Vol. 55 JANUARY 1979 No. 1

THE

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

RUSSELL—Beetles Associated With Slime Molds (Mycetozoa) in Oregon and Cali-

fornia (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Sphindidae, Lathridiidae)

SMITH—tThe Larval Stage of Hydropsyche separata Banks (Trichoptera: Hydropsy-

ClO EVS} R121 hy powell OG ety lS eae Slee tee aa | a Ona meee eee Te Foy SL 10

LEWIS—A List of the Cerambycidae From the Hualapai Mountains, Mojave County,

Aud zat (COL Op leita) aitaw soleil os Sela ee De Ta a I Sg ES Pak

DENNING and BLICKLE—New Species of Helicopsyche (Trichoptera: Helicop-

Sy CONG) eth ei Oe oss, | CE eee | ia eer ee BN ees Leen tia ee 27

GORDH and TRJAPITZIN—Notes on the Genus Zaomma Ashmead, With a Key to

Species(byinenoplehasilmeMcy rida). cease) eae ee eh te es PES 34

HOWELL—Studies of Dasytidae No. 1: New Species of Pristocelis (Coleoptera)_______- 4]

POLHEMUS—A New Species of Stridulivelia From Mexico, and a New Subgenus From

MiddileAmencancHemiptera: Velitddc). 7 sae a a Pie ir ee ak ae Se 46

PARKER—A New Proteriades With Distributional Notes and a Key to its Subgenus

CHopitima)(lvanenoptera yviegachilidaé): 22...) 2 55 Se ere eee Sif

KORMILEV—A New Apterous Species of Aradidae From Kenya (Hemiptera) __________ 57

JOHNSON—New Host Records for Acanthoscelides (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)____________ 61

SORE NURS NOES sate 27) SNA ee 2 ai EAP a Ay Bae eae 20, 83850872, 73

COMMITTEES of the PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY_______-__-_____ Te

PROCEEDINGS of the PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY -____-_-__-__- 1D

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ° 1979

Published by the PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

in cooperation with THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 1-9

BEETLES ASSOCIATED WITH SLIME MOLDS (MYCETOZOA)

IN OREGON AND CALIFORNIA

(COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE, SPHINDIDAE, LATHRIDIIDAE)

LOREN K. RUSSELL

Dept. of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331

Although the slime molds (Mycetozoa, or Myxomycetes) are an abundant

and remarkably isolated group of organisms (Olive, 1975), there has been

little recognition in the American literature of a beetle faunule adapted to

feed on mycetozoan fruiting structures. This omission is likely due to most

entomologists being unfamiliar with slime molds, which are often minute

and often resemble certain types of true Fungi. The present paper records

11 species of beetles found by the author in four genera of slime molds in

Oregon, and two beetle species found in two slime molds in California. This

‘“‘guild’’ is compared with previously reported beetle associates of myce-

tozoans, principally those compiled from the European literature by Benick

(1952).

Beetles have been collected in the following mycetozoans: Fuligo septica

(Gmelin) and Reticularia lycoperdon (Ehrenb.), both occurring as massive

compound sporangia (aethalia), and Arcyria denudata (L.) and Stemonitis

spp., which occur as dense and sometimes extensive patches of stalked

sporangia. Lycogala epidendrum (L.) has been cited as a host for Sphindus

spp. in Europe, but I have found no beetles in two collections of this puff-

ball-like species (Benton County, Oregon). Andrews (1977) has given the

only published records of North American beetles from Fuligo and Arcyria

and I have seen no American records for Reticularia as a host. Only a few

definite records are available for beetles from other mycetozoan genera

(Table 1).

Collections of Fuligo from widely separated Oregon localities have yield-

ed 10 beetle species: Sphindus crassulus Csy. and Odontosphindus clavi-

cornis Csy. (Sphindidae); Enicmus cordatus Belon (Lathridiidae); Aniso-

toma confusa Horn, Anisotoma errans Brown, Anisotoma nevadensis

Brown, Agathidium contiguum Fall, Agathidium pulchrum LeC., Agathi-

dium brevisternum Fall, and Agathidium californicum Horn (Leiodidae).

As many as three species of beetles have been found in a single aethalium.

These collections include the first Oregon records for the family Sphindidae.

(Collection records are listed separately below.)

Most of the Fuligo associated beetles were found in mature, dry aethalia,

Table 1.

13.

16.

Beetle

. Oxytelus tetracarinatus

(Block)

Xantholinus punctulatus

Paykull

Quedius cruentus (Olivier)

Q. mesomelinus (Marsham)

Philonthus fimetarius

(Gravenhorst)

Atheta amicula (Stephens)

A. aterrima (Gravenhorst)

A. fungicola (Thomson)

A. inoptata (Sharp)

A. oblita (Erichson)

. Bacanius rhombophorus Aube

. Agathidium confusum Bristol

. A. rhinoceros Sharp

. A. seminulum (Linne)

A. sphaerula Reitter

A. pulchrum LeConte

Beetle family

Staphylinidae

Histeridae

Leiodidae

Previously reported and new records of beetles associated with slime-molds.

Slime mold!

Reticularia olivacea

(Ehrenburg)

R. olivacea

. olivacea

Fuligo septica (Linne)

Reticularia lycoperdon

(Bullard)

R. lycoperdon

Arcyriu denudata (Linne)

Fuligo septica

Reticularia lycoperdon

Arcyria denudata”

Reticularia lycoperdon

Stemonitis sp.

Fuligo septica

Arcyria denudata

DARAAA

Slime mold

family!

Reticulartidae

Reticulariidae

Reticulartidae

Reticulariidae

Reticulartidae

Physaridae

Reticulariidae

Trichiidae

Physaridae

Reticulariidae

Trichiidae

Reticulariidae

Stemonitidae

Physaridae

Trichiidae

Reference

Benick (1952)

Benick

Hatch (1957)

PRESENT PAPER

PRESENT

LSIDO'IOWOLNY OMIOVd-NVd

Table 1. Continued.

Slime mold

Beetle Beetle family Slime mold! family! Reference

17. A. rotundulum Mannerheim Leiodidae A. denudata Trichiidae PRESENT

18. A. californicum Horn Leiodidae Fuligo septica Physaridae PRESENT

19. A. brevisternum Fall Leiodidae F. septica Physaridae PRESENT

20. A. contiguum Fall Leiodidae F. septica Physaridae PRESENT

21. Amphicyllis globiformis Leiodidae slime mold y Benick

Sahlberg

22. Anisotoma axillaris Leiodidae Reticularia lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

Gyllenhal

23. A. castanea Herbst Leiodidae R. lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

Fuligo septica Physaridae Benick

24. A. glabra Kugel Leiodidae slime mold ? Benick

25. A. humeralis Fabricius Leiodidae Reticularia lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

26. A. orbicularis Herbst Leiodidae R. lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

27. A. confusa Horn Leiodidae Fuligo septica Physaridae PRESENT

28. A. errans Brown Leiodidae F. septica Physaridae PRESENT

29. A. nevadensis Brown Leiodidae F. septica Physaridae PRESENT

30. Thymalus limbatus (Fabricius) Ostomidae Reticularia lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

31. Reveliera californica Fall Lathridiidae Arcyria versicolor Phillips Trichiidae Andrews (1977)

32. Enicmus cordatus Belon Lathridiidae Fuligo septica Physaridae PRESENT

Stemonitis sp. Stemonitidae Hatch, PRESENT

33. E. tenuicornis LeConte Lathridiidae Stemonitis axifera Stemonitidae PRESENT

(Bullard)

34. E. fungicola Thomson Lathridiidae Reticularia lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

35. E. rugosus (Herbst) Lathridiidae Fuligo septica Physaridae Benick

Reticularia lycoperdon Reticulariidae Benick

I WAGWON “6s ANNTIOA

Table 1. Continued.

Beetle

36. E. testaceus (Stephens)

37. C. consimilis (Mannerheim)

38. E. hirtus Gyllenhal

39. E. minutus (Linne)

40. Lathridius nodifer Westwood

41. Aspidophorus lareyniei Duval

42. A. orbiculatis Gyllenhal

43. Odontosphindus clavicornis

Casey

44. O. denticollis (LeConte)

45. Sphindus crassulus Casey

46. S. dubius Gyllenhal

47. S. grandis Hampe

Beetle family

Lathridiidae

Sphindidae

Slime mold!

R. lycoperdon

slime mold

Reticularia lycoperdon

Fuligo septica

Stemonitis sp.

slime mold (?)

Fuligo septica

Lycogala epidendrum (Linne)

Fuligo septica

Reticularia lycoperdon

slime mold

Lycogala sp.

Slime mold

family!

Reticulariidae

Reticulartidae

Physaridae

Stemonitidae

Physaridae

Liceidae

Physaridae

Reticulariidae

Liceidae

Reference

Benick

Andrews, PRESENT

Hatch (1962)

Frost (1947)?

PRESENT

Benick

Crowson (1955)

1 The nomenclature used is after Martin and Alexopoulos (1969), but names are given according to zoological usage, as in Olive (1975).

? Benick gives this host as Trichia cinnabara, a synonym of Arcyria denudata (Martin and Alexopoulos, 1969).

3 Frost does not cite this as a slime mold; this interpretation is highly likely from his description.

LSIDOTONOLNY OIIDVd-NVd

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 5

but the Anisotoma species have been taken more frequently in moist spec-

imens which were transforming from the plasmodial phase. The lathridiids

and sphindids were found throughout the powdery spore-bearing tissue of

aethalia which varied in size from 3 cm to 10-15 cm diameter. The Fuligo

specimens lacked evident entrance holes, which suggests that most of the

beetles had developed in situ. Two lathridiid larvae were found with E.

cordatus in 1 sample of Fuligo, and larvae and pupae of O. clavicornis were

dissected from another Fuligo specimen. No insects other than the beetles

mentioned were observed in any samples of F. septica.

Stemonitis spp. have also yielded both adults and larvae of Enicmus.

Twenty-two adult E. tenuicornis LeC. were collected from a 3 cm wide

patch of Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) under loose bark of a Lithocarpus log in

Amador County, California. Several larvae were found with the adult E.

tenuicornis and two were reared to the adult stage. Many E. cordatus were

taken from a Stemonitis (species indet.) under oak bark in Benton County,

Oregon.

A large collection of Arcyria denudata (L.) found on the Oregon coast in

November, yielded adults of Agathidium pulchrum LeC. and Agathidium

rotundulum Mann., as well as Agathidium larvae on and among the spo-

rangia. Two Agathidium rotundulum adults were reared from larvae in this

collection. A second collection of Arcyria denudata from near San Bernar-

dino, California contained three adult Agathadium pulchrum.

Of the 12 beetle species listed above, only Agathidium pulchrum is known

to be a general fungivore; I have found adults and larvae of this species in

Oregon on the ‘‘oyster mushroom,” Pleurotus ostreatus group, and on a

jelly fungus, Tremella mesenterica (S. F. Gray) Pers., both of which are

Basidiomycetes. I have also seen a specimen of Agathidium pulchrum la-

belled ‘‘on slime mold plasmodium’’ from King County, Washington (D.V.

McCorkle, collector). Enicmus cordatus has been recorded from Neotoma

nest, under bark, and in willow duff (Hatch, 1962), but it is my view (sup-

ported by F. G. Andrews, personal communication) that Mycetozoa are the

usual breeding substrate for this species and perhaps for all Enicmus species

in western North America. Odontosphindus clavicornis has been collected

from the slime mold Stemonitis sp. in British Columbia (Hatch, 1962), and

Andrews (1977) also records it from Arcyria versicolor Phill. and F. septica

in California; no useful host records are available for the other beetle species

above. Agathidium rotundulum and Agathidium brevisternum are relatively

abundant in Berlese extracts from forest litter and may also be general

fungivores; since Anisotoma spp. and the sphindids are rarely encountered

except in flight (including light-trap collections), their occurrence in myce-

tozoans as reported here is likely to be obligatory. All the beetles listed here

are related to beetles in Europe which are indicated as slime mold specialists

(Benick, 1952).

6 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Comparison with Known Insect Associates of Mycetozoa

The only available faunal area to compare with these West Coast slime

mold beetles is Europe. There, as in North America, the best-documented

association of a beetle taxon with Mycetozoa is for the Sphindidae. Benick

(1952) lists four species of Sphindus and Aspidophorus from mycetozoans

of the genera Lycogala and Reticularia (but also, less frequently from a

few polypore and agaric fungi among the Basidiomycetes). Crowson (1955)

stated that both British genera (Sphindus, Aspidophorus) ‘‘as far as known,

feed exclusively on Mycetozoa.”’

In contrast, most American authors have characterized the Sphindidae as

‘‘dry-fungus beetles.’’ Arnett (1963) for instance, indicates their habitat as

being ‘‘in dry fungi, mostly shelf fungi on tree trunks and old logs.’’ Aside

from Hatch’s (1962) record of Odontosphindus clavicornis on the slime

mold Stemonitis, the only interpretable American host records for sphindids

are those of Frost (1947) of Sphindus americanus in association with cisid

species on ‘‘small, crowded, woody fungi,’’ which may be the basidiomy-

cete Polyporus versicolor or a similar species, and of Odontosphindus den-

ticollis (LeC.) (as Eurysphindus denticollis) in a ‘‘flat, brown fungus of a

soft smut-like consistency.’’ The latter description is rather obviously of a

mycetozoan. The usual occurrence of O. clavicornis in slime molds, and

my single record of Sphindus crassulus in Fuligo further increase the prob-

ability that this host association is usual, if not exclusive, in the Sphindidae.

While observations of sphindids apparently feeding on polypore fungi can-

not be completely discounted, they may have been confounded by the fre-

quent occurrence of mycetozoan plasmodia in old polypore sporocarps

(Martin and Alexopoulos, 1969). The common application of the term “‘poly-

pore’’ to almost any dry or woody sporocarp also makes acceptance of such

records questionable.

The other genera of beetles reported here from slime molds are also prob-

able mycetozoan specialists. All of the seven species of Anisotoma and six

species of Enicmus in Benick’s list of European mycophagous beetles have

been reported from slime molds. In most cases this is the usual or exclusive

substrate, although Enicmus species are rather often cited from hosts among

the true Fungi. Benick also reported four of 19 listed species of Agathidium

from slime molds; the host restrictions in this genus vary at the species

level. Of the European beetle genera commonly cited from mycetozoan

hosts, only Amphicyllis (Leiodidae) is missing from my collections; this

genus does not occur in North America.

Although I found different species on Fuligo and on Arcyria, there is no

good evidence of specialization on particular mycetozoan hosts. In part I

have observed a seasonal effect, for Enicmus and the Sphindidae are evi-

dently adapted to very xeric conditions, while the Leiodidae require more

moisture, and are (in the Pacific Northwest) more typically active in cool,

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 7

moist weather. The aethalia containing Anisotoma and Agathidium were

usually located in moist sites under bark or on the surface in deep shade,

while Enicmus and Odontosphindus were often found in very exposed sites.

The mycetozoans listed as hosts in Table 1 belong to four of the five orders

of Myxogastria (the true slime molds) recognized by Oliver (1975); it is likely

that all slime mold sporangia of sufficient size are subject to attack by bee-

tles.

It is probable that most or all of the Coleoptera specializing on myceto-

zoans feed on the spores; Andrews (1977) has found this to be the case for

the lathridiid Reveliera californica Fall. The basis for the differentiation of

Mycetozoa as a coleopteran food-niche may be nutritional, or be related to

the rapid desiccation of the slime mold. The slime mold fauna is clearly

derived from mycophagous taxa, even though the Mycetozoa are best re-

garded as colonial Protozoa not directly related to the true Fungi (Olive,

1975). It is interesting to note that this speciality can be observed among

the Coleoptera at the family (Sphindidae), genus (Anisotoma, Enicmus), and

species (Agathidium, in part) taxonomic levels.

Aside from beetles the Diptera appear to be the only important insect

associates of slime molds. Buxton (1954) bred 16 species of flies, repre-

senting 10 families, from mycetozoans. These included several apparent

slime mold specialists, as well as a number of common saprozoic species

which feed on rotting plasmodia. The absence of fly-infested material from

my collections presumably accounts for the lack of predatory, mycetophi-

lous staphylinids in my list, in contrast to those cited by Benick (1952).

Collection Data

Fuligo septica (Gmelin)

Oregon: Benton County. a) MacDonald State Forest, VII-18-75, Loren

Russell Collector. 1 aethalium on Douglas fir stump: Odontosphindus clav-

icornis Csy. (10 specimens), Sphindus crassulus Csy. (1), Enicmus cordatus

Bel. (14). Many beetles escaped. b) Marys Peak, 610 m elevation, V-8-77,

Loren Russell. 1 aethalium on small branch: Anisotoma errans Brown (5).

c) Marys Peak, 610 m, V-3-88, Loren Russell. | moist aethalium on stump.

Agathidium pulchrum LeConte (1), Agathidium brevisternum Fall (1).

Marion County. Mt. Jefferson Wilderness Area, 10 km SE Breitenbush

Hot Springs, 600 m, VIIJ-24-75, Bill Frost. 1 moist aethalium on Douglas fir

stump: Anisotoma confusa Horn (12).

Jefferson County. a) 8 km N Suttle Lake, 930 m, VIII-9-75, Loren Russell.

3 aethalia on ponderosa pine litter on old log: O. clavicornis (38 adults, 5

pupae, 2 larvae), E. cordatus (3), Anisotoma errans Brown (2). b) Metolius

River area, 900-950 m, V-28-76, Loren Russell and P. J. Johnson. Aethalia

under bark of ponderosa pine stumps: O. clavicornis (7), E. cordatus (3),

8 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Anisotoma confusa (4). c) Dark Lake, [X-14-77, G. L. Peters. Several ae-

thalia. O. clavicornis (1), E. cordatus (5), Agathidium contiguum Fall (47),

unidentified leiodid (2).

Crook County. Bandit Springs Wayside, 1 km SW Ochoco Summit, 1380

m, V-29-76, P. J. Johnson. 1 aethalium under pine bark: Anisotoma confusa

(2), Agathidium californicum Horn (1).

Wheeler County, Ochoco Divide Campground, 1350 m, VII-16-77, Loren

Russell. 2 fresh aethalia on Douglas fir log: Anisotoma nevadensis Brown

(14), Agathidium contiguum (4), O. clavicornis (43).

Klamath County. Lake of the Woods, 1500 m, VII-20-75, Loren Russell. 5

small aethalia on pine litter: E. cordatus (34).

Reticularia lycoperdon (Ehrenb.)

Oregon: Crook County. Maury Mtns., Drake Butte, 1890 m, VII-25-76,

Loren Russell. 1 old eroded aethalium, 1 fresh aethalium on cut surface of

pine stump: E. cordatus (18).

Arcyria denudata (L.)

Oregon: Tillamook County. Cascade Head, Nature Conservancy Trail, XI-

21-75, Loren Russell. One 30 < 5 cm patch of eroded sporangia on side of

red alder log: Agathidium pulchrum (3), Agathidium rotundulum Manner-

heim (1 adult, 2 others reared from larvae on this sample).

Linn County. 5 km SE Jordan, VII-2-77, Loren Russell. In moist cavity of

rotted maple stump: Agathidium pulchrum (7).

California: Los Angeles County. Mt. San Antonio, IV-27-76, Loren Rus-

sell. Small patch of sporangia on log buried in river bar: Agathidium pul-

chrum (3).

Stemonitis axifera (Bull.)

California: Amador County. 2 km E Jackson, V-4-76, Loren Russell. 3 cm

patch of sporangia under loose bark of Lithocarpus: Enicmus tenuicornis

LeConte (22 adults, several larvae).

Stemonitis sp. indet.

Oregon: Benton County. a) MacDonald State Forest, VIII-21-76, G. L.

Peters. Under bark of oak log: E. cordatus (18). b) Same locality and host,

VI-26-77 Loren Russell E. cordatus (3).

Acknowledgments

I am grateful for the initial help with the Mycetozoa given by Bill Denison

of the Dept. of Botany, Oregon State University. Some slime mold identi-

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 9

fications were checked by Donald Kowalski, Chico State College, Califor-

nia; the lathridiids were determined by Fred Andrews, California Dept. of

Agriculture, and the sphindids identified by J. F. Lawrence, Harvard Uni-

versity.

Literature Cited

Andrews, F. G. 1977. A new species of Fuchsina Fall with notes on some California Lath-

ridiidae. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 52: 339-347.

Arnett, R. H., Jr. 1963. The beetles of the United States. Catholic Univ. of America Press,

Washington, D.C. xii + 1112 pp.

Benick, L. 1952. Pilzkafer und Kaferpilze. Acta Zool. Fenn. 70: 1-250.

Buxton, P. A. 1954. British Diptera associated with fungi. 2. Diptera bred from Myxomycetes.

Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A) 29: 163-171.

Crowson, R. A. 1955. The natural classification of the families of Coleoptera. Nathaniel Lloyd,

London. 187 pp.

Frost, C. A. 1947. Sphindidae and Cisidae. Psyche 54: 180.

Hatch, M. H. 1957. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part II. Staphyliniformia. Univ. of

Washington Press, Seattle. iv + 384 pp.

Hatch, M. H. 1962. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part III. Pselaphidae and Diversi-

cornia I. Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle. ix + 503 pp.

