Vol. Ill July, 1926 No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DUZEE, M. C., THE GENUS MICROPEZA IN NORTH AMERICA . . . .

VAN DUZEE, M. C., THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HYDROPHORUS . .

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, A NEW XYLOMYGES FROM CALIFORNIA . . . .

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NEW SPECIES OF COLORADIA

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, SYNONYMIC NOTES ON ARCTIIDHi

MOULTON, NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA

MCGREGOR, A DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE DEGREE OF INSECT

OCCURRENCE

HARDY AND PREECE, NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CERAMBYCID^ . . , .

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, A NEW FORM OF SABULODES CABERATA . . . .

ESSIG, THE MADRONA APHIS

FLANDERS, INSECT ENEMIES OF THE CODLING MOTH

VAN DUZEE, E. P., TYPHLOCYBA VS. EUPTERYX

EDITORIAL COMMENT

San Francisco, California

1926

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. Ill, No. 1. July, 1926

THE GENUS MICROPEZA IN NORTH AMERICA

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, Neiv York

The following table of species is taken largely from the

descriptions, although I had six of the species before me.

Van der Wulp’s table of species in the Biologia Centrali Ameri-

cana and Mr. E. T. Cresson’s table of species having the first

posterior cell open, in the Transactions of the American Ento-

mological Society, Vol. ix, pages 1-12, were also a great help,

but determinations from the table should not be depended upon

without consulting the original descriptions, as is always the

case with any table of species.

Micropeza californica Van Duzee, new species

Female. Length, 8 mm. Face and cheeks dark reddish; occiput

shining yellow with a broad, U-shaped black band, which is open

above and does not quite reach the neck. This U includes the black

ocellar spot and bares two bristles on each side; below this spot

near the neck on each side is another bristle and several black hairs;

eyes separated on their upper part by reddish orbits, the front below

being black; antennas wholly reddish, arista white; a shining reddish-

brown spot below each antenna.

Thorax and abdomen reddish, most of the dorsum black, the

scutellum opaque black with corners and apical edge reddish. Dor-

sum of thorax with two bristles back of the suture, and one near

the pleural suture halfway from the humeri to the suture, two or

three bristles below and back of the root of the wing; one pair of

marginal bristles on the scutellum. Venter and ovipositor reddish

yelloAV, the latter shining on basal two-thirds, apical third more black

above, ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen.

Coxae, femora, and tibiae reddish yellow; femora with spots or

rings at basal two-fifths and near the apex; tips of all tibiae and

whole of tarsi black. Wings a little grayish, veins brown; first pos-

terior cell closed and short-petiolate; first anal cell cut off squarely

at apex opposite base of radial sector.

Type, female, No. 1878, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, April 3, 1925, at Palm Springs, River-

side County, California,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO, 1

Micropeza lineata Van Duzee, new species

Length, 5-6 mm. Head, thorax, venter of abdomen, coxae, femora

and tibiae pale yellow; front and occiput shining with the following

black marks; a short median line between the eyes, a small spot

around the ocelli, a line on each side, starting back of the upper inner

corner of the eye and extending in an arc to the neck, where they

unite forming a circle, widely separated above, and a small spot

where the postvertical bristles are inserted. Occiput bulging a little

back of the eyes, and extending back two-thirds the width of the

eye; besides the postvertical bristles there are two more on each side

placed along the black circular line. Antennae yellow with upper

edge of third joint narrowly black; a round black spot on the face

below each antenna; sides of face silvery pollinose.

Dorsum of thorax with four brown lines, which are somewhat

convergent in front where they unite into two and end in black

spots; middle pair ending posteriorly at the suture with a black dot

behind the suture at the end of each, the space between them more

whitish; the lateral lines continue beyond the suture halfway to the

scutellum where there is a very narrow median line between them;

scutellum yellow with a black spot at base in the center and one

pair of marginal bristles. Dorsum of thorax Avith two bristles on

each side back of the suture, one near the pleural suture and one

just in front of the dorsal suture; pleurae with one bristle and several

hairs below the wing, plur^ with a brown stripe, narrow at the

neck, wider posteriorl 3 '^, not very well defined but extending their

whole length. Upper surface of first tAvo abdominal segments

blackish. Lower surface of thorax with long hairs, pale and black

mixed. Hind femora with a row of black hairs on middle third of

anterior surface. Tips of all tibiae and all tarsi deep black.

Wings grayish, veins yelloAv; first posterior cell open; first anal

cell cut off squarely at apex (not but little bej^ond the base of the

radial sector).

T 3 ^pe, No. 1879, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van

Duzee, June 25, 1922, at Utah Lake, Lehi, Utah.

The abdomen of the type is injured so as to make the sex

and length of body a little uncertain, but the species should be

readily recognized by the characters given.

Table of the North American Species of Micropeza

1. Femora with brown or black rings or spots 2

— . Femora without brown rings or spots 12

2. Abdomen rufous with the hind margins of the segments

yellow, sometimes the abdomen testaceous (Mexico),

male of stigmaiica Van der Wulp

— . Abdomen black, at least on upper surface 3

JULY, 1926]

VAN DUZEE MICROPEZA

3. Antennae black or partly black 4

— . Antennae wholly reddish or yellow 7

4. Thorax unmarked (Mexico), female of incisa Wiedemann

— . Thorax cinereous with distinct lines of brown on the dorsum.... 5

5. Antennae wholly black (Mexico) nigricornis Van der Wulp

— . Antennae partly red or yellow 6

6. Dorsum of thorax with two median stripes and some markings

on each side; pleurae not spotted (Mexico)

bilineata Van der Wulp

' — . Dorsum of thorax with three median lines; pleurae with

numerous small dots (Mexico) stigmatica Van der Wulp

7. Dorsum of thorax brown, densely gray pollinose, with two

median lines and a lateral mark on each side, which is

interrupted at the suture (Lower Cslxiorm^L) ....fiaviventris Cole

— , Thorax without distinct vittae 8

8. Dorsum of thorax reddish 9

— . Dorsum of thorax black 10

9. Pleurae with a straw-yellow stripe above the coxae; wings with

a brown stripe in front (Porto Rico) limbata Roeder

— . Pleurae and wings without stripes (Mexico) divisa Wiedemann

10. Uniformly black in color with some gray reflections; abdomi-

nal segments with narrow gray , hind margins (Mexico)

obscura Bigot

— . Uniformly black, mesonotum with the gray pollen forming

two indistinct lines (Mexico), male of incisa Wiedemann

— , Pleurae partly or wholly red or yellow 11

11. Pleurae pale yellow with a bluish patch in the center (Mexico)

female of incisa Wiedemann

— . Pleurae wholly reddish; abdominal segments with reddish hind

margins; mesonotum black in the center, yellow on the

sides (California) calif ornica new species

12. Antennae wholly black (Arizona) turcana Townsend

— . Antennae partly or wholly yellow or red 13

13. Antennae partly red or yellow, more or less black 14

— . Antenna wholly red or yellow 15

14. Fore part of thorax with four, posterior part with three brown

lines; anal cell not at all acute apically, the vein closing

it nearly perpendicular with sixth vein (Utah)

lineata new species

— . Thorax black in the center of the dorsum; anal cell acute

(Texas ?) turcana ambigua Cresson

15. Front shining black with two large yellow spots before the

antennae; sternopleurae with one brown band (Mexico)

occipitalis Van der Wulp

— . Front black with two straw yellow dots; pleurae with two

brown stripes (Mexico) pectoralis Wiedemann

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

The following three North American species are not included

in the table, as the characters used in the key are not all men-

tioned in the descriptions.

Producta Walker (Georgia, Cuba, Jamaica). First posterior

cell closed in the border of the wing; femora not banded;

thorax and abdomen rufous.

Bisetosa Coquillette (Arizona, New Mexico). Black meso-

notum gray pollinose with four brownish vittae ; posterior mar-

gin of each abdominal segment yellow; third antennal joint

yellow below; femora black with yellow base; coxae yellow;

knobs of halteres inf uscated ; upper part of face, cheeks, mouth

parts and lower part of occiput yellow.

Ruficeps Van der Wulp (Mexico). Antennae red; femora

without dark rings or spots; first posterior cell closed in the

wing margin.

A TABLE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES

OF HYDROPHORUS WITH THE DESCRIPTION

OF A NEW FORM (DIPTERA)

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, New York

In 1864 Doctor Loew published the first table of North

American species of the genus Hydrophorus, separating the

three species known to him at the time. In 1899 Doctor

Wheeler’s table of species of the genus appeared, containing

ten species, and in 1911 Doctor Aldrich revised the genus,

describing a number of new species and giving a table to the

twenty-four species known to him at the time. In 1923 my

table containing thirty-four forms appeared; since then eleven

new species have been published, and in this paper is one more ;

so it seems the time has come when we need another table, that

those working in the genus may more easily determine their

material. The present table separates forty-eight species, all but

one or two of which I have examined in my work on the genus.

Hydrophorus vandykei Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2 mm.; of wing, 4 mm. Upper portion of face

bright green, lower part and a narrow space above the suture thickly

covered with silvery-white pollen; lower orbital cilia and beard

yellow; one pair of postverticals; antennae small, black; front opaque

with brown pollen; occiput dark green, quite shining; cheeks form-

ing a small lobe below the eye.

JULY, 1926]

VAN DUZEE HYDROPHORUS

Dorsum of thorax metallic green, more green along the pleural

suture, pleurae and coxae blackish; one propleural bristle above each

fore coxa; two pairs of scutellar bristles; bristles on fore part of

thorax small; pleurae, coxae, and sides of abdomen with white pollen.

Abdomen short, shining bronze color; hypopygium concealed.

Fore coxae with very small whitish hairs, four moderately long,

black bristles on upper third of outer edge of anterior surface and

several small ones at tip; femora and tibiae shining green, nearly

straight; fore femora thickened at base, regularly tapering to tip.

Wings nearly hyaline; veins black to the root of the wing. Knobs

of halteres blackish.

Type, male. No. 1880, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 8, 1925, at Newport, Oregon.

This would run in a table of species to innotatus Loew, but

differs in having but four bristles on anterior coxae, located

at upper outer corner.

Table of the North American Species of

Hydrophorus

1. Knobs of halteres wholly yellow 2

— . Knobs of halteres infuscated, at least on outer surface 31

2. Postvertical bristles in a row of four or more on each side 3

— . Postverticals only two, as usual 9

3. Scutellum with two or more pairs of marginal bristles 4

— . Scutellum with only one pair of marginal bristles 6

4. Wings with distinct whitish spots or clouds in the cells and at

base (Manitoba) albomaculatus Van Duzee

— . Wings without whitish spots, grayish hj^aline as usual 5

5. Face nearly or quite opaque with white pollen (Western)

argentatus Van Duzee

— . Face opaque with yellow pollen (Eastern) intentus Aldrich

6. Propleuras with two or more black bristles above each fore

coxa 7

— . Propleurae without, or with but one black bristle above each

fore coxa 8

7. Face wholly opaque with pollen (Washington) Aldrich

— . Face wholly shining metallic (California; Lower California)

(Melanderia) curvipes Van Duzee

8. Face and body wholly covered with yellow pollen, which is

very thick in the male (Manitoba) ful‘vidorsuin Van Duzee

— . Pollen thinner and mostly gray, at most only slightly tinged

with yellow (Western) gratiosus Aldrich

9. With two or more black propleural bristles above each fore

coxa 10

— , With only one black propleural bristle above each fore coxa.... 18

— . Without a black propleural bristle 11

THE PAX-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

10. Cheeks narrow, scarcely visible (Alaska) ftavihirtus Van Duzee

— . Cheeks wide, extending considerably below the eyes (Alaska)

bremcauda Van Duzee

11. Second vein of wing very short, ending opposite the cross-vein

(Texas, Kansas, South Dakota, Colorado) cerutias Loew

— . Second vein normal, ending far beyond the cross-vein 12

12. Dorsocentrals minute, white; fore femora of male with a deep

notch near the tip, their tibise bent (Wyoming, Kansas,

South Dakota, California) canes cens Wheeler

• — . Dorsocentrals black 13

13. Middle femora with long white hair on lower surface; last

joint of middle tarsi enlarged; cheeks almost invisible

(Michigan) agalma Wheeler

— . Middle femora with only very short white hair below, or the

hair wholly black; cheeks wide or narrow 14

14. Wings with the cross-vein distinctly infuscated, usually form-

ing a brown spot, sometimes a faint spot on last section of

fourth vein; cheeks wide; beard and hairs on fore coxae

white (Alaska) pectinipes Van Duzee

— . Wings without such spots or infuscation of the cross-veins 15

15. Hairs on dorsum of abdomen almost wholly white 16

— . Hairs on dorsum of abdomen black, except sometimes on the

hind margins of the segments 17

16. Face with white pollen (Alaska) canites Van Duzee

— Face with pale yellow pollen; wing veins and costa yellow

(New York) flavipennis Van Duzee

17. Cheeks wide, extending lobe-like below the eye (Alaska)

pectinipes Van Duzee

— . Cheeks very narrow (British Columbia.) ......nigrinervis Van Duzee

18. Face opaque with pollen, the ground color not showing

through 19

— . Face showing more or less metallic color through the pollen 22

19. Face ochre-yellow; wings with very conspicuous spots on the

cross-vein and last section of fourth vein; veins blackish

scarcely paler at base (Ontario) glaber Walker

— . Pollen of face white; wings without spots on the veins 20

20. Veins broadly yellow at root of wing, sometimes mostly yel-

low (North America) asiuum Loew

— . Wing veins wholly black or brown 21

21. Beard and hairs of fore coxae white; appendages of hypopy-

giuni long with long hairs at tip (British Columbia)

nigrinervis Van Duzee

— . Beard yellow; hairs of fore coxae a little yellowish; hypopy-

gium with short appendages that have only short hair

(Manitoba) argentifacies Van Duzee

22. Tips of fore tibiae in both sexes with an acute angle produced

toward the femora; fore coxae with from one to three black

bristles on upper outer corner 23

JULY, 1926]

VAX DUZEE HYDROPHORUS

— . Tips of fore tibiae not, or but little angulated 24

23. Wings without spots on the veins; face usually very bright

blue-green as far down as the suture (North America)

philombreus Wheeler

— . Wings with the cross-vein infuscated, usually with a spot on

its middle; upper part of face with the ground color show-

ing through a little, but not bright metallic (Alaska)....

pectinipes Van Duzee

24. Wings with a cloud on the cross-veins 25

— . Wings without a cloud on the cross-vein 28

25. Wings of both male and female with a faint spot on the cross-

vein, but not on the last section of fourth vein 26

— . Wings with a conspicuous spot on both cross-vein and middle

of last section of fourth vein 27

26. Fore tibiae of male notched near apical third; female with a

Tow of longer bristles near the tip of posterior surface, at

the lower edge of fore femora (Western)....^'r<?-vfj^/<i Thomson

— . Male with fore tibiae plain; fore femora with the longest

bristles near the base, on anterior surface of lower edge

(Saskatchewan) criddlei Van Duzee

27. Hairs on fore coxae white or yellowish white, delicate (Alaska)

; viridifacies Van Duzee

— . Hairs on fore coxae deep yellow, quite stiff and long (Alaska)

fiavihirtus Van Duzee

28. Fore femora of female with a single row of spines below on

the anterior edge; those of male with an irregular stripe

of spines below 29

— . Fore femora of male and female with a double row of spines

below 30

29. Fore coxae with abundant yellowish hair (Manitoba)

claripennls Van Duzee

— . Hair of fore coxae wholly white, short, not abundant (Mani-

toba) Purus Curran

30. Pleurae with thin brownish or yellowish pollen; length, 4.5

mm.; both rows of spines on lower surface of fore femora

of about equal length (Western) magdaleme Wheeler

— . Pleurae with white pollen; length, 3 mm.; fore femora with a

row of five spines on lower posterior edge which are much

longer than those in anterior row (Wyoming, Colorado,

Utah) ....sodalis Wheeler

31. Wings with a brown spot on the cross-vein and another on

the middle of last section of fourth vein 32

— . Wings without spots on the veins 45

32. Face opaque with pollen, the ground color not showing

through 33

— . Face showing some metallic color, the pollen not wholly con-

cealing the ground color 37

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

34.

35.

33. Beard composed of black bristles and some yellowish hairs;

face of female with yellowish-brown pollen, with a small

spot of grayish pollen on each side below the suture; male

with a small protuberance below near the tip of fore

femora (Alaska) signiferus Coquillett

— . Beard white or yellowish, sometimes a few black bristles under

the neck 34

Fore coxae with yellow hair, without black bristles (Wyoming)

algens Wheeler

Fore coxae with black bristles besides those at tip 35

Spots on the wing veins faint; fore coxae with a row of about

sixteen bristles, shortest at base, longer toward the tip

(Eastern) pirata Loew

— . Wings with the spots on the veins very conspicuous 36

36. Fore coxae with an irregular row of little black bristles on

outer anterior edge; their pollen yellowish brown on inner

portion, contrasting with the white pollen of outer surface;

pollen of face yellowish brown (Eastern as far as Colo-

rado) chrysologus Walker

— . Fore coxae with two rows of black bristles or stiff hairs

exterior to the center of the front surface, their pollen

whitish; pollen of face white (Alaska). Van Duzee

37. Propleurae without a black bristle, having only pale hairs

above the fore coxae, or a yellowish bristle (British Colum-

bia) phoca Aldrich

— . Propleurae with a black bristle above each fore coxa 38

38. Middle femora with long black bristles at base below, in male

4-5, in female 2 (Alaska) pilitarsis Malloch

— . Middle femora without such bristles at base below 39

39. Females 40

— . Males — 41

40. Fore femora with about seven spines below (Wyoming)

algens Wheeler

— . Fore femora without spines below, except sometimes three

very small ones near the tip (Alaska) propinquus Van Duzee

41. Fore femora plain, without a protuberance below near the tip 42

— . Fore femora with a protuberance near the tip below, preceded

by about five spines in a group 43

42. Dorsocentral bristles long (Wyoming) algens Wheeler

— . Dorsocentral bristles very short (Oregon)

maculipennis Van Duzee

43. Many black bristles mixed with the beard (Alaska)

signiferus Coquillett

— . Beard without black bristles, except sometimes a few under

the neck 44

44. Fore coxae with pale hairs (Alaska) propinquus Van Duzee

— . Fore coxae with the hairs wholly or almost wholly black

(Alaska) nigribarbus Van Duzee

JULY, 1926]

VAN DUZEE HYDROPHORUS

45. Fore coxje with black bristles or spines besides those at tip 46

— . Fore coxae without black bristles, except at tip and some-

times these are missing, or there may be a hair-like one

near the base 52

46. Face wholly opaque with pollen 47

— . Face showing some metallic color on upper portion 48

47. Fore coxae with a row of spines, longer at base, running out

apically (Eastern) parvus Loew

— . Fore coxae with a row of spines, longest at tip, running out

basally (Eastern) pirata Loew

— . Fore coxae with a row of four black spines of about equal size

on apical half (Manitoba) Uvidipes Van Duzee

48. Fore coxae with black hair on anterior surface and a row of

slender, bristle-like, hairs on outer edge (Alaska), male of

nigribarbus Van Duzee

— . Hairs of fore coxae white or yellowish 49

49. Hairs on fore coxae rather long, yellow; a row of 7-12 black

bristles, of nearly equal length, on outer edge of apical half

of anterior surface of fore coxae, these bristles fewer and

smaller in the female (Alaska) brevicauda Van Duzee

— . Hairs of fore coxae white or yellowish white, minute SO

50. Fore coxae with a row of bristles on outer edge, longest above,

more or less interrupted in the middle (Alaska, North-

western States) innotatus Loew

— . Fore coxae with a row about twelve rather short, black bristles

of about equal length, extending nearly their whole length

(Alaska) fumipennis Van Duzee

— . Fore coxae with a row of four black bristles on upper outer

corner of anterior surface (Oregon) vandykei n. sp.

— . Fore coxae with a row of about six black bristles on apical

half 51

51. Fore femora near tip and fore tibiae near base, with a small

protuberance below (Alaska). Male oi....prop'tnquus Van Duzee

— . Fore femora and tibiae plain in the male (Colorado)

altivagus Aldrich

52. Face wholly opaque with white pollen 53

— . Face showing some metallic color on upper portion 55

— . Face wholly opaque with gray pollen; fore coxae with yel-

lowish pollen and rather long yellow hair, but wholly with-

out black bristles (Alaska). Female of aquatilis Aldrich

53. Fore femora thick on basal part, slender on apical portion,

with three long spines near basal third and a yellowish

protuberance near the tip below, preceded by appendages

that have slender, short stems and are much enlarged at tip

(Quebec). Male of extrarius Aldrich

— . Fore femora without such protuberances : 54

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

54. Beard and hairs of fore coxae white (Alberta),.

ampullaceus Van Duzee

— . Beard and hairs of fore coxae yellow (Manitoba)

argentifacies Van Duzee

55. Cheeks forming a small lobe below the eyes (Alaska)

- minimus Van Duzee

— . Cheeks narrow, not forming a lobe, extending but little below

the eyes 56

56. Fore femora modified, males 57

— . Fore femora plain, males and females 58

57. Fore femora with a small protuberance below near the tip,

preceded by a group of little, spines (South Dakota, Michi-

gan, New York) ample dens Aldrich

— T. Fore femora with a small excavation toward their apex and

two small 3 '^ellow protuberances, or flattened bristles, near

tip on outer surface; third vein of wing distinctly thickened

for some distance at base (Manitoba) purus Curran

58. Upper portion of face bright blue-green; middle femora on

apical half of lower surface with dense curved bristles

(Idaho, Washington) pensus Aldrich

— . Upper portion of face only a little greenish; middle femora

without such bristles 59

59. Female with a single row of spines below; male with a stripe

of spines below on fore femora and some flattened bristles

on hind femora (Manitoba) claripennis Van Duzee

— . Fore femora with two rows of spines below. Females 60

60. A row of longer bristles on basal half of posterior side of fore

femora and a row of shorter ones on apical half of front

edge below (Quebec) extrarius Aldrich

— . The two rows of spines reach nearly the whole length of the

femora; spines all short (Manitoba) purus Curran

A list of the North American species of Hydrophorus to-

gether with the place of publication of those not in the Aldrich

catalogue.

sestuum Loew.

agalma Wheeler.

albomaculatus Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 47, 1926.

algens Wheeler.

altivagus Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 67, 1911.

amplectens Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 67, 1911.

ampullaceus Van Duzee, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. Ivi, p. 247,

1924.

aquatilis Aldrich, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. Ixi, Art. 25,

p. 17, 1922.

argentatus Van Duzee, Entomological News, Vol. lix, p. 50, 1918.

argentifacies Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 51, 1926.

JULY, 1926]

VAN DUZEE HYDROPHORUS

brevicauda Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 259,

1923.

breviseta Thomson,

canescens Wheeler.

canities Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 253, 1923.

cerutias Loew.

chrysologus Walker.

claripennis Van Duzee, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. Ivi, p. 246, 1924.

criddlei Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 181, 1925.

curvipes Van Duzee, Entomological News, Vol. xxix, p. 48, 1918.

extrarius Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 65, 1911.

flavihirtus Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 259,

1923.

flavipennis Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 48, 1926.

fulvidorsum Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxii, p. 182, 1925.

fumipennis Van Duzee, Proc. California Academy of Sciences,

Vol. xi. p. 167, 1921.

glaber Walker.

gratiosus Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 49, 1911.

innotatus Loew.

intentus Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 51, 1911.

lividipes Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 50, 1926.

maculipennis Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 45, 1926.

magdalense Wheeler.

minimus Van Duzee, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. Ixiii, Art. 21,

p. 15, 1923.

nigribarbus Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 257,

1923.

nigrinervis Van Duzee, Psyche, Vol. xxxiii, p. 46, 1926.

parvus Loew.

pectinipes Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 254,

1923.

pensus Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 68, 1911.

philombreus Wheeler.

phoca Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 63, 1911.

pilitarsis Malloch, Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, Vol. hi,

p. 51, 1919.

pirala Loew.

plumbeus Aldrich, Psyche, Vol. xviii, p. 50, 1911.

propinquus Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 256,

1923.

purus Curran, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. Ivi, p. 193, 1925.

signiferus Coquillett.

sodalis Wheeler.

vandykei Van Duzee, new species.

viridifacies Van Duzee, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, p. 255,

1923.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

A NEW XYLOMYGES FROM CALIFORNIA (LEPID.,

PHAL^NID^, CUCULLIIN^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Xylomyges vanduzeei Barnes and Benjamin sp. nov.

Head and thorax gray mixed with white; Irons with a dull black

bar; tegulae with a black line; patagia with some black scales form-

ing a line laterally; abdomen sordid luteous-brown tinged with gray,

slightly darker dorsally in the form of a dorsal line. Fore wing dull

gray irrorated with fuscous; a strong black streak below the base

of the cell; basal, t. a. and t, p. lines obsolete; claviform rather large,

defined by black along its costal and inner margins but open basally;

orbicular large, oblique, tending to become more or less obsolescent,

marked best along median vein, distally fused with the reniform

which is large, irregular, more or less defined by black, with a more

or less obsolescent central shade of rufous; median shade or line

obsolete; s. t. line only defined by a few black dashes in the inter-

spaces between the veins of the terminal area; fringe gray, inter-

sected by a darker line and mesially checkered by blackish which

is the continuation of the black s. t. dashes. Hind wing and its fringe

nearly pure white, a few fuscous scales along the veins, with a black

terminal line, discal spot showing through from the underside, no

trace of a medial line, no darkening of the hair along the inner

margin. Beneath: whitish; primaries clouded with fuscous; second-

aries with a few scattered fuscous scales; discal dot present, large,

strong, black; terminal line as on upper side.

Expanse: 6 32 mm.; $ 34 mm.

Belongs in the simple x-crucialis group, but the total lack of

transverse maculation on the fore wing, and the lack of the

median shade on the hind wing, ought easily to distinguish the

species.

Type localities and number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 ,

Monterey County, California, no date; allotype 9 , Mill Valley,

Marin County, California, IV-5-24 (E. P. Van Duzee).

Notes — Holotype in Barnes collection ; allotype in California

Academy of Sciences. The authors had the male of this spe-

cies set aside as new, awaiting more material. Mr. Van Duzee

sent the female for determination. We take pleasure in naming

the species vanduzeei in acknowledgment of the many kind-

nesses of Mr. Van Duzee and his wholehearted desire to assist

us in all ways.

JULY, 1926] BARNES AND BENJAMIN COLORADIA

NEW SPECIES OF COLORADIA (LEPID.,

SATURNIID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Coloradia davisi Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Allied to pandora, with similar maculation. Fore wing

blackish, lacking brownish tints, irrorated with white scales

which help to distally define the s. t. line. Hind wing strongly-

tinged with rufous purple. Beneath strongly tinged with rufous

purple.

Expanse : 6 62-73 mm., $ 74-85 mm.

Type locality: White Mountains, Arizona.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6, 15-30 August,

1925; allotype $ , 1-15 September, 1925; 54 6,9 $ paratypes,

various dates in August and September.

Notes : 6 6,3 $ are simply labeled “White Mts. Ariz.” with-

out further data, have been in the Barnes collection for some

years, and were presumably collected by Mr. R. D. Lusk. The

remainder were collected by Mr. O. C. Poling near McNary

P. O., White Mountains, Arizona. Part of the Poling catch

was merely loaned to the Barnes collection to show range of

variation and have been returned to Mr. Poling. At his sug-

gestion the species is named davisi in honor of Mr. Charles L.

Davis, Superintendent of the Fort Apache Indian Agency.

Coloradia luski Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

A parallel development to doris, and bearing the same rela-

tion to davisi that doris has to pandora. Fore wing black,

somewhat irrorated with white scales, the markings diffused.

Hind wing strongly tinged with rufous purple. Beneath

strongly tinged with rufous purple. Sexually dimorphic, the

hind wings of the female darker and more heavily scaled than

those of the male.

Because of strong sexual dimorphism present in the smaller

forms, doris and luski, but absent in the larger forms, pandora

and davisi, coupled with differences in vestiture, and the obso-

lescence of the discal spots in doris and luski lead us to consider

them distinct species. This is corroborated by the fact that in

the long series of pandora and davisi before us we find no

tendency to intergrade wdth doris or luski.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, III, NO. 1

Expanse : 6 57 mm., $ 60 mm.

Type localit)^: White Mountains, Arizona.

Number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 , allotype 2 , with-

out dates, presumably collected by Mr. R. D. Lusk.

Coloradia lindseyi Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Allied to pandora and possibly only a northern race of that

species. Fore wing of 6 with maculation similar to pandora

but somewhat darker. Secondaries more suffused with pink.

Beneath, much more of the pinkish suffusion than in pandora.

The 2 has the fore wing much duller and browner, the hind

wing and the underside of all wings much more suffused with

pink than in pandora.

This appears to be the species or form commonly going as

pandora in collections. It is the form figured by Strecker, 1878,

Lep. Rhop. Het., 137, pi. XV, f. 7, from Oregon, as pandora.

Strecker, 1900, Lep. Rhop. Het., Suppl., Ill, 30, lists 6 type

pandora in his collection, but from page 137 of his prior publi-

cation it can easily be seen that this type is spurious, being in

reality a subsequent allotype different from the Blake type in

the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-

phia. Holland, 1903, Moth Book, 91, pi. X, f. 8, illustrates

what he calls pandora^ but the figure is more likely that of a

faded lindseyi. At least most of the records of pandora from

the Northwest seem to refer to lindseyi. According to type

comparisons by Doctor McDunnough, the types of loiperda and

pandora represent the form not uncommon in the vicinity of

Glenwood Springs, Colorado.

Expanse : 6 78-80 mm., 2 82-87 mm.

Type localities : Warner Mountains, three miles east of Davis

Creek; Davis Creek, Modoc County, California (A. W. Lind-

sey) ; Klamath Falls, Klamath County, Oregon (E. C. Van

Dyke ) .

Number and sexes of types: Holotype, 6 8-15 July, 1922,

allotype 2 , 24-31 July, 1922, 1 6 paratype, 24-31 July, 1922,

from Warner Mountains; 1 $ paratype, 18 July, 1922, from

Davis Creek (4800 feet) ; 1 2 paratype, VII, 1922, from

Klamath Falls.

Note — A third female, presumably the same, and probably

collected by Prof. Owen in northern California or Oregon, is

in the Barnes collection, but because of lack of label it is not

JULY, 1926] BARNES AND BENJAMIN COLORADIA

made a t)^pe ; a fourth male from Fresno Count}'’, California,

also seems to fall here.

Coloradia bonniwelli Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Allied to pandora, with similar maculation, 6 , fore wing

darker, intermediate to davisi, contrasty. $ similar to pan-

dora, fore wing with the ground smoother, as in doris, but the

maculation contrasty, hind wing as in pandora. Both sexes

with undersides as in pandora. The average size smaller than

pandora.

Expanse: 6 64-70 mm., $ 75 mm.

Type locality: High Rolls, New Mexico (J. G. Bonniwell).

Number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 , allotype 9,2$

paratypes, all labeled 9-20.

Coloradia chiricahua Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Allied to pandora, with similar maculation, but much smaller.

Fore wing with black transverse lines more intensified on a

ground more heavily powdered with white scales, s. t. line

strongly defined by white distally. Hind wing nearly white,

slightly tinged with pink. No trace of the brownish or sordid

appearance of pandora. Beneath paler than in pandora, and

lacking much of the sordid appearance of that species.

Expanse: 60 mm.

Type locality: Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise Count}^

Arizona.

Number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 , without date,

unique.

Coloradia duffneri Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Allied to pandora, with similar maculation. Fore wings lack-

ing brownish tints and heavily irrorated with white. The trans-

verse lines more intensified. S. t. line obsolescent, but distally

defined by white scales. Space between t. a. and t. p. lines so

powdered with white as to appear disconcolorous and contrast-

ing. Discal dot reduced to about half normal size. Hind wing

with the rufous stronger. Beneath with the rufous more

intensified.

Expanse : 67 mm.

Type locality: Paradise, Cochise County, Arizona. (O. Duff-

ner via O. C. Poling.)

Number and sexes of types : Holotype 6 , labeled ^‘Fall

1925,” unique.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

SYNONYMIC NOTES ON ARCTIIDSE (LEPID.)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Eubaphe ferruginosa Wlk.

1854, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., II, 535, Crocota.

1889, Smith, Can. Ent., XXI, 195, Crocota.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 192 (partim.), aurantiaca,

Holomelina.

1910, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., XVII, 76, an sp. dist., Holomelina.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Suppl., II, 317, pi. LVI, 19,

Euhaphe.

trimaculosa Reak.

1864, Reakirt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 372, Crocota.

1893, Neumoegen and Dyar, Jour, N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 157, immaculata

var., Euhaphe.

1919, Seitz, Macrolep, VI, 294, immaculata form, Eubaphe.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Suppl., II, 317, ferruginosa,

Eubaphe,

ohscura Stretch (partim.),

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 103 (partim.), Crocota.

1925, Barnes and Benjamin, Pan.-Pac. Ent., I, 128, immaculata trima-

culosa, Eubaphe.

form immaculata Reak,

1864, Reakirt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 372, Crocota.

1889, Smith, Can, Ent., XXI, 195, Crocota.

1893, Neumoegen and Dyar, Jour, N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 157, Eubaphe.

1919, Seitz, Macrolep., VI, 294, pi. XXXVIII, a, Eubaphe.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B, M., Suppl., II, 317, ferruginosa

ab., Eubaphe.

A Specimen compared with the type of ferruginosa Wlk. by

Mr. Tams shows that the name takes priority over species name

immaculata Reak. The specimen compared with Walker’s type

agrees with specimens compared with the types of trimaculosa

by Doctor McDunnough. The name immaculata Reak. can

stand as a form of ferruginosa. For notes on the types of

obscura Stretch see Barnes and Benjamin, 1925.

E. ferruginosa Auct. nec Wlk. refers to aurantiaca Hbn. Hol-

land’s figure of immaculata (Moth Book, pi. XIV, f. 20) seems

to refer to opella form nigricans Reak.

Hampson’s synonymy of 1920 appears essentially correct

from the standpoint of comparison with the actual types

involved.

JULY, 1926] BARNES AND BENJAMIN ARCTIID NOTES

Arachnis aul^a Geyer

1837, Geyer, Zutr. exot. Schmett., V, 28, pi. CLVII, ff. 913-914,

Arachnis,

1881, Oberthiir, £t. d’Ent., VI, 111, pi. XIX, ff. 4, 7, Ecpantheria.

1883, Schaus, Pap., Ill, 188 (biol.), Ecpantheria.

1890, Smith, Can. Ent., XXII, 177, Arachnis.

1893, Neumoegen and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 179, Arachnis.

1894, Dyar, Can. Ent., XXVI, 307 (biol.), Arachnis.

1896, Ottolengui, Ent. News, VII, 126, pi. IV, Arachnis.

1897, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am., Lep. Het., II, 377, Arachnis.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 390, text f. 163 (biol.),

Arachnis.

incarnata Wlk.

1854, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., Ill, 690, Ecpantheria.

Arx\chnis pompeia Druce

1894, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XIII, 174, Arachnis.

1897, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am., Lep., Het., II, 377, pi. LXXV, 2-3,

Arachnis.

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 389, Arachnis.

taulcea Auct. (nec. Geyer).

1903, Holland, Moth Book., 124, pi. XVI, f. 1, Arachnis.

1912, Barnes and McDunnough, Contrib., I, (4), 7, pi. II, f. 1,

Arachnis.

This note is primarily to call attention to the fact that pompeia

has been figured as aulcea by B. and McD., and probably also

by Holland. The latter figure shows primaries similar to aulcea

and secondaries of pompeia. We suspect that the specimen is

a faded pompeia, especially as Holland records the species from

Arizona.

The Barnes collection possesses three specimens of pompeia

from Arizona (Biederman) one of which is the specimen fig-

ured in the contributions as aulcea. This specimen was recently

examined by Mr. Tams in connection with the British Museum

types, and we are informed that it is conspecific with the type

of pompeia.

The species going in both the British Museum and the United

States National Museum as aulcea, and appearing to agree fairly

well with Geyer’s figures, is represented in the Barnes collec-

tion by a series of specimens, mostly without labels. Two are

labeled “Jalapa” (Mexico) ; one, “S. Tex."; and one, “N. Mex.”

We cannot be sure of the authenticity of these labels. It is

possible that true aulcea does not occur in the United States.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

We cannot state which references under aulcea really refer

to pompeia, but at any rate the latter name must be added to

our lists.

The species may be sorted by the fact that the gray on the

thorax and fore wings of pompeia is dark, nearly fuscous, and

the red of the hind wings is a bright rich crimson; while the

gray on the thorax and fore wings of aiilcea is quite pale, about

the same shade as in picta, and the red of the hind wings is

duller, also about the same shade as in picta.

Pygarctia murina Stretch

1885, Stretch, Ent. Amer., I, 106, Euchates.

1890, Smith, Can. Ent., XXII, 175, Euchates.

1892, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Lep. Het., I, 236, Cycnia.

1893, Neumoegen and Dyar, Jour, N, Y. Ent. Soc., I, 166, Cycnia.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B, M., Suppl., II, 466, Pygarctia.

poliochroa Hamp.

1916, Hampson, Nov, Zool., XXIII, 238, Pygarctia.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Suppl., II, 466, pi. LXIV,

f. 10, Pygarctia.

Pygarctia murina albistrigata B. and McD.

1913, Barnes and McDunnough, Contrib., II, (3), 103, pi. Ill, ff. 10,

12, murina ssp., Pygarctia.

1920, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Suppl., II, 466, murina form,

Pygarctia.

'^ murina Auct. (nec. Stretch).

1901, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 420, pi. XLVIII, f. 17,

Euchates.

1903, Holland, Moth Book, 135, pi. XI, f. 18, Euchatias.

A specimen compared with the type of poliochroa by Mr.

Tams shows this to be the Arizona insect previously described

as murina by Stretch.

The figures of ''murina^' by both Hampson and Holland refer

to the Texas subspecies named albistrigata. Hampson’s figure

is based upon a specimen in collection Schaus, so that it would

seem that the Stretch name has been incorrectly determined in

a number of collections.

P. murina murina is in the Barnes collection from Arizona

only, Huachuca Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains, Baboquivari

Mountains, Redington, Paradise, and Douglas. P. murina albis-

trigata is represented from San Benito, Texas, only. We sus-

pect that most of the Texas records for murina refer to

albistrigata.

JULY, 1926]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA WITH

NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

San Francisco

Ankothrips gracilis Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Measurements: Head, length .133 mm., width

.15 mm.; prothorax, length .12 ram., width .18 mm.; mesothorax,

width .22 mm.; total body length 1.25 mm. Antennae: segment one

18 microns; two 54 m.; three 57 m.; four 51 m.; five 39 m.; six 39 m.;

seven, (1) 18, (r) 20 m.; eight 15 m.; nine, (1) 20 m., (r) 18 m.;

total length 270 microns. Wing length .68 mm., width .09 mm.

Color light yellowish brown including all legs and segments one

and two of antenna. Segments three and four of antenna shading

to dark brown in the outer half, segments five to nine dark brown.

Crescents of ocelli brown. Wings slightly smoky, veins yellowish.

All prominent spines yellowish to transparent.

Head including anterior projection almost as long as wide. An-

terior projection angular, slightly emarginate in front, with two

nearly straight bristles directed outward and backward, 24 microns

(Fig. 1). Interocular bristles placed well forward near inner margin

of eyes, 33 microns. Three pairs of postocular bristles near pos-

terior margin of eyes, outer pair longest, 33 microns, median pair

shortest, 18 microns, inner pair 21 microns. Eyes occupying about

three-sevenths the side of the head, protruding in front, emarginate

only on the sides, facets small. Ocelli inconspicuous. Antennae with

nine segments, slightly more than twice as long as head; projec-

tion on segment two dentate on either side, tip simple and pointed.

Maxillary palpi with three segments.

Prothorax almost as long as head and one-third wider, prominent

spines along anterior, lateral and posterior margins, a single one on

each posterior angle longest, 45 microns. Mesothorax largest; meta-

thorax noticeably smaller. Legs slender, fore femora only slightly

thickened. Wings with parallel sides and rounded tip, typical of the

genus. Costa with 32, fore vein with 24-23 and posterior vein with

18 spines; five cross-veins.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, with pointed tip. Longest spines on seg-

ment nine, 99 microns, and on segment ten, 81 microns.

Male, allotype. Measurements: Head, length .11 mm., width

.13 mm.; prothorax, length .12 mm., width .15 mm,; mesothorax,

width .18 mm.; total body length .85 mm. Antennae; segment one

18 m. ; two 48-54 m.; three 57 m. ; four 48-45 m.; five 42-39 m.; six

39 m.; seven 20 m.; eight 15-12 m.; nine 18 ni.; total length 270

microns. Wing length .55 mm., width .069 mm.; spines on wing,

costa 26, fore longitudinal vein 18, posterior 17.

About two-thirds as large as female. Similar in color, interocular

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

spines 30 microns; postoculars, outer 36 m., median 18 m., inner

21 m.; spines on posterior angle of prothorax 45 m. A pair of long

spines on posterior margin of eighth abdominal segment, 48 microns;

ninth without a group of short stout bristles, and bearing only long

slender spines on each posterior angle, 99 microns; a second pair of

shorter ones near median posterior border, 39 microns; longest spines

on segment ten, 78 microns (Fig. 2).

Described from nine females and three males taken from

blossoms of ‘'Chamise,” Adenostoma fasciculatum near River-

side and Mayfield, California, May 16, 1926. All types are in

author’s collection.

Ankothrips aequalis Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Measurements: Head, length .135 mm., width

.20 mm.; prothorax, length .192 mm., width .27 mm.; mesothorax,

width .36 mm.; total body length 1.56 mm. Antennae: segment one

24 microns; two 75 m.; three 69 m. ; four 60-63 m.; five 54 m. ; six

48 m. ; seven 24 m. ; eight 15 m.; nine 21-24 m.; total length 360

microns. Wing length .92 mm., width .13 mm.

General color light brownish yellow, pterothorax orange-yellow;

a dark brown line across anterior margins of abdominal segments two

to seven inclusive, on the ventral side. Segments one and two of

antenna yellow, three yellowish at base shading to light brown, four

to nine dark brown. Ocelli with bright orange-red crescents. Legs

concolorous with body except anterior margins of femurs and tibiae

which are shaded brown. Wings slightly smoky, veins yellow. All

prominent spines on body and wings deep brown.

Head, including anterior projection, distinctly wider than long.

Anterior projection with sides parallel, emarginate in front, both

points rounded, each bearing a short upward and outwardly curved

bristle (Fig. 3). Interocular bristles prominent, 39 microns. The

three pairs of postocular bristles situated rather close to posterior

margin of eyes, subequal, 48 microns in length. Eyes large, pilose,

protruding, especially in front. Anterior ocellus on apex of head

directed forward, posterior ocelli bordering inner margins of eyes.

Antenna two and one-half times as long as head; projection on seg-

ment two with simple, pointed tip, but with an indentation on either

side forming two additional points near the tip. Horseshoe-shaped

transparent sense-areas at the end of segments three and four. Maxil-

lary palpi with three segments, 30, 21, and 15 microns long respec-

tively. Labial palpi with two segments.

Prothorax about one-third longer than head and one-third wider

than long. Three forward directed spines on each anterior angle,

longest 30 microns; three conspicuous spines along each side; two

prominent spines on posterior angles, outer longest, 75 microns, inner

48 microns; eleven other strong spines along posterior margin, sub-

equal, 45 microns.

JULY, 1926]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

Pterothorax with all angles rounded. Legs slender, fore femora

thickened. Wings about eight times as long as wide, with parallel

sides, broadly rounded at tip. Costa with 35, fore longitudinal veins

with 28-26, posterior vein with twenty-three dark brown spines; five

cross-veins.

Abdomen subovate. Longest spines on segment nine, 123 microns,

and on segment ten, 99 microns.

Male, allotype. Measurements: Head, length .15 mm., width .195

mm.; prothorax, length ,275 mm., width .255 mm.; mesothorax, width

.33 mm.; total body length 1.33 mm. Antennae; segment one 24

microns; two 69 m. ; three 69-75 m,; four 66 m,; five 57-60 m.; six

51 m.; seven 24 m.; eight 15 m.; nine 21 m.; total length 360 microns.

Wing length .83 mm., width .10 mm.

Male somewhat smaller than female; similar in color. Length of

interocular spines 39 microns; postoculars subequal, 48 microns;

spines on posterior angle of prothorax, outer 75 microns, inner

45 microns. Ninth abdominal segment bearing many short strong

bristles on dorsum, the inner anterior pair strongest, 42 microns long

and 6 microns wide at base; the outer posterior pair 48 microns long;

longest spines on posterior angles of segment nine 135 microns and

on segment ten, 115 microns (Fig. 4).

Described from thirteen females and eight males taken from

blossoms of a species of Prunns near Redwood City, Cali-

fornia, April 13 and 18, 1926. Mr. E. J. Newcomer also col-

lected this species from Spircsa corymhosa, Schizonotus discolor

and Sambucus glauca at Wenatchee, Washington, June 29, 1916,

All types are in the author’s collection.

Chirothrips similis Bagnall, 1909

This species has heretofore been found only in England and

central Europe, and taken chiefly from roses and grasses. The

author now records it as a common species in the San Fran-

cisco bay region, California, and during the last two years has

taken it from grasses, wild lupine, coyote mint {M onardella

villosa) and the terminal leaf clusters of prune trees.

On June 14, of this year, the author observed specimens of

this species which had been trapped on the leaves of “mules

ears,” Wyethia glabra, near Mayfield, California. This plant

exudes a resinous substance over the surface of its broad leaves

which makes them sticky, and in this case acted as effectively

as fly paper. More than two hundred specimens were thus

caught on a single plant.

22 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel

This species has been known heretofore only in England,

central Europe and Italy, and the recorded host plants are

grape vines and the leaves of various trees, chiefly oak, beech-

nut, and hazelnut. Mr. Theodore D. Urbahns, of the State

Department of Agriculture at Sacramento, has collected many

specimens of this thrips from grape vines near Florin, Sacra-

mento County, California, and reports that it has been doing

considerable damage.

The writer collected many specimens of males and females

from grape vines near Mountain View, Santa Clara Valley,

California, on June 26 of this year. This is the first record

of the appearance of this insect in America; it has apparently

been introduced on grape vines from Europe.

Genus Anaphothrips Uzel

The genus Prosopothrips, which immediately precedes the

genus Anaphothrips in the orderly sequence of relationship, is

characterized by strong reticulation over the body. The writer

mentioned in the original description of Anaphothrips reticu-

latus (Sericothrips reticulatus) that “this species has many

characters in common with Prosopothrips vejdovskyi described

by Uzel.” The conspicuous reticulation and the angular pro-

jection on the front of the head set this species apart from

other members of the genus, while the larval forms are typical

of the genus. The writer now introduces a new subgenus based

on these characters and names it

Prosopoanaphothrips Moulton, new subgenus,

and designates as its type the species Anaphothrips (Prosopo-

anaphothrips) reticulatus Moulton, 1907.*

Many specimens newly collected in the San Francisco bay

region from February to June of this year show that the spe-

cies varies in color from uniform brown to very dark brown,

with the legs uniformly yellow brown to light brown. The

male of the species is also found commonly with the females

and is described as follows :

Male, allotype. Measurements: Head, length .15 mm., width .16

mm,; prothorax, length .13 mm., width .20 mm.; mesothorax, width

.21 mm.; total body length 1.36 mm. Antennse: segment one 27 m.;

* Technical Series 12, Part III, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept.

Agr., p. 50, April, 1907.

JULY, 1926]

MOULTON — THYSANOPTERA

two 42 m.; three 48 m.; four 45 m.; five 45 m,; six 60 m,; seven

15 m.; eight 18 m,; total length 285 microns.

Color: Head and mouth parts and segments one, outer half of

five, six, seven, and eight of antennae dark brown. Thorax, abdomen,

legs and segments two, three, four, and basal half of five of antennae

yellow, slightly shaded with orange.

Head and prothorax strongly reticulate, abdominal segments, ex-

cepting nine and ten, reticulate indistinctly, head slightly wider than

long; vertex sulcate as in the female, with two prominent darkened,

angular projections over basal segments of antennae. Head without

conspicuous spines. Eyes prominent; ocelli absent. Antenna eight-

segmented, about twice as long as head, with a single long sense

cone on segments three and four, and a short one on segment five.

Prothorax somewhat shorter than head; mesothorax smallest.

Wings absent. All legs medium stout.

Abdomen elongate, segments two to eight almost equal in length

and only slightly wider near the middle. Ninth abdominal segment

with two pairs of stout spindle-shaped bristles near the middle.

Longest spine on ninth abdominal segment 90 microns, on segment

ten 69 microns (Fig. 5).

Described from eight specimens.

Host plants, grass and weeds in California, and jEscuIus

pavia (Southern Buckeye) and Vinca sp. ? (Myrtle) in Ala-

bama. All types in author’s collection.

Anaphothrips (Anaphothrips) stanfordi

Moulton, 1907

Male, allotype. Measurements: Head, length .105 mm., width .126

mm.; prothorax, length .120 mm., width .152 mm.; total body length

.95 mm. Antennae: segment one 18 microns; two 33 m.; three 36 m.;

four 33 m.; five 30 m.; six 39 m.; seven 9 m,; eight 12 ni.; total

length 210 microns.

Color: Head and mouth parts dark brown. Thorax, abdomen, and

legs uniform light yellowish brown to brown. Segments one and five

to eight of antennae dark brown. Segments two and three yellow,

four yellow shading to brown. Heavy spines on ninth abdominal

segment dark brown.

Males wingless, ocelli absent. The two pairs of heav 3 '’ spines on

the dorsal side of the ninth abdominal segment are located near the

posterior margin of the segment (Fig. 6).

This species was originally described as a Sericothrips, but

it is closely related to the European Anaphothrips secticornis.

Anaphothrips (Anaphothrips) apteris Daniel

The females of this species are most readily distinguished

by the light yellowish brown color of the pterothorax, while

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

the rest of the body is deep brown or black. In life they often

appear to be jet black, each with a yellow crossband. The

males are smaller and are likewise dark brown in color with

yellow or light yellowish brown pterothorax. Inner anterior

pair of heavy spines on dorsal side of the ninth abdominal

segment located rather near the center of the dorsum, at least

twice as long as the outer posterior pair. Both pairs of the

spines very dark and conspicuous.

This species has heretofore been classified under the genus

Sericothrips, but is also closely related to A. stanfordi, and at

times it is difficult to differentiate between the two species. The

brown stanfordi is sometimes almost black, and the dark brown

or black apteris may be lighter in color with the yellow ptero-

thorax shading to brown, and almost uniform with the rest of

the body.

Anaphothrips tricolor was described by the writer in 1911,*

and a new and closely related species is now offered and named

A. bicolor. Both species are characterized by an arrangement

of angular plates, each bearing one and sometimes two spines,

along the posterior margin of second to eighth abdominal seg-

ments, especially conspicuous on the seventh and eighth. A

new subgenus is here erected to include these forms and the

species A, tricolor is designated as its type.

Odontanaphothrips Moulton, new subgenus

Anaphothrips (Odontanaphothrips) enceliae

new species

Female, holotype. Measurements: Head, length .09 mm., width

.126 mm.; prothorax, length .105 mm., width .15 mm.; mesothorax,

width .20 mm.; total body length .93 mm. Antennae: segment one

15 microns; two 30 m.; three 39 m.; four, five, and six 36 m. ; seven

and eight 9 m.; nine 12 m.; total .222 mm. Wing length .585 mm.

Color: Head, prothorax, segments one to four of abdomen inclu-

sive, all legs and segments one to three of antenna, light brownish

yellow. Pterothorax slightly orange-yellow. Antennal segments four

to nine light yellowish brown shading to dark brown. Abdominal

segments five to ten uniformly dark brown. Crescents of ocelli light

brown.

