. butleri bears very

little resemblance to other described species. Distinguishing char-

acters are confined to the clasper, the tenth tergite and the ninth

tergum of the male genitalia.

Male .- — Length 6-8 mm. Head, body, antenna and appendages uniformly

dark brown. Wings dark, pubescence of head and thorax brownish. Palpi

dark brown, second segment bearing a tuft of long black setae. Spurs 1-4-4.

Genitalia as in fig. 1. Ninth segment with ventral portion slightly wider than

remainder, mesal triangular projection not pronounced; dorsal portion nar-

row, projecting caudad beyond remainder of segment, widely separated on

dorsum (fig. 1C). Clasper with base narrow; from lateral aspect, fig. 1A,

ventral margin broadly arcuate, apex sub-triangular, dorsal portion truncate;

viewed from caudo-ventral aspect fig. IB, ventral margin dentate, heavily

sclerotized. Tenth tergite, lateral aspect, somewhat quadrangular, lightly

sclerotized, rounded and narrowed apically; viewed dorsally, fig. 1C, dorsum

membranous, lateral lobes narrow, terminating in an acute apex. Aedeagus

tubular, a pair of dark sclerotized slender rods present in main body which

project beyond tenth tergite plates.

Female . — Length 7 mm. Color and general structure very similar to male.

As is characteristic in the genus, genitalic characters are apparently not

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

sufficient to distinguish this species from other described species.

It is with pleasure that this Chimarra is named in honor of Dr.

G. D. Butler, University of Arizona Entomologist who collected

this interesting species.

Holotype male , Kings Canyon National Park, California,

Sheep Creek Campground, June 18, 1953, G. D. Butler. Allotype

female, same data as for holotype. Paratypes males and females

(14 c? c? 5 29$), same data as for holotype. The holotype and allo-

type are in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California.

Genus Limnephilus Leach

Schmid and other workers have proposed the division of Limne-

philus into: Anabolia , Asynarchus, Lenarchus and Lenarchulus.

At present, this has not received wide acceptance among the North

American workers. Regardless of the future placement of well over

100 species now ascribed to Limnephilus , the two species described

here are typical members of that genus.

Limnephilus peltus Denning, new species

This species belong to the moestus group, as shown by the long

blade-like clasper and tenth tergite. Within this group, which now

consists of seven western species, it bears closest resemblance to

moestus Banks. The narrower cercus and the basal projection of

the tenth tergite will quickly differentiate peltus from moestus and

other related species.

Male . — Length 13-15 mm. Color of head, body and appendage yellowish.

Fore wings yellowish with irregular dark markings at stigma and near apex.

Front basitarsus almost one and one-half times length of second segment.

Eighth tergite simple, similar to seventh. Genitalia as in fig. 2. Ninth segment

produced dorsad into a high, very narrow bridge; lateral portion merges im-

perceptibly with clasper. Clasper short, incised distally to form a dorsal

digitate-like lobe and a ventral lobe bearing 4-5 long setae. Cercus narrow

and long, longer than tenth tergite ; mesal surface heavily sclerotized, slightly

concave. Tenth tergite lobes massive; a prominent apically circular, pro-

tuberance arises from near base which is barely visible from lateral aspect

but plainly discernible from dorsal aspect (fig. 2B), or ventral aspect (fig.

2C) ; viewed laterally, fig. 2A, attenuated distally to an acute apex; distal

margin dark, heavily sclerotized. Aedeagus with lateral arm narrowed distally,

apical portion angled sharply dorsad.

Female . — Length 12-14 mm. General color and structure similar to male.

Genitalia (fig. 2D) with cercus long and narrow; tubular tenth tergite nar-

rowly excised, dorsum projecting caudad beyond remainder. Ninth sternum

with long narrow digitate protuberance projecting directly caudad beyond

remainder.

January, 1962] denning — new trichoptera 35

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1 , Chimarra butleri, male gentalia; 1A, lateral aspect; IB, clasper,

caudo-ventral aspect; 1C, tenth tergite, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2, Limnephilus

peltus, male genitalia; 2A, lateral aspect; 2B, tenth tergite, dorsal aspect;

2C, tenth tergite, ventral aspect; 2D, female genitalia, leteral aspect. Fig.

3, Lemnephilus tulatus, male genitalia; Fig. 3A, lateral aspect; 3B, aedeague,

lateral aspect; 3C, female genitalia, lateral aspect. Fig. 4, Lepidostoma alex-

anderi, male genitalia; Fig. 4A, lateral aspect; 4B, tenth tergite, dorsal as-

pect; 4C, female genitalia, spermatheca and subpenital plate. Fig. 5, Lepi-

dostoma leechi, male genitalia; 5A, laterial aspect; 5B, first antennal seg-

ment; 5C, tenth tergite, dorsal aspect. Fig. 6, Lepidostoma acarola, male

genitalia; 6A, lateral aspect, 6B, tenth tergite, dorsal aspect. Fig. 7, Lepidos-

toma bispinosa, male gentalia; 7A, lateral aspect; 7B, clasper ventral aspect;

7C, tenth tergite, dorsal aspect.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL; XXXVIII, NO. 1

Holotype male, Sequoia National Park, California, June 15,

1953, G. D. Butler. Allotype female, same data as for holotype.

Paratypes (9c? cf? 4$$) same data as the holotype; one male,

Lassen National Park, California, July 27, 1959, C. P. Alexander.

Holotype and allotype deposited in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Limnephilus tulatus Denning, new species

This species is closely related to lithus (Milne), a species which

has had no other known close relative. L. lithus is known to occur

in South Dakota, Texas and the Rocky Mountain area of Colorado,

at the present time L. tulatus is known to occur in the arid south-

ern portion of Arizona. The narrow cercus, quadrangular tenth

tergite and the slender finger-like process of the clasper will readily

separate this species from lithus.

Male . — Length 17 mm. Color of head, body and appendages rufus, wings

brownish and darkly irrorate. Front legs with basitarsus about one-third

length of second tarsal segment, the mesal surface of femur bearing a linear

row of black spinules opposing the tibia. Eighth tergite with an apico-mesal

cushion of minute spines. Genitalia as in fig. 3. Ninth segment robust, pro-

duced dorsad into a narrow bridge, ventral margin wide, merging impercept-

ibly with clasper. Clasper with dorsal margin projected dorso-caudad as a

long slender digitate apex. Cercus with distal margin deeply emarginate, the

structure thus becoming vary narrow and elongate when viewed laterally (fig.

3A) from caudal aspect mesal surface deeply concave, the meso-basal portion

produced caudad into a heavily sclerotized process closely appressed to the

tenth tergite lobe. Tenth tergite from lateral aspect (fig. 3A) consists of a

flattened quadrangular lobe. Aedeagus ( fig. 3B) apically blunt, lateral arm

sclerotized and of similar width throughout.

Female . — Length 18 mm. Color and general structure similar to male.

Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, ventral area broad. Cerci large, subtriangu-

lar, fused on meson. Tenth segment with dorsum projected caudad as a dark

sclerotized acute process (fig. 3C).

Holotype male, Sycamore Creek, near Ruby, Santa Cruz

County, Arizona, November 19, 1955, W. Nutting and F. Werner.

Allotype female, Tucson, Arizona, April 5, 1917, C. T. Vorhies.

Paratypes two males, same data as for allotype. Holotype and

allotype deposited in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Genus Lepidostoma Rambur

The genus is characterized by pronounced sexual dimorphism,

some members of the genus displaying the most bizarre characters

known in the Trichoptera. The following three new species will

bring to 50 the known North American Lepidostoma. Slightly over

January, 1962]

DENNING — NEW TRICHOPTERA

half the described species are known from western North America.

Characteristically, many of these species appear to be local in

distribution.

Lepidostoma alexanderi Denning, new species

This species is a member of the unicolor group of Lepidostoma ,

the predominant group in the genus. It may readily be distin-

guished from other described Lepidostoma by the serrate margin

of the tenth tergite.

Male . — Length 8-9mm. Wings, legs, antennae rufus. Front and hind wings

with no modifications. Maxillary palpus flattened, triangular, mesal surface

concave and bearing whitish scales Antennal first segment with mesal surface

excavated, bearing dense flattened setae and several tufts of long slender

black-tipped scales, otherwise no secondary modifications. Genitalia as in

fig. 4. Tenth tergite seen from dorsal aspect, fig. 4B, widely separated on

meson; apices attenuated and curved slightly mesad but not confluent.

Viewed laterally (fig. 4A), distal margin of tenth tergite serrate, usually

with 3 to 4 well-developed teeth and terminating in a long slender dorsad-

curved spine. Clasper rather short, projecting slightly beyond tenth tergite, it

is distinctive in that the apico-dorsal corner is developed into a digitate lobe ;

baso-dorsal process short and thick. Aedeagus bearing a pair of accuminate

rods, closely appressed to dorsal surface of structure.

Female . — Length 8 mm. Genitalia as in fig. 4C. Color, size, general appear-

ance similar to male. First antennal segment about swice length of head. No

secondary modifications. Spermatheca and subgenital plate as in fig. 4C.

Holotype made, Southwestern Research Station, Chirica-

hua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, August 7-12, 1957,

C. P. Alexander. Allotype female, same data as for holotype. Para-

types (4cT cf , 19$$) same data as the holotype. The Southwestern

Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History is

near Portal, Arizona.

This new Lepidostoma is named in honor of Dr. C. P. Alexander,

foremost authority of Tipulidae in the world, who collected this

and many other interesting specimens of Trichoptera in North

America.

Lepidostoma leechi Denning, new species

Only a few Lepidostoma are presently known from Mexico. L.

leechi belongs to the unicolor group with distinguishing characters

confined to the tenth tergite and the first antennal segment.

Male . — Length 11 mm. Wings, legs, antennae brownish, body black. Maxil-

lary palpus one segmented, elliptical and bearing dark setae ; mesal surface

concave, only the lower margin bearing a dense group of scale-like setae.

First antennal segment greatly elongated, mesal margin bearing a short, thick

process (fig. 5B). Spurs 2-4-4. Wing margin not reflexed and with no second-

ary modifications. Genitalia as in fig. 5. Tenth tergite, from lateral aspect,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

with dorso-caudal margin projecting ventro-caudad as a prominent, distinct

digitate process; ventral margin broadly arcuate; dorsal portion of structure

clothed with sparse, short, spine-like setae. Tenth tergite, from dorsal aspect

(fig. 5C), with lateral lobes separated and gradually divergent, nearly acute

apically, setae short and sparse. Claspers short and stocky, terminating in a

short bifid apex heavily clothed with setae; baso-lateral lobe very long,

slender, the lateral lobe short and closely appressed to main body; heavily

covered with long setae. Aedeagus arcuate, dorsal rods short, closely ap-

pressed to structure.

Holotype male, one mile west of La Marquesa, Mexico, ap-

proximately 9200 FEET ELEVATION (34 KILOMETERS WEST OF

Mexico, D.F.), December 8, 1948, H. B. Leech. Type deposited in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San Fran-

cisco, California.

This species is named in honor of Hugh B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, collector of this

and many other interesting caddisflies.

Lepidostoma acarola Denning, new species

This species is a member of the unicolor group with distinguish-

ing characters confined to the tenth tergite and other structures of

the distinctive male genitalia. This distinctive species does nat

appear to be closely related to any known species.

Male . — Length 9 mm. Body, antennae and appendages light brown. Wings

uniformly light brown except for a short black line at base of R. Maxillary

palpus one segmented, somewhat spatulate, bearing a dense brush of brown-

ish setae. First antennal segment very long but not modified. Wings not

reflexed and with no secondary modifications. Spurs 2-4-4. Genitalia as in

fig. 6. Tenth tergite, lateral aspect (fig. 6A), separated from ninth tergum by

a distinct furrow; ventral corner broadly rounded dorsad to form a promi-

nent curved spur, near dorsal corner a short dorsad-directed spur is barely

discernible. When viewed from dorsal aspect, dorsal lobes of tenth tergite

(fig. 6B) slightly emarginate, the short dorsal and long ventral spurs dis-

tinctly visible. Claspers short, apex constricted distally to a truncate apex;

baso-dorsal lobe with lateral lobe long and slender, appressed to dorsal mar-

gin of clasper and tapering gradually to an acute apex; dorsal lobe short and

slender. A very lightly sclerotized sheath extends from the tenth tergite to

the base of the claspers. Aedeagus bearing a pair of heavy flat rods, approxi-

mate most of distance, apical portion accuminate and projecting slightly

beyond apex of structure.

Female . — Length 9-11 mm. Color and general structure identical to male.

First antennal segment very long and slender, about twice the length of the

head, setation rather sparse. Seventh sternite unmodified except that the

apical margin is slightly emarginate. Eighth tergite unmodified, bearing one

row of long yellowish setae along the apical margin on each side of the

meson; sternite a wide somewhat quadrate sclerotized area. Ninth tergite

January, 1962]

DENNING NEW TRICHOPTERA

consists of a typical short fleshy lobe. To date diagnostic characters are

largely lacking for the females in this group.

Holotype male, Cochise County, Arizona, Southwestern

Research Station, five miles northwest of Portal, August 25,

1960, D. C. Rentz. Allotype female, same data as for holotype.

Paratypes (lcT, 1$) same data as the holotype. Holotype and

allotype deposited in the collection of the Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California.

Lepidostoma bispinosa (Ulmer)

This species is a member of the unicolor group of Lepidostoma.

It is readily distinguished from other described species by the

spines of the distal margin of the tenth tergite and the clasper.

Especially in the shape of the claspers, L. alexanderi Denning

bears closest resemblance to bispinosa (Ulmer).