Martin, G. W., and C. J. Alexopoulos. 1969. The Myxomycetes. Univ. of Iowa Press, Iowa

City. 560 pp.

Olive, L. S. 1975. The Mycetozoans. Academic Press, New York. 293 pp.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 10-20

THE LARVAL STAGE OF HYDROPSYCHE SEPARATA BANKS

(TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE)

DOUGLAS SMITH

Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0WO

There is some confusion concerning the name used for the species which

Banks (1936) described under the name Aydropsyche separata Banks.

Banks (1936) described the male of H. separata and Denning (1943) de-

scribed the female, illustrated the female genitalia and provided a more

complete drawing of the male genitalia of this species. Ross and Spencer

(1952) suggested H. separata described from North America was a synonym

of the European species Hydropsyche guttata Pictet. Ross (1965), in a pri-

marily zoogeographical paper, stated that H. guttata and H. separata were

distinct species. Personal communications with other Trichoptera taxono-

mists and the published literature (e.g., Baumann and Winget, 1975), how-

ever, indicate that the name H. guttata is still used to refer to the species

A. separata.

Discussion

Dr. Hans Malicky (from the Biologische Station Lunz, Lunz, Austria)

kindly sent me male specimens of H. guttata and I sent him males of H.

separata. After comparing these two species we concluded that they are

distinctly different (even the number of tibial spurs differ in the males). This

conclusion supports Ross’s (1965) view that the species H. guttata and H.

separata are separate species and that the name H. guttata should not be

used to refer to the species H. separata which Banks described in 1936.

Ross (1965) suggested that H. separata and H. guttata are daughter

species of a common ancestor but Dr. Malicky (pers. comm., 1977) found

that, based on male specimens, H. separata is more closely related to a

European species which he had recently described (Malicky, 1977), Hydro-

psyche bulgaromanorum Malicky, than to H. guttata.

Dr. A. P. Nimmo (oral comm., 1978) notes that the species Hydropsyche

corbeti Nimmo which he described (Nimmo, 1966) may be a synonym of

Hydropsyche separata. The drawing of the male genitalia of H. separata

in Denning (1943) and the male genitalia of specimens of H. separata which

I examined are extremely similar to the drawings of the male genitalia of H.

corbeti presented by Nimmo (1966). Since I have not, as yet, examined the

type of H. corbeti, I can only state that my observations on the close

VOLUME 55, NUMBER I 11

similarity of the genitalia of H. corbeti and H. separata suggest Nimmo is

correct in regarding H. corbeti as a possible synonym of H. separata.

The Larval Stage of Hydropsyche separata

The most distinctive features of the H. separata larva are the pattern on

the dorsum of the head, the prominent bump on the meson of the anterior

margin of the anterior ventral apotome, the fine, branched hairs on the

frontoclypeal apotome, the mandibles which have a deep lateral furrow

bearing several setae and the relatively long, wide, scale-like setae on the

abdominal terga.

In the detailed description of the larva which follows, the terminology

used is taken primarily from Wiggins (1977).

General description.—Dorsum of head dark with lighter markings, sides

and venter yellow, often with a pair of dark patches on venter. Rarely, head

entirely dark except for region about each eye. Frontoclypeal apotome

(Figs. 1, 5) slightly indented laterally; anterior margin convex, often with

minute bumps along edge, minute branched setae on lateral portions of

anterior margin; anterior portion of apotome with short scale-like setae be-

hind anterior margin and on anterolateral surface but otherwise bare of such

setae, often with large light oval area on middle; middle of apotome with

V-shaped (Fig. 5) or lyre-shaped (Fig. 1) light area or rarely, light area

absent, tentorial pits distinct, often four or five light muscle scars anterad

of tentorial pits in a shallow, transverse depression; posterior portion of

apotome with two to four light muscle scars in middle, structure illustrated

in Figure 4 evident in cleared specimens within cuticle of apotome in light

area near vertex of frontoclypeal apotome (structure approximately one-

quarter as wide as the frontoclypeal apotome at level of seta 6) posterad of

four muscle scars; posterior three-quarters of apotome covered with fine,

branched setae (Fig. 2). Each parietal sclerite with numerous short scale-

like setae and smaller, branched, fine setae (Fig. 3) on dorsal and lateral

regions of anterior three-quarters of head (Fig. 1); pair of light muscle scars

anterad of seta 16 (Fig. 1), a single light muscle scar above eye near fron-

toclypeal suture, often several lighter muscle scars in posterior region of

dorsum. Head setae | and 3 along anterior margin of frontoclypeal apotome

(Fig. 1); seta 2 posterad of seta 1; seta 4 posterad of seta 2; seta 5 near

posteromesal margin of tentorial pit; seta 6 near frontoclypeal suture at level

of seta 16; setae 7 and 10 anterad of eye; setae 9 and 11 anterad and dorsad

of eye; setae 12 and 14 posterad and ventrad of eye; setae (13 or 15?) anterad

and laterad of seta 16; seta 16 posterad of pair of small muscle scars near

frontoclypeal suture; seta 17 beside frontoclypeal suture where frontocly-

peal apotome begins to narrow to posterior tip; seta 8 on lateral surface

near anterior margin of head; seta 18 in middle of ventral surface of parietal

12 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

js)

Figs. 1-5. Morphological features of Hydropsyche separata. Fig. 1—Head, dorsal aspect;

t = tentorial pit, f = frontoclypeal apotome, m = muscle scar, p = parietal sclerite. Fig. 2—

Setae on posterior portion of frontoclypeal apotome. Fig. 3—Setae on dorsum of parietal

sclerite. Fig. 4—Structure within cuticle near posterior tip of frontoclypeal apotome (arrow

extending from f in Fig. 1 indicates approximate position of structure). Fig. 5—Frontoclypeal

apotome showing only coloration.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 13

“4 viftes

iy ih vy

Figs. 6-9. Morphological features of Hydropsyche separata. Fig. 6—Left side of thoracic

nota; a = pronotum, b = mesonotum, c = metanotum. Fig. 7—Right side of head capsule,

ventral aspect; s = submentum, a = anterior ventral apotome. Fig. 8—Submentum, ventral

aspect. Fig. 9—Tooth from proventriculus.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 15

sclerite (Fig. 7); setae 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, (13 or 15?), 16 and 17 short, setae

1, 2, 7, 8, 11 and 14 medium and seta 9 long in length. Labrum with a dense

covering of short unbranched setae on anterior three-quarters of dorsum,

one pair of setae near anterior margin longer than other setae. Mandibles

(Fig. 14) with a deep lateral trough, numerous setae along base of trough.

Left mandible (Fig. 14a) with an apical and subapical tooth on dorsal part,

brush of small setae near mesal margin of subapical tooth; ventral part with

an apical and four subapical teeth, basal subapical tooth short, rounded

triangular, a brush of long setae above basal tooth. Right mandible (Fig.

14b) with a single tooth on dorsal part, brush of small setae situated oblique-

ly on tooth; ventral part with an apical and four subapical teeth; basal sub-

apical tooth short rounded triangular. Submentum (Fig. 8) with lateral sur-

face on each side bulging upward from base of apical lobe posterad to

posterolateral corner; setae grouped near base of each apical lobe and in an

oblique line on each posterolateral corner; anterior margin of each apical

lobe rounded or rounded triangular. Anterior ventral apotome (Fig. 7) with

a bump on meson near anterior margin; lateral arms long, narrow, enlarged

slightly at apex. Proventricular teeth of foregut each with a single apical

denticle (Fig. 9), long basal portion with several scattered bead-like areas,

support bars absent.

Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum (Figs. 6a, b, c) each yellow to

brown, covered with a dense covering of short scale-like setae and even

shorter pointed setae (Fig. 6); pronotum (Fig. 6a) with scale-like setae only

on anterior three-quarters, anterior margin with numerous fine setae; meso-

notum (Fig. 6b) and metanotum (Fig. 6c) each with scale-like setae pro-

jecting beyond anterior margin. Trochantin of propleuron (Fig. 10) with

numerous setae along ventral portion, dorsal apical lobe upturned and point-

ed. Foreleg with minute branched setae on most of posterior surface of

coxa; femur with prominent lobe on middle of anterodorsal surface (Fig.

11). Midleg with branched setae only on ventral part of posterior surface of

coxa; femur (Fig. 12) with branched setae on anteroventral surface (Fig.

13); no branched setae on tibia or tarsus. Hindleg without branched setae

on posterior surface of coxa; femur with branched setae on anteroventral

surface; tibia and tarsus without branched setae. Mesosternum with one

pair of gills, each gill with a single trunk; metasternum with two pairs of

gills, each gill with a single trunk.

<—

Figs. 10-13. Morphological features of Hydropsyche separata. Fig. 10—Trochantin and

propleuron, lateral aspect; t = trochantin, p = propleuron. Fig. 11—Foreleg, anterior as-

pect. Fig. 12—Midleg, anterior aspect. Fig. 13—Ventral margin of femur, anterior aspect

showing branched setae.

16 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Figs. 14-16. Morphological features of Hydropsyche separata. Fig. 14—Mandibles, dorsal

aspect; a = left mandible, b = right mandible, d = dorsal part, v = ventral part, z = apical

tooth of ventral part. Fig. 15—Scale-like setae on abdominal terga. Fig. 16—Anal proleg,

lateral aspect.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 17

Fig. 17. Posterior end of abdomen, ventral aspect, of Hydropsyche separata.

Abdomen with small scale-like setae (Fig. 15) covering terga, many of

these setae longer and/or stouter than in other species of the genus. First

segment with two pairs of gills on sternum, each gill with a single trunk;

segments II to VI each with one pair of medial gills, each gill with a single

18 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

trunk and one pair of lateral gills, each gill with a main trunk and two main

branches; segment VII with one pair of gills, each gill with a main trunk and

two major branches. Sterna of segments VIII and IX each with a pair of

spine bearing plates (Fig. 17). Ninth tergum with a small lateral sclerite on

each side. Anal proleg without spine-like setae on ventral surface (Figs. 16,

17).

Mature larvae up to 20 mm in length.

Material examined.—Includes 225 adults, 76 of which were reared from

pupae and 637 larvae.

Disposition of material.—A series of adult and larval specimens of Hy-

dropsyche separata will be deposited in the Royal Ontario Museum. The

remainder of the specimens will be retained in the Entomology Museum of

the Biology Department, University of Saskatchewan and in the author’s

personal collection.

Biology and Distribution

H. separata in the Saskatchewan River system in Saskatchewan, Canada

has a single generation per year with an extended emergence period. Pupae

were collected from May 26 to August 1, adults from May 8 to August 24.

The main emergence of adults occurs in June and July. Larval collections

on any one date usually contain several different instars which is usual in

aquatic insect species with broad adult emergence periods. Baumann and

Winget (1975) found larvae of H. separata to be primarily herbivorous and

detrivorous feeders. The gut contents of two larval specimens of this species

from the Saskatchewan River system were found to contain primarily plant

material.

H. separata is widely distributed in northern North America from New

York State west to British Columbia and Utah (various sources) and north

to Great Slave Lake (Rawson, 1953). Baumann and Winget (1975) collected

H. separata from the turbid waters of the relatively large White River in

Utah. In Saskatchewan H. separata is abundant in larger turbid rivers such

as the Saskatchewan, South Saskatchewan, North Saskatchewan and Battle

Rivers. This species does not occur in the clear, often rapid streams of the

boreal forest region of Saskatchewan. In the South Saskatchewan River the

Diefenbaker Lake reservoir not only alters the seasonal temperature regime

of the river downstream from it (Lehmkuhl, 1972) but it also acts as a trap

for suspended matter which is brought into the reservoir by the turbid waters

of the South Saskatchewan River. The water which leaves the reservoir is

relatively free of suspended matter. Lehmkuhl (1972) suggested that aquatic

insects are eliminated directly downstream from the Diefenbaker Lake res-

ervoir because the annual temperature cycle of the river is altered. Further

downstream, a gradual recovery of the insect fauna occurs and at Saska-

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 19

toon, approximately 70 miles downstream from the reservoir many species

of aquatic insects are able to live. Collections from the South Saskatchewan

River upstream from the reservoir and in the river downstream from the

reservoir at Saskatoon and at several sites downstream from Saskatoon

indicate that although H. separata is the dominant net-spinning caddisfly

species upstream from the reservoir, downstream from the reservoir Sym-

phitopsyche recurvata (Banks) (=Hydropsyche recurvata Banks) replaces

H. separata as the dominant net-spinning species. Temperature is not likely

the factor causing this change in the abundance of these two species since

both species do occur upstream and downstream from the reservoir. It is

more likely that the difference in the turbidity of the water upstream and

downstream from the reservoir is the major factor affecting the abundance

of H. separata and S. recurvata in the South Saskatchewan River. The

collection of H. separata from the White River in Utah by Baumann and

Winget (1975), the distribution of H. separata in the province of Saskatch-

ewan and the distribution of this species within the South Saskatchewan

River indicate that H. separata prefers or requires stream habitats where

the water is very turbid.

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. D. M. Lehmkuhl for his

supervision and encouragement during the course of my studies, for making

available facilities and equipment without which this research would not

have been possible, for financial support from his National Research Council

grant and for his constructive criticisms during the preparation of this paper.

Special thanks go to Dr. Hans Malicky whose many useful comments and

generous help have aided me in the publication of this paper. I would also

like to thank Dr. C. Gillott and Dr. L. Burgess for reviewing the manuscript.

Literature Cited

Banks, N. 1936. Notes on some Hydropsychidae. Psyche 43: 126-130.

Baumann, R. W., and R. N. Winget. 1975. Aquatic macroinvertebrates, water quality, and

fish population characterization of the White River, Uintah County, Utah. Utah Div.

Wild. Res. 1-55.

Denning, D. G. 1943. The Hydropsychidae of Minnesota (Trichoptera). Entomol. Amer. 23:

101-171.

Lehmkuhl, D. M. 1972. Change in the thermal regime as a cause of reduction of benthic fauna

downstream of a reservoir. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29: 1329-1332.

Malicky, H. 1977. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hydropsyche guttata-gruppe (Trichoptera,

Hydropsychidae). Z. Arbgemein. Osterr. Entomol. 29: 1-28.

Nimmo, A. P. 1966. A list of Trichoptera taken at Montreal and Chambly, Quebec, with

descriptions of three new species. Can. Entomol. 98: 688-693.

Rawson, D. S. 1953. The bottom fauna of Great Slave Lake. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 10:

486-520.

20 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Ross, H. H. 1965. Pleistocene events and insects. In Wright, H. E. and D. G. Frey (eds.),

The Quaternary of the United States, pp. 583-596. VII Congress Int. Assoc. Quat. Res.,

Princeton University Press, N.J.

Ross, H. H., and G. J. Spencer. 1952. A preliminary list of the Trichoptera of British

Columbia. Proc. Entomol. Soc. British Columbia 48:43-51.

Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). University

of Toronto Press, Toronto and Buffalo, 401 pp.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 20

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

NEW HOST RECORD FOR CORYTHUCA DISTINCTA

(HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE)!

Drake and Ruhoff (1965, Lacebugs of the world: a catalog. U.S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. 243: 148) record the host plants of Corythuca distincta Osborn

& Drake as being Carduus lanceolatus and Cnicus sp. (Compositae), Lath-

yrus nuttalii (Leguminosae) and hollyhock (=Althaea sp.) (Malvaceae). Spec-

imens of C. distincta nymphs and adults (identified by R. C. Froeschner,

U.S. Natl. Mus) were collected feeding on Cirsium pulcherrimum (identified

by Burrell Nelson, Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Univ. Wyoming, Laramie)

on July 28 and August 1, 1978 at Centennial, Wyoming. Not all the Cirsium

plants in the patch were infested, but on severely infested plants, the tingids

were present in such densities that all leaves were curled and necrotic. It

was presumed that such plants would die. This infestation appeared to be

an example of natural control by a native insect. According to Drake and

Ruhoff (Ibid. 454-455), the only previous records for tingids feeding on

Cirsium, are limited to five species of Tingis which feed on thistle in the

Old World and in Asia.

Footnote

1 Published with the approval of the Director, Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, as

Journal Article MP-42.

Robert Lavigne and Don Roth, Plant Science Division, Box 3354, Univ.

Stn., University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 21-26

A LIST OF CERAMBYCIDAE FROM THE HUALAPAI MOUNTAINS,

MOJAVE COUNTY, ARIZONA (COLEOPTERA)

ARTHUR E. LEwis

1360 Paseo Redondo, Burbank, CA 91501

The Cerambycid fauna of montane Arizona has been extensively studied,

with collecting reports having been published by Linsley et al. (1961), and

Schaeffer (1908), for southeastern Arizona, and by Wickham (1896), for the

more northerly portions of the state.

The Hualapais are the westernmost of the readily accessible isolated

mountain ranges in north-central Arizona, and are located approximately

fifty miles east of Needles, California. The Rocky Mountain Ranges extend

to the northeast, and the Sierra Madre Ranges extend to the southeast,

separated from the Hualapais by semiarid or arid lowlands.

The town of Kingman, elevation 3300 ft, is situated at the base of the

Hualapais. A paved road on the east end of town extends thirteen miles

south to Hualapai Mountain Park (6500 feet).

The principal floral elements of the lower elevations around Kingman and

on the alluvial plain include Catclaw (Acacia greggii), Agave sp., Allthorn

(Canotia holocantha) and various species of Compositae (including Hap-

lopappus and Gutierrezia). Approximately eight miles south of Kingman

the road reaches a transition zone of Oak-Juniper-Pinyon Pine woodland

extending from about 4500 to 5500 ft. Within this zone, at Pinyon Pine

Estates, new roads and homesites are being developed, leaving piles of

uprooted and fresh-cut Single-leaf Pinyon Pine (Pinus monophylla), Agave,

Juniper Vuniperus virginiana var. scopulorum), and Scrub Oak (Quercus

turbenella). At higher elevations Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), New

Mexican Locust (Robinia neomexicana), Broadleaf Oak (Quercus gambel-

li), Walnut Juglans microcarpa), Lilac (Ceanothus sp.), and various species

of Compositae are predominant. Collecting localities at higher elevations

include Hualapai Mountain Park (6500 feet), Flag Mine (7000 feet), and

Hualapai Mountain Lodge (6000 feet).

The author has collected this area yearly over the past twelve years at

various dates from June through September, and, unless otherwise stated,

the following compilation of Cerambycidae is based upon his records. Fifty-

seven species are listed with the previously unrecorded host plant of Acan-

thocinus (Canonura) leechi (Dillon) recorded.

(22 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Cerambycidae of the Hualapai Mountains

Ergates spiculatus neomexicanus Casey. This species has been captured at

the bases of dead standing Pinus ponderosa at night on various dates in

August.

Prionus californicus Motschulsky. Numerous records at high and mid ele-

vations in July and August.

Prionus heroicus Semenov. Taken at ultraviolet light at mid elevation July

7-8, 1978.

Tragosoma chiricahuae Linsley. Frequent in late July and early August at

black light and existing lights, at Hualapai Mountain Park.

Arhopalus asperatus (LeConte). Frequently taken at ultraviolet light and on

dead standing Pinus ponderosa at high elevations.

Arhopalus rusticus montanus (LeConte). Occasionally taken at ultraviolet

light and on dead standing Pinus ponderosa at high elevations. It has been

reared from Pinus ponderosa by F. T. Hovore from wood collected at

Hualapai Mountain Park in August.

Oeme costata LeConte. A totally black specimen was taken by D. S. Lewis

at ultraviolet light mid elevation on June 24, 1976.

Oeme rigida deserta Casey. Several specimens were taken at ultraviolet

light and mercury vapor light July 7-9, 1978 mid elevation.

Methia carinata Linsley. The type and allotype were taken at ‘‘Hualpai’’

Arizona by D. J. and J. N. Knull July 2nd and 6th. A few specimens

assignable to this species were taken at mercury vapor light July 7-9,

1978.

Methia mormona Linell. Numerous records, June, July and August at ul-

traviolet light at mid elevation and high elevation at Pine Lake Lodge and

Hualapai Mountain Park.

Methia lata Knull. Three specimens which I tentatively assign to this west

Texan species came to ultraviolet light near Pine Lake Lodge August 3,

1965. The species is very closely allied to Methia mormona Linell, and

may be a polymorph of that species.

Methia flavicornis Casey. A specimen was taken at 5200 ft in oak juniper

woodland at ultraviolet light by E. F. Giesbert, July 11, 1977.

Methia knulli Linsley. One specimen was taken at light approximately 2 mi

west of Kingman August 12, 1967, and two additional specimens at mer-

cury vapor light July 7-9, 1978 in oak juniper woodland. The Holotype

female was collected by D. J. and J. N. Knull July 3, ‘‘Hualpai’’ Arizona.

Methia dubia Linsley. Three specimens were taken at the agricultural in-

spection station two miles west of Kingman at existing lights August 1,

1965, and one specimen was taken at Pinyon Pine Estates July 11, 1977

by E. F. Giesbert.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 2

Methia acostata Linsley. Holotype male, ‘‘Hualpai’’ Arizona, D. J. and J.

N. Knull July 3rd.

Styloxus bicolor (Champlain & Knull). Several females were taken at black

light, August 25, 1973 in oak juniper woodlands.