Head about one and one-third times as wide as long, cheeks

arched; front of head broadly rounded; back of head faintly cross-

striated, without prominent spines. Eyes prominent, occupying about

two-thirds the width and one-half the length of the head. Ocelli

* Technical Series No. 21, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

June 13, 1911, p. 41.

JULY, 1926]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

present, inconspicuous (Fig, 7). Mouth cone long, angular, tipped

with black, and reaching posterior margin of prosternum. Maxillary

palpi three-segmented, labial palpi two-segmented. Antenna clearly

with nine segments, slightly more than twice as long as head.

Prothorax about one and one-half times wider than head, sides

slightly arched. One prominent spine on each posterior angle

(39 microns). Mesothorax widest, eniargination between meso- and

metathorax deep. Legs slender. Wings transparent, veins slightly

yellowish and prominent; anterior longitudinal vein joining the ring

vein just before the tip, posterior longitudinal vein ending abruptly

just before the tip. Two cross veins, an anterior one connecting the

anterior longitudinal vein with ring vein at about one-third the wing’s

length from the end, and a median one connecting the two longitu-

dinal veins at about one-third the wing’s length from the base. The

posterior longitudinal vein beginning abruptly just before the median

cross vein. Anterior longitudinal vein bearing twelve more or less

regularly placed spines between base of wing and anterior cross vein

and three scattered spines on its distal third. Posterior longitudinal

vein bearing fourteen spines scattered over its entire length. Anterior

fringe hairs weak and single, posterior hairs weak and double

(Fig. 8).

Abdomen from segments one to eight broadly ovate; ninth and

tenth triangular in outline. Posterior margin of abdominal segments

five to eight inclusive with an arrangement of angular plates, each

bearing a short sharp spine. These spines longest and most con-

spicuous on segment eight, not so prominent on seven, and gradually

disappearing at middle of segments six and five (Fig. 9).

Habitat, Coachella Valley, Imperial County, California.

Host plant “Desert Sunflower,” Encelia eriocephala.

Described from a single female specimen (holotype) now in

author’s collection. Male unknown.

Thrips heraclei Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Measurements: Head, length .10 mm,, width

,12 mm.; prothorax, length .13 mm., width .16 mm.; mesothorax,

width ,14 mm.; total body length 1.25 mm. Antennae: segment one

21 microns, two 36 m.; three 51 m.; four 51 m.; five 42 m.; six 51 m.;

seven 18 m.; total length 270 microns.

General color almost uniformly light brownish yellow. Segments

one, two, and three of antenna concolorous with head and body, one

a little lighter; segments four and five brown in distal half, six and

seven brown. Pigments of compound eyes deep purple; crescents

of ocelli bright reddish orange. Tip of mouth cone brown, a brown

spot on each tarsus.

Head only slightly wider than long, rounded in front, sometimes

slightly angular. Cheeks arched. Interocular bristles prominent,

brown, placed closely in front of posterior ocelli, 24 microns in

length. Postoculars yellow and inconspicuous, 15 microns. Eyes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

prominent but not protruding, occupying about one-half the length

of the head. Ocelli approximate, separated from inner margin of eyes.

Mouth cone triangular, reaching posterior margin of prosternum.

Antennae 2.7 times as long as head; a forked sense cone on outer

dorsal side of segment three near tip and one on inner ventral side

of segment four.

Prothorax about 1.3 times wider than head, angles rounded, sides

arched. Two prominent dark brown spines on each posterior angle

(inner 75 microns, outer 60 microns). Mesothorax largest. Legs

moderately stout. Wings dusky; all spines long, brown and con-

spicuous, 22 on costa, fore vein with seven in basal half and three

scattered in distal half of wing; posterior vein with eleven regularly

spaced spines, scale 6.

Abdomen elongate ovate, only segments nine and ten narrowed

abruptly and together triangular in shape. Weak, comb-like arrange-

rnent of small hairs along posterior margin of segment eight, a circle

of eight long dark spines (120 microns) on segment nine, and a

similar whorl on segment ten (longest 120 microns). Tenth segment

with a faint median dorsal suture extending about three-quarters

its length from tip.

Male, allotype. Measurements: Head, length .09 mm., width .105

mm.; prothorax, length .096 mm., width .126 mm.; mesothorax, width

.165 mm.; wing length ,52 mm.; total body length ,88 mm. Antennae:

segment one 21 microns; two 30 m. ; three 44 ni.; four 44 m.; five

36 m.; six 51 m.; seven 15 m.; total length 241 microns.

General color same as in female except distal half of antennal seg-

ments four and five which are light brown, and basal third of segment

six which is very light brown.

Head only slightly wider than long. Cheeks arched. Interocular

bristles brown, conspicuous, 18 microns. Postoculars yellow, incon-

spicuous, 15 microns. Eyes prominent, occupying about one-half the

length of the head. Ocelli approximate. Mouth cone reaching pos-

terior margin of prosternum. Antenna 2.7 times as long as head.

Forked sense cones as in female.

Prothorax only slightly longer and slightly wider than head.

Spines on posterior angles dark brown and conspicuous, the inner

ones longer, 45 microns, the outer 27 microns. Legs moderately

stout. Wings dusky; all prominent spines dark brown, 16 on costa,

10 on fore longitudinal vein, and 11 on posterior vein, scale 6.

Abdomen slender. Longest spine on segments nine and ten dark

brown (75 microns).

Described from ten females collected July 24, 1925, and

eleven females and three males collected June 16, 1926, from

Heracleum lanatum (cow parsnip), above Spring Valley Lakes

near Belmont, California. All types in author’s collection. In

life these thrips are of a bright golden color and are rather

sluggish.

JULY, 1926]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

Illustrations

Fig. 1. Ankoihrips gracilis female, portion of head and antennal seg-

ments one and two, dorsal view.

Fig. 2. Ankoihrips gracilis male, end of abdomen, dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Ankoihrips aqualis female, portion of head and antennal seg-

ments one and two, dorsal view.

Fig. 4. Ankoihrips aqualis male, end of abdomen, dorsal view.

Fig. 5. Anaphothrips reticulaius male, end of abdomen, dorsal view.

Fig. 6. Anaphothrips stanfordi male, end of abdomen, dorsal vieAv.

Fig. 7. Anaphothrips bicolor female, head and prothorax, dorsal view.

Fig. 8. Anaphothrips bicolor female, right fore wing.

Fig. 9. Anaphothrips bicolor female, end of abdomen, dorsal vicAv.

JULY, 1926]

MCGREGOR PEST GAUGE

A DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE

DEGREE OF INSECT OCCURRENCE

BY E. A. MCGREGOR

United States Bureau of Entomology

Throughout our entomological experience we have been im-

pressed by the lack in our science of a criterion or means of

judging correctly (1) the absolute degree of infestation of a

given insect within a definite crop unit; (2) the degree of infes-

tation of a given insect within one crop unit in relation to its

severity in another distinct crop unit; and (3) the degree of

infestation of a given insect during one period of time in rela-

tion to the degree of occurrence during a different period in

the same crop unit. Furthermore, in the literature of economic

entomology, where such insect values as these are discussed, the

reader is often unconvinced as to the infallibility of the method

used by the worker in reaching his estimates.

We had not long been engaged in our present project (the

citrus thrips) before it became evident that our insect pos-

sesses characteristics such as to make status studies very diffi-

cult. Some of the features which make insects refractory in

this respect are: minuteness, quickness of movement, timidity,

secretiveness, and a tendency to blend visually with the foliage

of the supporting plant. In attempting to obviate these dis-

concerting factors the writer evolved the device which is de-

scribed in the present paper. For it we propose the names “pest

gauge” or “recovery trap.”

The pest gauge consists of four primary units (Figure 1),

each of which will be described separately. Unit “1” is a light,

durable box of convenient size and shape with a hinged lid.

The box we have used is 8 inches by 6 inches by 2^4 inches in

dimensions. A cigar box will be found to fill these require-

ments. Unit “2” is a sheet of paper on which a thin film of

“tanglefoot” preparation is applied with a painter’s brush. In

size this sheet is such as to fit rather snugly at the bottom of

the box (inside). It is very advisable to leave a one-half-inch

margin of this sheet free of the sticky substance so as to facili-

tate its handling. The actual adhesive area of the sheet, as used

by us, is 25 square inches. We use black paper (as will be

explained later). Unit “3” is a frame of wood or corrugated

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

cardboard of the same dimensions as the sticky sheet and, like

unit “2,’* fits the box snugly. Its opening corresponds in size

and exactly registers with the sticky area of the above sheet.

Unit “4” is a channel-shaped piece of screen of dimensions

such as to permit it readily to enter the box. It rests upon the

above described frame. The mesh of the screen should be of

a selective nature, that is, it must be large enough to allow the

insect to be studied to fall through the mesh, but at the same

time it must prevent larger insects, and especially trash, from

passing through onto the sticky capture sheet.

When the device is assembled the arrangement is as follows :

the adhesive (capture) sheet lies directly on the inner bottom

surface of the box; the frame lies immediately on the capture

sheet; the screen rests on the frame; the box lid is closed to

preclude the possibility of “stragglers’’ reaching the capture

sheet until the trap is put in operation.

The color of the paper to be used for the sticky capture

sheets will be determined by the general color of the insects to

be studied. We employ black paper for this purpose because of

the fact that the citrus thrips is a pale insect, and is more readily

seen and counted on a black background. For dark-colored spe-

cies a white paper is preferable. No arbitrary size need be

stipulated for the sticky capture sheets. This is a factor of no

particular importance. However, for a given insect project it

is vital that a sheet of standard size be adopted and employed

consistently throughout the course of the project. The reason

for uniformity is obvious, for without it the basis for compari-

son (both absolute and relative) would be nonisometric and

inexact.

The preparation of the sticky capture sheets is simple. Only

three components are required, namely, a supply of paper sheets

of uniform size, a can of “tree tanglefoot,” and a two-inch or

two and one-half-inch painter’s brush. In warm weather the

“tanglefoot” can be applied very easily, but in colder weather

it may be necessary to warm the material a little. An ample

stock of these capture sheets may be prepared in advance and

stacked between frames, or the number required for a test may

be made up immediately prior to use. The writer finds that he

can prepare a dozen sheets in ten or fifteen minutes.

JULY, 1926]

MCGREGOR PEST GAUGE

In connection with the operation of the device it is well to

record something of the orchard conditions and of the habits

of our pest species. During the active season both larvae and

adults feed on the tender shoots or terminals of new foliar

growth of the citrus trees, so that during this period infesta-

tion is restricted chiefly to this tissue. When these terminals

toughen, the insects abandon them. Thus it may be seen that

the tender new growth terminal or shoot lends itself well to

the purpose of our feeding unit.

The recovery trap is employed in the following manner. A

grove is visited in which it is desired to determine the status

of the thrips occurrence. Commencing at one corner of the

grove and progressing systematically from point to point, the

tender terminals are deftly shaken against the trap screen which,

with the box, is kept in a horizontal position, the box lid hav-

ing, of course, been opened. Many parts of the grove are thus

canvassed until an adequate number of terminals, usually forty,

have been manipulated. The lid is then closed and a return is

made to the laboratory.

To facilitate the examination of the trap and the enumera-

tion of the insects, the sticky capture sheet is removed and cut

into a convenient number of smaller pieces, usually six. These

sections are critically surveyed with a hand lens and the total

number of captured individuals is ascertained. This total is

then divided by the number of terminals (forty) which yielded

the catch, and the resulting quotient represents our ultimate

factor — “thrips per terminal.”

When it is desired to obtain during a given trip, the pest

status of several groves, or of several experimental plots in a

given grove, this may be done very handily by equipping the

recovery trap with one capture sheet for each grove or plot to

be scored. This is conveniently done by separating the sticky

sheets by means of additional frames (see 3, Figure 1). As

the topmost capture sheet is used, it is placed at the bottom

of the box, so that when the entire status job is completed the

sheets will number from top to bottom in the same order as

the collections were made. It is well to number each capture

sheet to conform with a notebook legend.

A few suggestions may here be made regarding the general

THE PyVN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

use of the device herein described. Obviously, it is adapted

for use only with species which are external feeders. Boring,

tunneling, or excavating insects will not lend themselves to the

operation of the pest gauge. It is patent also that attached

insects (such as scales, mealybugs, whiteflies, etc., in the imma-

ture stages) must be excluded. With these exceptions, the

recovery trap should have general application where active

ph}dophagous species are concerned.

In the act of shaking or striking foliage of the host plant

against the trap screen there is a chance for the personal element

to influence the operation. After using the recovery trap for a

short time, however, the operator becomes sufficiently skilled

so that each branchlet is handled almost uniformly. We should

not fail to mention also that the plant terminal or branchlet

is to some extent a variable factor. This, however, is true of

any plant unit that may be selected for insect estimates. At

most times during the growing season, orange groves possess

a certain number of tender new-growth terminals which stand

out conspicuously against the background of the older, darker

foliage. For the food of the thrips these terminals are the pre-

ferred part of the citrus foliage. As soon as they age and

toughen a little they cease to contrast with the remainder of

the tree and are abandoned by the thrips. These conditions lead

to the fact that the terminals most attractive to the thrips are

at the same time most conspicuous to the human eye, and thus

may be readily detected and employed in our tests. Moreover,

of all the twigs in the grove, those above described conform

more nearly to one uniform type.

The pest gauge has been in use during two seasons of our

citrus thrips studies, and many opportunities have been afforded

to observe its merits. Considerable data have been accumulated

which indicate that the device possesses real value for scoring

varying degrees of pest occurrence. However, on account of

the technical importance of the statistical phases of the sub-

ject, it has been thought best to give these additional study and

to report the data in a second paper. Meanwhile it is possible

that other entomologists may test the device and contribute their

opinions regarding its value. '

JULY, 1926]

MCGREGOR PEST GAUGE

Interesting Moths from Mill Valley, California

The acquisition of a small week-end cottage in a grove of

live oaks and madrones at Mill Valley, twelve miles north of

San Francisco, has given me an opportunity to do some moth

collecting, mostly at light. The results are worthy of a fuller

report, but only a few interesting species need be mentioned

here. Of Matuta quarta Grote a single specimen was taken,

perhaps its first reported capture since its description by Grote

in 1881. Several specimens of Cochisea sinuaria B. and McD.,

heretofore known only from Arizona, are among the catch, and

two of Eurotype contadina Smith were taken on trunks of red-

wood trees. The taking of Conistra devia Grote and Amphipyra

pyraniidoides Gn. seems to extend the known range of these

eastern species, — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CERAMBYCID^

(COL.) FROM THE SOUTHERN PORTION

OF VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C.

BY G. A. HARDY AND W. H. A. PREECE

The following notes are the results of the authors’ joint and

separate observations and investigations carried out during the

years 1924 and 1925; these have special reference to the host

trees of the various species dealt with and to other matters

connected with the life histories of such species. No host trees

are included, of whose use as such the authors have not obtained

indisputable proof at first hand. While it is not contended that

the following information is in any way new, it is hoped that

it may be of interest to other workers in this group as corrobo-

rative evidence if nothing more.

The authors wish to take this opportunity of recording their

sincere appreciation of the unfailing assistance, encouragement

and stimulation which they have received from Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke, to whom must be given primary credit for any informa-

tion of value which may be contained in the following notes.

Ergates spiculatus Lee.

This species has been found evidently newly emerged under

a new railroad tie of douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata

Raf.).

The tie in question was extensively tunneled, heaps of ejected

frass being piled on the ground beneath the cut made in sawing.

Opismus quadrilineatus Mann.

Dead specimens and remains have been found at various

times at the elliptical burrow exits beneath the bark of dead

balsam (Abies grandis Lindl.) and dead douglas fir (Pseudo-

tsuga mucronata Raf.). More extensive evidence as to the

life history of the species was obtained in late December, 1925,

when a series of living imagines was obtained from pupal cells

in dead balsam.

The larva tunnels in the heartwood at from one-half inch to

two or more inches from the surface, the borings as a rule fol-

lowing the grain of the wood. When ready to pupate a perpen-

dicular tunnel about three inches in length is bored out and a

horizontal exit burrow is constructed to the inner surface of,

JULY, 1926 ] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID^

and sometimes partly into, this bark; this tunnel is stuffed with

frass. Pupation takes place at the top of the perpendicular

tunnel, which is slightly enlarged so as to form a pupal cell.

The imagines emerge from the pupal stage in the latter part

of December, remaining in the wood until spring. Very freshly

emerged specimens are distinctly sluggish, but those that have

fully completed their metamorphosis hurriedly seek refuge down

their perpendicular burrows when disturbed. It seems that the

perpendicular burrow is cleared of debris by the imago, as these

burrows were only clear in the cases where the imagines had

evidently emerged some time before, and were full of refuse

in the cases of those whose metamorphosis was hardly complete.

Rhagium lineatum Oliv.

Has been obtained in series from beneath the bark of dead

balsams (Abies grandis Lindl.).

The larvae work in the cambium and outer sapwood. Pupa-

tion takes place at the end of July and beginning of August

in the larva’s second summer. When the bark is removed from

the trunk, the pupal cell appears as an oval, about twice as long

as wide, outlined with frass, the length being determined by the

length of the pupa. The depth of the cell which seems to be

obtained by gnawing away the inner surface of the bark is only

sufficient to enable the pupa to fit snugly between the bark and

the wood. Pupation is not usually of more than a month’s

duration.

On emergence from the pupal stage in late August or early

September, the imago commences to gnaw its way through the

bark from the head of the pupal cell. It should be stated that

the pupa has invariably been found with the dorsal portion

against the wood and the ventral against the bark, which posi-

tion is retained by the imago in gnawing its way out. The

imago gnaws upward and outward, forming a conical-shaped

chamber in the bark at the head of the pupal cell, in which it

hibernates ; it finally emerges from the tree in late March or

early April, April and May being the months of adult activity

in this locality.

Xestoleptura crassipes (Lee.)

Remains have been found at the burrow exit beneath the bark

of an old stump of the balsam (Abies grandis Lindl.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

The larvae mine deep within the heartwood, pupating near

the surface, exit burrows to the inner surface of the bark hav-

ing been bored prior to pupation.

The adults are attracted to flowers, but are more frequently

found flying amongst low herbage.

Leptura dolorosa Lee.

A dead specimen was found at the burrow exit beneath the

bark of an old stump of douglas fir (Psendotsuga mucronata

Raf.).

The adults are most frequently taken in flight, but are also

found frequenting the flowers of Spircea discolor Pursh and

sunning themselves on large leaves such as those of Acer macro-

phyllum Pursh.

Uloch^tes leoninus Lee.

Only one tree was found in which the species was present,

and that was a dead balsam (Abies grandis Lindl.). The por-

tion of the trunk from three to fifteen feet from the ground

was literally honeycombed with the larval borings of this spe-

cies to a depth of some three inches into the heartwood.

The larva prior to pupation bores for some distance perpen-

dicularly, it then turns at a right angle and bores horizontally

out to the inner surface of the bark. This done it returns to

the angle where the pupal cell is formed, the horizontal boring

being blocked with shredded wood, etc., on the return journey.

The imago on emergence has its exit ready made, with the

exception of the bark through which it has to make its way.

July is the month of adult activity.

This interesting insect in many ways bears a striking resem-

blance to a bumblebee, its appearance and coloration are similar,

it has the same kind of blundering flight; the female when

handled makes a bluff at stinging with the ovipositor and also

emits a bee-like, albeit somewhat faint, buzzing sound. It was

not definitely ascertained how the buzzing was produced, though

it is believed to have been done by vibrating the wings against

the elytra, or possibly through the spiracles as is the case with

the Syrphidas, wings and elytra alike being held at an angle of

45 from the abdomen during the performance.

The $ in flight, and sometimes when at rest, carries the ovi-

JULY, 1926] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID^

positor and tip of the abdomen curved up over the back, the

ovipositor pointing straight to the front.

Necydalis l^vicollis Lee.

This species has been found breeding in willo^v and alder

(Alnus rubra Bong.). The borings, pupal cells, etc., though on

a smaller scale, are similar in plan to those of the preceding

species, the larvae riddling the heartwood with perpendicular

burrows. July and August appear to be the months of adult

activity.

One of the most interesting points observed in connection

with this species was the heavy mortality which occurs between

emergence from the pupa and exit from the host tree. Some

casualties were noticed amongst the willow borers, but they were

far more frequent in the cases where alder was the host tree.

Counting corpses and borings from which successful emergence

had taken place, casualties in alder ranged from 15 per cent or

20 per cent to as high as 75 per cent. From the observations

made it would appear that the comparative hardness of wood

and bark may have direct bearing on this subject, for the harder

the wood was the heavier was the casualty list.

This peculiar beetle is liable to be overlooked on account of

its likeness to certain of the parasitic Hymenoptera.

Semanotus ligneus Fab.

This species has been found breeding in the giant cedar

{Thuja plicata Don). The eggs are laid in crevices of the bark

singly or in groups of six to twelve. On hatching, the larvae

at once diverge from each other; the burrows are fairly straight

at first, but soon twist and turn, most commonly looping back

and forth across the grain of the wood. When full fed the larva

dips into the wood, where it forms an elongate pupal cell,

parallel to the grain in most cases ; it then turns, and retracing

its course, bores nearly through the bark, and on finally retreat-

ing to the cell fills the exit burrow with frass; pupation is of

short duration, taking place in the late summer. On emergence

the adult remains over winter in the pupal cell where it is found

lying ventral surface uppermost, head toward exit burrow.

Pupae were seen up to the end of August; from then on only

adults could be found.

A log which had been stripped of bark in late August was

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

found on re-examination to have many empty pupal cells, from

which the adults had voluntarily emerged, possibly due to the

more direct warmth from the sun’s rays arousing them to pre-

mature activity.

A hymenopterous parasite, Xorides insulans Cresson, has

attacked this species to a large extent the past season. Judging

by the number of parasitic cocoons at the end of the larval bur-

rows in the sapwood, it effects its deadly work before its prey

has entered the heartwood for pupation. There is no doubt

that the parasite is a most useful check to what otherwise might

prove a serious pest.

Phymatodes decussatus Lee.

Phymatodes decussatus var. obliquus Csy.

This species and its variety have been found working in dead

branches and saplings of garry oak {Quercus garryana Dough).

A superficial examination shows a number of small elliptical

holes in the bark, through which the adults have emerged. A

more detailed investigation discloses the fact that the larvae feed

in the sapwood, where they execute winding and tortuous gal-

leries, often so extensive as to completely loosen the bark.

When full fed the larva dips abruptly into the heartwood,

where it forms an elongate pupal cell, parallel with the grain.

Prior to pupation it re-emerges from the cell and continues the

exit burrow almost to the outer surface of the bark, which

burrow it blocks with frass.

Occasionally a pupal cell is found having two burrows emerg-

ing from it, one for ingress the other for egress, a very different

arrangement from that above described.

Further investigations may show that one type of cell, etc., is

the work of the species, the other type that of the variety.

Should this prove to be the case it will tend to show that the

variety is a good species.

This species is frequently found in association with Neo-

clytus conjunctus Lee.

Phymatodes vulneratus Lee.

This species has been found breeding in maple {Acer macro -

phyllum Pursh). The habits of the larvae appear to be similar

to those of the larvae of the species mentioned above. No pupal

JULY, 1926] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID.H

cells have been noted with more than one burrow leading into

them.

Xylotrechus undulatus (Say)

A dead specimen of this species has been found at the burrow

exit under the bark of a dead balsam (Abies grandis Lindb).

It is expected, however, that this will be found to be the excep-

tion rather than the rule, as the observed habits of the imagines

lead one to believe that the douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucro-

nata Raf.). will prove to be the host tree most commonly

utilized. We have not, however, as yet obtained indisputable

proof of the douglas fir being so used.

Neoclytus conjunctus Lee.

Dead imagines were taken from under the bark of an oak

drouth of this year, the bark was dried to such an extent that

the insects were unable to gnaw their way through, a factor

which seems to be of some importance in the economy of other

Cerambycidse of similar habits, judging from our observations

this season. In the present case it was estimated that 3 per cent

of the ‘^guests” in this particular log failed to emerge, perhaps

from this cause.

From observations carried out it is found that the larvse feed

in the heartwood of the dead branches or trunks, where they

execute extensive galleries, to a degree that they are instru-

mental in causing many branches to fall. Several instances were

noted in recently fallen branches that could be assigned to no

other cause.

The pupal cell is constructed parallel to the grain and about

half to three-quarters of an inch below the surface of the wood ;

the larva eats an exit burrow from the cell to nearly through

the bark, afterward filling it with fine particles of frass. Per-

fect living adults were dug out of these cells during the middle

of November. They were lying in their cells, elytra uppermost,

head toward exit, and were very sluggish on removal. The

normal period of “adult” activity is April and May; they there-

fore appear to assume the adult form in early winter, remaining

quiescent until spring in the pupal cell.

Plectura spinicauda Mann.

This spider-like wingless Cerambycid has been found breed-

ing in maple (Acer glabrum Torr and Acer macro phyllum

40 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

Pursh.), alder (Alnus ruhra Bong and Alnus sitchensis Regel),

and willow.

The larvae make winding galleries in the sapwood, filled with

coarse f rass ; when approaching maturity they dip into the heart-

wood and form oval cells just below the surface.

The adult on emergence gnaws its way through to the

exterior. Some adults emerge in the fall, being taken at large

in September and October, and all adults taken from pupal cells

during this period were either dead or in process of gnawing

their way to freedom. Throughout the winter, larvae in all stages

were found working and pupae and imagines in the pupal cells,

the majority of the latter dead. Adults have also been taken

at large in April and May, the months hitherto considered to be

the normal period of activity.

The above recorded habits of this most interesting insect lead

one to believe that the species may be in a state of evolution or

process of adaption to a changed condition of climate. Possibly

the species is of boreal origin, where a longer period of develop-

ment would be required than would be necessary under the

warmer climatic conditions pertaining here; perhaps these con-

ditions are causing this species to gradually assume habits simi-

lar to those of the closely allied Ipochus fasciatus Lee. of

southern California.

Synaph^ta guexi Lee.

In one case investigated a dead adult was obtained lying in

the pupal cell in the heartwood of a willow log ; where several

well-grown larvae were observed, the latter were mining in the

sapwood, forming long galleries packed loosely with coarse

frass. From the structure of the pupal cell it was evident that

the larva dipped into the heartwood for a short distance and

formed an elongate pupal cell parallel to the grain. The larvae

then filled the ingress burrow with shredded wood, pupating

head directed toward it, suggesting that this burrow is also used

as the exit by the imago.

Larvae were in various stages of growth, suggesting a wide

range in period of emergence, a conjecture which is borne out

by consulting a list of dates of captures which extend from

April to October. June and July would appear to be the aver-

age time of adult activity.

JULY, 1926 ] BARNES AND BENJAMIN SABULODES

A NEW FORM OF SABULODES CABERATA GN.

(LEPID., GEOM.)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Sabulodes caberata form cottlei Barnes and

Benjamin, nov.

Head and thorax ochre, more or less tinged with brown. All

wings nearly uniformly dark brown, most of the markings

obsolete, t. p. line obsolescent, its course as in caberata. Veins

faintly yellowish. Beneath dark brown ; fore wing below vein 2

white, except at tornus ; hind wing basally white ; all veins

marked with white.

A very striking form which may represent a valid subspecies,

as Mr. Cottle informs us that no other forms of caberata have

been captured by him in the same immediate locality.

Expanse: 43-46 mm.

Type locality: San Francisco, California.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6,2 6 paratypes.

Note — We take pleasure in naming this form in honor of the

collector, Mr. J. E. Cottle. The holotype is in the Barnes collec-

tion, paratypes in collections Cottle and Cassino.

Buprestid Swarming

While the 750,000 barrel storage tank of the Shell Oil Com-

pany was burning at Coalinga, California, during this last

August, untold numbers of Melanophila consputa Lee. were

attracted to the neighborhood. These were excessively stimu-

lated by the heat and odor of the burning oil and were flying

everywhere, often alighting upon individuals, whom they occa-

sionally nipped. I am told by the oil engineers that this is a

common occurrence whenever there are big oil fires. The most

interesting fact in this case is that Coalinga is in an arid part

of the State, and no coniferous trees, the normal food trees

of the beetle, are to be found nearer than from fifty to a hun-

dred miles, so that the beetles not only flew that distance, but

were able to detect the odors that far off. Fine particles of oil

were carried into the upper air strata and deposited at Dinuba,

sixty miles away, so it is not surprising that the more volative

principles were carried so far. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

THE MADRONA APHIS

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley

Anuraphis madronae Essig, n. sp.

This new species was collected from the bark of the Ma-

drona,^ Arbutus menziesii Pursh., growing along Cache Creek

two miles above Rumsey, California, by J. F. Lamiman and

the writer, on May 21, 1925. It occurred in small or large,

dense colonies on the trunks and larger limbs from the surface

of the ground to a height of six or eight feet. At the time the

collections were made nearly all of the individuals were apterous,

and it was only after a long and arduous search that four alate

specimens were taken. The colonies were usually located by

following the large numbers of ants which were always present

on the infested trees. The writer has had no opportunity to

return to the original locality, but has looked elsewhere without

securing other material.

Alate (Type): General color a reddish brown throughout, matching

to a remarkable degree the color of the reddish bark of the madrona

trees. Length of body to tip of cauda, 1.54 mm.; width of thorax.

0.71 mm.; width of abdomen, 0.78 mm. Antennae slightly longer than

the body with many spines; imbricated; length of segments: I, 0.65

mm.; II, 0.78 mm.; Ill, 0.273 mm.; IV, 0.221 mm.; V, 0.156 mm.;

VI, 0.364 mm. (base, 0.091 mm., filament, 0.273 mm.). Sensoria

circular, small and large, distributed as follows: III, right 5; left 7,

IV, none; V and VI, normal. Rostrum, 3 mm. long. Wings nor-

mally veined; front, 2.6 mm. long; hind, 1.5 mm. long; cauda conical;

width of base and length about equal; length, 0.14 mm. Cornicles

slightly swollen basad of the middle, flaring at tip, slightly imbri-

cated, 0.26 mm. long.

Winged paratypes show the following variations in the num-

ber of sensoria on segment III of the antennae: No. 1, right 11,

left 8; No. 2, right 5, left 6; No. 3, right 6, left 5.

Apterous (paratype No. 1). Apparently fully matured, robust.

Color same as the winged form. Length, 2.14 mm.; width,

1.49 mm. Antennae, 1.08 mm.; rostrum, 0.54 mm. Cornicle, 0.35 mm.;

slightly imbricated. Cauda, 0.13 mm., same general shape as that of

the type.

Type and paratypes in my collection at the University of

California.

1 This plant goes under the various common names of madrona,

madrone, madrono.

JULY, 1926]

ESSIG MADRONE APHIS

Fig. 1, Anuraphis madronde Essig, n. sp. A, antennal segments

I-III; B, antennal segments IV-V; C, antennal segment VI (all of

the right member); D, antennal segment III (of left member to show

number and arrangement of the sensoria) ; E, cornicle; F, outline of

the cauda and anal plate.

Insects in the Yosemite Museum

During July, 1926, I was given the opportunity of starting

a collection of insects for the new Yosemite Museum, and am

calling attention to this beginning with the hope that others will

add named specimens from time to time as visits are made to

the Valley. During the month only the commoner and more

conspicuous forms were taken, and these mainly from the Valley

floor. Determinations were made from memory and the few

books available, and all entomologists are requested to correct

errors in naming. In all, 932 specimens representing 199 spe-

cies and 13 orders were placed in the exhibition cases, besides

a number of mounts in the forestry exhibit. — E. O. Essig.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

INSECT ENEMIES OF THE CODLING MOTH IN

THE VICINITY OF VENTURA, CALIFORNIA

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Saticoy, California

During the four years that codling moth investigations have

been carried on by the Saticoy Walnut Growers’ Association

the following parasites and predators have been observed :

Ichneumonidse: ^noplex carpocapsa Cush.

JEnoplex plesioiypus Cush.

JEnoplex n. sp.

Ephialtes sanguineipes (Cr.)

Exetastes n. sp.

Chalcididse : Tricfio gramma sp.

Prospaltella sp.

Tachinidae: Lixophaga n. sp.

Cleridse : Cymatodera angustata Spin.

Cymatodera ovipennis Lee.

Hydnocera scahra Lee.

Those that function most prominently as natural checks are

the species of ^noplex and Trichogramma.

^noplex attacks the hibernating larvae. It is most active

during October and November. At Carpinteria 20 per cent of

800 larvae found in bands on the walnut trees were parasitized.

On October 24, 1925, the band on a large crabapple tree at

Saticoy contained thirty-two larvae ; of these twenty- two were

parasitized. A half-grown larva of JEnoplex was found feed-

ing on the codling moth as late as February.

The cocoons constructed by JEnoplex carpocapsce at Saticoy

were pure white and those of ^noplcx n. sp. golden brown,

while the cocoons of JEnoplex sp. at Carpinteria were black.

A common secondary attacking JEnoplex is Dibrachys bou-

cheanus Ratz. As many as fifteen have been reared from one

larva.

The life-cycle from egg to adult for fifty males of A. carpo-

capsce in the insectary averaged fort 3 '^-six days. The lengths of

the different stages were as follows :

Egg stage, 3 days.

Feeding stage, 10 days.

Resting stage, 8 to 35 days.

Prepupal stage, 3 to 4 days.

Pupal stage, 11 to 16 days.

JULY, 1926]

FLANDERS CODLING MOTH

A female of A. carpocapscc, confined in a battery jar with

codling moth larvae in cocoons, stung 107 of them, but deposited

eggs on forty-eight only.

In the spring of 1926 the cosmopolitan egg parasite Tricho-

gramnta sp, was abundant and functioned effectively as a nat-

ural control. During May and June codling moth eggs were

collected weekly from certain trees scattered throughout the

Saticoy district. From twenty-five of these trees 2610 eggs were

collected. Of these 571 were found to be in the black shell con-

dition which is characteristic of the parasitized egg when the

parasite is in the prepupal or pupal stage. Since the eggs were

collected each week, many parasitized eggs were not recorded

as such because the black shell condition is not reached until

about six days after the egg is first parasitized. On one of the

trees 227 of the 454 eggs counted on the nuts and leaves were

parasitized.

It is estimated that at least 50 per cent of all the eggs

deposited during May and June were parasitized.

A common enemy of the moth at Carpinteria is the large

brown clerid Cymatodera angustata. On ninety trees 200 of

these adult beetles were found under the bands. A number of

the cocoons of the moth were found which had been pene-

trated by the beetle larvae and the contents devoured. At Saticoy

the most effective predator of the hibernating larvae seems to

be the little gray clerid, Hydnocera scabra.

Although the codling moth was first noted on the apple trees

in Ventura County in 1890, natural checks are present and are

of inestimable value.

The insects noted were identified by the specialists, R. A.

Cushman, J. M. Aldrich, A. B. Gahan, and E, C, Van Dyke.

Typhlocyba vs. Eupteryx

In the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,

Vol. XXXI, p. 112, 1918, Mr. McAtee claims that the Curtis

paper in the Entomological Magazine in which genus Eupteryx

was founded was published earlier than that by Germar in

which Typhlocyba first appeared, and his arguments seem con-

clusive. I studied Germar’s paper in Silbermann’s Revue care-

fully when preparing my catalogue, but have not now access

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

to a copy so will make no attempt to settle the question of

priority between these parallel genera of Germar and Curtis

now, but wish merely to call attention to two references not

mentioned by McAtee, but perhaps equally convincing on the

other side. One is Curtis’ own remarks to PI. 633 of his British

Entomology in which he states that ‘'my genus Aphrodes com-

prised two groups, one of which had been previously estab-

lished under the name of Acucephalus by Germar” (italics

mine). I take this to be a direct admission of the priority of

Germar’s names in the paper referred to, including Typhlocyba,

and it was this admission that decided me, in the face of Kirk-

aldy’s investigations, to adopt the Germar names. An additional

argument of some weight is included in the very note quoted

by McAtee to fix the date of the Curtis paper. To that note

the editor appended a reply to “Delta” in which he states that

a correspondent signing himself XYZ says “that every genus,

excepting Paramecosoma, described in the article alluded to

(XIX, p. 186) has been previously characterized” (italics again

mine), and as Eupteryx is one of these previously character-

ized genera we can pretty safely assume that he referred to the

Germar genera as these earlier genera. Both these quotations,

especially the first, require carelul analysis before we accept the

Curtis names. Until such a study has been made I shall con-

tinue to use the Germar names in preference to those of Curtis,

as I have done in the past, — E, P. Van Duzee.

Notes

Dr. and Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke have returned from a two

months’ collecting trip through Colorado with stops at Salt

Lake City, Utah, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Grand Canon,

Arizona. With his usual generosity, he has turned over to the

Academy his entire catch of several thousand insects taken on

this trip, and they are now being mounted. It is too early to

report on this material, but it includes such rare forms as

Cychrus hempeli, snowi and coloradensis.

This spring Mr. J. O. Martin spent a week or two collecting

in the White Mountains in Inyo County, California, The insects

taken, all of which he has presented to the Academy, include

a very large proportion of forms new to the Academy collection,

and have proven most acceptable additions.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee^ Editor F. E. Blaisdell, M. D., Treasurer

EDITORIAL COMMENT

At a meeting of the Publication Committee of the Pacific

Coast Entomological Society, held August 21, 1926, Dr. Stanley

B. Freeborn was appointed treasurer of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist, and beginning January 1, 1927, will attend to this

department of the Society’s activities. Dr. F. E. Blaisdell will

continue to act as treasurer until the date named, after which

he wishes to be free to take a well-earned vacation. Corre-

spondents will kindly notice the change in the treasurership

after January 1.

About two years ago the large collection of insects accumu-

lated by the late Albert Koebele was placed in the care of the

California Academy of Sciences for safekeeping, pending its

final disposition. Mrs. Koebele has now most generously pre-

sented this collection to the Academy under similar conditions

to those under which the Academy accepted the Van Dyke and

Blaisdell collections. Certain groups in the Koebele collection,

including the Coccinellidae, and parasitic Hymenoptera, are

reserved for disposition by Mr, W. M. Giffard of Honolulu,

all the rest coming to the Academy of Sciences. Each specimen

in this collection will have attached a label reading “Koebele

Collection,” and their permanent preservation here will consti-

tute a lasting memorial to the entomological industry of Mr.

Koebele. For many years Mr. Koebele was connected with the

insect control work of the State of California, the United States

Department of Agriculture, and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’

Association,- in which connections he traveled widely in search

of insect predators and parasites, and it was largely through

his efforts that the enemies of the cottony cushion scale were

brought to California and of the sugar-cane leafhopper to the

Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Koebele had a remarkable faculty of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 1

locating the controlling enemies of such injurious insects, and

his efforts covered many destructive forms other than those

mentioned above. The material forming this collection was

acquired, not only about his home in Alameda, California, but

in other places where he carried on his investigations, such as

Easton, Washington; Plumas County, California; Nogales, Ari-

zona; Washington, D. C. ; and in Florida, Australia, New

Zealand, Fiji Islands, Japan, etc.

The California Academy of Sciences, and the entomological

world as well, is also under obligations to Mr. W. M. Giffard of

Honolulu, not only for his help in the final placing of this most

valuable collection in the Museum of the Academy, but also for

its care and preservation during the years when Mr. and Mrs.

Koebele were detained in Germany by war conditions.

Through the generosity of its friends, the Department of

Entomology of the California Academy of Sciences has recently

received some other notable additions to its collection. Prin-

cipal among these is a series of 567 sphinx moths from the dupli-

cate material in the Hill Museum, kindly presented to the

Academy by Mr. B. Preston Clark of Boston, Massachusetts.

After the incorporation with these of the sphingid material

already in the Academy the collection now contains 265 species

or named varieties, represented by nearly 1000 specimens in

this most interesting family of moths. From Dr. William

Barnes has been received a considerable series of characteristic

moths compared with types in the Barnes and other collections

which will be of great value to students of these insects in the

West. Doctor Barnes has also sent the Academy a paratype of

the new Coloradia davisi B. and B., and a specimen of Cercyoitis

stJienele Boisd., the latter probably the only specimen on the

west coast of this very rare California wood nymph, which is

supposed to have become extinct more than thirty years ago.

Dr. H. E. Burke has recently given the Academy a pair of

topotypical Buprcstis frcmontce Burke, following the gift by

Mr. R. D. Hartman of a fine example of Trachykele hartmani

Burke. Another valuable recent addition is a series of para-

types of sixteen species of Perditas received from Mr. P. H.

Timberlake.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts, Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue, No. 41.

For Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. E, Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

From California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, Series 4

Williams, F. X., Butterflies and Hawk-Moths of the Galapagos

Islands. 33 pages, colored plate. 1911. 50 cents.

Hebard, Morgan, Dermaptera and Orthoptera (of the Galapagos

Islands). 35 pages, Illust. 1920. $1.

Ferris, G. F., A Catalogue and Host List of the Anoplura. 84

pages. 1916. 50 cents.

Essig, E. O., and Kuwana, S. I., Some Japanese Aphididse. 77

pages, Illust. 1918. 45 cents.

Aldrich, J. M., Kelp Flies of North America. 22 pages, Illust.

1918. 25 cents.

Cole, F. R. and Lovett, A. L., New Oregon Diptera. 34 pages,

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Hanna, G. D. and others, Insects of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

42 pages, Illust. 1921. 50 cents.

Cole, F. R. and Lovett, A. L., An Annotated List of the Diptera

of Oregon. 147 pages, Illust. 1921. $1.

Curran, C. H., Revision of the Pipiza Group of the Syrphidse

from North America. 48 pages, Illust. 1921. 60 cents.

Address: California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California, U. S. A.

Vol. Ill

October, 1926

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

WINTERS, NOTES ON THE HYDROBIINI OF BOREAL AMERICA 49

COCKERELL, AN INTERESTING NEW BEE FROM CALIFORNIA 58

FALL, ADDITIONS TO LIST OF ALASKAN COLEOPTERA 59

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, GENERIC SYNONYMY 64

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PARTFIEN03 NUBILIS . . 74

COTTLE, EUPFIYDRYAS QUINO BEHR 75

ALEXANDER, THREE UNDESCRIBED ERIOPTERINE CRANE-FLIES 77

COCKERELL, SOME BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

OF SCIENCES 80

BORDEN, APPLE INSECT PESTS IN CALIFORNIA 91

ESSIG, SWARMING TERMITES 92

FLANDERS, VARIATIONS IN SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WALNUT COD-

LING MOTET 93

EDITORIAL 95

San Francisco, California

1926

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

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E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofRce at

Ban Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. Ill, No. 2 October, 1926

NOTES ON THE HYDROBIINI (COLEOPTERA-

HYDROPHILID^) of BOREAL AMERICA

BY FRED C. WINTERS

Santa Barbara, California

The genera and species which were formerly included in

the tribe Hydrobiini Lee. have been separated by Orchymont

(Ann. Soc. Ent., France, 88, 1919, p. 136)' into two subtribes ;

Hydrobiae and Helocharas, an arrangement which has been

accepted by Alfred Knisch in his Catalogue of Hydrophilidae,

published by W. Junk, Berlin, 1924.

The following table and notes concerning our American spe-

cies are arranged in accordance with this work, and are sub-

mitted with the hope that they will prove helpful to our students

of these insects :

Maxillary palpi stout and short, little longer or shorter than the

antennae, last joint as long as or, as a rule, longer than the

penultimate, last joint of tarsi shorter than the preceding ones

united Subtribe Hydrobia Orch.

To it belong: Crenitis, Crenitulus, Paracymus, Hydrobius, Hydrocy-

dus, Anacana, and Laccobius. Type genus Hydrobius.

Maxillary palpi much slenderer than in the Hydrobiae, much longer

than the antennae, last joint as a rule shorter than the penulti-

mate (except in Enochrus s. str.), antennae always nine-jointed

Subtribe Helocharea Orch.

To it belong: Helochares (Muls.), Enochrus {Philhydrus), Cymbio-

dyta, Helocombus, and Helobata {Helopeltis Horn). Type genus

Helochares.

Key for the separation of the genera of the subtribe Hydro-

bise Orch.

Elytra with sutural striae, abdomen with five visible ventral seg-

ments 2

Elytra without sutural striae, abdomen with six visible ventral

segments, trochanters of hind legs enlarged, hind tibiae

curved Laccobius Er.

2. Species larger, longer than 5 mm., elytra striate or rows of

punctures very pronounced 3

— . Species smaller, not over 3 mm. in length, elytra confusedly

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO, 2

punctate or almost impunctate, never striate, at the most

punctures subserially arranged 4

3. Head broader than long, prseclypeus not visible, lateral margin

of thorax and elytra even Hydrohius Leach

— . Head longer than broad, praeclypeus visible, lateral margin of

thorax and elytra serrate emarginate Hydrocyclus Sharp

4. Eyes protuberant, form oblong, subdepressed .....Crenitis Bedel

— . Eyes not protuberant 5

5. Elytra narrowed posteriorly almost from the humerus, meso-

sternum slightly protuberant, hind tarsi united longer than

tibiae Crenitulus gen. nov.

— . Form short and convex, tibiae rather coarsely spinulose, hind

tarsi at the most as long as tibiae... 6

6. Middle and hind femora densely pubescent, upper surface testa-

ceous to piceous, never with a metallic luster Anaceena Thom.

— . Middle and hind femora at most sparsely pubescent at base,

disc always with a metallic luster Paracymus Thom.

Genus Laccobius Er.

Only two distinct species are known to inhabit boreal

America, and are easily separated :

Punctures of the disc of the elytra arranged in distinct rows, form

shorter and more convex offilis Rand.

Disc of elytra confusedly punctate, form more ohlong....ellipticus Lee.

Male. Second and third segments of front tarsi broader.

Habitat. Along the sandy margins of lakes and brooks.

L. agilis Rand: Orono, Me. (Coll. Dodge) ; Riverton and

Portsmouth, R, I.: Claremont, N. H. (Coll. Dow); Kissena

Lake and Oakland Lake, L. I. ; Woodstock, Vt, ; Stony Point

and Ardsley on Hudson, N. Y. ; Totowa, N. J. ; Fort Wingate,

N. M. ; Jemez Springs, N. M. (Coll. Sherman); Riverside,

Cal. Doctor Horn records it from the middle states westward

to California and Oregon,

L. ellipticus Lee.: San Francisco (Coll. Dodge), Camp

Meeker, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island (Doctor Horn),

and Riverside, Cal. ; southern portions of California, Arizona,

and Lower California.

Genus Hydrobius Leach

Alternate intervals of elytra with row of coarse punctures 2

Alternate intervals of elytra without series of coarse punctures,

elytra without trace of scutellar striae scabrosus Horn

OCTOBER, 1926]

WINTERS HYDROBIINI

2. Elytra with well-marked striae, form oblong fuscipes Linn,

— . Elytra with rows of fine punctures, form short and convex 3

3. Posterior femora merely closely punctate near base, not opaque

and pubescent tumidus Lee.

— . Posterior femora densely punctate and pubescent near base and

along the upper border melanus Germ.

H. fuscipes Linn. This is the type of the genus, and is to

be found in the boreal as well as the nearctic regions. I have

seen specimens from Flatbush, L. I., Tompkins Cove, Staten

Island, N. Y., Hackensack, N. J., Woodstock, Vt., Richmond,

Va. (Coll. Dodge), Lake of the Clouds, N. H., Stoneham

and Swampscott, Mass., Orono, Me. (Coll. Beaulne), Ottawa,

Ont., Pullman, Wash., Santa Barbara and Riverside, Cal. It

is common in standing waters from early spring to fall.

H. tumidus Lee. Of this apparently rare species I have seen

only the specimens in Mr. Leng’s collection from Staten Island,

N. Y., and the one in my own collection from Mineola, Long

Island, N. Y., caught in a stagnant pool underneath a half-

submerged log. Doctor Horn records it from New York

to Florida ; Blatchley from Marion County, Ind. ; Leng and

Mutchler from Crescent City, Haw Creek, Bartow and Jackson-

ville, Fla.

H. melcenus Germ. This species is better known as globosus

Say, but Germar’s name has priority as proven by Orchymont

in the Ann. Soc. Ent., France, 88, 1919, p. 137. It is abundant

in the eastern states and seems to prefer running water. It

may be found throughout the summer. I have seen specimens

from Brooklyn, N. Y. (Coll. Shoemaker), Yonkers, N. Y.,

Catskill Mountains, N. Y. (Coll. Angell), Staten Island, N. Y.

(Coll. Davis), Ardsley on Hudson, Tompkins Cove, N. Y.,

Massachusetts (Coll. Dodge), Haldon, Tatowa, N. J., Ash

Grove, Pa. (Coll. Davis), and Richmond, Va. Mr. Blatchley

records it from Mitchell, Lawrence County, Ind. According to

Mr. Richmond (Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42, 1920, p. 52),

its egg cases are more frequently found in moss or in mud at

the shore line and usually entirely concealed except for the

cap end, while those of fuscipes are attached to floating vegeta-

tion away from the bank. The larvae of both of these species

are carnivorous and very much alike.

52 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

H. scahrosus Horn. This species is not a typical Hydrohius.

Further studies based on more material (I have seen only a

single specimen, from City Canon, Utah, kindly given me by

Professor Fall) may prove that it belongs in a distinct genus.

Its head is more oblong than that of a true Hydrobius and less

so than in Hydrocyclus, the coarser serial punctures of head

and thorax are absent and the clypeus is emarginate. The

thorax is not evenly convex, but has a vague depression in the

center and on each side about one-third the distance from the

lateral margin at base, and but a vestige of the sculpturing so

well marked in Helophorus. Elytra with ten moderately deeply

impressed striae, scutellar striae entirely absent, disc vaguely

depressed each side of suture near apex, sixth dorsal inter-

val more convex, seventh, eighth and ninth narrower and

depressed, tenth much wider, more convex with the outer

margin slightly indexed. When viewed from beneath part of

the flank is visible apically. There is also a marked difference

in the tar^i which are round, not laterally compressed, and

much narrower and cone-like at base. The second joint of the

hind tarsi is, by comparison, shorter than in typical Hydrobius

and similar in its relative proportions to that of Hydrocyclus

tessellatus Ziegl., with the last tarsal joint longer and club-

shaped. It occurs at Ketchikan, Alaska (Professor Fall) and

extends as far south as San Francisco (Doctor Horn).

Genus Hydrocyclus Sharp

The type of the genus is Hydrocyclus lacustris Sharp, a

Japanese species described in the Trans. Ent. Soc., London,

1884, p. 451. Mr. Alfred Knisch (Entom. Anz. Jahr. 1, 1921,

pp. 99-102), added two more species and included our H. tessel-

latus Ziegl. The main characteristics of Hydrocyclus are : head

more oblong than in Hydrobius, clypeus emarginate, praecly-

peus visible, serial punctures on head and thorax wanting,

maxillary palpi longer, lower lateral margin of thorax and

elytra serrate emarginate, not entire as in Hydrobius, pros-

ternum carinate, tibiae, pubescent, at least on basal half, tarsi

round, not laterally compressed, conical or narrower at base,

and last joint of hind tarsi longer and club-shaped.

Two species which have formerly been included under Hy-

OCTOBER, 1926]

WINTERS HYDROBIINI

drobius, are known to occur in our fauna and may easily be

separated as follows :

Color pale castaneous, disc of elytra with dark brown marking's,

alternate intervals of elytra more convex and smooth

tessellatus (Ziegl.)

Color piceous, elytral intervals equally convex, finely scabrous

latus (Horn)

H. tessellatus (Ziegl.). Acccording to Mr. Leng (Ins. of Fla.,

1918, p. Ill), this species is found clinging to the underside

of submerged logs. A full-grown larva was taken by Mr.

Schwarz among some leaves caught in roots of a tree near the

margin of a swiftly flowing stream. Mr. Richmond found it

to be quite tuberculate, closely resembling the larvae of melcenus.