Male — Length 10 mm. Wings, legs, antennae light brown. Front and hind

wings with no modifications. Maxillary palpus flattened, triangular, pubesence

fairly heavy. First antennal segment long but with no modifications.

Genitalia as in fig. 7. Tenth tergite, dorsal aspect (fig. 7C) with dorsal

and vertical spine plainly discernible as an acute apex, mesal lobes widely

separated. Tenth tergite viewed laterally, (fig. 7A) with distal margin

developed into a prominent dorsal spine, curved slightly cephalad, and

a strong basal spine consisting of three components. Clasper short, extend-

ing slightly beyond tenth tergite, dorsal lobe directed posteriorad as a

slender digitate process; baso-dorsal process with dorsal lobe short and

thick and the lateral lobe slender, truncate and closely appressed to main

body; seen from ventral aspect, (fig. 7B), the meso-apical corner projects

mesad as a short sub-acute lobe. Aedeagus arcuate possessing a dorsal pair of

acuminate rods closely appressed to main structure.

Described from a male collected at Cayuga, Guatemala, Schaus

and Barnes. The specimen was identified by Dr. Oliver S. Flint,

Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, who kindly

loaned it to the writer for inclusion in this paper.

BOOK NOTICES

A MONOGRAPH OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF NEOTROPICAL

TIMBER BEETLES (Cerambycidae) . By E. A. J. Duffy. London: British

Museum (Natural History). [7-j-] 327 pp., frontispiece, 176 figs, in text,

XIII pis. September, 1960. Price six pounds six shillings.

This is the third volume in a regional treatment of the immature stages

of the Cerambycidae of the world. The text figures, most by Mr. Duffy, are

clear and to the point; the plates illustrate chiefly larval work and pupal

cells. The identification keys are grouped on pp. 12-41, and preceded by

figures and explanations which enable the beginner to use them. This does

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

not mean that they are easy to use, for the subject is inherently difficult.

There are many detailed descriptions, original or from the literature ; in

other cases what is known of the distribution, host plants, biology, parasites,

economic importance and references is reported.

MITES OR THE ACARI. By T. E. Hughes. London: The Athlone Press,

University of London, viii 225 pp., including “plates” I-LII. June 18,

1959. $6.75. (Available from Essential Books, 16-00 Pollitt Dr., Fair

Lawn, N.J.).

A nicely produced book; unfortunately neither the nomenclature nor

the digest of literature appear to be up to date. — Hugh B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

BOOK REVIEW

CATALOGUS COLEOPTERORUM FENNOSCANDIAE ET DANIAE.

Auctoribus: V. Hansen, E. Klefbeck, 0. Sjoberg, G. Stenius et A. Strand.

Redigenda curavit: C. H. Lindroth. 476 pp. and 1 map. Entomologiska

Sallskapet, Lund. 1960. (Available from the Entomological Society,

Zoological Institute, Lund, Sweden; price: 50 Swedish Crowns.)

Students of Coleoptera, and especially of the geographical distribution

of beetles, will appreciate this excellent geographical catalogue. The classi-

fication adopted is that of Winkler and the species are listed in tables

extending over four pages capable of showing their presence or absence in

37 provinces in Norway, 31 in eastern Fennoscandia, 30 in Sweden and 3 in

Denmark, as well as their presence or absence in northern Germany and

the British Isles. For convenient reference the provinces are superimposed

in red on a general map of the region. Thus the extra-territorial user can

quickly determine the known distributional range in Scandinavia of any

species in which he is interested and the local collector, because of the

simple system used, can add records to his own copy with a maximum of ease.

This catalogue, like its predecessor, the 129 page Catalogus Coleopterorum

Daniae et Fennoscandiae published in 1939 by the Societas pro Fauna et

Flora Fennica, Helsingfors, is an international cooperative venture. Two of

the collaborators, the distinguished Danish Coleopterist Victor Hansen, author

of the beetle sections of Denmarks Fauna, and his Norwegian counterpart

Andreas Strand, author of many taxonomic revisions, participated actively

in the preparation of both editions. Both are amateurs, as is Gunnar Stenius

of Finland and the two Swedish authors Oscar Sjoberg and Einer Klefbeck.

Unfortunately Sjoberg died before the work was completed.

The volume has been beautifully edited by Professor Carl H. Lindroth,

Zoological Institute, University, Lund, Sweden and published by the Ento-

mological Society, Lund. Because of the special type of printing required,

the costs of publication were unusually high. However, financial support

was provided by the Rask-Orsted Foundation (Denmark), the State Board

of Natural Science (Finland), the Norwegian Board of General Science, and

the Swedish Natural Science Research Council — a model of international

cooperation! — E. Gorton Linsley, University of California, Berkeley.

January, 1962]

PHILIP & STEFFAN NEW TABANID

NEW NORTH AMERICAN TABANIDAE. XIV.

An undescribed Apatolestes from the California Coast

(Diptera)

Cornelius B. Philip 1 and Wallace A. Steffan 2

A male Apatolestes collected on the beach near Davenport, Cali-

fornia, by M. T. James, was described and keyed as “sp.B” by the

senior author in 1941 and keyed in 1954 as “probably n.sp.” It

was not named, however, pending discovery of a female which

could be associated, since that sex provides better diagnostic char-

acters in the genus. The locality was revisited subsequently by the

senior author and members of the California Academy of Sciences

in the appropriate season without acquiring further specimens.

A female related to A. colei Philip and provided in a lot of

Tabanidae by Dr. A. T. McClay of the University of California at

Davis appears to be properly associated, and the species is here-

with described as a new species. Whether this species is precinctive

on the California Coast will depend on the accumulation of addi-

tional material.

Apatolestes actites* Philip and Steffan, new species

(Fig. 1)

Female . — (Holotype, 16 mm). Eyes bare, with narrow, incomplete, median

green band on bronzy ground (relaxed). Post-ocular rim broad, with mostly

white and a few black hairs. Front wide and strongly divergent below as in

A. colei Phil., slightly wider at the lower, feebly-angled, inner corners of

eyes than tall; ash-gray pollinose and with short, sparse dark and pale

yellow hairs. Ocelligerous tubercle at vertex rather low, black, and with

three plain ocelli ; basal callosity small, rounded with a short dorsal exten-

sion, dark red, blackish on the disc. Subcallus gray pollinose, rather tall

but merging imperceptibly with the frons above and cheeks below (Fig. IB).

Face and cheeks gray pollinose, and with dense pale yellow to whitish hairs,

cheeks expanded and face sunken much as in A. colei (Philip, 1954, Fig. 1 b).

Antennae as in A. colei , the pale scape thicker than base of black flagellum,

basal vestiture with only an occasional black hair among the white ones.

Palpi a little shorter and thicker than A. colei, shaggy white hair obscuring

the shallow dorsal grooves. Indefinite pinkish integumental shadows in the

middle of the cheeks, narrowly along the proximal ocular margins, and on

each side of the ocelligerous tubercle at vertex. Notum, including antealar

tubercles and scutellum, subshiny black, with short white and black hairs,

and thinly dusted with gray pollen; a narrow, incomplete mid-dorsal gray

1 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Insti-

tutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain

Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana.

2 University of California, Berkeley, California.

* from Latin, shore-dweller.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Fig. 1. Head profiles of Apatolestes actites new species: A, male; B, female.

line. Scutellum densely white pilose on margins. Pleura and coxae ash-gray

pollinose, and densely whitish pilose, with a few darker hairs above. Legs

pinkish red, darker at the knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi; femora pale-haired,

somewhat long and feathered below, but not as noticeably beneath the hind-

tibiae as in the male; tibiae with mixed black and pale yellow short hairs;

middle and hind tarsi with rust-colored spinules ventrally. Wings clear,

veins yellow-brown, spur-vein at base of R* longer than stem, very faint

clouds on crossveins and fork. Subepaulets bare. Halteres with brown stems,

blackish knobs. Abdomen black, black-haired above, the incisures very

narrowly paler with narrow, pale-haired fringes dorsally which widen at the

sides, entirely pale-haired ventrally except for a few coarse black hairs

caudally.

Male . — (14 mm.). Enlarged facets occupy about upper three-fourths of

eye. Differs from holotype in the usual sexual characters and in overall

shaggier-haired appearance, especially on margins of notum and scutellum

and on face, palpi, femora and hind tibiae. Palpi obscured by bushy hairs,

not truncated as in some species but elongate and rather pointed as in A. colei

Philip.

Holotype female from Goleta, Santa Barbara County, Cali-

fornia, 22 June 1959 (F. D. Parker) is deposited in the California

Academy of Sciences. The collector and one of us (Steffan), col-

lecting together report that the specimen was probably taken in

the vicinity of the beach. The allotype is from Davenport, Cali-

fornia (14 June 1940, M. T. James) and is in the collections of the

U.S. National Museum. A female, additional to the holotype, of

A. colei from Oro Grande, California, 20 June 1931, in the collec-

tion of L. L. Pechuman, agrees closely with the holotype. The

January, 1962 ]

RECENT LITERATURE

callosity is shaped like a thin upright dagger with a narrow, lateral,

basal projection on each side.

Only the female of A. colei Philip has frons as wide as the above,

from which A. actites would quickly separate at couplet 10 (in

key, Philip, 1954) on blackish rather than hoary-gray appearance,

practically unlined notum, legs reddish rather than yellow, and a

larger, darker, more ovoid callosity. The males differ as keyed in

couplet 23; that of A. actites at once distinguished by its much

darker appearance; however, the cheeks are swollen to about the

same degree n both. No eye stripe was revivable in A. colei female.

In addition to being larger, the male of A. actites differs from that

of A. comastes var. fulvipes Philip in hyaline costal cell, bushier

appearance, and palpal integument not darkened.

„ „ „ Literature Cited

Philip, C. B.

1941. Notes on three western genera of flies (Diptera Tabanidae) . Bull.

Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 36: 185-199.

1954. New North American Tabanidae. VIII. Notes on and keys to the

genera and species of Pangoniinae exclusive of Chrysops. Rev.

Brasil. Entomologia, 2: 13-60.

RECENT LITERATURE

(The following titles are all from the serial “University of Cali-

fornia Publications in Entomology,” available from the University

of California Press, Berkeley 4, California.)

THE NORTH AMERICAN SAWFLIES OF THE GENERA ACANTHO-

LYDA, CEPHALGIA AND NEUROTOMA (Hymenoptera, Pamphilii-

dae). By W. W. Middlekauff. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 51-174, pis. 1-3, 105 text

figs. May 20, 1958. Price $2.50.

A REVISIONAL STUDY OF THE BEES OF THE GENUS PERDITA F.

SMITH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE O THE FAUNA OF THE

PACIFIC COAST (Hymenoptera, Apoidae) Part III. By P. H. Timber-

lake. 14 (5) : 303-410, pis. 4-15. October 10, 1958. $2.00.

(the same) Part IV. 17 (1) : 1-156, pis. 1-17. March 18, 1960. $3.00.

MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE GENUS NOMADOPSIS ASHMEAD

(Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). By J. G. Rozen, Jr. 15: iv -)- 202, 218 text

figs., 17 maps. September 30, 1958. $4.00.

THE GENUS LAELAPS, WITH A REVIEW OF THE LAELAPTINAE

AND A NEW SUBFAMILY ALPHALAELAPTINAE (Acarina: Laelap-

tidae). By V. J. Tipton. 16 (6) : 233-356, pis. 22-47. July 12, 1960. $2.50.

A TAXONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE GENUS XYELA

DALMAN IN NORTH AMERICA. [Hymenoptera: Xyelidae]. By

D. J. Burdick. 17 (3) : 285-356, pi. 49, 83 text figs., 3 maps, 5 charts.

February 16, 1961. $1.50.— H. B. L.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Notice of Proposed Use of Plenary Powers in Certain

Cases (A. (n.s.) 50)

In accordance with a decision of the 13th International Con-

gress of Zoology, 1948, public notice is hereby given of the possible

use by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

of its plenary powers in connection with the following cases, full

deetails of which will be found in Bulletin of Zoological Nomen-

clature , Yol. 18, Part 5 to be published on 10 November 1961:

(1) Emendation to Scatophaga of Scathophaga Meigen, 1803 (Insecta,

Diptera). Z.N.(S.) 191;

(3) Validation of andersoni (Dermacentor) Stiles, 1908 (Acarina).

Z.N. (S.) 260;

(4) Designation of a type-species for Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836

(Insecta, Coleoptera). Z.N.(S.) 467;

(7) Validation of germanica (Blatta) Linnaeus, 1767 (Insecta, Dic-

tyoptera). Z.N. (S.) 680;

(8) Designation of a type-species for Xenostegium Walcott, 1924 (Tril-

obita). Z.N. (S.) 914;

(11) Validation of bicinctus (Crabro) Rossi, 1794 (Insecta, Hymenop-

tera). Z.N. (S.) 1440;

(12) Validation of Aphanus Laporte, 1833 (Insecta, Hemiptera). Z.N.

(S.) 1469;

(13) Designation of a type-species for Blissus Burmeister, 1835 (Insecta,

Hemiptera). Z.N. (S.) 1471;

(14) Validation of HETEROGASTRINAE Stal, 1872 (Insecta, Hemip-

tera). Z.N. (S.) 1474;

(15) Validation of Scolopostethus Fieber, [1860] (Insecta, Hemiptera) .

Z.N.(S.) 1475;

Any zoologist who wishes to comment on any of the above cases

should do so in writing, and in duplicate, as soon as possible, and

in any case before 10 May 1962. Each comment should bear the

reference number of the case in question. Comment received early

enough will be published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomencla-

ture. Those received too late for publication will, if received before

10 May 1962, be brought to the attention of the Commission at

the time of commencement of voting.