Malobidion brunneum Schaeffer. Numerous examples have been collected

in July and August at mid and high elevations at ultraviolet light.

Eburia linsleyi Lacey. Numerous specimens have been taken at ultraviolet

light in July and August at Pinyon Pine Estates. F. T. Hovore has in

addition recovered them from molasses bait traps.

Eucrossus villicornis LeConte. Specimens have been collected at ultraviolet

lights and at existing lights around the Pine Lake Lodge and in Pinyon

Pine Estates in July and August. F. T. Hovore reared this species from

dead Pinyon Pine collected at Pinyon Pine Estates, and collected a single

female in a turpentine trap.

Tragidion auripenne Casey. A short series was taken in flight near Flag

Mine at 7000 ft, August 12-15, 1967; and a female was beaten from Oak

at Pinyon Pine Estates by F. T. Hovore.

Batyle rufiventris Knull. Two specimens of this rarely encountered species

were taken in flight at the south end of Pine Lake, August 12, 1967.

Crossidius discoideus (Say). Numerous examples have been collected on

Gutierrezia in September at about 4000 foot elevation.

Crossidius pulchellus LeConte. This species is reasonably common in Sep-

tember at lower elevations on Gutierrezia and Haplopappus.

Elytroleptus rufipennis (LeConte). Recorded by E. G. Linsley (1962) as

taken by J. N. Knull, Hualapai Mts., 1937.

Stenosphenus beyeri Schaeffer. Occasional specimens have been taken on

walnut around Pine Lake Lodge in July and August.

Neaneflus fuchsii (Wickham). One example was collected August 3, 1975

at ultraviolet light in Pinyon Pine Estates.

Aneflus sonoranus Casey. Numerous specimens have been taken at the

Agricultural Inspection Station two miles west of Kingman on the existing

lights July 20 and August 12, and two examples were taken at ultraviolet

light, mid elevation, July 8, 1978.

Aneflomorpha citrana Chemsak. A single specimen which I determine to be

this species was taken August 16, 1971 at the lights of the Agricultural

Inspection Station two miles west of Kingman.

Aneflomorpha rectilinea Casey. Examples have been taken at mid and high

elevations on various dates in July and August at ultraviolet light.

Aneflomorpha parkeri Knull. Specimens have been collected at ultraviolet

light in July and August at mid and high elevations.

Aneflomorpha parowana Casey. Examples are taken at the low, mid and

high elevations in July and August at ultraviolet light.

24 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Micraneflus imbellis (Casey). A large series of specimens was taken two

miles west of Kingman at the Agricultural Inspection Station, August 31,

1965, and occasional specimens have since been taken in July and August

at the same locality at existing lights.

Enaphalodes hispicornis (Linnaeus). Examples have been taken at Pine

Lake Lodge at existing lights during July and August, and at ultraviolet

light in Pinyon Pine Estates during August.

Enaphalodes cylindricus (Knull). Two males and two females were taken

at ultraviolet lights at Pinyon Pine Estates in August.

Eustromula validum (LeConte). Examples have been taken August 11, and

September 8—12 two miles west of Kingman at the lights at the Agricul-

tural Inspection Station.

Gymnopsyra magnipunctata (Knull). Numerous specimens were taken at

ultraviolet and mercury vapor light at Pinyon Pine Estates and Hualapai

Mountain Park, July and August.

Peranoplium subdepressum (Schaeffer). Single examples of this species

were collected at lights two miles west of Kingman, July 31, 1965, and at

mid elevation, July 9, 1978.

Anoplocurius canotiae Fisher. One specimen was taken two miles west of

Kingman, August 1, 1965, at the lights of the Agricultural Inspection

Station.

Anoplocurius altus Knull. Numerous examples have been taken in July and

August at the mid and high elevations at ultraviolet light.

Phymatodes hirtellus densipennis Casey. One specimen was taken on Hap-

lopappus July 22, 1976 in Ponderosa pine forest.

Megacyllene snowi (Casey). Several examples have been taken at high el-

evations on Gutierrezia, near stands of Robinia neomexicana, the host

plant, on various dates in mid-September.

Centrodera nevadica arizonica Linsley and Chemsak. The type female and

one male paratype were collected at Pine Lake Lodge by Lloyd Martin

on June 18, 1955. One specimen was collected by E. F. Giesbert at light,

June 26, 1976, at Hualapai Mountain Park.

Moneilema semipunctatum LeConte. A series of this species was taken by

F. T. Hovore on Opuntia sp. at Pinyon Pine Estates, August 5, 1978.

Monochamus clamator (LeConte). Numerous specimens have been taken

at light in July and August at Hualapai Mountain Park, and several un-

successful emergences have been found in dead Ponderosa Pine. Occa-

sional specimens have been taken at light in Pinyon Pine Estates in July

and August.

Glaucotes yuccivorus (Fall). Numerous specimens were taken at ultraviolet

light at the mid elevation and in Pinyon Pine Estates in August.

Sternidius decorus (Fall). A single specimen was beaten from dead Quercus

gambelli by F. T. Hovore at Pine Lake August 12, 1978.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 25

Sternidius imitans (Knull). Numerous specimens were taken at ultraviolet

light in the Pinyon Pine Estates in August.

Eutrichillus neomexicanus (Champlain & Knull). Numerous examples have

been collected in late July and early August at ultraviolet light at Hualapai

Mountain Park; a single specimen was taken at mercury vapor light at

Pinyon Pine Estates by F. T. Hovore in August.

Eutrichillus canescens Dillon. Specimens have been taken July and August

at ultraviolet light and from dead standing Pinyon pine at mid elevations.

One large female emerged July 1976 from Pinus monophylla collected

September 1975.

Neacanthocinus obliquus obliquus (LeConte). Examples have been taken

at light on various dates in July and August at Pine Lake Lodge.

Acanthocinus (Canonura) spectabilis (LeConte). A few specimens were

taken on dead standing Ponderosa pine, August 2, 1975, and during the

first week in September, 1973. They have been reared from the bark of

Pinus ponderosa in August and September by F. T. Hovore.

Acanthocinus (Canonura) leechi (Dillon). A female specimen was taken at

ultraviolet light at Pinyon Pine Estates August 4, 1975 (Lewis, 1976) and

a few specimens were subsequently reared from large dead branches (4—

10 inches in diameter) of Pinus monophylla from trees still bearing brown

needles. The wood was collected in September 1975 and emergences took

place in June, July and August the following year. Little (1943), reported

an acanthocine larva in association with a monochamine larva commonly

in the bark of dying Pinus edulis, 12 miles east of Flagstaff, Coconino

Co., Arizona at 6500 ft. It is possible that this record refers to A. leechi.

The type locality is Jerome, with a single specimen also having been

collected near Payson, Coconino Co.

Lepturges yucca Schaeffer. A few specimens were taken at ultraviolet light

at dusk in the Pinyon Pine Estates, August 2, 1975.

Valenus inornatus Casey. Several specimens were taken at ultraviolet light

in July and August at Pinyon Pine Estates.

Tigrinestola tigrina (Skinner). One specimen was taken at ultraviolet light

August 2, 1975 at the mid elevation.

Poliaenus obscurus (Fall). Specimens of this species were taken at black

light in Pinyon pine juniper forest July and August, and from dead branch-

lets on living Pinus monophylla at night. A specimen emerged June 26,

1976 from dead Pinus monophylla collected September, 1975.

Oncideres quercus Skinner. Reasonably common at ultraviolet light at high

elevations in July and August.

Of the fifty seven species listed above, all but Centrodera nevadica ari-

zonica Linsley & Chemsak, Aneflomorpha parowana Casey, Neaneflus

fuchsii (Wickham), Batyle rufiventris Knull, and Acanthocinus leechi (Dil-

26 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

lon) have been found in the Montane or Sonoran Desert regions of Southern

Arizona, and only sixteen species range westward into California, the vast

Mojave Desert acting as a formidable ecological barrier.

Although the above list is by no means thought to be conclusive, it

appears that the Cerambycid fauna of the Hualapai Mountains is comprised

primarily of southern Arizona Sonoran and Montane forms with the faunal

elements of California and the Rocky Mountains exerting a minor influence.

It also appears that the Hualapai Mountains represent the northern and

western distributional limits of many of the species.

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the following individuals

whose help enabled this paper to be completed. Dr. Charles Hogue, Julian

Donohue and Roy Snelling, Department of Entomology, Los Angeles Coun-

ty Museum of Natural History for encouragement and for supplying the

necessary references from their library; Bob Gustafson, Department of Bot-

any, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History for some plant iden-

tifications; Ed Giesbert for his collecting data from the Hualapais; Frank

Hovore for this collecting data and for reviewing the manuscript, and for

offering the numerous incorporated suggestions; and especially to my wife

Dee for her perseverance and accompaniment during twelve years of field

collecting.

Literature Cited

Lewis, A. E. 1976. A female specimen of Acanthocinus (Canonura) leechi. Pan-Pacific Ent.

Vol. 52, July 1976 No. 3 p. 203 (Scientific Note).

Linsley, E. G. 1940. Notes and descriptions of West American Cerambycidae—IV. Ent. News

1940 No. 51 285-290.

. 1962. Synopsis of the Genus Elytroleptus (Duges). Folia Entomolotica Mexicana Num

3, 15 de Febrero de 1962, 1-13.

, J. N. Knull, and M. Statham. 1961. A List of Cerambycidae from the Chiricahua

Mountain Area, Cochise Co. Ariz. Novitates, Am. Mus. of Nat. Hist., No 2050 1-34.

Little, E. L. 1943. Common insects on Pinyon (P. edulis). J. of N.Y. Ent. Society, Dec. 1943

No. 4 239-252.

Schaeffer, C. 1908. List of the Longicorn Coleoptera of Brownsville Texas, and Huachuca

Mts. Bull. Brooklyn Insts. Arts. Sci. 1: 325-352.

Wickham H. F. 1896. A List of some Coleop. from the northern portions of N.M. and Ariz.

Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. of Iowa Vol. III No. 4 p. 153-169.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 27-33

NEW SPECIES OF HELICOPSYCHE

(TRICHOPTERA, HELICOPSYCHIDAE)'

D. G. DENNING

2016 Donald Dr., Moraga, CA 94556

AND

R. L. BLICKLE

Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824

Members of the genus are worldwide in distribution with the majority of

species in the subtropical and tropical regions. Of the approximate 60

species which have been described, only 4 species are known from North

America north of Mexico: borealis, mexicana, piroa and limnella. It is

probable that several northern Mexican species will be taken in portions of

Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. The well known larvae may be found in

clear, well aerated streams and congregates of 100 or more prepupae and

pupae may occasionally be found. In the females the bursa copulatrix pre-

sents specific characters which should be illustrated when associated with

the male. In the males those species that have no mesal lobe on sternum 6

are rare; in contrast, the presence of a mesal lobe in described females is

rare. Future descriptions should record the presence or absence of this

structure. In this paper five new species are described, one from southern

California and four from Mexico and Central America. Length is given from

head to tip of the wings. Deposition of types is indicated under each species.

Helicopsyche lewalleni, new species

Resemblance to piroa Ross, vergelana Ross and tapada Denning is ap-

parent in the contour of the clasper and its mesobasal lobe. The species

belongs to the group in which the females possess a mesal lobe on sternum

6. Diagnostic characters: claspers with base long, narrow, mesobasal lobe

slender; phallus long and arcuate.

Male.—Length 6 mm. Antennal scape slightly longer than next three seg-

ments. Spurs 2-2-4, prominent, setose (in vergelana spurs are 1-2-4). Cerci

small, ovate. Mesh-like reticulation present on sterna 3, 4; cephalic and

caudal margins of sternum 6 dark brown, left pleuron with minute ovate

translucent area along brown pigmented line; mesal lobe (Fig. 1A) lightly

pigmented, elongate, length exceeds width of segment. Cephalic margins

terga 5-9 dark brown, mesal excision broad, shallow. Genitalia as in Fig.

1. Sternum 9 narrow, bifurcated brown lateral apodeme indicates margin of

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 29

tergum 9; dorsal margin tergum 9 projected caudad (Fig. 1B). Tergum 10

convex from dorsal aspect, lateral margins parallel, row of erect setae pres-

ent on dorsolateral margins, apex minutely emarginate in holotype, not in

paratype. Clasper base elongate, dorsal margin crenulated, arcuate, apex

obtuse; mesobasal lobe, ventral aspect (Fig. 1C), long, truncate apex bearing

dense, brownish spicules, apex and mesal margins dark brown. Phallus

curved ventrocaudad, phallobase enlarged, apex only slightly enlarged, dis-

tal margin semimembranous; viewed laterally a brown pigmented internal

sclerite discernible (Fig. 1); phallus normally reposes in concave tergum 10.

Female.—Length 6 mm. General color and structure similar to male.

Mesh-like reticulation present on most of sterna 3—4, sterna 3-6 densely

setose; cephalic margins sterna 3, 4 dark brown; sternum 5 brown, margins

dark brown; sternum 6 cephalic margin brown, narrow excision, mesal lobe

subacute, projected beyond margin (Fig. 1D); from lateral aspect (Fig. 1E)

mesal lobe directed caudad, acuminate; sternum 9 cephalic margin dark

brown; tergum 7 cephalic margin with deep narrow excision. Lateral aspect,

sterna 3-6 caudal margin produced ventrad, dense setation (Fig. 1F). Bursa

copulatrix from ventral aspect as in Fig. 1G.

Holotype.—Male, El Salvador: La Liberatad, light trap, west bank Rio

Chilama, 20 February 1969, Larry L. Lewallen. Allotype. Female (dam-

aged), same data as for holotype. Paratype. Male, same data as for holotype.

Types to be deposited in Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

This species named in honor of the collector, Larry L. Lewallen, State

Department of Health, Fresno, California.

Helicopsyche villegasi, new species

Related to planata Ross, differing from it and others as follows: sharply

curved apex of claspers directed ventral, narrow mesobasal lobe of clasper;

sharply declivent tergum 10; distally enlarged phallus.

<—

Figs. 1-6. Fig. 1. Helicopsyche lewalleni, male genitalia, lateral. 1A, mesal lobe sternum

6, ventral aspect; 1B, tergum 9, 10, dorsal aspect; 1C, clasper mesobasal lobe, ventral view;

1D, female, sternum 6, ventral aspect; 1E, female, sternum 6, lateral view; 1F, female, sternum

5, lateral; 1G, bursa copulatrix, ventral. Fig. 2. Helicopsyche villegasi, male genitalia, lateral;

2A mesal lobe sternum 6, ventral; 2B, clasper, mesobasal lobe, ventral. Fig. 3. Helicopsyche

temora, male genitalia, lateral; 3A mesal lobe sternum 6, ventral; 3B, mesal lobe sternum 6,

lateral; 3C, tergum 10, dorsal; 3D, clasper, mesobasal lobe, ventral. Fig. 4. Helicopsyche

rentzi, male genitalia, lateral. 4A, mesal lobe sternum 6; 4B, clasper, mesobasal lobe, ventral;

4C female, sternum 6, ventral; 4D, female, bursa copulatrix, ventral. Fig. 5. Helicopsyche

sinuata, male genitalia, lateral; SA, clasper, mesobasal lobe, ventral. Fig. 6. Helicopsyche

mexicana, male, mesal lobe, sternum 6, ventral; 6A, female, bursa copulatrix, ventral.

30 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Male.—Length 8 mm. General color ochraceous. Antennal scape slender,

equal in length to next 5 segments. Sterna 3, 4 with mesh-like reticulation;

sternum 6 mesal lobe clavate, length approximately three-quarters width of

segment, luteous (Fig. 2A). Terga 2—9 cephalic and lateral margins dark

brown, mesal excisions shallow; tergum 8 heavily pigmented. Genitalia Fig.

2. Sternum 9 gradually widened to the brown pigmented lateral apodeme;

cephalic margin tergum 9 oblique, dorsal margin declivent. Cerci small,

ovate. Tergum 10 projecting ventrad; distinct inverted brownish Y-shaped

line on dorsum; distal margin oblique. Clasper dorsal margin serrate, acute

apex curved ventrad; mesobasal lobe extends caudad slightly beyond mar-

gin; from ventral aspect (Fig. 2B), mesobasal lobe narrow, apex arcuate and

bearing dark brown spicules, mesal margin brownish. Phallobase enlarged,

median portion narrow and cylindrical, apex large, curved ventrad.

Holotype.—Male, Mexico; 4 km W of Nochistlan, Zacatecuas, 22—23 Sep-

tember 1975, 1930 m, Rio de Nochistlan, at dam named Presade, ‘‘Los

Tuzas,’’ Baldomera Villegas.

Type deposited in Entomology Department, University of California, Da-

vis, California.

This species named in honor of Mr. Baldomera Villegas, University of

California at Davis who collected this interesting specimen.

Helicopsyche temora, new species

This species belongs to the selanderi Ross, tapadas Denning complex.

Diagnostic characters: clasper with lateral and dorsal margin broadly round-

ed, apex obtuse; oblique apex of mesobasal lobe of clasper; apex of ventrad

curved phallus greatly enlarged.

Male.—Length 5.5 mm. General color luteous. Sterna 3, 4 with mesh-like

reticulation. Terga 2-6 subquadrate, cephalic margins dark brown, wide

shallow excisions. Antennal scape enlarged, curved dorsocaudad, length

equal to next 4 segments. Mesal lobe sternum 6 yellowish, elongate, about

two thirds width of segment from ventral aspect (Fig. 3A), acuminate from

lateral aspect (Fig. 3B). Genitalia Fig. 3. Sternum 9 narrow, cephalic margin

somewhat convex, tergal margin indicated by brown lateral apodeme; ter-

gum 9 narrowed dorsad, projected caudad. Cerci inconspicuous, ovate. Ter-

gum 10 convex, lateral margins parallel, single row erect setae along lateral

margins (Fig. 3C); from lateral view, tergum gradually narrowed to rounded

apex (Fig. 3). Clasper mesal margin with short angulation, dorsal margin

broadly arcuate, apex obtuse (subacute in one paratype). Mesobasal lobe

about equal width throughout, apex oblique, spiculated; mesal and apical

margins brown, ventral aspect (Fig. 3D). Phallus curved ventrad, apex en-

larged, distal portion semimembranous (Fig. 3).

Holotype.—Male. Mexico: 6.4 km (4 mi) SW of Temoris, Chihuahua 1500

VOLUME 55, NUMBER I 31

m (4900’), 6 August 1968, R. C. Gardner, C. S. Glaser, T. A. Sears. Para-

types. 2 males. Same data as for holotype.

Types deposited Entomology Department, University of California,

Davis.

Helicopsyche rentzi, new species

This species bears little resemblance to other described species. Diag-

nostic characters: ventrad projected tergum 10; ventral angled phallus;

straight dorsal margin of clasper; narrow mesobasal lobe of clasper.

Male.—Length 5 mm. General color luteous. Antennal scape equal in

length to next 4 segments. Mesh-like reticulation on sterna 3, 4, 5 cephalic

margins brown; terga cephalic margins brown, excisions wide, shallow.

Mesal lobe on sternum 6 non-pigmented, about half width of segment (Fig.

4A). Genitalia, Fig. 4. Sternum 9 narrow, in absence of a pigmented lateral

apodeme, demarcation of tergum 9 difficult to discern. Cerci small, elongate.

Tergum 10 directed sharply ventrad, apex subacute; from dorsal view distal

half not discernible due to sharp ventral angulation; the setose semicircular

lateral area best viewed from lateral aspect. Clasper base narrow; greatly

enlarged dorsal portion with ventral and dorsal margins subparallel; apex

attenuated, subacute, black; a brown pigmented line discernible in cleared

specimens on lateral surface (Fig. 4); from ventral aspect (Fig. 4B), mesal

lobe narrow, apex obliquely truncate with dense, brown spicules. Phallus

angled abruptly ventrad.

Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Color, general structure similar to male. Sterna

3, 4 with mesh-like reticulation; all cephalic margins of sternites dark brown.

Sternum 6 with lightly pigmented subacute mesal lobe, about half width of

segment; distal margin bearing dense brown setae (Fig. 4C). Sternum 8 with

submarginal narrow band of dense dark brown setae; tergites deeply ex-

cised, cephalic margins dark brown, especially on terga 5, 6, 7, 8. Tergum

11, dorsal aspect, with elongate brownish lobes densely setate. Bursa cop-

ulatrix, ventral aspect, as in Fig. 4D.

Holotype.—Male, Costa Rica: Guanacosta, Finca La Pacifica, 10 miles

north Canas, 10 February 1969. David C. Rentz. Allotype. Female. Same

data as for holotype.

Type to be deposited in Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Named in honor of Dr. David C. Rentz, who has collected many very

interesting Trichoptera.

Helicopsyche sinuata, new species

This species is remarkably different from the four species known from

North America north of Mexico. Diagnostic characters: phallus curved

32 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

slightly ventrad; large, wide mesobasal lobe and sinuous dorsal margin of

clasper; mesal lobe of sternum 6 absent.

Male.—Length 4.5 mm. General color ochraceous. Spurs long, slender.