I have seen specimens from Bladensburg, Md., Eatontown,

N. J., and Westwood, N. J. (Coll. Sherman). Mr. Leng records

it from Centerville, Fla. (Roberts Coll.), and Doctor Horn

gives its distribution as from Canada to Florida.

H. latus Horn. I have only one specimen of this species

before me, collected by Doctor Fenyes at Castle Crag, Calif.,

and presented by Professor Fall. The scalloped lower margin

is more distinct at the anterior half of the thorax and the apices

of the elytra.

Genus Crenitis Bedel

This genus differs from Anaccena and Paracymus by its

oblong subdepressed and more parallel form, the horizontal epi-

pleurse of the elytra, the more convex and protuberant eyes, its

slender legs and tarsi, the finely spinulose, tibise, hind tarsi

together as long as tibiae, and mesosternum not carinate. This

genus seems to be confined to mountainous regions only.

Type Crenitis punctatostriatus Letzn.

Our species may be separated by the following table :

Antennse nine-jointed 2

Antennae eight-jointed * 3

2. Thorax with a pale border, not alutaceous, posterior femora

punctate and finely pubescent at basal two-thirds

dissimilis (Horn)

— . Thorax entirely piceous, with head and thorax alutaceous, hind

femora faintly strigose moratus (Horn)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

3. Elytra brownish testaceous, femora pubescent.... mon/ico/a (Horn)

— . Elytra piceous, brown side margin of thorax not extending

apically, shining, not alutaceous, legs rufo-brunneo-testaceous

longulus (Fall)

— . Piceo-testaceous, head and thorax finely alutaceous, side margin

of thorax extending apically, femora piceous, basal half punc-

tate and sparsely pubescent alticola (Fall)

C. dissimilis (Horn). Six specimens collected by Mrs. Win-

ters at Camp Meeker, Cal., are in my collection. Doctor Horn

records it from Oregon and as far south as San Francisco.

C. moratus (Horn). This species is unknown to me. Doctor

Horn’s specimens were collected by Mr. Strumberg in Utah.

C. monticola (Horn). I have seen specimens from the White

Mountain region of New Hampshire (Mr. Leng’s collection),

Woodstock, Vt., in the debris of a mountain spring and the

Catskill Mountains, N. Y. (Coll. Nicolay).

C. longulus (Fall). This species was taken at Mitchell, Ind.,

July 16, 1910, and was described by Professor Fall as a Para-

cymus (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 32, 2, June, 1924).

C. alticola (Fall). This species was collected by Mr. J. O.

Martin at Tioga Pass, Sierra Nevada Mountains, Cal., altitude

10,000 feet, August, 1924. I collected one specimen at the over-

flow of Sheffield reservoir, Santa Barbara, May, 1925, but was

unable to find any more, in spite of a most careful hunt. The

maxillary palpi in the specimen before me are stouter than in

monticola, with the second joint very robust.

Genus Crenitulus Winters, new genus

Eyes not protuberant, elytra narrowed posteriorly almost from

the humeri, mesosternum slightly protuberant, tibiae finely spinulose,

first joint of middle and hind tarsi much shorter than second, hind

tarsi longer than tibiae.

Type Crenitulus suturalis (Lee.).

This genus differs from Crenitis by its unique form, less

convex and nonprotuberant eyes and ijiinutely punctate elytra ;

from Paracymus, by its unique form, finely spinulose tibiae and

slender tarsi, as well as by its shining piceous elytra.

Cr. suturalis (Lee.). Doctor Horn records this species as

extending from Canada to Georgia; Leng and Mutchler from

Punta Gorda, Titusville, and Lakeland, Fla. ; Hubbard and

OCTOBER, 1926]

WINTERS HYDROBIINI

Schwarz from Enterprise, Kissimmee and Tampa, Fla. ; while

I have it in my collection from Tatowa, N. J., July; Oakland

Lake, Long Island, N. Y., June; and Richmond, Va., June.

Genus Anac^na Thoms.

This genus differs from Crenitis by its shorter, more convex

and globular form, nonprotuberant eyes, vertical elytral epi-

pleuron, confusedly punctate, never subserially arranged, elytra,

shorter and coarsely spinulose hind tibiae ; and from Paracymus,

by its brownish to black color without any metallic luster and

densely punctate and pubescent hind femora. Two species have

been recorded from our fauna which I believe to be identical

with those of the palearctic fauna.

Clypeus and last joint of maxillary palpi piceous, thorax piceous,

indefinitely paler at the side limbaia (Fab.)

Clypeus in front of each eye testaceous, last joint of maxillary palpi

testaceous at base, tips piceous, thorax variegated, the piceous

confluent markings separated near base by two lighter spots

bipusiulata (Marsh.)

A. limbata (Fab.). This species known to American stu-

dents as infuscatus Motsch. is found among leaf mold in stand-

ing water, and is one of our most common Hydrophilidce.

Doctor Horn records it from Oregon to San Diego, eastward

to Wyoming and Michigan, and thence south to New Mexico.

I have seen specimens from Orono, Me., Swampscott, Mass.,

Nahant, Essex Co., Mass. (Coll. Dodge), Ottawa, Canada

(Coll. Beaulne), Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Brisdale, Conn.

(Coll. Davis), Woodstock, Vt, Kissena Lake, L. I., Hacken-

sack Swamp, N. J., Ardsley on Hudson, N. Y., Santa Barbara,

Riverside and Camp Meeker, Cal.

A. bipustulata (Marsh.). Ent. Brit. I, 1802, p. 406 (Hy-

drophilus). This is a Mediterranean species which looks to me

like A. signaticollis Fall, which was only recently described by

Professor Fall (New Species N. A. Hydrobiini, Journ. N. Y.

Ent. Soc., June, 1924, p. 87). It has never been recorded from

the East, but is quite frequently found in running streams in

southern California and New Mexico. I have seen specimens

from Jemez Springs, Fort Wingate, N. M., Santa Barbara and

Riverside, Cal.

A. globulus Payk. This species was sent to me by Professor

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

Chamberlain, Cornwall Bridge, Conn., in January, 1921, for

identification. It was found in imported nursery stock from

Ireland received March 1, 1911, by B. H. Welden, and is only

mentioned as an interesting fact and for purposes of record.

Genus Paracymus Thoms.

This genus is easily separated from Anaccsna by its metallic

luster and sparsely punctate and at the most sparsely pubescent

hind femora.

Prosternum distinctly carinate 2

Prosternum absolutely simple ; 9

2. Elytra alutaceous 3

— . Elytra shining 5

3. Antennae nine-jointed, form globular despectus (Lee.)

— . Antennae seven-jointed, form oval 4

4. Punctuation of elytra hardly discernible degener (Horn)

— . Punctuation of elytra relatively coarser with mesosternal keel

less developed reductus (Fall.)

5. Antennae eight-jointed subcupreus (Say)

— . Antennae seven-jointed, mesosternal protuberance very pro-

nounced, almost laminiform — 6

6. Prothorax and elytra with sharply defined pale margin which

is broader behind 7

— . Prothorax and elytra suffusedly paler at sides 8

7. Punctuation fine and sparse (California) elegans Fall

— . Punctuation coarser and closer (Alabama) lodingi Fall

8. Punctuation of elytra fine and sparse ellipsis Fall

— . Punctuation of elytra relatively coarser nanus Fall

9. Head and thorax alutaceous, mesosternum with a slight

tubercle (Eastern) digestus (Lee.)

— . Head and thorax shining, mesosternum p\dine....rufiventris (Horn)

seriellus Fall

P. despectus (Lee.). This appears to be a rare species. Its

alutaceous upper surface makes it closely resemble P. degener

(Horn), and I believe that it is often confused with it, but it

is shorter and has a more globular outline, its mesosternum is

less protuberant and it has nine- jointed antennae. I have only

one specimen, from North Beach, Long Island, N. Y., before

me. Doctor Horn gives its distribution as : Massachusetts,

Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Illinois.

P. degener (Horn). This species, according to Doctor Horn,

OCTOBER, 1926] WINTERS HYDROBIINI 57

has nonpunctate elytra, but the series before me proves that

statement to be incorrect. While the punctuation is extremely

fine and variable, it is discernible with a high-power lens. It

seems to occur quite commonly in Florida. My specimens were

collected by Mr. Davis at Everglade, Fla., April to May.

P. reductus Fall. The typical form of this is unknown to

me, but I believe that it is only a form of degener with the

punctuation more pronounced.

P. subcupreus (Say). This is a very widely distributed spe-

cies inhabiting most likely the entire nearctic region. It varies

in size. In the California form the front claw joint is stouter

in the male, but I am unable to find any other characters that

would separate it from eastern specimens, a fact which was

also noted by Professor Fall (Cal. Acad. Sci., Occas. Papers,

8, 1901, p. 218).

P. elegans Fall. This is unknown to me. It was described

by Professor Fall from specimens taken in a salt pool at

Redondo, Cal.

P. lodingi Fall. This species is easily recognized by its coarse

punctuation and well-defined pale border. One specimen was

kindly given to me by Mr. Schsefifer which was collected by

Mr. Coding at Mobile, Ala.

P. ellipsis Fall. This was described from specimens col-

lected by Mr. Schwarz at Hot Springs, Ariz. I collected three

specimens at the Arrowhead Hot Springs, Cal., in July.

P. nanus Fall. I believe this to be a distinct species. Speci-

mens are before me from Lakeland, Fla., and South Bay, Lake

Okeechobee, Fla.

P. digestus (Lee.). This species occurs in mountain streams.

My specimens are from Tompkins Cove, N. Y., Ardsley on

Hudson, N. Y., Catskill Mountains (Coll. Nicolay), and Corn-

wall, Mass. (Coll. Chamberlain).

P. rufiventris (Horn). According to Professor Fall, this spe-

cies is more convex and with the outer rows of punctures less

pronounced than the following. I have four specimens before

me from Jemez Springs, N. M., that were given to me by

Mr. Sherman.

P. seriellus Fall. Four specimens from Camp Meeker, Cal.,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

are before me, which seem to agree with Professor Fall's

description of seriellus. While this species and the last seem to

dilfer as regards their convexity, I am unable to find any specific

characters to separate them.

AN INTERESTING NEW BEE FROM CALIFORNIA

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Bombomelecta callura Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length about 14 mm.; robust, black, with rather short and

obtuse scutellar spines; antennge entirely black; flagellum thick, but

not excessively so; third antennal joint not conspicuously longer

than fourth, fourth about as long as broad; clypeus, front and occi-

put with long white hair, sides of face and cheeks with long black

hair; thorax above with cream-colored hair except for a large median

patch of black hair which does not extend to tegulae; mesopleura

with dull white hair, but long black hair on sides of metathorax;

tegulae black; wings brownish; second cubital cell very narrow; third

cubital bulging excessively on outer side; hair of legs largely black,

but long white hair at end of anterior femora beneath; middle tibis

densely clothed with white felt-like hair on outer side, hind tibiae

with white hair anteriorly at base and apex (most at base) ; hind

basitarsi above with thin white hair, and small joints of all tarsi with

more or less pale hair; first abdominal segment clothed with long

creamy- white hair, but some black along apical margin; remaining

segments with black hair, but third to sixth each with a pair of large

rounded spots of dense white tomentum, these spots altogether

arranged in a V-like pattern; fourth and fifth ventral segments with

pale hair.

Type, male, No. 2396, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

M. C. Van Duzee, February 28, 1926, at Mill Valley, Marin

County, California. A very distinct and beautiful species of

this parasitic genus. The spotting of the abdomen reminds one

of B. ‘Johns oni Ckll., but that has only six spots and the hair

of the thorax above is lively fulvous, without a black patch.

They agree in the bulging third cubital cell. B. maculata (Vier.)

is a much smaller species with four spots on abdomen and hair

of clypeus and mesopleura black.

OCTOBER, 1926]

FALL STENIINI

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF ALASKAN

COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN THE

SUMMER OF 1924

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

Stenus

In the list of Coleoptera taken by the writer in and adjacent

to Alaska during a trip made in the summer of 1924 ^ six spe-

cies of Stenus were given, viz., bipunctatus, austini, pterobra-

chys, stygicus, mammops and cariniceps, and ten others were

reported as unidentified. Since then I have been able to com-

pare these with the types in the Casey collection and give below

the results of this study. Types of the new species are in the

author’s collection.

Stenus shoshonis Csy.

A single male taken at Ketchikan, August 1, 1924, is thus

referred. The unique type in the Casey collection is a female

and somewhat more robust than my male, and the elytra

are slightly more coarsely sculptured, but the identification I

believe is fairly reliable.

Stenus insularis Csy.

Scow Bay, July 30, 1924, two females. Stenus vexatus Csy.

is a synonym of this, but for some reason the synonymy is

reversed in the Leng list.

Stenus frigidus Fall, n. sp.

Form only moderately robust in the male, the female distinctly

stouter; black, feebly shining, femora dark rufo-fuscous above, a

little paler beneath; pubescence very short and fine, scarcely visible

except on the abdomen. Head as wide as the elytra at base, densely

evenly punctate, interocular convexity rather strong, as wide as the

adjoining surfaces anteriorly. Antennae black, proportioned as in

vespertinus. Prothorax narrower than the head, one-fourth longer

than wide (6), or somewhat stouter ($); widest just in advance of

the middle, sides just perceptibly sinuate posteriorly; base and apex

subequal; closely, nearly uniformly and rather coarsely punctate;

canaliculation occupying about the middle half of the length, moder-

ately deep and distinct posteriorly, becoming shallower in front.

Elytra a little wider than long, suture just perceptibly longer than

1 Pan -Pacific Entomologist, Vol. II, pages 127 and 191, 1926,

60 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

the pronotum, sides feebly divergent posteriorly; moderately coarsely

and closely punctate, the punctures more or less coalescent into short

channels posteriorly and with a fairly well defined vortex just behind

the middle and toward the sides, elsewhere distinctly separated,

except basally along the suture and in the introhumeral depressions;

abdominal segments gradually diminishing in width, finely, not

densely punctate, transverse carinae tricuspid.

Male. Ventral segments flattened beneath, fourth to sixth dis-

tinctly broadly roundedly impressed, the margins of the impression

on the fourth and fifth segments fringed with long suberect hairs;

fifth segment distinctly rather strongly arcuately emarginate, the

sixth with a subparabolic emargination nearly as deep as wide;

seventh segment broadly emarginate at tip, with short acute limiting

teeth.

Female. Sixth ventral segment evenly rounded behind. Length,

3.5 mm.

Described from four examples (2 6,2 ? ) collected at Fair-

banks, Alaska, July 7, 1924. An Edmonton, Alb., male in my

collection is quite surely identical, and a female from Mile 214,

H. B. Territory, is provisionally associated though with poorly

defined elytral vortex.

This species, by Casey’s table, must be placed next to sectator,

with which it agrees in size and form. In sectator the elytra

are, however, much more intricately rugose, and the ventral seg-

ments in the male, though similarly emarginate and impressed,

show scarcely a trace of the long setae so conspicuous in frigi-

dus. Should the elytral vortex be disregarded and the species

be looked for in the following section, it would by the table

run to vespertinus and convict or. The former differs from the

present species by its much larger and longer elytra and denser

abdominal punctuation, while convictor has the elytra more

densely and confusedly punctate, and much simpler abdominal

sexual characters of the male. Five specimens of vespertinus

were taken by me on this trip, at Victoria, British Columbia,

unfortunately all females, as is the unique type.

Stenus corvus Csy.

Wrangel, June 17, 1924; Skagway, June 18; Fort Yukon,

July 2; Juneau, July 26; Dawson, Y. T., June 26 to 30.

This is a common and widely dispersed species throughout

the Northwest. The apical margin of the sixth ventral is dis-

tinctly emarginate in the male, whereas Casey describes it as

OCTOBER, 1926]

FALL STENIINI

truncate. In his single male type the apical margin of the

sixth ventral is irregularly worn or broken so that its precise

form is not determinable with certainty, and I have reason to

believe that his supposed male is in reality a female. Moreover,

it is difficult to believe that the sixth segment can be truncate

on a priori grounds, inasmuch as there is no known species of

the corvus type in which that is true, all species of which males

are known having this segment distinctly emarginate in greater

or less degree, while in the entire genus only some three or four

small species, none at all allied to corvus, have the sixth segment

truncate.

Stenus alpicola Fauv.

Skagway, June 18, 1924; Eagle, July 1 ; Seward, July 20.

Stenus nanulus Csy.

Fairbanks, July 7; Anchorage, July 13.

Stenus venustus Csy.

Scow Bay, July 30, a single female. The unique type in the

Casey collection bears only Schwarz’ No. 558, and I was not

able to ascertain its locality. My specimen matches the type very

well except as to sex, the type being a male.

Stenus egenus Er.

Skagway, June 18, five examples; Yukon River (Arctic

Circle), July 2, one female.

Stenus vinnulus Csy.

Fairbanks, July 7 ; Dawson, Y. T., June 24.

Stenus exploratus Fall, n. sp.

Slender, entirely black except the extreme base of the palpi; pube-

scence extremely short and inconspicuous on the head and prothorax,

longer, cinereous, appressed and moderately distinct on the elytra and

abdomen; interspaces between the punctures excessively minutely

and scarcely visibly alutaceous, feebly shining. Head small, evidently

wider than the thorax, but scarcely as wide as the base of the elytra;

interocular convexity well developed, broadly convex, wider than the

adjacent distance to the eyes, punctures rather fine and well sep-

arated. Prothorax nearly one-fourth longer than wide, widest at the

middle, before which point the sides are moderately convergent and

just perceptibly arcuate, behind strongly sinuate to base, which is

a little narrower than the apex; surface convex, not at all canalicu-

late, punctures fine though slightly larger than on the head, sep-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

arated by their own diameters or less and quite evenly distributed.

Elytra very slightly longer than wide, sides only feebly divergent,

suture nearly one-third longer than the pronotum; surface somewhat

depressed, punctuation similar to that of the prothorax, the punc-

tures all isolated and distinct. Basal segments of the abdomen nearly

as wide as the contiguous elytra, side margins strong on first four

segments, much narrower on the last two, finely, evenly, not densely

punctate; transverse carinae not distinctly cuspid.

Male. Unknown.

Female. Sixth ventral broadly angulate at apex.

Length, 3 to 3.2 mm.

Described from two female specimens taken in Mount Mc-

Kinley Park, Alaska, July 9, 1924.

Considering the abdominal carinae as not cuspid, this species

runs to luculentus in Casey’s table. In that species, however,

the interocular surface is said to be equally trilobed by the sul-

cations, the intermediate part nearly flat, elytra at base slightly

narrower than the head, legs somewhat paler beneath, last ven-

tral of female broadly rounded. If the abdominal carinae are

regarded as rudimentarily four-cuspid the present species would

be associated with argus (ageus and rigidus Csy.), which differs

by the larger head, nearly flat interocular surface, much coarser

punctuation, and more convex elytra.

Eu^sthetus

Euaesthetus pacificus Fall, n. sp.

Form slender, linear, rufopiceous; legs and antennae paler, abdo-

men blackish; pubescence very fine, short and obscure; head, thorax

and elytra polished, the last finely and evenly punctate, the two

former a little more strongly and coarsely so; the punctures on all

separated by about their own diameters on the average; abdomen

minutely alutaceous and dull, the punctures sparse and fine. Head,

including the eyes, as wide as the prothorax; the latter just percep-

tibly wider than long; sides parallel and just visibly arcuate in more

than apical half, thence strongly convergent and sinuate to base;

posterior discal erosions well marked and rather long. Elytra

strongly transverse, sides moderately divergent, suture not more than

three-fourths as long as the pronotum; color, luster and punctuation

uniform. Sixth ventral of male with an acutely triangular emargina-

tion which is fully as deep as wide. Sixth ventral of female rounded

at apex.

Length, 1.5 mm.

Described from one male and five females taken in damp

moss at Scow Bay, Alaska, July 30, 1924,

OCTOBER, 1926]

FALL STENIINI

In the single male specimen, which is taken as the type, the

abdominal margin is moderately strong on the first three seg-

ments, but almost wanting on the fourth and fifth; in the

females the fourth segment is about as widely margined as the

three preceding, the fifth more narrowly so.

This is not only the first species of Euaesthetus to be found

in Alaska, but it marks the first occurrence of the genus on the

Pacific Coast. By the very short elytra it must be associated

with hrevipennis and punctatus, differing from the former in

its larger size, different color and more slender form, and from

punctatus in numerous details, judging from the description

of the latter, which being described from Florida can hardly

by any chance be identical.

NOTES

Listronotus obliqus Fab. — This dirt-colored weevil, some

7 to 8.5 mm. in length, which is now called the tomato weevil

and is a native of South America, was first reported from our

southern states in 1923,^ and in March and April, 1925, reported

as attacking carrots in the neighborhood of Santa Clara and

San Jose, California, by Mr. T. D. Urbahns. A number of

specimens were also captured during 1925 on the university

campus at Berkeley by Mr. F. C. Hadden and myself, which

would seem to indicate that this injurious species is now some-

what widely distributed in California. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

Dyslohus {Amnesia) granicollis (Lee.). — This rather com-

mon native weevil of the Northwest was bred from the roots of

the cultivated strawberry at Woodburn, Oregon, October 10,

1926, by Mr. J. Wilcox of the Oregon Agricultural College.

It is the first time that any member of this widely distributed

Pacific Coast genus has been reported as developing in any of

our cultivated plants. The adults of a number of species have,

however, often been found to be injurious to foliage. — Edwin C.

Van Dyke.

1 Chittenden, P. H. The Australian tomato weevil introduced in the

South. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circular 282, July, 1923.

Harned, R. W. A new potato weevil in Mississippi. Quarterly Bui.

State Plant Board of Miss., Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 12, 1923.

Chittenden, P. H. An introduced beetle related to the tomato weevil.

Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., Vol. 39, pp. 71-74, PI. I (July 30, 1926).

64 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

GENERIC SYNONYMY (LEPID., PHAL^NID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Trichocosmia Grt.

Type Trichocosmia inornata Grt.

1883, Grote, Can. Ent., XV, 6, inornata sole species and therefore

type.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 92, type designated

inornata.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IX, 153, type designated

inornata.

1921, Barnes and Lindsey, Psyche, XXVIII, 159, subfamily Mominae.

Namangana Staud.

Type Namafigana cretacea Stand.

1888, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 28, cretacea sole species and

therefore type.

1909, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M,, VIII, 544, type designated

cretacea.'^

Paramiana B. and Benj.

Type Hadena Icetabilis Sm.

1924, Barnes and Benjamin, Contrib., V, (3), 154, type designated

latabilis.

Am I AN A Dyar

Type Amiana niama Dyar

1904, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 104, niama sole species and

designated type.

1924, Barnes and Benjamin, Contrib., V, (3), 154, type designated

niama.

We have, 1924, called attention to the fact that niama Dyar

is an Erastriid and erected the genus Paramiana to hold

Icctahilis and a few other species.

Hampson’s drawing of cretacea Staud., type of Namangana,

showed such a different habitus from North American species

of “Acronyctinae’’ (Apatelinse), and appeared so similar to

some Hadeninae that we were suspicious, and wrote our good

1 We have already called attention to the fact that E u p o 1 i a Sm.,

type licentiosa Sm., sunk to N a m a g a n a by Hampson, has

hairy eyes; licentiosa being a synonym of dentatella Grt.,

type of Trichopolia Grt., Eupolia falls before Trichopo-

lia: (see 1923, Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., XVIII, 123).

OCTOBER, 1926 ] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC SYNONYMY 65

friend Professor M. Draudt to see if he could obtain a speci-

men for us. The Palearctic species placed in Namangana are

rare, but Professor Draudt, through the courtesy of Doctor

Bang-Haas, was able to loan us cotypes of cretacea and accu-

rata from the Staudinger collection.

We find that both of these species have hairy eyes and would

fall between Nephelistis and Odontestra in Hampson’s keys

(1905, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 5). The genus Namangana

is, in reality, very close to Scotogramma, but with the habitus

of a lightly built Trichoclea.^ We have been unable to find

dorsal tuftings on the abdomen of any species of the submarina

(genotype) group of Scoto gramma except the tuft on the basal

segment, but our specimens are all slightly rubbed and fresh

material may furnish a tufting character to differentiate Scoto-

gramma and Namangana. Temporarily the more hairy eyes,

presence of some lashes from behind the eyes, heavier build,

and, in the typical group, the more hairy vestiture of the thorax

will serve to separate Scotogramma from Namangana. The

hair on the eyes of the Palearctic Namangana species is diffi-

cult to see, being much the same as in “^Polia’' alfkenii Grt.,

a species originally described as a Perigea (naked eyes) and

subsequently twice redescribed by Smith, once as having naked

eyes (Perigea latens) and subsequently as possessing hairy

eyes (Tceniocampa occlunia).^

Trickocosmia Grt. was described as possessing hairy eyes.

Grote, 1895, placed the genus next to Trichoclea. Hampson,

1910, overlooked the hair on the eyes and placed the genus

in the ‘‘Acronyctinse” (Apatelinae)'. Barnes and Lindsey, 1921,

saw the hair on the eyes and placed the genus in the ‘"Mominse,”

The genus is extremely close to Namangana and belongs in

the Hadeninae. The eyes are hairy, the hair sparse, fine, and

rather difficult to see. Vein 5 of the hind wing is scarcely

more than a fold, and rather strongly bent at the base for a

2 The name Barathra Hbn. should probably be used instead of

Trichocl ea Grt. In place of Barathra of authors. M a m e s -

tra Ochs., type b r a s s i c se L., designated by Duponchel, 1829, Lep.

Fr., VII, (2), 71, can be used.

3 The hair on the eyes also overlooked by Hampson, 1. c., p. 546, the

species being listed as section 2 of Namangana. While alfkenii

agrees with cretacea in that the eyes are less hairy than normal

for the subfamily Hadeninae, the pectinate male antennse, lashes from

behind the eyes, the relatively smooth Irons, and the obsolescent clypeal

plate prohibit its placement in the same genue as cretacea.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

member of the Hadeninse, this latter character presumably the

reason for prior placement in the ‘‘Mominae.” But the obso-

lescent nature of vein 5 of the hind wing prohibits placement

in the ‘‘Mominae” (Pantheinae). The Pantheinae are typical

quadrifids with strong and tubular vein 5, of a Bombycid

habitus, and with a smooth frons.^

Namangana and Trichocosmia differ in their genotypes by

the following characters :

Namangana; clypeal plate strongly produced, vein 5 of hind

wing rather close to 4, for a member of the Hadeninae, nearly

parallel with it, and not bent at base.

Trichocosmia; clypeal plate rather weak but present; vein 5

of hind wing scarcely more than a fold and strongly bent at

base for a member of the Hadeninae. We suggest following

Grote, 1895, and placing the genus after Trichoclea.

For the North American species now placed in Namangana

we erect the following genus :

Draudtia B. and Benj., gen. nov.

Type Namangana revellata B. and Benj.

Eyes naked. Tibiae unarmed. Proboscis fully developed. Palpi

upturned, the second joint reaching to about the middle of the frons

and moderately scaled in front, the third joint moderate and porrect.

Frons very slightly roughened and without prominence. Eyes large,

rounded. Antennae of male typically ciliated, beaded, sometimes ser-

rate.® Head and thorax clothed chiefly with scales, the pro- and

metathorax with spreading crests. Abdomen with dorsal crest at

base only. Fore wing; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from

upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole;

11 from cell. Hind wing; veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent

from about one-third below middle of discocellulars; 6, 7 typically

from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.

4 The North American species of R a p h i a fall into the Pantheinae.

The type of Raphia Hbn. is Noctuahybris Hbn., desig-nated

by Grote, 1874, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 6. The hair on the eyes of

our North American forms is difficult to see, as the individual hairs are

very short. They can, however, be seen with a high-powered binocular

microscope. We have, so far, been unable to examine the genotype of

Raphia to see if it possesses hairy eyes. If h y b r i s and f r a t e r

are congeneric, C e r t i 1 a Wlk., type fl u x u o s a Wlk. and S a 1 i -

g e n a Wlk., type personata Wlk., will be synonyms of Raphia.

5 Hampson places “X anthoptera” pectinicornis Hamp.,

an Indian species with strongly bipectinate male antennae, in N a man-

ga n a ; but he also places in Namangana, licentiosa Sm. and

alfkenii Grt., the only other species of his Namangana sup-

posed to have pectinate antennae. We have shown that both of these

latter belong in the Hadeninae, and suspect that pectinicornis will

not be congeneric with revellata.

OCTOBER, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC SYNONYMY 67

A number of different groups are represented within the

genus, and it is probable that some of these will ultimately

obtain generic names.

Cea Grt.

Type Cea immacula Grt.

1883, Grote, Pap. Ill, 78, immacula sole species and therefore type.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 93, type designated

immaculata!

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IX, 280, type designated

immacula.

Proboscis present, functional, rather weak; palpi short, the second

joint somewhat upcurved and with little hair, the third joint porrect;

frons with a strong corneous prominence, somewhat variable indi-

vidually, in general somewhat heart-shaped with the point of the

heart toward the vertex of the head, with an additional corneous

central papilla; clypeal plate rather large; eyes moderate, rounded,

unlashed, hairy, the hairs rather sparse and not easily seen; antennee

of male ciliated; thorax clothed with scales mixed with a few hairs

and hair-like scales, appearing uncrested, the prothoracic crest practi-

cally obsolete, the metathoracic crest obsolescent; tibiae moderately

fringed with hair, unarmed; tarsi normally spined; abdomen with

neither crests nor hair tuftings, the basal hairs scattered. Fore wing

with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved and not crenulate;

veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from slightly below upper

angle; 9 from 10, anastomosing with 8 to form the areole; 11 from

cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from near angle of cell; 5 obsoles-

cent from somewhat below middle of discocellulars and rather

strongly bent basally for a trifid; 6, 7 from upper angle, sometimes

connate, often stalked; 8 anastomosing with cell near base only.

The genus belongs in the Hadeninse. Hampson, 1910, did

not have a specimen of immacula before him, and drew his

generic description from cirphidia and leucanidia. Conse-

quently his description is considerably in error.

By Hampson's key to the Hadeninae, 1905, Cat. Lep. Phal.

B. M., V, 5, Cea would key to “Meliana.” ® McDunnough,

1916, Ent. News, XXVII, 396, has already shown that Meliana

Curtis is a 7iom. 7iov. for Melia Curtis nec Bilb., with sociella,

a Galleriid Pyralid, as type, and suggests the use of Neleucania

Sm. for the genus.

6 The difference between a “rounded prominence” and a “truncate

conical prominence” in Hampson’s key to the Hadeninas is evanescent.

If Cea is keyed as having- a “truncate conical prominence” it falls

entirely outside the key because of lack of abdominal tuftings.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

Neieiicania, however, is a member of the Heliophila (or

Leucania) group of genera. Its comparatively smooth frons

is merely somewhat rounded out.

Cea belongs close to Trichocosmia and we would place it

just before the latter.

Ommatostola Grt.

Type Ommatostola lintneri Grt.

1873, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 112, lintneri sole species and

therefore type.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IX, 339, type designated

lintneri.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned, the second

joint not reaching the middle of the frons, the third joint porrect;

frons somewhat roughened but not greatly rounded out; eyes large,

round, ciliated from behind only, hairy, the hair obsolescent and diffi-

cult to see; antennas of male beaded and ciliated; thorax clothed with

hair intermixed with flattened hair and a few narrow bifurcate scales,

crests obsolescent, practically obsolete; tibiae fringed with hair; first

abdominal segment with some hair dorso-laterally, abdomen other-

wise rather smoothly scaled and without crests. Fore wing with the

apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved and not crenulate; veins

3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10

anastomosing with the stalk of 7 and 8 to form the areole; 11 from

cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent

from about one-third below middle of discocellulars; 6 and 7 from

upper angle, variable individually, either connate or stalked; 8 anas-

tomosing with cell near base only.

Hampson, 1910, has made a number of errors in the generic

description. The genus belongs in the Hadeninse, and is close

to Faronta Sm. (type aleada Sm.), but differs in the more

normal wing shape, somewhat longer palpi, possession of rough

hair on the basal abdominal segment, the thoracic vestiture

without broad scales, and the obsolescent nature of the hair

on the eyes.

Buchholzia B. and Benj., gen. nov.^

Type Arsilonche Colorado Sm.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second joint reach-

ing the frons and moderately fringed with hair, the third joint

7 Named in honor of our good friend Mr. Otto Buchholz. Messrs. Buch-

holz and Lemmer have, in a most unselfish manner and with no thought

of any personal gain whatsoever, donated to the Barnes collection large

quantities of valuable material and have thereby greatly assisted us.

OCTOBER, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC SYNONYMY 69

porrect; vertex with a strong band of hair-like scales between and

ventrad of the antennal sockets; frons with a rounded roughened

prominence covered with scales, the central scales usually lost due

to rubbing, the clypeal plate small; eyes large, round, ciliated from

behind, hairy, the hair obsolescent and difficult to see; antennae of

male ciliated; thorax clothed with hair and hair-like scales, the pro-

and metathorax with small spreading crests; tibiae unarmed, moder-

ately fringed with hair; abdomen with some rough hair at the base,

especially laterally, dorsally tending to form an obsolescent crest on

the first segment. Fore wing with the apex somewhat produced and

acute, the termen evenly curved and hardly crenulate; veins 3 and 5

from near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; radial veins variable

individually, 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole, or

9 from 10 anastomosing with the stalk of 7 and 8 to form the areole;

11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 obso-

lescent from about one-third below middle of discocellulars; 6 and 7

shortly stalked from upper angle (in all available material, probably

a character subject to individual variation); 8 anastomosing with the

cell near base only.

This is in reality the genus Cea of Hampson, but not of

Grote. The genus belongs in the Hadeninse, and is close to

Faronta Sm. The obsolescent nature of the hair on the eyes

will immediately separate this genus from its allies in the

Neleucania-Faronta group except from the genus Ommato-

stola. In wing-shape and hair ori the eyes it resembles the

latter. Buchholsia has the frons heavily rounded out and

clothed with closely appressed scales; Ommatostola has the

frons much less rounded out, smoother, and covered with a

dense vestiture of hair, hair-like scales, and scales.

Lemmeria B. and Benj., nom. nov.®

Type Anchocelis digitalis Grt.

$ Brachycosmia Hamps. (nec. Butler)

Type Anchocelis digitalis Grt.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 496, digitalis sole species

and designated type.

Proboscis aborted, small. Palpi obliquely upcurved, and fringed

with long hair in front. Frons strongly produced into a crescent-

shaped prominence the ventral edge of which is defined by a strong

ridge, clypeal plate not visible. Eyes small, reniform, strongly

lashed, naked. Antennas of male beaded and ciliated. Head and

thorax clothed with hair and hair-like bifurcate scales, the prothorax

with more or less of a triangular crest, probably movable, differing

8 Named in honor of our good friend Mr. Frederick Lemmer.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

individually (metathorax too rubbed in six examples before the

authors to tell the exact nature of its vestiture). Tibiae fringed with

long hair and unarmed. Tarsi rather heavily spined. Abdomen

clothed with long hair as well as scales and with a dorsal tuft of

hair on the first segment; elongate in female, normal in male. Fore

wing; triangular, the costa nearly straight, the apex somewhat pro-

duced, the termen obliquely curved; veins 3, 5 from near angle of

cell; 6 from below upper angle, 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to

form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle

of cell or shortly stalked; 5 little more than a fold, from slightly

below middle of discocellulars, nearly parallel with 4, not bent bas-

ally; 6, 7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.

We have redescribed the genus because of the number of

errors in Hampson’s description. The name Brachycosmia is

preoccupied by Brachycosmia Butler (1890, Trans. Ent. Soc.,

Lond., p. 680). Noctua ambusta D. and S. sole species and

designated type. Brachycosmia Butl. falls to the genus Hamp-

son (1. c., p. 493) calls Atethmia Hbn., and credits to the

Verz. bek. Schmett., but Atethmia Hbn. was first published

in the Zutrage as a monotypic genus with type subiista Hbn.,

so that Atethmia Hbn. should be used instead of Bagisara Wlk.

in the Apatelinae. Tethea Ochs., which Hampson lists “non

descr. nec Tethia, Lam. Hsc. 1816, or Tethya, Oken, Spong.

1815 . . . type . . . ambusta/' is presumably an available name,

as it does not appear to be a homonym and Ochsenheimer

described it by indication, viz., bibliographical references. The

type of Tethea Ochs, appears to be or Fabr., designated by

Curtis, 1829, a species belonging to the Thyatiridae, not to the

Phalaenidae, with no North American species now listed as

congeneric. Cirroedia Gn., 1852, Sp. Gen., V, Noct., I, 401,

p. 402, type designated xerampelina, is the oldest generic name

we find available for Atethmia of Hampson and authors.

Brachycosmia Butl. appears to be a synonym of Cirrcedia Gn.

Eucirrcedia Grt. is based on the more crenulate outer margin

of the fore wing of its genotype, pampina, a difference which,

at this time, we do not consider of generic significance; and

follow Hampson in listing it as a synonym of Cirroedia.

Platypolia Grt.

Type Pachypolia acutissima Grt.

1895, Grote, Abb. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 82, type designated

acutissima.

OCTOBER, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC SYNONYMY 71

Eurotype Hamp.

Type Pachypolia acuHssima Grt.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 289, type designated

acutissima.

The name Flatypolia Grt. appears to have been generally

overlooked in the literature. Eurotype Hamp. is a straight

synonym.

Heliodora Neum.

Type Heliodora magnidca Neum.

1881, Neumoegen, Can. Ent., XXIII, 125, magnifica sole species and

therefore type.

1895, Grote, Ent. Rec., VI, 79, preoc.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 108, preoc.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., X, 675, lists preoc., Heliodore,

Stal, Hem., 1867; type designated costalis, presumably for

synonym magnifica.

Grceperia Grt.

Type Heliodora magnidca Neum,

1895, Grote, Ent. Rec., VI, 79, nom. nov. for Heliodora Neum. nec

Heliodore Stal, type designated magnifica.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 108, type designated

magnifica.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., X, 675, type designated cos-

ialis, presumably for synonym magnifica.

Tornacontia Sm.

Type Tar ache sutrix Grt.

1900, Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXVII, 49, lists sutrix and

megocula.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M,, X, 675, type designated

sutrix.

Heliodora Neum. does not appear to be a homonym, and the

name should be used instead of Grceperia Grt. Tornacontia

Sm. may ultimately be valid generically, as its genotype, sutrix,

differs considerably from magnifica.

Therasea Grt.

Type Tarache angustipennis Grt.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 115, footnote, angusti~

pennis sole species and designated type; p. 126, name in

index without page reference.

72 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

1903, Dyar, List, p. 213.

1903, Holland, Moth Book, p. 251.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., X, 702, lists non. descr., quot-

ing p. 126 of Grote, 1895; lists preoc., Therasia Hutton,

Moll., 1884; type designated angustipennis.

Conacontia Sm.

Type Conacontia fiavicosta Sm.

1900, Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXVII, 49, 55, 57, 58, lists

angustipennis and fiavicosta.

1910, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., X, 702, type designated

fiavicosta.

Tkerasea Grt. does not appear to be a homonym. Grote,

1895, sufficiently described the genus to render the name avail-

able. The name should be used instead of Conacontia Sm.

Paracretonia Dyar

Type Paracretonia xithon Dyar

1912, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XIV, 167, xithon sole species and

therefore type.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned, rather short,

the second joint reaching the clypeal plate, the third moderate and

reaching about the center of the frons; frons with a corneous promi-

nence, irregular in outline, rather truncate, armed with strong, pointed

granulations arranged to cover the cephalic surface of the promi-

nence and also in a ring around its outer margin, a strong clypeal

plate present; eyes large and rounded, naked, unciliated; antennae

of male (?); thorax clothed almost entirely with scales, only a slight

metathoracic crest visible in specimens before the authors; tibiae

moderately fringed with hair, unarmed, the fore tibiae somewhat

shorter than normal; fore metatarsus armed with five long curved

spines on outer side, otherwise the tarsal armature nearly normal;

abdomen with a very slight dorsal crest on the basal segment only.

Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen slightly crenulate,

otherwise evenly curved; veins 3, 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from

slightly below upper angle; 9 from 10, anastomosing with 8 and 7

to form the areole (7, 8, and 9 stalked from areole) which is small;

11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 strongly

developed from close to the angle; 6, 7 from upper angle appearing

very slightly stalked; 8 anastomosing with cell near base only.

As Doctor Dyar’s original description is rather brief, we

have redescribed the genus. Taxonomically the genus is very

interesting. We have no knowledge of the duplication of its

OCTOBER, 1926] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC SYNONYMY 73

peculiar frons. The hind wing- venation is typical quadrifid

rather than the intermediate type common to most of the

“Erastriinse” (recte Acontiinae). The tarsal armature com-

bined with the very strong clypeal plate and general habitus

recalls the Heliothids ; while other habitus characters are remi-

niscent of that group of Apatelinas surrounding Oxycnemis.

This, and the following new genus, have many characters in

common. Tentatively we place them in the “Erastriinae.”

Erastria is a Tentamen genus, simply stolen by Ochsenheimer

after his acknowledged receipt and adoption of the work, from

the Geometridas. Besides its use in the Tentamen, there is a

decided possibility that Erastria was elsewhere published by

Hubner in the Geometridas before being published by Ochsen-

heimer in the Phalaenidas. The type genus of Acontiinae is

Acontia Ochs., with type Solaris D. and S. designated by

Duponchel, 1829. Hampson has already rejected Acontiinae

as employed in the Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., adopting in its place

‘'Vestemiannianae,” derived from W estermannia. If this latter

is the type genus of the subfamily, which we much doubt, the

name would have to be Westermanniinas to comply with the

International Zoological Code.

Airamia B. and Benj., gen. nov.®

Type Hoplotarache albiocula B. and McD,

Proboscis very long; palpi obliquely upturned, rather short, the

second joint reaching the clypeal plate, the third short, semi-porrect,

reaching about the center of the frons; frons strongly rounded out,

with a truncate corneous prominence with raised rim, the promi-

nence nearly circular in outline, the circle ventrally flattened, with

an additional very strong circular truncate corneous process from the

ventral edge of the prominence, a strong clypeal plate present; eyes

large and rounded, naked, unciliated; antennas of male simple, clothed

with very short cilia only; thorax clothed almost entirely with scales,

prothoracic crest obsolescent, practically obsolete, metathoracic crest

strong; tibiae moderately fringed with hair, unarmed, the fore tibiae

scarcely shorter than normal; fore metatarsus armed on outer side

with a long curved claw nearly the length of the second tarsal joint,

and three spines the distal two of which are stronger than normal;

other tarsal spines, especially those on the distal part of their respec-

tive segments, tending to be longer than normal; abdomen practically

9 stem of name, an anogram, being in recognition of the efforts of the

wife of the junior author to assist with catalogue work, and in other

ways.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

uncrested, a few scales on the basal segment tending to be arranged

as an obsolescent dorsal crest. Venation as in Paracretonia with the

exception that the areole is considerably larger.

A. albiocula is, as yet, very rare in collections. The Barnes

collection possesses the female type from Olancha, Inyo

County, California, figured 1918, Contrib., pi. XVII, 12. To

the best of our knowledge this remained a unique until a short

time ago, when Mr. Van Duzee sent other specimens taken by

Mr. J. O. Martin in Silver Canyon, White Mountains, Inyo

County, California. We are greatly indebted to Mr. Van Duzee

for a pair of this interesting species. We understand that a

couple of other specimens are in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences, these including a specimen com-

pared with the type.

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EUPARTHENOS NUBILIS

(LEPID., PHAL^NID^, CATOCALIN^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Euparthenos nubilis osiris Barnes and Benjamin

race nov.

Similar to E. nubilis apache Poling, but much paler. The

orange of the upper side of the hind wing replaced by luteous.

Beneath also much paler and with the normal orange tones

largely replaced by pale luteous.

Type locality: Jemez Springs, New Mexico.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 3, 24-31 July; allo-

type $ , 16-23 July.

Notes — Types in Barnes collection, which also possesses a

similar pair taken by Mr. Oslar at Rio Blanco Mountain,

Colorado, July.

OCTOBER, 1926] COTTLE EUPHYDRYAS QUINO

EUPHYDRYAS QUINO BEHR

BY JAMES E. COTTLE

San Francisco, California

There has been the most interminable confusion in regard

to the identity of this species. In 1907 Fordyce Grinnel in a

paper in the Canadian Entomologist, page 380, confuses quino

with augusta Edw. Barnes and McDonough in their contribu-

tions do not altogether acquiesce. However, Grinners Syn-

onymy is accepted for the time being.

W. G. Wright, in his book “Butterflies of the West Coast,”

page 147, makes the following statement : “Before Doctor

Behr’s death, I applied three times to see quino, without suc-

cess, so I concluded he had no quino examples.”

Let me here state that Doctor Behr was a very peculiar man.

If you understood him, you might sail along like a ship before

the wind, in the most amiable manner. On the contrary, if you

entered the Academy in that know-it-all, arrogant mode your

dove-like voice would not be heard, your desired information

or request would go by the board.

G, O. Mueller, an old German friend of mine, with whom I

collected many years, once said to me: “Cottle, what is the

matter with Behr? If I am in your company I can see some-

thing” (referring to certain specimens he wished to see), “but

if I am alone he will show me nothing.” My answer was:

“Mueller, you presume too much; do not cross him.”

With me it was different. I knew but little regarding ento-

mology, and I always asked Behr’s advice in any matter per-

taining to it. If he advised me as to where I could capture a

certain species, I would try and get it, and would remember

him on my return.

The question here is, did Behr have examples of quino?

When Wright requested to see them I am positive he had, for

I myself had given them to him. Some thirty-five years ago

I spent a day collecting in Contra Costa County. On this occa-

sion I noticed quite a number of what I considered choice dona.

It was their unusual large size that attracted my attention. I

captured some twenty specimens. On my way home I dropped

into the Academy, as was my custom, and showed my catch

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

to Behr. He examined one ; then rubbing his hands together

in apparent glee exclaimed, “My big quino, you have some

for me, I know.” I gave him four pairs. So I conclude that

Wright must have displeased or angered him in some manner,

since he refused to let him see those specimens.

Wright, I will admit, made many mistakes in his calcula-

tions, two of which stand out prominently above all others.

The first is about the picturing of a male Cercyonis stephensi,

in his book. Such a species never existed. Stephensi is but one

of the many variable females of Cercyonis gabbi. Edw. Dr.

John A. Comstock, of the Southwest Museum of Los Angeles,

has settled that question for all time.

His second blunder of note was in picturing a male Meli-

tcea eremita, as his eremita is merely the dark female of palla

Bdv. His eremita, as he states, “might have been hiding in

an isolated spot on a mountain in central California.” But the

same species was not so shy or modest in Shasta County, as

I have captured numbers of them years ago along the railroad

tracks in Castella.

Nevertheless, his conclusions as regards quino 2 .re correct,

and when he refers his readers to Papilio, 1881, page 52, he is

right again, for that description answers well, to wit : “Brown-

black on upper side, black abounds and overshadows both

white and red, and all marking of the underside broadly and

conspicuously edged in black.” You may call it chalcedona, and

I am of the opinion you could also call colon chalcedona with-

out making much of a mistake. But that is not my contention.

I contend that the species I have in my possession is what Behr

and Edwards called quino, and there is no getting away from

the truth. Call it by whatever name you may, I contend, as I

said, that it is the true quino. And in saying so I but echo the

opinion of two of the greatest lepidopterists of their day and

my own personal knowledge of the species obtained from my

old lamented friend, Dr. Herman Behr.

OCTOBER, 1926] ALEXANDER TIPULID^

THREE UNDESCRIBED ERIOPTERINE CRANE-

FLIES FROM CALIFORNIA (TIPULIDvE,

DIPTERA)

BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER

Amherst) Massachusetts

Dasymolophilus subnudus Alexander, sp. n.

Male. Length about 2.5 mm.; wing, 3.2 mm.

General coloration of virtually the entire body, including the abdo-

men and hypopygium, dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, the

scutellum a trifle paler.

Wings longer and narrower than in ursinus, the anal region greatly

reduced; wings tinged with brown, the veins and macrotrichiae

darker. Macrotrichiae in the cells beyond the cord very sparse, there

being none in the distal half, or more, of cells i?g, R^, or and

scarcely any in cells or ; basad of the cord there is a sparse

line of trichiae along the centers of the cells, as in ursinus. Venation:

Cell jRg more extensively sessile than in ursinus, the inner end lying

considerably more proximad than either cell R^ or R^) cell longer

and narrower, widest near midlength; vein 2nd A relatively short,

only about two-fifths the length of vein 1st A, cell 2nd A being very

narrow. In ursinus, vein 2nd A is longer, approximately one-half the

length of vein 1st A.

Male hypopygium with the dististyle slightly subterminal in posi-

tion, long, strongly curved to the acute tip, the basal half more

swollen; before the tip on the concave face with about three small,

acute teeth, shorter and less conspicuous than in ursinus, the long

narrow apex along the outer convex margin with a series of barely

indicated appressed spinulse. Besides the long sinuous sedeagus,

there is a more dorsal elongate blackened structure that is densely

set along its length with subappressed spinulse.

Holotype, 6, Berkeley, California, May 7, 1915 (M. C.

Van Duzee). Paratopotype, a fragmentary male. Type in the

Van Duzee collection.

I am much indebted to Mr. Van Duzee for the loan of this

specimen. The genus Dasymolophilus Goetghebuer is certainly

distinct from Molophilus, in several respects pointing more

directly to the essentially Australasian genus Tasiocera Skuse.

Besides the genotype, miirinus Meigen, of Europe, two species

occur in Eastern North America {ursinus Osten Sacken and

jtiphadias Alexander). Still another perfectly typical species,

circumcinctus Meunier, is found in the Baltic Amber, It is still

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

uncertain whether the recently described British species, pusillus

Edwards, known only from the female sex, belongs to Dasy~

molophiluSj the cells of the wing being glabrous. The species

described above departs from the characters of the genus in the

subglabrous condition of most of the cells of the wing that lie

beyond the cord.

Molophilus sackenianus Alexander, sp. n.

Male. Length about 4.5 mm.; wing about 6 mm.

Antennae short, pale yellowish brown. General coloration brownish

gray, the midline of the praescutum somewhat darker brown; pseudo-

sutural foveae dark. Halteres pale. Wings with a brownish irides-

cent tinge, the costal fringe dark brown, the remaining trichiae of

the wing more yellowish, conspicuous. Abdomen dark brown, the

hypopygium yellow, the abdomen clothed with long yellow set®.

Male hypopygium unusually large and conspicuous. Basistyles very

long and narrow, deeply divided, the dorsal lobe slender, the ventral

lobe much longer, expanded at tip and here produced into an acute

chitinized spine that is directed dorsad and mesad, the apex of the

lobe beyond this spine with a dense erect black pubescence. Basal

dististyle a cylindrical black rod that is strongly curved at apex and

here provided with microscopic appressed spinul®. Outer dististyle

a little shorter and more slender, sinuous, very gradually narrowed

to the acute blackened apex, .^deagus long and slender.

Holotype, 6 , San Rafael, California, March 31 (Osten

Sacken). Type in the Osten Sacken collection, Museum of

Camparative Zoology.

This interesting species is named in honor of the great

pioneer student of the Tipulidse, Baron C. R. Osten Sacken.

The species is discussed by Osten Sacken (Western Diptera,

p. 200, 1877), as forcipula, to which species it is not closely

related. It is certain that Osten Sacken had at least two species

of Molophilus confused in this material of the “Western Dip-

tera,” the only one that is certainly sackenianus being the holo-

type male described. I am indebted to Dr, Nathan Banks for

the opportunity of studying this, and other Sackenian types,

while on a recent visit to Cambridge.

Gonomyia (Progonomyia) hesperia Alexander, sp. n.