All communications on the above subject should be addressed

as follows: The Secretary, International Commission on Zoological

Nomenclature, e/o British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell

Road, LONDON, S.W. 7, England. — W. E. China, Assistant Sec-

retary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomencla-

ture.

January, 1962] linsley & mac swain — sphecodogastra 45

A NEW SPECIES OF SPHECODOGASTRA ASSOCIATED

WITH OENOTHERA IN EASTERN UTAH, NEW

MEXICO AND WESTERN TEXAS

( Hymenoptera : Halictidae)

E. G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain 1

University of California , Berkeley

Sphecodogastra Ashmead (1899) has been variously treated as

a distinct genus (Mitchell, 1960), a subgenus of Iialictus (Stevens,

1920) and a subgenus of Lasioglossum (Michener, 1951). The

type species, Sphecodes texana Cresson (1872), collects pollen

after sunset from the flowers of such Onagraceae as Oenothera

(Megapterium) missouriensis, Oenothera (Anogra) spp., Oeno-

thera (Oenothera) strigosa, Oenothera (Raimannia) rhombipetala

(Graenicher, 1911; Stevens, 1920) and as a result of its nocturnal

habit, females are often attracted to light. Morphologically, the

species is remarkable for the enlarged ocelli which nearly fill the

vertex between the summits of the compound eyes, the greatly

reduced pollen collecting structures of the hind legs (which con-

sist of a row of erect simple hairs on the trochanters, a row of

erect hooked hairs on the lower margin of the femora, and loose,

erect and suberect plumose hairs on the inner side of the tibia),

and the ferruginous abdomen, a feature unusual in non-parasitic

North American halictines.

Although Ashmead established Sphecodogastra as a monobasic

genus, several other species have been subsequently added which

share with S. texana one or more adaptive features associated with

the collection of pollen from Onagraceae, including Halictus ab-

berans Crawford, Halictus galpinsiae Cockerell, Halictus lusorius

Cresson, and Halictus (Evylaeus) oenotherae Stevens. However,

these added species are crepuscular or matinal bees, or both, not

truly nocturnal, and as pointed out by Hurd (see Linsley, 1958),

they are closely related to species included in Lasioglossum , sub-

genus Evylaeus by Michener (1951). We prefer to see them as-

signed to that group, since they agree with Evylaeus in basic

characters and in general facies. They also share with species in

Evylaeus and most of the other subgenera of Lasioglossum a dis-

tinct lateral carina on the propodeum, which is lacking in the sub-

genus Sphecodogastra as here restricted.

1 The authors express appreciation to the National Science Foundation for support of research

on bees associated with Onagraceae through NSF Grant G-7193.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

The species described below agrees with L. (S.) texana in hav-

ing enlarged ocelli, a simple propodeum, similarly formed scopae

of the posterior legs and a ferruginous abdomen. Like L. (S).

texana it is a nocturnal species, flying after dark and collecting

pollen from large, white flowered evening primroses (Oenothera ) .

Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) noctivaga

Linsley & MacSwain, new species

Female: Integument black, antennae, legs, tegulae, wing veins and abdo-

men ferruginous; pubescence white. Head wider than long (12:10) ; anten-

nae relatively long, flagellum twice as long as scape, segments beyond the

second pale rufotestaceus; ocelli very large, diameter of median ocellus equal

to one-third of shortest distance between summits of compound eyes; eyes

with inner margins not converging below, lower lobes more widely separated

than upper lobes; vertex obscurely, finely punctate; face above antennae

moderately closely, finely, deeply punctate, punctures separated by one

diameter or less; supraclypeal area feebly shining, finely, not densely punc-

tate; clypeus short, apex broad, three times as wide as distance between

antennal insertions, projecting slightly less than one-third below suborbital

line, surface feebly shining, finely, sparsley, irregularly punctate; mandibles

elongate, slender, apex extending beyond tooth for one-third of total length,

reaching to base of opposing mandible in repose. Mesosoma with decumbent

plumose hairs near margins of terga, and longer, erect hairs otherwise ;

mesoscutum shining, feebly reticulate, punctures distinctly separated, irregu-

larly spaced in discal area, denser laterally, scutellum more finely punctate,

punctures denser medially and near margins ; propodeum irregularly rugulose

at base; wings hyaline; legs darker basally, scopa of posterior legs consisting

of a row of erect simple hairs on trochanters, a row of erect and apically

hooked hairs on lower margin of femora, and loose, erect and suberect

plumose hairs on inner side of tibiae. Metasoma shining, terga obscurely

punctate laterally, pubescence sparse on disc, longer, denser, plumose toward

sides and posterior margins. Length 12 mm., anterior wing 9.5.

Holotype fetnale (California Academy of Sciences, Entomology)

and three female paratypes from Roosevelt, Duchesne County,

Utah, June 15, 1956 (J. L. Eastin). Additional paratypes; two

females from Ojo Caliente, Taos County, New Mexico, taken at

light between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., July 11, 1959 (E. G.

Linsley) , one female from Pinedale, McKinley County, New

Mexico, July 22, 1948 (L. C. Wyman), and one female from 9.5

miles south of Monahans, Ward County, Texas, collecting pollen

from Oenothera hartwegii, May 11, 1959 (D. P. Gregory). The

paratype from Pinedale, New Mexico is in the United States Na-

tional Museum; the remainder are deposited in the collections of

the California Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley.

January, 1962J linsley & mac swain — sphecodogastra

This species superficially resembles Lasioglossum (Sphecodo-

gastra) texana (Cresson), but the average size is somewhat larger

and the anterior wings are proportionally longer. The most strik-

ing differences involve characters of the head and females differ in

this respect as follows :

Antennae with flagellum twice as long as scape; eyes not con-

verging below; ocelli larger, diameter of median ocellus equal

to one-third of distance between eyes; clypeus broad, short,

projecting less than one-third of its length, apex with about

12 long setae; mandibles with apex extending one-third of total

length beyond tooth, reaching to base of opposite mandible . noctivaga

Antennae with flagellum distinctly less than twice as long as

scape ; eyes converging below ; ocelli a little smaller, diameter

of median ocellus equal to about one-fourth of distance be-

tween the eyes; clypeus more elongate, projecting more than

one-third of its length, apex with about 24 long setae; man-

dibles less than one-fourth of total length beyond tooth, reach-

ing just beyond opposite apical lateral angle of clypeus . . . .texana

In distribution, known records suggest that noctivaga occurs

generally west of the range of texana but the two are not wholly

allopatric, having been taken on the same plants in Ward County,

Texas.

Literature Cited

Ashmead, W. H.

1899. Classification of the bees, or the superfamily Apoidea. Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc., 26:49-100.

Cresson, E. T.

1872. Hymenoptera texana. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4:153-292

Graenicher, S.

1911. A bee of nocturnal habits. Bull. Milwaukee Public Museum,

1:222-225.

Linsley, E. G.

1958. The ecology of solitary bees. Hilgardia, 27 :543-599.

Michener, C. D.

1951. Halictidae, in Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, Hymenoptera

of America North of Mexico — Synoptic Catalogue, U.S. Dept.

Agr. Monogr. 2:1104-1129.

Mitchell, T. B.

1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. I. North Carolina Agr. Exp.

Sta. Tech. Bull. 141:1-538.

Stevens, 0. A.

1920. Notes on species of Halictus visiting evening flowers. Entomo-

logical News, 31:35-44.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Notice of Proposed Use of Plenary Powers in Certain

Cases (A. (n.s.) 51)

In accordance with a decision of the 13th International Con-

gress of Zoology, 1948, public notice is hereby given of the possible

use by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

of its plenary powers in connection with the following cases, full

details of which will be found in Bulletin of Zoological Nomen-

clature, Yol. 18, Part 6 to be published on 17 November 1961:

(2) Validation of the generic name Naucoris Geoffroy, 1762 (Insecta,

Hemiptera). Z.N. (S.) 608;

(3) Suppression of certain unidentifiable specific name in the family

Tetrigidae (Insecta, Orthoptera). Z.N.(S.) 673;

(4) Validation of the generic name Ceratosolen Mayr, 1885 (Insecta,

Hymenoptera ) . Z.N. ( S. ) 1479 ;

Any zoologist who wishes to comment on any of the above cases

should do so in writing, and in duplicate, as soon as possible, and

in any case before 17 May 1962. Each comment should bear the

reference number of the case in question. Comment received early

enough will be published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomencla-

ture. Those received too late for publication will, if received before

17 May 1962 be brought to the attention of the Commission at the

time of commencement of voting.

All communications on the above subject should be addressed

as follows: The Secretary, International Commission on Zoologi-

cal Nomenclature, c/o British Museum (Natural History), Crom-

well Road, LONDON, S.W. 7, England. — W. E. China, Assistant

Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomen-

clature.

RECENT LITERATURE

FIRST SUPPLEMENT : HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA NORTH OF

MEXICO, SYNOPTIC CATALOG. By K. V. Krombein et al. Agriculture

Monograph No. 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

September, 1958. 305 pp. $1.75. For sale by the Superintendent of Docu-

ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

GUIDE TO THE INSECTS OF CONNECTICUT. Part VI, The Diptera.

State of Connecticut, State Geological and Natural History Survey,

Bulletin No. 87. Pp. vi -f- 218. Sixth Fascicle. March flies and Gall-midges.

Bibionidae by D. E. Hardy; Itonididae (Cecidomyiidae) by A. E. Pritch-

ard and the late E. P. Felt (with revisions by C. L. and J. E. Remington).

Bibionidae by Hardy, pp. 5-46, inch pis. 1-9; Subfamily Lestremiinae of

Itonididae by Pritchard, pp. 50-88, inch pis. 10-15; Itoniidae by Felt,

revised by the Remingtons, pp. 47-49, 89-218. Storrs, Conn., 1958. — H.B.L.

January, 1962] linsley & mac swain — onagrandrena 49

NEW SPECIES OF ONAGRANDRENA ASSOCIATED WITH

OENOTHERA IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA

AND WYOMING

(Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

E. G. Linsley and J. W. MacSwain 1

University of California, Berkeley

The three species of Andrena (subgenus Onagrandrena) de-

scribed below are named at this time in order to permit reference

to them in ecological studies to be reported elsewhere.

Andrena (Onagrandrena) boronensis

Linsley & MacSwain, new species

Female: Integument black; pubescence black. Head with clypeus convex,

densely punctate, without indication of a median longtitudinal smooth line;

labrum with apical process as broad as long, apex depresso-emarginate ;

vertex punctate between ocelli and compound eyes; antennae with first flagel-

lar segment, measured along anterior margin, slightly shorter than second and

third combined, flagellar segments, except the first two, reddish-brown.

Mesosoma with mesoscutum dullish, closely punctate, the punctures mostly

less than one diameter apart, interspaces finely reticulate, areas enclosed by

reticulations oval, impressed; mesoscutellum more densely punctate than

mesoscutum ; mesopleura, a little more coarsely, densely punctate than

mesoscutum; propodeum coarsely rugoso-punctate, basal enclosure coarsely,

more or less regularly and longitudinally rugose; wings very lightly tinted

with blackish ; legs with scopa of posterior tibiae about as wide as tibia,

moderately dense, suberect. Metasoma moderately slender, shining, second

tergum with most anterior hairs long, predominantly simple, finely punctate,

most punctures separated by at least three to five diameters; terga two to

four wtih apical impressed margin shining but distinctly, though finely,

sparsely punctate. Length approximately 12 mm., anterior wing 9 mm.

Male: Integument black; pubescence of head long, erect, predominantly

yellowish-white, except along sides of face, upper face above antennal

insertions, and vertex, which is black, that of clypeus densely plumose;

thoracic pubescence long, erect, yellowish-white; pubescence of legs and

abdomen black, except on first and second metasomal terga. Head with

apical process of labrum emarginate, bilobed; antennae with flagellum

black, first segment about as long as second. Mesosoma with mesoscutum

opaque, densely punctate, punctures mostly separated by less than one

diameter; mesoscutellum more densely punctate; propodeum sculptured

much as in female. Metasoma with punctures of second tergum mostly

separated by from three to five or more diameters, terga with a distinct

impunctate apical margin. Length approximately 10 mm., anterior wing 8 mm.

Holotype female (California Academy of Sciences, Entomology)

from Boron, Kern County, California, April 3, 1959, at flowers

1 The authors express appreciation to the National Science Foundation for support of research

on bees associated with Onagraceae through NSF Grant G-7193.

50 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

of Oenothera dentata, 7 :03 a.m. (J. W. MacSwain), allotype male,

same locality and date, at flowers of Coreopsis bigelovii between

7:50 and 8:00 a.m. (E. G. Linsley) and 79 paratypes (California

Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley), all from the

same locality, as follows: Seven males, two females, March 27,

1959 (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain) ; two males, eight females

(three with pollen) from Oenothera dentata, April 2, 1959, be-

tween 7:23 and 8:58 a.m. (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain) ; two

males, nine females (five with pollen) from Oenothera dentata,

April 3, 1959, between 6:20 and 7:28 a.m. (E. G. Linsley, J. W.

MacSwain) ; 5 males, three females (none with pollen) at flowers

of Coreopsis bigelovii, April 3, 1959, between 7:50 and 9:00 a.m.

(E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain) ; one female, sunning, on April

2, 1960, at 10:15 a.m. (E. G. Linsley) ; one male at flowers of

Oenothera clavaeformis clavaeformis, April 9, 1960, at 5:32 p.m.

(E. G. Linsley) ; twenty-three females (seventeen with pollen)

from Oenothera dentata, April 10, 1960, between 6:45 and 8:06

a.m. (E. G. and Juanita M. Linsley) ; one male, ten females (none

with pollen) at flowers of Layia glandulosa between 8:10 and

8 :50 a.m. (E. G. Linsley) .

