Vol. IV

July, 1927

No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, SYNONYMIC NOTES 1

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, NEW PHAL^NID^ 4

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF ASTHENA LUCATA GN 6

DYAR, TEN NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO 7

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF CHCERODES INCURVATA GN. ... 10

VAN DYKE, NEW NORTH AMERICAN RHYNCHOPPIORA 11

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF ACIDALIA BALISTARIA GN 17

DRAKE, A NEW DIPLOCYSTA FROM THE PHILIPPINES 18

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, PLACEMENT OF OGDOCONTA CARNEOLA SM. . . 18

WINTERS, KEY TO THE SUBTRIBE HELOCHAR.^ 19

MOULTON, NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA 30

SMITH, INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 36

WILLIAMS, EUPARAGIA SCUTELLARIS CRESS 38

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, ON THE IDENTITY OF MICRA RECTA GN. ... 39

VAN DUZEE, THE FUNKHOUSER CATALOGUE OF MEMBRACID^ .... 40

COCKERELL, NEW TYPES OF DESERT BEES 41

BENEDICT, TWO BEETLES FROM CARLSBAD CAVERN 44

VAN DUZEE, ON THE STANDING OF GENUS TIBICEN 47

EDITORIAL 48

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1927

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. IV, No. 1

July, 1927

SYNONYMIC NOTES (LEPID., PHAL^NIDT:)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Through the kindness of Mr. W. H. T. Tams we have

received a copy of “Notes on the Synonymy of Some Noc-

tuidas” published 1926, Encyclopedie Entomologique, Lepidop-

tera, I, Ease. 4, pp. 183-185. In this paper Mr. Tams has

published notes of great value on the types of some heretofore

unplaced or misapplied names. As this paper seems unavail-

able to most American workers, we think best to call attention

to the new synonymy in relation to North American species,

“Agrotis” anteposita Gn.

1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen., V, Noct,, I, 278, Agrotis.

Mr. Tams remarks that the Paris Museum type is a frag-

ment of the thorax bearing two wings on one side. He states

it is certainly not Feltia annexa Treit., and thinks it may be

'‘Lycophotia” messium Gn.

As the species was described from two specimens, one of

which was in the Boisduval collection, the second type may pos-

sibly be in existence and may be in condition to allow positive

determination.

Hadena^ lutra Gn.

1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen., VI, Noct., II, 94, Hadena.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VI, 333, sepultrix, Eumichtis.

1 Hadena Schr., type Phalsena cucubali D. and S. Much

has been written reg'arding Hadena and its type. Duponchel, 1829,

Lep. Fr., VII, (2), 71, cited g e n i s t £e , but this is not an included

name. Curtis, 1830, Brit. Ent., I, 308, cited capsinicola also a non-

included name. Boisduval, 1836, Sp. Gen., I, 135, cited den tin a and

on page 144 cited s a t u r a, both non-inch;ded names. Westwood, 1840,

Gen. Syn., page 95, cited plebeia, a non-included name. Guenee,

1852, Sp. Gen., VI, 81, cited w-latinum pi'esumably for synonym

g e n i s t 36 following Duponchel, but neither name included in Schrank’s

generic description. Grote, 1874, Bull. Buff. Soc., II, 14, did not designate

a type, but in 1895, Ent. Rec., VI, pages 78 and 284, cited cucubali,

which he also cited in several subsequent papers. Hampson, 1894, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Moths, II, 198, designated type cucubali, the first desig-

nation of an included name which we have been able to find. Hampson,

1903, Cat. Lep. Phal., IV, 4, cites type reticulata presumably for

synonym typica Auct. and Hbn. nec L., and repeats the citation 1905,

1. c., V, 208. Warren, in Seitz, III, 79, follows Hampson.

Fortunately the prior designation of cucubali eliminates the

nomenclatorial question if typica Auct., a probable misdetermination.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

1926, Tams, Encyc. Ent., Lepid., I, (4), 184, {= glaucopis) , Folia.

ij: brassicce Auct. nec L.

1873, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 104, Mamestra.

lubens Grt.

1875, Grote, Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., V, 113, Mamestra.

rufula Morr.

1875, Morrison, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 62, Mamestra.

race glaucopis Hamp.

1905, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 106, pi. LXXXI, 6, Folia.

We know of no good character to sort glaucopis, which is

only western luhens, from typical lubens. Western specimens

are often darker in color than some eastern specimens, but the

character does not hold for any series.

Mr. Tams reports lutra as being from North America instead

of from New Holland. In view of the early date of the

Guenee name, the comparative rarity of glaucopis in collections,

the fact that we cannot tell glaucopis from lubens with any

certainty save from locality labels, coupled with the fact that

two other supposedly New Holland species described by

Guenee from Paris Museum material turn out to be from

eastern North America, leads us to think that lutra is, in all

probability, based on an example of eastern lubens lubens rather

than lubens glaucopis.

MyTHIMNA ^ MARYX Gn.

1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen., V, Noct., I, 344, Ceramica.

1905, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 610, unrecog., Ceramica.

could possibly become a genotype, to say nothing of this resting solely

on the strength of the citation of reticulata which is a non-

included name.

McDunnough, 1916, Ent. News, XXVII, 395, follows Grote, but does

not use the name for North American species for taxonomic reasons.

In all probability lutra (lubens) is not strictly congeneric

with cucubali, but quite a number of the species assigned to

“Folia” by Hampson and McDunnough do seem to belong, so that

we simply substitute H a d e n a for “Folia,” following Hampson’ s

taxonomy, until some logical division of “Folia” is proposed. In

reality Folia is a Tentamen genus of Cuculliinae, instead of belonging

in the Hadeninae.

2 Mythimna Ochs., type Fhalsena albipuncta D. and S.

We cannot agree with Dr. McDunnough’s citation of oxalina as type

based on a “restriction” method of fixation (1916, Ent. News, XXVII,

395). By this method the type would appear to be acetosell^

D. and S., that name as well as oxalina being listed by Hubner

(Verz.), and designated by Grote, 1874, Bull. Buff. Soc., H, 24. We have

found no designation of oxalina prior to 1903, Hampson, Cat. Lep.

Fhal., IV, 602. Hampson cited oxalina following his “first species”

rule, and in this is followed by Warren, in Seitz, III, 61. Westwood, 1840,

Gen. Syn., page 94, cited t u r c a , but this was ultra vires in view

of the fact that Duponchel, Lep. Pr., VII, (2), 71, had designated type

albipuncta. Guenee, 1852, Spec. Gen., V, Noct., I, cited imbe-

cilla = disparilis. Barnes and Benjamin, 1926, Ent. News,

XXXVII, 79, cited type albipuncta following Duponchel.

July, 1927] barnes-benjamin — synonymic notes

1926, Tams, Encyc. Ent., Lep., I, (4), 184, (= rubefacta) , Sideridis.

rubefacta Morr.

1874, Morrison, Can. Ent., VI, 249, Ceramica.

X vindemialis Grt, (nec Gn.),

1875, Grote, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 418, Mamestra.

1880, Grote, Can. Ent., XII, 185, (partim.), Mamestra.

1881, Grote, Can. Ent., XIII, 124, (partim.), Mamestra.

1905, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 442, rubefacta, Sideridis.

Grote, 1875, described vindemialis n. sp., 1880 and 1881.

Grote credits authorship to Guenee. We cannot state if the

1875 n. sp. is an accident, or if Grote had previously deter-

mined a Thaxter specimen as the Guenee species and later

forgetting the existence of the Guenee names published as

“n. sp.” There are two species much alike in superficial appear-

ance but differing structurally.^

Platypolia ^ ANCEPs Steph.

1850, Stephens, Cat. Lep. B. M., p. 285, Miselia.

1918, Barnes and McDunnough, Contrib., IV, (2), 101, Eurotype.

X polymita Auct. nec L.

1829, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent., Haust., Ill, 31, pi. XXVI, 2, Folia,

acutissima Grt.

1875, Grote, Check List Noct. Am., p. 23, pi. I, 9, Pachypolia.

form aplectoides Gn.

1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen., VI, Noct, II, 83, Hadena.

1926, Tams, Encyc. Ent., Lepid., I, (4), 185, medialis) , Eurotype,

confragosa Morr.

1874, Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, 138, Folia,

medialis Grt.

1876, Grote, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., XI, 306, Folia.

The specific synonymy has been explained by Barnes and

McDunnough, 1918, save for the name aplectoides. Mr. Tams

states this latter name, based on another “New Holland” type

in the Paris Museum, is the same as medialis Grt.

3 We possess a specimen from Florida which agrees well with Hamp-

son’s figure of vindemialis Gn. (1905, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V,

445, pi. XCI, f. 2 type). The name has been omitted from the Barnes and

McDunnough check list because Hampson stated that the locality,

Florida, given by Guenee, was presumably an error and that the spe-

cies probably came from New Zealand. We tentatively place vinde-

mialis Gn. in Barathra Hbn., type albicolon Sepp cited by

Grote, 1895, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 71. According to Hampson’s

taxonomy Barathra will replace Trichoclea. We have had no

opportunity to study the European albicolon in relation to North

American species.

4 See Barnes and Benjamin, 1926, Pan.-Pac. Ent., Ill, 71, for generic

synonymy.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

NEW PHAL.^NID^ (LEPID.)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Mesembragrotis Barnes and Benjamin, gen. nov.

Type Mesembragrotis ruckesi sp. nov.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, extending about equally

with the frontal armature, the second joint scaled and not conspicu-

ously fringed with hair, the third, moderate, porrect; frons with a

truncate conical prominence with a fiat vertical corneous process at

middle like a beak; eyes rounded, naked, unciliated; antenna of

male scarcely serrate, fasciculate, laterally doubly fasciculate from

each joint; antennae of female simple, ciliated; head and thorax

clothed with broad serrate scales, with very little hair; prothorax

with a slight spreading crest; mesothorax with double tufts; meta-

thorax with a large scale tuft; all tibiae strongN spined, the fore

tibiae also armed distally with two heavy claws on each side. Fore

wing with veins 3 and 5 from close to the angle of the cell, 6 from

somewhat below upper angle; 9 from 10, anastomosing with 8 to form

the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of

cell; 5 obsolescent from somewhat below middle of discocellulars;

6, 7 stalked or connate, variable individually.

Presumably allied to Mesemhreuxoa Hamps. but differing on

palpi, antennae, vestiture, and probably also on tibial armature.

Mesembragrotis ruckesi Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Head and thorax mixed black, rufous and ochreous; collar with

more or less of a transverse black stripe. Fore wing with ground

color grayish ochreous, more or less heavily shaded and powdered

by black and appearing quite dark; basal line indicated on costa;

t. a. line blackish, waved; claviform long, black outlined; orbicular

irregularly ovate, variable in exact shape, black outlined; reniform

irregular, whitish, black outlined, with more or less of a dusky cres-

cent which may or may not have a paler center; t. p. line black,

produced to points on the veins, bent outward on costa, more or less

incurved in discal fold, and more strongly so in submedian fold;

s. t. line dentate, outwardly defined by a pale shade; a terminal

series of black points. Hind wing white tinged with fuscous espe-

cially on veins and toward the termen.

The species has much the appearance of a '‘Euxoa" of the

tessellata group.

Type locality: near Alpine, Texas (O. C. Poling).

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6 , 1-7 September,

1926; allotype $,22-31 August, 1926; 6 6 10 $ paratypes,

22-31 August and 1-7 September, 1926.

July, 1927] BARNES-BENJAMIN new PHAL^NIDyE

N A CO PA B. and Beiij.

Type Acopa histi'igata B. and McD.

1924, B. and Benj., Contrib., V, (3), 151.

We commented upon this genus in our original description.

The types of bistrigata, and only examples known to us were

both rather poor and considerably rubbed. From a series of

another species, described below, and which seems surely closely

allied, we would now place the genus in the Cuculliinse, as the

eyes appear distinctly lashed, the lashes long but probably

easily broken off.

In the Cuculliinae Nacopa seems to have no close allies. We

are inclined to place it near Euros Hy. Edw. mainly because of

its Heliothid habitus.

Nacopa melanderi Barnes & Benjamin, sp. nov.

Male. Mouse gray irrorated with white; fore wing with basal line

as a white dot on costa; t. a. line as a white w-mark; t. p. line white,

nearly erect, joined by a curved white mark in cell which takes the

place of a reniform and isolates an irregular spot of ground color;

s. t. line white, waved from costa to inner margin; fringe pale,

checkered. Hind wing pale gray.

What we take to be females of the same species are two spe-

cimens possessing- exactly the same markings as the males, but

with the ground color bright rufous.

The species is closely allied to bistrigata, but the male

antennae are strongly serrate. In bistrigata there appears to be

only two transverse white bands because the upper part of the

t. p. and the lower part of the s. t. lines are practically obliter-

ated, while the upper part of the s. t. line is practically joined

to the lower part of the t. p, line, thus parts of two lines form

a single line. The name bistrigata is obviously based on this

line and the t. a. line. N . melanderi clearly shows three dis-

tinct transverse white lines isolated by ground color.

Type locality: near Alpine, Texas (O. C. Poling).

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6, 8-14 July, 1926;

allotype 9, 1-7 April, 1926; 13 6 1 9 Paratypes, various

dates of May and July.

“Polia” buscki Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Hair on eyes present but rather sparse.

Male. Antennas ciliated, the joints slightly marked. Ground color

of head, thorax and fore wing dull olive gray tinged with brown and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

irrorated with black; base of wing blackish; basal line irregular,

mainly visible as a filling of ground color; t. a. line waved; orbicular

round, minute, more or less obsolescent, surrounded by a black ring;

reniform large, poorly defined, almost as a blotch; median area of

wing black; t. p. line produced to points on the veins, oblique on

costa, excurved about cell, incurved in submedian fold; s. t. line

waved, pale, inwardly marked by some black more or less tending

to form sagittate marks, outwardly marked by diffuse black shades;

an obsolescent terminal line; fringes luteous at base, with black inter-

line and checkering, and pale tips. Hind wing nearly pure white,

without discal spot or transverse line, the veins slightly tinged with

fuscous. Beneath: white, powdered with fuscous along costal margins.

Female. Similar, but with hind wing more clouded with fuscous.

We know of no closely allied North American species, and

suggest placement following marinitincta.

Expanse: 30-31 mm.

Type locality: near Alpine, Brewster Co., Texas (O. C.

Poling) .

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 6, 15-30 May, 1926;

allotype $, 8-14 May, 1926; 1 6 paratype, 8-14 July, 1926;

2 $ paratypes, 22-30 May, 1926.

ON THE IDENTITY OF ASTHENA LUCATA GN.

(LEPID., GEOMETRID^)

BY WULLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

This species was described by Guenee, 1857, Spec. Gen., IX,

437, based on a single female from Canada.

A female, figured by Oberthur (f. 3398), is in the Barnes

collection. It bears labels “Canada,” “ex Musseo Ach. Guenee,”

“Typicum Specimen.” This specimen agrees well with the origi-

nal description which is decidedly violated by the species here-

tofore placed as lucata. We think it is the type. It is in rather

poor condition, without body or hind legs. We have seen no

other examples like it. It belongs to the group with . single

accessory cell, twelve veins to the primary, unarmed fore tibiae,

m. d. c. vein of hind wing nearly erect, short palpi, and dark

frons. It has much the markings and appearance of a pale

Hydrelia inornata, but with the size of Venusia camhrica. Ten-

tatively we leave the species in Hydrelia. The name condensata

Wlk. becomes available for lucata Auct. nec Gn.

July, 1927] dyar — ten new lepidoptera

TEN NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM MEXICO

BY HARRISON G. DYAR

United States National Museum

Washington, D. C.

Hesperiid^

Oarisma era Dyar, n. sp.

Wings black above, the margins bright orange, cut by the veins;

on fore wing the terminal third is invaded by the orange color,

becoming faint at tornus; hind wing less broadly orange, disappear-

ing below vein 2. Below the orange of fore wing is broader costally,

shaded, only slightly cut by black veins; hind wing dark brown, the

veins powdery white lines, the orange touching the margin and

running deeply toward base along submedian fold. Expanse, 32 mm.

Three specimens, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, Septem-

ber and October, 1926 (R. Muller),

Noctuid^

Eripoyga lathen Dyar, n. sp.

Dark brown; fore wing dark brown with yellowish under tint;

subbasal and inner lines black, narrow, waved, obscurely doubled,

slightly paler filled; outer line sharply crenulate on the veins, with

a faint outer uncrenulate doubling line, slightly paler filled; clavi-

form scarcey indicated; orbicular round, slightly paler filled; reni-

form similarly paler filled, but largely obscured by a median black

shade-line, which is angled in the reniform at a minute white speck

in its lower corner; subterminal line yellowish, powdery, a little

flexuous, emphasized by little black cuneiform dashes, small below,

more distinct but short opposite cell; termen somewhat darker

shaded, pale terminal line and dark fringe. Hind wing dark brown

without discal lightening; fringe contrastingly paler, yellowish, brown

irrorate. Expanse, 30 mm.

Type, female, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, October, 1926

(R. Muller).

Hyssia stellipars Dyar, n. sp.

Dark gray; fore wing dark gray; subbasal half line and inner line

black, double, coarsely crenulate; a narrow black line from base

along submedian fold to location of obsolete claviform; orbicular and

reniform large, black outlined, concolorous filled; orbicular some-

what oblique, reniform pale filled above, below with the median

black shade which runs obliquely from costa, narrow below and

parallel to the outer line; veins minutely white powdered, two white

streaks beyond reniform at bases of veins 4 and 5; outer line narrow,

black followed by a narrow pale area; terminal space rather darkly

shaded, the subterminal line black irregularly dentate shaded; a

black terminal line with pale points. Blind wing whitish over the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

disk, veins and margin broadly dark gray; fringe whitish interlined

with dark. Expanse, 24 mm. Male antennse simple.

Type, male, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, October, 1926

(R. Muller).

Pseudacontia tricircula Dyar, n. sp.

Wings narrow, elongate, rather squarely cut. Light gray; fore

wing light grajq darker basally, costall}'^ and terminally, finely irror-

ate; inner line far from base, slender, black, straight across wing;

claviform, orbicular and reniform rounded, neatly outlined in black,

concolorous filled, claviform touching inner line, ovate; reniform

with a dark central cloud; outer line slender, black, single, looped

out beyond reniform which nearly touches it; veins indistinctly dark

lined outwardly; subterminal line obsolete; a narrow black terminal

line; fringe paler, spotted with gray. Hind wing white, with traces

of a gray terminal line apically and faint submarginal dots on the

veins. Expanse, 32 mm.

Type, male, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, September,

1926 (R. Muller).

Structurally agreeing with Pseudacontia, but the entirely

different wing shape may ultimately require another genus.

Agrotis miniptica Dyar, n. sp.

Fore wing warm gray; a little line of bright red along costal

margin, inner margin and tip of fringe; subbasal half line slender,

black, inwardly oblique; inner line blackish, single, dislocatedly

angled on vein 1, very obsoletely doubled within; reniform and

orbicular yellow margined, orbicular open above, reniform with a

blackish cloud in lower segment; a median shade line, roundedly

incurved in cell; outer line slender, denticulate on the veins, very

obsoletely doubled outwardly; subterminal line shaded, dusky, tend-

ing to form cuneiform spots between the veins, with a few bright

scales outwardly; a terminal dotted dark line. Hind wing translucent

blackish, fringe pale. Expanse, 41 mm.

Type, female, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, October, 1926

(R. Muller).

Geometrid^

Sicya sistenda Dyar, n. sp.

Fore wing light yellow, the costa rather broadly pale pinkish, but

the color is not contrasted; a small round dark brown discal dot;

outer line only present, pale purplish, faint below vein 3, the upper

part shaded and with small blackish points on the veins; fringe con-

colorous. Hind wing whitish, yellow shaded outwardly; a single

small round discal point. Expanse, 31 mm.

Type, male, Colima, Colima, Mexico, October, 1926

(R. Muller).

July, 1927] dyar — ten new lepidoptera

Eucymatoge obiiquiplaga Dyar n. sp.

Fore wing light gray, reddish brown narrowly at base; a basal

black dot; a subbasal narrow black angled line; centrally four lines

cross the wing, the inner broadly shaded and oblique from before

middle of inner margin to end of cell, where it is reflexed to costa;

other lines roundedly excurved over cell to costa, the outer one more

remote and showing dots on the veins above; costa apically black

shaded; an indefinite subterminal line; a terminal black line with

dots on the veins. Hind wing very pale gray, with six lines on the

inner half, basal broad, second and third wavy, fourth broad, fifth

and sixth wavy; a minute discal dot. Expanse, 18 mm.

Type, female, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, October,

1926 (R. Muller).

Pyralid^

Desmia pantalis Dyar, n. sp.

Antennas long; a slight bend at basal fourth, but without dis-

tinct tuft. Fore wing narrow, pointed, lustrous bronzy brown; two

large white semihyaline spots, the inner crossing the wing, with a

wavy black line just within its lower border below; outer spot from

costa to vein 3, also with a denticulate black line outwardly, within

its outer edge costally; fringe white, interlined with brown. Hind

wing with the disk broadly white from costa to inner margin, nar-

rowing sharply toward inner margin; a round black spot on origin

of veins 3-5; a curved spot beyond it close to the black margin,

this spot faintly continued toward costa; fringe as on fore wing.

Expanse, 24 mm.

Type, male, Colima, Colima, Mexico, November, 1926

(R. Muller).

Nearest ufeus Cramer, but the outer line unusually detached

and two black spots on hind wing.

Crambus rotarellus Dyar, n. sp.

Fore wing silvery white, shaded with blackish along base of costa

and irrorated with this color over lower half of wing; a diffused

yellowish brown line beyond middle, sharply angled at discal fold,

else straight, with an intensification at discal fold; an outer double

submarginal line, inner segment crenulate, outer shaded and broken;

a narrow terminal black line, with little dashes at the ends of the

veins. Hind wing white. Expanse, 15 mm.

Type, female, Contepec, Michoacan, Mexico, September,

1926 (R. Muller).

Near pusionellus Zeller, larger, the outer line crenulate and

excurved only subcostally.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

Syntomid^

Leucotmemis pardalimacula Dyar, n. sp.

Antennae black with a white patch on one side before tip. Head

orange; thorax black, a broad orange stripe on each patagium and

an anterior orange spot between. Abdomen blue-black with whitish

reflection, segments bordered posteriorly with orange above and

below. Wings hyaline, veins and outer border black; apex broadly

black, truncating the hyaline area almost to margin at vein 3, broad

again at tornus; orange markings bordering the hyaline area as fol-

lows: A line below vein 12 to end of hyaline area; a small spot in

base of cell; a lunate discal spot; a spot below it in interspace 2-3;

four spots at end of hyaline area between veins 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7

respectively; two spots at end of hyaline area on either side of sub-

median fold; a long spot at base below submedian fold; a spot at

base, and further out a long spot below vein 1. Hind wing small,

black, with two hyaline areas, the basal edged with orange above and

below, the outer with a little orange outwardly, cut by three black

veins; costal edge orange to outer hyaline spot. Expanse, 37 mm.

Type, female, Colima, Colima, Mexico, October, 1926

(R. Muller).

ON THE IDENTITY OF CHCERODES

INCURVATA GN.

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

This insect was described by Guenee, 1852, Sp. Gen., IX, 37,

and figured in Atlas, pi. Ill, f. 2. The Barnes collection pos-

sesses a specimen bearing labels, “Bdv.,” “Ex Musaeo Ach.

Guenee,” “Typicum Specimen.” This specimen exactly agrees

with the original description. The transverse lines and black

shades have obviously been accentuated by the artist who made

the figure as the description states “ — saupoudrees d’atomes

noirs qui s’accumulent en une serie peu marquee de taches sub-

terminales, avec une ligne fine, peu visible, tres-droite, marquee

de points blancs sur les nervures — ”

We are convinced that the specimen before us is the type.

Other females from St. Petersburg, Florida, closely match

it, and the name should be used for the Gulf Strip race of

Sahulodes transversata Dru. with transvertens Wlk. as a color

form, slightly paler but with more heavily marked t. p. lines.

The form heretofore going as incurvata was determined in

the Guenee collection as transversata, which accounts for

Guenee having renamed the typical transversata, goniata.

July, 1927]

VAN DYKE RHYNCHOPHORA

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN RHYN-

CHOPHORA (COLEOPTERA)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Pissodes robustus Van Dyke, new species

Robust, reddish brown, pronotum with the usual two small patches

of white scales, a few similar scales in front and more numerous

ones along the sides, scutellum completely clothed with white scales,

the elytra with rather large subbasal patches of light buff scales,

obliquely placed from the third to seventh interval, and very large

patches of white and buff scales at apex of elytral declivity, the

latter broadly margined with black, the underside and legs more or

less ornamented with white scales. Head coarsely, densely punc-

tured in front, a deep fovea between eyes; beak shorter than pro-

thorax, very broad and robust, coarsely, densely punctured at base,

more finely apically. Prothorax slightly broader than long, almost

as broad as elytra, very convex, hind angles obtuse and slightly

rounded, sides broadly arcuate and gradually narrowed toward apex,

the disk coarsely, closely punctured and with small carina at middle.

Elytra twice as long as prothorax, third and fifth intervals consider-

ably elevated, the seventh to a lesser degree, the fifth tuberculate

posteriorly, the striae very coarsely, not closely punctured. Length

6 mm. from base of beak to tip of elytra, beak 1.75 mm., breadth

2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2464, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and paratype

in my collection, taken by Mr. A. H. Muzzall at Camp 20,

Hammond Lumber Company, Humboldt County, California,

June and July, 1916. The host tree was not identified.

This species has a color pattern very close to that of Pissodes

terminalis Hopping,^ but it differs greatly otherwise, for it has

a more robust and shorter rostrum and the hind angles to pro-

thorax obtuse and somewhat rounded, not sharply right angled.

In Hopkins’ Monograph of Pissodes,^ it would fall in his key

to the species very close to similis Hopk., but can be separated

from the same by being larger with the rostrum and prothorax

both more robust, the latter with hind angles obtuse and some-

what rounded, the elytra with alternate intervals more elevated

and color pattern more conspicuous. From Pissodes barberi

Hopk., which occurs in its territory, it differs definitely by being

1 A New Species of the Genus Pissodes (Coleoptera), by Ralph

Hopping, Can. Ent. Vol. LII (June, 1920), p. 133.

2 Contribution toward a monograph of the bark weevils of the Genus

Pissodes, by A. D. Hopkins, Tec. Ser. No. 20, pt. 1, U. S. D. A.,

November 11, 1911.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

reddish brown, not black, with the anterior elytral color patch

rather large, not indistinct, and the posterior very large, not

small. Pissodes costatus Mann., which also simulates it, lacks

the very robust rostrum and prothorax, the somewhat rounded

hind angles to latter, the rather large anterior color patch, and

in addition has the posterior spot anterior to the declivity.

Pissodes ochraceus Van Dyke, new species

Robust, reddish brown, pronotum with the usual two patches of

white scales and in addition a few buff scales in front, elytra with

a subbasal patch of ochre colored scales, of moderate size, and a

large transverse patch of scales of the same color, surrounded by a

black margin, anterior to the elytral declivity, and a few scattered

white scales both above and beneath. Head moderately coarsely,

densely punctured in front, a shallow fovea between the eyes; beak

equal in length to prothorax, robust, coarsely, densely punctured at

base, finer apically. Prothorax slightly broader than long, almost

as broad as elytra, ver}'- convex, hind angles obtuse and blunt, sides

broadly and evenly arcuate until near apex where suddenly con-

stricted, disk coarsely, closely punctured and with fine carina at

middle. Elytra twice as long as prothorax, third and fifth intervals

distinctly elevated, the seventh to a lesser degree, the fifth tubercu-

late posteriorly, the stria coarsely, not closely punctured. Length

6.5 mm. from base of beak to tip of elytra, beak 2 mm., breadth

2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2465, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and one para-

type in my collection, taken by myself at Meadow Valley,

Plumas County, California, June 6, 1924. The host tree could

not be located.

The distinctive color pattern of this species readily separates

it from all of our other species. Structurally, it somewhat

resembles the preceding but has a slightly narrower and more

cylindrical beak, less coarsely punctured, more suddenly nar-

rowed prothorax in front, and the posterior elytral maculation

anterior to the basal declivity. In this latter regard as well as

by its general shape, it closely approaches Pissodes costatus

Mann, and is no doubt somewhat related to it.

Anculopus Van Dyke, new genus

Moderately elongate and somewhat flattened; beak free, not flexed,

moderately robust, somewhat shorter than prothorax, slightly curved,

suddenly constricted at base and just behind eyes, the apical por-

tion slightly wider than basal, antennse inserted toward sides one-

third from apex and with insertion visible from above, the scrobes

deep, bent backward and beneath to inferior margin of eyes where

July, 1927]

VAN DYKE RHYNCtlOPHORA

somewhat dilated, mandibles biemarginate and tridentate at tip; eyes

not large but protuberant and slightly angulated at apex; antennae

with first segment of funicle longer than broad, the four following

transverse and gradually broader, the terminal forming a compact

fusiform club. Prothorax longer than broad, the prosternum slightly

emarginate in front, the front coxae narrowly separated by prosternal

spine. First and second ventral segments each considerably longer

than third and fourth united, the triangular suture separating them

finely yet distinctly defined throughout. The femora moderately

clavate, tihiae rather long, curved near apex, with corbels and a long

oblique claw at apex which is dilated and ciliated basally.

Genotype, Anculopus foveatus Van Dyke.

This genus undoubtedly belongs very near Paraplinthus and

as such within the tribe Hylobiini as defined by LeConte and

Horn."'' The more restricted tribe given by Blatchley and Leng ^

would not receive it because of the distinct though narrow

separation of the front coxte though it possesses all of the

other characters called for. I believe that the Pissodini should

be kept distinct from the Hylobiini as has been done by the

latter workers, but I also believe that the second tribe should

be extended so as to admit this genus, for it without doubt

belongs here. From Paraplinthus and other members of the

tribe, it differs by the narrow separation of the front cox3e as

well as by the peculiar stalk-like formation of the eyes, the

latter character separating it from all weevils which might be

confused with it.

Anculopus foveatus Van Dyke, new species

Somewhat elongate, slightly flattened above; black, the rostrum,

antennse and legs rufopiceous. Head with basal portion smooth and

shining, rostrum coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctured basally,

more finely, distinctly and closely apically. Prothorax distinctly

longer than broad, apex truncate above, base slightly arcuate, sides

broadb'^ arcuate, constricted in front, disk moderately convex, a

narrow and smooth longitudinal carina at middle, elsewhere opaque

and deeply pitted or foveate, the foveas well spaced and with a

minute golden scale at the bottom of each. Elytra almost twice as

long as prothorax and distinctly wider, elongate elliptical, moder-

ately convex, the striae defined by a series of very large, deep foveas,

somewhat closely placed, the intervals narrow and sinuate in front,

broader and elongate tuberculate at sides and rear, the general sur-

3 Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, by John L.

LeConte and Georg-e H. Horn, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., No. 26 (1883),

pp. 468-9.

4 Rhynchophora or Weevils of Northeastern America, by W. S.

Blatchley and C. W. Leng, Indianapolis (1916), p. 139.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

face opaque like prothorax and with small golden scales at the

bottom of each fovea and sparsely grouped on the summits of the

tubercles. Beneath dull and coarsely but more shallowly foveate

than above, the last ventral segment and legs more finely and closely

punctured, all punctures with golden scales as above. Femora

unarmed. Length including beak, 6 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype (No. 2466, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique in

my collection, taken by myself at Humptulips, Washington,

May 28, 1914.

This deeply pitted species superficially resembles the Euro-

pean Epipolacus (Plinthus) caliginosus (Fabr.) and some of

the more robust Cossoninse, but no weevil that we have in

this country. It no doubt has habits somewhat similar to

Paraplinthus carinatus (Mann.), for it was found in deep

coniferous woods just as that is.

Acmaegenius granicollis Van Dyke, new species

Robust, black, subopaque, sparsely clothed with rigid hair, moder-

ately dense and suberect on elytra, and with a few scattered white

scales. Head somewhat shining, coarsely, densely punctured; beak

broad, deeply grooved above, with less defined lateral grooves, and

scrobe deep and broad to lower margin of eyes; antennae less com-

pact than in hylobinus and with second funicular segment propor-

tionally longer. Prothorax as long as broad, hardly narrower at

apex than base, sides moderately arcuate, disk convex, densely punc-

tured and with intervals elevated into shining granules or small

irregular tubercles. Elytra oval, almost twice as wide as prothorax

and about two and a half times as long, disk very convex, striae

coarsely, moderately closely punctured, intervals vaguely convex and

rather densely, irregularly punctured. Beneath rather densely, mod-

erately finely punctured and rugose. Length including beak, 10 mm.;

breadth, 4.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2469, Mus, Calif. Acad Sci.), a unique in my

collection from Carbon County, Wyoming.

This species superficially looks like some of the smaller, more

rubbed specimens of the only other species of the genus,

hylobinus, but it definitely differs by having a prothorax that

is evidently granulate above, merely punctate in the other, as

long as broad, whereas broader in the other, and with the apex

hardly narrower than base in contrast to a much narrower apex

in the other ; with the scrobe almost touching the eye, while it

does not in the other ; and with the underside evidently rugose.

In my series of fifteen specimens of hylobinus from south-

eastern Oregon and northeastern California, there is con-

July, 1927] van dyke — rhynchophora

siderable variation especially as regards the distinctness of

punctation of the elytral intervals, but none of them approach

the other species in regard to the characters mentioned as

defining it.

Trichalophus brunneus Van Dyke, new species

Large and robust, black, upper surface clothed with small cupreous

brown scale-like hair, interrupted here and there along the line of

the strise, and with a conspicuous patch of silvery scale-like hairs

along the sides of prothorax, a rounded patch on the disk of each

elytra one-fourth distance from the base and a double patch on the

sides of the elytral declivity on what would correspond to the fifth

and sixth intervals, also a few small patches defining the lateral

striae, the underside with the pro-and mesosternum densely covered

with brownish white scales, the abdomen with a few similar scales

at sides, elsewhere finely pilose. Head with deep groove on upper

surface of rostrum, lateral grooves moderately deep and triangular

and the scrobe deep as usual. Prothorax slightly broader than long,

evidently transversely impressed near apex, sides slightly arcuate

in front of middle, disk evenly convex, moderatelj'’ coarsely, densely

punctured and finely granulate, a fine longitudinal carina at middle

with a small fovea in front. Elytra about three times as long as

prothorax and not quite twice as wide, very convex, apical declivity

abrupt, apices divergent and dentate, discal strise vague, lateral

faintly impressed. Beneath with outer hind margin of fourth ventral

segment dentate as in didymus and constrictus. Length including

rostrum, 13 mm.; breadth, 5.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2470, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique in

my collection, taken by myself in the Yakima Indian Forest

Reserve, altitude 3000 feet, on the east slope of Mount

Adams, Washington, July 1, 1925.

This large and handsome species with the four silvery elytral

spots standing out more conspicuously than in any of the other

species against the rich coppery brown background, should

make it readily recognizable. In LeConte’s table ° it would come

close to constrictus (Lee.).

In this connection I wish to state that my series of specimens

seem to prove that didymus (Lee.) and constrictus (Lee.) are

but phases of the same thing as was surmised by Le Conte.

Both are often found in the same territory. These two also pos-

sess along with brunneus, a very prominent tooth on the outer

posterior margin of the fourth ventral segment, a character

which is not present in the other species.

6 The Rhynchophora of America, North of Mexico, by John L.

LeConte and. George H. Horn, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV (1876), p. 119.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. IV, NO. 1

Trichalophus foveirostris Chittenden ®

This insect belongs, I believe, in the genus Plinthodes Lee.

rather than in Trichalophus. I have had several specimens of

it in my collection for many years. They were taken in the

coniferous forests on the top of Mount Mitchell and the adja-

cent peaks of the Black Mountains of North Carolina, during

June, by Mr. William Eeutenmueller and myself.

This species is smaller and the females more robust than

tccniatus. In addition it is brown in color, with a more general

dispersal of scale-like hair, has a shorter rostrum with shorter

and broader lateral grooves, more prominent eyes, more finely

rugose pronotum, narrower and slightly convex elytral inter-

vals which are also more finely rugulose, and the third and

fourth ventral segments broader. In some ways it strongly

suggests some of the species of Trichalophus, especially as

regards its size, color and vestiture, but its generic characters

are eminently those of Plinthodes.

PhlcEOphagus californicus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel, smooth and shining, rufopiceous. Head with

eyes evidently protuberant, rostrum slightly longer than one-half

length of prothorax, robust, distinctly and sparsely punctured;

antennae with first segment of funicle evidently longer than broad,

second to seventh closely united, transverse and gradually broader,

the club elliptical. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, sides rather

evenly arcuate, constricted near apex, disk rather deeply, coarsely

punctured, the punctures separated by a distance equal to their own

diameter, finer near anterior margin. Elytra twice as long as pro-

thorax, barely vnder, sides parallel for basal three-fourths, broadly

rounded to apex, stria; deep, rather coarsely, closely punctured,

intervals perceptibly convex and crenulate, with a single series of

fine punctures, the two outer longer intervals more or less finely

carinate, the outermost evanescent before apex, the sulci on either

side, therefore, blending near apex. Beneath rather coarsely, sparsely

punctured, finer and closer on three anal segments. Length includ-

ing rostrum, 3.75 mm.; breadth, 1.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2471, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several

designated paratypes from a series of twenty-eight specimens.

My types were collected at Los Angeles, California, many

years ago. Others are from Saticoy, Ventura County, and

Santa Barbara, California. It breeds commonly in the decay-

6 Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, XXVII (1925), p. 141.

July, 1927] van dyke — rhynchophora

ing branches of willow, alder, walnut, and similar trees in

company with Rhyncolus angularis Lee.

This species is larger than any of the species listed from

eastern North America except Codiosoma (Phlceophagus)

spadix (Herbst.) and is readily separated from that by being

elongate subparallel and not pilose. It is also separated from

Phlceophagus apionides Horn and variolatus Dury by its larger

size as well as sparser pronotal punctation. From Phloeophagus

minor Horn which it was questionably determined as many

years ago, it differs by being larger, with rostrum broader at

base and not dilated apically, by having the eyes more promi-

nent, prothorax less narrowed forward, and much coarser

punctation, especially of pronotum.

Phloeophagus canadensis Van Dyke, new species

Similar in general appearance to californicus but a bit larger, more

robust; the rostrum less dilated, eyes hardly projecting beyond side

margins of head, first segment of funicle as broad as long, prothorax

more robust and inclined to have sides somewhat parallel at middle,

elytra more attenuated posteriorly and the two outer longer elytral

intervals, eighth and ninth, carinate posteriorly, the outermost reach-

ing the apex. Length including beak, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2472, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and three para-

types collected by Mr. F. S. Carr at Medicine Hat, Alberta,

Canada, from decaying cottonwood, Populus, June 20, 1926.

I have also seen another specimen taken at Victoria, British

Columbia, by Mr. G. A. Hardy,

ON THE IDENTITY OF ACIDALIA BALISTARIA GN.

(LEPID., GEOMETRID.T:)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

This species was described by Guenee, 1857, Sp. Gen., IX,

453, from 3 6,1$, Collections Boisduval and Lefebvre.

There is a female in the Barnes collection labeled “Typicum

Specimen,’’ “Ex Musaeo Ach. Guenee.” This agrees well with

the original description and is the species going in collections

as rufescetis Hist. The Guenee name has priority, Acidalia

balistaria Auct. nec Gn, becomes Euacidalia perirrorata Pack,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

A NEW SPECIES OF DIPLOCYSTA FROM THE

PHILIPPINES (HEMIP.-TINGITID^)

BY CARL J. DRAKE

Ames, Iowa

Diplocysta opipara Drake, new species

Elongate, moderately broad, yellowish brown, with brown to dark

fuscous markings. Head short; anterior spines very short, blunt;

median and posterior spines not very long, contiguous with the sur-

face of the head. Bucculae long, narrow, closed in front. Rostral

channel open behind, the rostrum reaching almost to the venter.

Odoriferous canal long and prominent. Antennae long, brownish;

segment I much stouter and a little longer than II; III very long,

two and one-half times the length of IV; IV long, clothed with

moderately long hairs, black, except small basal portion.

Pronotum tricarinate; the lateral carinae short. Paranota enor-

mously developed, somewhat cone-shaped, strongly inflated, cover-

ing most of pronotum (median portion of collum and most of tri-

angular portion exposed), divaricating toward their crests. Elytra

very similar in general appearance and color markings to D. nubila

Drake; costal area irregularly triseriate, the areolae variable in size.

Body beneath black. Legs brownish, the tips of tarsi fuscous.

Length, 4.32 mm.; width, 1.68 mm.

The lighter, more cone-shaped and divaricating paranota dis-

tinguish D. opipara n. sp. from D. nubila Drake. D. nimia

Drake differs in having a broader costal area and much more

strongly inflated paranota. The costal area is uniseriate in

D. bilobota Horvath.

Holotype (male) and allotype (female) Bagnio, Luzon,

Philippine Islands, in Drake collection. Three paratypes,

taken with type in California Academy of Science and Drake

collection.

ON THE PLACEMENT OF “OGDOCONTA” CAR-

NEOLA SM. (LEPID., PHAL^NID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Homoanarta carneola Sm.

1891, Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVIII, 110, Telesilla.

Professor M. Draudt has called our attention to the fact that

this species, usually placed in Ogdoconta, has strongly lashed

eyes and belongs in the genus Homoanarta of the Cuculliinse.

July, 1927]

WINTERS HELOCHAR^

KEY TO THE SUBTRIBE HELOCHAR^ ORCHYM.

(COLEOPTERA-HYDROPHILID^) OF

BOREAL AMERICA

BY FRED C. WINTERS

Santa Barbara, California

All tarsi five-jointed 2

Middle and hind tarsi four-jointed 4

2. Pseudo-basal joint of maxillary palpus curved, with the con-

vexity to the front; mesosternum with a longitudinal lamina;

elytra confusedly punctate Enochrus

— . Pseudo-basal joint of maxillary palpus curved, with the con-

vexity posteriorly; mesosternum at the most feebly pro-

tuberant 3

3. Labrum visible Helochares

— . Labrum concealed beneath clypeus, clypeus projecting later-

ally in front of the eyes to a great extent Helobata

4. Mesosternal carina transverse or elevated at middle, forming a

pyramidal or dentiform protuberance; maxillary palpi not

longer than in Enochrus \ tarsal claws simple Cymbiodyta

— . Mesosternum with a compressed conical process; maxillary

palpi long and slender; claws broadly toothed at base in

male Helocombus

Genus Enochrus (Thoms.) Zaitz.

Last two joints of maxillary palpi nearly equal in length

Subgen. Enochrus s. str.

Last joint of maxillary palpi always shorter than the preceding 2

2. Series of coarser punctures on head and thorax indistinct or

very much reduced Subgen. Methydrus Rey

Series of coarser punctures distinct Subgen. Lumetus Zaitz.

Subgenus Enochrus Thoms.

Prosternum not carinate, piceous; sides of head and prothorax

pale cuspidatus (Lee.)

Prosternum carinate 2

2. Piceous; head entirely, tips of last joint of maxillary palpi

piceous; front angles of prothorax narrowly testaceous

1 carinatus (Lee.)

— . Prothorax and elytra rufo-testaceous, head piceous

fucatus (Horn)

Subgenus Methydrus Rey

Three species belonging to this subgenus have been described

from our fauna. They are undoubtedly closely related to each

other, and further studies may prove them mere variations.

The mesosternal carina is feebly prominent, never laminiform.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

Larger size, 3-4 mm ochraceus (Melsh.)

Smaller size, 2.5-3 mm curialis Knisch., sublongus (Fall)

E. ochraceus (Melsh.). Common in the New England States,

rare in California. I have seen specimens from Kissena Lake,

L. I. ; Hackensack Meadows and Lakehurst, N. J. ; Flatbush,

Flushing, L. I. (Coll. Dow) ; Montgomery City, Md. (Coll.

Shoemaker) ; Westport, Freetown and Stoneham, Mass. (Coll.

Dodge) ; Riverside, Cal., June, in my collection; Richmond, Va.,

the specimens from this last locality being of smaller size,

about 3 mm.

E. curialis Knisch was described in the Entomol. Anz., Jahr.

IV, No. 5, from three examples of the Stockholm Museum’s

collection from Carolina.

E. sublongus Fall, Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XXI (1926),

p. 125, described as Philhydrus elongatulus Fall (new spec, of

N. A. Hydrobiini) Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXII (1924), p. 85,

from specimens taken at St. Petersburg and Tarpon Springs,

Fla., in which special reference was made to the extremely

minute emargination of the last ventral segment.

Subgenus Lumetus Zaitz.

Professor Fall called attention to the fact that a number of

species in this group have a small emargination at the apex

of the last ventral segment, a character I shall make use of in

the following table:

Last ventral segment emarginate at apex 2

Last ventral segment not emarginate 7

2. Prosternum carinate 3

■ — . Prosternum not carinate 4

3. Prothorax with a large discal piceous space nigrellus (Sharp)

— . Prothorax entirely testaceous

nebulosus (Say) and var. pectoralis (Lee.)

4. Anterior claws of male not distinctly toothed although with a

basal angulation 5

— . Anterior claws of male distinctly toothed 6

5. Basal marginal line of prothorax distinct, maxillary palpi more

or less piceo-testaceous, western calif ornicus (Horn)

• — . Basal marginal line indistinct, maxillary palpi testaceous, large

species, eastern cinctus (Say)

6. Large species, length 7-8 mm., maxillary palpi piceous

consors (Lee.)

blatchleyi Fall

— . Smaller, 3.5-4 mm.

July, 1927]

WINTERS HELOCHAR^

7. At least one claw on each tarsus of male toothed 8

— . Anterior claws of male not toothed, species piceous

perplexus (Lec.)

8. Species piceous conjunctus (Fall)

— . Entire upper surface testaceous reflexipennis (Zimm.)

— . Prothorax with a large discal piceous space, broader species

hamiltoni (Horn)

— . Prothorax testaceous, head more or less piceous, narrower

species dijfusus (Lec.)

E. nigrellus (Sharp), Biol, Centr. Amer. Coleop., I (2),

1882, p. 68 (Philhydrus) .

This is an addition to our list. Elliptical, convex, shining, brown

to piceo-testaceous, head piceous with a paler space in front of each

eye. Prothorax with a large piceous median space, sometimes shad-

ing gradually into the paler color of the sides, distinctly and moder-

ately closely punctate, the arcuate and transverse series of coarser

punctures and basal marginal line distinct. Elytra punctured simi-

larly to the thorax, with the punctures less impressed toward the

apex, the usual series of coarser punctures distinct. Body beneath

piceous, opaque, prosternum strongly carinate, the carina more

elevated in front, mesosternal lamina very prominent with an acute

angle, femora piceous, tibis and tarsi rufo-testaceous, tarsal claws

as in ochraceus, last ventral segment emarginate at middle. Length,

3.5-4 mm.

This species closely resembles ochraceus in shape and color,

but is easily recognized by its carinate prosternum and strongly

laminate mesosternal protuberance. From nebulosus it is sep-

arated by its color and the piceous space at middle of pronotum.

My description is based on a series of twelve specimens from

Riverside and Santa Barbara, California.

E. nebulosus (Say) occurs from Canada to Florida and west-

ward to Indiana and California. I have seen specimens from

Claremont, N. H. (Coll. Dow) ; Pinehaven and Rockaway

Beach, L. I. (Coll. Shoemaker) ; Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Rich-

mond) ; Nashville, Tenn. (Coll. Dodge) ; Paradise Key, Fla.

(Schwarz and Barber) ; Tompkins Cove, N. Y. ; Jekyl Island,

Ga. ; Porto Rico (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist,, N. Y.) ; and Rich-

mond, Va.

The variety pectoralis (Lec.) is confined to southern Cali-

fornia and is distinguished by the minute punctuation of the

upper surface, and averages smaller in size and is less convex

in form than typical nebulosus. It occurs in brooks, my speci-

mens being from Ventura and Riverside, California.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

E. calif ornicus (Horn). This species resembles in form and

color, Cymbiodyta dorsalis (Mots.), but is easily separated from

that species by its generic characters. Specimens when not fully

mature are brownish testaceous, but change to piceo-testaceous

upon reaching maturity. The second maxillary palpus at basal

half, and terminal joint at tip are darker, the coarser arcuate

series of punctures on prothorax and basal marginal line are

distinct, the coarser punctures of elytra indistinct, and the last

ventral segment emarginate. This species seems to prefer stand-

ing water. My specimens are from Santa Barbara and River-

side, California.

E. cinctus (Say). This large piceous species could only be

compared with E. consors (Lee.), but its testaceous maxillary

palpi, indistinct basal marginal line and untoothed male claws

will easily separate it. It prefers standing water and occurs,

according to Doctor Horn, from Canada and the New Eng-

land States south to Georgia and west to Kansas. Blatchley

records it as throughout Indiana, and Leng and Mutchler, from

Lake Worth and Lake Okeechobee, Fla. I have seen speci-

mens from New Haven, Conn. ; Lakehurst and Hackensack

Meadows, N. J. ; Flatbush, Rockaway Beach and Kissenor

Lake, L. I. ; Stoneham, Mass. ; Chicago, 111. ; and the Catskill

Mountains, N. Y.

E. consors (Lee.). The piceous maxillary palpi will separate

this from the other members of its genus, I have seen speci-

mens from Brookville and Lakehurst, N. J. ; Pablo Beach, Fla.

(Coll. Dodge) ,* Writesville, N. C, (Coll. Davis) ; and Paradise

Key, Fla. (Barber and Schwarz).

E. blatchleyi (Fall) is piceous black, formed nearly as in

nehulosus, thorax somewhat paler, ventral apex with a minute

emargination, protarsal claws of male each with a moderately

strong, nearly rectangular basal tooth, and the prosternum not

carinate. I have seen no specimens. Professor Fall records it

from Dunedin, Tarpon Springs, and St. Petersburg, Fla.

E. per pie XUS (Lee.). This may easily be recognized by its

piceous color, elongate form and non-emarginate last ventral

segment. It is common from Canada to Florida. My speci-

mens are from Hackensack Meadows, N. J. ; Kissenor Lake,

L. I.; Ottawa, Ont. (Coll. Beaulne) ; Writesville, N. C. (Coll.

Davis), and Stone Mountain, Ga. (Cornell University).

July, 1927]

WINTERS HELOCHAR^

E. conjunctus (Fall). According to Professor Fall, this spe-

cies much resembles E. carinatus (Lec.) in color but is much

smaller and less convex and, by the palpal characters, belongs

to a different section of the genus. The claws are toothed

somewhat after the manner of E. hamiltoni (Horn). It was

described as from Lake Tahoe, California.

E. reflexipennis (Zimm.). This species may easily be recog-

nized by its pale head and testaceous surface. It is a saltwater

species found on the coast of Connecticut and Long Island.

I have seen specimens from Norwalk and the saltwater marshes

near New Haven, Conn., North Beach and the marshes of

Rockaway Beach, L. 1. (Coll. Shoemaker), and Staten Island.

E. hamiltoni (Horn). This species is as a rule more broadly

oval than the following and the thorax has a large piceous space

at middle. It is common in salt as well as fresh- water marshes

and is recorded from Canada to Florida and westward to Cali-

fornia. I have seen specimens from Rockaway Beach, L. 1. ;

Staten Island; Yonkers, N. Y. ; Chesapeake Beach, Md. ; Tiver-

ton, R. 1. ; Stoneham, Mass. ; Orono, Me. ; Chicago, 111. ;

Wathena, Kan. (Coll. Dodge) ; Cornwall, Conn. (Coll. Cham-

berlin) ; and Paradise Key, Fla. (Schwarz and Barber). Pro-

fessor Blatchley records it as frequent in Lake, Starke, and

Luparte counties, Indiana.

E. diffusus (Lee.). This species while closely resembling

hamiltoni is much more oblong in shape and has no thoracic

piceous space, and the anterior claws of the male are more

everted. Doctor Horn records it from Illinois, Dakota, Wyom-

ing, Nebraska, and California. My specimens are from Santa

Barbara, California, caught in marsh land along the seashore.

It seems to be rare in collections and I have seen none from

the Atlantic coastal regions.

Genus Helochares Muls.