Male. Length, 4. 4-4. 8 mm.; wing, 4.8-5. 5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenn® brownish black through-

out, the flagellar segments relatively elongate. Head dark gray, the

anterior vertex suffused with obscure fulvous.

OCTOBER, 1926]

ALEXANDER TIPULID^

Pronotum brown with a slightly elevated yellowish median area.

Lateral pretergites brighter yellow. Mesonotal prsescutum light

brown with four darker brown stripes, the narrow intermediate pair

confluent in front, narrowly separated behind, not reaching the

suture; lateral stripes paler brown, in cases relatively indistinct;

lateral margins and humeral region yellowish; pseudosutural fovese

large, shiny dark brown to black; scutum dark brown, the median

area broadly testaceous, margined laterally with yellow; posterior

lateral angles of scutal lobes yellow; scutellum dark brownish gray,

narrowly divided medially by a capillary pale line; postnotum brown,

sparsely pruinose, the antero-lateral margins of the mediotergite and

the adjacent margin of the pleurotergite restrictedly yellow. Pleura

brown, sometimes paler ventrally, with a narrow obscure yellow

longitudinal stripe extending from behind the fore coxa, passing

above the middle coxa, ending above the posterior coxa. Halteres

pale, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae pale brownish testa-

ceous; trochanters obscure brownish yellow; femora yellowish brown;

tibiae brown, their tips and the tarsi brownish black. Wings sub-

hyaline, the stigma relatively small, elongate-oval to broadly tri-

angular, pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc^ ending about

opposite two-thirds the length of Rs, Sc alone a little longer than

m-cu ; r preserved but faint, placed at midlength of the stigma and

just before fork of

Abdominal tergites brown, the sternites somewhat more bicolorous,

brighter medially, narrowly darker laterally and subapically, the

caudal margin of the intermediate sternites narrowly yellow; hypopy-

gium more yellowish. Male hypopygium with the tips of the basi-

styles produced beyond the level of the insertion of the dististyles

into a conical fleshy lobe with long setae. Outer dististyle elongate,

sinuous, gradually narrowed to the acute black tip, the base expanded,

the lower surface of the style with conspicuous setae. Inner disti-

style a straight rod, the basal half stouter, setiferous, on the outer

face with a small blackened spine; beyond this spine the apical half

of the style is prolonged into a slender rod, the blackened acute apex

slightly curved and with a few microscopic setulse before tip.

Holotype, 6 , Riverside, California, Aug-ust 24, 1926, at light

during a very hot spell (T. D. A. Cockerell). Paratopotype,

6 . Type in the writer’s collection.

I am greatly indebted to Professor Cockerell for this and

other material that he has most kindly sent me in the past.

The only other nearctic species of the subgenus is slossoncp

Alexander, ranging from South Carolina southward into the

neotropical regions. The present species differs from all of

the numerous described forms in the unusual degree of hairi-

ness of the dististyles of the hypopygium.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

SOME BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Boulder, Colorado

Looking over the undetermined bees at the Academy recently,

I selected the following for study:

Ox^iD^

Protox.ea gloriosa (Fox)

Females : Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona, August 18, 1924

(O. C. Poling).

Hyl^id^

Hyl^us trident atus (Cockerell)

Both sexes; Silver Canon, White Mountains, Inyo County,

California, May 11, 1926 (J. O. Martin).

Hyl^us nunenmacheri (Bridwell)

Female; Mount St. Helena, California, May 12, 1926 (E. P.

Van Duzee).

Panurgid^

Panurgus melanocephalus Cockerell, n. sp.

Male (type). Length about 9 mm.; rather slender, black, includ-

ing face; head very broad; hair of head long and abundant but

erect, not concealing the surface, mostly black but white on lower

part of cheeks and below mandibles; flagellum long and stout, dark

red beneath except at base; clypeus dullish, rugulose, with a median

longitudinal depression; labrum highly polished; mandibles rufous

apically; front entirely dull; cheeks shining; thorax above dullish,

mesothorax with a strong median groove; scutellum densely and

very finely punctured; area of metathorax dull, not evidently sculp-

tured; mesopleura dull; hair of thorax long and pale, brownish-

tinted above; tegulse shining black; wings faintly dusky, stigma and

nervures sepia brown; first recurrent nervure meeting first inter-

cubitus; legs black with pale hairs, tarsi somewhat rufescent api-

cally; abdomen shining, thinly hairy, bases of segments more or less

reddish; apex with a tuft of light hairs. Closely related to P. atriceps

(Cresson). but considerably larger with very broad head, much

duller, rugulose clypeus, and shorter mandibles. The dull mesothorax

and black tegulse are also distinctive.

OCTOBER, 1926]

COCKERELL BEES

Female. Differs from P. atrueps in a similar manner; the dull

clypeus, long brownish black hairs on face, dull mesothorax, and

darker though somewhat reddish tegulae. The stigma is dull pale

ferruginous, much lighter than in the males. The hair of the thorax

above is dilute sooty.

Type No. 2386, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. C.

Van Dyke, April 22, 1919, at Berkeley, California. Two

females are from Muir Woods, Marin County, California,

May 4, 1913 (Van Dyke). P. atriceps occurs in the coast

region from Seattle, Washington (Kincaid), to mountains near

Claremont, California (Baker). Fowler records it from

Berkeley.

COLLETID^

Colletes kobensis Cockerell, n. sp.

Female. Length about 12 mm., anterior wing 8.3 mm.; rather

robust, black with pale ferruginous hair on thorax above and occipital

region with no dark hair intermixed; other hairs of head and thorax

lighter, white on front of head, cheeks and lower parts of thorax;

mandibles black; labrum highly polished, convex, with a median

sulcus; malar space linear; clypeus dull, extremely densely and

coarsely punctured; face broad; flagellum very obscurely reddish

beneath, a little lighter red at tip; mesothorax with very coarse

punctures, but on disc shining between the punctures; scutellum

shining anteriorly; base of metathorax with a transverse keel, above

which are numerous ridges; tegulse translucent rufotestaceous; wings

hyaline, very faintly dusky, stigma and nervures dusky reddish;

second cubital cell very broad, receiving recurrent nervure in

middle; legs ordinary, with pale hairs, reddish on inner side of tarsi;

abdomen moderately shining, closely punctured on first segment,

more finely on second, weakly on the others; segments 2 to 4 with

rather broad dense white hair bands; first segment with a little band

at each extreme side; fifth with a narrow band, its outline convex

toward base of segment; apical segment with thin dark rusty-brown

hairs. This bee had collected bright ferruginous pollen.

Type, female. No. 2387, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

October 16, 1909, at Kobe, Japan. It has the appearance of

C. succinctus (L.), but is separated by the first abdominal seg-

ment shining and more coarsely punctured and not red on apical

margin, the second segment not so finely punctured and the

abdominal bands white instead of pale ochreous. Also the basal

hair-band on second segment is lacking. Looked at from in

front they might well be considered as identical.

82 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

The recorded Japanese species of Colletes are separated thus :

Male: 10-11 mm. long; resembles C. collaris Dours (C. cariniger

Perez), having the sixth ventral segment strongly carinate;

hair lively red on vertex, thorax above and first two abdomi-

nal segments patellatus Perez

Females (the males unknown) 1

1. Abdomen very shining, pyriform; first segment with hind

margin ferruginous; wings yellowish perforatus Smith

— . Abdomen not thus shiny, densely punctured; malar space very

short 2

2. Aspect of fodiens (Kirby); abdomen with sculpture of first

segment somewhat coarse, on second fine, and the rest very

fine; hair of thorax above yellowish gray (Yokohama)

seitzi Alfken

— . Aspect of C. succinctus (L.), but really nearer C. abeillei Perez;

sculpture of abdomen extremely fine and dense, transverse,

a little stronger and sparser on first segment; tegulae pale;

a small species 10 mm. long. (Tsushima) vogti Perez

C. kohensis cannot be any of these females though nearest

to the smaller C. vogti, from which it differs in details of sculp-

ture and color. C. vogti has the borders of the abdominal seg-

ments pallid,, more broadly on the anterior ones. The pale

tegulae and other characters appear to negative the possibility

that we have the female of C. patellatus. The abdominal bands

are entirely different.

Andrenid^

No MIA FROGGATTi Cockerell

Male. Length about 11.5 mm.; similar to the female, but differing

thus: antennae long (entirely black); face covered with pale fulvous

hair; postscutellum with a pair of long slender spines (the sexual

differences here as in the Philippine N. guadrifasciata Ashm.) ; abdo-

men with five color bands; anterior basitarsi short and broad, heavily

clothed with long pale ochreous hair; hind trochanters with a strong

obtuse projection; hind femora enormous, exceedingly broad, ob-

tusely conical, about the middle with outstanding red hair; hind

tibiae very thick, trigonal, produced apically, clear red with a large

black blotch on basal half; hind tarsi clear red.

Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands (C. H. Froggatt). Presented

to the Academy by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. The species was

described in 1911 from two females collected by W. W. Frog-

gatt in the Solomon Islands, the precise locality not specified.

OCTOBER, 1926]

COCKERELL BEES

The male is new. It differs at once from N. pulchribalteata

Cam. by being larger, with bright reddish-orange abdominal

bands and the hind femora more swollen.

Anthophorid^

Centris atripes Mocsary

Two miles east of Oracle, Arizona, July 24, 1924 (E. P.

Van Duzee).

Anthophore dulcifera Cockerell, n. sp.

Female. Length about 15 mm.; robust, black, the head and thorax

above with very bright ferruginous hair, slightly mixed with fuscous;

abdomen with four emerald-green bands; face markings light cream

color, consisting of transverse supraclypeal marks, produced above,

an oblique band on each side bounding clypeus, lower margin of

clypeus and a dagger-shaped median band, labrum, except latero-

basal spots, and most of basal half of mandibles; flagellum very

short, very dark reddish beneath; cheeks with white hair, becoming

red above; underside of thorax with white hair; tegulse dull fer-

ruginous; wings brown; middle tibiae with white hair, reddish api-

cally on outer side, their basitarsi with black hair, but a tuft of

white posteriorly at base; hind tibiae with black hair in front, pure

white behind except a black stripe from base rapidly narrowing to

a point; hind basitarsi with entirely black hair, except that the apical

brush is very dark chocolate; abdomen with first ventral segment

broadly red apically.

Type, female. No. 2388, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson in 1910 at Keeling, China. Superficially this

looks like the Australian A. cingulata Fabr., the thoracic hair

having exactly the same tint though the hair of the legs differs

and the eyes are not green. It may possibly prove to be the

female of A. caldzvelli Ckll., from Foochow, China, but the

face markings are not as yellow and the thoracic hair is much

brighter. In Dover’s key (Entomologist, 1924), it runs only

to A. cingulata. It is, of course, one of the numerous forms

segregated from A. sonata (L.).

Anthophora urens Cockerell

Female. Ishigaki Island, Lu Chu Islands, 1910 (J. C. Thomp-

son). This was described from Formosa. The present speci-

men differs only by having the outer side of middle basitarsi

covered with red hair. The femora are very dark reddish.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

A. himalayensis Rad. is allied, but much larger and differing

in details of coloration.

Anthophora tsushimensis Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length about 13 mm.; robust, black, including antennae

(except scape broadly creamy white in front); legs obscurely red-

dish; face-marks cream-color, consisting of supraclypeal marks (very

broadly angulate above), region between clypeus and eyes, very

broad band across lower margin of clypeus, and median stripe (on

which clypeus is keeled), mandibles except apex and labrum except

the usual basal spots; third antennal joint rather short, not nearly

as long as next three together; malar space linear; labrum large;

eyes green; hair of head pale yellowish above mixed with black

(much black in front), cheeks with white hair; thorax above with

light fulvous hair obscurely mixed with brown, beneath with white,

tegulae clear ferruginous; wings stained with brown, especially along

the veins; legs with hair mostly pale, but entirely black on the broad

(but not toothed) hind basitarsi; spurs of hind legs very large, the

hind one exceptionally long and broad at base; middle tarsi long but

quite simple and without ornaments, their basitarsi with pale grayish

hair on outer side and black on inner; middle tibiae with white hair

on outer side but anteriorly with a tuft of red; hind tibiae with hair

anteriorly white, posteriorly dark brown; abdomen dull, the punc-

tures excessively minute and weak, first two segments posteriorly

obscurely reddish; sides of second segment and third more narrowly

with appressed pale hair; segments 2 to 6 with white hair bands;

apex with black hair and presenting two widely separated teeth.

Type, male, No. 2389, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson, October 5, 1910, on Tsu Shima Islands,

Japan. Resembles A. confusa Smith, from India, but there is

no band on fifth abdominal segment and the abdominal bands

are less distinct. The first abdominal segment shows signs of

a narrow band laterally, and it was probably more complete

when the insect was fresh. There is a superficial resemblance

to A. agama Rod. which I have from Athens (Morice). This

and other specimens reported in this paper had by error been

labeled “Tsu Shima, Lu Chu Is.,” but the Tsu Shima Islands

are in the strait between Korea and Japan and are entirely

separated from the Lu Chu or Riu Kiu chain.

Anthophora (Micranthophora) curta Prov. melanops

Cockerell, n. var.

Male. Like A. curta, but eyes entirely very dark reddish brown

instead of green. This is certainly not due to cyanide, the light

OCTOBER, 1926 ]

COCKERELL BEES

yellow markings of clypeus, labrum and mandibles remaining quite

normal.

Type, male. No. 2390, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci,, collected by

E. P. Van Duzee, July 24, 1924, two miles east of Oracle,

Arizona.

Melissodes metenua Ckll. ablusa Cockerell, n. race

Female. Flagellum very bright ferruginous beneath except at base;

hair of thorax variable, sometimes entirely black on mesothorax

anteriorly; light hair band on fourth abdominal segment evanescent

or feebly developed; hind basitarsi as well as tibiae with creamy-

white hairs.

Type, female. No. 2391, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

E. C. Van Dyke, September 1, 1912, at Milbrae, California.

Paratypes seven females, same data. A very striking little

insect, but certainly only a slightly modified race of M. metenua

from Oregon. In build and general appearance there is a

resemblance to Exomalopsis, but the mouth parts are typical

for Melissodes, with long paraglossae and four-jointed maxil-

lary palpi (the first joint large and very short, the next two

long and equal, the last very small and slender, less than half

the length of third). The bees have collected light orange pollen

apparently from a species of compositae.-

Megachilid^

Megachile doederleinii Friese

Female. Tsu Shima, October 5, 1910 (J. C. Thompson).

Megachile bicolor kagiana (Cockerell)

Male. Keelung, China, 1910 (J. C. Thompson). I described

kagiana from males collected in Formosa and later called the

female M. bicolor taiwana, not recognizing that it was the same

species. Hedicke has recently (1925) referred both to M. bicolor

(Fabr.), but true Indian M. bicolor (the male of which is

M. fletcheri (Ckll.) has much black hair on the mesopleura in

both sexes, and is certainly subspecifically distinct. The Chinese

male before me has the hair of face, thoracic dorsum and

pleurae all very bright red; it is more brightly colored than the

original M. kagiana, but agrees structurally and cannot be

separated.

In the same excellent paper Hedicke treats the Formosan

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

M. takaoensis Ckll. as a synonym of M. fervida Sm. from

Hongkong. However, in 1920 I showed that Smith’s name was

preoccupied, and proposed to substitute M. perfervida Ckll. I

have seen Smith’s type, and had the impression that it was dis-

tinct from M. takaoensis, but in view of Hedicke’s researches

I now think they must be considered the same, at least until new

light can be thrown upon the subject. On this basis M.

takaoensis will remain the valid name.

Megachile humilis Smith

Female. Tsu Shima, October 5, 1910 (J. C. Thompson).

Described from Shanghai.

Megachile remotissima Cockerell, n. sp.

Female, Length about 16.5 mm., width of abdomen about 6.5 mm.;

black, very robust, mandibles, antennae and tarsi black, tegulae clear

ferruginous; wings dilute brownish throughout; stigma dark red,

nervures dark fuscous; head about as wide as thorax, facial quad-

rangle longer than broad; mandibles quadridentate, with a broad, cut-

ting edge; clypeus excessively densely, quite strongly punctured,

with a straight shining lower edge and a smooth median line; supra-

clypeal area punctured but shining, especially the lower part, in

abrupt contrast with the clypeus; clypeus with thin dusky reddish

hair, sides of face with dense creamy-white hair, front and occiput

with fulvous; mesothorax excessively densely punctured, dull an-

teriorly, shining between the punctures posteriorly; scutellum con-

vex, closely punctured; thorax above with fulvous hair, not mixed

with black; on sides and beneath it is pallid, approaching white; legs

with mainly pale ochreous hair, bright orange-ferruginous on inner

side of tarsi; spurs pale reddish; hind basitarsi very broad and flat;

abdomen short and broad, the base with pale ochreous hair, the rest

with short black hair and creamy-white hair bands, only those on

third, fourth, and fifth segments well developed, on third weak in

middle; apical segment slightly concave in profile, with suberect

black hair; ventral scopa creamy- white becoming fulvous distally,

black on last two segments. The abdomen is wholly without metallic

tints.

Type, female, No. 2392, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson May, 1910, on Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama

Group, Lu Chu Islands. Closely related to M: remota Smith

from Shanghai, but differs by the absence of violet and green

color on the abdomen, and the distinctly greater size, yet it

may perhaps be only a race or subspecies of M. remota. Strand

OCTOBER, 1926]

COCKERELL BEES

described a M. remota var. kagoshimce from Kagoshima in

southern Japan; I cannot very clearly make out that it is dis-

tinct from M. remota, and it is not the present form. Ishigaki

is at the southern end of the Lu Chu chain, east of Formosa.

Hoplitina HESPERIA Crawford

Crawford described this (1916) from a female 6.5 mm. long,

collected at Redlands, California. A male from Silver Canon,

White Mountains, Inyo County, California, May 11, 1926

(J. O. Martin), has the venation of H. hesperia and can only

be referred here. It is nearly 6 mm. long; eyes pea-green; face

densely covered with pure white hair; flagellum obscurely red-

dish beneath ; wings only slightly brownish ; recurrent nervures

about equally distant from ends of second cubital cell ; first three

abdominal segments clear red with a large black median patch ;

apex of abdomen red, broadly truncate, with a sharp tooth at

each corner.

Parevaspis basalis Ritsema

Kobe, Japan, December, 1911.

XYLOCOPIDiE

Xylocopa fallax Maidl. thompsoni Cockerell, n. race

Male. Length about 25 mm.; anterior wing, 21 mm. (26 mm. in

fallax)] antennae black; clypeus, except lower margin, semicircular

supraclypeal area, lateral face marks, extending up to level of anterior

edge of lateral ocelli and then truncate, and semilunar marks enclos-

ing middle ocellus, all cream-color; wings colored nearly as in X. fal-

lax tncgregori Ckll., but not brilliant; hair of thorax black with an

ochreous band along posterior edge of scutellum, a little on front

of tegulae, and a large reddish ochreous patch on pleura; no light

hair on anterior edge of mesonotum; first abdominal segment with

ochreous hair at each side; abdomen black, without any metallic

color, the hind margins of segments concolorous; legs with black

hair; hind femora broad, with a tooth at base.

Type, male. No. 2393, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson, May, 1907, ten miles east of Olongopa,

Philippine Islands, 1200 feet altitude. Possibly not more than

an individual variation, but apparently a distinct race allied

to mcgregori, readily separated by the almost entirely pale

clypeus, large patch of light hair on pleurae and the darker hair

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

of mesonotum anteriorly. Along the anterior edge of meso-

notum the hair is pure black, but between this and the bare

space is a broad band of obscure reddish hair, which in general

view does not affect the prevailing dark appearance. I have

one specimen of mcgregori, collected at Manila, which has only

the broad lower margin of the clypeus black. It differs from

the Olongopa bee by the more densely and finely punctured

middle of the abdominal segments and the longer (23 mm.)

anterior wings, with the basal half beautifully green, though

with a purple streak. But another mcgregori, also from Manila,

has the lower half of the clypeus black and the abdomen punc-

tured as in thompsoni. The holotype (female) mcgregori

belongs with the more closely punctured male, if there is any

difference to be recognized in nomenclature. Maidl refers to

the denser abdominal punctuation as a good character to sep-

arate X. fallax from X. auripennis Lep., which occurs in Borneo

and elsewhere. The wings of auripennis are very much more

brilliantly colored than those of thompsoni.

Evidently the fallax group in the Philippine Islands is sub-

ject to a good deal of variation, no doubt partly racial and

partly individual. To properly elucidate it we should have many

specimens from different localities.

Nomadid^

Nomada koreana Cockerell, n. sp.

Female. Length about 7 mm.; anterior wing, 6.2 mm.; ferruginous

red with lemon-yellow markings on the abdomen, but not elsewhere;

head broad, facial quadrangle about square; eyes red; labrum and the

simple mandibles red; antennae clear red above and below, remark-

ably long, third joint long but conspicuously shorter than fourth and

about as long as fifth; a large black area on upper part of face and

extending to front, enclosing a red supraclypeal area; ocelli on a

black patch not united with frontal patch; posterior orbits broadly

red, but cheeks otherwise black; head and thorax with hardly any

hair (perhaps partly denuded) ; mesothorax dull dusky red, densely

punctured, with three black stripes; scutellum clear red, moderately

elevated, not distinctly bigibbous; tubercles bright red, but the region

in front of them black; a very broad black band from wings to base

of middle legs; a black band down middle of metathorax; area of

metathorax dull and granular; tegulas bright ferruginous, punctured:

wings brownish, stigma dull ferruginous, nervures fuscous; basal

nervure going some distance basad of nervulus; legs clear red, the

OCTOBER, 1926]

COCKERELL BEES

femora suffusely blackened at base; spurs yellowish white; anterior

coxae unarmed; abdomen broad, moderately shining; first segment

black at base and without yellow; second with a pair of very large

pyriform yellow marks, the points directed mesad; marginal region

of first three segments somewhat dusky; third segment with a pair

of small yellow spots at each side; fourth with a pair of rather

large transverse marks, the distance between them much less than

the length of one; fifth with a very large quadrate yellow patch, about

twice as broad as long; apical lunule or band of hair narrow; venter

with small yellow markings.

Type, female. No. 2394, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson, March 20, 1911, on Musan Pass, Northern

Korea. This is the first Nomada from Korea, but nine species

or races are known from Japan, eight from Formosa, one from

China, one from Mongolia, and eight from Siberia. The present

insect seems nearest to the Japanese N. ruficornis koehelei Ckll.,

var. a, and may not be specifically distinct, though var. a is

probably to be separated from koehelei. In Schmiedeknecht’s

table of European species N. koreana runs to N. jacohaece var.

hcematodes Schm., but that has the first segment marked with

yellow and the basal nervure meeting the nervulus. Ignoring the

lack of hair, it runs to N. braunsiana Schm., but is apparently

not closely allied. From eastern Siberia another member of this

alliance was described as N. amurensis Rad., but Friese states

that this is really N. ruficornis (L.). In the table of British

species by Perkins, our insect runs nearest to N. fiava Panzer,

being distinctly related to this rather than to ruficornis. Com-

pared with European N . ruficornis it has indeed a very different

appearance.

Melectid^

Epeolus tsushimensis Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Length about 9 mm.; anterior wing, 7 mm.; black without

any red markings, but the fourth dorsal tergite, when greatly

extended, shows a pale ferruginous base and the fourth sternite and

those beyond are reddish clay-color, with appressed yellowish hair,

the three curled ventral fringes being also of the same color; face

narrowing below, densely covered with silver-white hair; mandibles

darker red apically; labrum densely punctured, with a pair of very

minute apical denticles, close together; cheeks with thin white hair;

antennae entirely black; a shining space on each side of vertex, but

occipital region dull and rugose; mesothorax and scutellum dull, very

densely rugosopunctate; the scutellum very coarsely sculptured, ob-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

tusely bilobed, the axillae pointed; upper border of prothorax with

cream-colored hair, but no light hair on mesothorax; tubercles mar-

gined with white hair; white hair on postscutellum and large tufts

behind wings; pleurae entirely dull and rough; metathorax below the

enclosure polished and shining; tegulae black with the posterior

margin dark red; wings dusky, especially apically; nervures and

stigma black; basal nervure going very far basad of the nervulus;

first recurrent joining second cubital cell before middle; legs with

short white hair, a stripe of reddish golden on middle tibiae; tarsi

reddish apically; first two abdominal segments shining and well

punctured; following segments duller and more closely punctured;

first three segments with felt-like white (slightly creamy) hair bands,

broad at sides and narrowing to a point mesad, where the first is

very broadly interrupted, the others successively less so; no sign

of an anterior band or process of the hairy area; fourth segment

basally densely tomentose at sides, and fourth, fifth, and sixth with

entire apical white bands; apical plate large, black, broadly rounded.

Type, male. No. 2395, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

J. C. Thompson, October 5, 1910, on Tsu Shima Islands,

between Korea and Japan. A very distinct species known by

the simple interrupted bands on the basal abdominal segments.

E. ventralis Meade-Waldo from near Tientsin, China (F. M.

Thompson) is larger with the interrupted band on first tergite

bilobed, and markings on mesonotum. The genus seems to be

poorly represented in eastern Asia with one species in China,

and thence the nearest localities are Assam (1), India (2),

Tibet (1), Siberia (2, one of these also at Quetta), and

Turkestan (2).

Crocisa japonica Friese

Tsushima, October 5, 1910 (J. C. Thompson). Meyer cites

it from the same locality, but also from Sikkhim in the Berlin

Museum. The last locality is, I believe, wholly incorrect. I

have seen various bees from the Berlin Museum labeled “Sik-

khim” which certainly never came from that region. They came

in every case, I believe, from the Bingham collection.

Crocisa gemmata Cockerell

Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, four, December, 1920 (J. A.

Kusche), one collected by C. H. Froggatt and donated by

Dr, E. C. Van Dyke. Previously known from the Solomon

Islands, the precise island not specified.

OCTOBER, 1926]

BORDEN APPLE PESTS

SOME COMPARATIVELY NEW APPLE INSECT

PESTS IN CALIFORNIA

BY ARTHUR D, BORDEN

University of California, Berkeley, California

The apple insect investigations being conducted by the Uni-

versity of California have brought forth some new entomo-

logical problems which are of great economic importance to

the apple growers of this state. It has been some years since

any research work has been conducted in the Sebastopol and

Watsonville districts, and new problems have arisen. The

growers were at a loss to explain why their recommended

spraying practices were not controlling what they thought to

be codling moth in the Sebastopol district and skinworm in

the Watsonville district.

In Santa Cruz County the insect-bitten or defective fruit

ranges from 30 to 60 per cent of the total crop in many

orchards. This defect is largely due to tussock moth, skinworm,

and leaf-roller injury. In some sections the tussock moth

(Hemerocampa vetusta Boisduval) has developed a prolonged

hatching period from February to August. There are two leaf-

rollers active which cause better than 50 per cent of the defect,

the common leaf-roller, Archips argyrosypila Walker, and a new

Tortricid, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfoot, which is by far the

most injurious and has two broods. It is the larvas of this

second generation which injures so many apples just previous

to harvest time. The skinworm, Argyrotcenia franciscana Wals.,

did not appear this year until late July, and has not occasioned

the usual heavy loss, though it may show up some in storage

within the next few months. Three widely separated infesta-

tions of the eye-spotted budmoth, Tmetocera ocellana (Scheff.),

have been noted and it has proved a serious pest in these

orchards. This is the first record of its occurrence in Cali-

fornia so far as known. From these observations it is apparent

that the control practices will have to be changed to apply to

the insects in their order of importance.

In the Sebastopol district the damage to the crop was found

not to be so much that of codling moth as of skinworm. This

is the first record of its occurrence in this district, though it

was found to be already widely distributed. It was first noted

on Gravenstein apples in June and July where, in some orchards.

92 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

over 25 per cent of the entire crop was injured. Later it

appeared on Jonathans, Bellefleurs, Spitzenberg, and Newtown

Pippin. In one orchard the damage to the Spitzenberg crop

amounted to over 75 per cent of the entire production.

The usual codling moth spray program does not effect control

of the skinworm.

Though Arc hips argyrosypila and P and e mis pyrusana also

occur in this district the degree of infestation is apparently

comparatively light.

Swarming Termites

Following the heavy rain of September 30, 1926, I observed

next morning a general swarming of the western termite,

Reticiditermes hesperus Banks, in many parts of Berkeley, Cali-

fornia. Quite a number of winged forms were to be seen fly-

ing about, though the great majority had cast their wings and

were rapidly crawling about on the ground everywhere. One

of the most interesting things observed was the pairing of the

sexes. They were very numerous, a female closely followed by

a male. Often the male held to the posterior end of the female

by means of the mandibles, but in all cases the two moved

quickly forward or stopped in perfect unison. If the male was

driven away it appeared quite excited, while the female usually

stopped and held the abdomen in the air. The males seemed

to find the females only by chance, and when disturbed would

wildly tear around her, often remarkably close, without actually

succeeding in relocating her. This was noticed in a number of

cases. Rarely a form was observed with one ragged wing which

evidently could not be removed. No individuals were seen to

be in copulation : this, according to Dr. S. F. Light, had already

occurred, and the males were simply following the females in

search of a suitable place for founding a new colony. The

weather was warm and bright. Not a single individual was to

be found on the next day in Berkeley. Leslie M. Smith noted

large numbers of cast wings and a goodly number of dealated

sex forms about Mount Tamalpais on October 3, so that the

swarming must have occurred over a large area. At dusk on

the same day also a few specimens of the large termite, Ter-

mopsis angusticollis Hagen, were seen flying about at Berkeley.

— E. O. Essig.

OCTOBER, 1926]

FLANDERS WALNUT CODLING MOTH

VARIATIONS IN THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT

OF THE WALNUT CODLING MOTH AND

ITS HOST AS INFLUENCED BY

TEMPERATURE

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Saiicoy, California

In the walnut-growing district of Saticoy, California, the

seasons of 1925 and 1926 were in marked contrast to each

other. In 1925, a big crop year, the trees came out of the dor-

mant period uniformly and early in May were well foliated

throughout the whole area. The following season opposite con-

ditions prevailed. There was a small crop, and the foliage

appeared very irregularly and generally late. In orchards nearer

the coast many branches were bare of leaves until July.

The development of the codling moth during these two sea-

sons was not synchronous with that of its host. The first year

was characterized by the late appearance of the moths and an

early crop of nuts ; the next by the early appearance of the

moths and a late crop of nuts. A noticeable result was that the

“June drop” of immature and diseased nuts were more heavily

infested with larvae in 1926 than in 1925, a codling moth year.

Winter temperatures appear to be responsible for these varia-

tions. Apparently the minimum temperatures during the months

of December, January, February, March, and April regulate

the appearance of the foliage in the spring, and the accumu-

lated effective temperatures during the same period determine

the appearance of the overwintering brood of moths.

The temperature relations of the seasons of 1924-5 and

1925-6 are given in the following tables.

Mean Monthly Classified Hourly

Temperatures Temperatures

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Below 32 Below 35 Below 50

1924- 5 49.3 51.4 52.8 53.6 57.6 27hrs. 80hrs. 1447 hrs.

1925- 6 57.3 51.6 56.4 58.4 60.6 Ohrs. 5 hrs. 925 hrs.

If 50 degrees (F) is taken as the threshold of development

of the moth, then there were at least 522 more hours of effec-

tive temperatures in 1925-6 than in 1924-5. This would account

for the early appearance of the moths in 1926. The peak of

pupation of the overwintering brood in 1925 occurred on

May 17, whereas in 1926 it occurred on April 21, 624 hours

earlier.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 2

The early appearance of the moths in 1926 indicated a severe

infestation later in the season, owing to the possibility of two

full broods. The months of May, June, and July, however,

were cool, and development in the pupa and egg stages was

retarded. The pupal periods for most of the 1223 pupae in the

laboratory fluctuated between twenty- four and twenty-six days

in length. In 1925 the pupal periods of 364 pupae gradually

decreased from thirty-three days in April to seventeen days in

June. Owing to the low evening temperatures, as many eggs

were deposited before 4 p. m. as after. In 1925 most of the

eggs were deposited after 5 p. m.

Contrary to expectations, 20 per cent of the larvae leaving

the nuts during the first week in July constructed overwinter-

ing cocoons. During the last week in July 50 per cent of the

larvae constructed overwintering cocoons. A partial second

brood somewhat larger than in 1925 is expected.

A cold winter followed by a warm spring and summer creates

conditions most favorable for the increase of the moth, while

a mild winter followed by a cool spring and summer creates

conditions most unfavorable. The walnut tree is affected in the

same way, so that a large crop may show a heavy infesta-

tion and a small crop a light infestation, as occurred in 1925

and 1926.

A Generous Gift to the Academy

Mr. C. L. Fox has returned from a three months’ visit to

his old home in Devonshire, England. While there he collected

extensively for the entomological department of the California

Academy of Sciences and brought back nearly three thousand

insects from the British Islands. The orders Diptera and

Hymenoptera were best represented, but there were some very

interesting Coleoptera, Hemiptra and Lepidoptera, the latter

including a beautiful specimen of the death’s head hawkmoth,

a species before wanting in the Academy collection. With these

insects taken by him he brought a fine series of determined

British Hymenoptera kindly presented by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins

and some determined beetles presented by Mr. J. H. Keys.

These British insects are most welcome, as the Academy collec-

tion is still weak in European insects.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

Dr, Stanley B. Freeborn of the University of California

College of Agriculture at Davis, California, has arranged to

take over the duties of treasurer of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist beginning December 1, 1926, instead of January 1,

1927, as heretofore announced. His correct address will be at

Davis, California, and not at Berkeley, and will be found on

the inside of the front cover of this number. Subscribers and

correspondents will kindly note the change.

Prof. M. W. Blackman of the New York State College of

Forestry at Syracuse, is spending his sabbatical year at Stan-

ford University studying certain groups of the Scolytidse.

Two important entomological works have reached us recently

that will be of interest to our readers. Of more direct appeal

to western workers is the book on the Insects of Western North

America by Prof. E. O. Essig of the University of California.^

In this he has given us the first general guide to our western

insects, and in so doing he has filled a long-felt want and has

earned the gratitude of every entomologist and agriculturist

on the west coast. Professor Essig’s book is a comprehensive

treatise on western insects with keys to the families and higher

groups. Under each family is given the general characteristics

of the insects comprised within it, with an enumeration of all

or most of the best known species from the Pacific slope. Suffi-

cient descriptive notes on each species are given, so it can be

recognized with reasonable certainty. Both Latin and English

names are included and there are numerous illustrations to

assist in the recognition of the more important species. Life

history notes are included for a considerable proportion of the

species, with control measures for those that are injurious.

In addition to the insects the work treats quite fully of the

mites and ticks, and briefly mentions other groups of the

Arthropoda. Used in connection with Comstock’s Introduc-

tion or Kellogg’s American Insects, it will enable the beginner

1 Insects of Western North America: By E. O. Essig'. New York, The

Macmillan Company, 1926, 8vo., ix, 1035 pages. $10.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 2

to identify a large number of the insects he will find about his

home or on his week-end trips. The very complete biblio-

graphical references, appended as footnotes throughout the

work, will be appreciated by everyone using the book, but espe-

cially by the agriculturist who needs the fullest information

regarding his insect enemies.

This book, comprising over 1000 pages, is well printed on

good paper, and in mechanical perfection fully upholds the

Macmillan standard. It is really in a class by itself, as no other

work yet published even attempts to cover the same ground,

and it is absolutely indispensable to anyone wishing to become

acquainted with our western insects.

Of more interest to the general systematist is W. S. Blatch-

ley’s Heteroptera of the Eastern United States.^ Professor

Blatchley tells us that this is the last of his series of manuals

on the insects of Indiana and the eastern United States, and

as a faunal guide it fully sustains the high mark of usefulness

set by his Coleoptera of Indiana. It is a large octavo book of

about 1 100 pages, clearly printed and well illustrated, and places

the study of our eastern Heteroptera, to which suborder it is

confined, on a plane with that of the eastern Coleoptera, where

the instructor and general entomologist can determine most of

his captures. Of even more interest are the very full biological

data. These data not only include an extensive compilation from

the literature of these insects, but the author has added his

own collection notes, which serve to extend our knowledge of

many of the species. The nomenclature used seems to be well

up to date. The changes that will be required later will mostly

represent the growth of our knowledge of this order of insects.

There is little conflict between this work and Doctor Britton’s

Hemiptera of Connecticut, the only previous work that covers

this ground at all. The two should be used together, as they

supplement one another. This manual of the eastern Heter-

optera represents a vast amount of patient study and research,

through a large and scattered literature, and we must feel

grateful to Professor Blatchley for having done it for us and

for having done it so well.

2 Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America: By W. S.

Blatchley. Indianapolis, Indiana, The Nature Publishing Company, 1926,

8vo., 1116 pages. $10.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts, Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue, No. 41.

For Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. ,E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

BY W. G. WRIGHT

The California Academy of Sciences still has on hand a few

copies of the second edition of this book, published in 1906, which

it is offering for sale at $10 per copy, in cloth binding. The thirty-

two plates, in royal 8vo, are beautifully printed in three colors

and accurately represent nearly every known species of western

butterfly, usually showing upper and lower surfaces and both sexes

where they differ. The Academy is also selling the plates of this

work alone in cloth liinding for $3.50. The money secured from

the sale of these books is used only for the purchase of books on

Lepidoptera for the Academy library.

Address.- CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California

Vol. Ill

January, 1927

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DYKE, A NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIZOA 97

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN CERAMBY-

ciD^ 99

BARNES-BENJAMIN, GENERIC NOTES, CUCULLIIN^ 110

WRIGHT, A NEW GEOMETER FROM SAN DIEGO COUNTY 113

KNAUS, A WASHINGTON RECORD FOR CICINDELA WESTBOURNEI .... 114

CRAMPTON, ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF THE GRYLLOBLATTID^ . . . . 115

KEIFER, CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA 136

VAN DUZEE, E. P., NOTES ON WESTERN ARADID^ 139

ALEXANDER, UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF TIPULID^ FROM UTAH .... 143

ESSIG, THE WHITE-LINED SPHINX 145

VAN DUZEE, M. C., FOUR NEW DOLICHOPIDS 146

FOX, NOTES ON A TRIP TO ENGLAND 149

EDITORIAL 152

San Francisco, California

1927

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San EYancisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomolo ist

Vol. Ill, No. 3

January, 1927

A NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIZOA (COLEOPTERA)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley

During the summer of 1925, while the guest of Mr. Merton

C. Lane. of Toppenish, Washington, I was shown a peculiar

Amphisoa which had been received from Idaho. It had the disk

of the elytra quite flattened and presented other features which

seemed to place it apart from our other species. Inasmuch as

it was a unique and there were possibilities that it might be

an abnormal specimen, it was felt that it should not be described.

Recently, however, I have received a series of specimens from

Mr. F. S. Carr of Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, which are

similar to the one previously noted and constant enough as to

character to prove that we have a new species. This I was

requested to describe.

Key for the Separation of the American Species of

Amphizoa Lec.

Elytra evenly convex.

Color black, prothorax broadest at middle, elytra very irregu-

larly and coarsely rugose especially at sides, average length

12 mm. Alaska, British Columbia, through Cascades and

High Sierra Nevada Mountains to Mount San Bernardino,

California insolens Lec.

Color somewhat brownish, prothorax broadest at base, elytra

finely rugose, almost smooth, average length 15 mm. British

Columbia, northern Cascades and Yellowstone Park

lecontei Matth.

Elytra flattened on disk, color dirty brown to black, prothorax

broadest at base, elytra somewhat smooth at middle, rugose

at sides, average length 12-13 mm. Mountains of Idaho

and western Alberta

planata sp. nov.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

Amphizoa planata Van Dyke, new species

Similar in size to insolens, dirty brown to black in color, disk of

elytra flat, the sides declivous. Head with front shallowly, longitudi-

nally bisulcate, occiput finely, sparsely punctate, eyes not prominent,

flatter than in insolens] antennae extending to near hind angles of

prothorax, third segment distinctly more than twice as long as broad

and much narrowed basally, outer segments all at least one and a

half times as long as broad. Prothorax twice as broad as long, much

narrowed in front, apex deeply emarginate, anterior angles acutely

produced, more acute than in either insolens or lecontei, base truncate,

sides slightly sinuate in front of hind angles, rounded at middle and

almost straight and convergent to front angles, the lateral margin

irregularly crenulate, the disk somewhat flattened, broadly longitudi-

nally impressed at middle, depressed laterally and rather finely,

sparsely punctate at center and granulate rugose laterally. Elytra

broadly rounded at humeri, almost parallel at middle and gradually

arcuately narrowed to apex, the disk from suture to fifth interval

slightly elevated and decidedly flat, externally shallowly sulcate to

margin, the sutures observable though poorly impressed and indis-

tinctly punctate, the fifth interval prominent in front, the median

intervals flattened anteriorly, the lateral slightly convex and granu-

late, especially posteriorly, the general surface dull and opaque.

Length, 13 mm.; breadth, 7 mm.

Holotype (No. 2453, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and three para-

types in my collection and three paratypes in the collection of

Mr. F. S. Carr of Medicin Hat, Alberta, Canada. These were

all collected by Mr. Carr, four including the type from Beaver

Creek, Alberta, May 22, 1916; two at Lunbreck, Alberta,

August 8, 1925 ; and one at Michel Lake, British Columbia,

August 10, 1926.

This species is in general of the same size as Amphizoa inso-

lens Lee., but differs in many regards : color, sculpturing, length

of antennae (much shorter in insolens), shape of prothorax and

transverse outline of elytra. It strongly suggests Amphizoa

lecontei Matth. and was at first considered to be but a subspe-

cies of that, for the general color and the shape of the pro-

thorax are alike, but it differs by being smaller, by having

slightly longer antennae, by being duller in appearance and more

rugose, with the elytral intervals more evidently elevated pos-

teriorly and the disk of the elytra flat.

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCID^

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF WEST

AMERICAN CERAMBYCID^

(COLEOPTERA)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Oeme hirsuta Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, slightly flattened, rufo-castaneous and clothed with a

moderately dense fine pile, the elytra with a series of scattered, more

erect and longer setae in addition, the under surface of the antennal

segments 3-6 fringed with long flying hair, and the legs decidedly

hairy. Head moderately coarsely closely punctured and pilose,

broadly longitudinally sulcate between the antennae and evidently

flattened behind and between the eyes; eyes large, coarsely granulate

and deeply emarginate as usual; antennae long, reaching four seg-

ments beyond apex of elytra in male, first segments very stout and

long, reaching beyond anterior third of prothorax and fully two-thirds

length of third, segments 3-5 inclusive with small acute tubercles

beneath. Prothorax a little wider than long, apex distinctly arcuate,

base slightly emarginate, sides divergent from apex and at basal

fourth suddenly tubularly constricted, angles in front of the constric-

tion broadly rounded, constriction deepened by a transverse sulcus,

disk rather coarsely, closely and irregularly punctured, with a median

smooth longitudinal line, barely impressed. Elytra near base barely

wider than thorax and four times as long, surface finely closely punc-

tured, with series of larger shallow punctures irregularly dispersed

and three feebly elevated lines on each. Body beneath finely, more

sparsely punctured and shining. Length, 14.5 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Males, in addition to the longer and more robust antennas and

broader prothorax, have the last ventral segment somewhat truncate

and notched at apex.

Females with antennas barely reaching beyond apex of elytra, basal

segments less robust, acute spines on segments 3-5 hardly evident;

prothorax much smaller and less broad and as a result not so sud-

denly constricted behind; the last ventral segment elongate and

arcuated at apex.

Holotype, male, No. 2439, and allotype, female (No. 2440,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in the Van Dyke collection, and several

designated paratypes from a series of seventeen specimens taken

at light on Mount Washington, near Nogales, Arizona, alti-

tude 6000 feet, on various dates from July 11-20, 1919, by

Mr. J. Aug. Kusche. A specimen from the Huachuca Moun-

tains, Arizona, is also in my collection.

This species superficially very closely resembles Oeme rigida

100 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 3

(Say), but it differs by being more definitely pilose, with a

more evident double type of elytral punctuation and pubescence;

the head and prothorax more coarsely punctured, the former

more flattened between the eyes in the occipital area, the basal

antennal segment more robust and longer, in rigida barely

longer than one-half of third segment, and the disk of the pro-

notum with a very distinct smooth longitudinal line which is

hardly impressed, whereas in rigida there is no distinct smooth

area but a well-marked longitudinal impression. 0. gracilis Lee.

is more piceous, far less pilose, with more evenly rounded pro-

thorax, less suddenly constricted behind, coarse and very con-

spicuous pronotal punctuation and much sparser elytral punc-

tuation. From our other species, it is readily separated by the

characters given by Doctor Horn ^ in his review of the species.

Styloxus ruficeps Van Dyke, new species

Delicately formed and elongate, subcylindrical; pitchy black, legs

lighter, entire head except the eyes rufous. Head broader across the

front than long, front prominent, with a narrow longitudinal line

slightly impressed forward, more deeply between the antennae,

antennal tubercles prominent and widely divergent, almost hori-

zontal; eyes very large, coarsely faceted, approximate above, deeply

sinuate in front, and separated beneath by narrow gular area, one-

fourth the breadth of head; antennae very long and attenuated, about

twice as long as from front of head to apex of elytra, first segment

with an obtuse spine above, second very short, following very long

and cylindrical, the basal joints with a few long hairs beneath. Pro-

thorax almost twice as long as broad, with small tubercles at sides

behind the middle, rugosely punctate above, with series of callosities

in the form of a circle on the posterior area. Elytra about a fourth

broader than prothorax and as broad as head, almost four times as

long as prothorax yet not covering the last three abdominal segments

nor the apices of the wings, with straight sides, slightly convergent

posteriorly, each elytron individually rounded, the disk rather coarsely

irregularly punctured, with an indistinct carina at middle of each

elytron, and rather finely sparsely pilose. ' Legs long and delicate,

femora slightly clavate, first tarsal segment of hind pair equal to the

two following combined. Beneath rather finely sparsely punctured

and pilose and shining. Length 9.5 mm. to apex of elytra, abdomen

2.5 mm. longer, breadth 1.75 mm.

Holotype, male, in the Van Dyke collection (No. 2‘441, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.), taken on Mount Washington, near Nogales,

1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. VIII (April, 1880), p. 133.

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCIDAi

101

Arizona, altitude 600 feet, July 20, 1919, by Mr. J. Aug.

Kusche, and kindly presented to me.

From Styloxus lucanus Lee. from Lower California, the type

of the genus and the only other species described, this species

appears to be quite distinct, not only in color but because

of the greater length of prothorax and practically contiguous

eyes above. The genus Idoemea Horn is much more closely

related to Styloxus Lee. than is generally supposed, the longer

head and longer elytra of the former being the only really evi-

dent characters which separate it, a fact which I think would

warrant the two being united. Malthophia oculata Casey, I am

convinced is nothing but a small specimen of Idoemea cali-

fornica Fall. I have compared specimens from San Diego, Cali-

fornia, the type locality of the former, which agree exactly

with the description and with typical specimens of the latter,

including a specimen sent to me by Mr. Fall himself.

Centrodera pilosa Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, slender, subparallel, very densely pilose; rufo-piceous,

legs and basal portion of antennal segments rufo-castaneous. Head

rather finely closely punctured and clothed with rather long cinereous

pile, finely impressed longitudinally at middle; eyes prominent,

coarsely faceted and separated above by diameter less than one-third

of transverse diameter of head; antennae slender, reaching almost a

segment beyond apex of elytra, the outer two-thirds of segments

5-11 darker (black in paratype), fourth segment twice as long as

second, fifth as long as 2-4 combined. Prothorax almost a third

longer than broad, strongly constricted in front and almost as much

so behind, lateral tubercles obtusely angulated, disk rather finely

closely punctured, median longitudinal line smooth and nonimpressed,

a small tubercle on either side in front of middle, the surface clothed

as is the head with rather long cinereous pile. Elytra not quite twice

as wide at base as prothorax, almost three times as long as head and

prothorax combined, with sides almost straight and very slightly

convergent to hind angles which are rounded; disk finely, sparsel}^

and somewhat irregularly punctured, with vague sulci and clothed

with rather long somewhat depressed cinereous pile. Beneath clothed

as above. Hind tarsi with basal segment about three-fourths length

of following segments united. Length, 16 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Holotype (No. 2442, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a supposed

male, collected in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Los Angeles

County, California, June 2, 1922, by Mr. J. Aug. Kusche, and

now in my collection. A second specimen belonging to Dr. F. E.

Blaisdell which is quite similar in structure and appearance

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

though somewhat darker and with outer portions of the antennal

segments quite black, I have designated as a paratype. It was

taken in the Cuyamaca Mountains of San Diego County, Cali-

fornia, June 8-21, 1920.

This gray species, because of its extreme pilosity, contrasts

markedly with our other Pacific Coast species and should thus

be easily recognized.

Centrodera blaisdelli Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, slender and delicately formed; rufo-castaneous, head and

prothorax darker and more rufous, legs and antenn8e lighter, the

outer portion (less than one-half) of segments 5-10 black and the

terminal with black band near the apex; surface sparsely clothed with

short and fine closely appressed gray hair. Head small, closely, finely

and rugosely punctured, finely impressed longitudinally at middle;

eyes prominent, coarsely faceted and separated above by a distance

less than one-third of transverse diameter of head; antennse slender,

reaching just beyond apex of elytra, fourth segment three times as

long as second which is barely longer than broad, fifth barely as

long as three and four combined. Prothorax slightly longer than

broad, strongly constricted toward front and much less so behind;

lateral tubercles obtuse and rounded at apex; disk somewhat finely,

closely punctured and subopaque as a result, distinctly sulcate at

middle, the depression bounded laterally by elliptical tubercles, con-

vergent anteriorly; surface clothed with evident though sparse cinere-

ous pubescence. Elytra almost twice as wide at base as prothorax,

two and a half times as long as head and prothorax combined; sides

straight and convergent to rounded hind angles; the disk quite

coarsely, closely punctured basally and rapidly more finely punctured

toward apex, clothed with fine, short and sparse pubescence. Beneath

sparsely, finely pilose. Hind tarsi with basal segment equal to follow-

ing segments united. Length, 16 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Holotype (No. 2443, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique,

collected in the Cuyamaca Mountains of San Diego County,

California, June 8-21, 1920, and now in the collection of

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell.

This species can be readily separated from our other Pacific

Coast species by its rufo-castaneous color, its delicate form,

very short and sparse pubescence and sulcate prothorax.

Table for Separation of Pacific Coast Species

OF Centrodera

Elytra coarsely, closely punctured near base and finely sparsely

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCIDJI

103

pubescent, basal segments of hind tarsi equal to following

segments united.

Prothorax as broad as long, disk only sulcate toward front;

body robust, color chocolate brown. Northern California,

western Nevada ne^vadica Lee.

Prothorax longer than broad, disk distinctly sulcate throughout

median area; body narrow and delicate, rufo-castaneous.

Mountains of southern California blaisdelli spec. nov.

Elytra rather finely, sparsely punctured even at base, distinctly

pubescent, basal segment of hind tarsi not equal to following

segments united.

Surface but moderately finely and sparsely pilose, color reddish

brown. San Diego, California tenera Casey

Surface densely, rather coarsely pilose, color rufo-piceous.

Mountains of southern California pilosa spec. nov.

Colonel Casey’s oculata is an undoubted nevadica. His type

of tenera was probably a depauperized male. In Doctor Blais-

dell’s collection there is a large female, 18 mm. long, from the

type locality, San Diego, California. In this specimen the eyes

are much more widely separated than they are in the males.

Nevadica breeds in western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Don.,

and the probabilities are that the other species also breed in

pine or related coniferous trees.