Additional material, not designated paratypic, is represented in

early morning collections from Oenothera dentata in the follow-

ing localities from the Mojave Desert or its western edge: San

Bernardino County: 7 miles west of Salt Wells, Apple Valley, and

Kramer Hills; Los Angeles County: 1 mile west of Little Rock;

and Kern County: 6 miles east of Mojave, Red Rock Canyon, and

Short Canyon, 6 miles west of Inyokern.

This species belongs to the pale winged group of typical A.

(O.) oenotherae Timberlake and A. (O.) rozeni Linsley and

MacSwain. Both sexes differ from oenotherae and rozeni in the

more finely, sparsely punctuate second metasomal tergum, with the

punctures mostly separated by from three to five or more diame-

ters, rather than two or three diameters. The male superficially

resembles that of rozeni but has extensive areas of black pubes-

cence on the vertex, at the antennal bases, and the sides of the face.

The three species occur together at several localities but differ

ethologically, rozeni taking pollen from Oenothera clavaeformis

in the late afternoon, boronensis and oenotherae from Oenothera

dentata in the early morning. However, boronensis begins storing

pollen a week or more earlier in the season than oenotherae and

January, 1962] linsley & mac swain — onagrandrena 51

starts collecting pollen a half hour or more earlier in the morning.

Andrena (Onagrandrena) thorpi

Linsley & MacSwain, new species

Female: Integument black; pubescence black. Head with clypeus convex,

densely punctate, without indication of a median longitudinal smooth line;

labrum with apical process heart-shaped, slightly longer than broad, widening

toward the apex which is shallowly notched; vertex punctate between ocelli

and compound eyes; antennae with first flagellar segment, measured along

anterior margin, slightly shorter than the second and third combined, flagellar

segments black. Mesosoma with mesoscutum opaque, densely and more or

less subcontiguously punctate, interspaces finely reticulate, reticulations sub-

circular impressed; mesoscutellum closely punctate; mesopleura a little

more coarsely punctate than mesoscutum, punctures contiguous; propodeum

coarsely, subcontiguously, reticulate-punctate, basal enclosure coarsely and

somewhat regularly, longitudinally, medially rugose, lateral margins not

distinctly elevated; wings tinted with blackish; legs with scopa of posterior

tibiae slightly wider than tibia, moderately loose and suberect. Metasoma

moderately slender, shining, second tergum with most anterior hairs long,

predominantly plumose, surface moderately coarsely punctured, most punc-

tures separated by from one to three diameters, terga two to four without a

broad, impunctate apical band, impressed apical margin densely punctate.

Length approximately 13 mm., anterior wing 10 mm.

Holotype female (California Academy of Sciences, Entomology)

from 11 MILES NORTH OF WlNNEMUCCA, HUMBOLDT COUNTY,

Nevada, June 8, 1961, gathering pollen from Oenothera deltoides

piperi , 6:55 a.m. (J. W. MacSwain). Paratypes: two females

collected at 6:48 and 7:27 a.m. respectively (J. W. MacSwain).

An additional specimen, collected at 6:34 a.m. (R. W. Thorp),

contains three female Stylops. This last individual was not taking

pollen.

This species belongs to the dark- winged group containing A.

( 0 .) vespertina Linsley & MacSwain and A. ( 0 .) chylismiae

Linsley & McSwain. The female may be distinguished from that

of each of these by the apically widened, heart-shaped process of

the labrum and the shorter first segment of the antennal flagellum

which is not as long as the two following segments together, and the

longer, looser, tibial scopa. From vespertina it differs further in

the subcontiguously punctate mesoscutum, the more coarsely

rugose basal enclosure of the propodeum which has poorly de-

veloped lateral margins. The propodeal enclosure is more regularly

rugose than in chylismiae and the abdomen is more slender, but

the two appear to be closely related.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Andrena (Onagrandrena) stagei

Linsley & MacSwain, new species

Female: Integument black; pubescence black. Head with clypeus convex,

densely punctate, without indication of a median longitudinal smooth line;

labrum with apical process parallel-sided, a little longer than broad ; vertex

punctate between ocelli and compound eyes; antennae with first flagellar

segment, measured along anterior margin, as long as second and third

segments combined, flagellar segments, except the first two, reddish-brown.

Mesosoma with mesoscutum dullish, finely, closely punctate, punctures

separated but mostly less than a diameter apart, interspaces finely reticulate,

areas enclosed by reticulations elongate, narrowly impressed; mesoscutellum

closely punctate; mesopleura a little more coarsely, densely punctate than

mesoscutum ; propodeum coarsely, subcontiguously reticulate-punctate, basal

enclosure very coarsely, longitudinally, and obliquely rugose, median ridges

very prominent, lateral margins not sharply defined; wings tinted with

blackish ; legs with scopa of posterior tibiae about as wide as tibia, moder-

ately dense. Metasoma moderately slender, shining, second tergum with

most of the anterior hairs long, predominantly plumose, surface finely

punctate, most punctures separated by at least three to five diameters; terga

two to four with a moderate impunctate apical band but more than half of

the width of impressed margin finely, sparsely punctate. Length approxi-

mately 12 mm., anterior wing 9.5 mm.

Holotype female (California Academy of Sciences, Entomology)

from Little America, 22 miles west of Green River, Sweet-

water County, Wyoming, June 25, 1960, collecting pollen from

Oenothera trichocalyx at 8:15 a.m. (G. I. Stage). Paratypes : two

females, same site, collecting pollen at 6:43 and 7:10 a.m.

This species also belongs to the dark-winged group of A. (0.)

vespertina Linsley & MacSwain, A. (0.) chylismiae Linsley &

MacSwain, and A. (0.) thorpi Linsley & MacSwain. It appears

to be most closely related to the first of these, differing primarily

in the broader apical process of the labrum and the coarsely,

obliquely rugose basal enclosure of the propodeum which also

has less well defined lateral margins.

XVI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OL ZOOLOGY

The Sixteenth International Congress of Zoology will convene

in Washington, D.C., in 1963 at the Sheraton-Park and adjacent

Shoreham Hotels. Additional information may be obtained from

the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council,

2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington 25, D.C.

January, 1962] chemsak & thorp — melissodes sleep 53

NOTE ON THE SLEEPING HABITS OF MALES OF

MELISSODES ROBUSTIOR COCKERELL

(Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

John A. Chemsak and Robbin W. Thorp

University of California , Berkeley

The sleeping habits of solitary bees have been of interest to

bee workers for some time. Those of males of Melissodes spp.

have been reported by various people. Banks (1902) observed

M. bimaculata (Lepeletier) grasping grass stems and leaves with

all six legs as well as the mandibles, with the head oriented up.

Cockerell (1915) has described a resting cluster of M. cressonii

(Dalla Torre) (as Xenoglossa brevicornis Cresson) as observed

by the Rev. G. Birkmann. These bees grasped the petioles of

the leaves of mesquite with their mandibles. Sleeping males of

M. perplexct Cresson were found on floral spikes of Verbena

stricta by Mathewson and Daly (1955) in Kansas. These occurred

singly and in clusters of up to six, clinging closely to the spikes

in horizontal and face-downward positions. The greatest number

of bees were found on a “focal clump” of spikes to which many

individuals subsequently returned. Evans and Linsley (1960)

mention the sleeping habit of Melissodes sp. near conjusa Cresson

and M. paroselae Cockerell on Melilotus alba in Arizona. The

first of these curled about the stem, which it grasped with its

mandibles, while M. paroselae grasped the plant with the mandibles

and hung with the legs free. Additional observations were made

by Linsley (1961) on the sleeping habits of M. paroselae and

M. tristis Cockerell on dry plants of Heterotheca in Arizona.

Although a variety of sleeping sites have been recorded for

males of the genus Melissodes, none has been reported as sleeping-

on fresh flowers. However, observations made in Berkeley, Cali-

fornia during the latter part of August and September, 1961,

indicate that the males of M. robustior used only the fresh flowers

of the ornamentals, Cosmos bipinnatus and Scabiosa atropurpurea

(det. H. K. Sharsmith and R. Bacigalupi respectively) as sleeping

quarters.

During the initial part of the observations, the bees were

found to use the flowers of Scabiosa both as a nectar source and

sleep site. As the season progressed, the number of bees on

Scabiosa gradually decreased and the Cosmos became the primary

resting place. The bees slept singly or in clusters of up to three.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

The sleeping position of the Melissodes on Cosmos was usually

with the body across the floral disk with the head down and

the mandibles grasping an edge of a ray petal or the base of a

tubular flower (Fig. 1). The legs were partially spread out and

the tarsal claws appeared to be grasping the surface of the

floral disk.

Observations on marked males indicated that individuals tended

to remain within the same area for both sleeping and diurnal

activities. The same flowers were subsequently found to be a

pollen source for the females.

Explanation of Figure

Fig. 1. Sleeping position of males of Melissodes robustior Cockerell on

flowers of Cosmos bipinnatus.

January, 1962 ] chemsaic & thorp — melissodes sleep

It is interesting to note that the males showed a decided

preference for the flowers of Cosmos about the time females were

first observed gathering pollen from them. This change in male

behavior may indicate that the flowers of the Cosmos also serve

as a mating site (although no mating was observed) or, as

Kullenberg (1956) found in Macropis, that the females’ scent

marked the flowers which they visited. Activity of both sexes

of Melissodes had greatly diminished by the beginning of October.

Banks, N. Literature Cited

1902. Sleeping habits of certain Hymenoptera. Jour. New York Ent.

Soc., 10:209-214.

Cockerell, T. D. A.

1915. Habits of Xenoglossa brevicornis (Cresson) (Hym.). Ent. News,

26:364.

Evans, H. E. and E. G. Linsley

1960. Notes on a sleeping aggregation of solitary bees and wasps. Bull.

So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 59:30-37.

Kullenberg, B.

1956. Field experiments with chemical sexual attractants on aculeate

Hymenoptera males I. Zool. Bid. Fran Uppsala, 31:253—352.

Linsley, E. G.

1961. Sleeping aggregations of aculeate Hymenoptera-II. Ann. Ent.

Soc. Amer. (In press).

Mathewson, J .A. and H. Y. Daly

1955. A brief note on the sleep of male Melissodes (Hymenoptera:

Apidae). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 28:120.

BOOK NOTICE

MODERN INSECTICIDES AND WORLD FOOD PRODUCTION. By F. A.

Gunther and L. R. Jeppson. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 440

Fourth Ave. ; Great Britain: Chapman and Hall, Ltd. xv -|- 284 pp.,

57 pis. October 7, 1960. $8.50.

“This book was not written for specialists in the fields of economic

entomology and the chemistry of insecticides. Rather it is intended to pro-

vide a general but reasonably comprehensive insight into the why’s and

wherefore’s of the modern insecticides and acaricides, problems of their

use, and problems from their use . . . The modern pesticides at the moment

are essential to man’s existence. The encouragement of interest, tolerance,

and understanding of the situation is the objective of this book.” (preface).

The text is up to date; many of the illustrations are striking or spectacular,

and most of them new to entomological books. Appendix A (pp. 256-259) is

a listing of “Approximate mammalian toxicities of insecticidal and acaricidal

compounds mentioned in the text, in terms of LD S0 values.” — H.B.L.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

EMERGENCE OF STROMATIUM LONGICORNE (NEWMAN)

FROM AN IMPORTED CYPRESS CHEST

(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Woodrow W. Middlekauff

University of California, Berkeley

On June 15, 1960 a female Stromatium longicorne (Newman) 1

emerged from a cypress wood chest which had been made in For-

mosa (Taiwan) and brought to the United States over two years

previously. This is a new host record for this cerambycid.

This beetle is widely distributed in the South Pacific having

been recorded by various authors (Beeson & Bhatia, 1939; Steb-

bing, 1914; Duffy, 1953 and Yashiro, 1940) from Amboina, As-

sam, Bengal, Burman, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Tonkin,

Formosa, South China, Borneo, Celebes, Ceram, Batchian, Thai-

land (Siam), Hong Kong, Tenijo, and Loochoo Island.

Duffy (1953) reported the host of this species as Cassia fistula,

cashew. According to Beeson & Bhatia (1939), Stebbing (1914)

erroneously reported it from Tectona grandis, teak.

Yashiro (1940) reported it as most damaging in seasoned tim-

ber and in some types of wood is almost confined to seasoned

timber. He reports it taking 2-3 years to complete larval growth.

If the chest from which the present female emerged was made

shortly before it was brought to the United States, the develop-

mental period was normal. Linsley (1938) reported the European

Stromatium fulvum emerging from furniture ten, twelve and thir-

teen years after having been imported into the United States from

Italy. Other records reported by Duffy (1953) list a number of

cases where cerambycid larvae have emerged from furniture or

timbers 20 or more years after infestation.

Linsley, E. G. Literature Cited

1938. Longevity in the Cerambycidae. Pan-Pacific Ent. 14: 177.

Duffy, E. A. J.

1953. A monograph of the immature stages of British and imported timber

(Cerambycidae). Jarrold & Sons Ltd., Norwich, England, 350 pp.

Stebbing, E. P.

1914. Indian forest insects of economic importance. London, England.

Beeson, C. F. C. and B. M. Bhatia

1939. On the biology of the Cerambycidae. Indian For. Rec. (New Series),

5(1) : 1-235.

Yashiro, H.

1940. On the life-history of Stromatium longicorne Newm. [In Japanese]

Bull. Okinawa For. Soc. 1:1-10. [R.A.E., 1941, 29:103.]

1 Identified by Dr. E. G. Linsley and John Chemsak, University of California, Berkeley. Chest

imported by David S. Winkler.

