VoL V July, 1928 No. 1

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

GUKDER, REDISCOVERY OF A LOST RACE 1

BARNES, SOME NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA 5

BUCKELL, NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY AND FIABITS OF MELITTOBIA CFIALYBII . 14

SALMAN, ON A NEW SPECIES OF PEPSIS 23

TIMBERLAKE, TWO NEW SPECIES OF BEES OF THE GENUS PERDITA .... 25

MARTIN, A NEW TRIARIUS FROM ARIZONA 34

BLAISDELL, STUDIES IN TPIE MELYRID^, NO. 7 35

BLAKE, NOTE ON THE HABITS OF LIXUS BLAKEAE 42

HATCH, THE NEARCTIC AND EUROPEAN SPECIES OF PH.®;D0N 44

EDITORIAL 48

San Francisco, California

1928

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. V, No. 1 July, 1928

THE REDISCOVERY OF A LOST RACE

(LEPID., RHOPALOCERA)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

Just prior to 1863 Dr, Herman Behr of the Academy of

Sciences at San Francisco received from Dr. Cooper several

atypical looking Euphydryas chalcedona (Dbldy. & Hew.)

which the latter had collected near San Diego, presumably in

the back country to the east and south. Dr. Behr recognized

these specimens as new and described them under the name of

quino in the Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3,90,1863*. Unfortunately

the original types were never illustrated and in 1906 all evidence

of what the name stood for, aside from the original description,

was lost in the great San Francisco fire.

One of the principal reasons why Dr. Behr’s quino has

remained a puzzle for so many long years is that no one has

collected on the desert’s edge back of San Diego early in March

especially looking for Euphydryas. Until the last ten years

there has been practically no roads into that region and during

the ’70s, ’80s and ’90s everybody who went in usually

packed-in. Even to reach San Diego, until a comparative

recent date, people came down the coast via Los Angeles.

Another point is that semi-desert Euphydryas rarely fly in

quantity in a single location; only a few can be picked up here

and there at a time. Still another point is the misidentifica-

tions by contemporary collectors.

During March, in 1924, my wife and I camped near Jacumba,

back of San Diego, and one of these specimens was taken, but

I thought nothing of it at the time. Later, while examining

chalcedona in the collection of George Field at San Diego,

I found another similar specimen labeled “La Puerta Valley,

Calif., Mar., 1914.” This place is on the desert’s edge east of

* As the early issues of this publication are scarce and not easily

available, I am copying Dr. Behr’s original description at the end of this

article.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

San Diego near the Mexican border. In April, 1925, when

passing through Campo, San Diego County (about 40 miles

east of San Diego), I picked up two other ragged specimens.

In the meantime, I had made several trips to Palm Springs

and up Chino Canyon off the desert and each year, if the rains

had been good to vegetation, I had noted a smaller, redder and

distinct looking chalcedona. Palm Springs lies on the desert’s

edge in the county north of San Diego County off the same

chain of mountains, with the same kind of vegetation. This

year I made a determined effort to solve the question of this

different looking chalcedona and though I could not go myself,

I sent Mr. Frank Morand to Palm Springs and he, after a

week’s camping, managed to gather a small series in both sexes.

Also Mr. John Garth of Long Beach, Calif., has collected this

year several specimens up Chino Canyon under date of

March 18. Typical chalcedona, as found along the coast

regions, do not fly in this desert territory. I believe these semi-

desert Euphydrya^ to be Dr. Behr’s original quino and I illus-

trate two pairs on the accompanying plate. Figs. A and B

(drawings) show position of red maculation which agrees with

the original description. The wing shapes are those of the

chalcedona group. The under sides are paler and have a grayish

aspect and last, but not least, the much disputed clubs of the

antennae are actually different in color from typical chalcedona,

being a. shading of black and chrome yellow. The drawing of

the male genitalia (illustrated) shows quino to be a race of

chalcedona. The shape of the harpe is similar. The projections

of the uncus are not dissimilar.

As a matter of record on this plate, I illustrate the original

type (a female, in fair condition) of chalcedona (Dbldy. &

Hew.). This specimen is in the British Museum and this photo-

graph was made for me through the courtesy of N. D. Riley of

that Institution. Mr. Riley also had made for me an accurate

colored drawing. Incidently, I illustrate all the labels found

with the type. This specimen has red spots only at margin on

upper side primaries near apex ; also it is rather large and

heavily marked, which places it as a pure San Francisco

example. It is similar to those taken in Visitacion Valley,

which is an old section within that city. Also the black macula-

JULY, 1928]

GUNDER LOST RACE

tion is rather heavy. The genitalia of San Francisco examples

are of the purer chalcedona groups with hardly any points to

the wide-spread uncus. There are hardly any to the dorsal

(or upper) hook at least. The genitalia of chalcedona as taken

at San Jose and south to Los Angeles, and even further south

in San Diego, vary in this regard, however regardless of seem-

ing difference, I do not believe a racial name can ever be applied

as there is too much intergradation.

Returning again to the subject of race quino (Behr), I

might review a little of its past history to show how a name

can be bounced from pillar to post until some of the specimens

are actually rediscovered.

1881; Papilio, 1,52, (Hy. Edw.) Likens quino to baroni. I

believe Dr. Behr never received any more specimens other

than the original type lot which Dr. Cooper collected. For

want of specimens to supply others who made demands,

or for want of confidence in his name quino, he himself

may have selected other specimens which he thought could

pass for his quino. The words “type locality” did not mean

much in those days even with a variable species.

1897; Butterflies of N. A., 3, see ruhicunda text, (W. H.

Edwards). Doubts that baroni or rubicumda approaches

quino.

1898; Butterfly Book, (Holland). Ignores quino and luckily

with good grace.

1905; Butterflies of the West Coast, p. 147, (W. G. Wright).

Illustrates a typical looking chalcedona as quino. Dr. Behr

probably could never get any information out of Wright,

but Wright “hollars” when he was denied !

1907; Can. Ent., 39,380, (Grinnell). Guesses that quino is the

same as augusta. Incorrect, but getting nearer the type

locality at any rate !

1916; Contributions, Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 88, (Barnes & McDun-

nough). Says “We imagine the last word in connection

with quino has yet to be spoken.” First to recognize “type

locality” and give credence to “wing shape,” etc.

1917; Check List of Lepidoptera, p. 9, (Barnes & McDun-

nough). Follows Grinnelbs lead of 1907 for lack of more

evidence.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

1924; The American Rhopalocera, pp. 95 & 297, (Sietz).

Illustrates a 2 chalcedona as quino and a S specimen of

some kind supposed to have come from Dr. Dyar.

1926; List of Diurnal Lepidoptera, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci.,

1,12, (Barnes & Benjamin). Follows the 1917 list.

1926; Pan-Pac. Entomologist, Oct. p. 75, (Cottle). Nothing

in the original description indicates that quino was “big”

or “dark” or from “Contra Costa County.”

1927; Butterflies of California, p. 102, (J. A. Comstock).

Baroni (Edw.) occurs along the Coast Ranges in north-

ern California, while editha (Bdv.)l which is similar, only

smaller and having a genitalic similarity, is found also

along the Coast Ranges only in southern California.

Comstock, therefore, follows Hy. Edwards in assuming

that quino belonged to this group and shows specimens of

editha as quino on his pi. 34, figs. 1 to 6. I have made

genitalic slides of editha from Kern County, Orange

County and San Diego County and they are all very

similar and the same thing. Also I have photographs of

editha types taken at the Barnes collection in Decatur,

Illinois.

Euphy. chalcedona quino (Behr) is bound to remain always

a rather rare butterfly in most collections because of its desert

habitats and early season flight; however anyone who wishes

to procure examples may collect up Chino Canyon near Palm

Springs in early March and secure a few specimens. Collect-

ing will be found better above the native palms in that canyon.

Quino need not be confused with perdiccas or other northern

Euphydryas as it has an entirely different aspect.

Here follows Dr. Behr’s original description with a free

translation :

3. M. Quino, Behr, n. sp.

M. Chalcedonti similis sed antennae clava discolor, fusca nec con-

color antennae reliquae aurantiacae. (Similar to chalcedona, but the

club different in color to the antenna, fused dark or swarthy and not

the same color as the rest of the antenna.)

Alae supra ut in M. Chalcedonte sed series macularum submar-

ginalium in anticis rubra et marginalium in posticis flava rubro tincta.

Series quarta in anticis bifida, fere tota rubra, tertia in posticis

omnino rubra. (Wings above as in chalcedona, but a row of red sub-

JULY, 1928 ]

GUNDER A LOST RACE

marginal spots on the anterior wings and a series of marginal spots

on the posterior, tinged with reddish yellow. The fourth series cleft

in anterior, almost entirely red, the third altogether red in posterior.)

Alae inferiores subtus ut in M. Chalcedonte sed fascia flava prope

radicem in maculas sex dissecta maculaque flava discalis puncto

ejusdem coloris extus aucta. (The lower wings beneath as in

chalcedona but yellow bands near the base cut into six spots and the

discal yellow spot increased outside by a spot of the same color.)

Melitcea Quino may be distinguished at once by the entirely different

and much gayer coloration of the upper side, which much more

resembles that of M. Anicia than M. Choice don. To the latter species

it comes nearest in the peculiar shape of the wings, so characteristic-

ally different in the two sexes. In M. Anicia this difference exists not

to the same degree. The yellow part of the underside of the hind

wings is much paler than in M. Chalcedon and M. Anicia. The yellow

radical band is dissolved into six distinct but nearly connected

maculae. In M. Chalcedon this band is not interrupted and only the

sixth macula is separated, making part of the yellow coloration of

the anal side of the wing. From M. Anicia it differs besides, in the

underside of the fore wings being nearly all of a reddish-brown color

with scarcely any indication of the marking of the upper side, closely

resembling M. Chalcedon. From both species M. Quino differs in the

coloration of the club of the antenna.

This species I received from Dr. Cooper, formerly of the State

Geological Survey, who collected several specimens near San

Diego. I have called it Quino in remembrance of the California Pio-

neer, Padre Quino, the first European that ever succeeded in erecting

a permanent settlement in California, and at the same time contrib-

uted very considerably by his learned writings to a more exact knowl-

edge of these then scarcely discovered regions.

SOME NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF

NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA

BY WM. BARNES, B. S., M. D.

Decatur, Illinois

Papilio daimus ragani, Barnes, ab. nov.

The broad black outer margin to the fore wings within the

included row of yellow intravenular bars is not solid even

black as in the typical form, but shows the yellow ground color

sprinkled unevenly with black scales, giving a peculiar moth-

eaten appearance.

Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona. Holotype in Barnes

collection.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

Oncocnemis homogena pallida Barnes, race nov.

Oncocnemis homogena Grote was described from a single

specimen taken at Manitou, Colorado. The type is in the British

Museum. 1874, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Ill, 800. A series

of specimens from Colorado, one of them compared with the

type, all show the “yellowish gray” ground color mentioned

by Grote.

The race pallida, represented by a series of nine specimens

from Eureka, Utah, sent by Spaulding and taken in August,

September and October, shows no trace of the yellowish tinge,

the ground color being a pale grayish white, the markings

same as in the typical form.

Holotype, male; allotype, female; paratypes 4 males, 1

female, all in Barnes collection.

Oncocnemis arizonensis Barnes, sp. nov.

Collar discolorous brown; thorax dark gray; abdomen fuscous;

basal line well marked; t.a. and t.p. lines black, course distinct as in

homogena', median space darkened by brownish black scales more

heavily toward the inner margin. From base to t.a. line the fore

wing is of an even gray, a little paler than the thorax. There is a

pale gray triangular patch beyond costal portion of t.p. line which

extends about half way to apex; a similar patch extending from

below the portion of the wing between these pale patches is dark

brownish black; s.t. line irregular, mostly obscured by the dark ter-

minal shade, better marked towards inner margin where it is thrown

into relief by a slightly darker preceding shading; orbicular minute,

pale, with dark annulus and black point at center; reniform narrow

kidney-shaped, pale, with darkened center; a terminal series of black

points and a pale line at base of fringes; fringes pale, checkered,

darkened inwardly. Hind wings pale fuscous, broadly darkened out-

wardly; discal dot small; veins darkened by blackish scales; a few

small venular dots is only indication of mesial band.

Beneath; fore wings pale along costal inner margin, elsewhere

dusky; mesial band very obscure except a distinct black spot on

costa. Hind wings glistening white, with broken median line not

reaching inner margin; a dusky band along outer border of wing

but not extending to inner margin. Discal dot small. Expanse 35 mm.

Holotype, male. No. 2564, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by J. August Kusche, July 22, 1927, at Turkey Flat, Chirica-

hua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, 9000 feet eleva-

tion. Allotype, female, taken by J. August Kusche, at Rustler

JULY, 1928 ] BARNES NEW LEPIDOPTERA

Park, Chiricahua Mts., July 15, 1927, in the Barnes collection.

Allied to homogena and should follow it in the list.

Oncocnemis figurata pallidior Barnes, race nov.

Oncocnemis Hgurata Harvey was described from a single

specimen from Nevada as an Homohadena, 1875, Can. Ent.,

VII, 117. The type is in the British Museum and we have

specimens from Truckee, California, and neighboring locali-

ties, which agree in every particular with the type specimen.

The '‘uniformly griseous primaries” and “hind wings almost

uniformly fuscous” are distinctive of the typical figurata.

In the race pallidior the fore wings are pale uniform gray

with markings as in the typical form ; hind wings whitish with

dusky outer border. In the female the hind wings are lightly

shaded with darker scales. The eight specimens before us are

somewhat slighter in build and average less in expanse than

the typical form. The head is black, contrasting with the pale

wings. Expanse 25-28 mm.

Holotype, Eureka, Utah, July 26. Paratypes, three from

Eureka, Utah, and four from Glenwood Springs, Colorado, all

in Barnes collection.

Oncocnemis minor Barnes, sp. nov.

Fore wings pale gray as in figurata pallidior but not quite so uni-

form, being somewhat paler just beyond the t.p. line. The t.a. and

t.p. lines join in the middle of the wing and then, closely approximate

so as to be almost fused, proceed direct to the inner margin. There

is a faint pale irregular subterminal line not present in figurata or

ragani. There is also a black line at base of fringes on fore wing not

present in the other allied species. In figurata pallidior and ragani

the third terminal black streak, counting from the costa, is the most

prominent and extends across the t.p. line; the others as a rule do

not reach the t.p. line. In this species the dashes, with the exception

of the first and second, all reach the t.p. line, the head is concolorous

with fore wings and the hind wings are white, shaded with fuscous

terminally. Expanse 22 mm.

Holotype, Eureka, Utah, July 24-31, in Barnes collection.

Oncocnemis ragani Barnes, sp. nov.

Head and base of collar black. Thorax concolorous with fore

wings. Abdomen pale yellowish gray, very slightly darker terminally.

A distinct fine black basal line; t.a. line almost transverse with very

slight outward angle at middle, thickened at costal end; the t.p. line.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

after a wide outward curve, approaches to within about 2 to 2%

mm. of the t.a. line, thence running parallel to it, at the same distance,

to inner margin, not diverging as in figurata and pallidior. The black

dash connecting the t.a. and t.p. lines passes the t.a. line which does

not occur in any other of the allied species. This inward extension

of the line is finer and not so prominent as that portion between the

ordinary lines. There is a series of fine black terminal streaks, of

which the third from the costa is most prominent and extends

through the t.p. line. Fringe concolorous, with pale line at base.

Hind wings glistening white with narrow fuscous line at base of the

whitish fringe; a very faint mesial row of venular dots, from which

to outer margin the veins are slightly darkened.

Beneath; fore wings dusky over upper two-thirds, pale along inner

margin; mesial band distinct at costa, fading out toward inner

margin; hind wings with costal margin yellowish gray, else white;

mesial band distinct but not prominent.

To this beautiful species we have given the name in honor

of a one-time friend who was of ma,terial assistance to us in

collecting.

Holotype, Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, Califor-

nia, April 16, 1923. Paratypes two, San Diego County,

California, April 8 and May 19, all in Barnes collection.

Graptolitha thaxteri rosetta Barnes, race nov.

Thaxteri was described 1874, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II,

196, from a single male taken by Thaxter at Newtonville,

Mass. The type is in the British Museum. A very long series

from the eastern states and Canada as far west as Manitoba

agree with the type and show very little variation. We have,

however, two specimens from British Columbia which differ

from the typical form sufficiently to deserve a varietal name.

The soft violaceous fringe of the fore wings, so characteristic

of thaxteri is wanting. The ground color in the variety is of a

rather pale gray on which the dark brownish black markings

and the reddish shadings are more contrasting. The white

shades preceding the t.a. and s.t. lines are brighter than in

thaxteri, thus defining the lines much more distinctly. Hind

wings of the same reddish shade as in thaxteri.

On the whole the variety, because of the more sharply con-

trasting markings, presents a quite distinct appearance.

Holotype, New Westminster, B. C., Paratype, Vancouver,

B. C., both in Barnes collection.

JULY, 1928] BARNES NEW LEPIDOPTERA

Graptolitha thaxteri alaskensis Barnes, race nov.

V^hile the variety from British Columbia is much lighter

than thaxteri this variety from Alaska is darker. The ground

color is of a dark bluish gray and is encroached upon to a

much greater degree by the dark shadings. The narrow pale

edging to the t.a. line interiorly and a similar edging to the

exterior of the t.p. line define these lines more distinctly than

in the allied forms. The dark shading of the terminal space

more distinctly defines the s.t. line.

Hind wings reddish brown, darker and not so bright as in the

other forms. Expanse 38 mm., which is slightly less than in

the other forms.

Holotype, male, Chatanika, Alaska, in Barnes collection.

Graptolitha vanduzeei Barnes, sp. nov.

Allied to, and should be listed next to, lepida Lintner. Head, collar,

thorax and fore wings rather dark, somewhat bluish gray. Abdomen

reddish fuscous; a narrow black band, edged above with white scales,

through the middle of the collar; ordinary spots of moderate size,

rather poorly defined, a trifle paler than the ground color; a fine

black basal streak; median shade prominent, dark brownish black;

a well marked short black dash connecting t.a. and t.p. lines sub-

medianly. T.a. and t.p. lines very indistinct, fragmentary; s.t. line

more distinct; brownish black, of poorly defined spots, the one at

anal angle the most prominent; fringe checkered. Hind wings

bright reddish as in lepida Lintn.; discal dot faint. In some lights

there can be made out a very faint darker submarginal shade line

from which to outer edge the wing is paler.

Beneath; primaries with discal spot prominent; transverse band

faint; central part of wing from base to transverse line reddish

brown, beyond the line tinged with gray. Secondaries with discal

spot not so prominent while the transverse band is more prominent

than on the fore wings; ground color brighter red than on the fore

wings, while the same grayish tinge pertains beyond the transverse

line. Expanse 40 mm.

Holotype No. 2565, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by Mr.

L. S. Slevin, January 27, 1926, at Carmel, California. One

paratype taken by Mr. Slevin at same place December 25, 1927,

in the Barnes collection.

We take great pleasure in naming this beautiful species after

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, who is making every effort to build up

the collection of Lepidoptera at the California Academy of

Sciences.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

Athetis distincta Barnes, sp. nov.

Fore wings even pale blackish gray; thorax darker; collar dark

at base, tipped with white scales; palpi black outwardly, tipped with

white; abdomen yellowish fuscous. Basal line faintly indicated by a

few black scales on costa; t.a. line not traceable, a faint black spot

on costa only indicating its inception; t.p. line starting between two

black spots on costa, running outwardly along costa to beyond cell,

from thence evenly to inner margin following the curve of the outer

margin, pale, with narrow dark inner shade, not conspicuous;

s. t. line rather contrasting, pale with distinct black inner shade at its

middle portion, somewhat broadened at anal angle; a terminal series

of distinct short black bars separated by white points. Fringe con-

colorous. Ordinary spots black, conspicuous; orbicular oblong, about

twice as long as wide, rounded outwardly, extended to a point

inwardly, thickened in the middle above; reniform kidney-shaped,

concavity lightened with a few white scales. Hind wings white;

discal dot faint; a broken black line at base of the concolorous fringes

and a few black scales along the veins at margin.

Beneath: fore wings pale, dusky through cell, lightening toward

discal dot beyond which is a whitish blotch; mesial band distinct from

costa, fading out before reaching inner margin; a faint subterminal

band two-thirds across wing and a series of clearly defined short

black bars at base of fringes. Hind wings white, slightly yellowish

along upper margin, with a distinct dot and a row of black bars at

base of fringes. Expanse 29 mm.

Holotype, male, Inyo County, California, October 10, 1922,

in Barnes collection.

Zanclognatha martha Barnes, sp. nov.

Ground color bright purplish brown, somewhat darker outwardly.

Head and thorax concolorous; ordinary lines in most specimens

tending to obsolescence except on costa; basal line not traceable

except very faintly in two specimens; t.a. line slender dark brown,

well marked on costa, elsewhere faint, beginning with an outward

projection from costa it runs across the wing directly or with a

slight outward curve; moderate outward angulations between veins;

t. p. line slender brown; most distinct on costa, else in many speci-

mens barely traceable, denticulate on veins, exserted beyond cell;

below the cell the line is drawn inwardly, then outwardly to inner

border; s.t. line ridged, pale, rarely conspicuous, barely traceable in

some specimens; terminal row of fine black lunules at base of con-

colorous fringes; usually with a vague brownish median shade.

Orbicular wanting; reniform oval, dark, in some specimens well

marked, in others barely traceable. Secondaries paler than primaries;

extra median line dark; discal dot distinct or faint; subterminal line

JULY, 1928] BARNES NEW LEPIDOPTERA

present, sometimes marked by pale scales; a terminal row of neat

black dashes at base of the concolorous fringes.

Beneath paler, grayish brown; powdery markings neatly and dis-

tinctly defined; all wings with discal dot and dark extra-mesial band.

Some specimens show a faint subterminal band on hind wings.

Expanse 29 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, in Barnes collection;

paratypes five males, two females, in Barnes collection and

eight males and three females in Lemmer collection, all from

Lakehurst, N. J.

The specimen mentioned by Smith under protumnosalis

Walker, Bull. 48, U. S. N. M., 1895, p. 43, is probably this

species although there is but a single female out of the 19

specimens before us as small as the one he had.

Named for Mrs. Lemmer as a slight token of our apprecia-

tion of her valuable assistance to Mr. Lemmer in collecting so

many rare specimens in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey.

Zanclognatha jacchusalis bryanti Barnes, race nov.

A series of specimens taken at Westminster, B. C, differ to

such a degree from long series of the eastern jacchiisalis and

ochreipennis as well as from lutalba of Manitoba that they

seem entitled to a varietal name. While the markings are the

same as in jacchusalis the ground color is paler. The outer

third of the fore wing is covered by a darker brown shading.

The ordinary markings, except the subterminal line, are even

less distinct, being practically lost in some specimens.

The contrasting shades of the fore wing, pale inwardly,

dark outwardly, should serve to separate this variety.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and six male and one

female paratypes collected by Theo. Bryant at Wellington,

B. C., and Duncans, Vancouver Island, in the Barnes col-

lection.

Paraphia esther Barnes, sp. nov.

Expanse 29-31 mm. Fore wings from base to t.p. line dark

ashen gray, more or less darkened by brownish black scales.

Beyond the line is a broad reddish shade followed by a broad

terminal dark blackish border to the wing. The reddish band

varies much in distinctness, in some specimens being con-

siderably obscured, especially towards costa, by dark scales.

12 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

T.a. line dark, oblique from costa, thence by a gentle curve to

inner margin, variably distinct in different specimens, some-

times not traceable. Median shade quite distinct in some speci-

mens, in others not traceable. T.p. line brownish black, usually

broken, occasionally entire. Discal black dot usually in evi-

dence. A distinct white subapical spot. Fringe dark basally,

whitish outwardly, cut by dark points at end of veins. Sec-

ondaries with a slight outward angle. Coloration as in pri-

maries ; median shade sometimes distinct, usually scarcely

traceable. Discal dot present. The fringes of both wings in

all the specimens are largely worn away, but the edge of the

fore wings is apparently slightly scalloped and that of the hind

wings somewhat more so.

Beneath markings as above but paler.

Described from 15 males, one from Southern Pines, N. C.,

May 1-7, the remainder from Lakehurst, N. J., June and July.

Holotype, male and 6 paratypes in the Barnes collection.

Seven paratypes in Lemmer collection.

Named in honor of Mrs. Esther Murray, who, Mr. Lemmer

informs me, has given him valuable assistance in collecting.

Paraphia esther lemmeri Barnes, form nov.

Four males and the single female show no trace of the sub-

apical white dot. Considerable confusion has been caused by

later authors giving names to varieties and aberrations men-

tioned by previous describers. In case, as has often happened,

the original author has incorrectly identified the species and has

not labelled the variety or aberration, it becomes impossible to

correctly place the name applied by the subsequent writer. For

this reason it seems better to definitely fix the type at this time.

The males correspond in all respects with the type form with

the exception of wanting the apical white dot.

The only female before me is of this form. Expanse 39 mm.

More evenly colored. While in evidence, the reddish and

grayish portions of the wings are so obscured by darker scales

as to almost obliterate the contrast so evident in the male.

Holotype male, allotype female, and one paratype in Barnes

collection. Two male paratypes in Lemmer collection. Same

locality and dates as the type form.

JULY, 1928] BARNES NEW LEPIDOPTERA

Scizura unicornis deserta Barnes, race nov.

A well marked race much paler throughout than the eastern

typical form. Fore wings pale gray with markings as in

unicornis but brighter, more contrasting, with much less red.

Hind wings usually white, a little dusky in some specimens.

In the female the hind wings are uniformly darker gray with

well marked mesial white line.

Eureka, Stockton and Callao, Utah, July, Spalding. Twenty-

seven males, 3 females.

Holotype male, allotype female ; paratypes 26 males, 2

females, all in Barnes collection.

RECENT GIFTS TO THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Two interesting additions have recently been made to the

collections in the entomological department of the Academy of

Sciences. Mr. J. O. Martin has presented his collection of

Coleoptera subject to the same conditions under which a

number of other collections have recently been accepted by the

Academy, assuring Mr. Martin the use and control of his

material during his lifetime. Mr. Martin’s collection, number-

ing perhaps 20,000 specimens, consists mostly of the beetles

of California and includes exceptionally interesting series of

certain restricted groups among the aquatics and other forms.

Another notable gift is the collection of North American

Delphacidae accumulated by Mr. W. M. Giffard of Honolulu

and presented by him to the Academy. Mr. Giffard’s gift

includes long series of our California species taken by him

in various parts of the state, some northern and eastern speci-

mens, and the North American material in the D. M. Crawford

collection. To this collection, which numbers nearly 1400

specimens, Mr. Otto Swezey has added a small but valuable

series of delphacids taken by him in Ohio. Mr. Giffard’s gift

is of additional value on account of its having been used by

Mr. Giffard and Mr. Muir in their studies on the North

American Delphacidae and includes all of Mr. Giffard’s beau-

tifully executed genitalic mounts made from these specimens.

This gift, with the very considerable delphacid material already

in the museum of the Academy, makes this, perhaps, the largest

series of these interesting little leaf-hoppers in this country. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

NOTES ON THE LIEE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF

MELITTOBIA CHALYBH ASHMEAD.

(CHALCIDOIDEA: ELACHERTID^)

BY E. R. BUCKELL

Dominion Entomological Branch, Vernon, B. C.

During the winter of 1926 several generations of Melittobia

chalybii were reared in the laboratory at Vernon. The chalcids

were given to the writer by A. A. Dennys of the Dominion

Entomological Branch, who had reared them from the mud

cell of a potter-wasp (Eumenes fraterna Say.). The adults

from the potter-wasp cell were supplied with grubs of the

mud-wasp (Sceliphron cementarius Drury), which were easy

to obtain during the winter. Mud-wasp grubs proved excellent

material for rearing the chalcids and, owing to the large size

of the former, hundreds of the parasites were reared upon one

grub. Specimens of this chalcid were sent to specialists of the

United States National Museum, who identified them as the

above species. The genus Melittobia belongs to the family

Elachertidae, superfamily Chalcidoidea ( Chalcid-flies ) , order

Hymenoptera.

Various species of Melittobia have been reared from the

nests of many genera of wild bees such as Anthophora, Osmia,

Stelis, Anthidium, Bremus, Odynerus, Vespula, Leucopsis,

Ceratina, Megachile and others, as well as from the wasps

Eumenes and Sceliphron.

Method of Study: The chalcids were reared in small glass

dishes, one inch in diameter, covered with a piece of glass.

These glass dishes were placed in a larger glass-topped box and

kept in the warmth of the laboratory.

Each little dish was considered as a separate experiment and

daily observations were carefully tabulated. It is not the inten-

tion of the writer to give these various tabulations in this

paper, but merely a brief account of the life-history and habits

compiled from notes and tabulations. This artificial method

of rearing, while enabling quite satisfactory observations to be

made on certain phases of the life-history of the insect, does

not, by any means, enable one to give an accurate and complete

account as it would occur in nature.

JULY, 1928]

BUCKELL MELITTOBIA

Fig. 1. Adult male. (Drawing by F. C. Hennessey.)

Fig. 2. Male antenna. (Drawing by F. C. Hennessey.)

Fig. 3. Adult female. (Drawing by F. C. Hennessey.)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

Experiment (A) : To rear generations of the insect to

supply material for other experiments. One female chalcid was

placed in a glass dish containing two naked mud-wasp grubs

and one grub enclosed in its silken cocoon.

Experiment (B) : To rear material and to determine if the

mud-wasp grub enclosed in its cocoon would be attacked. One

female chalcid was placed in a glass dish containing one naked

mud-wasp grub and one grub enclosed in its silken cocoon.

Experiment (C) : To watch pupation and emergence. One

mud-wasp grub covered with well grown chalcid larvae was

placed in a glass dish.

Experiment (D) : To observe pairing and oviposition. One

mud-wasp grub was placed in a glass dish, and two male and

six female chalcids, which had just emerged, were placed

with it.

Experiment (E) : To watch pupation and determine length

of pupal period. Ten full-grown chalcid larvae were placed

each in a small glass vial.

Experiments (F) and (G) : To see if eggs would be laid

and adults produced from unfertilized eggs. In experiment

(F), six female pupae and in experiment (G) ten female pupae

were placed in two small glass dishes each with a mud-wasp

grub.

Experiment (H) : To observe the act of oviposition and to

remove the eggs to determine the length of the egg stage. A

fertile female chalcid was placed in a small glass dish with a

mud- wasp grub.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS

Egg: The egg consists of a clear, jelly-like substance

enclosed in a very thin, delicate, granular envelope. It is

slightly curved, circular in cross section with hemispherical

ends, about four and one-half times as long as broad, and larger

at one end than at the other. Measurements indicate a length of

.014 inch, a diameter at the larger end of .004 inch, and a

diameter of .002 inch at the smaller end. No marked changes

are visible during the egg stage, but the egg becomes slightly

more opaque just before hatching. Out of 44 eggs kept under

close observation 39 hatched in four days; the remaining five

JULY, 1928]

BUG KELL MELITTOBIA

eggs hatched in three days. Unfertilized eggs hatched in three

days and invariably produced male chalcids.

The actual process of hatching was never observed, but

freshly emerged larvae were seen on several occasions with the

cast egg skin remaining as a small shrivelled pellet close beside

them.

Larva: The larva when first hatched grows rapidly and is

twice the size of the egg in a few hours. At first it is a trans-

parent shiny little grub with clearly defined segmentation. It is

entirely without appendages and remains until full grown prac-

tically motionless upon the body of the mud-wasp grub with

its mouth parts applied to the body of the host, sucking out its

juices. There appear to be no moults. A full-grown larva

measures .07 inch in length and .02 inch in greatest diameter.

The larval stage lasts from eleven days for males to fifteen

days for females. When full grown the larva loses its bright

shiny appearance and becomes a dead white color, and a

number of fat globules are visible under its integument. At

this time the larva usually loosens its hold on its host and rolls

off to one side. The food within the body of the larva now loses

its moisture, turns from greenish yellow to a dark brown or

almost black, and collects in a dry mass in the posterior half

of the alimentary canal. Shortly after it is ejected slowly in a

long dry string of frass pellets. This string of dry frass is often

three times as long as the larva and usually remains sticking

to the anal end even after pupation has taken place.

Larvae under observation showed signs of pupation two days

after all the frass had been ejected from the body, and on the

third day pupation took place. During the process of pupation

the larva becomes extremely soft and ruptures at the least touch

of the skin. The head, legs and wings gradually become blocked

out beneath the delicate skin, which is then shed and the pupa

soon hardens.

Pupa : The pupae are completely naked, without any kind of

cocoon or protective covering, and lie about in all positions

amongst the long strings of dry frass. At first they are com-

pletely white, but distinct color changes take place before

emergence. The first change to be noted is that the tips of the

mandibles turn brown. Then the eyes and ocelli become pink.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

later turning a deep crimson red. As the pupal period proceeds,

the whole of the mandibles turn brown and the body of the

pupa turns yellow, then gray, and finally, a few days before

emergence, a deep shining black. From a large number of

observations it was found that these color changes were very

constant and took place as follows : Mandibles : Tips brown

in one to three days, entirely brown in thirteen to fifteen days.

Eyes : Tinged with red in three to five days, deep crimson red

in six to nine days. Body : Turns yellowish in five to six days,

turns gray in fifteen to seventeen days, and turns deep shining

black in sixteen to eighteen days.

The pupal stage for a large number of females and a few

males was carefully recorded. The females were in the pupal

stage for eighteen days and the males for seven days.

When the adult is ready to emerge, its pupal skin becomes

very soft and sticky and easily tears when stretched. The pupa,

lying on its back, struggles weakly, and expands and contracts

its body. After a little while its legs and antennae, encased in

their pupal membrane, gradually free themselves from the

thorax. The pupal wings rapidly expand and unfold, while

the legs work themselves free. The pupal skin now breaks up

into patches over the thorax and abdomen and is pushed back-

ward in sticky patches by the legs. First the fore legs, then the

middle legs, and finally the hind legs take up the task of ridding

the chalcid of its pupal skin. At last the skin is pushed away

by the hind legs and the adult wings are expanded. The adult

now struggles to turn over on to its feet. Soon it succeeds in

doing so, and commences to make a final clean up of its body,

pushing off the remaining patches of skin with its legs. The

skin of the antennae and the head capsule are pushed off in one

piece by the front legs; the pupal wing cases also come off in

one piece and do not tear up as does the skin on the thorax and

abdomen. The emergence takes about five minutes. When fully

emerged, the adult spends some time rubbing its legs together,

smoothing down its wings, and in generally cleaning up.

Adult : The female is a small black chalcid, one-tenth of an

inch in length. It has well formed wings which overlap, one

on the top of the other, flat along its back. The ovipositor.

JULY, 1928]

BUCKELL MELITTOBIA

which is provided with a short triangular serrated tip, lies,

when not in use, in a groove on the ventral surface of the

abdomen. The ovipositor measures .023 inch in length, .001

inch in width, with a serrated tip of .002 inch.

The male is broad, more stoutly built, and of a reddish

brown color instead of black. The head is large and the com-

pound eyes and ocelli minute. The antennae are very curious

appendages in the male. They are provided with a clasper

which is used while pairing, and the terminal portion is very

sensitive and evidently makes up for the poorly developed

compound eyes. The wings are small rounded stumps which

are carried erect over the thorax when the male is in motion,

and are quite useless for flight.

The period from oviposition to the adult stage varies con-

siderably according to the sex. From a number of observations

it was found that this period for males was twenty-one days ;

with three days in the egg stage, eleven days as a larva, and

seven days as a pupa. For females the total period was

thirty-seven days ; with four days in the egg stage, fifteen days

as a larva, and seven days as a pupa. The females produced

greatly outnumbered the males.

The females, although fully winged, were never seen to

fly, and could not be induced to do' so. When teased they

would hop about like fleas. They spend much time each day

in carefully cleaning and grooming themselves, and readily

free their bodies of any foreign material with their legs. The

front legs will double back and clean the whole dorsal surface

of the thorax and the head, while the hind pair clean the

wings and abdomen. The legs are cleaned by rubbing them

together after the manner of the house fly.

Fertile females, confined in a glass vial, quickly gnawed

their way out through an inch of cork, all escaping through

the one tunnel. Doubtless this is the method employed in

escaping from the mud-wasp’s cell.

The males are extremely pugnacious and fight fiercely with

one another until one of them is killed. A dead male, or even

a small piece of one, will be fiercely pounced upon by another

male, and dragged around and thrown about with a great show

of anger, like a terrier with a rat.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

Many hours were spent by the writer watching these little

chalcids through a binocular microscope as they went about

their daily tasks on the surface of the comparatively enormous

mud-wasp grub. They paid no attention to strong electric

light turned upon them, and no cover was necessary over the

small glass dish in which they were being kept as they never

attempted to leave it.

When a male and some females were placed in one of the

glass dishes with a fresh mud-wasp grub the females, after

pairing, began to pay attention to the mud-wasp, which was,

at this time, quite lively, and would roll about when touched.

During the next few days the females were almost constantly

upon the body of the grub, piercing it with their ovipositors

and feeding upon the drop of juice which exudes when the

ovipositor was withdrawn. It is believed that some paralyzing

fluid was injected during this puncturing process, as the mud-

wasp grub, enormous as it is in comparison to the chalcid,

becomes quiescent and immobile within twenty-four hours. In

this condition the mud-wasp grub remains until sucked almost

completely dry by the mass of feeding larvae. At last it dies and

decays, but not before several generations of chalcids have

been produced.

Extract from notes'. At 5 :18 p. m. a female was observed,

with her ovipositor extended at right angles to her abdomen,

pushing downwards at the skin of the grub beneath her. The

grub’s skin was dented in as if hard to penetrate, and the

chalcid’s ovipositor bent from side to side. At 5 :20 p. m. the

ovipositor entered, and the skin of the grub resumed its natural

position. The chalcid, with antennae waving and abdomen

pulsating, had pushed hard on her ovipositor, which by 5 :22

p. m. is in to the full extent. For nearly five minutes the

chalcid remained quiet with her antennae moving gently. At

5 :27 the ovipositor began slowly to be withdrawn. This seemed

to take considerable strength on the part of the chalcid, espe-

cially when the enlarged serrated tip is extracted, with slow

straining movements, from the tough skin of the grub. By

5 :30 p. m., the ovipositor having been withdrawn and folded

back against her abdomen, the chalcid backed a little and began

JULY, 1928]

BUCKELL MELITTOBIA

to drink the drop of juice which had exuded from the puncture.

This could be seen slowly decreasing as the chalcid drank with

motionless antennae and pulsating abdomen. By 5 :32 p. m.

the remains of the fluid had hardened into a small pellet of

half dried juice, and drinking was no longer possible. The

chalcid now placed her ovipositor near the same spot as if to

drill for more juice, but did not do so. She backed and gnawed

at the pellet with her jaws until it was loosened and could be

masticated and swallowed. She then cleaned her jaws and legs

and prepared again to drill for food, but did not do so, and

after a final cleaning of jaws and legs she appeared satisfied

and wandered away at 5 :43 p. m.

After a day or two of feeding in the manner described, the

abdomen becomes round and plump, and oviposition soon

commences.

The male chalcid is very attentive to the females, and, as

soon as they emerge, will be found continually passing from

one female to another, crawling upon them and rapidly clasp-

ing and unclasping the female’s antennae with his curious

antennal claspers. This is usually repeated many times before

copulation, which lasts about three seconds, takes place. The

males take no food, and, after pairing with the females, soon

die.

The females begin to lay their eggs soon after pairing. The

eggs are laid on the surface of the mud-wasp grub, either singly

or in little clumps. While laying eggs the chalcid stands on

raised legs with her ovipositor pointing forward ; its tip resting

on the surface of the mud-wasp grub. When closely watched,

it will be seen that the ovipositor splits along the ventral (now

upper) surface, and the egg appears as a thin ribbon visible

throughout the whole length of the ovipositor. The egg swells

out suddenly from the lower third of the ovipositor into a large

sausage-shaped object six times as thick as the ovipositor, and

is soon completely free. The chalcid usually lays a number

of eggs at a time, at the rate of two eggs per minute.

The mud-wasp grubs which were left in their tough cocoons

remained alive and unharmed throughout these experiments.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

the chalcids being unable to pierce these cocoons either for

oviposition or feeding.

Two experiments were carried on to see if infertile eggs

would hatch and produce adults. In each case a number of

female pupae were isolated and placed with a fresh mud-wasp

grub. It was found that the chalcids laid very few eggs with-

out pairing and all the eggs laid produced males. It is probable

that in nature the males are produced from infertile eggs, laid

by the females, in a similar manner to that employed by the

honey bee.

No accurate information was obtained as to the number of

eggs that one female would lay. They were evidently capable

of laying a large number, as several hundred larvae would be

present on a mud- wasp grub at one time from eggs laid by two

or three females. It was usual to remove the females after a

few days or the food supply would not be sufficient to support

the host of grubs produced.

As the early stages of this chalcid are passed in comparative

safety within the mud cell of some solitary wasp or bee, they

are very well sheltered from harm and no special protective

devices are found. The adults, when they first emerge within

the mud cell of a solitary wasp, are immune from enemy attack,

and here presumably, pairing takes place. After pairing, the

males probably die, while the females gnaw their way out of

the mud cell to seek fresh food suitable for their larvae.

From this point on the life-history as it would occur in nature

can only be surmised.

The females, being fully winged but flightless, must depend

on their legs in their search for fresh hosts. Possibly the wasp

or bee’s cell is entered before it is closed by the parent insect,

and the chalcid may lay its eggs on the food supply of spiders

or larvae of various kinds which were intended for the larva of

the host, thus starving the rightful owner. On the other hand,

the chalcid may gnaw its way into the wasp’s cell through the

mud wall and lay its eggs upon the grub within after it has

become large enough to support the chalcid larvae. These are

points which the laboratory experiments failed to clear up and

which must be left unsolved by the writer at the present time.

JULY, 1928]

SALMAN A NEW PEPSIS

ON A NEW SPECIES OF PEPSIS. (FAMILY PSAM-

MOCHARID^, ORDER HYMENOPTERA)

BY KENNETH A. SALMAN*

Pepsis bequaerti Salman n. sp.

Male. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs black with a bluish

or greenish over-color. Wings yellow or yellowish brown,

sometimes a reddish brown. Fore wings with hyaline apical

border, subapical cloudy border and basal black band. Hind

wings with apical cloudy border and basal black band. Body

length of type specimen 23 mm. (In the specimens at hand the

body length varies from 14 to 24 mm.)i Length of fore wing

24 mm.

Head. Labrum truncate or slightly rounded apically and with

marginal fringe of hairs and spines. Clypeus strongly swollen; sub-

angulately emarginate. Ocelli situated on a slight elevation; distance

from hind ocelli to eyes about one and one-third times as great as the

distance between the ocelli. Head rather thickly covered with hairs.

Antennae black; sensory cells not grouped in clearly defined areas.

Thorax. Pronotum with shoulders not greatly developed; hind

margin subangulate; entire surface covered with long, black hairs.

Scutellum with deep transverse furrow near its base caudad of scuto-

scutellar suture. Metanotum with median rectangular raised area,

the dorsal surface of which is somewhat depressed in the center.

Mesopleural tubercle distinct. Inner tibial spur of hind leg about

one-third the length of basitarsus. Tarsal claws of hind leg long and

curved. Tooth at base of claws but poorly developed.

Propodeum. Degree of sculpturing of propodeum very variable

on different specimens. Horizontal surface with median furrow dis-

tinct; transverse ridge low and rounded above; lateral carinse usually

distinct; lateral teeth weakly to moderately developed. Transverse

striations of horizontal surface more distinct just before the trans-

verse ridge than on the remainder of the surface. Sloping surface

convexly rounded; transverse striations more distinct immediately

behind transverse ridge and indistinct near the hind margin of pro-

podeum. Subspiracular tubercle indistinct. Lateral angles of hind

margin of propodeum rounded. Entire surface of propodeum rather

thickly covered with black hairs.

Abdomen. Dorsal plate of first segment abruptly swollen, not

cone-shaped as in P. chrysothemis Luc. Sternite of second segment

with ventral furrow moderately developed although not always

clearly outlined. Abdomen sparsely covered with long hairs on

^Contribution from the entomological laboratory of the Massachusetts

Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

ventral surface and on posterior tergites. Ventral hair tufts wanting.

Subgenital plate broad; visible portion nearly quadrate; apical and

subapical (median transverse) carinae present. Lateral portions of

apical Carina enlarged and somewhat toothlike. Subapical trans-

verse Carina erect, somewhat curved, extending nearly the entire

width of subgenital plate at the point of its occurrence near the

middle of the ventral surface of the plate. Ventral margin of sub-

apical Carina sloping gently away on each side from higher, obtusely-

angled median portion. Ventral surface of subgenital plate, basad

of subapical carina, covered with short, fine hairs; surface of plate,

distad of subapical carina, with hairs more sparsely placed.

Genitalia. Sagittee curved in the form of a C. Apex of each pointed,

but not with an elongate beak. Preapical portion very broad, nar-

rowed abruptly towards the base to form a narrow, curved, basal

band. Basal portion prolonged mesially to form a boot-shaped pro-

tuberance. A dense tuft of stiff, black hairs present on convex

ventral surface of preapical portion of sagitta and a single row of

fine hairs occurs on inner margin. Sagittae slightly longer than inner

distal prolongations of the gonostipes, but much shorter than

cochleara. Inner margin of cochlearum straight for about two-thirds

of the distance from base to apex. Inner or mesal surface somewhat

concave except towards apex, where it is convex and rounded.

Apical portion of cochlearum bearing a dense covering of heavy,

black, long and short hairs which also extends towards base on the

outer lateral surface. Described from 9 males.

Holotype ; male. Valentine, Presidio Co., Texas, July 8,

1917, to be deposited by J. Bequaert in the collection of the

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Para-

types, all males, Valentine, Presidio Co., Tex., VII-8-T7 ;

Sierra Blanca, El Paso Co., Tex., VII-8-T7 ; Sheffield, Pecos

Co., Tex., VII-5-T7 ; Valentine, Presidio Co., Tex., VII-8-T7 ;

Lordsburg, Grant Co., N. M., VIT13-T7 ; Mexico (no further

data for this specimen) ; Congress Jc., Ariz., July, F. H. Snow

Col.; Nogales, Ariz., VII-7-’03, Oslar.

The first three of the above paratypes have been returned to

Dr. J. Bequaert, the next three are retained in the author’s

collection, the seventh is the property of the University of

Kansas and the last of Pomona College.

I have named this species for Dr. J. Bequaert of Harvard

University, to whom I am indebted for the material in which

the greater number of the specimens were found.

This species runs to P. chrysothemis Luc. in Banks’ key to

the genus Pepsis (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XIV, 22, 1921,)

JULY, 1928]

SALMAN A NEW PEPSIS

which may be modified as follows to accommodate this new

species :

8. Subgenital plate elongate, more or less hairy, without a

median tooth or a transverse ridge 9

Subgenital plate shorter, with median and apical transverse

carinae; no ventral hair brushes.

a. Median transverse carina much shorter than width of

subgenital plate, curved at extremities chrysothemis

b. Median transverse carina nearly as long as the width of

subgenital plate at the point of occurrence of the

carina hequaerti

It differs from P. chrysothemis Luc. in the lighter color of

the wing, the shape and length of the subapical carina of the

subgenital plate and in the structure and hairiness of the

sagittae.

P. hequaerti belongs in group B, II, b, a, |, ** (p. 731) of

Lucas’ paper, “Die Pompiliden-Gattung Pepsis” (Ber. Ent.

Zeit., XXXIX, Heft IV, 1895), where, because the key is

based largely on color characters, it may run to P. chrysothemis

or to near P. thisbe Luc. It differs from the description of

thishe in the structure of the subgenital plate and in the size

of the body. The structure of the sagittae and cochleara of the

new species is not as figured by Lucas for thishe.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF BEES OF THE GENUS

PERDITA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

The species of bees of the genus Perdita Smith recorded here

are contained in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences, and were collected in Arizona and Lower California.

The collection also contains a considerable number of species

from California, including several new species, but these will

be considered in my account of the California species of the

genus.

1. Perdita numerata Cockerell

One female, collected April 14, 1923, at Yuma, Arizona (E. P.

Van Duzee). Previously known only from the type locality,

viz., Mesilla Valley, New Mexico.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

2. Perdita dasylirii Cockerell

Three females, collected July 10 and August 20, 1924, in the

Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona (O'. C. Poling). At first I

determined these specimens as P. nolincB Ckll., but later con-

cluded that nolincB is the female of dasylirii. P. dasyliri was

described from the supposed female and male, but a specimen

received from Dr, Cockerell and another received from the

American Museum, collected in the Sabino Basin, Santa Cata-

lina Mountains, Arizona, are males, although agreeing exactly

with the description of the supposed female. I have concluded,

therefore, that P. dasylirii was based on two species, both of

the male sex, and have restricted the name to the first one

described, which is also the more strongly marked and more

easily recognizable. My reasons for considering P. nolincs Ckll.

as the female of dasylirii will be given fully elsewhere.