Semanotus ^ ligneus thujae Van Dyke, new subspecies

This subspecies or variety resembles in size and general form the

variety ampla Casey. It differs otherwise, however, by having the

elytra more finely and closely punctured and by possessing a different

color pattern. Whereas ampla is quite constant as regards its mark-

ings, resembling in this respect the typical form of the eastern part

of the country, thujte is decidedly unstable. The body is black and

the elytra a bluish black ornamented with orange, the amount of the

orange varying from the forms with maximum coloration where there

are two transverse orange bars, the anterior somewhat back from

the base, the posterior slightly behind the middle and both connected

by narrow bands along the suture and lateral margins, to the forms

with minimum ornamentation where there is but a tiny yellow spot

on the disk back of the base and a slight yellowing along the anterior

epipleurae. In the more fully marked individuals, the antennse except

the basal segments and the tibiae and tarsi are also rufous while in

the darker phases, often only the tarsi are rufous. The most charac-

teristic feature of the variety is that the base of the elytra is always

black, whereas in all other varieties the base is an orange yellow.

In this latter peculiarity and, in fact, in its general color pattern and

2 For a discussion of the members of this genus see a former article

by me in Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII (1923), pp. 48-51.

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, III, NO. 3

great varialDility, it resembles a related species, Semanotus nicolas

White {litigiosus Casey), but it differs from this otherwise by being

much less hairy, by having the elytra in the main a bluish black color

instead of a coal black, and by having a different type of punctua-

tion. Its food plant is also one of the cupressine trees, the red cedar.

Thuja plicata Don., as is the case with all other phases of the species,

whereas nicolas breeds either in the true firs, Abies, or true spruces,

Picea.

Holotype, male, No. 2444, and allotype, female, No. 2445,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., the first a specimen with maximum

orange coloration, the second with minimum amount of orange,

and four paratypes, in my collection. There are also a number

of designated paratypes in the rest of the series of twelve speci-

mens, all of which were collected by Mr. G. A. Hardy in

Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Most of the specimens

were taken at Tod Inlet, from the pupal cells in red cedar, Thuja

plicata Don., on December 5, 1925. For the privilege of studying

these I am indebted to Mr, Hardy.

Callidium vancouverense Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, parallel-sided, flattened; body black, front of

head, basal antennal segment, prothorax, both above and beneath,

and elytra dark greenish blue, legs with a bluish cast; upper surface

somewhat shining. Head slightly more than one-half breadth of pro-

thorax, coarsely reticulately punctured, most pronounced behind the

eyes, median line finely impressed; antennae moderately robust, in

male extending to last quarter of elytra, second segment about twice

as long as broad and third almost four times as long as broad and

twice as long as second. Prothorax twice as broad as long, just per-

ceptibly narrower than elytra, sides broadly rounded, more evenly

in front and more obliquely behind, disk with sides finely, deeply,

closely and reticulately punctured, the median area with an amphora-

like depression which is more shining and more coarsebq shallowly

and sparsely punctured than the sides, the surface rather sparsely

clothed with short, suberect black hair. Elytra twice as long as

broad, parallel-sided, gradually obliquely rounded to apex, humeri

prominent, disk very coarsely, deeply, irregularly and cribrately punc-

tured, with a short black obliquely inclined seta arising from each

puncture. Abdomen beneath somewhat smooth and shining and finely

sparsely punctured and pubescent. Legs with femora markedly pube-

scent and suddenly clavate, those of the middle and hind pairs with

the basal shank cylindrical almost to the middle. Length, 13 mm.;

breadth, 5 mm.

Female with antennae shorter than in male, reaching barely beyond

middle of elytra; prothorax smaller and proportionally narrower;

femora less clavate and hind tibiae straighter.

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCID^

105

Holotype, male, No. 2446, and allotype, female. No. 2447,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and four paratypes, in my collection,

as well as numerous paratypes in the collection of Mr. G. A.

Hardy of Victoria, British Columbia, and Mr. W. H. A. Preece

of Sidney, British Columbia. These are from a series of thirty-

four specimens kindly submitted for study by the gentlemen

named. The majority of the specimens were reared by Mr.

Preece from boughs of Douglas fir, Pseiidotsuga taxifolia

Britt., collected at Sidney, British Columbia, during the months

of April and May, 1926. The series shows considerable varia-

tion as to both size and color, ranging in length from 9-15 mm.

and in color from greenish blue to blue and violet.

This species is of the same size and general form as Callidium

antennatum Newm., particularly of the western variety, hes~

perum Casey, and very closely resembles it, especially the bluer

specimens. It differs from it by being in general of a greener

cast, though many are as pronounced a blue ; by the much finer,

deeper and more distinctly punctured sides of the pronotum;

the coarser and deeper punctures and reticulation of the elytra;

and the more suddenly clavate femora. It also quite closely

resembles Callidium subopacum Swain, ^ especially the greener

forms, because of the coarse elytral sculpturing, but it differs

by having much more robust antenna, the sides of the prothorax

more deeply and finely punctured, and the femora, particularly

in the males, more suddenly and broadly clavate. From the

Californian Callidium pseudotsugce Fisher ^ which has the same

food tree, it differs by being more elongate, by not possessing

the black or bluish black color, by having slightly shorter

antennas, more deeply punctured sides of prothorax and coarser

and more irregular elytral reticulation. Callidium antennatum

var. hes perum Casey, like the typical eastern form, is in the

main restricted to pines, but rarely breeding in other coniferous

trees. Callidium subopacum Swain, no doubt, breeds in the

true spruces or possibly the true firs, whereas all of our other

large western bluish species breed in the juniper with the

exception of one which lives in the giant sequoia.

3 Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, Vol. Ill, Insects,

Part E. Coleoptera, J. M. Swain (December 12, 1919), p. 12E.

4 A New Genus and Several New Species of Cerambycidee (Coleoptera),

by W. S. Fisher. Proc. Entom. Soc. Wash., Vol. 22, No. 7 (October, 1920),

pp. 155-156.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. III^ NO. 3

Neoclytus basalis Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subcylindrical, moderately robust; rufous, pronotum

brownish, margined anteriorly and posteriorly with narrow bands of

yellow hair, elytra brown with three transverse bars of yellow pile

arranged as follows: a broad basal band occupying more than one-

fourth of basal area and extending transversely from margin to

margin, a postmedian band, broad at suture and rapidly narrowing

toward margins, and a subapical of moderate breadth extending

obliquely backward and outward from the suture on either side and,

like the postmedian, not quite reaching the lateral margin, underside

sparsely clothed with yellow pile, slightly more abundant at sides.

Head rather closely, finely punctate in front and behind, but coarsely

punctured just back of antennal tubercles, moderately sulcate between

the antennas; antennas reaching at least three segments behind base

of prothorax, with outer segments considerably enlarged, third seg-

ment hardly longer than fourth and segments three and four but

little more than three times as long as broad. Prothorax longer than

broad, broader at apex than base, greatest breadth anterior to middle;

sides rather evenly but not markedly arcuate; disk with longitudinal

ridge evident but not well defined; surface rather finely, closely punc-

tured, with series of asperities along summit and at sides, and three

evident transverse cristae, the anterior back of apex, the others post-

median. Elytra almost three times as long, and barely broader than

prothorax, about three times as long as broad; sides straight, slightly

convergent posteriorly; apices angulate but rounded at tips; disk

finely, closely punctate, rather sparsely clothed with brown pile on

brown areas and more densely with yellow pile on yellow areas.

Beneath somewhat shining. Length, 15 mm.; breadth, 3.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2448, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a specimen in

my collection from Spokane, Washington, collected July 30,

1907, by Davidson. I have also associated with this a smaller

specimen, 10 mm. in length, which is more uniformly rufous

but has the three characteristic elytral bars, the third differing

from the type in reaching the apices, the prothorax also with

a faint median transverse bar of yellow hair. This latter was

collected at Castle Crags, Shasta County, California, July 26,

1921, by Mr. C. L. Fox.

This species belongs in the group with balteatus and inter-

ruptus, but differs from both by the color pattern, the anterior

yellow bars of the elytra being well separated from the basal

margin in both of these and by having the third antennal seg-

ment not distinctly longer than the fourth. Its prothorax is

generally narrower, less cristate and with more rounded sides

than is the prothorax of balteatus, and its upper surface a dark

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCID^

107

brown contrasting with the rest of the body, whereas the color

of the latter is more uniform. In interruptus the prothorax is

broader than long and the ground color black, both above and

below.

Neoclytus angelicus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subcylindrical; velvety black, legs and antennse rufo-

piceous, the terminal segments of the latter darker; pronotum with

a narrower band of white hair bordering anterior and posterior mar-

gins and a complete transverse band of white hairs across the middle;

scutellum white; elytra with three transverse white bands, the first

one-fourth distant from base; the second submedian and the third

toward the apex, the last slightly oblique, barely touching suture

and not reaching the lateral margins; underside with patches of

white hair along the posterior pronotal margin, on the meso- and

meta-epimeron and lateral posterior margins of ventral segments.

Head moderately finely, closely punctured, more coarsely just behind

antennse, giving the surface a granulate appearance, depressed

between antennal tubercles; antennse extending a few segments

beyond posterior margin of prothorax, segments 5-11 considerably

enlarged, third slightly longer than fourth and almost four times as

long as broad. Prothorax as broad as long, base and apex of about

equal breadth, sides narrowed in front and back, slightly irregularly

arcuate at middle; disk with median and lateral longitudinal ridges

well marked, with small transverse rugse on their summits; surface

finely, closely punctured. Elytra barely broader than prothorax and

about two and one-half times as long; sides straight, apices subangu-

late, disk finely, closely punctured. Beneath rather finely, closely

punctured and somewhat shining. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm,

Holotype (No. 2449, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a specimen in

my collection, picked up on the beach at Santa Monica, Cali-

fornia, during the summer of 1891, A second specimen caught

at the same time was submitted to Dr. George Horn and is

now in his collection at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.

This very attractive species also belongs in the group with

interruptus and halteatus, but can always be readily separated

by the distinct white bands. From other western black and

white species, it can be distinguished by the transverse nature

of the bands and shorter and more markedly clubbed antennse.

Neoclytus vanduzeei Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subcylindrical; reddish brown; sides and base of pro-

thorax and base and apex of elytra definitely sprinkled with yellow

hair; scutellum completely clothed with yellow pile; three elytral

bands formed of the same pile, the subbasal slightly behind basal

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

fourth, almost transverse, narrowed outwardly, and triangularly

enlarged at suture, the second at middle, very oblique, broader and

acutely angulate near suture, its sutural limb reaching backward to

the suture, and the third near apex, oblique, broad and somewhat

triangularly enlarged at suture, beneath with yellow patches on

meso- and meta-epimeron and posterior margins of first and second

abdominal segments. Head rather coarsely punctured and granulate;

anteniiffi almost reaching middle of elytra, with segments 5-11 form-

ing a narrow club. Prothorax longer than broad, slightly broader

than elytra, narrowed at base and apex; sides scarcely arcuate; disk

slightly longitudinally cristate at middle, with few transverse tuber-

cles along crest and at sides, especially anteriorly and posteriorly.

Elytra about two and one-half times as long as prothorax, with

straight sides gradually narrowing; apices obliquely truncate within,

the angles subacute. Apex of posterior femora acutely toothed; the

posterior tibi^ long, curved, slightly dilated outwardly and grooved

on inner and outer side. Length, 11 mm,; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2450, Mlls. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

secured by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee at Nogales, Arizona, April 3,

1921.

This elegant species belongs in the group with approximaHis,

ahhreviatus, peninsularis, and tenuiscriptus, from all of which

it differs by having the subbasal and subapical yellow elytral

bars triangularly dilated at the suture. In Neoclytus approxi-

matus Lee. the anterior band is narrow and transverse ; in Neo-

clytus abhreviatus S cliff r. it runs obliquely upward and is

broken; in Neoclytus peninsularis Schffr. the subbasal band is

much as in ahhreviatus, but the middle is not hooked ; while in

Neoclytus tenuiscriptus Fall the anterior band is quite oblique,

the middle less oblique than in vanduseei and the antennae

shorter and more suddenly clubbed.

Neoclytus modestus zebratus Van Dyke, new subspecies

As shown by Mr. Alonzo Davis, ^ Neoclytus modestus Fall

and Neoclytus earns Fall are sexes of the same species, the first,

the male, having priority. It seems to be confined to the moun-

tains of southern California. In the mountains of northern

California and southern Oregon the typical species is replaced

by a phase where the males differ only by having no white

patches on the meso-epimera and but a slight amount on the

meta-epimera, and the females by having the ornamental bands

of white pile, not yellow, the three fasciae, especially the anterior.

5 Pan-Pacific Bntom., Vol. I, No. 4 (April, 1925), p. 169.

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DYKE CERAMBYCID^

109

somewhat narrower, and the meso-epimeron without a tuft of

hair as in the males. This, I have named as a new subspecies.

Holotype, female, No. 2451, and allotype, male, No. 2452,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and four paratypes, three males and one

female, in the Van Dyke collection. These were beaten by me

from a species of scrubby live oak, near Meadow Valley,

Plumas County, California, June 10, 1924. I have also exam-

ined four other males in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, taken at the following localities: Santa

Clara County, California, July 22, 1914; Castle Crags, Shasta

County, California, July 9, 1921 ; Cayton, Shasta County, Cali-

fornia, July 9, 1913; and Colestin, Jackson County, Oregon,

August 1, 1918. A phase from Keen Camp, Riverside County,

California, collected by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, June 6-12, 1917,

should also be placed here though it differs slightly. It is a

female which has the anterior band more transverse and broken

and the posterior band more crescentic than is the case with

the northern phases but with the markings white and otherwise

the same.

This subspecies might at first sight be confused with some

of the numerous phases of Neoclytus muricafulus (Kirby), a

spruce and fir-feeding species. It has, however, the scutellum

clothed with white hair, not naked and black as in muricatulus,

and the inner oblique truncature of the elytral apices somewhat

emarginate and spiniform at the margins. Neoclytus infans

Casey is but a local form of muricatulus.

Neoclytus magnus Schffr. In the collection of Dr. F. E.

Blaisdell are two specimens of this splendid species caught on

the outskirts of San Diego, California, by the doctor’s mother.

Swarming Termites

A CORRECTION

In an article with the above heading appearing in The

Pan-Pacific Entomologist, III :92, 1926, the following state-

ment was made: “No individuals were seen to be in copulation:

this, according to Dr. S. F. Light, had already occurred, and

the males were simply following the females in search of a

suitable place for founding a new colony.” This was an error

in quoting Doctor Light : pairing had already occurred, but

copulation does not take place until a suitable place to establish

a colony is found. February 23, 1927. — E. O. Essig.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. III^ NO. 3

GENERIC NOTES (LEPIDOPTERA, PHAL^NID.E,

CUCULLIIN^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

PSEUDANTHCECIA Sm.

Type Lygranthoecia tumida Grt,

1883, Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X, 213, tumida sole species and

therefore type.

1893, Smith, Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 286.

1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 111, type designated

tumida.

1903, Dyar, List, 191.

1903, Holland, Moth Book, 228.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 114, type designated

tumida.

1925, Draudt, in Seitz, Macrolep., VII, 178.

This is a peculiar Heliothid-like genus with a strong clypeal

plate. Hampson’s key states that the fore tibia is armed with

a claw, but he does not mention this claw in his generic diag-

nosis, We are unable to find a claw in any of the specimens

in a series of fourteen individuals.

The Mexican Pseudanarfa heterochroa Dyar is a species

closely allied to tumida, and probably falls into Pseudanthcscia.

The eyes of the Mexican species are slightly wider than those

of the North American species, but as all other characters agree,

we do not erect a new genus for heterochroa, although it may

deserve one.

Under the generic name Bryomima Stand,, Hampson, 1906,

Cat. Lep, Phal. B. M., VI, 386 et seq., and Draudt, in Seitz,

1926, Macrolep., VII, 202, have included a number of species

from North America, many of which are not congeneric with

one another and none of which seem congeneric with the Meso-

potamian Bryomima carducha Stand.

Of these pulverulenta Sm., originally described as a Perigea,

structurally appears to be the same as many of the species placed

in Pseudanarta. Unfortunately, although the hind wings have

a somewhat yellowish cast, they are not bright yellow as in

other Pseudanarta species. Nevertheless, unspread specimens

of pulverulenta present to a surprising degree the same habitus

JANUARY, 1927] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC NOTES

111

as unspread Pseudanarta species. We suggest placement of

pidverulenta in Pseudanarta.

''Bryomima” fallax Hamp. {falsa Grt., partim.), form

uintara Sm,, and distans B. and McD. form a group with the

frons strongly rounded out, and with a habitus like certain spe-

cies placed by various authors in ‘"Namangana.” Bryomima

muscosa Hamp. presumably also belongs to this group, judg-

ing from Hampson’s figure. It is unknown to us. We would

think it likely the ordinary female of fallax were it not for the

fact that Hampson lists a female under fallax. We have already

discussed the synonymy of fallax versus falsa, 1926, Pan.-Pac.

Ent, II, 108.

For the fallax group we erect the genus

Pseudobryomima gen. nov.

Type Bryomima distans B. and McD.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned to above middle

of frons, the second joint fringed with hair in front, the third short;

frons strongly rounded out and slightly roughened; eyes large,

rounded, ciliated; antennae of male beaded and ciliated; thorax

roughly clothed with serrated spatulate scales mixed with some hair,

prothorax with a spreading crest, metathorax with a large spreading

crest; tibiae fringed with hair; abdomen with dorsal crest at base

only. Fore wing with the termen obliquely curved, veins 3, 5 from

near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle, 9 from 10 anastomosing with

8 to form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from

angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from somewhat below middle of disco-

cellulars; 6, 7 short stalked from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with

cell near base only.

Hampson and Draudt also place in Bryomima ‘'Hadena''

chryselectra Grt., “subspecies of Hampson having been

given the name orizahce by Strand. Professor Draudt kindly

supplied us with a pair of the Mexican orizaboe, which appears

to be congeneric with chryselectra, but seems to represent a

distinct species. We have not seen it from the United States.

For the chryselectra group we erect the genus

Hemibryomima gen. nov.

Type Hadena chryselectra Grt.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned to above middle

of frons, the second joint fringed with hair, the third short; frons

smooth; eyes large, rounded, ciliated; antennae of male serrate and

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. III^ NO. 3

fasciculate; thorax clothed with scales mixed with hair and hair-like

scales, the prothorax with a slight spreading crest, the metathorax

with a large spreading crest; tibise fringed with hair on outer side;

abdomen with a rough vestiture of scales mixed with hair, a small

dorsal crest at base only. Fore wing with the termen obliquely

curved; veins 3, 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9 from

10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing

with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from somewhat

below middle of discocellulars; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing

with cell near base only.

'‘Perigea’' loculosa Grt. is a species which has been referred

to Perigea, by Grote, Smith, and Dyar ; to H omohadena, by

Hampson, Barnes and McDunnough, Barnes and Benjamin,

and Draudt; and to Bryomima by Dyar. We have published

upon the specific synonymy, 1925, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,

XXVII, 126. The species possesses thoracic and abdominal

tuftings similar to Bryomima Auct. iiec. Staudinger; but the

vestiture consists of few broad scales, being mainly hair and

narrow bifurcate hair-like scales. The habitus is decidedly that

of a member of the Apatelinse, being remarkably similar to that

group of ‘"Namangana” of authors (Draudtia B. and Benj.)

containing continens Ply. Edw., costa B. and Benj., tap eta Sm.,

and seitzi B. and Benj. In other words, resemblance to Perigea

or Hadena in the sense of Smith, is worthy of note, especially

as the male genitalia possess a battledore shaped harpe. This

shaped harpe is a marked deviation from the more pointed types

normal to the Guculliinae, suggestive of some sort of connec-

tion with either the Apatelin^ or the Hadeninse. But because

of the lashed eyes loculosa would certainly fall into the Guculli-

inse as this is now defined. We are not attempting to substan-

tiate lashed eyes as being of real subfamily significance, for

we realize that the character appears to fail in a number of

instances. Nevertheless, until some other characters are found,

we prefer to retain loculosa in the Guculliinse.

Eor ‘'Perigea' loculosa Grt., or H omohadena loculosa of

authors Bryomima continentis Dyar; = Bryomima osi-

phona Dyar), we propose the generic name

Properigea gen. nov.

Type Perigea locidosa Grt.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned, the second

JANUARY, 1927] BARNES-BENJAMIN GENERIC NOTES

113

joint not reaching middle of frons, the third short; frons smooth;

eyes large, rounded, ciliated; antennas of male with the joints slightly

marked but not serrate, ciliated; thorax clothed mainly with narrow

bifurcate hair-like scales mixed with some hair and a few broader

scales, the prothorax with a slight spreading crest, the metathorax

with a crest; tibiae fringed with hair on outer side; abdomen clothed

with scales and hair, with a dorsal tuft at base only. Fore wing

rather narrow, the termen obliquely curved; veins 3, 5 from near

angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8

to form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from

angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from somewhat below middle of disco-

cellulars; 6, 7 variable, usually connate from upper angle, sometimes

shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with cell near base only.

A NEW GEOMETER FROM SAN DIEGO COUNTY

BY WILLIAM S. WRIGHT

San Diego, California

Dysstroma citrata hewlettaria Wright, forma nova

In 1914 the writer obtained a number of specimens of this

new form taken at Nellie Post Office in the Pala district, Palo-

mar Mountain, San Diego County, California, by Miss Esther

P. Hewlett. Being unable to match them either with speci-

mens in my collection or with available descriptions, I con-

cluded that the series represented a new species and it was so

diagnosed. Correspondence with Mr. Louis W. Swett seemed

to point to possible error, so the diagnosis remained in manu-

script. However, some specimens bearing the new name label

were inadvertently distributed and two of them, now desig-

nated as Paratypes “y” and "z” fell into the hands of Dr.

William Barnes. Recently Mr. Foster H. Benjamin called the

matter to my attention while trying to check up on publication.

As a result of correspondence with Mr. Benjamin it has been

decided to publish the new name as a minor form of citrata

Linn., lying between this species and its form immanata Haw.

In the keys it will run to citrata Linn., but is uniformly lighter

in color. It is much darker than immanata Haw. There is a

decided tendency for all transverse lines to become obsolete

and for diffusion of the bands. The outer edge of the subapical

patch on the primaries is much more oblique than in the two

forms mentioned and there is a rather even distribution of rufus

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

scales over the entire expanse. In size it runs smaller than

either citrata Linn or immanata Haw.

Holotype, male, Nellie Post Office, Palomar Mountain, San

Diego County, California, September 18, 1914, and allotype,

female, Pala, San Diego County, California, October 11, 1914,

in collection of Natural History Museum, San Diego, California.

Paratypes, 6 males, 6 females. September 1 to 19, in collec-

tion of Barnes, Decatur, Illinois. All but two of these are

labeled “Nellie, San Bern. Co., Calif.” which I believe to be

in error, as there is no such locality shown on maps of San

Bernardino County. Five males, 9 females. Pala, San Diego

County, California. September 1 to 19, 1914, except two speci-

mens dated 5-12-14 and 5-14-14 respectively. Collection of

Natural History Museum and collection of George H. Field,

San Diego, California.

I am indebted to Mr. Foster H. Benjamin, curator of the

Barnes collection for the loan of comparative material and

advice. The form is dedicated to Miss Esther P. Hewlett, who

collected all the material under discussion.

A WASHINGTON RECORD FOR CICINDELA

WESTBOURNEI WALLIS

BY W. KNAUS

McPherson, Kansas

I recently received from Mr. M. C. Lane of Toppenish,

Washington, four specimens of a Cicindela labelled C. senilis

var. At first glance they looked very much like Cicindela ful-

gida var. parowana Wickh. On comparison with my series of

twelve specimens of this variety from Utah I found they were

slightly different but were almost identical with the slight varia-

tion of parozvana described by J. B. Wallis as westbournei.

The only difference that could be noted between the Wash-

ington specimens, three from Ritzville and one from Lind,

Adams County, and the westbournei specimens from West-

bourne, Manitoba, Canada, was that the middle band of the

elytra on the Washington specimens did not tend to expand

along the margin.

The range of this variety must thus be extended many hun-

dreds of miles southwest of Manitoba to southeast Washington,

between the Rocky Mountains and Coast Ranges.

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

115

THE ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OE THE ORTHOP-

TEROID EAMILY GRYLLOBLATTID^ AND

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GROUP

BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH. D.

Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Massachusetts

Mr. Eric Hearle and Prof. Owen Bryant have generously

supplied me with a fine series of Grylloblattid material, includ-

ing practically all of the developmental stages of Grylloblatta

campodeiformis Walk., and, through the kindness of Mr. H. S.

Barber, I have been able to obtain from a Californian collector

a full-grown female nymph of Grylloblatta barberi Caudell.

During a visit to the National Museum I had an opportunity

of making sketches of an immature male of Grylloblatta barberi

and a male of Galloisiana (Galloisia) nipponensis Cdll., through

the kindness of Mr. A. N. Caudell, to whom I am likewise

indebted for many favors in the past. To all of these gentle-

men I would express my deep appreciation of their kindness,

which has made this investigation possible.

The Grylloblattids are of such great interest and importance

for the study of the Orthopteroid insects in general, that all of

the features of Grylloblattid anatomy should be made avail-

able to entomologists who have an interest in the evolution and

natural grouping of the insects with which they have to deal.

There are no figures of the details of the entire abdomen of a

Grylloblattid, however, and the terminal abdominal structures

of the two sexes of Grylloblatta barberi have never been figured,

so that the present paper is offered with a view to supplying

some of this needed data; and the evidence of relationships

furnished by the other parts of the body is also briefly reviewed

in this paper.

According to Caudell, 1924, the differences between the Gryl-

loblattid genera Galloisiana and Grylloblatta include the follow-

ing features : (1) The presence of the posterior process (labeled

poc in Fig. 2) in the male of Galloisiana, a process which is

lacking in all of the recorded species of Grylloblatta. (2) The

occurrence of stouter spines in Galloisiana, and slenderer ones

in Grylloblatta. (3) The absence of a chitinous process on the

dextral coxite of males of Galloisiana, and its presence in adult

males of Grylloblatta. (4) The occurrence of nine segments in

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

the cerci of Galloisiana, as against eight in the cerci of Gryllo-

hlatta. (5) The occurrence of forty segments in the antennae of

Galloisiana, as against about thirty (as a maximum) in Gryllo-

blatta. (6) The presence of large flange-like tarsal pads in

Galloisiana. Mr. Caudell is apparently quite justified in erect-

ing a new genus (Galloisia, which was later changed to Galloi-

siana because Galloisia was preoccupied) for the Japanese

species because of these differences, but I think that he is wrong

in maintaining that there are no tarsal pads at all in Grylloblatfa,

because in my material of this genus preserved in alcohol there

are distinct tarsal pads like those labeled tp in Fig. 3.

Caudell, 1924, considers that the immature specimens of

Grylloblata recently captured in California by Mr. H. S.

Barber belong to a distinct species which Caudell has called

Grylloblatta barberi. Mr. Caudell is apparently fully justified

in considering the Californian forms as the representatives of

a new species (despite the fact that only their immature stages

are known) since, among other differences, the sinistral coxite

(cxi of Fig. 8) of an immature male of Grylloblatta barberi

is much slenderer than the corresponding left coxite {cxi of

Fig. 5) of an immature male of Grylloblatta campodeiformis,

and the coxites differ markedly in shape in the two insects.

Since the coxites do not change greatly as the male Gryllo-

blattids become mature, these differences will doubtless hold

good in the adult stages as well.

In comparing the terminal abdominal structures of an imma-

ture male of Grylloblatta (Fig. 5) with an immature female

of the same species (Fig. 9) it is apparent that the coxite cxi

of the ninth abdominal segment or uromere of the male (Fig. 5)

corresponds to the elongated coxite, coxite dv oi the ninth uro-

mere of the immature female (Fig. 9), and the styli st of the

male (Fig. 5) are likewise homologous with the styli st of the

female (Fig. 9). There are no appendages of the eighth uro-

mere or abdominal segment of the male corresponding to the

appendages of the eighth uromere of the female.

Doctor Walker maintains that, with the exception of female

Odonata, male Grylloblattids are the only Pterygotan insects

which retain distinct, styli-bearing coxites in their adult stages,

and I formerly held the same opinion. Recently, however, in

studying the genitalia of insects related to the Hemiptera and

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTIDAi

117

the members of the Holometabolous orders, I have found dis-

tinct styli-bearing coxites in the females of certain Lampyroid

Coleoptera, in certain Hemiptera, etc., and such structures are

apparently of wider occurrence than either of us realized and

statements concerning their occurrence need revision. Since

these styli-bearing structures occur in adults of the above-

mentioned insects, it is not wholly improbable that the ancestors

of the Grylloblattids exhibited distinct styli-bearing coxites in

the adult stages of both sexes, while only the males of Gryllo-

blatta exhibit them in the adult condition at the present time.

When the female nymphs of Grylloblatfa become adult the

following changes take place in the ovipositor and the region

at its base : the stylus st (Fig. 9) of the nymph is lost, and the

elongated coxite dz> (Fig. 9) of the nymph becomes the dorsal

valve dv of the adult (Fig. 10). The inner valve iv (Fig. 9)

of the nymph becomes the inner valve iv (Fig. 10) of the adult,

and the ventral valve vv (Fig. 9) of the nymph becomes the

ventral valve vv (Fig. 10) of the adult. The small coxite bv

(Fig. 9) of the eighth uromere (abdominal segment) of the

nymph takes part in the formation of the basivalvula bv

(Fig. 10) of the adult, and the region of the ninth sternite

bearing the label vf in Fig. 9 of the nymph, becomes the valvifer

vf oi the adult insect shown in Fig. 10.

From the foregoing it is evident that it is a comparatively

easy matter to compare the parts of an adult female with those

of an immature female, and it is also comparatively easy to

homologize the parts of both of these with the parts of the male

insect. It is somewhat more difficult, however, to interpret the

parts of the ovipositor in terms of the primitive biramous Crus-

taceoid limb (i. e. a limb composed of a basal portion or pro-

topodite bearing an outer branch or exopodite, and an inner

branch or endopodite) because the different investigators are

not agreed as to whether the inner valves of the ovipositor

belong to the ninth or to the tenth uromere (abdominal seg-

ment). Walker, however (whom I have followed in these

matters), considers that the inner valves belong to the ninth

uromere, and if this be correct the parts of the ovipositor of

the female nymph may be interpreted in terms of a biramous

appendage in the following fashion; the elongated coxite dv of

Fig. 9 represents the protopodite of a biramous limb of the

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. III^ NO. 3

ninth abdominal segment, in which the exopodite forms the

stylus st and the endopodite forms the intermediate valve iv.

The short coxite bv of Fig. 9 represents the protopodite of the

limb of the eighth abdominal segment, which has lost its exopo-

dite or stylus, but has retained its endopodite, represented by

the ventral valve vv of Fig. 9. In the adult female (Fig. 10)

the dorsal valve dv would then represent the elongated coxite

or protopodite of a biramous limb of the ninth uromere, which

loses its stylus or exopodite when the insect becomes mature,

but this limb of the ninth uromere retains its endopodite to

form the inner valve vv of the adult shown in Fig. 10. The

sclerite vf of Fig. 10 is merely a portion of the sternum of the

ninth uromere bearing the dorsal {dv) and inner valve {iv)

of the ovipositor. The parts of the eighth segment have the

following interpretation. The coxite or protopodite of the limb

of the eighth uromere forms the sclerite bv of Fig. 10, and

the endopodite of the limb of the eighth uromere is retained to

form the ventral valve vv of the ovipositor of the insect shown

in Fig. 10. The limb of the eighth uromere has no stylus

(exopodite) so that this structure is not represented in the

eighth uromere of the nymph or adult insect. In the male insect

(Fig. 8) the coxite cxi represents the protopodite of the limb

of the ninth uromere, and the stylus st represents its exopodite.

The endopodite of the limb of the ninth uromere may be repre-

sented by the parameres, but this point has not been definitely

determined.

The parapodial plates or paraprocts pa of Figs. 8, 9, 10, etc.,

apparently represent the coxites or modified protopodites of

the limb of the eleventh (or tenth) abdominal segment, whose

exopodite is lost and whose endopodite forms the cercus ce.

At any rate, the cercus develops exactly like the thoracic limbs

in the embryo according to Wheeler, Heymons and other

embryologists, and since the limbs of the thorax are acknowl-

edgedly endopodites, this would indicate that the cerci also

represent endopodites rather than exopodites (see Crampton,

1921), and the condition exhibited by certain Crustacea also

lends weight to this view, which is discussed more at length

in the paper cited above.

Since Grylloblatta is such a primitive Orthopteraii, I had

hoped that it would throw some light on the question as to

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

119

whether the epiproct ep oi Figs. 8 and 9 represents the tenth

tergite, or the tenth tergite and eleventh tergite united to form

an apparently single sclerite; but there is no indication of a

transverse division of the epiproct in Grylloblatta despite the

fact that certain other Orthoptera show some indications of

such a division. Furthermore, none of the stages of Gryllo-

blatta in my series shows any indication of the presence of

a twelfth segment or telson, and I must confess that I am

extremely skeptical as to the correctness of the claims of those

who profess to be able to find traces of a twelfth “segment’’

or telson in the postembryonic stages of any Pterygotan insect

(although twelve segments occur in the abdominal region of

the Protura). The membranous rectal lining labeled er in

Figs. 9 and 10, has become everted in some of the specimens

thrown into alcohol while still alive, but this rectal lining can

hardly be interpreted as the remains of a twelfth segment. The

rectal lining is frequently everted in Psocids, Isoptera, and

related forms, if the specimens were thrown into alcohol, and

it would be of some interest to determine whether this ever-

sion of the rectum is the result of the action of the preserving

fluid, or whether (as is more probably the case) it is caused by

the irritation set up by the alcohol, etc. There have been no

experiments to determine whether the eversion of the rectal

lining is in any way associated with repelling enemies, and it

would be interesting to know if there are any repugnatorial

glands in this region. The fact that this eversion of the rectal

lining occurs in Isoptera, Grylloblattids, Gryllotalpids, Psocids,

etc., has some significance in indicating a relationship between

the insects in question, as will be discussed later.

Mr. Caudell apparently considers that none of the described

species of Grylloblatta is adult; but Miss Ford has described

the mating, egg-laying, etc., of Grylloblatta campodeiformis,

and no one who has made a study of the genitalia of the males

and the abdomen of gravid females of Grylloblatta campodei-

formis can doubt the maturity of these forms.

The abdomen of a gravid female of Grylloblatta campodei-

formis is shown in Fig. 10. The abdomen of the specimen

there figured was abnormally distended due to the action of the

fluid in which it was preserved; but the specimen in question

is extremely well chitinized and pigmented, and the parts are

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

exceptionally favorable for study, and I have, therefore, made

it the basis of the drawing shown in Fig. 10. The tergites and

sternites are quite widely separated in the specimen in ques-

tion, and the membranous regions of the abdomen are appar-

ently capable of considerable distention. The third to the sixth

tergites (inclusive) are the broadest, and the seventh sternite

is the longest.

As is shown in Fig 4, the first sternite 1® is separated from

the posterior region .y.? of the metasternum by a membranous

area, instead of being closely associated with the metasternum,

as is the case in the first sternite of other Orthoptera. Beneath

the first sternite is an eversible sac bearing the label pr in

Figs. 1, 4 and 10, and this structure probably functions as a

repugnatorial “gland.” In the nymph of Grylloblatta barberi

shown in Fig. 1, the everted sac is rather slender. In the adults

of Grylloblatta campodeiformis shown in Figs. 4 and 10, the

structure in question is somewhat larger, and the “gland” may

be better developed in the adults than in the nymphal stages.

In some specimens of Grylloblatta campodeiformis there are

slight indications of a deposition of chitin and pigment about

the proximal spiracles; but for the most part the spiracles lie

in the membrane near the margins of the tergites as shown in

Fig. 10. The abdominal spiracles of the Grylloblattids are very

small, and are rather difficult to detect.

The egg shown in Fig. 6 is about one and five-sevenths mm.

long and five-sevenths mm. broad. It is black in color, is some-

what more rounded at the posterior (?) end, and is slightly

more pointed at the anterior (?) end. The supposedly ventral

side is directed toward the top of the page in Fig. 6, and is

somewhat more convex than the opposite side of the egg. In

the region m, which may represent the micropylar end, the

tiny processes (which occur at the opposite end of the egg also)

on the surface of the egg give a roughened appearance to this

area. The eggs are laid singly, and are probably deposited in

moss or similar substances during the nocturnal wanderings of

the female.

The fact that Grylloblattids raise the abdomen high above

their heads when irritated, indicates that they are “psychically”

allied to the Dermaptera, but their egg-laying behavior is “out-

and-out” Orthopteran. Their nocturnal habits, and their ten-

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

121

dency to hide under stones, logs, etc., are shared alike by the

earwigs and certain Orthoptera.

In color the Grylloblattids are very suggestive of Phasmids

such as Timena, or certain of the paler earwigs. They also

approach certain termites in the color of the body in general,

and I think that these features, as well as the structures of the

body, etc., are of some value in indicating their relationships

and evolution, as will be presently discussed.

Before taking up the discussion of the relationships indicated

by the various anatomical structures of the Grylloblattids, I

would call attention to the method of grouping the Orthop-

teroid insects (i. e., the Paurometabola or Orthopteradelphia)

into superorders representing the natural relationships of the

insects in question, as indicated by comparative anatomy, the

palaeontological record, and other features. There are three

principal superorders of Orthopteroid insects, as follows: (1)

The Panisoptera, including the fossil Protoblattids, Blattids

and Mantids, Isoptera, etc. (2) The Panplecoptera, including

the fossil Hadentomoidea, Embiids, Plecoptera, etc. (3) The

Panorthoptera, including the fossil Protorthoptera, Grylloblat-

tids and Saltatoria, Phasmids, Dermaptera, etc. All of these in-

sects were apparently descended from common ancestors in the

common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem (see Textfigure A

which gradually split into the Protoblattids (which retained

most of the ancestral features of the group) and the Pro-

torthoptera. Although all three superorders were derived from

ancestors in the common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem,

the ancestors of the Panorthoptera and Panplecoptera were

probably somewhat more Protorthopteroid, while the ancestors

of the Panisoptera were probably slightly more Protoblat-

toid, although all three groups naturally merge, as we trace

them to their ultimate origin in the common Protorthopteran-

Protoblattid stem.

The common ancestors of all of these forms in the common

Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem may have exhibited the

following characteristics : They were possibly nocturnal or

tended to hide under stones, logs, etc. The color was probably

yellowish brown. Head prognathous and Plecopteroid or Der-

mapteroid (i. e., like that of an earwig, with eyes on side of

head, antennae borne below the eyes, near the base of the man-

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 3

dibles, etc.) and provided with three ocelli. Temporal sutures

probably present, demarking the temporal regions from the

parietals. The proximal segments of the antennae were doubt-

less much shorter than the distal ones, which tended to become

more elongated and cylindrical. The cervical sclerites were well

developed in the lateral region of the neck, and in the pro-

thorax the trochantin intervened between pleural region and

the coxa. The pleural suture was continued downward into the

trochantinal region, and the trochantin was divided into several

areas by sutures, clefts, etc. The pronotum was demarked into

a small anterior region and a larger posterior one by a trans-

verse suture. The spinisternal region of the prothorax was

closely associated with the spiracles. The meso- and metathorax

were subequal, although the metathorax tended to surpass the

mesothorax in size, and the hind wings tended to become larger

than the fore wings, and doubtless bore an anal fan. A distinct

laterosternite was present in both meso- and metathorax, and

the coxae were Blattoid. The tarsi were pentamerous, and tarsal

pads or “soles” were probably present on all segments of the

tarsi. The ovipositor of the female was probably rather short,

but was not concealed by a hypogynium, or subgenital plate,

and the valves of the ovipositor were subequal in length. In

the immature females the dorsal valves bore styli, and it is

barely possible that these were retained even in the adult stages.

In the males separate and distinct styli-bearing coxites were

borne in the posterior region of the hypandrium or ninth

sternite, and the phallus or copulatory portion of the genitalia

was probably composed of lobe-like structures provided with

accessory chitinous outgrowths, etc. The paraprocts were well

developed, and the epiproct may have been divided by a trans-

verse suture or similar division line. The cerci were composed

of a number of segments, and the distal ones tended to become

more elongated and cylindrical. From ancestors in the common

Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem exhibiting characters like

those described above were descended the Grylloblattids and

their Orthopteroid relatives. The Grylloblattids have retained

many of these ancestral features, and they combine in them-

selves certain characters found in other Orthopteroids, making

the study of their anatomy of the greatest importance from the

standpoint of phylogeny. The most important of these features.

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTIDJE 123

and the relationships indicated by them, may be briefly indicated

as follows :

(1) Antenna. As described by Crampton, 1917a, the an-

tennae of Grylloblatta are Strikingly similar to those of Emhia,

and resemble the antennae of such primitive Phasmids as

Timema very markedly. The Acridoidea (i. e., Acrididae, Tet-

tigidae, Tridactylidae, etc.), have antennae resembling those of

Grylloblatta more closely than is the case with the antennae of

the Grylloidea and Tettigonioidea. This probably indicates that

the ancestors of the Acridoidea, Grylloblattids, Embiids, cer-

tain Phasmids, etc., had antennae like those of Grylloblatta,

although some of the ancestral Orthopteroid types undoubtedly

had antennae more like those of roaches, Mantids, crickets,

Tettigoniids, etc.

(2) Head Capsule. The head capsule of Grylloblatta is

markedly Dermapteroid, as was pointed out by Crampton, 1926a.

The head capsule of the Embiids, Phasmids, and Plecoptera

are essentially of this type, and all of these have retained this

primitive type of head capsule from their common ancestry.

The head capsule of these forms is much more like that of

Lepisma (and is therefore more primitive) than is the head

capsule of the Blattids and Mantids.

(3) Labium. The underlip of Grylloblatta is Orthopteroid

according to Crampton, 1926a, and resembles the underlip of

the Gryllids and Tettigoniids very closely. The evidence from

this source would indicate that Grylloblatta is an Orthopteron,

or a member of the superorder Paiiorthoptera, and probably

inherited this type of labium from the common Protorthoptera-

like forebears of the Panorthoptera.

(4) Neck and Prothorax. The neck plates of Grylloblatta

are Orthopteroid (see Crampton, 1926b), and they are also

very suggestive of the neck plates of the Isoptera in many

respects. The pronotum, with its transverse suture, is very like

that of certain Dermaptera, Embiids, etc., and the propleuron

is strikingly similar to that of the Dermaptera and Embiids,

but also shows Isopteroid affinities. These facts are in accord

with the evidence from other sources indicating that the Isop-

tera are very like the Protoblattoid ancestors in the common

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem giving rise to the lines of

descent of the Protorthoptera, Grylloblattids, Dermaptera, Em-

biids, etc., and the more immediate ancestors of the latter groups

were probably Protorthopteroid in character.

(5) Mesothorax AND Metathorax. The thoracic sclerites

of Grylloblatta were discussed by Crampton, 1915, but the

analysis of the relationships indicated by the thoracic structures

is much better presented in later papers. Grylloblatta together

with the Isoptera and Zorapterous Psocids are the only insects

of which I have any knowledge, in which a separate and dis-

tinct laterosternite occurs in both meso- and metathorax. This

would be in line with other evidence indicating that the Isop-

tera approach the Protorthopteroid ancestors of the Grylleblat-

tids, and these Protorthopteroid ancestors of the Grylloblattids

were identical with, or were very closely related to the Isoptera-

like, Protorthopteroid ancestors of the Psocids. Although the

fact is not noted in the earlier papers, it is quite apparent that

the pleural region labeled Ip in Fig. 10 is an Isopteroid feature

representing the so-called lateropleurite of the meso- and meta-

thorax of certain Isoptera; and the character of the trochantin

tn of Fig. 10 is very Isopteroid (although it is also Blattoid

and Mantoid as well). The evidence of the thoracic sclerites

would indicate that the Isoptera approach the Protorthopteroid

ancestors of the Grylloblattids, Dermaptera, Embiids, etc., more

closely than the Blattids and Mantids do, and many features

in the thorax indicate that the Dermaptera and Embiids were

descended from a Protorthopteroid ancestry identical with that

of the Grylloblattids, although the Embiids tend to accompany

the Plecoptera more closely in their evolutionary tendencies, as

the ancestors of both of these groups began to develop away

from the ancestral Grylloblattids.

(6) Legs. As was pointed out by Crampton, 1915, the coxae

of Grylloblatta are of the type occurring in Blattids, Mantids,

and wingless Isoptera. This Blattoid type of coxa is prob-

ably the ancestral one for the superorders Panorthoptera and

Panplecoptera, and the Zorapterous Psocids were probably

descended from forms having coxae somewhat like those of

Grylloblatta. The pentamerous tarsi of the Mantids are very

like those of the ancestors of the Grylloblattids, and some Man-

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^ 125

tids have flange-like tarsal pads very suggestive of those occur-

ring in Galloisiana and in certain Gryllacrids. I now consider

that the trimerous tarsi of Embiids, Plecoptera, etc., are sec-

ondary (the tarsal pads of Embiids, for example, indicate that

the tarsi were originally composed of more than three seg-

ments) and the pentamerous type represents the ancestral

one for these insects also. Grylloblatta apparently inherited its

tarsal “pentamerism” from its Protorthopteroid ancestors in

the common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem, and the Phas-

mids did the same; but the other members of the superorders

Panorthoptera and Panplecoptera tend to lose the ancestral

“pentamerism.” In lacking a developed arolium, Grylloblatta

has retained a condition suggestive of affinities with the Isop-

tera and Dermaptera ; but certain Gryllacrid Orthoptera have

also not developed an arolium, and it is quite possible that the

ancestral Orthopteroids may have been of two types, one

developing an arolium, and the other lacking it. It is uncer-

tain whether or no the common ancestors in the common

Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem had an arolium, although

it is not impossible that some had an arolium and others did

not, at a very early stage of Orthopteroid development.

(7) Abdomen. The abdominal sclerites of Grylloblatta are

Orthopteroid and indicate that Grylloblatta is a true member

of the superorder Panorthoptera. There is something very

suggestive of Isopteran affinities in the character of the sclerites

in general in the abdomen of Grylloblatta, but it is difficult to

say what these Isopteran characters are in regions other than

the terminal segments — which show more than a hint of Isop-

teran affinities. The general outlines of the tergites and sternites

of Grylloblatta, and the character of the parapodial plates, supra-

anal plate, etc., are quite Isopteroid; but the Mantids also

resemble the Grylloblattids in these features, and the ovipositor

of the Mantids is much more like that of Grylloblatta than is

the case with the ovipositor of such primitive Isoptera as Mas-

totermes, for example. Thus, while the Isoptera have retained

certain features which doubtless occurred in the ancestors of

the Grylloblattids, the Mantids have retained more of the

ancestral features in the abdominal region.

(8) Ovipositor. The ovipositor of Grylloblatta is entirely

Orthopteroid, as was pointed out by Grampton, 1917b. Walker,

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

1919, however, gives a much better description of the ovipositor

of Grylloblatta, and compares its parts with those of other

Orthopteroid insects, although he apparently uses the term

“Orthopteroid” to include Odonata and other forms not related

to the Orthoptera in the sense indicated by the use of the term

Orthopteroid in this paper. Not only is the ovipositor of adult

Grylloblattids clearly Orthopteroid, but the styli-bearing dorsal

valves of nymphal Grylloblattids are paralleled by the the styli-

bearing dorsal valves of the ovipositors of certain Orthoptera

as well. The ovipositors of nymphal Grylloblattids, however,

remind one somewhat of the ovipositors of nymphal Blattids,

Mantids, and soldiers of the termite Mastotermes, and the ovi-

positor of adult Mantids is very like the ovipositor of an adult

Grylloblattid. These members of the superorder Panisoptera

have apparently retained the fundamental type of ovipositor

occurring in the common ancestors of the Panisoptera, Pan-

orthoptera and Panplecoptera in the common Protorthopteran-

Protoblattid stem. The members of the superorder Panplecop-

tera, however, have lost the ovipositor, and they are consequently

less like the common ancestral type in this respect.

(9) Male Genitalia. Walker, 1919 and 1922, gives a fine

description of the genitalia of Grylloblatta, which he likens to

the genitalia of the Blattids and Mantids. The genitalia of

Grylloblatta are of a somewhat more primitive type than those

of the Blattids and Mantids, and the Grylloblattids have appar-

ently retained the genitalia in a condition approximating the

ancestral type more closely than any other members of the

Orthopteroid superorders, although the Grylloblattids have natu-

rally developed certain specializations of their own, as would be

expected. Although the genitalia of the Grylloblattids resemble

those of the Blattids and Mantids quite closely, they are evi-

dently very like the type at the basis of the Orthopteroid forms

and resemble those of the Phasmids very closely. The geni-

talia of the Embiids and Plecoptera have apparently departed

further from the ancestral type, and have developed along their

own lines of specialization. The Phasmids are remarkably

similar to the Grylloblattid type in their genetalic features, but

the Derniaptera do not resemble the Grylloblattids in these fea-

tures as much as one would expect from the marked resem-

blance between the Dermaptera and Grylloblattids in other

JANUARY, 1927 ] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

127

respects. The Isoptera have also developed along their own

lines of specialization (the male genitalia are not developed in

those which I have examined) ; and all of these facts probably

indicate that the genitalia are not equally modified in all of the

orders of insects, and while they may be of value for indicating

affinities in some groups, they are of less value in others.

(10) Cerci, Paraprocts, etc. As was pointed out by

Crampton, 1917b, the cerci of Grylloblatta are Plecopteroid in

many respects, and they also resemble the type of cerci occur-

ring in the immature stages of such Dermaptera as Discrytina.

The cerci of the primitive termite Archotermopsis are likewise

extremely like those of the Grylloblattids, and the cerci of cer-

tain Blattids and Mantids are somewhat suggestive of the type

occurring in Grylloblatta. This probably indicates that the cerci

of the common ancestors of the Panorthoptera and Panplecop-

tera were Plecopteroid in certain respects, and the termites

approach these common ancestors in this respect somewhat

more closely than the Blattids and Mantids do. The epiproct

and paraprocts bearing the labels ep and pa in Figs. 8, 9, 10,

etc., of Grylloblatta are decidedly Orthopteran, and add their

evidence to that of other features indicating that the Grylloblat-

tids are Orthoptera, or should be grouped in the superorder

Panorthoptera. The epiproct and paraprocts of the Grylloblat-

tids are also very like those of the Isoptera, and resemble these

structures in the Mantids as well. This is in line with the evi-

dence from other sources indicating that the Grylloblattids are

extremely closely allied to the Orthoptera, and that the Isoptera

approach the ancestors of the Grylloblattids in many respects,

as is also true of the Mantids, although the Mantids are in gen-

eral somewhat less like these ancestors than the Isoptera are.

(11) Color. The color of the Grylloblattids is a yellowish

brown (or brownish yellow) and is very suggestive of that of

certain termites. The color of the Grylloblattids is also very

like that of certain Phasmids related to Timema, and one spe-

cies of Timema is extremely like Grylloblatta in its general

appearance. The Dermaptera are usually darker in color than

the Grylloblattids are, but some of the earwigs also resemble

the Grylloblattids in this respect. A few roaches and Mantids

and some Plecoptera are brownish yellow, and some Embiids

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

are also yellowish brown in color, but on the whole the termites

are nearest the Grylloblattids in this feature. Certain Tetti-

goniids and some of the Gryllids are colored like Grylloblatta,

and these facts seem to indicate that the common ancestors in

the common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem may have been

yellowish brown or brownish yellow in color.