January, 1962] scullen — cerceris synonymy 57

SYNONYMICAL NOTES ON THE GENUS CERCERIS— IV 1

(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Herman A. Scullen

Oregon State University, Corvallis

Further studies of type material of the genus Cerceris have re-

vealed the following instances of synonymy.

Cerceris compar geniculata Cameron, new status

Cerceris geniculata Cameron, 1890. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym. 2:113. 9 . Mexico,

Cuautla.

Cerceris feralis Cameron, 1890. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym. 2:113-4. $. Mexico

New synonymy.

The holotype female of C. geniculata Cameron is in the British

Museum (No. 21.1,366). The holotype male of C. feralis Cameron

is in the British Museum (No. 21. 1,372). I consider geniculata

to be a Mexican race of compar Cresson of the eastern United

States.

Cerceris compar orestes Banks, new status

Cerceris orestes Banks, 1947. Psyche 54:13-14. 9, $. Patagonia, Ariz.

The holotype female of C. orestes Banks is in the Museum of

Comparative Zoology, Harvard, (No. 27637). I consider orestes

to be a southwestern race of compar Cresson.

Cerceris cribrosa Spinola

Cerceris cribrosa Spinola, 1841. Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 10:119-20. 9, $.

Am.: Cayenne. (French Guiana, Inini)

Cerceris pullatus F. Smith, 1873. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12:105-6. 9. St. Paul,

Brasil. Neiv synonymy.

Cerceris albimana Taschenberg, 1875. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw. 45:395. 9.

Venezuela. New synonymy.

A female apparently determined by Spinola as C. cribrosa

Spinola is in the Institute e Museo di Zoologia, Torino, Italy. This

was selected and labeled a neotype by the present author. The holo-

type female of C. pullatus F. Smith is in the British Museum, (No.

21.1,409). The original cotype series of C. albimana Taschenberg

consisted of two females. The first of the two was selected and

labeled “Lectotype” by the present author. These types are in the

Zoologisches Institut, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale),

East Germany. „ „ .

Cerceris dilatata Spinola

Cerceris dilatata Spinola, 1841. Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 10:118. $. America:

Cayenne. (French Guiana, Inini)

l These studies are being financed by grants from the National Science Foundation and Gen-

eral Research administered by the Graduate School, Oregon State University. Published with

the approval of the Monographs Publication, Committee, Oregon State University. Research

paper No. 417, Department of Entomology.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Cerceris contracta Taschenberg, 1875. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw. 45:396. 2.

Brasilia. New synonymy.

Cerceris olymponis Strand, 1910. Zool. Jahrb., Zeitschr. f. Syst. 29:140. 2-

Asuncion, Calle Olympo, Paraguay). New synonymy.

A male subsequently determined by Spinola as Cerceris dilatata

Spinola is in the Instituto e Museo di Zoologia Turin (Torino),

Italy. It has been designated as the neotype by the present author

since the type specimen is no longer extant. A female of the original

cotype series of three of Cerceris contracta Taschenberg has been

selected and labeled a lectotype by the present author. This series of

types of the latter species are at the Zoologisches Institut, Martin-

Luther- University, Halle (Saale), Germany. The holotype female of

Cerceris olymponis Strand is at the Zoologisches Museum, Hum-

boldt University, Berlin.

Cerceris insolita Cresson

Cerceris insolita Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 5:129. $. 111.

Cerceris intractibilis Mickel, 1916, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 42:411. 2. Child’s

Point, Neb. New synonymy.

The holotype male of C. insolita Cresson is in the Philadelphia

Academy of Natural Sciences (No. 1954) . The holotype female of

C. intractibilis Mickel is in the University of Nebraska, Department

of Entomology.

Cerceris morrae Strand

Cerceris morrae Strand, 1910. Zool. Jahrb., Zeitschr. f. Syst. 29:135-6. $.

Villa Morra, Paraguay, S. Am., 2, XII, ’04 (J. D. Anisits).

Cerceris paraguayana Strand, 1910. Zool. Jahrb., Zeitschr. f. Syst. 29:138-9.

2. Villa Morra, Paraguay, 10, I, 1905 (J. D. Anisits). New synonymy.

The holotype females of both species are at the Zoologisches

Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin.

Cerceris rustica Taschenberg

Cerceris rustica Taschenberg, 1875. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw. 45:393-4. 2.

Rio de Janeiro.

Cerceris asuncionis Strand, 1910. Zool. Jahrb., Zeitschr. f. Syst. 29:136-7. $.

Villa Morra bei Asuncion, Paraguay. New synonymy.

The type female of C. rustica Taschenberg is at the Zoologisches

Institut, Martin-Luther-Universitat, Halle (Saale), Germany. The

holotype female of C. asuncionis Strand is at Zoologisches Museum,

Humboldt University, Berlin.

Cerceris simplex larvata Tashenberg, new status

Cerceris larvata Taschenberg, 1875. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturw. 45:391. $.

Brazil (Mendoza).

The holotype female of C. simplex F. Smith (Cat. Hym. Brit.

January, 1962 ]

EVANS MELANOPHILA BIOLOGY

Mus. 4:462, 1856) from Santarem, Brazil, is in the British Mu-

seum (No. 21.1,438). The type male of C. larvata Taschenberg

is at the Zoologisches Institut, Martin-Luther -University, Halle

(Saale), Germany. I consider that larvata is only subspecifically

distinct from simplex.

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY AND DISPERSAL

OF MELANOPHILA

(Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

William G. Evans

University of Alberta, Edmonton

There have been many accounts of the attraction of several spe-

cies of Melanophila to smoke and fire. Linsley (1943) summarized

the pertinent literature and concluded that beetles of the subgenus

Melanophila are normally attracted to forest fires and that they

oviposit in scorched coniferous wood. Because these insects fly to

smoke and are stimulated by heat, they are often attracted to sev-

eral sources of smoke and heat, other than forest fires, such as oil

fires (Van Dyke, 1926), burning sawdust and slash (Van Dyke,

1928), cement plants (Linsley, 1957; Linsley and Hurd, 1957),

smelter plants (Linsley, 1933), tar extraction plants (Champion,

1918) and to sugar mills (Van Dyke, 1928). According to Linsley

(1943) these insects appear to be attracted over long distances

to these sources of fires (up to 60 miles in some cases), and there

seems to be no doubt that normally they are able to detect smoke

many miles away from forest fires and are able to fly great dis-

tances to the burnt over areas. In this manner dispersal takes place

over a very large area.

The habit of flying to sources of heat and smoke is found in

several species of Melanophila. Sloop (1937) separates the genus

into three subgenera with the subgenus Melanophila characterized

by the presence of a distinct pit contiguous to the lateral margin

of the middle coxal cavity; and he reports that it is only those

species with mesosternal pits that fly to fires. Although Sloop

lists six of these species in North America, there are references to

other species flying to fires in other parts of the world. Beeson

(1941) mentions that in India the adults of M. coriacea Kerremans

and M. picta indica Thery are attracted to forest fires and burnt

trees, and Champion (1918) found specimens of M. ignicola

Champion attracted to the heat and smoke from a tar extracting

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

plant in the Indian region of Kumaun. It is interesting to note that

Poulton (1915-16) reports that another bnprestid genus, Merimna

atratci Hope, is attracted to bush fires in Australia, though an

examination of specimens of this species shows that no pits are

present on the mesothorax.

A method of dispersal of these insects, other than by flight, was

observed at Edmonton, Alberta, during the summer of 1960. A

plywood manufacturing plant was visited in June for the purpose

of determining whether any species of Melanophila (which are

widely distributed in Alberta) were attracted to the smoke emitted

by a large kiln. Several adult specimens of Melanophila acuminata

DeGeer were found and closer examination revealed that they were

emerging from a large pile of spruce logs which had just been

transported in from near the town of Chisholm, approximately 100

air miles north of Edmonton. Beetles continued to emerge from

the logs throughout the summer and early fall in such numbers

that several thousand were taken to the laboratory for use in var-

ious experiments. From these observations it may be inferred that,

at least acuminata may be transported over long distances in logs

to lumber yards and pulp mills and that its presence in areas where

conifers do not grow does not necessarily indicate that it flew to

these areas.

The specimens of acuminata taken to the laboratory were kept

in half pint fruit jars with screen lids. The jars contained water and

pieces of spruce bark for the beetles to walk on. About twenty

specimens were kept in each jar, and it was observed that as soon

as any died and were on their backs, they were attacked and eaten

by the others. Freshly killed larvae of Triholium destructor were

then put in the jars and these were soon consumed, but when liv-

ing larvae were put in they were not attacked as long as they were

able to move. When dead insects such as Tribolium larvae, Tene-

brio larvae, Musca adults and Melanophila adults were eaten the

integuments were torn open and the blood and soft inner parts

consumed, leaving the hard cuticle. All captured specimens of

M. acuminata which were brought to the laboratory and supplied

with water and freshly killed Tribolium larvae lived from two to

three weeks. Craighead (1950) states that buprestid adults gen-

erally feed on pollen, foliage or the tender bark of trees, but spe-

cies of Melanophila probably feed on dead insects which are quite

prevalent in forest areas, especially in freshly burnt over areas.

January, 1962]

EVANS MELANOPHILA BIOLOGY

There appeared to be no difference in preference for Tribolium

larvae killed by decapitation or by scorching on a hot plate. When

M. acuminata is enclosed in a field cage it readily feeds on the

many flies and other small insects which get caught on the screen.

It is possible that some of these smaller insects are eaten before

they are dead, in which case acuminata is a true predator.

Some preliminary work was done on the behavior of acuminata

and on the histology of the mesosternal pits during the summers

of 1959-60. While the results of this work will be published later,

it appears that each pit contains a cluster of olfactory organs of

unusual shape, which are capable of detecting smoke in very low

concentrations. It also appears that temperature and humidity re-

ceptors are present on the antennae. Yet the habit of flying to and

depositing eggs in scorched trees is not obligatory for the survival

of acuminata, even though it possesses highly specialized sensory

organs which enable it to detect fires from considerable distances.

Oviposition takes place in conifers cut for lumber and probably

in conifers killed by other agencies such as lightning and disease.

But a facultative ability to exploit trees killed by forest fires has,

no doubt, contributed to the success and wide distribution of these

insects.

Literature Cited

Beeson, C. F. C.

1941. The ecology and control of the forest insects of India and the

neighbouring countries. Privately published. 1007 pp. 203 figs.

Champion, H. S.

1918. A note on the habits of a Melanophila (Buprestulae) and other

Indian Coleoptera. Ent. Monthly Mag. 54: 199-200.

Craighead, F. C.

1950. Insect enemies of eastern forests. U. S. Dept, of Agric. Misc. Puhl.

657, 679 pp. 440 refs. 197 figs.

Linsley, E. G.

1933. Some observations of the swarming of Melanophila. Pan-Pacific Ent.

9: 138.

1943. Attraction of Melanophila beetles by fire and smoke. J. Econ. Ent.

36: 341-342.

1957. Habits of Melanophila. Pan-Pacific Ent. 33: 49-50.

Linsley, E. G. and P. D. Hurd, Jr.

1957. Melanophila beetles at cement plants in southern California. (Cole-

optera, Buprestidae) . Coleop., Bull. 11: 9-11.

Poulton, E. B.

1915-16. The habits of the Australian Buprestid “Fire-beetle”, Merimna

atrata Lap. et Gory. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. pt. 1: pp. iii-iv. (Proc.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Sloop, K. D

1937. A revision of North American buprestid beetles of the genus Melano-

phila (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) . Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 7: 1-20.

Van Dyke, E. C.

1926. Buprestid swarming. Pan-Pacific Ent. 3: 41.

1928. Melanophila consputa LeC. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4: 113.

BOOK NOTICES

BIONOMICS, SYSTEMATICS, AND PHYLOGENY OF LYTTA, A GENUS

OF BLISTER BEETLES (Coleoptera, Meloidae). By R. B. Selander.

Urbana: The University of Illinois Press. Illinois Biological Monographs,

No. 28: vi -|- 295 pp., [1 — |— ] 350 figs. December 30, 1960. Paperbound,

$4.50; clothbound, $5.50.

This is basically a phylogenetic study, and results in two sets of keys.

One lot, to subgenera, groups, subgroups and species is phylogenetic and

intended to summarize the principal differences between taxa; a separate

artificial key for the ready identification of males and females of the North

American species is given on pp. 35-49. The Old World components are

studied less fully than ours, because of lack of material, though three of

five new subgenera proposed are for them. The Nearctic Poreospasta Horn

and Pomphopoea LeConte are included as subgenera of Lytta. For the

first time there is an adequate treatment of the variations within the North

American species, based in good part on Selander’s own extensive field

work. Clines are cited, and single character or discordant geographic varia-

tion discussed; where there is concordant geographic variation, subspecies

are recognized but given only vernacular names. — Hugh B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

The following two items are New York issues, by The Macmillan

Company, of volumes from the well-known English series “The New

Naturalist Library”) .

INSECT MIGRATION. By C. B. Williams, xiv -f- 235 pp., 49 text figs,

(chiefly maps and charts), pis. I-XVI in black and white, 1-8 in color.

1958. $6.00.

A stimulating work by a master of the subject. There are introductory

chapters on insect migration, four on the evidence of migrations by insects

of various orders and in different parts of the world, eight on the many

and fascinating problems involved, three on marking live specimens, study-

ing one’s findings, and the literature on the subject.

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND STUDYING INSECTS. By Harold

Oldroyd. 327 pp., 135 figs in text, I-XV on un-numbered plates. 1958. $6.00.