Antennal scape short, robust, subequal to next 3 segments. Cerci ovate,

dorsad of lateral apodeme. Sterna 3, 4, 5 with mesh-like reticulation; ster-

num 6 mesal lobe absent. Genitalia, Fig. 5. Sternum 9 practically same width

throughout, lateral margin produced to obtuse angle. Tergum 10, lateral

aspect (Fig. 5), narrowed distally, from dorsal aspect, apex minutely bilo-

bate. Clasper gradually expanded dorsad from base, dorsal margin with

antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal lobes, setation light; from ventral aspect

(Fig. 5A), clasper curved mesad, apex acuminate and acute; from this view

the postero-dorsal lobe is discernible. Phallus projected caudad slightly

beyond tergum 10, curved gradually ventrad to subacute apex.

Holotype.—Male, California: San Bernardino County, Sheep Creek Can-

yon, 5 May 1950, A. L. Melander. Saul Frommer, Entomology Department,

University of California, Riverside (pers. comm.) states; ‘‘Sheep Creek

Road joins Hwy. 138 south of Phelan, Sheep Creek is west of the road.”’

Type to be deposited Entomology Department, University of California,

Riverside.

Helicopsyche mexicana Banks

This species is widely distributed from Frijole, Texas (Ross, 1944) to

southern Utah and California into Mexico. New records are: Washington

County, Utah, Leeds Canyon, July 1964, W. J. Hanson (Utah State Uni-

versity); Los Angeles County, California, Graveyard Canyon, 9 May 1970,

J. A. Honey (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History).

Male.—Sterna 3, 4 with mesh-like reticulation; sternum 6 mesal lobe lu-

teous, short (Fig. 6) usually about half the length of the sternite. The contour

of the clasper, especially the dorsal margin, is quite variable.

Female.—Sternum 4, 5 with mesh-like reticulation. Caudal margins sterna

6, 7 with dense blackish setae. From ventral aspect, the darkly pigmented

margin of the bursa copulatrix are discernible in cleared specimens, (Fig.

6A). This species is widely distributed in Arizona and is the dominant hel-

icopsychid in that state.

Literature Cited

Flint, O. S. 1974. The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other

Guyanas. XIV: 1-151.

Ross, H. H. 1974. The Caddisflies of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 23: 1-326.

Ross, H. H. 1956. New species of Helicopsyche from the Western Hemisphere (Trichop-

tera, Helicopsychidae). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 46(12): 397-401.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 33

Footnote

1 Published with the approval of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station as

Scientific Contribution No. 837.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 33

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

A NOTE ON THE ANTHICIDAE OF KAUAI, HAWAII

During a 1976 visit to Kauai, the author and his wife noted on several

occasions numbers of anthicids on the inner sides of shop windows and on

adjacent walls. A small series of the animals was collected (2 mi SE Lihue;

27-28 November 1976; D. K. and J. T. Young) and subsequently determined

to be Stricticomus tobias (Marseul) (specimens deposited in the collection

of the author as well as that of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu). To the

author’s knowledge, this represents the first Hawaiian record of the cos-

mopolitan tobias outside Oahu, as well as the first anthicid to be recorded

from the island of Kauai. A check through the collections of the Bishop

Museum (conducted by G. A. Samuelson) and the Hawaii Department of

Agriculture (conducted by S. Y. Higa) for additional unpublished records

yielded but a single Kauaian anthicid, this having been identified as A.

floralis (Linnaeus). Additionally, Dr. Samuelson was able to locate data

cards on file at the Bishop Museum which listed S. tobias, A. vexator Wer-

ner, and Thicanus annectens (LeConte) from Kauai, though these records

could not be confirmed by specimens. The tobias and annectens samples

were recorded as having been taken in ‘“‘salt marshes nr. sea level.”’

The association of S$. tobias with shop display windows leads me to sug-

gest that artificial lighting served as the stimulus for attraction, an idea

supported by other collection records which list the species as having been

taken from light trap samples (Werner, 1961, Psyche 68: 70-72; Werner,

1966, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 19: 310-316). Extensive baiting with can-

tharidin, a positive stimulus for the attraction of numerous species of an-

thicids (Chandler, 1976, Pan-Pac. Ent. 52: 179-180; Young, unpublished

notes) proved fruitless in several habitat types on Kauai.

The time and assistance of G. A. Samuelson and S. Y. Higa are gratefully

acknowledged.

Daniel K. Young, Dept. of Entomol., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing,

48824.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 34—40

NOTES ON THE GENUS ZAOMMA ASHMEAD, WITH A

KEY TO SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE)

GORDON GORDH

Systematic Entomol. Lab., IIBII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA,

c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560

AND

V. A. TRIAPITZIN

Zool. Instit., Soviet Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, V-164, U.S.S.R.

In conjunction with our collaborative studies of Nearctic Encyrtidae we

had the opportunity to study the type-species of Zaomma Ashmead. Ash-

mead based this genus on Encyrtus argentipes Howard (type-locality St.

Vincent, West Indies). Since the original description, the genus has re-

mained monotypic and an enigma to many students of the Encyrtidae. Our

study of Zaomma argentipes (Howard) has revealed the following new syn-

onymy.

Zaomma Ashmead

Zaomma Ashmead, 1900. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 22(1202): 340, 401. Type-

species: Encyrtus argentipes Howard. Original Designation.

Apterencyrtus Ashmead, 1905. Canad. Entomol. 37(1): 5. NEW SYNON-

YMY. Type-species: Apterencyrtus pulchricornis Ashmead. Monotypic.

(The type-species is considered a subjective junior synonym of Chiloneu-

rus microphagus Mayr, 1876.)

Metallonoidea Girault, 1915. Journ. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 23(3): 169-170.

NEW SYNONYMY. Type-species: Metallonoidea brittanica Girault.

Monotypic.

Chiloneurinus Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica Himen. Fam. Encirtidos, p. 646.

Type-species: Chiloneurus microphagus Mayr, 1876. Original Designa-

tion.

Metapterencyrtus Tachikawa, 1963. Mem. Ehime Univ., Sect. VI (Agric.)

9(1): 213-214. NEW SYNONYM Y. Type-species: Metapterencyrtus er-

iococci Tachikawa. (The type-species is considered a subjective junior

synonym of Zaomma eriococci (Ferriere). NEW SYNONYM Y. Original

Designation.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER I

A Key to the Species of Zaomma (Females)

1. Middle tibia white or yellow, without dark ring. Tuft of setae on

apex of scutellum not developed .............. 0. cece eee eee aes

Middle tibia with dark ring near base or more or less dark with base

and apex pale; tuft of setae on apex of scutellum frequently de-

SPUN han so eee Ry fn, RRA Oe eth ue eevee hl A rh ere

2. Exserted portion of gonostylus at least 0.33 times as long as gaster.

Legs including coxae brownish yellow. Scutellum flat. Antennal

funicular segments 5—6 not transverse. Forewing not less than

three times longer than its maximum width. U.S.S.R. (Kunashir

Island, Kuriles) from Antonina crawi Cockerell (Pseudococcidae)

On sWaimOOO tS Gras) os Sess ares eS arate Aol RS “BR ola oie

cone Z. danzigae (Pilipjuk and Trjapitzin) NEW COMBINATION!

Exserted portion of gonostylus not longer than 0.25 of gaster. Coxae,

femora, fore and hind tibiae more or less darkened. Scutellum

convex. Antennal funicular segments S—6 transverse, forewing

lense syvidth ratio. variaele . he 4: «coh! be boss Ux ee es oles es

3. Apical 2—3 funicular segments white or yellow. Minimum width of

vertex about 0.20 times maximum width of head (extreme 3:14).

D.D.R.; Czechoslovakia; Hungary; U.S.S.R. (Zakarpatye Region,

Moldavia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Transcaucasus, East-Kazakhstan

Region, Yakutia, Primorye Territory, Sakhalin), Japan as second-

ALY PArasite Gt T2810 COGIC a wesen, os y oak cw wna els Usa Kenn we a

Pe ee nee Z. eriococci (Ferriere) NEW COMBINATION?

All funicular segments dark. Minimum width of vertex about 0.25

maximum width of head. U.S.S.R. (Kunashir Island, Kuriles)

from Acanthococcus sasae Danzig (Eriococcidae) on Sasa (dwarf

bamboo)

Z. acanthococci (Pilipjuk and Trjapitzin) NEW COMBINATION?

4. Funicular segments 5—6 somewhat wider than long, rarely quadrate

or a little longer than wide; club more than 2 times longer than

wide. Scutellum with a well-developed tuft of long, dark setae on

PII gir acca they rn ie og gst ae rae arated acc weed peters eae eo Rts

Funicular segments 5—6 twice as wide as long; club less than two

times longer than wide (Fig. 1). Scutellum without a tuft of long,

UA Way 2 erates errae conan read idr S sn nau acti eae Note oe

5. Funicular segments 5-6 white, quadrate, or slightly transverse. Pos-

terior half of mesoscutum with dense, silvery pubescence. Gaster

usually as long as thorax; apical angle of syntergum obtuse. Cos-

mopolitan as secondary parasite of Diaspididae. ...............

ede Ae se ne eis Z. lambinus (Walker) NEW COMBINATION?

Funicular segments 5—6 brownish-black, a little longer than wide.

36 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

oS Ss pcre ee

I~ RG va so

SONS ON, Tey SER Py

TRA ES —

Sy 8

ne Se Se

ao eee ee

\ See

gui oe ome Vays

3 \ \ \

Figs. 1-3. Fig. 1. Female antenna of Zaomma argentipes (Howard) (reconstructed)

(x 140). Fig. 2. Female mandible of Z. argentipes (x300). Fig. 3. Female forewing venation

of Z. argentipes (x 140).

Posterior half of mesoscutum with sparse silvery pubescence. Gas-

ter as long as head and thorax combined; apical portion of syn-

tergum acute. U.S.S.R. (Primorye Territory) ..................

Ch te ao eT RRL Z. abas (Trjapitzin) NEW COMBINATION®

6. Antennal club truncation small, only a little more than 0.33 times as

long as ventral surface of club; septa dividing segments of club

almost transverse (Fig. 1). Frontovertex noticeably less than 0.33

times maximal head width. Marginal vein of forewing somewhat

longer than stigmal vein (Fig. 3). Middle tibia yellowish white,

with dark ring near the base. All funicular segments white. West

Indies (te Viieen na Sah cae x cata ee easy Z. argentipes (Howard)®

Antennal club truncation large, noticeably more than the length of

ventral side of club; septa dividing segments of club oblique. Fron-

tovertex about 0.33 times the maximal width of head. Marginal

vein of forewing not longer than stigmal vein. Middle tibia more

or less brown, with base and apex pale. Funicular segments 1-2

more or less brown, 3-6 ivory yellow. Senegal ................

Sa Fak oe Z. ceroplastae (Risbec) NEW COMBINATION’®

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 DE

The use of the name Zaomma instead of Apterencyrtus may disturb some

encyrtid taxonomists and biological control specialists. Apterencyrtus has

been widely used in the literature and is well represented in the Palearctic

Region. However, the name Zaomma has not gone unused. Timberlake

(1924) discussed it in his description of Synaspidia and provided additional

descriptive notes. The International Commission should be consulted if

workers believe that the use of Zaomma would cause instability of nomen-

clature.

The morphological characters used to identify this genus are similar to

those of Apterencyrtus and Metapterencyrtus. We regard Zaomma as a

member of the Cheiloneurini Hoffer as that tribe was characterized by Trja-

pitzin (1973). This tribe is composed of primary and secondary parasites of

scale insects.

Species Previously Assigned to Apterencyrtus

1. Apterencyrtus adeli Traboulsi. Traboulsi (1968) provided a compre-

hensive diagnosis of this species and compared it to Apterencyrtus microph-

agus, Apterencyrtus thomsoniscae Alam, and A. zonatus Alam. Study of

Traboulsi’s description and illustrations shows that this species is conspe-

cific with Z. lambinus (Walker).

Graham (1969) synonymized A. thomsoniscae and A. zonatus with En-

cyrtus lambinus Walker. Encyrtus laminus is considered valid because

lambinus was an unused name. In this paper, we are using the name

lambinus. The matter should be brought to the attention of the Com-

mission of Zoological Nomenclature.

2. Apterencyrtus africanus Risbec. Annecke and Insley (1971) have cat-

aloged the Ethiopian Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae. In that catalog they note

that this species was misplaced in Apterencyrtus. Annecke and Mynhardt

(1973) regard this species as a member of Exoristobia Ashmead and we

agree.

3. Apterencyrtus trichomasthoides Hoffer. We regard this species as a

member of Metablastothrix Sugonyayey NEW COMBINATION. Through

the courtesy of Dr. A. Hoffer of Prague, V. A. Trjapitzin has studied a

paratype female of this species. It is probably a synonym of M. truncati-

pennis (Ferriére).

Zaomma argentipes (Howard)

This species was originally described by Howard (1894a) on the basis of

a single female specimen taken at St. Vincent, West Indies. Subsequently

Girault removed a forewing and the head and mounted them in Canada

balsam. The head was smashed and fragmented. Thus it is not possible to

give a comprehensive description. We have reconstructed the antenna (Fig.

38 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

1), illustrate the mandible (Fig. 2), and illustrate key taxonomic characters

of the forewing (Fig. 3).

The original description is generally accurate. In addition to the characters

given in the key, the following characters may prove helpful in the identi-

fication of this species.

Pronotum, when viewed from dorsal aspect, short; posterior margin mod-

erately concave; surface with rather bold, raised reticulate sculpture; meso-

scutum about 1.8 times wider than long, broadly and convexly rounded from

side to side, surface with sculpture as pronotum; axillae just meeting me-

dially, with raised reticulate sculpture less pronounced; scutellum about as

long as medial length of mesoscutum, robust, convexly rounded from side

to side, surface, deeply, narrowly, convexly rounded, and extending to pro-

podeum. Propodeal characters obscured by hindwing glued over metasomal

terga.

Metasoma somewhat lanceolate, about as long as mesosoma; paratergite

apparently absent; gonostylus slightly exserted.

U.S.N.M. Type number 2723.

Acknowledgments

This report stems from a binational scientific exchange agreement. We

thank the National Academy of Science (U.S.A.) and Soviet Academy of

Sciences (U.S.S.R.) for making our collaborative research efforts possible.

Gordon Gordh would like to thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture for

a leave of absence so that this work could be performed and the Zoological

Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (Leningrad) for generously pro-

viding space and facilities used during the tenure of our studies.

Literature Cited

Alam, S. M. 1957. The taxonomy of some British encyrtid parasites of scale insects (Coc-

coidea). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 109(15): 421-466.

Annecke, D. P., and H. P. Insley. 1971. Catalog of Ethiopian Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae

(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Rep. So. Afr. Dept. Agr. Tech. Serv. Entomol. Mem.

23. 53 pp.

Annecke, D. P., and M. Judith Mynhardt. 1973. New and little known African Encyrtidae,

with descriptions of two new genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). J. Entomol. Soc.

So. Africa 36(2): 211-228.

Ashmead, W. H. 1900. On the genera of the chalcid-flies belonging to the subfamily Encyr-

tinae. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 22(1202): 323-412.

Ashmead, W. H. 1905. New Hymenoptera from the Philippine Islands. Canadian Entomol.

37(1): 3-8.

Boucek, Z. 1977. On Hofferencyrtus (gen. nov.), Mira, Lyka and some other European

Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera). J. Nat. Hist. 11:9-422.

Erdos, J. 1957. Miscellanea Chalcidologica Hungarica. Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. Nation. Hun-

garici (Serv. nova) 8: 347-374.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 39

Erdos, J. 1961. Symbola et cognitionem fauna Encyrtidarum et Aphelinidorum Hungariae

7(3—4): 413-423.

Erdos, J. 1964. Chalcidoidea II. Fauna Hungariae, 73: 1-372 + 1-8 (In Hungarian).

Ferriére, Ch. 1955. Encyrtides nouveaux ou peu connus (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Mitt.

schweiz. entomol. ges. 28(1): 115-136.

Girault, A. A. 1915a. New chalcidoid Hymenoptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 8: 270-

284.

Girault, A. A. 1915b. New genera of chalcidoid Hymenoptera. J. New York Entomol. Soc.

23(3): 165-173.

Graham, M. W. R. de V. 1969. Synonymic and descriptive notes on European Encyrtidae

(Hym., Chalcidoidea). Polskie Pismo Entomol. 39(2): 211-219.

Hayat, M., S. M. Alam, and M. M. Agarwal. 1975. Taxonomic survey of encyrtid parasites

(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in India. Publ. Aligarh Muslim Univ. (Zool. Ser.) on Indian

Insect Types 9: I-III + 1-112.

Hoffer, A. 1957. Die tschechoslovakischen Arten der Subtribus Cheiloneurii. Acta Soc. Ento-

mol. Cechosloveniae 54(4): 327-355.

Hoffer, A. 1959. Miscellanea Encyrtidologica, III (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Acta Entomol. Mus.

Nation. Pragae 33(530): 5-36.

Hoffer, A. 1965. Descriptions of new species of the family Encyrtidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea)

from Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomol. Mus. Nation. Prague 36: 353-372.

Howard, L. O. 1894a. Report on the Chalcididae of the subfamilies Chalcidinae, Eucharitinae,

Perilampinae, Encyrtinae, Aphelininae, Pireninae, Elasminae, and Elachistinae. In: Ri-

ley, C. V.. W. H. Ashmead and L. O. Howard. Report upon the parasitic Hymenoptera

of the Island of St. Vincent. J. Linnean Soc. London 25: 56—254.

Howard, L. O. 1894b. A new parasite of Mytilaspis pomorum. Insect Life 7(3): 256.

Mayr, G. 1876. Die europaischen Encyrtiden. Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 25: 675-778.

Mercet, R. G. Fauna Iberica Himenopteros fam. Encirtidos. Madrid: I-XI + 1-732.

Nikol’skaya, M. N. 1952. Chalcids of the fauna of the USSR (Chalcidoidea). Opred. fauny

SSSR, 44. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad: 1-574 (In Russian).

Peck, O. 1963. A catalogue of the nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian

Entomol., Suppl. 30: 1—1092.

Pilipjuk, V. G., and V. A. Trjapitzin. 1974. New species of encyrtids (Hymenoptera, Encyr-

tidae)—parasites of coccids from bamboo on the Island Kunashir (Kurile Islands). Zool.

Zhourn. 53(12): 1888-1891 (In Russian with English Summary).

Risbec, J. 1954. Chalcidoides et Proctotrupides de 1’ Afrique tropicale francaise. Bull. Inst.

Francais Afrique Noire 16: 1035-1092.

Ruschka, F. In: Ruschka, F. und L. Fulmek. 1915. Verzeichnis der an der K. K. Pflanzen-

schutz-Station in Wien erzogenen parasitischen Hymenopteren. Zeitschr. Angew. Ento-

mol. 2(2): 390-412.

Tachikawa, T. 1963. Revisional studies of the Encyrtidae of Japan (Hymenoptera: Chalci-

doidea). Mem. Ehime Univ., Sect. VI (Agr.) 9(1): 1-264.

Timberlake, P. H. 1924. Descriptions of new chalcid-flies from Hawaii and Mexico (Hyme-

noptera). Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 5(3): 395-417.

Traboulsi, R. 1968. Predateurs et parasites d’Aphytis (Hym., Aphelinidae). Entomophaga

13(4): 234-255.

Trjapitzin, V. A. 1967. Encyrtids (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) of the Primorye Territory. Trudy

Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 41: 173-221 (In Russian).

Trjapitzin, V. A. 1973. Classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of the family Encyrtidae

(Chalcidoidea). Part II. Subfamily Encyrtinae Walker, 1837. Entomol Rev. 52(2): 287-

295.

Tshumakova, V. M. 1961. Parasites of injurious coccids in Kabardino-Boulkaria. Entomol.

Rev. 40(2): 315-338.

40 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Walker, F. 1838. Monographia Chalciditum. Entomol. Mag. 5: 102-118, 418-431, 518.

Walker, F. 1844. Descriptions of some British Chalcidites. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 14: 181-185.

Footnotes

1 Philipjuk and Trjapitzin, 1974: 1891 (Apterencyrtus).

2 Ferriére, 1955: 117-118 (Apterencyrtus); Hoffer, 1957: 351-352 (Apterencyrtus); Eros, 1961:

418 (T. niveicrus); Tshumakova, 1961: 335-337 (Apterencyrtus); Tachikawa, 1963: 214-215

(Metapterencyrtus eriococci Tachikawa nec Ferriére); Erdés, 1964: 179, 180 (Trichomasthus

niveicrus).

3 Philipjuk and Trjapitzin, 1974: 1890 (Apterencyrtus).

* Walker, 1838: 422 (Encyrtus); Walker, 1844: 184 (E. euryclea); Mayr, 1876: 745, 746 (Chi-

loneurus microphagus); Ashmead, 1905: 5 (Apterencyrtus pulchricornis); Girault, 1915a: 282—

284. (Aphidencyrtus aspidioti); Girault, 1915b: 169-170 (Metallonoidea brittanica); Ruschka,

1915: 403-404 (Habrolepis mayri); Mercet, 1921: 647-648 (Chiloneurinus microphagus); Ni-

kol’skaya, 1952: 460 (Chiloneurinus microphagus); Alam, 1957: 439-441 (Apterencyrtus tho-

mosoniscae); Alam, 1957: 438-439, 441 (A. zonatus); Hoffer, 1957: 350-351 (A. microphagus);

Tachikawa, 1963: 119-121 (A. microphagus); DeSantis, 1963: 361-364 (A. microphagus); Peck,

1963: 441-443 (bibliography); Erd6s, 1964: 301-302 (A. microphagus); Traboulsi, 1968: 348-

354 (A. adeli); Graham, 1969: 270-271 (Apterencyrtus) (synonymy); Hayat et al., 1974: 57-60

(A. microphagus); Bouéek, 1977: 151-152.

> Trjapitzin, 1967: 183; 213-214.

§ Howard, 1894a: 95 (Encyrtus); Timberlake, 1924: 397-399.

7 Risbec, 1954: 1061-1074 (Apterencyrtus); Annecke and Mynhardt, 1973: 217 (Apterencyr-

tus).

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 41-45

STUDIES OF DASYTIDAE NO. 1: NEW SPECIES

OF PRISTOCELIS (COLEOPTERA)

CHARLES D. HOWELL

The Univ. of Redlands and the San Bernardino Co. Museum,

Redlands, CA 92373

The family Dasytidae is among the ten largest families of Coleoptera in

the United States. It is especially prominent in the arid or semi-arid regions

west of the 100th meridian, where almost all of the 325 American species

occur.

Many undescribed species are present in my collections. A number of

these are in the genus Pristocelis LeConte, only two of which have been

collected in large enough numbers in one locale to justify their recognition

as a population of a stable species.

Pristocelis irwini, new species

(Fig. 1)

Size and shape.—Range, from 2.6 to 3.6 mm long, parallel-sided, about

2.5 times longer than wide. Females averaging smaller and less elongate

than males.

Color.—Pitch black head, thorax, scutellum, triangular area at base of

elytra, and sometimes extending along the midline of the elytra. Dull pale

testaceous on remainder of elytra. Mouth parts and antennae black, with

reddish tinge, darker than legs which are testaceous with reddish and black-

ish tints. In males, abdominal sternae are all black; in females, the anterior

segments are black but a variable number of terminal ones are pale testa-

ceous.

Pubescence.—Covered with fairly dense short decumbent and semide-

cumbent pale hairs. No erect flying hairs. Lateral fimbriae of pronotum and

elytra, composed of longer whitish slightly curved hairs, irregular in ori-

entation. Ventral abdominal hairs are snow white, coarser and more dense,

obscuring the surface.

Head.—tThe head appears large, the occipito-temporal region broad and

elongate. Mandibles, stout. These two features are definitive for males of

this genus, but are absent in females. Between the antennal sockets in both

sexes in this species is a conspicuous slightly arched cord-like ridge, des-

ignated the frontal cord. It bears no relation to the retraction of the labrum,

and is more rugged in males than in females. The eyes are prominent, less

bulging in males than in females.

42 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

SN eG VY,

Fig. 1. A. Dorsal aspect of Pristocelis irwini new species, male. B. Protibia of P. irwini

showing the comb of stout spinules on the outer posterior border. C. Head of P. irwini, male,

showing elongated occipito-temporal area (ot), mandible (m), and frontal cord (fc).

Thorax.—Pronotum is large, transverse, oval, almost as wide just past

the middle as the elytra at the humeri. At the widest point the lateral mar-

gins, from above, curve abruptly. Lateral margins are minutely serrulate.

Legs.—Protibiae expand abruptly from the delicate base, are slightly

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 43

curved, somewhat compressed, bearing in both sexes a striking single-file

comb of 18 to 25 blackish stout spinules on their outer posterior borders.

The tarsi have slender claws, dilated at the base, with slender ungual ap-

pendages the full length of the claws.

Elytra.—Humeri are moderately prominent, the contour posterior to them

slightly narrowed and depressed dorsally, then gracefully curving, wider

behind the middle, the lateral edges only slightly recurved. Epipleurae are

broad, parallel briefly, then abruptly narrowing, extruded to the bend of the

elytra.

The collection was made in November 1963 by Michael E. Irwin from

flowers of Palofoxia and Stephanomeria. Thirty-seven specimens were col-

lected south of Palm Springs, Riverside County, California; 19 in Coyote

Canyon and 18 in Deep Canyon. I am pleased to name the species after Dr.

Irwin for his numerous kindnesses to me in the past. The collection bears

my numbers 2470-2506.

Holotype.—Male, No. 2476, from Deep Canyon. Allotype: No. 2482,

from Deep Canyon. Paratypes: 16 males and 19 females.

The holotype and allotype are designated to be deposited in the type

collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Duplicates are designated

for the University of California collections in Riverside and Berkeley.

Pristocelis volki, new species

Size and shape.—The range from 2.1 to 2.7 mm length makes this the

smallest species of Pristocelis. Sexes overlap in size, but the largest are

females, and the smallest are males, thus reversing the sexual dimorphism

from that of other Pristocelis. Bodies, parallel-sided, slender, about 2.5

times longer than wide. In males the pronotum is much larger than in fe-

males.

Color.—In males, head pitch black, the color varying in its extent onto

the face which is rufo-testaceous with black mandibles. Antennae, varying

from pale amber at base to rufo-testaceous distally. Pronotum, with variable

black, limited to a central spot, or a median line, or spreading, with testa-

ceous lateral and sometimes anterior borders. Elytra, in both sexes, black

with testaceous tips, the yellow variable in its forward extension.

In females, the head is variable from ruddy to yellow testaceous, lacking

a black occiput. Pronotum, the same as in the male except for one specimen

which is all bright testaceous.

The ventral sterna and legs are bright yellow-testaceous in both sexes.

Pubescence.—The body is covered with one kind of fairly dense, closely

decumbent short creamy-white hairs. Pronotal fringes of irregular longer

slender hairs. Elytral fringes not distinctive from hairs on the back. Ventral

44 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

hairs are dense clinging creamy-white hairs. In males the sexual segment is

bracketed by conspicuous tufts of many long, straight, black hairs.

Head.—Large in males due to elongated occipito-temporal region. Eyes,

slightly oval, bulging more in females than males. No frontal cord. Labrum,

small and semicircular. Mandibles, large and stout, especially in males.

Antennae, long in males, shorter in females, bristling with short blunt hairs.

Thorax.—Pronotum, transverse, widest about the middle. Apical border

straight in females, more sinuate in males. Apical angles are impressed,

basal angles lost in the even curvature sweeping from the widest part around

the base. Lateral borders are minutely serrulate.

Legs.—Protibiae, somewhat wedge-shaped, with two slender distal spurs

almost concealed by the long slender dark hairs on the anterior apical bor-

der. Comparable hairs on the meso- and metatibiae are even more promi-

nent. A few (3-8) dark, stout spinules are scattered on the outer posterior

borders of the pro- and mesotibiae. Slender tarsal claws with a basal dilation

and appendages as long as the claws.

Elytra.—Slightly constricted and depressed behind the humeri, widest

behind the middle. Epipleura are broad at base, narrowing abruptly, and

disappearing at the bend of the elytra.

Ventral abdomen.—A sixth sternum is visible in both sexes. In males, it

is centrally impressed and bracketed with tufts of long black hairs.

Fourteen specimens, bearing my numbers 1293 and 1314-1326, were col-

lected by the author on flowers of Eriogonum east of Lake Elsinore, Riv-

erside County, California, June 6, 1969. I am pleased to name this species

after my wife who has been an invaluable assistant and constant companion

on many happy collecting trips.

Holotype.—Male, No. 1293, Allotype: female, No. 1319. Paratypes: 5

males and 7 females with the same data.

The holotype and allotype are designated for deposit in the California

Academy of Sciences type collection of insects. Duplicates are designated

for the collections in the Departments of Entomology of the University of

California at Riverside and at Berkeley.

TIrwini and volki are similar in having bright testaceous color in part of the

dorsal aspect, and in having similar epipleura—wide basally and tapering

abruptly before the abdomen, then gradually to the end. Grandiceps and

vandykei are similar in having the central bodies all dark (except for the

terminal ventral abdominal sternum, possibly in females of vandykei) and

in having similar epipleurae—wider basally, and tapering gradually to the

end.

Irwini, grandiceps and volki are striking species. Vandykei is more dif-

ficult to identify as it lacks outstanding features possessed by the other

three. Jrwini has at least three prominent unique features: the pronounced

frontal cord, the pale testaceous elytra with a dark triangular basal spot,

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 45

and the striking single file row of numerous stout spinules on the outer

posterior border of the pro- and mesotibiae.

Grandiceps is outstanding for its dual pubescence with long erect black

hairs. Volki is very small, and also has striking coloration. Its dark elytra

with pale apices, and pronotum with at least testaceous borders and some-

times all testaceous, simplify its identification.

Key to Species in Pristocelis

Dene FOL WARE ON OTe! 9 TEV ET ois oy Wa oan ope gal eet hin ne ee ae gid a Rh 2

Body length averages under 2.7 mm........ vs sce Plea volki new species

2. Body uniformly dark colored, lacking contrasting pale areas dorsally

Pe Taare eden NE et op, wet Oe ho Rn MLR on BE Seite ald 8 ty 3

Pronotum and/or elytra with pale areas on dorsal side ............ 4

3. Dual pubescence, with long erect black hair.....................

pe RR es ae A ee A ola Ae Maar ts ee ee . grandiceps LeConte?

One type of pubescence, more or less recumbent ................

aie Eon he NAGE oe Bap uid elt CREE on Re lv. arahe rene aves Sats vandykei Blaisdell!

4. Elytra pale, with dark triangular configuration at their bases; pro-

tibial comb of 18-25 stout dark spinules ......... irwini new species

Elytra dark with pale tip; pronotum with pale sides at least .......

PEM e zene o. teed WEy Lint ay Matsa a Roaly ox. erase eee volki new species

Footnotes

1 Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr. 1924. Studies in the Melyridae (Coleoptera) III. Pan-Pac. Ent.

I. 15-16.

2 Casey, Thomas. 1895. Coleopterological Notices, VI. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. VIII:

459-460.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 46-50

A NEW SPECIES OF STRIDULIVELIA FROM MEXICO, AND A

NEW SUBGENUS FROM MIDDLE AMERICA

(HEMIPTERA: VELIIDAE)!

JOHN T. POLHEMUS

3115 S. York, Englewood, CO 80110

Hungerford (1929) proposed the new genus Stridulivelia (as a subgenus

of Velia) to hold five new species of water striders from South America and

one species from Middle America. The South American species all possess

stridulatory mechanisms, but cinctipes (Champion), the Middle American

species does not. Since then Drake and Harris (1938, 1941), Drake (1951,

1957) and Drake and Menke (1962) have added six more species. Another

new species is described below.

I have examined all known species of Stridulivelia. Without exception

they have numerous depressed hair-free round or elongate regions on var-

ious parts of the thorax and abdomen and on the jugum of the head (see

Fig. 1; also see plates 1 and 2 in Drake and Menke, 1962). These depressed

areas contain numerous round flat-topped pegs in a rather regular array

(Figs. 2—4). The function of these structures is not known; thin sections

examined under high magnifications (optical microscope) did not reveal any

significant innervation (Polhemus and Moran, unpublished), so a hypothe-

sized function as sound or electromagnetic receptors is refuted. No other

group of veliids possess these depressed areas in a similar arrangement on

the body, therefore Polhemus (1976) proposed that Stridulivelia be given

generic rank.

Drake and Menke (1962) reviewed the Middle American and West Indian

species of Stridulivelia. They pointed out that all Middle American species

lack stridulatory structures. The West Indian species treated, tersa Drake

and Harris from Trinidad, has a stridulatory mechanism, but Trinidad is

zoogeographically part of South America. All South American species pos-

sess stridulatory structures. Drake and Menke apparently did not notice

that the middle tarsi of all Middle American species have blade-like claws

and the down-curving arolium is shaped like a blade (Fig. 5), whereas all

South American species have slender claws and slender arolia. These dif-

ferences and the vicariance pattern indicate an independent development of

these two faunal groups, therefore I propose Aenictovelia new subgenus

[Ainiktos, Gr., enigmatic, and Velia; feminine] to hold the four Middle

American species, i.e., cinctipes (Champion), expeixis Drake and Menke,

pueblana Drake, and secerna new species and type of the subgenus.

All specimens of the new species described below are in the Polhemus

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 47

Figs. 1-4. Stridulivelia (Aenictovelia) secerna n. sp. Fig. 1. Thorax and head, showing

depressed areas; Fig. 2. Depressed areas on abdomen (x 190); Fig. 3. Depressed area (490);

Fig. 4. Pegs in depressed area (x 1950).

collection. The holotype is irrevocably commited to later placement in a

designated type repository. Paratypes will be distributed to various insti-

tutions.

Stridulivelia (Aenictovelia) secerna, new species

Macropterous male.—Elongate, brown; two wedge-shaped patches of sil-

very hairs anterolaterally on pronotom (1 + 1), and two similar elongate

patches (2 + 2) laterally on each hemelytron. Legs, antennae, connexiva,

lateral margins of pronotum and eyes, margins of coxal cavities yellow

brown to orange brown. Dorsum covered with fine recumbent golden pu-

bescence, sparser on head, absent on hemelytra except basally and laterally.

Thoracic pleura almost immaculate; thoracic sterna and abdomen laterally

beneath a row of deep pits, pruinose. Sterna of abdomen with coarse yellow

pubescence, segments 5-7 shining medially.

Head with glabrous median furrow terminating posteriorly between two

crescent shaped furrows (1 + 1) mesad of eyes. Width of eye/interocular

48 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Figs. 5-6. Stridulivelia (Aenictovelia) secerna n. sp. Fig. 5. Tarsal segment III; Fig. 6.

Male paramere.

space, 16/20 (60 units = 1 mm). Head length, 26. Rostrum reaching mid-

way between anterior and middle coxae.

Pronotum length, 103; width across humeral angles, 97; slightly carinate

on mid-line; coarsely pitted caudad of silvery patches, pits deep on margins

and transverse row behind silvery patches, shallow on disc.

Abdomen long (166 caudad of posterior median angle of pronotum); width

67 at middle. Connexival spines short, barely produced. Seventh sternum

tumid posteromedially, tumescence abruptly truncate and excavate poste-

riorly; sterna II and III distinctly carinate on median longitudinal line; pleura

II-IV of male, II and III of female each with a median vertical furrow on

both sides, and sometimes a small depressed spot on tergite V of male and

IV of female. Genital segments long (47), set with long hairs. Male paramere

as shown in Figure 6.

Antenna moderately long, stout, clothed with short recumbent pubes-

cence, and longer setae ventrally on segments IJ-IIJ; segment IV with scat-

tered long setae; segment I curved, segment IV subfusiform; proportions I-

IV, 57:44:37:32. Fore tibia with distal comb, also an adjacent black pad

ventrally; middle tibia with distal comb; posterior tibia with blunt apical

spur. Femora and middle tibia with rather evenly spaced long setae ven-

trally, 10-14 per leg segment; tibia thickly set dorsally with long semi-re-

cumbent setae, hind femora and tibia clothed with such setae. Legs unarmed

except posterior femur armed beneath with about 8 small black spines before

middle, one larger black spine beyond middle (at 0.6 toward distal end)

followed by 9 or 10 small spines decreasing in size distally; anterior to the

latter is an irregular row of 7 similar spines. Posterior femur dark brown

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 49

ventrally, broadly annulated with dark brown beyond middle, dark on distal

one-fourth. Measurements of legs:

Femur Tibia Tarsal 1 Tarsal 2 Tarsal 3

Anterior 77 da 2 3 9

Middle ey 123 2 36 39

Posterior 113 Hl 3 Sa 25

Length, 4.75 mm, width (across humeral angles), 1.6 mm.

Macropterous female.—Very similar to male except legs and antennae

lighter colored. Armature of posterior femur less pronounced; 3—4 small

basal black spines, one slightly larger spine past middle and 5—6 smaller

spines beyond; anterior row consisting of 8—10 small black spines reaching

from basal one-third to distal end.

Length 4.65 mm, width 1.6 mm.

Material examined.—MEXICO: Holotype, macropterous ¢, and allo-

type, macropterous ¢, Chiapas, 11.2 km (7 mi) N of Arriaga, CL1246, XI-

18-1969, J. T. Polhemus. Paratypes as follows: Chiapas, about 600 macrop-

terous 6d and 22, same data as holotype; 1 macropterous 6, Veracruz,

12.8 km (8 mi) NE Tlapacoyan, VII-16-1969, A. S. Menke (paratype of

Velia phriatra Drake and Menke; manuscript name); 120 macropterous

66 and 2 2, Chiapas, W of Rizo de Oro, CL1331, I-14-1970, J. T. Polhe-

mus.

This species is closest to pueblana Drake and epeixis Drake and Menke.

In the Drake and Menke key, the males of secerna will key to pueblana

and the females to epeixis on the basis of the vertical furrows on the ab-

dominal pleura. The whitish last antennal segment given as a key character

by Drake and Menke is not consistently diagnostic, because some specimens

of all four species of the subgenus Aenictovelia have the last antennal seg-

ment yellow brown to whitish.

The tumid and posteriorly truncate male seventh abdominal sternum of

secerna immediately separates it from all other species of the subgenus.

Also, in secerna the metasternum in side view is highest medially, sloping

posteriorly, whereas in the other three species the metasternum is highest

at the posterior margin and is truncate posteriorly.

Literature Cited

Drake, C. J. 1951. New water-striders from the Americas. Rev. de Entomol. 22: 371-378.

Drake, C. J. 1957. New Neotropical water-striders. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70: 111-

118.

Drake, C. J., and H. M. Harris. 1938. Veliidae y Gerridae Sudamericos. Notas Mus. La-

Plata 3: 199-204.

Drake, C.J., and H. M. Harris. 1941. Anew Velia from Trinidad. Rev. de Entomol. 12: 338-339.

Drake, C. J., and A. S. Menke. 1962. Water-striders of the subgenus Stridulivelia from Mex-

ico, Central America and the West Indies. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 113: 413-419.

50 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Hungerford, H. B. 1929. Some new semi-aquatic Hemiptera from South America with a record

of stridulatory devices. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 2: 50-59.

Polhemus, J. T. 1976. A reconsideration of the status of the genus Paravelia Breddin, with

other notes and a check-list of species. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 49: 509-513.

Footnote

1 Contribution from the University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309 and the Martin

Marietta Corporation, Denver, CO 80201.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 50

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION FOR

FRANKLINIELLA TRITICI CLARA MOULTON

This taxon (Moulton, 1948, Rev. de Entomologia 19: 87) was described

as a pale color form in a key to the species of Frankliniella, but neither the

description of the type materials nor the designation of the type was given.

Arnaud and Lee (1973, Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. 105: 35) enumerated

the syntype series of 44 specimens which were so determined by Moulton

and presently deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. This taxon

was synonymized with the nominal species by Jacot-Guillarmod (1974, Ann.

Cape Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist. 7: 827).

The entire series of syntypes was scrutinized. After 6 misidentified spec-

imens were weeded out, the lectotype was selected and 37 paralectotypes

from Illinois, Kansas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Florida and Cuba were

inscribed. F. tritici clara ranges from brownish yellow to pale yellow in

color with limited grayish brown wash on head, and usually with abdominal

brownish blotchings, which are, however, practically indiscernible on some

of the teneral specimens or on many of the mature specimens from the Far

South (southern Texas and southern Florida) and Caribbean islands. A pale

yellow female with weak abdominal blotchings from Arkansas (Monticello,

flowers of buckeye, July 5, 1940, Delzie Demaree, #93, Lot 41-3161) was

selected and so labelled for the lectotype.

K. Sakimura, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96818

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 51-56

A NEW PROTERIADES WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES AND A

KEY TO ITS SUBGENUS (HOPLITINA)

(HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

FRANK D. PARKER

Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory,

Federal Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA,

Utah State Univ., Logan, 84322

Proteriades is an interesting genus of small megachilid bees, usually with

hooked hairs on the mouthparts. It is believed that females use these hairs

to remove pollen from the small corolla tubes of Cryptantha flowers (Tim-

berlake and Michener, 1950). Formerly it was believed that the genus was

an oligolege of Cryptantha and its distribution was mainly California (Hurd

and Michener, 1955). Recently the known distribution of several species has

been extended east of California (LaBerge, 1973; Tepedino, 1974; and Par-

ker, 1977, 1978), and the concept of its floral constancy has changed to

allow for several host families (Parker, 1978).

Recent collecting in our southwestern desert areas has resulted in range

extensions for several species previously known only from California. Also,

an undescribed species of Hoplitina was found. This paper describes the

new species, presents a key to the subgenus Hoplitina and discusses the

distributions of five other species.

Proteriades (Hoplitina) torchioi, new species

(Figs. 1-4, 6)

Holotype male.—Black; reddish laterally on terga 1-4, red area inter-

rupted medially and smaller on successive apical terga; terga 4—6 with apical

reddish brown band, sterna 3—4 reddish brown laterally; wings light brown.