(12) Behavior, etc. Certain Tettigoniids such as Ceu-

thophilus and many crickets hide under stones, logs, etc., and

share with Grylloblatta its habits of concealment; and most

Tettigoniids are nocturnal, as are the Qicanthids and other

Orthopteran relatives of the nocturnal Grylloblattids. The

Dermaptera are nocturnal or hide under stones, etc., and

Embiids hide in their tunnels thus exhibiting a tendency in

this direction, and even the Plecoptera exhibit a tendency to

hide in crevices, etc. The Isoptera as a group live in protected

situations, and of course the roaches are nocturnal and hide

under stones, in crevices, etc. These facts may be interpreted

as indicating that the common ancestors of all these insects

(i. e. the common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem) were

probably nocturnal or tended to hide under stones, logs, etc.

The ‘‘embarrassment” reaction of nibbling the foot, cleaning the

antennae, polishing the head and similar elaborate actions of

“unconcern” upon coming “face to face” with one of its own

kind is exhibited by the Grylloblattids and related Tettigoniids

such as Decticus, etc., and evidently indicates a similar “physico-

chemical” makeup in the nervous system of these insects. The

reactions of Grylloblatta to a light brought near them in

captivity are suggestive of those of roaches under similar

conditions and much of its behavior is suggestive of “psychic

affinities” with the roaches. The habit of holding the abdomen

high over the head when irritated is shared alike by Grylloblat-

tids and Dermaptera, and is such a peculiar reaction that it

undoubtedly indicates a rather close relationship between the

Dermaptera and Grylloblattids. The egg-laying habits of Gryl-

loblatta are clearly Orthopteran, and the eggs are extremely

like those of the Orthoptera, so that taking it all in all the

evidence thus far available would indicate that the closest affini-

ties of the Grylloblattids are with the Orthoptera, while they

are somewhat less closely allied to the Dermaptera and Phas-

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

129

mids and still less so to the Embiids and Plecoptera. The Isop-

tera are their closest allies among the Panisoptera, and the

Blattids and Mantids are slightly further removed, the Mantids

being somewhat nearer than the Blattids are to the Protoblattid-

like forms giving rise to the Protorthopteroid ancestors of

the Grylloblattids and other members of the superorder Pan-

orthoptera.

The principal points brought out in the foregoing discussion

may be briefly summarized, as follows : All of the Orthopteroid

insects (sensu lato) were ultimately derived from ancestors

in the common Protorthopteran-Protoblattid stem, and these

common ancestors were probably dark-loving forms hiding

under stones, logs, etc. They were yellow brown (or brownish

yellow), slender-bodied forms (Plecopteroid or Dermapteroid)

having Dermapteroid heads, Isopteroid thoraces and coxae, pen-

tamerous tarsi, and hind wings with an anal fan. The abdo-

men was probably Grylloblattoid, or somewhat Mantoid, v/ith

Plecopteroid cerci.

From ancestors exhibiting the characters mentioned above

were derived the Orthopteroid superorders ; and the ancestors

of the Psocoids, Holometabola, etc., were also very like these

forms. As shown in Textfigure A, the Synarmogoidea connect

these ancestral forms with the Palaeodictyoptera (which in turn

were derived from Lepisma-like ancestors) and these ancestral

forms give rise to three main evolutionary groups. The first to

branch off were the Protoblattids and their allies the Blattids

and Mantids (i. e. the order Dictyoptera) and the Isoptera.

The immediate ancestors of this group were somewhat more

Protoblattoid than Protorthopteroid; but the immediate ances-

tors of the next two groups were somewhat more Protorthop-

teroid than Protoblattoid, and from such forms there developed

in one direction the Embiids, Plecoptera and Hadentomoidea,

while in the other direction were evolved the lines of descent

of the Orthoptera, Phasmids, Dermaptera, and Protorthoptera.

In Textfigure B, I have endeavored to show the relationships

of the Grylloblattids to the principal families of the order

Orthoptera, although all of the Orthopteran families are not

given in the tree there represented. The trees represented in

Textfigures A and B should indicate that the branches are given

off in three planes, but not knowing hovv^ to show this in the

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

figure, I shall merely call attention to the fact that a figure

drawn in one plane does not correctly indicate the interrelation-

ships of the lines of descent so depicted. Furthermore the

Grylloidea (i. e. Gryllids and Gryllotalpids) are not the lowest

representatives of the Orthoptera, as the figure might be taken

to indicate, but the lines of descent of these forms were repre-

sented in this way to avoid crossing or overlapping in the figure.

As is indicated in Textfigure B, the Grylloblattidse occupy a

position at the base of the lines of descent of the Grylloidea

and Tettigonioidea (or Locustoidea as they were formerly

called). The Grylloblattids have departed but little from the

Protorthopteroid ancestors of the Orthoptera in general, and

their nearest relatives are the Tettigonioidea, the lowest repre-

sentatives of which are the Gryllacridae. The Grylloidea are

almost as closely related to the Grylloblattids as the Tettigo-

nioidea are, but on the whole the Tettigonioidea are somewhat

nearer to the Grylloblattids than the Grylloidea are.

The fossil Elcanidse may be related to the Tridactylidse,

although they exhibit certain features suggestive of a closer

relationship to the Tettigonioidea. The Tridactylidse have

retained some features suggestive of the Gryllidas from their

ancient common ancestry, but the closest affinities of the Tri-

dactylidse appear to be with the Acridoidea and they approach

the Acridoid family Tettigidse in certain respects. The antennae,

tarsi, wings, ovipositor, etc., of the Tridactylidse are certainly

not Grylloid in appearance, but are very suggestive of the Acri-

doids in these respects, and the Tridactylidse apparently occupy

a position near the base of the lines of descent of the Acridoid

families, as is indicated in the figure. The Tettigidse are rather

primitive Acridoidea in some respects, and their line of descent

approaches that of the Tridactylids, but the closest affinities

of the Tettigids are with the Acridids (and Pneumonids). The

fossil family Locustopsidse is rather like the ancestors of the

Acrididse, but we do not know enough about the ancestors of

the Acridoidea (or Locustoidea as they are sometimes called)

to do more than indicate their lines of descent in a general

way, as shown in the diagram. The Grylloblattids have retained

some ancestral features suggestive of those occurring in the

primitive Acidoidea, but the closest affinities of the Grylloblat-

tids are with the Tettigonioids and Grylloids, as was mentioned

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

131

above. In some respects the Grylloblattidse are like living Prot-

orthoptera, but they have also retained some features suggestive

of an ancestry in forms more primitive than the Protorthop-

tera themselves, so that their line of descent is represented in

Textfigure B, as though it sprang from the common Protorthop-

teran-Protoblattid stem from which the Protorthoptera also

arose. The Grylloblattids, however, are probably true Orthop-

tera, although I formerly considered that they might represent

a distinct order, the Archorthoptera or Notoptera. The prin-

cipal superfamilies of the order Orthoptera, with their principal

families would be grouped, as follows : ( 1 ) the Grylloblattoidea

(with the single family Grylloblattidae) ; (2) the Tettigonioidea

(including the Gryllacrididae, Stenopelmatidas, Tettigoniidse and

Phasmodidae, the latter are not to be confused with the Phas-

midse) ; (3) the Grylloidea (including the Gryllidse and Gryl-

lotalpidse) ; (4) the Acridoidea (including the Tettigidse,

Pnueumonidse, Acrididae and Proscopidae, to which the Locus-

topsidae might be added, and the Tridactylidas and possibly

the Elcanidae might likewise be grouped in this super family,

although the Elcanidae probably belong with the Tettigonioidea).

The Grylloblattoidea, Tettigonioidea, and Grylloidea belong in

the suborder Euorthoptera, while the Acridoidea constitute the

suborder Metorthoptera quite sharply differentiated from the

Euorthoptera.

The anatomical features of Grylloblatta were more or less

correctly portrayed in my earlier papers dealing with the morph-

ology of this insect, and the structures figured were correctly

homologized for the most part; but in these earlier papers the

interrelationships of the Orthopteroid orders were not always

indicated correctly, as a wider knowledge of the forms in ques-

tion has shown. I would therefore emphasize the fact that the

views expressed in the present paper are more nearly in accord

with the facts revealed by a further study of a wider range of

structures in the more primitive representatives of the orders

in question, which were not available to me before. In subse-

quent papers I am hoping to take up a more detailed study of

the parts not already described in the Grylloblattids, giving par-

ticular attention to the evidence of relationships furnished by

the various anatomical features of these extremely interesting

and important insects.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

References Cited

Caudell, A. N.

1924j^ A new Genus and Species of the Notopterous Family

Grylloblattidae from Japan. Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash-

ington, 26, p. 53.

1924^, New Species Grylloblatta harheri. Jour. Washington Acad.

Sci., 14, p. 369.

1924g Change of Galloisia to Galloisiana. Proc. Ent. Soc.,

Washington, 26, p. 92.

Crampton, G. C.

1915. Thoracic Sclerites and Affinities of Grylloblatta. Ent.

News, 26, p. 337.

1917^ Antennae of Grylloblatta and Embiids. Can. Ent, 49,

p. 213.

1917], Ovipositor of Grylloblatta and Related Insects. Jour.

N. Y. Ent Soc., 25, p. 225.

1917g Lateral Head, Neck and Prothorax of Grylloblatta and

Related Insects. Ent. News, 28, p. 398.

1921. Terminal Structures of Insects and Crustacea. Ent.

News, 32, p. 257.

1923. Maxillae of Grylloblatta and Related Insects. Jour. N. Y.

Ent. Soc., 31, p. 77.

1924. Phylogenetic Grouping of Insects. Jour. Ent. Zool., 16,

p. 33.

1926g^ Head and Mouthparts of Grylloblatta. Psyche, 33, p. 78.

1926^, Neck and Prothoracic Sclerites of Grylloblatta, etc.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 61.

Ford, Norma.

1926. Behavior of Grylloblatta. Can Ent., 58, p. 66.

Walker, E. M.

1914. First Description of Grylloblatta. Can. Ent., 46, p. 93.

1910g^ Male and Immature Stages of Grylloblatta. Can. Ent.,

51, p. 131.

1910], Ovipositor of Grylloblatta, etc. Annals Ent. Soc. America,

12, p. 267.

1922. Male Genitalia of Grylloblatta, etc. Ibid., 15, p. 1.

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

133

Abbreviations

bs. — Basisternum

bv. — Basivalvula (a modified

coxite)

ce. — Cercus

cp. — Curvipleurite

cx. — Coxa

cxi. — Coxite

dv. — Dorsovalvula, or dorsal

valve of ovipositor

em. — Epimeron

ep.— Epiproct, or supra-anal

plate

es. — Episternum

er. — Endorectum, or endorectal

lining

fs. — Furcasternum

iv. — Intervalvula, or intermedi-

ate valve of ovipositor

lo. — Phallic lobes

l p. — Lateropleurite

Is. — Laterosternite

m. — Supposed micropylar re-

gion of egg

pa. — Paraprocts, or parapodial

plates

pc. — Pericercal pores

poc. — Postcornu, or posterior

process

pr, — Primirepugnatorium or re-

pugnatorium of first uro-

mere

s. — Sternites

sp. — Spiracles

ss. — Spinasternum

st. — Stylus

t. — Tergites

tn. — Trochantin

tp. — Tarsal pads

vf. — Valvifer

vv. — Ventrovalvula, or ventral

valve of ovipositor

The letter “t” written to the right and above the Arabic numerals

indicates the tergite of the segment indicated by the numeral in

question, while the letter “s” similarly placed, indicates the corre-

sponding sternite.

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1. Ventral view of first sternite, and its everted repugnatorial

structure, of a female nymph of Grylloblatta harberi.

Fig. 2. Dorsal view of the terminal structures of a male of Galloisi-

ana nipponensis.

Fig. 3. Ventral view of a portion of the terminal segments of the

tarsus of Grylloblatta cainpodeiformis.

Fig. 4. Ventral view of posterior region of metasternum and first

sternite of an adult female G. campodeiformis.

Fig. 5. Lateral view of terminal structures of an immature male of

G. campodeiformis.

Fig. 6. Egg of G. campodeiformis viewed from right side with ven-

tral side directed toward top of page.

Fig. 7. Ventral view of terminal structures of an immature male of

G. harberi.

Fig. 8. Lateral view of terminal structure of an immature male of

G. harberi.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

134

[vOL. Ill, NO. 3

Fig. 9. Lateral view of terminal structures of nymphal female

G. campodeiformis.

Fig. 10. Lateral view of abdomen of a gravid female of Grylloblatta

campodeiformis.

bs / \ bs

JANUARY, 1927] CRAMPTON GRYLLOBLATTID^

135

HOLOMETABOLA

HEMIPTEROIDS,

PSOCOIDS .

EMBIIDS,

PLECOPTSRA

HADENTOMOIBEA

COMMON STEM

ORTHOPTERA

PHASMIDS

DERMAPTERA

■ PROTORTHOPTERA

ISOPTERA

BLATTID-MANTIDS

PROTOBLATTIDS

SYNARMOGOIEEA

PALAEODICTYOPTERA

LEPISMATOIEB

Textfigure A

PHASMODIDAE

TETTIGONIIDAE

STENOPELMATIDAB

GHYLLACRIDAE

GRYLLOBLATTIDAE

GRYLLOTALPIDAE

GRYLLIDAE

PNEUMONIDAE

TETTIGIDAE

^ ACRIDIDAE

PROSCOPIDAE

LOCUSTOPSIDAE

PROTORTHOPTERA«*PROTOBUTTIDA

Textfigure B

A Chironomid Leaf-Miner

I have recently reared a Chironomid from serpentine mines

in the leaves of semiaquatic species of Mimulus and Veronica,

found at Berkeley, California, and an attempt is now being

made to secure the details for a paper illustrating its life history.

A careful search through the literature reveals no reference to

a leaf-mining habit in the families of the Orthorrhapha. A

recent letter to Dr. J. H. Comstock, which he referred to

Johannsen, brought the statement that no Chironomid was

known to be a leaf-miner although one was known to produce

grooves in leaves. — Wyatt W. Jones.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA *

BY H. H. KEIFER

San Francisco, California

Gelechiid^

Recurvaria bacchariella Keifer, new species

The ground color of this species is cream white; this is over-

laid with shades varying from fuscous to black, usually as a

band across each scale just below the tip. To the unaided eye

the fore wings are almost immaculate, especially the females.

The apical fascia and scale tufts with black dots are the most

conspicuous features under a glass. The holotype is as follows ;

Palpi cream white, second joint somewhat rough and broadly

expanding toward apex, truncate, suffused outwardly and below,

except at base and faintly in middle with fuscous. Terminal joint

short, arising from above center of truncate tip of second, blackish

fuscous annulae somewhat above base and barely below tip. Head

light cream white, smoother on face but becoming rather rough

above; face only slightly overlaid with fuscous except laterally; head

above more evenly overlaid. Basal joint of antennae heavily overlaid

with dark fuscous, stalk annulate with fuscous. Thorax and fore

wings cream white overlaid with fuscous, becoming black in some

places on the wings. Fore wings with very indistinct markings but

with five noticeable scale tufts. A tuft at basal fourth just below

fold cream white, inwardly edged with blackish spot; a very faint

outwardly oblique fascia, inwardly edged blackish, from costa, pass-

ing and disappearing just in front of tuft; at basal fourth just within

costa a faint black spot. Just before middle of wing two opposite

scale tufts; lower one on fold edged inwardly with blackish spot;

upper one slightly above center of disk, edged costally with blackish,

followed by a faint blackish spot; above these and slightly toward

base on costa a faint blackish spot. At apical third two more oppo-

site scale tufts, edged inwardly with blackish and connected by a

cream white fascia; faint blackish spots costally and apically located

from these tufts. From center of wing almost directly below origin

of costal cilia a cream white inwardly oblique fascia to tornus. A

small black spot on apex preceded by one on costa and two evenly

spaced spots on termen. Just beyond these terminal spots a blackish

fuscous line on basal part of cilia. Dorsal cilia very light fuscous

on ground color. Hind wings light fuscous, cilia as in fore wings

but with an ochreous tinge. Legs cream white overlaid with dark

fuscous; hind tibiae with a fuscous line on outer side from base to

middle spurs, rest overlaid with fuscous. Tarsal joints on all legs

cream white on tips and inwardly. Alar expanse: male, 13 female,

12j^ mm.

* Contribution from the California Academy of Science, No. 382.

JANUARY, 1927] KEIFER MICROLEPIDOPTERA

137

Holotype, male No. 2454, and allotype, female, No. 2455,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., reared from larvae on Baccharis pilularis

in San Francisco, California, by the writer, August 25 and

September 14, 1926, respectively. Five paratypes, males and

females, from same locality, dating from August 10 to Sep-

tember 20, 1926. The larvae feed in the terminals destroying

the bud and boring a short distance into the stem. They live

concealed in a short silken gallery often covered with dead

leaves.

Agnippe crinella Keifer, new species

This species, of which the following description is based on

four males, is quite close to Busck’s A. evippella according to

that description, but has differences on the palpi, antennae and

fore wings, and is slightly larger.

Labial palpi white; second joint lightly dusted with blackish fus-

cous on inner side, heavily overlaid outwardly; terminal joint with

black annulus just above base, tip black. Antennas with basal joint

white below, fuscous above; stalk fuscous, alternating darker and

lighter annulas. Head shining white; sides of face and vertex mottled

with black. Thorax whitish, heavily overlaid with dark fuscous;

tegulse same, with ochreous tinged tips. Fore wings whitish over-

laid with dark fuscous; basal two-thirds darker on costal side of fold

(blackish), lighter dorsally, merging into apical third, which is evenly

dusted, intermediate. Costal and dorsal areas separated by a narrow

wavy white line generally on or near fold. Darker costal area pro-

duced across fold onto dorsum in a blunt lobe near base and a second,

larger, just before middle. Between these lobes the separation line is

ochreous tinged. This line ends in an ocellate-like spot (distinct in

one), blackish center, on apical part of discal cell. Cilia from tornus

and dorsum white. Hind wings light grayish fuscous, ochreous at

apex; cilia whitish fuscous. Abdomen whitish, overlaid with fuscous

except anal tuft. Legs white, barred and mottled with fuscous; on

middle and hind tarsi with black. Expanse, 9 to 9^4 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2456, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken at

Oroville, California, by the writer, July 15, 1926. Three male

paratypes with the same data, also in the collection. These

males have a long hair pencil on the base of the hind wing costa.

Gelechia panella Busck

This species is found occasionally at Mill Valley, Marin

County, California. It has been taken there in February, March,

April, August, September, October. There is also a specimen

from Placer County and another from Los Angeles in the

138 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 3

collection. The determination is through the kindness of Miss

Braun.

Gelechia occidentella Chambers

A very common Gelechiid in Marin County, especially in the

late autumn. Indications seem to show that the winter is passed

in the adult stage. Specimens in this collection range from San

Mateo County to Inverness, Marin County, California.

A large series of this species has been reared from live oak,

Quercus agrifolia, by myself, the larvae collected in San Fran-

cisco. These larvae were found from late June to late August.

They live in a slight silken web among the leaves in the rearing

jars and skeletonize the leaves. Pupation takes place in a very

loose cocoon, which is likely spun in crevices of the bark or in

trash. Adults emerged from September 7 to 27, 1926. The

determination is by Miss Braun.

Gnorimoscitema chenopodiella Busck

Chenopodium murale is heavily infested with this species in

the Park in San Francisco. The larvae live concealed in folded

leaves and in the inflorescences. Miss Braun notes that these

adults possess more black on the apical part of the wing than

do eastern specimens.

Micropterygid^

Mnemonica cyanosparsella (Williams)

Eriocrania cyanosparsella (Williams), Ent. News, XIX, p. 14, 1908.

On March 31 and April 1, 1926, a heavy infestation of a

leaf-miner was noticed on live oak, Q. agrifolia, in Golden Gate

Park, San Francisco. These miners were in the new spring

leaves, which were nearly full size. The entire substance

between the upper and lower epidermis was eaten away often

involving the whole leaf.

In these mines were peculiar larvae, somewhat elongate, stiffly

bending themselves from side to side when disturbed. They

soon went into the sand and formed small white cocoons.

A number of adults, emerging from December 6, 1926, to

January 10, 1927, prove this species to be Mnemonica cyano-

sparsella. The tree was heavily infested, undoubtedly an impor-

tant factor in stunting it, as a large proportion of the leaves

were attacked.

JANUARY, 1927]

VAN DUZEE ARADID^

139

NOTES ON WESTERN ARADIDSE *

BJ E. P. VAN DUZEE

San Francisco, California

In 1921 appeared Doctor Parshley's Essay on the American

Species of Aradus in which was recorded what was then known

of our western species of the Aradinae. Of the subfamily

Mezirinae there has been no recent revision of our American

forms. The present paper records certain material accumulated

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences since

1921 in the Aradinse, with somewhat fuller notes on our western

Mezirinae.

1. Aradus vandykei Van Duzee, n. sp.

Allied to apicalis and will run to that species in Parshley’s

key if the sides of the pronotum are considered to be granu-

lated; as a matter of fact they are minutely crenulated as they

are also in apicalis, from which species the present differs in

the flat pronotum, less elevated scutellar margins and short

genital segment of the female. Length, 7 mm.

Female. Vertex wanting the preocular tubercle, otherwise as in

apicalis. Antennas beyond base of segment II obviously thicker than

in apicalis, with segment II longer. Rostrum shorter than in apicalis,

not quite attaining hind margin of prosternum; bucculae less elevated,

its edge scarcely arcuated, in apicalis strongly lobed anteriorly. Pro-

notum shorter, three-fourths the length of the head, transverse,

widest at basal third, anterior and posterior margins feebly exca-

vated; surface nearly flat, transverse impressions feeble, sides scarcely

elevated; edges irregularly granulate or minutely crenate, subparallel

on basal third, thence rectilinear to anterior angles; carinae distinct

and straight. Scutellum a fourth shorter than in apicalis, nearly flat,

subbasal ridge little elevated, sides narrowly recurved nearly to apex.

Elytra as in apicalis, the membrane a little shorter with more slender

veins. Apical lobes of abdomen longer than in apicalis, about twice

as long at the rounded inner angles as at outer angles. Apical ven-

tral segment slightly surpassing apex of seventh tergal segment.

Color blackish fuscous; antennae black, segment I brown; sides of

pronotum scarcely paler, tip of scutellum and legs testaceous yellow,

apex of femora embrowned; elytra yellowish becoming blackish at

apex and on basal and scutellar margins, with a few fuscous marks

on the disk which omit the expanded humeri; abdomen paler tinged

with red, with fuscous granules; rostrum brown.

Holotype, female. No. 2457, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., a unique.

* Contribution from the California Academy of Science, No. 383.

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 21, 1925, on Mount Hood,

Oregon. Here the pronotum has the flattened form we find in

hehrensi, but it is wider posteriorly; it is shaped not at all as

in duzeei. This species has three smooth areas on hind margin

of pronotum, but they are not conspicuously polished, otherwise

it would run to ornatus in Parshley’s key; the form of the pro-

notum will, however, at once distinguish it from that species.

2. Aradus taylori Van Duzee

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, IX, p. 335, 1920.

Mount Hood, Oregon, about 4000 feet, June 23, 1925, one

male taken by Doctor Van Dyke and by him kindly presented

to the Academy. This specimen differs in no way from the type

taken on Vancouver Island.

Doctor Parshley sinks this species as a straight synonym of

proboscideus Walker, but, assuming hubhardi to represent the

true proboscideus, taylori should undoubtedly be retained as a

good species. In taylori the antennae are distinctly thicker, the

preocular tubercle is reduced to a mere granule little larger than

those of the adjoining surface, the postocular tubercle is smaller

and obtuse, the pronotum is widest behind the middle, not

broadly rounded as in hubbardi, the surface is much flatter with

the carinae less prominent; the scutellum is broader and flatter

with the edges and base scarcely elevated, the former not at

all sinuate but very feebly arcuate, becoming almost rectilinear

toward the broader, rounded apex; the elytra are wider, with

their base less expanded and the rostrum is shorter, not pass-

ing the base of the prosternum. The colors in taylori are less

contrasting and the tip of the scutellum is concolorous. This

comparison has been made between the male holotype of taylori

and a male determined as hubbardi by Doctor Parshley, the

latter altogether conspecific with a long series in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences. Taylori is a readily

recognizable species and should be considered as distinct.

3. Aradus patibulus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Recalling curticollis Bergr. but showing many points of differ-

ence. Dark brown, the abdomen uniformly paler, almost reddish

brown, third antennal segment honey-yellow. Length, 8 mm.

Female. Head as long as wide across the eyes; tylus short and

thick; antenniferous tubercles short, nearly attaining middle of seg-

JANUARY, 1927]

VAN DUZEE ARADIDZE

141

ment I, with a distinct lateral tooth; impressions on vertex broad

and deep; preocular and postocular tubercles prominent but obtuse.

Antennas but little shorter than head and pronotum together, stout,

segment I reaching beyond middle of tylus, a little thinner than

anterior femora; II as thick as I, nearly as long as width of vertex

between the eyes; III about two-thirds as long as II, toward base

distinctly thinner than apex of II; IV two-thirds of III and nearly

as wide. Eyes substylate. Pronotum shaped about as in curticollis;

sides basally reflexed, edge coarsely granulate, becoming finely cren-

ate anteriorly; surface flat, anterior field little elevated; granules

confined to lateral areas; median four carinae prominent, lateral sub-

obsolete. Scutellum longer than pronotum, strongly narrowed api-

cally, sides much reflexed. Elytra much narrower than abdomen;

base strongly expanded and reflexed; mesocorium with one strong

transverse vein, endo- and exocorium without veins; membrane uni-

formly wrinkled, with four strong veins. Abdomen suborbicular in

outline, edge even, hind margins of segments slenderly calloused.

Genital lobes less than half as long as wide, regularly arcuate. Ros-

trum attaining middle of anterior coxae. Tibiae with a vague broad

darker median annulus.

Holotype, female, No. 2458, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by Mr. J. O. Martin July 10, 1922, at Martin’s Springs,

Lassen County, California, at 6000 feet elevation. The broadly

oval form with the pale yellowish third antennal segment will

readily distinguish this interesting species. As in the case of

uandykei, the type is unfortunately unique.

Mezirin^

4. Mezira mcesta Stal

The examination of a long series of specimens placed under

this name in the collection of the Academy of Sciences discloses

two quite distinct species, which, however, have the same size,

color and general aspect. In one, evidently the true mcesta Stal,

the apical process of the head just passes the middle of the first

antennal segment; segments II and IV are subequal and about

one-third shorter than I, while III is but little longer than I and

cylindrical. Head, pronotum, scutellum and middle area of

sixth tergite coarsely granulate; broad expanded margins of

the tergum coarsely rugose-punctate; genital plates of female

prominent, rounded, almost attaining apex of genital valves,

the latter produced in a blunt angle beyond the oviduct. In the

male the genital segment is prominent, almost bulbous, with

the lateral lobes small and ligulate. Venter closely rugose with

a row of rounded smooth spots, two on a segment, at the stig-

142 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

mata, a similar geminate row within this and three single rows

on the disk, the spots of the median row elongated.

This species is found from Monroe, Washington, to the

Mexican boundary, especially along the foothills of the Sierra

and Coast Range, attaining an elevation of 6000 feet in places.

It seems to be the only species found along the coastal belt.

5. Mezira reducta Van Duzee, n. sp.

Like mcesta in all superficial characters. Antennae rather shorter

and stouter; segment I thicker, scarcely surpassing the rather deeply

cleft frontal prominence, III as long as I and II together, IV obvi-

ously longer than I; postocular tubercles thick, subacute; membrane

black, more closely reticulated and wanting the pale basal spot

usually found in mcesta ; sides of tergum more minutely rugose-

punctate than in mcesta. Genital plates of female shorter, semicircular

in outline; genital valves scarcely exceeding the oviduct, about equal-

ing the plates; male genital segment broader. Other characters

essentially as in mcesta. Length, 7.5 to 8 mm.

Holotype, male. No. 2459, and allotype, female. No. 2460,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. J. O. Martin, May 19,

1922, at Facht, Lassen County, California, Paratypes same

data and Stevenson’s Creek, Fresno County, California, August

24, 1916 (F. E. Blaisdell) ; Carrville, Trinity County, Cali-

fornia, June 19, 1913 (E. C. Van Dyke)' Plumas County, Cali-

fornia, November 16, 1917 (E. R. Leach). Described from a

series of forty specimens. This species seems to be close to

rugicollis Champion, but I cannot believe it the same. It seems

to be more northern in its distribution. The shorter, thicker

first antennal segment and shorter, rounded female genital lobes

will readily distinguish it from mcesta.

6. Mezira granulata Say

Mount Lemon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, 7000 feet,

July 26, 1924, under bark of pine logs. The short broad scu-

tellum will distinguish this form from mcesta and its allies.

7. Mezira emarginata Say

A long series of this species was taken by Mr. J. A. Kusche

at Needles, California, November 27 to December 4, 1921.

8. Neuroctenus simplex Uhler

Mr. C. D. Duncan has taken this species under bark of oak

at Alford, Wise County, Texas, August 18, 1921.

JANUARY^ 1927] ALEXANDER TIPULID^

143

UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF TIPULID^ FROM

UTAH (DIPTERA)

BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER

Amherst, Massachusetts

The following undescribed species of crane-flies were included

in a small series of specimens collected in Utah by Dr. James G.

Needham and kindly sent to me for identification. The names

are published in this preliminary paper in order to make them

available for Doctor Needham’s forthcoming report on the food

of certain fishes. The types of the novelties have been deposited

in the Cornell University collection. I wish to express my deep

thanks to Doctor Needham for this kindly interest and for

very many favors in the past.

Limnophila nemoptera Alexander, new species

Female. Length, 6.5 mm.; wing, 2.9 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum very short, pale; palpi brown, all segments very short.

Antenna with but fifteen segments, the last two more or less fused;

flagellar segments oval, gradually decreasing in size outwardly; basal

segment of scape pale, the remainder of the organ dark brown. Head

brown, paling into brownish yellow on the gense.

Thorax yellow, the anterior median portion of the prsescutum a

little darkened. Halteres pale. Legs relatively long and slender;

coxae pale, the middle and hind coxae elongated; trochanters obscure

yellow; femora, tibi^ and basitarsi pale, the tips a little iiifuscated;

terminal tarsal segments uniformly blackened. Wings reduced to

long, narrow strips, pale yellow, with only the distal sixth or less

weakly iiifuscated; wings longer than the combined head and thorax

and about three times as long as the halteres alone; venation entirely

degenerate.

Abdominal tergites brownish yellow with a dorso-median brown

longitudinal stripe on the fourth to seventh tergites, including the

caudal margins of the segments; basal sternites yellow, the outer

ones a little darker with infuscated caudal margins; genital segment

yellow. Ovipositor with the tergal valves rather angularly upturned

opposite the level of the tips of the sternal valves.

Holotype, $ , Peterson’s Spring, Utah, one of the sources

of the Logan River, altitude about 7500 feet, July 20, 1926

(J. G. Needham).

Limnophila nemoptera belongs to the group of subapterous

species hitherto represented in the Western Nearctic fauna by

L. aspidoptera Coquillett (New Mexico) and L. subaptera

Alexander (California), distinguished by the presence of but

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

fifteen antennal segments and highly degenerate wings in both

sexes, so far as these latter are both known. The present spe-

cies is well distinguished by its small size and generally pale

coloration, with a distinct darker stripe on the abdominal ter-

gites. It is most closely related to L. subaptera in having the

wings long and narrow, much exceeding the halteres.

Psiloconopa mormon Alexander, new species

Male. Length, about 4-4.5 mm.; wing, 4-5.5 mm. Female.

Length about 5-6 mm. ; wing, 5 mm.

Described from alcoholic specimens. General coloration

brownish black, this including the head and appendages, thorax

and abdomen.

Antennae ( 6 ) relatively elongate, if bent backward extending about

to the base of the abdomen; flagellar segments elongate-oval, becom-

ing shorter outwardly, the terminal segment abruptly smaller.

Halteres pale. Legs black, the femoral bases restrictedly paler.

Wings of normal length and width, tinged with grayish brown, the

stigmal region very faintly darker; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc-^

ending shortly beyond the fork of Rsj Sc^ not apparent; Rs elongate;

r a little more than its own length beyond the origin of R^] cell

1st M„ open by the atrophy of m; cell M„ about twice its petiole; vein

2nd A straight, relatively long, ending opposite the origin of Rs.

Male hypopygium with the basistyles relatively short and stout,

their outer faces only sparsely setiferous, the mesal faces densely pro-

vided with setae. Outer dististyle gently arcuated, with a blunt spine

on margin before midlength. Inner dististyle a little more than one-

half the length of the outer, stout, straight, the outer face densely

set with erect to subretrorse setae. Gonapophyses longer than the

aedeagus, nearly straight, their tips a little incurved. yEdeagus sub-

tended on either side by a broad flange that becomes narrower

outwardly.

In the female the antennae are shorter, the outer flagellar segments

short-oval. Legs shorter and stouter.

Holotype, $ , Logan River, Utah, altitude about 5500 feet,

June 23, 1926 (J. G. Needham). Allotopotype, 2. Paratypes,

5 6 2.

A small group of dark-colored Eriopterini that have been

placed hitherto in Erioptera are now transferred to the genus

Psiloconopa Zetterstedt, the members of which until now were

recognized only from the Palsearctic Region. The genus is still

poorly understood, and in the European fauna rather discordant

elements have been associated in the group. The late Doctor

Bergroth and other authorities considered Psiloconopa to be

very close to Gnophomyia Osten Sacken, but Crampton’s very

JANUARY, 1927] ALEXANDER — TIPULID^

145

important work on the thoracic sclerites of the Eriopterine

Tipulidse (Insec, Inscit. Menst,, 13: 197-213; 1925), has shown

the genus to be most closely allied to Erioptera, of which it

may eventually be held to constitute only a subgenus. The

Nearctic species, all western in distribution, that have been

described as species of Erioptera but apparently refer to the

present group are as follows: P. laticeps Alexander (Cali-

fornia), P. pilipennis Alexander (Oregon), and a group of

arctic and subarctic species from Alaska and the Canadian

northwest; P. angustipennis Alexander, P. katmai Alexander,

P. alaskensis Alexander, and P. aldrichi Alexander.

The White-Lined Sphinx

The white-lined sphinx, Celerio lineata (Fabr.), is often

abundant in the desert areas of southern California. I have

repeatedly taken great numbers of the adults about lights, but

not until last spring did I run across the larvae in such abun-

dance. After turning on to the Palm Springs highway at White

Water, and continuing across the Southern Pacific railroad

beyond Palm Springs station, the caterpillars were observed

crossing the macadam highway in increasingly greater numbers

as far as the bridge which crosses the wash near the hills,

beyond which none was to be found. In examining the infested

area the larvae were everywhere and literally swarmed over the

sand.

They varied in length from two inches to five inches. The

black and orange color phase greatly predominated, and only

rarely could the black and green individuals be found. Many

of them were very restless and were crawling about over the

hot sand in great haste. Those which attempted to cross the

smooth road were rolled over and over long distances by a

strong wind, but as soon as they regained their feet they were

off again and. as often in the opposite direction. All threw them-

selves violently and exuded an abundance of green excrement

when touched, so that the large jarful that I brought home was

collected by means of a stick and a tin can.

They were feeding chiefly upon a desert primrose {CEnothera

sp.) which was abundant at that season (March 30, 1926). All

of these plants were either partially or entirely defoliated. They

were also observed to feed on locoweed {Astragalus sp.) and

desert malva {Sphceralcea ambigua Gray?), — E, O. Essig.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. III^ NO. 3

FOUR NEW DOLICHOPIDS IN THE COLLECTION OF

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

BuffalOj Ne^ York

Paraclius magnicornis Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.2 mm. Face narrow, silvery white. Palpi black.

Front green, dulled with brownish pollen. Antennas black; third

joint large, twice as long as wide, rounded at tip, arista inserted near

its base.

Thorax and abdomen green; pleurae and sides of abdomen with

thick white pollen. Hypopygium black, long and slender, its lamellae

small, oval, a little longer than wide, pale brown with the edges

blackish, fringed with a few black hairs.

All coxae, femora, tarsi and the hind tibiae black; extreme tips of

coxae and the trochanters yellow; anterior tibiae yellow, middle ones

dark yellowish; hairs and bristles of coxae black. Tarsi plain; joints

of fore tarsi as 16-5-5-4-5; first two joints of middle ones as 26-19;

those of posterior pair as 22-26-21-14-9. Calypters and halteres

yellow, the former with black cilia.

Wings dark gra 3 dsh, veins black; costa not at all thickened; bend

in last section of fourth vein beyond the tip of the fifth vein; last

section of fifth vein 22, cross-vein 9/50 of a millimeter long.

Type, male, No. 1881, Mus. Calif, Acad. Sci., taken by C. L.

Fox, July 20, 1925, at Lewiston, Idaho.

A very small species with black legs, very slender hypopy-

gium, small oval lamellae and large, oval third antennal joint.

Paraclius keiferi Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 4 mm. Face and palpi covered with white pollen,

face wide. Front nearly opaque with brown pollen, the ground color

green. Antennae black, third joint small, nearly round, scarcely

pointed at tip. Lateral and inferior orbital cilia white.

Thorax green with three bronze brown vittae on the dorsum, the

median one distinct and reaching the scutellum, which is bronze

colored; pleura with thick white pollen. Abdomen blue-black with

black incisures and abundant white pollen on the sides, which extends

over the dorsum, leaving a broad median stripe blackish blue.

Hypopygium and its lamellae black, the latter sessil, somewhat

pointed at tip, fringed with short yellow hairs. A slender inner

appendage inserted near the base of the lamellae is curved on basal

half, widens a little beyond the curve, then tapers to a point, apical

part fringed with very short hair, this appendage extends nearly to

the tip of the lamellae.

Coxae, femora and tibiae blue-black, tarsi black; fore and middle

tibiae without a bristle below, the former with only small, the latter

JANUARY, 1927] VAN DUZEE DOLICEIOPIDS

147

with strong bristles' above; tarsi with a little spine at the tip of each

joint. Joints of fore tarsi as 26-9-6-5-8; those of posterior pair as

28-26-20-17-12. Calypters and halteres yellow, the former with black

cilia.

Wings dark grayish, tinged with brown, especially in front; costa

not at all thickened; last section of fifth vein a little shorter than the

cross-vein; bend in last section of fourth vein the length of the cross-

vein beyond that vein.

Female. Like the male in form and color of head, thorax, legs,

and wings; abdomen more steel-blue.

Type, male. No. 1882, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by H. H.

Keifer, June 4, 1925, on Cedros Island, Lower California;

allotype, female. No. 1883, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and four

paratypes taken at the same time and place.

Rhaphium (Xiphandrium) aequalis Van Duzee

new species

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face moderately wide, silvery white. Palpi

black. Front violet. First antennal joint black (other joints missing

in type). Orbital cilia white.

Thorax and abdomen green with bronze and coppery reflections;

hair on upper surface of abdomen black, that on the sides yellow

and quite long. FLypopygium blackish green with pale hair; its

lamellae elongate triangular, slender, black, fringed with pale hair,

with the petiole pale and placed nearly at right angles to apical part.

(I can see no inner appendages.)

All coxae black, anterior pair narrowly yellow at tip and covered

with long white hair; middle coxae with a whitish thorn at tip; all

femora and fore and middle tibiae yellow; upper edge of anterior

femora, tip of posterior ones and the whole of hind tibiae and tarsi

black, fore and middle tarsi black with their base yellow; middle

femora ciliated with yellow hairs, which are as long as the width of

the femora and end in a slender black bristle; first joint of fore tarsi

very slightly widened at tip; joints of fore tarsi as 24-10-8-7-5; those

of middle pair as 30-15-8-3-5; joints of posterior pair as 26-25-20-15-9.

Calypters, their cilia and the halteres pale yellow.

Wings grayish, tinged with brown in front of third vein, which is

bent backward at tip so as to approach fourth vein, the latter ending

in the apex of the wing; last section of fifth vein twice as long as the

cross-vein.

Type, male. No. 1884, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by C. L.

Fox, July 25, 1925, at Moscow, Idaho. This is very much like

triangidatum Van Duzee, but differs in having the hypopygial

lamellae black, hind tibise wholly deep black and the first and

second joints of hind tarsi of very nearly equal length.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 3

Dolichopus oregonensis Van Duzee, new species

Male. A bright green species with blue reflections, black

hypopygial lamellae and black femora. Length, 5 mm.

Face rather narrow, silvery white, a little yellowish on upper half.

Palpi black with black hair. Antennae wholly black, third joint about

as long as wide, a little pointed at tip. Front blue or blue-green.

Orbital cilia wholly black.

Abdomen with more blue than the thorax, both without pollen.

Hypopygium blue-black, rather long; its lamellae quite large, some-

what crescent-shaped as in Gymnopternus, middle of the outer edge

with two large branched bristles, brown with the edges and apical

half black.

Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi wholly black; hairs and bristles of

coxae black; hind femora ciliated with long hairs on lower posterior

edge, these hairs scarcely as long as the width of the femora, appear-

ing pale in certain lights; fore tibiae with two bristles near the middle

of lower posterior edge; middle tibiae with one bristle beyond the

middle of lower surface; fore tarsi as long as their tibi^, their first

joint as long as the four following taken together; middle tarsi with

first joint as long as the following three together and without a

bristle; first and second joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length.

Calypters black at base, dark yellow apically, with black cilia; knobs

of halteres yellow; petiole black.

Wings dark grayish; costa with a very slight enlargement at tip

of first vein; bend in last section of fourth vein moderate, nearly

opposite tip of fifth vein; hind margin of wing not indented at tip

of fifth vein; anal angle not very prominent.

Type, male. No. 1885, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by C. L.

Fox, June 8, 1924, on Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake, Oregon.

One paratype was taken at the same place and time.

This would run to paluster Melander and Brues, in the table

of species in the National Museum Bulletin No. 116, 1921. It

differs from that species in having only one preapical bristle

on fore and middle femora, the face silvery white, and in the

form of the hypopygial lamellae. It also differs from fortis

Aldrich, which would run to the same species, in having the

face silvery white and in the form of the lamellae. In both

paluster and fortis the face is yellowish brown or brownish, but

fortis has only one preapical bristle, while paluster has two.

A CORRECTION

Professor Cockerell calls attention to an error on page 80

of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist, where the name Panurgus

melanocephalus should read Panurginus melanocephalus.

JANUARY, 1927 ] FOX TRIP TO ENGLAND

149

NOTES ON A TRIP TO ENGLAND

BY C. L, FOX

The following is an entomological outline of a three months’

visit to England in the summer of 1926 where I collected in

many districts and came into contact with several interesting

British entomologists. This I was enabled to do through the

kind hospitality and aid of members of my family circle.

I left San Francisco on June 20. Stopping over at Chicago

I called at the Field Museum, meeting Mr. William J. Gerhard,

Mr. A. B. Wolcott and Mr. E. Liljeblad and, through their

courtesy, being given an opportunity to examine the Bembicine

wasps of that collection. On June 26 I sailed from New York,

landing at Plymouth on July 3.

At the rooms of the Entomological Society of London, I

met Mr. W. G. Sheldon, treasurer, who procured for me a

permit from the National Trust to enter the Wicken Fen

Reserve in Cambridgeshire, where later I spent four enjoyable

days collecting. At the rooms of this society I also met Mr.

H. J. Turner, who kindly gave me information I required on

certain matters.

At the British Museum (Natural History) at South Ken-

sington, I met Dr. C. J. Gahan, director of the entomological

department, and Dr, James Waterston, head of the department

of Plymenoptera, who showed me the large and excellent collec-

tions of Nomada bees and Bembicine wasps from all over the

world, and gave me many of Mr, R. E. Turner’s papers on the

latter group. In other departments I had an interview with

Mr. C. J. Arrow and Mr, F. Laing, both of whom kindly

agreed to enter into correspondence and exchange, the former

with Mr. E. R. Leach in Scarabiidse and Lucanidse, and the

latter with Mr. Dudley Moulton in Thrips.

Passing through Hertfordshire, I called upon Dr, K. Jordan

at the Tring Museum, meeting also the owner. Lord Rothschild.

On a second visit the following month. Doctor Jordan gave

me another interesting time, showing me certain wonderful

groups of the Lepidoptera collected from all over the world,

and the late Hon. N. C. Rothschild’s noted flea collection, now

owned by the British Museum.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

On February 22, 1927, Mr. Louis S. Slevin of Carmel, Cali-

fornia, presented to the California Academy of Sciences his

valuable collection of beetles under conditions similar to those

under which the Academy received the Van Dyke and Blaisdell

collections. Mr. Slevin is retaining for reference at his home

a representative series of certain of the species found about

Carmel to assist him in further studies on those and related

forms. Mr. Slevin’s collection is the fruit of many years of

careful collecting in Monterey County, biologically one of the

most interesting in California. This collection, estimated to con-

tain over 20,000 specimens, will make a most valuable addition

to the Academy’s collection of insects.

It is with sincere regret that we chronicle the death of Mr.

J. C. Huguenin, which occurred at his home in San Francisco,

December 7, 1926. Mr. Huguenin was born at Chaux-de-Fonds,

Switzerland, December 20, 1840, so at the time of his death

he was almost 86 years of age. From his youth he was a lover

of Nature, his chief interest in his earlier years being more

particularly in the birds. His work in entomology began in the

collection of butterflies about San Francisco, and led to his

becoming a member of the California Entomological Club (later

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society) at its second meeting

on November 15, 1901. From that time on his interest in the

Society and its objects never flagged. About a year ago Mr.

Huguenin gave to the Academy all his collection of insects

excepting the butterflies, in which he retained an active interest

to the last. A fuller sketch of Mr. Huguenin’s life will be

published in the next number of the Proceedings of the Pacific

Coast Entomological Society.

Correspondents of Mr. J. O. Martin will kindly note that

he has recently removed to 2617 Derby Street, Berkeley, Cali-

fornia. He expects to start about the middle of April for the

“Great Bend” country in southern Texas where he will spend

a couple of months collecting insects for the California Academy

of Sciences. i

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts, Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

For Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST

BY W. G. WRIGHT

The California Academy of Sciences still has on hand a few

copies of the second edition of this book, published in 1906, which

it is offering for sale at $10 per copy, in cloth binding. The thirty-

two plates, in royal 8vo, are beautifully printed in three colors

and accurately represent nearly every known species of western

butterfly, usually showing upper and lower surfaces and both sexes

where they differ. The Academy is also selling the plates of this

work alone in cloth binding for $3.50. The money secured from

the sale of these books is used only for the purchase of books on

Lepidoptera for the Academy library.

Address.- CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California

Vol. Ill

April, 1927

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

COCKERELL, BEES OF THE GENERA AGAPOSTEMON AND AUGOCHLORA . . 153

KEIFER, CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA, II 162

BLAISDELL, MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE COLEOPTERA, II 163

FERRIS AND NISSEN, LARVA OF A SPECIES OF THE CASSIDIDiE .... 169

HOOD, SYNONYMY OF SOME THYSANOPTERA 173

TANNER, ORTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA FROM UTAH 178

GAHAN, DESCRIPTION OF A NEW MYMARID^ 180

SPRUYT, NOTES ON ALAPTUS PSOCIDIVORUS GAKAN 182

KNOWLTON, NOTES ON A FEW AMPHOROPHORA 185

HARDY AND PREECE, FURTHER NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE 187

ESSIG, INSECTS FROM THE ADOBE WALLS OF THE OLD MISSIONS OF LOWER

CALIFORNIA 194

WOODWORTH, TILLYARD’S INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND . . 195

VAN DYKE, THE SPECIES OF AMPHIZOA 197

KNOWLTON, A NEW WILLOW APHID FROM UTAH 199

EDITORIAL 200

INDEX TO VOLUME III 201

San Francisco, California

1927

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada; $2.25 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

be sent to the treasurer, Dr. Stanley B. Freeborn, University

Farm, Davis, California. Make checks pa3’-able to the “Pan-

Pacific Entomologist.”

Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for the

back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publica-

tion if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

R. A. Doane

Grant Wallace

G. F. Ferris

E. C. Van Dyke

REGIONAL MEMBERS

W. W. Henderson, Logan, Utah

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

THE

Pan- Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME THREE

July, 1926, to April, 1927

San Francisco, California

CONTENTS

Alexander, C. P.

Three Undescribed Eriopterine Crane-Flies from

California 77

Undescribed Species of Tipulidae from Utah 143

Barnes, Wm. and Benjamin, F. H.

A New Xylomiges from California 12

New Species of Coloradia 13

Synon 3 nnic Notes on Arctiidae 16

A New Form of Sabulodes cabarata Gn 41

Generic Synonymy 64

A New Subspecies of Euparthenos nubilis... 74

Generic Notes 110

Blaisdell, F. E,

Miscellaneous Studies in the Coleoptera, No. 2 163

Borden, A. D.

Some Comparatively New Apple Insect Pests in Cali-

fornia 91

Cockerell, T. D. A.

An Interesting New Bee from California 58

Some Bees in the Collection of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences 80

Bees of the Genera Agapostemon and Augochlora in

the Collection of the California Academy of Sciences 153

Cottle, J. E.

Euphydryas quino Behr 75

Crampton, G. C.

The Abdominal Structures of the Orthopteroid Family

Grylloblattidae and the Relationships of the Group.... 115

Essig, E. O.

The Madrona Aphis 42

Some Insects from the Adobe Walls of the Old Mis-

sions of Lower California 194

Fall, H. C.

Additions to the List of Alaskan Coleoptera taken in

the Summer of 1924 59

Ferris, G. F. and Nissen, E. W.

The Larva of a Species of Cassididae 169

Ill

Flanders, Stanley E.

Insect Enemies of the Codling Moth in the Vicinity of

Ventura, California 44

Variations in the Seasonal Development of the Wal-

nut Codling Moth and Its Host as Influenced by

Temperature — - 93

Fox, C. L.

Notes on a Trip to England 149

Gahan, A. B.

Description of a New Species of Mymaridse Parasitic

in Psocid Eggs 180

Hardy, G. A. and Preece, W. H, A.

Notes on Some Species of Cerambycidae from the

Southern Portion of Vancouver Island, B. C 34

Further Notes on Some Species of Cerambycidae from

the Southern Portion of Vancouver Island, B. C.,

with Descriptions of some New Varieties 187

Hood, J. D.

On the Synonymy of Some Thysanoptera Occurring

in California 173

Keifer, H. H.

California Microlepidoptera, I 136

California Microlepidoptera, H 162

Knaus, W.

A Washington Record for Cicindela westbournei

Wallis 114

Knowlton, G. F.

Notes on a Few Amphorophora of Utah 185

A New Willow Aphid from Utah 199

McGregor, E. A.

A device for Determining the Relative Degree of In-

sect Occurrence 29

Moulton, Dudley

New California Thysanoptera with Notes on Other

Species 19

Spruyt, F. J.

Notes on Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan, a New Species

of Mymaridse 182

Van Duzee, E. P.

Typhlocyba vs. Eupteryx 45

Notes on Western Aradidae 139

Van Duzee, M. C.

The Genus Micropeza in North America 1

A Table of the North American Species of Hydro-

phorus with Description of a New Species 4

Four Dolichopids in the Collection of the California

Academy of Sciences 146

Van Dyke, E. C.

A New Species of Amphizoa 97

New Species and Subspecies of West American

Cerambycidae - 99

The Species of Amphizoa 197

Winters, F. C.

Notes on the Hydrobiini of Boreal America 49

Woodworth, C. W.

“The Insects of Australia and New Zealand” 195

Wright, W. S.

A New Geometer from San Diego County 113

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. Ill, No. 4

April, 1927

BEES OF THE GENERA AGAPOSTEMON AND

AUGOCHLORA IN THE COLLECTION OF

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF

SCIENCES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

The brilliant green bees belonging to these genera are among

the most attractive in our fauna.

Genus Agapostemon (Guerin) F. Smith

Agapostemon coloradensis Crawford, 1901

Females. Utah: Salt Lake City, July 1 (Van Duzee) ;

Mount Timpanogos, 8-9000 feet, June 6 (Van Dyke).

Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius)

The names nigricornis (Fabricius), vitreus (Harris) and

hicolor Robertson refer to the same species.

Females. New York: Ithaca, September 15 (Van Dyke) ;

Utah: Garfield, June 28 (Van Duzee) ; Oregon: Corvallis,

June 11 (Van Duzee).

Agapostemon martini Cockerell, n. sp.

Female (type). Length about or nearly 11 mm.; head and thorax

emerald green with white pubescence; abdomen black with very

broad and conspicuous bands of creamy white tomentum. Closely

allied to ^virescens (Fabr.), but the hind tibiae have no band of dark

fuscous hair on outer side, and the posterior truncation of meta-

thorax lacks the well-defined transverse ridges. The base of the

mandibles is black or almost so, instead of dull yellow. The basal

hair on first abdominal segment is much more dense. The anterior

margin of the clypeus is entirely black.

Male. Superficially like A. virescens but differing thus: green of

head and thorax yellower, the face golden green; hair of face and

thorax above tinged with fulvous; scape yellow with a black stripe

behind; anterior and middle femora entirely yellow; trochanters

yellow; venter of abdomen mainly yellow, last segment not keeled

apically. The moderately stout hind femora are toothed below.

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Type, female, No. 2461, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by J. O. Martin, August 2, 1924, at Patagonia, Arizona.

Paratypes: Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona, O. C. Poling (pre-

sented by C. L. Fox), females August 18, October, males,

August 10, 18, 20.

Agapostemon melliventris Cresson

Females. California: Palm Springs, March 25 (J. O.

Martin); Coachella, May (Van Duzee). Males. California:

San Pedro, October 25 (G. R. Pilate) ; Needles, November

and December (J. A. Kusche). The San Pedro males have

the black bands on abdomen averaging broader than in those

from Needles. The latter are typical of the species.

Agapostemon splendens Lepeletier

Females. Ohio: Cedar Point, Sandusky, June 30 (Van

Duzee).

Agapostemon epichryseus Cockerell, n. sp.

Male. Size and general appearance of A. digueti Ckll., differing

thus: head and thorax above with abundant erect light golden hair;

face broader; clypeus shorter; antennae more robust and moniliform,

black above, beneath yellowish ferruginous with the bases of the

joints dusky; mesothorax densely granular, dull; base of metathorax

bluer green, shorter and more rugulose; nervures darker; wings

dusky at apex; middle and hind tibiae with well-defined brown bands

on basal part; abdomen with five yellow bands, separated by equally

broad black ones; base of first segment black, but at extreme base

with two large reddish yellow spots; venter orange with reddish

bands, no special structural characters. Hind femora simple.

Type, male. No. 2462, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by

Albert Koebele in Morelos, Mexico, and presented to the

Academy by Mr. W. M. Giffard.

This is certainly distinct from the closely allied A. digueti

and A. melliventris. In Vachal’s table it conies nearest to

A. leunculus (Vachal), but that has the basal half of the first

abdominal segment all black, and nothing is said of any red-

dish or golden hair above. Also our insect has the hind coxae

bright green above, not black. It also appears to resemble

A. sulfuripes Friese from Costa Rica, but that really belongs

to a different group with metallic color on abdominal bands and

the hair whitish. The color of the dorsal pubescence suggests

that this may be the male of A. vulpicolor Crawford from

APRIL, 1927]

COCKERELL AGAPOSTEMON

155

Costa Rica, but the latter has duskier wings and the first recur-

rent nervure much nearer the end of second cubital cell.

Agapostemon cockerelli Crawford

Females. Arizona: Baboquivari Mountains, July 10, August

5 and 20 (O. C. Poling) ; two miles east of Oracle, July 24

(Van Duzee) ; fourteen miles east of Oracle, July 27 (J. O.

Martin). Utah: King Station, Davis County, July 24 (Van

Duzee).

Males. The male has not been described, but I refer here

two specimens collected in Arizona: Baboquivari Mountains,

August (O. C. Poling), and Utah: Zion National Park (Argus

Mountain, Woodberry). The Arizona one has the yellow band

on clypeus with pointed projection above, lacking in the Utah

specimen. The latter may possibly be distinct.

This male is very like several others and especially allied to

A. cyanozonus Ckll. The salient characters are; Head and thorax

emerald green vv^ith pure white hair; scape black with yellow line or

stripe in front; flagellum yellowish ferruginous beneath, black above;

fourth antennal joint not quite as long as second and third combined;

mesothorax excessively densely punctured, dullish; base of meta-

thorax rugose but without well-defined plicae, a median triangle bluer

green than the rest; coxae green; trochanters black (or first four with

a little yellow) ; all femora and tibiae with black marks, small but

distinct on outer side of hind tibi^; hind femora moderately stout,

toothed; wings h3mline, second cubital cell broader than high. Abdo-

men with five yellow bands, the black bands between as broad as the

yellow, posteriorly more or less blue; venter yellowish with strong

reddish suffusion, first segment with green in middle apically emargi-

nate; fourth with a thickened black curved callus, interrupted in

middle; last without keel. The dorsal pubescence on apical segments

light.

In Crawford’s table this runs to A. texanus Cresson except

that the hind tibiae are not heavily marked with black. This

is a variable character, but A. cockerelli does not have the large

green triangular space on fourth ventral segment seen in

texanus. The latter is also a larger insect.

Agapostemon vandykei (Cockerell)

Females. California: Yosemite Valley, June 8 (Van Dyke) ;

Carrville, Trinity County, July 6 (Van Dyke). I described this

as a race of A. texanus, but I think it may stand as a distinct

species.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Agapostemon angelicus Cockerell

This species, described from Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf

of California, proves to have a wide range, even to Santa Fe,

New Mexico.

Females. Arizona: Douglas, May 15 (J. I. Carlson) ; two

miles east of Oracle, July 24 (Van Duzee) ; Warren, Cochise

County, June 7 (J. I. Carlson) ; Prescott, June 7 (J. A. Kusche).

Nezv Mexico: Santa Fe, July 21 (Van Dyke) ; Santa Fe Canon,

July 23 (Van Dyke).

Males. The male has not been described. I refer here, not

without some hesitation, the following specimens : Arizona:

Grand Canon, July 26 (Van Dyke). Utah: Saltair, July 12

(Van Duzee). California: Needles, December 11 (J. A.

Kusche) .

The male has the mesothorax green, granular and dullish, as in

males of texanus. The Grand Canon one is a little larger and has

the scape wholly black, whereas the others have a yellow line on the

scape. Male A. calif ornicus varies in the scape in the same manner.

The trochanters are black suffused with green (especially the hind

ones) and the hind tibiae have a dark mark on outer side, characters

of A. fasciatus Crawf., but that has the scape entirely yellow in front

and the first abdominal segment yellow basally instead of broadly

black as in the male now described. A. fasciatus also has the abdomi-

nal bands black, whereas they are posteriorly blue in the present

form. There are five yellow bands on abdomen; pubescence of apical

segment light; hind femora of the moderately thickened type, with

tooth; last ventral segment without median carina, except a faint

one, not apical, in Grand Canon specimen; yellow band on clypeus

with evident dentiform angle above.

These characters together exclude the species from Craw-

ford’s table, but it falls close to A. texanus, as the male of

A. angelicus should. The rugae at base of metathorax are not

as distinct as in female A. angelicus. The latter, however, is

variable and some specimens approach A. texanus. Perhaps

A. angelicus is to be regarded as a subspecies of A. texanus, but

if the male is correctly referred it seems to emphasize the

distinctness.

Agapostemon borealis Crawford, 1901

Females. Washington: Seattle, June 19 (Van Duzee). The

dorsal thoracic hair varies from distinctly yellow to practically

APRIL, 1927]

COCKERELL AGAPOSTEMON

157

white. The separation of this species from texanus subtilior

becomes difficult, and I am not sure that A. borealis is really

a distinct thing. There seems to be no essential difference in

the base of the metathorax, nor in size. The single type of

borealis was rather large (12 mm.).

Agapostemon texanus Cresson

Females. Arizona: Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County,

March 26 (V. W. Owen). Utah: Heber, July 5 (Van Duzee) ;

Salt Lake City, June 9 (Van Dyke), June 25, July 23 (Van

Duzee).

Agapostemon texanus subtilior Cockerell

Females. Utah: Logan, July 14, (Van Duzee) ; Vivian Park,

July 7 (Van Duzee). Oregon: Hood River, June 12 (Van

Dyke) .

This form was described in Entomological News, ix (1898),

p. 27, from Washington State. It looks distinct when com-

pared with typical A. texanus, but in the Rocky Mountain

region intermediates occur so that it is difficult to say where

subtilior leaves off and texanus begins. It is thus the weakest

of the A. texanus segregates, unless the male can be shown to

differ in its structural characters. From Eldora, Colorado, I

have what I regard as male A. texanus subtilior, and in Psyche,

1910, p. 244, I have given the differences from A. texanus.

Agapostemon radiatus Say

Females. Colorado: North Cheyenne Canon, Colorado

Springs, June 27 (Van Dyke), unusually slender. New York:

Ithaca, July 14 (Van Dyke).

In Entomological News, ix, p. 27, I note: “Mr. Kincaid sent

eighteen examples of A. radiatus, all from Pasco (Wash-

ington). The Pasco examples are larger and bluer than the

Illinois form of radiatus.” These supposed radiatus were

undoubtedly A. femoratus Crawford, not then described.

Agapostemon femoratus Crawford

Crawford describes this from Washington, California, and

Idaho. As he does not indicate which is the type locality I will

designate Palo Alto, California.

Males. California: Huntington Lake, Fresno County, 7000

feet, July 4-24 (Van Duzee) ; Stockton, August 29 (Van

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Duzee) ; hills back of Oakland, August 2 (Van Dyke).

Females. California: Panoche Canon, Fresno County, April

29 (Van Dyke) ; Diablo, May 13 (Van Duzee) ; Bradley,

April 20 (Van Duzee) ; Panoche Hills, Merced County, April

29 (Van Dyke) ; Alameda County foothills (W. M. Giffard) ;

Dulzura, San Diego County, April 10 (J. I. Carlson) ; Hunt-

ington Lake, July 8 and 16 (Van Duzee). Oregon: Warner

Mountains, Lake County, June 20, 21 (Van Dyke). Idaho:

Payette, June 29 (Van Dyke). A yellower green than the

Oregon specimens, the color practically as in A. radiatus, but

size of A. femoratus.

The female is larger and usually bluer than in A. radiatus,

but would hardly be considered a different species but for the

distinct male with remarkably swollen hind femora. Crawford

reports A. radiatus from California, but no particulars are

given.

Agapostemon californicus Crawford

Crawford does not specify the type locality; I choose from

those he cites Pacific Grove, California. His supposed female

of this species from Moscow, Idaho, is something else, perhaps

a form of A. femoratus. The true female is very close to

A. t exanus. The male has a very blue thorax.

Males. California: Pacific Grove, September (Blaisdell) ;

Mesa Grande, Sonoma County, July 14 (Blaisdell) ; Tomales

Bay, September 9 (Van Dyke) ; Santa Monica, September

(F. C. Clark) ; San Francisco, September 8 (Van Duzee) ;

Millbrae, September 1 (Van Dyke, Blaisdell) ; hills back of

Oakland, August 2 (Van Dyke, Giffard) ; Carmel, August 20

(L. S. Slevin) ; Santa Barbara (Giffard) ; Alameda (Koebele) ;

Concord (Ethel Crumb).

Females. California: Claremont (C. H. Muzzall) ; Cayton,

Shasta County, July 9 (Van Duzee) ; Colton, May 26-28 (Van

Duzee) ; Pismo, April 25 (Van Duzee) ; Needles, December 11

(J. A. Kusche) ; Mesa Grande, Sonoma County, July 14

(Blaisdell) ; Carmel, August, September (L. S. Slevin) ; Atas-

cadero, April 26 (Van Duzee) ; Millbrae, September 1 (Van

Dyke) ; Santa Monica (F. C. Clark) ; Bradley, May 22 (Van

Duzee) ; Pebble Beach, May 27 (Van Dyke) ; Stone Canon,

Monterey County, April 27 (Van Duzee) ; Laguna Mountains,

APRIL, 1927]

COCKERELL- — ^AGAPOSTEMON

159

San Diego County, August (Van Duzee) ; hills back of Oak-

land, August 2 (Van Dyke, Giffard) ; Alameda, May 12 (Van

Duzee) ; Santa Barbara foothills (Giffard). The females differ

greatly in color, some being much bluer than others, but all

seem to be one species.

The following key will facilitate the separation of the above

species :

Females 1

Males, abdomen banded with black and yellow 8

1. Abdomen fulvous melliventris Cresson

— . Abdomen black 2

— . Abdomen green 4

2. Large (12-14 mm. long); wings hro'^msh. ...coloradensis Crawford

- — . Smaller (about 11 mm.) 3

3. Hind tibise with a band of dark fuscous hair on outer side,

mrescens Fabricius

— . Hind tibiae without such band of dark hair (for other charac-

ters see description) martini Cockerell

{A. fasciatus Crawf. from Nebraska and South Dakota is

not in the Academy collection. It is readily separated

■frr

1 ^ a n/A'^rp

h-\r vplIrnAr anirpi band on fp-malp. clv-

peus. A. nasutus Smith, from Mexico also has such a

band.)

4. Abdomen with brassy and coppery tints vandykei Cockerell

— . Abdomen without brassy or coppery tints 5

5. Mesothorax finely and closely punctured, the punctures more

or less of two sizes 6

— . Mesothorax rugulose or coarsely punctured, the punctures not

of two sizes 7

6. Mesothorax highly polished, shining; base of metathorax with

very distinct plicae after the manner of A. radiatus (New

Mexico, Arizona) angelicus Cockerell

— . Mesothorax shining; hair of thorax above usually ochraceous

(Washington, B. C.)- borealis Crawford

— . Mesothorax shining; hair of thorax above not ochraceous; base

of metathorax granular or rugulose; abdomen with blue or

purple tints (Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado)

texanus subtilior Cockerell

— . Mesothorax moderately shining; base of metathorax more dis-

tinctD sculptured than in the last, without any specialized

triangular area; pubescence not ochraceous (Texas and Iowa

to Washington and California) texanus Cresson*

^Crawford’s table of the A. texanus group is:

Base of metathorax with indications of a triangular enclosure,

subtilior Ckll.

Base of metathorax without a triangular enclosure,

Pubescence white or griseous; smaller species, texanus Cress.

Pubescence ochraceous; larger species, borealis Crawf.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

— . Mesothorax dull, granular (California to Idaho)

calif ornicus Crawford

7. Large rough form, about 12-15 mm. long (New Jersey to

Florida, west to Colorado) splendens Lepeletier

— . Smaller form (10-12 mm.) with very distinct abdominal bands,

(Colorado to Arizona) cockerelli Crawford

— . Size as in the last, but abdominal hair bands slight or lacking

(Eastern states to Rocky Mountains) radiatus Say

— . Larger (about 12-14 mm.), usually bluer (Pacific coast and

Idaho) femoratus Crawford

(Crawford adds that splendens and cockerelli have a tri-

angle of finer lines on base of metathorax wanting in

the other two.)

8. Small species with slender hind femora, not dentate below;

scape entirely yellow in front 9

— . Mostly larger species, with stout femora; if small then femora

dentate beneath and scape not all yellow in front 10

9. Hair of thorax above fulvus (Mexico) epichryseus Cockerell

— . Hair of thorax above white (southern California to New Mexico)

melli<ventris Cresson

10. Scape broadly yellow in front, thorax emerald green 11

— . Scape dark in front or with a yellow line; thorax nearly always

bluer, or blue, when with yellow line on scape, the yellow

band on clypeus with no upward projection in middle 12

11. Hind femora extremely stout, oval femoratus Crawford

— . Hind femora not thus stout martini Cockerell

12. Hind tibiae with no black mark on outer side; last ventral

usually without a carina; small or smallish forms; thorax

green angelicas Cockerell

— . Hind tibiae with a black mark on outer side; thorax often

blue 13

13. Thorax greener and abdomen largely yellow beneath

cockerelli Crawford

— . Thorax mostly blue or bluish.. calif ornicus Crawford

Several species in the Academy collection are represented

only by females. The following table, mainly based on that of

Crawford, will be useful for the separation of the males of

these species :

Hind femora greatly swollen or incrassate 1

Hind femora slightly or not swollen 2

1. Larger; hind femora about half as long as hrod^d.—splendens Lep.

■ — . Smaller; hind femora nearly as broad as long femoratus Crawf.

2. Smaller, under 9 mm. long; scape of antennse yellow or with

a brown dot above mellinjentris Cress.

— . Larger, over 9 mm. long 3

APRIL, 1927]

COCKERELL AGAPOSTEMON

161

3. Head and mesothorax above blue 4

• — . Head and mesothorax above green; yellow band on clypeus

more or less angulate above 5

4. Larger; yellow band on clypeus angulate (“toothed”) above;

no keel on last ventral segment coloradensis Crawf.

— . Smaller; yellow band on clypeus not angulate above

- calif ornicus Crawf.

5. Abdomen with six yellow bands; pubescence on apical seg-

ments dark radiatus Say

— . Abdomen with five yellow bands; pubescence on apical seg-

ments light 6

6. Last ventral segment with a median carina virescens Fabr.

— . Last ventral segment without a median carina; anterior and

intermediate trochanters yellow to black (golden green in

A. fasciatus Crawf.) texanus Cress.

Male A. sulcatulus Ckll. from Nebraska goes in the above

table next to A. melliventris, but has the scape black with a

broad yellow stripe in front. Disregarding size it would go to

“S,” but the band on clypeus is not angulate above. The dark

callus on fourth ventral segment is entire, slightly arched ; in

texanus it is divided.

Female A. pulcher Smith, said to be from California, is said

to be four lines long, entirely bright golden green, wings hyaline,

legs rufotestaceous.

The genus Agapostemon is probably of South American

origin, but it must have been in North America a long time. Its

species or races seem to be rather vaguely defined, but possibly

studies of the male genitalia would enable us to separate them

more exactly. We need much more field work in order to cor-

rectly match the sexes, and determine the precise distribution

of the various forms.

Genus Augochlora F. Smith

The type is A. pur a (Say)

Augochlora ignita F. Smith

Mexico: Morelos (Koebele). Both sexes presented by Mr.

W. M. Giffard, This differs from all others in the Academy

collection by the crimson abdomen.

Augochlora fervida F. Smith

Kansas: Lawrence, May 7-14 (F. X. Williams). Arizona:

Baboquivari Mountains, August (O. C. Poling), presented by

Mr. C. L. Fox; very many, including both sexes.

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Augochlora pomoniella Cockerell

California: Santa Cruz Island, May 16, several (Van

Duzee) ; Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mountains, Sep-

tember 21 (Van Duzee) ; Sobobo Springs, Riverside County,

June 4 (Van Duzee) ; Colton, May 26-28 (Van Duzee) ; Stone

Canon, Monterey Co., April 21 (Van Duzee).

The Mill Creek Canon series includes males. The male is

more slender than the female, about 8 mm. long ; antennae black,

the flagellum obscurely reddish beneath; clypeus strongly pro-

duced, the lower margin dark reddish; tarsi dark; margins of

ventral segments entire, the fifth with a median carina. It is

larger and greener than the male of A. neglectvila Ckll. and the

basal area of metathorax is considerably longer. In a male

A. pomoniella from Claremont the flagellum is more strongly

reddened beneath.

CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA II*

BY H. H. KEIFER

Aristotelia argentifera Busck

In late February of this year small larvae were noted boring

in the overwintering tips of Baccharis pilularis DC. in Marin

County. The young early spring larvae bore just below the tip

of the branch under the epidermis, involving the parenchyma,

but little of the woody core. Young larvae noted after the new

spring growth had started were t5dng the terminal leaves. Later

the borings are used only for retreat and dense silken tubes

extend to the leaves which are skeletonized. Mature larvae have

abandoned the borings and are found in tubes, tying the new

spring leaves. Pupation takes place in a rather loose web in

the rearing jars. Adults emerging April 4, May 11 and May

16 prove the larvae to belong to this species.

Full-grown larvae about 8 mm. long: body yellow-green, gener-

ally mottled whitish; six full length dorsal longitudinal whitish

stripes, much broken; overlaid brownish pink between white mark-

ings, darker dorsalR. Head variable, clear brown to mottled fuscous;

shield green to fuscous; hairs light fuscous.

Pupa 5 mm. long, greenish yellow and entirely pubescent; head

blunt; abdomen tapering to a rather acute anal end; wing cases,

antennae and hind legs ending on anterior part of sixth abdominal

segment; abdomen with three movable segments; hooked hairs sur-

round a well-developed cremaster.

* Contribution from the California Academy of Sciences, No. 384.

APRIL, 1927] BLAISDELL STUDIES IN COLEOPTERA

163

MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE

COLEOPTERA NO. 2

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

No. 1 of the present series appeared in the Canadian Ento-

mologist, Vol. LIII, No. 6, June, 1921. The dermestid and

melyriid described below constitute interesting additions to their

respective families. The descriptions were drawn up several

years ago and were intended to have been included in a larger

faunal paper, the publication of which has been unavoidably

delayed. On account of paratypes and specimens having been

distributed under manuscript names it has become very impor-

tant that the descriptions be published without further delay.

Perimegatoma giffardi Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oval. Color black with cinereous markings ;

pubescence nigro-piceous in the dark areas and plumbo-

cinereous elsewhere; elytra with a transverse band of paler

hairs behind the middle, legs piceous, antennae rufo-piceous.

Pubescence soft, moderately dense and subdecumbent; sparse and

cinereous on the head, with blackish hairs intermixed on the middle

two-fourths of the pronotum, laterally becoming denser and entirely

cinereous; in the basal area of the elytra a few erect hairs are seen,

while in the lateral fifths the hairs are paler and in the central three-

fifths they are intermixed with blackish hairs, the former predomi-

nating; there is a narrow band of pale hairs at junction of the

anterior and middle thirds, another at about the junction of the api-

cal and middle thirds, both widen laterally as they meet the lateral

pale area, and also become narrower and distinctly whitish in the

central area; the suture is narrowly bordered with similar whitish

hairs, this sutural line broadens toward apex as it joins the lateral

pale areas, thereby almost defining a subapical dark spot on each

elytron. Centrally the hairs which border the pale bands are quite

black, suggesting dark bands bordering pale fasciae. Usually each

elytron has three dark areas, a basal, a median or larger, and a small

subapical one; sometimes there is a submarginal darker line in the

posterior paler band where it passes into the lateral pale area. Occa-

sionally there is seen a very feeble and narrow cinereous band

extending across the pronotal disk at junction of the middle and

basal thirds; a few whitish hairs are present on the basal lobe of the

pronotum.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 4

Head densely and evenly punctate. Frontal ocellus distinct. Pro-

notum coarsely and closely punctate, punctures circular, separated

by a distance equal to one-half of their diameter, the intervals linear

and ridge-like, each puncture bears a hair; sides convergent apically,

feebly arcuate basally, more strongly arcuate anteriorly; base lobed

at middle, lobe broadly triangular, more prominent posteriorly than

the basal angles, the latter blunt and narrowly rounded; disk trans-

versely impressed along the base, impression broadest opposite the

lobe and angles.

Elytra less strongly punctured, punctures much smaller and sep-

arated by a distance equal to their diameter or one-half of the same.

By extension of the pale markings the dark ones become reduced

in size and even broken up; sometimes portions of the pale bands

are narrowed allowing the dark areas to coalesce, so that quite often

a large trapezoidal dark spot is formed across the suture at about

the middle of the elytra. Body densely punctate beneath.

Male. Smaller and narrower; last joint of the antennal club appar-

ently twice as long as the two preceding joints combined.

Female. Broader; antennal club abruptly formed, eighth joint but

slightly larger than the preceding joints; eleventh about as long as

the ninth and tenth taken together.

Measurements of types. Male: length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.75

mm. Female: length, 4 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Type locality. Summit Station, Eldorado County, Cali-

fornia.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, to be deposited in the

entomological collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes in the collection of the Sugar Planters’ Association,

Honolulu, Hawaii, and in the Academy’s collection.

The above interesting dermestid belongs to the tribe Megato-

mini. In giffardi the basal joint of the hind tarsi is elongate,

but little shorter than the next two combined; antennae eleven-

jointed in both sexes. The hypomera are indefinitely concave

as usual, there being no antennal fossae. The antennal club

is three-jointed. The mesosternum between the coxae is mod-

erately narrow, longitudinally grooved and deeply emargi-

nate posteriorly to receive the tip of the metasternal process ;

the anterior coxae rather narrowly separated and the epi-

pleurae strongly defined ; metacoxal lamina scarcely at all longer

internally.

In Perimegafoma monticola Casey the body is black and

almost evenly clothed with subdecumbent fulvous pubescence.

APRIL, 1927 ] BLAISDELL STUDIES IN COLEOPTERA

165

with narrow and scarcely noticeable zig-zag bands of more

cinereous hairs. Elytral punctures stronger and closer.

In giffardi the body is black, unevenly clothed with plumbeous

gray pubescence, with distinct transverse bands defining dark

areas clothed with nigro-piceous hairs. Elytral punctures small

and not deeply impressed. The pronotum throughout the genus

is coarsely and very closely punctured. The species are difficult

to identify on account of the meager descriptions and lack of

mention of variations in color and markings.

A series of ten specimens was collected by Mr. Walter M.

Giffard, on the summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains,

Eldorado County, California. I take great pleasure in naming

the species after Mr. Giffard.

Trichochrous muiri Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-suboval and moderately convex. Color

deep black ; tibiae and tarsi more or less nigro-piceous, some-

times nigro-rufous. Surface rather polished and shining.

Head rather large, at least three-fourths as wide as the pronotum;

frons broadly impressed, impression shallow, sparsely punctate, a

feebly glabrous convexity at epistomal base, surface more or less

rugulose. Eyes large and moderately prominent. Antenna stout and

gradually incrassate, subserrate anteriorly.

Pubescence blackish for the greater part; shorter hairs of the

elytra subdecumbent, brownish or paler in color; black hairs on the

disk not erect, but becoming so laterally where they are longer and

bristling; those of the head and pronotum longer and more or less

irregularly directed. Lateral pronotal marginal cilia rather long, not

forming a regular fringe, dark in color. Marginal eljUral cilia erect

and rather widely spaced, longer at the humeri and decreasing some-

what in length toward apex.

Pronotum transverse, about a third wider than long, apex arcuato-

truncate; sides broadly and almost evenly arcuate, converging very

moderately to apex, apical angles rounded; base broadly and evenly

arcuate, basal angles broadly rounded, sides and base continuous

without angulation; disk evenly and moderately convex, punctures

moderate in size, sparse, separated by a distance equal to two to four

times their diameter, closer toward apical and basal margins, becom-

ing punctato-recticulate in lateral fifth.

Elytra oblong-oval, broadly rounded at apex, rather more than a

half longer than wide; punctures rather coarse, separated by a dis-

tance equal to two or three times their diameter, smaller toward

apex, surface finely rugulose.

Abdomen rather densely punctate; pubescence abundant and mod-

erately long.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Male. Rather narrower and parallel. Antennae stouter. Fifth ven-

tral abdominal segment modified: apex quite deeply emarginate,

bottom of the emargination transverse, adjacent surface of segment

rather broadly but not very deeply impressed, floor of the impres-

sion, especially near the bottom of the emargination, glabrous and

impunctate; beyond the impression the punctures are not denser.

Sixth segment distinctly visible, filling in the interval between the

lateral apical lobes of the fifth segment.

Female. Broader, sides more evidently arcuate; fifth ventral

broadly rounded at apex.

Measurements. (Types) length, 3.5-4 mm.; width, 1.3-

1.6 mm.

Type locality. Dublin Canon, Alameda County, California.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, to be deposited in the

entomological collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes are also to be found in the collection of the Sugar

Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaii. Eighteen specimens

studied. Collector, Mr. Frederick Muir of Honolulu, Hawaii,

to whom the species is dedicated.

Distinct from all other species described, except sexualis

Casey. In the latter species the modification of the fifth ventral

abdominal segment is more strongly marked. In muiri it is

simpler.

Coelosattus Blaisdell, new genus

The present opportunity is utilized to make known a remark-

able eusattid that appears to be absolutely distinct from any

species heretofore reported from America, north of Mexico.

After careful review of the species listed in the Biologia, there

appears to be but one course to pursue and that is to describe

it as new, and to create a new genus for its reception, which

is defined as follows :

Form broadly rounded, very convex and Coelus-like in appearance,

with a dense fringe of long fulvous hairs on the propleurse and epi-

pleuras; apical and basal margins of the pronotum very densely

fimbriate with shorter, even and similarly colored hairs; femora and

sterna clothed with very long flying hairs of same color.

Epistoma deeply, broadly and arcuately sinuate, frontal suture dis-

tinct. Labrum rather deeply and triangularly sinuate, margin fringed

with rather long fulvous hairs. Mentum rather deeply and arcuately

sinuate at apex; ligula more deeply and abruptly sinuate, bottom of

sinus arcuate. Eyes relatively small, elongate ovate, transverse and

slightly oblique. Antennas more Coelus-like than Eusattus-like, mod-

APRIL, 1927] BLAISDELL STUDIES IN COLEOPTERA

167

erate in length and stoutness, somewhat compact and eleven-jointed;

first joint elongate, curved, concealed beneath the sides of the head;

club or four joints, feebly defined and moderately compressed, each

joint transverse except the eleventh, the latter unevenly arcuate at

apex, with sides and apex membranous and clothed with short sen-

sory setcC, dorsal and ventral surfaces chitinous and glabrous.

Prothorax prolonged backward at the sides and enveloping the

humeri; base broadly lobed. Prosternal process broad apically as in

Ccelus. Epipleurse difficult of observation on account of the abundant

pubescence, but apparently as in Sphceriontis ; near apical third the

elytral margin becomes gradually and narrowly explanate to apex;

sides of elytra indexed as in Sphariontis and Ccelus. Scutellum not

visible.

Anterior tibi^ dilated as in certain species of Hister\ lateral edge

arcuate basally, sinuate apically before the moderately produced api-

cal angle. Femora rather slender. Anterior tarsi slender, relatively

small; first joint elongate, thickened apically, slender basally and

nearly as long as the remaining four joints.

Middle tibiae slender, rounded in section, slightly dilated at apex,

rather strongly arcuate; tarsi slender and elongate, first joint elon-

gate, as long as the third, fourth and fifth taken together, form same

as that of the anterior tarsi. Hind tibiae wider, more compressed,

feebly arcuate; hind tarsi slightly less elongate than the middle, basal

joint and relative length of joints as in middle tarsi.

Middle cox^ rather widely separated by the mesosternal intercoxal

process, which is slightly impressed on the surface and arcuately

sinuate at apex. Metasternum short. Abdominal intercoxal process

triangular. First and second ventral abdominal sutures straight.

Tibial spurs long, the inner about as long as the first tarsal joint.

Coelosattus fortineri Blaisdell, new species

Color deep black, shining, about a third longer than wide. Head

not wider than the pronotal apex, sides a little expanded, abruptly

and strongly arcuate in front of the eyes, thence obliquely conver-

gent to the oblique sutures where there is a small sinuation; epis-

tomal lobes slightly arcuate with margin a little reflexed; surface

rather narrowly impressed within the margin from the eyes to the

median sinuation; frontal suture moderately impressed, epistomal

surface less than moderately convex; front broadly and slightly con-

vex, muricately and subtuberculately punctate, densely so about the

tyts and on the vertex, less so centrally, v/here the interstitial sur-

face is finel}'- punctulate; surface almost impunctate about the epis-

tomal sinus. Labrum punctate. Fyes but slightly visible from above,

more or less concealed by the apical pronotal fimbria, twice as long

as wide, narrowly rounded below, more broadly so above, facets not

coarse. Antennae with joints four to seven slightly wider than long,

eight to ten about a third wider than long, third a little longer than

wide.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Pronotum transverse, twice as wide as long, apex feebly sinuate

in almost circular arc; base broadly and arcuately lobed in middle

five-eighths, thence rather strongly sinuate to the posteriorly promi-

nent basal angles, the latter obtuse at tip; sides less than moder-

ately arcuate and not strongly convergent to the obtusely rounded

apical angles; disk very feebly convex antero-posteriorly, evenly

and moderately strongly convex from side to side to the narrowly

impressed and somewhat explanate margins, the latter not strongly

beaded; central area against the apical margin and nearly to the base,

glabrous and impunctate, laterally and narrowly along the base more

or less densely muricato-subtuberculately punctate, laterally the

punctures bear fulvous hairs. Propleur^e punctate anteriorly in front

of the coxae, longitudinally rugose and glabrous posteriorly. Pro-

sternum densely and muricately sculptured.

Elytra about as wide as long; humeri enveloped by the basal pro-

notal angles; disk strongly convex and very arcuately declivous pos-

teriorly; sides quite broadly rounded, the inflexed portion more or

less flattened; surface densely and muricately punctate on the disk,

the tubercles much flattened, becoming subtuberculate laterally and

on the apical declivity. Epipleurae punctate and clothed with long

fulvous hairs. Elytral margin at apex narrowly explanate.

Abdominal segments for the most part glabrous and impunctate,

except first segment which is punctate laterally and on and about

the intercoxal process; a few scattered punctures are seen at middle

of the segments at apex, the fifth segment sparsely punctate. Metas-

ternum glabrous about the abdominal process. Legs of moderate

length and relatively slender.

Measurements. (Type) length, 12 mm. ; width, 7.2 mm.

Type locality. Grey’s Well, near Yuma, Imperial County,

California. Collected by Mr. John C. Fortiner of Brawley,

Imperial County, on November 25, 1926. I take pleasure in

naming the species after the discoverer, who states that the

“beetles were found in sand, four to six inches below the sur-

face; no vegetation in the locality to speak of.”

Type to be placed in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences. Paratypes in the author’s collection and that of

Mr. George Field, San Diego, California.

The above remarkable species at first glance closely resembles

Ccslus grossus Casey. It is generically distinct by the dilated

and fossorial anterior tibise, slender legs and arcuate middle

tibiae, more widely separated middle coxae and rather broad

mesosternal intercoxal process. The long and abundant fulvous

cilia and pubescence are striking characteristics.

APRIL, 1927] FERRIS AND NISSEN CASSIDIDiE

169

THE LARVA OF A SPECIES OF THE CASSIDID^

(COLEOPTERA)

BY G. F, FERRIS AND E. W. NISSEN

Stanford University, California

Among the material collected by the senior author in the

course of a recent collecting expedition in Mexico there were

included larvae belonging to some species of the Chrysonieloid

family Cassididae. Although no adults of this were obtained

and consequently the identification of the species is not possible,

the specimens are of sufficient interest to justify some study

of them. An examination of the available literature dealing

with the immature stages of this group shows that very few,

if indeed any, of the larval stages have been described with

reference to their more minute details although there exist most

excellent descriptions of their general features in the work of

Muir and Sharp and of Schultze. It appears, moreover, as

far as may be determined from the literature, that the particular

species represented in this collection has certain peculiarities

not common to all the species of the family.

It is therefore as an extension of the knowledge of the form

and structure of the larval stages of this family that the follow-

ing notes are presented. The junior author is responsible for

the figures and the senior author for the initiation of the paper

and its actual writing.

Material examined. Two apparently fully grown larvae,

found feeding on Cordia sp. at Manzanillo, Mexico, Novem-

ber 5, 1925. A species of this family, Eurypepla jamaicensis

(L.), has been recorded as feeding upon plants of this genus

in the West Indies and Florida and it is possible that the speci-

mens at hand represent the same or congeneric form.

Habit. Occurring upon the surface of the leaves. In life

of a pale green color except for the dorsum v/hich is dark

brown or black. The excremental mass, which is carried at-

tached to the caudal process, forms a compact lump composed

of the intertwining coils of foeces and entirely enclosing the

exuviae. Apparently this mass is subject to loss of material for

a careful examination of these two specimens revealed only

a portion of the series of cast skins, one specimen showing

only the skin of the fourth stage and the head of the third, the

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

other showing the skin of the fourth and the heads of the second

and third stages.

The assumption that is here made concerning the numbers

of the stages is based upon published observations in the case

of other species and upon deductions drawn from the compara-

tive sizes of the head capsules.

Fifth larval stage (Fig. 1, A). Length on slide 1-1.3 cm.

Lateral appendages fleshy, rather than spiny as described for

other species, and pale-colored except for the extreme tips of

the main trunks which are black, destitute of all but a very few

minute setae. These appendages are arranged as follows : pro-

thorax with four on each side, mesothorax and metathorax with

two, each abdominal segment up to and including the eighth

with one.

Body terminating in a relatively huge, club-shaped caudal

process which probably represents the produced notum of the

ninth segment and may involve the notum of the eighth as well.

At the tip of this caudal process is a pair of short processes that

possibly represent the appendages of the ninth segment.

Spiracles quite conspicuous, confined to the mesothorax and

to the first seven abdominal segments and placed on the dorsum

at the base of the lateral appendages; with no peculiarities of

structure.

Dorsum of the abdomen from about the center of the pro-

notum to the posterior margin of the seventh abdominal seg-

ment and within the line of the spiracles chitinized in a peculiar

fashion, the pigmentation being laid down in the form of a

mosaic of minute plates which are closely spaced (Fig. 1, G).

The caudal process is heavily and uniformly chitinized through-

out. Ventral side of the body entirely membranous except for

a series of small chitinized patches on the fourth to eighth

abdominal segments. These likewise are composed of a mosaic

of small plates, but the plates terminate in a small, free spine

(Fig. 1,H).

The antennae (Fig. 1, C) are two-segmented. The eyes are

represented by four ocellanae (using MacGillivray’s term) on

each side behind the antennae (Fig. 1, B). Of the mouthparts

the labrum is as shown in Fig. 1, I; the mandibles (Fig. 1, J)

are stout and four-toothed, the teeth with their margins mi-

APRIL, 1927]

FERRIS AND NISSEN CASSIDID^

171

Figure 1

Lar^va of undetermined Cassidid beetle. A, fifth stage; B, ocellanse

from ventral aspect; C, antenna; D, claw and apex of tibia; E, caudal

process of fourth stage; F, tentorium of fifth stage; G, portion of

derm of dorsum showing mosaic pattern; H, portion of derm of

venter; I, labrum; J, mandible; K, labium and maxillae, left half

ventral (outer) aspect, right half dorsal (inner) aspect; L, lateral

appendage of fourth stage.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 4

nutely serrate ; the maxillse and the labium are closely united

(Fig. 1, K), the former with a single lobe and with two-

segmented palpi, the latter consisting of a single broad lobe

which bears very short, one-segmeiited palpi. The tentorium

(Fig. 1, F) is a transverse bar which unites at each side with

the chitinous margin of the head capsule bordering the mem-

branous gular region.

The legs are short and stout, without trochanter and without

a tarsus, the claw apparently arising from the tip of the tibia

(Fig. 1, D).

Ventral side of the abdomen membranous, with a single row

of small setae, which are borne on small tubercles, in the mesal

region of each segment. Rectum capable of eversion, the anal

region with numerous small setae on small tubercles.

Fourth stage. In the characters of the head and legs entirely

resembling the fifth stage but differing in having the lateral

processes black, heavily chitinized and spine-like rather than

fleshy (Fig. 1, L). The tip of each minor process bears a single

stout seta. Anal process (Fig 1, E) shorter and more slender

than in the fifth stage and terminating in a fork, the apical

portions of which are membranous.

Second and third stages. Of these only heads are available,

these differing from the other stages only in size.

Rules of Zoological Nomenclature

The Biological Society of Washington has placed all inter-

ested in entomological nomenclature under lasting obligations

by the republication of the International Rules of Zoological

Nomenclature, with a summary of Opinions 1 to 90, in Vol.

XXXIX of their Proceedings (pp. 75-104). We understand

that extras of this reprint can be obtained at a nominal cost.

Virtually all our working entomologists follow these Rules, or

try to do so. The sentiment regarding the “Opinions” perhaps

is not quite as unanimous. A few of these are not accepted by

certain of our most capable students and probably never will

be. Such are Nos. 46 and 79, in the first of which the wording

is obscure, the second is too “Rigidly construed” to be logical.

With a few exceptions these “Opinions” are most welcome as

a help in stabilizing nomenclature. — E. P. Van Duzee.

APRIL, 1927]

HOOD T H YS A N 0 PTERA

173

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME THYSANOPTERA

OCCURRING IN CALIFORNIA*

BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD

University of Rochester

In this paper I have consolidated fourteen supposed species

into three. Two species described by one worker have been

united with three described by another. This suggests the

existence of a large number of S 3 monymous names in other

parts of the order, a suspicion which we find supported by the

facts; and in other papers, to be published from time to time,

some of this synonymy will be pointed out.

Aside from the more careful study of material, which is obvi-

ously necessary on the part of certain students, two means for

the improvement of descriptive work on the group present

themselves : First, the devotion of more time and thought to

the technique of slide making, so that every specimen can be

studied satisfactorily; and second, the employment of larger

series of paratypes, so that other specialists may be provided

with actual specimens, rather than with descriptions which can

never be adequate for the simple reason that new characters

and new differences, not mentioned in the original diagnoses,

are continually being discovered,

Anaphothrips secticornis (Trybom)

1896, Thrips secticornis Trybom, Ofvers. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forh.,

No. 8, p. 620. [Portland and Albany, Oregon; Ribaclii, Pen.,

Russia (Lapland).]

1899, Anaphothrips secticornis, Reuter, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn.,

Vol. XVII, No. 2, pp. 43, 44.

1904, Sericothrips apteris Daniel Ent. News, Vol. XV, p. 295. [Ber-

keley, Cal.]

1908, Apterothrips suhreticulata Bagnall, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc.

Northumb., etc., N. S., Vol. Ill, Pt. I, p. 185, PI. VI, figs,

1-3. [Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C., Canada.]

1926, Anaphothrips apteris, Moulton, Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 23,

Doctor Trybom described this species in 1896 from speci-

mens taken by himself in Oregon and in Russia, and three years

later Reuter referred it to Anaphothrips. Since then its affini-

ties have been largely misunderstood. Miss Daniel considered

*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of Cornell Uni-

versity.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

it a Sericothrips (which has a densely pubescent abdomen) and

Bagnall erected for it a distinct genus (which he compared with

“Euthrips” and Pachythrips) . Moulton referred Sericothrips

apteris Daniel to Anaphothrips quite properly, but failed to

note its identity with Anaphothrips secticornis.

The material that I have had for study is thoroughly

authentic, and is listed below :

California: “San Francisco, 1902 ?, S. M. Daniel,” 2 2’s (paratypes

of Sericothrips apteris Daniel), ex coll. Daniel.

Berkeley, March 1, 1906, grass, Dudley Moulton; 1 $, ex coll.

Moulton and U. S. Bur. Ent.*

“Santa Cruz, lettuce,” D. L. Crawford; 2 2’s, ex. coll. Crawford.

Colorado: Grant, July 21, 1916, sweeping, L, O. Jackson; 2 2’s

[Hood No. 345].

Canada: Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C., September 4, 1891, on

nettle; 1 2 (“cotype” of Apterothrips subreticulata Bagnall), ex coll.

British Museum, Natural History.

Lillooet, B. C. (Mount McLean, 7000 feet), on Lupinus arcticus,

R. C. Treherne; 3 $.

Austria: Warscheneck (Alps), 1600 m., July 17, 1919, swept; 5 $,

ex coll. H. Priesner.

Haplothrips fasciculatus (Crawford)

1909, Phyllothrips fasciculata Crawford, Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent.,

Vol. I, No. 4, p. 105; fig. 48, A-H, [Claremont, Cal., on

Eriogonum fas ciculatum.]

1909, Phyllothrips fasciculata var. stenoceps Idem, ibidem, p. 108 [With

the typical form.]

1912, Anthothrips nigricornis Jones (nec. Bagnall, 1910), Tech. Ser.

23, Pt. I, Bur, Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 17, PI. V, figs. 1-4.

[San Jose, Cal., on Eriogonum nudum.^

1912, Haplothrips jonesii Karny, Zool. Ann., Vol, IV, p. 344.

1913, Leptothrips russelli Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 46,

p. 39, figs. 72-75. [Laurel Canon, Cal.]

Crawford’s Phyllothrips fasciculatus, described from Clare-

mont, California, and Jones’ Anthothrips nigricornis (later

renamed jonesii by Karny because the name had been pre-

empted), described from San Jose, California, were both taken

on species of Eriogonum, or wild buckwheat. It is not sur-

prising, then, that they are the same. Of Leptothrips russelli,

from Laurel Canon, California, Morgan says in his original

description that the food plant is unknown. I have seen type

*Tliis specimen is marked “? cotype” and in another place “type,”

but is most certainly neither, having been taken sixteen months after

the species was described.

APRIL, 1927 ]

HOOD THYSANOPTERA

175

material of all three species and they are identical, although a

study of the several descriptions and figures would lead one to

think otherwise. The characteristic form of the third antennal

segment is best seen in the illustrations of Crawford and

Morgan.

The posteriorly narrowed head of the variety stenoceps

Crawford is really more nearly normal than that of the other

specimen figured by him. I have elsewhere remarked that this

variety is untenable, “having been erected for the reception of

specimens of the typical form which had not become crushed

in the mounting.”

This species, with those which I have described as malifloris,

purpuraHts, and distalis, suggest the derivation of the genus

Leptothrips from Haplothrips-like., instead of Liothrips-like,

ancestors. Though closely related, Leptothrips and Haplothrips

need not be merged. The absence of a midlateral bristle in the

former will serve to distinguish them, at least until possible

intermediate forms are discovered. Most interesting is the

elongation of the head in these four related Haplothrips ; the

production of the conical vertex forward until it overhangs the

insertion of the antennae; and the deeply and closely longitudi-

nally striate metanotum, all of them characters highly suggestive

of Leptothrips.

The following material has been studied :

California: Claremont, on wild buckwheat {Eriogonum fasciculatum) ,

D. L. Crawford; 4 2, 16 (“cotypes” of Phyllothrips fasciculata

Crawford).

San Jose, July-September, 1910, on flowers of Eriogonum nudum,

P. R. Jones; 3 $, 2 6 ijiolotype, allotype, and paratypes of Antho-

thrips nigricornis Jones).

Laurel Canon, May 14, 1911, H. M. Russell; 1 2 {paratype of Lepto-

thrips russelli Morgan).

Genus Karnyothrips Watson

(Zygothrips and Haplothrips auctores, partim)

1922, Karynia (sic !) Watson lapsus typog. for Karnyia, preempted),

Fla; Ent., Vol. VI, p. 6. [Type: K. ^weigeli, n. sp. {— Antho-

thrips flampes Jones), by designation.]

1923, Karnyothrips Watson, Bull. 168, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 70.

[New name for Karynia Watson].

Karnyia was misspelled, preoccupied, and assigned to the

v/rong subfamily, and its type species is a synonym; but, by

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 4

purely fortuitous circumstances, it appears to find a place in

our classification when these technical difficulties have been

overcome by changing the name to Karnyothrips. The genus

may be known in both sexes by the enlarged tooth, claw-like

and somewhat forwardly directed, which arises from the inner

distal angle of the first tarsal segment (Fig. 1, b) ; by the close

union of the last two antennal segments (this union being closer

even than in Zygothrips) ; and by the long hairs at the tip of

the tube, which are frequently twice the length of that body

segment. Its affinities are, of course, with Zygothrips, Haplo-

thrips, and Hindsiana, rather than with Cryptothrips.

To Karnyothrips should be assigned the following species,

and perhaps others which I have not seen :

K. melaleuca (Bagnall), described in Hindsiana’,

K. dodgei (Hood), described in Hindsiana’,

K. rhopalocerus (Hood), described in Hindsiana’, and

K. flampes (Jones), described in Anthothrips.

Karnyothrips flavipes (Jones)

(Fig. 1, b)

, Phlceothrips lucasseni Kruger (?). (See van Deventer, Hand-

boek Suik.-Cult. Rietsuik.-Fabr. Java, Deel II, p. 282, PI. 38,

fig. 4; 1906). [Java.]

1912, Anthothrips flavipes Jones, Tech. Ser. 23, Pt. I, Bur. Ent., U. S.

Dept. Agr., p. 18, PI. V, figs. 5-7. [San Jose, Cal.]

1912, Cryptothrips salicis Jones, ibid., p. 20, PI. VI, figs. 1-3. [San

Jose, Cal.]

1913, Haplothrips ceylonicus Schmutz, Sitzungsb. k. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, Mathem.-naturw. Kl., Bd. CXXII, Abt. I, pp. 1033,

1038. [Ceylon.]

1915, Zygothrips pullus Hood and Williams, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,

Vol. XXIII, p. 127, PI. VIII, fig. 1. [New Orleans, La.]

1921, “A Blood-Sucking Thrips,” Williams, The Ent., Vol. LIV,

p. 163.

1922, Karynia (sic !) vu'eigeli Watson, Fla. Ent., Vol. VI, p. 7. [New

Orleans, La.]

1923, Haplothrips harnedi Watson, Fla. Ent., Vol. VI, p. 45. [Southern

Mississippi.]

1923, Haplothrips oneco Watson,* Bull. 168, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta.,

pp. 58, 60. [Oneco, Fla.]

1927, Karnyothrips flavipes. Hood, The Ent., Vol. — , p. — .

*This species appears never to have been formally described. Mr.

Watson 1. c. uses the specific name in his key to Haplothrips, and

the descriptive matter there given is sufficient to validate it. It is not

described in any of his papers listed in his bibliography on pages 87

and 88.

APRIL, 1927]

PIOOD THYSANOPTERA

177

Under Karnyothrips flavipes I have assembled a number of

species described in various genera from widely separated parts

of the world. Such a formidable citation of synonyms may

appear to require explanation ; but nothing more need be said, I

think, than that I have seen type material of four of the species

and well-authenticated specimens of three others. Phlosothrips

lucasseni Kruger is thus the only one known to me merely by

its description, and I have questioned its identity with flavipes.

Van Deventer figures and describes a much paler antennal

coloration for lucasseni and shows a long, slender tube in his

figure; but in spite of this I cannot help believing them the

same. The inversion of the ocellar triangle in his illustration

is merely an error in drawing.

This is the species for which Williams has described a blood-

sucking habit, based upon observations made in Trinidad, British

West Indies, by himself and Mr. F. W. Urich (see Williams,

1. c., and Hood, 1. c.).

The material studied is listed below :

California: San Jose, February 9, 1910, from emergence cage for

Pear Thrips, P. R. Jones; 1 $ {holotype of Anthothrips flavipes Jones).

San Jose, September IS, 1909, reared from willow galls, P. R.

Jones; 1 $ (Jiolotype of Cryptothrips salicis Jones).

Mississippi: “Southern Mississippi,” November, 1914, on citrus,

R. W. Harned; 2 $ {paratypes of Haplothrips harnedi Watson).

Louisiana: New Orleans, December 1, 1914, on bamboo, C. B.

Williams; 11 $ {holotype and paratypes of Zygothrips pullus Hood and

Williams).

New Orleans, September, 1922, predaceous on Pseudaonidia duplex,

H. L. Dozier; 2 2 (det. by Watson as Karnyia vueigeli Watson).

Florida: Gainesville, February, 1924, on long-leaf pine, T. H.

Hubbell; 1 $ (det. by Watson as Haplothrips oneco Watson).

West Indies: Barbados, March 23, 1915, swept from grass by sea-

shore, C. B. Williams; 3 $ [C. B. W., No. 596].

Trinidad (St. Joseph), March 29, 1915, on camphor and bamboo,

C. B. Williams; 4 $ [C. B. W., Nos. 619 and 616, respectively].

Trinidad (Port-of-Spain), May 12, 1918, sucking blood from wrist;

1 2 [C. B. W., No. 1059].

St. Vincent, December 11 and 12, 1917, from bamboo, etc., C. B.

Williams; 2 2 [C. B. W., Nos. 1021 and 1025].

Sumatra: “Klaten bei Djokja,” October 5, 1923, leaves and flowers

of tobacco, L. Fulmek; 1 2 (det. by Karny as Haplothrips ceylonicus

Schmutz).

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Figure 1

a. Right fore tarsus of Haplothrips^ showing the tooth arising from

the inner surface of the first tarsal segment.

b. Right fore tarsus of Karnyothrips, showing the claw-like, some-

v/hat forwardly directed tooth arising from the inner distal angle of

the first tarsal segment.

NOTES ON ORTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA

FROM UTAH

BY VASCO M. TANNER

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

It has always been my hobby while collecting Coleoptera

throughout the state of Utah to take as large a series of Orthop-

tera as possible. As a result I now have a collection of over

800 specimens, some rare species and some that extend the

known range of the species. The Great Basin is practically

unknown entomologically, only a few serious attempts having-

been made to study the insects of this region. Dr. W. W. Hen-

derson in his valuable paper (Oedipodinse Found in Utah; Ut.

Agri. Exp. Sta. Bull. 191, 1924), points out that no Blattidse,

Mantidse, Phasmidse, and Dermaptera haA^e been recorded for

Utah. I find, however, that three species from tv/o of the above

families have been reported for Utah. Mr. Morgan Hebard

(Blattidse of N. Am. N. of Mex. Boundy., Acad, of Nat.

APRIL, 1927]

TANNER UTAPI ORTHOPTERA

179

Sci., Phil., 1917), lists Arenivago erratica Rehn from St.

George, Utah. Prof. E. O. Essig in his epoch-making treatise.

Insects of Western North America, September, 1926, also lists

Arenivago erratica Rehn and two mantids, Litaneutria obscura

Scudder and Stagmomantis Carolina (L.) from this state.

The following species, most of them determined by Mr. James

A. G. Rehn, seem to be new records for this state :

Blattidas.

Blatta orientalis L. Taken at St. George and Salt Lake City, Utah.

Blattella germanica (L.) Taken at Eureka and Provo, Utah.

Corydidse.

Arenivaga erratica (Rehn). Taken at St. George and Leeds, Utah,

under rocks on the dry hills. Listed by Hebard and Essig.

Mantidae.

Stagmomantis californicus R. and H. Common in the springtime

on trees and shrubs about St. George, Utah.

Phasmidse.

Parabacillus coloradus (Scudder). Rare. I have taken it at St.

George, Zion National Park, Kanab, and Mr. Serville Flowers

sent me (1926) two females from Price, Utah.

Gryllidas.

Gryllus assimilis De Geer. Common in the Virgin River Valley of

Utah.

Mio gryllus lineatus (Sc.). St. George, Utah.

(Ecanthus nigricornis F. Walker. Taken with the net on vegetation

in Zion National Park.

Dermaptera.

Spongo^vostox apicedentatus (Caudell). I have taken this interesting

insect under the dead bark of Populus fremonti in May and

December at St. George, Utah.

Comstock's butterflies of California

This sumptuous book comes to hand too late for a review

notice in this number but we embrace this opportunity to

call attention to it. It contains 334 pages of letter press

and 63 colored plates, “embracing all of the 477 species and

varieties at present recorded from this state.” There are

colored figures of all of the species and of their varieties

and aberrations. Probably there is very little known of

our California butterflies that is not recorded in this vol-

ume. It can be obtained from its author. Dr. John Adams

Comstock, 501 Edwards-Wildey Building, Los Angeles.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MYMARID^

PARASITIC IN PSOCID EGGS (HYMN.)

BY A. B. GAHAN

United States Department of A griculture

Bureau of Entomology

Mr. F. J. Spruyt, who collected the material from which this

new species of Alaptus is described, desires to publish some

notes on its biology, and the description is published at this time

in order to make the name available for his use.

Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan, new species

This species runs to minimus Walker in the key to species

of the genus Alaptus published by Girault (Ann. Ent. Soc.

Amer., Vol. I, 1908, p. 193). It has a much shorter ovipositor

than minimus, as that species is represented in the national

collection by the specimens studied by Girault. In minimus,

viewed from the ventral side, the ovipositor slit extends the

whole length of the abdomen from base to apex, while in the

new species this slit begins at about the third segment and

extends to the apex of the abdomen. In miniums the fore wing

has a distinct longitudinal row of discal cilia paralleling the

anterior margin at a considerable distance from the margin, in

the apex of the wing becoming more or less double. In the

present species the disc of the wing is bare except for a single

longitudinal row of cilia so close to the anterior margin that

it is more or less confused with the ever-present row of short

cilia occurring between the bases of the long marginal cilia. In

ccBcilii Girault the ovipositor is about as in the new species, but

the fore wing has from two to six cilia on the disc arranged

in a longitudinal row down the middle. Girault’s species is also

paler in color than psocidivorus.

Female. Length, 0.48 mm. Head as broad as thorax; antennae

almost exactly as figured for minimus by Girault (1. c., p. 183) ; scape

strongly curved; pedicel much thicker than the funicle and a little

less than twice as long as broad; funicle joints 1-3 cylindrical, the

second barely longer than either the first or third and about four

times as long as broad, joints 4 and 5 thicker and subovate, the fifth

approximately twice as long as broad and subequal in length to the

first; club elongate ovate, thicker than the last funicle joint and equal

in length to the three preceding joints; thorax mostly smooth; the

mesoscutum weakly reticulated; scutellum transverse, pillow-shaped,

APRIL, 1927]

GAHAN A NEW MYMARID

181

with a strong transverse groove or fold across the middle, the area

behind the fold with its lateral angles striated longitudinally; fore

wings normal for the genus, the longest marginal cilia about three

times as long as the broadest part of the wing-blade; hind wings

with a single row of discal cilia near the margin; abdomen broadly

oval, about as long as head and thorax combined, the tergites sub-

equal, the first apparently incised medially; ovipositor barely extend-

ing beyond apex of abdomen. Color (in balsam) brownish testa-

ceous, the head usually a little darker than the thorax; legs pale

testaceous; fore wing hyaline with the base proximad of the notch

faintly streaked with fuscous; hind wing mottled with fuscous

throughout its length.

Male. Length, 0.47 mm. Similar to the female except that the

abdomen is subquadrate, no broader than the thorax, and the antennae

are ten-jointed, the flagellar joints all subequal in length and sub-

cylindrical, each about three times as long as broad. Color very

slightly darker than in the female.

Type locality. Stanford University, California.

Type. Cat. No. 28,676, U. S. N. M.

Described from many specimens of both sexes, mounted in

balsam, and received from F. J. Spruyt with the statement that

they were reared in April, 1923, from the eggs of a psocid

occurring on Heteromeles. Type, allotype and thirty-six para-

types in the United States National Museum. Other paratypes

returned to the collector for deposit in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences and in his own collection.

Some Recent Papers

Our American Dipterists will be interested in a paper by Dr.

O. Krober, published in the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung

(Vol. LXXXVII, pages 209-353), entitled “Die Chrysops-

arten Nordamerikas einschl. Mexicos,” and in a paper by Dr.

F. R. Cole (Proc. Calif. Academy of Sciences, Ser. 4, Vol.

XIV, No. 14) on the terminal abdominal structures of male

Diptera. The former is a revision of our North American

species of Chrysops, the latter a work of 103 pages and 21

plates reviewing and illustrating the male genital characters of

each of the dipterous families. Number 3 of Volume VII of

the recently revived Entomologica Americana, contains a classi-

fication of the nut curculios (formerly Blaninus) of Boreal

America which will interest our Coleopterists.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. Ill, NO. 4

NOTES ON ALAPTUS PSOCIDIVORUS GAHAN

A NEW SPECIES OF MYMARID^

(HYMENOPTERA)

BY F. J. SPRUYT

Santa Cruz, California

The first time adults of this genus came to my attention was

on February 20, 1923. Egg clusters of the host, Peripsocus

calif ornicus, Banks, were kept under observation at the time.

Although sufficient adults of Alaptus psocidivorus could be

procured for observation in the laboratory, difficulty was expe-

rienced in keeping them alive for any length of time and in

handling these fragile little wasps. Over night a whole brood

would die off, due either to excessive heat in the laboratory or

to lack of moisture. Individuals could be found lapping up the

moisture from the walls of the phials in which they were kept.

The adults are a little less than 0.5 mm. in length and are

pale brown in color. When alive the minute creatures are barely

detectable with the unaided eye, and when on the wing they

can easily be mistaken for dust particles soaring in the light.

The normal development of the Psocid eggs was found to

be from eight to twelve days. Two days before issuing a very

distinct egg tooth became apparent. (Wachter, Pan.-Pac. Ent.,

Vol. II, No. 2, 1925.) The development of parasitized eggs,

on the contrary, took twenty-six days for completion, while

eighteen days after being parasitized two large characteristic

red eye spots would appear. In some cases the parasitized eggs

in the later stage of development took on a dark steel-blue color.

This very likely can be ascribed to the fact that the Alaptus

pupa case became visible through the egg chorion, which, in

this particular instance, was almost transparent. In other cases

where the chorion of the normal Psocid eggs was somewhat

milky in color it remained unchanged after being parasitized

or even became more dense and opaque.

The first sign observed of the issuing Alaptus was the appear-

ance of a wet spot. The softened egg shell was pushed from

within, and thus a hole was produced. The insect seemed to

dissolve the egg shell rather than to chew its way out, although

it possesses a strong pair of mandibles. After the parasite left

APRIL, 1927]

SPRUYT NOTES ON ALAPTUS

183

1, head of Alaptus psocidworus’, 2, male thorax and abdomen show-

ing propodeum and phragma; 3, male antenna; 4, female antenna;

5, left fore wing (drawn to smaller scale); 6, enlarged section of pos-

terior margin of fore wing showing marginal cilia and single row of

discal cilia; 7, wing base of No. 5 enlarged; 8, right hind wing;

9, hind leg; 10, ovipositor in situ (ventral view); 11, male genitalia;

12, abdominal plate.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

the egg, a uniform round hole was found in one end, while

the egg shell remained milky or dark steel color. Normally

hatched Psocus eggs, on the other hand, are split open with

the assistance of an egg burster, and the empty shells are either

milky or transparent.

Different broods of both sexes were confined, but no mating

was observed. Great difficulty was experienced by the female

in reaching the egg, due to the thickness of the protecting cover-

ing of the Psocus egg cluster. The eggs were constantly missed

and she did not seem to be able to locate them properly. In

an effort to reach the egg with the ovipositor the normal shape

of the abdomen became distorted into a square. For a long time

her efforts remained without success and actual oviposition was

not observed until late in the evening, when a less densely

covered egg mass was located and the position of the subject

was such that the proceedings could be followed accurately.

The ovipositor was not inserted at any particular portion of

the egg. After having tried different places a hole was drilled,

and with an up and down pumping motion the egg was set off.

The time average for oviposition was found to be one minute

and twenty-five seconds, while the intermissions varied from

thirty to forty-five seconds. After an egg was deposited the

ovipositor was slowly pulled back and in some cases much time

was consumed in locating the next egg to be attacked. The

female walked around as if searching, piercing already parasi-

tized eggs. She seemed to be making sure of having done a

thorough piece of work, or perhaps to be in search of food from

the egg contents, although its source was in each case out of

reach.

Since the identity of the Psocids was not accurately checked,

it is probable that more than one species of Psocidse serves as

hosts to Alaptus psocidivorus. In addition, among the collected

material three specimens of Alaptus ccBcilii, Girault, were found,

thus indicating that psocidivorus is not necessarily the specific

egg parasite of Peripsocus calif ornicus.

APRIL, 1927] KNOWLTON AMPHOROPHORA

185

NOTES ON A FEW AMPHOROPHORA (APHIDID^)

OF UTAH

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON

Utah A gricultural Experiment Station

Logan, Utah

The suggestion of Mason * that this group may not be a

phyleogenetic unit, is undoubtedly correct. Until a more natural

grouping is found it will be convenient to place certain forms

here.

The writer wishes to thank Mr. P. W. Mason for his opinion

regarding Utah material in this group.

Amphorophora nigricornis Knowlton, n. sp.

Taken September 3, 1925, at Fielding, Utah, on Polygonum

persicaria. This black aphid resembles Amphorophora nabali

Oestlund in many respects, but differs in having fewer sensoria

on antennal IV, and none on V, lacking pronounced constric-

tion to long narrow cauda, and having a darker-colored body.

A late vivipara. Head and thorax black; length 2.5 mm.; rostrum

dark at distal end, reaching second coxa; antennal tubercles fairly

prominent; antenna black and sensilla usually finger-like; antennal

III, 0.75 mm. long, tuberculate, due to the very numerous sensoria;

IV, 0.42 mm.; with four to eight sensoria; V, 0.37mm., lacking sec-

ondary sensoria; VI, 1.07 (0.1 + 0.97) mm.; legs rather long, mostly

black; wing venation typical, veins dark; abdomen blackish, without

lateral tubercles; cornicles black, 0.55 mm. long, distal half swollen

to twice the diameter of narrowest part, and enlarged again toward

body; cauda long, black, very slightly constricted near base, with a

row of four hairs on each side.

Taken in Smithfield Canon, Utah, on August 24, 1925. On

underside of leaf of birch {Betula fontinalis) at an elevation

of 6000 feet. Named for Mr. D. G, Hall, Jr,, who accompanied

the writer during the summer of 1925 in a survey of much of

Utah, southern Idaho, and northern Arizona.

Amphorophora halli Knowlton, n. sp.

A late mvipara. Yellowish-green body, 2.35 mm. long; rostrum

scarcely reaching second coxa; antennal tubercles prominent; antenna

and head armed with globate to finger-like sensilla; antennal VI,

most of III and distal part of IV and V, black; III, 0,74 mm. long,

♦Mason, P. W. (1925). A Revision of the Insects of the Aphid Genus

Amphorophora, Proc. U, S. Natl. Mus., Vol. 67, Art. 20, p. 4.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

with nineteen to twenty secondary sensoria in a row; IV, 0.54 mm.,

lacking sensoria; V, 0.53 mm.; VI, 1.2 (0.18 -f- 1.02) mm.; first

antennal slightly gibbus on inner surface; legs moderately long;

wings long, venation normal with basal veins darker than Rs. or

media, and with slight shading at ends of veins; cornicles 0.78 mm.

long, swollen on inner distal half, black at distal end with moderate

flange; cauda long, conical, very slightly narrowed near base, with

two hairs on each side and one dorsal.

Amphorophora nervata (Gillette)

This rather small aphid is frequently encountered in Utah on

cultivated and wild roses. Collections have been made from

Benjamin, Brighton, Logan Canon, Payson, Salt Lake City,

Smithfield Canon, and Spanish Fork. During the summer of

1925 it was present in damaging numbers on the younger leaves

at Logan and at Spanish Fork.

Amphorophora rubi Kaltenbach

A few specimens of this aphid were collected on strawberries

at Morgan, June 30, 1925.

A, cornicle of alate Amphorophora nervata (Gillette); B, cornicle

of alate A. nigricornis n. sp.; C, cornicle of alate A. halli n. sp.,

D, cauda of alate A. nigricornis n. sp.; E, cauda of alate A. halli

n. sp.

APRIL, 1927] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID^

187

FURTHER NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CERAMBY-

CID^ (COL.) FROM THE SOUTHERN PORTION

OF VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C., WITH DE-

SCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW VARIETIES

BY G. A. HARDY AND W. H. A. PREECE

In a previous paper published in this quarterly,^ the habits of

certain Cerambycids indigenous to Vancouver Island were dis-

cussed, and the following notes may be regarded as a continua-

tion of that paper.

A little serious systematic v/ork has been done with regard

to the local species, and in consequence it has been found

that there are a number of well-defined forms existent here

which appear deserving of names. Several of these forms are

described in the following notes.

Prionus californicus Mots.

It may be of interest to record the possible fecundity of this

species. A female distended with ovse was dissected and ascer-

tained to contain approximately 1200. If this is the normal

condition, and all are fertile, there must be a heavy mortality

or an efficient parasite attendant, otherwise we should expect

them to be much more common than seems to be the case.

The larvae have occasionally been found in the base of fence

posts, of balsam fir, below the surface of the ground, and in

one case they were taken in the wood of a section of balsam

{Abies grandis Lindl.), also below ground. When full-fed

they appear to take to wandering about prior to pupation. A

pupa was dug up in a garden in July, about three inches below

the surface and at some distance from any wood or root.

Tetropium velutinum Lee.

Definite data regarding a host tree has been obtained. A

specimen was taken at the exit of its burrow, from which it

was just emerging, in a stump of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga

mucronata Raf.) by A. Nicholls, Tod Inlet, May 20, 1926.

1 Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. HI, p. 34.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Eumichthus cedipus Lee.

Eumichthus cedipus ater Hardy and Preece, var. nov.

Eumichthus cedipus ruber Hardy and Preece, var. nov.

As the name implies, var. ater is a melanotic form of this

species, having the entire prothorax and basal area of the elytra

black or nigro-piceous, but very typical in all other respects.

A series of five specimens all taken at Sidney, B. C., by

W. H. A. Preece, the type 6 , June 18, 1926, the paratypes

all $ , June 5 to 22, 1926, respectively.

Type in collection of Mr. Preece.

Var. ruher may be regarded as an albinistic form, the an-

tennae, legs, entire prothorax and basal area of the elytra rufous,

the median and basal areas of the elytra piceous with fasciae

as in the typical form.

Type a unique 6 taken at Sidney, B. C., June 23, 1926,

by W. H. A. Preece, in collection of Mr. Preece.

In a series of nearly ninety specimens collected at Sidney,

B. C., between June 5 and 23, 1926, the bulk conformed to

type, and, with the exception of the six specimens constituting

the two above-described varieties, showed scarcely any varia-

tion, certainly none that could be considered as forming any

annectant links between the species and the varieties.

It seems probable that these two varieties represent the limit

the species is likely to reach in the directions of melanism and

albinism alike.

Although this species, which was originally described from

Vancouver Island, has a wide distribution, having been taken

at Skidegate, Q. C. I. (Hopping) and Humboldt County, Cali-

fornia (Van Dyke), it does not appear ever to have been pre-

viously taken in anything approaching series. Incidentally it

may be stated that until this year no Vancouver Island record

is known since the beginning of the century.

From the observed habits of the species it is considered that

its scarcity may be more apparent than real. In the first place

it is extremely local ; the whole series was taken on a patch of

ground less than half an acre in extent, and no others were

taken either in the immediate vicinity or elsewhere on Van-

couver Island, though careful search was prosecuted in many

other localities where similar conditions prevailed. In the

second place the habits of this beetle are peculiar and render it

APRIL, 1927] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID^

189

liable to be overlooked by anyone not familiar with its behavior.

Every specimen was taken from a flower head of SpircEa

discolor Pursh, nearly all of them being in, rather than on, the

flower head, which necessitated very careful search, since the

beetle was frequently invisible until the flower head was opened

up. Even when visible, careful scrutiny was necessary, as it

was frequently associated with several species of ants, to some

of which it bore a close superficial resemblance, and crawled

around the flower heads in much the same manner. Though

exceedingly active this little longhorn exhibits a marked dis-

inclination to take flight; when interfered with it drops to the

lower foliage and after a fev/ moments climbs back up the

branches to the flower head.

Strangalia obliterata (Hald.)

This species has been discovered boring in dead balsam

{Abies grandis Lindb). Several imagines and pupae were taken

from the wood in the latter part of June.

The larvae, at any rate in the latter part of their existence,

feed in the heartwood, galleries parallel to the grain being exca-

vated to the depth of an inch or slightly more. In every case

examined the larva had pupated at the top of a gallery with-

out making any visible pupal cell, or provision for the egress

of the imago, which presumably has to gnaw its ovrn way out.

The dead balsam stump in which most of the above observa-

tions were made also harbored a number of specimens of

Ulochcetes leoninus Lee.

Strangalia obliterata (Hald.) if not actually the most abun-

dant local Cerambycid is certainly the species most in evidence

during the summer months. In early summer it frequents the

flowers of Spircea discolor Pursh and later can be found flying

in the sunshine in any open space.

Leptura matthewsi Lee.

Remains of this species were taken at exit of burrow in

stump of cedar {Thuja plicata Don.). The larvae work in the

heartwood boring partially through the bark, the adult com-

pleting the exit. The pupal cell was close to the bark, at an

approximate angle of 45 degrees to the grain of the wood. The

exit holes of several specimens were evident about one foot

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

from the ground ; the young larvae would appear to feed close

to the root; the final portion of burrow was in the heartwood,

approximately one inch below the surface, and ascending from

the base of the stump.

Phymatodes ^neus Lee.

Several specimens have been taken from caged Douglas fir,

(Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.). A number have also been

obtained running among the branches of Douglas fir slash.

Phymatodes vulneratus Lee. and

Phymatodes vulneratus nigrescens Hardy and Preece

var. nov.

The variety nigrescens differs from the typical form by

the elytra being uniformly nigro-piceous with the exception

of the fasciae, and the femora being nigro-piceous instead of

castaneous.

Type 6 , taken at Sidney, B. C., May 12, 1926, by W. H. A.

Preece, in his collection. Paratypes 4 6,52, taken at Sidney,

April 26 to May 23, 1926, by W. H. A. Preece.

A series of some forty specimens taken at Sidney, B. C.,

between April 13 and May 23, 1926, showed the species and

varieties to be present in equal numbers. Representatives of

species and variety were several times taken in coitu.

In a previous paper to which allusion has already been made,

brief mention was made of the habits of this species. It was

therein stated that only one burrow was found leading to or

from the pupal cell ; this statement it is necessary to qualify,

for such is the case only when the species bores in branches of

considerable size. When branches of a diameter of one to one

and a half inches are infested, it has been found that the larva

when ready to pupate bores down through the heartwood to

the pith, where it forms a pupal cell by removing sufficient pith,

and then bores again to the inside of the bark from the end

of the pupal cell opposite that by which it entered, the two

burrows and cell constituting three sides of a rectangle. As can

readily be imagined this practice seriously weakens the branch.

On several occasions after high winds, green and healthy-

looking boughs were found on the ground which had broken

off at spots thus weakened, the pupal cell showing at the break.

APRIL, 1927] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCIDA2

191

This species has been found infesting both local maples, Acer

macro phyllum Pursh and Acer glabrum Torr.

Phymatodes decussatus Lec, and

Phymatodes decussatus obliquus Csy.

Phymatodes decussatus latifasciatus Hardy and Preece,

var. nov.

Form of variety latifasciatus in every respect as in the spe-

cies, thorax and base of elytra either piceous or fuscous. The

anterior and posterior fasciae coalesced to form a broad white

band, sutural line black, broader posteriorly, elytral apices black.

In the black phase the anterior margin of fascia is narrowly

edged with rufous. Sometimes the fusion of fasciae is not so

complete, resulting in a wider sutural line medially and a longi-

tudinal fuscous streak near lateral margin of fasciae.

Described from six males and one female, six of the black

form including the type, one of the rufous phase.

Type, Mount Tolmie, V. I., 12. V. 26, in the collection of

Mr. Hardy. Para-types, Uplands, V. I., 20. V. 26 ; Mount

Tolmie, V. I., 8. V. 26; 12. V. 26; 14. VI. 26; 3. VH. 26;

5. VH. 26. From Garry oak (Quercus garryana). All taken

by G. A. Hardy.

The species and variety obliquus Gsy. were seen in large num-

bers on dead Garry oak trees at the above mentioned localities,

the following notes appertaining to Mount Tolmie. Adults

were first abroad on April 8, thence increasing until the zenith

was reached during the middle of May, when many hundreds

must have emerged; throughout June their numbers continued

unabated; during the early part of July they declined rapidly,

until on July 13 only two individuals were seen.

At the height of their activity they were literally swarming

all over the trees in question, strongly suggesting ants by their

activity and superficial appearance. They were emerging from

every part of the tree, the faint rasping of the jaws of the

adults as they gnawed their way to freedom being distinctly

audible. Flight was rarely indulged in, and then only on very

hot days, a slight buzzing sound was emitted when so engaged ;

they move quickly but v^^ith little control over direction, and

alight abruptly.

192 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

It was estimated that from 75 per cent to 90 per cent were

of the variety ohliquus, the males predominating by approxi-

mately 20 per cent. Every combination of color and markings

in the species and varieties were observed in coitu.

The life-cycle appears to occupy one year. Boughs of Garry

oak known to have been freshly cut in the spring of 1925 were

closely watched throughout the season ; half -grown larvae were

seen under the bark in November. Full-grown larvae were

found on February 13, 1926, with many in the pupal cells; no

pupae were noted before April 5, from which fact the pupal

stage would not seem to be of long duration. Many larvae

pupate at the end of the gallery between the bark and wood,

not boring into the heartwood for the purpose as is commonly

the case.^

A large Clerid, Charessa elegans Horn, was observed demol-

ishing a specimen of this species ; as several of the former were

observed from time to time, they may be an important auxiliary

in checking an even greater increase of the Phymatodes than

was the case this season.

Possibly the mild and comparatively dry preceding winter is

responsible for the large numbers observed, by reducing the

liability to mould and other diseases, a factor of some impor-

tance affecting wood-boring insects.

Neoclytus conjunctus Lee.

In the paper already referred to, a note was included dealing

v/ith the habits of this species as a borer in Garry oak (Quercus

garryana Dough). The following observations are concerned

with it as a borer in madrone {Arbutus mensiesii Pursh.).

On May 14, 15, and 16, 1925, a number of females were

taken ovipositing on recently felled madrone logs, diameter

three to six inches. Freshly emerged imagines and pupae were

removed from pupal cells in these logs in the middle of October,

1926. Had these adults been left undisturbed, they would have

emerged from the logs in April or May, 1927. This two-year

life cycle had been strongly suspected, but previously definite

proof had been lacking.

The Arbutus logs were sawn into convenient length and kept

under observation. From time to time a length was cut up and

examined.

2 For further detail see Pan-Pacific EIntomologist, Vol. Ill, p. 38.

APRIL, 1927] HARDY AND PREECE CERAMBYCID^

193

The ovse are deposited in small batches in flaws in the bark

and for the first few weeks after hatching the larvae feed side

by side in the sapwood. On entering the heartwood this regi-

mental existence is terminated, though the larvae continue to

bore in close proximity to one another, literally honey-combing

the heartwood with their galleries to a depth of some two inches.

The larvae appeared to be practically full grown at the end of the

first summer. During the winter they were exceedingly slug-

gish and seemed to suspend all activities. During the second

summer they continued to feed until the latter part of Sep-

tember, when pupation took place. The duration of the pupal

stage being brief, varying from two to four weeks, the imagines

emerging from the pupae from the middle of October onward.

A comparison of larvae when about to pupate and at the end

of the first summer shows so little difference between the two

that it is considered probable that the species finds a one-year

life cycle adequate in the more southerly part of its range.

Full-fed dormant larvae have also been taken in dead branches

of Garry oak (Quercus garryana Dough) during the spring and

summer of 1926. Adults were found in the same wood along

with the larvae in April and May, but later only larvae occurred.

An examination of branches again in October resulted in the

finding of recently formed adults which will normally appear

in the spring of 1927.

Capsus externus h. s.

In Entomological News for October, 1926, Dr. H. H. Knight

records the supposed 'Tediscovery” of Capsus externus H. S.

He had apparently overlooked the fact that Dr. Reuter recorded

this species as a variety of Paracalocoris scj'upeus Say in 1909

(Neark. Capsiden, p. 39). I have in my collection a specimen

from Delaware Water Gap, Pa., determined for me by Dr.

Reuter in 1908 as ''P. scrupeus v. externus H. S.,’’ and it was

so entered in my Check List of 1906 and in my Catalogue of

1917. I possess a second specimen taken by me at Salamanca,

N. Y., July 24, 1912. While not a “rediscovery” Dr. Knight’s

notes are most valuable in giving this form specific standing. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

SOME INSECTS FROM THE ADOBE WALLS OF THE

OLD MISSIONS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California, Berkeley, California

For a number of years Prof. George W. Hendry has been

making a study of the grains and seeds used in the early mission

days in California. The seeds are obtained by dissolving in

water the old adobe bricks used in constructing the missions

and carefully washing the mud through screens and then sort-

ing out the seeds. In this manner he has been able to find a

large assortment of various seeds. Last summer (July, 1926)

he conducted similar investigations in Lower California and

in addition to seeds he preserved certain insects, whole or in

parts, which he allowed me to study. While the amount of

material is small, it is sufficient to show that much could be

learned about the native insects as well as the destructive forms

which occurred at the missions by a thorough study of insects

in the adobe bricks such as Professor Hendry has made of

seeds. Missions in Lower California from which specimens

were secured are ;

San Fernando de Vellicata, founded 1769

A specimen of a wingless cockroach similar to if not of the genus

Arenivaga.

A portion of the head of one of the cuckoo wasps belonging to the

family Chrysididce.

Four anal segments, including the sting, of a very small immature

scorpion. The four segments measure about 7.5 mm.

Portions of the cocoons of mud wasps which probably built their

nests in the mud walls after construction.

San Vincente Ferrer, founded 1780

A spider beetle which Dr. E. C. Van Dyke believes to be Ptinus

agnatus Fall and which he states lives in the roots of grasses.

It is very probable that this beetle was incorporated in the

adobe bricks along with the grass when the building was con-

structed. It was originally described from southern California.

Prothorax and portions of front legs of Eleodes sp.

Head and many cocoons or pupal skins of mud wasps.

Santo Domingo, founded 1775

This is one of the few missions which was continuously occu-

pied from the time of its foundation until about 1906, when

it was abandoned.

APRIL, 1927] ESSIG INSECTS FROM ADOBE WALLS

195

One well-preserved specimen each of the granary weevil, Sitophilus

granarius (Linn.) {Calandra granaria Linn.), and the rice weevil,

Sitophilus oryzcB Linn. {Calandra oryzcE Linn.), These were

washed from the interior of adobe bricks. A head of wheat was

taken from the mortar between two bricks which were well in

the wall: the glumes were practically all present and in a good

state of preservation. No kernels of wheat were present, but the

lemma which enclosed the same showed plainly the work of

some insect. This insect was apparently one or both of the

weevils listed above, since an elytron of the rice weevil was still

adhering to one of the glumes. From this evidence it appears

that these weevils were common to the early missions of Lower

California and were undoubtedly introduced into California by

the Mission Fathers with the founding of the San Diego Mission

in 1769.

These insects may have been incorporated into the bricks

when they were originally made or some of them, as the mud

wasps, may have built their cells in the adobe walls, and still

others may have sought refuge in the holes and cracks thereof.

In a careful and detailed study of the bricks these points could

be ascertained.

BOOK NOTICE

The Insects of Australia and New Zealand. By R. J. Till-

yard. 560 pp., 42 pi. Angus & Robertson, Sydney,

Australia, 1926.

This is a most excellent general work on entomology for the

students of this subject in that continent, having very excellent

illustrations of many hundreds of local species as well as keys

of families and terse descriptions of the more distinctive forms.

The book will be valuable to entomologists of other coun-

tries chiefly because of the general discussion of the structure

of the larger groups and the accounts of their life histories,

distribution, economics, classification and phylogeny.

The outstanding contribution is the original work on the

venation of the wings. This is the first comprehensive presenta-

tion of this subject since the work of Comstock. At first glance

it appears as though he simply adopted the system proposed

by that author because he uses in general the same notation;

but a closer study will show that his views are radically different

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

in many particulars. In three groups he tabulates the elements

of the venation :

Elements Comparison vjith Comstock System

Identical Different

Plecoptera, p. 59 21 5 16

Odonata, p. 68 17 4 13

Hymenoptera, p. 258 50 4 46

He estimates that in other orders that he has not fully

studied, large changes will have to be made and points out some

of them in Diptera and Hemiptera in regard to which he differs

from Comstock.

Neither Comstock nor Tillyard have added to the under-

standing of the homologies within the Hymenoptera nor to the

precision in expressing the characteristics of the venation in

taxonomic work. It will now be necessary, if the symbols of

either system are employed, to indicate whether they are used

according to Comstock or to Tillyard, and likewise in the other

orders.

Both authors use the Lepidoptera as the basis of their sys-

tems and the differences of opinion relate to a comparison of

the other venations with the Lepidoptera. Perhaps Tillyard is

right. His decisions are made with a full knowledge of Com-

stock’s work at hand; but would it not be far better to return

to the older standard nomenclature of Hymenopterous venation

not dependent upon differences of views of successive students

regarding interorder homologies. — C. W. Woodworth.

Pterosticus horni Leg.

This rare species, known to me only by the type, I have long

been on the look out for. Recently I had an opportunity to

stop over for a day near old Fort Tejon where John Xanthus

de Vasey and Dr. George H. Horn stopped during the early

days, and among other things took a small series of this species.

This place I am now inclined to believe is the type localit}'^, for

the “Southeastern Sierra” given by LeConte, could easily be

stretched to include it. It is the only locality in that general

territory where Doctor Horn collected. — E. C. Van Dyke.

APRIL, 1927]

VAN DYKE AMPHIZOA

197

THE SPECIES OF AMPHIZOA (COLEOPTERA)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

In the last number of this journal ^ I described as new a spe-

cies of Amphisoa which differed greatly from the well-known

AmpMsoa insolens Lee., as well as from another species which

I had labeled as Amphisoa lecontei Matth. This latter I now

find was incorrectly named. The species which I described as

planata, I also find agrees in every particular with the original

description of lecontei and v/ill, therefore, have to be reduced

to synonymy. My wrongly identified species being without a

name, and eminently distinct from both insolens and the true

lecontei, I will now describe, and at the same time give a cor-

rected key.

Key for the separation of the American species of Amphizoa

Lee :

Elytra evenly convex from side to side.

Prothorax deeply sinuate in front of hind angles, in general

broadest at middle and markedly crenulate along lateral

margin anteriorly; color coal black; elytra very irregu-

larly and coarsely rugose especially at sides; average

length 12 mm. Alaska, British Columbia, Cascade and

Sierra Nevada Mountains to Mount San Bernardino,

California insolens Lee.

Prothorax hardly sinuate in front of hind angles, generally

broadest at base; color black with sides of prothorax,

elytral intervals and parts of underside somewhat rufous;

elytra almost smooth; average length 14 mm. North-

bend, Washington striata sp. nov.

Elytra flattened at middle; fifth interval strongly elevated; pro-

thorax hardly sinuate in front of hind angles, in general

broadest at base; color black or somewhat rufous in places;

average length 12-13 mm. British Columbia through Rocky

Mountains to Alberta, Idaho, and W3mming lecontei Matth.

Amphizoa striata Van Dyke, new species.

Slightly larger in size than either insolens or lecontei and more

convex; black with sides of prothorax, elytral intervals, margins of

epipleur^ and legs somewhat rufous. Head with front longitudi-

nally bisulcate, sparsely punctured behind, finely punctate and rugose

in front; antenna reaching beyond middle of prothorax, third seg-

1 A New Species of Ampliizoa (Coleoptera), by Edwin C. Van Dyke,

Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. Ill, No. 3 (January, 1927), pp. 97, 98.

198

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

ment about twice as long as broad, outer segments about one and a

half times as long as broad. Prothorax twice as broad as long; base

truncate, apex deeply emarginate; sides hardly sinuate in front of

hind angles, therefore almost straight to middle, thence strongly

convergent to acute front angles, the hind angles subacute, the

margin slightly crenulate; disk flattened with slightly impressed

anterior and posterior transverse impressions, finely punctate and

rugose. Elytra one-third longer than broad, broadly rounded at

humeri, slightly arcuate at sides and gradually narrowed to apex;

disk strongly evenly convex; striae faintly impressed and punctured,

marked by a series of quadrate black maculations, the intervals all

distinctly defined by the lighter coloration; general surface almost

smooth and slightly shining. Length, 14 mm.; breadth, 7 mm.

Holotype (No. 2463, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and three para-

types collected by myself on a log jam in a small stream en-

tering the Snoqualamie river near Northbend, Kings

County, Washington, July 11, 1920.

This species is slightly larger, more convex and much

smoother than either insolens or lecontei. Its prothorax simu-

lates that of the latter, but the hind angles are not so acute. Its

color pattern is also quite distinctive and fairly constant in the

four specimens examined.

Note on Oxybelus sp.

In the back-yard garden of my home in San Francisco I have

been observing this quick fly-catching wasp. It was burrowing into

the ground whilst, with its third pair of legs, it firmly grasped a

stout fly (Lucilia casar L.). The victim was much larger, with its

whole body projecting out behind the little wasp, presenting a very

curious appearance. Oxybelus can easily be distinguished by remark-

able structural characters, two broad scale-like forms (squamae) pro-

jecting back from the metanotum, and a median long substantial

spine borne by the base of the propodeum. Also the inner margin

of the eyes are convex, and the submarginal and first discoidal cells

of the anterior wings are confluent. It is probably a western form

of 0. quadrinotatus Say. — C. L. Fox.

APRIL, 1927]

KNOWLTON NEW APHID

199

A NEW WILLOW APHID LROM UTAH

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON*

Utah Agricultural Experimental Station

Neothomasia salicinigra Knowlton, n, sp.

This black Chaitophorinid was collected in Cedar Canon on

July 8, 1925. Winged and wingless forms were present on

willow by the roadside, at an elevation of 7000 ft. The aphids

were feeding on the bark of the smaller twigs, and the colonies

were attended by ants (Formica rufa).

While resembling Neothomasia poptdicola (Thomas) Baker,

a very common form all over Utah, it differs in lacking the

dark shading on the sides and ends of the wing veins, in hav-

ing more slender antennae with longer filament to VI and in

having a narrower, slightly more elongate cauda.

Alate vivipara. Body black, rather broad, 1.35 to 1.75 mm. long;

rostrum short; head broad and rounded in front; antenna black,

except base of III, and armed with rather long, curved sensilla;

III, .34 to .37 mm. long, with 8 to 10 wide-margined sensoria in

irregular to scattered row; IV, .2 to .25 mm., with 0 to 3 sensoria;

V, .17 to .21 mm., with usually 0 to 1 secondary sensoria (usually

none) besides the usual primary sensorium; VI, .29 to .36 (.09 + .2

to .1 + .26) mm.; legs rather short, blackish to black; wing venation

typical; veins dark with membrane slightly dusky; cornicles short,

.09 to .11 mm. long, with closed reticulations over much of the sur-

face and with a moderate flange; cauda rounded to slightly elongate,

and without constriction.

Apterous viFipara. Black with light streak showing along mid-

dorsal line; dorso-ventrally compressed; 2 mm. long and half as

broad; head rounded in front and armed with long, tapering sensilla;

antenna blackish to black, except III and base of IV which are

lighter colored, armed with long tapering sensilla and lacking sec-

ondary sensoria; antennal III, .25 to .27 mm. long; IV, .19 to .2 mm.;

V, .15 mm.; VI, .29 (.1 + .19) mm.; legs moderately short and black;

cornicles truncate, with closed reticulations over much of surface,

and with moderate flange; cauda rounded and rather short.

* The writer wished to thank Mr. P. W. Mason and Prof. O. P. Oestlund

for their opinions concerning- this form.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Authors sending drawings for publication in the Pan-Pacific

Entomologist are requested to state on the back of the drawings

should they wish them returned, and to enclose postage for

such return. Manuscripts for publication should be typewritten

on letter sized paper (about 8}4 by 11 inches) and always

double-spaced. All titles and other headings should be in ordi-

nary type. Do not underline or use caps or colored ribbon.

Names of insects and plants occurring in the text can be under-

lined as well as any words the author wishes to have set in

italics for emphasis. All manuscripts should be carefully read

before mailing so there will be no correction of diction made

on the proof.

It is with sincere pleasure that we learn of the return to

California of our collaborator Dr. Frank R. Cole. We under-

stand that he is now associated with the work of U. S. Bureau

of Entomology on bulb fly investigations and is stationed at the

government laboratory at Santa Cruz, California. Dr. Cole

has done much to help build up the collection of Diptera at the

California Academy of Sciences and for a number of years

has been connected with the work of the Academy as Associate

curator in Dipterology.

The California Academy of Sciences has recently received

by exchange a series of paratypes from Dr. H. H. Knight

representing about 175 species of the Hemipterous family

Miridse described by Dr. Knight and not before represented

in its collection. This exchange will do much to enhance the

value of the already large collection of Hemiptera in the pos-

session of the Academy.

The four numbers of Volume III of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist were mailed on the following dates : No. 1 on Sep-

tember 29, 1926; No. 2, on December 8, 1926; No. 3, on April

13, 1927 and No. 4, on June 9, 1927.

INDEX TO VOLUME III

201

Adobe walls, insects from, 194.

Agnippe crinella Kfr., 137.

Agapostemon, key, 159.

ange'licus Ckll., 156.

borealis Crwfd., 156.

cockerelli Crwfd., 155.

californicus Crwfd., 158.

coloradensis, Crwfd., 153.

epichryseus Ckll., 154.

femoratus Crwfd., 157.

martini Ckll., 153.

melliveiitris Cress., 154.

radiatus Say, 157.

splendens Lep., 154.

subtilior Ckll., 157.

texanus Cress., 157.

vandykei Ckll., 155.

virescens Fabr., 153.

Airamia B. and B., 73.

Alaptus psocidivorus Gab., 180,

182.

Alaskan Coleoptera, 59.

Alexander, C. P., papers by, 77,

143.

Amiana Dyar, 64.

Amphizoa, key, 97, 197.

planata V. D., 98.

striata V. D., 198.

Amphorophora, 185.

halli Knit., 185

nervata Gill., 186.

nigricornis Knit., 185.

rubi Knit., 186.

Anacsena, 55.

Anaphothrips, 22.

enceli^ Mltn., 24.

secticornis Tybm., 173.

Stanford! Mltn., 23.

Ankothrips aequalis Mltn., 20.

gracilis Mltn., 19.

Anthophora dulcifera Ckll., 83.

meianops Ckll., 84.

tsushimensis Ckll., 84.

urens Ckll., 83.

Anuraphis madrons Essig, 42.

Apple pests, 91.

Arachnis aulasa Gey., 17.

pompeia Druce, 17.

Aradus patibulus V. D., 140.

taylori V. D., 140.

vandykei V. D., 139.

Archips argyrospila Wlk., 91.

Arctiidae, 16.

Argyrotsnia franciscana Wals.,

91.

Aristotelia argentifera Bsk., 162.

Atethmia Hbn., 70.

Augoclora fervida Sm., 161.

ignita Sm., 161.

pomoniella Ckll., 162.

Balaninus, 200.

Barathra Hbn., 65.

Barnes and Benjamin, papers by,

12, 13, 16, 41, 64, 74, 110.

Barnes, William, personals, 48.

Blackman, M. W., personals, 95.

Blaisdell, F. E., paper by, 163.

Blatchley, W. S., book by, 96.

Bombomelecta callura Ckll., 58.

Book notices, 95, 96, 179, 195.

Borden, A. D., paper by, 91.

Brachycosmia Hmps., 69.

Bryomima fallax Hmps., 111.

Buchholzia B. and B., 68.

Buprestis fremontae Brk., 48.

Callidium vancouverense V. D.,

104.

Capsus externus H. S., 193.

Cassididas, larva, 169.

Cea Grote, 67.

Celerio lineata Fab., 145.

Centris atripes Mocsy., 83.

Centrodera^ key, 102.

blaisdelli V. D., 102.

pilosa V. D., 101.

Cerambycidae, 34, 99, 187.

Cercyonis sthenele Bdv., 48.

Certila Wlk., 66.

Chironomid leaf miner, 135.

Chirothrips similis Bgnl., 21.

202

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Chrysops, 200.

Cicindela westbournei Wlls., 114.

Cirroedia Gn., 70.

Clark, B. P., personals, 48.

Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fab.,

151.

Cockerell, T. D. A., papers by,

58, 80, 153.

Codling moth, 44, 93,

Coelosattus Blaisd., 166.

fortineri Blaisd., 167.

Cole, F. R., personals, 200.

Coleoptera of Alaska, 59.

Colletes, Japanese, 82.

kobensis Ckll., 81.

Coloradia bonniwelli B. and B.,

15.

chiricahua B. and B., 15.

davisi B. and B., 13.

duffneri B. and B., 15.

lindseyi B. and B., 14.

luski B. and B., 13.

Conacontia Sm., 72.

Cottle, J. E., paper by, 75.

Crampton, G. C., paper by, 115.

Crenitis Bdl., 53.

Crenitulus Wnts., 54.

Crocisa gemmata Ckll., 90.

japonica Fries, 90.

Curculio, 200.

Cymatodera angustata Spin., 45.

Dasymolophilus subnudus Alex.,

77.

Dermaptera of Utah, 178.

Dolichopodidse, 4, 146.

Dolichopus oregonensis V. D.,

148.

Draudtia B. and B., 66.

Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel, 22.

Dyslobus granicollis Lee., 63.

Dysstroma hewlettaria Wrgt.,

113.

Editorials, 47, 95, 152, 200.

England, visit to, 149.

Epeolus tsushimensis Ckll., 89.

Ergates spicula'tus Lee., 34.

Essig, book by, 95.

Essig, notes by, 43, 92, 109, 145.

Essig, papers by, 42, 194.

Euassthetus pacificus Fall, 62.

Eubaphe ferruginosa Wlk., 16.

Eucirroedia Grt.^ 70.

Eumichthus ater H. and P., 188.

oedipus Lee., 188.

ruber H. and P., 188.

Euparthenos osiris B. and B., 74.

Euphydryas quino Behr, 75.

Eupolia Sm., 64.

Eupteryx Curt., 45.

Eurotype Hamp., 71.

Fall, H. C., paper by, 59.

Ferris and Nissen, paper by, 169.

Flanders, S. E., papers by, 44,

93.

Fox, English insects, 94.

Fox, C. L., paper by, 149.

Fox, C. L., personals, 94.

Freeborn, S. B., personals, 95.

Gahan, A. B., paper by, 180.

Gelechia occidentella Chmb., 138.

panella Busk, 137.

Generic names, 151.

Generic Notes, Cuculliinae, 110.

Generic synonymy, 64.

Gnorimoschema chenopodiella

Busk, 138.

Gonomyia hesperia Alex., 78.

Graeperia Grt., 71.

Grylloblattidae, 115.

Haplothrips fasciculatus Crwf.,

174.

Hardy and Preece, papers by,

34, 187.

Heliodora Neum., 71.

Hemerocampa vetusta Bdv., 91.

Hemibryomima B. and B., 111.

Hood, J. D., paper by, 173.

Hoplitina hesperia Crwf., 87.

Huguenin, J. C., necrology, 152.

Hydrobiini, 49.

INDEX TO VOLUME III

203

Hydrobius Leach, 50.

Hydrocyclus Sharp^ 52.

Hydrophorus Fall, key, 5.

list of species, 10.

vandykei, V. D., 4.

Hylseus nunenmacheri Brdwk, 80.

tridentatus Ckll., 80.

Jones, W. W., note by, 135.

Karnyothrips Wtsn., 175.

flavipes Jones, 176.

Keifer, H. H., papers by, 136,

162.

Knaus, W., paper by, 114.

Knight, paratypes, 200.

Knowlton, G. F., papers by, 185,

199.

Koebele Collection, 47.

Laccobius Er., 50.

Lemmeria B. and B., 69.

Leptura dolorosa Lee., 36.

matthewsi Lee., 189.

Limnophila nemoptera Alex.,

143.

Listronotus obliquus Fab., 63.

McGregor, E. A., paper by, 29.

Mamestra Ochs., 65.

Martin, J. O., personals, 46, 152.

Megachile doederleinii Fr., 85.

humilis Sm., 86.

kagiana Ckll., 85.

remotissima Ckll., 86.

Melanophila consputa Lee., 41.

Melissodes ablusa Ckll., 85.

Mezira eniarginata Say, 142.

granulata Say, 142.

moesta St., 141.

reducta V. D., 142.

Microlepidop'tera, 136, 162.

Micropeza, key, 2.

californica V. D., 1.

lineata V. D., 2.

Mnemonica cyanosparsella

Wms., 138.

Molophilus sackenianiis Alex., 78.

Moths from Mill Valley, 33.

Moulton, D., paper by, 19.

Mymaridce, a new, 180.

Namangana, Staud., 64.

Necydalis laevicollis Lee., 37.

Neleucania Sm., 67, 68.

Neoclytus angelicus V. D., 107.

basalis V. D., 106.

conjunctus Lee., 39, 192.

magnus Schf., 109.

vanduzeei V. D., 107.

zebratus, V. D., 108.

Neothomasia salicinigra Knit.,

199.

Neuroctenus simplex Uhl., 142.

Nomada koreana Ckll., 88.

Nomia froggatti Ckll., 82.

Odontanaphothrips Mltn., 24.

Oeme hirsuta V. D., 99.

Ommatostola Grt., 68.

Opismus 4-lineatus Mann., 34.

Orthoptera of Utah, 178.

Pandemis pyrusna Krft., 91.

Panurginus melanocephalus Ckll.,

80, 148.

Paracalocoris externus H. S.,

193.

Paraclius keiferi V. D., 146.

magnicornis V. D., 146.

Paracretonia Dyar, 72.

Paracymus Thoms, 56.

Paramiana B. and B., 64.

Parvaspis basalis Rets., 87.

Perimegatoma giffardi Blaisd.,

163.

Pest gauge, 29.

Phymatodes seneus Lee., 190.

decussatus Lee., 38, 191.

latifasciatus H. and P., 191.

nigrescens H. and P., 190.

vulneratus Lee., 38, 190.

Plat 5 ^polia Grt., 70.

Plectura spinicauda Mann., 39.

Prionus californicus Mots., 187.

Properigea B. and B., 112.

204

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Ill, NO. 4

Prosopoanaphothrips Mltn., 22.

Pro'toxaea gloriosa Fox, 80.

Pseudanthoecia Sm., 110.

Pseudobryomima B. and B., 111.

Psiloconopa mormon Alex., 144.

Pterosticus horni Lee., 196.

Pygarctia albistrigata B. and M.,

18.

murina Streh., 18.

Raphia Hbn., 66.

Recurvaria bacchariella Kfr., 136.

Reticulitermes hesperius Bks., 92.

Rhagium lineatum L., 35.

Rhaphium $qualis V. D., 147.

Sabulodes cottlei B. and B., 41.

Saligena Wlk., 66.

Semanotus ligneus Fab., 37.

thujae V. D., 103.

Slevin Collection, 152.

Sphingidae, collection of, 48.

Spruyt, F. J., paper by, 182.

Stenus, Alaskan, 59.

frigidus Fall, 59.

exploratus Fall, 61.

Strangalia obliterata Hid., 189.

Styloxus ruficeps, V. D., 100.

Synapliasta guexi Lee., 40.

Tanner, V. M., paper by, 178.

Termites swarming, 92, 109.

Termopsis angusticollis Hgn., 92.

Tethea Ochs., 70.

Tetropium velutinum Lee., 187.

Therasea Grt., 71.

Thrips heraclei Mltn., 25.

Thysanoptera, 19, 173.

Tillyard, book by, 195.

Tipulidse, 77, 143.

Tmetocera ocellana Sell., 91.

Tornacontia Sm., 71.

Trachykele hartmani Burk, 48.

Trichoclirous muri Blaisd., 165.

Trichocosmia Grt., 64.

Typlilocyba Germ., 45.

Ulochastes leoninus Lec., 36.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 33,

45, 151, 172, 193.

Van Duzee, E. P., paper by, 139.

Van Duzee, M. C., papers by,

1, 4, 146.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 41,

63, 151, 196.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 97,

99, 197.

Van Dyke, E. C., personals, 46.

White-lined Sphinx, 145.

Winters, F. C., paper by, 49.

Woodworth, C. E., note by, 195.

Wright, W. S., paper by, 113.

Xestoleptura crassipes Lee., 35.

Xylocopa thompsoni CklL, 87.

Xylomyges vanduzeei B. and B.,

12 .

Xylotrechus undulatus Say, 39.

Yosemite Museum, 43.

Zoological nomenclature, 172.

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