A well-written and satisfactorily illustrated book which has a detailed

yet broad coverage. For instance it includes a chapter on photographing

insects, in which there is much basic information, and explanations of the

“why”; while the chapter on the construction and use of keys contains one

to the orders of adult insects as an example. — Hugh B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

January, 1962]

MENICE SPHECINE TAXONOMY

NOTES ON TWO SPECIES OF SPHECINE WASPS

DESCRIBED BY H. T. FERNALD FROM

SOUTH AMERICA

(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Arnold S. Menke

University of California, Davis

During a recent visit at the Museum of Comparative Zoology,

Harvard University, I studied the types of Chlorion davisi and

C. simillimum, both described by Fernald in 1907. C. davisi should

be assigned to the genus Sphex sensu stricto, and simillimum to

Prionyx, species group tliomae.

Examination of the unique female type of davisi (MCZ type

# 14347 ) reveals that it agrees in every detail with the African

species Sphex metallicus Taschenberg, and should be relegated to

synonymy. The locality label on Fernald’s type reads Cordova,

Argentina. Willink (1951) in his review of the Argentine and

Chilean Sphecinae, did not list any material of Fernald’s species

and only quoted the original description. It seems safe to assume

that the specimen on which Fernald based his description was

labeled in error and originated in Africa.

Prionyx (Priononyx) simillimus (MCZ type #14348) was de-

scribed from three specimens, two males and a female, all labeled

cotypes. I am designating one of the males as lectotype, and have

placed a lectotype label with the specimen. In his description

Fernald stated that sternite VI of the male was deeply emarginate.

It is true that one of the males appears to have this feature, but

close examination proves that the emargination was caused by the

breaking away of part of the sternite. In the other male the sternite

is entire. Fernald did not mention the distinct fossulae of the male

antenna. In simillimus, flagellomeres III-VI have broad, spiculate

fossulae, and VII has a short triangular fossula.

Literature Cited

Fernald, H. T.

1907. A collection of Sphecidae from Argentine. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

50:263-272.

Willink, A.

1951. Las especies Argentinas y Chilenas de Chlorionini. Acta Zool.

Lilloana. 11:53-225.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

BOOK REVIEW

WILD SILK MOTHS OF THE UNITED STATES— Saturniinae. By

Michael M. Collins and Robert D. Weast. Collins Radio Corp., Cedar

Rapids, Iowa, iii 138 pp., text figs. 1961. Cloth, $4.25.

This remarkable little book is an account of the habits, distributions, and

appearances of the large silkmoths, including the Saturniinae and Automeris

of the Hemileucinae. In it the authors, who are private collectors living in

Iowa, have brought together results of a number of years’ study and field

work in various parts of the country. Although some aspects of a scientific

paper are incorporated, the treatment is primarily popular in approach,

enabling freedom in handling of names, literature, etc., without undue

anomaly.

The text is divided into two sections, I, “United States Species,” and II,

“Studies and Experiments.” In the former, a discussion for each species

includes the following aspects: “Habitat,” a general geographical distribu-

tion, color variance throughout the range, and associations with other mem-

bers of a complex; “Breeding Habits,” a life history including oviposition,

foodplants, etc., as well as adult breeding behavior; “Breeding in Captivity,”

both rearing larvae and mating adults; and “Collecting.” In the second

section general discussions are given on population dynamics (primarily

protective devices and relation to mortality factors), breeding flights, satur-

niid parasites, predators, and diseases, breeding Saturniidae and hybrids.

The species treatment fills a gap, in that it provides an accurate, concise

discussion of the American large silkmoths that is not readily available

elsewhere. Entomologists will find the second section for the most part

over-simplified, but probably it will prove informative to others interested in

these moths. Many readers will disagree with a number of the unqualified

generalizations ( e.g ., the introduction opens with “The majority of research

in entomology is being done in commercial interests and in the field of pest

control”.) and may be bothered by references concerning adaptations which

hypothesize impossible alternate situations (e.g., nocturnal oviposition “is

a safety factor, since exposure would be too severe if females had to seek

out foodplants ... in the daytime”). In addition, the authors’ lack of

familiarity with the literature is at times evident. References are cited only

sparingly throughout and are usually given in footnotes without dates; and

Calosaturnia albofasciata Johnson, 1938, a species not included in McDun-

nough’s 1938 Checklist, is omitted. The common California Hyalophora is

designated rubra Behr (possibly following the Bouvier, 1936, revision and

treating euryalus Boisduval as a nomen nudum), thus reversing the decision

in McDunnough’s Checklist, but without explanation.

The book is clearly printed on heavy paper which is well suited for the

interspersing of the 90-plus excellent to fair black and white photographs

and two diagrams which comprise about one half the volume. Adults of most

species are illustrated, as well as eggs, both young and mature larvae,

cocoons, hybrids, cages, etc. The work will be of use to persons interested in

collecting and rearing Saturniidae, and to those studying species problems,

hybridization, and geographical distribution patterns illustrated by this group

of moths. — Jerry A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley.

January, 1962]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOC.

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

P. H. Arnaud, Jr. K. S. Hagen F. E. Skinner R. C. Miller

President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer

Proceedings

Two Hundred and Seventy- third Meeting

The 273rd meeting was held Saturday, February 25, 1961, at 2:00 P.M.,

in the Morrison Auditorium of the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco, with President Arnaud presiding.

Members present (34) : P. H. Arnaud, Jr., P. D. Ashlock, D. J. Burdick,

E. P. Catts, H. V. Daly, W. A. Doolin, R. L. Doutt, C. Dudley, J. G. Edwards,

P. R. Ehrlich, E. 0. Essig, W. E. Ferguson, S. M. Fullerton, 0. W. Graf, Jr.,

K. S. Hagen, Laura M. Henry, P. D. Hurd, Jr., E. L. Kessel, D. H. Kistner,

J. F. Lawrence, H. B. Leech, D. D. Linsdale, E. G. Linsley, C. D. MacNeill,

J. W. MacSwain, Jane MacSwain, A. E. Michelbacher, J. A. Powell, D. C.

Rentz, F. E. Skinner, R. F. Smith, L. A. Stange, W. A. Steffan, J. W. Tilden.

Visitors (19) : Yvonne Arquette, Sang Hee Bae, D. C. Brodahl, R. M.

Brown, Patricia Jenna, Jane Lawrence, Juanita Linsley, R. S. Macdonald,

P. S. Messenger, J. H. Poorbaugh, B. E. Pullen, F. J. Radovsky, M. J.

Richards, 0. W. Richards, Libby Smith, B. Sturgess, G. Torres, K. A. Trex-

ler, P. Wygodzinsky.

The minutes of the meeting held December 16, 1960 were summarized.

One new member was elected: Lee E. Olsen, Loma Linda, California;

and Donald J. Burdick, Fresno, California, was reinstated to membership.

President Arnaud appointed a science fair judging committee of H. B.

Leech, chairman, Laura M. Henry, and D. D. Linsdale; and an annual field

day committee of P. D. Hurd, Jr., chairman, J. G. Edwards, and C. D.

MacNeill.

R. L. Doutt displayed specimens of Medetera arnaudi (Harmston)

(Diptera: Dolichopodidae) , the adults of which are predaceous on Collem-

bola and Psocidae, and presented some observations made on a colony of

these flies in El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California.

C. D. MacNeill called attention to a recently issued book, How to Know

the Butterflies, by P. R. Ehrlich, A. H. Ehrlich, and others (Wm. C. Brown

Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 262 pp. 1961), which is one of the Pictured Key

Nature Series, edited by H. E. Jaques.

H. B. Leech exhibited two books: A Manual of Common Beetles of

Eastern North America, by E. S. Dillon and L. S. Dillon (Row, Peterson

and Co., Evanston, Illinois. 884 pp. 1961.), and The Beetles of the United

States (A Manual for Identification), by R. H. Arnett, Jr. (The Catholic

University of America Press, Washington, D. C. Issued in loose-leaf form,

this first section has 210 pp. I960.).

H. B. Leech also read a letter from a member of the Italian Entomological

Society in Rome who wishes to exchange beetles of various families, and is

interested in buying or exchanging literature on beetles, especially

Cicindelidae.

Dr. O. W. Richards, University of London, England, currently a visiting

Professor of Entomology at the University of California, Berkeley, gave the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

first major presentation of the meeting on “Wingless Diptera.” Dr. Richards

has long been interested in wingless flies, and he discussed the habits,

structural modifications, evolutionary trends and taxonomic problems of

some groups of these flies on a world-wide basis.

Dr. M. J. Richards, Anti-Locust Research Centre, London, wife of Dr.

0. W. Richards, presented the second principal part of the program by dis-

cussing “The Role of Pheromones in the Life of the Desert Lccust.” She

spoke about the experimental work being done on hormones excreted to

the exterior of the body in relation to the synchronized formation of

economically devastating swarms of locusts.

The meeting adjourned to a coffee social in the entomology rooms.

— Frank E. Skinner, Secretary.

Two Hundred and Seventy-fourth Meeting

The 274th meeting was held Saturday, April 22, 1961, at 2:00 P.M., in

the Lecture Room of the Gleeson Library on the campus of the University

of San Francisco, with President Arnaud presiding.

Members present (27) : P. H. Arnaud, Jr., D. J. Burdick, Helen K. Court,

R. L. Doutt, C. Dudley, J. G. Edwards, E. 0. Essig, W. E. Ferguson, S. M.

Fullerton, Laura M. Henry, J. C. Hitchcock, Jr., E. L. Kessel, D. H. Kistner,

R. L. Langston, T. C. Lawrence, H. B. Leech, C. D. MacNeill, A. S. Menke,

A. E. Michelbacher, C. 0. Mohr, F. D. Parker, J. A. Powell, E. S. Ross,

F. E. Skinner, G. I. Stage, L. A. Stange, J. W. Tilden.

Visitors (25) : M. M. Boreham, D. C. Brodahl, D. Cavagnaro, J. G. Chill-

cott, S. L. Dederian, Marie Essig, Q. A. Geering, H. T. Harvey, J. A. Hen-

drickson, Jr., D. N. Hennings, Mrs. J. C. Hitchcock, Jr., Evelyn Langston,

Robin Leech, K. Lehre, M. Marquis, Martha Michelbacher, Frances Powell,

M. J. Richards, 0. W. Richards, C. Slobodchikoff, M. Svanevik, K. A.

Trexler, J. Vander Meer, D. A. Vanoncini, P. Wygodzinsky.

The minutes of the meeting held February 25, 1961 were summarized.

Four new members were elected: Leland Chandler, Lafayette, Indiana;

W. W. Wiard, Jr., Chico, California; Alexander Panasenko, Berkeley, Cali-

fornia; and William Wills, Fresno, California. In addition, Kenneth E.

Frick, Berkeley, California, was re-instated to membership.

J. A. Powell reported that the annual field day committee had not yet

decided on a location for the spring picnic.

H. B. Leech announced that the Society’s science fair judging committee

for the Eighth Annual Bay Area Science Fair, held April 8-13, 1961, at the

California Academy of Sciences, had found no exhibit which would fully

qualify for the Society’s annual award. However, the collection of Brent Du

Boce Rourke, Grade 7, Colma School, Colma, California, Mr. Thomas Joyce,

Adviser, was deemed worthy of an award of a copy of E. S. Ross’s book,

Insects Close Up, and 300 insect pins.

J. W. Tilden exhibited specimens of balloon flies of the genus Empis.

Swarms of males carrying preyless balloons, one male with two balloons, were

found on April 16, 1961 (7:30 A.M.) at El Portal, Mariposa County, Cali-

fornia (elevation 2,100 feet). He noted that this is the first North American

record of a balloon fly making a vesicular balloon without prey.

January, 1962]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOC.

J. A. Powell showed photographs of moth eggs of the genus Ethmia,

and presented the following note:

“During the past two weeks, living, adults of Ethmia brevistriga Clarke

and A 1 , arctostaphylella (Walsingham) were obtained with the assistance of

C. D. MacNeill. Subsequent oviposition in the laboratory revealed that the

eggs are deposited singly on the host. Those of E. brevistriga, shown in the

photograph, were laid on the upper parts of Phacelia distans between the

dense, stiff hairs. Eggs of Ethmiidae apparently have not previously been

reported, at least in North America.”

W. E. Ferguson presented a talk on “Biological Observations on Mutillid

Wasps,” illustrated with a series of color slides, boxes of specimens, and an

assortment of soil-nesting bee cells in which mutillids had developed.

E. S. Ross gave an extensive picture story of “An Entomologist in

Madagascar,” based on his fine color photographs, which depicted the

general features of the island and also the insects and other creatures

distinctive of this region.

Refreshments following the meeting were generously provided by cour-

tesy of the Jesuit Fathers of the University of San Francisco. — Frank E.

Skinner, Secretary.

Two Hundred and Seventy-fifth Meeting

The 275th meeting, the annual field day, was held Saturday, May 27,

1961, at the Upper Mitchell Canyon Park, north of Mount Diablo, near

Clayton, Contra Costa County, California.

Members present (15): H. V. Daly, J. G. Edwards, W. E. Ferguson,

R. U. Langston, J. F. Lawrence, H. B. Leech, C. D. MacNeill, J. W. Mac-

Swain, W. W. Middlekauff, W. H. Nutting, J. A. Powell, E. S. Ross, F. E.

Skinner, W. A. Steffan, Y. Tanada.

Visitors (51) : Yvonne Arquette, Laura, Philip and Rose Bonhag, F. R.