This genus differs from Enochrus by its maxillary palpi

which are shaped like those of Cymbiodyta, from Cymbiodyta

by its five-jointed middle and hind tarsi and slightly emargi-

nate last ventral segment, and from both by having the clypeus

more broadly rounded in front and the apex deeply emarginate,

exposing the labrum to a larger extent. This is the only genus

in the Hydrophilidae, so far as known, where the female attaches

its egg cases to the abdomen until the larvae are hatched.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

Two subgenera occur in our fauna, which may be separated

as follows :

Elytra non-striate, sutural striae absent, maxillary palpi very slender

Subgen. Helochares s. str. Muls. (Kuw.)

Elytra with ten well-marked striae, last joint of maxillary palpi at

the most as long, and as a rule shorter than, the penultimate

Subgen. Hydrobaticus W. McLeay

Subgenus Helochares, s. str. Muls. (Kuw.)

H. sellcB Sharp. Broadly oblong, feebly convex; black

above, shining, sides of clypeus in front of eyes, labrum, the

side margins of prothorax and el 3 rtra reddish piceous ; under

surface dark piceous, antennas, palpi and tarsi paler. Head

distinctly punctate ; clypeus emarginate with an irregular trans-

verse series of larger punctures on either side near the front,

clypeal suture marked by larger punctures ; maxillary palpi very

slender, piceo-testaceous, pseudobasal segment curved with the

convexity posteriorly. Prothorax distinctly punctate, transverse

series of coarser punctures very prominent, basal marginal line

absent. Elytra distinctly punctate, punctures toward apex less

deep with a distinct series of coarser punctures along the

middle, and two others less distinct external to these; sutural

striae absent. Length, 5.5 mm.

This species was collected by Professor Blatchley at Dunedin,

Florida, and described as Philhydrus estriatus Blatch. He had

the kindness to send me a cotype, which I found to be H. sellce

Sharp, originally described by Doctor Sharp from Cordova,

Mexico.

Subgenus Hydrobaticus W. McLeay

The two species known from our fauna are separated as

follows :

Mentum slightly emarginate at apex, arcuate series of coarser

punctures on prothorax absent, eastern maculicollis Muls.

Mentum deeply emarginate, arcuate series of prothoracic punctures

distinct normatus (Lee.)

H. maculicollis Muls. My specimens are from Richmond,

Va. Doctor Horn records it from Ohio to North Carolina,

Florida, and Texas ; Professor Blatchley from Dunedin, Fla. ;

Leng and Mutchler from Eson River, Fla. ; and Uhler from

Washington, D. C.

H. normatus (Lee.) has, as Doctor Horn rightly observed,

the mentum emarginate and the mesosternum feebly carinate

July, 1927 ]

WI NTERS H ELO C H AR^

and similar to Enochrus ochraceus (Melsh.). The subgenus

Chasmogenus Sharp is founded on a species that is non-striate,

except for the sutural striae, with very long maxillary palpi,

as long as head and pronotum together, with mentum deeply

emarginate, and mesosternum carinate. The ten-striate elytra

and comparatively short maxillary palpi place this species in

Hydrohaticus, a view which has been taken by both Orchymont

and Knisch. It occurs in the slowly flowing waters of southern

California and seems not to object to warm springs. My speci-

mens are from Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside, and Arrow-

head Hot Springs, California. Doctor Horn records it from

San Francisco southward into the Peninsula of California and

eastward to Arizona.

Genus Helobata Bergr.

This genus is peculiar in having the labrum concealed under

the clypeus ; mentum transversely quadrate, its triangularly,

apparently elevated, area at center slightly concave and with a

small circular emargination in front, obliquely impressed on

each side where it joins the submentum; maxillary palpi very

long and in the specimens before me with a tendency to fold

between the elevated triangular center and submentum ; clypeus

projecting laterally in front of the eyes to a great extent; pro-

thorax and elytra broadly margined, the latter extending beyond

the tip of the abdomen. According to Doctor Sharp, the

anterior coxal cavities are closed behind by the junction of the

epimera with the prosternal process, a character which isolates

this genus from all other Hydrobiini although in other respects

it is approached by various species of Helochares.

H. striata Brulle. This species has been known to us hereto-

fore as Helopeltis larvalis Horn. I have two specimens before

me from Florida which present the following characters :

slightly piceous or somewhat testaceous in color ; head and pro-

thorax obsoletely rugulose, smoother at sides ; apex of prothorax

emarginate, arcuate series of coarser punctures absent; scu-

tellum elongate triangular, scutellar striaa distinct ; elytra obso-

letely rugulose, explanate at sides, with ten punctate striae, the

last two close together, leaving a narrow interval between; the

side margins wide, explanate ; prosternum and mesosternum

simple ; last ventral segment emarginate at apex, the femora

pubescent and tibiae finely spinulose.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 1

Doctor Horn records it from Louisiana and Sonora; Doctor

Sharp from Guatemala, Paso Antonia, 4000 feet, and Cuba;

Leng and Mutchler, Florida (Roberts’ Coll.) ; Blatchley, Sara-

sata, Florida, March 4, beneath chunks of debris half buried

in the mud of tide- water marsh; and Knisch, southern part of

North America, West Indies, Central and South America.

Genus Cymbiodyta Bedel

Elytra with distinct striae 2

Elytra without striae (except the sutural) 6

2. All striae entire, scutellar row of punctures distinct

punctato striata (Horn)

— . Inner striae much abbreviated 3

3. Mesosternal ridge broadly conical, when viewed posteriorly

.fraterculus Sharp

— . Mesosternal ridge straight or arcuate 4

4. Apex of clypeus straight, second segment of maxillary palpi

and tips of terminal segment darker, arcuate row of coarser

punctures of prothorax well marked, elytra ochraceous,

striae feebly impressed with punctures less coarse than in

the following imbellis (Lee.)

— . Apex of clypeus arcuate-emarginate, maxillary palpi testaceous,

arcuate series of prothorax reduced to a few coarser punc-

tures, elytra piceous, border indefinitely paler 5

5. Larger, 5-6 mm., coarser punctures of alternate intervals

distinct morata Horn

— . Smaller, 4-5 mm., coarser punctures of alternate intervals

indistinct dorsalis (Mots.)

6. Mesosternal ridge angularly elevated at middle or dentiform.... 7

— . Mesosternal ridge straight 8

7. Broadly oval, mesosternal ridge pyramidal, large species,

6-7 mm rotunda (Say)

— . Oblong oval, mesosternal ridge dentiform, smaller species

minima Not., acuminata Fall

8. Clypeus with a brown spot in front of each eye, pale margin

of prothorax and elytra pronounced blanchardi Horn

— . Clypeus piceous 9

9. Coarser series of punctures of elytra absent lacustris (Lee.)

— . ‘Coarser series of punctures of elytra distinct 10

10. Elytra widest at basal third, then conspicuously narrowed

toward apex, giving the species when viewed from above

an egg-shaped outline fimbriata (Melsh.)

■ — . Form depressed, oblong, elytra widest at middle... .‘vindicata Fall

C. punctatostriata (Horn). This species has the clypeus

strongly arcuate-emarginate at apex, sides of clypeus slightly

explanate and paler in front of each eye, striae entire, in these

July, 1927]

W I N TERS H ELO C H AR^

characteristics resembling Hydrohaticus, but the number of

tarsal segments on the middle and hind tarsi will easily separate

it from that subgenus. It is not rare in the mountain streams

of the Coast Range of southern California. My specimens are

from Camp Meeker, northern California, and Santa Barbara.

C. fraterculus Sharp. I have no specimens of this before

me. Doctor Horn records it from southern Arizona well into

Mexico.

C. imhellis (Lee.). This species is as a rule recognized by

its brownish elytra, though in some cases its color approaches

that of dorsalis. Its clypeus is narrowed toward apex in a slight

curve with its front straight; its maxillary palpi are longer

than in punctatostriata or dorsalis, with the second segment at

base and terminal at apex darker. The arcuate series of coarser

punctures of prothorax are very pronounced and the elytral

striae consist of much finer and only slightly impressed punc-

tures as compared with dorsalis. Doctor Horn gives the number

of entire striae as five, but they are by no means constant. In

my specimens from Camp Meeker five striae are plainly dis-

cernible while in those from Santa Barbara they are reduced

to two.

C. morata Horn and dorsalis resemble each other very closely.

In both the clypeus is almost semicircular and slightly arcuate-

emarginate in front, the prothoracic punctures of systematic

value are very much reduced, and the maxillary palpi are

shorter comparatively than in imhellis. I have found that the

only way of separating morata from dorsalis is by its average

larger size and the greater prominence of the coarse interstitial

punctures. I have studied thirty specimens from Jemez Springs,

Ariz. (Coll. Sherman), and three specimens from Yuma

County, Ariz., June (Coll. Dow).

C. dorsalis (Mots.) seems to prefer mountain streams at

lower altitudes and is common in southern California. My

specimens are from Camp Meeker, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz

Island, Ojai, and Riverside.

C. rotunda (Say). This species is the most broadly oval of

any in this genus. Of its maxillary palpi I can unfortunately

say nothing, as they are both missing in the two specimens

before me. The mesosternum has the transverse ridge broadly

pyramidally elevated, and one of my specimens, a male, has the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

last ventral segment slightly emarginate at the middle of the

apex, which is unique in this genus. It seems, while widely

distributed, to be extremely rare in collections. My specimens

are from Westwood, N. J., and Pennsylvania (collection by

Henry Ulke in 1890). Doctor Horn records it from the Middle

States as far south as North Carolina.

C. minima Not., Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XIV, 1919, p. 133.

It was described from three specimens collected at Mooers,

Clinton Co., N. Y., September, 1918. I have seen no speci-

mens, but according to the description it is recognized by its

small narrow form, 2.75-3.5 mm.; transverse row of coarser

punctures of prothorax and rows of coarser punctures of elytra

indistinct; nonstriate except for sutural striae, with the mesos-

ternal ridge strongly and acutely elevated at middle.

C. acuminata Fall, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXII, June,

1924. According to Professor Fall this species resembles in

its general aspect smaller specimens of C. vindicata Fall or

Enochrus per plexus (Lee.), with the pale margin of the pro-

thorax extending narrowly across apex and vaguely inward for

a short distance along base. The mesosternal transverse ridge

is elevated into a long subconical acute spur.

C. blanchardi Horn, This species is easily recognized by its

small broad form and pale space in front of each eye. It seems

to prefer swift-running water. My specimens are from Ardsley

on Hudson, N. Y., Halden, N. J,, and Richmond, Va. Others

seen were from Woodland, N. J. (Coll. Dow), Fairfax County,

Va. (Coll. Shoemaker), Yonkers, N. Y. (Coll, Angel), and

Cornwall, Conn. (Chamberlin).

C, fimbriata (Melsh.). We have to thank Professor Fall for

the proper identification of this species which has long been

confused with vindicata Fall or Zimmerman’s semistriatus.

Fimbriata is more convex, with elytra distinctly narrowed pos-

teriorly almost from the basal fourth, and is much rarer than

vindicata. My specimens are from Van Cortland Park, N. Y.,

and Westwood, N. J. Professor Fall records it from New

Hampshire and Massachusetts.

C. vindicata Fall. This species is common from Canada to

Texas. I have seen specimens from Kissenor Lake, L. I.,

Staten Island and Tompkins Cove, N. Y. ; Secaucus, N. J. ;

Woodstock, Vt. ; Monticello (U. S. N. M.) ; Tatowa, N. J. ;

July, 1927 ]

WINTERS HELOCHAR^

Claremont, N. H. (Coll. Dow) ; Ithaca (Coll. Richmond) ;

Orono, Me. (Coll. Dodge) ; Cornwall, Conn. (Coll. Cham-

berlin) ; and Richmond, Va. This species has heretofore been

known as C. fimbriata (Melsh.).

C. lacustris (Lee.). This species is of an oblong form, with

coarser punctures of elytra absent and the transverse ridge

of mesosternum short. It is not rare, occurring from Lake

Superior to New England. My specimens are from Kissenor

Lake, L. I., Hackensack Meadows, N. J., Cornwall, Conn.

(Coll. Chamberlin), New Haven, Conn., Flatbush, .L. I. (Coll.

Shoemaker), and Framingham, Mass. (Coll. Dodge).

Genus Helocombus Horn

Tarsi heteronierous, maxillary palpi very long, curved as in

Cymbiodyta, prothorax without basal marginal line, elytra

deeply striate, resembling in form and structure Hydrobius

fuscipes L., but easily separated from it, aside from its more

important structural characters, by its long maxillary palpi.

H. bifidus (Lee.). Doctor Horn records it from Canada

and the Lake Superior region and the New England States

southward to Georgia. I have seen specimens from Forest

Park, L. I., in a pool among leaf mold, Weehawken, N. J.

(Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y.), Fall River, Mass. (Coll.

Dodge), Ottawa (Coll. Beaulne), and Staten Island, N. Y.

(Coll. Davis). Professor Blatchley records it as frequent in

the lakes of the northern half of Indiana.

Note on Western Bulb Flies

In the past the syrphid fly Eumerus strigatus Fall, has been

designated as the lesser bulb fly or onion fly, but it now appears

that there are at least three species of Eumerus in the western

states, two of which are quite common. The bulb flies are of

considerable economic importance, and a careful study of sev-

eral thousand specimens reared from infected bulbs in Wash-

ington, Oregon, and California should yield some interesting

results. The commonest species in California is Eumerus

tuberculatus Rond. Experimental work with these flies is being

carried on at the United States Bureau of Entomology Field

Station at Santa Cruz. — F. R. Cole.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

FOUR NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA WITH

NOTES ON TWO OTHER SPECIES

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

Family Thripida]; Uzel

Subfamily Thripin^ Karny

Toxonothrips Moulton, new genus

(Toxon = bow)

Head broadly rounded in front, without prominent spines. Ocelli

fully developed in female, absent in male. Antenna seven-segmented.

Maxillary palpus three-segmented. Prothorax with two long spines

on each posterior angle, without spines on anterior angles. Wings

fully developed in female, bowed backward in the middle, scythe-

shaped, with two longitudinal veins. Wings wanting in male.

I am designating T. graminece Moulton as the type of the

genus.

Toxonothrips gramineae Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Color dark brown, abdominal segments two to

five lighter, shading gradually to dark brown at tip. Antennal seg-

ments one and two dark brown, concolorous with head, three and

four light yellowish brown, three a little lighter than four, five lighter

at base, outer half of five, also six and seven dark brown. All femora

dark brown, middle and hind femora lighter at extreme base. Fore

tibise yellowish, shaded brown on upper and lower margins, middle

and hind tibiae brown shading lighter at outer ends. All tarsi light

yellowish brown. Wings brown with basal one-fifth whitish. Cres-

cents of ocelli deep orange-red.

Measurements: Total body length 1.50 mm. Head, length .175

mm., width .18 mm.; prothorax, length .13 mm., width .225 mm.;

mesothorax, width .30 mm.; greatest width of abdomen .33 mm.

Length (width) of antennal segments, I, 24 (27) microns; II, 33

(27); III, 48 (21); IV, 51 (18); V, 45 (18); VI, 60 (18); VII, 24;

total length 270 microns.

Front of head including compound eyes broadly rounded, almost

semicircular. Cheeks arched. All head spines short and inconspicu-

ous. Eyes relatively small, together occupying about .4 the width

of the head. Ocelli small but well developed. Mouth cone triangular

with blunted tip, reaching about three-fourths across prosternum.

Maxillary palpus three-segmented. Antenna seven-segmented, about

one and one-half times as long as head. Forked trichomes on seg-

ments three and four, simple on segments five and six.

Prothorax with tv/o prominent spines on each posterior angle

(45-54 m. long), all other spines inconspicuous; three pair along

posterior margin small. All legs slender, tibise and tarsi unarmed.

Wings fully developed, reaching almost to tip of abdomen, with

July, 1927]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

anterior margin bowed backward in the middle and posterior margin

parallel with anterior margin in median three-fifths of wing; costa

with twenty-two spines, fore vein with six (3-2-1) in basal half and

three in distal portion, hind vein with ten.

Abdomen broadly ovate with three terminal segments subtri-

angular. Segment eight with a fully developed but rather sparse

comb. Two long strong bristles on each posterior angle of segment

nine (inner 120 m., outer 150 m.), a median pair in front of posterior

margin (111 m.), a short dorsal median lateral pair (48 m.). Seg-

ment ten with dorsal suture over entire length, longest spines weaker

than those on segment nine, about 90 m.

Male, allotype. Color about as in female. Total body length

.88 mm. Head, length .133 mm., width .133 mm.; prothorax, length

.108 mm., width .15 mm.; pterothorax width .166 mm.; greatest

width of abdomen .25 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, 24

microns; II, 33; III, 42; IV, 36; V, 33; VI, 48; VII, 18; total length

240 microns. Outer spines on posterior angles of prothorax 24 m.

Apex of head flattened, otherwise shaped as in the female. Spines

inconspicuous. Ocelli entirely w^anting. Wings wanting. Impres-

sions on ventral side of segments three and four small, oval, not

visible on other sternites. Posterior margin of the eighth tergite

curved inward and forward from each side to near middle where

both sides suddenly turn back to form a prominent median lobe,

which reaches almost to posterior margin of ninth segment. Ninth

segment with a pair of spines along posterior margin near outer

angles (69 m. long), and a second pair of about equal length in the

middle of the side margin. Segment ten with a single pair of curved

spines 60 m. long.

Described from two females and one male taken from grass

sweepings at Lake Tahoe, California, in July, 1926, by the

writer (Reg. No. 956). All types in author’s collection.

This species has the general appearance of a Limothrips Hal.,

but with head broadly rounded in front, without thorns on the

ninth tergite and with seven-segmented antenna. If the maxil-

lary palpi were two instead of three segmented, it would more

nearly resemble Baliothrips Uzel. It differs from Thrips Linn.,

in the broadly rounded apex of the head, the absence of promi-

nent head spines, and differently shaped v/ings in the female.

Heliothrips bromi Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. With the characters of the genus. Color dark

brown with yellowish connecting tissue between segments. Antennal

segments one, two, six, seven, and eight dark brown; three and four

light yellowish at either end, brown in the middle; five yellowish

in basal half, dark brown in outer half. Legs yellow with all femora

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

and tibiae shaded light brown to brown in the middle. Wings trans-

parent with only a slight shading of brown at extreme tip of fore

pair.

Measurements: Total body length 1.23 mm. Head, length .133

mm., width .15 mm.; prothorax, length .12 mm., width .175 mm.;

mesothorax, width .225 mm.; greatest width of abdomen .28 mm.

Length (width) of antennal segments, I, 15 (24) microns; II, 36

(30); III, 45 (24); IV, 45 (24); V, 36 (21); VI, 27 (18); VII, 15;

VIII, 30; total length 246 microns.

Male, allotype. Color as in female. Total body length 1.05 mm.

Head, length .102 mm., width .133 mm.; prothorax, length .10 mm.,

width .18 mm.; pterothorax, width .20 mm. Impressions on sternites

three to seven transversely elongate and narrow, and slightly bowed

backward in the middle. Two pairs of short stout spines on the

dorsal side of segment nine.

Described from twenty-seven female and four male speci-

mens taken by the writer in the Mariposa Big Tree Forest,

Mariposa County, California, in August, 1926. Host :

Bromus carinatus, growing under giant redwoods. All types

in author’s collection (Reg. No. 968).

This species may be distinguished from hcsmorrhoidalis

Bouche by its more slender body, transparent wings except at

the extreme tip, and the brown shading in the middle of all

femora and tibiae, and from fasciatus Linn, by the absence of

cross bands on the wings, and by the predominating color of

the legs being light yellow shaded with light brown as com-

pared with the dark brown in fasciatus.

Heliothrips gossypii Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Color yellowish brown with darker brown shad-

ings giving a mottled effect. Legs yellowish to brownish white with

all femora and tibise shaded brown in the middle. Antennal segments

one and two brown, three and four yellowish brown in the middle

and yellowish white at the ends, five yellowish white at the base

shading gradually to dark brown, six, seven, and eight dark brown.

Wings grayish to yellowish white with three narrow brownish cross-

bands in addition to a shading of light brown at extreme base. The

first brown band at fork of veins is most conspicuous with more

or less brownish gray shading between this and the second band

at two-thirds the wing’s length. The third band is represented by

the darkened tip; hind wings transparent with a darkened median

vein. Crescents of ocelli bright reddish orange.

Measurements: Total body length .83 mm. (in normal condition).

Head, length .105 mm., width .150 mm.; prothorax, length .084 mm..

July, 1927]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

width .17 mm.; pterothorax, width .24 mm.; wing, length .75 mm.,

width at middle .045 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, 15

microns; II, 36; III, 48; IV, 42; V, 42; VI, 27; VII, 15; VIII, 30;

total length 255 microns.

Head 1.5 times as wide as long and .2 longer than prothorax;

dorsal surface distinctly reticulate only along posterior margin, with-

out conspicuous spines. Eyes prominent, not protruding, occupying

slightly more than half the length of the head, with large facets,

pilose. Ocello approximate. Antennae twice as long as head, typical

of the genus in shape.

Prothorax with indistinct reticulations, without prominent spines

except a pair of rather short transparent ones on each posterior

angle. Wings fully developed, seventeen times as long as width at

middle, fore vein fused with costa beyond fork; costa with nineteen

to twenty prominent spines and without fringe; principle vein with

two spines near base and two near fork. The first three are trans-

parent and inconspicuous, the fourth is at the fork and dark brown.

One spine at fusion of anterior vein with costa and two on inner

side of costa near tip, the distal one being within the darkened band

and dark brown. Posterior vein with four spines, the first and third

are within the white areas, and are transparent, the second is within

the median brown band and is dark brown, the fourth is within the

outer white area but dark brown (female paratype with six spines

on posterior vein).

Abdomen broadly ovate, pointed at tip, segments one to eight

striate laterally and with a comb arrangement of spines along pos-

terior margins at sides. Four long spines on posterior margin of

segment nine, the inner pair 54 m. long, the outer ones 78 m. Seg-

ment ten without dorsal suture, terminal spines short and weak.

Male, allotype. Color as in the female, except that the darkened

wing bands are less pronounced and there is more brownish shad-

ing in the lighter areas. Light impressions on ventral side of seg-

ments three to seven long and narrow, extending almost entirely

across sternal plates. Segment nine with one pair of short stout

dorsal spines near median line and two pair of longer spines near

posterior margin, the inner pair of which are longer than the outer.

Described from seven female and three male specimens

taken at Phoenix, Arizona, in August, 1926, by Mr. J. H.

O’Dell, from cotton plants, and at Calexico, California, in

September, 1926, by Mr. E. A. McGregor, from citrus foli-

age. All types in author’s collection (Reg. Nos. 1155, 1413).

This species may be distinguished from H. phaseoli Hood,

as follows : in gossypii the antennas are about twice as long as

the head, and head is .2 longer than prothorax; wings have

three darkened cross bands and are about seventeen times as

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

long as width at middle; in phaseoli the antennae are 2.4 times

as long as the head, head and prothorax of equal length, and

wings thirteen times as long as width in middle. H. gossypii

may be distinguished from indicus Bagn., the cotton thrips of

India, by its lighter body color, smaller size, more slender

wings, and different sculpturing.

Odontothrips californicus Moulton, 1907

This species was originally described as a variety of Hali-

day’s Odontothrips (Thrips) ulicis. Dr, H. Priesner’s recent

studies (Ref. Die Thysanopteren Europas, 1926, Part I, p. 222),

show that the ^‘"ulicis” Haliday’s group have two strong teeth

at the end of the fore tibiae, while the ^dati” Hal. group has

only one tooth and the second is represented by a bristle-bearing

wart. O. calif ornica Moult, belongs to the second classification

and the name ^'ulicis” is misleading and therefore withdrawn.

This species is closely related to 0. lati Hal.

Rhopalandrothrips corni Moulton, new species

Female, holotype. Color pale yellowish white, pterothorax slightly

orange-yellow. Antennae: segments one, two, basal half of three,

and basal third of four, yellowish white, distal half of three light

grayish brown, outer half of four and five to eight dark grayish

brown. Wings transparent, veins yellowish white, prominent spines

brown. Crescents of ocelli bright orange.

Measurements: Total body length .83 mm. Head, length .066 mm.,

width .11 mm.; prothorax, length .083 mm., width .13 mm.; ptero-

thorax width .166 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, 15 microns;

II, 30; III, 45; IV, 37; V, 30; VI, 45; VII, 9; VIII, 12; total length

225 microns.

Head transverse. Eyes prominent, protruding, facets large, pilose.

Ocelli well developed. Interocellar spines prominent 39 m. long and

placed near inner anterior margin of posterior ocelli. Mouth cone

long, pointed, reaching beyond posterior margin of prosternum.

Antennae almost three times as long as head, five smallest and six

largest of intermediate segments.

Prothorax with two long spines on each posterior angle (39 m.)

and a third pair (30 m.) along posterior margin. Wings well devel-

oped reaching tip of the abdomen, veins clearly defined, with three

cross veins between costa and fore vein, one opposite forking of

longitudinal veins, one near middle of wing, and the other at the

tip where fore vein fuses with the costa broadly in two or three

places. Posterior vein ending abruptly just before the tip. Costa

bearing seventeen to nineteen spines, fore longitudinal vein with five

at base and two at extreme tip, posterior longitudinal vein with

July, 1927]

M 0 ULTO N T H YS A N O PTERA

nine to ten evenly placed. Ninth abdominal segment with a row of

six long spines (60 m.) along posterior margin. Tenth segment with

a pair of long median spines near the tip (69 m.) and a shorter pair

on the sides (45 m.).

Allotype, male. Color as in the female. Total body length .56 mm.

Length of antennal segments, I, 15 microns; II, 33; III, 33; IV, 30;

V, 21; VI, 84; VII, 9; VIII, 12; total length 237 microns.

Head conspicuously transverse with eyes large, rounded and occu-

pying almost the entire side of the head. Ocelli fully developed.

Sixth antennal segment four times as long as segment five and nearly

three times as long as segments three and four. Prothoracic spines

as in the female but shorter. Wings fully developed surpassing tip

of the abdomen, veins and spines as in the female. Ninth abdominal

segment with a row of six long spines along posterior margin.

Described from twenty female and eight male specimens

taken at Big Trees, Calaveras County, California, in August,

1926, by the writer from the foliage of dogwood and maple

and from Bromus sp. All types in author’s collection (Reg.

Nos. 967, 968, 970).

The female of this species is very similar to Tcsniothrips

costalis Jones, but smaller, .83 mm., as compared with 1.33 mm.

in costalis, and by the long-pointed mouth cone. Jones describes

the mouth parts of costalis as “short and blunt.” The enlarged

sixth antennal segment places this species clearly in Priesner’s

Rhopalandrothrips, and this is the first member of this genus

to be recorded from California.

Liothrips varicornis Hood, 1912

A collection of five specimens of thrips taken at Marysville,

California, in December, 1926, by Mr. H. A. Crane, from

hollyhocks, can be assigned to the species varicornis Hood, with

the following notations ; Antennal segments three, four, five,

and six distinctly shorter than as given in the original descrip-

tion, and with a median longitudinal streak in the hind wings

as in the fore pair, fading just before the tip. Otherwise, the

specimens in this collection are apparently identical with

varicornis ; blackish brown in color with only the third antennal

segment abruptly yellow and the longitudinal bars of the fore

wings extending to near the tip. This thrips has been known

heretofore only from Monterey, Mexico, taken from weeds and

grass.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

CALIFORNIA'S INTEREST IN THE INSECTS OF

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

BY HARRY S, SMITH

Ri<verside, California

The appearance of Dr. Tillyard’s new book ^ emphasizes the

great desirability, or even necessity of a knowledge on the part

of the economic entomologist of the insect fauna of those

regions with which his country carries on extensive trade.

To entomologists and plant quarantine officials of the Pacific

slope, in particular, the insects of Australia and New Zealand

have a very special interest. Commerce with these countries

by direct steamship lines, with its multitudinous opportunities

for transportation of insect pests in either direction, makes it

imperative for very practical reasons that entomologists acquaint

themselves with the insect fauna of this part of the world. To

California entomologists this knowledge is of special impor-

tance, for Australia and New Zealand are the native homes

of our Eucalyptus, Acacias, and numerous other useful and

ornamental plants which form such an important part of our

flora. One interested in ornamental plants in this state cannot

fail to be impressed with the fact that for some reason or other

plants from this part of the world seem to be especially adapted

to cultivation in California. Certainly the Eucalyptus and

Acacias could not grow with greater vigor in their native home

than they do here. It is believed one is justified in concluding

that the same might be true of insects. The single important

insect pest introduced from Australia, I eery a purchasi, lends

support to this view. The woolly apple aphis, transported in

the opposite direction, has been so severe in Australia that

growers there have been forced to grow their apples entirely

on the aphis-resistant root-stock. Northern Spy. Just as we in

California have succeeded in controlling some of our worst

scale-insect pests by the introduction of entomophagous insects

from Australia, so it now appears that in Australia and New

Zealand they have succeeded in controlling the woolly apple

aphis by the introduction of the American parasite Aphelmus

1 The Insects of Australia and New Zealand. R. J. Tillyard. (Sydney,

Angus & Robertson, 1926, 560 pages, 8 plates in color.)

July, 1927 ] smith — insects of Australia

mail. Our greatest entomological romance is woven about two

Australian insects, Icerya and Vedalia. For these and many

other reasons there is a mutual interest on the part of entomolo-

gists of the Pacific Coast of North America and Australia

and New Zealand in the insect fauna of these countries.

The appearance of a new book on the insects of Australia

and New Zealand is therefore a matter of more than usual

importance, particularly where its author is an entomologist of

the attainments of Dr. Tillyard.

Insects of Aiistralia and New Zealand is written primarily

as a textbook, and for this it seems admirably adapted. The

detailed discussion of the morphology, life history, distribution

and fossil history of each group, as well as of classification,

cannot fail to give the student an excellent grounding in the

general subject. The book is not intended to be an economic

entomology, yet the economic entomologist and quarantine

officer will find the discussions under Economics, Distribution,

and Census both interesting and valuable.

The book is full of things of interest. Among these may be

mentioned the absence of native plant lice (Aphididse) from

Australia; the occurrence in Australia and New Zealand of

70 species of thrips, 130 species of mealybugs, and 281 species

of ladybirds. To one accustomed to seeing thousands of Euca-

lyptus trees without a single insect attacking them, the mention

of numerous serious pests of these trees in Australia is cause

for congratulation that these trees were introduced in the seed

stage rather than as nursery stock. It is a wonderful illustra-

tion of what quarantine can accomplish if we can do in prac-

tice that which is theoretically necessary to keep pests out.

There are 1251 figures in the book, many of them in color.

A brief but useful bibliography is appended to each group ;

there is a glossary of terms and a chapter on the collection and

preservation of insects. There is also a chapter on the “Fossil

Record and Origin of the Australian and New Zealand Insect

Faunas” which Dr. Tillyard is remarkably well qualified to

write.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

EUPARAGIA SCUTELLARIS CRESSON, A MASARID

WASP THAT STORES ITS CELLS WITH THE

YOUNG OF A CURCULIONID BEETLE

BY FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS

Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association

Experiment Station

Honolulu

The Masaridae are a small family of solitary wasps, often

of rare occurrence, that are related to the Eumenidae (Potter

Wasps, etc.) but whose antennae are swollen more or less club-

like at the tip and whose wings are not or imperfectly folded

longitudinally when at rest. They have a wide geographical

distribution, but appear to favor regions with warm dry sum-

mers. Little is known of their life history; they sometimes

nest in the ground or else attach their clay cells to stones, twigs,

etc., and supply their young with pollen and honey, or in the

case of Euparagia scutellaris, with the young of a Curculionid

beetle.

Late in July, 1925, while collecting Hymenoptera in the vicin-

ity of Lake Tahoe, in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California,

the writer found two small colonies of the little Euparagia

scutellaris. This wasp is about 7 millimeters long and is black

with some pale yellow markings, and as Bradley, in his excel-

lent “Taxonomy of the Masarid Wasps” (University of Cali-

fornia, Pub. Tech. Bull., Entomology, I, 1922), remarks, is

“Stout, form somewhat Oxybelus-like,” Oxybelus being a small

fly-catching Sphecoid wasp. It was nesting in the hard ground,

in one case on the slope of an exposed gravelly pit ; the burrows

which were not deep, terminating in one or more cells, and

were surmounted by a delicate and slender curved tube of clay.

The cells, in some cases contained a wasp grub and were packed

with semi-paralyzed footless, dirty whitish beetle grubs, and

an Euparagia carrying one such grub was captured and pre-

served. A specimen of this Euparagia provender was sent to

Dr. A. G. Boving of the United States National Museum, for

identification. Dr. Boving has kindly written as follows : . . .

“The dried-up specimen sent me for identification is a pupa

still covered with the larval skin. ... The parts examined

July, 1927]

WILLIAMS EUPARAGIA

under high power show that the larva is a small Curculionid

larva. The pupa extracted was submitted to Mr. H. S. Barber,

coleopterist in the National Museum. Without giving a defi-

nite determination he suggested that it might be a species of

Ceuthorrhynchus and the larval characters agree with those

given for Ceuthorrhynchus by Dr. P. V. Isaac in “The Annals

of Applied Biology, Vol. X, 1923.”

The habit of Euparagia of making a clay tube over the nest-

hole is common to some Odynerus and also to the European

Masarid, Ceramius lusitanicus Klug., and to others. The car-

nivorous habit is perhaps not unique for the family, but seems

to be recorded here for the first time among the Masaridse.

Species of the genus Pseudomasaris are sometimes abundant

in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. They construct clay cells, and

from the regularity with which some of these wasps visit cer-

tain flowers one can hardly escape the inference that they are

nectar or pollen gatherers. C. H. Hicks has shown that the

large Pseudomasaris vespoides (Cresson) is a pollen-provision-

ing wasp (Can. Ent., LIX, pp. 75-79, 1927).

ON THE IDENTITY OF MICRA RECTA GN.

(LEPID., PHAL^NID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

The type of this name, described 1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen.,

VI, Noct., H, 245, as questionably from Sierra Leone was

placed in the Guenee collection with other examples of

Euhlemma obliqtialis (Fabr.) received by Guenee from North

America.

Guenee placed on the pin of the type a label saying that his

generic reference and the locality given for the specimen were

incorrect. His label also states, “C’ est le No. 4 qui est V origi-

nal de ma description.” There can be little doubt but that the

specimen is the true type. It is in poor condition, lacking head

and abdomen, but the wings are in good condition, and agree

perfectly with a long series of obliqualis in the Barnes collection.

The name recta should be added to North American lists as a

synonym of obliqualis.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

The Funkhouser Catalogue of Membracid^^

No class of books is of more value to the working entomolo-

gist than catalogues of the various groups and we all will most

heartily welcome this first fascicle of this series. The 1935

species listed in this catalogue are divided into 289 genera and

these into six subfamilies of which the Centrotinae, comprising

nearly one-half of the known species of the family, are largely

Indo- Australian and Ethiopian in distribution; the other five

subfamilies are mainly American, largely neotropical. About

200 species are known from America, north of Mexico.

Unfortunately the value of this catalogue is seriously marred

by the alphabetical arrangement of the genera and species, rob-

bing it of much of its value in taxonomic work, and leaving

it but little more than an index to the literature of the family.

As such an index it will, of course, be a great help to students,

but we cannot but feel that the little time required to make

the arrangement systematic would have immensely enhanced

the value of the catalogue to those trying to determine their

material. We must also object most strenuously to the aban-

donment of the subspecies, the value of which is only beginning

to be properly appreciated by our workers. These are serious

defects which it is to be hoped will not be repeated in future

fascicles. Dr. Funkhouser’s work on this catalogue has been

thoroughly well done, and the omissions, if any, must be very

few. The defects above mentioned can be corrected by the pub-

lication later of a check list arranged along scientific lines, until

then we will all use this catalogue and be thankful to the author

for so greatly lightening our labors. — E. P. Van Duzee.

In Revista do Museu Paulista (XV, pp. 205-384, 4 pi., 4 pp.,

errata). Dr. C. H. T. Townsend has given us a synopsis of the

Muscoid genera of humid tropical America. The 605 dichoto-

mies in the key include about 224 new generic names for which

the genotypes are named. Following are descriptions of 231

new species. The paper is entirely in Portuguese.

1 General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle I, Memhracidse by

W. D. Funkhouser, Ph. D., Smith College, 1927.

July, 1927]

COCKERELL DESERT BEES

TWO NEW TYPES OF DESERT BEES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Last March Mr. P. H. Timberlake went out into the Colorado

Desert and brought back a series of remarkable new bees,

including the species now described, one a new genus, the

other a new subgenus or genus according to the point of view,

California is indeed full of wonders,

Xeralictus Cockerell, new genus

Male. Head rather large, subquadrate; cheeks moderate, hairy;

ocelli moderate, in a curved line, remote from eyes; a more or less

remote elevation runs from middle of ocellus to end of clypeus, but

on front and clypeus a groove runs down the middle of it; eyes

rather small, narrow; lower border of clypeus simple, not excavated

or toothed; labrum broad, transverse, with a large broad outstanding

basal nodule; malar space short but evident, concave, shining; man-

dibles large and long, the apical two-thirds not in line with the base

but bent downward, producing an obtuse angle on upper margin,

apex with a sharp tooth, the inner tooth indicated by a broad rec-

tangular lamina; on inner side below the obtuse angle mentioned

is a broad shining basin bounded by a steep carina below, so that

the mandibles may be described as trigonal; tongue much shorter

than mandibles, slender, hairy; maxillary palpi long and slender,

apparently five-jointed, the joints slender and subequal, but there

are really six joints, the shorter basal joint being visible on closer

inspection; labial palpi four-jointed, the first joint about as long as

the next two together, apical joint slender, about as long as the one

before; antennae long and slender, scape moderate, third joint con-

spicuously longer than fourth; middle of flagellum submoniliform;

prothorax not angulate anteriorly; mesothorax and scutellum smooth,

little punctured; scutellum unusually long, not bigibbous; area of

metathorax short, dull, without ridges or plicae; tegulae not punc-

tured; stigma lanceolate; lower division of basal nervure strongly

arched, meeting nervulus a little on outer side, the nervulus not in a

line with it; three cubital cells, first acutely angled at base and apex

and about as long as third; second moderate, narrower above than

below, the lower basal corner produced; third narrowed about one-

half above; marginal cell ending on costa, not very acutely; first

recurrent nervure meeting second intercubitus; second recurrent

reaching third cubital cell near the beginning of its last third; legs

ordinary; spur of middle tibiae strongly ciliate; claws bifid at end;

pulvillae large; abdomen dull, the apical depressions of segments con-

spicuous; a broad and large, apically truncate, somewhat trilobed,

lamina projecting at apex of fourth ventral segment; genitalia elon-

gated; stipites long, slender apically, broadened basally, subangulate

near middle above; sagittse long, turned inward at apex, suggesting

the forceps of an earwig; seventh ventral plate with slender curved

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

processes, well separated at base and strongly diverging; wings of

seventh ventral broad, not lobed, recalling the wings of a maple

seed; eighth ventral plate with a long median entire rod, truncate at

apex, and hardly chitinized rather short transverse lobes.

Xeralictus timberlakei Cockerell, n. sp.

Length about 12.5 mm.; black, rather robust; antennae with scape

and second joint black, joints three to five red above and below,

rest of flagellum black, obscure red below; clypeus and supraclypeal

area dullish, without evident punctures; eyes black, inner orbits nar-

rowly shining; front dull with minute weak punctures; front, middle

of vertex, occiput and cheeks with rather long white hair; meso-

thorax shining, very finely and not densely punctured, media and

parapsidal grooves distinct, anterior margin obtusely produced in

middle; prothorax, tubercles, pleurae, sides of scutellum, postscu-

tellum and metathorax with conspicuous silvery-white hair, at sides

of metathorax conspicuously plumose; scutellum with hardly any

punctures except at extreme sides; tegulae rufotestaceous; wings

grayish hyaline, stigma and nervures piceous; legs black with

appressed white hair pale yellow on inner side of basitarsi; spurs

ferruginous; abdomen dullish, excessively minutely punctured, with

very little hair but an even white fringe at extreme base of second

segment.

Salt Creek, California, at flowers of Nuttallia involucrata

(Family Loasacese), March 20, 1927 (Timberlake) .

A member of the Halictine series, differing from the Siberian

Acanthalictus by the narrow stigma, long third cubital cell, and

the character of the mandibles and base of the metathorax.

The shape of the third cubital cell is as in Lucasiellus, but the

bee is otherwise quite different. The long third cubital cell at

once separates the genus from the Ceylonese genus Sudila,

which has long curved mandibles. The clypeus of Sudila is also

quite different,

Andrena (Megandrena) Cockerell, n. subg,

Male. Rather large very hairy bees, with very pale yellow clypeus

and lateral face-marks; head large and broad; face very broad, eyes

diverging below; labrum transverse, densely hairy; mandibles long,

rather slender, falciform, the inner tooth represented by an obtuse

angle not far from apex; lower side of mandibles with a long fringe

of white hair; malar space very short; tongue short, narrow, not

nearly as long as the mandibles; maxillary palpi with six short sub-

equal joints, rather exceeding blade of maxilla which is broad, dark

and densely chitinized; labial palpi four-jointed, the first joint curved,

not as long as the other three together, the latter being subequal;

ocelli fairly large, in a curve, remote from eyes; antennae only mod-

July, 1927]

COCKERELL DESERT BEES

erately long, third joint elongated, fully as long as next two com-

bined; mesothorax and scutellum dullish, feebly sculptured; area of

metathorax dull, without plicas; tegulae very hairy; wings with

stigma very small and narrow; lower section of basal nervure

straight except at lower end where it is gently curved, ending just

apicad of the oblique nervulus; marginal cell rather narrow, ending

obtusely on costa; three cubital cells, the first a little longer than

the third but second very broad, narrower above but still as long

as third on marginal nervure; first recurrent nervure joining second

cubital cell at about the beginning of its last fourth; second reaching

third cubital cell not very far beyond middle, the third cubital cell

being much elongated, the outer intercubitus bulging outwardly at

end; legs ordinary with long abundant hair; claws bifid; pulvilli

large; abdomen with broad entire hair-bands; venter densely hairy;

genitalia thick and massive, the lateral pieces consisting of broad

rounded convex lobes, from the lower side of each coming a long

slender process directed apicad and having a large, broadly clavate

apex; sagittae much shorter, but the long slender uncus projecting

far beyond; seventh ventral plate with outwardly directed pointed

lobes, beset with a very long fringe of hair, and with broad thinly

chitinized wings; eighth ventral plate with a broad heavily chitinized

process, densely hairy at end, the lateral processes poorly developed.

Andrena (Megandrena) encelise Cockerell, n. sp.

Length, 15-16 mm.; black, densely covered with long white hair,

forming dense entire bands on abdominal segments beyond the first;

clypeus very pale yellow with two black spots; lateral face-marks

pale yellow, filling the broad spaces between the clypeus and eye,

except a black stripe going halfway down at sides of clypeus; man-

dibles black, their inner angle slightly reddened; eyes black; antennae

entirely black; mesothorax slightly shining, very finely and incon-

spicuously punctured, covered with long hair; tegulae black, hairy;

wings clear hyaline, apical margin faintly clouded*, stigma and nerv-

ures black; legs black with white hair, that on inner side of basitarsi

bright orange; spurs red; abdomen dullish, very finely punctured,

first segment covered with long white hair, the others with white

hair-bands, the hair at apex slightly yellowish.

Near Salt Creek, California, at flowers of Encelia faj'inosa

(one of the Compositse), March 19, 1927 (Timberlake). Two

males.

Related to Opandrena (type cressonii Robertson), but differ-

ing by the small stigma, very broad cubital cell with recurrent

nervure subapical, and shorter middle joints of maxillary palpi.

Compared with Pterandrena (type accepta Viereck), there is

closer resemblance in the small stigma but the second cubital

cell is quite different. In Viereck’s table (1904) of the Opan-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

drena and Pterandrena of the northwest it runs next to the

much smaller A. trevoris Ckll. except that the abdomen is dis-

tinctly though finely punctured. A. trevoris is about 9 mm. long.

This must, I think, be considered a distinct subgeneric type, or

genus if we follow the method of Robertson. The third antennal

joint, seen from in front, is about 560 microns long, the follow-

ing two together being 480. It is impossible to find any closer

affinity with existing forms and we have another of the curious

isolated types of recent bees.

TWO INTERESTING BEETLES FROM CARLSBAD

CAVERN

BY WARWICK BENEDICT

Laurence, Kansas

In July last I had the pleasure of accompanying an entomo-

logical expedition from the Kansas State University to the

Texas Panhandle, southeastern New Mexico, and the so-called

Big Bend section of southern Texas. Collecting was quite good

in several orders, particularly in the Coleoptera, to which I

gave my undivided attention, laying up pleasurable work for

the winter months.

Upon returning, the first material examined was a series of

four species taken while exploring the “Bat Cave,” a section

not open to the public but connected with the Carlsbad Cavern

of New Mexico, our latest national monument. Two of these

species proved to be rather common representatives of the

genus Trox, but the others apparently constitute an undescribed

species and a subspecies. The most interesting of the two is

a Carabid which, on the advice of Mr. H. C. Fall, is referred

to the genus Rhadine where it undoubtedly belongs, although

in habitus it bears a greater resemblance to the drawing of

Comstockia subterranea Van Dyke (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,

XXVI, 1918, p. 179), than to any described species of the

former genus.

Rhadine longicollis Benedict, new species

Form slender, elongate; head and prothorax rufo-piceous; elytra

and femora red-brown with tibiae and tarsi but little lighter, antennae

testaceous; head rhomboidal, elongate and narrowed behind with

subglobular condyle, subequal in width to prothorax, the latter being

just perceptibly wider; front tumescent and smooth medially, flat-

July, 1927]

BENEDICT CAVE BEETLES

tened toward eyes and longitudinally rugulose; antennae slightly

more than one-half the length of the body, the third joint longer

than first and second combined and one-fifth longer than fourth;

pubescence beginning on fourth joint; eyes rather small and not

prominent; posterior superciliary puncture about midway between

eye and condyle; mentum emarginate, the depth equal to one-third

the breadth; tooth well developed with emarginate apex; prothorax

elongate, nearly twice as long as wide, widest at middle and evenly

arcuate to slightly emarginate apex but visibly sinuate at basal

fourth; base somewhat wider than apex and more strongly emargi-

nate with well-rounded angles; anterior angles blunt; lateral mar-

gins finely and acutely reflexed; marginal setae at about apical third,

no setae at posterior angles; disc moderately convex, impunctate

and polished although faintly alutaceous, increasingly so basally;

median impressed line strong and extending nearly to base and apex;

basal fovK linear but broad, shallow, and inconspicuous; prosternum

in front of coxs compressed and acute at summit; elytra elliptical,

rather strongly convex, twice as wide as prothorax and nearly twice

as long as wide, broadest at middle, the sides regularly arcuate with

scarcely a trace of apical sinus; densely alutaceous, opaque, striae

faintly and intermittently impressed; sparsely, obsoletely, and irregu-

larly punctulate, intervals flat and impunctate; margins finely reflexed

from base to apex; apices separately rounded, but very minutely

dehiscent and not at all prolonged; three dorsal punctures on third

interval; under surface rufo-piceous, lighter toward sides, moderately

shining but alutaceous throughout; legs long and slender as usual

in this section; length 10.5 mm., width 3.2 mm.

Of the described species, longicollis seems to be nearest to

myrmecodes Horn and from this it differs widely in the pos-

teriorly more prolonged head, more elongate prothorax with

rounded basal angles, compressed prosternum and strongly con-

vex elytra with subobsolete sinus. In the good series at hand

there seems to be no noteworthy variation other than in size.

Length, 9-11 mm.; width, 2.8-3.4 mm. The color differences

are slight. In a few examples the head, thorax, and abdomen

are scarcely darker than the elytra, very possibly due to

immaturity.

Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited in Uni-

versity of Kansas collection. Paratypes in my own collection;

also paratypes taken by R. H. Beamer, Philip A. Readio, and

Lyle A. Stephenson in the University of Kansas collection.

The subspecies under consideration belongs near Embaphion

contractum Blais, and while apparently not entitled to specific

rank seems worthy of a varietal name, and is dedicated to

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 1

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, who has done so much to clarify the study

of the Eleodiini and to whom I am indebted for many favors.

Embaphion contractum blaisdelli Benedict, n. var.

As a description would be largely a copy of that given for

contractum (Bull. No. 63, U. S. N. M., 1909, p. 460), it seems

necessary only to set forth the salient points of difference. The

sides of pronotum, instead of being constricted at basal seventh

or eighth, as in contractum, are constricted at the anterior edge

of basal bead, the true basal angles being thus only minutely

exposed. In the long series at hand there is but slight variation

in this feature, there being practically no tendency to deviate

toward contractum or planum. The elytra in contractum are

described as subasperately punctate, and in the four examples

of that species available for study the punctuation is, if any-

thing, more strongly asperate than as described, while the

elytra in blaisdelli are simply punctate, there being in the most

strongly sculptured specimens only a few scattered punctures

minutely asperate. In size blaisdelli runs somewhat smaller

than contractum, the extremes ol the former being, length

13-17 mm., width 5. 5-7.3 mm., while the smallest of the latter

species before me is 17.5 mm. long and 7.3 mm. wide. The

describer’s examples, all females, were considerably larger, the

extremes being given as, length 18-21.5 mm., width 9-11 mm.

The above variety is of interest as a link between contractum

and planum, of whose close relationship Dr. Blaisdell expressed

his conviction in the work above cited.

Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited in Uni-

versity of Kansas collection. Paratypes in my own collection

and in that of the University of Kansas.

It is unlikely that any of the species found in the cave have

existed there for any extended period and, with the possible

exception of the Carabid, it seems probable that all have been

introduced since shafts were sunk through the roof of the cave

to facilitate the removal of guano. This I understand was less

than twenty-five years ago. However, should they continue to

propagate in that environment I feel that I should like to return

in a few thousand years and see what structural changes time

has wrought in their descendants.

July, 1927] van duzee — genus tibicen

ON THE STANDING OF GENUS TIBICEN LATR.

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

In a recent paper ^ Dr. Horvath maintains that all the generic

names used by Latreille in his Families naturelles du Regne

Animal (1825) are vernacular French names and are therefore

unavailable for use in scientific nomenclature. Unfortunately

I am absolutely unable to accept this view. In 1914, when pre-

paring the paper ^ in which I corrected the generic assignments

then used by many European hemipterists for certain of their

cicadas, I went over this phase of the matter very carefully

and concluded that we had no alternative but to accept as valid

Latin names, all names in Latreille’s 1825 work that are given

in correct Latin form. In reaching this conclusion I consulted

with several students who were thoroughly competent to pass

on such a question of nomenclature. Dr. Horvath now decides

that in this work Latreille uses the Latin word Tibicen in a

French sense, and on the strength of this establishes a new

genus Lyrastes for Cicada plebeja of Scopoli and thus changes

the generic name of nearly all of the large and well-known

cicadas of the eastern United States.

I certainly have no objection to making any necessary correc-

tion in the nomenclature of our insects, and think it should be

done at the earliest possible date as a means of stabilizing

nomenclature, but I can see no occasion for making repeated

changes on a fine point of interpretation that has no connec-

tion with the International Rules, and to which a large portion

of our students certainly will never agree. It is the constant

recurrence of such arbitrary changes that is driving our

entomologists toward nomina conservenda which eventually

would break down our entire system of nomenclature. I main-

tain that no change should be made unless absolutely necessary

to make our nomenclature conform to the International Rules.

As stated, the case of Tibicen has nothing to do with these

Rules. The logical thing to do is to admit that an author may

use both Latin and vernacular names in the same book, and to

retain Tibicen for the cicadas related to plebeja.

1 Les Noms GSn^riques de nos Trois Grandes Cigales Indigenes. Ann.

Mus. Natl. Hung., XXIII, p. 93, 1926.

2 Can. Ent., XXVIII, p. 387.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

A number of our entomologists have been in the field again

this summer. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke spent about eight weeks

collecting in Oregon, eastern Washington, and northern Idaho.

Mr. J. O. Martin made a trip to the Big Bend country of Texas

in April and May and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee collected about two

weeks around Truckee, California, and another week or two

about Reno and Nixon at the southern end of Pyramid Lake,

Nevada. These three expeditions will add about 20,000 insects

to the collections of the California Academy of Sciences.

Mr. C. L. Fox left on August 9 for England where he will

remain for a time with his brother in London. His many

friends here hope he may soon return with his health fully

restored.

Dr. W. J. Holland of the Carnegie Museum was a most wel-

come visitor at the Department of Entomology of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences. Among other visitors to this

department of the Academy during the summer may be men-

tioned Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Mr. A. C. Baker, Mr. J. A. Hyslop

and Mr. and Mrs. S. F. Blake of Washington, D. C. ; Mr.

George P. Engelhardt of Brooklyn, Prof. Paul P. Lawson of

Lawrence, Kansas, and Dr. and Mrs. E. G. S. Titus of Salt

Lake City.

We would call attention to Part V of the Guide to the Insects

of Connecticut, on the Odonata or Dragon Flies of Connecticut,

by Dr. Philip Garman. This Guide will serve as an excellent

handbook to the dragon flies of the eastern United States. The

The monographic character of these Guides is making them

indispensable to our entomologists.

The 1926 Report of the Provincial Museum at Victoria,

B. C., like its predecessors, contains entomological papers of

much value. This issue has a report on entomology devoted

to the insect fauna of the Garibaldi Park District, with one plate

of Noctuids, and a paper by G. A. Hardy on the Buprestidae

of Vancouver Island, with two plates.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases. Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts, Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

For Sale

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Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fox, Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925,

The Bembicini. 10 cents.

Viereck, Descriptions of Seven Andrenids in the Collection of

the California Academy of Sciences, 15 cents.

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Vol. IV

October, 1927

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

BLAISDELL, STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^E, NO. 6 49

BRISLEY, REVIEW OF THE TRIBES ORSODACNINI AND CRIOCERINI .... 54

HARDY AND PREECE, ADDITIONAL NOTES ON SOME CERAMBYCID^E .... 61

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, A NEW COSSID FROM NEW MEXICO 67

MARTIN, A NEW HELMIS FROM THE NORTHWEST 68

SCULLEN, BREMID.® OF WESTERN OREGON 69

CAMPBELL, THE CELERY LEAF-TYER IN CALIFORNIA 77

DOANE AND STEINWEDEN, A NEW RIPERSIA ATTACKING WHEAT .... 85

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, SYNONYMIC NOTES, ARCTID® 87

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF ACIDALIA HEPATICARIA .... 89

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF COSMIA ORINA 89

BENEDICT, ILLUSTRATION FOR TWO BEETLES FROM CARLSBAD CAVERN . . 90

HERMS, TABANIDS BREEDING IN RICE FIELDS 91

VAN DYKE, A NEW SPECIES OF MICRIXYS 93

HUNGERFORD, A PALMACORIXA FROM MEXICO 94

EDITORIAL 96

San Francisco, California

1927

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of Augnst 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. IV, No. 2 October, 1927

STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^ NO. 6

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

Recent studies in the genus Trichochrous shows very clearly

that the conformis of LeConte is not identical with suturalis

LeConte, as suggested by Casey. I have before me a large

series of suturalis collected at San Diego, California, during the

late eighties and early nineties, and a recently collected series

of conformis taken on the Laguna and Cuyamaca Mountains

of San Diego County. My series of suturalis was passed on

by Colonel Casey. This species has never been adequately

described, for it stands almost unique in the development of the

humeral angles and basal angles of the pronotum, especially in

the more strongly developed individuals. The salient differ-

ences between the two species can best be stated as follows :

Suturalis Lee. More robust, head and prothorax relatively large

(male), basal angles of the pronotum explanate, strongly chitinized,

distinctly rectangular to subacute and more or less prominent later-

ally; humeral angles likewise explanate and rectangular to prominent

laterally, adapted to the pronotal basal angles. A line of white hairs,

varying in width, along the sutural margins from about the scutellum

to the elytral apex; whitish hairs on the deflexed sides of the elytra

and gradually scattering on the disk and apical area. In the male

the elytra are gradually narrowed behind from the base. The humeral

and basal angles in the female are quite like those of the male and

the former sex differs, as LeConte says, in having the sides of the

elytra parallel. In both sexes the pronotum is narrowed anteriorly

and more or less sinuate before the basal angles.

Conformis Lee. Less robust, parallel and more elongate. Humeral

and pronotal basal angles never as strongly developed as in suturalis.

The angles usually obtusely rounded and therefore not explanate or

subacutely prominent laterally. Cinereous hairs arranged about as in

suturalis, except that the sutural line is feebler or absent, the mar-

ginal line being heavier and better defined. The sides of the pro-

notum are more arcuate, less convergent anteriorly and less sinuate

posteriorly. Color intense black and shining, while in suturalis it is

duller. The two species are quite closely related.

The present opportunity is taken to describe two new species

as follows:

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

Trichochrous albertensis Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-oval, sides of pronotum and head noticeably conver-

gent anteriorly, moderately convex, a little more than twice as long

as wide. Color black; legs clear rufo-testaceous; antennae pale

toward base, distal joints more or less piceous, basal joint black;

mouth-parts more or less pale. Luster shining.

Pubescence not dense, not completely hiding the general surface,

short and recumbent, without erect hairs; color flavo-cinereous. Lat-

eral pronotal fimbriae short, regular and cinereous; lateral elytral

fringe a little longer, less close, regular and also pale. Hairs of the

under surface of body a little longer and recumbent.

Head moderate in size, across the eyes very little "wider than the

pronotal apex, about as long as wide; front slightly and broadly

impressed between the eyes, punctures small, distinct and in the

central area separated by a distance equal to two or three times their

diameter; surface more or less finely rugulose, with a slightly convex

and glabrous area at middle against the epistomal base. Eyes mod-

erate in size and moderately convex. Antennas short, extending to

about basal third of the pronotum.

Pronotum about a fourth wider than long, moderately convex;

apex feebly arcuate to truncate in feeble circular arc; sides moder-

ately and evenly arcuate in basal half, thence anteriorly nearly

straight and convergent to apex, apical angles moderately broadly

rounded; base broadly and moderately arcuate, continuously so with

the sides, basal angles completely obsolete; disk noticeably more

strongly declivous and very feebly compressed antero-laterally; very

sparsely punctate, punctures well defined and rather small, separated

by a distance equal to three or four times their diameter, interstitial

surface smooth to the margins.

Elytra oblong, scarcely twice as long as wide, quite evenly convex

from side to side; base transverse, scutellum transverse and densely

clothed with fine pale hairs; humeri moderately rounded, very feebly

tumid; sides parallel, not arcuate; apex broadly but not strongly

rounded from middle third, margins narrowly and distinctly expla-

nate from just behind the humeri, broadening apically into the gen-

eral surface of apex; surface feebly undulate, punctures about same

size as those of the pronotum becoming finer on the apex.

Abdomen extremely finely punctato-rugulose. Legs rather slender,

the anterior and middle noticeably shorter than the posterior.

Male, the only sex at hand, has the fifth ventral abdominal segment

truncate at apex, scarcely feebly sinuate.

Measurements. Length, 3 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.

Holotype, male, and one paratype of same sex in my own

collection. Other paratypes in the collection of Mr. F. S. Carr,

of Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. Collected by Mr. Carr on

June 26, 1924.

Type locality. Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada.

October, 1927 ]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^

Albertensis is to precede simulans Casey according to Casey’s

table. It ditlers from that species by the shorter antennae, more

strongly convergent sides of the pronotum, narrowly explanate

sides of the elytra which is noticeable when viewed from above,

sparsely punctate pronotal disk and shorter lateral pronotal fim-

briae. Simulans Casey occurs at El Paso, Texas. My single

male specimen is from Fort Bliss, Texas. Modestus Casey has

pale elytra and is found in Kansas. I have several closely

related and undescribed species. A generic revision of the

Melyridae is under way.

Trichochrous fieldii Blaisdell, new species

Form parallel oblong-oval, moderately convex, pronotum notice-

ably narrower than the elytral base. Color black; antennal base and

mouth-parts sometimes piceous; femora piceous, basal articulations

more or less rufous; tibiae and tarsi rufous, the former at base and

terminal joint of tarsi blackish. Luster shining, pronotal disk espe-

cially so; in bright light somewhat aeneous.

Pubescence short, recumbent, rather sparse and not hiding the

general color of the surface; color ashy-gray. Pronotal lateral fim-

briae p=le, equal in length and moderately short, closely placed; those

of the elytral margins rather short and more widely spaced. On the

under surface of the body the hairs are recumbent and rather short;

finer on the head.

Head not wider than the pronotal apex, muzzle of moderate length.

Eyes moderate^ prominent, not coarsely faceted. Front not convex,

sparsely and rather finely punctate, punctures somewhat larger and

slightly denser laterally and the surface feebly rugulose, behind the

epistomal base the surface is quite glabrous; vertex and occiput more

strongly punctate. Antennas rather slender, not serrate anteriorly,

very gradually and rather feebly incrassate distally; third joint

obconical, noticeably elongate; joints 4-10 subtriangular, fifth dis-

tinctly triangular and slightly larger than the contiguous joints.

Pronotum about a third wider than long, apex subtruncate, scarcely

narrower than the base; sides moderately arcuate, feebly subangulate

at basal third, arcuately convergent anteriorly and rounding broadly

into the arcuate base, basal angles absent; apical angles obtusely

rounded and not in the least prominent anteriorly; disk moderately

convex, sparsely punctate in the central area; punctures moderate,

not impressed and separated by a distance equal to two or three times

their diameter, laterally punctato-reticulate sometimes rather broadly

so, interstitial surface of the central area glabrous and polished.

Elytra a little more than twice as long as the pronotum and less

than twice as long as wide; base emarginate, humeri rather narrowly

rounded, umbones moderate; sides parallel, very feebly arcuate,

somewhat gradually rounded at apex, sutural angles rounded, slightly

dehiscent; disk slightly flattened centrally and toward base, evenly

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

and arcuately declivous laterally, abruptly so at humeri. Punctures

not dense, fine, separated by a distance equal to two or three times

their own diameter; surface extremely finely rugulose. Abdomen

finely punctate, surface very finely and more or less transversely

rugulose.

Male, the only sex studied. Fifth ventral segment truncate at apex.

Lateral spurs of the anterior and middle tibiae thickened. Both spurs

of the hind tibiae equal in size and slightly robust.

Measurements. (Type) length, 3.2 mm.; width, 1.2 mm. Described

from six males, the smallest measured, length, 2.8 mm.; width, 1 mm,

Type locality. Rainbow, northern part of San Diego County

a short distance south of the county line from Riverside

County. One specimen was collected at Ethanac in Riverside

County some thirty miles directly north of Rainbow. Speci-

mens collected on April 9, 1926, by Mr. George H. Field.

Holotype, a male, which, with paratypes, is deposited in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes

are also placed in Mr. Field’s collection at San Diego.

Fieldii appears to be most closely related to fulvotarsis Bland,

from which it differs in the more elongate elytra, shorter and

sparser pubescence, longer, more slender and not serrate anten-

nae, as well as in the more prolonged muzzle. Fulvotarsis

occurs on the blossoms of Grindelia in the vicinity of east

Oakland, Alameda County, California.

Listrus medicatus Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate-oval, slightly narrowed anteriorly, moderately con-

vex. Color black; distal portion of tibiae and tarsi piceous. Luster

shining.

Pubescence short and recumbent, moderately dense and plumbeo-

cinereous in color with distinct maculae and a vitta of black hairs

arranged as follows: Four basal spots, humeral and juxta-scutellar,

the latter not confluent across the suture, the former smaller; post-

basal, at middle of each elytron, of moderate size; submedian fascia

well formed, transverse, interrupted at suture, not quite attaining the

lateral margins, anterior margin irregular; subapical row of four

maculae, each nearer to suture and lateral margin than to each other;

apical macule of moderate size on each elytron. Pronotal central

macule hour-glass-shaped, scarcely subdivided apically and basally;

lateral vittae broken into two small spots or somewhat obsolete.

Lateral fimbriae short and pale. Hairs of the body beneath riot dense

or long, and similar in color.

Head moderate in size, about as long as wide, muzzle quite short,

sides of the front converging rapidly before the eyes. Front feebly

and widely impressed, punctures small, well defined, in the central

area separated by a distance equal to two or three times their

October, 1927]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^

diameter, denser toward epistomal base and sides of front before the

eyes; vertex and tempora densely asperato-punctate; a very small

glabrous, slightly convex callus against middle of the epistomal base.

Eyes moderately large, very convex and prominent. Antennas of

moderate stoutness, very feebly incrassate and moderately com-

pressed; second joint oval and very slightly longer than wide; third

subcylindrical to obconical, fourth feebly triangulo-obconical, fifth

noticeably subtriangular and a little wider than the preceding and

following joints; sixth to the ninth inclusive similar in form, slightly

triangular, ninth slightly more robust, tenth as long as wide and

slightly stouter than the ninth; eleventh about twice as long as wide

and narrowed apically.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest a little behind the

middle, strongly convex; apex arcuato-truncate in circular arc; sides

moderately strongly arcuate posteriorly, less so, straighter and con-

vergent in front of the middle, serrulations small; angles rounded,

base broadly arcuate and rounding into the sides, basal angles repre-

sented by a larger serrule; disk noticeably declivous antero-laterally,

moderately densely indentato-punctate laterally and less so along

base; intervals of the central area flat and smooth, in part feebly

indented at times, punctures separated by a distance equal to one or

two times their diameter.

Elytra about twice as long as wide; humeri well rounded, not tumid

or very feebly so; base transverse; disk with punctures well sep-

arated, finer apically, surface slightly undulate basally.

Legs rather slender and of moderate length.

Male. More parallel and less broadened posteriorly, sides of elytra

scarcely arcuate; fifth ventral not modified on the surface, evenly and

distinctly sinuate at apex. Female broader, sides of elytra noticeably

arcuate; antennas rather slender, joints slightly more elongate; fifth

ventral rounded at apex, but not strongly so, apical margin very

feebly deflexed.

Measurements. (Types) length, 3-3.4 mm.; width, 1. 1-1.3 mm.

Holot 3 ^pe, male, and allotype, female, and a male paratype in

my collection; other paratypes in the collection of Mr. F. S.

Carr. Collected by Mr. Carr on May 11, 1924.

Type locality. Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada.

Medicatus is to be more particularly separated from provin-

cialis Blais. The latter is less elongate, smaller in size and the

elytral pattern is not so strongly developed. In p7'ovincialis,

also, the outer joints of the antennae are more incrassate, the

prothorax is relatively larger, and the fifth ventral segment at

apex is more asperate. The type of maculation may be similar

in both species when extreme ; in provincialise however, it is

usually less strongly defined.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

A SHORT REVIEW OF THE TRIBES ORSODACNINI

AND CRIOCERINI OF THE COLEOPTEROUS

FAMILY CHRYSOMELID^ WITH SPE-

CIAL REFERENCE TO SPECIES OF

WESTERN UNITED STATES

BY HAROLD R. BRISLEY

Tribe orsodacnini

This tribe embraces four genera, all of which are well rep-

resented in western United States. In 1873 G. R. Crotch ^

the genus Syneta. He also described the one species of the

genus Orsodacna and gave a short table of the species of

Zeugophora, but omitted the species Tricolema anonmla Cr.,

which had been described eighteen years before. Since 1892

no systematic work has been published treating of the tribe.

The tables constructed by the above mentioned authors, for

separation of genera and species, were evidently ba^ed on rela-

tively small series, and after a detailed study of characters

available for use in separation, I have constructed the tables

given below which I am satisfied can be used with much greater

precision. Crotch based the separation of genera on the char-

acters of prothoracic dentation and open or closed anterior

coxal cavities, good characters at that time, but the former, at

least, was reduced to little value upon the introduction of the

genus Tricolema. LeConte and Horn use as their main charac-

ters the separation and prominence of the anterior coxae and

the shape of the sides of the prothorax. These characters are

merely relative and can be used with precision only when com-

parative specimens are at hand. With the presence of more defi-

reviewed the genera Orsodacna, Syneta and Zeugophora, includ-

ing in them twelve species known at that time. A year later ^

he described a new genus Tricolema to make a place for the

new species T. anomala Cr. In 1883 LeConte and Horn ^

classified the four genera mentioned above under the tribal name

of Sagrini. In 1892 G. R. Horn^ discussed at some length

nite characters, these can better be used as secondary divisional

points.

1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 25, 1873, pp. 19-83.

2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 5, 1874, pp. 73-80.

3 “Classification of the Coleoptera of North America.’’ Smith. Misc.

Coll., Vol. 26, 1883.

4 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 19, January, 1892, p. 1.

October, 1927] brisley — chrysomelid^

It might be well to explain the limitations of the serial

arrangement of the punctuation in the genus Syneta. This is

usually definite, but in large series some females may be found

where this character cannot be readily applied. In a case of

this kind, if the characters of the open front coxal cavities and

the lateral prothoracic dentation are used, no error can result.

Key to the Genera of the Tribe Orsodacnini

A. Elytral punctuation at least in part serially arranged; body

sparingly pubescent; front coxal cavities open behind;

sides of prothorax dentate 3. Syneta Lee.

AA. Elytral punctuation entirely confused.

B. Upper surface densely clothed with long decumbent

pubescence 2. Tricolema Cr.

BB. Upper surface either destitute of pubescence or with a

single erect seta in each puncture.

C. Prothorax somewhat bell-shaped, the sides evenly

rounded without lateral teeth or tubercles

1. Orsodacna Latr.

CC. Prothorax with the sides toothed or tuberculate.

4. Zeugophora Kunze

Genus Orsodacna Latr.

This genus contains a single, widely distributed species, whose

color is so variable that it has been described under ten different

names. These were later reduced to six varieties of the species

Orsodacna atra (Ahr.). A recent key to the color varieties of

this species is given by W. S. Blatchley in his “Illustrated

Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera Known to Occur in

Indiana.” The species is distributed throughout the eastern

United States, and in the territory west of the Rocky Moun-

tains has been taken in Montana, Colorado, Arizona, Utah,

California and Oregon, Adults are usually found on willows

in the spring of the year.

Genus Tricolema Cr.

In 1874 G. R. Crotch described the genus Tricolema'^ from

the new species anomala, which he also describes in the same

paper. His generic description follows :

“Elongate, nearly parallel, pubescent, eyes small, head not con-

stricted behind, anterior coxse contiguous, first joint of the anterior

four tarsi longer than the others, claws simple, epipleuras of elytra

excessively feeble,”

1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 5, 1874, p. 79.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

LeConte and Horn ^ recognized this genus and included in it

the single species anomala. Clavareau ^ and Leng ^ both sup-

pressed it to a subgenus under Syneta, evidently doing this on

the assumption that the Crotch generic description did not state

sufficient characters to warrant its generic rank.

After a close study of the group, I am convinced that

T. anomala shows characters which are more than sufficient

to justify its being placed in a separate genus. I am, therefore,

revising the genus Tricolema, as described by Crotch, and plac-

ing in it the single species T. anomala.

It will be noted in the original description Crotch states that

the claws are simple. The specimens at hand, which belong to

the collection of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, have been compared

with the Crotch types, and the claws, though simple in the

females, are distinctly cleft in the males. His two generic

characters, the pubescence and the excessively feeble elytral epi-

pleurse, are, therefore, the only two characters which would

serve to distinguish the genus from Syneta. As will be noted

in the following revision, there are other good and valuable

generic characters which fully justify its generic standing.

Revised description of genus Tricolema Cr.

Elongate, subcylindrical, entire body above and below includ-

ing the legs covered with long, dense, whitish pubescence.

Head laterally narrowed behind the eyes, not so dorsally,

densely and deeply punctate, median longitudinal ridge more

or less indicated by lack of punctuation ; antennae filiform, one-

half to three-fourths the length of body, second segment short,

about one-half the length of third.

Prothorax cylindrical, without lateral margins, coarsely punc-

tate, distinctly widened at middle and subangulate laterally, the

angulation more or less concealed by the pubescence, anterior

and posterior angles distinctly prominent.

Elytra convex, the sides perpendicular or slightly incurved

below the sides of the abdominal segments, epipleurae excess-

ively feeble, punctuation coarse, dense and confused, often

largely concealed by the pubescence; a single prominent costa

extends back from the umbone and is lost just before the apex,

2 “Classification of the Coleoptera of North America.” Smith. Misc.

Coll., Vol. 24, 1883, p. 338.

3 W. Junk, “Coleopterorum Catalogus,” Pars. 51, p. 36.

4 “Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Am., North of Mex.”

October, 1927] brisley — chrysomelid^

while traces of two other costae are sometimes indicated on the

disk near the base.

Legs moderately long and slender ; anterior coxae contiguous,

open behind, the prosternum narrowed to a mere blade between

them, and posteriorly unattached; middle and posterior cox«

narrowly separated ; apices of all the tibiae fimbriate, entirely

lacking terminal spines; tarsal claws of male cleft, of female

simple; fifth ventral segment of male flattened and greatly elon-

gated at middle, crowding segments two, three and four together

into a space about one-half its length (Fig, 2) ; fifth ventral of

female normal (Fig. 3).

The only genera with which Tricolema might be confused

are Syneta and Orsodacna. It is distinct from Syneta by a

number of characters, the most outstanding of which are :

1. The feeble epipleurae.

2. The pubescence and confused punctuation.

3. The simple tarsal claws of the female.

4. The elongated fifth ventral segment of the male.

5. The subangulate sides of the prothorax.

Tricolema may be separated from Orsodacna by:

1. The open anterior coxal cavities.

2. The feeble character of the epipleurae.

3. The pubescence of the upper surface.

4. The lack of terminal tibial spines.

5. The laterally subangulate prothorax and prominent pro-

thoracic angles.

Until more species of this genus are found, its most logical

place is between Orsodacna and Syneta, though on account of

its diverse characters, its placement there is questionable.

The genus is composed of a single species Tricolema anomala

Cr,, which has been collected only in California. The insects

I studied were from the following localities :

Atwood’s Mill, Tulare County, Calif., April 29, 1913 (1

specimen) ;

Carrville, Trinity County, Calif., April 29, 1913, (1 specimen) ;

Muir Woods, Marin County, Calif., May 9, 1920 (7 specimens) ;

Lagunitas, Marin County, Calif., April 29, 1908 (3 specimens) ;

Placer County, Calif, (no date), (4 specimens) ;

McCloud, Calif., June 26, 1914 (1 specimen) ;

South Fork, Kings River Canyon, Fresno County, Calif., alti-

tude 5000 feet, July 4, 1910 (1 specimen) ;

Meadow Valley, Plumas County, Calif., altitude 4000 feet,

June 7, 1924 (2 specimens).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

Genus Syneta Lac.

In 1892 George R. Horn ® published the results of his study

of the genus Syneta Lac. In the text, as well as in the illus-

trations, he made the error of confusing the species vS. hamata

and simplex. The following year “ he published a note cor-

recting this mistake. On account of this error his published

table contains only four instead of five species. He based his

division of species primarily on the form of the antennae. A

quotation from his article follows :

“Several important facts have been learned. The first is, that the

characters heretofore used in separation of the species based on color,

sculpture, and the mode of dentation of the sides of the thorax, have

an extremely small value. The second is, that the form of the

antennas, together with the sexual peculiarities of the male, afford

the only means of specific definition.”

There is no doubt that these characters were an improvement

over those formerly used, but even the Horn characters will

be found very confusing in practice. In his search for charac-

ters, he evidently overlooked the very useful one of the presence

of one or two terminal spurs on the posterior tibise. In his

description of species he mentions the terminal spurs only in

connection with .S', simplex (corrected to read S', hafimta),

S. ferruginea and S', albida, but made no mention as to whether

they were single or double. After a study of large series, this

character proves to be a very valuable one, and can be used

with absolute precision where the specimens are reasonably

clean and well preserved.

The species S', albida Lec. and S', simplex Lec. have been

much confused in collections, due mainly to their imperfect

and brief descriptions. During recent years Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke has successfully straightened out these two species in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences. As he has

never published his observations on these species, I am using

characters which he found valuable for separation.

The females may readily be distinguished by the deep semi-

circular, fimbriate depression of the last ventral segment. In

the males this segment is simple, and either truncate or slightly

elongated posteriorly. The genus Syneta embraces five species,

four of which are common to western United States.

5 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 19, January 1892, pp. 1-5.

6 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 20, April, 1893, p. 133.

October, 1927] brisley — chrysomelid^

Key to the Western Species of the Genus Syneta Lac.

A. Posterior tibiae either ramified at apex (male of hamata) or

with two piceous terminal spurs; antennas with segments

four to ten very nearly equal in length.

B. Posterior tibiae of male simple; outer segments of anten-

na usually piceous or black 1. carinata Mann.

BB. Posterior tibia of male ramified at tip (Fig. 1); outer

segments of antenna usually ferrugineous

2. hamata Horn

AA. Posterior tibia with only one piceous terminal spur; antenna

with segments eight to eleven nearly equal in length and

obviously shorter than those preceding.

C. Space between antenna subequal to the space from eye

to antenna; elytra with only a few short, stiff hairs.

3. albida Lee.

CC. Space between antenna decidedly greater than space

from eye to antenna; elytra with numerous long, stiff

hairs 4. simplex Lee.

Syneta carinata Mann.

The species may be readily recognized by the use of the above

table. Specimens have been taken from Alaska, Idaho, Utah,

Oregon, Washington, and northern California. The native fir

(Abies) is the preferred food plant of the species.

Syneta hamata Horn

This species is easily distinguished, if males are at hand, by

the unusual shape of the posterior tibiae, which is prolonged on

the inner edge beyond the insertion of the tarsi, and has a long,

curved process on the posterior edge near the tip (Fig. 1). The

apex of the tibiae has two terminal spurs in the female. These

are entirely lacking in the male. Specimens have been taken

in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Its

principal food plant is the Oregon vine maple {Acer cercinatum

Pursh. ) .

Syneta albida Lee.

This species is closely related to S. simplex, and heretofore

adequate divisional points have not been noted in the literature.

In addition to the characters given in the key, S. albida differs

from S. simplex in having the frontal space between the

antennae more conspicuously raised above the level of the front.

The prothorax is more rugose and less severely angulate at the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

sides. The punctuation of the elytra is more regularly arranged.

►S', alhida is distinct from ►S', carinata and S. hamata by having

only a single spur at the apex of the hind tibiae, and by the com-

parative lengths of the last four antennial segments with those

preceding.

The species is entirely western in its distribution, being taken

only in Washington, Oregon, and northern California. It is the

economic species of the genus for the adults feed on the leaves

of plum, cherry, pear, peach, quince, currants, etc. Willow is

probably the native food plant. The larvae feed underground,

very likely gaining their sustenance from the rootlets of the

above mentioned plants.

Syneta simplex Lee.

The confusion of this species and 6'. alhida in collections is

due to imperfect and brief original descriptions and to lack of

intensive work on the genus. By application of the characters

given in the preceding key, the two species can readily be sep-

arated. In addition, it will be observed that the frontal space

between the antennae is not as conspicuously raised above the

level of the front, the prothorax is less rugose and more strongly

angulate, and the punctuation of the elytra is less regularly

arranged in 6'. simplex than in .S', alhida. S. simplex differs

from S. carinata and .S', hamata by having only a single terminal

spur on the hind tibiae.

The species is limited to the Pacific Northwest, having only

been taken in Washington, Oregon, and California as far south

as the San Francisco Bay region. The adults feed on the foliage

of oak.

Syneta simplex minuta Brisley, n. var.

This variety differs from the typical simplex mainly in size,

being conspicuously smaller. Specimens of a large series at the

California Academy of Sciences measure 4 to 6 mm. in length

for the variety, while typical simplex ranges from 6 to 8 mm.

in length. In addition to size the variety has the frontal dis-

tance between the antennae not so conspicuously wider than the

distance from antenna to eye. The variety has been collected

only in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay and as far south as

Bryson, California. It feeds on the native species of oak.

(To be Continued)

October, 1927] hardy and preece — cerambycid^

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON SOME CERAMBYCID^

(COL.) FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C.

BY G. A. HARDY AND W. H. A. PREECE

The following paper constitutes the third of a series by the

authors dealing with the Cerambycidae of Vancouver Island: the

previous two having also appeared in this quarterly (Vol. Ill,

pp. 34 et seq, and pp. 187 et seq.).

Nothorhina aspera Lee.

This species feeds in the heartwood of Douglas Fir (Pseu-

dotsuga mucronata Raf.) and would appear to require two

years to complete its life cycle, as it has only been bred from

two-year-old stumps, whereas none were reared from similar

year-old stumps in the immediate vicinity. The borings, and

more particularly the emergence holes, are perfectly round, so

much so that an infested stump gives the appearance of having

been used as a target for a small bore rifle.

For a short period after emergence from the ovse, the larvae

feed in the sapwood ; thereafter their life is spent in the heart-

wood wherein they bore long straight galleries up and down,

parallel with the grain, usually well within the wood, some

borings being more than 2 inches in from the sapwood.

The larva when fully matured constructs a pupal cell at the

bottom of a long straight gallery which is parallel with the

grain and usually about an inch in from the sapwood; the

length of this gallery varies from 3 inches to 8 inches. At the

top end the gallery turns at a right angle and an emergence

hole is partially made through the intervening wood and into

the bark. Plugs of shredded wood are inserted at the point

of emergence and entrance to the pupal cell, the remainder of

the gallery being clear of debris. The pupal period is from

four to six weeks in duration.

The adult goes through quite a contortionist’s performance

when gnawing its way out, turning and twisting as it gnaws

round and round the edge of the exit hole, testing about every

five minutes to see if the hole is big enough. When at length

all is clear it turns over onto its side and works one fore leg

•clear, with this it obtains a purchase and levers itself out.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 2

In each case observed, the insect promptly crawled up to the

top of the stump and took cover under a slab of bark placed

there for its use and the convenience of the observer !

Opsimus quadrilineatus Mann.

Evidence has been obtained of this species breeding in Bull

Pine {Pinus contorta Dough). This is an addition to the host

trees mentioned in our previous note (Pan-Pac. Ent., Voh III,

p. 34).

Eumichthus cedipus Lee.

In our note on this species (Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 188),

no mention was made of its host tree, as at the time it was

written the information was not available. During 1927, how-

over, a considerable number of specimens of the typical form as

well as several of the variety ruber H. and P., were bred from

caged boughs of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.).

Owing to the presence of the workings of other Cerambycids

in the same wood, it is not possible to give a detailed life his-

tory but, from the observations it was possible to make, it would

appear that the larvae bore in the heartwood and that the species

has a life cycle of one year’s duration.

Stenocorus vestitus Hald.

Up to the present no known evidence is extant as to food

plant of this species. Larvae observed in the underground roots

of a dead Douglas Fir {Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.) in Jan-

uary, 1927, were caged, and eventually proved to be the above,

the adults emerging in June of the same year. The roots were

partially decayed, so that no definite burrows were traceable.

Strangalia obliterata (Hald.)

Further investigation necessitates amendment and addition

to our previous note concerning this species (Pan-Pac. Ent.,

Vol. Ill, p. 189). It was stated that the larva makes no pro-

vision for the egress of the imago and certainly this held good

in all cases examined in 1926; during 1927, however, provision

for egress had been made in every case examined but one, the

larva having bored to the inner surface of the bark, packing

the outer portion of the burrow with shredded wood, the inner

with frass. The pupal cell was an enlargement of the final

perpendicular boring, whereas in the 1926 cases the larva had

merely pupated at the top of the burrow without making any

October, 1927] hardy and preece — cerambycid^

attempt at forming a cell. The one exception referred to con-

formed to the 1926 principle in every detail and the imago

found was dead and so dry that it fell to pieces when touched ;

it is considered altogether likely that it was a 1926 specimen

which had failed to emerge through lack of a prepared exit,

and that none of the 1926 specimens that were dug out would

have won to daylight without the assistance of hammer and

chisel. It is thought possible that the abnormally hot dry season

of 1926 may have caused premature pupation, the larva being

caught before it had time to complete its preparations. This

species has now been bred from stumps of Douglas Fir (Pseu-

dotsuga mucronafa Raf.) in addition to stumps of Balsam Fir

(Abies grandis Lindl.) as previously recorded.

Xestoleptura crassipes Lee.

A number of specimens have been obtained from caged

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.) stumps. A brief

account of a portion of its life history with Balsam Fir as the

host was given in a previous note (Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. Ill,

p. 35).

Desmocerus cribripennis Horn

Abundant evidence of the work of this species in the living

stem of Red-berried Elder (Samhucus callicarpa Greene) was

obtained this summer (1927). From the examination of many

bushes the life history could be fairly estimated.

The ovse appear to be laid at or near the forks of the small

upper branches, as many very young larvae and their burrows

are to be found at these situations. They work entirely in the

pith of the stem, and as they increase in size work downward

into the basal portion. A considerable length of burrow is clear

of frass, in which the larva travels up and down quite freely.

The loose texture of the pith and the fact of the indigestible

matter being tightly compacted would account for the space

without the necessity of ejecting it from the burrow.

The pupal cell is the terminal two or three inches of the

burrow, the interior end is closed by a tight wad of coarse frass,

or rather chewed fiber, finished off smoothly with finer particles.

Previous to pupation the larva bores to within the inner surface

of the papery bark, and then plugs the end to the extent of half

an inch with fiber, it then retreats to the posterior end of the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

cell where the final metamorphosis is effected, the pupa lying

with head toward exit.

The pupal stage is probably of short duration, as larvae in

the act of changing were taken along with perfect pupae in

June, the imago emerging in July after gnawing an elliptical

hole through the bark. Larvae of considerable variation in size

were taken at the same time, suggesting a two or three-year

existence.

No especial gall-like growths were observed, but wart-like

excrescences were apparent where the wood had healed old exit

scars. The stems of many bushes were completely killed by

the activities of this species ; only the living stem is attacked by

the larvae.

The adults emerge in June and July and may usually be found

on the leaves and flowers.

Uloch^tes leoninus Lee.

The pupa of an Asilid fly, Dasylis astur O. S., was taken from

a fresh burrow of UlochcBtes leoninus Lee. The presumption

that it preys on the Cerambycid larva is in agreement with the

recorded habits of certain members of this Dipterous family.

Necydalis cavipennis Lee.

The larvae of this species were taken in an old stump of Garry

Oak (Quercus garryana Dough). From the presence of newly

emerged adults and well-grown larvae at the same time, it would

seem that this stage extends for at least two years.

The larva works in the heartwood, its burrow and pupal cell

being exactly similar to that of N. Icevicollis (Pan-Pac. Ent.,

Vol. Ill, p. 37).

Molorchus longicollis Lee.

A fully matured specimen was dug out of a small branch of

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.) on September 11,

1927. The bough was one of a quantity that had been caged

indoors for a number of months and the heat of the house had

perhaps hastened maturity.

This species bores in the heartwood and requires at least two

years to complete its life cycle. Under normal circumstances

we presume it pupates and emerges late in the fall, the imago

hibernating in the pupal cell and leaving the wood in April.

Owing to the presence of borings of two if not three other

Cerambycid species in the same wood it was not possible to

October, 1927] hardy and preece — cerambycid^ 65

obtain a sufficiently clear idea of the workings of this species

to enable us to describe them in detail.

Callidium vancouverense V. D.

This recently described species (Pan-Pac Ent., Vol. Ill,

p. 104), feeds beneath the bark of Douglas Fir {Pseudotsuga

mucronata Raf.) and takes one year to complete its life cycle.

The adults are active during April and May and are most

frequently to be found running over slash piles in the sunshine.

The female when ovipositing crawls along the branches with

ovipositer extended, trailing and traversing from side to side

in search of crevices, etc., suitable for the purpose in hand. A

suitable spot being found the ovipositer is inserted and the insect

remains motionless for a few seconds, then moves on again,

the ovipositer searching as before.

The larvae spend the whole of their existence in the sapwood

scoring it to the depth of 1/16 inch during the later stages.

On reaching maturity the larva dips abruptly into the heart-

wood, turning at a right angle on reaching a depth of approxi-

mately one-half inch, and then bores a gallery parallel with the

grain, varying from 1 inch to 2 inches in length; at the end a

pupal cell is hollowed out, this cell being simply a slight enlarge-

ment of the gallery. The gallery is entirely cleared of refuse

with the exception of a plug of shredded wood at the entrance

to the pupal cell. The larva before pupating, gnaws almost

through the bark at the point through which the imago will

emerge.

Pupation sometimes takes place in late November and De-

cember, the adult emerging a few weeks later, spending the

winter in the cell and leaving the wood at the beginning or

middle of April. At other times the winter is spent in the larval

stage, pupation taking place in March or early April. The latter

procedure seems to be the one more usually followed.

The borings of this species in the heartwood are distinctly

elliptical and bear a strong resemblance to Buprestid work, as

does also the emergence hole.

Phymatodes ./Eneus Lee.

This species, which formed the subject of a brief previous

note (Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 190), is a subcortical borer

with a life cycle of one year’s duration.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 2

The imagines are active during May and June, and ovae are

deposited during that period on scars, wounds, etc. The slash

from Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.) appears to

be the host most favored, from twigs less than three-quarter

inch in diameter up to the largest branches, the smaller boughs

having first preference. Small stumps and trunks of small dead

trees are sometimes utilized.

The boring and pupating habits vary considerably, but in

accordance with the locale. In the cases of stumps, trunks or

branches of considerable thickness, the larv^ feed to some

extent on the inner bark and make the pupal cell in the bark;

in branches of medium size the pupal cell is constructed par-

tially in the heartwood so that when the bark is removed the

pupae are found with the head and prothorax protruding from

the heartwood ; in small branches and twigs the larva bores

right into the center of the heartwood and there forms its pupal

cell ; this sometimes has two borings connecting it with the inner

bark, but frequently only one.

Pupation is of very brief duration, and no cases have been

observed of the species overwintering in the pupal stage.

It is of interest to note that specimens emerging from stumps

and trunks are noticeably larger and darker than those from

small branches, due no doubt to a more plentiful supply of

nutritious food.

Xylotrechus undulatus Say

In a note on this species (Pan-Pac Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 39), it

was stated that Douglas Fir {Pseudotsuga mucronata Raf.)

was believed to be the host tree most commonly utilized, though

at the time proof was lacking. This statement has now been

vindicated ; several specimens having been reared from caged

Douglas Fir stumps.

Saperda calcarata Say

The work of this species has been observed in the Aspen

(Populus tremuloides Michx.). The trees in question are the

remnant of a large grove, and were severely infected, the death

of several being obviously due to this cause.

The larvae were working only in the living trees, or the living

portions of dying ones. Young larvae were found between the

bark and wood; these soon, however, bore into the heartwood

October, 1927] barnes and benjamin — new cossid 67

which was honeycombed with their burrows. Frass is ejected

from the borings, often accumulating in conspicuous piles at

the base of the tree; sap exuding from the hole is also very

noticeable, causing a dark stain to appear on the bark. A

marked characteristic of the burrows is the wide shallow flare

at the lower portion extending in from the exit for 1^4 to 2

inches. Individual burrows measured from 4 to 6 inches in total

length.

The pupal stage is passed at the inner end of the burrow,

the pupal cell being formed by plugging the former, for an

extent of one inch, with coarse shreds of wood fiber, finish-

ing off the interior with finer particles. The pupa lies with

head toward exit which is the opening previously used for the

ejection of frass. Larvfe of various sizes were found at the

same time, indicating a period of growth of about three years.

A NEW COSSID FROM NEW MEXICO

(LEPID., COSSID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Comadia polingi Barnes and Benjamin, sp. nov.

Male. Fore wing with the ground color white, irrorated with

black, the costa more or less marked by a black line, base of radius

marked by a black dash, the medial vein strongly black marked,

other veins more or less black marked; considerable black between

veins 2 and 3 on the discocellular and distad of cell, fringes checkered

black and white. Hind wings fuscous.

The two females which we consider herein as the normal

females of this species are similar to the males, but with the

fore wings more powdered with black.

The species is close to Comadia intrusa B. and Benj., but

differs therefrom by a more contrastingly black maculation upon

a paler ground.

Type locality: Bent, Otero County, New Mexico.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype $ ; allotype 2 ; 43 $

1 $ paratypes, all June, O. C. Poling collector.

Holotype, allotype, and paratypes in Barnes collection through

the courtesy of Mr. Poling, the majority of the paratypes

returned to the collector.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

A NEW HELMIS (COLEOPTERA-HELMID^)

FROM THE NORTHWEST

BY J. O. MARTIN

During the work of incorporating the collection of the late

Albert Koebele with that of the California Academy of Sciences,

I came upon a series of over one hundred specimens of what

seems to be a very distinct species of Helmis. With the per-

mission of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, Curator, I offer the following

description.

Helmis koebelei Martin, n. sp.

Broadly oval, widest behind the middle. Head piceous, finely

granulate on the front, clypeus closely, coarsely punctate. Antennae

reaching to about the middle of the thorax; basal joints ochraeous,

the three apical joints piceous, and forming a distinct club.

Thorax piceous, shining, one-third wider at base than apex; slightly

less than one-third wider than long; sides rounding at middle, sinuate

before the frontal and basal angles; disc and apex finely, widely

punctured, each puncture with a fine recumbent hair; on each side

of the disc is a longitudinal fovea, deepest at the base and gradually

narrowing to the middle, where it fades out, fovae with a sharp

external defining ridge.

Elytra ochraeous with a broad, transverse piceous band slightly

behind the middle, which has a tendency to extend along the suture

in both directions; but more strongly to the apex. Punctures of the

striae strongly impressed, the intervals rounded and broad, with scat-

tered, minute punctures bearing decumbent, ochraeous hairs.

Underside of body piceous, variously stained with ochraeous. Legs

piceous except tarsi, which are ochraeous. Length two, to two and

a half millimeters.

Type, No. 2467, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr.

Albert Koebele at Easton, Washington. Paratypes in the col-

lection of the Academy and in that of the United States

National Museum and of Mr. H. C. Fall.

A Rare Aradid

In a box of Hemiptera taken by Mr. O. C. Poling at Colton,

California, and kindly presented to the California Academy

of Sciences by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, were two females of the

rare Aradus coarctatus Held. With these was a long series of

Aradus depictus Van D. which would seem to be as abundant

in southern California as about the Bay region. It probably

can be found almost anywhere where the live oak grows. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1927] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

BEES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY BREMID^ "

TAKEN IN WESTERN OREGON, WITH NOTES

BY H. A. SCULLEN

Oregon Agricultural College

Corvallis, Oregon

The object of the following paper is to place on record the

results of the writer’s collecting for several years past, together

with a study of material collected by others and now deposited

in the collection of the Oregon State Agricultural College. An

effort has also been made to include references to all published

records of bumblebees taken in western Oregon, and to original

descriptions of species known to occur there. About one thou-

sand specimens of Bremidcz were available for study. These

were collected in forty-eight different localities ranging from

sea level to about 7000 feet.

Twenty-one species and seven varieties of Bremus^ and four

species and one variety of Psithyrus are recorded in the present

paper. Two species of Bremus (B. occidentalis and B. vosne-

senskii) may be considered abundant. Four {B. appositus,

B. calif ornicus, B. melanopygus, B. mixtus) are common, and

the remainder are relatively uncommon to very rare. All five

species of Psithyrus are uncommon to rare.

Bremidce, representing one or more species, are to be found

in abundance in all parts of western Oregon from sea level to

the snow line in the Cascades. Several individual species, how-

ever, appear to be limited in their distribution by certain condi-

tions associated with altitude. B. calif ornicus and B. vosne-

senskii, which are common at the lower altitudes, are seldom

taken above 4000 feet elevation. B. occidentalis, on the other

hand, is common at the low altitudes and also very abundant

in the alpine meadows from 4000 feet to 6000 feet. B. bifarius

var. nearticus, which is not uncommon above 4000 feet, is not

recorded below that elevation, with the one exception given

below. Too few specimens of many of the forms have been

taken to determine their altitudinal range.

1 Many leading hymenopterists (Rohwer, Lutz, Cockerell, et al.) con-

tinue to use Bombidffi and Bombus, while others (Prison, Viereck and

some European workers) who have accepted the “Erlangen List” are now

using Bremidse and Bremus. Prison, 1919, p. 157, seems to justify the use

of the latter names.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 2

The writer is deeply indebted to Dr. Theodore H. Frison of

the Illinois State Natural History Survey for his assistance in

determining much of the material studied and for many con-

structive suggestions concerning this paper.

Many locality records of little importance for the more

common species are omitted.

1. Bremus nevadensis (Cresson)

Cresson, 1874, p. 102, $, $, Nevada (Yarrow), Arizona (Hen-

shaw). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 416.)

Range: Alaska to New Mexico and east to Nebraska.

Only two specimens of this species have been taken in western

Oregon.

Corvallis, $, VIT20, 1914 (F. I. Moe. Forest Grove, $, VIT29,

1916, L. P. R.).2

2. Bremus separatus (Cresson)

Cresson, 1863a, p. 165, $, 5, Pennsylvania, Rock Island, Illinois

(Walsh), Canada (Saunders), redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 425,

428, Echo and Corvallis, Oregon.

Range : Alaska to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico and from

the Pacific to the Atlantic Coast.

This species is not uncommon in the Willamette Valley, but

has not been taken elsewhere in western Oregon.

Albany, 6, VIII-1, 1905 (Parsons). Corvallis, 9, V-2, 1897, to

IX-22, 1906 (Currin); $, VII-20, 1905 (Harlan), to IX-26, 1906

(Farrell); g, VI-12, 1924 (H. A. S.), to IX-11, 1921 (H. A. S.).

Forest Grove, $, IX-17, 1915 (L. P. R.), 6, and IX-17, to X-7,

1915 (L. P. R.). Hillsboro, $, 6 and 9, IX-30, 1915 (M. M. R.).

Medford, 6, VII-17, 1906 (Bennett). Monroe, 9, VIII-6, 1904.

Portland, 9, VIII-5, to VIII-27, 1907. Salem, 6, IX-24, 1921

H. A. S.); 9, IX-28, 1925 (H. A. S.).

3. Bremus morrisoni (Cresson)

Cresson, 1878, p. 183, 9, 9, 6 , Colorado (Morrison); Frison, 1926,

p. 130. (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 431.)

Range : Western United States, east to South Dakota.

B. morrisoni is evidently very rare in western Oregon, since

it has been taken only at two localities. It is probably confined

to the lower altitudes.

Albany, 9, VIII-2, 1905 (Parsons). Corvallis, 9, VT2, 1924, to

VI-11, 1908 (Markel); 9, V-1, 1914.

2 To conserve space, initials only are used for collectors whose names

occur frequently: A. H. A. =A. H. Amos; A. L. L.=A. L. Lovett; D. A. W.

=D. A. Wilbur; G. R. McG.=G. R. McGinnis; H. A. S.=H. A. Scullen;

W. J. C.=iW. J. Chamberlin; M. M. R.=M. M. Rheer; L. P. R.=L. P.

Rockwood.

October, 1927] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

4. Bremus kirbyellus (Curtis)

Curtis, 1835, p. Wiiikii-biellus) . $, 5, Arctic America. (Re-

described: Franklin, 1912, p. 290.)

Franklin, 1912, p. 294, Mount Hood, Oregon. (Doubtless refers to

Viereck’s record, 1904, p. 99.)

Range: Arctic America to the higher altitudes of Colorado

and New Mexico. Viereck’s record (1904, p. 99), from Mount

Hood is the only record for Oregon. The species is evidently

very rare in Oregon and doubtless confined to the very high

altitudes. There is one unlabeled specimen in the collection at

the Oregon State Agricultural College.

5. Bremus occidentalis (Green)

Green, 1858, p. 12, Northwest Coast of America, Fort Vancouver

(Cooper) and Puget Sound (Suckley). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912,

p. 265.)

Cresson, 1879, p. 231, Oregon; Viereck et al., 1904, p. 99, Corvallis

and Mount Hood; Franklin, 1912, p. 272; Frison, 1927, p. 367, Olney,

Mount Hood, Corvallis, Newport, Colestin, Alsea Grade (Benton

County), Oregon,

Range: Alaska to New Mexico and east to South Dakota.

B. occidentalis is one of the most abundant species of bumble-

bees in western Oregon. In the lower valleys it seems to

be more common in the wooded districts. In the mountain

meadows in the Three Sisters region the writer found it to

be the most abundant species August 6 to 16, 1926. It was

working mostly on Aster at all high elevations up to 6000 feet,

Alsea, 6, and VIII-18, 1917 (A. H. A.). Corvallis, 2, III-21,

1926, (H. A. S.), to IX-4, 1921 (H. A. S.) ; 6, VI-29, 1925

(D. A. W.), to VIII-10, 1922 (H. A. S.); 2, VII-19, 1925 (D. A. W.),

to Vni-22, 1922 (H. A. S.), Coos Bay, 6, VI-20 and VII-19, 1926

(H. A. S.); 2, VI-20, and VII-10, 1926 (FI. A. S.). Eugene, 6,

VIII-16, 1905 (Foster). Fish Lake (Santiam Forest, elevation 3150

feet), 6 and IX-5, 1925 (D. A. W.) ; Gold Beach, VII-11 and

VII-12, 1925 (H. A. S.); Grants Pass, VII-4, 1906; Hillsboro,

2, 3, 2, IX-30, 1915 (M. M. R.). Mary’s Peak (Benton County,

elevation 4000 feet), 3, VIII-2, 1926 (H. A. S.). McKenzie Bridge

(elevation 1329 feet), ^ VIII-25 and VIII-27, 1924 (H. A. S.).

Oswego, VII-10, 1907 (Georgia Ewing). Rainier, 2, VII-17, 1907.

Salem, 3 and 2, IX-24, 1921 (H. A. S.). Three Sisters region:

Scott Lake (elevation 4650 feet), 2, 3 and 2, VIII-7, 1926; and

White Branch Creek (elevation 6000 feet), 2, VIII-11, 1926

(H. A. S.). Toledo, 2, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Wahtum Lake (eleva-

tion 3700 feet), 2, VIII-24, 1923 (H. A. S.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

6. Bremus occidentalis var. proximus (Cresson)

Cresson, 1863, p. 98, Utah (Suckley). (Redescribed. Franklin,

1912, p. 270.)

Range : Western United States.

This variety is rare in Oregon. It has been taken only in

the lower altitudes.

Coos Bay, 6, VII-19, 1926 (H. A. S.). Corvallis, ?, VIII-31, 1925

(H. A. S.), 6, VII-23, 1925 (H. A. S.) Gold Beach, VII-10, 1925

(G. R. McG.). Salem, 6, IX-24, 1921 (H. A. S.). Three Sisters

region: Deer Butte (elevation 4650 feet), 6, VIII-9, 1926 (H. A. S.).

7. Bremus franklini Frison

Prison, 1921, p. 147, $, Nogales, Arizona (E. J. Oslar). Morpko-

type 5 and allotype 6, Frison, 1922, pp. 314-315, Oregon (C. F

Baker) ; Frison, 1926, p. 132.

Range : Western United States.

The only other records of B. franklini for Oregon, in addi-

tion to the types, are two workers taken by the author. The

species seems to be rare throughout its range.

Gold Hill, 5, VII-2, 1925 (H. A. S.). Roseburg, VI-29, 1925

(H. A. S.).

8. Bremus huntii (Greene)

Greene, 1860, p. 172, 2, “Utah Territory.” (Redescribed: Franklin,

1912, p. 319.)

B. ternarius Viereck et al., 1904, p. 99, Condon and Corvallis, Ore-

gon, VII-14, 1900 and VIII-14, 1900 (Tulley). See Lutz and

Cockerell, 1920, p. 519; Franklin, 1912, p. 322, Oregon.

Range : From Canada to New Mexico and east to Nebraska

and the Dakotas.

B. huntii is a Rocky Mountain form rarely found in western

Oregon. All specimens from western Oregon are from the

Willamette Valley.

Corvallis, 2, VI-8, 1900 (Bennett); 6, IX-29, 1924 (H. A. S.).

Salem, IX-24, 1921 (H. A. S.).

9. Bremus edwardsii (Cresson)

Cresson, 1878, p. 184, 2, ^ (not 6) California; Vancouver Island,

B. C. (Edwards); Colorado (Morrison). “Possibly one of the last

two is erroneous” (Lutz and Cockerell, 1920, p. 512). (Redescribed

under name of fernaldi: Franklin, 1911, p. 157, and 1912, p. 323. See

Frison, 1922, p. 317; 1926, p. 133.)

Range : Alaska to California and east to Colorado.

From the present records it would appear that this species

may be limited in Oregon to the Willamette Valley and the

coastal region.

October, 1927] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

Brookings, 6, VII-9, 1925 (G. R. McG.). Corvallis, 6, 1900. Gold

Beach, VII-10, 1925 (G. R. McG.).

10. Bremus edwardsii var. russulus Frison

Prison, 1927, p. 374, Yosemite Valley, California.

Range: Higher altitudes of California and Oregon.

Three Sisters region; Finger Board Prairie (elevation, 3825 feet);

5, VIII-14, 1926 (H. A. S.).

11. Bremus vosnesenskii (Radoszkowski)

Radoszkowski, 1862, p. 589, n. 13, $, 6, T. 6, F. 1. California

(Vosnesensky). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 325.)

Frison, 1927, p. 368. Mount Hood, Olney, Waldport, Jacksonville,

Ashland, Crater Lake, Oregon.

Range: From British Columbia to southern California and

east to Nevada. Franklin says: ‘Ht belongs mainly to the

Pacific Coast portion of the Transitional Zone, not crossing the

Sierra Nevada Range to any great extent.”

B. vosnesenskii is by far the most common species of bumble-

bee in the lower altitudes of western Oregon. It has been taken

as high as 4650 feet in the region of the Three Sisters by the

author, but is very uncommon at such high altitudes.

Brookings, 6, VII-9, 1925 (G. R. McG.); VII-8 and VII-9,

1925 (H. A. S.). Cascadia, VIII-11, 1924 (H. A. S.). Corvallis,

$, 11-28, 1926 (H. A. S.), to VII-26, 1907 (V. E.); 6, VII-17, 1925

(D. A. W.), to IX-22, 1906 (Currin); VII-1, 1923 (H. A. S.), to

IX-11, 1921 (H. A. S.). Fish Lake (Santiam Forest, elevation 3150

feet), $, 1905 (Cate). Gold Beach, $, VII-12, 1925 (H. A. S.);

6, VII-10, 1925 (H. A. S.); VII-10, 1925 (G. R. McG.). Grants

Pass, 2, IV-25, 1917 (C. W. Creel), to VII-1, 1925 (H. A. S.).

Manzanita, $ and 6, VII-30, 1920 (L. P. R.). Mary’s Peak (eleva-

tion, 4000 feet), $, V-30, 1924 (H. A. S.). McKenzie Bridge,

(elevation, 1329 feet), 2, VIII-25, 1924 (H. A. S.). Mount Jefferson,

September (A. L. L.). Newport, b, VII-13, 1905 (Davis). Ore-

gon Mountain (Josephine County), VII-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Port-

land, 2, VI-18, 1925 (H. A. S.). Rainier, 6, VII-17, 1907, and VIII-

25, 1907 (E. Newkirk); 2, VIII-25, 1907 (E. N.). Roseburg, VI-27,

1925 (G. R. McG.); 2, VI-28, 1925 (H. A. S.). Sexton Mountain

Josephine County, elevation 2046 feet), VI-30, 1925 (H. A. S.).

Three Sisters region (Cascade Mountains); Scott Lake (elevation,

4650 feet), 6, VIII-7, 1926 (H. A. S.); 2, VIII-9, 1926 (H. A. S.) ;

Deer Butte, 6, VIII-9, 1926 (H. A. S.); Fingerboard Prairie, 6,

VIII-14, 1926 (H. A. S.). Wahtum Lake (Mount Hood region,

elevation 3700 feet), 6, and y, VIII-24, 1923 (H. A. S.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

12. Bremus bifarius van nearticus (Handlirsch)

Handlirsch, 1888, p. 243, $, 6, British Columbia. (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 333. B. bifarius is described by Franklin, 1912,

p. 328, under the name Bombus ed’tcardsii. See Frison, 1922, p. 317.)

Frison, 1926, p. 134; 1927, p. 369, Crater Lake, Mount Hood,

Oregon.

Range : Probably from Alaska to California and east to the

Rocky Mountains.

With the exception of the one Forest Grove record this spe-

cies has not been taken below 3000 feet elevation. It is appar-

ently confined mostly to the higher altitudes (4000 to 6000 feet)

of the Cascade Mountains, where it is common on Aster in the

alpine meadows.

Belknap Springs (elevation 1650 feet), VIII-10, 1925 (G. R.

McG.). Fish Lake (Santiam Forest, elevation 3150 feet), 6, VII-5,

1925 (D. A. W.). Forest Grove, ?, IV-17, 1926 (H. A. S.). Three

Sisters region; Frog Camp (elevation 4700 feet), $ and VIII-15,

1926 (H. A. S.) ; McKenzie Pass (elevation 4650 feet), $ and

VIII-12, 1925 (G. R. McG.); Scott Lake (elevation 4650 feet), 6,

VIII-7 and VIII-12, 1926 (H. A. S.); 5, VIII-7 to VIII-13, 1926

(H. A. S.).

13. Bremus sylvicola (Kirby)

Kirb}'-, 1837, p. 272, latitude 65 degrees, America.

Range : Alaska and western Canada.

This is a species of the far north which is here recorded for

the first time for Oregon. It is apparently confined mostly to

the high altitudes. One $ , however, was taken at Coos Bay

on Digitalis purpurea. In the Three Sisters region it was taken

on Aster and Epilohium angustifolium.

Coos Bay, 6, VI-20, 1926 (H. A. S.). Three Sisters region;

Skieline Trail (elevation 5400 feet), 6, VIII-11, 1926 (H. A. S.) ; west

side timber line (elevation 6500 feet), 6, VIII-11, 1926 (H. A. S.)

White Branch Creek, 6, VIII-11, 1926 (H. A. S.).

14. Bremus melanopygus (Nylander)

Nylander, 1848, p. 236 (m elanophyge). 6. Sitka. (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 334.)

Viereck et al., 1904, p. 99, Corvallis (Cordley) and Mount Hood,

Oregon. Frison, 1927, p. 370, Olney, Newport, Mount Hood, Alsea

Grade (Benton County), Marshfield, Waldport, Oregon.

Range : Alaska south to Oregon and Colorado ; east to cen-

tral Canada and the Rocky Mountains.

This species is not uncommon in many parts of western

Oregon. It has been taken from near sea-level up to 2046 feet

October, 1927] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

(Sexton Mountain). It does not appear to be in the higher

altitudes as one might expect from Franklin’s report (1912,

p. 337).

Clatskanie, 6, V-16, 1925 (H. A. S.). Coos Bay, 6, VI-20, 1926

(H. A. S.). Corvallis, $, III-15, 1926, to IV-24, 1922 (both

H. A. S.); 9, V-9, 1926, to VI-16, 1925 (both H. A. S.). Forest

Grove, $, III-30, 1918 (M. M. R.). Gold Beach, $ and VII-10,

1925 (G. R. McG.). Grants Pass, 9, VII-4, 1925 (G. R. McG.) ;

McKenzie Pass (elevation 4650 feet), 6, VIII-12, 1925 (G. R. McG.).

Monroe, 9, 1925. Mount Jefferson, 9, VIII-17 (A. L. L.). New-

port, 6, V-16, 1915. Sexton Mountain (Josephine County, elevation

2046 feet), 6, VI-30, 1925 (H. A. S.). Waldport, 9, II, 1926 (J. E.

Davis); 9, IV-25, 1926 (B. G. T.). Wilson, 6, VIII-5, 1916

(M. M. R.).

15. Bremus sitkensis (Nylander)

Nylander, 1848, p. 235. 9, 6, 9. Sitka, Alaska. (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 377.)

B. oregonensis (Cresson), 1878, p. 185, 6, Oregon (Edwards);

B. oregonensis (Viereck et al.), 1904, p. 99, Corvallis, Oregon

(Cordley); Franklin, 1912, p. 381, Mount Hood, Oregon; Frison,

1927, p. 372, Waldport, Olney.

Range : Alaska to California and east to the Rocky Mountains.

B. sitkensis is quite generally distributed over western Ore-

gon, although uncommon. It ranges from sea-level to over 5000

feet elevation in the Three Sisters region. It is not uncommon

in the coast mountains.

Albany, 6, VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.). Alsea, 9, V-29, 1926

(H. A. S.). Alsea Mountain, 9, IIT9, 1926 (H. A. S.). Brookings,

6 and 9, VII-8, 1925 (H. A. S.). Cascadia, 9, VIII-15, 1924

(H. A. S.). Coos Bay, 6, VI-20 and VII-17, 1926 (both H. A. S.);

9, VI-18 and VI-17, 1926 (both H. A. S.). Corvallis, 9, III-24,

1926 (H. A. S.); 6, VIII-8, 1925; 9, V-18, 1915, to IX, 1926

(H. A. S.). Kings Valley, 6, VII, 1907. Mary’s Peak, 9, VII-8,

1914 (L. G. Gentry). Rockaway, 9, VI-27, 1920 (L. P. R.). Three

Sisters region; Skieline trail (elevation 5400 feet). 9, VIH-ll, 1926

(H. A. S.) ; Fingerboard Prairie, 6, VIIT14, 1926 (H. A. S.). Toledo,

9, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Triangle Lake (Lane County), 9, V-24,

1925 (H. A. S.). Waldport, 9, VI-5, and VI-7, 1925 (H. A. S.).

Wilson (Tillamook County), 6, and 9, VIII-7, 1916 (M. M. R.).

Woodruff Meadows (Jackson County, elevation 3200 feet), 9, VII-4,

1922 (W. J. C).

16. Bremus caliginosus Frison

Prison, 1927, p. 376, 6, Areata, California (C. D. Duncan, Sep-

tember 16, 1920).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

Frison, 1927, p. 379, Corvallis, Kings Valley, Alsea, Gold Beach,

Oregon.

Range: Western parts of Oregon, Washington, and Cali-

fornia.

Alsea, 6, VII-29, 1922, and VIII-2, 1921 (both H. A. S.). Brook-

ings, 6, VII-9, 1925 (H. A. S.). Coos Bay, 6, VI-20, 1926 (H. A. S.).

Corvallis, 6, IX-1, 1924 (H. A. S.). Gold Beach, 6, VII-10, 1925

(H. A. S.). Kings Valley (Benton County), 6, VII-18, 1905

(Vincent).

17. Bremus mixtus (Cresson)

Cresson, 1878, p. 186, 2, Colorado (Morrison). (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 381.)

Franklin, 1912, p. 384, Oregon; Frison, 1927, p. 371, Newport,

Olney, Corvallis, Waldport, Alsea Grade (Benton County), Colestin,

Oregon.

Range: Alaska and central Canada south to northern Cali-

fornia and east to Montana and Colorado.

B. mixtus is one of the more common species of the lower

elevations of western Oregon. It is especially common in the

lower altitudes of the Coast Mountains. This species seems to

nest earlier than most others, as the first worker bumblebees

to appear are usually of this species.

Alsea Mountain, $, III-9, 1926 (H. A. S.) ; 6, VIII-2, 1925

(H. A. S.); V-5, 1923, to VII-20, 1921 (both H. A. S.). Brook-

ings, ^ , VII-8, 1925 (H. A. S.). Corvallis, $, III-19, 1926 (H. A. S.),

to V-15, 1898; 6, V-28, 1915 (E. Dunn), to VIII-3, 1897; g, IV-14,

1926 (H. A. S.), to IX-9, 1906 (Schrack). Elam, 2, IV-18, 1926

(H. A. S.). Eugene, 6, VIII-21, 1921 (H. A. S.). Fish Lake,

(Santiam Forest, elevation 3150 feet), 2, IX-5, 1925 (D. A. W.).

Forest Grove, 2, III-31, 1914 (L. P. R.), to V-13, 1917 (Lane);

6, VII-20 to IX, 1918 (both Lane); 5, V-20, 1918 (Cole). McKenzie

Pass (elevation 4650 feet), 6, VIII-12, 1925 (G. R. McG.). Med-

ford, 5, VII-17, 1906. Oregon Mountain (Josephine County), 6,

VII-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Portland, VI-18, 1925 (H. A. S.).

Rainier, 6, VII-17, 1907. Salem, 2, IV-12, 1924 (D. A. W.). Three

Sisters region; Scott Lake (elevation 4650 feet), $, VIII-9, 1926

(H. A. S.); Timber line, west side (elevation 6500 feet), 6, VIII-11,

1926 (H. A. S.). Toledo, 6, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Triangle Lake

(Lane County), $ and V-24, 1925 (H. A. S.). Wahtum Lake

Mount Hood region, elevation 3700 feet), $ , VIII-24, 1923 (H. A. S.).

Woodburn, 2, VII-6, 1906 (Kinnison).

(To be Continued)

October, 1927] Campbell — celery leaf-tyer

THE CELERY LEAF-TYER, PHLYCT^NIA RUBL

GALIS GUEN., IN CALIFORNIA (LEP.)

BY ROY E. CAMPBELL

United States Bureau of Entomology

The celery leaf-tyer, or celery worm, known also as the green-

house leaf-tyer (2, 5, 10)^ is a common greenhouse pest in the

United States. It also attacks several outdoor crops, notably

celery and sugar beets, and in California has caused serious

loss to the celery industry. During its attacks on sugar beets

considerable foliage is destroyed, but the actual damage is

usually negligible, because the beets are usually well grown

before being attacked and because ordinary feeding on the heavy

foliage of the beet does not noticeably affect crop yields.

HISTORY AS AN OUTDOOR PEST

The first mention of this insect as an outdoor pest was in

1893, when G. C. Davis (4) reported it from Michigan as

boring into the crown and feeding on the leaves of celery.

Chittenden (2) reported numerous larvae in a celery field in

the District of Columbia in 1897, and observed the moths in a

rhubarb field in 1898 and 1899. Forbes and Hart (6) reported

a few adults and larvae from a beet field in Illinois in 1900.

The United States Department of Agriculture Yearbook for

1907 (9) mentions this insect as injurious to sugar beets in

California, and Bethune (1) in 1909 reported it as sometimes

occurring on celery in Ontario.

The first record of occurrence outdoors in California is in

1907 (9), but the first account of damage to celery was made

by Quayle (7) in 1910 who writes that “it has been known to

exist in Orange County for several years, but did not do serious

damage until last year.” Rogers (8) in 1911 writes as follows:

“During the past season the celery fields have suffered severely

from attacks of the celery leaf-tyer {Phlycteenia ferrugalis Hbn.).

This insect has been seen in small numbers previous to this year,

but had caused no large losses. This season, however, many acres

of celery were almost totally destroyed by it. The worms com-

menced their devastations early in September and became worse up

to the time the cold weather and rains set in, and from then to the

last of the season they were present in most of the fields, although

they were not very active.”

1 Numbers in parentheses refer to “literature cited,” p. 83.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

Inquiries among growers and buyers of celery in the affected

districts confirmed the foregoing, all agreeing that the damage

became serious in 1909 and 1910, but that larvse, moths, and

scattering infestations had been observed for several seasons

previously. In 1921 celery grown near the coast in Los Angeles

County was severely damaged. It has in recent years become

a serious celery-crop hazard in the vicinity of Sanford, Florida.

CHARACTER OF INJURY

The newly hatched larva spins a thin web, usually on the

lower surface of the leaf, under which it feeds. At first only

the epidermis of the leaf is eaten, but as the larva increases in

size, holes are eaten through the leaves, and as feeding con-

tinues, these holes enlarge. More mature larvae web parts of a

leaf together or two contiguous leaves, in which sheltered place

feeding continues. When only a few larvae are present, slight

damage is done, but if they are numerous the leaves may be

skeletonized, and in severe attacks the plants are defoliated.

Hence, the main injury to the celery crop in California from

the leaf-tyer is the actual destruction of the foliage.

The larvae also often make their way down into the heart

of the plant, and feed on the sides of the stems, eating out

irregular cavities which turn dark and are very unsightly. A

large quantity of frass is left by the larvae, which may become

entangled in the web and leaves, greatly increasing the unsightli-

ness of the celery.

Badly injured celery is unmarketable. Celery bunches with

larvae, webs, and frass in the foliage, or with the foliage a little

eaten, or with the blotches on the stems, are greatly reduced

in market value.

EXTENT OF DAMAGE

In the Orange County district, up to about fifteen years ago,

from 5000 to 7000 acres of celery, valued at that time at over

a million dollars, were raised annually. Owing to losses from

the leaf-tyer and a disease, late blight,^ this acreage began to

decrease about 1911, and a sharp decline followed, until in

1916 there were less than 200 acres in the entire district. It

has been estimated that one-fourth of the responsibility for this

abandonment attaches itself to the celery leaf-tyer. During

2 Septoria petroselini var. a p i i .

October, 1927] Campbell — celery leaf-tyer

the period of greatest damage, just prior to and during the

years of the rapid decline in acreage, 25 per cent of the bunches

had to be discarded in many fields. Of those shipped, there

was a considerable reduction in the market value on account

of minor damage to the celery, or the presence of a few worms.

In the last few years a considerable acreage along the coast

of Los Angeles County has been devoted to the raising- of

celery, maturing during the late summer and fall. This has been

subject to severe damage by the leaf-tyer.

DESCRIPTION ^

The adult is a small moth, clay brown in color, with a wing

expanse of about three-fourths of an inch. The fore wings are clay

brown, irregularly marked with black lines. The hind wings are

gray, becoming brownish toward the ends. Both pairs of wings have

a border of small black dots.

The typical position of the moth at rest is with the inner margins

of the fore wings parallel and touching down the dorsum. The palpi

extend rather prominently in front of the head.

The egg is broadly ovate, flattened, grayish white, but sufficiently

translucent to reveal through it the color of the surface upon which

it is deposited; the upper surface is shiny and iridescent. The flat,

oval shape, the iridescence, and the overlapping manner in which

the eggs are laid give the mass a resemblance to fish scales. As it

develops, the egg turns darker, and the dark head of the embryonic

larva can easily be made out through the shell. The length averages

about 0.8 millimeter and the width 0.6 millimeter.

The larva when newly hatched is pale yellowish white, with a

darkish head. It is about 2 millimeters long and less than half as

wide. As the larva feeds, it takes on a greenish appearance. The

full-grown larva is pale green or greenish yellow, and slightly trans-

lucent. Along the back there is a somewhat conspicuous green

median stripe, on each side of which are double lines of white. The

head is light, with faint dark spots. The surface is sparsely covered

with rather long hairs. The full-grown larva is a little over three-

fourths of an inch long and one-twelfth of an inch wide.

The pupa is dark, shiny brown, with conspicuous spines on the

dorsum. Wing-pads and legs show plainly on the ventral side. It

is slightly less than three-fourths of an inch long.

DISTRIBUTION

As an outdoor pest the celery leaf-tyer has been reported

from Ontario, Canada, to Florida, and from Michigan to Cali-

fornia and subtropical Texas. It may be found in all celery

sections of southern California and is present in largest num-

3 For complete description and synonymy, see (10).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

bers and has done the greatest damage near the coast in Orange

and Los Angeles counties. In the El Monte section of Los

Angeles County adults may be found throughout the season,

but there only occasional damage is done. It occurs in Ventura

County and a few specimens have been taken at Davis, in the

Sacramento Valley. Other records of occurrence as an outdoor

pest are Sanford, Fla. ; Baton Rouge, La. ; Moreton, Delaware

County Pa. ; Alameda, Brownsville, Childress, and San Benito,

Texas; Diamond Springs, Norfolk, and Shelton, Texas.

LIFE HISTORY IN CALIFORNIA

The moths lay their eggs on the lower surface of the leaves,

or on the stems, either singly or in masses. Usually from three

to eight are laid in an imbricated group, but the number may

run as high as a dozen. The length of the oviposition period

ranges from eight to nineteen days, averaging thirteen, and the

number of eggs laid by a single female is from 48 to 176, with

an average of 130.

The duration of the different stages in the life history of the

celery leaf-tyer varies considerably according to the tempera-

ture, being much shorter in summer than in winter. The egg

stage ranges from a minimum of four days in the summer,

when the mean temperature is around 70 degrees F. to a maxi-

mum of thirty days in the winter, when the mean temperature

is about 50 degrees F. ; the larval stage from twenty-one to

sixty-eight days. After the larva reaches maturity it ties itself

up in a leaf or leaves and remains quiet for several days before

turning to the pupa. This prepupal stage may last from two

to ten days, and the pupal stage from six to thirty-seven days.

Table 1 gives the maximum, minimum, and average number of

days for each stage for the four seasons of the year, and

Table 2 shows the monthly maximum, minimum, and mean tem-

peratures for the same period. In captivity the length of the

adult life was from six to thirty-four days, with an average of

nineteen days.

HABITS

Soon after hatching, the young larva begins feeding on the

under side of the leaves. At first only the lower epidermis is

eaten, but as the larva grows it becomes more voracious and

eats the entire foliage. Its leaf-tying habit soon begins to

October, 1927] Campbell — celery leaf-tyer

manifest itself by the silken web with which it fastens together

parts of a leaf, or two or more leaves if they happen to be in

close proximity. The larva continues to feed and grow in this

manner, remaining concealed in a cluster of foliage, or tied up

in a single leaf. When disturbed, a larva will wriggle violently

and drop down among the lower foliage or to the ground.

When fully mature, the larva ties itself up tightly in a leaf or

leaves, as described above, and in this protected place trans-

forms to the pupa.

The moths begin flying about sundown, and continue to fly

through the early evening. During the day they remain in

hiding on the under side of a leaf or amid the foliage, and

only fly when disturbed. Then they fly in a rapid, jerky manner,

over the tops of the plants, and usually for a short distance only,

alighting on a near-by plant, and immediately hiding under the

leaves.

NUMBER OF GENERATIONS PER YEAR

From Table 1 it may be seen that during the winter the

insect requires over three months to complete a generation, from

oviposition to emergence of the adult; in the spring, about two

months ; in the summer, a little over one month ; and in the fall,

somewhat less than two months.

A careful check of the life-history studies carried through

three seasons indicates that ordinarily there may be a maximum

of five or six generations a year. Three or four of these occur

during the six months from June to December, which is the

active growing season for celery, and the remaining two genera-

tions occupy the balance of the year.

The generations are not entirely distinct, as there is consider-

able overlapping, and, while they can be observed with no great

difficulty in the laboratory, they are usually too indistinct for

recognition in the field.

In Table 3 is shown a continuous-generation series carried

through more than a year. The first eggs from the first adults

to emerge in the second and fifth generations failed to hatch,

making it necessary to replace them with fertile eggs produced

later. This slightly broke the continuity of the series. From

eggs laid July 4, adults of the fifth generation were produced

on June 18 to 23. Adding the two weeks until the end of the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

year and the more than three weeks which elapsed between the

second and third generations, gives ample time for the sixth

generation to be produced within the year.

SEASONAL HISTORY

The main celery crop of California is practically all harvested

before March 1, only a comparatively small acreage remaining

later than that date. At that time the larvae and adults are

scarce, and the development of those that are present is slow.

The larvae live on celery along drainage ditches, in the late

or old abandoned fields, in old seed beds, on beets, or anywhere

where their food plants are available. With warmer weather

their growth and activity increase, and they will be found infest-

ing sugar beets as well as, to a lesser degree, the celery seed

beds. If a celery field is near a beet field, an infestation of the

former may be expected soon after the beets are harvested, for

the moths, when deprived of the shelter of the dense foliage

of a mature beet field, will migrate to the celery field.

Ordinarily an infestation of any consequence occurs in the

celery field about the first of September, although in some sea-

sons it may take place as early as the middle of August. The

larvae and adults increase rapidly in numbers during September,

and are very plentiful in October. By November the cooler

weather, especially if there have been early rains, slows up the

growth of the larvae, and the number of both larvae and adults

becomes less. However, if warm weather continues into No-

vember, the worms will continue their activity. By December

and January they will have become scarce, and only a very few

can be found in February or March.

The main crop of celery is usually transplanted in July and

early August and, owing to severe cutting of both top and

roots, does not make much growth during the first month in

the field. Hence the celery is small when infestation by the

leaf-tyer begins, and the growth is very materially checked if

the infestation is at all serious. Fields of excellent celery have

been observed which were badly infested, and although the

larvae were finally killed by spraying, sufficient damage was

done to set back harvesting more than a month.

Early planted celery usually receives the most damage, be-

cause it is exposed to infestation while the plants are small,

and is ready to harvest before the larvae have become scarce.

October, 1927] Campbell — celery leaf-tyer

The later planted and marketed celery may be injured some-

what at first, but has more of a chance to recover and make a

good growth, and by the time it is ready to prepare for mar-

keting, the “worms” will have practically disappeared.

NATURAL ENEMIES ^

Several natural enemies of the celery leaf-tyer have been

taken in the field, but usually they are not present in sufficient

numbers to be of any consequence in controlling the “worms.”

Of the internal hymenopterous parasites found, Rhogas rufo-

coxalis Cresson was the most common and Campoplex phthori-

maecE Cushman was occasionally taken. It is probable that at

times the egg parasite Trichogramma minutum Riley is quite

effective.

WEATHER CONDITIONS

Development is much more rapid in warm than in cold

weather. A common observation among the growers, confirmed

by the writer’s investigation, was that larvae were much more

plentiful and damage more severe during a warm, dry season

than during one when rains came early and were followed by

cool fall weather.

LITERATURE CITED

(1) Betlinne, C. J. S.

1909. Insects affecting vegetables. In Ontario Agr. Coll.

Bui. 171, pp. 1-36, 47 fig.

(2) Chittenden, F. H.

1901. Some insects injurious to the violet, rose, and other

ornamental plants. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Bui. 27,

n. s., p. 114, 29 fig.

(3) Chittenden, F. H.

1922. List of natural enemies of the celery leaf-tyer. Can.

Ent., Vol. 54, p. 174.

(4) Davis, G. C.

1893. Insects injurious to celery. Mich. Sta. Agr. Coll., Bui.

102, pp. 23-52, 20 fig.

(5) Davis, J. J.

1912. Report on insects injurious to flowers and ornamental

greenhouse plants in Illinois. In twenty-seventh Rept.

State Ent. 111., pp. 83-143 (xvii), 52 figs.

(6) Forbes, Stephen A., and Hart, Charles A.

1900. The economic entomology of the sugar beet. 111. Agr.

Exp. Sta., Bui. 60, pp. 397-532, 98 figs., 9 pi. Bibliography,

pp. 518-523.

4 See Chittenden (3) for a list of the parasites of this insect.

84 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

(7) Quayle, H. J.

1910. The celery leaf-tyer. In California Cultivator, Vol.

35, No. 16, p. 371.

(8) Rogers, Stanley S.

1911. The late blight of celery. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui.

208, pp. 83-115, 17 fig.

(9) United States Department of Agriculture.

1908. The principal injurious insects of the year 1907. In

Yearbook, 1907, pp. 541-552.

(10) Weigel, C. A. et al.

1924. The greenhouse leaf-tyer {Phlyctania rubigalis Guen.).

In Jour. Agr. Research, Vol. XXIX, No. 3, pp. 137-158.

Table I. — ISasimure, minimum, and average length. In days, of the

different life stages of the celery leaf-tyer for the four seasons of

the year at Alhambra, Calif.

stage

December, January

and Februarv

March, April

and May

June, July

and Ausnast

September, October

and NoverTihsT

Max.

1 Min.

Aver,

Max,

1 Min.

Aver.

Max

, Mih

j.Aver

.Max.

Min

Aver.

Sgg

17.

Larva

42.

23.5

Prepupa

5.5

3.3

2.3

3.3

Pupa

15.5

Egg to

adult

113.5

107

79.3

42.7

55.7

Table 2. — Average maximum, minimum, and mean seasonal temperature

at Alhambra, Calif., irhile the life history of the celery leaf-tyer

as shown in Table 3 was being studied.

Dec. .Jan. .Feb.

Mar. Anr.Mav

Juiie. July. Aus.

Sent. Oct. Nov.

Ave. Max.-

•

1 ^

1 CO

•

83® F.

Ave. Min.--

Ave, mean

TABIX 3.— C01ITiliUUIB-(}n<x;5Al.'iai SSHirS UF 'iUB.CEXSBl

1 Qeneration

" 1

•i

S & n

S-ri

1 ^ o

+»

1 ®

4* 4» •

ill

Vl •

3l«

o q •H

7-4-lB

7-11

8-4

8-13

8-24

4a_

8-17*

8-24

a - 16

9-26

• £6

10-6

lW-25

10-31

12-16

1^14

2- It

112

11-2

112

1-17-

1-31

4-2

4-19

4-25

106

2-3

6-2

102

116

4-22-lS’

6-7

3U ^

6-7

6-19

31 4

7-13

7-la

8-12

8-18

9-23

£2

October, 1927] doane and steinweden — ripersia

A NEW RIPERSIA (HOMOP.) ATTACKING

WHEAT

BY R. W. DOANE AND J. B. STEINWEDEN

Stanford University

While examining the roots of wheat in the dry farm region

in Salt Lake County, Utah, in May, 1927, we found that a

number of the plants were infested with a coccid which was

more or less covered by a considerable amount of white, cot-

tony secretion. Further examination showed that the insect was

much more abundant on the roots of the common June grass

which covers the uncultivated lands throughout this region and

which was very abundant in this field of dry land wheat. This

grass is doubtless the native host for this insect. The infesta-

tions are local. Small areas a few feet or a few yards in

diameter may be badly infested while other plants, near by, may

have none of the coccids on them.

In the areas where the June grass is badly infested many of

the insects have gone over to the roots of the wheat ; sometimes

75 to 80 per cent of the wheat plants in these infested areas

showed some infestation. The field where these were first found

had been uncultivated for several years previous to this and was

entirely covered with June grass. It was poorly disced before

the wheat was sown, so the grass is still very abundant through-

out the field. It is too early yet to determine whether this spe-

cies will prove to be of economic importance on the wheat. It

is quite possible that as the grass ripens and drys, more of the

insects may migrate to the roots of the wheat. If they become

at all abundant on the wheat they may seriously affect the plants.

The wheat in this dry farm region usually needs all of the

moisture that its roots can gather and roots infested with such

a sucking insect as this cannot properly perform their function.

As the insect is apparently undescribed a description follows :

Ripersia arenaria Doane and Steinweden, n. sp.

Adults covered with a considerable amount of white cottony

secretion. Length on slide 2 to 3 mm. General form of body

oval, somewhat elongate.

Antennas short, six-segmented (figure F).

Leg short (figure E).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

Derm with multilocular pores (figure B) and short, stout setae

(figure C) on both dorsal and ventral sides, more numerous on

dorsum, especially in posterior region of body. A few small, scat-

tered tubular ducts (figure D) on both ventral and dorsal sides. No

triangular or quinquelocular pores. A few scattered, long, slender

body setae down center of body and at posterior region, both dorsally

and ventrally.

Cerarii absent.

Anal ring ' simple with six anal setae arranged in two groups on

each side (figure A). Only a few simple anal pores.

Anal lobes inconspicuous with only one long, slender, hair-like seta.

Type locality: On roots of June grass {Bromus arenarius),

near Salt Lake City, Utah.

Type slide deposited in Stanford University collection.

Figure A, posterior region of body; left, ventral side; right, dorsal

side; figure B, multilocular pore; figure C, seta; figure D, tubular

duct; figure E, leg; figure F, antenna.

October, 1927] barnes-benjamin — synonymic notes 87

SYNONYMIC NOTES (LEPID., ARCTIIDT:)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Through the kindness of Dr. K. Jordan and Baron Roths-

child, we have received a specimen of Pygarctia oslari Roths.,

and paratypes of ‘‘Pygarctia” fusca Roths., Halisidota macu-

lata texana Roths, and Hemihyalea argillacea Roths. As the

synonymy herein proposed is to be used in a ‘‘Bombycid'" List

we think it well to publish our version of the placement of these

names.

“Pygarctia” fusca represents a species heretofore unknown

to us. It appears to be a EuchcBtias ; is as large, or larger, than

gigantea ; with color and maculation like sella save for the

absence of the white discal dot of that species.

Pygarctia oslari appears to us to be only bleached out speci-

mens of murina Stretch (poliochroa Hamps.), but pending

receipt of further New Mexican material we prefer tentatively

to retain the name as a race.

Hemihyalea argillacea appears to be rubbed edwardsii. In

this regard, in material from a number of collections, we have

found the names edwardsii and labecula transposed. We pos-

sess a specimen compared with the type of edwardsii (Mus.

Comp. Zool.) and another specimen compared with the type of

labecula (Snow Coll.), both comparisons made by Dr. McDun-

nough. Crete’s original description of labecula points out that

it is ‘dess yellow than edwardsii, differing by the brownish

thorax.” Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill, 131, pi.

XXXIX, seems to have the two species correctly sorted. Hol-

land, 1903, Moth Book, pi. XIV, f. 6, conveys the impression

that edwardsii is darker than labecula which he puts as f. 7

of the same plate. We suspect his figure 6 simply represents

a fresh specimen of the same species as his figure 7 and that

both figures refer to labecula. True edwardsii is much more

yellow on wing ground color and with a yellow thorax. The

hyaline nature of the wings of both species seems mainly in-

fluenced by the amount the specimens have flown before being

caught.

Halisidota maculata texana appears to us to be the same as

alni Hy. Edw. There is a decided question in our minds if alni

is distinct from angulifera Wlk., or if either differ enough from

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

eastern maculata for the names to be of any consequence. The

species seems to enter Texas from the west via Colorado, Utah

and New Mexico. We have not seen- the species from the

southeastern region between Texas and Pennsylvania. Eastern

maculata, of which we possess specimens from Pennsylvania

and New York north to Maine and Ontario is a very variable

insect and includes within its range of variability specimens

like typical alni and angulifera. The latter may, perhaps, repre-

sent an insular race (Vancouver Island) very slightly darker

and brighter marked than typical alni, the differences decidedly

obsolescent. We know of no way to sort alni from maculata

save by the locality labels. We have alni from Mount Shasta,

California (topotypical) ; Arrowhead Lake and Kaslo, British

Columbia ; Reed, Oregon ; various California localities probably

ranging as far south as Santa Cruz (E. A. Dodge) ; Reno,

Nevada; Park County (Oslar), Gunnison County (Lindsey),

Durango and Glenwood Springs, Colorado ; Stockton and

Provo, Utah (Spalding) ; White Mountains, Arizona (Lusk) ;

Jemez Springs, New Mexico; Texas. The larva is said to be

somewhat different from eastern maculata. The name agassisi

Pack, appears applicable to a local race from the coast region

of California with most of the maculation often more or less

obsolescent leaving the reniform darker and contrasting, the

ground color often deeper than in alni. We have it from

Solano and Alameda counties, and what appears to be much

the same thing from San Luis Obispo. We cannot comment

on the exact status of eureka Dyar, described from Eureka,

California. It has all the tendencies of agassisi for reduction

of transverse maculation and the intensification of the reniform,

besides being heavily brown-shaded along costa, inner margin,

and on and distad of the reniform. The fringes of the wings

are brown instead of yellow. The name may represent a dis-

tinct species, it may be racial, color form, or possibly may be

based on aberrational specimens. Tentatively we retain it as a

race. The name indistincta B. and Med. belongs in the maculata

group of the genus and may represent either a distinct species

or a race of maculata. It is known to us from the type $ only,

locality Santa Catalina Island. It has been figured 1912, Con-

trib., I, (4), pi. XIII, f. 14. It appears to have darker fringes

than normal for maculata forms with the exception of eureka.

October, 1927] barnes-benjamin — synonymic notes 89

and a different subterminal line. We are inclined to consider

the name represents a valid but local species. Hampson, 1920,

Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Suppl., II, 269, sinks the name to bicolor

Wlk., but the type of indistincta does not even faintly resemble

Hampson’s figure of bicolor (1901, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., Ill,

151, pi. XL, f. 4).

ON THE IDENTITY OF ACIDALIA HEPATICARIA

GN. (LEPID., GEOMETRID.T:)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

This species was described by Guenee, 1857, Sp, Gen., IX,

471. The specimen figured by Oberthiir (f. 3421) is in the

Barnes collection. It bears labels “Typicum Specimen,” “Ex

Musseo Ach, Guenee.” This specimen is very probably the type.

It is a Scelolophia close to crossii Hist. Xystrota rubromargi-

naria Pac. (ferruminaria Zell., rubromarginata Pack.) is the

oldest name known to us for the species heretofore going as

hepaticaria, with voluct'ata Hist, as the dark form.

ON THE IDENTITY OF “COSMIA” ORINA GN.

(LEPID., PHAL^NID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Elaphria grata Hbn.

1818 ?, Hiibner, Zutr. exot. Schmett., I, 16, No. 36, ff. 71-72, Elaphria.

orina Gn.

1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen., VI, Noct., II, 10, Cosmia,

rasilis Morr,

1874, Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, 158, Hadena.

%subusta Auct. (nec Hbn.).

1899, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Lep., Het., I, 290 (partim.),

A tethmia,

A specimen was received from the Oberthiir collection bear-

ing Guenee’s label, “Cosmia orina Gn. Spec. 678 Amer. Sep-

tentr, Baltimore (Becker).”

This specimen, which is Elaphria grata, may be the type of

orina. It agrees perfectly with the original description.

The species heretofore going under the name of orina does

not agree with the original description.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. IV, NO. 2

Illustrations for

TWO INTERESTING BEETLES FROM CARLSBAD CAVERN

BY WARWICK BENEDICT

October, 1927]

HERMS TABANIDS

TABANIDS BREEDING IN RICE FIELDS

BY W. B. HERMS

Professor of Parasitology, University of California -

Since the introduction of rice in California there has been

an apparent increase in the number of horseflies (Tabanidse)

in counties where this crop is grown. The writer has con-

sistently been able to collect Tabanid larvae in roadside pools,

the result of rice field drainage.

Recently an investigation of the rice fields of Colusa County

was undertaken to ascertain the extent of horsefly breeding.

This county is not only a large producer of rice, but is also

an important dairy section, and many complaints have been

received because of the punishment which dairy cattle suffer

from the bites of numerous horseflies, particularly the large

black and white species, Tabanus punctifer O. S. Anthrax is

a very common disease in this county and recently cases of

anaplasmosis have occurred in several of the dairy herds. An-

thrax is known to be transmitted in part by Tabanids ; to what

extent, if any, anaplasmosis is transmitted by these blood

suckers remains to be seen.

To be impressed with the seriousness of this problem one

needs but visit a dairy in the vicinity of one of these great rice

fields and observe the hordes of vicious flies at work on the

cattle, and then strike out for the rice and note the numbers of

flies flying hither and thither over the fields.

Characteristic egg masses of Tabanus punctifer were found

in abundance (early August) adhering to the stems and blades

of the rice and other aquatic vegetation. A number of these

egg masses were collected and observed in the laboratory at

Berkeley. The size of the dark gray-colored masses varies

somewhat with the surface to which they are attached, i. e., on

a narrow stem the mass in several layers may be somewhat more

elongate, to about three-quarters inch, or it may be much more

heaped up or wedge shaped. The number of eggs varies from

about 200 to 300. The incubation period is approximately

seven days. The spindle-shaped, 2 mm. long larvae tumble out

of the egg and fall upon the surface of the water (or mud)

where they wriggle until the surface film is broken and they

drop to the bottom and are soon lost in the mud.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 2

The eggs appear to be invariably heavily parasitized. One

extreme case alone may be cited. Two egg masses were placed

in a shell vial covered with gauze, many egg masses were simi-

larly treated and large numbers of hymenopterous egg para-

sites reared, but in the case of the two egg masses 561 resulted

and not a single Tabanid larva emerged. With the number of

adult flies already so abundant one might well imagine the

extent of a horsefly plague if the present degree of parasitism

were largely reduced.

How long the larva remains in this stage is unknown, but

two stages, half grown and full grown, were collected in the

bottom muck along the edges of the rice fields at the time

stated. In this stage they are strongly predaceous and canna-

balistic. The full grown, yellowish white, spindle-shaped larva

measures about 4 cm. (1^ inches) in length and 6 to 7 mm. in

diameter. The full-grown larva leaves the water or muck and

enters the moist soil at the edge of the rice field (or along the

checks) where it pupates at a distance of from four to five

inches from the surface. The pupae are highly spinose, each

abdominal segment being provided with a circlet of spines near

the apex. In size the pupae are somewhat shorter than the

full-grown larvae, much more plump with the head end dis-

tinctly pupa-form.

Emergence of the adult is effected in a few days, apparently

but six to seven, the exact time was not observed. The pupa

case splits dorsally much after the fashion of a Cicada. There

stands before me on my desk a newly emerged female Tabanus

punctifer which although it was given the opportunity to feed

on a cow, even with the skin punctured to allow blood to exude,

remains stubbornly in a fast. We still have much to learn, if

we are to succeed well in transmission experiments.

Dr. E. G. Titus writes us that he now represents the Gebruder

Dippe, of Quedlinburg, Germany, in the United States and

Canada, and that his business address will be 416 Season Build-

ing, Salt Lake City, Utah. — Editor.

October, 1927] van dyke — new micrixys

A NEW SPECIES OF MICRIXYS (COLEOPTERA-

CARABID2E)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

Uni^versity of California, Berkeley, California

Micrixys mexicanus Van Dyke, new species

Robust, black, antennas, mouth-parts and legs ferruginous, outer

segments of antennas and palpi somewhat piceous; elytra an orange

red with narrow basal margin, a broad fascia slightly behind the

middle, dilated at the suture and not reaching the margin, and a tri-

angular patch at apex, broadest at suture, black. Head broadly sul-

cate anteriorly, clypeal margins lobular and well elevated above the

base of antennse, frons somewhat shining, and irregularly punctured.

Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, anterior margin trans-

verse, sides broadly arcuate, widest just back of middle, hind angles

sharply dentate and divergent, disc slightly convex, shallowly canali-

culate and very coarsely, somewhat confluently, punctate. Elytra

oval, somewhat over three-fifths as wids as long, convex, striae well

defined and coarsely, regularly punctured, intervals distinctly convex

and prominent, the sutural and first less so, the second most promi-

nent, all very finely and irregularly punctured. Beneath with entire

thorax and sides of abdomen coarsely punctured, the abdominal seg-

ments at middle somewhat smooth and finely punctured. Length,

8.5 mm.; breadth, 3.75 mm.

Type, a unique female (No. 2468, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), in

my collection, secured near Venedio, Sinaloa, Mexico, June 16,

1918, by Mr. J. August Kusche and by him kindly presented

to me.

This species, the second to be discovered in the genus, is

readily separable from the type species, Micrixys distinctus

(Hald.), by being slightly larger and proportionally broader,

with a different color pattern, the black head and prothorax

especially contrasting with the rufous head and prothorax of

the other, the clypeal margins more developed, the posterior

angles of the prothorax distinctly more prominent and diver-

gent, and the elytral striae and intervals clearly defined and with

an irregularity as to prominence of the inner intervals.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 2

A PALMACORIXA FROM MEXICO (HEMIPTERA,

CORIXID^)

BY H. B, HUNGERFORD

University of Kansas, Lavorence, Kansas

The genus Palmacorixa was established by Dr. Abbott ^ for

a new Corixid which he described from Fort Collins, Colorado,

under the name Palmacorixa gillettii. The genus is valid, but

the author’s characterization of it a little unfortunate, because

the metathoracic wings are not aborted in both sexes in all

cases and his description of the pala of the male is specific and

not generic. The following year he described P. buenoi from

New York. Since that time these species have been reported

from other states. I collected both of them from the same pond

in Minnesota. The following species from Mexico collected by

my friend, Dr. A. Dampf, is new.

Palmacorixa mexicana Hungerford, sp. new

Size: Length 4.85-5.00 mm. Width of head 1.45 mm., which is

equal to greatest body width. In the male specimen at hand the head

is .7 mm. long; pronotum .5mm.; elytral suture 1.9 mm.; distance

from tip of clavus to tip of membrane 1.75 mm.

Color: Vertex of head with longitudinal median brown stripe, brown

dot on interocular space near the base of each eye, caudal margin

of head brown; pronotum crossed by half a dozen narrow, more or

less broken, pale lines; clavus crossed by furcate and broken pale

lines, basal ones much broader than those of distal half which are

thin, broken and anastomosing, as is also true of corium and mem-

brane; embolium dark on basal half; face, limbs and venter pale, but

more or less embrowned.

Structural characteristics : Frontal depression on head of male large

attaining the eyes laterally and surpassing them dorsally, front

margin of vertex produced, faint median longitudinal carina ending

in the caudally produced rear margin of the head. Interocular space

both front and rear less than width of an eye; pronotum, narrow,

short, surface roughened. Metaxyphus normal in shape. Anterior

femur of male incrassate, produced on inner base and bearing a

large stri'dular area; tibia carinate on front side with white fleshy

disc on distal end; pala with outer margin produced and incurved;

pegs in two rows, one row of large pegs (four) along the lower

margin, another crescent-shaped row above, of ten pegs. The long

anterior tibia and the short triangular pala with its peg arrangement

1 Ent. News, Vol. XXIII, p. 337.

October, 1927 ] hungerford — palmacorixa

somewhat resembles those of A. mercenaria (Say). Strigil on right

side nearly circular and composed of six rows. Second pair of wings

appear to be aborted in these specimens.

Described from a male and a female taken in the Xochimilco

Sea, Mexico, D. F, August 3, 1924. By Alf. Dampf,

Holotype and allotype in collection of H. B. Hungerford.

Kalotermes minor (Hagen)

This very destructive termite, which works in dry wood and

does not need a ground connection like most other termites,

has recently been observed to have thoroughly honeycombed the

old redwood timbers of one of the bastions of old Fort Ross,

built by the Russians in 1812, near the mouth of the Russian

River in Sonoma County. The redwood normally is moder-

ately resistant to termite attacks, but in this case has, no doubt,

had much of its tannic acid leached out through long weather-

ing, and thus has lost its resistance. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

Uncommon BuPRESTiDiE

Acmceodera cuprina Spin, This greenish metallic beetle, nor-

mally found in Mexico and the West Indies, has been ques-

tionably kept on the list of United States Coleoptera on the

strength of a single specimen supposedly taken in Texas. It

may now be definitely retained, for on October 8, 1927, Miss

M. E. McClelland, Assistant Curator of Ornithology and Mam-

mology of the California Academy of Sciences, caught a speci-

men in Madera Canon, Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County,

Arizona,

Acmcsodera kaupii Thom. A specimen of this rare species,

not seen by Waterhouse, who studied the material for the

Biologia Centrali-Americana, was taken by a friend of mine,

Mrs. Mexia, while botanizing, January 1, 1927, near Sebastian,

Sierra Madera Mountains, altitude 1800 m., Jalisco, Mexico.

Both specimens are now in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor. S. B. Freeborn., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

Entomological work on the Pacific Coast has been, and to

quite an extent still is, the pioneer work of describing the new

species. This is foundation work and has to be done before

synoptical, faunal and monographic work can be undertaken.

In the East this work has advanced to where they are now pro-

ducing most excellent faunal treatises such as the Butterfly and

Moth books of Dr. W, J. Holland; Blatchley’s books on the

Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera; the Connecticut books

on Hynienoptera, Hemiptera and Odonata, and the New York

volume on the microlepidoptera. In the West the butterflies are

well covered by the beautiful books by W. G. Wright and J. A.

Comstock, but our insects of other orders are still in process

of description. In the work of collecting and describing the

new species the California Academy of Sciences has taken a

prominent place. In the pages of its three publications, the

Proceedings, Occasional Papers and the Bulletin, there have

been described seventy-six new genera and 2063 new species of

insects, while in the pages of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist have

thus far appeared the descriptions of twenty-six new genera

and 312 new species. In some of the orders of insects there are

still many undescribed species to be discovered in our western

fauna, but we are nearing our goal where useful faunal books

can be produced, when competent students with the necessary

leisure can be found to do the work.

A most interesting journal letter from Mr. C. L. Fox tells

of his safe arrival in England after a most delightful voyage

direct from San Francisco to London by way of the Panama

Canal. He was looking forward to an early resumption of his

studies in the genus Nomada, on which he was engaged when

he left San Francisco.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts. Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

For Sale

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street,

San Francisco, California

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fox, Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925,

The Bembicini. 10 cents.

Viereck, Descriptions of Seven Andrenids in the Collection of

the California Academy of Sciences. 15 cents.

Frison, Records and Descriptions of Western Bumblebees. 15

cents.

Fall, Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the

Gulf of California in 1921. The Chrysomelidae. 15

cents.

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Diptera. 75 cents.

VoL IV

January, 1928

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

GUNDER, REVIEW OF GENUS ZERENE 97

FOX, A NEW STICTIELLA FROM TEXAS 103

VAN DYKE, NEW LUCANID^ AND CERAMBYCID^ 105

BRISLEY, REVIEW OF THE TRIBES ORSODACNINI AND CRIOCERINI (CONT.) . 114

HUNGERFORD, NOTONECTA MEXICANA VARIETIES HADES AND CERES . . 119

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, DISTRIBUTION OF PERIZOMA OSCULATA HULST . 120

SCULLEN, BREMID^ OF WESTERN OREGON (cONT.) 121

KEIFER, CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA, III 129

BARNES AND BENJAMIN, IDENTITY OF FOUR SPECIES OF GEOMETRID^ . 133

SMITH, DISTINCTION BETWEEN THREE SPECIES OF EUMERUS 137

FERRIS, THE GENUS BRACHYPTEROMYIA WILLISTON 140

WYMORE, ON DINAPATE WRIGHTI HORN 143

EDITORIAL 144

San Francisco, California

1928

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

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Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

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Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

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REGIONAL MEMBERS

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E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San Firancisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

TYPE

form ^7

lintainita Gtill.

tr.f.—

fannia* Guh

form htrnardino £dw

sjpec ies-

Z#r«n«

turydict Bvd

masumbrosus Gun

Zcrene eur^btcc Plate I.

TYPE

cies* (male)

r«RC ca9$«nia Stoll

pecies- (female)

Z^rtne caesonia Stoll

PARATVPE

Zttent ca£S0nta ^ioll Plate II.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. IV, No. 3 January, 1928

A REVIEW OF GENUS ZERENE HBN. IN THE

UNITED STATES (LEPID., RHOPALOCERA)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena^ California

Two valid species of the genus Zerene Hbn. (dog-faced

butterflies) are found in the United States, north of Mexico,

but not reaching Canada. The best known of the two prob-

ably is Zerene ccesonia Stoll which occurs plentifully in the

southern states, ranging northward up the Mississippi valley

and extending westward sparingly through New Mexico and

Arizona into California, where it has recently established an

additional habitat in the Imperial Valley. Specimens have also

been taken rarely as far north as the San Francisco Bay region.

The other species is Zerene eurydice Bdv., which is found only

in California, being particularly common in the San Bernardino

mountains of southern California, also occurring northward,

as first reported by various early writers, as far as Mendocino

County. It can be said that eurydice is more of a mountain

butterfly, while ccesonia prefers the plains and low altitudes. I

cannot see enough constant difference between ccesonia as found

in eastern United States and similar specimens taken in the

West to make a racial separation. It is true that ccesonia, as

found in New Mexico and Arizona and adjacent northern

states, is less broadly marked, but similar specimens may be

sorted out wherever ccesonia flies in quantity. In some locali-

ties in the East the under side appears more ruddy (perhaps a

seasonal form) and the maculation heavier ; in these particu-

lars they differ somewhat.

Entomological writers in the past have always wondered just

how near ccesonia and eurydice converge, or if there is a con-

necting link between them. Typical male eurydice is of course

easily told from male ccesonia by its brilliant reddish sheen over

upper side of primaries. This superficial difference is well

known and has been shown for years by Edwards, Wright and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

others in their colored plates. The distinction, or rather unity

as I will show (compare fig. “X” on ccEsonia plate with similar

fig. “X” on eurydice plate) between the females, has never been

worked out and that is the primary reason for this article, for

I believe it is in the forms of this sex that a common ancestor

may some day be traced.

Explanation of Plate 1. Zerene eurydice Bdv.

The genus Zerene is closely related to, and probably was for-

merly united with, the genus Eurymus (Colias). Aside from

neurational variance, a character peculiar to the female, and

superficial differences, they are practically first cousins. The

Eurymi undoubtedly had their origin in northern or higher alti-

tudes. They are considered mountain butterflies because the

majority of the earth’s valid species are found where cooler

conditions prevail. Long habitation in cooler localities tends to

lighten pattern, so we find Zerene eurydice with the weaker

maculation only in the mountains, and showing the result of an

extended existence under those conditions. Its females are

immaculate or rarely marked and the males generally have clear

secondaries. They represent as complete a reversion to pre-

historic parentage, parallel with the Eurymi, as time and sur-

roundings have allowed. Kindred species from the mountains

of South America also show suppression of pattern, so I believe

typical eurydice when compared with ccesonia will prove to be

the elder of the two species, at least as they exist on the North

American continent. The mountains of southern California

where eurydice is found are not becoming any higher or colder ;

in fact, according to geology, there is every evidence of the

opposite trend, especially as regards climate; therefore we find

eurydice gradually adapting itself to a warmer era, as first

evinced by its forms and transition forms.

As hinted above, an increased temperature promotes design

and we find female eurydice thus responding to the stimulus by

gradually and^ naturally copying the wing pattern possessed by

its male. This is shown on the plate by form masumbrosus,

figs. 1 to 6. These specimens are still considered uncommon, but

may be estimated at 5 per cent of a season’s catch. The darker

the specimens the rarer they are, which is natural because time

has not allowed for the proportionate increase in numbers of

January, 1928] gunder — genus zerene

the more matured individuals. Masumbrosus first displays itself

as a dash of black along the costal margin, starting at the base

of the wing on the upper side of primaries. This will be noted

by examining fig. 1 and comparing it with typical $ eurydice

shown at its left. So far I can record no specimen with macu-

lation advanced beyond fig. 6, which itself is only advanced half

as far as any typical 2 ccesonia. A further comparison of form

masumbrosus also shows an entire lack of any black border

markings at outer margin on secondaries, there being only a

submarginal row of spots and dashes thus far produced. Time

alone in the distant future will tell whether an outer margin

can be added, for certainly the environmental power of the

present habitat has not been sufficient to date. However, there

is evidence of continued development, and it lies within the

future ability of form $ lineainita to force an average of its

dark-lined secondaries upon the female and thereby open up

and bring development to the outer margins of masumbrosus

which would be comparable and parallel, probably, to the ancient

descending stages of female ccesonia. Should assistance not be

forthcoming for it, then the supposition is that masumbrosus

has the quality for diverging from the present species eurydice

into a future species even more different than ccesonia has

developed into.

Form $ lineainita is rare in collections ; only eight or ten

specimens are known to exist. Form $ bernardino has been

previously listed as a race. This is entirely incorrect as no

females exist for it alone. Male bernardino and typical male

eurydice fly together in the San Bernardino mountains and

elsewhere. It is simply a black-margined form of the male and

is in no sense a race or subspecies. It is illustrated on the plate

by figs. A, B, and C. Tr. f. fannies is the result primarily of a

melanifusistic agency affecting the male and in turn probably

the female, strengthening the dark cell areas and bringing to

eurydice a heavy cell pattern comparable to that found in both

sexes of ccssonia. (Note figs. A to C of form $ bernardino,

comparing the sequence of their cell areas with those in both

sexes of ccesonia). Tr. f. newcombi represents a premature, yet

eventual, ground color change from orange, found on present

eurydice, nearly to the yellow found on ccesonia) the inference

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

being that eurydice will follow the trend of ccesonia. All butter-

flies have a graduated color change from red, orange or yellow

through to white, and reverse. Chromatic sequence has been

mentioned in former Entomological News articles.

Explanation of Plate 2. Zerene ccesonia Stoll.

As previously stated, ccesonia is ■ a low altitude or plains

butterfly. It has long since left its original mountain habitat to

become indigenous in a warmer environment, spreading down

from the hills over the semitropical plains of both North and

South America, The female has almost perfectly acquired the

darker patterns of the male, probably reaching its climax of

development as shown by flg. 6. With its present warmer sur-

roundings, rarely does it produce a lighter patterned, retro-

gressive strain such as form $ immaculsecunda which repre-

sents a reversion to its ancestral mountain first cousin Zerene

eurydice, form $ masumbrosus. The ^ s of ccesonia also be-

come slightly atavistic as illustrated by their secondary phases

from figs. A to D. I have seen no ^ s which have absolutely

unmargined secondaries. A form called rosea Roeber has been

named which has small black stripes instead of the black mar-

ginal band on the secondaries. This is shown by fig. $ B and

fig. 2 3. The illustrated specimens are from New Mexico. It

has undoubtedly served the same purpose for ccesonia, as I have

suggested above, that form S lineainita serves for eurydice.

The more level nature of the vast territories over which ccesonia

has spread gives it an immense area of habitation, and its past

colonization must have been fairly easy and rapid. There are

millions of ccesonia as compared to hundreds of eurydice which

only has its confined mountain districts to range upon.

Description of New Forms Mentioned in Above Text

Zerene eurydice Bdv. masumbrosus, form 2 nov.

A sexual form occurring only among the females, having on

the upper side of primaries a meager outline in black of a “dog

face” of which the black spot of the cell reproduces the posi-

tion of the “eye.” This (male shadow) on the female follows

the same style and contour as that found on the male. Extreme

examples, other than the designated holotype, have a submar-

ginal row of four or five obscure black spots on the secondaries ;

January, 1928] gunder — genus zerene

101

occasionally a spot in this row opposite the cell may be con-

nected with it by a dash of additional black. The under sides

are as in typical 2 eurydice.

Data : Holotype 2 , illustrated by actual photographic repro-

duction as fig. 3 on plate No. 1; from California; labeled

“Eurydice 2 var.” (not in Hy. Edw.s’ own handwriting) in the

Hy. Edw. Coll., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York.

Note: About a year ago I examined the type of amorphcB

Hy. Edw. in his collection at the American Museum. Since

then I have corresponded with Mr. Frank Watson a number of

times about it and he has kindly had photos made of it for me.

The type is a male and the type label is in Hy. Edwards’ own

handwriting on green label, which says : “Meg. eurydice, var.

amorphse Hy. Edw.” The description of it by Hy. Edw. de-

scribes a male, but I feel that both his type and his original

description represent a typical predescribed male eurydice Bdv.

Henry Edwards thought that his one male specimen, when he

described it, had a different “suffusion with richest purple,” but

Boisduval’s prior type also has “un reflect violet changeant” ;

so the two are the same thing and thus amorphce Hy. Edw. falls

as a synonym directly under eurydice Bdv. William Beuten-

muller, who published a list of the Edwards’ types after his

death, and who should know, says : “One male ; Mendocino

County, Calif.,” for “Colias eurydice, var. amorphce Hy. Edw.”;

consequently the real female specimens which have been thought

to have been amorphce have in reality up until the present time

been without a name. So I am calling them form 2 masum-

brosus, meaning “male shadow,” and am designating the holo-

type as the specimen which has lain in the Edwards’ collection

for years and which has been mistaken for its female, though

Hy. Edwards never gave it that connection or evidently thought

of describing it. I wish to thank Mr. Watson for assisting me

to establish the identity of synonym amorphce.

Zerene eurydice Bdv. lineainita, form $ nov.

Typical $ eurydice Bdv. has immaculate secondaries, free of

any black design. Form $ bernardino Edw. has a black band

at outer margin on secondaries which in some specimens is

represented only by a thick line and in others by quite a broad

marginal edge. This new form has no black band, but a series

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

of black streaks extending inward from the outer margin on

each of the veins and nervules. These thin streaks are more

noticeable nearer the costa where they extend inward about one-

quarter the width of the wing. The under sides are as in typical

^ eurydice.

Data : Holotype $ , shown on plate No. 1 ; expanse, 54 mm. ;

San Bernardino mountains, California, July 3, 1924; in author’s

collection.

Zerene caesonia Stoll, immaculsecunda, form 2 nov.

Primaries : with greatly reduced black markings ; outline of

“dog face” not clear-cut, having outline at “forehead” incom-

plete. Secondaries : immaculate of all usual marginal designs,

cell blotch remaining as usual. Wings beneath as in typical

ccesonia, yet not over ruddy.

Data : Holotype 2 , shown on plate 2 ; expanse, 62 mm. ;

Pinery Canyon, Arizona (Kusche), September 23, 1927; in

author’s collection. One paratype 2 , shown on plate 2 ; expanse,

55 mm.; Willard, Missouri (Brower), September 27, 1917; in

collection of Mr. A. E. Brower, Willard, Missouri.

Note : Seitz pictures what he evidently considers helena Reak.

from Bolivia, South America. His 2 looks something like the

above-described form.

Check List Revision for United States species of Genus Zerene Hbn.

(See classification scale. Entomological News, November, 1927.)

(By Barnes and Benjamin)

Old Listing

New Listing

(Now proposed)

Zerene Hbn.

56. eurydice Bdv.

6 wosnesenskii (Men.)

2 lorquini (Bdv.)

2 helena (Reak.)

ah. fannise Gunder

gen. eest. amorphse (Edw.)

57. caesonia (Stoll)

*caroliniana (Petiver)

a. bernardino (Edw.)

ah. newcombi Gunder

— . eurydice Bdv.

6 wosnesenskii (Men.)

2 lorquini (Bdv.)

2 helena (Reak.)

6 amorpha (Hy. Edw.)

f. 6 bernardino (Edw.)

/. 6 lineainita Gunder

f. 2 masumbrosus Gunder

tr. f. fanniae Gunder

tr. f. newcombi Gunder

(pre-Linn.)

gen. autum. rosa (M’Neill)

form rosae (Roeber)

— . caesonia (Stoll.)

/. rosffi (Roeber)

/, njern. rosa (M’Neill)

/. immaculsecunda Gunder

January, 1928] fox — a new stictiella

103

A NEW STICTIELLA FROM TEXAS (HYMEN-

OPTERA, BEMBECID^)

BY CHARLES L. FOX

London, England

Stictiella terlingu^ C. L. Fox, new species

In Parker’s key the male runs to megacera and the female to

tenuicornis, both sexes differing from these species by fasciae

on tergites broken into discal and lateral spots and many other

characters, including, in the male the eighth sternite with promi-

nent discal spine, wanting in megacera, and in the female the

scape shorter and stouter, pubescence on clypeus and face not

silvery as in tenuicornis. Length, 16 to 17 mm.

Male. Labrum short and broad, roundedly truncate at apex; cly-

peus strongly convex; prominent longitudinal carina between the

antennae; scape normal; flagellum cylindrical, long, slender, segments

2 to 4 almost equal in length, the second being a trifle the longer,

6 to 11 with inner apical angle slightly produced; ultimate segment

slightly curved and somewhat flattened apically; inner margins of

compound eyes almost parallel. Legs long and slender; middle

femora smooth below; metatarsi normal, slender; pulvilli large and

distinct. Wings hyaline, short, about two and a half times as long

as the breadth of thorax; veins almost black; second cubital cell on

top almost as wide as below; first cubital cross-vein slightly bent

near junction with cubitus. Pubescence moderately long and sparse

on head and thorax, short yet quite evident on tergites and sternites.

Second sternite bearing a short pointed, median, somewhat hirsute

tubercle; eighth sternite ending in three curved spines of which the

central longer one has, arising from its base beneath, a prominent

fourth spine, which is stout, pointed and obliquely directed backward.

Genital stipites long and narrow.

Color black with the following pale yellow or yellowish white

maculations: mandibles, except apices; clypeus, except minute pos-

terior lateral spots; frons, except median butterfly-shaped spot con-

nected laterally with black of vertex; broad anterior orbits narrowed

to a point above; posterior orbits, broad below, very narrow above

and reaching vertex; posterior border of pronotum and sides of pro-

thorax except dusky line in front of tubercles; tegulae almost entirely;

lateral lines, a pair of narrow discal lines and a small posterior mar-

ginal discal spot on scutum; fascia on scutellum, narrowed medially;

metanotum almost entirely; indistinct fascia on dorsum of median

segment (on one paratype broad medially) and sides of same; meta-

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

pleurae, mesopleurae almost entirely, mesosternum except one medial

spot in front of middle coxae; fasciae on tergites one to six broken

with large rectangular lateral spots and a pair of ellipsoidal medial

spots; apex of ultimate tergite; first sternite except lateral basal

spots, second except small medial spot, continuous broad fasciae on

three to six, emarginate, more or less, medially and laterally; coxae

and trochanters in part, femora and tibiae except stripes above, and

tarsi. Scape rubescent, flagellum black above, rufous below. Dorsal

marking of tergites pale yellowish white.

Female. Head, thorax and abdomen broader, and flagellum and

legs stouter than in the male, but pulvilli as distinct. Anterior tarsal

combs strongly developed; ultimate tergite with few coarse shallow

punctures and stout spines on lateral basal borders; pubescence

similar to that on male.

Color black with the following rich yellow maculations: labrum;

mandibles, except apices; clypeus, except small indistinct basal lat-

eral spots; scape; frons, except large butterfly-shaped spot on middle,

connected laterally with black of vertex; broad anterior orbits; pos-

terior orbits, broad below, gradually narrowed above, very narrowly

connected across vertex; posterior discal border of pronotum, sides

of prothorax; tegulse; broad lateral lines and U-shaped discal mark

on scutum; broad fascia, narrowed medially, on scutellum; meta-

notum almost entirely; broad curved fascia on dorsum of median

segment, lateral angles and sides of same; metapleurae; mesopleurae

almost entirely; mesosternum with small black round discal lateral

spots; fasciae on tergites one to four, broken into large rectangular

lateral spots, and a pair of large ellipsoidal medial spots; fascia on

tergite five sharply bisinuate on anterior border and deeply notched

on posterior border; ultimate tergite, except notched anterior border;

first and second sternites entirely; third, except emarginate somewhat

on anterior margin; fourth and fifth bisinuate on anterior border and

deeply notched on posterior border; ultimate tergite, except notched

anterior border; first and second sternites entirely; third, except

emarginate somewhat on anterior margin; fourth and fifth with broad

fasciae, narrowed medially; ultimate sternite, except very narrow

broken longitudinal line on middorsal area connected with narrow

emarginate basal margin and apex; coxae; trochanters in part;

femora and tibiae with stripes above tarsi. Underside of flagellum

yellow, changing to rufous toward the apex. Described from three

males and three females.

Type, male, No. 2474, and allotype, female, No. 2475, Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by J. O. Martin, May 6, 1927, at

Terlingua, Texas. Paratypes same data in collection of the

California Academy of Sciences.

January, 1928] van dyke — lucanid^-cerambycid^ 105

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

OF LUCANID^ AND CERAMBYCID^

(COLEOPTERA) FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Lu CANIDS

Platycerus Geof.

The genus Platycerus is in the main Holarctic, with the bulk

of its species in North America, particularly on the Pacific

Coast. During recent years a number of new forms have been

described from this country which careful field observations and

larger series than were formerly available have shown to have

unequal standings. Some are without doubt very distinct spe-

cies, others geographical races or subspecies, while many are

nothing more than mere individual variations or even absolute

synonyms. I am now convinced that there are not more than

nine good species, even including the one which I will add. The

following table, descriptions and notes will, I hope, show this.

Synoptic Key

1. Antennal club composed of four unilaterally dilated segments,

males with larger heads and much larger mandibles than

females 2

— . Antennal club composed of but three unilaterally dilated seg-

ments, males with mandibles hardly larger than those of

females 4

2. Seventh antennal segment of male almost as large as eighth,

mandibles of males with large tubercle on outer side near

base, the sides almost straight and convergent, with numer-

ous teeth on inner face near apex, color black or with but a

faint bronzing of the elytra depressus Lee.

— . Seventh antennal segment of male much smaller than eighth,

mandibles of males ending in three cusps and without teeth

on inner edge near apex, upper surface somewhat bluish,

greenish or bronzed 3

3. Male mandibles obliquely sinuate on outer margin, head and

pronotum rather closely punctured, pronotum without longi-

tudinal impression at middle, lateral margins quite wide, color

of upper surface variable, bluish, greenish or bronzed

quercus Web.

— . Male mandibles to a great extent arcuate on outer margin,

head and pronotum not closely punctured, pronotum with

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. IV, NO. 3

evident longitudinal impression at middle, lateral margins

rather narrow, species normally much larger than preceding,

head and pronotum black, faintly bronzed at most, elytra blue

or somewhat greenish oregonensis Westw.

4. Males more elongate, parallel and less convex than females, club

of antennse as long or longer than funicle, middle and hind

tibias long and narrow, armed with but few sharp teeth. 5

— . Males robust like females, club of antennas shorter than funicle,

middle and hind tibiae very robust and heavily armed with

series of short spines 9

5. Species either rufous or somewhat piceous and generally with

a pronounced bronze luster, elytra with definitely impressed

striae or striate arrangement of punctures 6

— . Species piceous or black and with the faintest trace of bronz-

ing at most, elytra with stri^ not clearly defined 8

6. Sides of prothorax sinuate behind and hind angles right-angled,

gen^ hardly more prominent than eyes, prothorax with lat-

eral margin of moderate width, disk closely punctured, espe-

cially at sides, elytra with strias always well impressed, color

rufopiceous with marked bronze luster agassizi Lee.

— . Sides of prothorax oblique or hardly sinuate behind, with hind

angles obtuse; lateral margins broad, disk not very closely

punctured even at sides 7

7. Upper surface with a definite aeneous luster, genae not more

prominent than eyes, anterior margin of prothorax slightly

emarginate; strial punctures of elytra more prominent than

interstrial, disk quite convex even in males ceneus sp. nov.

— . Upper surface rufocastaneous on rufopiceous (females), with-

out marked bronze luster, gens decidedly more prominent

than eyes, head in front of eyes wedge-shaped, anterior mar-

gin of prothorax rather deeply emarginate, strial punctures

of elytra not more prominent than interstrial, the elytral

punctuation thus somewhat confused, males quite flat and

with very broad margins to prothorax laticollis Casey

8. Sides of prothorax broadly, rather evenly arcuate, strongly

sinuate behind, with hind angles right or acut^, side margin

decidedly reflexed; head and pronotum coarsely, closely punc-

tured, pronotum less closely in females; elytra coarsely and

quite irregularly punctured, the strial and interstrial punc-

tuation not readily separable; color piceous latus Fall

— . Sides of prothorax in front oblique, divergent behind and

hardly arcuate to well behind middle, then broadly rounded

and sinuate to hind angles which are right or acute; head

coarsely, closely punctured, pronotum more finely; elytra

very finely, irregularly and not closely, especially in females;

strial arrangement of punctures only evident here and there;

color dull black opacus Fall

January, 1928] van dyke — lucanid^-cerambycid^ 107

9. Sides of protliorax broadly rounded at middle, oblique in front

and behind or the latter slightly sinuate, with hind angles

obtuse, side margin very narrow; elytra with strial arrange-

ment well indicated, the alternate intervals slightly elevated,

punctures rather numerous and but moderately coarse, color

rufopiceous or piceous and not bronzed keeni Casey

Platycerus depressus Lee.

This is the most northern of our species and the one with the

greatest longitudinal range. The western phase lives in old rot-

ting aspen logs, Populus tremuloides Michs. The typical form,

black with somewhat bronzed elytra, extends from Nova Scotia

and northern New England to the Lake Superior region. The

subspecies marginalis Casey, black without bronze luster, larger,

broader, with the elytral strise finer and the punctuation less

deep than the other, ranges throughout the entire Rocky moun-

tain region including the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and the

high Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains. A second sub-

species which I will now describe has recently been found.

Platycerus depressus cribripennis Van Dyke

new subspecies

Dull black, almost subopaque. Head broad in male, coarsely,

deeply punctured, gena prominent, subangulate at apex, with narrow

margins; male mandibles with the outer basal tooth acute and up-

turned. Prothorax in general similar to typical form and marginalis

but with hind angles sharply rectangular and lateral margins narrow.

Elytra with humeral tooth lacking and the surface coarsely, deeply,

closely, and cribrately punctured, with neither strige nor intervals

defined. Male, length 12.5 mm., breadth 4.5 mm.; female, length

12 mm., breadth 5 mm.

The females as usual have smaller heads and narrower prothorax

than the males, with more closely punctured heads and slightly

broader elytra.

Holotype, male. No. 2533, and allotype, No. 2534, Mus. Calif,

Acad. Sci., and one paratype in the Slevin collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences. All three specimens were col-

lected by Mr. L. S. Slevin at Tassajara, Monterey County,

California, the holotype. May 25, the others May 21, 1920. The

male was found on an alder log.

This insect is so distinct superficially because of its sub-

opaqueness, coarse and cribrate type of elytral punctuation, nar-

rower thoracic margins, and other minor features, that one

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

would almost be justified in considering it a good species. It,

however, possesses the characteristic facies and fundamental

characters which are so distinctive of depressus and its closer

subspecies marginalis. In view of this, and knowing how greatly

the various races of other Lucanidse vary as to surface sculp-

turing, I feel that it is better to place it as a subspecies.

Platycerus quercus Web.

A widely distributed species throughout the region east of the

Mississippi River and quite variable, especially as to color.

The so-called varieties angustus Casey and iowanus Casey are

so poorly defined that I think them hardly worth recognizing.

They should be placed with securidens Say and ? virescens

(Fab.) as synonyms.

Platycerus oregonensis Westw.

This is in many ways but a larger relative of quercus, replac-

ing it on the Pacific Coast where it is widely distributed from

British Columbia to southern California. The typical form

with a distinctive bluish color breeds in the rotting trunks of a

number of our softwood trees such as alder and California

laurel, Umbellularia calif ornica Nutt, and the introduced Aus-

tralian blue gum. Eucalyptus globulus Labill,, and like most of

its larger relatives varies greatly in size and shape. Along the

sea beaches of the Oregon coast there is a phase which gener-

ally lacks the bluish color, being as a rule black with a slight

greenish luster. The mandibles of the males also appear to be

more horizontal, less elevated at the apex, than in typical forms.

It, however, gradually grades into the typical form. Coerulescens

Lee. and chalybeeus Casey are absolute synonyms.

Platycerus agassizi Lee.

This is a coastal species ranging from just south of San Fran-

cisco to middle Oregon. It breeds in several species of oak,

madrone. Arbutus mensesii Pursh., and so forth, and varies in

appearance slightly as regards the males and greatly as regards

the females, some of the latter being twice normal size and

much more rugose. In the northern part of its range, subspe-

cies replace the typical form. The most frequent of these is

pacificus Casey of which calif ornicus Casey is the female and

peregrinus Casey, a synonym, a very weak race differing as

January, 1928] van dyke — lucanid^-cerambycid^ 109

regards the male in being somewhat smoother and the female

less rugose, with the elytra more distinctly striate. The sub-

species parvicollis Casey is a fairly distinct subspecies, at least

as regards the male which is evidently narrower and more elon-

gate than typical agassisi and, as indicated by its name, with a

smaller prothorax. Pacificus ranges from northern Mendo-

cino County, California, to about Coos Bay, Oregon, while

parvicollis seems to be limited to Humboldt Bay, California.

Platycerus aeneus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, elliptical, moderately convex, shining, rufopiceous with

a pronounced seneous luster, the legs quite rufous. Head with front

flattened, coarsely, irregularly and rather closely punctured, with a

few semierect hairs, and the usual smooth oblique ridges in front of

the eyes; clypeus slightly emarginate in front and depressed, sides

oblique, galea lobed and hardly more prominent than eyes; mandibles

but moderately prominent, with a blunt tooth near middle of inner

margin; antennas with segments 3 to 7 slightly but gradually increas-

ing in breadth, 8 to 10 broadly unilaterally dilated forming the usual

loose club which is slightly longer than funicle, 8 to 9 twice as broad

as long, the tenth somewhat pentagonal. Prothorax 1.5 mm. broader

than long; sides broadest slightly behind middle, a bit arcuate in

front, oblique and but faintly sinuately convergent to obtuse hind

angles; base just perceptibly arcuate; side margins broad and con-

siderably reflexed; disk rather coarsely, irregularly and somewhat

closely punctured, especially at sides, a longitudinal smooth area at

middle, with a faintly impressed line posteriorly. Elytra not quite

a third longer than broad, with humeri well rounded, vaguely dentate

at most, the sides slightly widened to beyond middle then evenly

arcuate to apical angles, the margins quite broad and reflexed, espe-

cially posteriorly; disk with striae finely impressed, in most places

indicated only by the moderate-sized, rather closely placed punc-

tures; intervals flattened and irregularly punctured with well-spaced

punctures. Beneath rather coarsely, regularly and quite closely punc-

tured. Legs long and delicate, front tibiae distinctly serrate outwardly

as usual, middle and hind tibiae slender, the tarsi long, about equal

in length to tibi^. Length 10 mm., breadth 4.25 mm.

Female generally shorter, broader, more convex and generally

robust, more rufous, with aeneous luster less pronounced. Head

smaller, sides in front more evenly arcuate, mandibles smaller;

antennae shorter, the club smaller and not longer than funicle. Pro-

thorax longer and narrower, with sides quite broadly and evenly

arcuate, side margins narrower, the disk more convex. Elytra ellipti-

cal, quite convex, the strial punctuation more regular and the pune-

tuation of intervals finer and sparser. Legs shorter and stouter as

110 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

usual, the femora and tibiae especially so. Length 9.5 mm., breadth

4.5 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2535, and allotype, female. No. 2536,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and several designated paratypes from

a series of nine specimens collected by myself at Cannon Beach,

Clatsop County, Oregon, during June, 1927 ; the holotype,

June 18, the allotype, June 9. Other specimens studied in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences are : two

females from Forks, Clallam Co., Wash,, collected by Mrs.

Helen Van Duzee, July 1, 1920; two males from Hoquiam,

Wash., May 27, 1914, and two males from Humptulips, Wash.,

May 28 and 29, 1914, collected by myself ; as well as one male

from Tillamook, Ore., July 5-6, 1911, collected by Mr. J. R.

Slevin. These are all from the extreme coastal or wet belt of

western Washington and northwestern Oregon.

This species is a very distinct one, belonging in the agassisi

group, in some ways like Platycerus agassisi Lee. itself, in other

respects more like laticollis Casey. From the former and more

southern species ceneus differs by being slightly smaller and

shorter, the surface smoother and more shining with an aeneous

or greenish bronze luster much like that of the cerambycid,

Phymatodes ceneus Lee., the upper surface not so coarsely nor

so densely punctured, the elytral intervals never elevated or

convex as they are in agassisi ; the antennal club less developed ;

the prothorax not so long, the sides not markedly sinuate pos-

teriorly and with hind angles sharply right-angled as in agassisi,

but the sides oblique and hind angles obtuse with the side mar-

gins broader and more broadly reflexed, Platycerus laticollis

Casey differs from ceneus by being flatter, with very much

broader and flatter elytral margins, by having a heavier antennal

club, genae more prominent than eyes and by being much more

rufous and lacking the evident aeneous luster.

Platycerus laticollis Casey

Like ceneus a well-marked species. It is apparently limited

to the coastal mountains west of Corvallis, Oregon, and extends

along the coast from Marshfield (Coos Bay) to Newport,

Platycerus latus Fall and Platycerus opacus Fall

These are two very distinct species, undoubtedly offshoots of

the agassisi stock and like it having the prothorax very sinuate

January, 1928] van dyke — L ucANiD^-cERAMBYCiDiE 111

behind and with right or acute hind angles. The former is con-

fined to the foothills of the middle Sierra Nevada, Placer and

El Dorado counties, and the latter to the more southern Sierra,

Tulare and Fresno counties.

Platycerus keeni Casey

This was described from specimens found on the northern

Queen Charlotte Islands, and Platycerus thoracicus Casey, from

specimens taken on Humboldt Bay, California. Typical speci-

mens of the latter, I have studied from the type locality and I

have also taken a good series from Waldport and Cannon

Beach, Oregon. The larger specimens of this species, for it

may be 12 mm. or over in length and very robust, might be sep-

arated from keeni by their size and robustness, but the smaller

specimens, when carefully compared with typical keeni from the

type lot, absolutely cannot be separated either by size, appear-

ance or by any character. I am, therefore, reducing the name

thoracicus Casey to synonymy. P edicellaris Moll, is, of course,

also a synonym. Keeni^ which shows its ancestral connection

with ceneus and laticollis by its obtuse prothoracic angles, is one

of the most peculiar and distinct in our fauna, being provided

with heavy fossorial legs, differs hardly at all as between the

sexes, and is confined to the sea-coast sand dunes where it

breeds in the old alder and poplar logs which have been cast

up by the storms It has not yet been taken on the Washington

nor on the Vancouver Island coast, but no doubt will be.

Cerambycid^

Callidium pallidum Van Dyke, new species

Moderately large, robust, broad, rufotestaceous, elytra somewhat

lighter; sparsely clothed with long erect pile, the elytra excepted,

but for a few hairs at base. Head two-thirds breadth of prothorax,

coarsely, closely and shallowly punctured, triangulately sulcate be-

tween antenna; clypeus deeply, triangularly impressed; eyes dis-

tinctly smaller than in antennatum ; antenna robust, almost reaching

apex of elytra, basal segment robust and strongly clavate, 2 to 4 defi-

nitely enlarged apically, second about one and a half times as long

as wide, third slightly more than three times as long as broad and

twice length of second. Prothorax more than one-third broader than

long and one-fourth shorter than base of elytra, broadest well in

front of middle; sides broadly arcuate in front, oblique and conver-

gent behind; disk somewhat flattened above, without the amphora-

like depression seen in antennatum, punctured like head, the base

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

deeply and completely margined. Elytra twice as long as broad,

broadest back of humeri, narrowed apically, humeri prominent; sides

slightly arcuate in front, thence broadly slightly emarginate to

rounded apices; disk much flattened, coarsely, rather deeply and

irregularly reticulate, two distinct and elevated longitudinal lines in

paratype but not in holotype. Abdomen beneath finely, sparsely

punctured, with well-marked impressions near margins of each seg-

ment, the pubescence finer and less erect than anteriorly. Legs very

markedly and suddenly clavate, the dilated portions expanded trans-

versely as well as laterally. Length 11 mm., breadth 4.5 mm.; para-

type, length 14 mm., breadth 6 mm.

Holotype, No. 2537, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr.

L. S. Slevin at Arbolado (mouth of Big Sur River), Cali-

fornia, May 13, 1913, and one paratype from La Honda,

southern San Mateo County, California, taken from California

redwood. Sequoia sempeiruirens Endl., on December 15, 1922,

by a Mr. Gladstone, and donated to the California Academy of

Sciences by Dr. H. E. Burke.

This light-colored and very robust species I have long known

through the holotype which was submitted to me some years

ago by Mr. Slevin. At first it was believed to be immature, and

it was not until I saw the second specimen that I realized my

mistake. It is readily separated from all of our larger species

by its color, robustness, hairiness, the robust antennae with basal

segments all slightly clavate, the decidedly clavate legs and the

cribrate elytra.

Callidium hardyi Van Dyke, new species

Narrow, elongate, subparallel, black, slightly shining, punctate

rugose and clothed with a short, fine suberect cinereous pile. Head

three-eighths breadth of prothorax, eyes hardly projecting beyond

the parallel sides, occiput moderately coarsely and closely punctured,

clypeus deeply triangularly impressed; antennae reaching to last

quarter of elytra, basal segment clavate, second small, third about five

times as long as broad, the following gradually shorter and broader.

Prothorax considerably narrower than base of elytra, almost quad-

rate, as long as broad, sides barely arcuate and narrowed behind,

disk slightly convex and closely, rather coarsely punctured, with

three small somewhat triangularly disposed callosities. Elytra almost

three times as long as broad, sides straight, almost parallel, disk flat-

tened, very coarsely, closely punctured and somewhat transversely

rugose. Beneath rather coarsely, shallowly punctured in front, finely

and sparsely on abdomen. Length 8.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype, No. 2538, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and four para-

types, taken from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britt, at

January, 1928] van dyke — lucanid^-cerambycid^ 113

Garden Head, British Columbia, one of the paratypes, April

12, 1897, the others May 30, 1927. They were collected by

Mr, George A. Hardy of the Provincial Museum of Natural

History at Victoria, British Columbia, after whom I take great

pleasure in naming it. One of the specimens differs by having

the prothorax reddish yellow except for a discal and sternal

black spot, and the bases of the front femora also reddish

yellow.

This species has for some time been confused with Callidium

vile Lee. which it greatly resembles and which likewise breeds

in the Douglas fir, but it is very much larger, one-third longer,

with eyes slightly more prominent and head more exposed (the

head in vile generally greatly retracted) ; the antennae much

longer and narrower (in vile about reaching middle of elytra

and with third segment never longer than four times breadth,

the follov/ing also shorter than is the case in hardyi), the pro-

thorax longer and narrower (in vile broader than long and

almost equal in breadth to base of elytra), and the elytra hav-

ing a well-defined punctuation, whereas this is to a great extent

obliterated by the running together of the pits with a greater

development of rugoseness in the other. This species might

possibly be confused with the black phase of Callidium hirtellum

Lee., but this latter is restricted to pines, is shorter and broader,

more densely pilose, with a different type of antennae, and other-

wise is quite diverse.

Melanophila consputa Lee.

This well-known buprestid is attracted in great numbers not

only to recently scorched forest trees and to the neighborhood

of lumber mills where there is burning slash and sawdust, but

to burning petroleum (see Pan-Pac. Ent. HI, 1926, p. 41), and

sugar mills. During the hot days preceding October 12, 1927,

great numbers of these were observed about the Western Sugar

Refinery in San Francisco. They seemed to congregate about

the vats and other places where the hot sugar or syrup was.

The authorities of this plant tell me that this is of frequent

occurrence during the hot spells of late summer and autumn. —

Edwin C. Van Dyke.

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

A SHORT REVIEW OF THE TRIBES ORSODACNINI

AND CRIOCERINI OF THE COLEOPTEROUS

FAMILY CHRYSOMELIDyE WITH SPE-

CIAL REFERENCE TO SPECIES OF

WESTERN UNITED STATES

BY HAROLD R. BRISLEY

(Continued from page 60)

Genus Zeugophora Kunze

The genus is sufficiently characterized in the key to enable

it to be distinguished from other genera in the tribe. It is com-

posed of seven North American species, five of which occur

west of the Rocky Mountains.

Key to the Western Species of the Genus

Zeugophora Kunze

A. Body above entirely black 1. ahnormis Lee.

AA. Body above entirely testaceous or bicolored.

B. Elytra black; prothorax orange.

C. Lateral margins of prothorax above the tubercles

narrowing slightly to apical angles.

2. scutellaris Suffr.

CC. Lateral margins of prothorax above the tubercles

straight to apical angles 3. neomexicana Schffr.

BB. Elytra testaceous or bicolored.

D. Prothorax entirely orange; at least the basal half of

the sutural margin of elytra black

4. calif ornica Cr.

DD. Prothorax bicolored or entirely testaceous; at least

the basal half of the sutural margin of the elytra

yellow 5. varians Cr.

Zeugophora abnormis (Lee.)

This species needs no further characterization than that given

in the key. It is the only species of the genus with the body,

above and below, black. Specimens have been taken from

near Lake Superior, New Mexico, Colorado, Washington, and

California.

Zeugophora varians Cr.

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Top of head and disk of pro-

thorax reddish yellow to black, the latter usually with a yellow

median stripe which widens on basal half ; elytra usually piceous

with a long oval or heart-shaped yellowish spot on center of

disk; front of head, antennae, legs and prosternum dull reddish

January, 1928] brisley — chrysomelid^

115

yellow. Prothorax with an obtuse lateral spine; entire body

sparingly pubescent. Length, 3 mm.

The color as given above is subject to great variation. Speci-

mens occur which are entirely ferrugineous and without trace

of black. When the prothoracic disk is black it is often divided

in half by a yellow median line. The testaceous and ferru-

gineous individuals are more common in western collections

than the typical Z. varians, which is largely black.

Specimens have been taken in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts,

Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Washington, and California. They

are generally taken from the foliage of poplar,

Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr,

This species may be distinguished from all others of the

genus, with the exception of Z, neomexicana, by the color of

the elytra as given in the key. It closely resembles the recently

described Z. neomexicajia Schffr. It can, however, be separated

from that species by its shorter length and by the oblique lat-

eral margins of the prothorax above the tubercles, which in

Z. neomexicana is straight to the apical angles.

Specimens have been taken in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,

New Mexico, Washington, and Oregon. They are quite rare

in collections.

Zeugophora neomexicana Schfir,

This species was described in 1919 from Santa Fe, New

Mexico. According to its author it differs from Z. scutellaris

by being a little longer, and by the lateral margin of the pro-

thorax above the tubercles being straight to the apical angles,

instead of oblique. Z. neomexicana can readily be distinguished

from the other members of the genus by the black elytra and

orange prothorax.

Zeugophora californica Cr.

This species is quite rare in collections. It may be distin-

guished from Z. varians by the color characters given in the

key. From Z. scutellaris and Z. neomexicana it is clearly sep-

arated by the testaceous or bicolored elytra. It inhabits Oregon

and California, and is generally taken from the foliage of

willow.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Tribe Criocerini

LeConte and Horn in 1883 state that the distinction between

this and the tribe Orsodacnini is feeble and based only on the

greater length of the first ventral segment and the different

shape of the claws. The facies of the species composing these

two tribes are to my notion quite distinct, the difficulty lies

in finding definite divisional characters. To the characters men-

tioned by the above named authors can also be added the deep

V-shaped groove of the vertex. This is entirely absent in the

preceding tribe, but is pronounced in all the species of Criocerini

which I have examined.

This tribe has been much neglected by systematic workers,

probably because more than half the species are extremely

rare in collections. The only attempt at a revision of the

North American species was made by G. R. Crotch in 1873.®

In this paper he covers only twelve species of the genus Lema.

Since the date of his paper there have been fourteen additional

species described, most of which inhabit western United States.

The tribe is composed of only two genera, both of which are

represented by species in western United States. To the single

point given by LeConte and Horn for separation of the genera,

I have added the character which appears in the key concern-

ing the shape of the tarsal claws. In both genera the claws are

of the divergent type, but in the genus Crioceris they are con-

tiguous nearly at the base (Fig. 5), while in the genus Lema

they touch for at least a third of their length (Fig. 4).

Key to the Genera of the Tribe Criocerini

A. Prothorax constricted at middle; tarsal claws contiguous for

at least the basal third (Fig. 4) 2. Lema Fab.

AA. Prothorax cylindrical; tarsal claws separated and contiguous

for less than basal third (Fig. 5) 1. Crioceris Geoff.

Genus Crioceris Geoff.

To this genus belongs two species, both of which feed on

asparagus. The true asparagus beetle C. asparagi (L) occurs

in California. C. duodecimpunctata (L) has never been taken

in western United States.

7 “Classification of the Coleoptera of North America.” Smith. Misc.

Coll., Vol. 26, 1883.

8 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 25, 1873, pp. 19-83.

January, 1928] brisley — chrysomelid^

117

Crioceris asparagi (L)

Body elongate; head, under surface of body, femora, elytral

unbones and a wide sutural stripe on the elytra, which widens

at the middle and sometimes at the base, bluish-green ; pro-

thorax and elytra varying from yellow to reddish, the prothorax

often with two bluish or greenish spots on the disk; antennae

from the fifth segment outward black. Length, 7 mm.

Genus Lema Fabr.

The California Academy of Sciences has probably as great

a number of species of the genus Lema as any single collection

in the country. The following table to the western species of

the genus, founded upon that collection, should prove valuable,

as there is no adequate guide to the species in the literature at

this time. The table is based on color, which is the best divi-

sional character available. It will be found to be accurate, at

least as regards typical species, and for any variation from the

typical either noted in literature or evinced by the series which

I have examined.

Key to the Western Species of the Genus

Lema Fabr.

A. Elytra with the ninth stria interrupted.

B. Antennae and legs pale amula Horn

BB. Antennae and legs piceous or black sexpunctata Oliv.

AA. Elytra with the ninth stria entire.

C. Elytra unicolorus.

D. Prothorax black.

E, Sides of prothorax broadly rounded in front of the

abrupt prothoracic constriction peninsula Cr.

EE. Sides of prothorax not broadly rounded; prothoracic

constriction less abrupt concolor Lee.

DD. Prothorax red.

F. Abdomen red.

G. First segment of antennae and scutellum red

arizona Schffr.

GG. First segment of antennae and scutellum black

cornuta Lac.

FF. Abdomen black.

H. Head red coloradensis Linnell

HH. Head, at least in part, black.

I. Scutellum elongate, subtriangular, with apex rounded;

elytra two and one-half times as long as broad.

longipennis Linnell

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

II. Scutellum semi-oval, truncate at apex, elytra not

more than twice as long as broad

collaris Say

CC. Elytra bicolored.

J. Elytra blue, with transverse band at middle yellow or red.

balteata Lee.

JJ. Elytra without transverse yellow band at middle.

K. Elytral disk without vitta, the sutural interval alone

being black flamda Horn

KK. Elytral disk at least in part black.

L. Submarginal vitta between the sixth and eighth rows

of punctures notativentris Schffr.

LL. Submarginal vitta touching the tenth row of punc-

tures (in confusa this vitta is sometimes exag-

gerated in width so as to cover the disk of the

elytra, excepting the basal fourth).

M. Submarginal vitta abbreviated at apex and base.

confusa Chev.

MM. Submarginal vitta reaching the base

trilineata Oliv., sub sp. nigromttata Guer,

Lema trilineata nigrovittata Guer.

For several years there has been a doubt in my mind as to

the validity of the two species L. trilineata and L. nigrovittata.

After a thorough study of a large series of these two species,

collected not only in the eastern United States (the typical

locality of L. trilineata) and California (the typical locality of

L. nigrovittata, but also through Arizona and Utah, where the

two species as described intermingle, I am convinced that

Fig. 1. Syneta hamata Horn male, posterior tibia;

Fig. 2. Tricolema anomala Cr. male, ventral abdominal segments;

Fig. 3. Tricolema anomala Cr. female, ventral abdominal segments;

Fig. 4. Lema trilineata Oliv., tarsal claws;

Fig. 5. Crioceris asparagi (L), tarsal claws.

January, 1928] hungerford — notonecta

119

L. nigrovittata should be reduced to a subspecies of L. trilineata.

Color is the only character which serves to separate the typical

forms. In a series of 100 specimens I find that 20 per cent

have the typical color of L. trilineata, 23 per cent the typical

color of L. nigrovittata and 57 per cent come intermediate

between the two. Typical L. trilineata extends west into the

desert regions of Arizona and California. Typical L. nigro-

vittata is found only in California, and the intermediates are

mainly distributed in the regions of Arizona and California

where the typical localities overlap. This conclusion is decidedly

strengthened by the observation that Jimson weed (Datura) is

the native breeding plant for both species.

CONCERNING KIRKALDY’S NOTONECTA

MEXICAN A VARIETIES HADES

AND CERES

(Hemiptera-Notonectidse)

BY H. B. HUNGERFORD

University of Kansas, Laivrence, Kansas

In a paper ^ published two or three years ago I reported that

in Kirkaldy’s collection all of his Notonecta mexicana var.

hades are males and all of his variety ceres are females. The

typical specimens of the variety hades are nearly black and the

ceres always with scutellum and membrane of hemelylra black

and other parts of wing red, or some lighter color grading to

horn. The anterior lateral margins of the prothorax in the ceres

are much flattened and explanate, which is not true for the

hades forms. This fact when coupled with the very different

color pattern of the two would make one hesitate to consider

them a single species. However, through the kind assistance

of my friend, Mr. R. A. Stirton, a former Kansas University

man, I am able to settle the question definitely. Mr. Stirton has

made two trips ^ into Central America on biological survey

work and, while all of his time was concerned with the strenu-

ous demands of his duties in connection with the collection of

vertebrate forms, he managed to remember me and each time

captured in passing a few aquatics. When he returned from his

1 "Canadian Entomologist,” Vol. LVII, p. 238.

2 Donald R. Dickey Expedition, July, 1925, to May, 1926, inclusive, and

November, 1926, to July, 1927, inclusive.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

first trip he brought me three specimens of a back-swimmer, one

black male and two red and black females. These specimens

were Kirkaldy's Notonecta mexicana var. hades and ceres, re-

spectively. I therefore asked him as a special favor to collect

mating pairs, if he should have the good fortune to collect in

the region again. As a result I have before me five pairs of

these forms taken in copula by Mr. Stirton and in addition

eleven other adult specimens and four nymphs. The data are

as follows: From San Jose del Sacare, Dept. Chalatenango El

Salvador, C. A., March 13, 1927, altitude 3600 feet, by R. A.

Stirton ; three pairs in copula and six males and one female.

From the same place, but on March 11, one pair in copula and

a male. From Los Esesmiles, Dept. Chalatenango, El Salvador,

C. A., March 1, 1927, altitude 7000 feet, by R. A. Stirton; one

pair in copula and three females and four nymphs.

The males in every case are typical hades and the females

ceres. In the last-mentioned pair the female has the horn color

in place of the red, which is a common enough occurrence

among the N. mexicana series. The name hades is a synonym of

ceres. The species appears to be the commonest back-swimmer

in Costa Rica, and I have specimens from Mexico, Guatemala,

and Panama. I have seen no specimens from the United States,

and believe the Notonecta lohata described by me from the

Southwest has been mistaken for it.

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIZOMA OSCULATA

HULST (LEPID., GEOMETRID^)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

PeRIZOMA OSCULATA Hlst.

1896, Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 281, Euchoria.

This) species was described from “Southern California.”

There is an example in the Barnes collection bearing a printed

label “So. California. Collected by H. K. Morrison.”

Three other examples have been received from the Oberthur

collection. All bear hand-written data, two being labeled “Mon-

tana Morrison 1881,” and the other, “Washington Territory”

in what appears to be Morrison’s handwriting.

The correct locality for this species would appear to be

questionable.

January, 1928] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

121

BEES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY BREMID^

TAKEN IN WESTERN OREGON,

WITH NOTES

BY H. A. SCULLEN

(Continued from page 76)

18. Bremus frigidus (Smith)

Smith, 1854, p. 399, 2, 6, Hudson Bay (see Meade-Waldo, 1916,

p. 469). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 360.)

Prison, 1926, p. 135.

Range: Canada to New Mexico.

B. frigidus is rare throughout the entire United States. Only

two specimens have been taken in Oregon. It appears to be

confined in Oregon to the mountain regions in the western part

of the state.

Grave Creek (Josephine County), , VT30, 1925 (H. A. S.), Ore-

gon (Josephine County), VII-5, 1925 (H. A. S.).

19. Bremus flavifrons (Cresson)

Cresson, 1863, p. 105, 2, 2, 6, Fort Yukon, Alaska, Hudson Bay

Territory, Kansas (“The latter is probably erroneous” Lutz and

Cockerell, 1920, p. 515). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1913, p. 368.)

Prison, 1926, p. 135.

Range: Alaska to New Mexico and east to Colorado.

This species appears to be rare in Oregon and is possibly

limited to the Coast Range and the lower altitudes in the Cas-

cades. Only males have been taken in the state, with the excep-

tion of the one queen taken at Forest Grove by A. C. Burrill,

May 21, 1919 (Prison, 1921, p. 146).

Alsea Mountain, 6, VII-20, 1921 (H. A. S.); 6, VIII-2, 1921

(H. A. S.). Bellfountain, 6, VII-13, 1924 (H. A. S.); Cascadia, 6,

VIII-8, 1924 (H. A. S.).

20,. Bremus flavifrons var. ambiguus (Franklin)

Franklin, 1911, p. 159, 2, Sisson and Santa Cruz Mountains,

California, Keyport, Washington. (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912,

p. 376.)

Prison, 1926, p. 135.

Range: Washington, Oregon, and California.

Franklin (1912, p. 194), lists this variety for Oregon. He

apparently assumed it was in Oregon, since it had been taken

in both Washington and California. The only records from

the state are those given below. This variety seems to be very

rare.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Hugo, VII-1, 1925 (H. A. S.). Three Sisters region; Finger-

board Prairie (elevation 3825 feet), $, VIII-14, 1926 (H. A. S.).

21. Bremus flavifrons var, dimidiatus (Ashmead)

Ashmead, 1902, p. 129, 2, 2, Fox Point and Wrangell (Wickham),

Alaska. (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 370.)

Frison, 1926, p. 135.

Range : Alaska to Oregon.

-This species has been taken in both the Coast and Cascade

Mountains. It appears to be rare in the state.

Alsea, 5, VI-4, 1921 (H. A. S.); VIII-2, 1921 (H. A. S.).

Belknap Springs, 6, VIII-10, 1925 (G. R. McG.). McKenzie Bridge

(elevation 1329 feet), VIII-27, 1924 (H. A. S.). Sexton Mountain

(Josephine County, elevation 2046 feet), 6, VI-30, 1925 (H. A. S.).

Three Sisters region; Frog Camp (elevation 4700 feet), VIII-15,

1926 (H. A. S.). Wahtum Lake (Mount Hood region, elevation

3700 feet), 2, VIII-24, 1923 (H. A. S.).

22. Bremus centralis (Cresson)

Cresson, 1864, p. 41, $, Fort Creek, California (Hike); 1879,

p. 231, Colorado.

The only record of this species from western Oregon is a

male taken by M. M. Rheer at Wilson (Tillamook County),

August 7, 1916, and a worker taken at Crater Lake, July 19

(Frison, 1927, p. 371). .

23. Bremus appositus (Cresson)

Cresson, 1878, p. 183, $, 2, 6, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah,

Nevada. (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 285.)

Franklin, 1913, p. 288; Frison, 1927, p. 372, Crater Lake, Mount

Hood.

Range; East to South Dakota (Frison, 1926, p. 136), and

from British Columbia south to the Mexican border.

Occurs throughout western Oregon from 174 feet to about

4650 feet. Common in the Willamette Valley. Less common

along the coast.

Albany, VII-8, 1921 (H. A. S.); 6, VII-8, 1921 (H. A. S.), to

VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.). Alsea, 2, VII-29, 1922 (H. A. S.), to

VIII-2, 1921; 6, VIII-5, 1921 (H. A. S.), to VIII-18, 1917 (A. H. A.).

Alsea Mountain, $, VIII-2, 1925 (H. A. S.). Corvallis, 2, III-ll,

1926 (H. A. S.), to IX-28, 1905 (Thomson); 6, VII-4 (W. J. C),

to VIII-3, 1900, 2, V-27, 1906 (Farrell), to VIII, 1906 (Buchanan).

Hillsboro, 2, VII-8, 1905 (Cate), Kings Valley (Benton County),

2 and 6, VII-20, 1905 (Vincent). McKenzie Pass (elevation 4650

feet); 6, VIII-10, 1925 (G. R. McG.). Medford, 2, VI-23, 1906

(Bennett); 2, VII-25, 1906 (Bennett). Monroe, 6 and 2, VII-25,

1905 (Nichols). Portland, 6, VIII-27, 1907. Salem, 6, IX-24, 1921

(H. A. S.). Tangent, 2, VII-7, 1922 (H. A. S.).

January, 1928] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

123

24. Bremus fervidus (Fabricius)

Fabricius, 1798, p. 274 (Apis), North America. (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 388.).

B. pennsylvanicus (Viereck) et al., 1904, p. 98, Condon, Oregon

(Cordley).

Range : Southern Canada and the United States, with the

possible exception of the extreme southeast.

B. fervidus is not uncommon in the lower altitudes of western

Oregon and has been taken as high as 4000 feet.

Albany, 6, VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.). Alsea Mountain, 6, VIII-2,

1925, and VIII-5, 1924 (both H. A. S.). Corvallis, 6, VII-17, 1925

(H. A. S.), to VII-29, 1914 (L. G. Gentner). Mary’s Peak (elevation

4000 feet), 6, VII-7, 1914 (A. L. L.). Peedee, 6, VI-20, 1905

(Vincent), Sherwood, 6, VII-29, 1906 (Hays).

25. Bremus californicus (Smith)

Smith, 1854, p. 400, n. 57, $, (not the 6), California. (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 393.)

Cresson, 1879, p. 230, Oregon; Viereck et al., 1904, p. 99, Corvallis

and Mount Hood, Oregon; Franklin, 1912, p. 398, Oregon; Frison,

1927, p. 373, Olney, Newport, Colestin, Corvallis, Mary’s Peak

(Benton County), Oregon.

Range: Alaska to Lower California and east to the Rocky

Mountains. B. californicus appears to be confined to the lower

valleys. It is one of the more common species in the Willamette

Valley and along the coast.

Albany, $,VII-31, 1917 (M. C. Lane); 6, VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.).

Alsea, VII-1, 1925 (H. A. S.), to VIII-18, 1917 (A. H. A.).

Amity, 6, VII-13, 1900 (Smith). Bellfountain, S, VII-13, 1924

(H. A. S.). Coos Bay, VII-3, 1926 (H. A. S.). Corvallis, 5, IV-3,

1906 (Farrell), to IX-24, 1906 (Sprague); 6, VIII, 1907, to IX-4,

1921 (H. A. S.); VI-20, 1924 (H. A. S.), to VIII-30, 1907.

Eugene, V-23, 1922 (H. A. S.). Forest Grove, $, V-8, 1917 (M. C.

Lane), to VII-22, 1921 (L. P. R.); 6, VII-22, 1921 (L. P. R.) ;

VII-15, 1921 (L. P. R.), to IX-17, 1915 (L. P. R.). Grants Pass,

VII-1, 1925 (H. A. S.). Medford, VI-25, 1906 (Bennett). Mil-

waukee, 2, IX, 1907 (Hazel Allen). Peedee, VII-20, 1905 (Vin-

cent). Portland, VII-19, 1907 (Hazel Allen). Salem, $, IX-24,

1921, and IX-28, 1925 (both H. A. S.). Shedd, 2, VIII-5, 1924

(H. A. S.). Sherwood, 2, VIII-9, 1906.

26. Bremus californicus var. consanguineus

(Handlirsch)

Handlirsch, 1888, p. 239, Vancouver Island and mainland, British

Columbia.

Range: Washington, Oregon, and California.

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

This rare variety has been taken only at Ashland and

Corvallis.

Ashland, 6, VII-2, 1926 (H. A. S.). Corvallis, 6, VII-25 and IX-4,

1925 (D. A. W.).

27. Bremus californicus van dueius (Cresson)

Cresson, 1863, p. 97, western Kansas (Norton).

Range: Oregon, Washington, California, and Colorado.

The only records of this variety for western Oregon are two

queens taken by the writer April 24, 1926, and May 10, 1925,

at Corvallis.

1. PsiTHYRUS INSULARIS Smith

Smith, 1861, p. 155 {Apathus'), $, Vancouver Island, British Colum-

bia (Lyall). (Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 455.)

Bombus interruptus Green, 1858, p. 11, 2, Oregon; Viereck et al.,

1904, p. 100, 6, 2, Corvallis (Cordley); Franklin, 1912, p. 457,

Oregon; Sladen, 1915, p. 84 (records taking a P. insularis in the nest

of Bremus fiavifr oils')] Frison, 1927, p. 374, Newport, Oregon.

Range: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, and New Mexico (high

altitudes), east to Nebraska.

The species seems to be rare in western Oregon. It ranges

from sea-level to about 6000 feet elevation.

Coos Bay, 6, VI-16 to VII-3, 1926 (both H. A. S.). Corvallis,

2, 1898. Cascadia, 6, VIII-2, 1924 (H. A. S.). Mary’s Peak

(Benton County, elevation 4000 feet), 6, VIII-2, 1926 (H. A. S.).

Newport, 2, V-15 and V-30, 1926 (both H. A. S.). Sand Mountain

(Santiam Forest, elevation about 5475 feet), 2, VI-20, 1906. Tri-

angle Lake (Lane County), 2, V-24, 1925 (H. A. S.).

2, PsiTHYRUs CRAWFORDi Franklin

Franklin, 1912, p. 464, 2, 6, Placer County, California, Oregon.

Frison, 1926, p. 137; 1927, p. 374, Newport, Oregon.

Range : Probably southwestern United States.

No locality is given for the type taken in Oregon. The spe-

cies has been taken in only three recorded localities in the state.

Apparently it is a coastal form. One unlabeled queen is in the

collection at the Oregon State Agricultural College.

Alsea, 6, VIII-2, 1921 (H. A. S.). Waldport (Lincoln County),

6, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). Coos Bay, 2, VII-3, 1926 (H. A. S.);

6, VI-16 to VII-20, 1926 (both H. A. S.).

Bequaert and Plath (1925, p. 274), suggest that “the host of

P. cranjjfordi is either Bremus ‘vosnesenskii or B. occidentalism

3. PsiTHYRUs sucKLEYi Green

Green, 1860, p. 169, 2, Puget Sound (Suckley). (Redescribed:

Franklin, 1912, p. 471.)

January, 1928] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

125

Bequaert and Plath, 1925, p. 275, Mary’s Peak (Benton County),

Oregon (W. J. Chamberlin, collector); Prison, 1926, p. 137; 1927,

p. 373, Mount Hood, Oregon.

Range : British Columbia to California and east to Colorado.

The localities from which this species is recorded indicate it

is more common at altitudes of about 4000 feet. Males were

abundant August 14, 1926, on Rudbeckia occidentalis in the

Three Sisters region at an elevation of 3825 feet.

Albany, 6, VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.). Alsea, 6, VIII-10 and

VIII-18, 1917 (A. H. A.). Corvallis, 5, IV-25, 1926 (H. A. S.),

6, VIII-10, 1917 (A. H. A.). Graham (?),$, VII-14, 1906. Mary’s

Peak (elevation 4000 feet), $, V-30, 1924 (H. A. S.), 6, VIII-2, 1926

(H. A. S.). Waldport, 6, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.). The Three Sisters

region; Deer Butte (elevation 4650 feet), 6, VIII-9, 1926 (H. A. S.) ;

Fingerboard Prairie (elevation 3825 feet), $, and 6, VIIT14, 1926

(H. A. S.); Scott Lake (elevation 4650 feet), $, VIII-7, 1926

(H. A. S.); 6, VIII-2 to VIII-15, 1926 (H. A. S.).

4. PsiTHYRUS fernald^ Franklin

Franklin, 1911, p. 164, $, Orono, Maine; Amherst, Massachusetts;

Webster, Durham, Crawfords, Mount Washington and Conway, New

Hampshire; Ithaca, New York; Mount Rainier, Washington; Kaslo

and Metlakatla, British Columbia; Nushagak and Sitka, Alaska.

(Redescribed: Franklin, 1912, p. 473.)

Prison, 1922, p. 326, 6, Corvallis, Oregon; 1926, p. 137; 1927,

p. 374, Waldport, Newport, Marshfield, Oregon.

Range: Alaska, Canada, and the United States south to the

upper Mississippi Valley, Colorado, and northern California,

east to the Atlantic Ocean.

This species appears to be more common in the coast moun-

tains and lower Cascades than elsewhere.

Alsea, $, VI-4, 1921 (H. A. S.); 6, VIII-18, 1917 (A. H. A.).

Brookings, 6, VII-8, 1925 (H. A. S.). Sexton Mountain (Josephine

County, elevation 2046 feet), 6, VI-30, 1925 (H. A. S.). Triangle

Lake (Lane County), 6, V-24, 1925 (H. A. S.). Wahtum Lake

Mount Hood region elevation 3700 feet, 6, VII-24, 1923 (H. A. S.).

Waldport, 6, VI-5, 1925 (H. A. S.).

5. PsiTHYRUS FERNALD.® Var. WHEELERI

(Bequaert and Plath)

Bequaert and Plath, 1925, p. 265, $, 6, holotype, M. C. Z., 15,280,

female; Oregon, Benton County, Mary’s Peak, July, 1916 (W. J.

Chamberlin, collector); paratype, female, Cala., Sierra Nevada

(Edwards, collector). Allotype and paratype, males, Cala., Alta

Meadow, Sequoia National Park, 9000 feet, August 23, 1917 (Cornell

University Biological Expedition, W. M. Wheeler collector).

Prison, 1927, p. 374. Mount Hood, Waldport, Marshfield.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Except for the types listed above, the following are the only

records for Oregon. The variety seems to be rare, but widely

distributed over western Oregon.

Alsea, 6, V-29, 1926 (H. A. S.). Coos Bay, 6, VI -20 and VII-20,

1926 (both H. A. S.). Mary’s Peak (Benton County, elevation 4000

feet), 6, VIII-2, 1926 (H. A. S.). Neah-Kah-Nie Mountain (Tilla-

mook County), 6, VI-29, 1919 (L. P. R.). Newport, 6, V-15, 1926

(H. A. S.). Three Sisters region; Fingerboard Prairie (elevation 3825

feet), 6, VIII-14, 1926 (H. A. S.); Frog Camp (elevation 4700 feet),

6, VIII-15, 1926 (H. A. S.); Scott Lake (elevation 4650 feet), 6,

VIII-7, 1926 (H. A. S.).

LITERATURE CITED

Ashmead, William H.

1902. “Hymenoptera.” (Harriman Alaska expedition.) Proc.

Wash. Acad. Sci., 4:117-274, pi. IX-XI.

Bequaert, Joseph, and Plath, Otto E.

1925. “Description of a new Psithyrus, with an account of Psithyrus

laboriosis, and notes on Bumblebees.” Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo.,

Harvard, LXVII, 6:265-288.

Cresson, E. T.

1863. “List of North American Species of Bombus and Apathus.”

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2:83-116.

1863a. “Notes on the species of Bombus, with description of a new

species.” Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., 2:164-166.

1864. “Descriptions of Several New Species of North American

Apidse.” Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 3:38-43.

1874. “Descriptions of New Hymenoptera.” Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

5:99-102.

1878. “Description of New Species of North American Bees.”

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 33:181-221.

1879. “Catalogue of North American Apidse.” Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., 7:215-232.

Curtis, John.

1835. “Descriptions, etc., of the Insects Brought Home by Com-

mander James Clark Ross; Appendix to the Narrative on a

Second Voyage in Search of a Northwest Passage . . . ,” by Sir

John Ross.

Essig, E. O.

1926. “Insects of Western North America.” Macmillan, N. Y.

Eabricius, J. Christ.

1798. “Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae.”

Franklin, H. J.

1911. “New North American Bombidse.” Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

37:157-168.

1912. “The Bombidse of the New World.” Part I. Trans. Am.

Ent. Soc., 38:177-486.

January, 1928 ] scullen — bremid^ of Oregon

127

Prison, Theodore H.

1919. “Keys for the Separation of the Bremidae, or Bumblebees, of

Illinois and Other Notes.” Trans. 111. St. Acad. Sci., 12:157-165.

1921. “New Distribution Records for North American Bremidis,

with the Description of a New Species (Hym.).” Ent. News,

32:144-148.

1922. “Systematic and Biological Notes on Bumblebees.” Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc., 48:4:307-326.

1926. “Descriptions and Records of North American Bombid^e/’

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 52:129-145.

1927. “Records and Descriptions of Western Bumblebees {Bremi-

da).’’ Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,

Series 4, Vol. XVI, No. 12, pp. 365-380, 4 text-figures (April,

1927).

1927. “A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Relationship of

the Bremidae of North America North of Mexico (Hymenop-

tera).” Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., LIII:51-78.

Greene, J. W.

1858. “Descriptions of Several New Hymenopterous Insects from

the Northwest Coast of America.” {Bombus interruptus et occi-

dentalis.) Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 7:11-12.

1860. “Review of American Bombid/Xj together with a description

of several species heretofore undescribed, being a synopsis of

the species of this family of hymenopterous insects thus far

known to inhabit North America.” Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,

7:168-176.

Handlirsch, A.

1888. “Die hummelsammlung des k. k. naturhistorischen hof-

museums.” Annal K. K. naturhist. Hofmuseums Wien, 3:209-250.

Kirby, William.

1837. “Fauna Boreali-Americana.” IV. Reprinted by Bethune,

Can. Ent., X, p. 117.

Lutz, Frank E.

1916. “The Geographic Distribution of Bombidie (Hymenoptera),

with Notes on Certain Species of Boreal America.” Bull. Am,

Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 35, Art. 26, 501-521.

Lutz, Frank E., and Cockerell, T. D. A.

1920. “Notes on the Distribution and Bibliography of North

American Bees of the Families, Apid<^, MeliponidiE, Bombid^j

Euglossid^, and AnthrophoridceA Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

42:15:491-641.

Meade-Waldo, G.

1916. “Notes on the Apid^s (Hymenoptera) in the collection of

the British Museum, with descriptions of new species.” Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XVII :448-470.

Nylander, William.

1848. “Adnotations in expositonem monographicam Apum bore-

alium.” Helsingfors. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. II, 1847 (Notiser I,

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

1848), pp. 165-282. Notis. Saellsk. faun. fl. Fennica, Forh. I

(Adnot.).

Radachkoffsky, Octavie.

1862. “Sur quelques Hymenopteres nouveaux ou peu connus de la

collection du musee de I’Academie des sciences de St. Peter-

bourg.” Moscou. Soc. Nat. Bull., XXXV:589-598.

Robertson, Charles

1903. “Synopsis of Megachilid® and Bombidse.” Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., 29:165-178.

Sladen, F. W. L.

1915. ‘Tnquiline Bumblebees in British Columbia.” Can Ent.,

47:85.

Smith, Frederick.

1854. “Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum.” Part II, “Apida,” pp. 199-465. Tab. 6.

1861. “Description of New Genera and Species of Exotic Hymen-

optera.” Jl. Ent. Lond., 1861, T. 1, 65-84, 146-155, p. 1.

Viereck, H. L., assisted by T. D. A. Cockerell, E. S. G. Titus, J. C.

Crawford, Jr., and M. H. Swenk.

1904. “Synopsis of Bees of Oregon, Washington, British Colum-

bia and Vancouver Island.” Can. Ent., 36:93-100.

Rice Bugs

During past years, and particularly during 1926 and 1927,

there have been numerous reports relative to the injury to rice

by certain so-called rice bugs. These insects appear in the rice

fields just as the heads of grain are beginning to form and feed

upon the kernels causing deformation and spotting known as

“pecky rice.” Two species received from F. Brunk, Cajeme,

Sonora, Mexico, on September 20, 1927, were determined by

E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences as

Soluha insularis Stal and Mormidea prominula Dallas. They

are closely related genera of the family Pentatomidcs. The

requests from the rice growers of Mexico for assistance in the

control of these and other pests cannot possibly be met from

this long distance, regardless of our desire to help them. Rather

it will be necessary to have an entomologist at hand during

much of the year or at least during the growing period of the

crop to adequately work on the life history of the insects and

advise as to control measures. — E. O. Essig.

January,. 1928] keifer — -microlepidoptera

.129

^CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA III

BY H. H. KEIFER

San Francisco, California

G'ELECTLIIDM

Recurvaria ceanothiella Braun

This species, which was described from the yellow pine forest

region of the Sierra Nevada mountains as feeding on Ceano-

thus divaricatus Nutt., is here recorded from Marin County,

California, as occurring at Mill Valley, Phoenix Lake, and

Lagunitas. In Marin County Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch, and

C. sorediatus H. and A. are the species infested. Ceanothus

thyrsiflorus and sorediatus are very similar and occur in the

.coastal humid region. C. divaricatus is evidently much the same

as it occurs in a region which has many of the same or closely

related plants to those of the coast. It, may be mentioned here

that some species of the genus Ceanothus are entirely unsuited

in structure to the needs of this moth.

The larva of ceanothiella is a leaf miner as described by Miss

Braun. The mine is narrow and linear at first, with side

branches. The main part of the mine is typically “horseshoe”

shaped, extending apically along one side of the midrib, curving

over below the apex, and back on the other side. The larva with

head inward may be found at one end of the main gallery in

the entrance hole, which opens from the underside of the leaf

and over which t is spun a silken covering. The frass is voided,

none being found in the mine. On nearing maturity the larva

mines out the leaf in all directions, forming more of a blotch

mine and scattering the frass throughout. These mines were

noted from March 5 to April 16, 1927. Pupation is as described

by Miss Braun.

The body of a young larva is creamy white, but on nearing pupa-

tion is as follows: Body generally cream- white, heavily overlaid pink;

head flattened, ochreous or light brown, sides blackish; prothoracic

shield body-color or slightly ochreous; last abdominal segment and

anal plate lighter than abdomen; tubercles very weak, uncolored;

hairs short, colorless ; crochets unevenly biordinal, circle complete,

18 to 22; length 6 mm.

Pupa: Anterior end rather blunt, body widest at metathorax, taper-

ing to rather acute caudal end; ventral line from middle of body to

caudal end more convex than corresponding dorsal line; brownish

or brownish-ochreous; surface glaberous. except for usual hairs which

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

are short and inconspicuous. Maxillse rather wide at base, short,

ending at convergence of midlegs; forelegs ending along sides of

maxilla; midlegs ending at convergence of antennae; antennae diverg-

ing just before tips exposing ends of hind legs, which end even with

antennae and wing cases on, or a little past, anterior margin of the

seventh abdominal segment. Abdomen quite short, extreme tip blunt,

no free segments, no cremaster but a number of hooked hairs on

caudal end. Length, 3^ to 4 mm.

The male genitalia of this species are small, entirely lacking

harpes. The uncus and cedeagus are the only conspicuous parts,

supported by a heavy tegumen.

Adults emerged in the laboratory from April 20 to June 10,

1927.

Recurvaria francisca Keifer, new species

This grayish species is very similar to the preceding in adult

appearance, but the ground color is not as definitely ochreous-

tinged if at all, and the dark coloring is noticeably not as black.

There are greater differences than the adult appearance which

will be subsequently noted. This is, however, an obscurely

marked species, and the following description attempts to take

in the variations ;

Palpi rather slender; basal two-thirds of second joint black, white

above inwardly, apical third white mottled blackish or with an incom-

plete black annulus; terminal joint inclined to be rough apically,

white, black at extreme base, black annulus just below middle, wide

black annulus just below tip, extreme tip white. Antennas with basal

joint whitish below in front, blackish fuscous above; stalk usually

with alternately lighter and darker annulae, the lighter widest. Head

above white, each scale tipped dark fuscous; face white slightly

ochreous, shining, faintly mottled fuscous at sides. Thorax white

generally obscured by dark fuscous; two opposite black dots touch-

ing posterior margin just before tip; tegulae as head. Forewings

whitish, each scale tipped with dark fuscous, with a number of black

dots on wings and three dorsal scale tufts; a blackish shade from

costal base, running obliquely outward and ending just across fold

in black tuft which is outwardly white, opposite which well within

costa is a black spot more or less completely edged white; just

beyond these at costal third a conspicuous black spot more or less

surrounded by white, opposite which is a black dorsal tuft touching

the fold and between these a black spot, sometimes edged outwardly

by a white spot which is often followed by another black dot; the

third black tuft well within tornus, and almost opposite this from

costa, a more or less distinct narrow whitish fascia runs directly in

for a short distance, turns abruptly outward and curves down to

outer margin not halfway to apex from tornal tuft; a blackish apical

January, 1928] keifer — microlepidoptera

131

spot at base of cilia preceded on bases of costal and outer marginal

cilia by two or three more or less distinct black spots; sometimes a

blackish area well within apex; tornal cilia light fuscous. Hind wings

light fuscous, cilia same, slightly ochreous-tinged. Abdomen whitish

suffused fuscous, darker dorsally. Fore and midlegs white, heavily

overlaid except at apices of joints with blackish fuscous; hind legs

ochreous white, a broad fuscous stripe along outer side of tibise,

broken by a white spot at inner spurs, tarsi mottled fuscous at bases

outwardly. Expanse, 8 to 12 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2539, and allotype, female, No. 2540,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., reared from Ceanothus thyrsiflorus

Esch. in San Francisco, California, by the author, April 27 and

25, 1927, respectively. Fifty-three paratypes, males and females,

reared from Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, collected in San Francisco,

and in Mill Valley, Marin County. Eight paratypes from

Ceanothus sorediatus H. and A., the larva collected at Phoenix

Lake, Marin County. These paratypes emerged from Febru-

ary 13 to August 19, 1927. The specimens from Marin County

are generally less maculated than those from San Francisco,

but agree in general appearance, larval habit and genitalia. Four

paratypes are in the collection of Miss A. F. Braun, four in the

collection of Dr. Barnes, and four in the United States National

Museum.

The genitalia of francisca are small but with all the usual

organs present. The harpes are rather short, slender and sym-

metrical, with large basal lobes. Thus francisca differs from

ceanothiella in possessing harpes.

The mine of the new species is a rusty-colored blotch, typi-

cally beginning at or near the apex of the leaf. The entire sub-

stance between the two epidermal layers of from one-half to

the whole leaf is eaten in the course of the larval life. The epi-

dermis is preserved as nearly intact as possible and the frass is

not voided but spun back in the older parts of the mine on each

side of the larval retreat. On maturing, the larva cuts its way

out of the newer portion of the mine, leaving the frass scat-

tered, and probably pupates in trash below the bush in a cocoon

spun between two or more objects. Mature larvae were found

from late January to June, 1927.

The young larva has a black head and shield with a sordid white

or grayish body. Later the body becomes whiter and then slightly

bluish. Mature larva: Head flattened, deep brownish black with brown

mouthparts; thoracic shield variously shaded with brownish black.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. IV, NO. 3

usually almost body-color anteriorly, grading into deep brownish

black on posterior half or two-thirds, median line narrow. Body

usually bluish white more or less overlaid pink especially on abdo-

men; anal plate yellowish to fuscous; gonads dark fuscous; ganglia

visible ventrally; thoracic legs black on chitinized parts; prolegs

often with a fuscous annulus, crochets in a complete circle, unevenly

biordinal, 22 to 28; tubercles very weak, uncolored, hairs fine,

uncolored; length, 6 to 7 mm.

The pupa is essentially the same as that described for ceanothiella

but differing in that the maxillae are slightly shorter, the maxillary

palpi smaller and the hind legs more nearly approaching the posterior

margin of the seventh abdominal segment.

The most striking external differences between francisca and

ceanothiella are in the larval appearance and habit, which may

be summarized as follows : francisca — ^head and shield of larva

blackish, body sordid white or bluish white, mine a blotch, frass

not voided; ceanothiella — ^head of larva ochreous, shield and

body creamy white, mine typically linear and branching, frass

voided through a hole at one end of the mine.

In placing the new species in the genus Recurvaria the vena-

tional characters were relied upon to the exclusion of the geni-

talic and larval characters. The only point of difference which

either of these species shows from the genus Tosca is in the

venation, which is as in the genus Recurvaria ; all other charac-

ters mentioned in the definition of Tosca are present. A com-

parison of the pupse of these species with that of Recurvaria

hacchariella Keifer (a true Recurvaria) shows several marked

differences: francisca and ceanothiella — pupa with maxillae end-

ing at the convergence of the midlegs, abdomen with no movable

sutures and much shortened; hacchariella — maxillae of pupa

ending at convergence of antennae, abdomen not shortened and

with three flexible sutures. It does not appear advisable to dis-

regard the venation at present, but it is felt that this combina-

tion of characters should be mentioned

Orthoptera wanted

I am revising the species of the genera Ceuthophilus and Pris-

toceuthophilus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Rhaphidophorinae),

and will be glad to determine material of these genera from any

part of the country. I desire especially to see western material.

— T. H. Hubbell, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,

Ann Arbor, Michigan.

January, 1928] BARNES-BENJAMIN-^GEaMETRID^

133 ^

ON THE IDENTITY OF FOUR SPECIES OF

GEOMETRID^ (LEPIDOPTERA)

BY WILLIAM BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN

Decatur, Illinois

Lepiodes scolopacinarius Gn.

This species was described by Guenee, 1857, Spec. Gen., X,

360, from 1 ^ 1 2 . A male and female from the Oberthiir

collection are in the Barnes collection. These bear labels “Etats

Unis,” “Ex Musseo Ach. Guenee,” “Ex Typicalibus Speci-

minibus.” The last-mentioned label is a subsequent one often

pinned on Guenee collection specimens; in one case this label

is on the pin of a specimen which also bears a Guenee hand-

written label saying the specimen served for his description ; at

other times the same labels are on specimens which are not likely

to be types. The exact meaning of the label is, therefore, vague.

The pair of scolopacinarius were sent as types, and as they

agree perfectly with the original description, the male being the

dark form and the female the light form, there is every reason

to consider these specimens types, or at last typical.

The species appears to be more variable in the male than in

the female, the dark male form appearing to be much more

common than the pale male form, and hence both type form and

normal form. Incidentally all intergrades occur between the

dark and light males. If the species’ name is held to the common

dark male the synonymy will be :

Tornos scolopacinarius Gn.

pervelata Wlk.

rohiginosus Morr.

rubiginosaria Pack.

abjectarius Hist.

piazsata C. and S.

calcasiata C. and S. (partim., $ nec $ ).

form $ calcasiata C. and S.

We cannot distinguish between $ $ piassata and $ $ scolo-

pacinarius, nor can we distinguish between paratype females of

piaBzata and calcasiata. According to paratypes of kerrvillaria

C. and S. this name will probably also fall to scolopacinarius.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Hydriomena pluviata Gn.

1857, Guenee, Sp. Gen., X, 378, Ypsipetes.

1876, Packard, Mono. Geom., p. 91, trifasciata, Hydriomena.

1912, Swett, Can. Ent., XLIV, 226-221 , Hydriomena.

1917, Barnes and McDunnough, Contrib., IV, (1), 24, (partim. nec

figs.), Hydriomena.

1920, Oberthiir, Et. Lep. Comp., XVII, 203, pi. DVII, ff. 4237-4238,

Ypsipetes.

1921, Barnes and Lindsey, Ent. News, XXXII, 254, Hydriomena.

1922, McDunnough, Ent. News, XXXIII, 229, Ypsipetes.

This name seems to have caused considerable confusion.

Packard placed it as a synonym of trifasciata Bork. ; Barnes

and McDunnough, as being the same as divisaria Wlk. ; Swett

suggested pluviata as possibly the correct name for coerulata

Auct. nec Fabr. with perfracta Swett as being the variety men-

tioned by Guenee ; Barnes and Lindsey placed Oberthiir’s figure

4238 as coerulata Fabr., a species probably not occurring in

North America, but comment that they cannot place figure

4237 ; McDunnough stated Oberthiir’s figures not conspecific,

and restricted the name to the species figured as 4238, assign-

ing figure 4237 to ? renunciata, and 4238 to frigidata.

Both specimens figured by Oberthiir are in the Barnes collec-

tion. They bear labels “Ex Musaeo Ach. Guenee,” and “Ex

Typicalibus Speciminibus,” the female (Oberthiir f. 4237) also

bearing a label “Am. bor.”

We have above commented on the meaning of the label “Ex

Typicalibus Speciminibus.” We suspect that these specimens

are types, and that McDunnough’s restriction will hold.

The female is in very poor condition, rubbed, and lacking

abdomen. The t. a. line, however, can be discerned, and it is

rather irregular, suggesting that McDunnough’s placement as

renunciata is correct.

The male to which McDunnough restricted the name is dif-

ferent from any of our frigidata. Examination of the uncus

shows the tubercle or ridge at the base, the character used in

the Barnes and McDunnough Hydriomenid Revision to sep-

arate transfigurata Swett from frigidata. We possess a single

male paratype of transfigurata. The male pluviata agrees with

this in all details of maculation as well as genitalia. We have

not made a slide of the male pluviata, but its uncus is plainly

visible.

January, 1928] barnes-benjamin — geometrid^

135

The name frigidata Wlk. may, therefore, be restored as a

valid species; pluviata Gn. (partim., $ nec $ ) takes priority

over transfigurata Swett; renunciata Wlk. takes as synonym

pluviata Gn. (partim., 2 nec $ ).

Acidalia purata Gn.

This species was described by Guenee, 1857, Spec. Gen., IX,

488.

There are four old examples in the Barnes collection received

under this name from the Oberthiir collection including the

specimen figured by Obertliiir (f. 5083) which is labeled type

in Oberthiir ’s handwriting. We have little doubt that some of

these examples are types. Three of them are of the species

going in collections as nigrocandida Hist, and supplied to us

under that name by Mr. Lemmer. The other specimen appears

to be laiitaria Hbn. As lautaria was redescribed by Guenee as

myrmidonata we rather suspect that the fourth example is not

a type of purata.

We have been unable to coiupare with Hulst’s type, but have

little doubt that nigrocandida has been correctly determined in

the past. We know of nothing else which might fit Hulst’s

description.

Guenee figured purata (Atlas, pi. VII, f. 6). This figure

does not resemble the supposed types and violates the original

description. We suspect that the figure was carelessly made

and also that lead in the paint pigments has caused not only

this figure, but other figures in the Guenee Atlas to become con-

siderably darkened. The supposed types agree perfectly with

Guenee's description.

Acidalia cacuminaria Morr. (cacuminata Pack.) takes the

place of purata Auct. nec Gn. By no stretch of the imagination

can cacuminaria be made to fit Guenee’s description of purata.

Eurymene emargataria Gn.

Guenee, 1857, Spec. Gen., IX, 145, proposed the name emar-

gataria as a nom. nov. for fervidaria H.-S. nec Hbn., but

at the same time states, “J’avais decrit cette espece depuis long-

temps, quand la figure de M. Herrich-Schaeffer a paru.”

The correct use of the name emargataria presents problems in

nomenclature which do not seem to be entirely covered by the

present International Gode.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3'

Herrich- Schaeffer described fervidaria, 1855, Ausser. Schmett.,

p. 63, f. 203, as Plagodis fervidaria (Ellopia Gn.), and on page

80 places his specific name in the genus Eurymene also citing

Ellopia “Gn.” and Plagodis.

Guenee’s rule of homonyms does not correspond with our

present ideas in that he would not allow the same specific name

to be employed twice in any family. This is probably the reason

he sunk fervidaria H-S. as a homonym of fervidaria Hbn.

Nevertheless, Guenee employs Ellopia Treit. for fervidaria

Hbn., and also the Hubnerian specific name is at present placed

in Ellopia.

The question at once arises, “Is fervidaria H.-S. in reality

a homonym of fervidaria Hbn. because of the Herrich-Schsefifer

citation of “{Ellopia Gn.).”

The original female specimen from which Guenee described

emar gat aria (in part) and which served as the type for his

manuscript name is not the same as fervidaria H.-S., unless

the Herrich-Schaaeffer figure be very poor, and is the species

going in collections as arrogaria Hist.

In view of Opinions 53 and 78 of the International Zoological

Commission Guenee’s manuscript type acquired status upon its

publication in 1857, even though Guenee misdetermined the

Herrich-Schseffer species and considered his species to be the

same.

On the other hand a name proposed as a nom. nov. is usually

considered to have as its type the type of the older name.

Thus emargataria Gn. (partim.) appears applicable and avail-

able for two different species.

Not knowing just what to do with the name emargataria we

are listing it under both fervidaria H.-S. and arrogaria Hist.,

leaving the final settlement of the problem to some subsequent

revisional worker.

Celerio gallii INTERMEDIA Kirby

An individual of this hawkmoth was taken by Mr. George

Haley at flowers of Polymonium, July 1926, on St. Paul Island,

Alaska. Dr. G. Dallas Hanna had taken one on that island some

years before, and a Dr. Hunter had seen one at light on the

Station window, so this moth may be added to the fauna of that

island.

January, 1928]

SMITH EUMERUS

137

DISTINCTION BETWEEN THREE SPECIES OF

EUMERUS (SYRPHID2E, DIPTERA), WITH

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

BY LESLIE M. SMITH

Berkeley, California

Knowledge of the species of Eumerus now established in the

United States seems to be very meager. Most writers have

published notes on damage, and occurrence, under the name of

Eumerus strigatus Fallen, Although some sixty species, many

of which are probably synonyms, are recorded in Europe, most

American workers have regarded all specimens taken in this

country as E. strigatus. In an article published in Entomolo-

gist’s Monthly Magazine, May 1920, Mr J. E. Collin called

attention to the fact that E. strigatus was not the only injurious

species of this genus, but that the little known species, E. tuber-

culatus Rondani, was often found attacking bulbs. Mr. Collin

pointed out that many references to E. strigatus probably

referred to E. tuherculatus.

While making a study of the internal anatomy of the male

reproductive system of what was believed to be E. strigatus,

the writer became aware of the fact that two species were being

examined. Investigation of the literature, together with deter-

minations by several authorities on this group, showed one spe-

cies to be E. tuherculatus while no name could be found for the

other. Obviously it was not E. strigatus. All of the specimens

were reared from bulbs of Narcissus collected in Santa Cruz,

California,

The three species here dealt with, namely, Eumerus strigatus

Fallen, E. tuherculatus Rondani, and E. narcissi n. sp., are so

nearly identical in appearance that they can be distinguished

only with considerable difficulty. Dr. F. R. Cole in Entomo-

logical News, Vol. XXXI, p. 31, 1920, gives a complete descrip-

tion of E. strigatus. The other two species differ so slightly

from this that a general description will be omitted here and

only certain characters in which they vary will be mentioned.

Of these characters the shape of the fifth sternite, and certain

features of the anal appendages and genitalia are most valu-

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1. Fifth sternite of E. narcissi.

2. Fifth sternite of E. tuberculatus.

3. Fifth sternite of E. strigatus.

4. Lateral view of anal appendages of E. narcissi.

b — anal cercus; c — style.

5. Lateral view of anal appendages of E. tuberculatus.

6. Lateral view of anal appendages of E. strigatus.

7. Lateral view of genitalia of E. narcissi.

a — position of internal lobes, b — position of sustentacular

apodeme, c — superior lobe.

8. Lateral view of genitalia of E. tuberculatus.

9. Lateral view of genitalia of E. strigatus.

All figures by about 110. Fig. 9 redrawn from Collin.

January, 1928]

SMITH EUMERUS

139

able. Mr. Collin in the reference previously cited illustrated the

characters above mentioned. In the following descriptions of

the male terminalia, the terminology suggested by C. L. Metcalf

(Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 14, p. 169), is used.

Eumerus strigatus Fallen

Male. Fifth sternite with a notch in the median line of the pos-

terior margin. Postero-lateral corners of chitinized area of fifth

sternite gently rounded to give a bilobed appearance. Margin of each

pseudolobe entire. Anal cerci small, club-shaped, bent away from

the styles. Styles elongate, bearing a distinct terminal enlargement

and a lateral accessory tooth on the inner surface. Genitalia straight.

Superior lobes terminal on sheaths. Hind femora and tarsi without

basal tubercles below. (See Figs. 3, 6, and 9.)

Length, 5.5 to 7.5 mm.

Eumerus tuberculatus Rondani

Male. Fifth sternite with a notch in the median line of posterior

margin. Sides of the notch indented laterally into the sternite.

Chitinization heavy on the sides, membranous in the median line.

Lateral corners somewhat rounded, giving a bilobed appearance.

Margin of each pseudolobe entire. Anal cerci small, straight-sided

and bluntly truncate, not bent away from styles. Styles elongate,

not greatly enlarged terminally, bearing no accessory tooth, having

distally a few heavy, recurved spines on the inner surface. Genitalia

straight. Superior lobes terminal on sheaths. Hind femora and tarsi

bearing basal tubercles below. (See figs. 2, 5, and 8.)

Length, 5.5 to 7.0 mm.

Eumerus narcissi L. Smith, spec. nov.

Male. In general appearance closely resembling the other two

species mentioned. Fifth sternite without a notch in posterior margin.

Posterior margin arcuato-emarginate, covered with minute, blunt

projections. Postero-lateral corners prolonged. Chitinization heavy

in the center. Anal cerci large, nearly rectangular in lateral view.

Styles very much reduced, no terminal enlargement. Genitalia with

a distinct angle. Superior lobes slightly subterminal. Hind femora

and tarsi without basal tubercles below.

Length, 5.5 to 7.0 mm.

Thus far the author has not been able to distinguish the

females of these various species, but no doubt future studies of

these closely related forms will reveal characters by which they

may be recognized.

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

THE GENUS BRACHYPTEROMYIA WILLISTON

(DIPTERA PUPIPARA; HIPPOBOSCID^)

BY G. F. FERRIS

Stanford University, California

The genus Brachypteromyia, of the family Hippoboscidse,

was named by Williston in 1896 for the reception of the single

species, B. femorafa Williston. It has since been recognized that

this species is unquestionably identical with the earlier described

Anapera fimbriata Waterhouse, but the genus Brachypteromyia

has been accepted as valid. Through the kindness of Dr. V. M.

Tanner I have been enabled to examine two specimens of this

species. It is evident that the genus is purely a synonym of

Myiophthiria Rondani.

These two genera have presumably been separable by the

character of the wings. In Brachypteromyia they are described

as “minute, projecting but little beyond the scutellum,” while

in Myiophthiria they attain about half the length of the abdo-

men. With the rediscovery of the type species of Brachy-

pteromyia it appears that this difference has been exaggerated.

Although the wings in the latter species are shorter than in

those which have been referred to Myiophthiria they are of

the same type and the difference cannot be regarded as more

than specific.

There is the more reason for uniting the two genera, since

all the species occur upon birds of the family Micropodidae, the

swifts, and to separate them generically is merely to obscure the

facts concerning this peculiar distribution.

Myiophthiria fimbriata (Waterhouse)

Figures 1, 2

1887. Anapera fimbriata Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 164;

fig. 163.

1896. Brachypteromyia femorata Williston, Ent. Nevus, 7:184-5.

1923. Brachypteromyia fimbriata (Waterhouse), Aldrich, Insecutor

Insc. Mens., 11:78.

1926. Brachypteromyia fimbriata (Waterhouse), Austen. Parasitology^

18:359.

Previous records. From Aeronautes (as Cypselus) melano-

leucus, Ft. Wingate, Arizona (Waterhouse), and (as Macropis)

from Wyoming (Williston).

Present record. A male and a female from Aeronautes

melanoleucus, near Tuba, Arizona.

January, 1928] ferris — ^brachypteromyia

141

Figure 1 . Myiophthiria fimbriata (y^2iit.rh.oVLs€)',it.m2i\t..

Figure 2 . Myiophthiria fimbriata (y^^itrh.0VLSt)','w\ng.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 3

Notes. Length (on slide) 8 mm. The species differs from

M. reduvioides, which is the type of Myiophthiria, chiefly in its

greater hairiness, in the smaller wings and in the absence of

any small, dorsal plates on the abdomen (fig. 1).

The wings (fig. 2) are of the same type as in reduvioides,

but the venation is even more reduced and confused. They

extend to the posterior border of the basal plate of the abdo-

men. The abdomen is almost concealed beneath its vestiture of

set^, of which those near the margins are longer, both dorsally

and ventrally, than those on the disc. The female shows a

dorsal, median area, which is somewhat depressed, as noticed

by Waterhouse, and in which the setae are more sparse than

elsewhere. In neither sex are there any dorsal plates on the

abdomen. The male and female are very similar in general

appearance, the male either lacking the claspers or having them

very small. The oedeagus is large and prominent, but its details

cannot be worked out from the single specimen at hand.

Phytonomus quadricollis Lec., a Leaf Miner

In June Dr. H. J. Pack called my attention to leaf-mining

larvae infesting Rmnox venosus Pursh at Clearfield, Utah. On

the 19th I was able to find only a few larvae in many mined

leaves. The old mines contained cocoons characteristic of the

genus Phytonomus. Adult weevils were found in two of the

cocoons. The larvae left the mines and fed to some extent

externally when in a moist chamber, but quickly resumed the

mining habit when the leaves were handled as cut-flowers.

Within the new mines the larvae formed cocoons and pupated

within two or three days. The pupal period v/as approximately

one week. Emerged adults did some feeding on the dry leaves

and continued to live about two weeks after the food was taken

away from them. Dr. Pack kindly sent me a large quantity of

adults that had emerged from mined leaves taken somewhat

earlier. The species was determined by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke as

Phytonomus quadricollis Lee., and a note was cited by him

from “Genera Hypera and Phytonomus” (Titus, Ann. Ent.

Soc. Am., Vol. IV, 1911), indicating that Nornian and Evelyn

Criddle collected adult weevils on Rumex venosus at Aweme,

Manitoba. So far as the writer is able to ascertain, this is the

first instance of a leaf -mining habit in the genus Phytonomus

or in the tribe to which it belongs. — Wyatt W. Jones.

January, 1928]

WYMORE — ^DINAPATE

143

On Dinapate wrighti Horn

BY F. H. WYMORE

Davis, California

It has been commonly supposed that the attack of the Cali-

fornia palm borer, Dinapate wrighti Horn, was confined to the

trunks of dead trees of the native California fan palms. Dur-

ing the last two years various reports received at the office of

the horticultural commissioner of Riverside County, California,

stated that large black beetles were injuring the growing tip of

most of the transplanted fan palms about Palm Springs. On

July 31, 1927, while at the Citrus Experiment Station, River-

side, I received a live female beetle through the mail with an

accompanying note stating that the pest was taken from a

burrow in the bud of a living fan palm at Palm Springs and

that the beetles were very abundant and injuring many trans-

planted palms in that vicinity. Upon investigation of these

reports on August 4, it was found that at least 90 per cent of

the transplanted fan palms were injured by the beetles burrow-

ing down into the succulent, growing tip of the trees. The

burrows measured from five-eighths to seven-eighths inches in

diameter and from about eight to sixteen inches deep. One

gardener had removed as many as five beetles from a single tree

and two or three were commonly taken from one tree. In a few

cases it was found that the beetles had made numerous burrows

into the trunks of living trees and one tree, about sixteen feet

tall with a trunk about twenty inches in diameter, had been so

severely injured that it had apparently succumbed to the attack

in spite of an abundant water supply, and the leaves and bud

had entirely withered.

Even most of the large palms which had been transplanted

thirty-five or forty years ago showed the effects of beetle attack;

the large characteristic masses of fibrous excelsior-like frass

near the growing tip, and the elongate holes in the leaf petioles

were quite common in these trees. According to the residents

of Palm Springs the main flight of the beetles occurred about

July 1 to 15, although some beetles were active as early as

June 15 and as late as the latter part of August. Many attempts

were made to control the beetles, but all resulted in killing them

in most cases only after they had burrowed deeply into the plant.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B, Freeborn, Treasurer

Editorial Comment

The long-expected List of the Insects of New York State has

now been distributed as Memoir 101 of the Cornell University

Agricultural Experiment Station. It is the latest and perhaps

the best yet published of such state lists. In scope it covers all

orders of insects with commendable thoroughness, and includes

as well lists of the Arachnida and Myriopoda of that state. 'The

number of species listed is : of insects 15,449 and of the related

classes 675. This number of the insects can be compared with

the 10,385 in the 1910 New Jersey list, and the 6781 in the

Connecticut list.

The typography and format of this list are most excellent,

the editing and proofreading have been efficiently and carefully

done, and the records are concise and in most orders very com-

plete. Unfortunately in the Lepidoptera the collectors’ names

were omitted in the cases of practically all the earlier records,

giving an unbalanced effect to that order and working an injus-

tice to the earlier lepidopterists. This is especially deplorable

in the case of the notable group of “Albany entomologists,”

whose collecting at Center, New York, and in the Adirondacks

was one of the highlights in the entomology of that time. We

I notice one error where the residence of Mr. A. R. Grote is

given as Evans Center, New York. Mr. Grote’s early days were

spent on Staten Island and later, while located at Buffalo, he

spent two or three vacation periods with friends at Evans

Center, Erie County, but he never lived there, his home being

then at Buffalo.

It would have been well worth while to have added a bibli-

ography of earlier local lists of New York insects. This New

York list, as a . whole, is a monument to the energy and ability

of the New York state entomologists.

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Vol. IV

April, 1928

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

FALL^ ALAUDES 145

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OF SCARAB^EIDiF: FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 151

BLAISDELLj TWO NEW SPECIES OF CCELOCNEMIS 163

VAN DUZEE, M. C., THREE NEW SPECIES OF RHAPHIUM 166

KNOWLTON, THREE NEW APHIDS FROM UTAH 169

BARRETT, A NEW SPECIES OF MELANDRYIDiE 173

HATCH, THE SPECIES OF SINODENDRON 175

SCULLEN, MELLISSODES MYSOPS CKLL. NESTING IN OREGON 176

FREEBORN, OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONTROL OF SIERRAN AEDES .... 177

VAN DUZEE, E. P., A MISIDENTIFIED HADRONEMA 182

D.WIS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COLLECTING NOTES 183

DAVIS, NOTE ON THE PARASITISM OF HIPPODAMIA 184

ESSIG, VACATION BITERS 185

COTTLE, ON THE WING — A RETROSPECT 187

VAN DUZEE, E. P., TWO ADDITIONS TO THE HEMIPTEROUS FAUNA OF

CALIFORNIA 190

EDITORIAL COMMENT 192

INDEX TO VOLUME IV 193

San Francisco, California

1928

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada; $2.25 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

be sent to the treasurer, Dr. Stanley B. Freeborn, University

Farm, Davis, California. Make checks payable to the “Pan-

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for the

back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publica-

tion if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. W. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

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E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

Ban B^ancisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

’V. ir

THE

Pan- Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME FOUR

July, 1927, to April, 1928

San Francisco, California

1928

CONTENTS OF VOLUME FOUR

Barnes, William, and Benjamin, F. H.

Synonymic Notes 1

New Phalaenidse 4

Identity of Asthena lucata Gn 6

Identity of Choerodes incurvata Gn 10

Identity of Acidalia balistaria Gn 17

Placement of Ogdoconta cameola Sm 18

On the Identity of Micra recta Gn 39

A New Cossid from New Mexico 67

Synonymic Notes, Arctidse 87

Identity of Acidalia hepaticaria 89

Identity of Cosmia orina 89

Distribution of Perizoma osculata Hulst 120

Identity of Four Species of Geometridae 133

Barrett, Ralph E.

A New Species of Melandryidae 173

Benedict, Warwick.

Two Interesting Beetles from Carlsbad Cavern 44, 90

Blaisdell, F. E.

Studies in the Melyridae, No. 6 49

Two New Species of Coelocnemis 163

Brisley, Harold R.

A Short Review of the Tribes Orsodacnini and Crio-

cerini of the Coleopterous Family Chrysomelidae with

Special Reference to Species of Western United

States 54, 114

Campbell, Roy E.

The Celery Leaf-Tyer, Phlyctaenia rubigalis Guen., in

California 77

Cockerell, T. D. A.

Two New Types of Desert Bees 41

Cottle, James E.

On the Wing — A Retrospect 187

Davis, A. C.

Southern California Collecting Notes 183

Ill

A Note on the Parasitism of Hippodamia 184

Doane, R, W., and Steinweden, J. B.

A New Ripersia Attacking Wheat 85

Drake, Carl J.

A New Species of Diplocysta from the Philippines 18

Dyar, Harrison G.

Ten New Lepidoptera from Mexico 7

Essig, E. O.

Some Vacation Biters 185

Fall, H. C.

Alaudes 145

Ferris, G. F.

The Genus Brachypteromyia Williston 140

Fox, Charles L.

A New Stictiella from Texas 103

Freeborn, Stanley B.

Observations on the Control of Sierran Aedes 177

Gunder, J. D.

A Review of Genus Zerene Hbn, in the United States.... 97

Hardy, G. A., and Preece, W. H. A.

Additional Notes on Some Cerambycidae from Van-

couver Island, B. C 61

Hatch, Melville H.

The Species of Sinodendron 175

Herms, W. B.

Tabanids Breeding in Rice Fields 91

Hunger ford, H. B.

A Palmacorixa from Mexico 94

Concerning Kirkaldy’s Notonecta mexicana Varieties

hades and ceres 119

Keifer, H. H.

California Microlepidoptera, HI 129

Knowlton, George F.

Three New Aphids from Utah 169

Martin, J. O.

A New Helmis from the Northwest 68

Moulton, Dudley.

Four New California Thysanoptera with Notes on Two

Other Species 30

Scullen, H. A.

Bees Belonging to the Family Bremidae Taken in

Western Oregon, with Notes 69, 121

Mellissodes mysops Cockerell Nesting in Oregon ....176

Smith, Harry S.

California’s Interest in the Insects of Australia and

New Zealand 36

Smith, Leslie M.

Distinction Between Three Species of Eumerus, with

Description of a New Species 137

Van Duzee, Edward P.

On the Standing of Genus Tibicen Latr 47

A Misidentified Hadronema 182

Two Interesting Additions to the Hemipterous Fauna

of California 190

Van Duzee, Millard C.

Three New Species of Rhaphium 166

Van Dyke, Edwin C.

New Species of North American Rhynchophora 11

A New Species of Micrixys 93

Notes and Descriptions of New Species of Lucanidae

and Cerambycidae from Western North America 105

Notes and Descriptions of New Species of Scarabaeidae

from Western North America 151

Williams, Francis X.

Euparagia scutellaris Cresson, a Massarid Wasp that

Stores Its Cells with the Young of a Curculionid

Beetle 38

Winters, Fred C.

Key to the Subtribe Helocharae Orchym. of Boreal

America 19

Wymore, F. H.

On Dinapate wrighti Horn 143

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. IV, No. 4 April, 1928

ALAUDES

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngshoro, Massachusetts

The little beetles of the genus Alaudes are among the most

singular and interesting of our blind Coleoptera. The original

specimens were collected by Dr. George H. Horn in or about

1864 in Owens Valley in eastern California, and were described

by him as A. singularis in 1870 in his Revision of the Tene-

brionidae. Horn cites simply “California” in his description,

but the locality named above is that given by me in my Coleop-

tera of southern California, and is doubtless correct though I

cannot at the moment recall my source of information.

As indicated in the reference quoted, the next record of cap-

ture was by Professor Wickham, who about 1890 secured a few

specimens in southeastern Oregon; then a single example by

Koebele in the Argus Mountains of southeastern California not

far south of the original habitat.

In 1893 and 1895 I took about a dozen examples from

beneath boards in my garden at Pomona, California, and in

1897 Dr. Fenyes collected about an equal number at Azusa,

some fifteen miles west of Pomona. Since then Dr. Fenyes,

Mr. J. O. Martin and the writer have on a number of occasions

taken specimens at Pasadena. In his recent paper on this genus

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell mentions the taking of a single specimen

by himself at San Diego in 1890, also a series collected by

Nunenmacher at Goldfield, Nevada (1907), and a few exam-

ples by Dr. Van Dyke in Alameda County, California. This

about exhausts the record of captures so far as known to

me, and shows that the genus is distributed from southern

California to Oregon.

All specimens collected conform very closely in size, appear-

ance and general characters to the original of Horn’s descrip-

tion, and up to the time of Dr. Blaisdell’s paper (Trans. Am.

Ent. Soc., 1919), it was generally assumed that of so singular

an insect we had but a single species. Moreover the things

were so scarce that very few collections contained examples

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL.IV, NO. 4

from more than one locality, so that opportunities for com-

parison were limited. Dr. Blaisdell’s paper then represents the

first attempt to get together and carefully compare material

from different localities, and as a result of his study he has

announced the existence of four distinct species in the material

examined.

Aside from some quite obvious variations in the form of the

erect elytral scales, and some small differences in bodily out-

line, there is almost nothing of moment on which to base spe-

cific distinctions, and it is quite possible that none of the

observed variations are more than racial in character. I am,

however, for the present inclined to accept the doctor’s conclu-

sions as in the main correct, and this view is supported by the

fact that with one probable exception, so far as the material in

hand is concerned, the supposed species are quite constant, and

each so far as known occurs with a different species of ant.

The small and more or less illusory differences in the form

of the scutellum referred to by Dr. Blaisdell I cannot believe

have any specific significance, my own experience being that the

scutellum is transversely triangular with but slight variation,

in all forms.

It is somewhat remarkable that neither Horn nor Blaisdell

anywhere speaks with precision with respect to the erect scales

of the elytral intervals, the implication in their descriptions

being that all the intervals are thus clothed, whereas it is always

only the alternate ones that are so affected.

It is necessary to correct one error in Blaisdell’s paper of

which I seem to have been unwittingly the cause. His identifi-

cation of singularis Horn is based on a series of examples taken

by Mr. J. O. Martin in Pasadena, where Mr. Martin and I

together collected the species, and for which I used the name

singularis merely because I shared the general assumption that

all Alaudes were of one species. I had not at that time seen

Horn’s type series, and had the doctor communicated with me I

should promptly have disavowed any authority in the matter.

I have since examined the Horn types and can say positively

that they not only differ from this Pasadena species, but also

in greater or less degree from all other species of Blaisdell’s

table.

On the supposition that the kind of differences observed in

APRIL, 1928]

FALL ALAUDES

147

this genus are of the order of specific characters, there are in

my collection two other forms meriting distinctive names. The

following table contains all at present known to me.

Table of Species

1. Elytral vestiture typically slender and hair-like throughout, but

varying to feebly clavate, especially toward the sides and

apex; marginal setae virtually uniform in form and length

setigera

■ — . Elytral vestiture feebly clavate except along the side margins,

where long slender setae alternate with the much shorter

clavate ones alternata

— . Elytra vestiture nearly uniformly moderately clavate through-

out, form of elytra distinctly narrower and more parallel

squamosa

— . Elytral vestiture consisting throughout of rather shorter capi-

tate clavate scales of uniform length 2

2. Hind angles of thorax including the investing scales somewhat

obtuse; elytral punctures very coarse, all the interspaces

narrower than the punctures singularis

— . Hind angles of thorax sharply rectangular or even a little promi-

nent; elytral punctures rather smaller, at least toward the

suture, where the interspaces are as wide or wider than the

punctures 3

3. Prothorax not appreciably narrower than the elytra, form

more oblong fallax

— . Prothorax perceptibly narrower than the elytra at middle, the

latter shorter and slightly oval testacea

1. Alaudes setigera Blaisd.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLV (1919), p. 310

singularis Blaisd. (not Horn), ibid., p. 307

With the San Diego type of this species, characterized by

Blaisdell as having the erect vestiture of the elytra “slender and

hair-like,” I am compelled to unite the Pasadena species erro-

neously regarded by him as the singularis of Horn. Of this

latter he says; “Four of the sixteen specimens of Mr. Martin’s

series have all the elytral scales quite linear but not hair-like

or setiform.” In a good series of this species in my collection

there are individuals in which the elytral vestiture, if not pre-

cisely identical, is so nearly like that of setigera as to forbid dis-

sociation. Of one of these, recently sent to the doctor for an

expression of opinion, he writes : “I consider it to be setigera.”

The transition between these specimens and those having the

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

elytral setae in greater or less part fusiform to feebly claviform

is perfectly gradational.

Type locality — San Diego, California. All other specimens

known to me were taken at Pasadena, California, where they

occur in the Arroyo Seco under stones, with Formica pilicornis

Emery.

2. Alaudes alternata Fall, n. sp.

The chief distinguishing character of this species is the alter-

nation of moderately slender clavate scales with much longer

hair-like setae along the lateral edge of the elytra. There is

another feature not mentioned in the table which seems quite

constant. In the present species the prothorax is widest close to

the apical angles, from which point the sides converge obliquely

backward with a moderate degree of sinuation. In setigera the

point of maximum width is less near the front angles, the sides

showing a longer anterior arcuation followed by a deeper sinua-

tion; the hind angles being rectangular in both species. The

erect elytral scales are nearly uniformly gradually feebly clavate,

but some variation within narrow limits is observable on close

attention. The sutural interspace is wider than the adjacent

strial punctures, and the next one or two intervals are usually

as wide as the punctures. The form of the elytra is nearly the

same as in setigera.

Length, 1.6 to 1.75 mm.; width, .6 to .7 mm.

Habitat. Pomona (type) and Azusa (Fenyes), Los Angeles

County, California.

The first specimen of this species was found by me Novem-

ber 5, 1893, beneath a board in my garden at Pomona. Two

years later, during the first half of November 1895, one or two

specimens at a time were found in like situations until about

a dozen were secured. About half of these were distributed by

myself or the late Mr. Ricksecker as A. singularis; six exam-

ples remain in my cabinet. None of these specimens appeared

to be associated with ants, but Dr. Fenyes a few years later took

a small series at Azusa in April in nests of Solenopsis molesta

APRIL, 1928]

FALL ALAUDES

149

validiuscula Emery, one of which with the host ant is in my

collection.

3. Alaudes squamosa Blaisd.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLV (1919), p. 309

This species was described from a series of specimens col-

lected by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher at Goldfield, Nevada, Octo-

ber 18, 1907. It is rather narrower, with the sides of the elytra

more strictly parallel than in any of our other species. The

erect elytral scales are more distinctly clavate than in the two

preceding species, but less strongly so than in those which

follow. Blaisdell describes the hind angles of the thorax as

obtuse, but in two paratypes sent me by Mr. Nunenmacher they

are not perceptibly so, and I should certainly call them rect-

angular. The prothorax is widest far forward, the outline being

nearly as in alternata.

The specimen in the National Museum collection from the

Argus Mountains, southeastern California, taken by Koebele,

appeared to me to be referable to the present species when

examined by me some years ago. The specimens sent me by

Nunenmacher were accompanied by the host ant, which proves

to be Cremastogaster calif ornica Emery.

4. Alaudes singularis Horn

Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., XIV (1870), p. 362

This, the original species of the genus, is represented by three

specimens in the Horn collection. A fourth specimen had evi-

dently once been present, but at the time of my visit was not

on the “point” nor could I find it in the bottom of the box.

There are also two examples in the LeConte collection, evi-

dently a part of the original series taken by Horn in the Owens

Valley, California. I have seen no others.

This species is noticeably stouter than squamosa, the sides of

the thorax less sinuate, more oblique, with the hind angles per-

ceptibly obtuse. The elytral punctures are all very coarse, the

interspaces narrower than the punctures even near the suture.

The erect scales are short and nearly uniformly strongly capi-

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

tate clavate, in which respect this species is comparable only

with the two following. According to Horn specimens were

very rare and were found living with a small black ant under

stones. This ant is evidently a different species from others

with which Alaudes has occurred.

5. Alaudes fallax Fall, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, similar in form to setigera, with which it agrees

in having the point of maximum width of the thorax less close

to the apical angles than it is in alternata and squamosa. The

elytral scales are short, uniform throughout, and strongly capi-

tate clavate. The first two or three elytral interspaces are as

wide or wider than the adjacent rows of punctures. The pro-

thorax and elytra are sensibly equal in width, and the hind

angles of the former with their investing scales are rectangular.

Described from two examples taken by the writer at Pasa-

dena, California, in nests of Solenopsis geminata mariosa

Wheeler, and bearing dates April 6, 1912, and March 9, 1913.

The latter is taken as the type.

This species is closest to singularis, differing in its longer

anterior arcuation of the sides and rectangular hind angles of

the thorax, and in its less coarse elytral striae with correspond-

ingly wider interspaces. The host ant is a different species.

6. Alaudes testacea Blaisd.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLV (1919), p. 311

This species is closely allied to the two preceding, with which

it agrees in elytral vestiture. The elytra are somewhat shorter

and a little more oval than in any of our other species, and are

perceptibly wider than the thorax. A few specimens were col-

lected in Alameda County, California, by Dr. Van Dyke, who

has kindly sent me a paratype for examination. I do not know

whether any of the host ants were secured.^

For more detailed descriptions of the species known to him

see Dr. Blaisdell’s paper.

I am indebted to Dr. William M. Wheeler for the identifica-

tion of the ants mentioned in the present paper.

1 Note by Dr. B. C. Van Dyke. This host was a species of the acrobat

ant (Cremastogaster sp.).

APRIL, 1928] VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

151

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

OF SCARAB^ID^ FROM WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

SCARAB^ID^

The genus Aegialia has a greater number of species on the

Pacific Slope than has been supposed, eight in number. Aegialia

rufescens Horn, I have taken on Mount Rainier, Washington,

as well as in the high Sierra Nevada mountains. A. cylindrica

(Esch.) is found in Alaska near the seacoast, but farther south

only along cold-water streams. It extends as far south as San

Francisco Bay, and in the Northwest reaches into Idaho and

farther east. A. lacustris Lee. has been found at Banff, Alberta,

and in the eastern part of Nevada County California. A. hlan-

chardi Horn or a species so close to it that I cannot separate it,

has been taken at Puyallup, Washington; Newport, Oregon,

and along the Smith River in Del Norte County, California.

A. conferta Horn is a streamside species widely distributed

from Washington to Ensenada, Lower California. A. latispina

Lee. is found along many stream margins from Siskiyou to Los

Angeles County, and also at Prescott, Arizona. A. crassa Lee.,

our commonest species, is confined to the coast sand dunes and

ranges at least from northern Oregon to Carmel, California.

A. pusilla Horn was described as from Washington, probably

Spokane. This list is thus greater by two than that given by

Darlington^ for the New England States.

In the genus Aphodius there is a group of large species which

are more or less confined to the Pacific Slope and which are

quite peculiar both structurally and biologically. To my mind,

they form a definite group, but in Horn’s Monograph,^ three

are placed in his Group G and two in Group M, the latter sep-

arated from the former by having the fimbriae at the apex of the

hind tibiae unequal rather than equal. This character, while

convenient for the separation of species, often widely removes

from one another, as in this case, species which are undoubtedly

of the same stock. While not wishing to destroy the usefulness

1 Psyche 34 (April 1927), p. 99.

2 Trans. Am. Entom. Soc. 14 (1887), pp. 23-25.

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, IV, NO. 4

of Horn’s valuable tables, I think that it is best in this case to

study these species as a single group and I will so treat them.

Besides the species discussed by Horn, there has recently been

described one by FalH and I will add two, one of which is new,

the other one long unrecognized.

The group may be characterized as containing species which

are of fair or large size, black and shining; head not tubercu-

late; prothorax definitely narrowed behind, with a series of

coarse punctures rather sparsely and irregularly placed on the

disk, and with fine punctures between, the latter sometimes

obscure, and with an entire lateral and basal marginal line; the

elytra more or less oval, with humeri dentiform, and evidently

striato-punctate ; the apex of hind tibiae with equal or slightly

unequal spinules and the first tarsal segment of hind legs quite

long.

Synoptic Key

1. Apex of hind tibiae fimbriate with short equal spinules 2

— . Apex of hind tibiae fimbriate with unequal spinules, clypeus

emarginate at middle, broadly rounded each side 8

2. Clypeus angulate or dentate either side of emargination 3

— . Clypeus emarginate at middle, broadly rounded each side 7

3. Clypeus distinctly dentate either side of emargination 4

— . Clypeus merely angulate each side of emargination 6

4. Large species, 9 mm., clypeal emargination three-tenths width

of head; prothorax subquadrate, sides almost parallel, base

lobed at middle and sinuate either side; elytra oblong; first

segment of hind tarsi longer than following three. Lassen

County, California gravis Fall

— . Moderate-sized species, 6-7 mm., clypeal emargination three-

eighths width of head; first segment of hind tarsi about

equal to next two 5

5. Prothorax subquadrate, sides slightly arcuate and narrowed

behind, hind angles distinct but rounded, base slightly arcu-

ate; elytra oblong, a third longer than broad. Lassen and

east Siskiyou County, California martini sp. nov.

— . Prothorax with sides gradually rounding into base, the hind

angles almost obliterated, base arcuate; elytra oblong oval,

not a third longer than broad. West Nevada

nevadensis Horn

6. Elliptical yet broad, prothorax subquadrate; first segment of

hind tarsi as long as next three. San Francisco Bay region

to Placer County, California gentilis Horn

3 Canad. Entom. 59 (1927), p. 137.

APRIL, 1928]

VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

153

7. Clypeus feebly emarginate at middle, genae but moderately

prominent; larger pronotal punctures only moderately coarse,

not numerous and in general confined to sides and basal

area; elytra oblong, more than a third longer than broad,

striae well impressed and very distinctly and crenately punc-

tured, intervals slightly convex especially at sides. Oregon

and Washington cribratus Lee.

— . Clypeus distinctly emarginate at middle, genae prominent;

larger pronotal punctures very coarse, umbilicate, fairly

numerous toward front as well as at sides and on basal area;

elytra oblong, less than a third longer than broad, striae

finely impressed and very finely punctured, intervals flat

except ninth and tenth. Lake County, California (probably

also Sonoma County) cadaverinus (Mann.)

8. Elytra oblong, striae moderately deep and coarsely punctured,

intervals slightly convex; first segment of hind tarsi as long

as next three. Middle and southern California sparsus Lee.

— . Elytra oval, striae fine but deep, finely punctured, intervals

nearly flat on disk, slightly convex at sides; first segment of

hind tarsi longer than next three. Fort Tejon, California

ovipennis Lee.

Aphodius martini Van Dyke, new species

Large, robust, black, antennae and legs somewhat rufous, moder-

ately shining and not pubescent above. Head without tubercles; occi-

put finely, rather closely punctured, a few coarse punctures laterally;

clypeus finely punctured and rugose, anterior margin moderately

emarginate at middle and acutely dentate each side of emargi-

nation, sides slightly arcuate; genae moderately prominent and sub-

acute. Prothorax almost a third broader than long, widest in front

of middle; sides slightly arcuate, perceptibly narrowed posteriorly,

hind angles evenly rounded, base arcuate, faintly sinuate laterally;

basal margin deep, somewhat evanescent near angles; disk convex,

sparsely and irregularly punctate with moderately coarse punctures

at sides and basal area and with fine punctures intermixed. Elytra

oblong oval, a third longer than broad, slightly narrowed at base, the

humeri dentiform; disk convex, rather deeply striate, striae moder-

ately coarsely and closely punctured, intervals convex and very finely

punctured. Wings greatly atrophied. Beneath sparsely punctate, the

sides of abdomen rugose and pilose. Mesosternum coarsely punc-

tured, obtusely carinate between the coxae. Posterior femora sparsely,

finely punctate; the hind margin of posterior tibiae fimbriate with

short equal spinules; first segment of hind tarsi equal to next two.

Sexual characters not distinctive. Length, 6.5 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.

Holotype (No. 2546, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several

paratypes from a series of six specimens in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences, collected by Mr. J. O. Martin

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

at Martins Springs, Lassen County, California (Sec. 14,

T. 31 N. R. 9 E.), September 7, 1922. There are also two

Other specimens collected at McCloud, California, October 15,

1918, and one from Susanville, Lassen County, California,

May 2, 1923, all collected by Mr. Martin. These latter are

somewhat smaller, depauperized, and have the prothorax and

elytra both more narrowed at base; otherwise not different.

This species which has been confused with Aphodius neva-

densis Horn, differs markedly from the latter by having a more

quadrate prothorax with larger punctures finer and sparser; a

different shaped clypeus, narrower and with sides more arcuate ;

as well as by having the elytra less narrowed at base and the

striae more coarsely punctured. It superficially more closely

resembles gentilis Horn but, aside from the clypeal differences,

has much finer pronotal punctures, is narrower and generally

less robust, the elytra of gentilis not being a third longer than

broad, less narrowed at base, and with the humeri much more

evidently dentate than in either of the preceding. The first

tarsal segment of the hind legs is also evidently longer in

gentilis.

Aphodius cadaverinus (Mann.)

I have in my collection a specimen of Aphodius which I con-

sider to be the true cadaverinus of Mannerheim. It was taken

by me in May 1895, near Clear Lake, Lake County California,

which is in the same zoogeographical region as Fort Ross,

Sonoma County, one of the few places where Eschscholtz col-

lected in California. This species, as Horn states, is no doubt

one of the members of his Group G. All of the species listed

by me in the preceding table with the exception of gentilis

Horn, sparsus Lee., and the one that I consider cadaverinus

(Mann.), are restricted to regions which were not visited by

Eschscholtz nor by any of the early Russian collectors who sup-

plied the material upon which Mannerheim based his descrip-

tions. None of these species, either, will fit the description,

inadequate though it is. Of the three exceptions, sparsus Lee.

is ruled out by being restricted to the nests of the wood rat,

Neotoma, and never found as stated in “Trogium instar in

cadaveribus exsiccatis,” besides it has not the pronotal punctua-

4 0xyomus cadaverinus Mann., Bui. Nat. Hist. Soc. Moscow

16 (1843), p. 261.

APRIL, 1928]

VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

155

tion sufficiently coarse to be called variolate, “thorace anterius

dilatato varioloso.” Gentilis Horn does possess the latter

character and is to be found under conditions as given for

cadaverinus (Mann.), but it possesses a type of clypeal emargi-

nation which I think Mannerheim would hardly be inclined to

describe as “clypeo prof unde emarginato.” The true cribratus

Lee. which Horn also lists from California but which I doubt,

might possibly be taken for cadaverinus (Mann.), but its cly-

peus is only shallowly emarginate, not profoundly so, and its

pronotal punctuation though coarse, not truly variolate. The

species, however, which I take to be cadaverinus (Mann.), is

closely related to cribratus Lee., possibly what Horn had seen

from California and took to be the same, but it differs decidedly

from that by being much broader and more generally robust,

with clypeal emargination pronounced, the gense also more

prominent and acute, the pronotal punctures very large and

variolate, and the elytral intervals flatter. With the description

of cadaverinus as given by Mannerheim, it agrees absolutely.

Of the species mentioned above, gravis Fall and sparsus Lee.

have fully developed and functional wings. The first was found

by Mr. J. O. Martin high up in the cavity of an old dead tree

in what was presumably the nest of a squirrel or rodent of some

kind. The second species is always to be found in the upper

layers of the manure of wood rats’ nests, whether placed well

up in the trees or on the ground. All of the other species have

the wings much reduced and, so far as I know, have always

been found either under cow manure, in old cow yards or under

dead herbivorous animals. Sparsus is fairly common but all

of the other species are very rare.

Aphodius slevini Van Dyke, new species

Small, robust, shining, rufotestaceous, elytra, abdomen and femora

testaceous. Head evidently but not markedly trituberculate, the

median tubercle vague, occiput moderately coarsely punctured; cly-

peus slightly gibbous at middle, rugose-punctate, anterior margin

rather deeply emarginate, with a distinct though short denticle on

each side of emargination which is turned upward, sides feebly

sinuate, genae rounded and not prominent. Prothorax one-fourth

broader than long, sides feebly arcuate and gradually narrowing to

front, margin not explanate, scarcely fimbriate, hind angles obtusely

rounded, base regularly arcuate and with fine marginal line; disk

quite convex, sparsely punctured with coarse and fine punctures

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

intermixed, the punctures coarser and closer laterally. Elytra one-

fourth longer than broad, as wide at base as prothorax, the humeri

obtuse, sides feebly arcuate; disk quite convex, finely striato-punc-

tate, intervals flattened and with a few minute punctures. Body

beneath sparsely punctate, the abdomen alutaceous, Mesosternum

not carinate. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate externally,

first segment of tarsus shorter than second. Posterior femora with

a few vague punctures near knee, the tibiae with hind margins fim-

briate with short unequal spinules, the first tarsal segment slightly

longer than the following two. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype (No. 2547, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

female, collected by Mr. L. S. Slevin, at Carmel, Monterey

County, California, November 15, 1915, and now in the Slevin

collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

This interesting little species which because of its robustness

has somewhat the facies of an Aegialia, would come in the series

1-C of Horn’s paper after militaris Lee. and cumulus Horn,

from both of which it differs by its more testaceous color,

smaller size and greater robustness, rugose clypeus, and double

type of pronotal punctuation.

Ataenius cribratus Van Dyke, new species

Form elongate, parallel, but moderately convex, rufopiceous,

beneath lighter and more rufous, antennae and palpi rufotestaceous,

slightly shining. Head coarsely, densely punctured posteriorly; cly-

peus rugulose, anterior margin broadly and distinctly emarginate, a

distinct angulation or minute denticle each side, sides arcuate, genae

moderately prominent and obtuse. Prothorax about one-third broader

than long, slightly narrower posteriorly, sides feebly arcuate, hind

angles rounded, base arcuate, basal marginal line distinct, lateral and

basal margins crenulate and finely fimbriate; disk moderately con-

vex, with slight depression near anterior angles, coarsely, closely

and cribrately punctured, finer in front. Elytra as wide as prothorax,

humeri markedly dentiform, sides nearly parallel, striae deep and

narrow, finely obscurely punctured, intervals broad and subcarinate,

their sides obliquely declivous, with a row of pronounced punctures

on either side close to striae, the margins as a result slightly crenu-

late. Mesosternum opaque, finely punctate-granulate, carinate be-

tween the coxae. Mesosternum coarsely, sparsely punctured at

middle, more rugose and finely at the sides. Abdomen coarsely punc-

tured throughout. Anterior tibiae tridentate externally and feebly

crenate above. Posterior femora sparsely, rather coarsely punctate,

with at most a feeble trace of a marginal line near the knee; pos-

terior tibiae without accessory spinule; the first tarsal segment about

equal in length to the long spur. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.8 mm.

APRIL, 1928] VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

157

Holotype (No. 2548, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), collected by-

Mr. J. O. Martin, July 29, 1924, at San Xavier Mission, near

Tucson, Arizona. Three paratypes taken at the same time and

place by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences.

This interesting species should be placed before Atcsnius

abditus Raid, where it would run in Horn’s table. It differs

from this by being larger, by having the pronotal punctures

coarser and closer, the elytral striae not distinctly punctured as

in abditus but with the pronounced punctures on the flanks of

the intervals. It is not closely related to any of our species, but

is no doubt near Atcenius sculptifrons Bates but differs in lack-

ing the longitudinal rugae of the forehead and the smooth

impressed line on the pronotum.

Ataenius carolinus Van Dyke, new species

Small, elliptical, slightly elongate, moderately convex, black, front

of head, tibiae, and tarsi rufous, antennae and palpi rufotestaceous.

Head moderately convex; occiput rather coarsely, closely punctured;

front and clypeus impunctate, subopaque, clypeal margin broadly,

somewhat triangularly emarginate, an acute denticle, somewhat ele-

vated at apex, on each side, the sides but slightly arcuate; gense

moderately prominent, obtuse. Prothorax about one-fifth broader

than long, sides feebly arcuate, apex just perceptibly narrower than

base, hind angles obtuse and rounded; base arcuate at middle, faintly

sinuate at sides, basal margin neither crenulate nor fimbriate; disk

rather coarsely, not closely punctured at middle, more densely and

closely at sides, the punctures finer anteriorly. Elytra elongate oval,

one-third longer than broad, the base as wide as base of prothorax;

humeri indistinctly dentate, sides slightly arcuate; disk deeply striate,

the striae distinctly crenulately punctured, intervals convex, slightly

flattened near suture. Mesosternum opaque, densely and finely punc-

tured, a slight Carina between the coxae. Metasternum coarsely, not

closely punctured. Abdomen feebly shining, impunctate except along

anterior border where it is punctate-crenate. Anterior tibiae acutely

tridentate externally, slightly crenate above. Posterior femora

smooth, the posterior marginal line evident near knee, vague at

middle; tibiae with accessory spinule a mere dentation; first tarsal

segment about equal to the long spur. Length, 2.75 mm.; breadth,

1.50 mm.

Holotype (No. 2549, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and one para-

type collected by myself in the Black Mountains of North

Carolina, June 1901.

This very small species somewhat suggests a diminutive

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

A. cylindricus Horn, but lacks the close pronotal punctuation

and complete marginal line to posterior femora. Being without

a well-defined accessory spinule to hind tibiae and without a

deep and complete marginal line to the posterior femora, it

would come near abditus Hald. in Horn’s table of species. It

might best fit in just before desertus Horn.

Ataenius semipilosus Van Dyke, new species

Slightly elongate, elliptical, moderately convex, dark rufous, legs

lighter, antennae and palpi rufotestaceous. Head moderately convex,

occiput rather finely, sparsely punctured; front smooth, sides of cly-

peus obscurely rugose, clypeal margin broadly emarginate, obtusely,

not sharply arcuate; genae moderately prominent, obtuse. Prothorax

less than one-third broader than long, slightly narrowed in front;

sides moderately arcuate, hind angles obtuse and rounded; base

evenly arcuate, basal marginal line distinct, lateral and basal margin

finely fimbriate, not crenulate; disk coarsely, not closely punctured,

finer in front. Elytra elongate oval, three-sevenths longer than

broad; base slightly narrowed and narrower than base of prothorax,

humeri inconspicuously dentate; sides moderately arcuate; disk

deeply striate, the striae finely, not closely punctured, intervals very

convex and with a series of fine but distinct punctures on each side,

close to the striae, from which arise rather short and fine erect setae,

less evident near base (probably abraded). Mesosternum opaque,

densely and finely punctured, a slight carina between the coxae.

Metasternum coarsely and sparsely punctured, more shallowly later-

ally. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctured, punctures finer at

middle. Anterior tibiae acutely tridentate externally, obscurely cren-

ate above. Posterior femora smooth, the posterior marginal line

absent; tibiae with distinct accessory spinule; first tarsal segment as

long as the following four segments but slightly shorter than the

long spur. Length, 3.25 mm.; breadth, 1.15 mm.

Holotype (No. 2550, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a single speci-

men, collected by Prof. W. M. Wheeler at Texas Pass, Dragon

Mountains, Arizona, July 19, 1917, and kindly presented to

me. A second specimen,, somewhat injured, collected by Mr.

C. T. Dodds at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, June 1922, is in

the California Academy collection. This latter I will designate

as a paratype.

This species superficially looks much like AtcFnius desertus

Horn, and the second specimen was mixed with a series of

these. The single type of pronotal punctation and the presence

of a distinct accessory spinule will, however, readily separate

this from desertus. Structurally, this species is very close to

APRIL, 1928]

VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

159

Atcsnius hirsutus Horn, but it differs by being smaller, rufous

not piceous, by having the sides of the clypeal emargination

angulate not rounded, the pronotal punctuation not of the

double type, and the elytra less densely pilose. In Horn’s table

it would come perhaps best, just before Icsviventris Horn.

Acoma Casey

This genus® was established by Colonel Casey for the recep-

tion of a single species, brunnea Casey, and the characteriza-

tion was, therefore, limited by this species. In the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences there are two other spe-

cies which are undoubtedly congeneric with brunnea but which

differ in several features such as the clypeus and antennae.

Inasmuch as these structures were used in the generic descrip-

tion, this will now have to be somewhat modified. All of the

specimens of Acoma which I have seen, and I have seen many

brunnea, are males, and most of these have been taken at light.

From this I am inclined to believe that the females are either

wingless or are very limited in their activities as is the case with

Pleocoma, near which they are now rightfully placed. The find-

ing of two other species of Acoma in Lower California also

throws some light on their distribution and seems to indicate

that this genus and probably also Pleocoma came from the

south and that we will have to look to either Central or South

America, probably the west coast, for the more generalized

relatives of these.

Synoptic Key

1. Antennal club of male formed of five lamellae; clypeus very

broadly margined and reflexed, rufopiceous; length 8-10 mm.

robusta sp. nov.

— . Antennal club of male formed of but three lamellae; clypeus

but moderately margined and reflexed 2

2. Prothorax with sides almost parallel posteriorly, gradually con-

vergent forward; elytral striae not sharply defined, rufo-

piceous; length 6-6.5 mm confusa sp. nov.

— . Prothorax with sides broadly, somewhat angulately arcuate,

broadest at middle; elytral striae always more or less dis-

tinctly defined, rufocastaneous; length 5.5-7 mm

brunnea Casey

Acoma robusta Van Dyke, new species

Large, robust, elongate, the sides nearly parallel, quite convex,

shining; front and side margins of prothorax, elytra, legs, and under-

5 Anns. N. Y. Acad. Sci. V (February 1890), p. 165.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

side clothed with rather long fulvous hair, the body rufopiceous.

Head with occiput smooth; front rugose and opaque above, punctate-

rugose in front and slightly concave; clypeus with a very broad and

reflexed margin extending back to eyes, the anterior edge slightly

emarginate, the sides oblique and almost straight, parallel in front

of eyes; antennae with the club formed of five long lamellae. Pro-

thorax three-fourths as long as broad, broadest at middle, apex

deeply emarginate, front angles prominently projecting and subacute;

sides sinuate just behind anterior angles, thence arcuate to base

which is two-sevenths broader than apex and moderately arcuate,

hind angles obtusely rounded; base finely margined, apex more

broadly so; disk rather coarsely, somewhat closely punctured, a

smooth longitudinal area at middle and an inconspicuous callosity

near middle of sides. Scutellum impunctate except in front where

vaguely punctured. Elytra one-fourth longer than broad, just per-

ceptibly widest at middle, moderately narrowed posteriorly; humeri

slightly prominent and well rounded; disk with striae distinctly im-

pressed, fairly well defined above, interrupted and less distinctly

defined at sides, irregularly punctured, the striae slightly convex,

third and fifth somewhat narrower, smoother and more elevated, the

others broader, flatter and irregularly coarsely punctured; the rather

long, semirecumbent hairs arising from both strial and interstrial

punctures. Beneath rather coarsely, closely punctured at sides,

smoother and more finely and sparsely punctured at middle and

clothed with long silky hair. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2551, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), collected by

Prof. G. F. Ferris at Triumfo, Dist. Sur., Lov^^er California,

July 8, 1919, and four paratypes taken by Mr. J. R. Slevin at

La Paz, Lower California, June 28, 1919.

This large and robust species is easily distinguished from

brunnea not only by its greater size, but by its more pronounced

convexity, piceous brown color, antennae with five segmented

club, and coarser punctuation of upper surface.

Acoma confusa Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, slightly elongate, subparallel, moderately convex,

shining; front and sides of prothorax, elytra, legs and underside

clothed with moderately long grayish pile, the body rufopiceous.

Head with occiput (generally concealed) smooth; front rugose and

opaque, flattened; clypeus concave at base, with a moderately broad

and reflexed margin, the apical margin acutely (holotype) or moder-

ately (paratype) emarginate, the sides oblique and but slightly arcu-

ate to eyes; antennae with the club formed of three long lamellae.

Prothorax one- third broader than long; apex moderately emarginate;

front angles moderately prominent, hardly projecting forward and

subacute; sides almost straight and obliquely diverging from front

APRIL, 1928] VAN DYKE NEW SCARAB^ID^

161

angles to middle, quite parallel behind; base one-third broader than

apex and moderately arcuate, hind angles obtusely rounded; base

and apex finely margined; disk distinctly and rather finely, not

closely punctured; a smooth longitudinal area at middle, with a finely

impressed line at basal two-thirds and an inconspicuous callosity

near middle of sides. Scutellum impunctate and slightly sulcate.

Elytra two-sevenths longer than broad, widest at middle, gradually

narrowed posteriorly; humeri slightly prominent and rounded; disk

with striee not distinctly defined, the strial and interstrial punctures

rather coarse, close, and somewhat irregularly scattered, the surface

also somewhat rugose, with moderately long semi-erect hairs arising

from each puncture. Beneath rather coarsely, closely punctured and

clothed with rather long cinereous hair. Length, 6 mm.; breadth,

2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2552, Mus, Calif. Acad. Sci.), collected by

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee at Coronodos Island, Gulf of California,

May 18, 1921. One paratype (somewhat crushed) collected by

Mr. I. M. Johnston at Loreto, Lower California, May 20, 1921.

This small species is about the size of one of the smaller

brunnea, and has the same three-segmented antennal club,

though the lamellae composing it are but two-thirds the length

of those in brunnea. It also differs by having the clypeus more

narrowed in front, the prothorax more narrowed, with sides

not rather evenly arcuate, the discal punctuation coarser and

slightly more numerous, the elytra less regularly sculptured,

and the color, as in the preceding species, a reddish brown, not

rufocastaneous. The name brunnea is rather unfortunate, for

the species which bears it is the only species of the three which

is not truly brown.

Amphicoma Latr.

Field observations continued for a long series of years, seems

to prove that we have but four good species of Amphicoma in

this country: lupina (Lee.) and vulpina Hentz., the two eastern

species; and ursina (Lec.) and rathvoni (Lec.), the two Pacific

species. The two eastern species seem to be fairly stable as to

color, but our two Pacific species are decidedly unstable, both

being dichromatic as well as variable otherwise. The well-

known ursina (Lec.) of the San Francisco sand dunes is

usually a yellowish gray, but every now and then an absolutely

black phase is to be found, flying and mating with the others.

The other species, which is generally to be found about the

sandy margins of lakes and streams, is normally dichromatic.

162 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO, 4

the black and lighter phases being found in about equal num-

bers. In middle California as in Napa and Sonoma counties,

the true rathvoni (Lee.) is generally, I might say always, asso-

ciated with typical canina (Horn). In the Sierras and in

southern California, the subspecies edwardsi (Horn) replaces

rathvoni, but as in the north, is associated there with canina.

Cooperi (Horn) is more of a subspecies than a color phase,

for it as a rule replaces canina in certain localities, I might also

state that the black phases, rathvoni and edwardsi, as well as

the light phases, canina and cooperi, may be of either sex. They

also all vary considerably as to minor details of coloration in

different regions,

Glaresis clypeata Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, somewhat elongate and subparallel, reddish

brown. Head convex, front obscurely tuberculate, not impressed;

clypeus with anterior margin truncate and distinctly serrate, the sides

projecting obliquely outward, and obliquely truncate and serrate at

apex, the galas prominent, lobed and with margins indistinctly crenu-

late; the mandibles not sinuate externally. Prothorax about a fourth

broader than long, sides almost straight and slightly converging

forward to rounded front angles, lateral margin crenulate; disk with

apical marginal groove wanting, median groove present though faint,

no other discal impressions, the linear, granular tubercles numerous

and distinct though minute. Elytra with striae broad and distinctly

though shallowly impressed and coarsely, rather closely punctured,

the intervals well elevated, subcostiform and with the usual line of

short, suberect setae. Outer apical angle of middle tibiae prominent

and acute; outer margin of hind tibiae but slightly emarginate before

the apex. Length, 4.75 mm.; breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2553, Mus. Calif, Acad. Sci.), a unique, col-

lected by myself at Carrville, Trinity County, California,

June 7, 1913.

This very distinct species would run in Fall’s synoptic table ®

of Glaresis, to phcenicis Fall. It is, however, much larger than

phcenicis, as large as ecostata Fall, has the elytral striae more

distinctly punctured, the clypeus with a well-marked serrate

margin, simple in the other, and the mandibles mot toothed

externally. I find the small spine of the hind trochanter as men-

tioned by Fall, but no spiniform teeth near the middle of the

posterior-superior margin of the hind femora.

6 Psyche 14 (1907), p. 25.

APRIL, 1928] BLAISDELL NEW CCELOCNEMIS

163

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CCELOCNEMIS

(COLEOPTERA: TENBRIONID^)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

The two new species described below are unique additions to

our list of species of Ccelocnemis. They are quite different

from any form described by Colonel Casey in his recent

revision, published in the Memoirs on the Coleoptera, XI, 1924,

Ccelocnemis barretti Blaisdell, new species

Form robust, resembling Eleodes consobrina Lee., a little

more than twice as long as wide. Color black, dull and opaque

in luster. Golden pubescence of the tibiae and tarsi as usual.

Head about as long as wide, equal to the pronotal apex; sides

arcuate before the eyes, thence straight and moderately convergent

to the clypeal apex, the latter sinuato-truncate, angles rather nar-

rowly rounded. Front flat, somewhat irregularly impressed, suture

more or less evident; rather finely, quite densely punctate, punctures

small, more widely separated in the central area. Antennae as long

as the pronotum; feebly incrassate, seventh joint triangular, 8 to 11

transverse.

Pronotum about one-fifth wider than long, apex sinuato-truncate

in moderate circular arc; sides obtusely angulate at about basal third,

thence very feebly arcuate and convergent to the obtusely rounded

apical angles, posteriorly convergent and broadly, feebly sinuate,

becoming very briefly parallel before the rectangular basal angles,

that are not in the least prominent; lateral marginal bead fine, thin

and feebly reflexed anteriorly; base truncate in feeble circular arc;

disk evenly and moderately convex, densely and quite evenly punc-

tate; punctures small, slightly larger than those of the head.

Elytra about a half longer than wide, somewhat evenly but not

strongly inflated, widest at about the middle, base transverse, about

equal to the pronotal base; scutellum very small and triangular;

humeri obtuse; sides broadly and rather evenly arcuate, obtusely

rounded at apex; disk quite evenly convex, rapidly and arcuately

declivous apically, feebly flattened in the central area; surface rugu-

loso-punctate, striae of rather widely spaced punctures which are

more or less distinct and larger than the interstial punctures.

Legs rather short, somewhat slender; anterior femora stouter than

the others; hind femora straight and three-eighths longer than the

tarsi.

Abdomen somewhat shining, smooth and more or less distinctly

ruguloso-punctate.

The sexes are quite similar in form: Male has the abdomen slightly

oblique to the sternal plane and noticeably flattened in the central

area of the first three segments. In the female the abdomen is hori-

zontal and more convex.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

Measurements. (Types.) Length 18.5 to 19.4 mm.; width 8 mm.

Five specimens studied. Largest specimen a female, length 22 mm.;

width 9.5 mm.

Holotype, female. No. 2554, and allotype, male. No. 2555,

deposited in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences. Mr. Barrett retains three paratypes in his collection.

Type locality. Bear Canyon, Sierra Madre Mountains, Los

Angeles County, California, collected on December 31, 1926,

by Mr. Ralph Barrett, to whom the species is dedicated in recog-

nition of his keenness in collecting.

Barretti differs from all of the other species by its short

robust form and peculiar dull luster. In larger specimens there

seems to be a tendency to become more elongate, as shown in

the large female mentioned above. The species possesses a

marked resemblance to Eleodes consobrina, which occurs in

the same geographical region. A homologous type occurs in

northern California in the vicinity of Shasta City; it is much

less robust, more depressed and shining and of a different

species.

Coelocnemis tanneri Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oval, about two and two-thirds as long as wide,

not in the least robust, rather strongly convex. Color dull

black throughout.

Head three-fourths as wide as the pronotum, widest across the

preocular arcuation; sides of the front straight and moderately con-

vergent to the epistomal apex, the latter subtruncate, angles obtuse

and rather narrowly rounded; front vaguely and broadly impressed

along the frontal suture and internally before the eyes; surface obso-

letely, minutely, evenly and moderately closely punctate. Antennae

moderate in length, about attaining the pronotal base, slender,

slightly and very gradually incrassate in the distal five joints, the

latter slightly compressed, last four slightly transverse; eleventh

largest, fifth and sixth subequal in length and together as long as

the third, second small and annular, third to the sixth inclusive quite

cylindrical, the fourth distinctly longer than the fifth.

Pronotum about as wide as long, widest just before the middle;

apex truncate in circular arc; sides moderately arcuate anteriorly,

oblique and convergent to base, feebly and broadly sinuate before

the basal angles, the latter small and subrectangular, marginal bead

fine and not distinctly marked; apical angles rather broadly rounded;

base transverse, more strongly beaded; disk evenly and rather

strongly convex, arcuately declivous at the angles, most so anteri-

orly, finely, rather closely and somewhat distinctly punctate, punc-

tures slightly denser laterally.

APRIL, 1928]

BLAISDELL NEW CGELOCNEMIS

165

Elytra oval, about twice as long as wide, widest a little behind the

middle; moderately convex on the dorsum, strongly and evenly

rounded laterally, obliquely and arcuately declivous posteriorly, apex

moderately narrowly rounded; disk feebly sculptured, eight striae

of small, slightly elongate punctures, which are not in the least

impressed, intervals flat and very finely punctulate, surface obso-

letely rugulose.

Abdomen slightly oblique to the sterna, moderately convex, broadly

impressed along the middle third, finely but not densely punctato-

rugulose. Fifth segment with a feeble submarginal apical groove.

Legs long and quite slender, obsoletely sculptured; tibiae fulvo-

pubescent within as usual; tarsi similarly clothed beneath; meso- and

metatibiae straight, protibiae slightly arcuate.

Measurements. Length, 16.6 mm.; width, 6 mm.

Type, a unique male. No. 2556, in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences.

Type locality, Zion’s Canyon, Utah. Collected on June 10,

1924, by Vasco M. Tanner. I take pleasure in naming the

species after its discoverer.

Tanneri belongs with those species that have the pronotal

sides broadly rounded. It is distinctly different from punctata

Lee., which also occurs in Utah according to Colonel Casey;

my own series of which was collected in Nevada. In punctata

the punctuation is distinct, the prothorax wider than long.

U tensis Casey has the prothorax wider than long, widest behind

the middle and the punctuation is strong, deep, and close-set.

Spaldingi Casey has pronotal characters like those of utensis,

but the basal angles are acute and everted ; both occur in Provo

Canyon, Utah, and there is reason to believe that they are one

and the same species but no specimens are at hand to prove it.

In tanneri the prothorax is about as long as wide, widest just

before the middle and the sculpturing is quite obsolescent

throughout.

DiCHELONYX FALLENS LeC.

According to the field observations of Mr. E. R. Leach,

Dichelonyx longiclava Fall is but the male of D. pallens Lee.

Not only are all longiclava males and all pallens females, but

they are restricted to the same general regions, the chaparral-

covered hills of middle and northern California. In one case

Mr. Leach secured a pair actually in copulation. — E. C. Van

Dyke.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

THREE NEW SPECIES OF RHAPHIUM

(DIPTERA)

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, N eiu York

Rhaphium obtusum Van Duzee, new species

Male: Length, 5 mm. Face wide, its sides parallel, viewed ob-

liquely appearing gray or whitish, seen from in front more slate-

colored; front opaque with grayish brown pollen; palpi black with

numerous black hairs; antennas black, first joint with bristles above

and below; third joint about twice as long as width of base, some-

what triangular; arista apical, scarcely as long as the antenna; beard

white, not abundant.

Dorsum of thorax blue, posterior part and scutellum more green,

the whole covered with thick gray pollen, the bristles inserted in

minute black dots; scutellum with two pair of long bristles; dorsum

of abdomen shining green,, covered with stiff black hairs and white

pollen which is more conspicuous at base of the segments; posterior

part of segments more blackish on the middle. Hypopygium black;

outer appendages small, black, somewhat rounded at tip, covered

with pale hairs; inner appendages large, lamella-like, extending far

beyond the outer lamellae and appearing like an extension of the

hypopygium when viewed from the side; central filament stout, black

not reaching the tip of the inner appendages.

Coxae and femora black, tips of fore and middle femora yellow,

trochanters black; fore coxae with black, bristly hairs on anterior

surface; middle coxae without a distinct spur, but the long stiff hairs

on the front surface extend down beyond their tips, forming a small

obscure spur; all femora with black bristles on the whole of their

lower surface, those on middle ones longest; all tibiae yellow, pos-

terior very narrowly black at base and quite broadly so at tip; all

tibiae with short hair, the bristles on upper surface large, middle pair

with several very minute ones below; fore and middle tarsi black

from the tip of the first joint, the posterior wholly black; all tarsi

plain; joints of fore tarsi as 48-11-10-7-10; of middle ones as 56-19-

14-9-9; joints of posterior ones as 40-29-20-12-12. Calypters white

with a black tip and yellow cilia; knobs of halteres white.

Wings a little grayish; first vein reaching halfway to tip of second;

third vein only a little bent back at tip; last section of fourth vein

bent at basal third, parallel with third at tip, ending in the apex of

the wing; cross-vein 28, last section of fifth vein 50 fiftieths of a

millimeter long.

Type, male. No. 2557, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P.

Van Duzee, June 27, 1927, at Reno, Nevada; one paratype

was taken at the same time and place.

This would run to terminalis in Mr. Curran’s table of species

APRIL, 1928]

VAN DUZEE RHAPHIUM

167

(Trans. Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto, Vol. XV, p. 253,

1926). It differs from that species in having very short outer

hypopygial appendages, while in that species the outer appen-

dages are very long and slender.

Rhaphium calcaratum Van Duzee, new species

Male: Length, 2.5 mm. Face rather wide, narrowest below, brown

when seen from in front, white when viewed obliquely; antennae

black, third joint somewhat conical in outline, one and a half times

as long as wide; arista twice as long as the third joint; palpi and

proboscis black; front and occiput blackish; lateral and inferior

orbital cilia and the beard white.

Thorax, scutellum and abdomen dark green, the latter with slight

coppery reflections and short black hair on dorsum; hair on the sides

long and white; the thin brownish pollen on the dorsum of the

thorax leaving shining lines along the rows of bristles. Hypopygium

black, nearly round; outer appendages rather long filaments that are

a little bent at tip, fringed with hairs and about as long as the width

of the hypopygium; inner appendages a pair of stouter filaments;

straighter and stouter than the outer ones with only a few very short

hairs, placed on each side of the tip of the hypopygium.

All coxae, fore and middle femora, apical half of posterior femora

and the whole of posterior tibiae and tarsi black; basal half of hind

femora and fore and middle tibiae yellow, fore and middle tarsi black

from the extreme tip of first joint; hairs on fore coxae white; middle

coxae without a spur; first joint of fore tarsi swollen below on basal

half; first joint of middle tarsi a little enlarged at tip; joints of fore

tarsi as 15-8-5-5-6; of middle ones as 29-11-10-7-6; joints of posterior

tarsi as 25-23-15-10-9. Calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of the

former white.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins parallel toward their tips,

fourth ending in the apex of the wing; last section of fifth vein 36,

cross-vein 10 fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Described from one male in the author’s collection, taken at

Ithaca, New York.

Rhaphium fuscicosta Van Duzee, new species

Male: Length, 5 mm. Face narrow, silvery white; front green,

dulled with white pollen; palpi black with white pollen and long,

flattened, silvery white hairs on apical part; proboscis black; antennae

black, width of third joint is as 11, length as 40, length of arista

as 43; upper orbits with a few short black cilia, no cilia on lateral

and inferior orbits; beard very short, white, a few white bristles

below the head.

Thorax and scutellum green with bronze reflections, slightly dulled

with white pollen. Abdomen blue-green, more blue posteriorly, base

168 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

of segments blackish; hairs on dorsum of abdomen black, on the

sides long, stiff and yellowish white. Hypopygium black, outer

appendages long brown filaments fringed with long hairs; inner

appendages very large thin lamellae, a little longer than the outer

filaments mm. long), about twice as long as wide, broadly

rounded at apex, whitish, blackened at base.

Coxae black, anterior pair with green reflections; fore and middle

coxae with long, dense, silvery white hair, the latter with a large

black thorn at tip; fore femora, except tip, a broad ring on apical

half of middle femora, most of apical half of posterior femora and

the trochanters black; remainder of middle and hind femora, the

whole of fore and middle tibiae and basal three-fifths of posterior

tibiae yellow; apical two-fifths of hind tibiae and all tarsi black, base

of fore and middle tarsi slightly yellowish; fore and middle femora

with long pale hairs below; posterior femora with a few long pale

hairs at base above, none below; hind tibiae thickened on apical part;

middle tarsi with the second, third and fourth joints slightly widened;

joints of fore tarsi as 34-10-7-6-8; of middle ones as 55-23-17-10-9;

those of posterior pair as 51-20-16-10-10. Calypters yellow with

black tips and white cilia; halteres pale yellow.

Wings grayish, costal margin blackish from just before the tip of

first vein to tip of third vein and from the costa to third vein;

apical part of wing beyond the cross-vein and back to fourth vein

tinged with brown; third vein bent back at tip; last section of fourth

vein bent at its middle, parallel with third at tip, reaching the wing

margin just before apex of wing; last section of fifth vein 56, cross-

vein 28 fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Described from one male in the author’s collection, taken by

him, June 16, 1924, at Little Valley, New York.

This is something like hanksi Van Duzee, but in that species

the large lamellae are the outer appendages, in this they are the

inner ones. It is still more like insolitum Curran, but the outer

appendages in that form are much broader at base, being tri-

angular, not filaments as in this ; the beard in that species is

very abundant and long, in this it is short and not very

abundant.

Obtusum new species also comes in this group of four species

having large hypopygial lamellae ; fuscicosta and insolitum have

the basal half of hind femora yellow, apical half black; hanksi

and obtusum have all femora wholly black, except at tip; in

hanksi the large lamellae are whitish tinged with brown and

black at extreme tip, in obtusum the lamellae are black at base,

slightly testaceous or yellowish at tip, they are also of a different

form.

APRIL, 1928]

KNOWLTON NEW APHIDS

169

THREE NEW APHIDS FROM UTAH*

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON

Agricultural Experiment Station

Logan, Utah

Macrosiphum packi^ Knowlton, n. sp.

This large, rather shiny, bluish green to apple-green aphid “ is

quite generally distributed over Utah, feeding upon the common

rabbit brush {Chrysothamnus nauseosus). The colonies are

usually small and located on the leaves well out toward the tips

of the twigs. Most forms collected have been apterous vivi-

parous females and nymphs, though one pupal nymph has b^en

taken.

Stem mother. Similar to the summer apterous females but darker

green and often larger, reaching a length of 3.6 mm. in some cases.

Apterous viviparous female. Size, 3 to 3.25 mm. long; rostrum

reaching second coxa; head armed with elongate hairs, enlarged at

the tip; ocular tubercles rudimentary or lacking; antennal tubercles

rather prominent and diverging; antennal I gibbus on inner surface;

antennae black except I, II, and base of III which are green; body

armed with numerous capitate to fan-like hairs; antennal III, 0.80

mm. long and armed with three to nine oval sensoria arranged in an

irregular to scattered row on basal one-half to two-thirds of segment:

IV, 0.8 mm.; V, 0.65 to 0.67 mm.; VI, 1.24 to 1.54 (0.14 -|- 1.1 to 1.4)

mm.; legs rather long; lateral tubercles lacking; cornicles slender,

1.17 mm. long, without closed reticulations, usually curving slightly

outward near distal end, moderately swollen before the flange which

is not preceded by a constriction; cauda elongate, with four or five

hairs on each side and two on dorsal surface near end.

First collected at Cove Fort, Utah, on July 7, 1925. Other

collections were made at Aurora, Axtell, Fruita, Lehi, Loa,

Milford, Richfield, Salina (May 7), Scipio, Sigurd, St. John,

Teasdale, Tooele, and Torry, Utah.

The cotypes may be found in the collections of the United

States National Museum, Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, and in the collection of the writer.

Aphis sorensoni® Knowlton, n. sp.

The winged form of this greenish black aphid ^ was collected

* Approved for publication by Director, June 23, 1927.

1 Dr. H. J. Pack, Entomologist, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

2 The writer wishes to thank Dr. C. P. Gillette and Miss M. A. Palmer

for their opinions concerning this form.

3 C. J. Sorenson, Assistant Entomologist Utah Agricultural Experi-

ment Station.

4 The writer wishes to thank Dr. E. M. Patch for her opinion concern-

ing this form.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

at Providence, Utah, July 18, 1925, where it was feeding upon

the leaves of willow lutea).

Winged viviparous female. Size, 1.55 mm. long; rostrum barely

reaching second coxae; antennae black and armed with pointed hairs;

antennal III, 0.36 mm. long with twenty-five to thirty oval sensoria

scattered over the segment; IV, 0.23 mm.; V, 0.2 mm.; VI, 0.46

(0.11 + 0.35) mm.; prothoracic tubercles prominent; legs of moderate

length; wing venation typical, veins slightly dusky, second branch

of M arising slightly nearer to margin of wing than to the first

branch; abdomen bluish green with a prominent lateral tubercle on

each side posterior to the cornicles; cornicles black, 0.25 mm. long,

cylindrical, covered with broken reticulations and ending in a mod-

erate flange; cauda black, constricted near base with four to five

hairs on each side and one on dorsal surface near distal end.

Type in the collection of the writer.

Neomyzus masoni Knowlton, n. sp.

This bluish green aphid was rather common on young sun-

flowers {Helianthus annims) at St, George, Utah, on July 9.

1925. The aphids were present on the younger leaves and tip

growth, in some cases in such numbers as to cause wilting.

Many were also present on the underside of older leaves.

Migration was occurring at this time, and winged forms were

found on many other plants. These forms would take flight on

very slight disturbance.

Dr. P. W. Mason called the writer’s attention to the resem-

blance of this form to Amphorophora corylina (Davidson) from

which it differs principally in having more slender, elongate

cornicles, and the Myzini character of slightly gibbus inner sur-

face of the first antennals which extends to the inner surface

of the antennal tubercles of the apterous forms.

Alate vivipara. Color bluish green to yellowish green; size, 2 mm.

long; rostrum reaching second coxa, blackish at tip; head and

antennae armed with short finger-like hairs often enlarged toward

tip; antennal tubercles prominent; antennal segments I, II, and base

of III greenish, rest blackish to black; antennal I slightly gibbus on

inner side; III, 0.71 to 0.78 mm. long with twenty-five to thirty sen-

soria in irregular row; IV, 0.51 to 0.56 mm.; V, 0.55 to 0.57 mm.;

VI, 1.42 (0.17 -|- 1.25) mm.; legs rather long; wing venation typical

with brownish black veins and second branch of media arising

slightly nearer margin of wing than to first branch of media, and

with a long narrow stigma; cornicles 0.70 to 0.75 mm. long, attach-

ment greenish black, blacker at tip where there are a few rows of

APRIL, 1928]

KNOWLTON NEW APHIDS

171

A, Aphis sorensoni n. sp., antenna of alate viviparous; B, Macro-

s'lphum packi n. sp., cornicle of apterous viviparous; C, M. packi cauda

of apterous viviparous; D, M. packi, head of apterous viviparous;

E, A. sorensoni, cornicle of alate viviparous.

Explanation of Figure 2

Neomyzus masoni n. sp. A, antenna of alate viviparous; B, cornicle

of alate viviparous; C, head of apterous viviparous; D, cauda of alate

viviparous; E, head of alate viviparous.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

closed reticulations before the flange; cauda elongate, cone-shaped,

constriction near base very slight to lacking.

Apterous vivipara. Color bluish green to pale green; body 2.12

mm. long; antennal tubercles and first antennal slightly gibbus on

inner surface; antennae blackish to black; antennal III, 0.8 mm. long

with five to eight sensoria in a row on basal half; IV, 0.55 mm.;

V, 0.52 mm.; VI, 1.26 (0.15 4- 1,1) mm.; legs rather long; cornicles

0.75 mm. long, slightly swollen on distal half, blackish at tip, with

three or four rows of closed reticulations; cauda long, conical, usually

very slightly constricted near base.

In Utah this aphid has also been collected at Garden City,

June 23; Holden, July 7; and Hurricane, July 11, all during

1925. Only at St George was it found in such numbers as to

affect the plant noticeably.

Cotypes in the United States National Museum and in the

collection of the writer.

Callidium pallidum Van Dyke

Since this species was described (Pan-Pacif. Entom., Vol. 4,

p. Ill, 1928), from two male individuals, a series of eleven

specimens consisting of four males and seven females belong-

ing to Mr, H. C. Cain, has been submitted to me by Mr. Gorton

Linsley. All of these were reared by Mr. Cain from branches

of the redwood. Sequoia sempervirens Endl., taken at La

Honda, San Mateo County, California, and emerged, indoors,

about January 1, 1923. The males are exactly like the speci-

mens previously studied, robust and rufotestaceous. The

females are, however, entirely different, not especially robust

and of a dark violet color, superficially resembling antennatum

Newm. The species is thus shown to be the most remarkably

dichromatic as well as dimorphic one that I know of among

the Callidini. The distinctive features of the female when com-

pared with the females of other blue or violet species, are : the

brown pile of the forebody, the narrow prothorax, hardly more

than three-fifths as broad as elytra and the very long elytra, an

average of 12 mm. as compared with a total length of 16 mm.

Callidium sequoiarium Fisch., described from the giant sequoia

but also found on the coast redwood, is not only sexually uni-

colorous, but more greenish, more shining, with a proportion-

ally broader prothorax and shorter elytra. — Edwin C. Van

Dyke.

APRIL, 1928] BARRETT A NEW MELANDRYID

173

A NEW SPECIES OF MELANDRYID^

(COLEOPTERA)

BY RALPH E. BARRETT

University of California, Berkeley, California

Microscapha californica Barrett, new species

Body oval, strongly convex, castaneous. Head deflexed, slightly

constricted behind eyes; eyes very coarsely granulate, widely sep-

arated on the front, slightly emarginate in front and not prolonged

over the insertion of the antennae; maxillary palpi large, four-

segmented, last segment strongly dilated and obliquely truncate at

tip, longer than wide; antenna eleven-segmented, first two segments

equal in length to segments three to seven inclusive, last four seg-

ments dilated forming a well-developed club, first two segments

thicker than third. Prothorax twice as wide as long, as wide behind

as base of elytra, a slight though distinct margin at sides, base sinu-

ate each side; finely, moderately, closely and irregularly punctate.

Scutellum invisible. Elytra convex, sides narrowly indexed, non-

striated, finely, moderately, closely and irregularly punctate, with a

single seta arising in each puncture. Abdomen with five ventral seg-

ments, basal segment subequal to second at middle. Legs moder-

ately robust; anterior coxae narrowly separated, large and almost

oval; middle coxae small, moderately separated, with the meso-

sternum between the coxae cordiform; hind coxae small and narrowly

separated; hind tibia with two spines on distal end one-half to two-

thirds as long as first tarsal segment, serrate on under margin, outer

spine slightly longer than inner; tarsi 5-5-4, pubescent, first segment

of middle tarsi at least as long as the next two combined, first seg-

ment hind tarsi as long as the tibia; tarsal claws simple. Length,

2.5 to 3.5 mm.; breadth, 1.25 to 2 mm.

Holotype (No. 2558, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and ten para-

types taken by myself from nests of the wood rat, Neotoma

fuscipes Baird, near Pasadena, California, January 1, 1928.

A pair of paratypes will also be deposited in the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences.

This is a very distinct species and resembles Microscapha

clavicornis Lee. by having the base of the prothorax sinuate

each side of the middle and the last segment of the maxillary

palpi oval, obliquely truncate at apex and longer than wide;

and Lederia arctica (Horn) by color, invisible scutellum and

very coarse granular eyes. It is therefore intermediate between

the two genera and as these are the characters used for the

separation of the two genera Microscapha Lec.^ and Crioscapha

1 Smiths. Misc. Coll., Vol. 6, No. 167, 2nd. ed. 1866, p. 152.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

(Hom),^ the latter later found to be a synonym of Lederia

Reitt., I am suppressing the latter and placing the three known

American species in the former genus. In Junk’s Coleop-

terorum Catalogus ^ four other species of Microscapha are given

while seven species of Lederia are listed. I cannot give the

status of the South American and Old World species, but as

for the species found in the United States M. calif ornica defi-

nitely unites them into a homogeneous group.

M. calif ornica also differs from M. clavicornis in being casta-

neous throughout, the latter being black with reddish abdomen,

and from M. arctic a by being in general slightly larger.

Key to the known species of American Microscapha Lee.

1. Scutellum visible, base of prothorax sinuate each side; meso-

sternum between the coxae narrow; last segment of maxillary

palpi oval, obliquely truncate, longer than wide, eyes moder-

ately coarsely granulate davicornis Lee.

Scutellum invisible 2

2. Base of prothorax sinuate each side; mesosternum between the

coxae cordiform; last segment of maxillary palpi oval, ob-

liquely truncate, longer than wide; eyes very coarsely granu-

late californica n. sp.

Base of prothorax regularly arcuate; mesosternum between the

coxae cordiform; last segment of maxillary palpi oval, squarely

truncate, about as wide as long; eyes very coarsely granulate

arctica Horn

Thyce squamicollis Lee.

Within the last few years there have been taken in the

Coachella Valley of California quite a number of what I con-

sider to be but a large phase of Thyce squamicollis Lee, They

differ in the main from typical specimens from New Mexico,

by being larger, often with the first or upper tooth of the front

tibiae not compressed, and by having a very minute secondary

punctuation between the normal punctures of pronotum, elytra

and abdomen, rarely evident in the other. So far, this species

has not been taken in Arizona but no doubt will be. It has been

considered the outlying member of one of our typical Pacific

Coast genera and the finding of the California specimens of this

species binds the straggler still closer to the parent stock. —

E. C. Van Dyke.

2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 26, 1893, p. 144.

3 Coleopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk, Part 77 by E. Csiki, 1924, p. 20.

APRIL, 1928 ]

HATCH SINODENDRON

175

THE SPECIES OF SINODENDRON (LUCANID^)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH*

Sinodendron is one of those genera that seem to unite the

Pacific coast of North America more closely with the Palae-

arctic region than with other portions of North America. The

three species of this genus are known respectively from

Europe, the North American Pacific Coast, and Azerbaijan

and Trans-Caspia. The larvse inhabit the decaying wood of

the dead and dying trunks, stumps, and logs of various

deciduous trees (alder, beech, ash, willow, etc.), but do not

appear to injure the living tree.

In the following key the characters of persicum are drawn

from the original description.

A.i Elytral intervals coarsely punctate; 6 with transverse pronotal

ridge emarginate on either side of median lobe.

B.i Elytral intervals less coarsely punctate. Male: cephalic

horn feebly constricted at base; pronotum less coarsely

punctate, with large lateral areas caudad to the trans-

verse ridge and the middle line impunctate; lateral pro-

tuberances of transverse pronotal ridge less prominent

but about equal in width to the median lobe; transverse

ridge terminating at anterior angles of pronotum, the

sides of the pronotum in front feebly convergent with

an evident longitudinal impression. Female: pronotum

with conspicuous raised impunctate transverse and

longitudinal areas. Europe and adjacent portions of

Asia, Caucasus, (americanum Beauv., juvenile Muls.)

cyltndricum L.

B.2 Elytral intervals less coarsely punctate. Male: cephalic

horn not constricted at base, gradually narrowed from

base to apex; pronotum more coarsely punctate, without

evidence of impunctate areas in front of transverse ridge

and only feebly developed impunctate areas behind the

ridge; lateral protuberances of transverse ridge minute;

transverse ridge terminating at the side margin of the

pronotum well behind apex, the sides of the pronotum

in front strongly convergent with a feeble impression

behind the ridge. Female: pronotum without transverse

impunctate spaces. California to Washington

rugosum Mann.

A. 2 Elytral intervals broad, almost impunctate except at apex.

Male: transverse pronotal ridge not emarginate on either

* Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of

Washington.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

side of base of median lobe; cephalic horn strongly con-

stricted at base; pronotum without impunctate area in front

of transverse ridge, behind the ridge an extensive impunc-

tate area attaining the sides but not the base, the sides with-

out impressed area. Female: pronotum with transverse

impunctate areas. Azerbaijan (Talysh) and Trans-Caspia

(Kopeh Dagh) persicum Reitt.

MELLISSODES MYSOPS COCKERELL NESTING IN

OREGON (ANTHOPHORID^, HYM.)

BY H. A. SCULLEN

Oregon State Agricultural College

On July 2, 1926, the writer found a colony of Melissodes

mysops Ckll. nesting in the side of a sand bank at the top of a

sea cliff in the Coos Bay region on the Oregon coast. The

colony was about fifty feet above the high-water mark on the

Cape Argo Lighthouse grounds. It consisted of about sixty

individual nests scattered for a distance of about twenty feet

along the top of the cliff. Numerous females were seen busily

carrying in pollen, while several males were hovering about the

openings. Both males and females were taken from nearby

thistles (Cirsium sp.). Two nests opened showed a collection

of pollen, but no evidence of eggs.

On July 13, the colony was again visited. On opening nests

half -grown larvae were found in some, while in others eggs were

still present. The nests were visited a third time on July 21.

Several larvae appeared full grown. Very few females were

seen. No males were in evidence. A few females were still

carrying pollen. Specimens were also taken several miles

farther south on the beach cliffs.

As far as the writer has been able to determine, this is the

first record of this species for Oregon, and also of its nesting

habitat.

Specimens taken were determined by Miss Grace Sandhouse,

of the National Museum.

Note

The numbers of Volume IV of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist

were mailed on the following dates: No. 1 on September 16,

1927; No. 2 on December 3, 1927; No. 3 on March 15, 1928,

and No. 4 on June 26, 1928.

APRIL, 1928] FREEBORN CONTROL OF AEDES

177

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONTROL OF SIERRAN

AEDES (CULICID^: DIPTERA)

BY STANLEY B. FREEBORN

University of California, Davis, California

Vacationing in the Sierra of California is marred by only one

feature of Nature’s sense of fitness — the biting flies. Tabanids

and biting rhagionids (leptids) are particularly pestiferous, but

the crown of thorns is in the possession of the mosquitoes which

are almost universal above the 5000-foot line.

These day biting mosquitoes are all members of the genus

Aedes, the most troublesome ones being communis tahoensis,

ventrovittis, and hexodontus. They are known as snow mos-

quitoes on account of the fact that they breed in pools caused

by melting snow. While this is literally true many of them find

their optimum breeding places in lakeside or streamside pools

that are flooded as a result of rising water only indirectly con-

nected with the melting snow. Others, true to their name, breed

at the edge of the snow fields in depressions that hold the water

as it trickles from an adjacent snow bank.

All of them, irrespective of their breeding places, emerge

from eggs that have been laid the previous summer and remained

dormant through the fall and winter The advent of moisture

in the spring is a signal for hatching, the promptness with which

this is heeded depending to some extent on the species involved.

The adult after feeding seeks the muddy banks of a favor-

able breeding pool and oviposits. The eggs are evidently laid

over a period of two or three weeks in small numbers, eight

to ten eggs at a time. The writer has seen Aedes communis

tahoensis females ovipositing on a bone-dry mass of mud-

stained leaves and twigs that had been dry for over a month.

Previous observation had shown it to be a bed of a shallow pool,

however, and the next year’s observation proved this to be the

case again.

Observations and attempts at control have been made during

the past two years at upper Echo Lake in El Dorado County,

California, at an elevation of 7500 feet. The prevailing mos-

quito here is Aedes hexodontus, a mosquito which prefers rela-

tively deep, semipermanent overflow or seepage pools but which

adapts itself to varying conditions and matures equally well in

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

shallow depressions or even hoof-prints. Its larvae are easily

recognizable in the Sierra as the only ones with the chitinous

anal saddle completely surrounding the segment. The adult

female is not easily differentiated from its ally, Aedes communis

tahoensis, the most constant differentiation being the yellow lat-

eral aspect of the mesonotum which is grayish in communis

tahoensis.

At the western end of the lake there is a moon-shaped area

known as Area A, extending back from the shore line for

approximately one hundred yards at the center. This whole

area is scarcely a foot higher than the high water mark of the

lake. The vegetation is a tangled mass of shrubs, and even

the slightest depressions hold an appreciable amount of water

when the lake is high. Behind this area there arises a granite

cliff some twenty to thirty feet high which forms the shoreward

boundary of another bench of about equal extent covered with

a sparse growth of willows which has sprung up following the

burning off of the original pine stand. A meandering stream

and poor natural drainage caused by the outcropping of the

granite cliff join to form many pools. This will be known as

Area B.

Behind this bench the land rises precipitously up the face of

another cliff approximately sixty feet in height to flatten out

above into a flat valley traversed by a snow stream through a

primeval pine forest with tangled bushes immediately border-

ing the stream. The fall of the stream on this uppermost bench

is gentle and there is considerable meandering across the floor

of the valley which averages from sixty to seventy-five yards

in width. This is known as Area C.

In 1926, Areas A and B were sprayed on May 23 with fuel

oil designated as 27°. Spraying was at first limited to those

pools showing larvae, but was finally applied to all pools of

standing water in the areas mentioned. No attempt to cover

Area C was made. At this time snow was present in small

patches at the shore of the lake in sheltered spots, but the

majority of the land was bare. Larvae and pupae were numerous,

but no adults were noticed. A week later, on May 30, the oiled

areas were inspected and all larvae and pupae were found to be

dead. A few adult mosquitoes were present. At the next visit,

APRIL, 1928]

FREEBORN CONTROL OF AEDES

179

on June 11, adult mosquitoes were present in hordes. Attempts

to remain out-of -doors unprotected by repellents or nets at sun-

rise or sunset resulted in torture, and even at midday a stop

in the shade resulted in the attack of swarms of vicious biters.

An inspection of the sprayed areas showed no breeding, but

the pools of Area C and its extension into the Desolation Valley

area showed nearly every pool teeming with pure cultures of

A. hexodontus larvae, pupae, and cast pupal skins. A heavy rain

on the 9th of July “retired the side,” and the mosquito problem

was over for 1926.

In 1927 it was decided to extend our control operations

approximately one-half mile into Area C to determine if nearly

absolute control for this distance would protect the lake shore.

The snowfall was much heavier, and on May 30 no bare ground

was visible. On June 20 another trip was made. By this time

the snow was in patches but still more plentiful than on May 23

in 1926. Numerous pools were present, and an inspection of

these showed some very interesting results. Larvae were present

in large numbers in Area C, which had not been sprayed in

1926, but in Areas A and B no larvae were present in the pools

that had been teeming with immature forms before spraying in

1926. The pools of this area were carefully observed through-

out the season and no breeding occurred in any pool that had

been sprayed in 1926. In the same areas, however, were a few

pools that had been merely soggy areas in 1926 without stand-

ing water, but owing to increased snowfall had become pools

in 1927. These harbored larvae, but no pool that had received

oil the previous year was found to be infested with mosquito

life.

We followed out our program of spraying extending back

about a half mile into Area C as planned. Very few adult

mosquitoes appeared until July 6 and 7 when they appeared on

the lake shore in numbers although not as abundantly as in

1926. Inspection of the area behind the sprayed portion of

Area C showed many larvae of A. hexodontus with a scattering

of A. communis tahoensis in some of the deep pools. The latter

were seen in numbers in Desolation Valley some three miles

west of the area in question. This species made its appearance

among the hexodontus adults at Echo Lake during the latter

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

part of July, but its late appearance was probably caused by its

delayed hatching and emergence at its more elevated breeding

grounds rather than by the time required to travel the distance

involved.

Two resulting observations of the trials are in the one case

discouraging and on the other hand encouraging in our attempts

to control mountain mosquitoes The migration of communis

tahoensis adults from their nearest breeding grounds was over

a mile, with little indication that an even greater protected area

would be more effective. This information, which has always

been surmised, presents a discouraging outlook to the summer

homesite or resort owner, who anticipates the possibility of

being able to control his mosquito problem. It was noted in the

course of the work, however, that the migration of the mosqui-

toes followed the courses of the streams and the denser vegeta-

tion. Homesite lots a few hundred yards from stream beds and

cleared of vegetation were often comparatively free from mos-

quitoes, while areas within a few hundred yards that included

water courses and their attendant vegetation were deluged with

the pests.

The encouraging feature of the work was the nonappearance

in 1927 of larvae in pools sprayed in 1926. This cannot be

explained in any way except that the oil which was noted to

stay on the pools for from two to three weeks in noticeable

amounts, either repelled ovipositing adults or destroyed them

or their eggs at the time of oviposition. This factor was checked

in 1927. It was noticeable that the number of hovering adults

about the sprayed pools was less than with similar untreated

pools which would lend belief to the repellent theory, but it was

also true that large numbers of female mosquitoes were found

dead on the surface of oiled pools. Possibly the oil repelled the

majority and killed the minority that attempted to land on the

surface.

On account of the generally discouraging trend of this note

it may be fitting to add the results of trials with repellents.

During the course of the work we had adequate opportunity to

compare the efficiency of various oils and salves as mosquito

repellents. The choice was narrowed to the two following :

APRIL, 1928] FREEBORN CONTROL OF AEDES

181

Bamber oil, which is used in the Orient and is quite effective

against anophelines, gave considerable temporary relief. It is

a clear yellow liquid and particularly good for allaying the itch-

ing from bites already inflicted. Its formula is as follows :

Citronella Ij4 parts

Kerosene 1 part

Cocoanut oil 2 parts

Carbolic acid 1 per cent

More lasting and more effective was a combination that we

have named Sierra Oil. It is a mixture, most of the ingredients

of which are used in a preparation called Maine Oil. It has a

dark brown color in bulk, but applied to the skin it causes very

little, if any, discoloration. One application is effective for

approximately one-half hour even in a heavy infestation. Its

formula is as follows :

Oil of citronella 3 ounces

Spirits of camphor 1 ounce

Oil of tar 1 ounce

Oil of pennyroyal ^ ounce

Castor oil 4 ounces

NEW HOST NOTE FOR PHYMATODES VULNERATUS LEG.

In December 1925, I found in a vacant lot near my home in

Oakland, California, a discarded pile of apple branches con-

taining larvae of cerambycid and buprestid borers. Upon emer-

gence in April and May 1926, the cerambycids proved to be

Phymatodes vulneratus Lee. According to E. C. Van Dyke

and others, the normal host for this species is the broad-leaved

maple (Acer macrophyllum) . Therefore, being interested in

this new host, I placed adults of both sexes in a cage contain-

ing freshly cut apple branches and found that the females

would oviposit on them. However, when placed in a cage con-

taining both apple and broad-leaved maple, only the maple was

used, tending to prove that the maple is the preferred host. The

adults emerged from both the apple and maple at about the same

time, during April and May 1927, showing, as has been recorded

before, that their life cycle is one year. — Gorton Linsley.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

A MISIDENTIFIED HADRONEMA (HEMIPTERA)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

Our most strongly marked species of Hadronema has long

stood in my collection, and probably in others, as robusta Uhler.

The type of that species, from the cape region of Lower

California, however, proves to be a Lopidea very near to the

Texan wileycs Knight, but with the expanded base of the dex-

tral clasper less angulate. The misidentified species may be

described as follows :

Hadronema uhleri Van Duzee, n. sp.

Black; pronotum, scutellum, femora and pleurse bright red.

Length, 4-5 mm.

Male. Head with eyes three-fourths as wide as pronotal base;

vertex full but hardly tumid, basal carina strong. Segment I of

antennae as long as width of vertex; II nearly four times as long as I;

III about three times as long as I; IV two-thirds of I. Pronotum

transversely rugose; callosities large, surface depressed between and

before them; anterior edge feebly emarginate; sides carinate, slightly

sinuate, armed with a stout bristle anteriorly. Elytra nearly parallel.

Dextral clasper with a blade-like apex bent at right angles to the

stem, its apical margin oblique; sinistral terete, its acute curved apex

lying just under the margin of genital segment.

Color black, dull; cheeks at base, lorse, a line next the inner margin

of the eyes, collum and anterior margin of pronotum castaneous;

posterior lobe of pronotum and lateral carinse, scutellum, femora,

coxae and pleural pieces mostly, bright red; elytra with a slender

hyaline costal line, the marginal vein black; vestiture of fine white

scale-like hairs intermixed with longer testaceous ones.

Female stouter; vertex more swollen, pronotum less rugose, callosi-

ties concolorous; second antennal segment shorter, castaneous marks

on head reduced, red of pronotum and femora brighter.

Described from numerous examples taken by me on white

sage in San Diego County from April to June.

Holotype, male. No. 2559, and allotype, female. No. 2560,

Mus, Calif, Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, June 8

and 20, 1913, respectively, at Alpine, San Diego County,

California.

APRIL, 1928] DAVIS COLLECTING NOTES

183

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COLLECTING NOTES

BY A. C. DAVIS

Garden Grove, California

During the spring and summer of 1927 a number of very in-

teresting Coleoptera were taken in various localities in southern

California. I have thought it worth while to record these cap-

tures, and a number of new or little known facts regarding the

habits of these species and the methods of collecting them.

Cactophagus validus Lee. is to be found sparingly under

decomposing Opuntia at Newport Beach and Laguna from May

until September, and probably later. Piles of cactus at the

edges of cleared land usually yield specimens of this beetle.

The adults are not very active, and usually drop when alarmed.

The larva bores in the stalks of the cactus. Several larvae and

pupae were dug out, and adults have since emerged from these.

Associated with this species, but in the more thoroughly decom-

posed stalks, are three species of Hololepta.

Anoplium albofasciatum Linell was taken May 29, in Red

Rock Canyon, about thirty-five miles northeast of Mojave.

This species is nocturnal, and may be taken by searching the

cholla cactus, Opuntia bigelovii Engelm., with a lantern. The

spines of this cactus are so sharp and thickly set that small

insects such as Hippodamia convergens are frequently impaled

as they attempt to alight, but Anoplium seems to have no diffi-

culty. This species is very sluggish, and must be pulled from

among the spines with tweezers. Two or three pairs were seen

in coitu. This, and a number of fresh exit holes, seem to indi-

cate that the stalks of this cactus are the food plant of the

beetle. A very large Monilema was taken by Mr. R. E. Barrett

the same night on the base of one of the cactus stalks.

Thyce fossiger Csy. was taken in some numbers at Garden

Grove, California, flying about the fruit trees at dusk. The

punctuality with which these insects appear and disappear is

truly remarkable. During the middle of June the appearance

of the first Thyce can be timed to within three or four minutes

or less. Not more than, four minutes thereafter the flight is in

full swing, and lasts about twenty to twenty-five minutes, when

every individual disappears almost at once. The beetles fly very

rapidly, and circle about the tops of the trees. The females are

relatively scarce.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

A Note on the Parasitism of Hippodamia

BY A. C. DAVIS

During the month of July 1927, several cocoons of the lady-

bird parasite Dinocampus coccinellcs (Schrank) were collected

from pepper plants, and three or four adults were reared from

these. It is stated by those who have had experience with this

parasite that the ladybird is fastened to the leaf by the cocoon

and cannot get away, although it may live for several days.

That there may be exceptions to the rule was shown in one case

that came under my observation. The parasitized ladybird, a

small Hippodamia convergens var. ambigua Lee. was still alive

and fairly vigorous when found. The cocoon of the parasite

was carefully pulled free and placed in a vial. Being curipus

to see whether or not the ladybird would eventually recover,

and not having a second vial at hand, I placed it in the one

containing the cocoon, where it raced about with quick, jerky

movements that resembled those of a Buprestid more than those

of a Coccinellid. Upon encountering the cocoon it settled down

upon it and remained motionless.

During the next twenty-four hours the cocoon was taken

away from the ladybird several times, and each time the frantic

hunt was repeated. When found, the cocoon was grasped in all

six legs and turned from side to side, the maxillae stroking

its surface all the while. Being satisfied, the ladybird worked

its tarsi firmly into the loose silk of the cocoon and remained

motionless, sometimes on its back or side.

The last two or three times the ladybird was weak and had

to be persuaded to move. After twenty-four hours it was sep-

arated from the cocoon and given a leaf with some aphids upon

it, and eagerly devoured a number. From that time on it

behaved more normally. When the cocoon was encountered it

would be carefully felt over with the maxillae but not otherwise

touched. Though food and an occasional small drop of water

were given it, the ladybird died in eight days.

From the above case it appears that the captivity of the para-

sitized ladybird may be purely voluntary in some cases.

APRIL, 1928]

ESSIG VACATION BITERS

185

SOME VACATION BITERS

BY E. O. ESSIG

During my regular summer vacation at Upper Echo Lake,

altitude 7500 feet, in the El Dorado National Forest of El

Dorado County, in July 1927, I captured a number of insects

which specialize in making it uncomfortable for the members

of the human race who intrude upon their solitary places. Chief

of these tormentors is the Tahoe snow mosquito, Aedes com-

munis (De Geer) tahoensis Dyar, but since it is confidently

expected, its pestiferous presence is screened out or brushed

aside with only the usual unpublishable comments. There were

some others of the dipterous order, however, which brought

forth strong speech and violent actions on the part of the human

kind. A considerable series of specimens, which were not

slapped or otherwise beaten beyond recognition, were taken

with the express intention of getting their names and going into

print regarding their behavior. They were herded together into

a mailing box under the general title of “some vacation biters”

and forwarded to Dr. J. M. Aldrich of the National Museum

for identification, with the result that they are to be thus publicly

exposed.

The leptid flies, Symphoromyia pachyceras Williston and

.S', atripes Bigot, share in first place as biters. They are similar

in size, shape and color, but the former appears to have a pube-

scent abdomen while that of the latter is shiny. The length

averages from about 4.5 to 6 mm., and the color from bluish

gray to black. They assault you anywhere, but prefer to delay

the attack until you are comfortably seated in the shade under

a tree, or on the porch of or in your cabin. There is a buzz and

then a sharp bite before you can bring your free hand into play.

They also frequently appear on the trails, but seldom far from

the lake shores. I captured a nice series of both species on the

windows of my cabin during the latter part of July.

The yellow gnat, Prosimulium fulvum (Coquillett), was a

close second to the preceding pair, but never so numerous. It

struck you on the trails or when you were trying to work with

both hands and always got a bite before you could retaliate. It

is exceedingly quick to appear ; you hear a rather loud buzz and

before the noise ceases you know right where to hit, and he

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

always stays until properly flattened. During the past three

years it has indelibly stamped its appearance on my mind, but

it was not until this summer that I was sufficiently gentle to

secure specimens entire enough to permit of determination. The

fly is 4 mm. long, strongly humped, and of an even amber-

yellow color with dark eyes.

The deer fly, Chrysops surdus O, S., was always blustering

around you on the hot trails and seemed to delight in annoying

both man and beast. If you took off your hat to let out the

steam and to mop off the perspiration, one was sure to scramble

in among the hair or search out the bald spot as a place for

operations. Another species, however, determined as Chrysops

sp. near sordidus O. S., was even more abundant and trouble-

some. It is 9 mm. long, shining black, and has the wings heavily

clouded with black and two large orange spots on the sides at

the base of the abdomen.

Osburn’s tabanid, Tabanus osburni Hine, is a large velvety

black and gray species 12 to 13 mm. long, which will bite if

given half a chance, but its large size and loud buzzing make it

an easy prey for the suspecting entomologist.

A single specimen of an empid fly, Rhamphomyia sp., was so

quickly flattened against the back of my neck that I never knew

its exact purpose there. After one has become accustomed to

dealing with such aggressive and hungry individuals as those

already listed, he is not to be blamed if his action is timed

slightly ahead of the fly as in this particular case. I shall have

some more to tell you about them next fall.

NOTE

An outbreak of the silver-spotted halisidota, Halisidota

argentata Packard, is now (April 1, 1928), occurring along

the Noyo River, near Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Cali-

fornia. The caterpillars are practically full grown and are

present in great numbers. They are attacking chiefly the

Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.) and are defoliat-

ing young trees. — E. O. Essig.

APRIL, 1928]

COTTLE A RETROSPECT

187

ON THE WING— A RETROSPECT

BY JAMES E. COTTLE

San Francisco, California

Only recently, I stood one noonday at the intersection of

California and Mason streets in San Francisco County wait-

ing for a car. Around and about me roared the traffic of a great

city and on all sides arose tall monuments of steel and concrete.

On memory’s wing I was transported back in mind to over

fifty years ago — fifty-five to be exact. Still standing on the

selfsame spot, the same eyes mirroring the selfsame vista as it

then appeared, and my heart sank as I looked.

I was then a youngster, scarcely in my teens. Life and the

future all before me, like the city of that day and the city of

today. Time works its miracles in places as it does in persons.

The storied masonry of the present was then of humble

magnitude and simple architecture. Where now the marts of

commerce rear their heads were open fields and empty lots,

the hillsides then unmarked with rails and passing street cars.

And here was where I had in my boyish pranks hunted

butterflies. Where now the populace are playing tag and hop,

skip and jump with automobiles, and chasing the elusive nimble

dollar in the eternal, age-old game of “hide and seek.”

A car went by me as I mused, the one I had been waiting

for. I let it pass. So wrapped in retrospection, I was power-

less to break the spell.

Again I saw myself in later years with net in hand, pursu-

ing lazy, dusty-winged butterflies among the fragrant blue and

yellow lupins and remembered that it was in this same locality

and on the hillside lying between California, Pine and Stockton

streets and Grant Avenue, that dear old Dr. Herman Behr of

honored memory had first discovered the larva of Sarnia rubra

feeding upon the bushes of the Ceanothi, which then flourished

there. Search there now for either bushes or butterflies. Not

with the Lick telescope will you be rewarded by a trace of

either! Like the good Doctor they are of the past.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

How vividly do I recall my first activities and virgin efforts

in the pursuit of entomology, accompanied and tutored by my

esteemed friends. Dr. Behr and G. T. O. Mueller, scientists

and gentlemen, if ever there were such, both of whom have

long since laid down their nets and crossed the great Ridge,

over which we all must ourselves some day pass.

The spots I visited with them and others have been erased

forever by the city’s growth, and even the collecting grounds

in both the suburbs and surrounding counties have been ren-

dered sterile and worthless, from a collector’s standpoint by the

encroaching real estate man, the golf clubs and their members.

Hence it is the golfers, not the gophers, who work havoc and

destruction here to scientific research. The beauties of nature

are by and through them trampled under foot, destroyed,

defiled, eradicated. No architect, however gifted, has success-

fully competed with the plans of Mother Nature. I have men-

tioned only one collecting ground of those golden days. To

my mind as I am writing come the memories of others, all pro-

lific, all destroyed. They follow:

Mountain Lake, a garden spot of beauty in the close vicinity

of the Marine Hospital, covering a radius of two miles and

sprinkled over with scrub oak, willows, shrubbery of all kinds,

and the fragrant lupin. Here in this little Eden flew the varie-

ties of Danais plexippus, Melitcsa chalcedona, Phyciodes pra-

tensis, C alias eurytheme, Chrysophanus helloides, Pyrameis

atalanta, hunt era, cardui, caryce, Theda melinus, augustus,

dumetorum, Lyccena antiacis, sagittigera, xerces, mertila, pheres

and acmon, Anthocharis reakirti, sara and hyantis and numerous

Noctuidse, Geometridse and Bombycoidse.

Still another beauty spot and dear to the collector’s heart was

south of Golden Gate Park, that beautiful piece of landscape

covering one thousand and thirteen acres, in its five-mile length

and breadth of three miles. Much of the same material

could have been captured there, but alas, it is now built over

and magnificent houses have taken their places. Another fruit-

ful field for the entomologist was the Italian cemetery adjoin-

ing the Chinese burying ground and situated in the vicinity of

APRIL, 1928 ]

COTTLE A RETROSPECT

189

what is now known as Thirty-third Avenue and Clement Street.

Here the golfers reign, and the home and former haunts of

Merolonche lupeni and Arctia ornata, and ochracea and many

rare Grometridae are known to them no more.

Still another bounteous butterfly field was that land back of

the old Calvary cemetery where flew the rare little Synanthedon

polygoni and Hepialus sequoiolus. It was reported that Satyrus

sthenele was taken there, but as Mueller, Letcher and myself

hunted at all seasons of the year and were not successful in

seeing one single specimen, I doubt the accuracy of the report.

Another never-to-be-forgotten collecting ground lay in the

near vicinity of Lake Merced. One-half mile south of this lake,

one early June day I captured, “single-handed and alone,”

ninety-two Argynnis callippe. Melitcua editha could there be

taken by the hundred, as could also Papilio hirsuta in great

numbers. The first erasure of this field was caused by the

Italian vegetable venders, completed later by the Knights of the

Golf Stick.

On the slopes of the hills about a mile south of this lake was

a beautiful field, the home of Arctia edwardsi and many beau-

tiful Noctuidse. These slopes are near Ocean View and have

partly escaped the intruder, but for how long I know not. On

the slopes of the sand hills where now stands St. Joseph’s Hos-

pital, in the vicinity of Buena Vista and Park Hill avenues, at

present built over by beautiful homes, was another notable spot

where I often gathered cocoons of Sarnia rubra by the dozen

from the branches of Rhamnus calif arnica (Cascara) and larvse

of many species. In crossing the bay to Marin, Contra Costa

and other adjacent counties, similar conditions are met with.

Many of the old collecting grounds there also have been swept

away, but of these fields I will speak later.

In the meantime let us indulge the hope that on the other

Shore, wheresoever it be, that Behr, Letcher, Mueller, and in

fact all the old collectors who have preceded us across the Great

Divide, will have a location picked and nets - enough to go

around, when we shall join them there — but no golfing. — Aloha!

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. IV, NO. 4

TWO INTERESTING ADDITIONS TO THE

HEMIPTEROUS FAUNA OF

CALIFORNIA

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Hypogeocoris slevini Van Duzee, n. sp.

Larger than piceous Say. Black, eyes, anterior margin of

head and humeral angles of pronotum rufous, a large pale spot

on anterior margin of pronotum, elytra pale, legs and rostrum

honey-yellow. Length, 4 mm.

Head across the eyes distinctly broader than base of pronotum;

black, broadly rufotestaceous anteriorly either side the black tylus;

eyes and ocelli red; vertex polished, impressed median line of tylus

traceable nearly to base of vertex; ocelli placed midway between the

eyes and the median line. Antennae short and stout, black, sparingly

clothed with stiff brown hairs, segment I three-fourths the length of

III; 11 a little shorter than IV. Pronotum two-thirds as long as

wide, polished, with a few coarse scattered punctures which omit the

large transverse area including the callosities; black with a large

lunate area anteriorly and a cloud on each humerus ivory-yellow.

Scutellum equilateral, black, with a few large scattering punctures

that leave an obscure smooth median line. Elytra subhyaline, honey-

yellow, polished, with a few obscure punctures along the veins; thick-

ened scutellar margins of clavus and the ulnar vein medially black;

costal membrane expanded, nearly as wide as the clavus; membrane

hyaline, veins indistinct. Beneath black, polished, coarsely punctured

on the pleurae; acetabulae, anterior margin of prothorax, legs and

rostrum honey-yellow, the latter with a black line below; anterior

femora moderately incrassate, with a row of long stiff hairs below.

Holotype, a unique female. No. 2561, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.,

taken by Mr. L. S. Slevin, October 5, 1919, at Paraiso Springs,

Monterey County California. This is a very distinct species

that cannot be compared with any other known to me.

This insect pertains to genus Isthmocoris McAtee for which

Montondon had a year earlier founded the genus Hypogeocoris

with violaceous Sign, as type. Unfortunately this paper by

Montondon failed to reach me before the publication of my

catalogue. The Japanese Geocoris itonis Horv. (1905) also

belongs to this genus. It is a large and distinct species of which

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke took a specimen at Welsohn, Manchuria,

September 3, 1923. Geocoris sonoraensis V. D., like punctipes

Say, is intermediate between this genus and Geocoris, having

the anterior angle of the pronotum meeting the middle of the

eyes.

APRIL, 1928] VAN DUZEE NEW HEMIPTERA

191

Dictyssa mira Van Duzee, n. sp.

Unlike any other species known to me ; pale greenish ; elytra

subcoriaceous, brownish with an oblique row of partially hyaline

spots marked behind with fuscous, apex fuscous with a mar-

ginal row of semicircular pale spots. Length, 4.5 mm.

Male. Characters of head, pronotum and scutellum essentially

those of areolata Melich. but with the anterior edge of pronotum

rather less elevated; elytra thicker and more coriaceous than in the

allied species, the hyaline areas but imperfectly transparent; veins

thickened but not strongly differentiated.

Color greenish white; clypeus and legs tinged with fulvous; anterior

margin of scutellum with a transverse fuscous cloud each side of

center; antennae fuscous' or black, a spot above their base and one

behind the eye fuscous; elytra pale brown; basal half of costa and

the scutellar suture, a row of about five semicircular spots and an

oblique vitta, whitish, in places subhyaline; apex of the two larger

pale discal areoles blackish and there is a blackish mark at base;

apex broadly pale fuscous, the apex of the clavus more or less

fuscous.

Female darker, the colors more contrasting, the fuscous on the

elytra becoming black in places. Described from ten examples.

Holotype, male. No. 2562, and allotype, female. No. 2563,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and eight paratypes taken by E. P. Van

Duzee, August 23, 1924, two miles west of Mountain Springs,

San Diego County, California.

This is one of the larger species of the genus and very dis-

tinct by the more thickened elytra and its greenish white color,

with oblique fuscous and pale vittae, giving it much the aspect

of a small Clastoptera.

Desmocerus calif ornicus Horn. Several specimens, both

male and female, were taken on the elder (Sambucus glauca

Nutt.) during the latter part of April in and near Eaton Canyon

wash, near Pasadena, California. This species must occur in

some numbers near Laguna, as a number of emergence holes

were seen in the older trees there. D. calif ornicus is one of the

few species to which the saying “nothing is rare if you go to

the right place at the right time” cannot be applied. In a day

of looking over elder trees my largest bag has been eight speci-

mens and a “crick” in the back of my neck. The beetles do

not move fast and, once seen, may usually be secured without

much difficulty. — A. C. Davis.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

The California Academy of Sciences as well as the Pacific

Coast Entomological Society has sustained a sad loss in the

recent death of Mr. C. L. Fox. Mr. Charles Louis Fox was

born at Plymouth, England, June 12, 1869, and died at the

home of his brother. Dr. G. R. Fox, in London, England,

March 13, 1928. Coming to this country when a young man

he was first interested in orange growing at Riverside, Cali-

fornia. Later, removing to San Francisco, he became connected

with the accounting firm of Price Waterhouse and Company,

with whom he remained until the time of his death. After

coming to San Francisco he became interested in collecting

and studying the butterflies and formed a most excellent col-

lection of our Californian species, neatly mounted on glass

Denton mounts. This collection was acquired by the California

Academy of Sciences some time ago. About 1920 he took up

the collection and serious study of our western Hymenoptera,

amassing a large collection of these insects which he left by will

to the California Academy of Sciences. His systematic studies

were confined to the American Bembecidae and the genera

Pepsis and Nomada. On the latter genus his studies had only

begun when failing health obliged him to relinquish them and

to return to England to be with his relatives. Mr. Fox had a

most pleasing personality which won him the friendship and

love of all with whom he came in contact. A fuller biographical

sketch will be published later.

Prof. W. S. Blatchley of Indianapolis was a welcome visitor

at the California Academy of Sciences during a part of March

and April. While here he sorted over and put in order most

of the Academy’s collection of Orthoptera.

Mr. H. G. Barber, our well-known hemipterist of Roselle

Park, New Jersey, was another welcome visitor in April. Dur-

ing the week or two he spent in San Francisco he found time

to make a careful examination of a portion of the Academy’s

collection of Hemiptera and to do some collecting near this city,

including a trip to Yorkville, Mendocino County, as the guest

of Mr. E. R. Leach.

INDEX TO VOLUME IV

193

Acidalia balistaria Gn., 17.

hepaticaria Gn., 89.

purata Gn., 135.

Acmaegenius granicollis V. D.,

14.

Acmasodera cuprina Spin., 95.

kaupii Thom., 95.

Acoma, key to, 159.

confusa V. D., 160.

robusta V. D., 159.

Aedes, control of, 177.

Aegialia, 151.

Agrotis anteposita Gn., 1.

miniptica Dyar, 8.

Alaudes, key to, 147.

alternata Fall, 148.

fallax Fall, 149.

setigera Blaisd., 147.

squamosa Blaisd., 148.

singularis Horn, 149.

testacea Blaisd., 150.

Amphicoma Latr., 161.

Anculopus V. D., 12.

foveatus V. D., 13.

Andrena, see Megandrena.

Anoplium albofasciatum Lnll.,

183.

Aphis sorensoni Knltn., 169.

Aphodius, partial key to, 152.

cadaverinus Mann., 154.

martini V. D., 153.

slevini V. D., 155.

Arctidas, 87.

Aradus coarctatus Heid., 68.

depictus V. D., 68.

Asthene lucata Gn., 6.

Ataenius carolinus V. D., 157.

cribratus V. D., 156.

semipilosus V. D., 158.

Australian Insects, 36.

Barber, H. G., personals, 192.

Barnes and Benjamin, papers by,

1, 4, 6, 10, 17, 18, 39, 67, 87,

89, 120, 133.

Barrett, R. E., paper by, 173.

Benedict, W., paper by, 44, 90.

Blaisdell, F. E., paper by, 49, 163.

Blatchley, W. S., personals, 192.

Brachypteromyia, Wlstn., 140.

Bremidae of Oregon, 69, 121.

Brisley, H. R., papers by, 54, 114.

Cactophagus validus Lee., 183.

Callidium hardyi V. D., 112.

pallidum V. D., Ill, 172.

vancouverense V. D., 65.

Campbell, R. E., paper by, 77.

Celery leaf-tyer, 77.

Cellerio g. intermedia Kby., 136.

Cerambycidse, 61.

Ceramica rubefacta Morr., 3.

Choerodes incurvata Gn., 10.

Chrysomelidse, 54, 114.

Chrysops surdus O. S., 186.

Cockerell, T. D. A., paper by, 41.

Coelocnemis barretti Blaisd., 163.

tanneri Blaisd., 164.

Cole, F. R., note by, 29.

Comadia polingi B. and B., 67.

Cosmia orina Gn., 89.

Cottle, J. E., paper by, 187.

Crambus rotarellus Dyar, 9.

Criocerini, 116.

Criocerus asperagi Linn., 117.

Cymbiodyta Bedel, 26.

acuminata Fall, 28.

blanchardi Horn, 28.

dorsalis Mots., 27.

fimbriata Mels., 28.

fraterculus Sharp, 27.

imbellis Lee., 27.

lacustris Lee., 29.

minima Not., 28.

morata Horn, 27.

punctatostriata Horn, 26.

rotunda Say, 27.

vindicata Fall, 28.

Davis, A. C., papers by, 183, 184.

Desmia pantalis Dyar, 9.

Desmocerus cribripennis Horn,

63.

californicus Horn, 191.

Dichelonyx pallens Lee., 165.

Dictyssa mira V. D., n. sp., 191.

Dinapate wrighti Horn, 143.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

VOL. IV, NO. 4

Diplocysta opipara Drake, 18.

Doane and Steinweden, paper by,

85.

Drake, C. J., paper by, 18.

Dyar, H. G., paper by, 7.

Elaphria grata Hbn., 89.

Embaphion c. blaisdelli Bndt.,

46, 90.

Enochrus Thoms, key to, 19.

blatchleyi Fall, 22.

californicus Horn, 22.

cinctus Say, 22.

conjunctus Fall, 23.

consors Lee., 22.

curialis Knisch, 20.

diffusus Lee., 23.

hamiltoni Horn, 23.

nebulosus Say, 21.

nigrellus Sharp, 21.

oehraeeus Mels., 20.

peetoralis Lee., 21.

perplexus Lee., 22.

reflexipennis Zimm., 23.

sublongus Fall, 20.

Eripoyga lathen Dyar, 7.

Essig, E. O., notes by, 128, 186.

Essig, E. O., papers by, 185.

Eucymatoyge obliquiplaga Dyar,

Eumerus narcissi Sm., 139.

strigatus Fall., 29, 139.

tuberculatus Rond., 29, 139.

Eumichthus oedipus Lee., 62.

Euparagia scutellaris Cr., 38.

Eurymene emargataria Gn., 135.

Fall, H. C., paper by, 145.

Ferris, G. F., paper by, 140.

Fox, C. L., paper by, 103.

Fox, C. L., personals, 48, 96.

Fox, necrology, 192.

Freeborn, S. B., paper by, 177.

Glaresis clypeata V. D., 162.

Gunder, J. D., paper by, 97.

Hadena, 1.

lutra Gn., 1.

rasilis Morr., 89.

Hadronema uhleri V. D., 182.

Halisidota argentata Pack., 186.

m. texana Roths., 87.

Hardy and Preece, paper by, 61.

Hatch, M. H., paper by, 175.

Heliothrips bromi Mltn., 31.

gossypii Mltn., 32.

Helobata Bergr., 25.

striata Brulle, 25.

Helocharae, 19.

Helochares Muls., 23.

maculicollis Mels., 24.

normatus Lee., 24.

sellae Sharp, 24.

Helocombus Horn, 29.

bifidus Lee., 29.

Helmis koebelei Mrtn., 68.

Hemihyalea argillacea Roths., 87.

Herms, W. B., paper by, 91.

Hippodamia c. ambigua Lee., 184.

Holland, W. J., personals, 48.

Homoanarta carneola Sm., 18.

Hubbell, T. H., note by, 132.

Hungerford, H. B., paper by,

94, 119.

Hydrobaticus McL., 24.

Hydriomena pluviata Gn., 134.

Hypogeocoris slevini V. D., 190.

Hyssia stellipars Dyar, 7.

Jones, W. W., note by, 142.

Kalotermes minor Hagen, 95.

Keifer, H. H., paper by, 129.

Knowlton, G. F., paper by, 169.

Lema, key to, 117.

trilineata Oliv., 118.

Lepiodes scolopacinarius Gn.,

133.

Leucotmemis pardalimacula

Dyar, 10.

Linsley, G., note by, 181.

Liothrips varicornis Hood, 35.

Listrus medicatus Blaisd., 52.

INDEX TO VOLUME IV

195

Lumetus Zaitz, 20.

Macrosiphum packi Knltn., 169.

Mamestra brassicse Auct., 2.

lubens Grt., 2.

rufula Morr., 2.

vindemialis Grt., 3.

Martin, J. O., paper by, 68.

Martin, J. O., personals, 48.

Massaridae, 38.

Megandrena Ckll., 42.

enceliae Ckll., 43.

Melanophila consputa Lee., 113.

Mellissodes mysops Ckll., 176.

Melyridse, 49.

Membracidse, Catalogue, 40.

Mesembragrotis B. and B., 4.

ruckesi B. and B., 4.

Methydrus Rey, 19.

Micra recta Gn., 39.

Micrixys mexicanus V. D., 93.

Microscapha, key to, 174.

californica Barrt., 173.

Molorchus longicollis Lee., 64.

Mormidea prominula Dali., 128.

Moulton, D., paper by, 30.

Myiophthiria fimbriata Wstw.,

140.

Mythimna maryx Gn., 2.

Nacopa B. and B., 5.

melanderi B. and B., 5.

Necydalis cavipennis Lee., 64.

Neomyzus masoni Knltn., 170.

New York List of Insects, 144.

Nothorhina aspera Lee., 61.

Notonecta m. ceres Kldy., 119.

m. hades Kldy., 119.

Oarisma era Dyar, 7.

Odontothrips californicus Mltn.,

34.

Ogdoconta carneola Sm., 18.

Opsimus 4-lineatus Mann., 62.

Orsodacna Latr., 55.

Pachypolia acutissima Grt., 3.

anceps Steph., 3.

Palmacorixa mexicana Hngfd.,

94.

Perizoma osculata Hist., 120.

Phloeophagus californicus V. D.,

16.

canadensis V. D., 17.

Phlyctaenia rubicalis Gn., 77.

Phymatodes seneus Lee., 65.

vulneratus Lee., 181.

Phytonomus quadricollis Lee.,

142.

Pissodes ochraceus V. D., 12.

robustus V. D., 11.

Platycerus, key to, 105.

aeneus V. D., 109.

agassizi Lee., 108.

d. cribripennis V. D., 107.

depressus Lee., 107.

keeni Csy., 111.

laticollis Csy., 110.

latus Fall, 110.

opacus Fall, 110.

oregonensis Wstw., 108.

quercus Web., 108.

Polia, 2.

buseki B. and B., 5.

confragosa Morr., 3.

glaucopis Hamp., 2.

medialis Grt., 3.

polymita Auct., 3.

Prosimulium fulvum Coq., 185.

Pseudacontia tricircula Dyar, 8.

Pseudomasaris vespoides Cr., 39.

Pygarctia fusca Roths., 87.

oslari Roths., 87.

Recurvaria ceanothiella Brn., 129.

francisca Kfr., 130.

Review notices, 40, 48, 144.

Rhaphium calcaratum V. D., 167.

fuscicosta V. D., 167.

obtusum V. D., 166.

Rhadine longicollis Bendt., 44, 90.

Rhopalandrothrips comi Mltn.,

34.

Rice bugs, 128.

Ripersia arenaria D. and S., 85.

196

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

•VOL. IV, NO. 4

San Francisco recollections, 187.

Saperda calcarata Say, 66.

Scullen, H. A., papers by, 69,

121, 176.

Sicya sistenda Dyar, 8.

Sinodendron, key to, 175.

Smith, H. S., paper by, 36.

Smith, L. M., paper by, 137.

Solubea insularis St., 128.

Stenocorus vestitus Hald., 62.

Stictiella terlinguae Fox, 103.

Strangalia obliterata Hald., 62.

Symphoromyia pachycerus Wist.,

185.

Syneta Lac., 58.

albida Lee., 59.

carinata Mann., 59.

hamata Horn, 59.

s. minuta Brsly., 60.

simplex Lee., 60.

Tabanus osburni Hine, 186.

punctifer O. S., 91.

Thyce fossiger Csy., 183.

squamicollis Lee., 174.

Thysanoptera, 30.

Tibicen Latr., 47.

Titus, E. G., personals, 92.

Toxonothrips Mltn., 30.

gramineae Mltn., 30.

Trichalophus brunneus V. D., 15.

foveirostris Chit., 16.

Trichochrous albertensis Blaisd.,

50.

conformis Lec., 49.

fieldi Blaisd., 51.

suturalis Lee., 49.

Tricolema Cr., 55.

Ulochaetes leoninus Lee., 64.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 40,

68, 136.

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by, 47,

182, 190.

Van Duzee, personals, 48.

Van Duzee, M. C., paper by, 166.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 95,

113, 172, 174.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 11,

93, 105, 151.

Van Dyke, E. C., personals, 48.

Williams, F. X., paper by, 38.

Winters, F. C., paper by, 19.

Wymore, F. H., paper by, 143.

Xeralictus Ckll., 41.

timberlakei Ckll., 42.

Xestoleptura crassipes Lee., 63.

Xylotrechus undulatus Say, 66.

Zerene Hbn., 97.

caesonia Stoll, 100.

eurydice Bdv., 98.

c. immaculsecunda, Gnd., 102.

e. lineainita Gnd., 101.

e. masumbrosus Gnd., 100.

Zeugophora, key to, 114.

abnormis Lee., 114.

calif ornica Cr., 115.

neomexicana Schf., 115.

scutellaris Suff., 115.

varians Cr., 114.

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