P. nolincB was described from the Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina

Mountains, Arizona, and P. dasylirii from Alamogordo, New

Mexico. Both were found on Liliaceous flowers.

3. Perdita obliqua Timberlake, n. sp.

Known only in the female sex, which runs best, perhaps, in

Cockerell’s table of Perdita (Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., 1896), to

P. alhovittata Ckll. (couplet 68), although the clypeus is prac-

tically nude. If continued on account of the latter character to the

next couplet, it would fall with the male of P. austini Ckll., as the

lateral face marks reach above the level of the antennal sockets.

P. obliqua differs from P. alhovittata by having the clypeus

nude, the lateral marks thrice as high as wide and diverging

above where they form an acute point considerably above

antennal sockets, the abdominal bands rather narrow and

straight, instead of being dilated and bent at the lateral mar-

gins, the mandibles not expanded on inner margin, the claws

dentate instead of simple, maxillary palpi 6 instead of 5-jointed,

etc. It can hardly be the unknown female of P. austini, as it is

rather too large, with the pubescence not sparse but rather abun-

dant and conspicuous, the head and thorax dark green instead

of nearly black, etc.

Female. Head about as long as wide, well rounded on the sides

and gently rounded above. Cheeks rather narrow. Mandibles ordi-

nary, rather blunt and apparently simple at apex, (but closed and

JULY, 1928]

TIMBERLAKE NEW PERDITAS

not fully visible in type), and reaching not quite to far margin of

labrum. Eyes large, with the inner orbits arcuate and somewhat

convergent above. Clypeus rather strongly projecting in front of

ocular line; disk convex, considerably broader than long and mod-

erately broadly rounded above; lateral extensions short, strongly

inflexed and concealed in frontal view of head. Lateral plates of

face not much widened below, and each at level of dog-ear plates

covering somewhat less than one-fourth the total width of face.

Prominence between antennae low and tectiformly rounded. Frons

without a median impressed line, although there is a faint indication

of one above, just below anterior ocellus. Abdomen rather narrowly

oval, fully twice as long as wide, convex, the pygidium small, rather

narrow and very narrowly rounded at apex. Membrane of wings

with the setae obsolete; stigma of ordinary size and width, and

emitting radius somewhat beyond the middle; marginal cell about as

long as stigma, squarely truncate at apex and with the substigmatal

and poststigmatal parts about equal; second submarginal cell nar-

rowed about one-half to marginal; first and second recurrent veins

interstitial with the intercubiti. Claws of front and middle legs rather

deeply cleft, the inner tooth somewhat shorter than the outer one

and rather strongly divergent (claws of hind legs missing in type).

Head and thorax polished and shining, the vertex and cheeks

delicately and not very distinctly tessellate, the mesopleura very

indistinctly tessellate, propodeum finely, rather delicately but dis-

tinctly tessellate, clypeus rather dull but smooth. Face, except

clypeus, frons, cheeks, mesonotum and pleura, with numerous but

well separated and extremely fine punctures. Clypeus with sparse,

shallow and comparatively coarse punctures. Abdomen with the

usual microscopic lineolation and moderately shining. Pubescence

whitish, rather abundant; short and erect on face, frons and mesono-

tum; similar but considerably longer on cheeks and pleura. Clypeus

with only a very few short hairs. Abdomen nearly nude, except the

usual coarse hair toward apex.

Head and thorax very dark green, the disk of propodeum slightly

blue-green. Clypeus piceous, labrum and apex of mandibles reddish

piceous. Basal two-thirds of mandibles creamy white, but shading

through brownish yellow toward apex, three marks on clypeus and

lateral face marks creamy white. Median mark of clypeus somewhat

dagger-shaped, pointed anteriorly and not quite reaching to anterior

margin. Lateral marks of clypeus placed on each side of disk an-

teriorly, hardly extending on lateral extensions, separated from

margin of labrum by a dark line, subquadrate in shape and with the

inner margin of each straight and parallel with each other. Lateral

marks of face oblique to each other, diverging above, about thrice

as high as wide below, narrower below than contiguous margin of

lateral marks of clypeus, and very pointed above where they intrude

between foveae and orbits at a point considerably above the antennal

28 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

sockets and slightly above middle of eyes. Cheeks entirely dark.

Large spot on tubercles and broad posterior margin of pronotum,

almost joining with mark on tubercles, creamy white. Abdomen

piceous above and below, the pygidium yellowish brown but abruptly

black at base. Tergites 4 and 5 with broad testaceous apical margin,

very broad on 5, but apical margin of preceding tergites not per-

ceptibly paler. Tergites 2 to 4 with a moderately narrow, straight,

basal, creamy white band, not quite reaching to lateral margains,

very slightly and broadly emarginate behind medially and obliquely

truncate at ends on 3 and 4, and a little narrower throughout and

almost square at ends on 2. Tergite 5 at base with a thin white line,

narrowly interrupted at middle, and which surely would be concealed

by preceding segment when abdomen is contracted. Legs piceous,

front and middle knees pale yellow or creamy white, front tibiae

except behind distinctly yellow; front tarsi pale brownish yellow,

with the claws brown at apex; middle tarsi pale brownish yellow

toward apex. Labio-maxillary structure piceous. Antennae piceous,

the scape pale yellow beneath and the flagellum rather narrowly dull

yellow beneath. Tegulae testaceous hyaline and creamy white at base.

Wings apparently clear hyaline (they are badly gummed together

in type), the veins rather pale yellowish, with subcosta and margins

of stigma deeper yellow, the stigma otherwise hyaline. Length

about 5.0 mm. Described from 1 female.

Holotype, female, No. 2576, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., col-

lected by O. C. Poling, August 20, 1924, in the Baboquivari

Mountains, Arizona.

4. Perdita keiferi Timberlake, n. sp.

The male of keiferi runs to P. biparticeps Ckll., (couplet 31)

in Cockerell’s table (1896) and differs by having the head

small, or more rarely only moderately enlarged, the lateral

face marks subtruncate above about half-way between level

of antennal sockets and anterior ocellus, the wings clear

hyaline with pale brown stigma and veins, the abdomen piceous

with a narrow basal yellow band on tergites 2 and 3, or some-

times on 2 to 5, etc.

The female runs to P. phymatce Ckll. (couplet 23) and is

very similar but differs by the clear hyaline wings with paler

veins, the stigma much larger and broader (as in P. rhois Ckll.)

the middle legs entirely dark, the front tibiae less broadly and

less conspicuously yellow anteriorly, and the abdomen with a

greenish luster.

Male. Head not enlarged, or sometimes only moderately so, but

wider than thorax, considerably wider than long and strongly

JULY, 1928 ] TIMBERLAKE NEW PERDITAS

rounded on sides and above. Cheeks rather narrow and simple. Eyes

ordinary in size, wider below than at upper end, the inner orbits very

slightly emarginate above. Mandibles slender, very acute and simple

at apex, reaching, when closed, approximately to far margin of

labrum. Clypeus moderately convex, the disk much broader than

high, broadly truncate above between dog-ear plates and broadly

continuous at sides with the lateral extensions; the latter broad at

inner ends, strongly narrowed toward base of mandibles and only

narrowly reflexed on anterior margin, so that they are almost wholly

visible in frontal view of head. Dog-ear plates not much longer than

wide and pointed below. Lateral plates of face not widened at lower

end, each usually covering somewhat less than one-third the total

width of face, or if head is enlarged one-third or a little more.

Prominence between antennae rather high and rounded. Lower half

of frons with a distinct sulcate median line, which reaches to the

prominence. Antennae short, the scape broad and hardly twice as

long as wide. Abdomen oval, rather depressed, and when not

strongly contracted more than twice as long as wide, the apex not

recurved; seventh tergite with a rather narrow truncate apex.

Membrane of wings in apical field covered with moderately dense

microscopic setae; stigma large and broad, fully as long and as wide

as first submarginal cell, and emitting radius a little beyond the

middle; marginal cell strongly oblique to the costal margin, a little

shorter than stigma, amost squarely truncate at apex and with the

substigmatal part much narrower and nearly twice as long as post-

stigmatal part; second submarginal cell narrowed about one-third

above, the second intercubitus more strongly curved than usual; first

recurrent vein received by the first submarginal cell near apex, the

second recurrent vein interstitial with second intercubitus; subdis-

coidal and second recurrent veins obsolete. Claws small, cleft not

quite to the middle, and with the inner tooth a little shorter than

the outer tooth.

Head moderately shining, the frons and vertex finely, rather deli-

cately but distinctly tessellate and very sparsely and indistinctly

punctured. Lateral plates of face tessellate like the frons but

remainder of face very indistinctly tessellate and with sparse micro-

scopic punctures. Cheeks more delicately tessellate and more shining

than frons and with numerous, very fine, well separated punctures.

Thorax shining, more delicately tessellate than frons, the sculpture

rather faint and practically uniform all over, the puncturation of

mesonotum and pleura very sparce and indistinct. Abdomen micro-

scopically lineolate and shining. Pubescence whitish, rather long

and erect; moderately abundant but somewhat shorter and sub-

appressed on the cheeks; sparse on frons, vertex and mesonotum,

and on the latter confined mostly to anterior part of mesoscutum;

face below antennae nude.

Head and thorax slightly bluish dark green. Mandibles, except

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

red apices, labrum and entire face beneath antennae bright lemon

yellow, the yellow conspicuously extending in a point above antennal

sockets in median line to upper end of prominence, and laterally

extending broadly to middle of frons, where it is more or less

obliquely truncate or broadly rounded, but meets the margin of eyes

more or less rectangularly. Cheeks beneath broadly yellow anteriorly,

the yellow extending nearly or quite to end of gular cavity, and on

orbits extending to middle of eyes or often with a thin line reaching

almost to summits. Thorax dark, except tubercles, more or less

broad posterior margin of propleura beneath tubercles, and two

transversely oval spots on anterior end of mesosternum, yellow.

Abdomen piceous above but with a more or less apparent, metallic

greenish luster, at least on first two or three segments. Tergites

2 and 3 and frequently also 4 and 5 with a rather narrow, even,

basal yellow band, usually separated from lateral margins on 2, but

more frequently attaining, or nearly attaining, lateral margins on

following segments. Venter and apical tergite dull yellow. Front and

middle legs bright yellow, the front and middle femora and middle

tibiae behind with a large piceous mark, and the front tibiae behind

sometimes shaded with brownish; hind legs piceous, but the coxae,

trochanters, base of femora, a line on under side of both femora and

tibiae and the tarsi, yellow. Labio-maxillary structure pale brown.

Scape concolorous with face, the flagellum brown or fuscous above,

becoming paler at apex and broadly dull yellow beneath. Tegulae

testaceous hyaline. Wings clear hyaline, the veins and stigma pale

brownish, but subcosta, margins of stigma and of marginal cell,

fuscous. Length about 3. 0-3. 5 mm.

Female. Much like the male structurally but very different in the

lack of yellow markings. Head somewhat wider than long, mod-

erately rounded on sides and above. Cheeks not widened. Mandibles

stout, ordinary, blunt at apex and provided with a strong blunt

inner tooth. Clypeus large, convex, moderately projecting in front

of ocular line; disk considerably broader than high, with the oblique

sides rather straight and top not very broadly truncate; lateral

extensions very broad, short and moderately indexed. Lateral plates

of face not widened below, each covering somewhat less than one-

fourth the total width of face. Prominence between antennae mod-

erately high, becoming tectiform above level of middle of sockets.

Frons with an impressed median line near center and a thin smooth

line above toward anterior ocellus. Abdomen broadly oval, depressed,

and not quite twice as long as wide; pygidium small, narrow and

obtuse at apex. Wings as in the male, except that the membrane is

provided with sparser, nearly obsolete setee and the third discoidal

cell is complete. Claws with a short inner tooth near middle.

Head and thorax strongly tessellate but the sculpture is only

strong enough to make the surface moderately dull. Cheeks more

delicately tessellate, becoming smooth in broad stripe next to the

JULY, 1928]

TIMBERLAKE NEW PERDITAS

orbits. Clypeus smooth except above. Tessellation of thorax nearly

uniform. Frons and face with numerous but well separated fine

punctures at the sides, sparser punctures on middle of frons and

somewhat sparser punctures on disk of clypeus, but a broad median

line on clypeus impunctate. Cheeks and pleura rather indistinctly

punctured. Mesoscutum with fine punctures, which are sparse on

middle of disk and more numerous on sides and anteriorly. Abdo-

men strongly shining and with the usual microscopic lineolation.

Pubescence whitish, moderately long and mostly erect; thin but

uniformly distributed and quite conspicuous on face, including

clypeus, and on frons; denser and longer on cheeks and occiput;

longer but not denser on pleura; rather thin and short on mesonotum

but conspicuous; and much longer, denser and white on fifth tergite.

Head and thorax dark green, without pale markings, the propodeum

slightly bluish green. Abdomen piceous, without markings, the

venter dark, the tergum with a distinct greenish luster, and the

pygidium brown. Labio-maxillary structure, labrum and clypeus

piceous, the latter with a greenish luster on posterior border. Man-

dibles usually piceous at base, brownish yellow at middle and dark

red or reddish piceous at apex. Antennae piceous, but becoming

narrowly dull yellowish beneath. Legs piceous, the tarsi more or

less brownish, and the knees and tibiae of front legs yellow anteriorly.

Tegulae almost clear hyaline, but piceous at base. Wings clear

hyaline, the veins and stigma very pale brown but subcosta and

margins of stigma somewhat fuscous. Length about 4.0-4. 5 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2577, and allotype, female, No. 2578,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by H. H. Keifer, June 3,

1925, on Cedros Island, Lower California.

Described from 51 females and 27 males collected on Cedros

Island, Lower California, Mexico. Of these, 18 females and

24 males were collected June 3, 1925, by H. H. Keifer ; 3

females and 1 male (paratypes) on July 22, 1922, by G. D.

Hanna; and 30 females and 2 males (paratypes) on August 4,

1922, at Bernstein Springs, by G. D. Hanna. Several of the

females bear an agglutinated mass of pollen on the scopa, which

I suspect was gathered from the flowers of Eriogonum.

5, Perdita vanduzeei Cockerell

One male, collected June 7, 1925, at San Quentin, Lower

California (H. H. Keifer).

This I presume to be the undescribed male of P. vanduseei

Ckll. In Cockerell’s table of Perdita (1896) it would run

straight to P. crotonis Ckll. (couplet 26), except that the face

is not quite entirely creamy white beneath level of antennal

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

sockets. It consequently goes to P. sehrata Cress., in couplet 91,

to which it is not closely allied. From the closely allied crotonis

it differs by having the head considerably enlarged and sub-

quadrate, the wings milky hyaline with colorless veins, the Irons

shining instead of dull, hind legs except trochanters mainly

piceous, the labrum not notched in front, etc.

Male. Head considerably enlarged, much broader than thorax, a

little broader than long, subquadrate, or only gently rounded on sides

and above. Temples and cheeks broad, the latter simple. Eyes

small, rather more than twice as long as wide, the inner orbits

parallel. Mandibles moderately long and curved, reaching a little

beyond far margins of labrum and tapering from the wide base to

the very acute and simple apex. Labrum broader than long and

broadly rounded on apical margin (in P. crotonis the labrum has a

strong notch in middle of apical margin). Clypeus low, moderately

convex on disk, which is much broader than high and broadly

rounded above; lateral extensions almost as long as width of disk,

broad at inner ends, where they are somewhat indexed, tapering to a

point at base of mandibles, and nearly completely visible in frontal

view of head. Dog-ear plates hardly longer than wide. Lateral

plates of face up to level of antennal sockets as broad as high and

opposite middle of dog-ear plates each covering somewhat less than

one-third the total width of face. Prominence between antennae

broad and low and rather sharply carinate medially above. Frons

with a rather obscure median impressed line. Abdomen broad, nearly

twice as long as wide, not much recurved at apex, the apex of seventh

tergite much broader and more obtuse than in P. crotonis. Membrane

of wings with dense microscopic setae on apical field; stigma nar-

rowly lanceolate, somewhat shorter than first submarginal cell, and

emitting radius at the middle; marginal cell obliquely truncate at

apex, not appendiculate, as long as stigma and with the substigmatal

and poststigmatal parts about equal; second submarginal cell nar-

rowed about one-half, or a little more, above (the second intercubitus

broadly interrupted in left wing), receiving the first recurrent vein

very close to base and the second at apex; subdiscoidal and second

recurrent veins obsolete, other veins thicker than usual. Claws deeply

cleft to near the middle, the outer tooth bent outward at apex, the

inner one straight and a little shorter than the other.

Head and thorax polished and shining; vertex with very delicate

indistinct tessellations; propodeum distinctly and very finely tessellate

and somewhat duller than rest of thorax. Punctures of clypeus

sparse, fine and shallow, of sides of face and of frons close and fine,

and of vertex sparse and fine behind ocelli and nearly wanting

toward the sides. Cheeks with numerous, but extremely fine and

indistinct punctures. Mesonotum with numerous but well separated

fine punctures, which become a little closer on the sides and anterior

JULY, 1928] TIMBERLAKE NEW PERDITAS

part of scutum. Mesopleura with similar but more indistinct punc-

tures. Abdomen shining and with the usual microscopic lineolation.

Pubescence whitish, rather abundant and mostly erect; on cheeks

and pleura only a little longer than on face or mesonotum; present

on frons and sides of face but sparse on disk of clypeus and sides

of vertex; on cheeks rather dense except in a broad nude strip along

posterior orbits; on mesoscutum rather more abundant at sides and

on anterior part than on middle of disk.

Head and thorax very dark greenish blue, the propodeum and

pleura deeper blue. Mandibles, except clear red apices, labrum,

clypeus, except usual dark dots, lateral face marks, dog-ear marks

and supraclypeal mark creamy white. Lateral face marks equilat-

erally triangular, the inner margin more or less uneven, and extend-

ing from sides of clypeus just below dog-ear plates to a point on

orbits very slightly above antennal sockets, so that the face is not

quite entirely pale beneath antennee. Cheeks with a small creamy

white transverse mark anteriorly, which extends along posterior

orbits for only a short distance. Thorax entirely dark. First four

tegites of abdomen piceous, the last three segments ferruginous

above and beneath, this color also shining through the broad hyaline

apical margin of tergite 4; rest of venter grayish brown shaded with

ferruginous yellow medially. Tergites 2 to 4 with a rather broad

basal creamy white band, notched medially in front on 2 and 3 and

rather broadly interrupted on the middle of 4, and on all the seg-

ments not reaching to lateral margins, although approaching rather

closely on 2. Legs piceous, the front coxae, all trochanters except

behind, front and middle knees, their tibiae except broadly behind,

clear pale lemon yellow; front tarsi dull yellowish but becoming

clearer yellow toward base; middle tarsi brown with apical joint

pale, and hind tarsi brownish on apical joints. Labio-maxillary struc-

ture pale brown. Scape lemon yellow but fuscous above except at

base; flagellum fuscous above but becoming paler toward apex, the

last joint and under surface broadly dull yellow. Tegulae almost

clear hyaline but yellowish white at base. Wings milky hyaline, the

veins whitish, but subcosta toward apex and margins of stigma

yellowish. Length about 4.75 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

A NEW TRIARIUS FROM ARIZONA

BY J. 0. MARTIN

During the work of incorporating Dr. E. C. Van Dyke’s

collection with that of the California Academy of Sciences,

there turned up in the Academy material a series of fifteen

specimens of a Triarius which seems to present enough differ-

ences from the two species now in our lists to merit a descrip-

tion. The specimens were collected by Mr. John Carlson, a

former employee of the Academy, at Warren, Arizona, near

the city of Bisbee.

Triarius suturalis Martin n. sp.

Elongate oval, 5-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide. Head fulvous,

impunctate, shining; vertex in some specimens variously marked with

brownish black; front with a strong transverse impression between

the eyes. Antennae black, the basal three joints fulvous. Thorax

fulvous, shining, minutely punctate, four-fifths as long as wide;

widest in front and gradually rounding behind, very slightly obtusely

angled opposite humeri at base. Elytra yellowish testaceous, shining,

with a well marked black border along the suture extending from the

base to within one-fifth the length of the apex, where it terminates;

this black border suddenly narrowed at base near scutellum, which

is also black; surface obscurely rugosely punctate. Dorsal scutes of

the abdomen, which show between the elytra, brown with pale tes-

taceous intervals. Pygidium brown with cinereous pubescence.

Meso- and metasternum black, shining and rather closely clothed

with long cinereous hairs. Abdomen fulvous bordered with brown at

the sides, varying in the specimens to a fully brown abdomen in the

single male. Legs fulvous with a tendency to darken at the extrem-

ities in some specimens; the femora with a few long hairs. The male

last ventral abdominal segment is similar to that of T. lividus Lee.,

as redescribed by Horn, and only a comparison with the type could

determine if there were a difference.

Holotype, female. No. 2574, and allotype, male. No. 2575,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. John Carlson May 20,

1915, at Warren, Arizona.

This species is close to Triarius lividus Lee. except in the

sutural stripe and color of the abdomen as redescribed by Dr.

Horn and, owing to the incompleteness of that description, com-

parison with the type only can determine its specific or varietal

standing. In the fifteen specimens examined the sutural vittae

of the elytra are constant. Horn says that the metasternum in

lividus is black, while in the present species both the meso- and

metasternum are of that color.

JULY, 1928 ]

BL AISDELL M EL YRID^

STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^, No. 7

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL

San Francisco, California

The intensive study of the different species of Listrus shows

without doubt that, although a monotonous habitus prevails,

good characters can be recognized for their separation. It is

true that their small size render the characters relatively

obscure and demand patient examination for their elucidation.

Such characters as the modification of the fifth ventral abdom-

inal segment at apex in certain males, and the difference or

similarity of body form, or of the antennae, in the two sexes,

readily present taxonomic possibilities. Besides, in the males

of several species the femora are more or less swollen or inflated

and the degree of arcuation of the metafemora, are striking

characters under the binocular microscope or a strong hand

lens.

The many new species coming to hand necessitate a some-

what detailed description of each, so that the differences and

resemblances can be visualized, otherwise the student would be

confused for want of explicit differential characters. It is not

the fault of the systematist that there is a poverty of aids to

identification of the species. Most departments of Science are

notoriously poorly endowed, otherwise illustrations would not

be turned down when their presence is a real necessity. There

is yet a large area of territory to be collected over west of the

Rocky Mountains, where Listrus and Trichochrous are the

predominating melyrids.

The following new species have been at hand for several

years and repeated studies have served only to emphasize their

specific validity :

Listrus longicornis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, parallel, small in size and quite similar in the

sexes, scarcely three times as long as wide. Color black; legs

pale rufous, second and usually the third joint of antennae of

similar color, other joints and mouth-parts more or less piceous.

Luster dull and feebly aeneous.

Pubescence moderately dense not entirely obscuring the surface,

rather coarse, paler hairs cinereous. Maculation not sharply defined

and formed by fuscous hairs, basal, post-basal and apical maculae

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

variable in size; a submedian and subapical fascia sometimes dis-

cernible, generally there is more or less diffusion of the fuscous

hairs. Lateral pronotal and elytral fimbriae light cinereous in color,

moderately short and subequal. Hairs of the ventral surface finer

and longer, cinerous, denser on the parapleurae; white and dense on

the scutellum.

Head about as long as wide, across the eyes much wider than the

pronotal apex; muzzle relatively small and short. Eyes strongly

convex and prominent; frons broadly and feebly impressed, densely

punctate, punctures not coarse. Antennae slender, long, attaining

the pronotal base at middle, very slightly and gradually incrassate,

joints 3 to 7 very feebly compressed; joint 2 oval and a little longer

than wide, 3 elongately subcylindrical, twice as long as wide,

slightly longer than 4, the latter feebly triangular, 5 longer than 3

and more triangular, wider than 4 or 6; joints 6, 7 and 8 subequal in

size, feebly triangular with angle obtusely rounded, 9 and 10 about

as long as wide, more evenly triangular, 11 elongate obovate, as long

as 6 and 7 taken together.

Pronotum as wide as the elytral base, about a third wider than

long, widest at basal third where the sides are strongly arcuate;

thence to the rounded apical angles straight and moderately con-

vergent as viewed from above, posteriorly broadly rounded into the

base, the latter broadly arcuate; lateral margin with small serrula-

tions; apex subtruncate in circular arc; disk rather evenly and

strongly convex, noticeably declivous and somewhat compressed

antero-laterally, densely indentato-punctate.

Elytra parallel in both sexes, sides straight to the posterior third,

thence arcuate to the subparabolically rounded apex; feebly convex

on the dorsum, more strongly at the sides; humeri obtusely rounded

not swollen; surface slightly undulate, punctures coarser than on the

pronotum and slightly impressed.

Abdomen feebly convex, finely punctate; fifth segment a half

longer than the fourth. Legs moderate in length and stoutness.

Metafemora not inflated nor arcuate, widest at middle.

Male: Fifth ventral segment subtruncate at apex; abdomen feebly

convex. Female: Fifth segment rounded at apex, but little longer

than that of the male. Abdomen more convex.

Length (types), 2-2.4 mm.; width .7-. 8 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2566, and allotype, female. No. 2567,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and two paratypes, collected by

Dr. A. Fenyes, at Pasadena, California. These are in the

Blaisdell collection at the California Academy of Sciences.

More recently specimens have been collected at Los Angeles

by Prof. W. S. Blatchley.

JULY, 1928]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^

Longicornis is related to famelicus Casey. It is distinct in

the parallel form of both sexes and feeble differential secondary

sexual characters. In coloration it resembles the aeneous indi-

viduals of extricatus Casey and variegafus Casey. In all of

those species the female is more or less obovate due to the

elytra being widest across the apical third. In the male of

longicornis the fifth ventral segment is unusually long for that

sex, as a result the segment is more briefly truncate at apex.

The pronotal disk is densely indentato-punctate in extricatus,

famelicus, halteellus and longicornis. In luteipes the central

area of the pronotal disk is sparsely punctate and the inter-

stitial surface is smooth and shining.

Listrus pictipes Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong-ovate to ovate, dissimilar in the sexes,

small in size, less than three times as long as wide, head and

prothorax relatively small. Color black; legs and joints 2 to 5

of antennae pale rufous; distal antennal joints and mouth-

parts more or less piceous. Luster more or less shining, with

a slight purpureo-aeneous tinge.

Pubescence not obscuring the general surface, somewhat coarse

and dull cinereous in color. Maculation quite distinct, with slender

brownish hairs; basal and post-basal maculae small and somewhat

confused, the parascutellar usually evident, the apical not distinct

or absent; median and subapical fasciae well marked. There may be

some diffusion of the brownish hairs along the suture between the

fasciae. Scutellum not albopubescent. Lateral pronotal fimbriae

short, those of the elytra slightly longer. Central area of the pro-

notum clothed with brownish hairs, intermixed with cinereous hairs

laterally; hairs of the ventral surface finer and longer.

Head as long as wide, muzzle small; eyes moderately large, quite

strongly convex and prominent. Frons flat, punctures small, well

defined and separated. Antennas similar in the sexes, not compressed,

rather stout, notably gradually incrassate and extending to a point

on a line with the pronotal base; joint 2 subglobular, 3 slender and

cylindrical, about as long as 4, the latter feebly triangular, 5 trian-

gular and scarcely more prominent anteriorly than 6 and 7 which are

subglobular, 8 and 9 stouter moniliform, as long as wide, 10 similar

and feebly transverse, 11 obovate, less than twice as long as wide.

Pronotum about a fourth wider than long, widest at basal third,

where the sides are moderately arcuate, thence moderately conver-

gent to the rounded apical angles; posteriorly rounding into the

broadly arcuate base, angles absent; lateral margins finely serrulate;

apex subtruncate in circular arc; disk quite strongly convex, declivous

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

antero-laterally, appearing slightly compressed; punctures of the

central area well defined and separated by a distance equal to one or

two times their diameter; interstitial surface glabrous, laterally

densely indentato-punctate.

Elytra at base distinctly wider than the pronotum, humeri evenly

rounded, scarcely tumid; sides feebly arcuate and divergent to about

apical third, thence arcuate with the parabolically rounded apex;

disk moderately convex to slightly flattened on the dorsum, more

rapidly convex and declivous laterally behind the humeri, punctures

rather coarse and the surface somewhat undulato-rugulose, less so

apically.

Abdomen finely punctate, very moderately convex. Legs moderate;

metafemora similar in the sexes, not arcuate nor inflated.

Male: Oblong-ovate, sides feebly arcuate. Fifth ventral abdominal

segment broadly truncate at apex and noticeably impressed at middle

apically, otherwise unmodified. Female: Ovate, elytra slightly

inflated, sides more arcuate. Fifth ventral rounded at apex.

Length (types) 2.0-2.4 mm.; width .8-.9 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2568, and allotype, female. No. 2569,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., in the Blaisdell collection, taken by

Henry Dietrich, May 23, 1920, at Northfork, Tulare County,

California. Paratypes in the collection of Mr. Dietrich, at

Appleton, N. Y.

Pictipes belongs to the annulatus group. It may best be

differentiated by a synoptical statement :

Elytra with three well formed dark fasciae 1

Elytra with two dark fasciae, basally the macules irregularly

formed; antennae comparatively robust; legs pale rufous.

Fifth ventral of the male noticeably impressed at middle

apically pictipes n. sp.

1. Legs pale rufous 2

Legs piceous or blackish; form stouter and oblong (male), or

oblong-ovate (female) annulatus Casey

2. Dark fasciae of elytra tending to diffuse along the suture, the

median widest; pronotum less narrowed anteriorly, marginal

serrules sharp and well formed, more widely spaced; fourth

and fifth antennal joints sharply triangular, angles prominent

anteriorly; fifth ventral more densely pubescent apically. Colo-

rado Desert and Utah martini Blais.

Dark fasciae not diffusing along the suture; form a little less

robust, oblong-oval; marginal serrules small, obtuse and less

widely spaced; fourth and fifth antennal joints distinctly trian-

gular; sides of pronotum more broadly arcuate and less rapidly

convergent anteriorly. Colorado ruhripes Casey

JULY, 1928]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^

Listrus falli Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong-oval, rather robust, quite similar in the sexes,

about three times longer than wide. Color black; distal half of

tibiae and tarsi rufous ; antennae with joints 2-4 rufo-piceous ;

tips of labial palpi and apex of labrum slightly pale. Luster

faintly purpureo-aeneous, somewhat shining.

Pubescence not obscuring the general surface, not coarse, moderate

in length and dull cinereous in color. Maculation quite faintly defined,

the hairs piceous. Maculae discrete, moderate in size, the humeral and

post-basal at middle of each elytron discernible; submedian and

subapical fasciae while sometimes entire are usually dissolved into

two macules on each side of suture, the apical not noticeable.

Maculae of the pronotum more or less obscure, discernible as faint

clouds, the central one sometimes more or less oblong, lateral vittae

divided into small spots. Lateral pronotal and elytral fimbriae

cinereous, moderate in length. Hairs of the ventral surface abundant,

slender, moderately long and dull cinereous.

Head about as long as wide, one-third of the eye on each side

wider than the pronotal apex. Eyes large, moderately strongly con-

vex and prominent. Frons plane to feebly convex, coarsely and

densely punctate. Antennae moderately long, extending a little

beyond the pronotal base at middle, moderate in thickness, noticeably

incrassate distally, feebly compressed and similar in the sexes; joint

2 oval; 3, 4 and 5 subequal in length, feebly elongate; 2 somewhat

obconical, 4 and 5 triangular, the latter more strongly so, apices

almost transverse; 5 a little more prominent anteriorly; 6, 7 and 8

as long as wide, triangular; 9 and 10 similar in form, feebly trans-

verse and a little more robust; 11 obovate, about a half longer than

wide, slightly stouter.

Pronotum a little narrower than the elytral base, a third wider

than long, widest a little behind the middle; apex subtruncate in

circular arc; sides broadly and quite evenly arcuate, noticeably con-

vergent anteriorly, apical angles moderately broadly rounded, pos-

teriorly rounding into the broadly and evenly arcuate base; lateral

margin obsoletely serrulate, 4 or 5 serrules present posteriorly; disk

quite evenly convex, central area with sharply defined punctures, that

are separated by a distance equal to one or two times their diameter,

interstitial surface smooth and shining, more or less indentate,

laterally very densely indentato-punctate.

Elytra oblong, sides subparallel, feebly arcuate, very little wider

posteriorly, arcuately rounding into the parabolically rounded apex;

humeri slightly tumid, limited within by a noticeable intra-humeral

impression; disk almost evenly convex, rather abruptly declivous

laterally behind the humeri; punctures slightly larger than on the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

pronotum, separated by a distance equal to one or two times their

diameter, finer toward apex; parascutellar area slightly tumid.

Abdomen finely punctate. Legs relatively small; meta-femora

straight, not noticeably arcuate, attaining the middle of the third

segment.

Male: Slightly more parallel than the female; fifth ventral abdom-

inal segment broadly sinuato-truncate at apex. Female: Slightly

broader posteriorly; fifth ventral broadly rounded at apex.

Length (types) 3. 0-3. 3 mm.; width 1.2-1. 3 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2570, and allotype, female. No. 2571,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., and two female paratypes, collected by

Dr. A. Fenyes, at Bishop, Inyo County, California, in the

Blaisdell collection.

Fain belongs to the difficilis group, although the glabrous,

shining surface of the central pronotal disk is more or less

feebly, but distinctly indentated, it must be placed according to

the author’s synopsis ^ with vestitus Blais, and incertus Casey,

where the interstitial surface of the pronotum shows the same

type of sculpturing; the tibiae and tarsi are similarly colored.

In both of these species the maculation and the pronotal serru-

lation are distinct. In all three species the antennae are quite

similar. The type region for vestitus is Bear Lake, San Ber-

nardino County, California. Incertus is a smaller species that

occurs most abundantly on the blossoms of the Ceanothus in

the San Francisco Bay region.

Listrus lanei Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate oblong, parallel, feebly narrowed anteriorly,

about three times as long as wide. Color black; tarsi piceous,

second antennal joint piceo-testaceous, fourth and fifth more

or less so.

Pubescence moderately long, dense and albo-cinereous in color.

Maculation sharply defined, hairs nigro-piceous in the intensely black

maculae, which are rounded and tend to vary in size, sometimes a

submedian and a subapical fascia are more or less evident; humeral

maculae narrow and elongate, the parascutellar a little posterior and

lateral to the scutellum, the post-basal at middle of elytra, the apical

small to almost obsolete, none observed to attain margin or suture.

Pronotal central figure dissolved into four, lateral vittae broken into

two each, rarely the figures are intact. Pronotal lateral fimbriae

1 Stanford Univ. Publ., n. s., Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 177, June,

1921.

JULY, 1928]

BLAISDELL MELYRID^

moderately short, the elytral a little longer. Hairs more abundant,

longer and finer on ventral surface.

Head as long as wide, about one-third of each eye wider than the

pronotal apex, muzzle relatively small, eyes moderately large and

convex. Frons plane to feebly and broadly impressed, densely and

rather coarsely punctate. Antennae moderately long, extending a

little beyond the pronotal base at middle, moderately and gradually

incrassate; joints 4 to 7 noticeably compressed; 2 oval, a fourth

longer than wide; 3, 4 and 5 elongate, 3 and 4 subequal, 5 slightly

longer, scarcely wider than 4 or 6, 3 cylindrical, 4 obconico-triangular,

5 triangular, 6 about as wide and triangular, 7, 8 and 9 a little longer

than wide, less triangular and more rounded, 9 and 10 subequal in

length, 10 a little thicker and more rounded, 11 short obovate and

about a half longer than wide.

Pronotum about a third wider than long, greatest width equal to

that of the elytral base; apex subtruncate in circular arc; widest at

basal third, where the sides are moderately arcuate, thence to apex

nearly straight, angle rounded; posteriorly more or less briefly

sinuate before the more or less broadly dentiform angles; marginal

serrules small and acute; base broadly arcuate; disk evenly convex,

more or less densely indentato-punctate in the central area, inter-

stices smooth and shining.

Elytra oblong, about twice as long as wide, sides parallel; humeri

moderately broadly rounded, not tumid; disc less than moderately

convex on dorsum, arcuately declivous laterally beyond the humeri,

very gradually declivous apically; apex rather gradually formed and

more narrowly rounded; punctures moderately coarse, separated by

a distance equal to one or two times their diameter, surface feebly

undulate, sculpturing finer apically.

Abdomen finely punctate. Legs of moderate length, femora some-

what thickened, not noticeably inflated, the metafemora moderately

arcuate.

Male: Parallel, antennae as described above; fifth ventral abdom-

inal segment truncate at apex where the pubescence is longer and

quite abundant. Female: Sides of body noticeably arcuate, antennae

a little more slender, otherwise similar; sides of pronotum a little

more arcuate anteriorly, elytra a little more convex on dorsum.

Fifth ventral broadly rounded at apex.

Length (types) 3. 2-3. 6 mm.; width 1.2-1. 4 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2572, and allotype, female. No. 2573,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., in the author’s collection. Paratypes in

the collection of Merton C. Lane, Toppinish, Washington, and

that of the author.

Type locality. Lind, Washington. Collected May 15, 1922,

by Mr. Lane, after whom the species is named. Paratypes have

been taken at Kamela, Oregon.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 1

Lanei is a very pretty species and belongs to the interruptus

group. The fifth ventral abdominal segment is less strongly

modified than in other species of the section. The pronotal

sculpturing is subject to some variation, being in part very

glabrous and in part indented. The maculation is strong,

macules intensely black and more or less rounded, rarely

coalescing to form two fasciae as mentioned above. In solids

Blais, the macules tend to atrophy. In foxi Blais, the modifica-

tion of the fifth ventral is much stronger, the femora are

remarkably swollen and the meta femora markedly arcuate. In

the author’s synopsis ^ lanei takes its place with fulvipilosus

Blais, and cervicalis Blais. In fulvipilosus the antennae and

tarsi are testaceous, and the maculation less strong. Cervicalis

is more robust and the maculae tend to unite to form from three

to five fasciae. In lanei the elytral apex is more gradually

formed and therefore longer and less broadly rounded.

NOTE ON THE HABITS OF LIXUS BEAKED CHTTN.

BY DORIS H. BLAKE

Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

Lagunita, a small lake on the campus of Stanford University,

California, is drained during the summer, leaving the lake bed

entirely dry. By the 21st of June, 1927, the place, with the

exception of a few pools still standing in the deepest portions,

had become dry enough to walk about on. At that time a marsh

smartweed {Polygonum muhlenbergii (Meisn.) S. Wats.) was

springing up in numerous patches over the lake bed and

beginning to send long vigorous runners over the ground.

On a patch of this, uncovered earliest by the water, I found a

colony of Lixus mucidus Lee. and with it a smaller and more

slender species which has been described by Dr. F. H. Chitten-

den ^ as Lixus blakecE. Both species were observed ovipositing

on the Polygonum. Although I did not pay particular attention

to the place of oviposition of the two species, I did observe in

several instances that females of Lixus mucidus oviposited at

the base of the long running stems. Later, owing to the extreme

hardness of the ground when the earth had become sun-baked,

2 Stanford Univ. Publ., n. s., Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 180, June,

1921.

1 Chittenden, P. H., Proc. Ent. Soc., "Wiash., Vol. 30, No. 5, May, 1928,

p. 90.

JULY, 1928]

BLAKE LIXUS BLAKE^

no attempt was made to dig up the rootstocks. It may be that

mucidus breeds in the rootstock. At any rate, out of over 200

larvae, in no case were adult beetles of that species reared from

any part of the plant above ground, although I collected three-

quarters of the entire patch of Polygonum on which mucidus

was observed to be most abundant, and reared the larvae in these

stems in a breeding cage separate from the other stems con-

taining larvae.

The smaller, more slender, species of Lixus, which later was

reared in great numbers from the stems of the Polygonum,

laid its eggs inside the stem, the female puncturing it and

depositing inside one elongate-oval white egg, approximately

2 mm. long. When a stalk of Polygonum was split, these little

white eggs could be seen stuck at intervals along the inside of

the hollow stem. The larvae showed a rather unusual method

of progression, which I first noticed when I took them out of

the stem ; that is, they hitched along on their backs in a fashion

similar to that of Cotinis larvae. They were also observed to

progress in the same manner in split stems of Polygonum in

the laboratory. Each stem, often 10 or 12 feet long, contained

from one to four adult beetles. Frequently larvae were found

in the short lateral shoots also. By the middle of July the sun-

baked bed of Lagunita contained many good-sized patches of

Polygonum muhlenbergii, the Lixus larvae were rapidly

approaching pupation, and the prospects of a large adult crop

were excellent. Adult beetles began emerging July 20. Unfor-

tunately, at this critical moment, a flock of 250 sheep was

turned into the place to “clean it up.” I worked hard culling

portions of stem containing the nearly mature larvae or pupae

to secure an adequate collection of the adult beetles. In all,

over 200 adults of the new species of Lixus emerged in cages

from Polygonum stems. Not a single specimen of Lixus

mucidus was among them. This leads me to the belief that

mucidus has entirely different habits, and possibly breeds in

the rootstock. After the pasturage of the sheep, wherever there

remained a few Polygonum leaves in the lake bed a few adult

beetles of the newly emerged generation were to be found feed-

ing on the leaves until August 4. No specimens of newly

emerged miccidus, however, were found, although a few old

rubbed individuals of the early season were collected occa-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

sionally until about the first week in August. The old beetles

of mucidus kept in cages began dying at that time. In captivity

the new generation of the smaller species of Lixus deposited a

few eggs, but this ovipositing ceased by the end of the first

week in August. After that date diligent search did not reveal

any beetles of either species in the field. The hard earth was

full of sun-baked cracks, and the beetles may have gone into

hiding there, although none were found. They are strong and

ready flyers when thrown into the air.

In the course of the collection of the larvae and pupae,

numerous nearly mature larvae were found attacked by small

white maggots. The first adult flies from these emerged

August 3, and in all over thirty-five specimens, identified by

Dr. J. M. Aldrich as Sarcophaga helicis Tns., were bred from

the larvae. Dr. Aldrich informs me that this maggot usually

feeds on dead insects, and that there are only a few authentic

records of its parasitism. From the fact that so many individ-

uals were bred out from material collected all over the lake bed,

I am inclined to believe that in this case the fly is truly para-

sitic. Three specimens of a hymenopterous parasite, determined

by Mr. R. A. Cushman as Epiurus pterophori (Ashm.), were

also reared from the nearly mature larvae.

THE NEARCTIC AND EUROPEAN SPECIES OF THE

SUBGENUS PH^DON (CHRYSOMELIN^)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH*

A\ Serial punctures of elytra fine, almost lost, hardly stronger than

the interstrial ones which are numerous and visible; Ore. to

Cal prasinella Lee.

A2. Striae more coarsely punctate, intervals more finely punctate.

B^. Intervals of elytra subrugulose; clypeal suture impressed at

sides, feeble at middle; color shining metallic.

C^. Humeral callus present.

D^. Head and pronotum not alutaceous, micropunctulate.

E^. Humeral callus prominent; elytral intervals micro-

punctulate; length 3.5 mm.; Cal. to Wash. - and

Alta o^viformis Lee.

E2 Humeral callus weak.

Fi. Elytral intervals coarsely punctate; length 3.4

mm.; Wash punctatus sp. nov.

* Contribution from the Zoological Laboraitory of the University of

Washington.

JULY, 1928] HATCH PHiEDON 45

F2. Elytral intervals micropunctulate; length 3.5-4

mm.; Europe cochlearice F.

D2. Head and pronotum alutaceous; humeral callus weak;

elytral intervals micropunctulate.

E^. Elytra not alutaceous; pronotum and head sub-

equally punctate; length 3.8 mm.; N. Y

dietrichi sp. nov.

E^. Elytra alutaceous; punctures of pronotum smaller

than those of head; length 3.2 mm.; N. Y

microreticulatus sp. nov.

C^. Humeral callus absent.

D^. Europe; dorsum not alutaceous, micropunctulate;

length 2.5-3 mm Icemgatus Dft.

D2. Mex., Fla., Pa.: viridis Melsh. and, with pronotum more

finely punctate var. aruginosus Suffr.

B2. Intervals not subrugulose; humeral callus present.

C^. Clypeal suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle.

D^. Narrowly oval; humeral callus weak; metallic cupre-

ous; length 3.5 mm.; Alta, N. Y carri sp. nov.

D2. Broadly oval; length 3 mm.; Austria, Germany

grammicus Dft.

C^. Clypeal suture not impressed at ends, equal throughout.

D^. Intervals flat; color metallic.

E^. Intervals not alutaceous; humeral callus prominent;

metallic blue, rarely green; length 3-4 mm.; Europe,

Labrador (Sherman), N. Y., Wash armoracice L.

E^. Intervals alutaceous; length 4.8 mm.; Utah

purpurea Linell.

D2. Intervals convex; color shining black, not metallic;

humeral callus prominent; length 3.9 mm.; Wash

niger sp. nov.

The descriptions of prasinella, viridis, and ceruginosus are

taken from Crotch, purpurea from the original description, and

grammicus from Kuhnt, (111. Best.-Tab. Kaf. Deutschl. 1913.)

Kuhnt mentions feebly defined aberrations of armoracice,

Icevigatus, and cochlearice. None of the New York specimens

I have seen are viridis, at least as defined by Crotch, so this

species must be eliminated from the list of the species of that

state. The types of the new species are in the collection of the

author. I am indebted to Mr. F. S. Carr and Mr. Henry

Dietrich, who have aided in my study with material from their

collections, and I take pleasure in naming species in their honor.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 1

Phaedon (s. str.) punctatus Hatch, sp. nov.

Above shining greenish metallic, beneath black, feebly bronzed.

Head and pronotum coarsely punctate, micropunctulate. Clypeal

suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle. Elytra octo-punctato-

striate plus a scutellar stria, striae not impressed; intervals flat, trans-

versely rugose, coarsely punctate, the punctures finer than the strial

punctures; marginal interval with a striaform series of punctures

which are more approximate and feebly larger cephalad, more distant

and feebly smaller caudad; humeral callus weak. Venter punctate,

alutaceous. Length 3.4 mm., width 2.3 mm.

Type and paratype : Washington.

Phaedon (s. str.) dietrichi Hatch, sp. nov.

Shining metallic bronze. Head and pronotum coarsely punctate,

alutaceous. Clypeal suture impressed at sides. Elytra octo-punctato-

striate plus a scutellar stria, striae not or scarcely impressed; inter-

vals flat, transversely rugose, sparsely micropunctulate; marginal

interval with a striaform series of punctures which are more approx-

imate and feebly larger cephalad, more distant and feebly smaller

caudad; humeral callus weak. Venter punctate, alutaceous. Length

3.8 mm., width 2.8 mm.

Type : Ringwood, Ithaca, N. Y., May 20, 1919. H. Dietrich.

Phaedon (s. str.) microreticulatus. Hatch, sp. nov.

Above shining greenish cupreous metallic (type) or cupreous;

beneath black, feebly cupreous; throughout alutaceous. Head

coarsely punctate, pronotum more finely so. Clypeal suture impressed

at sides. Elytra octo-punctato-striate plus a scutellar stria, striae not

or feebly impressed; intervals flat, transversely rugose, sparsely

micropunctulate; marginal interval with a striaform series of equal

punctures more approximate cephalad; humeral callus weak. Venter

punctate, alutaceous. Length 3.2 mm., width 2.6 mm.

Type: Olcott, N. Y., April 15, 1923. H. Dietrich. Two para-

types: Olcott, N. Y., February 11, 1925. H. Dietrich, and

E. Aurora, N. Y., October 4, 1925. H. Dietrich, in collection

of Henry Dietrich.

Phaedon (s. str.) carri Hatch, sp. nov.

Above shining metallic cupreous (type), rarely greenish; beneath

shining black; tibiae and tarsi feebly paler. Head and pronotum

coarsely punctate, micropunctulate. Clypeal suture impressed at

sides, feeble at middle. Elytra octo-punctato-striate plus a scutellar

stria, striae not impressed except for apical half of sutural stria;

intervals flat, not appreciably rugose, equally micropunctate; the

marginal interval with a striaform series of punctures which are

JULY, 1928]

HATCH PH^DON

larger and more distant medially; humeral callus weak. Venter

coarsely punctate, very feebly alutaceous. Length 3.5 mm., width

2.2 mm.

Type and four paratypes: Edmonton, Alta., June 11, 1918,

F. S. Carr. Five paratypes : Edmonton, Alta., June 12, 1918.

F. S. Carr, in collection of F. S. Carr. Five paratypes : McLean

Bog, Cortland Co., N. Y., August 8, 1917. H. Dietrich; Olcott,

N. Y., March 26, 1921; December 9, 1923; May 2, 1926.

H. Dietrich; Ringwood, Ithaca, N. Y., May 20, 1919. H.

Dietrich, in collection of Henry Dietrich.

Phaedon (s. str.) niger Hatch, n. sp.