Brace, R. M. Brown, Barbara and Diane Daly, H. V. Davis, Alice and Jane

Edwards, Rick, Robin and Stephenie Ferguson, Patricia Jenna, Ann, Bruce,

Evelyn and Greg Langston, Jane Lawrence, Bill and Robin Leech, Grace,

Daren, Linn and Nora MacNeill, John and Nancy MacSwain, M. Marquis

and son, Phyllis Middlekauff, S. Nagasawa and family, Bill, Priscilla and

Rick Nutting, Carrie and Frances Powell, M. J. and 0. W. Richards, Clark

and Wilda Ross, David, Jean, Roger and Susan Skinner, Edna Tanada and

children.

All of the facilities of this private recreational area were reserved for

exclusive use of the Society, including picnic tables, swimming pool, wading

pool, and baseball field. The diversified ecological situations, ranging from

a wooded running stream to the higher slopes of the chamise and digger

pine areas, provided good collecting. An outstanding item of interest was

E. S. Ross’s new expedition truck, which was designed especially for his

forthcoming trip to the Orient. — Frank E. Skinner, Secretary.

Two Hundred and Seventy-sixth Meeting

The 276th meeting was held Friday, November 3, 1961, at 7:30 P.M., in

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

the Morrison Auditorium of the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco, with Secretary Skinner presiding.

Members present (43) : R. P. Allen, J. R. Anderson, L. C. Armin, P. D.

Ashlock, Lois R. Breimeier, J. S. Buckett, D. J. Burdick, W. R. Cothran,

H. V. Daly, J. Drew, G. I. D’Souza, R. E. Eastwood, J. G. Edwards, W. E.

Ferguson, D. P. Furman, R. H. Gonzalez, R. E. Hall, W. E. Hazeltine,

P. D. Hurd, Jr., M. E. Irwin, D. W. Jamieson, U. Kinet, J. F. Lawrence,

H. B. Leech, C. D. MacNeill, C. 0. Mohr, C. G. Moore, Jr., W. D. Murray,

C. W. O’Brien, F. D. Parker, J. A. Powell, D. C. Rentz, Judy Ross, T. N.

Seeno, F. E. Skinner, R. R. Snelling, G. I. Stage, H. E. Stark, W. A. Steffan,

R. W. Thorp, J. W. Tilden, Nancy Twomey, R. L. Usinger.

Visitors (20) : N. D. Addy, Margaret Bohart, Mrs. John Drew, Stephenie

Ferguson, W. A. Foster, Kay Furman, Mrs. R. H. Gonzalez, J. A. Hendrick-

son, Jr., D. H. Janzen, Patt Kennett, R. S. Macdonald, Frances Murray,

L. Nault, J. H. Poorbaugh, N. Raske, T. Shetaniski, J. Snell, B. Sturgess,

P. V. Vail, D. Veirs.

The minutes of the meeting held April 22, 1961 and of the annual field

day held May 27, 1961 were summarized.

Fourteen new members were elected: John R. Anderson, Berkeley, Cali-

fornia; Lois R. Breimeier, Berkeley, California; John S. Buckett, Petaluma,

California; Warren R. Cothran, Dos Palos, California; John Drew, Berke-

ley, California; George I. D’Souza, Davis, California; Roy Earl Eastwood,

San Jose, California; Donald A. Eliason, Davis, California; Roberto H.

Gonzalez, Davis, California; Michael E. Irwin, Davis, California; Dean Wm.

Jamieson, Santa Clara, California; Urbain Kinet, San Francisco, California;

Chester G. Moore, Jr., Davis, California; Nancy Twomey, Berkeley, Cali-

fornia.

The Society regretfully noted the death of Dr. M. A. Stewart on October

16, 1961 in Berkeley, California. Dr. Stewart was Professor of Parasitology

and Dean of the Graduate Division of the University of California at Berke-

ley. A Society member from 1935 until 1950, he served as President in 1944,

and was a member of both the Program and Publication Committees from

1943 to 1950.

It was announced that President Arnaud left in June of 1961 to spend

a year at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and that

Vice-President Hagen would leave November 4, 1961 to spend a year in

Greece.

Appointments to two committees were made: nominating, R. L. Doutt,

chairman, H. B. Leech, and J. A. Powell; and auditing, E. L. Kessel, chair-

man, W. E. Ferguson, and C. D. MacNeill.

D. C. Rentz exhibited a striking specimen of a five-inch long grass-

hopper, Tropidacris sp., taken in June of 1961 in San Francisco on a ship

from Ecuador, where the grasshopper is a common pest.

R. P. Allen presented the following note on a host record of two

Buprestidae, and displayed specimens of the beetles:

“Suaeda jruticosa (L. ) Forsk., sometimes known as alkali blite, is a

January, 1962]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOC.

low, woody perennial xerophytic shrub common to some alkaline flats in the

San Joaquin Valley. Adults of two species of Buprestidae (det. P. D. Hurd,

Jr.) have been reared from the heavy basal portion of the branches.

“Hippomelas pacijica Chamberlin 1938 was described from four adults

taken in Fresno and Kings Counties, and to the writer’s knowledge has not

been collected in the open since. Three adults have been obtaind by rearing

larvae found in S. fruticosa. These larvae have been noted occasionally in

host material from Tulare, Fresno and Kings Counties. The plant is more

widespread.

“Acmaeodera nigrovittata Van Dyke 1934 has been reared in large

numbers from the same shrub. No previous host record is known.”

J. G. Edwards gave the following note and showed specimens:

“A very large specimen of Bombomima grossa (Fabricius) was collected

on August 19, 1961 near Hillsboro, Ohio. This extremely robust, hairy,

yellow-and-black asilid fly bears a remarkable resemblance to a bumblebee.

Nearby was another large asilid, of a different genus, feeding upon a small

bumblebee.”

The principal speaker was Dr. R. M. Bohart, Vice-Chairman of the De-

partment of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Davis,

who recently journeyed to Europe to study Linnaean and Fabrician type

specimens of wasps. He discussed the current conditions of some of the

important Western European entomological collections, the personalities of

their curators, and the facilities for study which are available to visiting

entomologists. A series of color slides provided a fascinating study of the

places and people of which he spoke.

A coffee social in the entomology rooms followed the meeting. — Frank E.

Skinner, Secretary.

Two Hundred and Seventy-seventh Meeting

The 277th meeting was held Saturday, December 16, 1961, at 2:00 P.M.,

in the Morrison Auditorium of the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco, with Secretary Skinner presiding.

Members present (30) : R. P. Allen, J. R. Anderson, W. F. Barr, J. S.

Buckett, E. P. Catts, J. A. Chemsak, H. V. Daly, R. L. Doutt, J. G. Edwards,

E. 0. Essig, W. E. Ferguson, D. P. Furman, D. Giuliani, R. E. Hall, Laura

M. Henry, U. Kinet, J. Litsinger, P. Lounibos, C. D. MacNeill, A. E.

Michelbacher, A. Panasenko, J. A. Powell, D. C. Rentz, F. E. Skinner,

G. I. Stage, H. E. Stark, V. Stombler, J. W. Tilden, R. H. Van Zwaluwen-

burg, W. Wills.

Visitors (30) : E. Benjamini, D. C. Brodahl, R. M. Brown, B. N. Chaniotis,

J. De Weese, Alice and Jane Edwards, S. Erickson, Stephenie Ferguson,

D. N. Hennings, N. M. Kanes, B. Knabke, R. S. Macdonald, Dawn Panasenko,

F. J. Radovsky, N. Resnick, G. Schot, K. Schroen, J. Snell, R. Steinbruck,

B. Sturgess, D. Veirs, J. Wong, Janis D. Young, G. W. Zimmerman.

The minutes of the meeting held November 3, 1961 were summarized.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

Two new members were elected: James Litsinger, Berkeley, California,

and Philip Lounibos, Petaluma, California; and John A. Chemsak, Berkeley,

California, and Victor Stombler, Sacramento, California, were reinstated to

membership.

R. C. Miller presented the treasurer’s report, and C. D. MacNeill, of the

auditing committee, reported that the financial records of the past year

were in order. Both reports were accepted by the Society.

It was announced that a gift of $250.00 had been made to the Society

by E. R. Leach, whose membership dates from 1916, and the only one in

the Society who is both a Life Member and Honored Member.

It was also announced that the Executive Board had appointed R. L.

Doutt and R. L. Usinger to three year terms on the Publication Committee,

and R. M. Bohart to a one year term to fill the vacancy left by E. 0. Essig,

who asked to be relieved of duties on this committee.

R. L. Doutt, chairman of the nominating committee, presented the names

of the nominees, and the following people were elected as Society officers

for 1962: President, Richard M. Bohart; Vice-President, Laura M. Henry;

Secretary, Howell V. Daly; Treasurer, Robert C. Miller.

W. E. Ferguson exhibited a portable illuminator, for use with a stereo-

scopic microscope, which consists of a pen-light bulb (of the type that

produces a concentrated spot of light) attached to a two-cell flashlight by

means of a length of flexible wire.

J. A. Powell presented the following note, exhibited the specimens con-

cerned, and showed color slides of the bristlecone pine:

“The widespread pine-feeding cerambycid, Callidium antennatum hesperum

Casey (det. J. A. Chemsak), was reared from a fallen limb of Pinus aristata,

bristlecone pine, collected near the Crooked Creek Laboratory, at an eleva-

tion of 10,150 feet, in the White Mountains, Mono County, California, on

July 4, 1961. Included in the series, which emerged during late November

and early December, was a teratological specimen, having one curiously

malformed hind tibia. The endemic P. aristata is a previously unrecorded

host for Callidium.”

A. Panasenko, of the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Laboratory

of Medical Entomology, Richmond, California, gave an illustrated talk on

“The Experimental Induction of Mosquito Bite Sensitivity In Guinea Pigs

by Low Molecular Weight Compounds Obtained From an Extract of Aedes

aegypti.” His abstract is as follows:

“A saline extract of whole mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), was

fractionated by gel filtration using a “Sephadex G-25” column. The frac-

tionation was followed by optical density determinations of the eluates at

280 mu. Six fractions were obtained, of which one was of high molecular

weight (greater than 4000) and five of low molecular weight (less than 4000).

The activity of the fractions related to mosquito bite hypersensitivity was

assayed on guinea pigs by intradermal injections of the fractions in com-

bination with Freund’s complete adjuvant, and subsequent challenges with

bites of mosquitoes. Mosquito bite hypersensitivity was induced by several

January, 1962

MORRIS ALBION STEWART

of the low molecular weight fractions indicating that some of the substances

responsible for mosquito bite hypersensitivity are haptenic in nature.

“These findings correlate with those obtained in our laboratory which

showed that flea bite hypersensitivity could be induced by low molecular

weight fractions obtained from fleas. In addition to the above similarity be-

tween flea bite and mosquito bite hypersensitivity it was found that hyper-

sensitivity to mosquito bites is first manifested by delayed skin reactions

which are later accompanied by immediate reactivity.”

H. E. Stark introduced a film on “Plague in Sylvatic Areas,” produced

by the Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Frank

M. Prince, Technical Adviser (Film No. M440), a 25 minute color film

with sound, which covers a subject of great importance to California and

other western states during this period of great population growth and

urban development.

The final part of the program was the narration by R. P. Allen of a

short film on the Japanese beetle, showing control efforts against the recent

infestation in Sacramento, California.

The meeting adjourned to a coffee social in the entomology rooms.

— Frank E. Skinner, Secretary.

MORRIS ALBION STEWART

1902-1961

The death of Morris A. Stewart on October 16, 1961, brought

to a close a distinguished academic, scientific and administrative

career. He was a native of Bath, Maine and obtained his early

training in entomology at the University of New Hampshire,

receiving the B.S. degree in 1924. Subsequent work in entomol-

ogy and parasitology at Cornell University culminated in the M.S.

degree in 1926 and the Ph.D. degree in 1929.

Dr. Stewart evinced an early interest in the systematics of

Siphonaptera, and became known as a world authority on their

classification. It is a tribute to the breadth and depth of his inter-

ests that he is even better known for his research on the health

of man and animals as affected by parasites. He pioneered in

studies on myiasis-producing flies which attack man and livestock

and in the control of numerous other insect pests. He was active

also in research on internal helminth parasites of mammals and

published many scientific papers on their biology and control.

He began his teaching career as an Instructor of Biology at the

University of Rochester, followed by several years on the staff

of the Rice Institute, where he worked with Dr. A. C. Chandler

in parasitology. In 1935 he joined the faculty of the University of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

California as Assistant Professor, and rose to Professor of Para-

sitology and Entomologist in the Experiment Station in 1947. In

addition to his other duties he served as Assistant Dean of the

Graduate Division, starting in 1945, and was appointed Dean in

1956.

Despite the many administrative responsibilities of later years,

teaching remained of vital interest to Dr. Stewart. His lectures,

always scholarly, drew upon an extraordinary wealth of personal

experience and an encyclopedic knowledge of his subject. The

marked warmth and human understanding which characterized

his relations with students stimulated an esprit de corps and united

with a common bond graduates since scattered throughout the

world.

Dr. Stewart was an active member of many scientific societies.

In 1943 and 1944 he was vice-president and president, re-

spectively, of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society. Addi-

tionally he served as chairman or member of several important

committees of this organization. He was a fellow of several socie-

ties, including the Entomological Society of America and the

American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In addition to his teaching and purely professional services,

Dr. Stewart participated in a truly astounding number and

variety of activities. He was a leading member of the Associa-

tion of Graduate Schools in the Association of American Uni-

versities. He was past president of the Leonardo da Vinci

Society of San Francisco, a society fostering the appreciation

and understanding of Italian culture. His work in the field of

international relations brought him two awards from foreign

governments in 1960, when he was presented with the Royal

Order of the North Star with Rank of Officer by the King of

Sweden, and made a Cavaliere of the Order of Merit by the

Republic of Italy. His undergraduate alma mater, the Univer-

sity of New Hampshire, awarded him an LL.D. degree in

1958, in recognition of his distinguished attainment in the

field of higher education.