Pubescence short, white, moderate, longest on frons, vertex; mouthparts

without hooked hairs; hair pattern on sterna as follows: 1 with thin fringe

of long apical hairs, 2 with few short scattered hairs, 3 with dense short

wide hair-pad on median apical margin; 4 with thin apical fringe, 5-6 with

thicker apical fringe. Punctation of body rather uniform, pits small adjacent

but separated by smooth integument; clypeus impunctate on summit of basal

bulge, and apical margin; less densely punctate on hypostomal area; ster-

num; hind face of propodeum; propodeal enclosure shagreen; pits on apical

margin of sterna less dense; sterna 1, 2 more coarsely pitted than other

sterna. Maxillary palpus 5 segmented (on paratype); apical clypeal margin

crenulate, slightly thickened, basally swollen, protuberant; scape 3x as long

52 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Figs. 1-9. Fig. 1. Sternum 7 of male P. torchioi. Figs. 2-4. Apical sterna of male P.

torchioi. Fig. 2, enlarged view of apical sterna, genitalia. Fig. 3, sternum 6, note median tufted

lobe. Fig. 4, outline of abdominal sterna (segments extended). Figs. 5—9. Front view of faces

of Hoplitina. Fig. 5, male P. bunocephala. Fig. 6, male P. torchioi. Fig. 7, female P. mo-

Javensis. Fig. 8, female P. bullifacies. Fig. 9, female P. howardi.

as wide (flagellomeres missing); supra antennal area flat except near ocular

margin; distance between lateral ocelli greater than ocellocular distance

(11/sx); distance from lateral ocelli to margin of vertex same as distance

between lateral ocelli; postocciput in outline wider at median than at vertex

(1% x); coxae neither flanged nor produced; legs normal; sterna as follows

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 53

(Figs. 2—4): 1 slightly bowed medioapically, apical margin with small median

excision, 2 with apical margin round greatly expanded, covering sterna 3,

4; 3 with apical margin concave, 4 with apical margin slightly angulate, 5

with apical margin slightly incurved, sternum 6 bilobed with median tufted

swelling (Fig. 3), 7 elongate with truncate apical margin; terga 1—S not

toothed laterally, tergum 6 with small lateral tooth on apical margin, slightly

notched medially; tergum 7 bilobed, space between lateral teeth greater than

width of lobe (Fig. 1), (one lobe broken off of type); apical part of genitalia

as in Fig. 2; length 7 mm; anterior wing 4.5 mm long.

Female.—As in male except usual sexual differences and clypeus mostly

impunctate, margin produced beyond base of mandible, lateral apical margin

angulate, truncate medially, corners round, width of truncation equal to

distance between antennal scrobes, with depressed subapical pit row, base

of clypeus bulbous in side view; frons below median ocellus flat in side

view; terga 1-3 red, 4 only laterally; length 6-7 mm; anterior wing 4.5—5

mm long.

Variation.—The paratype male is more extensively red marked, with only

median black spots on terga 2—6. Also, the clypeus on this specimen is less

punctured (Fig. 6). Females have the same variable red pattern and some

have fewer pits on the clypeus.

Types.—Holotype male; ARIZONA: 8 km (5 mi) N Kingman, Mojave

Co., III-12-72 (P. Torchio, B. Apperson). Paratypes; 2 males. Walker Pass,

Kern Co., Calif. VI-11-62; 6.25 km (10 mi) N Searchlight, Clark Co., Ne-

vada, IV-21-66 (Torchio, Rust, Youssef) Malacothrix. Seven females; AR-

IZONA: 2.5 km (4 mi) W Chloride, Mojave Co., [V-28-72 (P. Torchio, G.

Bohart, F. Parker), Oatman, Mojave Co., IJI-13-72 (P. Torchio, B. Apper-

son). NEVADA: Montgomery Pass, White Mts., VI-27-52 (S. Tirgari), VI-

22-62 (G. Bohart) Mentzelia; Alamo, IV-28-73 (F. Parker, P. Torchio). Ho-

lotype deposited in the collection at the U.S. National Museum, No. 76201.

Paratypes in the collection of the Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory

at Logan, Utah.

Range.—Desert areas of So. California, Nevada, and Arizona.

Systematics.—The male of P. torchioi resembles P. lindsdalei (Michener)

as both species have the long bilobed tergum 7. However, differences in

sternal characters readily distinguish them, as stated in the following key.

The females of P. torchioi resemble those of P. mojavensis (Michener), as

both species have a shiny, mostly impunctate clypeus. The depressed sub-

apical pit row and the flat supra antennal area of P. torchioi distinguish it

from P. mojavensis. The enlarged sternum 2 of male P. torchioi is unique

among species of Hoplitina. The formation of sterna 2 and 7 closely resem-

bles that found in subgenera with hooked hairs on their mouthparts, such

as Acrosmia and Penteriades. Perhaps the presence or absence of hooked

hairs on the mouthparts is an unnatural means of separating subgenera in

54 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Proteriades. The peculiar, raised, tufted lobe of sternum 6 is characteristic

of species of Proteriades, but its configuration varies among the species.

Biology.—Pollen removed from the scopa of field-collected females was

identified as Hydrophyllaceae (Nama, Phacelia)—65.8%, Asteraceae (Ma-

lacothrix)—23.5%, and Fabaceae (Lotus ?)—16.0%. All females had Aster-

aceae pollens, but three females had most Hydrophyllaceae pollen and two

females had mostly Fabaceae pollen.

Key to Species of Hoplitina

Males

1. Apical margin of sternum 2 produced into a blunt spine or snout-like

PIES ee LEI cece ee ales Seg ae steal A ieee 2

Apical margin of sternum 2 round, without median projection .... 3

2. Clypeus with large keel-like tubercle at base (Fig. 5); tergum 7 trun-

cate apically; mid-coxa not flanged ........ bunocephala (Michener)

Clypeus evenly convex; tergum 7 bilobed as in Fig. 1; mid-coxa with

SV GSHS b/g) Er 1 i= Smee Ong eres ne ae cg ee Ree EE. ey he eee lindsdalei (Michener)

3. Sternum | nearly flat; apical margin of sterna 3-4 strongly concave;

vertex without appressed pubescence........... 0.0 c cece e eee 4

Sternum 1 with large bulbous keel; apical margin of sternum 3 fairly

straight; vertex with short appressed pubescence ..............

Sian Mee ee UE ies te PN Ue ED es |e ae a bullifacies (Michener)

4. Apical margin of sternum 2 round, but not covering sterna 3-4; ter-

gum 7 weekly excavated medially or truncate ................. 5

Apical margin of sternum 2 expanded and covering sterna 3-4; ter-

gum 7 strongly bilobed (Fig. 1), excavated areas wider than lateral

CITED cle dey 3p i et oan mee eecirgol a e . aepenl 2 Rapa ln 2 torchioi Parker

5. Tergum 7 truncate apically .................. mojavensis (Michener)

Tergum 7 with small U-shaped excision apically .................

Females

1. Clypeus without keel-like swelling at base ................0 000 0- 2

Clypeus with prominent keel-like swelling at base ...............

se esd ee ees compar ees imate Tt tere ee ecole ry bunocephala (Michener)

2. Clypeus uniformly punctured or surface shagreen; distance between

lateral ocelli 74 distance of ocellocular area ..............00005 3

Clypeus mostly impunctate, shiny (Fig. 7); distance between lateral

ocelli greater than ocellocular distance........... 0... cece ee eee 4

3. Clypeus flat, evenly pitted (Fig. 9), vertex without appressed pu-

DESCEN Ce ve. ore es. an eee howardi (Michener)

VOLUME 55, NUMBER I 55

Clypeus bulbous, surface shagreen (Fig. 8), vertex with appressed

SUIS Se eS RF gars tate eset te! Sea bullifacies (Michener)

4. Clypeus with depressed subapical pit row, pits oblong; supra anten-

TR Leet HL Ug Se dn, Sy ee cose sl Se gtieett ateeantis Hewte, ecg a wecged torchioi Parker

Clypeus with few large scattered, evenly formed pits; supra clypeal

Ash RG 7 6] Al ct ( BEng) Rome oe Be ee ney ee mojavensis (Michener)

Proteriades (Penteriades) remotula (Cockerell)

A female of this species was collected 23 mi SW Lordsburg, New Mexico

on Cryptantha. This species was known previously only from California.

Proteriades (Proteriades) deserticola Timberlake and Michener

The range of this species has been extended from California to the fol-

lowing localities in Arizona: 15 mi E Topock; Lake Havasu City, 10 mi S

Lake Havasu City; 11 mi N Quartzsite, and 5 mi E Parker.

Proteriades (Proteriades) pygmaea Timberlake and Michener

This species was previously known only from California, but it has been

collected at the following locations in Arizona: Oatman (Mojave Co.), 10 mi

S Oatman, Lake Havasu City, and 15 mi E Topock.

Proteriades (Xerosmia) xerophila (Cockerell)

The distribution of this black desert species now includes Arizona since

I recovered several nests of P. xerophila from trap stems placed at 10 mi

S Oatman.

Proteriades (Hoplitina) mojavensis (Michener)

The distribution of this species is extended from California to eastern

Nevada, as I have reared P. mojavensis from trap stems placed at 7 mi NE

Ash Springs, Nye Co., Nevada.

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to C. D. Michener for examining the new species prior

to publication. The author is indebted to G. E. Bohart (Utah State Univer-

sity) and W. J. Hanson (Utah State University) for their manuscript reviews.

J. Brogdon prepared the illustrations. Ms. C. Hatley identified the pollen.

Literature Cited

Hurd, P., and C. Michener. 1955. The megachilid bees of California. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv.

3. 248 pp.

56 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

LaBerge, W. 1973. The bee genus Proteriades in South Dakota. Entomol. News 84: 160.

Parker, F. 1976. A new Proteriades reared from trap stems, its biology and nest associates.

Pan-Pac. Entomol. 52: 73-80.

Parker, F. 1977. A new Proteriades from New Mexico with biological notes. J. Kans.

Entomol. Soc. 50: 317-323.

Parker, F. 1978. Biology of the bee genus Proteriades Titus. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 51:

145-173.

Tepedino, V. 1974. The bee genus Proteriades in Wyoming. Entomol. News 85: 146.

Timberlake, P., and C. Michener. 1950. The bees of the genus Proteriades. Univ. Kan. Sci.

Bull. 33: 387-440. >

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 57-60

A NEW APTEROUS SPECIES OF ARADIDAE FROM

KENYA (HEMIPTERA)

NICHOLAS A. KORMILEV

Entomology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI

The genus Usumbaraia Kormilev, 1956, was established for reception of

two apterous species, Usumbaraia ampliata Kormilev and U. elongata

Kormilev, both from Tanganyika. The third species is now described from

Kenya. The three species are not very closely related, differing by the shape

of head, pronotum and the tip of abdomen. The new species is distinctly

pilose, whereas the first two are naked.

All measurements were taken by micromillimeter eyepiece, 25 units = 1

mm. In ratios the first figure represents the length and the second the width

of the measured portion.

Usumbaraia arnaudi, new species

(Figs. 1—2)

Female.—Elongate subtriangular, widening backward until connexivum

V, then narrowing; postero-exterior angles of connexiva VII produced back-

ward as large, flat, rounded lobes. The whole body sparsely covered with

fine, rusty, decumbent hairs. Apterous.

Head.—Longer than its width across eyes (75:50). Anterior process very

long and deeply cleft, projecting beyond tip of antennal segment I; clypeus

raised, 12 as long as the whole anterior process; genae very long, cleft, with

diverging tips. Antenniferous spines dentiform, very strong and diverging.

Eyes small, semiglobose, protruding. Postocular borders straight and con-

verging backward, terminating with 2 (1 + 1) strong, acute spines, directed

sideways and slightly backward. Hind border behind postocular spines

rounded and festooned because of rough, round granulation. Vertex raised

in the shape of rhomboid, deeply incised anteriorly and rounded posteriorly,

with Y-shaped, deep, median sulcus, extending from antenniferous spines

to hind border of head. Infraocular callosities rounded anteriorly and ta-

pering posteriorly, depressed along inner and outer borders. Antennae 1.79

as long as width of head across eyes (89.5:50); antennal segment I stout and

clavate, II tapering toward base, III barely tapering toward base, IV fusi-

form; relative length of antennal segments I to IV are: 30:14:31:14.5. Labium

preapical, arising from split atrium and not reaching hind border of labial

groove, which is closed posteriorly. Ventral side of head laterad of labial

58 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

@ con

Figs. 1 and 2. Usumbaraia arnaudi n. sp., 2. Fig. 1, Head, pronotum and mesonotum;

Fig. 2, Tip of abdomen, from above.

groove transversely rugose and with 2 (1 + 1) longitudinal carinae sublat-

erally.

Pronotum.—Subrectangular, shorter than its maximum width across

posterolateral angles (35:75) anterio-lateral angles rounded. Collar robust

and sinuate anteriorly, fused posteriorly with a stout, transverse ridge. Be-

tween collar and anterior borders 2 (1 + 1) deep, rounded incisions. Ante-

rior borders evenly rounded, forming an arc with lateral borders. Hind

border slightly convex medially and sinuate laterally. Disc with a deep me-

dian sulcus extending from transverse ridge to hind border, flanked by

2 (1 + 1) large, flat, round elevations and further laterad with 2 (1 + 1)

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 59

narrow, curved ridges; deeply depressed between ridges and elevations

and along borders.

Mesonotum.—Wide and short (35:95), medially produced backward into

long, scutellum-like, rhomboidal plate; the latter with a double median ca-

rina, not reaching fore border and obliterated posteriorly; all borders of

rhomboidal plate carinate; disc, laterad of rhomboidal plate, with 6 (3 + 3)

oblique elevations and 2 (1 + 1) sublateral carinae.

Metanotum.—Separated into two large, uneven plates, separated from

mesonotum by deep, and from tergum I and connexivum II by thin, sulci.

Lateral borders almost straight, slightly diverging backward and terminating

into 2 (1 + 1) small, angular processes.

Abdomen.—Longer than its maximum width across segment V (165:135)

with rounded lateral borders from II to V, produced backward into 2 (1 +

1) large, flat, rounded lobes on VII. 2 (1 + 1) acute, flat paratergites placed

at lower level than connexiva VII. Segment IX tricuspidate placed lower

than paratergites. Terga I and II separated from metanotum and from each

other by thin, transverse sulci, and from central dorsal plate by a deeper

sulcus. Central dorsal plate consisting of segments IiI to VI, is subrectan-

gular, with slightly convex borders and rather flat. Median ridge is wide and

flat, acute anteriorly and truncate posteriorly, flanked by 2 (1 + 1) rows of

larger, and by 2(1 + 1) rows of smaller, round callous spots, each surround-

ed with carinate borders. Tergum VII raised and then depressed medially.

Connexiva flat, each with 2 (one larger and one smaller) round, callous spots

along inner borders. Connexiva II and III semifused together. Posteroex-

terior angles of connexiva II not protruding, III to VI progressively more

protruding, VII, as was said, produced into large, rounded lobes. Spiracles

II to VII ventral, placed far from border, VIII lateral and visible from

above. Metathoracic scent gland opening long and moderately gaping,

slightly visible from above.

Prosternum.—With inverted **T’’-shaped median ridge. Meso- and meta-

sternum flat.

Legs.—Trochanters free; femora and tibiae cylindrical, unarmed; tarsi

with bristle-like arolias.

Color.—Black; labium and tarsi at base, yellow brown.

Total length 12.80 mm; width of pronotum 3.00 mm; width of abdomen

5.40 mm.

Holotype 2, Kenya, Wundanyi, Teita Hills, 1450 m, 1.XI.1957, E. S.

Ross & R. E. Leech leg.; deposited at California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco.

It is a pleasure to dedicate this striking species to Dr. Paul H. Ar-

naud, Jr.

Usumbaraia arnaudi is more related to U. elongata Kormilev 1956, but

may be separated from it by the longer and more cleft genae, produced

60 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

beyond the tip of antennal segment I, by the postocular spines more devel-

oped, by the anterolateral angles of pronotum evenly rounded, by the disc

with 2 (1 + 1) large, flat, round elevations laterad of the median sulcus, by

the larger and more rounded lobes of connexivum VII, and by the parater-

gites (2) larger and produced beyond tips of lobes of VII.

Acknowledgment

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Curator

and Chairman, Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sci-

ences, San Francisco, by whose kind offices I have had the priviledge of

studying this striking specimen.

Literature Cited

Kormilev, N. A. 1956. Notes on Aradidae from the Eastern Hemisphere IX (Hemiptera);

Aradidae from the Ethiopian Region. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 12, 9: 250-256, 5 figs.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 61-71

NEW HOST RECORDS FOR ACANTHOSCELIDES

(COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)

CLARENCE DAN JOHNSON

Dept. of Biol. Sci., Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, 86011

Many new records for species of the seed beetle genus Acanthoscelides

have recently been published in revisions (Johnson, 1970), new species de-

scriptions and ecological papers (Johnson and Kingsolver, 1971; Johnson

1974a, b; 1977a, b, c; Bottimer, 1969a, 1969b). Additional records for the

genus have become available and need to be published so that they may be

used in review ecological and taxonomic papers currently in preparation. I

have listed these new, unpublished records below. The last two records are

from the Tiliaceae but the rest are from the Leguminosae. Those species of

Acanthoscelides listed by number were examined and found to be suffi-

ciently different from named forms or too variable to be given a name.

Revisionary studies currently under way will provide names for these en-

tities in the near future.

Acknowledgments

I thank J. M. Kingsolver for verifications of identifications of bruchids;

D. H. Janzen for host records; D. E. Bright and E. Becker for making

available the host records of L. J. Bottimer; R. Liesner, T. Croat, J. Strother

and R. Barneby for identifications of the plants; and M. Johnson and R.

Johnson for help in collecting seeds and plants.

Special thanks are due to the Insect Identification and Beneficial Insect

Introduction Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture under Grants 12-14-

100-9187(33) and 12-14-100-9970(33) which provided funds for collecting

most of the records; and National Science Foundation Grant DEB78-05962

which provided funds for compilation of the data.

In the text of this paper, C. D. Johnson is abbreviated CDJ and L. J.

Bottimer LJB.

Acanthoscelides aureolus (Horn)

1. Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee

Grassland Pasture, Nunn, 6 August 1971 (J. Chu).

2. A. bisulcatus var. bisulcatus: Utah. Uintah Co.: ca 4900’, 3 mi N

Jensen, 14 July 1977 (CDJ #52-77).

3. A. drummondii Douglas: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee Grassland Pas-

ture, Nunn, 2 & 30 July & 6 August 1971 (J. Chu).

62 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

4. A. grayii Parry ex Wats.: Wyoming. Fremont Co.: Moneta, 23 July

1976 (collector unknown).

5. A. humistratus A. Gray: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee Grassland Pas-

ture, Nunn, 15 & 17 July 1976 (R. Lavigne).

6. A. pattersoni Gray: Colorado. Mesa Co.: Fruita, 28 December 1937

(LJB #76v).

7. A. praelongus var. lonchopus Barneby: Arizona. Navajo Co.: ca

‘5500’, 9 mi NE Kayenta, 16 July 1977 (CDJ #62-77).

8. A. racemosus (Pursh): South Dakota. Stanley Co.: 10 mi S Pierre, 28

December 1937 (H. M. Trelease, collector; LJB #76u).

9. Oxytropis sericea Nutt.: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee Grassland Pas-

ture, Nunn, 2 & 6 August 1971 (J. Chu & R. L. Lavigne).

A. biustulus (Fall)

1. Desmodium cinerascens Gray: Arizona. Pima Co.: 5000’, Madera Can-

yon, Santa Rita Mts., 9 September 1925 (LJB #54 n 8). Cochise Co.: 1 mi

NW Bisbee, 7 October 1977 (CDJ #121-77).

2. D. neomexicanum Gray: Arizona. Pima Co.: Madera Canyon, Santa

Rita Mts., 9 September 1925 (LJB #54 n 9).

A. chiricahuae (Fall)

1. Mimosa brandegei Robinson: Mexico. Baja California Sur: ca 1600’,

9 mi S El Triunfo, 26 December 1975 (CDJ #124-75).

2. M. laxiflora Bentham: Mexico. Sonora: ca 3 mi W San Carlos Bay, 22

December 1972 (CDJ #139-72).

3. M. palmeri Rose: Mexico. Sonora: 14 mi W Alamos, 24 February 1973

(CDJ #166-73).

4. M. monancistra Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: Chapala, 17 August 1949

(LJB #125s).

A. Clitellarius (Fahraeus)

1. Acacia aff. riparia? HBK: Mexico. Jalisco: 56 mi S Puerto Vallarta,

9 March 1973 (CDJ #448-73).

2. Piptadenia flava? (Spreng.) Benth.: Mexico. Jalisco: 34 mi NW Barra

de Navidad, 9 March 1973 (CDJ #439-73).

A. collusus (Fall)

1. Amorpha canescens (Nutt.) Pursh: Nebraska National Forest, Halsey,

Nebraska, 14 November 1931 (LJB #63v).

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 63

A. difficilis (Sharp)

1. Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Santa Rosa

N.P., 15 February 1976 (D. H. Janzen).

A. distinguendus (Horn)

1. Rhynchosia difformis (Ell.) DC: Florida. Alachua Co.: Gainesville, 21

August 1960 (LJB #1081).

2. R. galactioides Endl. ex Walp.: Florida. Santa Rosa Co.: 4 mi SW

Milton, 4 August 1954 (LJB #108k).

A. floridae (Horn)

1. Amorpha fruticosa Linnaeus: Florida. Pinellas Co.: Dunedin, 1 Feb-

ruary 1930 (LJB #580); Alachua Co.: Gainesville, 17 October 1938 (LJB

#810). Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Grounds, 8 September 1927, 13

March 1931, 29 May 1928, Fall 1929 (LJB ##54u4, 61z, 54x9, 59d). Mary-

land. Prince Georges Co.: College Park, 4 November 1942 (LJB #82f).

Michigan: LaSalle, 10 September 1934 (LJB #69w). South Dakota. Union

Co.: Vermillion, 29 December 1942 (LJB #82a). Oklahoma. Payne Co.:

Stillwater, 5 January 1943 (H.I. Featherly, collector; LJB #82c). Texas:

Lake Charlotte, 24 September 1923 (LBJ #52c5S).

A. fraterculus (Horn)

1. Astragalus caryocarpus Ker-Gawl.: Canada. Manitoba: Aweme, 23

May 1930 (R. M. White; LJB #878).

2. A. crassicarpus Nutt. var. paysonii: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee

Grassland Pasture, Nunn, 15 July 1977 (R. Lavigne).

3. A. hyalinus M. E. Jones: Wyoming. Albany Co.: Jelm, 29 August 1976

(R. Lavigne).

4. A. missouriensis Nutt.: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee Grassland Pas-

ture, Nunn, 1 June 1972 (R. Lavigne).

5. A. pattersoni Gray: Colorado. Mesa Co.: Fruita, 28 December 1937

(S. F. Trelease; LJB #76v).

6. A. pectinatus Dougl. ex Hook.: Colorado. Weld Co.: Pawnee Grass-

land Pasture, Nunn, 29 July, 5 & 6 August 1971 (J. Chu).

A. kingsolveri Johnson

1. Indigofera lindheimeriana Scheele: Texas. Uvalde Co.: Concan, 6 July

1947 (LJB #88).

64 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

A. lobatus (Fall)

1. Astragalus humistratus Gray: Arizona. Coconino Co.: base, south

slope Mt. Elden, Flagstaff, 16 September 1972 (CDJ #64-72).

2. A. mollisimus Torr. var. bigelovii (Gray) Barneby: Arizona. Cochise

Co.: ca 4000’, Bisbee-Douglas Int. Airport, ca 8 mi N Douglas, 11 June 1977

(CDJ #35-77).

3. A. mollisimus var. marcidus (Rydb.) Barneby: Texas. Brewster Co.:

Marathon, 19 June 1957 (LJB #1001); Big Bend National Park: Basin, 20

June 1957 (LBJ #100t); Green Gulch, 20 June 1957 and 14 May 1959 (LBJ

#100u & 104a).

A. longistilus (Horn)

1. Lespedeza capitata Michx.: New Jersey. Ocean Co.: Lakehurst, 17

June 1934 (LJB #691); Camden Co.: Haddon Heights, July 1935, 19 July

1932, 8 July 1931 (LJB ##67z, 63s, 62s); Ocean Co.: Forked River, 17 June

1934 (LJB #690); Atlantic Co.: Mays Landing, July 1933 (LJB #790); Mar-

mora, 4 July 1938 (LJB #78c). New York. Suffolk Co.: Westbury, Long

Island, 22 July 1937 (LJB #76c).

2. L. texana Britt. ex Small: Texas. Kerr Co.: Kerrville, 7 July 1950 and

4 October 1955 (LIB ##91ly & 96q).

3. L. virginica (L.) Britt.: Texas. Bastrop Co.: Bastrop State Park, 15

April 1959 (LJB #103k).

A. macrophthalmus (Schaeffer)

1. Leucaena esculenta Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: ca 5100’, 5 mi S Za-

coalco, 6 March 1973 (CDJ #348-73); Chapala, 16 August 1949 (LJB #125p).

2. L. lanceolata Wats.: Mexico. Sinaloa: 3 mi SE Escuinapa, 10 March

1973 (CDJ #485-73); Sonora: 2 mi E Alamos, 29 December 1977 (CDJ #188-

TT).

3. L. macrophylla Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: ca 4000’, 8 mi N Tonila, 6

March 1973 (CDJ #361-73).

4. L. pulverulenta (Schl.) Bentham: Texas. Hidalgo Co.: McAllen, July

1923 (LJB #52a). Cameron Co.: Brownsville, 29 October 1927 & 21 Sep-

tember 1947 (LIB ##54w & 89e). Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi, 8 September

1963 (LJB #116t).

5. L. retusa Benth. ex Gray: Texas. Kimble Co.: Junction, 26 August

1924 & 14 September 1946 (LIB ##52x6 & 87e); Sutton Co.: Sonora, 8

August 1961 (LJB #112j); Schleicher Co.: El Dorado, 6 August 1947 (H. R.

Reed, collector; LJB #90f).

6. L. salvadorensis Standley: San Andres, El Salvador, 6 June 1958 (LJB

# 102d).

VOLUME 55, NUMBER I 65

A. mexicanus (Sharp)

1. Mimosa nr. albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Jalisco: 34 & 52 mi NW

Barra de Navidad, 9 March 1973 (CDJ ##437-73 & 443-73); 56 mi S Puerto

Vallarta, 9 March 1973 (CDJ #451-73).

2. M. brandegei Robinson: Mexico. Baja California Sur: ca 1600’, 9 mi

S El Triunfo, 26 December 1975 (CDJ #124-75).

3. M. laxiflora Bentham: Mexico. Sonora: 13 mi E Navojoa, 25 December

1972 (CDJ #167-72).

4. M. monancistra Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: Chapala, 17 August 1949

(LJB #125s).

5. M. palmeri Rose: Mexico. Sonora: Lake Mocuzari, 24 December 1972

(CDJ #150-72); 14 mi W Alamos, 24 February 1973 (CDJ #166-73).

6. M. pudica Linnaeus: Panama. Canal Zone: Summitt Gardens, Sum-

mitt, 27 January 1964 (LJB #119r).

7. M. setigera Brit. & Rose: Mexico. Jalisco: 15 mi W Magdalena, 30

December 1972 (CDJ #202-72).

A. mixtus (Horn)

1. Astragalus praelongus var. lonchopus Barneby: Arizona. Navajo Co.:

ca 5500’, 9 mi NE Kayenta, 16 July 1977 (CDJ #62-77).

2. A. thurberi Gray: Arizona. Cochise Co.: ca 4000’, 4 mi W Douglas, 11

June 1977 (CDJ #33-77); ca 4000’, Bisbee-Douglas Int. Airport, ca 8 mi N

Douglas, 11 June 1977 (CDJ #34-77).

A. modestus (Sharp)

1. Aeschynomene rudis Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: lakeside, 3 mi W Cha-

pala, 4 January 1973 (CDJ #55-73).

A. obrienorum Johnson

1. Cassia villosa Mill.: Mexico. Baja California Sur: ca 1600’, 9 mi S El

Triunfo, 26 December 1975 (CDJ #122-75).

2. Cassia armata Wats.: California. San Bernardino Co.: 2100’, 21 mi W

Needles, 8 August 1978 (CDJ #249-78).

A. obsoletus (Say)

1. Tephrosia ambigua D. Dietr.: Florida. Orange Co.: Orlando, 25 June

1928 (LJB #55a9).

2. T. spicata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray: Florida. Polk Co.: Polk City, 13 June

1929 (LJB #55c6).

3. T. virginica Bigel.: Virginia: Barcroft, 6 September 1927 (LBJ #54u1).

66 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

A. obvelatus

1. Phaseolus glabellus Piper: Mexico. Hidalgo: Tlauchinal, summer 1978

(A. Delgado).

A. oregonensis Johnson

1. Petalostemum ornatus Dougl. ex Hook.: Washington: Kennewick, 10

October 1937 (collector unknown).

A. perforatus (Horn)

1. Astragalus canadensis Linnaeus: Washington, D.C. 8 March 1931

(LJB #61x).

A. pertinax (Sharp)

1. Aeschynomene sp.: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Santa Rosa N.P., 31 De-

cember 1975 (D. H. Janzen).

A. pullus (Fall)

1. Astragalus thurberi Gray: Arizona. Cochise Co.: ca 4000’, Bisbee-

Douglas Int. Airport, ca 8 mi N Douglas, 11 June 1977 (CDJ #34-77).

2. A. trichopodus A. Gray var. lonchus (M. E. Jones) Barneby: Mexico.

Baja California: ca 2 mi S San Quintin, 20 December 1975 (CDJ #85-75).

A. quadridentatus (Schaeffer)

1. Mimosa berlandieri A. Gray ex Torr.: Texas. Hidalgo Co.: 4 mi S

Pharr, 24 October 1947 (LJB #90c).

2. M. galeottii Bentham: Mexico: Morelos. 7500’, 18 February 1925 (LJB

#53n6).

A. rufovittatus (Schaeffer)

1. Tephrosia cana Brandeg.: Mexico. Baja California Sur: 4 mi E Cabo

San Lucas, 27 December 1975 (CDJ #134-75).

2. T. cinerea Pers.: Mexico. Jalisco: 10 mi S Puerto Vallarta, 9 March

1973 (CDJ #461-73).

3. T. thurberi (Rydb.) C. E. Wood: Arizona. Pima Co.: Bog Springs

Camp, Madera Canyon, 14 October 1976 (CDJ #47-76). Cochise Co.: Ram-

sey Canyon, 28 September 1956 (LJB #98r).

A. schrankiae (Horn)

1. Mimosa nr. albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Jalisco: 34 mi NW Barra

de Navidad, 9 March 1973 (CDJ #437-73).

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 67

2. M. quadrivalis Linnaeus: Mexico. Jalisco: ca 1200’, 18 mi N Barra de

Navidad, 2 January 1973 (CDJ #13-73).

3. M. setigera Brit. & Rose: Mexico. Jalisco: 15 mi W Magdalena, 30

December 1972 (CDJ #202-72).

4. Schrankia microphylla (Dryand.) Standl.: Texas. Liberty Co.: Liberty,

11 & 15 September 1923 (LJB #52b6); Cass Co.: Maud, 2 August 1955 (LJB

#951). Florida. Polk Co.: Lake Alfred, 24 June 1928 (LJB #54z7).

5. S. roemeriana (Scheele) Blankenship: Texas: Bexar Co., 19 June 1962

(LBJ #113c); Kerr Co.: Kerrville, Fall 1947 (LBJ); Menard Co.: Menard,

16 June 1946 (LJB #85z).

A. seminulum (Horn)

1. Dalea aurea Pursh: Texas. Johnson Co.: Cleburne State Park, 27 July

1959 (LJB #105a).

2. D. enneandra Nutt.: Texas. Johnson Co.: 9 mi S Cleburne, 2 August

1959 (LJB #105d). Menard Co.: Menard, 6 July 1946 (LJB #87h).

3. D. frutescens Gray: Texas. Kerr Co.: Kerrville, 6 October 1958 (LJB

#104u).

4. Petalostemum feayi; Chapm.: Florida. Polk Co.: Lake Alfred, 22 & 27

August 1929 (LJB #56w); Lake Alfred, 7 September 1929 (LJB #56s).

5. P. stanfieldii Small: Texas. Menard Co.: Menard, 20 June 1946 (LJB

#86m).

A. submuticus (Sharp)

1. Amorpha fruticosa var. angustifolia Pursh: Texas. Dallas Co.: Dallas,

14 & 20 October 1927 (LJB #54v); NE of Dallas, 19 October 1927 (LJB

#54v4).

Acanthoscelides tridenticulatus Bottimer

1. Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 4000’, 27 mi

SE Tepic, 2 March 1973 (CDJ #312-73).

A. zeteki Kingsolver

1. Cajanus bicolor DC: Panama. Canal Zone: Frijoles, 2 January 1964

(LJB #1180).

2. Rhynchosia calycosa Hemsl.: Panama. Canal Zone: Barro Colorado

Island, end of Barbour Trail, 24 February 1964 (LJB #1210).

Acanthoscelides sp. #1

1. Aeschynomene americana Linnaeus: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 3500’, 24 mi

NW Ixtlan Del Rio, 5 January 1973 (CDJ #77-73).

68 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Acanthoscelides sp. #2

1. Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC: Mexico. Jalisco: hillside, 4 mi W

Chapala, 4 January 1973 (CDJ #50-73); ca 4000’, 27 mi W Magdalena, 5

January 1973 (CDJ #72-73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #3

1. Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC: Mexico. Jalisco: hillside, 4 mi W

Chapala, 4 January 1973 (CDJ #50-73). Sonora: Lake Mocuzari, 22 Decem-

ber 1976 & 29 December 1977 (CDJ ##130-76 & 192-77); ca 0.5 mi E Ala-

mos, 28 December 1977 (CDJ #187-77).

Acanthoscelides sp. #4

1. Aeschynomene sp.: Costa Rica. Guanacaste. Santa Rosa N.P., 31 De-

cember 1975 (D. H. Janzen).

Acanthoscelides sp. #5

1. Acacia cornigera (Linnaeus) Willd.: Mexico. Veracruz: 10 mi E Aca-

yucan, 15 June 1968 (CDJ #116-68).

Acanthoscelides sp. #6

1. Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.: Mexico. Jalisco: ca 1200’, 18 mi N

Barra de Navidad, 2 January 1973 (CDJ #14-73). Nayarit: 43 mi SW Com-

postela, 28 February 1973 (CDJ #270-73); 3 mi SE Sayulita, 1 March 1973

(CDJ #279-73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #7

1. Dalea aff. submontana Rose: Mexico. Jalisco: hillside, 4 mi W Cha-

pala, 4 January 1973 (CDJ #51-73); lakeside, 3 mi W Chapala, 4 January

1973 (CDJ #54-73); ca 4200’, 4 mi SE Tequila, 5 January 1973 (CDJ #60-

73). Nayarit: ca 3500’, 24 mi NW Ixtlan Del Rio, 5 January 1973 (CDJ #79-

73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #8

1. Desmodium adscendens DC: Panama. Canal Zone: Frijoles, 26 De-

cember 1963 (LJB #119f).

2. D. intortum Urb.: Panama. Chiriqui: Volcan de Chiriqui, 7 January

1964 (LJB #123g).

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 69

Acanthoscelides sp. #9

1. Eysenhardtia texana Scheele: Texas. Val Verde Co.: Comstock, July

1957 (LJB #100e).

Acanthoscelides sp. #10

1. Leucaena lanceolata Wats.: Mexico. Sinaloa: 4 mi N Mazatlan, 29

December 1972 (CDJ #195-72); 33 mi N Mazatlan, 7 January 1973 (CDJ

# 126-73); near beach, 6 mi N Mazatlan, 26 February 1973 (CDJ #217-73);

3 mi SE Escuinapa, 10 March 1973 (CDJ #485-73). Nayarit: 2 mi E San

Blas, 6 January 1973 (CDJ #98-73); 8 mi S Acaponeta, 27 February 1973

(CDJ #237-73); 14 mi SE Sayulita, 1 March 1973 (CDJ #296-73); 8 mi S

Acaponeta, 10 March 1973 (CDJ #480-73).

2. L. macrophylla Bentham: Mexico. Jalisco: ca 4000’, 8 mi N Tonila, 6

March 1973 (CDJ #361-73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #11

1. Leucaena lanceolata Wats.: Mexico. Sinaloa: 4 mi N Mazatlan, 29

December 1972 (CDJ #195-72); near beach, 6 mi N Mazatlan, 26 February

1973 (CDJ #217-73). Nayarit: 43 mi SW Compostela, 28 February 1973 (CDJ

#274-73). Jalisco: ca 1200’, 18 mi N Barra de Navidad, 2 January 1973 (CDJ

## 19-73 & 21-73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #12

1. Leucaena esculenta Bentham: Mexico. Veracruz: 10 mi E Acayucan,

15 June 1968 (CDJ #115-68).

Acanthoscelides sp. #13

1. Lysiloma divaricata (Jacq.) Macbride: Mexico. Oaxaca: 3500’, 51 mi

SE Oaxaca, 6 July 1968 (CDJ #229-68).

Acanthoscelides sp. #14

1. Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 4000’, 27 mi SE

Tepic, 2 March 1973 (CDJ #313-73).

Acanthoscelides sp. #15

1. Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Veracruz: 4200’, 5 mi NE

Huatusco, 12 June 1968 (CDJ #77-68).

70 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Acanthoscelides sp. #16

1. Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl.: Mexico. Veracruz: 4200’, 5 mi NE

Huatusco, 12 June 1968 (CDJ #77-68).

Acanthoscelides sp. #17

1. Mimosa pigra Linnaeus: Mexico. Nayarit: 3 mi S Rosa Morada, 26

August 1965 (CDJ); 12 mi N Rosa Morada, 12 July 1968 (CDJ #278-68).

2. M. dormiens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.: Mexico. Sinaloa: 8 mi SE

Mazatlan, 23 August 1965 (CDJ).

Acanthoscelides sp. #18

1. Triumfetta lappula Linnaeus: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 2800’, 6 mi NW

Tepic, 5 January 1973 (CDJ #92-73). (Tiliaceae)

Acanthoscelides sp. #19

1. Heliocarpus attenuatus S. Wats.: Mexico. Sonora: 28 December 1977

(CDJ #181-77). (Tiliaceae)

Acanthoscelides sp. #20

1. Dalea cliffortiana Willd.: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 3500’, 24 mi NW Ixtlan

Del Rio, 5 January 1973 (CDJ #75-73).

2. D. leporina (Ait.) Bullock: Mexico. Jalisco: lakeside, 3 mi W Chapala,

4 January 1973 (CDJ #56-73).

3. D. scandens (Mill.) R. T. Clausen var. occidentalis (Rydb). Barneby:

Mexico. Jalisco: ca 1400’, 20 mi N Barra de Navidad, 8 March 1973 (CDJ

# 432-73).

4. D. tomentosa (Cav.) Willd. var. tomentosa: Mexico. Nayarit: ca 4000’,

27 mi SE Tepic, 2 March 1973 (CDJ #310-73).

Literature Cited

Bottimer, L. J. 1969a. Two new Acanthoscelides (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from southern

United States with notes on related species. Can. Entomol. 101: 975-983.

Bottimer, L. J. 1969b. Bruchidae associated with Mimosa with the description of a new

species. Can. Entomol. 101: 1186-1198.

Johnson, C. D. 1970. Biosystematics of the Arizona, California, and Oregon species of the

seed beetle genus Acanthoscelides Schilsky (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Univ. Calif. Publ.

Entomol. 59: 1-116.

Johnson, C. D. 1974a. A new Acanthoscelides from Indigofera (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

Coleopterists Bull. (1973) 27: 169-174.

Johnson, C. D. 1974b. Ecology of two Acanthoscelides from Indigofera with a description

of a new species (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Jour. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 47: 268-278.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 71

Johnson, C. D. 1977a. Two new species of Acanthoscelides (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from

North America and new bruchid host records from Desmanthus and Hoffmanseggia

(Leguminosae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 53: 60-73.

Johnson, C. D. 1977b. Ecology and behavior of Acanthoscelides mundulus in seeds of

Nissolia schottii (Coleoptera: Bruchidae; Leguminosae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 53: 161-

167.

Johnson, C. D. 1977c. Notes on the host plants and distribution of Acanthoscelides pauper-

culus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 54: 303-304.

Johnson, C. D., and J. M. Kingsolver. 1971. Descriptions, life histories, and ecology of two

new species of Bruchidae infesting guacima in Mexico. Jour. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 44:

141-152.

1979 COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Publication Committee Retires After

G.A.H. McClelland—Chairman 1982

Fred Andrews 1982

David Kavanaugh 1981

Fred IItis 1981

Frank Ennik 1980

John Doyen 1980

J. Gordon Edwards 1979

R.M. Bohart 1979

Historical Committee

D.H. Kavanaugh—Chairman

H.B. Leéch

A.R. Hardy

P.H. Arnaud, Jr.

E.L. Smith

Membership Committee

C. Dailey—Chairman

D.D. Wilder

F.G. Andrews

Program Committee

J.G. Edwards—Chairman

A.R. Hardy

K. Hagen

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 72

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

FOOD PREFERENCES IN REARED WIREWORMS CONODERUS

EXSUL (SHARP) (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)

The problem of rearing introduced species of insects becomes difficult

when their food preferences are unknown. Such was the case with the wire-

worm Conoderus exsul (Sharp) which was originally described from New

Zealand. Studies of the food preferences of Limonius californicus (Mann.),

(Stone, 1941, Life history of the Sugar-Beet wireworm in Southern Califor-

nia, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 744) showed that corn and wheat were superior

to lima beans, in that more larvae pupated during the second year of their

life cycle. Weights of corn or wheat fed larvae and subsequent adults were

generally heavier than those reared on lima beans.

The effect of different foods on the rate of development of the wireworm

C. exsul was determined by individually confining larvae which hatched on

March 25, 1977, in 2 oz salve cans. They were fed an excess of each food

bi-weekly, at which time the soil was also changed. The foods were softened

by soaking in water overnight. Twenty larvae were involved in each test.

As indicated in Table 1, wheat was superior to the other foods, since

Table 1. Effect of different foods on rate of development of the wireworm Conoderus exsul

Sharp, Riverside, Cal. 1977-78.

Days to complete larval period

Rec- 1977 1978

Cie 2 == = ee

(No.) Min. Max. Mean (No.) Min. Max. Mean

Wheat 11 144 181 156 8 275 323 300

Corn 6 117 165 147 13 269 366 301

Lima bean 6 130 177 160 11 293 386 316

more larvae matured the first year, and there was less mortality. Corn and

beans yielded fewer pupations the first year. Bean seed appeared more

susceptible to rot and perhaps less palatable. Apparently the larvae of this

species can exist on many kinds of food as it has already been recorded

from 14 counties in California and from various localities in Arizona.

The earliest pupation in the same year occurred July 21 and the latest

September 22. Pupation the second year began December 19 and terminated

April 15. Under favorable food conditions a sizeable number of this species

may complete development in one year, which could account for its rapid

spread.

M. W. Stone, /3/ Sir Damas Dr., Riverside, CA, 92507.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 73

SCIENTIFIC NOTE

AN EXTRA MIDTIBIAL SPUR IN AN ISLAND POPULATION OF

TRYPOXYLON TRIDENTATUM PACKARD

(HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE: LARRINAE: TRYPOXYLONINI)

One apical midtibial spur (Fig. 1) is characteristic of all sphecid wasps in

the subfamily Larrinae (Bohart and Menke, 1976, Sphecid Wasps of the

World, Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, 695 pp.). Therefore, I was surprised

to find that a second spur is often present on Trypoxylon tridentatum tri-

dentatum Packard specimens from Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Co.,

California. One hundred and two specimens in the collection at the Uni-

versity of California at Davis were reared from 37 trap stems by D. S.

Horning. The trap stems, all from Canyon del Medio on the island, were

collected in September 1968. In 25 of 50 specimens reared from 14 stems,

there was a second midtibial spur; specimens reared from the remaining 23

stems were normal. The second spur is variable (Figs. 2 and 3) even on

Figs. 1-3. Posterior view of left midtibia of Trypoxylon tridentatum: 1, normal from Santa

Ynez Mts., Santa Barbara Co., Cal. (mainland); 2, female, and 3, male, with additional midtibial

spur—both are from Canyon del Medio, Santa Cruz Isl., Cal.

different sides of the same specimen. Eight specimens had the additional

spur on only one side. The presence of the abnormal additional spur in a

population on a small, isolated island suggests that genes controlling expres-

sion of the spur are perhaps maintained in the gene pool by unusual selective

pressure or genetic drift.

Rollin E. Coville, Division of Entomol. and Parasitol. Univ. Calif., Berke-

ley, CA 94720.

PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 74

OBITUARY

HERBERT H. ROSS, 1908-1978

On November 2, 1978, one of our most illustrious entomologists, Dr.

Herbert H. Ross, died in Athens, Georgia. Herb was born in Leeds, En-

gland, March 3, 1908 and was educated at the University of British Columbia

(B.S.A. 1927) and the University of Illinois (M.S. 1929; Ph.D. 1933). Fol-

lowing his retirement from the Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana,

Illinois (1969) after many years of service (including Principal Scientist

and Acting Chief), he joined the Entomology Department at the University

of Georgia, where he retired in 1975.

The contributions that Dr. Ross made to the Biological Sciences are far

reaching. His Textbook of Entomology (1965) and Biological Systematics

(1974) are widely used in General Entomology and Systematic Biology

courses, and although his excellent research on Trichoptera systematics is

foremost in our minds, his prodigious publication record of over 200 papers

includes studies of Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Ple-

coptera, Hymenoptera, Megaloptera, and Diptera. In addition, his influence

on biogeographical and aquatic entomological studies is immeasurable; his

work undoubtedly ranks among the outstanding contributions in these areas.

Herb had a lifelong interest in the insect fauna of North America and he

completed faunal studies on the Trichoptera of both Baja California (1951)

and British Columbia (1952); among his last projects were systematic studies

of insects from Pacific Islands. Long active in national and international

scientific societies, he served as secretary-treasurer and president of both

the Entomological Society of America and the Society for the Study of

Evolution.

We express our sympathy to his wife Jean, his son Charles, and his sister

Mary. His many contributions to science will certainly be remembered by

scholars of the future just as his kind personal philosophy will be long

remembered by those of us who were fortunate enough to have known him.

Donald G. Denning and Vincent H. Resh

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 HB)

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

J. R. Anderson John Doyen L. G. Bezark P. H. Arnaud, Jr.

President President-elect Secretary Treasurer

PROCEEDINGS

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH MEETING

The 384th meeting was held 17 February 1978 at 8:00 p.m. in the Morrison Auditorium

of the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, with President

Anderson presiding, and 40 members and 37 guests present.

The minutes of the meeting held 16 December 1977 were summarized. The following

persons were elected to membership in the Society, regular members: Dr. John P. Figg-

Hoblyn, Antonio Paulo Assis de Moraes, Dr. Charles D. Howell, Dr. Kirby W. Brown, Dr.

Gene R. Kritsky; student members: Greg Spicer, Arthur L. Chan; regular family member,

Mr. Robert Buickerood; student family member: Mrs. Lynn Kimsey.

Dr. E. Smith of the California Academy of Sciences discussed a recent volume on insect

morphology. Dr. Thomas Eichlin, California Department of Food and Agriculture shared

information relating to an infestation of sesiid borers in Lewiston, California. The follow-

ing note was presented: The activity of Lepidoptera on Oahu, Hawaii in January.—During

an eight day visit to the island of Oahu in mid-January, 1978, there were eight species

of Rhopalocera in flight, out of a possible 14 or so known for the Hawaiian Islands.

The eight species displayed here are: Hylephila phyleus (Drury); Papilio xuthus Linnaeus;

Pieris rapae (Linnaeus); Strymon bazochii gundlachianus (Bates); Lampides boeticus (Lin-

naeus); Vaga blackburni (Tuely); Agraulis vanillae incarnata (Riley); and Danaus plexippus

(Linnaeus).

The cabbage white, gulf fritillary and monarch appeared to be generally distributed on

both the windward and leeward sides of Oahu. The remaining five species were found at

specific locales only on the leeward (or sunny, dry) slopes. Gulf fritillaries were found in

very large numbers, especially from the Kalihi district to Koko Head. They showed little

variation, although averaging smaller than in mainland California. Adult monarchs were

plentiful in many areas, and numerous ova, larvae and pupae were observed. Among the

breeding populations, a low percentage are albinos. The albinistic form is more prevalent

in the winter months, and three were observed on 23 January in the greater Honolulu area.

Additional species of butterflies recorded for the islands include: Erionota thrax

Linnaeus; Vanessa tameamea Eschscholtz; Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer); Cyn-

thia virginiensis (Drury); Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus); and Tmolus echion (Linnaeus).

The two endemics (V. blackburni and V. tameamea) are found only on the various

islands in the Hawaiian chain. The two hairstreaks (S$. bazochii and T. echion) were

introduced from Mexico to control the also introduced plant lantana. All of the other

species listed above appeared on the islands accidentally, some quite recently. The citrus

swallowtail was first discovered on Oahu in April, 1971—presumably from other Pacific

islands or southeastern Asia. The pae or bean blue was introduced nearly a century ago and

has since become quite abundant. It is widely distributed in the Pacific, Philippines,

Japan, China, etc., to southern Europe. Heterocera found on Oahu in January included:

Sphingidae—Macroglossum pyrrhostictum (Butler); Noctuidae—Plusia chalcites Esper.,

Melipotis indomita (Walker), and Hypena_ obsoleta Butler, endemic, type

locality Oahu; Geometridae—Semiothisa santaremaria (Walker), the Koa haole moth; Pyrali-

dae—Hymenia recurvalis (Fabricius) and Hedylepta localis (Butler), endemic, type locality

76 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Oahu. Those not noted above as endemics are widespread immigrants known from either

the Pacific, Asia or North America. Robert L. Langston, Kensington, California.

The main speaker of the evening was Ms. Deborah Green, University of California,

Berkeley. Her multi-media presentation, ‘“‘Insect-Plant Coevolution,’’ was enjoyed by

all.

Refreshments were served in the Trustee’s room following the meeting.— L. G. Bezark,

Secretary.

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIFTH MEETING

The 385th meeting was held 17 March 1978 at 8:00 p.m. in the Morrison Auditorium of

the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, with President

Anderson presiding, and 17 members and 8 guests present.

The minutes of the meeting held 17 February 1978 were summarized. Larry Bezark,

San Jose State University, discussed a partially duplicated antenna of Tetraopes discoideus

LeConte. Dr. J. A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley, presented the following

note: Grapholitha edwardsiana (Kraft, 1907) (Tortricidae): an endemic San Francisco

moth nearing extinction.—Kodachrome slides were exhibited showing adults, larvae and

the habitat of this species, which was described from specimens in the Henry Edwards

collection (‘‘Cal.’’, “‘S. Fran., Cal.’’). It remained an enigma for more than half a century. A

colony was discovered at the Presidio near Baker Beach in 1961, but that habitat was later

destroyed. Adults fly in late April and May in association with Lupinus arboreus, and

larvae feed inside the floral stalks. Lupinus chamissonis, which has short floral stalks, is not

used, even where the two lupines grow interspersed. Because L. arboreus was one of the

dominant plants of the S.F. sand hills, G. edwardsiana probably occurred extensively over

the western part of the peninsula prior to urbanization. Survey during the past year

revealed three colonies: two on parklands, the larger on bluffs north of Baker Beach, the

other near the southeast end of Lake Merced; the third colony is partly on municipal

property, in Daly City at the mouth of Guadelupe Canyon above John F. Kennedy school,

recent construction of which probably destroyed most of the hostplant colony. Information

regarding occurrence of L. arboreus at other sites on the peninsula is solicited.

The main speaker of the evening was Dr. A. H. Purcell, University of California,

Berkeley. His presentation entitled ‘‘Of leafhoppers and wine: Sharpshooters and the

mysterious vine disease in California,’’ was enjoyed by all.

Refreshments were served in the Trustee’s room following the meeting.— L. G. Bezark,

Secretary.

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SIXTH MEETING

The 386th meeting was held 21 April 1978 at 8:00 p.m. in the Morrison Auditorium of the

California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, with 31 members and

24 guests in attendance.

The minutes of the meeting held 17 March 1978 were summarized.

The following persons were elected to membership in the Society, regular members: Dr.

Robert F. Rockwell, Dr. Peter Maddison; student members: Ann E. Hajek, Jose A. Mari

Mutt, Roger K. Shimer.

Dr. E. L. Smith reported on progress relating to morphological studies of living and

extinct insect groups, and discussed features of the labrum. The following note was given:

Case making chrysomelid larvae from the California annual grassland.—During a study

of the California annual grassland (IBP), 14 small, cylindrical brown cases were found

in 80 0.5M? samples covering five separate dates. The samples were taken with a quick

trap, and the arthropods from both the clipped grass and the vacuumed litter were

extracted by means of a Tullgren funnel. The brown cases had the appearance of mud, said

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 fei

to be made of fecal materials (Boving and Craighead 1931), and were under 5 mm in length,

about 4 times longer than wide, and with longitudinal, slightly spiraling broken ribs

composed of 3 to 5 serially spaced ridges. The posterior end was rounded and closed,

whereas the anterior end was flat but filled by the round flat head and legs of a larva.

The larvae key to the couplet delineating the chrysomelid subfamilies Cryptocephalinae

and Lamprosominae. The latter contains only one California species, and this has not been

taken at the San Joaquin Experimental Range. Of the Cryptocephalinae, 3 adults of Pachy-

brachys punctatus Bowditch were taken in September 1972 from the area to be sampled.

No adults were taken in the quick traps.

The larvae were taken on only 5 of the 22 sample dates, and the totals per date were 2

(March 13, 1973), 4 (November 30, 1973), 1 (January 11, 1974), 5 (February 12, 1974) and 2

(March 14, 1974). With 16 samples being taken on each date the highest population on the

open rolling slopes was equal to 0.63/M?.—Craig Hasegawa and Donald Burdick.

The main speaker of the evening was Dr. Bernard C. Nelson, Public Health Biologist,

Vector and Waste Management Section, California Department of Health, Berkeley. His

discussion of bubonic plague in California was informative and well received by those in

attendance.

Refreshments were served in the Trustee’s room following the meeting.— L. G. Bezark,

Secretary.

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH MEETING

The 387th meeting was the Annual Picnic, held at Del Valle Regional Park. Insect

collecting and photography were enjoyed by the six stalwarts who attended.

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH MEETING

The 388th meeting was held 20 October 1978, at 8:00 p.m., in the Morrison Auditorium

of the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, with President

Anderson presiding and 22 members and 20 guests in attendance.

The minutes of the meeting held 21 April 1978, and the Picnic held in May were

summarized.

The following members were elected to the Society, regular member: Marilyn Vernon;

student members: Heidi Dobson, Randall Boquist, Leonard Vincent, Gary Trimble, Ken

Weiner, Steven Abe.

Harriet Reinhard showed slides of Calosaturnia mendocino, the larvae of which feed on

Manzanita. J. Gordon Edwards, San Jose State University, described a project sending

larvae of the Gypsy Moth to Pennsylvania for host preference studies. Among others,

Eucalyptus, Coast Redwood and Giant Sequoia are hosts readily eaten by the larvae.

The following notes were given.

A Possible New Species of Genus Hybomitra Found in California

(Diptera: Tabanidae)

During late August, 1978, a single specimen of Hybomitra species was collected from a

baited flight trap in Sierra County, California, by Maury Swoveland. The specific location

of capture was Camp Leonard, San Francisco State University Sierra Nevada Field

Campus on highway 49, six miles southwest of Sierra City. A malaise flight trap was baited

with a black ball in an attempt to collect Tabanidae specimens for a field study project that

was being conducted by Susan Opp, an Entomology student at San Francisco State

University.

The specimen is thought to be a possible new species of Hybomitra by both Dr.

Cornelius B. Philip, CAS, and Dr. Robert Lane, California Department of Public Health,

Berkeley. The specimen differs from the three specimens of Hybomitra rhombica

collected in the same area earlier in the summer due to a reddish abdominal coloration and

78 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

differing antennal characteristics. Taxonomically, the most closely related species appears

to be Hybomitra rupestris which has never been reported as collected in California. Slight

colorational and antennal differences also separate our specimen from this species, but for

the time being, the specimen will be termed Hybomitra species near rupestris, until

further bait trapping studies can be conducted in the Sierras in the summer of 1979.—Susan

B. Opp, San Francisco State University.

A New Distribution and Habitat Record for Anuroctonus phaiodactylus

(Wood) (Scorpionida: Vaejovidae)

Anuroctonus phaiodactylus is a common species of scorpion found in the coastal areas of

southern California. Both males and females live in a permanently constructed burrow

throughout their life cycle. Because of the burrowing activity these scorpions are found in

hard packed soils.

In September 1977, while blacklighting at night, two male A. phaiodactylus were ob-

served on the ground surface on Yucca Valley (San Bernardino County), California. This

observation is noteworthy for two reasons; 1) It represents a new distribution record for the

species, the closest previous record being San Bernardino (Pocock 1902, Scorpions

Pedipalpi and Solfugae) and 2) It also represents an unusual habitat record for the species

in that the males were found on an unstabilized sandy substrate. This type of soil is

inconsistent with the scorpion’s burrowing activity. Although it is very unusual to find A.

phaiodactylus on the surface, males will emerge and migrate in search of females during

the mating season.—M. L. Swoveland San Francisco State University.

The main speaker of the evening was Dr. Martin C. Birch, University of California,

Davis. His program entitled ‘‘Chemical Communication in Bark Beetles,’ was well

received by members and guests present.

Refreshments were served in the Trustee’s room following the meeting.— L. G. Bezark,

Secretary.

THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINTH MEETING

The 389th meeting was held 17 November 1978 at 8:00 p.m. in the Morrison

Auditorium of the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, with

President Anderson presiding and 26 members and 10 guests present.

The minutes of the meeting held 20 October 1978 were summarized. The auditing

committee reported and the treasurer summarized the year; Paul Arnaud, Jr. stated that the

treasurer’s office is indebted to Mrs. V. Hawley (as volunteer) and Mrs. Gail Freihofer

(Entomology Secretary) for their handling of the Society’s accounts, billings, and mailing of

publications, and to our member Mr. H. Vannoy Davis of Walnut Creek, California, not

only for his audit of the Treasurer’s records, but also for his completion of the Society’s

state and federal tax forms. The nominating committee brought forth the following names

for office in 1979: President-elect Marius Wasbauer, Secretary Larry Bezark, and Treasurer

Paul Arnaud, Jr.

The following persons were elected to membership in the Society, regular members:

Gary L. Piper, T. A. West, Dr. W. G. IItis; student members: Susan B. Opp, Susanne

Muzzio, Andrew Coblentz, Harvey Ito, Lee Guidry.

Howell Daly reported on the death of Herbert H. Ross. Dr. Cornelius Philip discussed

Tabanus biguttatus, the larvae of which form a plug to withstand the drying and

cracking of surrounding mud.

The gavel was handed over to the new president, John Doyen, who introduced Dr.

John Anderson and the presidential address entitled ‘‘The Biology and Behavior of Nose

Bot Flies of California Black-tailed Deer.’’ Refreshments were served in the Trustee’s

room following the meeting.— L. G. Bezark, Secretary.

VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

STATEMENT OF INCOME, EXPENDITURES AND

CHANGES IN FUND BALANCES

Years Ended September 30, 1978 and 1977

Income

Doekand subscriptions vo. ss See tae es Meas ok oes

Reprints and miscellaneous

Sales of memoirs

Interest on savings accounts

Increase in value of capital stock of American

Telephone & Telegraph Co. ................000-

Expenditures

Publication costs—Pan Pacific Entomologist

Reprints, postage and miscellaneous

Increase in fund balances: «0465.54.50. c0gh ede 6 eee

Fund balances October 1, 1977 and 1976.............

Fund balances September 30, 1978 and 1977 .........

STATEMENT OF ASSETS

September 30, 1978 and 1977

Cash in bank

Commercial account

Savings accounts

General fund

Fall and Memoir Funds

Investment in 80 shares of American Telephone

& Telegraph Co. common stock (Life Membership

and Fall Funds), at market value

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

i |

Dividends, American Telephone & Telegraph Co. ...

Lite membership fund: « oc. etiam Wns a

Total cash bane 231n oo acai oleae’

1978 1977

$ 8,432 $ 8,545

7,615 7,674

375 326

872 915

352 244

(90) 250

17,556 17,954

9,405 13,525

2,928 3,078

12,333 16,603

5,223 1,351

27,920 26,569

$33,143 $27,920

1978 1977

$ 668 $ 927

11,015 6,765

13,491 12,483

2,999 2,685

28,173 22,860

4,970 5,060

$33,143 $27,920

80 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Year Ended September 30, 1978

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting Method

Income, expenditures and assets are recorded on the cash basis of

accounting.

Marketable Securities

American Telephone & Telegraph Co. common stock is carried at market

value. Increases and decreases in value are reflected in income.

Income Tax

The Society is exempt from Federal income and California franchise tax.

Accounts Receivable

As of September 30, 1978 accounts receivable aggregated $884 as follows:

September, 1978 billings ........... $803

PCT seta d soe Bega ese 81

$884

As Chairman of the Auditing Committee, and in accordance with its by laws,

I have reviewed the financial records of the Society.

During the course of this review nothing was noted which indicated any

inaccuracy in the foregoing statements.

H. Vannoy Davis

Chairman of the Auditing Committee

October issue mailed April 5, 1979

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Information for Contributors

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on insect taxonomy, morphology, ecology, behavior, life history, and distribution. Excess pagination must be approved and will be

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All manuscripts will be reviewed before acceptance.

Manuscripts for publication, proofs, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor.

General. — The metric system is to be used exclusively in manuscripts, except when citing label data on type material, or in direct

quotations when cited as such. Equivalents in other systems may be placed in parentheses following the metric, i.e. ‘*1370 m (4500

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Typing. — Two copies of each manuscript must be submitted (original and one xerox copy or two xerox copies are suitable). All

manuscripts must be typewritten, double-spaced throughout, with ample margins, and be on bond paper or an equivalent weight.

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Underscore only where italics are intended in the body of the text. Number all pages consecutively and put authors naine on each

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Manuscripts with extensive corrections or revisions will be returned to the author for retyping.

First Page. — The page preceding the text of the manuscript must include (1) the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses,

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Essig, E. O. 1926. A butterfly migration. Pan-Pac. Entomol., 2:211-212.

Essig, E. O. 1958. Insects and mites of western North America. Rey. ed. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1050 pp.

Abbreviations for titles of journals should follow the list of Biological Abstracts, 1966, 47(21):8585—8601. For Scientific Notes the

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charges are in addition to the charge for reprints and do not include the possible charges for extra pagination or the costs for

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Reprint costs. — Current charges for reprints are approximately as listed below. These charges are subject to change, and authors will

be billed at the rate in effect at the time of publication.

Each Additional

1 pp Printed Page

Ist 100 18.25 3.00

Additional 100’s 12.75 1.75

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PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST.

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