Shining black, not metallic. Head and pronotum coarsely punctate,

micropunctulate, feebly alutaceous. Clypeal suture not impressed at

sides, equal throughout. Elytra octo-impresso-punctato-striate plus

an unimpressed scutellar stria, the sutural stria unimpressed at basal

half; the intervals convex, micropunctate, the punctures of variable

size; the first interval with a short series of larger punctures; the

marginal interval with a longer striaform series of larger punctures,

approximate and smaller towards its extremities, larger more distant

and cuspiform at middle; humeral callus prominent. Venter punctate,

alutaceous. Length 3.9 mm., width 2.6 mm.

Type; Snohomish Co., Wash. Stickney Lake, July 26,

1927, Trevor Kincaid.

OUR FIRST RHYPAROCHROMUS (hEMIP. LYGJIID^)

Our collectors in Central California have recently been taking

a species of Rhyparochromus that agrees with sabulicola

Thoms, in its color markings, and size, and with chiragra Fabr.

in its long scutellum. This combination is not recorded for any of

the European varieties of this variable species so I would sug-

gest that this be called R. chiragra californicus n. var. It was

first taken by Mr. C. T. Dodds at Albany, Contra Costa County,

California, February 26, 1921 (type). Mr. L. S. Slevin has

taken numbers at Carmel, California, in April and October ;

and Santa Cruz, Calif., Febr. 27, 1925 (allotype) ; Mr. Robert

Usinger has a series taken at Oakland, Walnut Creek and Stan-

ford University, California, from April to July. Other speci-

mens are: Stockton, California (F. E. Blaisdell), and Berkeley,

California (A. C. Davis). Holotype, No. 2579, and allotype.

No. 2580, in Museum of the California Academy of Sciences. —

E. R Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph. D., Treasurer

A number of our western entomologists are going east to

the meetings of the International Entomological Congress at

Ithaca. Among these are Prof. W. B. Herms, Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee. Dr.

Blaisdell and your editor will remain for a time after the

meetings have closed to visit certain of the entomological

collections of the east.

Visiting entomologists recently at the Academy of Sciences

include Dr. W. M. Wheeler, Mr. Clarence O. Bare, Prof. James

G. Needham and Dr. Z. P. Metcalfe.

Several of our local entomologists have been, or now are,

in the field collecting insects for the California Academy of

Sciences. Mr. J. O. Martin and Mr. Gorton Linsley spent a

week or so in May working in the vicinity of old Fort Tejon

in Kern County, California. Mr. H. H. Keifer has returned from

two months’ work about Oroville, California. Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke spent about a month collecting about Coachella Valley

and the San Jacinto Mountains and is now working northward

along the coast ranges, and Dr. E. H. Nast is now on a collect-

ing trip that will include a portion of Oregon, Idaho and

Montana.

The death of Mr. Oliver Nason Sanford on March 28, 1928,

removed one of our earlier west coast collectors of insects.

Mr. Sanford was born in Boston, Massachusetts, September

21, 1847. A civil engineer by profession he came west in 1872,

making San Diego and vicinity his home, removing to San

Francisco in 1900. While practicing his profession at San Diego

he spent his spare time in the collection of insects, amassing a

considerable collection. Much of this material he sold to eastern

collectors, but the bulk was purchased by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell

in 1891. Later he became interested in conchology and gath-

ered a considerable collection of west coast shells which has

now been presented to the California Academy of Sciences.

He had a large correspondence with entomologists all over the

country and in this way became widely known as a collector

of California insects.

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VoL V

October, 1928

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

GUNDER, NEW EUPHYDRYAS 49

HICKS, NOTES ON ANTHIDIUM PALLIVENTRE 51

VAN DYKE, GENUS LEPYRUS IN NORTH AMERICA 53

HATCH, FURTHER STUDIES ON PH^DON 59

GELLERMANN, A NEW SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS . 63

DAVIS, A NEW CICINDELA 65

FERRIS, WAX-SECRETING ORGANS OF THE COCCID^ 67

MURDOCK, WAX-SECRETING MECHANISM IN ICERYA PURCHASI .... 71

ESSIG, SOME INSECTS OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK 76

KNOWLTON, NOTES ON A FEW SPECIES OF MACROSIPHINI FROM UTAH, WITH

DESCRIPTIONS *0F TWO NEW SPECIES 79

CHAMBERLIN, R. V., THREE NEW LITHOBIOMORPHOUS CHILOPODS FROM

WASHINGTON AND OREGON 85

DYAR, A NEW TROPICAL AMERICAN LASIOCAMPID 86

VAN DUZEE, M. C., NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DOLICHOPODID^ . 87

DUNCAN, PLANT HAIRS AS BUILDING MATERIAL FOR POLISTES 90

MOULTON, A NEW ANKOTHRIPS FROM COLORADO 91

CHAMBERLIN, W. J., REMARKS ON THE BUPRESTID^ OF THE NORTH PACIFIC

COAST REGION 93

EDITORIAL 96

San Francisco, California

1928

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. V, No. 2 October, 1928

NEW EUPHYDRYAS (LEPID., RHOPALOCERA)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

Euphydryas monoensis Gunder, sp. nov. Fig. A

Allied to the baroni (Edw.) and editha (Bdv.) group in arrange-

ment of maculation and wing shape, however they are much nearer

to editha. Generally smaller and of a more faded orange-red color

instead of a brick red. Very constant as to distribution of red pat-

tern, and cream spots always a cream color, never shading to white

as does editha. All interior cream spots and lunate marginal cream

spots fuller or broadened. First submarginal row of cream spots on

upper side primaries always complete clear up to costal margin; this

is not always the case with editha. Under sides more delicate and

less heavily patterned than in editha. Genitalia: upper or dorsal hook

of uncus smaller and more widespread from opposite projection than

in editha. Shape of harpe similar, but constantly broader.

Classification: Superficially similar to editha, but equivalent

to a separate species, being far away from similar species on the

desert side of the Sierras.

Data: (Halftone figures enlarged). Holotype S , expanse 35

mm. (average 33 to 38 mm.); allotype $, expanse 38 mm.

(average 37 to 42 mm.), June 14, 1926, Rush Creek (below

Farmington’s ranch), near Mono Lake, Mono County, Cali-

fornia. Types in author’s collection. Ten pairs of paratypes.

One pair deposited in Can. Nat. Collection, Ottawa, Canada.

One pair deposited in Barnes’ collection, Decatur, Illinois. One

pair made from a series in the George Malcolm collection, Los

Angeles, from typical examples taken on Levining Creek, near

type habitat and dated July 13, 1927.

Euphydryas aurilacus Gunder, race nov. Fig. B

Differs from nubigena (Behr) Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite,

specimens, of which it is a race, in being much larger and having

outer half of upper side secondaries always a dark red, uncut by any

submarginal row of white spots and only showing black line macula-

tion. The upper side of primaries also lack first submarginal row of

lunate whitish spots. The wing shapes are not those of rubicunda

(Hy. Edw.), as rubicunda is closer to the baroni (Edw.) group.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Regarding genitalia thig new race differs from nubigena in having a

larger, yet more slender left projection on the uncus which is less

barbed at its termination. A male example (half fig.) of this race is

illustrated in color as fig. dd on pi. 2 in May, 1924, Entomological

New.

Classification: a race of nubigena (Behr).

Data: (Halftone figures enlarged). Holotype $ , expanse 37

mm. (average 34 to 38 mm.); allotype 9, expanse 45 mm.

(average 42 to 46 mm.), July 15, 1925, near Gold Lake Camp,

Gold Lake, Sierra County, California. Types in author’s

collection. Six pairs of paratypes. One pair deposited in Can.

Nat. Collection, Ottawa, Canada. One pair deposited in Barnes’

collection, Decatur, Illinois.

Note: Comstock in “Butterflies of California” illustrates in

color a S and 9 from this same lot. PI. 34, figs. 11 and 12

only. I designate these as paratypes also.

Euphydryas wallacensis Gunder, race nov. Fig. C

These specimens deserve a racial name equivalent to race colon

(Edw.) or race perdiccas (Edw.). They approach colon much more

in appearance, however, but are smaller in size and have the mar-

ginal rows of red spots generally complete in both sexes. Differs

from perdiccas (western Washington and B. C. examples) in always

having a clear black stripe, clear of red spots or semblance of lighter

spotting, external to the discal area larger white spots. Also they

are of a darker velvety-black shade than perdiccas specimens. Local

form paradoxa McD. of perdiccas, I understand always has a sub-

marginal row of red spots running through this black stripe as men-

tioned above. The genitalia of this race (the projections of the

uncus) approach the anicia beani group, but of course the specimens

themselves look like smaller colon. The genitalia of colon looks con-

siderably different. This race probably represents a connecting link

as Dr. McDunnough has suggested.

Classification: a race of chalcedona probably evolved from the

colon stem.

Data: (Halftone figures enlarged). Holotype expanse

40 mm. (average 38 to 42 mm.) ; allotype 9 , expanse 45 mm.

(average 43 to 45 mm.), May 29, 1921, Wallace, Idaho.

Types in author’s collection. Twenty pairs of paratypes. One

pair deposited in the Can. Nat. Collection, Ottawa, Canada.

One pair deposited in the Barnes collection, Decatur, Illinois.

Note: Comstock described tr. f. huellemanni as a Euphydryas

colon (Edw.) transition form. These specimens can now be

listed under this new name, as they are from this type locality.

October, 1928] hicks — notes on anthidium

NOTES ON ANTHIDIUM PALLIVENTRE

CRESSON

BY CHARLES H. HICKS

University of California, Los Angeles, California

Much time has been spent, both in Colorado and California,

in field observations on bees of the genus Anthidium, in an

attempt to learn if they ever dig their own tunnels and nest

cavities. Observation and much evidence has been to the con-

trary for the species observed, thus agreeing with the reports

of Fabre and other writers that these bees commonly use

deserted tunnels of the other insects, appropriate natural cavities

or otherwise secure suitable nesting places. It was, therefore,

with considerable interest that I found Anthidium palliventre

Cress.^ digging her own nest in the sand.

On July 8, 1928, at Newport Beach, California, a bee of this

species was seen to fly to the side of a small sand hill and begin

to dig at the edge of a slight depression. The area in which

she chose to work was inhabited by several large wasps of the

genus Bemhex. These wasps flew back and forth over the sand,

followed One another and on two occasions, when A. palliventre

Cress, had strayed from her nest, gave chase. They troubled

her some but did not deter her from her activities. The time

being past noon with a clear sky and warm sun, conditions were

excellent for a study of bees and wasps. The bee, after loosen-

ing the sand with her mandibles, moved back, kicking the sand

forcibly and rapidly with her fore feet. Her mid and hind feet

were spread apart, her abdomen elevated while the tarsi of her

fore feet were bowed, thus allowing her to work somewhat after

the fashion of Bembex.

By one o’clock she was working steadily at the nest. She

kicked out or removed twenty-one loads of sand during the

period between 1 :10 and 1 :18, an average of a little more than

2.6 loads a minute. In removing this sand she used her fore

legs entirely, progressing backward by a series of kicks, inter-

valed by short stops, after she had come into view from the

tunnel. She kicks the sand back from a given place by a series

of rapid movements of her fore legs, stops for a' second, walks

backward a few millimeters and kicks the sand again. This is

1 Kindly determined by Professor P. H. Timberlake.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

repeated as many as twelve times, as she moves from first view

to a distance of from 2 to 5 inches beyond the opening. The

numbers from seven consecutive counts gave from 3 to 12, with

an average of 7.7.

It was noticed that after 1 :18 she remained within for a

much longer period than usual and it seemed probable that

she had begun the enlargement of a cavity for the cell. She

soon after left this nest and flew about as though searching for

another place to dig. She entered one other hole but soon came

out hastily, head first. A Bembex flew after her and she

returned to her nest. After she had excavated again for a while

she was caught for identification.

The nest went into the sand at a slight angle to a distance of

4 inches. The material was loose and the exact measurement

of the width of the tunnel could not be taken. There were many

broken pieces of sea shells in the sand, one of which the bee had

come to at the end of the tunnel and which had caused her some

trouble.

Some other Anthidia were flying about on the same day,

but the only individuals observed belonged to the one species.

Another female was found to start a nest much as do many of

the digger wasps. She loosened the soil with her mandibles and

kicked it away with her fore feet. Her manner of digging

agreed with that of the first.

In these instances we find, apparently, a decided exception in

habit to that of many species of bees of this genus. The manner

of digging of A. palliventre Cress, showed a high degree of

efficiency as compared with that of habitual and skilled diggers

among bees and wasps. Whether she ever appropriates another

nest or cavity, as some species of the genus commonly do, must

be learned from further observation.

A Rare Pentatomid (Hemiptera)

While collecting in Coachella Valley near the Salton Sea last

summer Dr. E. C. Van Dyke took a specimen of Weda horvathi

Schouteden. So far as I can learn the only other known speci-

men is the type which probably is with Dr. Horvath in the

National Museum of Hungary. This species looks like a Podops

but may be distinguished by the carinate metasternum. — E. P.

Van Duzee.

October, 1928] van dyke — genus lepyrus

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPYRUS GERM.

(COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONID^) IN

NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C, VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

This holarctic genus is represented in the more northern

parts of North America by a number of well-marked species

as well as by several recognizable subspecies. Because of the

great variability of these as well as insufficient series in the

hands of previous workers, much confusion has arisen as

regards their status, to which I have also unfortunately con-

tributed.^ During recent years I have assembled a good series

of these which, with the aid of considerable loaned material

especially a series collected by Mr. Owen Bryant of Banff, in

various parts of Alberta, Canada, and another collected this

past summer by Mr. Ralph E. Barrett in the Yukon Territory

of Canada and Alaska, has enabled me to make a more accurate

survey. Interpreting these in the light of their physical charac-

ters as well as their geographical distribution and presumed

geological history, I find that they may be placed in three fairly

well-marked groups centering around palustris Scopoli, gemellus

Kirby and nordenskioldi Faust. Lepyrus capucinus Schall., I

do not believe is represented in North America. I have seen

nothing which at all agrees with the European specimens and

consider that Hamilton ^ and others were decidedly wrong in

their interpretations. As regards another European species,

Lepyrus palustris Scopoli, the case is different. Here I agree

with Hamilton, Leng and others and disagree with Casey. My

Wisconsin specimens of geminatus Say cannot be distinguished

from French specimens of palustris Scopoli, though certain

German specimens of the latter are slightly divergent. The

specimens of Lepyrus from Nome, Alaska, and the Seward

Peninsula generally, which I ^ formerly erroneously placed as

palustris Scopoli, I now consider to be mordenskioldi Faust.^

1 Coleoptera from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, by Edwin C. Van Dyke,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., vol. XI, No. 14 (November 2, 1921), p. 166.

2 Lepyrus, by John Hamilton, Can. Entom., Vol. XXVIII (1896), p. 125;

and Lepyrus alternans and capucinus, etc.. Can. Entom.,

Vol. XXVII (1896), pp. I84-I85.

3 Bidrag till Tschuktsch-halfons Insectfauna, Coleoptera och Hemip-

tera, insamlade under Vega-Expeditionen vid Halfbns Norra och bstra

Kust, 1878-1879, of John Sahlberg; Vega-Expeditions vortenskapliga iakt-

tagelser, Vol. IV (1887), pp. 1-42.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. V, NO. 2

This species was described by J. Faust from eight specimens

secured by the Nordenskiold Expedition from Pitlekaj, north-

east Siberia, but a short distance from Behring Strait. Our

specimens from the opposite side of the strait agree absolutely

with the description. This insect is also very closely related to

the forms described by Casey ^ as Lepyrus canadensis and

Lepyrus alternans, and to another undescribed form from far-

ther north in Alaska, all of which I consider as nothing more

than subspecies of that. The following table and notes will give

my ideas as to the standing of the various forms known from

North America.

Synoptic Table

1. Punctures of elytral striae prominent, irregular as to size, depth

and spacing; elytra rather distinctly compressed near apex

and apices somewhat produced 2

— . Punctures of elytral striae small or poorly defined, quite

regular and uniform as to size and depth; elytra evenly

rounded near apex, shallowly compressed if at all and apices

not noticeably produced 5

2. Odd elytral intervals not more noticeably elevated than even

intervals; general surface of elytra finely granular though

granules not conspicuous because of the scaly covering 3

— . Odd e;lytral intervals more noticeably elevated than even inter-

vals, especially posteriorly; general surface of elytra rather

coarsely granular, the granules quite evident and the strial

punctures very coarse and irregularly spaced 4

3. Base of elytra evidently less than twice as wide as base of

prothorax palustris ScopoH

— . Base of elytra almost twice as wide as base of prothorax

palustris subsp. pinguis Casey

4. Patches of white scales, except for the submedian and sub-

apical spots, not particularly evident oregonus Casey

— . Patches of white scales scattered here and there over the entire

surface of elytra oregonus subsp. tesselatus n. subsp.

5. Strial punctures of elytra always evident; odd intervals, but

little if at all more elevated than even intervals 6

— . Strial punctures of elytra almost obliterated; odd intervals

naked or almost so, and more prominently elevated than

even intervals 9

* Coleopterological Notices, VI, by Thomas L, Casey, Anns. N. T.

Acad. Sci., Vol. VIII (1895), pp. 435-838.

October, 1928] van dyke — genus lepyrus

6. Rather stocky; prothorax distinctly broader than long; elytra

at base about 1 mm. broader than prothorax, clothed with

brown, somewhat silky, hair-like scales, often with irregular

patches of white scales; the first and second funicular seg-

ments never twice as long as broad nordenskioldi Faust

— . More elongate; prothorax almost as long as broad; elytra at

base about 1.5 mm. broader than prothorax, clothed with

brown or gray scale-like hairs, the second funicular segment

about twice as long as broad., 7

7. Rather robust forms; elytra distinctly more than one-half as

broad as long, scales brown or grayish brown with median

and subapical patches of white scales generally quite con-

spicuous nordenskioldi subsp. canadensis Casey

— . More elongate forms; elytra barely more than one-half as

broad as long, vestiture less dense and gray, median and

subapical patches of scales not conspicuous 8

8. Smaller forms, less than 11 mm. from apex of prothorax to

apex of elytra; striae and strial punctures well defined;

elytral intervals of about equal width

nordenskioldi subsp. alternans Casey

— . Larger forms, generally over 11 mm. from apex of prothorax

to apex of elytra; strial punctures evident but not con-

spicuous; odd elytral intervals much narrower than even

and often slightly more elevated

....nordenskioldi subsp. cinereus n. subsp.

9. Larger and more elongate; even intervals of elytra naked at

middle but margined with white scales gemellus Kirby

— . Shorter and more generally robust; scales of even intervals

generally dispersed, overlapping on to odd intervals at sides,

and brown or gray in color gemellus subsp, errans Casey

Lepyrus palustris Scopoli. This species, of which colon L.

and geminatus Say are synonyms, ranges in North America

from Manitoba and Colorado to the Atlantic and south to

Louisiana though it is abundant only in the north.

Lepyrus palustris pinguis Casey. This form I have placed

here as a subspecies, though I consider it but a very weak one

and believe that with more material we may find that it is

not worthy of being given a distinct name. It is limited to

Colorado.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Lepyrus ore g onus Casey. This species is without doubt the

same as perforatus Casey and unfortunately has page prefer-

ence over that, which is better defined. It is of the same ances-

try as palustris, but is far larger and more coarsely sculptured.

It was isolated from the latter by the advance of the ice sheets

during the Pleistocene since which time it has diverged greatly.

It ranges along the Pacific Coast from northern Oregon to

Valdez, Alaska (R. E. Barrett), and eastward as far as

northern Idaho.

Lepyrus oregonus tesselatus Van Dyke, new subspecies

This subspecies is in general more robust than the preceding,

with the odd elytral intervals hardly more prominent posteriorly

than the even; elytra less compressed posteriorly and less pro-

longed apically; granules of the elytra very prominent, almost

as much so as are those of the pronotum ; pile gray, not ochra-

ceous and generally rather sparsely distributed, though numer-

ous patches of white scales are scattered here and there over

the surface, chiefly between the strial punctures, giving it a

spotted appearance.

Holotype (No. 2593, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and six para-

types collected by Mr. Owen Bryant at Banff, Alberta, the

holotype, July 13, 1928, the others. May 7 and 24 and June 13,

1928, the holotype and two paratypes in my collection, the others

in the collection of Mr. Bryant.

Lepyrus nordenskioldi Faust. I have four specimens from

Nome and Teller, Alaska, which agree perfectly with the

description of this species. Because of this and the fact that

the type locality of this is only a short distance to the east of

Alaska, I consider that they must be the same. Faust compares

it with nebulosus Mots, of which I have specimens from north

China. It is undoubtedly closely related to this and may prove

to be but an arctic derivative of the same. It belongs to a

complex with many forms in northeastern Asia and north-

western America. My specimens are rather short and robust

with the vestiture a light brown and quite dense, the oblique

white stripes of the prothorax and the median and postapical

October, 1928] van dyke — genus lepyrus

5;7

elytral spots quite conspicuous. There are also irregular white

markings at the sides and near the apex, well shown in two of

the specimens.

Lepyrus nordenskioldi canadensis Casey. Mr. Owen Bryant

has submitted to me a series of thirty-six specimens of what is

without doubt this subspecies. They are from Banff, Edmon-

ton, Calgary and other places in Alberta, Canada. Besides

these, I have a specimen of the same from Saskatchewan. One

of the Pribilof Island specimens also resembles these as well as

the remains of a specimen which I found on Unalaska, one of

the Aleutian Islands. As designated in the description, this

subspecies is rather robust, with a cordate elytra, and has the

pubescence of a brown color. As compared with the preceding

it is larger, with the elytra proportionally broader, the vestiture

less dense and with a tendency to be vittate as a result of the

scales of the intervals being alternately of a different shade of

color. The series of specimens shows quite a good deal of varia-

tion as to size, outline, markings, and color of pile. In most the

four white elytral spots are small yet conspicuous, but in others

they are illy defined or lacking and in some the vestiture is gray,

showing a gradation into the subspecies cinereus.

Lepyrus nordenskioldi alternans Casey. This subspecies is

close to the following as regards shape and vestiture but is

smaller, has the elytral striae and punctures well impressed and

the intervals all flat and of about equal width. In perfect speci-

mens the pile is quite gray though rather sparse. It is recorded

from Labrador and exists as a relict on the White Mountains

of New Hampshire and probably also on the higher mountains

of northern New York, for I have a specimen labeled N. Y.

Lepyrus nordenskioldi cinereus Van Dyke, new

subspecies

This subspecies is, like canadensis, a rather large and robust

one, but it is in general more elongate and narrower, with the

prothorax almost as long as broad, the sides posteriorly quite

parallel, the elytra more elliptical, the odd intervals with a tend-

ency to be more elevated than the even ones and distinctly

58 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. NO. 2

granular, the vestiture always gray, not dense, and on the elytra

inclined to be more evident on the even intervals, giving them

a vittate appearance; the scales are also longer and more hair-

like than they are in canadensis. In most specimens the odd

intervals are almost naked, giving the specimens a close resem-

blance to gemellus Kirby, to which they are undoubtedly some-

what related. In fact, cinereus might be classed as a transi-

tional form from canadensis to gemellus.

Holotype (No. 2594, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and six desig-

nated paratypes from a series of twenty-two specimens in my

collection collected by J. August Kusche at Rampart, Alaska,

May and June 1916, and Dawson, Yukon Territory, Canada,

June 1916; and one specimen from Fort Yukon, Alaska, col-

lected by M. F. Blasse. Mr. R. E. Barrett has also submitted

a series of over twenty-two specimens from Forty Mile, Yukon

Territory, Canada, taken June 17, 1928, from willows. These

specimens are slightly shorter and proportionately broader than

are those from farther north. Several specimens from St. Paul

Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, are also quite close to these.

It is a phase that is quite characteristic of the upper Yukon

Valley.

Lepyrus gemellus Kirby. This well known and distinct spe-

cies is fairly common on willows about Rampart and Fort

Yukon, Alaska. I have a large series from these localities and

Mr. Barrett took numerous specimens this last summer from

near Dawson. It apparently ranges throughout much of the

northern Yukon Valley as well as to the eastward into the

Hudson Bay region.

Lepyrus gemellus errans Casey. This insect, I cannot con-

sider as anything more than a subspecies of the preceding, with

the body less elongate and the pile more generally dispersed.

The depressed, even intervals seem to be broader than in

gemellus, but that is more because the striae which define them

are less distinctly impressed. In my specimen taken by myself

on Longs Peak, Colorado, close to 11,000 feet in altitude, the

pile is gray as in gemellus. In the type from New Mexico the

scales of the elytra were stated to be pale yellowish.

October, 1928] hatch — studies on ph^on

FURTHER STUDIES ON PH^DON

(CHRYSOMELIN^)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH ^

Due to the kindness of Professor E, C. Van Dyke, I have

been permitted to borrow some of the material of PhcBdon in

the collection of the California Academy of Science. The detec-

tion of four new species in this material as well as specimens

of prasinella Lee. have led me to present the following revision

of my first table (Pan.-Pac. Ent., V, 1928, pp. 44-45.) I have

omitted from the present table the species I have not seen

{Icevigatus Dft., viridis Melsh., (sruginosus Suffr., grantmicus

Dft., purpurea Linell) due to the uniform failure of the descrip-

tions to mention characters that appear to me to be of great

significance, but the probable place of these species can be

determined from my first key.

A^. Second elytral interval without a series of larger punctures;

elytral striae unimpressed; intervals of elytra transversely sub-

rugulose; clypeal suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle

(except in vandykei); humeral callus weak.

B^. Head and pronotum not microreticulate.

C^. Elytral intervals micropunctulate ; length 3.5-4 mm.

Europe cochlearia L.

C2. Elytral intervals coarsely punctate.

D^. Strial punctures evidently larger than the punctures of

the intervals, the striae evident.

El. Clypeal suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle;

elytra more arcuate at sides, more finely punctate;

shining greenish or aeneous metallic; length 3.4 mm.;

Washington, California punctatus Hatch

E2. Clypeal suture impressed throughout; elytra more

parallel, more coarsely punctate; color nearly black,

obscure violaceous or greenish; length 3-4 mm.;

California vandykei sp. nov.

D2. Strial punctures smaller, nearly the same size as the

punctures of the intervals, the strial series feebly evi-

dent; length 3.5 mm.; California prasinella Lee.

B2. Head and pronotum microreticulate; elytral intervals micro-

punctulate.

1 Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of

Washington.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

C^. Elytra not microreticulate; pronotum and head subequally

punctate.

D^. Head and pronotum feebly microreticulate.

E^. Sides of elytra behind humeri subparallel; metallic

violaceous; length 4-5 mm.; Arizona

purpurescens sp. nov.

E2. Sides of elytra arcuate; metallic violaceous or green;

length 3.4-4 mm.; Arizona huachuca sp. nov.

D2. Head and pronotum strongly microreticulate; sides of

elytra arcuate; bronze; length 3.8 mm.; New York

dietrichi Hatch

0?. Elytra microreticulate; sides of elytra arcuate; punctures

of pronotum smaller than those of head; length 3.2 mm.;

New York microreticulatus Hatch

A^. Second elytral interval with a series of larger punctures; elytral

intervals microreticulate.

B^. Elytral intervals subrugulose; dorsum not at all microreticu-

late; clypeal suture more deeply impressed at sides than at

middle; humeral callus prominent.

C^. Elytral striae not impressed, the intervals more roughly

rugulose; brilliant metallic green or aeneous; length 3.5

mm.; California to Alaska and Alta oviformis Lee.

C^. Elytral striae somewhat impressed at middle, the intervals

finely subrugulose; obscure metallic aeneous or violaceous;

length 3-3.4 mm.; B. C vancowverensis sp. nov.

B2. Elytral intervals not subrugulose.

C^. Clypeal suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle;

humeral callus weak; narrowly oval; metallic cupreous;

dorsum not microreticulate; length 3.5 mm.; Washington,

Alta, New York carri Hatch

C^. Clypeal suture not impressed at sides, equal throughout;

humeral callus prominent; head and pronotum somewhat

microreticulate.

D^. Intervals of elytra flat, striae not impressed; metallic

blue, rarely green; length 3-4 mm.; Europe, Labrador

(Sherman), New York, Washington armoracia L.

D2. Intervals convex; color shining black, not metallic;

length 3.9 mm.; Washington niger Hatch

Phesdon punctatus Hatch. Numerous specimens : Seattle,

Coupeville, and Monroe, Washington; San Diego County,

Tulare County, and Napa County, California.

October, 1928] hatch — studies on ph^don

Phaedon (s. str.)vandykei Hatch, sp. nov.

Nearly black, obscure violaceous or greenish. Head and pronotum

moderately equally punctate, micropunctulate, not microreticulate.

Clypeal suture subequally impressed throughout. Elytra octostriato-

punctate plus a scutellar stria, striae not impressed; intervals flat, not

microreticulate, transversely rugose, coarsely punctate but slightly

more finely so than the striae, which are evident; marginal interval

with the striaform series of equally spaced punctures; humeral callus

weak. Venter sparsely, moderately to finely punctate, microreticu-

late. Length 3-4 mm.; width 2.2-2.4 mm.

Type (No. 2595, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and three para-

types (one in collection of author) : Carmel, California, Feb-

ruary 19, 1911. Van Dyke collection.

Phcsdon prasinella Lee. Tulare County and Marin County,

California.

Phaedon (s. str.) purpurescens Hatch, sp. nov.

Above shining violaceous metallic, pronotum usually greenish.

Head densely and pronotum more sparsely subequally punctate,

micropunctulate, faintly microreticulate. Clypeal suture impressed

at sides, feeble at middle. Elytra nearly parallel behind humeri; octo-

punctato-striate plus a scutellar stria, striae not impressed; intervals

flat, finely transversely rugose, sparsely micropunctulate; marginal

interval with a short median striaform series of punctures; humeral

callus moderately evident. Venter coarsely punctate, microreticulate,

obscurely violaceous metallic. Length 4.5 mm.; width 2.8-3. 1 mm.

Type : Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona,

August 7, 1924, J. O. Martin collector. No. 2596, Mus. Calif.

Acad. Sci. Two paratypes : Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise

County, Arizona, July, 14, 1908, V. W. Owen collector, Van

Dyke collection. Two paratypes: Prescott, Arizona, February

1-20, 1909, Van Dyke collection (one in collection of author).

Purpurescens is separated from purpuratus Linell by the

absence of any microreticulation on the elytra and by the struc-

ture of the clypeal suture, which is said to be uniformly im-

pressed in purpuratus . The description of purpuratus makes

no mention of transverse wrinkles on the elytral intervals. The

scutellum in purpurescens is micropunctulate, microreticulate in

a single specimen.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Phaedon (s. str.) huachucae Hatch, sp. nov.

Violaceous or greenish metallic. Head and pronotum coarsely, sub-

equally punctate, micropunctulate, feebly microreticulate; clypeal

suture impressed at sides, feeble at middle. Elytra with sides arcuate

behind humeri; octo-punctato-striate plus a scutellar stria, striae not

impressed; intervals flat, transversely rugose, sparsely micropunctu-

late; marginal interval with a striaform series of punctures; humeral

callus very weak but evident. Venter punctate, feebly microreticu-

late. Length 3.4-4 mm.; width 2.6-2.9 mm.

Type : Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona,

August 5, 1925, J. O. Martin collector. No. 2597, Mus. Calif.

Acad. Sci. Paratype with same data in collection of author.

Two paratypes : Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Van Dyke

collection.

Phcedon microreticulatus Hatch. One specimen : Concord,

New York.

Phcedon oviformis Lee. Rampart, Alaska.

Phaedon (s. str.) vancouverensis Hatch, sp. nov.

Obscure aeneous or violaceous, tibiae and tarsi rufescent. Head

and pronotum punctate, the latter somewhat more finely so, not at

all microreticulate, sparsely micropunctulate. Clypeal suture more

deeply impressed at sides than at middle. Elytra octo-punctato-

striate plus a scutellar stria, the striae feebly impressed, especially

toward the middle of the elytra; intervals nearly flat, very feebly

convex, very feebly transversely rugose, sparsely micropunctulate;

the second and marginal intervals each with a striaform series of

punctures; humeral callus prominent. Venter finely, sparsely punc-

tate, strongly microreticulate. Length 3-3.4 mm.; width 2-2.3 mm.

Type (No. 2598, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and two paratypes

(one in collection of author) : Nanaimo, B. C., Biological

Station, June 28, 1920. E. P. Van Duzee collector.

Distinguished from niger Hatch by its smaller size, faint

metallic color less densely micropunctulate and not at all micro-

reticulate head and pronotum, less densely micropunctulate,

more or less evidently rugose and more feebly rounded elytral

intervals, less deeply impressed elytral striae, and rufescent tibiae

and tarsi.

P. carri Hatch. One specimen: Port Angeles, Washington.

P. niger Hatch. A second specimen from Coupeville, Wash-

ington, in the author’s collection.

October, 1928] gellermann — hydroporus

A NEW SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS FROM

WASHINGTON

BY HELEN GELLERMANN ^

Hydroporus (Heterosternus) brodei Gellermann,

sp. nov. (Fig. 1)

Length 3.6 to 3.8 mm.; width 2.0 to 2.2 mm. Form broadly ovate,

moderately convex. Head and antennae entirely rufous or rufotesta-

ceous except for fuscous eyes. Pronotum piceous with a transverse

rufous marking at the center and sometimes at the sides. Margin

of the pronotum very narrow. Dorsum shining black except for

sharply defined reddish spots: at humeral angles extending in a

curved border from two-thirds to six-sevenths of the way to the

suture, postmedianly extending two-thirds of the way to the suture

and anteapically, triangular in shape, not reaching the lateral or

sutural margins. Elytra without vittae; punctuation unequal through-

out; elytra with three indistinct, complete rows of punctures in slight

depressions and numerous more or less distinct individual punctures

antemedianly. Punctuation of the pronotum more dense and unequal,

large and deep punctures in very slight depressions on each side

and at the anterior margin; micropunctation of elytra and pronotum

very dense throughout; no transverse strigosity. Upper surface not

at all pubescent; a few moderately long hairs sometimes present

along the rows of punctures or along the sides of the pronotum and

elytra. Body beneath sparsely, but more strongly punctate than

above; micropunctation beneath very dense throughout. Prosternal

intercoxal protuberance and anterior file lacking. Metasternum

deeply channeled postmedianly. Pro- and mesotarsi moderately

dilate, densely pubescent beneath. Antennae of male unmodified.

Type and three paratypes. Baker Pond, Walla Walla,

Washington, March 11, 1928, J. S. Erode. One type and two

paratypes in the collection of M. H. Hatch; one paratype in

the collection of J. S. Erode. Brodei runs to H. mellitus Lee.

and H. dixianus Fall in Fall’s key (Rev. N. A. Sp. Hydroporus

and Agaporus, 1923, p. 9). The three species may be separated

as follows :

A. Punctures connected by strigosity; length 3 to 3.2 mm.; feebly

vittate dixianus Fall

AA. No strigosity.

B. Finely pubescent; length 2.5 mm.; feebly vittate

mellitus Lee.

BB. Not at all pubescent; length 3.6 to 3.8 mm.; not vittate, but

with three well-defined elytral spots brodei sp. nov.

1 Contribution from the Zoblogical Laboratory of the University of

Washington.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. V, NO. 2

Explanation of Figures

Figure 1. Hydroporus (Heterosternus) brodei sp. nov.; dorsal view

with spots indicated by unbroken lines, coarser punctures only shown.

Figures 2 to 5, Coelambus impressopunctatus lineelus ; fig. 2, dorsal view,

unstippled areas corresponding to the pale areas in the type; fig. 3,

punctation of surface of elytra at apex of the broad pale vitta, the

scale indicated = % mm.; fig. 4, ventral surface of metafemur show-

ing the punctation only; fig. 5, anterior face of mesotibia, showing

rows of punctures.

Ccelambus (s. str.) impressopunctatus var. $ lineelus

Gyll. (Fig. 2-5)

This variety was figured in the belief that it represented an

undescribed species. It now appears to be a female form of

impressopunctatus Schall., unrecorded previously from North

America. All twelve specimens are females and some of them

were taken in the same situation as males. The elytra are, how-

ever, virtually devoid of intermixed finer punctures (fig. 3),

which excludes it from impressopunctatus as defined by Fall

(N. A. Sp. Coelambus, 1919, p. 19). The entire dorsum is

opaquely microreticulate and the elytra possess two more or less

evanescent impressed discal series of punctures. The only

Nearctic species with which it is likely to be confused in Fall’s

October, 1928] da vis — new cicindela 65

key (p. 4) is unguicularis Cr. and from it lineelus may be dis-

tinguished by its coarser punctation, more opaque dorsal sur-

face, and its evanescent impressed discal series of punctures on

the elytra, such series being entirely absent in unguicularis. The

following Washington localities are represented: Seattle, San

Juan Island, North Bend, Green River Gorge.

The author acknowledges the assistance of Dr. Melville H.

Hatch under whose direction this study has been made.

A NEW CICINDELA (COLEOPTERA, CICINDELID^)

BY A. C. DAVIS

Cicindela arida Davis, n. sp.

Brilliant metallic green above, with coppery reflections, body

beneath and legs green. Head granulate, frons hairy, interocular

striae rather fine and not extending all the way between the eyes;

labrum tridentate; palpi entirely greenish-black in both sexes. Pro-

thorax rugose, narrowed behind, widest at the anterior fifth or sixth;

anterior impressions deep and acute, the bottoms fairly smooth;

median impression complete and rather sharp; basal impressions

broad, rounded at bottoms, the thoracic rugosity extending across

them. Elytra narrowest at the humeri, thence gradually widening to

the apical third, punctate-granulate, finely but evidently serrulate at

apex. Elytral markings consist of an apical dot only. Body beneath

and appendages clothed with long, coarse, white hair, which is erect

on the head, prothorax and appendages, and less so on the meso-

and metasterna. Shorter, finer, recumbent white or grayish hairs

clothe the flanks of the abdomen. Length 11-12.6 mm.

Holotype male, and allotype female, and seven paratypes in

my collection, and paratypes in the collections of Mr. H. C. Fall,

Mr. F. C. Hadden, and the California Academy of Sciences.

These are from a series of thirteen specimens given to me by

Mr. Jean Gunder of Pasadena, California, who took them on

March 31, 1928, along the margin of a small duck pond at

Death Valley Junction, California, east of Death Valley, and

within a few miles of the Calif ornia-Nevada line.

In the series of thirteen specimens examined there is some

variation in color, from a vivid green with very faint coppery

reflection, to a muddy gray-green. In the latter case the apical

dot shows a tendency to disappear. There is no trace of other

marking than the apical dot except in one specimen, which has

very small humeral dots. The labrum is evidently tridentate in

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

all specimens seen, but varies greatly in the length of the teeth

and in the width at the midline.

This species apparently belongs in the C. tranquebarica group.

Its nearest relatives in California appear to be C. tranquebarica

var. sierra Leng, and C. viridissima Fall. From the former it

may be distinguished by its more brilliant color, its lack of

markings, and its greater hairiness. From C. viridissima Fall,

to which it appears most closely related, it differs in its greater

brilliancy, the coppery reflection (nearly or quite lacking in

viridissima), greater hairiness, especially on the frons, and its

lack of markings. The present species may also be distinguished

from the above two by its distribution. The var. sierra is found

in the middle and northern Sierras, while Death Valley Junction

is separated by some seventy-five or one hundred miles of desert

from the nearest spur of the southern Sierras. The nearest

recorded locality for C. viridissima is also about one hundred

miles distant, over desert and mountain.

Diabrotica balteata Lec.

Diabrotica balteata Leconte was first noted in California at

Escondido by Fred Lohse in September 1928. Adults were

noted feeding on the leaves of mulberry. By November they

became very numerous and quite destructive to mulberry trees

being propagated for feeding silkworms. Specimens were

received from Lohse collected November 16, 1928, and deter-

mined by E. C. Van Dyke as the above species. This species

ranges from Texas to Arizona and through Mexico to Colombia.

This is the first record of its occurrence in California. — E. O.

Essig.

The Lepturini of North America

Coleopterists will be interested in Bulletin 52 of the National

Museum of Canada. It is by J. M. Swaine and Ralph Hopping,

and treats of the Lepturini of America, north of Mexico, being

essentially a monograph of this interesting tribe of our wood-

boring beetles. It is designated as Part I, so we assume there

is another part to follow. Thirteen plates, giving outlines and

details, illustrate the text. — E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1928]

FERRIS COCCID^

THE WAX-SECRETING ORGANS OF THE

COCCID^

BY G. F. FERRIS

Stanford University, California

The production of various kinds of secretions from modified

hypodermal cells is an extremely common phenomenon among

the insects. In literally thousands upon thousands of species

such secretions occur in one form or another, sometimes being

of such a nature and in such abundance as to form products of

economic importance to man. Such substances as beeswax and

shellac are of this origin.

In no group of insects, however, is this production of dermal

secretions more conspicuous and of more general occurrence

than among the scale insects. To be sure the members of this

group share this phenomenon with other related groups such

as the Aphidse, Chermidae, Aleyrodidae and Fulgoridae, but even

so the extraordinary abundance of these secretions in many

of the scale insects, the wide range of character and form

under which they appear and the practical universality of occur-

rence among all the species of the Coccidae, are elsewhere

unapproached.

It is a curious fact that in spite of the conspicuousness of

these secretions among the scale insects, there has been but

little done in the way of detailed investigation of the structures

from which the secretions originate. The occurrence in the

derm of specialized structures connected with the elaboration

of the secretions has long been known, and of recent years the

importance of these purely cuticular structures in the systematic

work upon the group has come slowly to be recognized. That

the final development of a satisfactory classification of the group

will involve a detailed knowledge and understanding of these

structures is becoming increasingly apparent. Yet at the present

time there exists no general study of even these cuticular struc-

tures, still less of the histological structures behind them.

In order to obtain a clear understanding of such structures

as the various kinds of ducts and pores through which the secre-

tions exude, no study merely of the derm as it appears . in the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

type of preparations that are used for systematic work will

suffice. Such an understanding can only come when the histo-

logical structures that underlie these ducts and pores have been

carefully investigated. The very curious misinterpretations of

the pores and ducts, that frequently appear in our systematic

work, show this very clearly. Yet at present the published infor-

mation concerning the histology of the glands is extremely

scanty and at times contains errors and misinterpretations that

are no less curious than those to be found in purely systematic

papers.

As a systematist interested in the development of a sound

classification of the scale insects, and therefore realizing clearly

the need of an understanding of these structures, I have long

been interested in the histology of the glands. Some years ago

I began the accumulation of histological material and the work

was carried far enough to reveal a considerable body of fact

and to show the existence of many errors in the small literature

that deals with the subject. Press of other work has prevented

the carrying of this study to the point where the publication of

results could be justified. I have therefore initiated among my

students a program of study of these glands, with the hope that

finally there may be built up a sufficient body of information

to permit the formulation of some general conclusions. The

first short paper resulting from this work follows.

As an introduction to this series I am presenting herewith a

bibliography of papers in which some contribution, as frequently

erroneous as otherwise, to the literature of the wax-secreting

glands occurs. In this list there are included only papers in

which some information as to the histology of the glands is to

be found. Papers dealing only with the ducts and pores in con-

nection with systematic work are omitted. The bibliography is

undoubtedly not complete, for there must be many passing

references that have been overlooked, but it is believed to con-

tain the more important contributions.

I would particularly call attention to the fact that these

papers contain a large amount of error, in fact in but few of

them are the conclusions and the figures presented to be

October, 1928]

FERRIS — COCCID.®

accepted unreservedly. The papers by Teodoro, alone, appear

to present a trustworthy picture of the wax-secreting organs.

As far as my own observations go, they agree closely with those

of this author.

Bibliography of Papers on the Histology of the

Wax-Secreting Organs of the Goccid^

Berlese, A. Le Cocciniglie Italiane vivente sugli agrumi. Rivista

di Patologia Vegetale, 2:70-109 and 129-187; pis. 3-5; numer-

ous tf. Ibid. 3:49-163; pis. 2-13. (1894.) Ibid. 4:74-179; pis.

9-12, and 195-292; pis. 13-14. (1895-6.) Ibid. 5:1-61; pis. 1-12.

(1896.)

Buffa, P. Sopra una cocciniglia nuova {Aclerda berlesii) vivente sulla

canna comune {Arundo donax). Revista di Patologia vegetale,

6:135-159;pls. 4-6. (1898.)

Childs, Leroy. The anatomy of the Diaspinine scale insect Epidiaspis

piricola (Del. Guer.). Annals Entomological Society America,

7:47-56; pis. 12-14. (1914.)

Ferris, G. F. The California species of mealy bugs. Stanford Uni-

versity Publications, University Series, p. 23. (1918.)

Fullaway, D. T. Description of a new Coccid species, Ceroputo

ambigua, with notes on its life history and anatomy. Proceed-

ings Davenport Academy Sciences, 12:223-240; 4 pis. (1910.)

Johnson, C. The internal anatomy of Icerya purchasi. Annals En-

tomological Society America, 5:383-388; pi. 28. (1912.)

List, J. Orthezia cataphracta Shaw. Fine Monographic. Zeitschrift

fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 45:201-277; 6 pis. (1886.)

Matheson, R. The wax-secreting glands of Pseudococcus citri Risso.

Annals Entomological Society America, 16:50-56. (1923.)

Mayer, P. Zur Kenntnis von Coccus cacti. Mitteilungen a. d. Zool.

Stat. Neapel, 10. (1892.)

Moulton, Dudley. The Monterey Pine scale, Physokermes insignicola.

(Craw.). Proceedings Davenport Academy Sciences, 12:1-25;

4 pis. (1907.)

Oguma, K. A new scale insect, Xylococcus alni, on alder, with spe-

cial reference to its metamorphosis and anatomy. Journal

College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sap-

poro, Japan, 8:77-109; pis. 1-4. (1919.)

Putnam, J. D. Biological and other notes on Coccidae. Proceedings

Davenport Academy Sciences, 2:293-347; pis. 12-13. (1880.)

Teodoro, G. Le glandule ceripare della femmina della Pulmnaria

camelicola Sign. Redia, 7:172-181; pi. 6. (1911.)

La secrezione della cera nei maschi della Pulmnaria camelicola

Sign. Redia, 7:352-362; 4 tf. (1911.)

70 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Le glandule laccipare e ceripare del Lecanium olece Bern. Redia,

8:312-320; 2 tf. (1912.)

Osservazione nella ecologia delle Cocciniglie con speciale riguardo

alia morfologia e alia fisiologia di quest! insetti. Redia, 11:129-

207; 3 tf.; 3 pis. (1915.)

Cellule ipostigmatiche e cellule ceripare libere nel Lecanium per-

sica Fab. Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 50:

23-27. (1919.)

Le glandule ceripare de “Ceroplastes sinensis” Del Guer, e con-

siderazioni general! su tali organ! nei Coccidi. Bulletino della

Societa Entomologica Italian, 53:37-41. (1921.)

Le glandule ceripare della Filippia olea. Redia, 15:177-179. (1924.)

Visart, O. Contribuzione alio studio delle glandule ceripare delle

Cocciniglie {Dactylopius citri e Ceroplastes rusci). Revista di

Patologia Vegetale, 3:39-47; pi. 1. (1894.)

Contribuzione alio studio delle glandule ceripare negli Afidi e nelle

Cocciniglie. Bulletino della Societa Naturalist! Napoli, 8:112.

(1895.)

Witlaczil, E. Zur Morphologie und Anatomie der Cocciden. Zeit-

schrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 43:149-173. (1886.)

The Preparation of Histological Material of the

Coccidi

A rather extended experience in the preparation of histo-

logical material in this group has indicated that the best killing

fluid is Carnoy’s acetic alcohol; glacial acetic acid one part,

absolute alcohol six parts, chloroform three parts. This fluid

penetrates the waxy covering of the insects immediately, which

many fluids will not do, and gives excellent fixation. Any of

the commonly used hsematoxylin stains such as Delafield’s,

Ehrhlich’s or Hansen’s, are suitable. Orange G as a counter-

stain is effective in picking out the chitinous, and sometimes

extremely delicate, walls of ducts. Experiments have been

made with intra-vitam staining and the use of dissection prepa-

rations to supplement sections but without any special advan-

tage. I am inclined to suspect that some of the peculiar errors

to be found in certain of the older papers have arisen because

of the use of such preparations.

October, 1928] murdock — icerya purchasi

THE WAX-SECRETING MECHANISM IN

THE ADULT FEMALE OF ICERYA

PURCHASI MASKELL

BY GLENN E. MURDOCK

Stanford University, California

Apparently there has been but one paper published in which

there is a direct reference to the histology of the wax-secreting

glands of Icerya purchasi Masked, the cottony cushion scaled

This paper was not primarily concerned with the glands, dis-

cussing them in a single short paragraph, and this appears to be

largely in error. The study of these structures, especially of

the pores, is difficult, even with the aid of good histological

preparations and with an oil-immersion lens.

Icerya purchasi has been given the common name of “cottony

cushion scale” because of its appearance in life. When the

ovisac in which the eggs are deposited is fully developed the

insect itself is inconspicuous in comparison with the amount of

cottony material with which it is invested. Apparently there

is no time during the life of the insect in which the wax is not

secreted, although the distribution of the compound pores from

which the wax issues varies greatly in the different stages.

There are also differences in the types of pores to be seen in the

different instars. We are concerned here only with those to be

found in the adult female.

In the adult female the most abundant pores are of the type

shown in Fig lA. These pores are distributed generally over

the body, but are especially concentrated into a large ring on the

ventral side of the abdomen, this ring enclosing the vulva. It

is evidently from this ring that the outer, rather firm, wall of

the ovisac arises. There are from four to five times as many

pores per unit of area in this ovisac ring as there are on any

other part of the body. The wax arising from these pores can

be seen to issue in the form of slender spiral rods that measure

from one to two microns in diameter, the entire group of these

arising from a single compound pore forming a tuft and these

1. Johnson, Carl. The internal anatomy of Icerya purchasi.

Annals Entomological Society America 5:383-388; pi. 28 (1912).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

tufts being aggregated to form the general waxy covering of

the body. The great numbers of slender setae with which the

skin is beset seem to function as supports for the masses of

secretion which form upon them.

In the adult female there may be seen numerous long, slender,

glassy rods of wax that radiate from the body. These are not

at all of the characteristic spiral form in which the rest of the

secretion issues, but are straight rods, appearing to be round,

but upon close examination proving to be formed from two

solid rods. Each of these rods is in section of the form of a

half circle, the flat surfaces being approximated. These rods

agree in distribution and number with, and undoubtedly issue

from, certain large pores which are distributed around the

periphery of the body in small numbers.

Altogether, three distinct types of pores are to be found, one

(Fig. lA) apparently producing the greater part of the secre-

tion and being responsible for the ovisac; a second (Fig. IB)

being responsible for the glassy rods; and a third (Fig. ID)

which I have not been able as yet to correlate with a definite

type of secretion. The pores of this third type are distributed

over the entire surface of the body, many more per unit of area

being present on the ventral side than on the dorsal. They are

not commonly found among the pores composing the ovisac

ring, but are numerous just outside and just inside of the ring

and over the area enclosed by it.

The compound pores of the commoner type (Fig. lA) are

approximately twelve microns in length and ten in width. As

viewed in the ordinary dermal preparation it is impossible to

be certain of the exact structure of these pores, and a clear

understanding can only be obtained, if at all, from histological

sections. In a dermal preparation the compound pore appears

as an outer ring, connected to a much smaller inner ring by

heavy buttress-like cross walls that separate small compart-

ments, the inner ring itself being divided by a cross wall to form

two compartments. Of the outer compartments or loculi there

may be from eight to twelve.

The correlation of this appearance with a vertical section is

October, 1928] murdock — icerya purchasi

shown also in Fig. lA. It may be noted that each compartment

or loculus opens to the interior by an extremely minute pore,

which in the case of the peripheral loculi seems to be continuous

with a very short duct. The cross wall, separating the two

central loculi evidently divides the wax issuing from the two

pores, and in the case of this type of compound pore the wax

from the central openings, as well as that from the peripheral

openings issues in the form of small spiral rods.

It appears that the wax, issuing from the minute pores as a

liquid hardens and takes form in the outer chambers, which act

as molds.

The pores of the larger type, from which the glassy threads

arise appear in surface view as shown in Fig. IB. In general

these compound pores are about fifteen microns in diameter and

are nearly round. They differ from the smaller pores just

described chiefly in details. It will be noted that the peripheral

loculi are relatively much smaller than in the other type, that

the central ring is larger and heavier and the cross wall of

the central ring is only about half as high as the outer walls

(Fig. 1C).

The wax from the peripheral pores forms in small spirals,

but that from the central loculi forms the glassy rods, each of

which, as has been pointed out, is made up of two rods that are

semicircular in section with their flat surfaces approximate.

The mechanical reasons for the differences in form of the secre-

tions arising from the two types of compound pores, aside from

any possible chemical difference in the wax, would seem to lie

perhaps in the difference in size of the rods of wax and in the

difference in height of the central cross wall. Apparently this

short cross wall, while separating the wax as it issues from the

two central pores long enough to permit the two rods to harden

partially, still does not keep them sufficiently far apart to

prevent some final contact of their median surfaces and they

consequently partially stick together and issue as a single

compound rod.

The delicate duct indicated as continuous with the pore of

one of the central loculi in Fig. 1C, is extremely difficult to see

and to trace, yet it seems quite certainly to be present.

The third type of pore, the surface appearance of which is

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Fig. 1. Compound wax pores of Icerya purchasi Masked. A, sur-

face view and vertical optical section of most abundant type; B, sur-

face view of type from which glassy rods arise; C, vertical optical

section of same; D, surface view of third type of pore.

shown in Fig ID, has not yet been studied in sections and can-

not be reported upon.

The glands which underlie these pores seem all to be of a

single general type, varying in size and in form as they may

be crowded together or comparatively free. They all consist

of a cluster of enlarged hypodermal cells (Fig. 2), there being

October, 1928] murdock — icerya purchasi

Fig. 2. Optical longitudinal section of gland and pore,

a single large central cell surrounded by an outer series of

smaller cells. Apparently, as far as can be determined by actual

count, there is one outer cell for each peripheral opening of the

compound pore, each cell thus discharging its contents through

one of these pores. Apparently, also, the large central cell dis-

charges its contents through the two central pores. No differ-

ences are to be detected between the glands that serve the two

types of pores that have been described.

These glands possess no storage reservoir or lumen as do the

glands in some other scale insects. Apparently they secrete the

wax as rapidly as it is formed. In none of the numerous prepa-

rations examined was there any evidence of vacuolation of the

cell contents or any evidence that a cell becomes exhausted.

Secretion apparently begins very early at the time of molting,

for specimens not yet molted have been dissected from their

old skins and microscopic examination showed that the new skin

in process of formation was well covered with threads of wax.

Both yellow and white wax is to be found upon the bodies

of these insects, but at present no information is available con-

cerning the origin of the two colors. Possibly the yellow wax

is secreted by the third type of pore, which still remains to be

investigated.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 2

SOME INSECTS OF THE YOSEMITE NATIONAL

PARK

BY E. O. ESSIG

University of California

I. Scale Insects — Coccidae

During the summer of 1928 I took a group of five ento-

mological students into the Yosemite National Park to study

field entomology and collecting technique for six weeks. We

arrived there on May 12 and departed on July 23, 1928. Dur-

ing our stay we spent most of our time in the field and col-

lected as much of the insect fauna as time and season permitted.

Through the kindness of C. P. Russell, Park Naturalist, we

were granted the use of a fine large room in the Park museum

for laboratory work, where mounting and studying were pur-

sued under the most enjoyable conditions. In return for this

service we added a goodly number of insect specimens to the

museum collections and have many more to return when deter-

minations are made. The bulk of our material will not be

named for some time, and it is doubtful if I shall be able to

report upon much of it. However, a few notes may be of value

as permanent records.

The number of the scale insects or Coccidae of this region

does not appear to be extensive, but the few species evident

are often very abundant, especially on the valley floor. Species

marked by an asterisk were determined by Harold Morrison.

The cottony willow scale, *Eriococcus borealis Ckll., is very

abundant on the willows growing around Mirror Lake and on

the floor of the valley. The cochineal-red females are com-

pletely enclosed in small white felt-like sacs and are crowded

along the stems and branches, especially in cracks and around

wounds. It is the most conspicuous coccid in the valley and is

undoubtedly a native species. Collected during May and June,

1928.

The oak lecanium, Lecanium quercitronis Fitch, is very abun-

dant on the smaller twigs of the common California black oak,

Quercus kelloggi Newb., on the floor of the valley, and par-

ticularly from the old village to Mirror Lake. This scale may

prove to be the ordinary brown apricot scale, Lecanium corni

Bouche, or a distinct new Western species.

October, 1928] essig— yosemite insects 77

The brown apricot scale, Lecanium corni Bouche : What

appears to be this species occurs on the large elm trees along

the road between the old and new villages. It was no doubt

introduced at an early date and may be the same species that

has so generally infested the black oaks.

The white fir scale, *Physokermes concolor Coleman, is a

hemispherical brown scale taken only on two very small white

fir trees; one growing on the median moraine at the upper end

of the valley and the other on right bank of the upper island of

Happy Isles. Collected on June 6, 1928.

The oyster shell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linn.), is exceed-

ingly abundant on the willows and young poplar or cottonwood

trees on the floor of the valley. In fact it often completely

encrusts the branches of entire clumps of willows, many of

which have been killed by the coccid. This scale was probably

introduced into the valley on apple trees following the settle-

ment of J. C. Lamon there in 1859 and J. M. Hutchings in 1864.

Both of these residents planted quite extensive orchards which

are still in existence. While the scale may be still found on the

apple trees of these orchards, it is by no means as abundant and

destructive to the fruit trees as it now is to the native willows

and cottonwoods. Collected during May and June, 1928.

Ferris’ ceanothus scale, ^Lepidosaphes ceanothi Ferris, is a

whitish oyster-shaped scale, taken in large numbers on a few

branches of deer brush, Ceanothus integerrimus H. and A.,

growing near the road just north of the studios north of the

post office. Concerning this species Morrison writes : “Your lot

No. 4 I have placed as Professor Ferris’ Lepidosaphes ceanothi

although this is a most puzzling lot of specimens. For some

reason the apex of the pygidium seems to have developed incom-

pletely in the very great majority of the examples which I have

looked at and, while those which are most fully developed seem

to agree much better with Ferris’ ceanothi than with cotype

specimens of concolor in the collection here, the matter ought to

be left open to question a little longer on account of the peculiar

characteristic shown by the pygidial margin.”

Additional specimens have been sent to Morrison for further

study. Collected on May 22, 1928.

The pine leaf scale, Chionaspis pinifolice (Fitch) is common

and often abundant on the needles of the yellow pine trees

78 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

growing on the floor of the valley, where it is frequently asso-

ciated with the hemlock scale, Aspidiotus pini Comstock. It

may also be found on various pines throughout the park and

is usually quite heavily parasitized. Collected during May and

June, 1928.

The black willow scale, Chionaspis salicis-nigrcB (Walsh).

What has for many years been determined as this species occurs

abundantly on the main limbs of the deer brush, Ceanothus

integerrimus H. and A., on the floor of the valley and in many

other parts of the park. It often entirely covers the surface of

the branches from the ground to several feet above. I first took

it in the valley in July, 1914, and have noted it many times

since. There appears to be good reason to think that this scale

may prove to be a distinct new species.

Kellogg’s fir scale, *Dinaspis kelloggi (Coleman) (Leucaspis) ,

was taken on the small white fir tree growing on Happy Isles,

already referred to as being also infested with the white fir

scale, Physokermes concolor (Coleman). Its rather white showy

scales make it nearly as conspicuous as the pine leaf scale. Col-

lected 'June 11, 1928.

The tan oak scale, Aspidiotus densiflorcs Bremner, is a small,

pale, circular scale occurring on the leaves of the goldcup oak,

Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., on the floor of the valley and on

the talus slopes about the walls and rim. I first took it there

in July 1914, and noted it again in 1925, 1926, and 1928.

The hemlock scale, Aspidiotus pini Comstock, is the common

and rather conspicuous, nearly circular, black scale often abun-

dant on the needles of yellow pine trees, where it is frequently

associated with the pine leaf scale. It is to be found, not only

on the floor of the valley, but at much higher altitudes and

infests the needles of many kinds of pines and Douglas fir. It

was collected during May and June 1928, but first noted by me

in July 1914.

October, 1928] knowlton — macrosiphini

NOTES ON A FEW SPECIES OF MACROSIPHINI

(APHIDID^) FROM UTAH WITH DESCRIP-

TIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES ^

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON ^

Tritogenaphis kosacaudis Knowlton, n. sp.

This bushy-tailed aphid is occasionally collected from the

tip growth of rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus nauseosus. In no

instance has it been observed in large numbers. This species

was first collected at Providence, Utah, on July 18, 1925. Col-

lections have also been made at Both well and Blacksmith Fork

Canyon.

In a number of respects this aphid resembles Tritogenaphis

ludoviciance (Oestlund).^ From the latter species it differs in

being darker-colored, lacking the conspicuous grayish pruinose

covering over the body and in usually having longer cornicles

and a darker cauda.

Alate vivipara. Color greenish brown to brownish black;

size 3 to 3.5 mm. long; antennae longer than the body, black,

except segments I, H, and base of HI, which are dusky;

antennal HI, 0.91 mm. long, with 35 to 50 round sensoria; IV,

0.81 mm. ; V, 0.75 mm. ; VI, 0.15 -j- 0.95 mm. ; legs long, hind

tibia 2.28 mm. long ; wing venation typical, veins slender ; corni-

cles black, 0.77 to 0.85 mm. long; cauda dusky, long, bushy,

with eight to ten hairs on each side ; anal plate rounded to some-

what triangular.

Type in the collection of the writer. Paratypes in the United

States National Museum.

Tritogenaphis escalantis Knowlton, n. sp.

This shiny green aphid was collected at Providence, Utah,

on July 18, 1925, from the tender apical growth of rabbit brush,

Chrysothamnus nauseosus.

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural

Experiment Station. Approved for publication by director, April 3, 1928.

2 The writer wishes to thank Professor O. W. Oestlund and Dr. E. M.

Patch for their opinions concerning some of the species discussed in this

paper.

3 Tritogenaphis ludovicianse (Oestlund), frequently en-

countered in Utah, being found usually as scattered individuals. Occasion-

ally, this species is in colonies on the tender parts of white sage, Artemisia

sp., especially toward the end of June. During early July, 1925, alates

were collected in Logan Canyon and at. Zion National Park.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Alate vivipara. Color shiny apple green; size 3.1 mm. long;

rostrum reaching second coxae; antennal tubercles well devel-

oped and diverging; antennae black except segments I, II, and

base of III, which are lighter ; antennal III, 0.77 mm. long and

armed with about forty round sensoria; IV, 0.67 mm.; V, 0.53

mm., with primary sensorium near distal end; VI, 0.17 -|- 0.82

mm.; legs long, hind tibia 1.9 mm. long; wing venation typical;

abdomen oval; cornicles 1.1 mm. long, black, with basal portion

lighter and noticeably widened; cauda long, tapering, slightly

dusky, with three hairs on each side and one on the dorsal

surface near distal end; anal plate rounded.

Type in the collection of the writer.

Tritogenaphis rudbecki^ (Fitch)

This reddish species is rather common in Utah, occurring on

Rudheckia, golden glow, and other plants. It has been collected

from Benjamin, Garland, Hyrum, Logan, Provo, St, George,

Salt Lake City, Zion National Park, and many other localities

in this state.

Tritogenaphis ambrosia (Thomas)

This is one of the most common aphids in Utah. It is very

often extremely numerous on species of Iva and Ambrosia,

especially along county roads. Sunflowers and many other

plants are also attacked by this species. Collections have been

made from Amalga, Bear River City, College Ward, Corinne,

Cove, Farmington, Honey ville. Hurricane, Kanab, Lewiston,

Logan, Madsen, Mantua, Panguitch, St, George, Snowville,

Trenton, and many more localities in Utah.

Tritogenaphis erigeronensis (Thomas)

This species has been collected in Utah on Erigeron superbus

and Ambrosia trifida. It has been found in Springdale and also

in Zion National Park, where it was very abundant on July 10,

1925.

Macrosiphum RosiE (Linnaeus)

This aphid is present in Utah, occasionally becoming numer-

ous on the apical growth on rose bushes. It is sometimes

encountered in colonies of Amphorophora nervata (Gillette)

and along with Capitophorus r os arum (Walker).

October, 1928] knowlton — macrosiphini

Macrosiphum pseudoros^ (Patch)

This species was collected at Brighton, Utah, on June 29,

1925, infesting Senecio uintahensis. It also occurs in canyons,

attacking wild-rose bushes.

Macrosiphum packi Knowlton

The winged form was collected at Spry, Utah, June 27, 1927,

feeding on the tender apical growth of rabbit brush, Chry-

sothamnus nauseosus. Additional localities in Utah from which

this aphid has been collected include the following : Beaver

Canyon, Bryce Canyon, Chester, Circleville, Elsinore, Emery,

Geneva, Huntington, Mona, Nephi, Santaquin, and Vineyard.

A late vivipara. Size 2.3 mm. long and rather narrow; eyes promi-

nent, with ocular tubercles poorly developed; antennae black, except

segments I, II, and base of III, which are dusky, and armed with

conspicuous sensilla; antennal III, 0.75 mm. long and armed with

twelve to sixteen sensoria, sometimes confined to an irregular row;

IV, 0.84 to 0.87 mm.; V, 0.7 mm.; VI, O.lS -1-0.9 to 0.16 + 0.93 mm.;

legs rather long, hind tibia 1.45 mm. long; wing veins a dusky brown;

fore wings with media twice branched; hind wings with both media

and cubitus present; abdomen green; cornicles black except base

which is dusky, 0.83 mm. long, slender, slightly thicker toward base

and slightly swollen preceding the weak flange; cauda black, long,

usually with three hairs on each side and one on dorsal surface near

distal end; anal plate black, slightly elongate to rounded.

Macrosiphum dirhodum (Walker)

The apterous and alate females of this species were collected

on canary grass, Phalaris sp., in Blacksmith Canyon, on July 18,

1925. The aphids were quite numerous, feeding in the groove

formed by the angle of the leaf.

Amphorophora cosmopolitana (Mason)

This aphid was collected at Magna, Utah, on October 7, 1927,

by Dr. H. J. Pack. At this time both winged and apterous

females were abundant on spiny sow thistle, Sonchus as per.

Winged forms of this species were present during the fall of

1926, on sugar-beets at Cornish, one alate female was collected

during the same season on boxelder at Blacksmith Fork Canyon,

Utah.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Acyrtosiphon pisi (Kaltenbach)

This aphid is commonly found on peas, alfalfa, and on

various other species of the Leguminosae throughout the agricul-

tural sections of Utah. During 1924 all of the sweet-pea seed

crops at Smithfield were destroyed. During 1927 severe damage

occurred in a few alfalfa fields at Richfield and in some other

southern Utah localities. When the young alfalfa was attacked

by such enormous numbers of aphids, as in the latter localities,

the tops sometimes became rather whitened. More or less dam-

age occurs in Utah every year to alfalfa and peas, as this aphid

is usually rather abundant wherever either of these crops is

raised.

Acyrtosiphon californica (Clarke)

This elongate species is occasionally taken in Utah, feeding in

colonies on the young sapwood of the willow, Salix amygda-

loides and 5'. lutea. Both winged and wingless individuals have

been taken between the middle of June and the end of July

at American Fork Canyon, Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Cedar

Canyon, Millvelle, Morgan, and Providence, Utah.

Acyrtosiphon granarium (Kirby)

This species is frequently encountered on oats and wheat in

Utah, but has seldom been observed in damaging numbers.

Collections of this species have been made at Brigham City,

Circle ville, Eden, Kanesville, Logan, Meadow, Nephi, Pan-

guitch, Richmond, and Smithfield, in Utah, The writer has also

collected this species from Clifton and Preston, Idaho.

Acyrtosiphon solanifolii (Ashmead)

This common potato aphid is present throughout much of

Utah, attacking potato, rose, and many cruciferous plants. Very

often this species is less abundant on potatoes than the green

peach aphid, Myzus per sices (Sulzer). Collections have been

made in Utah from the following places : Brigham City, Farm-

ington, Kanesville, Layton, Lewiston, Logan, Morgan, Ogden,

Richfield, St. George, and Tooele.

Acyrtosiphon pelargonii (Kaltenbach)

A single collection of this species was made at Tooele, Utah,

on July 10, 1924. Pyrus malus was the host plant.

October, 1928]

KNOWLTON MACROSIPHINI

Tritogenaphis kosacaudis n. sp. A, head; B, cauda; C, antennal III;

D, body hairs; E, anal plate; F, cornicle; all drawings of alate

viviparous.

Tritogenaphis escalaniis n. sp. A, head; B, body hairs; C, cauda;

D, anal plate; E, antennal III; F, cornicle; all drawings of alate

viviparous.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Macrosiphum packi Knowlton. A, head of alate viviparous; B,

cauda of alate; C, anal plate of alate; D, body hairs of apterous vivi-

parous; E, anal plate of apterous; F, cornicle of alate; G, antennal

III of alate; H, antennal III of apterous.

Macrosip honiella sanborni (Gillette). A, head of apterous viviparous;

B, cornicle of apterous; C, cornicle of alate viviparous; D, cauda of

alate.

Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette)

This aphid was present in small numbers feeding on chrysan-

themums in greenhouses in Salt Lake City, Utah, on September,

17 , 1924 .

October, 1928] Chamberlin — chilopods

THREE NEW LITHOBIOMORPHOUS CHILOPODS

FROM WASHINGTON AND OREGON

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah, Salt Lake City

Of the three new species here described the first two are

represented by specimens collected at Puget Sound, Wash-

ington, by Mr. E. E, Smith, The holotype of the third species

was taken by Mr. David T. Jones at Eugene, Oregon. Types

of the new forms are in the author’s personal collection.

Family Ethopolidce

Zygethopolys pugetensis Chamberlin, sp. nov.

This, the second species of the genus to become known, is to be

distinguished from the genotype, Z. nothus Chamb., which occurs on

Forrester Id., Alaska, in having the ventral spines of the anal legs

1, 1, 3, 2, 1 instead of 1, 1, 3, 3, 1. Typically also the last two pairs of

coxae are ventrally armed instead of only the last pair, though in

younger specimens the spine of the penult pair may be lacking. Last

four pairs of coxae dorsally armed, the last two pairs laterally armed.

Dorsal spines of anal legs 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; of the penult legs, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1.

Ventral spines of first legs, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2. Prosternal teeth, 1-5+5-1,

there being one tooth only external to the diastema on each side.

Ocelli mostly in four longitudinal series; e.g., l-|-6, 6, 4, 4. Differing

from Z. nothus in the female genital forceps in having the claw

tripartite instead of bipartite; basal spines 24-2. Gonopods of the

male uniarticulate. Anal legs of male not specially modified, or with

the fifth joint a little bowed ventrad. Length, 19 mm.

Holotype, a female, allotype, a male. Six additional para-

types. All taken in region of Puget Sound, Washington.

Family Lithobiidtr

Nampabius perspinosus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

This species, occurring farthest of all known from what seems to

be the center of distribution of the genus, is likewise the most

aberrant, replacing N. michiganensis in this respect. It differs from

all other species in having three dorsal spines on the third joint of

the anal and penult legs, the complete dorsal spining in each case

being 0, 0, 3, 1, 0. Ventral spines of anal legs, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw

single. Ventral spines of penult legs, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2, with 2 claws. Dorsal

spines of the thirteenth legs, 0,0, 3, 1,1; of the twelfth, 0,0, 3, 1,0.

Coxal pores circular, uniserate, in number and arrangement 3, 4, 4, 4.

Ocelli in 4 or 5 longitudinal series; e.g., 14-4,4,4,3,2; the single

ocellus large. Dorsum from yellow to brown, the head and caudal

segments darker. Claw of the female gonopods tripartite; basal

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

spines 2+2. Penult legs of male with the usual dorsal process at

distal end of fifth article. Length up to 15 mm.

Holotype a male, allotype a female, and paratypes consisting

of many specimens of both sexes, all taken by F. E. Smith at

Puget Sound, Washington.

Oabius eugenus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Light brown above, with head anteriorly lighter. Antennae brown

proximally, yellowish distally. Related to 0. dissimulans Chamb. of

California, but a smaller form with fewer ocelli, arranged in two

series instead of in three; thus, 1 + 4, 3. Basal spines of female gono-

pods more slender; claw tripartite. Ventral spines of anal legs,

0, 1, 3, 2, 0, the claw single; dorsal spines, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0. Ventral spines

of penult legs 0,1, 3, 3,1; dorsal 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, the claw also single.

Dorsal spines of twelfth legs, 1 (0), 0, 3, 1, 1.

Length, 6.2 mm.

Holotype, a female, taken in Hendrick’s Park, Eugene, Ore-

gon, October 1, 1927, by David T. Jones.

A NEW TROPICAL AMERICAN LASIOCAMPID

(LEPIDOPTERA)

BY HARRISON G. DYAR

United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Euglyphis panselene Dyar, new species

Size rather small; fore wing rather sharply trigonate, rounded-

pointed at apex; hind wing elongate-trigonate. Thorax and abdo-

men with brownish fulvous vestiture, the abdomen blackish behind

in more or less extent. Fore wing brownish black with double

blacker discal dot, illy defined; before the apex a rather large round

brownish rufous spot, followed by a faint curved pale cloud, the

inner margin rather broadly of the same color, of irregular outline,

rather broad at base and bounded above by a white line. The pale

area narrowed to center of wing, where it is crossed by a faint or

broken dark streak, then quadrately widened to vein 3, which it

follows to subterminal area, and is again widened almost to vein 4.

Hind wing blackish, with a more or less distinct pale dash on outer

third of costal margin. Expanse, male, 28 mm.

The design on the fore wing fancifully suggests the full moon

shining on a valley of golden grain, hence the specific name

selected.

Type, male, Tumatumari, Potaro River, British Guiana,

June 28, 1927 (Cornell University Collection, Type No. 858) ;

allotype Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Amazonas, Brazil, November-

December (United States National Museum, Type No. 40664,

A. H. Fassl, collector, Dognin collection).

October, 1928] van duzee — dolichopodid^

NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DOLI-

CHOPODID^ (DIPTERA)

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, New York

Chrysotus emarginatus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 2.5 mm. Face very narrow (the head is shrunken

in the type, but seems to show a narrow line of white face); palpi

small, black; front dull green; antennae black, small, third joint

rounded, wider than long, with a notch at tip for the insertion of the

arista; lower orbital cilia pale.

Thorax dark green, dorsum dulled with brown pollen, posterior

part of dorsum and the scutellum with blue reflections; abdomen

green with black hair; hypopygium concealed, its appendages very

small.

Fore coxae yellow with a few black hairs; all femora and tibiae yel-

low; fore femora with rather long pale hairs below, posterior femora

with their longest hairs above; all tarsi yellowish, brown toward their

tips; fore tibiae as 45, their tarsi as 64; joints of fore tarsi as 28-13-10-

7-6; fore pulvilli as 5; joints of middle tarsi as 31-15-10-7-6; first two

joints of posterior tarsi as 22-18. Calypters, their cilia and the

halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins parallel, fourth ending in

the apex of the wing; cross-vein before the middle of the wing; last

section of fifth vein 38, cross-vein 11 fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Described from one male, taken by C. N. Ainslie, at Sioux

City, Iowa. Type in the United States National Museum.

This is something lik,e flavipes Loew, but is smaller and the

third antennal joint is of quite different shape.

Chrysotus flavicauda Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 1.5 mm. Face very narrow; palpi whitish, rather

small; front black; antennae black, third joint twice as wide as long,

rounded, a little flattened at tip, arista apical; orbital cilia whitish.

Thorax green with brown pollen on the dorsum; abdomen green,

short, its hair black; hypopygium yellowish, prominent, extending

downward in a stout, curved appendage which is mostly yellow.

All coxae green, anterior pair with yellow tips and conspicuous

white hair; all femora yellow, fore and middle ones blackened around

the middle, posterior pair with apical half black; all tibiae wholly

yellow; hairs of posterior tibiae short; tarsi infuscated from tip of

first joint; joints of middle tarsi as 19-9-5-4-4; those of posterior pair

as 15-11-7-5-5. Calypters and halteres yellow, the former with black

cilia.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. V, NO. 2

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins parallel, fourth reaching

the wing margin before the apex of the wing; crossvein at basal

third of wing; last section of fifth vein 30, cross-vein 6 fiftieths of

a millimeter long.

Described from one male, taken by C. N. Ainslie, at Sioux

City, Iowa. Type in the United States National Museum.

This is a little like annulatus Van Duzee, but differs in having

the fore and middle femora blackened in the middle and in hav-

ing the cilia of the calypters black; the third antennal joint is

also of different form.

Gymnopternus tenuicauda Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 2.5 mm. Face wide above, a little narrowed below,

silvery white; front blackish with brown pollen; antennae wholly

black, third joint acorn-shaped in outline, a little longer than wide;

arista as long as from the vertex to the oral margin of the face;

orbital cilia wholly black.

Thorax and abdomen blackish green, not very shining; abdomen

with gray pollen and black hairs; these hairs appear brown in cer-

tain lights, especially those on upper part of the dorsum and the

long ones on posterior edge of fifth segment; hypopygium very small

and slender for the genus, tapering to a point at tip, reaching for-

ward beyond the posterior margin of third segment, with a petiole

formed of two small segments.

Coxae and femora black, extreme tips of coxae, trochanters and

extreme base and tips of femora yellow; fore and middle tibiae and

base of their tarsi yellow, apical part of these tarsi infuscated; hind

tibiae black on apical half or more, basal part more yellowish, espe-

cially above; hind tarsi wholly black; joints of fore tarsi as 26-10-

7-6-7; of posterior ones as 22-28-20-20-10. Calypters and halteres

yellow, cilia of the former black.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins parallel, cross-vein 17, last

section of fifth vein 32 fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Described from one male, taken by C. S. Brimley, May 4,

1926, at Raleigh, North Carolina. Type presented to the United

States National Museum by C. S. Brimley.

Gymnopternus tibialis Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 3-3.2 mm. Face silvery white with a few black

hairs near the lower margin, wide, its sides parallel; front covered

with brown pollen; antennas wholly black, third joint somewhat

acorn-shaped, scarcely longer than wide.

Thorax and abdomen blackish green, the latter with grayish pollen

on the sides, its hair black; hypopygium black, large, its lamellae

October, 1928] van duzee — dolichopodid^

black, rather small, appearing nearly round, central filament yellow.

Coxae and femora black, extreme tips of coxae, the trochanters and

extreme tips of femora yellow; hairs on fore coxae short, black; fore

and middle tibiae and basal part of their tarsi yellow or brownish

yellow; posterior tibiae arid tarsi black, the tibiae yellowish at base,

especially above; joints of fore tarsi as 24-10-8-5-7; first three joints

of posterior tarsi as 22-28-16. Calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of

the former black.

Wings dark grayish; third and fourth veins nearly parallel; last

section of fifth vein 28, cross-vein 16 fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Female. Like the male in color except that the wider face is

covered with grayish pollen, not white as in the male.

Described from three males and two females, all taken by

C. S. Brimley, May 4 and 6, 1926, at Rafeigh, North Carolina.

Type presented to the United States National Museum by C. S.

Brimley.

Pelastoneurus quadricincta Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length 4.5 mm. Face wide, covered with white pollen

below the suture, which is a little above the middle; palpi large,

covered with white pollen; antennae black, first joint a little yellow

below at tip; arista as long as the antennae, feathered with rather

short hairs on apical half; the short orbital cilia wholly black.

Thorax and abdomen black, shining; the velvety black stripe above

the root of the wing broad and distinct; apparently no white spot on

the suture; abdominal segments with large spots of white pollen on

the sides of the segments; last segment wholly white pollinose; hypo-

pygium black, large, sessile, its outer lamellae black, long, rather

narrow, fringed with stout black hairs, those on inner edge shortest,

with their tips bent and furnished with several stout black bristles at

apex; inner appendages a pair of shorter lamellae with two short

stout hairs at tip.

Coxae black with very narrow yellow tips, covered with gray pollen,

anterior pair almost bare; femora and tibiae dark yellow; posterior

tibiae black on upper edge at base for a short distance, with four

black spots; middle pair more brownish yellow; tarsi brown, yel-

lowish at base; first joint of fore tarsi with four spines below, which

are nearly as long as the diameter of the joint; joints of fore tarsi

as 34-12-10-7-10. Calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of the former

bla ck.

Wings grayish; cross-vein slightly margined with brown; last sec-

tion of fourth vein arched so as to approach third at tip (about as

in Plate I, figure 1, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. xvi, March 1923).

Described from one male, taken by C. S. Brimley, April 15,

1925, at Willard, North Carolina. Type presented to the United

States National Museum by C. S. Brimley.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 2

PLANT HAIRS AS BUILDING MATERIAL FOR

POLISTES (HYMENOPTERA, VESPID^)

BY CARL D. DUNCAN

Stanford University, California

The various species of social wasps of the genus Polistes,

like those of the genus Vespa, have long been known to use

wood fiber as the material out of which to build their paper

nests, and, so far as many people are aware, this is the only

material used. Other kinds of plant fiber are used, however,

the variety probably being much more extensive than might be

supposed. The writer has seen Polistes gathering wood fiber

from telephone poles and fence posts, cortical tissue and bast

fibers from year-old dried stalks of Fceniculum vulgare, cortical

tissue from the dried stalks of wild oats and other grasses, and

the hairs forming the pubescence of Lupinus albifrons.

The last named plant, the white-fronted lupine, owes its spe-

cific name to the silvery white appearance produced by the dense

appressed pubescence covering all parts of the plant except the

flowers. On June 23 of this year a female Polistes aurifer

Sauss. was seen to alight on one of these plants in a garden near

Stanford University and begin scraping the hairs from the edge

of a leaflet. It worked in the manner characteristic of the spe-

cies, biting the material loose with its mandibles and walking

slowly backward at the same time. After a few seconds the

wasp moved to another leaf and scraped the hairs from the full

length of the petiole. Again it moved and scraped the edge of

a leaflet. Then it shaped its collection into a roundish mass and

flew away. An examination of the lupine after the wasp had

gone disclosed the fact that many of its leaves had been thus

scraped for building material.

A Monograph of Our Nabid^

A most valuable contribution to a knowledge of our North

American Hemiptera has just appeared as Nos. 1 and 2 of

Vol. IX of Entomologica Americana. It is a monographic study

of our North American Nabidae by H. M. Harris of Ames,

Iowa. It recognizes eight genera and forty-nine species, of

which nine are described as new, and two or three new varieties

are recognized. — E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1928] moulton — a new ankothrips

A NEW ANKOTHRIPS FROM COLORADO

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

San Francisco, California

Ankothrips vandykei Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Body color orange brown, with head and pro-

thorax somewhat lighter. Antennal segments one to three con-

colorous with head, four darker, five to nine dark brown. Legs

concolorous with head except the somewhat lighter joints. Wings

uniformly light brown, prominent body and wing spines dark brown.

Crescents of ocelli orange red.

Total body length (abdomen drawn in) 1.3 mm.; head, length

including anterior projection, .15 mm., width .216 mm.; prothorax,

length .166 mm.; width .30 mm.; mesothorax, width .38 mm.; meta-

thorax, width .33 mm.; fore wings, length 1.07 mm., width near

middle 15 mm. Segments of antennas: length (width) II, 75 (33);

III, 75 (27); IV, 63 (26); V, 57 (21); VI, 54 (21); VII, 27 (18);

VIII, 15 (12); IX, 27; total length 366 microns. Length of spines:

interocellars 30m, series of three behind eyes, inner 48-51m, median

30-36m, outer 45m, a single spine on posterior angle of prothorax

90m, row of spines along posterior margin 45-48m, longest spines on

ninth abdominal segment 142-150m, on tenth 129 microns.

Head transverse, 1.4 times wider than long including anterior pro-

jection which is almost rectangular in shape as in the species robustus

Crawford, except that in vandykei it is wider toward the tip and some-

what narrower at the base. Cheeks arched, interocellars and a series

of three spines behind each eye prominent. Eyes large occupying

approximately .5 the side of the head, strongly protruding in front,

facets of eyes large. Ocelli large. Antenna normal to the genus,

projection on segment two drawn out into a long angular point with

a distinct indentation on either side near tip, base of segment three

seated near the middle of segment two.

Prothorax almost twice as wide as long with a single prominent

spine on each posterior angle and a series of seven spines along pos-

terior margin on either side, subequal and about one-half as long as

the prominent spine on posterior angle. Mesothorax clearly wider

than metathorax. Legs normal with fore femora somewhat thick-

ened. Wings strong, all veins prominent including five cross-veins,

spines as follows: costa 37, fore vein 23, hind vein 23. Abdomen

normal to genus.

Type material: Female holotype and thirteen $ paratypes

taken from an unknown host plant on June 20, 1926, by Dr.

Edwin C. Van Dyke and named in his honor. All types in

author’s collection (Moulton, No. 1853).

Type locality: Manitou, Colorado.

92 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

This species is most closely related to Ankothrips rohustus,

Crawford, and A. csqualis, Moulton. The anterior projection

of the head is shaped nearly as in rohustus, without a distinct

emargination in front, and the second antennal segment is much

larger and drawn out farther from the base of the third seg-

ment, interocellar spines are 36/u, long as compared with 60/u,

in rohustus, and a series of spines behind the eyes are 45-48 /li

as compared with 57-60|u, in rohustus. A. cequalis, Moulton

has a distinct emargination near end of head projection, also

the second antennal joint is smaller, the indentations at the end

are smaller and prominent spines on the posterior angles of

the prothorax are 75 /li. A. vandykei has uniformly brown-

colored wings and the body color is much darker than in cequalis.

Great Basin Tent Caterpillar

During the summer of 1928 there was an extensive outbreak

of the Great Basin tent caterpillar, Malacosoma fragilis Stretch,

in the chaparral regions from Truckee north to the Klamath

Indian Reservation in Oregon, and most marked about Mount

Shasta and in Klamath County, Oregon. A similar outbreak

was reported in 1921, and another r.eported upon by me in 1914

(Month. Bull. Calif. State Comm, of Hort., Vol. Ill, No. 9

(September 1914), pp. 351-355), thus showing a periodicity

with a seven-year interval. Great outbreaks of the California

tortoise-shell butterfly, Aglais calif ornica Bdv., also occur in

the northern Sierras. One of these was recorded in 1913, and

another of considerable extent in 1926, Mr. Charles L. Steward

informing me that great numbers of these were to be found as

high up as 14,000 feet on Mount Shasta. By defoliating and

killing much of the Ceanothus or deer brush and other shrubs,

these two insects greatly increase the fire menace within their

territory. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

October, 1928] Chamberlin — ^buprestid^

REMARKS ON THE BUPRESTID^ (COLEOPTERA)

OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST REGION -

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW

SPECIES

BY W. J. CHAMBERLIN

Oregon State College, Corvallis

In preparing a monograph of the Buprestidae of the North

Pacific Coast region, some rather interesting data have been

accumulated and some apparently new species have been found.

Among the new forms several are represented by uniques and

these have been allowed to remain unnamed pending the capture

of additional material.

In the area extending from San Francisco Bay region to

Alaska and inland from one hundred to three hundred miles

there are found ninety-two species belonging to twelve genera.

Of these ninety-two species, forty-five work in coniferous trees,

thirty-six in deciduous trees or shrubs, and the hosts of thirteen

species are unknown. Only two species, Anthaxia ceneogaster

L. and G. and Melanophila acuminata DeG,, are known to attack

both conifers and hardwoods.

Comparatively few species are confined to a single host plant.

On the other hand a few attack a wide variety of plants. For

example, Chrysohothris mali Horn is recorded from forty-one

different hosts.

It seems strange that there is not a single representative of

the four-leaf mining genera, Brachys, Taphrocerus, Pachy-

schelus or Rhcchoscelis found in the entire region.

Genus Dicerca Esch.

There are five native species of this genus, two work in coni-

fers and three in broad leafed trees or shrubs. In addition to

the five native species D. lurida Fab, has been introduced and

apparently established, as several examples have been taken over

a period of years.

Genus Pcecilonota Esch.

The three representatives of this genus work in Populus or

Salix.

Genus Track ykele Mars.

Four species and one variety (T. juniperi) are found; all

work in conifers.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 2

Genus Buprestis Linn.

Of the twenty-four species, belonging to Buprestis, found in

America, North of Mexico, just one-half, twelve, occur in this

area.

The species of this genus are for the most part well known

and easily identified.

Buprestis langi Mann, has been variously considered as a

valid species, a subspecies, or a variety, founded primarily upon

the deeper and more densely punctured striae. The fact that

there are some eighteen synonyms suggests that there is a con-

siderable variation in size, color and other minor characters.

This species is separated with difficulty from B. fasciata Fab.

In a series of over one hundred specimens representing locali-

ties from British Columbia to southern California ; South Caro-

lina to Ontario and various localities between, the following

differences are noted :

B. langi Mann.

Western States

Form more elongate, narrower

in proportion to length. Uni-

formly larger: female, length 19

mm.; male, length 16 mm.

Color, female, light green,

rarely blue, without markings or

with two to four cream-colored

spots on apical half of wings,

spots without or with only faintly

evident black borders.

Male usually with six elytral

spots, middle two tending to

form a cross band; green, usu-

ally tinged with copper. Fovae

and irregularities at base of ely-

tra more pronounced, apices sinu-

ate, teeth less pronounced, often

lacking, at the lateral angle

which is rounded. Long in pro-

portion to width, last ventral

segment of abdomen variously

shaped but with more or less

pronounced teeth. Striae wider,

punctures large and quite con-

fluent.

B. fasciata Fab.

Eastern States

Form less elongate, wider in

proportion to length. Uniformly

smaller: female, length 14-17

mm.; male, length 10-15 mm.

Color, female, brilliant, dark

green with four to six tan-

colored spots, middle ones usu-

ally forming an almost complete

transverse band; spots with wide,

distinct black border.

Male similar to female {sexpla-

giata Lee. has first spot elongate,

extending to base of elytra).

Fovae absent or shallow, irregu-

larities less pronounced, apices

deeply sinuate, with prominent

lateral teeth. Last ventral

shorter, variously shaped, but

usually rounded laterally, with-

out teeth. Striae narrow, punc-

tures small and separated.

October, 1928] Chamberlin — buprestid^

B. maculativentris Say, B. rusticorum Kirby and B. subor-

nata Lee, seem to be somewhat confused. B. maculativentris

does not occur in this area and can at once be separated by the

presence of teeth or spines at the tips of the elytra.

Rusticorum and subornata are distinct species, the former

being confined to Douglas fir and Abies, while the latter is a

pine-breeding form.

B. nuttalli Kirby is apparently confined to the far north. It

is a small species and seldom found in collections. Many speci-

mens determined as nutalli are really consularis or cUternans.

The prominent sinuations just behind the humeral angle, so

pronounced in consularis, is entirely lacking in nuttalli. The

spots on the abdomen are more red than orange, and for the

few specimens seen (nine) are constantly being found near the

lateral margins and never in the middle of the segments. The

convex striae are almost entire and do not merge as in alternans.

The sides of the thorax are regularly arcuate without the basal

inflation of alternans.

Genus Melanophila Esch.

Of the fifteen species found in the United States, eight

inhabit the North Pacific region. Some species are very abun-

dant and at times kill considerable quantities of timber.

M. atropurpurea Say and M. acuminata DeG. are distinct spe-

cies. The elytra of the former terminate in a distinct spine,

while in the latter the tips of the elytra are acuminate but there

is no spine.

Genus Anthaxia Esch.

Anthaxia is represented in the North Pacific area by four

species one of which is new,

Anthaxia pseudotsugae W. J. Chamberlin, n. sp.

Body elongate, narrow, subcylindrical; elytra black with greenish

tinge, humeral margin green; pronotum dark bronze with green

borders; front brilliant to dark green; lateral margins of the thorax

slightly but very evenly arcuate, slightly narrower in front than at

the base, four-sevenths as long as broad, slightly narrower than the

elytra; clypeus with a deep emargination (fig, 1). Elytra parallel

for two-thirds their length, then gradually converging, tips rounded

and serrate, surface finely reticulate. Length 5.2 mm.; width 1.9 mm.

Last ventral segment of the female with a small semicircular

emargination, that of the male entire.

(To be continued)

THE PAN-PAGIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph. D., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

The Pacific Coast was well represented at the meetings of

the Fourth International Entomological Congress held at Ithaca

in August. That was undoubtedly the largest and most impor-

tant entomological meeting ever held. About three hundred

and fifty entomologists were in attendance, including a good

proportion of America’s most prominent workers in this branch

of science. The attendance of foreign entomologists was espe-

cially gratifying. Thirty-one foreign countries were repre-

sented, including among their delegates many we Americans

were most anxious to meet. The six days allotted to the meet-

ings were crowded with interesting programs and conferences.

But perhaps most valuable of all was the opportunity of per-

sonal contact among those interested in similar lines of research.

After the meetings at least two of the members of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences, Dr. F. E. Blaisdell and your

editor, were fortunate in being able individually to visit many

of the larger insect collections of the East. Dr. Blaisdell was

especially interested in the more valuable collections of Coleop-

tera, while our attention was directed more to the Hemiptera,

Lepidoptera and certain other features and problems of the

entomological museums. While a number of the collections

were larger than those at the California Academy of Sciences,

perhaps none was better equipped for the use of the student or

could compete with it in the two groups in which it is strongest.

These groups are the Coleoptera of western North America

and the Hemiptera of America, north of Mexico. In freedom

from fire hazard the collections of the California Academy of

Sciences are certainly aS well guarded as any visited. Space

will not allow of a fuller account at this time of the interesting

features of the museums inspected.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts. Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue. No. 41.

For Sale

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Vol. I (1st to 80th meetings). 1901 to 1921. 187 pages. $5.

Address: Mr. J. O. Martin, 2716 Derby Street,

Berkeley, California

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fall, Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the

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Diptera. 75 cents.

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and Alaska. 1928. 50 cents.

For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

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Vol. V

January, 1929

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HICKS, NEST OF BREMUS VOSNESENSKII 97

COCKERELL, SOME CALIFORNIAN PARASITIC BEES 101

VAN DYKE, TWO NEW SPECIES OF LISTRONOTUS 106

CHAMBERLIN, BUPRESTID^ OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST REGION (CONT.) 109

THOMPSON, ^GERIID^ OCCURRING IN OREGON 117

MOULTON, NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA 125

CHAMBERLIN AND FERRIS, ON LIPAROCEPHALUS AND ALLIED GENERA . . 137

EDITORIAL 144

San Francisco, California

1929

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. V, No. 3 January, 1929

NOTES ON A NEST OF BREMUS VOSNESENSKII

(RADOSZKOWSKI)^

BY CHARLES H. HICKS

University of California at Los Angeles

Professor H. A. Scullen^ reports the range of Bremus

vosnesenskii (Rad.) as extending from British Columbia to

southern California and states that it is by far the most common

species of bumblebee in the lower altitudes of western Oregon. -

Although it is a common bee in parts of its range, including

Los Angeles, there appears to be no record of its nesting habits.

During the summer of 1926 I had the good fortune to locate

a nest at Griffith Park, Los Angeles, and to study somewhat its

contents.

The nesting place was fbund June 15 near the foot of a high

hill among a rather dense growth of plants. Earlier in the

season the ground had been densely covered with grass, which

at the time the nest was taken was about a foot long, dry and

dead. The bees were flying rapidly in and out among the

plants and were losing themselves in the grass.

In an attempt to locate the nest the weeds were cut and the

grass pulled away. The change in the surroundings caused

the bees some trouble, for on returning they flew to one side,

where the general appearance of the plants was more nearly like

the appearance of their previous nest site. It would seem that

the position of the plants had been used by the bees to aid them

in reaching the hidden entrance to their nest and that a removal

of these landmarks had resulted in temporary confusion.

The bees were found to be entering a small hole in the

ground and an attempt was made to reach the nest ; first, by the

aid of a jackknife; second, with a trowel, and third, with a

shovel. This work was done on successive days and with much

labor in the hot sun. During this time many bees were caught

1 Kindly determined by Professor Theodore H. Prison.

2 H. A, Scullen. Bees belonging to the family Bremidse taken in

western Oregon, with notes. Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. IV, p. 73. 1927.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

on returning to or on leaving the nest; first, because I feared

they might sting me, and, second, because the total number of

the colony was desired.

It was while digging the nest that a very interesting fact was

noted: namely, that the bees made no attempt to sting. This

was the more remarkable since I was covered with perspiration

and the nesting area was violently disturbed on many occasions.

During all the time I worked near these bees not one displayed

an aggressive spirit. Many nests of bumblebees have been

taken in Ohio, Wisconsin and Colorado but B. vosnesenskii

here proved least savage of them all.

On the first day 156 workers and 2 young queens were

caught; the second day, 125 workers and 6 young queens; the

third day, 51 queens were taken and 22 counted which flew

away, 28 males taken and 25 counted which flew away; 33

workers taken and 10 flew away. Bees leaving the nest were

only counted on the third day and just at Or prior to the actual

nest taking. This allows for no possible duplication of numbers

as regards those leaving the nest. The total, then, which is

accurate as far as it goes, but which does not include a few

which may have been in the fields at the time the nest was

reached, gives 324 workers, 81 young queens and 53 males, a

grand total of 458 individuals composing the colony at this

season.

When the nest was reached only young males and queens

were found on the brood, with the exception of one worker

which had recently emerged. The evidence here all pointed to

the fact that almost without exception young males and queens

were being produced and had been emerging for some time

previously. Last on the brood and with no move to leave was

the old queen, mother of the colony, with much of the hair

worn from her head, thorax and abdomen and the remaining

light hairs yellowish or brown, no longer white and pretty as in

the young queens.

Males and sexually mature females were being produced here

by B. vosnesenskii at a time when the weather was still hot and

would continue to be so for a long time. But the dry season

was already beginning to show its effect upon the vegetation

and flowers were becoming increasingly fewer and fewer.' It

January, 1929] hicks — bremus vosnesenskii

is interesting that the production of males and females should

be- met with so early, a condition found in colder climates

usually much nearer the fall of the year.

The nest of cells and cocoons was found in the ground at

the end of a winding tunnel nearly six feet long and about

three feet beneath the surface. The very entrance to the nest

proper, where the brood was found, consisted of a tunnel with

a diameter a little larger than a half dollar. Cups consisting

largely of wax and containing honey were found on the upper

part of the nest, then young larvae with pollen about them, and

cocoons below. The nest was twelve inches long by four or

five inches wide at its greatest width, and from five to six

inches deep. About the entire upper surface and about the

sides of the brood, between it and the soil walls, was a thin,

nearly continuous covering of wax. Below, on the floor, was

some straw or dead grass blades and stalks. This was not very

abundant and did not appear to have been material from the

nest of a mouse.

Upon one mass of cocoons were four separate groups of

eggs. Each group consisted of from six to ten eggs, each

surrounded by pollen. The eggs were white, curved slightly

and a few millimeters in length.

The cocoons could easily be divided into two types based on

size, one quite a little larger than the other. The groups con-

sisted, however, of cocoons of nearly uniform size and appeared

to represent young from a given laying. The large cocoons

later produced queens while the smaller produced males or

drones. It would seem that at a given laying the female lays

either male-producing eggs or queen-producing eggs and does

not lay first one kind and then another in a given series.

Quite a little honey of a very sweet taste was found in the

nest, stored in the cells. It seemed that much of this had been

placed in old, remodeled cocoons of the bee. The bee on

emerging chews a jagged hole at the top or upper side of the

cocoon which is later trimmed nearly smooth and wax built

up along the edges. Some of these cells, when filled, were

completely sealed over with wax.

The nest was taken to my room and a record made of the bees

emerging on the dates from June 20 to June 28 inclusive.

They are in order as follows : One queen and 4 males ; 5 males ;

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

1 queen and 12 males; 1 queen and 1 male; 2 males; 2 queens

and 4 males; 2 males; 2 queens and one male, and one queen

and 2 males. Further records of this nature were not taken,

but the cocoons were saved and later opened. It was found

that no workers were contained in the cocoons, and as far as

it could be ascertained from the material at hand, only males

and queens were being produced at the time the nest was taken.

No insect parasites were found in this nest, although some

beetles were found in the tunnel leading to the nest. A careful

study of all the bees was made to see if a parasitic bee of the

genus Psithyrus would be found in the nest, but no evidence was

forthcoming. A comparison of the bees of the nest showed

that there was little variation among the individuals in regard

to the white markings on the head and abdomen. The greatest

variation was among the workers with respect to size, the males

and young queens respectively being quite uniform in this

regard.

The workers were examined and it was found that some had

been visiting at least two different kinds of plants in obtaining

pollen on one collecting trip. This was very evident on some

individuals by the two contrasting types of pollen on their legs.

The change from one type to another was, however, always

sudden and complete.

Further attempt has been made to locate nests of this bee,

but without success. Professor Scullen writes me that although

this species is found commonly in Oregon, he has not taken its

nest. More study of the sex ratios and the causes resulting in

the production of drones and queens should be made. Espe-

cially should a comparative study of these causes be made

between species found in a climate like that of southern Cali-

fornia and a climate with severe winters.

A Correction

Mr. W. Knaus of McPherson, Kansas, writes me that my

Cicindela arida (Pan-Pac. Ent., V, 65, 1928) of which I had

sent him specimens, is the same as his Cicindela denverensis

propinqua (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXX, 194, 1922). The type

locality of propinqua is Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada,

about twenty miles from the type locality of arida. — A. C. Davis.

January, 1929] cockerell — parasitic bees

101

SOME CALIFORNIAN PARASITIC BEES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

Triepeolus timberlakei Cockerell, n. sp.

Female (type). Length about 11 mm.; black, with pubescent

mairkings very pale ochreous, white on face, under side of thorax,

coxae, under side of abdomen and a large triangular patch at each

side of pygidial area; mandibles except apex, labrum and more than

apical half of clypeus red; scape dusky red, blackened above, third

antennal joint red and black, flagellum reddish beneath, with a spotted

effect; tubercles black, densely covered with hair; tegulae red; nerv-

ures and stigma black, wings dilute brownish beyond the nervures;

legs bright red; middle and hind spurs black; false pygidium and its

immediate vicinity red; eyes pale gray, slightly reddish in lower part,

lower part of front and upper part of face densely covered with

white hair; clypeus very minutely and densely punctured, the larger,

scattered punctures so feebly impressed as to be hardly visible; third

antennal joint shorter than fourth, fourth a little longer than fifth;

mesothorax and scutellum very densely rugoso-punctate, not shin-

ing; mesothorax with an ochreous marginal band at sides and pos-

teriorly, but none whatever anteriorly; disk with a pair of broad

parallel stripes, pointed at each end, not reaching anterior margin;

scutellum conspicuously bilobed, its posterior half densely covered

with hair; metathorax densely hairy with a very small basal bare

triangular area, its margins shining, and a dark central pit; pleura

covered all over with hair, but thinner on lower part; second cubital

cell very large, triangular (narrow above), receiving recurrent nervure

at middle; first tergite covered with hair, except a large transverse

band, rather narrowly rounded at ends, the apical hair band notched

in middle; second tergite with the antero-lateral extensions of hair-

band oblique, spear-head shaped, forming a very acute angle with the

band; bands on third and fourth segments conspicuously undulate

at sides; venter with first three segments largely covered with white

hair; fourth bare and black, with the apical margin reddened; fifth

with two red spots at middle of base, and apex red; fifth sternite

turned downward at end.

Female variety heterodoxus n. var. Labrum, clypeus and scape

black; third antennal joint red beneath, but the other flagellar joints

black with apical margin brownish; stripes on mesothorax reaching

anterior margin; lower part of pleura partly exposed, very densely

rugoso-punctate; transverse band on first tergite broader; false

pygidium blackish; apical margin of fourth sternite white with finer

pubescence; fifth with a red band across the middle, and base and

apex dark. Certainly only a variety, but distinct in several par-

ticulars.

Male. Length about 9.5 mm.; face densely covered with pure

white hair; clypeus and labrum black, mandibles with base or middle

102 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO.-3

red; antennae black, the flagellum obscurely reddened beneath; stripes

on mesothorax rather short, reaching margin, and area on each side

of them thinly hairy; pleura densely hairy all over; apical plate of

abdomen narrow, variably reddish; outstanding subapical fringe of

venter largely pallid.

Riverside, California, May 29 to June 28 (Timberlake).

The type female was at flowers of Gutierrezia sarothrcz, as also

were the males. The var, heterodoxus was at Chrysanthemum

segetum, June 28. The type was taken May 29, and the males

June 4 and 12. In the California fauna this is nearest to T,

callopus Ckll., but actually its closest affinity is with T. cyclurus

Ckll. from Colorado, It might be considered a race of cyclurus,

but the scape is distinctly longer than in that species, and the

pygidial area is not so round nor has it a margin of pale

tomentum. The type female differs also from the type of

cyclurus by the red apical part of clypeus, reddish scape, and

non-interrupted apical band of first tergite. Mr. Timberlake

states that this is the commonest Epeoline at Riverside.

Triepeolus lestes Cockerell

Riverside, California. Females at Gutierrezia sarothrce,

September 14 and 28 and at Helianthus annuus June 14; males

at G. sarothrce, September 6 and 9 (Timberlake), T. lestes

was based on a female from Glenwood Springs, Colorado.

The present females vary in length from about 9 to 11 mm.,

and only differ from the description in having the scutellum

quite strongly bilobed. I think there is no substantial differ-

ence. The species is also related to T. wyomingensis Ckll.,

T. rectangularis Ckll, and T. eldredi Ckll,, but sufficiently dis-

tinct from all these.

The male, not before known, is similar in size and appearance

to the female, but the mesothorax is beset with thin ochreous

hair, leaving an anchor-shaped black area. Thus the male runs

to T. amandus Ckll. in the table in Amer. Mus. Novitates,

No. 23. It is easily separated from T. amandus by the band on

sixth abdominal segment not clear white ; much darker tegulse ;

hair on inner side of hind tarsi bright ferruginous ; apical plate

black, rounded at end. These differences, however, are not very

radical, and it is possible that T. amandus is the true male of

T. lestes (in which case the name has priority of place) and

that the California T. lestes represents a separate subspecies.

January, 1929] cockerell— parasitic bees

103

In^ the present state of our knowledge, this can only be sug-

gested as a possibility,

Epeolus sarothrinus Cockerell, n. sp.

Female (type). Length 9-10 mm.; black, with the pubescent

markings dorsally very pale ochreous; ventrally, on face and sides of

fifth abdominal tergite, white; mandibles with the base broadly red;

labrum black with an obscure red spot at each side; clypeus entirely

black, glistening, very densely and minutely punctured, with scat-

tered large shallow punctures; sides of face densely covered with

white hair; first three antennal joints rich chestnut red, the basal

two-thirds of flagellum red beneath; fourth joint hardly longer than

third on upper side; no red on thorax; mesothorax with a band of

pale pubescence along posterior and lateral margins, not reaching

anterior margin; discal stripes sharply defined, narrowly fusiform

diverging anteriorly, not reaching anterior margin; scutellum bilobed;

area of metathorax large, bare and dull; lower part of mesopleura

with a bare patch; the pleura crossed by a very broad white band,

above which, below the tegulse, the pubescence is dull pale gray;

tegulae bright ferruginous; nervures black; part of wings beyond the

cells strongly brownish; second cubital cell narrow, triangular,

narrowed almost to a point above, receiving recurrent nervure beyond

middle; legs clear red, the middle and hind tibiae with an obscure

dusky spot on outer side; middle and hind spurs black; hair on inner

side of hind basitarsi orange; black area on first abdominal tergite

a transverse band, but very broad, with the lateral margins oblique;

basal hair-band of first tergite deeply notched, but not broken, apical

band rather broadly (varying to narrowly) interrupted; hair-band

on second tergite narrowly interrupted, on third and fourth entire;

lateral hair patches of second tergite strongly oblique, pointed,

making an acute angle with the band; fifth tergite with the minutely

punctured surface exposed in middle, but at sides densely covered

with white hair; false pygidium short, but poorly defined; venter

with broad white hair-bands.

Male. Similar to the female, but a little smaller, face covered with

snow-white hair; scape black, third joint red beneath, but flagellum

almost without red; pattern of thorax as in male, but discal stripes

narrower; basal hair-band of first tergite broadly interrupted, but

pattern of abdomen essentially as in female; band on sixth segment

white; apical plate large and dark.

Another male, assumed to be only a variant, has the discal marks

of mesothorax broad, sharply pointed posteriorly, and broadly con-

nected laterally with lateral bands, leaving an anchor-shaped black

area with a very thick stem, which broadens on anterior margin. It

also differs in having the anterior and hind femora with blackish

suffusion and the apical hair-bands on first and second tergites quite

entire. Also, the apical plate is less obtuse. It will be useful to

104 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

have a name for this marked variation and I will call it variety

confluens.

Riverside, California, at flowers of Gutierresia sarothrcB,

May 26 to July 6 (Timberlake). The type female and the male

confluens were taken on the same day. May 26. Mr. Timber-

lake says this is the commonest Epeolus at Riverside, and he

has taken nearly sixty specimens during the last four summers.

The female is extremely close to E. lectiformis Ckll. from

Colorado, but is more robust, with much thicker scape, and the

marking of mesothorax different. The apex of the abdomen

is black, while in lectiformis it is red. There is also evident

affinity with E. permixtus Ckll. from the Gulf of California,

which shows the same sexual difference in the color of the

antennae. I have before me a male co-type of E. permixtus

and it differs from E. sarothrinus by being distinctly larger and

more robust, the eyes much larger and very much darker, the

antennae stouter and the apical plate broader. Thus, although

the aspect is conspicuously different, it may later seem expedient

to treat the present insect as a northern race of E. permixtus.

Epeolus compactus Cresson

Black Canyon, Mohave Desert, California at flowers of

Ericameria paniculata, October 7, 1928 (Timberlake). One

of each sex sent. It agrees excellently with E. compactus from

Fedor, Texas.

Neolarra pruinosa Ashmead

Mr. Timberlake writes : “Taken at Whitewater, on Eriogo-

num. My Riverside specimens are slightly larger and have a

tendency for the second submarginal cell to be open by having

the second intercubitus incomplete or sometimes entirely lacking.

1 believe, however, that the specimens are all one species. You

will notice that the females are reddish on the abdomen and that

the males are dark. This is surely only a sexual character. In

my last letter I suggested that this species might be N. pruinosa

Ashmead. I think that Neolarra is parasitic on species of

Perdita.”

The female agrees very well with N. pruinosa from Glorieta,

N. M., and I can thus confirm Mr. Timberlake’s suggestion.

The males, with dark abdomen, would fall, according to my

key, with N. vittata Ckll. and N. alha Ckll., but they are distinct

January, 1929] cockerell — parasitic bees

105

from N. alba by the much more slender form and smaller head.

From N. vittata they are separated by being smaller and less

robust, but allowing for a moderate amount of variation, it is

conceivable that N. vittata should be sunk as the male of

N. pruinosa. My present bias is in favor of such a conclusion.

The variation in venation, mentioned by Mr. Timberlake tends

to break down the distinction between Neolarra and Philere-

mulus.

Oreopasites euphorbias Cockerell, n. sp.

Male (type). Length about 4 mm., not very robust; head and

thorax black, with appressed pure white tomentum, dense on face,

thorax anteriorly, posterior margin of mesothorax and most of

pleura; mandibles and labrum red; flagellum thick, red beneath;

disk of mesothorax shining; tegulse rufous; wings clear, nervures and

stigma fuscous; legs ferruginous; hind tibiae and tarsi covered with

silver-white hair on outer side; abdomen moderately shining, clear

ferruginous, with a little pale hair at sides of first segment and

portions of broad pure white hair-bands on the others, namely, a

large patch on each side of second, nearly the lateral third of band

on third, a rather narrowly interrupted band on fourth, and an entire

band on fifth. The above can be seen with an ordinary lens; the

following characters are microscopic: Mandibles simple; malar

space obsolete; scape short and curved; middle flagellar joints much

broader than long; mesothorax with scattered round punctures; basal

nervure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell receiving first recurrent

nervure about twice as far from base as second from apex; marginal

cell considerably shorter than the cubitals combined, its apex briefly

appendiculate; spurs finely and briefly pectinate; abdomen very

minutely punctured, hind margin of segments broadly pale golden.

The anterior femora are dark above, as in O. vanduzeei.

Male similar; apical plate of abdomen broadly rounded.

Riverside, California, September 9 and 12, 1927 (P. H.

Timberlake). It occurred on flowers of Euphorbia albomar-

ginata in company with Spinoliella euphorbice Ckll. on which it

is doubtless parasitic. It is the smallest Oreopasites, nearest to

O. vanduzeei Ckll., from which it is known by the small size

and more sparsely punctured mesothorax. Mr. Timberlake

had recognized it as new. So far, it appears that the different

species of Spinoliella have different Oreopasites parasites, but

in the case of Neolarra pruinosa the parasite appears to be more

widely distributed than any single host species which it can be

supposed to infest.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VOL. V, NO. 3

TWO NEW SPECIES OF LISTRONOTUS

(COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONID^)

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

An unnamed species of Listronotus taken in rice paddies has

recently been referred to me. Because this might prove to be

of some economic importance I am describing it now and with

it a second species which has long been in my collection.

Listronotus impressus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate-oblong; reddish brown, elytra often with black patches

oh the second and third intervals near the middle, sometimes

extending obliquely forwards and outwards, a small patch on the

second interval near the base, and a linear patch on the seventh

interval just posterior to the middle; clothed with golden or greenish

gold scales, those on the prothorax densely placed at the sides and

in a median line, those of the elytra most evident in the rather deep

impressions around the scutellum and to the inner side of the humeri

as well as in a shallower crescentic discal impression one-foUrth back

from the base, at the sides, and in a saddle-like area just anterior to

the apical declivity. Beak stout, broadly grooved above for its entire

length, the laterally bounding carinae well marked, also a weak

median carina near apex; a well marked fovea on the front between

the eyes; the scales of the head elongate; antennae with the funicle

moderately slender, third and following segments rounded, subequal,

second about twice as long as first. Prothorax perceptibly broader

than long, ocular lobes prominent, sides arcuate, slightly constricted

near apex, disk densely and rather coarsely punctured, the scales

slightly larger than those of the elytra. Elytra twice as long as

wide, feebly emarginate at base, sides parallel to near base, slightly

compressed in front of apex, striae fine, strial punctures small and

regular, intervals flat, setae sparse and short. Length, including

beak, 6.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Male with tips of elytra conjointly rounded and last ventral

segment truncate and slightly impressed at apex.

Female with tips of elytra separately acuminate and last ventral

segment truncate and impressed as in the male.

Holotype male, allotype female (Nos. 2506 and 2507 Mus.

Calif. Acad. Sci.) and several paratypes from a series of eleven

specimens collected by Mr. Hartford H. Keifer of the Cali-

fornia State Department of Agriculture, at Williams, Colusa

County, California, November 9, 1928, from rice paddies.

This species would run according to the LeConte^ and

1 The Rhynchophora of America, by John L. LeConte assisted by

Georg’e H. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV (December 1876), pp.

128-129.

January, 1929] van dyke — listronotus 107

Blatchley and Leng^ tables to the second group and close to

appendiculatus Boh. Superficially it looks much like some of

the larger specimens of this species, but it differs by being

more narrowed and pointed apically, has the prothorax broader

than long, the apices of the elytra in the female separately

acuminate, the scales of a somewhat uniform golden or golden

green color, the elytra shallowly though evidently impressed

about the scutellum, near the humeri and on the disk near the

base, the striae and strial punctures finer, and the setae far

less evident. From Listronotus floridensis Blatch., which it

approaches in size and resembles as regards the apices of the

female elytra, it differs by being narrower and less robust, more

flattened and with much finer elytral striae and strial punctures

and less evident setae.

Listronotus elegans Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel; piceous, upper part of head, prothorax and

elytra densely clothed with metallic scales, the underside of head,

afterbody and legs less densely covered, scales of the base of head,

pronotum and elytra golden brown except for two linear patches at

the sides of pronotum posteriorly, and most of the fourth, fifth and

sixth elytral intervals which are silvery green, the scales of beak,

legs and underside of body greenish. Beak robust, moderately

convex above, non-sulcate and without carinse except at times a

faint median one near apex, a well marked though small fovea on

the front between the eyes, the scales of head slightly elongate;

antennae with the funicle moderately slender, the third and following

segments rounded, subequal, second one and a half times as long as

first. Prothorax barely broader than long, ocular lobes but mod-

erately prominent, sides arcuate, slightly constricted near apex, disk

densely and coarsely though shallowly punctured, in fresh specimens

entirely concealed by the scales, the scales but very little larger than

those of the elytra. Elytra less than twice as long as broad, broadly

emarginate at base, sides parallel from rounded humeri to apical

fourth, thence broadly rounded to suture; striae and strial punctures

fine; intervals wide and flat; setae fine and short, though conspicuous

especially on apical declivity. Length, including beak, 6.5 mm.,

breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2508 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and one para-

type in my collection, taken near Sobre Vista, Sonoma County,

California, May 8, 1910, and April 30, 1910, by Mr. J. August

Kusche.

2 Rhynchophora or Weevils of Northeastern America, by W. S.

Blatchley and C. W. Leng, Indianapolis, 1916, pp. 157-158.

108 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

This very attractive species like the preceding belongs in

LeConte’s second group and should be placed somewhere near

Listronotus teretirostris Lee., the smaller specimens of which it

equals in size and also resembles in its robustness and general

parallel form. It differs from this in coloration, in lacking the

evident rostral carinae, in having a broader prothorax, the

elytral apices more suddenly and broadly rounded and the

elytral striae and strial punctures finer. I believe that there is

no marked difference between the sexes.

The Western Pine Beetle Attacks a New Host

Forest entomologists of late have felt confident that the

western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis Lee.) was

restricted in its attacks to the Pacific Slope form of western

yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa Dough) and Coulter pine (Pinus

coulteri Don.). Dr .Hopkins reported it (U. S. D. A. Bur. of

Ent. Bui. 83, Part I, 1909) as attacking sugar pine (Pinus

lambertiana Dough), but the authenticity of this record for

many years has been in doubt.

Recently, however, this beetle was found by the writer vigor-

ously attacking living lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta mur-

rayana Engelm.) near Bly in Klamath County, Oregon.

Extensive galleries had been formed by the parent adults ; eggs

had been laid and larvae had developed. Other trees were found

in which the previous generation had reared their broods and

the latter had emerged. These trees were attacked on areas

where many of the adjacent yellow pines were being killed by

these beetles, and the attacks on the lodgepole pines represented

the overflow.

While this record indicates that the western pine beetle is

quite capable of attacking and killing lodgepole pines, no

immediate anxiety need be felt that it will become a serious

enemy to this pine, already oversupplied with destructive insect

pests. Western yellow pine is still the preferred host, and

attacks on lodgepole represent the abnormal or unusual con-

dition.

This is just another illustration of the adaptability of insect

life, and a warning not to attempt to lay down hard and fast

rules of conduct for any insect species. — F. P. Keen.

January, 1929] Chamberlin — buprestid^

109

REMARKS OF THE BUPRESTID^ (COLEOPTERA)

OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST REGION

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW

SPECIES

BY W. J. CHAMBERLIN

Oregon State College, Corvallis

(Continued from page 95)

Anthaxia pseudotsug^ (Continued).

The whole upper surface is faintly reticulate and sparsely

clothed with very short microscopic hairs.

The species somewhat resembles deleta and suhlcsvis, but the

disc of the thorax lacks the lateral depressions and has the mar-

gins distinctly reflexed at the posterior angles. It also differs

from all western species in the thorax, having the margins

almost parallel and in the very distinct shape of the clypeal

emargination.

The type was collected near Ashland, Oregon, several years

ago. Other specimens examined include a number in the collec-

tion of Dr. H. E. Burke at Stanford University and there is

a large series in the California Academy of Science, received

by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke from Arizona. Burke’s material

includes specimens reared from Douglas fir collected at Scott’s

Valley and Santa Cruz, California, and at Bright Angle Camp,

Grand Canyon, Arizona.

Type in the author’s collection. Paratypes in the collection

of Dr. Burke and of the California Academy of Sciences.

Our western forms may be differentiated by the following

key :

1. Form broad and depressed; elytra roughly granulate

(sneogaster L. and G.

— . Form more elongate and subcylindrical; elytra not roughly

granulate 2

2. Thorax not as wide as elytra, widest at the middle; disc with-

out lateral depressions; margins of thorax distinctly reflexed

at the posterior angles pseudotsugce n. sp.

— . Thorax slightly wider than the elytra, widest in front of

middle; disc with a depression at each side; margins of

thorax not distinctly reflexed 3

3. Front coarsely granulate; inner margins of the eyes much more

approximate at the apex than at the base deleta Lee.

— . Front finely granulate, almost smooth; inner margins of the

eyes parallel sublavis V. D.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST ■ [vOL. V, NO. 3

Genus ChalcophOra Sol.

C. dngulicollis Lee. is the only representative of this genus

in the Northwest.

Genus Chrysobothris Esch.

There are twenty-five species of Chrysobothris found along

the Pacific Coast north of San Francisco Bay. One of these is

here described as new. Two other species are reported from

the area, but it is doubtful if they actually inhabit this region.

One C. ludificata Horn has been reported as occurring in

northern California. I have received specimens labeled C. ludi-

ficata, but they have proven to be other species. Ludificata

differs from all other species of the genus found here in having

the apical segments of the antennae broader than the fourth

segment.

C. quadrilineata Lee. is said to have been taken from a root

of lodgepole pine in the Sierra National Forest, but there is

some question regarding this record, so the species is not listed

from this region.

Chrysobothris burkei W. J. Chamberlin, n. sp.

Of the general appearance of contigua, slightly smaller and

with a more coppery appearance.

Front densely punctate, more coarsely toward vertex, with numer-

ous smaller irregular elevated spaces presenting a somewhat rough-

ened appearance. Vertex with median line which has a tendency to

terminate in two branches forming a Y; clypeus acutely notched in

male, sides more rounded in female (fig. 2 a. b.). Pronotum with

numerous lasvigated areas, otherwise coarsely, densely, confluently

punctate. Elytra with numerous raised areas which are almost black,

smooth and quite devoid of punctures, first costal prominent and

entire, elytra otherwise densely punctate more coarsely at the sides.

Apices separately rounded, serrate. Abdominal stermites much

flattened.

Female with a broad, deep, semicircular emargination in the last

ventral segment; front coppery; prosternum pubescent.

The species resembles both contigua and cuprescens, but is

larger than the latter and smaller than the former, length 6.5 to

9.5 mm.

The female differs from cuprescens in the shape of the

emargination of last ventral segment, by its larger size and

much more roughened pronotum. From contigua it differs by

January, 1929] Chamberlin — buprestid^

111

.the more numerous, strongly elevated areas of pronotum ; serra-

tions of elytra more numerous and spine-like.

The depressed abdominal segments contrast markedly with

contigua in which they are prominently rounded. In burkei the

lateral abdominal callosities are larger, more elevated, and

darker.

The male is abundantly distinct by the very large tooth quite

close to the end of the tibia (fig. 3).

Described from a series of thirteen specimens (seven males,

six females), reared from Jeffery pine, collected at Big Basin,

San Mateo County, California, by Dr. H. E. Burke in whose

honor I am very glad to name the species. Type in the collec-

tion of the author.

C. scabripennis was described in Volume II, p. 53, of Laporte

and Gory’s monograph, published in 1838. C. proxima de-

scribed by Kirby in 1837 is apparently the same species and

has priority. Proxima, ordinarily considered as an eastern spe-

cies, ranges across Canada into British Columbia, Yukon and

Alaska and south into Washington and Oregon.

Genus Acm^odera Esch.

Fall (1899, p. 3) states that “variegata extends its range into

eastern Oregon. All other species hail from the territory em-

braced by the following states or territories : Texas, New

Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California.”

Since Fall wrote his paper in 1899 the Northwest has been

more thoroughly collected, and at present two species are known

to occur in British Columbia, three in Washington, and five as

far north as Oregon. Thes,e represent six different species while

a seventh has been reported. No less than sixteen species have

been taken north of San Francisco Bay in the territory covered

in this paper.

Two rather interesting notes on distribution of Acmaeodera

have been gathered in preparing the monograph of the north-

western buprestids : Mr. Ralph Hopping reports taking A. quad-

rivittata at Lorna, British Columbia. Mr. M. C. Lane collected

three specimens of A. bishopmta Fall at Adrian, Oregon,

May 28. This species was previously known only from the

desert region of southern California.

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, Na. 3

After examining large series of the various species of this

area I am inclined to believ.e that A. nexa Fall is no more than

a variety of angelica Fall. The two species are found in the

same hosts and the apical crest seems too variable to be of

specific value.

A. connexa L>ec. and A. labyrinthica Fall seem to represent

but one variable species.

Genus Chrysophana Lec.

C. placida, Lee,, the only species of the genus, is quite

common in our area and is remarkable for the fact that it works

in the cones of various pines and also attacks finished lumber.

Dr. Obenberger recently described one of the color phases

as C, ccerulans. If color phases are to bear names there are at

least four more to be named: (a) Entirely brassy green species.

(b) Pale blue with brassy stripes, (c) Thorax blue green;

elytra coppery except a narrow border of green, (d) Thorax

bright green; elytra dull green with dark purple stripes.

Gienus Polycesta Sober.

P. calif arnica is the sole representative of this genus in the-

Northwest. It has no less than twenty-six different host plants.

Genus Agrilus Steph.

This genus is poorly represented in this area, there being only

nine species found. Two of these are described below.

None of the species frequent or br,eed in coniferous trees, but

some cause considerable damage to broad-leafed trees and

shrubs.

Agrilus trichocarpae W. J. Chamberlin, n. sp.

Head and thorax olive green sometimes slightly brassy; elytra

coppery with two spots of golden pubescene lying one-third and two-

thirds the distance from base. Tips of elytra angulated and very

prominently toothed. Head, without median impression, thickly

clothed with short, straw-colored pubescence; thorax less so. Pro^

notum with median depression, interrupted near middle, with a very

prominent carina near lateral posterior angles; surface strigose. Lat-

eral margins sinuate widest in front of middle, constricted in basal

third, base slightly narrower than apex. Thorax two-thirds as long

as broad. Elytra sinuate behind the humeri broadening slightly one-

third from base. No costae, surface coarsely, very shallowly punctate.

Prosternum with a prominent, strongly reflexed lobe with shallow,

wide emargination at center. Beneath uniformly olive green, quite

thickly clothed with silvery hairs especially on the sternum. Length

January, 1929] Chamberlin — buprestid^

113

7.5 mm. to 9 mm. Abdominal segment sparsely uniformly covered

with fine punctations.

This species resembles niveiventris and nevadensis and is

doubtless confused with these in collections.

It differs by its larger size, in having the lobe of the anterior

margin very strongly reflexed and in having a much mor,e defi-

nite emargination at the middle. The transverse sulcus at the

base of the lobe is very deep and prominent and extends to tfie

lateral margins. The venter is much less densely clothed with

scale-like hairs than in the typical niveiventris. The first and

second abdominal segments are both grooved in the male;

convex and smooth in the female.

Type locality : Oakridge, Oregon.

This species is widely distributed and apparently not rarie. It

is known from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and

California as far south as Fresno. Type in collection of the

author.

Life history and habits : Eggs are deposited on cottonwood in

May and June; the larvae mine the cambium and bark, excavat-

ing long winding tunnels which cross and r.ecross many times ;

pupation takes place in the bark. The known hosts are Populus

trichocarpa and P. nigraitalica.

Agrilus manzanitae W J. Chamberlin, n. sp.

Form very robust, similar to angelicus but larger. Head promi-

nently convex with pronounced median depression, slightly strigose.

Thorax carmine-like, disc imbricated, not strigose, without median

depression, wider than long, apex wider than base, lateral margin

uniformly and evenly arcuate in anterior three-fourths, narrowed and

nearly paralleled at posterior quarter; carina distinct but not promi-

nent. Elytra bronze to purplish bronze, prominently imbricated, lat-

eral margins slightly sinuate, apices separately and broadly rounded,

finely serrulate, basal fovse large, moderately deep. Length 7 to 8

mm. Body beneath brassy; sparsely, finely pubescent. Prosternal

lobe so strongly reflexed as to be nearly at right angles to the

prosternum with a wide, shallow emargination in front.

Type locality: Ashland, Oregon.

This species has been separated out as new for some time,

but has remained undescribed. It is probably not rare and is

quite widely distributed in the chaparral regions where its prin-

cipal host, manzanita, is common. Type in collection of the

author. -

114 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

Life history and habits : The .eggs are deposited singly and

covered with a glue-like substance, on the smooth bark of man-

zanita, either branches or trunk. They are flattened, opaque

white when first deposited, turning black in a few days. The

larvae leave the egg through the bottom and bore a short distance

in the bark, then live for a time in the cambium and finally

enter the wood. On small branches the new mine is transverse

and often causes a gall-like swelling on the living twigs. Two

years are required for the life cycle.

Hosts: Arctostaphylos manzanita, A. glauca, A. tomentosa,

A. viscida and Arburus menziesii.

Distribution: Southern Oregon, northern and central Cali-

fornia.

Fig. 2. Clypeus of Chrysobothris burkei n. sp.

a. female; b. male

Fig. 3. Portion of front leg of male C. burkei

Fig. 4. Portion of front leg of male C. contigua

Fig. 5. Portion of front leg of male C. cuprescens

List of the genera and species of Buprestidae found in the

North Pacific Coast region:

I. Genus Dicerca Esch.

1. lurida Fab. 4. tenebrosa Kirby

2. horni Crotch 5. pectorosa Lee.

3. sexualis Crotch 6. prolongata Lee.

II. Genus Pcecilonota Esch.

7. californica Chamberlin 9. fraseri Chamberlin

8. montanus Chamberlin

III. Genus Trachykele Mars.

10. opulenta Fall 12. nimbosa Fall

11. blondeli Mars. 13. hartmani Burke

a. juniperi Burke

January, 1929] Chamberlin — buprestid^

115

14.

15.

16.

17.

22 .

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

IV. Genus Melanophila Esch.

gentilis Lee.

miranda Lee.

drummondi Kirby

intrusa Horn

18. atropurpurea Say

19. aeuminata DeGeer

20. eonsputa Lee.

21. ealiforniea Van Dyke

V. Genus Buprestis Linn.

aurulenta Linn,

eonnexa Horn

adjeeta Lee.

langi Mann,

subornata Lee.

rustieorum Kirby

28. eonfluens Say

29. laeviventris Lee.

30. nuttalli Kirby

31. alternans Kirby

32. viridisuturalis N. and W.

33. gibbsi Lee.

VI. Genus Anthaxia Esch.

34. asneogaster L. and G. 36. sublsevis Van Dyke

35. deleta Lee. 37. pseudotsugae Chamb.

VII. Genus Chalcophora Sol.

38. angulieollis Lee.

VIII. Genus Chrysobothris Esch.

39.

femorata Fab.

52.

juniperinus Chamb.

40.

eontigua Lee.

53.

breviloba Fall

41.

burkei Chamb.

54.

montieolse Fall

42.

lilaeeous Chamb.

55.

mali Horn

43.

viridieyanea Horn

56.

nixa Horn

44.

dolata Horn

57.

eyanella Horn

45.

dentipes Germ.

58.

prasina Horn

46.

earinipennis Lee.

59.

ludifieata Horn

47.

pseudotsugae Van Dyke

60.

falli Van Dyke

48.

ealiforniea Lee.

61.

trinervia Kirby

49.

larieis Van Dyke

62.

proxima Kirby

50.

sylvania Fall

63.

pubeseens Fall

51.

eaurina Horn

64.

deleta Lee.

IX. Genus Acm^odera Esch.

65.

quadrivittata Horn

74.

prorsa Fall

66.

gemina Horn

75.

dolorosa Fall

67.

plagiatieauda Horn

76.

variegata Lee.

68.

hepburni Lee.

77.

sinuata Van Dyke

69.

angeliea Fall

a. sexnotata Van

70.

nexa Fall

78.

eonnexa Lee.

71.

mariposa Horn

79.

bisehopiana Fall

72.

dohrni Horn

80.

aeuta Lee.

73.

vandykei Fall

81.

labyrinthica Fall

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

X. Genus Chrysophana Lee.

82. placida Lee.

XI. Genus Polycesta Solier.

83. californica Lee.

XII. Genus Agrilus Stephens

84. walsinghami Croteh

85. vittatieollis Rand.

86. triehoearpse Chamb.

87. niveiventris Horn

88. anxius Gory

89. politus Say

90. burkei Fisher

91. manzanitse Chamb.

92. angelieus Horn

Diabrotica balteata again

Diabrotica balteata Lee. was eolleeted by Mr. Warwiek Bene-

diet and myself at Yuma, Arizona, on April 3, 1924, and at

Calipatria, California, on April 4, 1924, from alfalfa.

I took it again on peppers ( Capsicum annuum) in the Mission

Valley, San Diego, California, on September 22, 1927. There

was no apparent damage being done, although the beetles were

quite numerous. Speeimens were sent to the U. S. Department

of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, for identification.

In a letter dated April 18, 1928, Mr. W. H. White, Associate

Entomologist, says in part :

“There is one very interesting species occurrence here in

that we note that Diabrotica balteata was collected at San

Diego, California. This is the first record I know of of this

insect being found in California. I have been through some of

the literature and have not been able to find this insect as

recorded any farther west than Arizona.”

Within a day or so after the receipt of this letter, the above

two records were sent in to the Insect Pest Survey of the

Bureau of Entomology, and the information will be found in

their files. — A. C. Davis.

January, 1929] Thompson — Oregon ^geriid^

117

MOTHS OF THE FAMILY ^GERIID^ OCCURRING

IN OREGON, WITH NOTES

BY B. G. THOMPSON

Assistant Entomologist, Oregon Experiment Station

The object of this paper is to place on record the results of the

writer’s collecting in this group for the past ten years. Refer-

ence is made to recent publications on species occurring in

Oregon as well as to original descriptions of the species known

to occur in the state. The host plants are also given, when

known. Twenty species of this family are recorded as occurring

in Oregon. Of these, the writer has collected seventeen species.

Many of the species occurring in the state are pests of major

importance. The western peach and prune root borer, so prev-

alent and so destructive to our peach and prune plantings in

Oregon, belongs to this group, as does also the loganberry

crown borer, an insect very injurious to brambles; the straw-

berry crown borer, a major pest of strawberries, and many

other important pests of the forest and orchard. The very fact

that the larvae of all the species occurring in Oregon are internal

plant -feeders ranks them as potential pests of major importance.

1. Bembecia marginata Harris^

Harris, 1839, Am. Journal Arts & Sciences, vol. XXXVI :309.

A. L. Lovett, 1921, 3rd Crop Pest Kept., Oregon, pages 119-20.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort., 19th Bienn.

Rept., page 127.

This species is common throughout the Willamette Valley.

The larvae work in the roots and crowns of blackberry and

loganberry.

The writer has collected a large series of specimens from the

'following localities : Junction City, Molalla, Lacomb, Beaver-

ton, Forest Grove, Albany, Corvallis and Shedd. The adults are

present during August and September.

2. Aegeria tibialis Harris

Harris, 1839, Am. Journal Arts & Sciences, vol. XXXVI :306.

B., G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

page 128.

This species is common throughout the state. The larvae work

in poplar.

1 Species arranged according to Barnes and McDunnough’s Check List

of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America.

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 3

Corvallis VI-30-’18, ^ , 2 $ $ (B. G. T.) ; Bums V-25^’19,

^ and 9 (B. G. T.) ; Pendleton VIM-’19 9 (B. G. T.).

3. Synanthedon opalescens Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:199.

Lathrop and Black, 1921, 3rd Crop Pest Kept., Oregon, pages 59-70.

Don C. Mote, 1923, Ore. Agric. College & Expt. Station, Cir. 50.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

pages 133-135.

This species is quite common throughout Oregon and is very

destructive to peaches and prunes. It has been reported as

doing damage in the following localities : Salem, McMinnville,

Goshen, Newherg, Dixonyille, Roseburg, The Dalles, Yoncalla,

Dallas, Yamhill, Estacada, Silverton, Tolo, Oakland, Eugene,

Crabtree, Freewater, Marion, Portland, Turner, Umpqua,

Dundee, Rex, Macleay, Shaw, Days Creek, Sheridan, Suther-

land, Scotts Mills, Monmouth, Albany, Cleveland, Carlton,

Myrtle Creek, Riddle, Rickreall, Gervais, Reston, Lebanon,

Dayton, Medford, Forest Grove, Independence, Gaston, Kel-

logg, Corvallis, Mosier, Aumsville, Amity, Beaverton, Creswell,

Springfield, Dufur, Willamina, Hillsboro, Jefferson, Worden,

Laurel, Oregon City, Looking Glass, Ruckles, Astoria, Suver

and Monroe.

4. Synanthedon rileyana Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:187.

Beutenmuller, 1898, Memoirs Am. Mus. of Nat. Hist., vol. VI:280.

Beutenmuller reports this species as occurring in Oregon.

5. Synanthedon gr.®fi Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:183.

Rather rare in the state. The writer has collected it in two

localities, one in an old abandoned prune orchard, the other on

cherries grafted on Mahaleb root stock.

Corvallis, VI-20-T8, 2 9 9 (B. G. T.) ; Lebanon, VI-l-'25,

2 9 9 (B. G.T.).

6. Synanthedon bibionipennis Bosid. (S. rutilans)

Bosiduval, 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. XII :64.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:186.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Bd. of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept,

page 129.

G. P. Engelhardt, 1928, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. XXIII :67.

January, 1929] Thompson — Oregon ^egeriid^

119

This species is quite destructive to strawberries. The larvae

bore within the crowns and main tap roots. According to the

records of the Oregon Experiment Station it has been reported

as doing damage to strawberries in the following localities:

Roseburg, Oakland, Hood River, Ballston, Monmouth, Mil-

waukie, Brownsville, Cottage Grove, Freewater, Hillsboro,

Davidson, Melrose, Canby, Edenbower, Portland, Corvallis,

Forest Grove, Lebanon, Sherwood, Silverton, Woodburn, Scio,

Rickreall, Rex, Newberg, Pendleton, Albany, Oregon City,

Junction City, Salem, Orenco, Springbrook, Hullt, Hillsdale,

Dorena, Dayton, Creswell, Warren, Sutherlin, Lorane, Dallas,

Turner, Reedsport, Eagle Creek, Stanfield, Sheridan, Talent,

Lyons and Beaverton.

7. Synanthedon neglecta Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:197.

A species rather hard to separate from S. hibionipennis. The

adults appear somewhat later than S', hibionipennis. The writer

has observed the adults depositing eggs on blackberry.

Corvallis, July 14 to August 30, 1927, 200 specimens $ S and

$ $ (B.G.T.).

8. Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck

Clerck, 1759, leones Insect. Rariorum, pi. IV, fig. 1.

Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Suecia, page 289.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

page 130.

One of the most common and most cosmopolitan species,

occurring pretty generally throughout the world. The larvae

of this species work in the canes of currents and gooseberries.

Albany, V 1-T6, 10 $ $ and $ $ (B. G. T.) ; Corvallis,

V-10-T8, 2 ^ ^ and3 $ $ (B. G. T.).

9. Synanthedon novaroensis Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:199.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn.

Rept., page 131.

This species is common at Corvallis working in Douglas fir

and Norway spruce.

Corvallis, VH-4-T6, 2 $ $ (B. G. T.); Corvallis,

VH-13-T6, S (B. G. T.) ; Eugene, VI-15-T8, 2 ^ ^ and $

(B. G. T.).

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

10. Synanthedon saxifrage Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:190.

We have seen but one specimen of this species taken in the

state. It was collected at Forest Grove.

Forest Grove, VI-6-’18, $ (M. C. Lane).

11. Synanthedon albicornis Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:201.

The larvae of this species work in willows.

Corvallis, VII-15-T8, 2 $ 2 (B. G. T.) ; Forest Grove,

VI-30-20, 2 (B. G. T.); Ten Mile, VII-l-’26, 2 (E. McKin-

ney).

12. Synanthedon Americana Beut.

Beutenmuller, 1894, Bull. Am. Museum Nat. History, vol. VI:93.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

page 132.

The larvae work in the cambium and heart wood of alder.

Bend, V-20-T9, S S S and 4 2 2 (B. G. T.) ; Tumalo,

V- 25-T9, 2 (B. G. T.).

13. Synanthedon tacoma Beut.

Beutenmuller, 1898, Jour. New York Ent. Society, vol. VI:240.

G. P. Engelhardt, 1924, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. XIX:125.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

page 131.

Occurs in Oregon at high altitudes. Engelhardt found evi-

dence of the work of the larvae of this species in a plant so far

determined only as Polygonum sp.

Mt. Hood, IX-5-T7, 2 ^ 2 (F. H. Lathrop) ; Crater

Lake, VHI-22-’21, 3 2 2 (A. L. Lovett) ; Crater Lake,

VI- 30-’26, 100 specimens $ B and 2 2 (B. G. T.).

14. Synanthedon fragari^ Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:202.

G. P. Engelhardt, 1924, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. XIX:126.

This species is not common in Oregon.

Siskiyou, VH-29-’21, 2 (B. G. T.) ; Engelhardt reports

taking one 2 at Kirk, Oregon, VHI-5-’23.

15. Synanthedon behrensii Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1882, Papilio, vol. 11:123.

This species is uncommon in Oregon.

Siskiyou, VH-29-’21, 2 (B. G. T.).

January, 1929] Thompson — Oregon ^geriid^

121

16. Vespimina sequoia Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:181.

The larvae of this species attack pine of various species,

especially Pinus ponderosus and P. lambertiana.

La Grande, VII-15-T8, 2 $ $ and $ (B. G. T.) ; Ashland,

VII-10-’27, 5 and $ (H. A. Scullen) ; Corvallis, VII-26-T8,

2 S $ and 1 2 (B. G. T.) ; Bend, VII-1-T8, 10 ^ ^ and

3 2 2 (B. G. T.).

17. Melittia gloriosa Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1880, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 111:71.

G. P. Engelhardt, 1924, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. XIX:125.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

page 126.

This is the largest and most beautiful species of the family

occurring in Oregon. The larvae work in the large woody

roots of “man in the ground,” Echinocystis oregona. In Ore-

gon it is recorded only from Corvallis.

Corvallis, VII-27-’23, 2^^329 (B. G. T.) ; VII-15-’25,

2 S 5,2 2 2 (B. G. T.);VII-l-to-VIII-10-’26, 25 5 5 and

2 $ (B. G. T.) ; July 1 to August 30, 1926, 100 5 5 and 2 2

(B. G. T.).

18. Memythus pyramidalis Wlk.

Walker 1856, Cat. Lep. Brit. Museum, Pt. VIII :40.

Hy. Edwards, 1881, Papilio, vol. 1:206.

This species in all its forms has been taken by the writer at

Corvallis. The larvae work in the roots of “fireweed” Epilo-

bium an gusti folium.

Corvallis, VI-6-’26, 20 5 5 and 2 2 (B. G. T.) ; Forest

Grove, VI-5-T8, 1 2 (M. C. Lane); Rainier, VI-1-T9, 1 2

(A. L. Lovett) ; Alsea, VII-22-’28 2 (B. G. T.).

19. Paranthrene robini^ Hy. Edw.

Hy. Edwards, 1880, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 111:72.

B. G. Thompson, 1927, Ore. State Board of Hort. 19th Bienn. Rept.,

pages 135-136.

Larvae of this species work in various willows and poplars.

Pendleton, IX-1-T9 2 (B. G. T.) ; Burns, V-25-T9, 50

specimens 5 5 and 2 2 (B. G. T.) ; Corvallis, VI-l-’26, 2

2 2 (B. G. T.).

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3^

20. Paranthrene perlucida Busck

Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. of Washington, vol. XVII :80.

But one specimen of this species has been collected in the

state.

McKenzie Pass, VI-10-’26 $ (G. R. McGinnis).

Occurrence of the European Walnut Aphis in Oregon

The dusky-veined walnut aphis, ^ Callipterus juglandis Frisch,

not heretofore recorded as occurring in the United States, was

found to be doing damage to walnuts in the central Willamette

Valley last summer (1928). Between two and three thousand

acres of walnuts were affected. The infestation centered around

Dundee and the section north of McMinnville.

This aphis is much larger than the ordinary walnut aphis,

Chromaphis juglandicola Kalt. Unlike the ordinary walnut

aphis, it works entirely on the upper surface of the leaves. As

many as fifty aphids were found on a leaf, located in a double

row along the mid-rib and facing the stem end. The mid-ribs of

the infested leaves were blackened and shrivelled. The leaves

had a sickly appearance and were blotched with yellow.

The first control measures were applied on July 20, 1928,

and on this date the wingless forms were the most numerous,

but few winged forms being observed. A two per cent nicotine

dust thoroughly applied between midnight and 8 :00 a. m. gave

excellent control. This treatment was applied by most of the

growers in the infested area. Dust applied during the day was

ineffective, due to windy conditions. — B. G. Thompson.

Note on Anotia fitchi Van D.

A recent and valuable paper by Dr. E, D, Ball on our North

American Derbidae (Can. Ent. LX, 196, 1928) calls for a com-

ment or two. Dr. Ball is undoubtedly correct in placing my

Amalopota fitchi in genus Anotia, but he as certainly is in error

in placing it as a synonym of Anotia venustula Fowler. In color

markings it is quite distinct, and there seems to be a little differ-

ence in the shape of the wings and there are other structural

characters. I believe these species should be considered as dis-

tinct, but, if finally united, the name fitchi has priority. — E. P.

Van Duzee.

1 Determined by Dr. P. W. Mason of the United States Bureau of

Entomology.

January, 1929] van duzee — book review

123

A New Book on Systematic Entomology *

In a work of 169 pages Professor Ferris has given us a very

useful and really much needed treatise on the general principles

of systematic biology, as practically all the principles here

treated are as applicable to one branch of biological research

as to another. After considering the more general principles

the author gives us chapters on the segregation of species,

on insect morphology in its relation to systematic entomology,

on the preparation of material (for the microscope), entomo-

logical drafting, description of species, classification and

nomenclature.

The first chapter, on The Contribution of the Systematist to

Biology, should be read by those, especially those among our

economic entomologists and their sponsors, who look upon

the description and classification of our insects as of little

practical value and worthy of small if any remuneration, for-

getting that systematic entomology is the foundation upon

which all applied entomology is built. The chapter on The

Principles of Systematic Entomology has a critical tone that

is somewhat depressing. It may be summed up in a short quo-

tation. Where the descriptive work of the past is under con-

sideration he says “The best has been good, the average has

been bad, the worst has been worthless or even actually harm-

ful.” Sad to say there is some truth in this criticism. The worst

undoubtedly is worthless or worse, but the average certainly has

not been bad, and we can only hope that future work may be as

good. In evaluating the work of others one reflects the litera-

ture of the group in which he works. Had our author been

working in other groups of the Hemiptera, with such masters

of systematics as StM and Reuter his reaction undoubtedly

would have been modified.

The introductory paragraphs on “Entomological Drafting”

discuss the important and just now very pertinent question of

how long and detailed a description should be. Certain recent

systematists have gone into details until they practically have

described the individual and not the species. Such a detailed

description is very difficult to use. The ideal description will

• Ferris, G. F. The Principles of Systematic Entomology. Stanford

University Publications. University Series. Biological Sciences. Vol. V,

No. 3, 1928.

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 3

omit all characters common to the family and the genus, as well

as characters that are purely individual. To prepare such a

description one must know his group, and probably nine times

out of ten it is the describer’s ignorance of the group and its

literature that sends future students hundreds of miles to

examine the type. Every description should also include a

comparison with one or more allied species, preferably the best

known allied species. Such a comparison may or may not be

“passing the buck,” as one of our recent writers terms it.

Until a fauna is sufficiently known to allow of monographic

treatment a beginner cannot expect to be able to determine an

isolated specimen from scattered descriptions, in certain of the

difficult groups. Faunal manuals and monographs and up-to-

date catalogues are rapidly simplifying the work of our student

of insects.

Professor Ferris’ insistence on the necessity of illustration

seems to me again to reflect the peculiarities of the groups in

v/hich he has done much of his work. There are many other

groups where illustrations, while desirable, are by no means

essential to determination.

Under nomenclature he has given us a reprint of the inter-

national rules of zoological nomenclature and the decisions so

far as they relate to entomology, for which all our students will

be most grateful. In the final chapter, “The Training of the

Systematist,” the author very properly emphasizes the im-

portance of a training in the literature of entomology. In treat-

ing of catalogues he gives us a sample of what he considers

one of the best. There are two features of any catalogue,

whether full or abridged, which I personally consider of prime

importance. It should be arranged systematically according to

the best accepted classification, and it should have a complete

species index, including all synonyms.

Altogether this is one of the outstanding entomological

books of 1928, and, with a proper allowance for the peculiari-

ties of the insect groups in which the author has done his best

work, can safely be studied and followed in most points of

which he treats. It should be in the library of every worker

in Systematic entomology. — E. P. Van Duzee.

January, 1929] moulton — ^thysanoptera 125

NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

San Francisco, California

This paper adds ten species of Thysanoptera to the Califor-

nia fauna ; seven of these are new species ; two, Franklinothrips

vespiformis Crawford and Tcsniothrips blacki Watson have

been found in California for the first time and Tceniothrips

vulgatissimus var. americanus has been rated as a new variety.

It can be separated from the European form only by minor

differences and could perhaps be more properly placed as an

American race of the European vulgatissimus. The two genera,

Formicothrips Priesner and Pcecilothrips Uzel have been rep-

resented heretofore each by a single species and it is interest-

ing to note that we are here adding a second species to each

one of these genera. Haplothrips gaznotce apparently belongs

to the subgenus Chonothrips John, in which also there is only

one known species. The synonyms of Frankliniella calif arnica

Moulton are listed and it is pointed out that this species does

not belong in the tritici group, also that F. tritici Fitch, as far

as we know, has not been found west of the Rocky Mountains.

Entomologists have generally classified our western flower-

inhabiting thrips as F. tritici, but this is an error, the common

western species being either F. occidentalis, especially in south-

ern California, or the light colored form of F. calif ornicus in

upper California and other more northern states. I have a

large series of these two species before me and will give more

consideration to them in a later paper.

Aeolothrips yosemitae Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color of body and legs dark reddish brown

except extreme tips of fore tibiae and basal two-thirds of fore tarsi

which are yellowish. Antennal segments one and two, except at tips,

are concolorous with head, three, except at extreme tip and basal

two-thirds of four are whitish yellow with distal portions grayish

brown, five to nine are grayish brown except basal third of five,

which is much lighter. Each fore wing transparent in anterior half

except at veins, which are distinctly yellowish, with a brown posterior

longitudinal band extending from extreme base, including scale, to

tip. Red pigment conspicuous in posterior longitudinal vein and

posterior part of ring vein, also in cross veins wherever they are

placed within the darkened area. Longitudinal bands of hind wings

present but less distinct.

126 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

Total body length 1.82 mm., head length .183 mm.; width .17 mm.;

prothorax length .16 mm., width .19 mm.; mesothorax width .30 mrn.

Antennae: length (width) I, 30 (36); II, 48 (30); III, 105 (24);

IV, 93 (24); V, 69 (24); VI to IX, subequal and together 51 microns;

total 400 microns. Length of spines: on median outer angles of

mesonotal plate 27 microns, on posterior outer angles 36 microns,

spines on ninth and tenth abdominal segments 195 microns.

Head as long or slightly longer than wide, depressed and wrinkled

in front; cheeks slightly arched. Eyes prominent, protruding in

front but not at the sides, prolonged posteriorly on ventral side.

Ocelli and mouth-cone normal. Antennae 2.16 times longer than

head, with last four segments compact and together shorter than

five. Ventral sense area on segment three broadly ovate, occupying

about one-fourth the length of the segment, sense area on segment

four occupying about three-fifths the length of the segment, bent and

very broad in outer third where it occupies approximately one-third

the width of the segment, transparent area on segment five elongate,

as also on six where it occupies nearly the entire length of the

segment.

Prothorax shorter than head, and only slightly wider. Mesothorax

clearly wider. Legs long and slender with fore femora somewhat

thickened. Wings with longitudinal veins normal. Two cross veins

connecting costa with fore longitudinal vein on left wing and three

cross veins on right wing, but this is abnormal, as there are only

two on other paratypes; one median cross vein connecting longi-

tudinal veins and one cross vein connecting posterior longitudinal

vein and posterior part of ring vein; second cross vein vestigial. In

yosemitcE red pigment is conspicuous in all veins included within the

darkened area of the fore wings. Abdomen normal.

Type material: Female holotype and 9 $ paratypes taken

on Ceanothus integerrimus, June 22, 1927, by the author. All

types in author’s collection. (Moulton No. 1759.)

Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California.

This species is most closely related to vittipennis Hood. It

may at once be separated by the lighter color of antennal seg-

ments five to nine, especially the basal part of segment five, by

its shorter third and longer fourth antennal segments, by its

broadly ovate sense area on segment three and the posterior

longitudinal dark wing bands which are not developed into cross

bands in the center of the wings, and though slightly protruding

at this point the bands do not exceed 67 microns in width.

Mexicanus Pr. may be separated from yosemitcs by the cross

bands which may be 155 microns, or covering nearly the entire

January, 1929] moulton — thysanoptera

127

width of the wing, and by the dark colored fifth to ninth

antennal segments.

Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford

Three females taken on citrus trees in the Imperial Valley,

California, October 10, 1926, by Mr. E. A, McGregor,

(Moulton No. 1155-1157). This extends the distribution of

this species to Southern California.

Anaphothrips minutus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color brownish yellow, including legs and

wings. Antennal segments one and two yellow, three clear yellow

in basal third, shading to light gray-brown, four like three but some-

what darker, five to eight gray-brown. Crescents of ocelli brownish

yellow.

Total body length .68 mm.; head length .063 mm., width .105 mm.;

prothorax length .09 mm., width .15 mm.; pterothorax width .177 mm.

Antennae: length (width) I, 12 (21); II, 30 (21); III, 36 (18);

IV, 30 (18); V, 25 (16); VI, 34 (15); VII, 6; VIII, 9; total length

153 microns. Length of spines: median dorsal pair on abdominal

segments, I, 15 microns; II, 21 microns; III, 27 microns; IV, 33

microns; V, 45 microns; VI, 54-60 microns; VII, VIII, 60 microns.

Spines along posterior margin of ninth abdominal segment, outer 54,

inner 30 microns.

Head clearly transverse, without prominent spines. Eyes relatively

large, together occupying about .6 the width of head. Ocelli

approximate and contiguous to inner margin of eyes. Mouth-cone

reaching to posterior margin of prosternum. Antennae 8-segmented;

2.5 times longer than head, without transverse suture on segment six,

segments three to six each with pedicel, five and six being clearly

separated.

Prothorax without conspicuous markings or spines. Metanotum

indistinctly reticulate. Wings fully developed, ring vein and two

longitudinal veins distinct. Fore-vein joining ring-vein near tip, hind

vein beginning at base of wing but abruptly broken before cross vein,

ending abruptly at beginning of last fifth of wing’s length. All spines

short, transparent and very difficult to determine, fore-vein with

seven to eight in basal half and two at tip, hind vein with two on

broken end before cross vein and five beyond.

Tergites of abdomen each with a pair of spines in the center

near anterior margin. These are small on the first and gradually

become longer and are placed farther apart to segment seven, on

eight they are again somewhat closer together. Outer pair of spines

along posterior margin of ninth segment approximately twice as

long as inner pair, bristles at end of tenth segment very small.

Eighth segment with complete comb along posterior margin.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO, 3

Type material : Female holotype, one female allotype taken

on Euphorbia albomarginata, October 5, 1927 (E. A.

McGregor). Types in author’s collection. (Moulton No. 2448.)

Type locality: Porterville, California.

This species resembles A. arizonensis Morgan, but may be

easily separated by the number of spines on principal veins

of wing, arizonensis having fifteen on fore vein and nine on

hind vein.

Frankliniella californicus Moulton

Euthrips tritici californicus Moulton, 1911; North American Thysanop-

tera, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Ent., Tech. Series 21, p. 28.

Euthrips tritici moultoni Hood, 1914; Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., Vol.

XVI, p. 38.

Frankliniella tritici californica M. Watson, 1923; Thys. North America,

Florida Agric. Exp. Station, Tech. Bull. 168, p. 39.

Fra.nkliniella claripennis Morgan, 1925; Can. Ent., Vol. LVII, p. 142.

Frankliniella canadensis Morgan, 1925; Can. Ent., Vol. LVII, p. 143.

Frankliniella moultoni Hood; Essig, 1926; Insects Western North

America, Macmillan Co., N. Y., p. 188.

I have before me the types of tritici californicus and

numerous specimens from many host plants taken throughout

California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Colorado,

Wyoming, Idaho and Montana, and especially a series taken on

Schizonotus discolor at Wenatchee, Washington, June 29, 1916,

by Mr. E. J. Newcomber, also a second larger series taken from

alfalfa blossoms at Fort Collins, Colorado, February 9, 1925,

by Dr. C. P. Gillette.

The species claripennis Morgan was described from speci-

mens taken by Mr. Newcomber and bear the same host plant,

date and locality as the material before me and, as my speci-

mens compare favorably with the description of the species

as given, I presume that they are practically identical with those

in the collection of Mr. Morgan. The large series from Fort

Collins, Colorado, were collected from blossoms of alfalfa,

radish, Helianthus and other hosts. The specimens are prac-

tically identical with the description of canadensis Morgan,

which latter species also was recorded as being found in

California. A careful comparison shows that claripennis and

canadensis are identical with californicus.

Californicus was originally described as a variety of tritici,

but the pedicel of the third antennal segment is only slightly

January, 1929] moulton — thysanoptera

129

swollen in the distal portion and is without an angular emar-

gination which places it distinctly in the intonsa-occidentalis

and not in the tritici group. It is probably the most common

species found in the Western United States and variations in

color and size are rather marked. Its color, however, is usually

distinctly brownish as compared to the predominating yellow

of occidentalis. It is larger than occidentalis and the comb

along posterior margin of the eighth abdominal segment is

usually complete though sparse, and is composed of twelve to

fourteen microscopic setae. Occidentalis is smaller and the

comb along posterior margin of eighth abdominal segment may

be absent or broken in the middle, but when present is also

sparse and the middle setae are more or less rudimentary.

Occidentalis is found more commonly in Southern California,

while calif ornicus is the common form in Central and Northern

California and other more northerly states. F. tritici Fitch, so

far as I know, has not been found west of the Rocky Mountains.

Taeniothrips albipennis Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Body color almost uniformly clear white except

antennal segments six to eight, which are gray-brown with segment

six lighter at base.

Total body length .92 mm.; head length .075 mm., width .12 mm.;

prothorax length .102 mm., width .135 mm.; pterothorax width

.183 mm. Antennae: length (width) I, 15 (24); II, 33 (24); III, 36

(16); IV, 30 (18); V, 27 (16); VI, 52 (18); VII, 9; VIII, 15;

total length 195 microns. Length of spines: interocellars 54 microns,

pair on posterior angles of prothorax 51 microns, along posterior

margin, inner 36 microns, outer 24 microns, longest on ninth and

tenth abdominal segments 60 microns.

Head distinctly transverse 1.6 times wider than long; cheeks

slightly arched. Interocellar spines very long, placed between pos-

terior ocelli and on a line connecting their anterior margins, other

head spines inconspicuous. Eyes large, prominent, slightly protrud-

ing, occupying fully half the length of head. Ocelli small and

inconspicuous, crescents colorless. Mouth-cone moderately pointed,

reaching posterior margin of prosternum. Antennae 1.6 times longer

than head, all segments reasonably short and stout, segment six

longest of all.

Prothorax with two pairs of spines along anterior margin, the

inner of which is somewhat longer than the outer, two long spines

on each posterior angle and two pairs along posterior margin, the

inner of which is much longer than the other.

Mesonotum with two spines on either side, the anterior pair placed

near center on either side along anterior margin, the posterior pair

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

placed behind the anterior ones and a little toward the center. Wings

fully developed, veins inconspicuous, with spines as follows: costa 18,

fore longitudinal vein 3, 3 — 2, hind vein with 10. Eighth abdominal

segment with fully developed comb along the posterior margin,

spines on segments nine and ten about as long as tenth segment.

Type material : Female holotype and three $ paratypes

taken on Cornus sp., August 17, 1928, by the writer. Types in

author’s collection. (Moulton No. 2975.)'

Type locality: Eel River, Shasta County, California.

The $ of this species has the same general appearance and

could easily be mistaken for Rhopholandrothrips corni Moulton,

which was taken on the same host plant, but upon close exami-

nation may be distinguished by the more compact intermediate

antennal segments, the presence of a pair of spines instead of a

single one on each side along posterior margin of prothorax and

the absence of clearly defined longitudinal veins on fore wings.

It is separated from T. alba Moulton, to which it is probably

most nearly related, by the much shorter third and fourth

antennal segments. T. costalis Jones is larger with crescents

of ocelli reddish orange in color. The second antennal segment

of T. salicis Reuter is also dark gray-brown like segments five

and eight, and the ocelli are clear red. The intermediate

antennal segments of T. albidicornis Knechtel are distinctly

more constricted at the end.

T^niothrips blacki Watson

One female specimen taken on clover in Yosemite Valley,

California, June 24, 1927, by the writer (Moulton No. 1758).

This is the first time this species has been found in the State

of California.

Taeniothrips vulgatissimus americanus Moulton, n. var.

Dr. H. Priesner, who has examined a series of these speci-

mens from the Yosemite Valley, California, and Colorado,

offers the following comments : “A new species or American

race of vulgatissimus Hal. The sternites of the male have

more oval impressions than vulgatissimus and the female has

little darker wings.” I have a large series before me, including

also specimens collected in Canada, and have compared them

with the European vulgatissimus. It is difficult to detect any

material differences between the females of the European and

the American forms except perhaps as Dr. Priesner has noted.

January, 1929] moulton — thysanoptera

131

“a little darker coloration in the wings.” The males, however,

show a rather marked variation in their darker color and the

more oval-shaped impressions on the sternites. I am therefore

classifying the American form as a new variety.

Haplothrips ryani Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Body color brown with abdominal segments

one to six somewhat clearer, all femora, middle and hind tibiae brown,

fore tibiae brown shading to yellow in outer third, all tarsi yellow,

each with a distinct black spot at tip on the inside. Antennal seg-

ments one and two brown, the first lighter at base, the second lighter

at tip, three to eight yellow with a slight shading of gray on the

two distal segments.

Total body length 2.3 mm.; head length .25 mm., width .216 mm.;

prothorax length .20 mm., width .33 mm.; pterothorax width .35 mm.;

tube length .13 mm., width at base .072 mm. Antennas: length (width)

I, 33; II, 48 (33); III, 57 (30); IV, 60 (33); V, 51 (30); VI, 48 (24);

VII, 48 (21); VIII, 36; total length 384 microns. Length of spines:

postoculars 60 microns, at anterior angles of prothorax 45 microns,

a pair on posterior angles 60 microns, on posterior angles of ninth

abdominal segment 75 microns, on posterior margin 105 microns, at

tip of tube 144 microns.

Head 1.2 times longer than wide; cheeks almost parallel, without

markings or sculpturing. Postocular spines well developed, placed

15 microns away from eyes, with blunt tips. Eyes and ocelli nor-

mally developed. Mouth-cone broadly rounded, very short, extending

only to middle of prosternum. Antennae 1.5 times longer than head,

segment three club-shaped, almost symmetrical, increasing in size

gradually from a small pedicel, broadly rounded at two-thirds its

length and again gradually reduced. Segment four small at base,

broadly ovate in middle and gradually reduced toward tip; segment

five small at base, oblong-ovate, but broader than four at tip, seg-

ments six and seven clearly pedicellate; two sense cones on segment

three, four on segment four, two normal and one rudimentary on

five and six, one on seven.

Prothorax shorter and wider than head, a single moderately long

spine at each anterior angle and a pair at each posterior angle. Mid-

laterals apparently wanting. These spines, like the postoculars with

blunt but not dilated tips. Pterothorax only a little wider than pro-

thorax, sides evenly formed. Legs comparatively short and stout,

each fore tarsus armed with a tooth toward the end on the inside,

but not claw-shaped as in the subgenus Karnyothrips Watson. Wings

represented only by very short pads.

Abdomen elongate, evenly formed, segments reduced gradually

beyond the sixth, tube short, twice as long as width at base and

approximately .5 as long as head. Terminal spines moderately short.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

Male allotype: Similar in shape and color to female, but some-

what smaller with total body length 1.58 mm. Fore tarsi armed

as in the female.

Larvae uniformly clear light yellowish brown with antennal seg-

ments two to seven gradually shading to dark gray and distal half of

tube gray. Red pigment in broken blotches throughout body.

Type material : Female holotype, male allotype, 25 $ and

3 $ paratypes and two larvae taken on Yucca pendula var.

glauca, June 7, 1928 (H. J. Ryan) and named in honor of

Mr. Ryan, Horticultural Commissioner of Los Angeles

County. Types in author’s collection. (Moulton Nos. 2771,

2828).

Type locality : Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California.

This species resembles H. gangelbaueri Schmutz from

Ceylon, but is at once separated by the presence of both an

inner and outer sense cone on third antennal segment, the

absence of wings and blunt bristles. Gangelbaueri has only one

sense cone on antennal segment three, wings are fully developed

and bristles have dilated tips.

Haplothrips (Chonothrips) gaviotae Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Body color uniformly dark brown, including

legs and all segments of antennae except only the third, which is

brown.

Total body length 1.5 mm.; head length .183 mm., width .183 mm.;

prothorax length, .11 mm., width .26 mm.; pterothorax width .30 mm.;

tube length .14 mm., width at base .70 mm., width at tip .35 mm.

Antennae: length (width) I,. 18 (33); II, 48 (33); III, 48 (33);

IV, 48 (33); V, 48 (30); VI, 48 (30); VII, 48 (28); VIII, 30; total

length 330 microns. Length of spines: postoculars 45 microns, on

anterior margin and angles of prothorax 30 microns, mid-laterals

45 microns, on posterior angles, inner 54 microns, outer 66 microns,

spines on ninth abdominal segment 31 microns, at tip of tube 69

microns.

Head as wide as long; cheeks, including margins of eyes, evenly

and slightly arched. Postocular spines well developed, with pointed

tips. Eyes normal. Ocelli apparently wanting. Mouth-cone reaching

to posterior margin of prosternum, clearly constricted in the middle

with labrum drawn out to a rather sharp point. Labium constricted

before the end, but clearly broadly rounded at tip. Antennae 8-seg-

mented, 1.8 times longer than head, segment three broadly clavate,

1.5 times longer than wide, reduced gradually to a narrow pedicel,

segments four to seven inclusive subequal in length, each pair

with a distinct though broad pedicel, segment eight cone-shaped,

joined broadly to segment seven and not constricted at the base.

Januaty, 1929] moulton — thysanoptera

133

Segment three with one small sense cone on outer distal margin,

none on inner margin, four and five each with two, and six with two

plus one rudimentary cone.

Prothorax .66 as long as head and more than twice as wide as

long; pair of spines along anterior margin well developed and about

equal in length to those on anterior angles; mid-laterals somewhat

longer, a pair on each posterior angle well developed, the outer of

which is clearly longer than the inner. Pterothorax relatively small,

only a little wider than prothorax. Legs moderately short and stout.

Middle and hind femora almost as large as fore femora. Fore tarsi

unarmed except for the usual claws. Wings rudimentary.

Abdomen broadly ovate, “S”-shaped wing-holding spines vestigial,

other spines moderately short. Tube .75 as long as head, reduced

gradually from base to tip. Longest spines on ninth abdominal seg-

ment, and tip of tube much shorter than . tube.

Type material : Female holotype, six $ paratypes taken on

Adenostoma fasciculatum on May 15, 1928, by the writer.

Types in author’s collection (Moulton No. 2784). This species

is named after the type locality.

Type locality: Gaviota Pass, Santa Barbara County, Cal-

ifornia.

This species seems to belong in the subgenus Chonothrips

John, because of the very compact segments of the antennae,

segment three being only approximately 1.5 times longer than

wide, the rudimentary wings, and the single well developed

sense cone on segment three. It is easily distinguished from the

single species in this genus, H. crassicornis John, by its dark

color, pointed bristles and longer antennal segments two, three

and six. In crassicornis antennal segments three to six: are

yellow, fore tibiae are mostly yellow, middle and hind tibiae are

yellow at the ends, all tarsi are yellow, also postocular spines

have dilated tips.

Poecilothrips lupini Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color reddish brown. Antennal segments one,

two, seven and eight brown with one and two darker than the

Others, three whitish yellow, light grayish brown in distal half, but

whitish yellow again at the end, four and five grayish brown, each

lighter in basal third and at tip, six grayish brown somewhat lighter

at base. All femora brown, all tibiae yellowish at both ends with fore

tibia lighter. All tarsi yellowish brown with fore tarsi lighter. Fore

wings whitish in basal and distal fourths, uniformly light brownish

gray in second and third fourths. Red body pigment prominent.

Total body length 1.66 mm.; head length .27 mm., width .22 mm.;

prothorax length .13 mm., width, .23 mm.; mesothorax width .30 mm.;

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Y,.NO. 3

tube length .166 mm., width at base .06 mm., width at tip *05 mm.

Antennae: length (width) I, 30, (33); II, 51 (33); III, 60 (34)-;

IV, 62 (36); V, 51 (30); VI, 42 (27); VII, 39 (24); VIII, 30; total

length 355 microns. Length of spines: on anterior angles of pro-

thorax 24 microns, mid-laterals 22 microns, on posterior angles 45

microns, ninth abdominal segment 72 microns, at tip of tube 150

microns. Basal wing spines 27, 27 and 39 respectively.

Head 1.2 times longer than wide, widest behind eyes; cheeks almost

straight and parallel, very slightly narrowed toward the base, post-

oculars vestigial, other head spines extremely small. Eyes large,

oblong in shape, occupying about one-third the length of the head,

their interval being less than the width of a single eye. Ocelli rather

closely placed, posterior pair contiguous with inner margins of eyes.

Mouth cone long and narrow, reaching almost to posterior margin

of mesosternum. Antennae 1.3 times longer than head, segment

three broadest in the third quarter with sides reduced evenly and

gradually to the base, abruptly constricted at the tip, segments four

and five broadly clavate, six and seven ovate with narrowed pedicels,

eight constricted at the base and clearly separated from seven.

Sense area on segment two placed near middle, sense cones mod-

erately broad and stout, placed as follows: two on segment three,

four on four, two and one rudimentary cone on five, two and one

rudimentary on six, one on seven.

Prothorax small, only a little wider than head and half as long.

Prominent spines short and stout with widely dilated, almost funnel-

shaped tips. Spines on posterior angles twice as long as mid-laterals

and those on anterior angles. Pterothorax much wider than pro-

thorax. All legs moderately slender, fore-femora only slightly thick-

ened, tarsi unarmed. Wings with parallel sides, with nine double-

fringe-hairs along posterior margin of each fore wing.

Abdomen normal. Tube .6 as long as head, almost cylindrical,

slightly swollen at the base and only very slightly reduced at the tip.

Type material : Female holotype taken on wild lupine,

July 11, 1925, by the writer. Type in author’s collection.

(Moulton No. 404).

Type locality: Mountain View, California.

In this genus there is only one other species, albopictus Uzel,

Europe, which has distinct whitish longitudinal bands extend-

ing from head to abdomen. These bands are almost obsolete in

lupini. The head is colored darker at the sides and toward the

middle which produces an indistinct and lighter area between.

The thorax is slightly darker at the sides with a more or less

mottled effect within so that lupini can be easily determined

from albopictus by the absence of these distinct bands.

January, 1929] moulton — thysanoptera

135

Formicothrips yosemitae Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color chestnut brown with back of head and

thorax yellowish brown, segments of abdomen darker at the sides

with indistinct darker cross bands giving a more or less mottled

effect. Legs brownish yellow with outer margins of all femora and

tibiae shaded dark brown, all tarsi brownish yellow. Antennal seg-

ments one and two whitish yellow, three brownish yellow, four

brown, lighter at base, middle and tip, five to eight blackish brown.

Total body length 2.7 mm.; head length .53 mm., width behind

eyes .37 mm., at neck .2 mm.; prothorax length .30 mm., width in

center, not including coxae, .31 mm.; pterothorax width .30 mm.;

greatest width of abdomen .60 mm.; tube length .21 mm., width at

base .116 mm., at tip .066 mm. Antennas: length (width) I, 54 (45);

II, 75 (45); III, 156 (45); IV, 108 (45); V, 114 (45); VI, 90 (42);

VII, 75 (33); VIII, 60; total length 667 microns. Length of spines:

a pair with dilated tips near base of antenna 33 microns, on anterior

angles of prothorax 24 microns, on posterior angles 33 microns, a

pair near center of hump on mesonotum 33 microns, on ninth

abdominal segment, outer 129 microns, inner 110 microns, at tip of

tube 120 microns.

Head large, broadly rounded in front, including outer margins

of eyes, with a slight constriction immediately behind eyes; cheeks

broadly rounded; back of head clearly constricted, neck-like. A single

short, blunt spine just above base of each antenna and several similar

short, blunt spines on cheeks. A pair of long, pointed spines on

ventral side of head placed close together (12 microns apart) in the

center just below base of antennae, 180 microns long, another pair

of long, pointed spines of approximately the same length on ventral

side just anterior to base of mouth-cone. Eyes relatively small, not

protruding. Ocelli wanting. Mouth-cone short and blunt, extending

about two-thirds across prosternum. Maxillary palpi apparently with

two segments, labial palpi very small, each apparently with one seg-

ment. Mouth-cone with several long pointed hairs (75 microns),

a few on labium near base of each labial palpus, two on each side

near base of maxillary palpus and several above on labrum. Antennae

1.26 times as long as head with segments one to four inclusive of

equal width, segment three longest, four and five about equal, others

reduced gradually, segments five and six produced at end ventrally

into a distinct angular process when viewed from the side, each of

which bears a series of three sharp spines. Spines on segments one

and two with dilated tips similar to other short body spines, those

on other segments pointed. Segments three, four and five each with

two short sense cones.

Prothorax smaller than head, rounded, and in side view clearly

humped, spines on all angles short, with dilated tips. Pterothorax

small. Metanotal plate wider than long, with net-like sculpturing

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 3

and humped when viewed from the side, a pair of short dilated

spines near the center and a single one near the middle on either

side. All femora somewhat thickened, foretarsi armed. Wings

Wanting.

Abdomen elongate-ovate with eighth and ninth segments much

reduced. Tube short .4 as long as head and only twice as long as

basal width. Long Spines on eighth and ninth segments with blunt

tips. Spines at tip of tube .3 as long as tube.

Larvae with the head and prothorax, ninth and tenth abdominal

segments and all segments of the antennae uniformly deep brown;

all legs of a similar color, but with tibiae shading gradually lighter

toward the tips, tarsi light brown. All body spines with strongly

dilated tips. Head large, subrectangular in shape.

Type material: Female holotype, 3 $ paratypes and 7

larvae taken by sweeping grass, June 24, 1927 (D. Moulton).

Types in author’s collection. (Moulton No. 1763.)

Type locality : Yosemite Valley, California.

F. dampa Priesner, the only other known species in the

genus, is deep black in color with antennal segments one and

two whitish and three to eight deep black. F. yosemitcs

chestnut brown in color, antennal segments one and two are

whitish to whitish yellow, three brownish yellow, four mottled

brown and five to eight blackish brown. There are other differ-

ences, principally in the shape of the head and the hump-like

projections of the prothorax.

Change of Names

Two Cerambycidae which I have described, I find have

names which are preoccupied, so I will now change them as

follows :

Neoclytus basalts (Pan-Pacific Ent., Ill (1926-27), p. 106),

to Neoclytus basillaris. The specific name basalts was pre-

viously used for a species from South America, described by

Chevrolet (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) I, 1861, p. 384), but

unfortunately listed in later catalogues as a Clytus. My atten-

tion was kindly drawn to this mistake by Mr. George Hopping.

Xylotrechus cinereus (Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., XV (1920),

p. 41) to Xylotrechus abietis. The name cinereus was pre-

viously used for a species described as Clytus cinereus by

Laporte and Gory, 1836, from the mountains of southern

Europe. It has only recently been listed as a Xylotrechus . —

Edwin C. Van Dyke.

January, 1929] chamberlin-ferris^liparocephalus 137

ON LIPAROCEPHALUS AND ALLIED GENERA

(COLEOPTERA; STAPHYLINID^)

BY J. C. CHAMBERLIN AND G. F, FERRIS^

The subfamily Aleocharinse of the family Staphylinidae

contains among its horde of species a few forms that occur

along the ocean shore and that have adapted themselves to at

least a partially aquatic existence. Certain of these species,

totaling, according to the Fenyes catalogue in Genera Insec-

torum, five genera and nine named forms, are placed by that

author together in a little group that he calls the Liparocephali,

under the tribe Bolitocharini. Three of the included genera

are recorded only from the northern Pacific coast of North

America.

Until very recently nothing has been known concerning the

immature stages of any of the American forms, although the

larva of Antarctophytosus atriceps (Waterhouse), from the

Crozet Islands in the Antarctic region, has been described in

some detail by Enderlein.^ It is worthy of note that as late as

1913 Fenyes^ has listed but thirty-nine of the five thousand or

so named species of the Aleocharinae as at all known in their

immature stages. Since that time a few more have been

described, but our knowledge is still extremely slight. It is

therefore obvious that no opportunity to add to the sum total

of our information concerning these stages should be neglected.

It was from the intention to describe the larva of a species of

Liparocephalus that the present paper has had its origin.

Saunders ^ has recently recorded the finding of the larvae of

two species of this group on the coast of British Columbia and

has presented some information concerning them. The present

writers in the course of visits to the reef at Moss Beach, just

^outh of San Francisco, California, have taken the adults of

four species, the pupae of two and the larvae of three, thus mak-

ing possible a considerable extension of our knowledge.

1 The arrangement of the authors’ names is alphabetical and indicates

neither seniority nor precedence.

2 Enderlein, G. Deutsche Siidpolar Kxpedition, Zoologie, Band 2:3’77

(1908).

3 Fenyes, A. Genera Insectorum, Pasc., 173A:6 (1918). (Records cease

at 1913.)

4 Saunders, L. C. Ann^ Ent. Soc. Am., 21:542; fig. 9 (1928).

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

Our interest while primarily in the larvae has of necessity

led to some study of the adults as well, and we have conse-

quently familiarized ourselves with the literature concerning

them. It is evident from this literature that the systematic work

on such small forms as the Aleocharinae has in the past been

greatly hampered by the methods that have quite generally been

employed and by the attitude of mind in which their study has

been approached. The views of Casey,® as voiced in connection

with the paper in which certain of the species here to be con-

sidered were described, to the effect that “facies, however, here

as elsewhere, frequently goes far as a guide and is much more

important than any single organic structural peculiarity” seem

still to be reflected in a general obscurantism as to structural

characteristics, an obscurantism that is by no means limited to

that particular author. His further remark, “It is unfortunate,

having in view the optical means of investigation usually

employed, that the Aleocharini are so small in size” indicates

the deficiency in method and no special attempts to remedy that

defect by the employment of improved methods seem gener-

ally to have been made. Deficiency of viewpoint and deficiency

in method together have thus resulted in a condition such that

the student aspiring to some precise morphological knowledge

which may be used as a basis for taxonomic judgments can

find but little nourishment in the existing literature.

We have consequently extended our studies from a consid-

eration merely of the immature stages to include a treatment of

the adults as well. Asa basis for this treatment we have utilized

material that has been cleared, dissected and mounted upon

slides, discarding entirely any attempt to work from the con-

ventional pinned specimens. By these methods the difficulties

that have been supposed to inhere in the small size of these and

similar forms disappear completely or become converted even

into positive advantages. The extension of such methods to

the study of the small Coleoptera in general, not to mention the

larger forms, seems indicated as a desirable, if not even impera-

tive, procedure.

We are indebted to Professor E. C. Van Dyke of the Univer-

sity of California for assistance in the determination of a

portion of our material.

5 Casey, T. Annals New York Academy Sciences, 7:283 (1894). j

January, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 139

The Group Liparocephali '

This group, as formulated by Fenyes, includes the five

genera Liparocephalus Maklin, Diaulota Casey, Amblopusa

Casey, Actocharis Fauvel and Antarctophytosus Enderlein.

The first four genera are apterous, except for the elytra, but the

last named has the posterior wings “strongly reduced.’' Speci-

mens representing the first three alone are available for exam-

ination. We shall on the basis of these three present a brief

discussion of some of the morphological features that are of

interest.

The mandibles of certain of these species tend to be asym-

metrical, the left mandible having the median tooth more or

less reduced and smaller than that on the right (see Fig. 2).

In the species of Liparocephalus, however, this does not appear

to hold and the mandibles are symmetrical. In any case the

character seems to be specifically rather variable.

We would here call attention to a structure that appears to

have been much neglected in the literature. On the inner face

of the mandible and arising from near the base is a narrow,

membranous lobe (Fig. which bears a comb of as

many as a hundred or more delicate, laminate teeth. This

structure is the prostheca. While it occurs probably throughout

the Staphylinids and is known in other groups as well it seems

never to have been extensively investigated. Rather vague

references and indications in figures seem to indicate that it

may vary in form and if so it would doubtless offer taxonomic

possibilities.

There is present also on the mandible at about the middle of

the lateral margin a curious pore with an underlying canal

(Fig. 1/). An investigation of the occurrence of this pore

might be of interest. It is possibly a sensory structure of some

sort. It is present in the larvae also.

The labial palpi are normally two-segmented with the basal

segment showing a pseudo-articulation, and they are so

described in the literature. However, in one species, Diaulota

hrevipes (Casey), the palpi are variable and every condition

from the normal to that of definitely three segments is to be

found (Fig. 2Q,R). The ligula in all the species is small,

sclerotic and cuneiform in shape. The hypopharyngeal face

of the labium shows two comb-like rows of setae, while in some

140 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

other Staphylinids this same area is produced into a pair of

lobe-like processes bearing brushes of setae.

The eyes are small in all the species. In the genus Diaulota

setae are interspersed with the facets, while in Liparocephalus

the eyes are hairless (Fig. 2E, F).

The genal region is defined by a distinct, raised line on the

ventral side of the head. In Diaulota hrevipes this line is

variable and may either be well developed or almost completely

lacking.

The prothorax presents no features of special interest,

although we would call attention to the fact that the cervical

sclerites are much less complex in these forms than in some

of the other Staphylinids.

The pterothorax is greatly reduced, possibly in correlation

with the absence of the posterior wings (Fig. ID). The meso-

and metanota are so completely fused that the separate parts

can scarcely be distinguished and the reduction and fusion of

the sternites has been carried almost as far. The pleurites

remain as small, distinct pieces. The metathoracic spiracle is in

all cases extremely small, so small as to be difficult to detect

even in favorable preparations, and in Liparocephalus hrevi-

pennis at least it is probably functionless.

The abdomen presents seven normally visible tergites and

six sternites. We interpret these as being the tergites of the

first to seventh and the sternites of the second to seventh seg-

ments, an interpretation which does not agree at all with that

given by Fenyes for the Staphylinidae in general, that author

recognizing ten tergites and assigning the first apparent sternite

to the third segment. We believe our interpretation to be in

accord with that of Tanner.® The eighth and succeeding seg-

ments are retracted normally within the abdomen.

The tergites and sternites in all cases bear at their anterior

border an impressed, glabrous area that is bounded posteriorly

by a distinct, raised line. This area fits normally beneath the

free epiphysis of the preceding segment, but if the abdomen

be expanded it will be more or less exposed. Nevertheless the

quite illusory distinction of “tergites 3-7 equally impressed at

base” and “tergites 3-5 transversely impressed at base” has been

e Tanner, V. M. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 53:17 (1927).

January, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 141

utilized in literature. It may be noted that this area on the sixth

tergite is produced conspicuously forward.

Spiracles are present on segments one to seven. They are

extremely small and are located at the lateral margins of the

tergites. The spiracles of the first segment are not at all

enlarged as is the case in many beetles and, as claimed by

Fenyes, in the Staphylinidae in general. They present no

peculiarities of structure.

We would especially call attention to the presence of distinct

pleural plates on the second to sixth abdominal segments.

These plates constitute the “lateral border” or “lateral furrow”

of authors and their identity as pleurites is not at all indicated

in the literature dealing with this particular group. In the genera

under consideration and evidently in many other Staphylinidae

these plates are divided longitudinally into two pieces. In at

least some Staphylinids they are plainly undivided.

In many of the Staphylinidae the intersegmental membranes

of the abdomen are beautifully marked by a mosaic of minute

plates that are variously arranged. In the present group this

mosaic is lacking.

In the female the genitalia are almost entirely membranous

and we have been unable to make anything out of them. In the

male the oedeagus and claspers assume a form that is quite well

defined for the group (Fig. 4 A, B, C, D). The sexual differ-

ences in the form of the abdomen are but slight, the male

having the seventh sternite produced posteriorly into a rounded

point, which is lacking or but weakly developed in the female,

and having also the lateral lobes of the eighth sternite longer

and somewhat asymmetrical in their basal attachments. In

addition there is present in the male a small ventral piece,

somewhat asymmetrical in form, which represents perhaps the

sternite of the ninth segment.

The spermatheca in the female is quite small and consists

of a more or less elongate and thin-walled tube that terminates

in a swollen bulb with thick and heavily sclerotic walls. In the

female of L. breznpennis (Fig. IF) this bulb is very thick-

walled and the tube is rather short and broad, while in the

females of Diaulota insolita and D. hrevipes the tube is much

longer and more slender and the bulb much thinner walled.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 3

The segmentation of the tarsi has been employed as a primary

character in the division of the Aleocharinas into tribes, the

tribe Bolitocharini, to which the Liparocephali belong, being

defined as having the tarsal segmentation in a 4-4-5 formula.

This holds in three of the species at hand, but in one, Diaulota

brevipes, the segmentation of the posterior tarsi is variable.

We have at least one specimen of this species showing clearly

five-segmented fourth tarsi; others, and these are in the

majority, are clearly but four-segmented. Gradations between

these two extremes are likewise at hand. The proportions of

the segments and the arrangement of the setae (Fig. 3E) indi-

cate that the four-segmented condition arises from a fusion of

the normal fourth and fifth segments.

On the basis of the usual classification these varying forms

would go even into separate tribes. One cannot but be led to

reflect upon the possible conditions to be found in the taxonomy

of a group where a single and demonstrably unreliable charac-

ter has been depended upon almost exclusively for general

groupings.

In all the species at hand the body is more or less thickly and

uniformly beset with very small setae. There is no such arma-

ment of combs of modified setae as is to be seen in properly

prepared specimens of many other Staphylinids. The derm in

all the species is quite uniformly unornamented.

The American genera

Of the five genera referred by Fenyes to this group, rep-

resentatives of three, Liparocephahts, Diaulota and Amblop'usa

are available. To these three genera there have been referred

seven supposed species, of which four are at hand. On the

basis of the available material we believe the genera Diaulota

and Liparocephalus to represent valid and distinct groups.

Amblopusa, however, we hold to have been based upon

illusory characters and to be a synonym of Diaulota. The two

American genera thus left may be distinguished by the fol-

lowing characters :

Eyes hairy; mandibles asymmetrically developed and without

serrations between apex and median tooth; mesal portion of the

abdominal pleurites plainly broader and larger than the lateral por-

tion; plantar setae of the tarsi simple, non-spatulate; anterior margin

of the labrum strongly rounded; terminal antennal segments plainly

January, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 143

broader than long; dorsal comb of apical setas on the third tibia

clearly differentiated and separated from the two ventral spurs

‘ Diaulota Casey

Eyes not hairy; mandibles symmetrically developed and with a

series of distinct serrations between the apex and the median tooth;

mesal portion of the abdominal pleurites plainly narrower and smaller

than the lateral portion; plantar setae of the tarsi, at least in part, of

a conspicuously spatulate form; anterior margin of the labrum

truncate; terminal antennal segments clearly longer than broad;

dorsal comb of apical setae on the third tibia not clearly separated

from nor differentiated from the ventral spurs

Liparocephalus Maklin

Genus Liparocephalus Maklin ^

We are able to recognize in our material two clearly distinct

species of this genus, one unfortunately represented by but a

single specimen.® We are inclined to identify these with the

two named species now referred to the genus. They may be

separated by the following characters :

Head conspicuously broader than the prothorax and distinctly

broader than long (length taken from the clypeal suture to the

extreme posterior border of the head), the proportions being as 7-6;

head lighter in color than the rest of the body; length (on slide and

somewhat expanded) 6 mm cordicollis Leconte

Head and thorax practically equal in width, length of head equal

to width or but very slightly greater; of a uniformly dark color;

length (on slide and somewhat expanded) 4.5-5 mm

hrempennis Maklin

In addition to the characters indicated in the above key we

would call attention to evident differences in the genitalia of

the males (Fig. 4/1, C), which are difficult to express in words.

Liparocephalus brevipennis Maklin

1928. Liparocephalus hrempennis Maklin, Saunders, Ann. Ent. Soc.

Am., 21:542; fig. 9A, B, C.

Material examined. Many males and females, two or three

pupae and several larvae from Moss Beach, San Mateo County,

California, November, 1926, and January 11, 1928, collected

by J. C. Chamberlin and G. F. Ferris.

7 The Leng Catalogue of the Coleoptera being readily available to stu-

dents, references will be given only to papers not appearing therein.

8 Our interpretation of these species is not in accord with the views

of Van Dyke. The species which he has identified for us as L. brevi-

pennis var. cordicollis we hold, on the basis of Leconte’s

descriptions and key, to be brevipennis, while we identify a single

male that we possess (not seen by Van Dyke) as being cordicollis

Leconte. If it be not that species it is undescribed.

(To be Continued)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

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At the Charter Day exercises of the University of California

on March 23, the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon

Dr. L. O. Howard by President Campbell of the University.

The following Monday evening the entomologists of the San

Francisco Bay region gave a dinner to Dr. Howard. About

seventy-eight entomologists and friends took advantage of

this occasion to show their esteem and affection for the guest

of the evening. Dr. Howard is no stranger to our western

entomologists and certainly no one will find a warmer welcome

in the West than the former head of the Bureau of Entomol-

ogy, whenever he can make it convenient to visit the Coast.

The long looked for Handbook of the Dragon Flies of North

America by Needham and Hey wood* comes to hand just as we

go to press. This volume of 378 pages includes only the species

found in America north of Mexico. It is the first of our

American Manuals that includes our west coast species, eighty-

eight of which are here recorded, and on this account will prove

of special interest to our western entomologists. With this

Plandbook and Carman’s Odonata of Connecticut our collectors

should be able to determine their captures in this most attractive

group of insects.

* A Handbook of the Drag-on Flies of North America by James G.

Needham and Hortense B. Heywood. Charles C. Thomas, publ., 1929.

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VoL V

AprU, 1929

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

EIGHTH ANNUAL BUTTERFLY SHOW HELD AT LOS ANGELES . . FRONTISPIECE

FALL, ON THE GENUS PH^DON 145

CHAMBERLIN AND FERRIS, ON LIPAROCEPHALUS AND ALLIED GENERA

(concluded) 153

BLAISDELL, THE SPECIES OF ELEODES BELONGING TO THE SUBGENUS

METABLAPYLIS 163

COCKERELL AND TIMBERLAKE, TWO NEW BEES OF THE GENUS TRIEPEOLUS 167

CHAMBERLIN, DINOCHEIRUS TENOCH, AN HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED GENUS

AND SPECIES OF FALSE SCORPION 171

VAN DUZEE, A NEW OECLEUS 173

MARTIN, A NEW CALIFORNIAN MALACHIUS 174

FULTON, THE CAMOUFLAGE CRICKET 175

OLSEN, ON THE TETRIGIN^ OF UTAH 181

TANNER, THE MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE IN UTAH 183

VAN DUZEE, SOME NEW WESTERN HEMIPTERA 186

EDITORIAL 192

San Francisco, California

1929

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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'i-n. yf’t,

“ 56: as t\

fe-

7>'.-S

fi-lp-

* 3 !^

EIGHTH ANNUAL BUTTERFLY SHOW HELD AT LOS ANGELES. This photograph illustrates one section of the yearly exhibit of insects held generally

during March and April at the Los Angeles Museum under the auspices of the Lorquin Entomological Society. Some 30,000 Lepidoptera and representatives in

other Orders from private collections were on display during the 1929 exhibit. Much public and press interest in Entomology is being stimulated. The first show

was organized in 1922 by Mr. J. D. Gunder of Pasadena, Calif.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. V, No. 4 April, 1929

ON THE GENUS PH^DON (COLEOPTERA)

BY H. C. FALL

The attention of coleopterists has recently been called to this

Chrysomelid genus by two papers in successive numbers of the

Pan-Pacific Entomologist (July and October, 1928) by Mr.

Melville H. Hatch of the University of Washington. In the

first of these articles five new species are described, and in the

second four more are added. Tables are given for connecting

these up with our previously known species and several of the

European species are also included.

Having a certain degree of familiarity with the genus through

previous studies, I was at once led to doubt the validity of some

of the new species, and consequently took steps to ascertain

just what Mr. Hatch had in hand. Through the kindness of

the author himself. Dr. Van Dyke, Mr. Carr, and Mr. Dietrich,

I have been enabled to examine either types or paratypes of all

the supposed new forms, and submit the following conclusions :

P. microreticulatus Hatch and P. dietrichi Hatch are both

assignable to viridis Melsh. The former is more nearly typical

in elytral sculpture, but both are well within the limits of this

variable species and are so completely gradationally connected

that a varietal name is useless. Hatch’s statement that the

punctures of the head and pronotum are subequal in dietrichi

is inaccurate, the head punctures being really distinctly coarser

than those of the median parts of the thorax and in almost the

average degree.

P. punctatus Hatch and P. vandykei Hatch are merely forms

of prasinella in which there is a greater disparity between the

strial and interstrial punctures than is typical. There is every

possible intermediate step between these and the type. As in

several other species color is here very variable and of abso-

lutely no specific significance.

P. purpurescens Hatch differs in no way from purpurea

Linell.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

P. huachuccE Hatch is identical with cyanescens StM. This

fact is established by comparison with authentic examples in

the Biologia material at the Museum of Comparative Zoology

at Cambridge. The species ranges through Central America

and Mexico and crosses our border into Arizona.

P. carri Hatch. I am unable to separate this from cochleariaz

Fab. Hatch’s type is described as “metallic cupreous,” but he

mentions blue specimens. The majority of those seen by me

have been piceous with bronze or faint greenish luster. As

usual in this genus, color counts for nothing.

P. vancouverensis Hatch. The characters given by Hatch are

quite insufficient to separate this from oviformis in view of the

marked inconstancy of the latter in color and elytral sculpture.

I have seen only a single paratype of vancouverensis and this,

while not quite like any in my series of oviformis, differs from

some of them no more than they differ among themselves.

P. niger Hatch. This was based on a unique example with

convex elytral interspaces. I have seen the type and it appears

to me to be an abnormal specimen. In his October article

Hatch mentions the discovery of a second specimen of niger.

In this, which I have also seen, the elytral intervals are nearly

flat, but it is somewhat distorted, perhaps from immaturity, and

is not a good example on which to base an opinion. Niger may

therefore best be let alone until we have sufficient normal speci-

mens upon which to form a conclusion.

To recapitulate: of the nine species described by Mr. Hatch

as new eight are referable to previously described species, the

only possibility of doubt being in the case of vancouverensis,

while the ninth is based on a probably abnormal unique and

its status is therefore doubtful.

With no shadow of personal feeling or any desire to indulge

in captious criticism it is impossible to characterize this other-

wise than as poor taxonomic work. Aside from individual

tendencies to exaggerate the importance of small differences,

there are two factors which are largely responsible for faulty

or indifferent taxonomic work: first, too much haste or, to

put it otherwise, the failure or unwillingness of an author to

take the time necessary to familiarize himself with his subject;

and again, too rigid or too literal interpretation of the older

descriptions. Taxonomic papers cannot be dashed off “while

April, 1929]

FALL GENUS PH^DON

147

you wait.” Even the shortest of them demand an amount of

painstaking investigation often seemingly wholly incommensu-

rate with the results. None of us are entirely free from these

shortcomings, but in the present instance the resulting per-

centage of error is excessive.

Of our five previously described native species of Phaedon,

Mr. Hatch in his first paper admits that four are unknown to

him in nature. For three of these he goes to Crotch, whose

characterizations average about one line each, and for the fourth

(purpureus) he consults the original description. Crotch is

only relatively correct in saying that viridis Melsh. has no

humeral callus. The callus is really present though weak.

Hatch actually had in hand typical examples of viridis, but did

not recognize it. His conclusion that because there seemed to

him to be no examples of viridis among the New York speci-

mens before him the species must therefore be removed from

the New York State list is, of course, a non sequitur.

In his description of purpurea Linell used the term “aluta-

ceous” in speaking of the elytral sculpture where transversely

rugulose would have been more appropriate. This and the

unwarrantable assumption that Linell’s words “clypeal suture

distinct” meant that the suture was of equal depth throughout,

led to the redescription of Linell’s species under the name

purpurescens. That the two names cover a single species I am

positive after examining a paratype of purpurescens in connec-

tion with specimens in my own collection previously compared

with the type of purpurea.

There are, of course, many instances where comparisons with

types or typical specimens are impossible or so difficult as to

be impracticable; in such event recourse to the original or

some other description is the only alternative. In the two cases

mentioned above, however, with a little time and effort it would

not have been difficult to have secured authentic specimens for

study or to have had comparisons made with such and thus

have avoided unnecessary error.

P. ceruginosus Suffr. It will be observed that this name, long

held to be a varietal form of viridis following the opinion of

Crotch, has in the Leng list been advanced to full specific stand-

ing, though on whose authority I know not. The precise status

of ceruginosus has never been known to American coleopterists.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

and it is with considerable satisfaction that I am now able to

clear up this doubtful question. Through the kind offices of

Dr. Walther Horn, Dr. Zimmer of the Berlin Museum has

obligingly sent me Suffrian’s type for examination. It proves

to differ in no way from ordinary practically typical examples

of viridis and must be regarded as a straight synonym thereof.

The following table includes all our native species as I inter-

pret them. I have ventured to propose one new name.

The first character used, viz., the presence or absence of a

series of larger punctures on the second elytral interval, we owe

to Mr. Hatch’s observation. It appears to be remarkably con-

stant and serves well to divide our species into two subequal

groups. These punctures are widely spaced, about four to six

in number and, so far as I have noticed, are all included within

the basal half of the interval.

It will be noticed that in all of Hatch’s diagnoses he describes

the elytra as eight-punctate striate, the marginal interval with

a series of striaform punctures. These latter are not really

interstitial punctures but constitute morphologically the ninth

stria, which is more feebly developed in Phsedon than in other

Chrysomelid genera having regularly punctate striate elytra.

TABLE OF SPECIES

Second elytral interval without a subbasal series of widely spaced

larger punctures.

Head and pronotum finely alutaceous or microreticulate, tarsal

claws smaller than elsewhere in the genus.

Head coarsely punctate, the punctures distinctly larger than

those of the median parts of the pronotum; ventral seg-

ments coarsely punctate; size larger, averaging about

3.5 mm ‘viridis

Head more finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures not

or but very slightly coarser than those of the pronotum,

which are nearly uniform in size from side to side; ventral

segments more sparsely and very finely punctate; size

smaller, averaging less than 3 mm uniformis

Head and pronotum not perceptibly alutaceous, usually visibly

but very finely micropunctulate between the larger punctures.

Form distinctly rotundate, deep purple or violaceous varying

to greenish, ventral surface very finely punctate.. cy an escens

April, 1929]

FALL GENUS PH^DON

149

Form more parallel, oblong oval.

Interstitial punctures of elytra sparse and very minute;

color purpureo-violaceous, the thorax usually greenish;

ventral surface coarsely punctured; size large, over 4 mm.

purpurea

Interstitial punctures of elytra always strong and distinct

and in typical examples nearly as large as those of

the strise; size smaller, rarely as much as 3.5 mm.

prasinella

Second elytral interval with a widely spaced subbasal series of larger

punctures.

Elytral intervals transversely subrugulose in varying degree, as

a rule more distinctly so toward the sides oviformis

Elytra not perceptibly transversely subrugulose.

Clypeal suture nearly equally impressed throughout; antennas

entirely black; humeral callus stronger, ventral surface dis-

tinctly microreticulate, the last segment commonly entirely

pale; size as a rule somewhat larger armor acice

Clypeal suture feeble at middle, more strongly impressed at

sides; basal two joints of antennas more or less pale beneath;

humeral callus less strong; ventral surface not or scarcely

visibly microreticulate, the last segment black or with, at

most, a narrow pale apical border; tarsal claws a little

larger; color typically blue, but with us more commonly

asneopiceous cochlearice

1. Ph^don viridis Melsh.

(cEruginosus Suffr. ; microreticulatus Hatch; dietrichi Hatch)

This rotundate oval, strongly convex, rather large species is

widely dispersed from Quebec and Ontario to Florida and

New Mexico. There are at present two examples only in the

Melsheimer collection, the one bearing the name label is dull

bronze with feeble greenish luster, the other brighter green,

but Melsheimer also mentions cupreous specimens ; other color

varieties are dark bronze with greenish thorax, green with

nigroviolaceous thorax, deep blue or violaceous with black

thorax. The green and blue specimens are mostly from the

western and southwestern states (Illinois, Arkansas, Texas,

and New Mexico). I have seen only two green examples from

Pennsylvania, and none as yet from New England. There is

also much variation in sculpture more especially in the micro-

reticulation of the elytra. In the Melsheimer type this aluta-

ceous ground sculpture of the elytra is distinct throughout, but

there is a complete gradation through less distinct and partial

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. V, NO. 4

to complete absence of such sculpture. The blue and green

examples are commonly though not always smoother than the

bronze ones. The fact that the tarsal claws are unusually small

in this species seems not to have before been noticed, and this

combined with the bodily form and alutaceous thorax differen-

tiates it with certainty from all other species but the following,

which see.

2. Phaedon uniformis Fall, n. sp.

Very closely allied to the preceding species, but thus far defi-

nitely separable by the tabular characters. In the dozen or

more examples seen the color is uniformly seneopiceous, the

alutaceous sculpture of the elytra very fine but detectable. The

length in the northern specimens varies from 2.4 to 3 mm., but

in a single example from Georgia in the Bowditch collection

it is 3.2 mm. With the exception of this Georgia specimen all

examples seen by me are from Massachusetts (Wilbraham,

Brookline, Framingham, Natick) and New Jersey (Newark

and Irvington) . The type is a Wilbraham specimen contributed

by Mr. Liebeck; it bears date August 2.

This form is separated under the name ceruginosus in the

Bowditch collection.

3. Ph^don cyanescens Stal

(huachuccB Hatch)

Broadly oval, color usually violaceous, but varying to deep

blue-green. Head and thorax moderately subequally punctate

with extremely minute interstitial punctures and faint traces

of microreticulation. Elytral intervals remotely minutely punc-

tulate and very finely transversely rugulose. Ventral surface

polished and not perceptibly microreticulate at middle, feebly

so at sides.

Length 3.2 to 4 mm. ; width 2.3 to 2.9 mm.

Southern Arizona ( Baboquivari, Chiricahua and Huachuca

mountains) ; New Mexico (Beulah).

4. Ph^don purpurea Linell

(purpurescens Hatch)

This is our largest species ; this, together with the more

oblong form and coarser punctuation and microreticulation of

the ventral surface, at once distinguishes it from cyanescens

April, 1929]

FALL GENUS PH^DON

151

which occurs in the same general region. Linell’s type was from

southwestern Utah. The six examples before me are from the

mountains of southern Arizona ( Baboquivari ; Chiricahua).

5. Ph^don prasinella Lee.

{punctatus Hatch; vandykei Hatch)

Widely dispersed in the Pacific Coast states from Wash-

ington to southern California. I have examined in different

collections some seventy examples of this species from all parts

of its range. These differ so prodigiously and gradually in

color, outline, and sculpture, that an attempt to formulate defi-

nite varieties on such inconstant characters seems wholly futile.

6. Ph^don oviformis Lee.

( ? vancouverensis Hatch)

Quite as variable in color as the preceding species. The

thorax is almost invariably aeneous, but the elytra may be cupre-

ous (type), igneous, dark green, bright green, violaceous or

nearly black. I have never seen a distinctly blue specimen.

The transverse rugulosity of the elytra may be very evident

throughout or it may be virtually absent on the disk and per-

ceptible only near the sides. If there is doubt as to the pres-

ence of this rugulosity, the distinctly alutaceous ventral surface

and slightly smaller claws will separate the present species from

cochlearicB, and the much sparser punctulation of the elytral

interspaces will distinguish it from armoracicB.

Oviformis has a very wide distribution, ranging from Alaska

to New England and descending in the Rocky Mountains to

New Mexico. It is known to me from Fort Yukon, Alaska;

British Columbia, Washington, California, Colorado, New

Mexico (Las Vegas), Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec (Montreal),

Maine (Monmouth, also “wash-up on Androscoggin River” —

Frost).

7. Ph^don armoraci^ L.

Both this and cochlearice are very common European species

and have long been known from our own fauna though gener-

ally with some degree of uncertainty. So far as seen our speci-

mens are either of the typical deep blue color, the prevailing

form in the East, or of a very dark green or greenish black

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

tint, these latter from western Canada. In addition to the

characters given in the table, armoracics is generally distinguish-

able from cochlearicE by its larger size, and the much more

numerous minute punctures of the elytral intervals.

I have seen examples of this species from Maine, Massa-

chusetts, New York, Quebec (Montreal), Colorado (Floris-

sant), Manitoba (Winnipeg, Piquitenay River), Alberta

(Edmonton) and British Columbia (Terrace). Sherman has

recorded it from Labrador.

8. Ph^don cochleari^ Fab.

{carri Hatch)

The most notable single character of cochlearicB is the rela-

tively large tarsal claws, armor acice approaching it most nearly

in this respect. When comparison is made with viridis the dis-

parity in size of the claws is quite marked. European speci-

mens are normally green or blue, but such are comparatively

rare with us. The greater number of American examples seen

by me are seneopiceous. Hatch’s type of carri is described as

cupreous, but he also mentions greenish specimens. This and

uniformis are on the average our smallest species, rarely more

than slightly exceeding 3 mm. in length. Hatch in his descrip-

tion of carri gives the single measurement 3,5 mm., but two

of his paratypes before me measure only 2.7 and 3.2 mm.,

respectively.

Like armor acicE the present species is essentially one of

northern distribution. I have seen specimens from Massachu-

setts, New York (vicinity of Ithaca), Quebec (Montreal),

Ontario (Toronto), Minnesota (Duluth — both blue and bronze

forms), Manitoba (Aweme), Alberta (Edmonton), Utah

(Parowan Mountains, 10,000 feet).

9. Ph^don NIGER Hatch

I have not included this in the foregoing table for reasons

given on a preceding page. Until more certainly normal speci-

mens are forthcoming it is better to suspend judgment. The

type is from Stickney Lake, Snohomish County, Washington,

and was collected by Kincaid.

April, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 153

ON LIPAROCEPHALUS AND ALLIED GENERA

BY J. C. CHAMBERLIN AND G. F. FERRIS

(Continued from page 143)

Adult. This species being the type of its genus and conse-

quently of the group Liparocephali, we are offering a number

of figures of structural details. The general body form and

proportions are shown in Fig. 1C. It may be noted that the

rather broad abdomen has been utilized as a basis for distin-

guishing the genus Liparocephalus from Diaulota. While it is

true that the species of Diaulota appear to be the more slender,

the use of such a character as a primary basis for generic sep-

aration impresses us most unfavorably. Fig. ID shows the

thorax divested of its appendages, the membranous areas being

indicated by stipple. The normally concealed eighth abdominal

segment of the female is shown in Fig. IE; the spermatheca

in Fig. IF; the labium, maxilla and details thereof in

Fig. 1C, H; the mandible and details of the prostheca in

Fig. 1/, /, K and Fig. 2C, H; the posterior tarsi and spatulate

setae in Fig. 3C, H, I; the prothoracic sternum in Fig. 2L ; the

outline of the terminal segments of the antenna in Fig. 20 ;

the labrum in Fig. 2K ; the hypopharyngeal region of the labium

in Fig. 2R.

Larva (Fig. 5). The fully grown larva has definitely been

recognized and correlated with its adult by means of shed skins

found within cocoons associated with pupae so far advanced

that the definitive adult characteristics could be determined.

The length of the larva as expanded on the slide is about 4 mm.,

the body form slender. The head capsule (Fig. 5C), the tergal

plates of the thorax and both tergal and sternal plates of the

abdomen are pigmented and moderately sclerotic ; the ventral

side of the thorax membranous except for very small median

sternites and a median cervical sclerite and ill-defined areas

about the coxae.

The eyes are represented by a single facet on each side.

The antenna (Fig. 5F) is of the characteristic form described

for Staphylinid larvae, the third segment very small and only

slightly larger than a flattened lobe-like seta (Fig. 5F) which

is borne on the second segment. The labrum (Fig. SD)

although very small, is quite distinct, although according to

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

some accounts lacking in Staphylinid larvae, and bears a pair

of small, tubercle-like setae near its center. The mandibles

(Fig. SB ) bear a single large tooth which is followed by a series

of irregular serrations ; the prostheca is lacking. The maxilla

(Fig. 5C) shows but a single lobe, with the palpi three-

segmented and showing at the base an incomplete ring that may

represent a partial fourth segment. The labium (Fig. 5C) has

the palpi two-segmented, the ligula sclerotic and cuneiform.

There is no evident tentorium, nor is there any obvious

hypopharynx.

The first segment of the thorax is distinctly the largest.

Thoracic spiracles are present only between the pro- and meso-

thorax, and are borne upon slight tubercles. The legs terminate

m a single tarsal segment which is distinctly claw-like

(Fig. SH).

The abdomen shows ten distinct segments both dorsally and

ventrally, the tenth segment being quite minute and retracted

into the ninth. The tergal plates overlap to the ventral side of

the body and there are no pleurites. The eighth tergite is

produced posteriorly into a pronounced point and the ninth

(Fig. 57) terminates in a pair of short, slender processes, which

are not jointed. Spiracles are present on the tergites of the

first seven segments and are small and simple.

Within the abdomen, near the apex, is a peculiar globular

sac with sclerotic walls that show a spiral thickening (Fig. 57.;r)

in the form of a thread. This is to us of unknown homologies.

Pupa. The pupa, which is formed within a cocoon, presents

no especially interesting characters. It is entirely hairless.

Lip AROCEPH ALUS coRDicoLLis Leconte

A single male of this species, collected at Moss Beach, San

Mateo County, California, November, 1926, by J. C. Cham-

berlin, is available. L. cordicollis has at times been placed as a

synonym or a ‘ Variety” of hrevipennis, but if our identification

be correct it is quite distinct. It differs from hrevipennis in the

characters noted above and in the details of the genitalia

(Fig. 4A). The pleural plates are shown in Fig. 2A, the eye

in Fig. 2E. The spatulate hairs of the tarsi are especially well

developed in this species (Fig. 3C, D).

April, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 155

Genus Diaulota Casey

With this genus we believe Amblopusa Casey to be strictly

congeneric. We have at hand specimens which we believe to

represent A. hrevipes Casey, the type of Amblopusa, and Pro-

fessor Van Dyke confirms this identification. Amblopusa was

supposed to be distinguished by “the apices of the intermediate

(coxae) separated from the posterior coxae by a conspicuous

interval. ...” It is quite true that the coxae of the middle legs

appear to be a little shorter, or the metasternum a little longer,

in this species than in any of the others, but the difference is at

the most insignificant and its appearance evidently depends

to a great extent on the position of the coxae. If they are erect,

the gap is evident ; if they are depressed, it mostly disappears.

In all characters other than those which appear to us to be

purely specific A . breuipes appears to us to belong to Diaulota

as the latter is represented by specimens that we take to be

D. densissima Casey.

The distinctive characters of the genus as we see them have

been indicated above.

Diaulota brevipes Casey

Material examined. Many adults of both sexes, two pupae

with accompanying larval exuvia, and two or three living larvae ;

Moss Beach, San Mateo County, California, January 11, 1929

(J. C. Chamberlin and G. F. Ferris).

Adult. This species presents a number of extremely inter-

esting features. In life it is clearly marked by the reddish color

of the head and tip of the abdomen. The extent of this colora-

tion is variable, some specimens having but one or two of the

median segments of the abdomen dark, others being dark

throughout except for the head and the tip of the abdomen.

In preparations the broad head (Fig. lA) is quite character-

istic. The genitalia of the male (Fig. 4D) are clearly different

from those of D. insolita, although plainly of the same type.

Details of the labrum are shown in Fig. 2N ; of the labium in

Fig. 2Q ; of the prothoracic sternum in Fig. 2M ; of the pos-

terior tarsus in Fig. 3E.

The most interesting features of the species are connected

with the fact that it is evidently a variable form, at least as

represented by the lot that we happened to collect.

The labial palpi of all these species are credited with being

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

two-segmented, showing only a pseudo^articulation near the

base of the first segment. In our material of this species there

are present specimens showing palpi which are clearly three-

segmented (Fig. 2Q) and others with the normal condition.

The posterior tarsi of all these forms are credited with being

five-segmented, but we have specimens of this species in which

this tarsus is but four-segmented and such specimens are in the

majority. Others, however, show clearly five segments and

Others are intermediate, with more or less indication of a

division (Fig. 3F), the setae on the terminal segment being in

these cases arranged as they are in five-segmented forms.

We regard all this as interesting from a number of points

of view. For one thing it throws light upon the dangers of a

classification which depends upon a series of characters as

limited as is that commonly employed by Coleopterists. Here we

have two characters, the labial palpi and the tarsal segmentation,

which have been used in the separation of major groups, break-

ing down within the limits of a single species. For another

thing it arouses speculation as to the way in which such varia-

tions may become established within a species. It would be

very interesting to know if these variations appear throughout

the entire specific range. Apparently they do not, for all the

existing descriptions accept the species as having five-segmented

tarsi on the posterior legs.

Pupa. The pupa is contained within a cocoon. It differs quite

evidently from the pupa of L. hrevipennis in having the body

sparsely beset with quite long, stout setae.

Larva. The larva of this species is in its general character-

istics very similar to that of L. hrevipennis. Length (on slide)

3 mm. The most conspicuous feature is the form of the ninth

abdominal segment (Fig. 4/) which is produced into two large,

stout lobes. This segment has the derm minutely roughened

and, in company with the eighth, is much more heavily sclerotic

than the others.

The antennae (Fig. 4G) are shorter and stouter than in

hrevipennis and the terminal segment is actually surpassed in

size by the lobe-like seta of the second segment. The tarsal

claws are more slender than in the larva of hrevipennis. There

are very slight differences in details of form and chaetotaxy,

but none that appear to be significant.

April, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 157

Diaulota densissima Casey

1928. Diaulota densissima Casey. Saunders, Annals Ent. Soc. Am.

21:542; fig. 9D, E. F.

Material examined. Numerous adults, both male and female,

from Moss Beach, San Mateo County, California, January 11,

1929, collected by J. C. Chamberlin and G. F. Ferris, and two

or three living larvae taken at the same time and place, which

we consider probably to belong to this species.

Adult. The adult is marked in life by its uniformly dark

coloration. In preparations the slender form of the head

(Fig. IF) is distinctive. Details of the pleurites are shown in

Fig. 2C ; of the hind tarsi in Fig. 2>A, B ; of the genitalia of

the male in Fig. 4F. The heavily sclerotic condition of the

apical parts of the oedagus is in marked contrast to the condi-

tion seen in D. hrevipes.

Larva. Our crediting of certain larvae to this species is

merely on the basis of a process of elimination. The larvae

of L. brevipennis and D. hrevipes are definitely connected with

their respective adults, leaving this third larva to be assigned

either to D. densissima, or L. cordicollis, which is apparently

rare at that locality, or to some unrecognized adult.

The larva is in general practically identical with that of

D. hrevipes, diflering distinctly, however, in the form of the

ninth abdominal segment (Fig. 4£). This segment is produced

into two quite long, slender lobes which terminate in a single

very long seta. The claws (Fig. 4F) appear to be longer and

more slender than in any of the other species.

Biological Notes

Saunders (ref. cited) has given a few notes on the habits of

two species of this group, recorded by him as Liparocephalus

brevipennis and Diaulota densissima Casey. According to him

the adults are able to live under water for a period of three or

four hours and the larvae are predacious. No pupae were seen

by him.

At Moss Beach the four species that we have discussed

occur (all except L. cordicollis in great abundance) in the

cracks of the rocks and under algae out at least to the half-tide

mark. None at all were to be found at extreme high water level,

but the lower limit could not be determined. The larvae and

pupae were found in the same situation. On January 11, larvae

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Fig. 1. Liparocephalus hrempennis Maklin; C, outline of the body,

vestitute of setae not indicated; D, thorax divested of appendages,

sp. the metathoracic spiracle; E, eighth abdominal segment; F, sper-

matheca; G, detail of lacinia; H, maxilla and labium; I, prostheca;

J, pore of mandible; K, mandible. Diaulota brevipes (Casey): A,

outline of head and thorax. Diaulota densissima Casey: B, outline

of head and thorax.

April, 1929] chamberlin-ferris — liparocephalus 159

Fig. 2. Liparocephalus brevipennis Maklin; B, pleurites of fourth

and sixth abdominal segments; F, eye; G, mandibles, prostheca

omitted; H, tooth of right mandible; K, labrum; L, prothoracic ster-

num; O, outline of terminal segments of antenna; R, hypopharyngeal

region and bases of labial palpi, showing the normal pseudo-articu-

lation of the latter. Liparocephalus cordicollis Leconte: A, pleurites

of fourth and sixth abdominal segments. Diaulota brempes (Casey) :

D, pleurites of fourth and sixth abdominal segments; E, eye; M,

prothoracic sternite; N, labrum; P, terminal segments of antenna;

Q, labial palpus, showing three-segmented condition. Diaulota den-

sissima Casey: C, pleurites of fourth and sixth abdominal segments.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL.V, N0.4

seemed to be extremely rare, but pupae of L. breznpennis were

abundant and two or three pupae of D. hrevipes were found.

The apparent scarcity of the latter was probably due to the fact

that they are quite small and were overlooked.

In the case of D. hrevipennis the silken cocoon is formed in

cracks of the rocks in such a fashion that two surfaces are

always in contact with the rock, the cocoon being thus in the

form of a short cylinder with a somewhat ovoid cross section,

about 1 mm. high and 2 by 2.5 mm. in diameter. The material

composing the cocoon is extremely brittle, although quite thick

and holding its definite form. The cocoon of D. hrevipes is

extremely thin, flexible and delicate, is attached to but a single

rock surface and assumes an ovoid or globular shape. It is

definitely “silky” in texture.

We have been unable definitely to locate any structure in the

body of the larva that may be associated with the production

of the silk for the cocoon. We can only suggest that the curious

sac near the apex of the abdomen may have some such con-

nection.

It is of interest to note that although these insects have

Fig. 3. Liparocephalus hrevipennis Maklin: G, posterior tarsus;

H, I, spatulate setae of posterior tarsus; J, comb at apex of posterior

tibia. Liparocephalus cordicollis Leconte; C, posterior tarsus; D,

spatulate seta of posterior tarsus. Diaulota hrevipes (Casey) : E,

posterior tarsus. Diaulota densissima Casey: A, posterior tarsus;

B, simple seta of posterior tarsus; F, comb of setae from apex of

posterior tibia.

April, 1929] chamberlin-ferris— liparogephalus 161

adapted themselves in all their stages to a partially marine life

there are no obviously adaptive structures associated with this

aquatic existence to be f ound upon them. The vestiture of setae

on the adults may serve to retain a film of air, but such a vesti-

ture is not peculiar to these forms. There is apparently no

special closing apparatus for the spiracles. Whether the wing-

less condition and the correlated reduction of the pterothorax

are in any way adaptive features may be doubted. They are

thus simply land forms that have incidentally taken to the water

but have remained essentially terrestrial in all their characters.

Fig, 4. Liparocephalus hrempennis Maklin: C, genitalia of male.

Liparocephalus cordicollis . Leconte: A, genitalia of male. Diaulota

hrevipes (Casey): D, genitalia of male; G, antenna of larva; H, apex

of abdomen of larva. Diaulota densissima Casey: B, genitalia of

male; E, apex of abdomen of larva; F, tarsus of larva.

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Fig. 5. Liparocephalus brevipennis Maklin: Larva: A, general

appearance; B, mandible; C, maxilla and labium; D, labrum; E,

antenna; F, modified seta of antenna; G, dorsal aspect of head cap-

sule; H, tarsus; I, apex of abdomen; x, internal sac of unknown

homology.

April, 1929]

BL AI SDELL ELEODES

163

REVISED SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ELEODES

BELONGING TO THE SUBGENUS METABLA-

PYLIS WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW

SPECIES (COLEOPTERA)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

San Francisco, California

The subgenus Metablapylis is characterized by both general

and genital characters :

General characters. Sculpturing comparatively simple. Anterior

femora mutic; anterior tibial spurs similar in the sexes; anterior tarsi

quite simple beneath, plantar grooves entire, except in sch^arzii,

where the apex of the first joint beneath is noticeably produced,

obstructing the groove apically. Middle lobe of the mentum small,

lateral lobes fully exposed.

For the satisfactory examination of the tarsal characters the

parts should be free of all dirt.

Genital characters. These constitute the essential subgeneric dif-

ferentiation. Specimens cleared and mounted in balsam do not dis-

tinctly reveal the surface sculpturing, nor the surface contour on

account of the loss of the third dimension. For these characters see

the author’s Monograph of the Eleodiini, Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

p. 392. The practical differential diagnosis is to be made from the

general characters.

The following is a revised synoptic statement of the species :

Elytral sculpturing moderately finely muricato-punctate, especially

on the sides and apex.

Pronotal disk strongly convex, sides arcuately deflexed, marginal

bead not visible from above, or but slightly so.

Form elongate, male usually distinctly narrower than the female.

Luster dull, subopaque to opaque; pronotal disk distinctly

but not closely punctate. Oregon, northeastern California,

Washington, Nevada, Dakota, Idaho, Nebraska, Kansas,

New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona nigrina Lee.

Luster bright and shining, form usually more elongate, less

closely sculptured. Wyoming Subsp. perlonga Blais.

Form more robust, size very variable, simulating that of Melan-

eleodes. Washington Subsp. difformis Blais.

Pronotal disk moderately convex, sides not deflexed, marginal bead

visible for entire length from above, densely, closely and dis-

tinctly punctate; form moderately robust. Washington

schnuarzii Blais.

Elytral surface perfectly smooth.

Form ovate, moderately depressed in the sexes; body beneath

inconspicuously, sparsely pubescent.

164 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO- .4

' I ■

Pronotum widest at about apical fourth, apex wider than the

base; more robust species. Arizona dissimilis Blais^

PronOtum subquadrate, widest just in front of the middle; a

more delicate species, tibiae and tarsi very slender. Arizona,

Utah delicata n. sp.

Form subcylindrical, not depressed.

Nigro-piceous, more or less opaque; setae, spinules, and pubes-

cence of undersurface of body ferruginous, longer (1-1.5 mm.)

. and erect, especially on the prosternum; female subovate.

Nevada .nevadensis Blais.

Colpr black throughout, luster dull to feebly shining; pubescence

inconspicuous. Female subcylindrical and elongate as in the

male. Palm Springs, California calif ornica, n. sp.

Eleodes (Metablapylis) delicata Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form rather slender, oblong-ovate, somewhat fragile, related

to nevadensis Blais, and dissimilis Blais. Color black; legs,

antennae and mouth-parts more or less nigro-piceous. Luster

moderately dull and alutaceous. Surface smooth throughout.

Head moderately small, about as long as wide; sides parallel

behind the antennae, slightly prominent at the antennal convexities,

thence quite strongly convergent to the obtusely rounded epistomal

angles, slightly sinuate, at the oblique sutures; epistomal apex feebly,

emarginate, sutures more or less obsolete, sometimes feebly im-

pressed; frons feebly convex, slightly but rather broadly impressed

between the antennae along the suture, finely and rather evenly punc-

tate. Eyes not in the least prominent. Antennae long and slender,

extending two or three joints beyond the pronotal base, not incras-

Sate, joints three to seven inclusive elongate, slightly more than

twice as long as wide, eighth less so and more triangular, ninth and

tenth more rounded, about as long as wide, eleventh obovate and

slightly obliquely truncate at apex; joints eight to eleven slightly

compressed.

Pronotum subquadrate, widest just before the middle, about as

long as wide; base subequal to the apex, truncate in feeble circular

arc; sides more or less evenly and moderately arcuate, a little less

so toward base, marginal bead feeble, not visible when viewed verti-

cally from above; apical and basal angles obtuse but distinct; disk

rather strongly and quite evenly convex, notably arcuately , declivous

laterally, sparsely, finely and obsoletely punctulate.

Elytra oval, slightly narrowed toward base, the latter quite equal

to the pronotal base, less than a third longer than wide, humeri not

evident or very small; sides moderately arcuate, apex obtusely but

moderately narrowly rounded; disk rather strongly convex from

side to side, the latter quite strongly arcuately declivous and some-

what inflexed, central area less convex, sometimes slightly flat-

tened, obliquely declivous apically; striate, striae not to very slightly

April, 1929] BLAISDELL ELEODES 165

impressed, consisting of small closely placed punctures, those of the

Outer striae more or less confused; intervals with a single line of

very fine, more or less obsolete punctures.

Under surface of the body finely and more or less obsoletely punc-

tate. Legs slender, the tibiae notably so, moderate in length.

Male. Usually narrower. Elytra scarcely wider posteriorly; abdo-

men less convex and noticeably flattened along the median third.

Female. Usually broader and more noticeably widened behind.

Abdomen moderately convex.

Measurements. Length (types) 13.5-13 mm.; width 4.-5. 5 mm.

A paratype in the Casey collection. United States National Museum,

has a length of 11 mm.; and a width of 3.5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 2509, and allotype, male, No. 2510, in

collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality. Douglas, Arizona. Five paratypes in the col-

lection of Charles Liebeck, from the type region, taken in

August, and from Hurricane, Utah, at an altitude of 3200 feet,

on July 3, collected by Warren Knaus. Nine specimens studied.

Eleodes (Metablapylis) californica Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form elongate, subcylindrical in both sexes. Color black;

trophi and tarsi piceous. Luster dull to feebly shining. Pubes-

cence black and inconspicuous, setae of the mentum moderately

long.

Head as long as wide, widest across the antennal convexities; sides

before the antennae rapidly convergent, sinuate at the oblique suture,

epistoma short, truncate at apex, angles obtusely rounded; frons

slightly convex, impressions feeble along the epistomal base, punc-

tures moderately fine, dense at the periphery, more widely spaced

in the central area. Middle lobe of the mentum obsolete, represented

by a small carina. Eyes not in the least prominent. Antennae long

and slender, extending two or three joints beyond the pronotal base,

not incrassate; joint three twice as long as eight, joints four to seven

elongate, about twice as long as wide, eight subtriangular and a little

longer than wide, eight to ten subequal in size, rounded, as long

as wide, eleven asymmetrically short ovate, joints eight to eleven

slightly compressed.

Pronotum quadrate, quite strongly convex, widest at apical third;

apex and base truncate, angles obtuse but distinct; sides broadly and

moderately arcuate; less so, straighter and convergent, towards base;

disk very finely, sparsely and obsoletely punctate; sides quite strongly

and arcuately deflexed.

Elytra about three times as long as the prothorax, usually widest

at middle, sometimes slightly widest at about apical third; base

scarcely wider than the pronotal base; humeri very small, not at all

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

prominent; base transverse, scutellum very short, transverse, enter-

ing but slightly between the elytra; sides subparallel, broadly and

less than moderately arcuate, obliquely convergent in apical fourth

to apex, the latter rather narrowly rounded; disk strongly convex

from side to side, but feebly flattened in the sutural area, rather

abruptly and obliquely declivous in about apical fourth, striate, striae

of closely placed, moderate punctures, usually not at all impressed,

intervals with a single series of widely spaced and more or less

obsolete punctules. Legs moderately long and slender.

Male. Slightly narrower than the female. Elytra slightly widest

behind the middle in type, usually widest at the middle. Abdomen

slightly convex and flattened along the median third. Female similar

in form to the male. Abdomen less than moderately convex.

Measurements (types). Length 6-7 mm.; width 5-5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 2511, allotype, male. No. 2512, and

seven paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences. Types collected by the late Charles L. Fox, on

April 3, 1916.

Type locality. Palm Springs, Riverside County, California.

Nine specimens studied. Paratypes collected by E. C. Van

Dyke, April 14, 1925; J. O. Martin, May 20, 1916 and Jan-

uary 19, 1917 ; G. D. Hanna, March 23, 1925.

Calif ornica is the only known species of the subgenus

Metablapylis found west of the Colorado River, in southern

California. Nigrina enters northeastern California by way of

Nevada.

Note on Two Berytid^

In a paper entitled “Key to the Nearctic Genera and Species

of Berytid^” (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXVII, 79-92, 1919)

Mr. W. L. McAtee establishes a genus Aknisus on a new spe-

cies, calvus, and my Jalysus perclavatus, which he considers a

synonym of Hoplinus multispinus Ashmead. He may be per-

fectly correct in this synonymy, but there has been nothing yet

published definitely to substantiate this contention, and until

there is I prefer to use a name for which we know definitely

the insect to which it is applied. Mr. Ashmead’s description

cannot be made to fit my species. In this same paper Mr.

McAtee has established a new genus and species (Saurocoris

instans) for the macropterous form of Acanthophysa echinata

Uhler. The two forms of this species occur together through-

out California. — E. P. Van Duzee.

Aprils 1929] cockerell-timberlake— triepeolus

167

TWO NEW BEES OF THE GENUS TRIEPEOLUS

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL AND P. H. TIMBERLAKE

It is very astonishing that in spite of all the work done on

western Triepeolus, the two finest species at Riverside are not

merely new, but very distinct.

Triepeolus subnitens Cockerell and Timberlake, n. sp.

Male (Type). Length a little over 15 mm.; black, with the labrum,

greater part of mandibles, scape, third antennal joint broadly in

front, and legs, chestnut red; pubescent markings pale ochreous, but

white across face in region of antennae, on middle and hind coxae,

as well as on the three ventral bands of abdomen, while the large

patches at sides of fifth tergite are almost white, the marginal hair

below them pure white; eyes (dry) with less than upper half pale

greenish, the rest dark gray; labrum rugulose; clypeus and supra-

clypeal area bare, shining, with sparse conspicuous punctures and

very numerous minute ones; scutellum strongly bilobed, axillae little

produced; the light pubescent areas of thorax include upper border

of prothorax with tubercles (which are black, not red), lateral mar-

gins of mesothorax and scutello-mesothoracic suture, a pair of clean-

cut narrow-fusiform marks on anterior part of mesothorax (diverging

anteriorly and ending obtusely some distance from anterior margin),

postscutellum and posterior margin of scutellum, about upper half

of mesopleura (the lower margin of the pubescence concave), and

(more thinly) the posterior part of metathorax except the enclosure;

area of metathorax shining, except the median pit; tegulae black, the

margin brownish; wings suffused with brownish; second cubital cell

receiving recurrent nervure at middle; spurs black; hair on inner

side of hind basitarsi dark fuscous, red along the margin; abdomen

robust, the last sternite not at all directed downward apically; black

area on first tergite a broad transverse band, obliquely truncate

laterally, the basal and apical bands of tomentum narrowly inter-

rupted; bands of tomentum on segments two to four broad, on two

with a linear interruption, on the others entire; band on second with

large lateral extensions anteriorly, forming an acute angle with the

band; fifth tergite densely punctured, with large lateral hair patches.

Female. Length less than 13 mm.; eyes pale pea-green; face with

silvery-white hair, only the lower part of the densely punctured cly-

peus bare; scape thick, black, dark red at extreme base; third

antennal joint with a red patch on outer side; mesothorax with the

marginal hair-bands extending anteriorly to meet and include the

discal marks, which become posteriorly directed pointed extensions

from the ends of the marginal bands; mesopleura hairy, with a thin

more or less bare area on lower part; second cubital cell receiving

recurrent nervure well before middle; band on sixth tergite white;

hair on inner side of hind basitarsi clear red.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Riverside, California (Timberlake) ; the female at Helian-

thus annuus, June 28, 1927 ; the male at Gutierrezia sarothrcz,

June 28, 1928.

The sexes look like distinct species. This species falls in

the tables near T. fortis Ckll., but is easily distinguished by the

hairy pleura of the male ; while the black band which reaches

the anterior margin of mesothorax in middle is conspicuously

broadened apically in both sexes, whereas it is parallel sided

or even contracted in T. fortis. The affinities of the species

are with the group of forms classified as races of T. helianthi

Rob., but it is amply distinct from all of them. T. helianthi

arizonensis Ckll., found at Phoenix, Arizona, has the male only

about 8 mm. long, and the pubescent margin of first tergite

not broken anteriorly or posteriorly, but agrees in having the

fringe on fourth and fifth sternites fuscous, though it is only

so on middle of fourth in T. subnitens. The arizonensis form

also has the anterior legs very dark.

[In addition to the above types, I have four females and four

males (paratypes), all taken at Riverside, June 22 to July 22,

1927 and 1928, at flowers of Helianthus annuus (2 $ , 1 $ ) ;

Centaur ea melitensis (2 $ ) ; Gutierrezia sarothrce (1 5 ) ;

Senecio douglasii (1 $), and Coreopsis lanceolata (1 S ). The

females show no significant variation, except in size from about

13 to 15 mm. The males are more variable. They are about

11.5 to 12.5 mm. long. Only one of the four paratype males has

the clypeus covered with white hair, which is presumably abraded

in the other specimens. The clypeus is considerably more

coarsely and closely punctured than in the female, with a very

few larger punctures intermixed. The scape and third antennal

joint sometimes show hardly a trace of red, or the scape at base

and apex, and the third joint on the outer side may be distinctly

suffused with red. In one male the femora are considerably

suffused with black, especially on anterior surface except at

apex. The second recurrent is received by the second sub-

marginal cell, either slightly or considerably bef ore the middle

(in the female paratypes at or slightly before the middle). On

both wings of one male, and on the left wing of another speci-

men, the second intercubitus is incomplete below and reaches

not more than one-half the distance toward the cubitus. Area

between discal marks of mesoscutum sometimes thinly covered

April; 1929] cockerell-timberlake — triepeolus 169

with pale hair anteriorly. Eyes of the male in life yellowish

green, those of the female bluish fuscous on somewhat more

than the lower half, and yellowish green above. — P. H. T.]

Triepeolus trichopygus Cockerell and Timberlake, n. sp.

Male (Type). Length about 13 mm.; black with the labrum,

large part of mandibles, first three antennal joints and base of fourth,

and legs, red; pubescent markings pale ochreous-tinted, not white

around antennae, but broadly white (narrow below) on cheeks, pure

white patches on middle and hind coxae in front and three white

bands with suffused margins on venter of abdomen; eyes (dry)

blackish, the upper end pale green; labrum densely punctured; cly-

peus moderately convex, it and supraclypeal area finely and closely

punctured, moderately shining, with scattered large punctures. Light

ornaments of thorax consisting of upper border of prothorax

(narrowed in middle), margins of tubercles, a pair of narrow fusi-

form stripes (pointed at either end, and not approaching margin) on

anterior part of mesothorax, narrow lateral margins of mesothorax

(failing anteriorly), scutello-mesothoracic suture, postscutellum and

posterior margin of scutellum, posterior face of metathorax exclud-

ing middle (but invading sides) of basal area, and margins of meso-

pleura (very broadly above) ; large bare area on mesopleura quite

closely and strongly punctured; scutellum moderately bilobed; tegulse

dark reddish; wings dilute brown; second cubital cell receiving

recurrent nervure a little beyond middle; spurs black; hair on inner

side of hind basitarsi reddish, but dull; transverse black band of

first tergite very broad, very obliquely truncate laterally, the pubes-

cent bands of this tergite both rather narrowly broken in middle;

pubescent bands on segments two to five narrow, arcuate, entire; that

on second tergite with rather small anterior lateral extensions, nar-

rowed at junction with the band, and forming an acute angle with

it; fifth tergite very finely and densely punctured anteriorly and

posteriorly, central part obscurely reddish, shining, region just back

of the basal densely punctured area abruptly differentiated, with well

separated large punctures, the whole middle area of the tergite with

thin reclining dark fuscous hair, and no light lateral patches, but the

lateral margins densely covered with white hair; last ventral segment

red, strongly curved downward at end.

Male. Entirely similar in appearance; hair in region of antennae

white; scape reddish black, but third antennal joint with a bright

red patch; markings of thorax above paler, creamy-white; tubercles

more hairy; bare patch on pleura not sharply defined; sixth band on

abdomen white; fringes on fourth and fifth sternites long, stained

with brownish apically.

Riverside, California (Timberlake) . The female at Senecio

douglasii, July 25, 1927, the male with the same data, except

that it is July 29.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

A very distinct species, apparently nearest to T. penicilliferus

Brues from Texas, but that differs in the markings, the red

clypeus, tubercles and tegulae, etc. In spite of the strong super-

ficial similarity, the two bees now described belong to different

sections of the genus. In addition to the characters cited,

T. trichopygus differs from T. subnitens in the smaller basal

area of metathorax, the posterior lateral margins of which are

strongly concave.

[Of this species I have four females and eleven males (para-

types) in addition to the types in Dr. Cockerell’s collection.

These were all collected at Riverside from July 12 to August 3

(all except one in 1927). They were all taken on Senecio

douglasii, except one male taken July 12, 1928, on Gutierresia

sarothrcB. The males vary from about 10 to 12 mm, in length;

the females about 12 to 13 mm. in length. In two of the females

the anterior margin of clypeus is suffused with red. In most

of the males the antennae are entirely black except a red patch

on outer side of the third joint, but the scape may be slightly

suffused with red especially at base and apex, and in one speci-

men is entirely red in front. In life the eyes of the male are

green with the margins narrowly fuscous ; in the female the

eyes are black with a pale green spot at upper end. — P. H, T.]

Rediscovery of Euphydryas hermosa (Wright)

While collecting in the neighborhood of Roosevelt Camp,

near Roosevelt Dam in Arizona, under dates of April 18, 19,

20, and 21 this year, Mr. Frank Morand of Los Angeles took

a nice long series in both sexes of what proves to be the rare

butterfly described and illustrated by Mr. W. G. Wright under

the name of hermosa. These specimens are indeed flesh or

salmon red in color and distinctly marked. This species has

long remained unknown because of the type locality, which was

foolishly given as “Southern Arizona.”

Euphydryas quino (Behr) has been taken this year also at

Mountain Springs (Imperial County) and at Jacumba (San

Diego County). — J. D. Gunder.

April, 1929]

CHAMBERLIN ^DINOCHEIRUS

171

DINOCHEIRUS TENOCH, AN HITHERTO

UNDESCRIBED GENUS AND SPECIES OF

FALSE SCORPION FROM MEXICO

(ARACHNIDA— CHELONETHIDA)

BY JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

The material upon which this contribution is based was sub-

mitted by Dr. Alfons Dampf of Mexico City to Dr. R. V.

Chamberlin of the University of Utah, who in turn passed it

on to the writer for report.

Although here described as monotypic, Dinocheirus no doubt

includes a number of other American forms. The genus per-

tains to the family Cheliferidae as heretofore defined.

Dinocheirus Chamberlin, genus novus

Orthotype. Dinocheirus tenoch sp. nov. Mexico

Diagnosis. Cheliferoid genus related to Chernes and Hesperochernes.

Sclerotic parts evenly but finely granulate; appearance dull and not

at all shiny. Eleventh tergite and sternite entire. Intersegmental

and pleural membranes rugose or granulate; interscutal and inter-

segmental membranous areas extensive, not linear. Palpal, carapacal

and tergal setae of a conspicuous denticulo-clavate type; sternal setae

simple and acute.

Carapace with two prominent transverse furrows; without eyes

or eye-spots. Anterior carapacal furrow posterior of median, almost

straight medianly but clearly procurved laterally; posterior furrow

about half as far from anterior furrow as latter is from anterior

carapacal margin and clearly closer to posterior carapacal margin

than to anterior furrow, form as in anterior furrow. Tracheal trunks

normal, without internal projections of any sort. Tergites with about

fifteen marginal setae.

Venom apparatus normal, situated in movable finger only; nodus

ramosus posterior to T and anterior to ST. Chela with accessory

teeth serially developed on either side of marginal series of both

fixed and movable fingers. A few sense spots are found, principally

interiorly, but are not conspicuous. Fingers of chela when closed,

approximate in female, gently but distinctly gaping in male. Chela

strongly differentiated sexually; in female bilaterally swollen beyond

pedicel; in male about twice as greatly swollen on inner as on outer

face, and as a whole very much larger and heavier than in the

female. Chsetotaxy of chela about as in Chernes.^

1 J. C. Chamberlin, U. of Calif. Pub., Tech. Bull. Coll. Ag. Exp. Sta.,

Entomology, 3:(4), p. 238; fig. G (1925).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOLC V,, NO. 4

Palm of chelicera with five setae of which the central one\(SB) is

terminally divided into two or three acuminate teeth. Galea sexually

differentiated; in male small, stylet-like and with no or vestig-ial

branching; in female large or well developed and conspicuously

branched.

Tarsus IV with a subbasal sense-dome and a distal, rather weakly

differentiated, short tactile seta.

Dinocheirus tenoch Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Femur shorter than carapace; fingers shorter than

femur; tibia subequal to femur; fingers slightly but distinctly longer

than hand which in turn is distinctly longer than broad. Hand no

broader than deep in female, but much deeper than broad in male.

Fingers of chela much longer than depth of hand in female, but

clearly, although not greatly, shorter than depth of hand in male.

Trochanter as long as breadth of chela in female, but clearly and

distinctly shorter than breadth in male.

Trochanter pedicellate, nearly bilaterally swollen, with two dis-

tinct protuberances above and behind; 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as

broad. Femur strongly pedicellate, pedicel anteriorly continuing

without enlargement into femur proper, at first weakly convex, then

distinctly concave; posteriorly greatly and suddenly swollen beyond

pedicel, thereafter gently convex; broadest proximad of median;

2.3 to 2.4 times as long as broad. Tibia with stout curved pedicel

beyond which the segment is nearly bilaterally convex; 2.2 to 2.4

times as long as broad. Chela in female about 2.7 times as long as

either breadth or depth; in male about 2.2 times as long as broad

and 1.8 times as long as deep.

Movable finger of chela with forty-four to forty-five marginal teeth

in female and about fifty in male; fixed finger with forty-five to fifty

marginal teeth in either sex. Movable finger exteriorly with a series

of eight or nine accessory teeth in both sexes which are more or

less evenly spaced and lie between the venedens and the thirty-third

marginal tooth; interiorly with three or four accessory teeth in the

female and about six in the male, these lying between the fifteenth

and fortieth marginal teeth. Fixed finger exteriorly with a series of

eight or nine accessory teeth lying between the first and thirtieth

marginals; interiorly with three or four accessory teeth in female

and six or seven in male, lying between the fourteenth and thirtieth

marginals in the first case and between the first and thirtieth in the

second. Nodus ramosus opposite the twenty-first to twenty-fifth

marginal tooth of movable finger of either sex.

Carapace posteriorly bordered by twelve to fourteen setae. Ter-

gites with two lateral, two weakly differentiated median and fourteen

to sixteen marginal setae; no discals. Sternites with two la.teral, two

median and posteriorly with about eighteen marginal setae; medially

with about two true discals laterad of each of the median marginal

setae.

April, „1'929] chamberlin — dinocheirus 173

Holotype. S, (JC- 320.01001) ; allotype, $ , (JC- 320.-

01004) ; paratopotypes, 48 adult $ and 9 specimens, (JC-

320.01002-3 and 320.01005-50). Sifted from a square foot of

humus, rotten leaves and opuntia stalks covering the ground in

a shadowy, deserted garden in the City of Mexico. Collected

by Dr. Alfons Dampf in the month of July 1927, by means

of the Silvestri device. Some forty-seven immature stages, no

doubt pertaining to the present species, were taken at the same

time (JC- 320.02001-47).

All material is in the author’s collection with the exception

of 5 $ and 5 9 paratypes (JC-320. 01007-16) and 20 imma-

ture forms ( JC-320.02001-20), which have been returned to

Dr. Dampf.

A NEW OECLEUS (FULGORID^)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Oecleus perpictus Van Duzee, n. sp.

A strongly marked species related to excavatus Ball, but with

a longer and narrower vertex and five-carinate mesonotum.

Black with pale carinse ; elytra hyaline with a fuscous spot and

apical band; claval suture black and white-banded. Length

5 mm.

Male. Vertex projecting beyond the eyes for two-fifths its length;

narrow deeply excavated, about twice wider at apex than at base;

front spatulate, about twice wider at apex than at base; median

carinse obsolete beyond apical fourth; disk of mesonotum tricarinate,

either lateral area with a short median carina; genital styles project-

ing more than half their length beyond the median tooth, the anal

plate long, obtuse.

Color black; carinae of front and vertex, except at apex; median

vitta on pronotum behind the vertex, and the heavy sutural nervure

clear white, the latter broadly interrupted with black; carinse of

mesonotum and a median vitta fulvous as are those of the clypeus,

and the edges of the pleural pieces; connexivum and legs whitish;

sides of femora, a narrow annulus near base and apex of tibiae and

the apex of the tarsi black; elytra hyaline, veins white, heavily black-

granulate, these granules confluent in places, especially at apex; an

oblique spot on base of anteapical areoles and an apical vitta cover-

ing most of the apical areoles fuscous; clavus mostly infuscated, the

sutural nervure white, twice interrupted with black.

Holotype, male. No. 2526, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by

Mr. J. O. Martin, August 14, 1924, twenty-two miles north of

Tucson, Arizona. Paratypes, two males, taken with the type.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

A NEW CALIFORNIAN MALACHIUS

(COLEOPTERA)

BY J. 0. MARTIN

A series of over fifty specimens of an evidently undescribed

Malachius in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences were taken at Bryson, Monterey County, California,

April 26, 1917, by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee. They were living

within the corolla of a species of blue-flowered Lupine. None

were taken outside the flowers, which frequently enclosed as

many as three individuals,

Malachius floricola Martin, n. sp.

Head greenish black, smooth, shining, moderately punctate,

the punctures with depressed cinereous hairs. Antennae black,

not shining, strongly serrate in the male, less in the female,

inserted near the cephalic edge of the front and extending in

length to slightly beyond the base of the thorax. Prothorax

smooth, shining, of the same color as the head except the

explanate rounded basal angles which are narrowly testaceous :

less closely and more finely punctured than the head but with

the same depressed hairs. Elytra rugose, shining, greenish

black, with a series of depressed short cinereous hairs intermixed

with longer erect setae of the same color; the rounded apices

each with a testaceous lunule in the female, which in the male

is produced as a broad median vitta extending to the base. The

hairs more pronounced on the male elytra, which are not

appendiculate. Legs and underside of body greenish black, pos-

terior margins of abdominal segments testaceous ; underside of

body with cinereous hairs which are less pronounced on the

abdominal segments. Last abdominal segment of male with a

deep V-shaped notch.

Type a male, (No. 2513) and allotype a female, (No. 2514)

and paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

April, 1929]

FULTON NEDUBA

175

THE CAMOUFLAGE CRICKET NEDUBA CARINATA

WALKER (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIID^)

BY B. B. FULTON

North Carolina State College

One of the first insect songs to attract my attention during

my first summer in Oregon was a very rasping rhythmical

note with a quality unlike anything I had heard before. It was

heard frequently around the forest borders and in brushy places.

Several unsuccessful attempts to locate the singer showed me

that it was a task requiring more than the usual amount of

patience. Finally by lying flat on the ground and creeping

cautiously through a thicket of wild rose, I arrived within a

few feet of the sound, but still could not see the insect. After

watching the surroundings for several minutes a slight move-

ment caught my eye and I saw the noise-maker in plain sight

standing among some dead leaves about two feet away. It was

a shield-bearer (Decticinae) so perfectly matched to its sur-

roundings that if I looked away for a moment it was difficult

to again locate the insect. The success of its concealment was

due largely to the principle used in camouflage during the war,

that of breaking up the outline by a patchwork of colors similar

to those appearing in the background. For this reason I sug-

gest the name “camouflage cricket” as a common name for this

insect which proved to be Neduba carinata Walker.

The collecting of specimens in quantity was difficult at first

even though the species is quite abundant. The knowledge of

what to look for did not help much, for they do not conform to

a standard pattern or color. They seem to rely on their invisi-

bility for protection, and resort to jumping only when about to

be stepped on. I learned that the best method of collecting

them was to move along slowly, probing the dead leaves with

my feet until one of the insects was forced to jump. The move-

ment revealed its location and it was then easy to clap a hand

over it. Sometimes one of them will jump several times in

quick succession. A collector must watch carefully where it

stops, for it fades into the background as suddenly as it appears.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. Y,' 'NO. 4

COLOR VARIATION

A survey of a large number of specimens of Neduba carinata

shows a remarkable range of variation in color and pattern.

Three general color phases occur — -gray, yellowish brown, and

reddish brown. Intermediates between any two color phases

may also be found, and rare individuals have one color on the

sides and another on the dorsal area. The reddish brown and

the lighter tones of yellowish brown are duplicated respectively

in the dead maple and oak leaves among which the insects

frequently occur.

The superimposed fuscous or melanin pattern varies inde-

pendently of the ground color. Three types of pattern are

evident, which may be called, shaded, striped, and mottled.

These types are fairly definite although some intergrades occur,

and the degree of intensity of the pattern is also variable.

There are uniformly colored specimens in various shades of

gray, yellowish brown, or reddish brown, depending on the

amount of suffused melanin coloring (Fig. N). In some the

sides of the body are of a much darker shade than the dorsal

area. The striped forms have broad, subdorsal, longitudinal,

abdominal stripes of darker color or black, and often narrower

stripes, demarking a mid-dorsal pale line. The occiput has two

or four longitudinal dark stripes and the pronotal disk may be

striped in various ways (Fig. O). The mottled phase has the

dark color arranged so as to leave many rounded pale spots of

various sizes on nearly all parts of the body including the legs

(Fig. P). These forms frequently show the broad, darker sub-

dorsal, abdominal stripes in which the pale spots are usually

absent. The mottled phase is the Neduba carinata picturata

Scudder, which was originally described as a distinct species.

Since the mottled , pattern occurs in all degrees of intensity and

is sometimes blended with the shaded or striped pattern, a

variety name for the mottled phase is not warranted.

The only marks that seem to be constant for all specimens

,are: (1) A pale stripe from the eye to the lateral carinae of

pronotum and sometimes extending along the latter as. far as

the constriction. (2) A dark or black area on the side of the

April, 1929]

FULTON — NEDUBA

177

pronotum leaving a pale area on the ventral edge. (3) A broad

dorsal paler area on the abdomen, expanding on the fourth

abdominal segment and two and a half to three times as wide

on the fifth. This area is bounded by dark stripes in some

specimens and is very poorly outlined in others, but can always

be detected, at least in fresh specimens.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Caudell ^ gives the range of this species, based on specimens

examined, as extending along the Pacific Coast from Welling-

ton, B. C., to Palo Alto and Sierra Madre, California. Buckell ^

states that it also occurs in the Okanagan Valley in British

Columbia. My acquaintance with it is limited largely to western

Oregon, where it is widely distributed and quite common. It

occurs to some extent in the pine forest on the eastern slope

of the Cascades, but probably not in any of the higher portions

of the range. Along the upper part of the Rogue River, at an

altitude of 2800 feet, it was fairly abundant, but none were

found or heard near Crater Lake, altitude 7000 feet.

ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION

In western Oregon the camouflage cricket would be classed

as a forest dweller. It is most abundant along the forest

borders and in open deciduous woods, and shrub thickets.

Even single deciduous trees or clumps of bushes standing a few

hundred feet from the forest border may shelter colonies of

Neduba. In the virgin fir forest it occurs only sparingly in the

more open spots. In the Hood River Valley it could be found

under oak trees, but not under pure stands of pine.

In general it seems to prefer places where there is sufficient

light to promote an abundance of green undergrowth and where

the ground is covered with dead deciduous leaves. Even in the

pine forest of the eastern slope of the Cascades there are open

spots where the deciduous undergrowth or clumps of deciduous

trees may supply the favored habitat conditions.

1 Caudell, A. N. The Decticinee of North America. Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus. 32:285-410, 1907.

2 Buckell, El. R. Proc. Ent. Soc. of B. C. September 1922, No. 20.

Systematic series.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

1/^8

HABITS

The song consists of a rhythmical series of from three to

thirty or more notes, but most commonly from twelve to twenty.

The frequency varies with the temperature in a general way, but

there is considerable variation at the same temperature between

different individuals, and even in the song of the same indi-

vidual at different times. At 63 degrees F. the frequency varied

between the rates of 130 and 140 per minute. Each note is

made by one closing movement of the abbreviated tegmina of

the insect.

The notes are in no sense musical, so it would be difficult to

ascribe a pitch to them. They resemble the scraping of a file

with a piece of steel or the rasping of the teeth of a fine comb.

The quality of the sound is different from most of the rasping

stridulatory notes of the Orthoptera in that it is essentially a

squeaky sound like that produced by flexing two pieces of

heavy leather. Caudell has aptly described the sound as “similar

to that made by a person gritting the teeth together, but in a

higher key.” The first note of a series differs from the others

by starting with a more pronounced squeak probably made by

the initial spreading of the tegmina. To my own imagination

the notes seem to repeat the syllables “zwee-wee-wee-wee.”

Singing may occur to some extent during the day, but

increases toward evening. At night the males become more

active and can be approached with less caution. By the light

of a pocket flash they can be seen wandering about on the

ground and climbing low bushes singing as they go. At times

they seem to become very excited and dance with one or both

hind legs. They continue their song until after midnight, but

in the cool early morning hours before daylight they are usually

silent.

The females are much less in evidence at night and are prob-

ably feeding or laying eggs. The latter act is accomplished by

thrusting the long ovipositor deep into the leaf mold. Appar-

ently the eggs are deposited singly anywhere among the debris

covering the ground.

Mating was not observed, but females were found bear-

ing a large spermatophore of the type common among the

Tettigoniidae.

: F-Ui,TON NEDUBA

179

April, .1929]

LIFE HISTORY,

The young camouflage crickets hatch in early April or pos-

sibly in the latter part of March in the vicinity of GDrvallis,

Oregon. Early in May they reach the third instar, and in June

or July they mature.

There are six nymphal instars, which can be distinguished by

the length of pronotum and hind femur and, more accurately,

by the degree of development of the ovipositor and male geni-

talia. Minimum and maximum measurements in millimeters

for the length of pronotum, hind femur and ovipositor of the

various instars are given in the following table :

Instar

Adult

Pronotum

1.2

1.9

2.5

3.6

4.9

7.5

8.7

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.0

5.5

10.0

Hind femur

3.7

5.3

7.0

9.0

12.0

16.0

18.8

4.5

6.0

8.8

10.3

13.5

21.5

Ovipositor

1.2

2.0

4.0

9.0

16.

2.2

4.5

In the first instar the insects conform more closely to a

single type of color pattern, as shown in Fig. M. Nearly all

have a pale yellow stripe from base of antenna to lateral carina

as far as the constriction in the pronotal disk, and including the

upper portion of the eye. The second and later instars show

all the great range of color variation apparent in the adults.

The sexes can be distinguished in the first instar. The ovi-

positor originates as a pair of projections on the eighth sternite

and two pairs on the ninth sternite (Fig. A). In each succeed-

ing instar they become more elongated, and in the third and

later instars the inner projections of the ninth segment are con-

cealed (Fig. B, C, D, E). The ovipositor of the sixth instar

is not figured, for it is similar to the fifth but longer and flatter.

The teeth of ovipositor do not appear until the adult stage

(Fig. F).

The male external genitalia show marked changes only in

the subgenital plate which originates as a two-horned projec-

tion on the ninth sternite and increases in relative size in sue-

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

ceeding instars while the horns are reduced to right angles

(Fig. G, H, I, J. K, L).

The eggs are elliptical in outline, 4 mm. long and 1.75 mm.

wide. They are very turgid and the shell is tough, leathery, and

shiny. The color is raw sienna or brown with an olive tinge.

Under the low power of a compound microscope the entire sur-

face of the egg is seen to bear minute teeth projecting slightly

above the general surface and spaced equidistantly. No definite

micropyle can be distinguished, and both ends of the egg are

identical in appearance.

N eduba carinata. A, B, C, D, ventral view of tip of abdomen of

female nymphal instars 1 to 4, respectively. E, lateral view of tip of

abdomen, female instar 5. F, tip of ovipositor of adult or seventh

instar. G, H, I, J, K, ventral view of tip of abdomen of male instars

1 to 5, respectively. L, same of adult male. M, markings of first

instar. N, dorsal view of body and lateral view of hind femur of

shaded form. O, same of striped form. P, same of mottled form.

April, 1929]

OLSEN — TETRIGIN-E

181

NOTES ON THE TETRIGIN^ OF UTAH

BY O. WILFORD OLSEN^

The purpose of this paper is to list and give the distribution

of the species of grouse locusts of the subfamily Tetrigince of

Utah, now in the Brigham Young University collection.

A study of the literature reveals that only two genera and

two species have been reported for the state. Hancock in

“The Tettigidse of North America,” 1902, pp. 164-165, reports

Acrydium granulatum Scud. (Tettix granulatus Scud.) and

Paratettix texanus Hanc., both taken by Dr. E. A. Schwarz in

1891 at American Fork, Utah. Blatchley (“Orthoptera of

Northeastern America,” 1920, p. 177) regards Paratettix tex-

anus Hanc. “as an absolute synonym of cucullatus.”

Hancock reports eleven genera and sixty-four species of

Tetrigince for North America, of which four genera and twenty

species may be considered to have a range extending into the

western United States. Of those extending westward four

genera and seven species are reported in this paper.

Annually during the past few years Dr. Vasco M. Tanner,

head of the Department of Zoology and Entomology, has con-

ducted collecting expeditions throughout the state, although

with no especial attention directed toward the collection of these

diminutive forms.

The following is a list of the species and their distribution :

Nemotettix cristatus (Scud.), det. by Rehn, 1928.

1 $ , Provo ; 1 $ , Logan Canyon, Toney’s Ranger Station,

June 17, 1926, by Vasco M. Tanner; 1 $ , 2 9 , Sheep Creek,

Duchesne County, June 24, 1926, by V. M. Tanner.

Acrydium granulatum (Scud.), det. by Rehn, 1928.

3 (5,2 9 , Provo, April, 1927, by O. Wilford Olsen, A. B.

Call and D. E. Beck; 2 5,1 9 , May, 1927, East Shore Utah

Lake, by D. E. Beck ; 1 9 , East Shore Utah Lake, October,

1928, by O. W. Olsen ; 1 5 , Rosevere Creek, Raft River

Mountains, June 15, 1928, by D. E. Beck; 1 5 , Bears Ears, Elk

Ridge, by V. M. Tanner; 2 9 , Aspen Crove, Mt. Timpanogos,

6800 feet, by V. M. Tanner; 1 5 , Farr West, June 11, 1926, by

V. M. Tanner; 1 5, Unknown.

1 Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology of the

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

182

THE PAN-PAeiKC: ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, N0.^4.

Acrydium hrunneri (Bolivar).

1 $, Piute Reservoir, Junction, July 13, 1927, by Clarence

Cottam; 1 $ , Provo, April, 1927, by D. E. Beck. . . -

Acrydium acadicum (Scud.), det. by Rehn, 1928.

1 ^ , Sheep Creek, Duchesne County, June 24, 1926, by V. M.

Tanner.

Paratettix cucullatus (Burmeister), det. by Rehn, 1928.

7 ^ , 3 $ , Riverdale, Weber River, June 8, 1926, by V. M.

Tanner and J. D. C. Brown ; 1 $ , Moab, June 9, 1927, by V. M.

Tanner; 2 ^,1 $, Farr West, June 11, 1926, by V. M.

Tanner; 1 S, East Shore Utah Lake, by V. M. Tanner.

Paratettix toltecus (Sauss.), det. by Rehn, 1928.

1 S , Zion National Park, August 27, 1926, by V. M. Tanner ;

1 $, Zion National Park, April 18, 1924, by V. M. Tanner;

1 $, 2 ^ , St. George, August, 1925, by V. M. Tanner; 1 $ ,

East Shore Utah Lake, by V. M. Tanner.

Apotettix rugosus (Scud.).

1 S , Moab, June 10, 1927, by V. M. Tanner.

References

Blatchley, W. S.

1920, Orthoptera of North Eastern America, pp. 149-179.

Essig, E. O.

1926, Insects of Western North America, pp. 70-71.

Hancock, John L.

1902, The Tettigidae of North America.

1900, Synopsis of Subfamilies and Genera of North American

Tettigidae, Psyche 9 No. 285, p. 6.

Hebard, Morgan.

1925, The Orthoptera of South Dakota, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiL,

vol. LXXVII, pp. 33-155, see pp. 44, 45, 46 and 49.

Additions to the Oshanin Katalog

The following three Pentatomids from the palsearctic region

of China have been received by the California Academy of

Sciences: Mrs. Dora E. Wright took one specimen of Casira

hhoutanica Schout. at Tung-lu, Che-Chiang Province, May 22,

1926, and Dr. E. C. Van Dyke took M egarrhynchus intermedins

Voll. and Urocheld distincta Dist. at Nanking and Hangchow,

China, all well within the area included as palaearctic by

Oshanin. — E. P. Van Duzee.

April, 1929] ' tanner-^mexican bean beetle 183

THE MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE IN UTAH*

BY VASCO M. TANNER

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

One of the few coccinellid beetles, Epilachna corrupta Muls,,

which feed by choice upon plant tissue, has spread during the

last decade into many states of the nation and as a result has

become one of our serious pests. This beetle was originally

described by M. E. Mulsant in 1850 from specimens col-

lected in Mexico. In 1864 it was first recorded as occurring

in the United States, and in 1883 ^ it was reported as doing

damage to beans in Colorado. It has continued to be a pest

in that state, and in 1921 Mr. George M. List ® had the follow-

ing to say of its ravages :

“The Mexican bean beetle has practically destroyed commercial

bean-growing in the infested sections of Colorado, and in many

localities has even made the successful growing of beans in the home

gardens very difficult.”

Dr. N. F. Howard ^ reports that now this insect is a serious

pest of the beans of the southeastern states. New York and

Michigan.

HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION

In Utah the Mexican bean beetle was first observed by the

bean growers of Springdale and Rockville in Washinglion

County about 1919, but it was not reported as a pest until 1921.

In the fall of 1921 the writer was asked to investigate the bean

patches of these settlements and see what could be done with

the insects that were destroying this crop.

A study of the situation showed that about one-fourth of

the crop was destroyed and that the insect responsible for the

damage was the one in question. A brief report of these find-

ings was made to the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in

April 1922,® and specimens were sent to Mr. George M. List

in July 1922, who reported this to the Journal of Economic

EntomologyP These are the first official records, so far as the

writer is aware, of this species in Utah. Dr. I. M. Hawley,

entomologist at the Utah Experiment Station in 1924, informed

me that he had no record of this beetle having been collected

• Contribution No. 18 from the Department of Zoology and Ento-

mology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

in any part of the state except Washington County, and that

not prior to 1922.

In the face of these facts I am led to question the statement

in the Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 15, 1922 ^ in

which it is held that the Mexican bean beetle was introduced

into Alabama from Utah in alfalfa hay. On page 107 of this

journal we find the following:

“It now seems certain that the insect was introduced into Alabama

in shipments of alfalfa hay from Utah. Dr. Ball states that before

the war the bean-growing area in Utah was isolated from the alfalfa

growing regions, but during the war it became profitable to grow

beans in alfalfa regions and for the first time the beetles had an

opportunity to be carried out of the state in alfalfa hay. It was at

this time that it was carried to Alabama.”

This seems very improbable since we have no records of

alfalfa hay having been shipped from these infested settlements

on the Virgin River to Alabama or to any other parts of the

United States. Just what reasons Dr. Ball had for supposing

that this insect was taken from this state to Alabama are not

known to the writer.

A study of the dispersal of this pest in Washington County

has been made with considerable care and interest. In 1923 it

was collected at LaVerkin and Hurricane, towns on the Virgin

River about twenty miles southwest of Rockville. In 1924 it

was first observed at Washington, which is twenty-five miles

west of LaVerkin. In 1925 Mr. A. M. Woodbury of St.

George collected it at Veyo, a distance of twenty-two miles

north of Washington and about sixty-five miles west of Rock-

ville. In 1927 it was common in St. George and in 1928 it was

collected at Central, a small town about eight miles north of

Veyo. This shows a slow but gradual dispersal from the settle-

ments where it was first observed.

In 1927 this species was first reported as a pest at Moab,

Utah. This newly infested area is on the Colorado River and

about 225 miles northeast of the Rockville region. Last year,

1928, considerable damage was done in this new area. So far

as the writer knows, these are the only two infested regions

in Utah.

April, 1929] TANNER — MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE

185

LIFE HISTORY

No detailed life-history studies have been made of this beetle

in Utah. However, some observations on the hibernation, emer-

gence, and food habits have been made that may be of interest

at this time.

This beetle passes the winter only in the adult stage. I have

collected live beetles under leaves in clumps of willows in

November at Rockville, and Mr. H. R. Russell of Springdale

found about a dozen hibernating individuals under the dead

bark of a cottonwood tree in December. These beetles do not

emerge until late spring, and very few eggs are found before

the middle of June. By the 4th of July the larvae seem to be

about half grown. The second generation is usually small and

second-brood eggs have been observed about the 10th of August.

All varieties of beans are attacked, but careful observations

have failed to reveal them as a pest of other plants. Where

bean patches were growing alongside alfalfa fields, I failed to

find either the larvae or adult beetles on the alfalfa.

SUMMARY

1. The Virgin River and Santa Clara Creek areas in Wash-

ington County and Moab on the Colorado River in Grand

County are the only areas in Utah that are known to be infested

with the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna corrupta Muls., at this

writing, January, 1929.

2. This species is slowly but surely being distributed over

the State of Utah.

3. There seems to be very little if any evidence to support

the contention that the southern states were infested by beetles

from Utah.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(1) Mulsant, M. E. 1850. Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securi-

palpes. Paris.

(2) Chittenden, F. H. 1898. Insects Injurious to Beans and Peas.

Year Book U. S. Dept. Agri., 1898, pp. 233-260.

(3) List, George M. 1921, The Mexican Bean Beetle. Agri. Exp.

Sta., Colo. Agri. Coll. Bull., 271, August 1921.

(4) Howard, Neale F. 1928. Some Notes on the Mexican Bean

Beetle Problem. Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 21, 1928, pp. 178-182.

-186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

(5) Tanner, Vasco M. 1922. The Bean Ladybird Epilachma corrupta

Muls. Found in Southwestern Utah. Proc. Pac. Coast Ent.

Soc., Vol. 2,, No. 1, p. 4.

(6) List, George M. 1922. Mexican Bean Beetle. Jour, of Ecori.

Ent., Vol. 15, 1922, p. 373.

(7) 1922. Mexican Bean Beetle (Night Session). Jour, of Econ.

Ent., Vol. 15, . 1922, p. 107.

SOME NEW WESTERN HEMIPTERA

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

The following apparently new Hemiptera from western

North America have come into the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences within the past few years:

Aradus leachi Van Duzee, n. sp.

Aspect of insoletus Van D., but larger with greatly thickened

antennae, the second segment of which is mostly pale. Length

5.5 mm.

Female. Blackish fuscous; segment II of antennae pale yellowish

shading to fuscous on basal third; membrane whitish at base, becom-

ing pale fuscous at apex; corium with some of the cross- veins faintly

pale; narrow hind edge of pronotum and apical nervure of corium

tinged with castaneous; extreme apex of connexival segments and

some of the granules greenish white; coxae and extreme base and

apex of femora and tibiae touched with pale; claws pale; venter

obscurely varied with castaneous.

Length of head equal to its width including eyes; preocular tuber-

cles obsolete, postocular obtuse; impressed lines on vertex slightly

oblique, evanescent posteriorly; antenniferous spines strong, without

lateral teeth. Antennal segments II and III stout, much thicker

than anterior femora; II one-third longer than III; IV much thinner,

three-fifths as long as III; I exceeding middle of tylus. Pronotum

shaped as in insoletus, angled either side just behind the middle;

margin obscurely granulate and very feebly arcuate anteriorly, form-

ing a right angle behind the eye; carinae faint, the median straight,

parallel and percurrent. Scutellum triangular, flat, the base not ele-

vated; sides slightly elevated, apex upturned, concolorous, Elytra

reaching genital segment, but little expanded at base as in insoletus.

Abdomen moderately expanded, about as in insoletus. Bucculae

strongly elevated anteriorly. Rostrum attaining base of prosternum;

margin of genital plates slightly sinuate, not contiguous at base of

apical notch.

April, 1929] ; , ; yAN duzee — ^hemiptera 187

Holotype, female, No. 2515, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

by Mr. E. R. Leach, July 27, 1927, at 6000 feet, on Mount

Lassen, California.

This most interesting species runs nearest to coarctatus in

Parshley’s key (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLVII, 24, 1921), but

the width of third antennal segment is but two-fifths of the

distance between the eyes. It bears the same relation to the

group of species having thick antennae as does insoletus to those

with thin antennae. Disregarding the antennae insoletus has

sharper pronotal angles, a shorter rostrum, a broader and flatter

scutellum, and the surface more uniformly dotted with pale

granules. It gives me pleasure to dedicate this very distinct

species to Mr. Leach, who has enriched the Academy collection

with many interesting insects, during the formation of his

collection of Coleoptera.

Lygaeus (Ochrostomus) foederatus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Form and aspect of pyrrhopterus Stal, but more closely

related to carnosulus Van D. and rubricatus Barb.; black, three

large basal spots on pronotum, apex of scutellum and the elytra

red; membrane black, bordered with white. Length 7 mm.

Pronotum with a slender but strongly raised collum; surface

impunctate as in the allied species; the four transverse lines between

the lobes deep; antennae a little stouter than in carnosulus', segment

II slightly longer than III. Elytral veins more lightly elevated than

in carnosulus, about as in pyrrhopterus. Bucculae shorter than in

pyrrhopterus, attaining basal third of gula. Rostrum reaching to

hind coxae, segment I passing base of head.

Color black, closely, minutely sericeous pubescent, especially

below where the color becomes piceous, paler on the venter. Base

of head with a small yellowish dot; collum sometimes tinged with

red; posterior lobe of pronotum with three large clear red spots,

nearly or quite confluent on basal margin, the lateral slenderly pro-

duced along the margin to the collum; scutellum red on apical

third; elytra dull red, sometimes clouded with fuscous on clavus,

apex of corium concolorous; white edge of membrane as wide as in

carnosulus', beneath, with the acetabulae, trochanters, narrow pos-

terior margin of pleurae and the bucculae whitish; broad anterior

margin of prosternum as far as the eye white or yellowish, sides of

propleurae posteriorly broadly red, genital segments deep black;

antennal tubercles paler, the antennae paler apically. Orifices black.

Holotype, male. No. 2516, and allotype, female. No. 2517,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by E. P. Van Duzee, August

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

13, 1924, at Sabino Canon, Santa Catalina Mountains,

Arizona. Paratypes, six females same data and one female

taken at Magna, Arizona, August 18, 1924.

This species is related to rubricatus Barber, but seems to be

sufficiently distinct. The prominent collum and concolorous

corium will superficially distinguish the present species.

Lygaeus (Craspeduchus) defessus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Allied to uhleri, but with the pale markings less extended;

blackish fuscous, spot on base of vertex, margins and median

line of pronotum and costal margin of elytra rufous; bucculse,

margins of pleurae and the abdomen pale, the apex of the latter

black. Length 8 mm.

Form and size of uhleri, bucculae narrower posteriorly, the margin

almost rectilinear, not elliptical as in uhleri. Broad anterior margin

of pronotum and median depressed transverse area coarsely punc-

tured, the punctures obsolete on posterior lobe. Other characters

essentially as in uhleri.

Color blackish fuscous; pale spot on base of vertex distinct; pale

margins of pronotum less extended than in uhleri, narrow on hind

edge and on the sides opposite the area of the callosities; median

pale line subobsolete anteriorly; elytra black; scutellar margin of

clavus more or less rufescent; costa red, broadly so at base narrow-

ing posteriorly and becoming obsolete at one-fourth from apex; pale

margin of membrane narrow; acetabulae and pleural margins pale,

more broadly so on propleurae; orifices black; abdomen pale or

rufescent; sixth ventral and genital segments black, as are the legs

and antennae. Vestiture of minute pale hairs, nearly or quite obso-

lete on pronotum, scutellum and elytra, longer on venter.

Holotype, male. No. 2518, and allotype, female. No. 2519,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by Mr. J. R. Slevin, July 29, 1919,

at Miraflores, Lower California.

This species, described from a single pair, may vary toward

uhleri through the extension of the pale markings above, but

the narrower bucculse will at once distinguish the species.

Key to the Western Species of Arphnus Stal

Tylus short, produced before the bucculae for a distance scarcely

more than half the length of the bucculae; head, pronotum and

abdomen blackish piceous tristis n. sp.

Tylus longer, produced before the bucculae for a distance fully

equal to the length of the bucculae; color paler, the head and

pronotum sometimes piceous 2

April, 1929]

VAN DUZEE HEMIPTERA

189

2. Tylus attaining middle of antennal segment II; median carina

of pronotum obsolete behind the middle; membrane hyaline

or faintly smoky; femora usually concolorous

coriacipennis Stal

— Tylus attaining apical third of antennal segment II; mem-

brane with a longitudinal median cloud; color pale, femora

piceous profectus n. sp,

Arphnus coriacipennis StM

This is a common species throughout California ranging

north to northern Oregon near the coast. As found about San

Francisco, the type locality, generally the head and pronotum

are more or less piceous and the basal joint of the antennae and

the femora are concolorous or nearly so. Specimens from

Mesa Grande, on the Russian River, California, are smaller and

paler without the piceous shading, while others from San Diego

County have the lower surface piceous or almost black. In this

genus the insect seems to become pale under cool conditions,

the reverse of what we usually find.

The following two forms should, perhaps, be considered as

geographical races of this :

Arphnus tristis Van Duzee, n. sp.

Size and form of coriacipennis, darker with shorter tylus.

Length 4 to 4.75 mm.

Tylus viewed from above tapering to a blunt apex, the sides

scarcely parallel as it is in coriacipennis, its apex attaining basal third

of antennal segment II; surpassing the bucculae by a distance equal

to about half the length of the bucculae; sides of the pronotum recti-

linear, not obviously carinate anteriorly. Lower surface of head

densely sericeous pubescent; anterior femora strongly incrassate,

abruptly narrowed at base; vertex minutely but obviously trans-

versely wrinkled, with a few scattering punctures.

Color piceous black, sometimes paler on disk of pronotum and

base of antennal segment IV; segments II, III, and lower surface

of I, base and apex of femora, tibiae, tarsi except the claws, and

portions of the genital segments piceo-ferruginous; elytra soiled

testaceous, sometimes darker on disk; tip of clavus and corium often

with a dark point.

Described from two males and four females swept from

weeds along the bank of Truckee River, two miles east of

Sparks, Nevada, June 28, 1927, and two females from near the

same river between Sparks and Reno, June 27.

190

THE TAN-PACIFie ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Holotype, male, No. 2520, and allotype, female. No. 2521,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, June 28,

1927, near Sparks, Nevada.

Arphnus profectus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Narrower and paler than coriacipennis Stal, with the tylus

strongly produced. Length 4 to 5 mm.

Tylus attaining apical third of antennal segment II; surpassing

the bucculae by more than the length of the bucculae. Its sides par-

allel nearly to the obtuse apex; sides of pronotum feebly bisinuate,

obtusely carinate anteriorly; median carina percurrent or nearly so;

lower surface of head and the pleurae in part short, white-pubescent.

Color ferrugino-testaceous, paler on the elytra; antennal segment

IV, except at base, and femora, except base and apex, black or

nearly so; median line of pronotum, scutellum and claval commissure

distinctly pale; membrane hyaline with a distinct median cloud; tip

of clavus and corium with a distinct brown dot.

Described from three males and four females taken by Mr.

J. O. Martin and the writer on Laguna Mountain, San Diego

County, August 23 and 24, 1924, at 6000 feet elevation. One

of the females has the antennae scarcely exceeding the tylus, and

segments II, III and IV connate, forming a black-tipped club,

but it is otherwise normal.

Holotype, male. No. 2522, and allotype, female. No. 2523,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by J. O. Martin, August 24, 1924,

on Laguna Mountain, California.

Rhabdocephala Van Duzee, n. gen.

Related to Pyrops Spinola, but the elytra not at all Valvata,

their base not reticulated and the hind tibiae but trispinose.

Head produced in a long porrect subterete process with eight

obscure carinae, three dorsal, three frontal and one lateral on either

side; a little widened, flattened, bluntly triangular and carinate at

apex. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum feebly transversely convex,

the last two very obscurely tricarinate. Clypeus feebly convex,

sharply carinate at sides. Base of head armed with a postocular

callus. Rostrum attaining apex of hind coxae. Elytra four times

as long as wide, lanceolate, obliquely truncate at apex; venation

strong and simple at base, reticulated at apex; radius simple, medius

forked near base, cubitus forked before the middle, its outer branch

twice forked; claval veins united before their junction with the com-

missure; reticulations of anal area of hind wings coarse. Hind tibiae

with three spines, one subbasal and two beyond the middle.

Type of genus Rhabdocephala brunnea Van D.

April, 1929]

VAN DUZEE HEMIPTERA

191

Rhabdocephala brunnea Van Du'zee> n. sp.

Cephalic process as long as from base of pronotum to tip of claVal

veins, three times as long as the width across the eyes, distinctly

wider across the expanded tip than immediately before the eyes,

carinate apex bluntly angled, median dorsal carina obsolete at base

and apex, median frontal carina obsolete at base, the lateral frontal

carinae forming the marginal carina of the expanded tip; lateral

carinae becoming obsolete at apex. Apical margin of pronotum

nearly truncate, hind margin feebly emarginate; scutellum a little

longer than pronotum. Basal two-thirds of elytra with reticulations

very obscure. Male plates oblique, their depressed sides triangu-

larly widened at apex, the narrow ligulate apex of the stiles pro-

truding on either side, their tips recurved.

Color testaceous brown, the head, pronotum and scutellum faintly

tinged with green and obscurely varied with sanguineous; elytra with

an oblique apical fuscous cloud, the veins pale; wings enfumed, the

costa and veins at base paler, basal area marked with red; abdomen

darker; apex of tergum pale, its base and the edge of the segments

reddish; legs pale, irrorate with brown; hind tibiae pale; pleural flaps

pale below. Length 12 to 17 mm.

Holotype, male. No. 2524, and allotype, female. No. 2525,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by E. P. Van Duzee, August 11,

1924, sixteen miles south of Tucson, Arizona, along the road

to Nogales. Paratypes two males and two females taken with

the types and one female taken at San Xavier Mission near

Tucson, August 12, 1924.

I can find no established genus that will include this interest-

ing fulgorid. Its smooth cephalic process and different vena-

tion will serve to separate it at once from Dr. Ball’s genus

Scolopsella to which it is perhaps most closely related in our

own fauna. On some of the males the elytra are covered with

a whitish bloom indicating it was their breeding season. They

were found on a narrow-leaved composite plant which, by its

bright green color, was very conspicuous among the whitish

desert vegetation about it

The numbers of volume five of The Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist were mailed as follows: No. 1, July 28, 1928; No. 2,

December 29, 1928; No. 3, April 19, 1929; No. 4, May 31, 1929.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph. D., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

The annual field day of the Pacific Coast Entomological

Society was held in Bates’ Gulch at Woodacre, Marin County,

April 21, 1929. Twenty-six members and visitors were present.

There was a cool misty rain all day, so very little collecting

could be done. However, two good fireplaces and lunch tables,

kindly prepared for us under the redwood trees by Mr. Donald

McKee, one of the owners of the property, contributed much

to our lunch and enabled us to enjoy a pleasant and profitable

meeting.

Many of our local entomologists will be in the field this

summer. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke leaves May 14 for a few weeks’

collecting in Sequoia and General Grant National Forests. Mr.

J. O. Martin leaves in May for two or three months’ collecting

about Waco, Texas, the type locality of many of the insects

described from material sent out by Mr. Belf rage ; your editor

and Mr. Robert Usinger leave June 3 for a month’s work in

Inyo and Mono counties, California, and Dr. F. E. Blaisdell

leaves early in July for a week or two collecting about Lovelock,

Nevada. Then in early June Mr. George Swarth leaves for

Atlin, B. C., where he and his parents will spend the summer.

Mr. Kenneth McCorkle will accompany them and he and

George both will collect insects as opportunity offers. The

material taken by all these parties will come into the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences and should add some

interesting species in all orders to the Academy collection.

In this issue we include a plate showing something of the

eighth annual butterfly show held at the Los Angeles Museum.

The country contributary to Los Angeles has perhaps the

richest butterfly fauna found in the United States, and this may

in part account for the enthusiastic group of collectors of the

Lepidoptera found in that city.

INDEX TO VOLUME V

193

Acanthophysa echinata Uhl., 166.

Acyrtosiphon californica Clk., 82.

granarum Kby., 82.

pelargonii Kltn., 82.

pisi Kltn., 82.

solanifolii Ashm., 82.

Aegeriidse of Oregon, 117.

Aeolothrips yosemitae Mltn., 125.

Aglais californica Bdv., 92.

Agrilus manzanitae Chmbl., 113.

trichocarpae Chmbl., 112.

Aknisus perclavatus V. D., 166.

Amphorophora cosmopolitana

Msn., 81.

Anaphothrips minutus Mltn., 127.

Ankothrips vandykei Mltn., 91.

Anotia fitchi V. D., 122.

Anthaxia, Key, 109.

pseudotsugae Chmbl., 95, 109.

Anthidium palliventre Cres., 51.

Aphididae of Utah, 79.

Aradus leachi V. D., 186.

Arphnus coriacipennis St., 189.

profectus V. D., 190.

tristis V. D., 189.

Athetis distincta Barnes, 10.

Bare, C. O., personals, 48.

Barnes, William, paper by, 5.

Blaisdell, F. E., papers by, 35,

163.

Blaisdell, F. E., personals, 48, 96,

192.

Blake, Doris H., paper by, 42.

Bremus vosnesenskii Rad., 97.

Buckell, E. R., paper by, 14.

Buprestidse of N. W. Coast, 93,

109.

Buprestis fasciata Fabr., 94.

langi Mann., 94.

Callipterus juglandis Frsch., 122.

Cazira bhoutanica Schout., 182.

Chamberlin, J. C., papers by, 137,

153, 171.

Chamberlin, R. V., paper by, 85.

Chamberlin, W. J., paper by,

93, 109.

Chilopods, new, 85.

Chrysobothris burkei Chmbl.,

110 .

Chrysotus emarginatus, V. D., 87.

flavicauda V. D., 87.

Cicindela arida Davis, 65.

d. propinqua Knaus, 100.

Coccidse, Wax-secreting organs,

67, 71.

Coccidse of Yosemite, 76.

Cockerell, T. D. A., papers by,

101, 167.

Coelambus i. lineelus Gyll., 64.

Davis, A. C., notes by, 100, 116.

Davis, A. C., paper by, 65, 100.

Delphacidse, 13.

Dendroctonus brevicomis Lee.,

108.

Diabrotica balteata Lee., 66, 116.

Diaulota, studies on, 155.

Dinocheirus Chmbl., 171.

tenoch Chmbl., 172.

Dolichopodidse, new, 87.

Duncan, C. D., paper by, 90.

Dyar, H. G., paper by, 86.

Eleodes californica Blsd., 165.

delicata Blsd., 164.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Entomological Congress, 96.

Epeolus compactus Cres., 104.

sarothrinus CklL, 103.

Essig, E. O., paper by, 76.

notes by, 66.

Euglyphis panselene Dyar, 86.

Euphydryas aurilacus Gndr., 49.

chalcedona D. and H., 2.

hermosa Wrgt., 170.

monoensis Gndr., 49.

quino Behr., 1, 170.

wallacensis Gndr., 50.

Fall, H. C., paper by, 145.

Ferris, G. F., papers by, 67, 137,

153.

Formicothrips yosemitae Mltn.,

135.

Frankliniella californica Mltn.,

128.

Fulton, B. B., paper by, 175.

Gellerman, H., paper by, 63.

Giffard, coll, of Delphacidae, 13.

Graptolitha t. alaskensis Barnes,

t. rosetta Barnes, 8.

vanduzeei Barnes, 9.

Gunder, J. D., note by, 170.

Gunder, J. D., papers, by, 1, 49.

Gymnopternus tenuicauda V. D.,

88 ^

tibialis V. D., 88.

Haplothrips gaviotae Mltn., 13'2.

ryani Mltn., 131.

Hatch, M. H., papers by, 44, 59.

Herms, W. B., personals, 48.

Hicks, C. H., papers by, 51, 97.

Howard, L. O., personals, 144.

Hydroporus brodei Gellm., 63.

Icerya purchasi Mskl., 71.

Keen, F. P., note by, 108.

Keifer, H. H., personals, 48.

Knowlton, G. F., paper by, 79.

Lepturini, book notice, 66.

Lepyrus, N. Am. species, 53.

key, 54.

n. cinereus Van Dyke, 57.

o. tesselatus Van Dyke, 56.

Linsley, G., personals, 48.

Liparocephalus, studies on, 137,

153.

Listronotus elegans Van Dyke,

107.

impressus Van Dyke, 106.

Listrus falli Blsd., 39.

lanei Blsd., 40.

longicornis Blsd., 35.

pictipes Blsd., 37.

Lixus blakeae Chttn., 42.

mucidus Lee., 42.

Lygaeus defessus V. D., 188.

foederatus V. D., 187.

Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gill.,

84.

Macrosiphum dirhodum Walk.,

81.

packi Knltn., 81,

pseudorosae Patch, 81.

rosse Linn., 80.

Malachius floricola Martin, 174.

Malacosoma fragilis Streh., 92.

Martin coll, of Coleoptera, 13.

Martin, J. O., papers by, 34, 174.

Martin, J. O., personals, 48, 192.

McCorkle, K., personals, 192.

Megarrhynchus intermedins

VolL, 182.

THE

Pan- Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME FIVE

July, 1928, to April, 1929

San Francisco, California

1929

CONTENTS

Barnes, William

Some New Species and Varieties of North American

Lepidoptera 5

Blaisdell, Frank E. Sr.

Studies in the Melyridae, No. 7 35

Revised Synopsis of the Species of Eleodes Belonging

to the Subgenus Metablapylis with Description of

Two New Species 163

Blake, Doris H.

Note on the Habits of Lixus blakeae 42

Buckell, E. R.

Notes on the Life History and Habits of Melittobia

chalybii Ashmead , 14

Chamberlin, Joseph Conrad

Dinocheirus tenoch, an Hitherto Undescribed Genus

and Species of False Scorpion from Mexico 171

Chamberlin, Ralph V.

Three New Lithobiomorphous Chilopods from Wash-

ington and Oregon 85

Chamberlin, W. J.

Remarks on the Buprestidae of the North Pacific Coast

Region with Descriptions of New Species 93, 109

Chamberlin, J. C., and Ferris G. F.

On Liparocephalus and Allied Genera 137, 153

Cockerell, T. D. A.

Some Californian Parasitic Bees 101

Cockerell, T. D. A., and Timberlake, P. H.

Two New Bees of the Genus Triepeolus 167

Ill

Davis, A. C.

A New Cicindela' 65

Duncan, Carl D.

Plant Hairs as Building Material for Polistes 90

Dyar, Harrison G.

A New Tropical American Lasiocampid 86

Essig, E. O.

Some Insects of Yosemite National Park 76

Fall, H. C

On the Genus Phaedon 145

Ferris, G. F.

Wax-Secreting Organs of the Coccidae 67

Fulton, B. B.

The Camouflage Cricket, Neduba carinata Walker 175

Gellerman, Helen

A New Species of Hydroporus from Washington 63

Gunder, Jeane D.

Rediscovery of a Lost Race 1

New Euphydryas 49

Hatch, Melville H.

The Nearctic and European Species of the Subgenus

Phaedon 44

Further Studies on Phaedon 59

Hicks, Charles H.

Notes on Anthidium palliventre 51

Nest of Bremus vosnesenskii 97

Knowlton, George F.

Notes on a Few Species of Macrosiphini (Aphididae)

from Utah with Description of Two New Species 79

Martin, J. O.

A New Triarius from Arizona 34

A New Californian Malachius , 174

Moulton, Dudley

A New Ankothrips from Colorado 91

New Californian Thysanoptera 125

Murdock, Glenn E.

Wax-Secreting Mechanism in the Adult Female of

Icerya purchasi Masked 71

Olsen, O. Wilford

Notes on the Tetriginse of Utah 181

Salman, Kenneth A.

On a New Species of Pepsis 23

Tanner, Vasco M.

The Mexican Bean Beetle in Utah 183

Thompson, B. G.

Moths of the Family Aegeriidae Occurring in Oregon,

with Notes 117

Timberlake, P. H.

Two New Species of Bees of the Genus Perdita 25

Van Duzee, Edward P.

A New Oecleus 173

Some New Western Hemiptera 186

Van Duzee, Millard C.

New North American Species of Dolichopodidae 87

Van Dyke, Edwin C.

Genus Lepyrus in North America 53

Two New Species of Listronotus 106

INDEX TO VOLUME V

195

Melittobia chalybii Ashm., 14.

Metablapylis, key, 163.

Metablapylis, see Eleodes.

Metcalfe, Z. P., personals, 48.

Mexican bean beetle, 183.

Moulton, D., papers by, 91, 125.

Murdock, G. E., paper by, 71.

Nabidse, book notice, 90.

Nampabius perspinosus Chmbl.,

85.

Nast, E. H., personals, 48.

Neduba carinata Walk., 175.

Needham, J. G., personals, 48.

Neoclytus basillaris Van Dyke,

136.

Neolarra pruinosa Ashm., 104.

Oabius eugenus Chmbl., 86.

Odonata, book on, 144.

Oecleus perpictus V. D., 173.

Olsen, O. W., paper by, 181.

Oncocnemis arizonensis Barnes,

6 .

minor Barnes, 7.

h. pallida Barnes, 6.

f, pallidior Barnes, 7.

ragani Barnes, 7.

Oreopasites euphorbias Ckll., 105.

Papilio d. ragani Barnes, 5.

Paraphia esther Barnes, 11.

e. lemmeri Barnes, 12.

Pelastoneurus quadricincta V. D.,

89.

Pepsis bequaerti Salman, 23.

Perdita dasylirii Ckll., 26.

keiferi Timblk., 28.

numerata Ckll., 25.

obliqua Timblk., 26.

vanduzeei Ckll., 31.

Phasdon, key, 44, 59, 148.

studies on, 44, 59, 145.

carri Hatch, 46.

dietrichi Hatch, 46.

huachucae Hatch, 62.

microreticulatus Hatch, 46.

niger. Hatch, 47.

punctatus Hatch, 46.

purpurescens Hatch, 61.

uniformis Fall, 150.

vancouverensis Hatch, 62.

vandykei Hatch, 61.

PcEcilothrips lupini Mltn., 133.

Polistes, habits, 90.

Pseudoscorpion, a new, 171.

Rhabdocephala V. D., 190.

brunnea V. D., 190.

Rhyparochromus c. californicus

V. D., 47.

Salman, K. A., paper by, 23.

Sanford, O. N., necrology, 48.

Saurocoris instans McAtee, 166.

Schizura u. deserta Barnes, 13.

Swarth, George, personals, 192.

Systematic Entomology, book

on, 123.

Tseniothrips albipennis Mltn.,

129.

V. americanus Mltn., 130.

blacki Wtsn., 130.

Tanner, V. M., paper by, 183.

Tetriginse of Utah, 181.

Thompson, B. G., note by, 122.

Thompson, B. G., paper by, 117.

Thysanoptera, 91, 125.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. V, NO. 4

Timberlake, P. H., papers by,

25, 167.

Triarius suturalis Martin, 34.

Triepeolus lestes, Ckll., 102.

timberlakei Ckll., 101.

t. heterodoxus Ckll., 101.

subnitens C. and T., 167.

trichopygus C. and T., 169.

Tritogenaphis ambrosiae Th., 80.

erigeronensis Th., 80.

escalantis Knltn., 79.

kosacaudis Knltn., 79.

ludovicianae Oest., 79.

rudbeckiae Th., 80.

Urochela distincta Dist., 182.

Usinger, Rob., personals, 192.

Van Duzee, E. P., book review,

123.

Van Duzee, E. P., editorials by,

48, 96, 144, 192.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by,

47, 66, 90, 122, 123, 166.

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by,

173, 186.

Van Duzee, E. P., personals,

48, 192.

Van Duzee, M. C., paper by, 87.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 92,

136.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by,

53, 106.

Van Dyke, personals, 48, 192.

Weda horvathi Schtdn., 52.

Wheeler, W. M., personals, 48.

Xylotrechus abietis. Van Dyke,

136.

Yosemite Park Insects, 76.

Zanclognatha j. bryanti Barnes,

11 .

martha Barnes, 10.

Zygethopolys pugetensis Chmbl.,

85.

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