Stricken with ill health in the last few years of his life, he

continued to carry a heavy burden of responsibility. His courage

and uselfish devotion remain an inspiration to those who were

fortunate in being able to know and to work with him. — Deane

P. Furman, University of California, Berkeley.

January, 1962]

Zoological nomenclature

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Notice of Proposed use of Plenary Powers in Certain

Cases (A. (n.s.) 52)

In accordance with a decision of the 13th International Congress

of Zoology, 1948, public notice is hereby given of the possible use

by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature of

its plenary powers in connection with the following cases, full

details of which will be found in Bulletin of Zoological Nomencla-

ture, Vol. 19, Part 1 to be published on 2 February 1962:

(1) Validation of Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 (Insecta, Coleoptera).

Z.N.(S.) 81;

(7) Validation of Corixa affinis Leach, 1817 (Insecta, Hemiptera).

Z.N. (S.) 1482.

Any zoologist who wishes to comment on any of the above cases

should do so in writing, and in duplicate, as soon as possible, and

in any case before 2 August 1962. Each comment should bear the

reference number of the case in question. Comment received early

enough will be published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomencla-

ture. Those received too late for publication will, if received before

2 August 1962 be brought to the attention of the Commission at

the time of commencement of voting.

All communications on the above subject should be addressed

as follows: The Secretary, International Commission on Zoological

Nomenclature, c/o British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell

Road, LONDON, S. W. 7, England. — W. E. China, Assistant

Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomen-

clature.

BOOK NOTICE

THE GROUND-BEETLES (CARABIDAE, EXCL. CICINDELINAE) OF

CANADA AND ALASKA. Part 2. By Carl H. Lindroth. Opuscula

Entomologica, Supplementum XX: 1-200, text figs. 9-101, most of them

compound; also a loose sheet, to precede p. 1, having explanations of

abbreviations on its two sides. August, 1961. Available from the Zoologi-

cal Institute, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, at 20 Swedish Crowns.

Part 2 of this important work has appeared first; four others will follow,

while Part 1 containing the introduction, keys to genera, etc., will come last

and be paged in Roman figures.

Part 2 covers the Trachypachinae to Trechini of the Carabinae (Lindroth

does not differentiate the “Harpalinae” of American authors from the

Carabinae). There are keys to the species of all the larger genera treated;

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XXXVIII, NO. 1

in some cases these are to the Canadian and Alaskan species only, in others

(Sphaeroderus, Nebria, Notiophilus, Elaphrus, Loricera, Schizogenius,

Patrobus, Diplous) he offers new keys to the North American species. It is

interesting to compare his keys with other recent ones covering most of the

same species, e.g. Van Dyke (1945) for Carabus, Hatch (1953) for Nebria,

etc.

Nine new species are described in Dyschirius, one in Nebria. The text

figures are pertinent; in most cases the male genitalia of the Nearctic species

have not been illustrated before. There are notes on species erroneously

recorded for Canada or Alaska, and on some species related to those which

are more fully treated. Data on the ecology and dynamics are given for

most species. The somewhat informal listing of synonyms requires careful

reading, as several are new here. A great many abbreviations are used;

following European practice, an exclamation mark after a locality indicates

that the author personally saw specimens so labeled in the designated

collection.

An innovation is that where there is no locality given for a type, or

where it is very general, dubious or obviously incorrect, Lindroth has

designated a definite [newl type locality. He has thus designated type

localities for the Thomas Say species he treats. — Hugh B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

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horn fly and sheep ked.

DELNAV is the technical grade

of the chemical 2,3,p-dioxanedithiol

S, S - bis (0, O-diethyl phosphorodithi-

oate).

HERCULES POWDER. COMPANY

INCORPORATED

Hercules Tower, 91,0 Market Street, Wilmington 99, Delaware

SV61-3

Brownsville, Texas • Dallas • Fresno • Greenville, Mississippi

Louisiana, Mo. • Montgomery, Ala. • Phoenix • Raleigh • San Francisco

THIS MAGNIFICENT NEW

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER

WAS CREATED ON OUR

FAITH IN YOUR FUTURE

Working in new laboratories and greenhouses equipped with sci-

entific apparatus unknown just a few years ago, 200 American

Cyanamid Company scientists develop new chemicals to help agri-

culture produce more, better, at lower cost.

Cyanamid’s new Agricultural Center in Princeton, New Jer-

sey, is a 640-acre experimental farm dedicated to finding new

products and new ideas that will solve the problems facing every-

one in the business of farming : insects, diseases and the hungers

of plants and animals. Here, new or improved chemicals for agri-

culture will go the long road from idea, through test tube, pilot

plant, on-farm test, to proven performance.

Your future is part of this new Center. For it could not have

been built without your demand for better, lower-cost chemical

tools for farming. We proudly dedicate these facilities to all the

men and women who shape the future of agriculture.

American Cyanamid Company, Agricultural Division, Prince-

ton, N. J ., developers and producers of malathion, Thimet® and

parathion insecticides ; Cyprex® fungicide ; HCN and Cyanogas®

fumigants; Amino Triazole and Aero® Cyanate weed killers.

A yield that increases a farmer’s income.

A lawn that makes a man smile with

pride. A home protected from termite

damage. A community safe from insect-

borne pestilence.

These are the end results of Velsicol

research in pesticide chemicals. Velsicol’s

insecticides and herbicides make soil more

productive, living more pleasant, and life

more comfortable throughout the world.

CHLORDANE ... a versatile, long re-

sidual insecticide for household, lawn and

garden use, termite control, and municipal

public health programs.

HEPTACHLOR ... a highly effective

soil insecticide for use on agricultural

crops. Also widely used for termite and

mosquito control.

ENDRIN ... a powerful chlorinated hy-

drocarbon insecticide that is especially

effective against resistant and hard-to-kill

insect pests of crops.

NEW PRODUCTS OF VELSICOL RESEARCH-BANDANE . . . a new pre-emergence crabgrass control.

BAN VEL ... a promising new herbicide for weeds in small grains and turf. EMMI ... a mercurial seed treater for

small grains and gladiolus corms; also has shown promising preliminary results in control of turfgrass diseases.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

VELSICOL CHEMICAL CORPORATION

330 East Grand Avenue • Chicago II, Illinois

International representative: Velsicol International Corporation. C. A.

P. O. Box 1687— Nassau, Bahamas, B.W.T.

Velsicol Internacional de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. • Morelos No. 110— Desp. 209 • Mexico 6. D.F.

SPRAY ADJUVANTS

DESIGNED TO INCREASE THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

FLUXIT • MULTI-FILM "L" • MULTI-FILM "C"

COLLOIDAL Z-l • COLLOIDAL X-77

C-P-5 DUST STICKER • SEED COAT

Inquiries Invited Relating to Specific Problems

COLLOIDAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION

100 GATE 5 ROAD SAUSALITO, CALIF.

FOR MORE PROFIT

ON THE FARM

Pesticides * Fungicides

Weed and Brush Killers

CALIFORNIA FARM

SUPPLY COMPANY

A Farm Bureau Service

Home Office:

2855 Telegraph Avenue

Berkeley 5, California

A Service for the Field

Testing & Evaluation

Agricultural Chemicals

Under Western Conditions

Entomology

Chemistry

Floriculture

Engineering

Plant Pathology

Trojan Laboratories

Box 326

Montebello, California

Vll

"SIGN

SUCCESS”

from

STAUFFER

CHEMICAL

RESEARCH

In Stauffer laboratories today, scientists are developing new com-

pounds which will control destructive crop pests tomorrow.

Already on the market are many products of Stauffer research,

such as VAPAM®, TRITHION® and EPTAM®. Soon to be marketed

is TILLAM (TM), an outstanding material for weed control in

tomatoes and sugar beets.

Look to Stauffer for the finest in farm pest controls!

©Vapam, Trithion and Eptam are Stauffer's Reg. T.M.’s for soil fumigant, an insecticide-acaricide,

and an herbicide.

(TM) Tillam is Stauffer’s T.M. for an herbicide.

STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY

Western Offices: San Francisco * Los Angeles

North Portland, Ore. • Glendale, Ariz. • Fresno

Vlll

Putting Ideas to Work

for Better Pest Control

.Niagara

^ ® ^

® ^

^< 43 ?

Niagara is in the forefront of research and devel-

opment. As new technical materials are discovered

and developed through outstanding formulation

you are assured the same high quality associated

with: Tedion,® Phostex,® Thiodan * Ethion, and

Niagaramite.® Although the list is much longer,

the important fact is that at Niagara, tomorrow’s

chemical advances will be built on the sound re-

search of yesterday and today,

"Trademark, Farbwerke Hoechst A.G.

Putting ideas to Work

NIAGARA CHEMICAL DIVISION

ANAHEIM • FRESNO • RICHMOND • YAKIMA

Home Office: MIDDLEPORT, NEW YORK

Chemagro: source of a constantly growing crop

of better chemicals for agriculture.

Farmer, stockman or grower; chances are he can use one or more of these

Chemagro products. Why should he? Because he's using the most efficient

and effective chemical control for his dollar. He’s buying Chemagro research

and quality products, second to none. These go hand in hand with a growing

field technical service widely recognized for its professional stature. But,

whatever material is needed, if the name is encircled in the blue bullseye of

Chemagro, you can recommend it CHEMAGRO "C&»uarfaM Ofuca&z^- Q^^/ ''

With Confidence. Chemagro Corporation • Hawthorn Road • Kansas City 20, Missouri

Constant, dependable supplies assured from strategically located plants and

warehouses. See your Pennsalt dealer or local Pennsalt representative for

assistance in your control program.

Ask for Penco Technical Bulletins

Agricultural Chemicals Division

PENNSALT CHEMICALS CORPORATION

TACOMA 1, WASHINGTON

t t

Aurora, Illinois Bryan, Texas Los Angeles and Fresno, California

Montgomery, Ala. Portland, Ore. Wenatchee and Yakima, Washington

Pennsalt

ESTABLISHED 1850

Label directions on all chemicals are important. There

are thousands of agricultural chemicals available

today, and the correct usage of these chemicals

depends upon the understanding of the product s

function and application. The labels and the directions

they carry are carefully prepared by expert scientific

personnel. It is most important that the user of these

products be alerted to the importance of careful read-

ing of directions concerning dilution and application.

In order to help remind the public, the Ortho Division

of California Chemical Company is making available

the sticker shown above, free of charge. Address

requests for stickers to California Chemical Company,

Ortho Division, Richmond, California, Dept. LAC.

CALIFORNIA CHEMICAL

COMPANY

Ortho Division

Richmond, California

Xll

INSECT PINS

$4.00 PER THOUSAND

(40^ per package of 100)

Sizes 0 to 7; Reg. black, imported

Your order shipped in 24 hours

L. CLAIR ARMIN

417 PALM AVENUE REEDLY, CALIFORNIA

Personnel Placement

POSITIONS OPEN

SALESMAN:

With entomology training and sales experience. Local

area sales work. Know California crops. Salary, bonus,

expenses, auto.

Send resume of experience to:

CALIFORNIA FARM SUPPLY COMPANY

2855 Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley 5, California

BRANCH MANAGER:

Experienced entomology, fertilizers and strong sales

background. Good salary, share of profits, expenses,

auto.

Send resume of background to:

CALIFORNIA FARM SUPPLY COMPANY

2855 Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley 5, California

Xlll

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•: :

microbial insecticide —

a NEW approach

insect control

This new weapon against insects

has created considerable interest,

particularly where residues on

crops are a problem. Bakthane®

L-69 contains, as active ingredient,

a pure culture of 75 billion . viable

spores of Bacillus thuringiensis

Berliner per gram. These spores

control certain insects, like

imported cabbage worm, cabbage

looper, artichoke plume moth,

tobacco budworm and hornworm,

when ingested by them. Bakthane

L-69 may be applied as a wettable

powder, as a dust, or as a bait, and

is suggested as a replacement or a

supplement to chemical insecti-

cides. Presently recommended for

use on the following crops: cab-

bage, cauliflower, broccoli, celery,

lettuce, potatoes, artichokes, and

tobacco, Bakthane has also

proved valuable to many other

crops in preliminary tests. This

new kind of insecticide has been

exempted from residue tolerance

requirements on the crops men-

tioned, plus alfalfa, apples, beans,

cotton and spinach. You can use

it right up to harvest. Contact

your dealer for timing, and dosage

directions.

ROHlyl

HA & AS

PHILADELPHIA 5. PA.

ERIC M. FISHER

Vol. XXXVIII APRIL, 1962

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

CONTENTS

\/\

LINSLEY — The colletid Ptiloglossa arizonensis Timberlake,

a matinal pollinator of Solanum 75

HODGES — A review of the genus Periploca with descriptions

of nine new species 1 .

.83

STAGE & SLOBODCHIKOFF — New distribution and host record

of Bareogonalos canadensis (Harrington) 97

GRIGARICK & SCHUSTER — Notes on Hesperotychus 99

CHEMSAK — New North American species of elaphidionine

Cerambycidae 103

PARKER — Two hosts of Lomachaeta variegata Mickel 116

BLACKWELDER — Directory of zoological taxonomists 116

BOHART — The Tachytes pepticus group in North America 117

POWELL — Host-parasite relationships of California Tortricinae 131

^ PARKER — A host of Chrysis (Trichrysis) mucronata Brulle and

an additional host of Chrysis (Chrysis) coerulans Fabricius 140

BOOK REVIEWS 112, 129

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 82, 102

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1962 MEETING 130

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA • 1962

Published by the PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

in cooperation with THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES