THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

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REGIONAL MEMBERS

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoflice at

Ban Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

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The Chalcedona Group

showing type localities

1. species chalcedona Dbldy. & Hew., San Francisco, Calif.

2. race dwinellei Hy. Edw., Shasta Co., Calif.

3. race colon Edw., Columbia River, Oregon.

4. race wallacensis Gun., Wallace, Idaho.

5. race perdiceas Edw., Puget Sound, Washington.

6. loc. f. paradoxa McD., Lillooet, B. C., Canada.

7. race mcglashanii Rivers, Truckee, Calif.

8. form trvckeensis Gun., Truckee, Calif.

9. race sierra Wri., Sierra Nevada Mts. (Glen Alpine Sprs., Calif.).

10. race olancha Wri., Olancha Peak or Mountain, Calif.

11. form georgei Gun., Casa Diablo Hills, Mono Co., Calif.

12. race quino Behr, San Diego Co. (eastern portion). Calif.

1. species anicia Dbldy. & Hew., Rocky Mts. (Banff, Alb., Can.).

2. race helvia Scud., Alaska (between Whitehorse and Dawson).

3. race eurytion Mead, Colorado.

4. race capella Barnes, Manitou and Denver, Colo.

5. race bernadetta Leus., Monroe Can., Harrison, Sioux Co., Neb.

6. race maria Skin., Park City, Utah.

7. race carmentis B. & Benj., Pagosa Sprs., Archuleta Co., Colo.

8. race magdalena B. & McD., White Mts., Arizona.

9. race alena B. & Benj., So. Utah (between Parowan and Panguitch?).

10. race wheeleri Hy. Edw., So. Nevada (probably mts. of central part).

11. race morandi Gun., Mt. Charleston, Clark Co., Nevada.

12. race hermosa Wri., So. Arizona (Camp Roosevelt at Roosevelt Dam).

13. race irelandi Gun., Alta Peak, Sequoia Nat. Park, Calif.

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The Editha Group

showing type localities

species editha Bdv., Calif, (typical in Kern County).

race wrighti Gun., San Diego, Calif, (coastal areas).

race augusta Edw., Mountains of San Bernardino Co., Calif.

race monoensis Gun., Mono Lake, Calif.

race rubicunda Hy. Edw., Mariposa Co., Calif, (typical).

race nubigena Behr, Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Nat. Park, Calif.

race aurilacus Gun., Gold Lake, Sierra Co., Calif.

race baroni Edw., Mendocino Co., Calif.

race edithana Strd., Lassen Co., Calif, (also Klamath Co., Oreg.).

race colonia Wri., Mt. Hood, Oregon.

race taylori Edw., Victoria, Vancouver Isl., B. C., Canada.

race beani Skin., Laggan, Alberta, Canada.

race hutchinsi McD., Jefferson Co., (Milligan CanO Montana.

loc. f. montanus McD., Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone Nat. Park, Wyoming.

race lehmani Gun., Mt. Wheeler, (Lehman Cave Resort) Nevada.

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VI, No. 1 July, 1929

THE GENUS EUPHYDRYAS SCUD. OF BOREAL

AMERICA (LEPIDOPTERA NYMPHALID2E)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena , California

It is evident from genitalic study, as well as from superficial

appearance based upon adequate series, that there are in reality

only five known species of Euphydryas in North America,

north of Mexico, namely, phceton Dru., chalcedona Dbldy. and

Hew., anicia Dbldy. and Hew., editha Bdv., and gillettii Barnes.

If we are to progress in evolutionary classification, we must

subordinate many names to racial rank and try, as far as our

present knowledge goes, to place each in the obvious light of

their related development. This is sometimes difficult to do, in

fact impossible to do, because we have to follow the nomen-

clature of an unnatural scheme of classification. For example,

take the name editha Bdv. Being the first named of its kind,

its name takes the rank of species and theoretically heads its

group ; whereas actually it probably is not the oldest in point

of time or in line of descent. It, therefore, cannot claim proved

prime position. 1 The same is true of anicia and perhaps of the

others. However, we must follow code (in most cases) until

we have definite proof to back up a more logical arrangement

for classification; and until that time there is no other way

of placing species names in list order except by the rule of

priority. This subject is gradually becoming a serious matter

and deserves more attention on the part of progressive

entomologists.

In a check list the last listed name in a genus may in some

cases be supposed to be the oldest or the most ancient species.

Euphy. gillettii can, I believe, claim this position in its surviv-

ing and its unique relationship to old world species. Editha,

i See definitions of species, race, form, tr. form, etc., in November

1927 Entomological News.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

with its barbed left projection of the uncus, somewhat like

gillettii, comes next above, while anicia approaches nearer the

chalcedona category because of its having several local forms

and forms showing intergradation. Phaeton is in reality quite

near chalcedona , but will probably always be listed as a species.

In making the genitalic slides for this article each genitalia

has been uniformly pressed, so that the shape of the harpe and

projections are not distorted any more than is necessary. This

is very important. The projections of the uncus “tell the

story,” especially the left projection. In a kind there is not

much variance to its style. It is fairly constant as a medium

for comparative analysis. The shape or general contour of the

harpe is helpful, but it is not as important a key to relationship

as is the left projection. I might state here that the old style

manner of simply opening up and spreading out the genitalia

as a whole is practically useless because of the many lines and

the mass distortion to be overcome. The drawings of the geni-

talia, herein illustrated, were made with a Spencer drawing

machine, which is superior to a camera lucida.

I have illustrated the original types wherever possible, or

examples from type localities, and I regret that these figures

cannot be in color, but students having material from or in

the region of type localities will probably find the halftones of

help. In this article I have not the space to review the faults

and misidentifications of others, including myself. Perhaps the

trouble has been lack of original illustrations and of serious

thought as to type locality. In a genus like Euphydryas the

type locality is all-important. It is a genus in which the names

cannot cover a great expanse of territory, except in the case

of the species phaeton. For example, a perdiceas cannot come

from Los Angeles County, a desert monoensis from the moun-

tains of Montana, or a nubigena from Colorado, etc.

Regarding Euphydryas transition forms. There are only

three kinds of these possible. Two albifusism and melanifusism

come under maculation change, and the other, chromatism,

under color change. No more names can be added except as

they come under these divisions.

I wish to thank the following gentlemen for their help with

photographs, loan of types or genitalic drawings : Barnes,

July, 1929]

GUNDER GENUS EUPHYDRYAS

Leussler, Van Duzee, McDunnough, Williams, Holland and

N. D. Riley of London. A few notes and some new descrip-

tions follow.

Schausi Clark, a synonym. I have examined specimens of

phaeton from New York, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri,

and North Carolina and they are similar to those from the type

locality near New York City. Deviation as to blackness, size,

or color of light maculation (cream to white) is not a constant

factor, but is found “within the limits of the species” at the

type locality and elsewhere. In his paper Mr. Clark has not

considered the original type, its illustration, or its type locality.

Phcethusa Hist., a form. Undoubtedly a mendelian form and

not a transition form. This name represents examples in which

the upper sides of the wings are quite dark, even to practically

covering the red at outer margins. The black replaces the red

or covers it especially at the margins, leaving light designs

intact or slightly reduced. In a typical series the specimens will

grade to phcethusa. Chalcedona on the west coast produces

similar examples, only more commonly. They are not worthy

of a special name, as we should not encourage the naming of

mendelian forms.

Cooperi Behr, a synonym. Dr. Behr at the time he named

cooperi could not have known the type of chalcedona, as both

are similar and one within the locality range of the other. Illus-

tration shows types ( ?) from Edwards’ collection.

Dwinellei Hy. Edw., a form, in northern California, not as

yet constant enough to deserve racial rank. Named from one

male having considerable red on the upper side of its primaries.

Euphy. chalcedona Dbldy. and Hew., race wallacensis

Gund, tr. f. idahoensis new tr. f.

Having the white spotting on both upper and under sides

elongated through the interspaces after the style of chalcedona

fusimacula Barnes. The red maculation remains the same. In

the type the upper wings happen to be more fused than the

lower. Tr. f. huellemani Comst. represents melanifusism.

Classification : albifusism ; fairly well developed.

Holotype $ , expanse 4 7 mm., Wallace, Idaho (Huelleman),

June 4, 1921. Type in the author’s collection.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

Note: There is a possibility that the name huellemani may

have to take the species name with the name wallacensis as the

normal form name. Questioned.

Perdiceas Edw. Distinct and deserving a racial classifica-

tion. Common in June along the Columbia River, east of Port-

land. My illustration shows genitalia of a Victoria, B. C.,

example, also so-called Edwards’ types, which he thought were

synonymous with cooperi Bdv.

Paradoxa McD. represents a connecting link with the anicia

group, but according to original description is more restricted

than a form and, therefore, possibly a local form approaching

the rank of race. Probably could be termed a race, as speci-

mens from extreme northern Idaho are constant enough. Form

georgei Gun. of olancha Wri. also approaches anicia, but is

found with its species which makes it a straight form. An

examination of tr. f. nigrisupernipennis Gun. places it with

perdiceas rather than with paradoxa.

Sierra Wright is nothing but a very reddish race of chcd-

cedona, very constant in its territories but grading through

truckeensis to mcglashanii and hence to chalcedona. Dr.

McDunnough first pointed out its relationship to chalcedona.

Anicia Dbldy. and Hew. Mr. N. D. Riley of the British

Museum made the drawing of the genitalia of the type specimen

from which my illustration was made. Anicia is constant at

Banff with predominant red color. In regions way to the south

in Colorado it produces darker specimens, some quite dark.

For this reason the racial name, eurytion Mead is available, as

eurytion was given for darker specimens out of the Edwards

collection. Figure A attempts to show a dark specimen with

figures B, C, and D as intergrades. Brucei is a synonym. More

names cannot be applied from this district. Capella Barnes is

distinct.

Euphy. anicia, Dbdly. and Hew., race bernadetta Leus.,

tr. f. belli new tr. f. Upper side. — Primaries entirely black

except for marginal red row of spots which remain typical.

Secondaries with typical marginal spots and rest of wing well

clouded over with black except for traces of original design

which is about covered, the lighter maculation showing through.

Under side. — Usual design, heavy with black. White spots

July, 1929]

GUNDER — GENUS EUPHYDRYAS

misted over and indistinct, basal areas showing usual melanic

transition. Classification : melanifusism, nearly final grade.

Holotype $ , expanse 40 mm., Harrison, Sioux County,

Nebraska, June 16, 1929. In author’s collection, and named

after Mr. E. L. Bell of Flushing, New York, who took this

interesting specimen while on a collecting tour with Mr.

Leussler of Omaha, Nebraska.

Maria Skin. From the type genitalia made by Mr. Williams.

I am delighted to record for certain that this name comes under

the anicia group. There is a possibility that the two tr. fs.

placed under maria may have to be placed under wheeleri Hy.

Edw. This point will be cleared up in the near future.

Alena B. and Benj. This name is misspelled on plate 14.

Frank Morand secured a good series this year from near Cedar

City, Utah.

Editha Bdv. This species has been taken at various points

in southern California, but the examples taken by Mr. Ireland

in the Greenhorn Mountains, up from Bakersfield in Kern

County, are nearest the type, having the strong red bands across

the wings on the upper sides. This region is probably the

general old mining country from whence the types came. The

types are in the Barnes collection at Decatur, Illinois.

Euphy. editha Bdv., race wrighti new race

Constantly smaller than editha Bdv. and more of a brownish

red, a deeper red. Red bands across wings less defined. Black

maculation heavier and dominant. Basal areas darker. All

designs less clear-cut.

Holotype $ , expanse 40 mm. Allotype $ , expanse 46 mm.

San Diego, California (George Field), March 7 and 8, 1907.

Types in author’s collection. Twelve pairs of paratypes, same

dates and location. Examples placed in the Barnes collection

and Canadian collection at Ottawa, Canada.

Note: Slightly atypical editha occurs in the hills north of

San Diego, at old Camp Kearney. This new race probably

finds its metropolis in the mountains of Lower California,

reaching north. The types were taken within the city slightly

south at a place which Mr. Field calls “forty acres” upon low

sea-level hills, which are now being built over. Tr. f. fieldi is

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

referable to the parental species. At the special request of

Mr. Field I am naming this race after his old friend, Mr.

William S. Wright, of the San Diego Museum.

Rubrosuffusa Comst. is a form of nubigena Behr in which

the outer half of the secondaries on the upper side is nearly

clear red and almost free of transverse design. They grade in,

and are not uncommon wherever nubigena occurs.

Euphy. editha Bdv., race nubigena Behr, tr. f. tiogaensis

new tr. f. Having the white maculation of both upper and

under sides elongated or fused through the interspaces. Illus-

trated (upper side) by Comstock in Butterflies of California

as plate 35, figure 6. The type has been personally examined.

Classification : albifusism.

Holotype 2, expanse 32 mm., Tioga Pass in Yosemite

National Park, California (Comstock), August 3, 1922. Type

in collection of the Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles,

California.

Euphy. editha Bdv., race nubigena Behr, tr. f. boharti new

tr. f. Having the maculation of the inner half of both wings

on the upper sides quite melanic, especially the basal portions.

The black lines on the under sides are dense through the basal

portions also. The left wing of the primary is slightly torn.

Classification : melanifusism, a 50 per cent development.

Holotype 9 , expanse 37 mm., Tuolumne Meadows,

Yosemite National Park, California, July 5, 1928. In

author’s collection and named after Mr. R. M. Bohart of Berke-

ley, California, who is an energetic collector of lepidoptera.

(Unfortunately Mr. Bohart’s name is misspelled on plate 16.)

Euphy. editha Bdv., race baroni Edw., tr. f. dunni new tr. f.

Upper wings on both sides quite dark except for marginal red

edge and submarginal row of white spots. Lower wings slightly

blurred dark, more so on upper side. Classification : melani-

fusism, upper wings especially. (The tr. f. mirabilis Wright

represents albifusism.)

Holotype 2 , expanse 43 mm., Mendocino County, Cali-

fornia (Eastman), 1912. Type in author’s collection. Named

after Mr. Norman R. Dunn of Berkeley, who is a coming

young lepidopterist.

Euphy. editha Bdv., race baroni Edw., tr. f. sternitzkyi

July, 1929]

GUNDER — GENUS EUPHYDRYAS

new tr. f. Maculation entirely as in typical baroni, but the

color is buff instead of red. Classification : chromatism, red to

yellow.

Holotype $ , expanse 46 mm., Hillsboro, near San Mateo,

San Mateo County, California (Sternitzky), April 27, 1929.

Type in author’s collection. Named after Mr. R. F. Sternitzky

of San Francisco, who took this example with typical speci-

mens in this locality, just south of San Francisco.

Edithana Strd. Northern California produces specimens

which might at first thought seem redder and smaller baroni

(between baroni and rubicunda ). This race was distinct, so I

sent to Berlin and secured photos of the type of edithana Strd.

and they matched, so we must raise edithana out of the

synonomy.

Beani Skin. I had some misgivings about this name until

Mr. R. C. Williams of Philadelphia made a slide of the type

for me which places it with the editha group. A slide of tr. f.

blackmorei Gun. is altogether similar.

Hutchinsi McD. Mr. Hutchins has procured for me this

year a long series of this race which, as Dr. McDunnough says,

approaches taylori Edw. A long series of taylori proves this.

Beani is redder and strangely comes nearer colonia Wright.

I have a good series of what really matches colonia from Priest

River district in Idaho, therefore I think that beani is nothing

more than a small colonia Wright. A percentage of my

hutchinsi are small and dark like montanus McD. I have not

a series of these specimens, but the name might stand as a

local form until compared in a proper series to prove a racial

constancy.

Euphy. editha Bdv., race lehmani new race. Looks like a

small augusta Wright, but has its maculation less clear-cut.

The ground color is white, however, which makes it lighter

than augusta. Undoubtedly from the southern California

editha-augusta stem, as is hutchinsi , from the northern taylori

branch of the family.

Holotype $ , expanse 30 mm., allotype $ , expanse 35 mm.,

Lehman Caves Resort, Mount Wheeler, White Pine County,

Nevada, June 4, 1929. Types in author’s collection. Ten pairs

of paratypes, same locality with early June dates. Examples

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

placed in the Barnes collection at Decatur, Illinois, and in the

Canadian national collection at Ottawa, Canada. All specimens

collected by Mr. Frank Morand of Los Angeles.

Euphy. gillettii Barnes, tr. f. herri new tr. f. In typical

gillettii, on the upper sides the white rows of spots closely paral-

lel the conspicuous red band across both wings. In this tr. f.

these spots are clouded over and barely visible with black

fusion. The basal areas are also shaded over at the expense of

the red design. The white maculation on the under sides is also

sprinkled over with misty black and the base is narrowed to

black design and loses its white, which is usual in melanifusism.

Classification : melanifusism, final degree unknown.

Holotype $ , expanse 43 mm., Martina, near Stark, Missoula

County, Montana, July 9, 1929. In author’s collection and

named after Mr. C. W. Herr of Priest River, Idaho, who was

fortunate enough to take this interesting specimen.

Brachyrhinus (Otiorhynchus) cribricollis (Gyll.)

This, the fourth species of the genus to be found in western

North America and the first record of it for the continent,

was first taken by Mr. Haymaker on the roots of Viburnum

tinus at Montebello, Los Angeles County, October 3, 1928.

In June and July of this year other specimens have been col-

lected in Los Angeles County, as well as at Montebello, San

Fernando and Pasadena, by Mr. H. M. Armitage, Deputy

Horticultural Commissioner, and his associates. It has in the

main been taken from privet and viburnum though also

recorded by Mr. Woglum from lawns. The determination

was kindly made for me by Mr. L. L. Buchanan of the United

States National Museum. It is a native of southern Europe.

The other three species, also natives of Europe : sulcatus

Fab., rugosostriatus Goeze (not rugifrons Gyll. as formerly

labeled), and ovatus (Linn.), have long been established in

northeastern and northwestern America, the last two destruc-

tive as strawberry-root feeders, the first mainly a greenhouse

pest. B. sulcatus Fab. is now well established in several places

in California, and the other two are found from time to time

in our strawberry fields. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

typical Cynthia caryg. Hfc>n

?nu e ll e r L Leteln

HOI. OT Y P£

AUUOTYPe

p*n.#iTYi>e

tr.f. scfivaderi Gun.

Gunder

July, 1929]

GUNDER CYNTHIA CARYE

AN ADDITION TO CYNTHIA CARYE HBN.

(LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALID2E)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

Cynthia carye Hbn., tr. f. schraderi new tr. f.

On page 270 of the November 1927 Entomological News

I illustrated in the sequence of their transition a number of

examples of tr. f. muelleri Letch., which represent albifusism

or the progressive trend for the species carye Hbn. Therein I

expressed a hope that melanifusistic or retrogressive specimens

would soon be found. Mr. William Schrader of Los Angeles

has been fortunate this year in securing several of these speci-

mens, which I recognized as new, and I am pleased to give

them his name.

Cynthia cardui L. and Cynthia carye Hbn. are closely related

species, in consequence their transition forms would naturally

be similar; therefore elymi Ramb. of cardui parallels muelleri

Letch, of carye and thus is ate Stkr. like schraderi. The type

of ate Stkr. is illustrated in the above mentioned reference.

Schraderi generally resembles muelleri in maculation change

on the upper sides except that in muelleri the white spots elon-

gate or fuse out more, while in schraderi this light pattern is

restricted and the darker areas are usually more extended. On

the under side of the secondaries in well-developed examples

the real difference is obvious, making identification easier, to

wit : muelleri has white in the vein interspaces opposite the

cell, as indicated on Plate 17, arrow marked No. 1 ; while in

schraderi this area of the wing is always black or dark as shown

by arrows marked No. 2. In extreme degrees or in well-

developed examples these areas would be quite extended and

dark. (See accompanying Plate 17.)

Holotype $ , expanse 47 mm., May 13, 1929, Los Angeles,

California. Allotype 2 , expanse 41 mm. (not average), May 6,

1929, Los Angeles, California. Types in author’s collection.

One paratype 2 , May 28, 1929, in author’s collection and one

paratype 2 , date unknown, in collection of the Los Angeles

Museum. All types from Mr. Schrader.

Note : The synonymy of Grinnell’s intermedia and letcheri,

both albifusism, has been discussed in the above mentioned

reference.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

A NEW CORIMEL^NA (HEMIPTERA)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Corimelaena californica Van Duzee, n. sp.

Form and size of interrupta nearly, but with the head much

shorter, the humeri less tumid, the interruptions of the pale

elytral border smaller and located at apical third, and nearly

the whole surface closely and strongly punctured. Short,

oblong-ovate, pale portion of corium produced mesad of cubitus.

Length, 3 mm.

Head broad and short, its length almost equal to the width

between the eyes; surface uniformly, closely deeply punctate, omiting

only two basal spots between the ocelli; tylus broad, flat, uniformly

punctured like the cheeks; margins of cheeks strongly sinuate. Pro-

notum broad anteriorly, the sides strongly arcuate, the humeri but

feebly tumid; surface strongly punctate, but little less so on the disk

posteriorly; callosities represented by small smooth areas. Scutellum

punctured like the pronotum, a little more closely so toward the

margins. Pale yellowish portion of the corium nearly impunctate,

indistinctly interrupted at about the apical third; antennae pale, as

in interrupta\ legs black, tibiae piceous; tarsi pale; margin of sixth

ventral segment and of genital plates of female with a pale spot.

Rostrum piceous, attaining hind coxae. Genital segment of male

short, broadly feebly sinuate.

Described from the types and six female paratypes taken by

Mr. Paul Baldwin, July 21, 1929, at Guerneville, Sonoma

County, California.

Type, male, No. 2519, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, taken July 21, 1929, by Mr. Paul Baldwin of Oak-

land, at Guerneville, California; allotype, female, No. 2520,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, taken May 8, 1922,

by Mr. Louis S. Slevin at Paraiso Springs, Monterey County,

California.

This species has the posterior tibiae without postero-dorsal

spinules, and in Malloch’s key of 1919 would run to the sec-

tion containing his nanella (= marginella Dali.), but the pale

margin of the corium extends mesad of the cubitus. C. extensa

is quite distinct by its elongate form, more triangular head, and

the obvious smooth median line on the scutellum. One para-

type is retained in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences, one will be deposited in the United States National

Museum, and four (one immature) are in the collection of

Mr. Robert Usinger of Oakland.

July, 1929]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

NEW MEXICAN THYSANOPTERA

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

This paper includes the descriptions of eight new species of

Thrips collected by Professor G. F. Ferris while on a trip

through Mexico, for the most part on the west coast, during

1925 and 1926.

Elaphrothrips albospinosus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color blackish brown, including all femora,

middle and hind tibiae; fore tibiae yellowish brown in outer third,

darker at margins; fore tarsi yellowish brown, middle and hind tarsi

brown. Antennal segments I and VI to VIII blackish brown,

II dark brown at base shading to yellow at tip, III yellow clouded

with brown in distal fifth, IV yellow in basal two-thirds, dark brown

in distal third, V brown in basal third, blackish brown in distal two-

thirds; all prominent head and body spines clear yellow.

Total body length 2.8 mm.; head length .51 mm., width .21 mm.;

head summit, length .057 mm.; width .114 mm.; prothorax, length

.225 mm., width .39 mm.; pterothorax, width .40 mm.; abdomen,

width .57 mm.; tube, length .44 mm., width at base .105 mm. An-

tenna: length (width) I, 45 (45); II, 70 (42); III, 150 (36); IV, 120

(36); V, 105 (33); VI, 90 (30); VII, 75 (27); VIII, 60 (18); total

length 750 microns. Length of spines: anteoculars 90 microns, post-

oculars 180 microns, on anterior angles of prothorax 30 microns,

mid-laterals 70 microns, on posterior angles 120 microns, on ninth

abdominal segment 375 microns, at tip of tube 300 microns.

Length of head including summit 2.5 longer than width across eyes,

broadly constricted behind eyes, head summit twice as wide as long.

Cheeks slightly swollen and widest at about one-fifth the head’s

length from posterior margin. Anteocular spines short, about one-

half as long as prominent postoculars, both pairs sharply pointed.

Cheek spines small, transparent and inconspicuous. Eyes large.

Ocelli present but very small. Mouth cone short with rounded tip.

Antenna 1.5 times longer than head, segments III to V elongate-

clavate, VI and VII elongate-ovate and pediculate, VIII spindle-

shaped; III with two sense cones, one on outer margin and a second

on ventral inner margin, IV with four sense cones.

Prothorax .45 as long as head, spines along anterior margin and

on anterior angles vestigial, mid-laterals moderately small, those at

posterior angles long and prominent with blunt tips. Pterothorax

only very slightly wider than prothorax with sides straight and

parallel. Legs long and slender, fore femora thickened, fore tarsi

armed with a short broad-seated tooth. Wings wanting.

Abdomen elongate-ovate with segments six to nine reduced grad-

ually. Tube .85 as long as head. Spines on ninth abdominal segment

slightly shorter than tube.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

Type material: Female holotype taken on common grass,

1925-1926 (Professor G. F. Ferris). Type in author’s collec-

tion (Moulton, No. 2565).

Type locality: Jalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.

This is the smallest of all known species in this genus. It

may be separated from angusticeps Crawford and tener

Priesner known from Mexico, as follows : In angusticeps the

anteocular spines are much longer than the postoculars, while

in this species the postoculars are much the longer. In tener

the basal third of the fifth antennal segment is yellow, body

bristles are dark, light colored only on abdomen, and the

third antennal segment is 210 microns long, while in albo-

spinosus the fifth antennal segment is brown in the basal third,

all body bristles are clear, and the third antennal segment is

150 microns long.

Hoplothrips mexicanus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color blackish brown including all legs except

only fore tarsi, which are brown. Antennal segments I, II. and V

to VIII uniformly dark brown except tip of II and base of V, which

are lighter; III clear yellow with a shading of brown in outer third;

IV yellowish brown in basal half, dark brown in distal half, promi-

nent body spines dark brown. Wings clouded, each with a dark

median band extending two-thirds its length.

Total body length (abdomen distended) 2.66 mm.; head length

.28 mm., width across cheeks .216 mm.; prothorax length .20 mm.,

width, including coxae, .45 mm.; pterothorax width .50 mm.; abdo-

men width .50 mm.; tube length .25 mm., width at base .096 mm., at

tip .050 mm. Antennae: length (width) I, 24 (36); II, 60 (38); III,

84 (34); IV, 84 (39); V, 81 (36); VI, 75 (33); VII, 60 (30); VIII,

36; total length 495 microns. Length of spines: postoculars 111

microns, on anterior margin of prothorax 72 microns, on anterior

angles 36 microns, mid-laterals 90 microns, on posterior angles, outer

138 microns, inner 144 microns, on ninth abdominal segment 300

microns, at tip of tube 210 microns.

Head 1.3 longer than wide; cheeks slightly arched, constricted at

the base but not necklike. Postocular spines long, placed 45 microns

back from posterior margin of eyes, with blunt tips. Cheek spines

short and inconspicuous. Eyes large, ovate, occupying more than

one-third the length of the head. Ocelli fully developed, posterior

pair contiguous with median inner margins of eyes. Mouth cone

short, extending three-fifths over prosternum. Labrum pointed and

slightly overhanging, labium broadly rounded. Antenna 1.75 longer

than head, intermediate segments elongate-clavate, IV to VII pedicu-

July, 1929]

MOULTON TH YSAN OPTERA

late, VIII broadly joined to VII, III with one sense cone, IV with

three.

Prothorax .7 as long as head and including coxae more than twice

as wide as median length of pronotum. All normal spines developed,

those on anterior margin approximately twice as long as pair at

anterior angles, pair at posterior angles very long, mid-laterals also

well developed but shorter than those on posterior angles. Ptero-

thorax broad and strong. Fore femora thickened, each fore tarsus

armed with a broad-seated tooth. Wings fully developed, with par-

allel sides, fore pair with sixteen double-fringe hairs along posterior

margin.

Abdominal segments II and VI of uniform width. Tube .9 as long

as head. Abdominal spines strong, those on ninth abdominal seg-

ment somewhat longer than length of tube.

Male allotype: Similar in shape and color to female, but with

fore femora more noticeably enlarged and outer pair of spines on

ninth abdominal segment shortened.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, and nineteen

female paratypes taken on Pitheco-lobium sp., July 26, 1927

(Professor G. F. Ferris). Types in author’s collection (Moul-

ton, Nos. 2562 and 2571).

Type locality: Mazatlan, Mexico.

This species may be compared with Hoplothrips fuscus

Morgan, but is easily separated by the color of the intermediate

antennal segments. In this species segment III is yellow and

IV yellowish brown only in basal half ; in some paratypes the

fourth segment is almost uniformly dark brown. In fuscus seg-

ment III is “yellow ; IV and V yellow, very slightly infuscate

at the sides near the tip ; six yellow in basal half, infuscate in

apical half.”

Holopothrips ferrisi Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color uniformly brown including all legs and

antennal segments I and II, III to VI clear yellow except for a

faint cloud of brown in distal third of segment V and a slightly

darker shade in distal half of VI, VII and VIII light brown. Wings

clear, prominent body spines light yellowish brown.

Total body length: 2.5 mm.; head length .316 mm., width .233 mm.;

prothorax length .20 mm., width, including coxae, .33 mm.; ptero-

thorax width .416 mm.; abdomen width .43 mm.; tube length .20 mm.,

width at base .075 mm. Antennae: length (width) I, 30 (36); II, 60

(30); III, 105 (30); IV, 78 (30); V, 87 (30); VI, 72 (24); VII, 60

(21); VIII, 3'6; total length 580 microns. Length of spines: post-

oculars 45 microns, on anterior angles of prothorax 36 microns, mid-

laterals 45 microns, on posterior angles, outer 81 microns, inner

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

54 microns, on ninth abdominal segment 180 microns, at tip of tube

180 microns.

Head 1.36 longer than wide, cheeks almost straight, back of head

with numerous transverse, indistinct, wavy lines. Postocular spines

moderately short and stout, with dilated tips, cheek spines incon-

spicuous. Eyes large, reniform, and contiguous with anterior ocellus

in front, protruding inward behind so that their interval is about

one-third the greatest width of a single eye. Ocelli closely placed

and anterior in position. Mouth cone extending past posterior

margin of prosternum and broadened at tip. Labrum distinctly

pointed. Antenna 1.8 longer than head. Segment VII with wide

pedicel, VIII broadly united to VII; sense cones moderately short,

segment III with three and IV with 3+1.

Prothorax .66 as long as head and .3 wider than long. Well

developed spines on anterior angles and middle of sides which are

about half as long as those at posterior angles, all with dilated tips;

pair along anterior margin vestigial and with pointed tips. Trans-

verse, semireticulated lines of pronotum indistinct, more clearly

defined on mesonotum and clearly defined on metanotum but longi-

tudinal in position. All legs slender, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings fully

developed with parallel sides, thirteen to fifteen double-fringe hairs

on fore pair.

Abdomen slender, tube .7 as long as head and slightly less than

three times as long as width at base.

Type material : Female holotype, thirteen female paratypes

taken on Coccoloba sp. in 1926 (Professor G. F. Ferris), and

named in honor of Professor Ferris. Types in author’s collec-

tion (Moulton, No. 2555).

Type locality : San Bias, Nayarit, Mexico.

This species may be separated from H. tenuis Hood by the

following characters : It has well-developed, blunt-tipped spines

on anterior angles of prothorax, but those on the anterior

margin are vestigial and pointed, the head is 1.36 longer than

wide, and antennal segments III to V are uniformly clear

yellow. H. tenuis Hood has a minute bristle on each anterior

angle, but those along anterior margin are well developed ; the

head is 1.6 longer than wide, and the bases of antennal segments

III to V are darker.

Holopothrips elongatus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color uniformly dark brown including all legs

and antennal segments I and II (III to VIII broken off). Wings

shaded light brownish yellow especially along borders.

July, 1929]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

Total body length 3.3 mm.; (abdomen distended); head length

.42 mm., width across eyes .22 mm.; prothorax length .18 mm., width,

including coxae, .39 mm.; pterothorax width .48 mm.; tube length

.27 mm., width at base .08 mm. Length of spines: postoculars 60

microns, on anterior margin of prothorax 30 microns, at posterior

angles, outer and inner subequal 93 microns, on ninth abdominal

segment 255 microns.

Head twice as long as width across eyes; cheeks straight and

parallel. Postocular spines well developed but short, with blunt tips;

cheek spines inconspicuous. Eyes large, slightly protruding, reni-

form as in other members of the genus. Ocelli large, anterior in

position, almost completely surrounded and obscured. Mouth cone

elongate, extending to posterior margin of prosternum, truncate at

end, labium sharply pointed. Maxillary palpi with first segment very

short, second very long, together 95 microns.

Prothorax .44 as long as head and approximately twice as wide as

long. Spines along anterior margin well developed but short, those

on anterior angles and the mid-laterals vestigial; pair on posterior

angles long and stout. Pterothorax clearly wider than prothorax;

sculpturing on pronotum indistinct, on mesonotum clearly defined

and largely transverse but continued backward to a point in the

center; sculpturing of the metanotum clearly defined, the broken

wavy lines longitudinal in position, becoming semireticulate toward

posterior margin. Legs slender, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings fully

developed, with parallel sides but noticeably narrowing toward their

tips. Fore pair with nineteen to twenty double-fringe hairs.

Abdomen slender, tube .64 as long as head and about 3.5 longer

than width at base. Spines on ninth abdominal segment approxi-

mately as long as tube.

Type material : Female holotype, one female paratype taken

on Lonchocarpus sericeus, 1925-1926 (Professor G. F. Ferris).

Types in author’s collection (Moulton, No. 2568).

Type locality: Mexico (exact location not given).

This species may be compared with H. tenuis Hood, but is.

easily distinguished by the longer head, the absence of developed

spines along anterior margin of prothorax and at the middle of

the sides, and by the larger number of double-fringe hairs,,

19 to 20 as compared with 10 to 12.

Diceratothrips brevitubus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color blackish brown with abdominal segments

II to VI lighter, legs blackish brown, also antennae except segment

II which is lighter toward the tip, and III which is yellow clouded

brown at tip. Wings brownish at base with a median dark line

extending to near middle, borders of fore wings light brownish.

Prominent body spines and wing cilia dark brown.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

Total body length 3.64 mm.; head length .45 mm., width at eyes

.266 mm., at cheeks .250 mm.; prothorax length .20 mm., width,

including coxae, .32 mm.; pterothorax width .50 mm., abdomen width

.48 mm.; tube length .20 mm., width at base .10 mm. Antennae:

length (width) I, 54 (42); II, 75 (39); III, 156 (39); IV, 126 (42);

V, 90 (36); VI, 75 (33); VII, 60 (30); VIII, 45; total length 633

microns. Length of spines: anteoculars 105 microns, postocellars

45 microns, postoculars 210 microns, on anterior margin of pro-

thorax 60 microns, on anterior angles 60 microns, mid-laterals 60

microns, on posterior angles, outer 126 microns, inner 135 microns,

on ninth abdominal segment 360 microns, at tip of tube 270 microns.

Head 1.8 longer than width at eyes, vertex swollen and overhang-

ing basal segments of antennae; cheeks straight and parallel. Post-

ocular bristles long, extending across eyes and far in front of head,

with pointed tips. A pair of well-developed spines on forehead which

project to the middle of the second antennal segment a shorter

spine placed close behind each posterior ocellus; cheek spines incon-

spicuous. Eyes large, anterior ocellus at tip of swollen vertex,

posterior ocelli also large and contiguous with inner anterior margin

of eyes. Mouth cone reaching three-fourths across prosternum, blunt

at tip, labrum pointed. Antennae 1.6 longer than head; sense cones

normally developed.

Prothorax less than .5 head’s length, all normal spines well

developed, those on posterior angles more than twice as long as

others, all with blunt tips. Pterothorax with slightly arched sides.

Legs slender, noticeably spinose, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings fully

developed, fore pair with twenty-two double-fringe hairs.

Abdomen elongate, narrower than pterothorax, reduced gradually

beyond second segment. Segments II to VI reticulate in anterior

two-thirds and cross-striate in posterior third. Tube short, less than

.5 as long as head. Bristles on ninth segment and the tip much

longer than tube.

Type material: Holotype, three female paratypes, four larvae

taken January 10, 1926, from an unknown host plant (Pro-

fessor G. F. Ferris). Types in author’s collection (Moulton,

No. 2556).

Type locality: Along Cohahuayana River, State of Colima,

Mexico.

This species may be compared with D. brevicornis Bagnall,

from the Hawaiian Islands, but separated by its longer head,

1.8 as compared with 1.6 longer than wide, the short blunt

sense cones as compared with the long, pointed cones and the

much shorter tube, .45 as compared with 1.12 as long as head.

July, 1929]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

Liothrips colimae Moulton, n. sp.

Male, holotype: Color dark chestnut brown with much red hypo-

dermal pigment in thorax and abdomen. Legs concolorous with

body except tips of fore tibiae and fore tarsi, which are lighter.

Antennal segments I and II dark brown, III to VI yellow, VII

shading from yellow to light brown, VIII light brown. Wings

shaded at base, otherwise clear. Prominent body spines brown.

Total body length 1.55 mm.; head length .20 mm., width .14 mm.;

prothorax length .10 mm., width, including coxae, .233 mm.; ptero-

thorax width .266 mm.; tube length .108 mm., width at base .06 mm.

Antennae: length (width) I, 15 (27); II, 36 (27); III, 54 (27); IV,

48 (27); V, 48 (27); VI, 45 (22); VII, 39 (21); VIII, 30; total length

330 microns. Length of spines: postoculars 45 microns, on anterior

angles of prothorax 30 microns, mid-laterals 18 microns, posterior

angles, outer 60 microns, inner 39 microns, on ninth abdominal

segment 135 microns, at tip of tube 120 microns.

Head 1.43 longer than wide, vertex slightly swollen; cheeks

straight and parallel. Postocular spines short, with blunt tips. Eyes

large, rounded. Ocelli anterior in position, fore ocellus at tip of

vertex and directed forward. Mouth cone narrowed in the middle,

pointed, reaching two-thirds over prosternum. Labrum sharply

pointed. Antenna 1.65 longer than head. ,

Prothorax .5 as long as head, spines at anterior angles well

developed but short, pair at posterior angles somewhat longer, those

along anterior margin and on middle of sides vestigial. Pronotum

with transverse wavy lines intermingled with smooth areas giving a

blotched effect. Pterothorax with evenly formed sides. Legs normal,

fore tarsi unarmed. Wings fully developed with parallel sides, fore

pair with eight double-fringe hairs.

Abdomen reduced gradually beyond second segment. Tube .6 as

long as head, spines on ninth segment and at tip somewhat longer

than tube.

Female, allotype: Total body length 2.0 mm. Similar in shape and

color to male, but with first abdominal segments somewhat broader.

Type material: Male holotype, female allotype, one male and

one female paratype taken January, 1926, from leaves of an

undetermined shrub (Professor G. F. Ferris). Types in

author’s collection (Moulton, No. 2557). Named after type

locality.

Type locality : Along Cohahuayana River, State of Colima,

Mexico.

This species is very closely related to L. dampf Karny, and

may be only a variety of that species. It is separated chiefly

by the color of antennal segments III to VI, which are clear

yellow, while in dampfi IV is slightly clouded brown at the tip,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

and V is light brown at the tip. The mouth cone, like dampfi,

is weakly truncate and in this respect it also approaches the

genus Gynaikothrips , the labrum is sharply pointed.

Liothrips querci Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype: Color uniformly dark chestnut brown including

all legs and first antennal segment, II dark brown at base, shading

to clear yellow at tip, III to VI clear yellow with only a faint shad-

ing of brown at tip of VI, VII and VIII brown. Wings clear.

Prominent body spines dark brown.

Total body length 2.83 mm.; head length .366 mm., width at eyes

.216 mm., cheeks .20 mm.; prothorax length .20 mm., width, includ-

ing coxae, .366 mm.; pterothorax width .50 mm.; abdomen width

.466 mm.; tube length .283' mm., width at base .083 mm. Antennae:

length (width) I, 30; II, 63; III, 138; IV, 120; V, 99; VI, 84; VII,

69; VIII, 42; total length 615 microns. Length of spines: post-

oculars 105 microns, on anterior margin and angles of prothorax

72 microns, mid-laterals 120 microns on posterior angles, outer 150

microns, inner 132 microns, on ninth abdominal segment 195 microns,

at tip of tube 240 microns.

Head 1.75 longer than wide, broadest across at eyes, slightly nar-

rower behind eyes; cheeks straight and narrowed again at the base.

Postocular spines long and prominent, placed 75 microns back from

posterior margins of eyes, with blunt tips. Eyes large, somewhat

concave on inner margins where they have a tendency to surround

the outer sides of the posterior ocelli which are contiguous with

them. Anterior ocellus on swollen vertex. Mouth cone long and

sharply pointed, reaching beyond posterior margin of prosternum.

Antenna 1.66 longer than head, segment three increasing in width

gradually from its broad base to the tip, not clavate in shape as in

most species in this genus.

Prothorax .54 as long as head, with all normal spines strongly

developed, with blunt tips. Pterothorax much wider than prothorax.

Sculpturing on metanotum distinctly longitudinal from anterior

margin. Legs long and slender, fore tarsi unarmed. Wings fully

developed with parallel sides, fore pair with sixteen double-fringe

hairs.

Abdomen elongate. Tube long and slender, .75 as long as head

and about 1.3 wider at base than at tip. Spines on ninth abdominal

segment long but much shorter than length of tube.

Male allotype: Similar in shape and color to female, but some-

what smaller.

Total body length 2.66 mm. ; head, length .35 mm., width at

eyes .21 mm.; at cheeks .183 mm.; prothorax, length .166 mm.,

width .30 mm. ; mesothorax width .416 mm. ; abdomen width

.366 mm. ; tube length .30 mm. ; width at base .07 mm. An-

July, 1929]

MOULTON THYSANOPTERA

tennse : length (width) I, 30; II, 54; III, 150; IV, 126; V, 105;

VI, 78; VII, 66; VIII, 42; total length 645 microns. Length

of spines : postoculars 90 microns, on anterior margin of pro-

thorax 69 microns, on anterior angles 60 microns, mid-laterals

90 microns, on posterior angles, outer 126, inner 120 microns,

on ninth abdominal segment 240 microns, at tip of tube 210

microns.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, two male

and two female paratypes and one larva taken on oak foliage,

January 18, 1926 (Professor G. F. Ferris). Types in author’s

collection (Moulton, Nos. 2558 and 2567).

Type locality : Coalcoman, Michoacan, Mexico, altitude

7500 feet.

This species seems to be most closely related to L. major

Bufifa, but I am unable to make a comparison because of the

brief description of the latter species. L. micurus Bagnall,

Egypt, has a much more prominent and swollen vertex, a

shorter and broader tube and greatly reduced thoracic bristles.

Rhynchothrips brevitubus Moulton, n. sp.

Female, holotype (macropterous) : Color dark chestnut brown to

blackish brown including all legs and antennal segments I, II and

V to VIII, II yellow in first and third quarters and brown in second

and fourth quarters, IV dark brown with a light band in third

quarter. Thorax and abdomen with red hypodermal pigment. Wings

brownish in basal third, clear in distal two-thirds, all prominent body

spines dark brown.

Total body length 1.82 mm.; head length .23 mm., width .20 mm.;

prothorax length .183 mm., width, including coxae, .383 mm.; ptero-

thorax width .466 mm.; abdomen width .516 mm.; tube length .15

mm., width at base .083 mm. Antennae: length (width) I, 36 (36);

II, 51 (36); III, 69 (33); IV, 69 (39); V, 66 (34); VI, 66 (33); VII,

48 (27); VIII, 30; total length 450 microns. Length of spines: post-

oculars 66 microns, on anterior margin of prothorax 42 microns, on

anterior angles 42 microns; mid-laterals 51 microns on posterior

angles, outer 105 microns, inner 84 microns, on ninth abdominal

segment 81 microns, at tip of tube 111 microns, basal wing spines

48, 51, and 51 microns, respectively.

Head .2 longer than wide; cheeks slightly arched. Postocular

spines as long as eyes, with blunt tips. Postocellar spines somewhat

longer than diameter of ocelli. Eyes large, subovate. Anterior

ocellus on slightly swollen vertex and directed forward; posterior

ocelli large and contiguous with anterior inner margins of eyes.

Mouth cone extremely long and pointed, extending halfway across

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

mesosternum. Antenna moderately stout, twice as long as head,

segment III clavate with one sense cone on outer surface, IV to VII

oval-pediculate, VIII broadly joined to VII and sharply conical.

Prothorax .3 shorter than head and twice as wide as median length

of pronotum, the latter with short median thickening. All spines

present with blunt tips, pair on each posterior angle longest, the

outer somewhat longer than the inner. Pterothorax broad. Legs

fairly stout, fore femora thickened, each fore tarsus armed with a

broad, blunt tooth.

Abdomen large. Tube very short, .65 as long as head and approxi-

mately twice as long as basal width.

Male allotype (brachypterous) : Similar in shape and color to

female, except that the fore femora are more noticeably enlarged and

the tooth on each fore tarsus is more prominent, angular, and bears

two spines on its outer surface.

Total body length 1.6 mm.; head length .216 mm., width .17

mm.; prothorax length .183 mm., width, including coxae, .40

mm. ; pterothorax width .39 mm. ; abdomen width .43 mm. ; tube

length .15 mm., width at base .08 mm. Antennae: length

(width) I, — ; II, — ; III, 75 (30) ; IV, 78 (33) ; V, 72 (30) ;

VI, 69 (27) ; VII, 54 (27) ; VIII, 36 ; total length 450 microns.

Length of spines : postoculars 81 microns, on anterior margin

of prothorax 45 microns, on anterior angles 48 microns, mid-

laterals 60 microns, on posterior angles, outer 105 microns,

inner 96 microns, on ninth abdominal segment, spines 120

microns, spurs 45 microns, at tip of tube 120 microns.

Type material : Female holotype, two macropterous and nine

brachypterous female paratypes, male allotype and two brachyp-

terous male paratypes, found deforming leaves of an unknown

host plant, July 26, 1927 (Professor G. F. Ferris). Types in

author’s collection (Moulton, .No. 2561).

Type locality : Mazatlan, Mexico.

This species is most closely related to R. dentifer Hood, but

may be separated by its somewhat larger size, longer third and

fourth antennal segments, 69, as compared with 54-57 m.,

respectively, in the latter species, and by the striking bandlike

coloration of the third antennal segment. H. dentifer has the

third antennal segment brownish yellow, shaded with brown at

the sides and over distal two-thirds. The fore wings of brevi-

tubus are brownish in basal third, while in dentifer they are

brownish in the middle.

July, 1929 ] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE COLEOPTERA,

NUMBER THREE

BY DR. FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School, San Francisco, California

Blapstinus falli Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form oblong-oval, slightly more than twice as long as wide,

moderately convex. Color black; trophi, four basal joints of antennae

and legs, dark rufous; distal joints of antennae and tarsi, rufo-piceous.

Pubescence moderately abundant, inconspicuous, slender, moderately

short, recumbent and fuscous in color. Wings a little longer than

the elytra.

Head wider than long, a little less than half as wide as the pro-

notum; sides quite evenly arcuate from the tempora to the rounded

epistomal angles, and moderately convergent before the eyes; episto-

mal apex broadly, slightly emarginate; frons evenly and less than

moderately convex, evenly and rather closely punctate, punctures

moderately small, more or less oval, finer anteriorly and laterally,

with some evidence of coalescing in longitudinal lines, separated by

a distance equal to from one-half to one times their own diameter;

frontal and oblique sutures obliterated. Eyes moderately coarsely

faceted, upper segment slightly unevenly circular and in diameter

equal to the length of third antennal joint; lower segment larger

and oval, in greatest diameter equal to the combined length of

second and third antennal joints. Antennas rather slender, moderate

in length, about attaining the pronotal base; distal four joints slightly

incrassate; joints two, three, and four quite cylindrical, two about

two-fifths as long as three, four a fourth longer than two, five about

three-fourths as long as four; five, six, and seven subequal and as

long as two; eight a little wider and as long as wide; nine and

ten noticeably transverse, ten one-fourth wider than long; eleven

obovate, as long as three, sides converging to the truncate apex,

rufous in apical half; last four joints very slightly compressed.

Pronotum less than twice as wide as long, apex truncato-emargi-

nate between the obtusely rounded apical angles; base broadly

arcuate in middle three-fifths, broadly but not deeply sinuate later-

ally, angles subrectangular to slightly obtuse; sides parallel, broadly,

evenly and moderately arcuate, converging slightly anteriorly, mar-

ginal bead rather fine; disk evenly and moderately convex, rather

densely punctate, punctures oval, larger than those of the head,

slightly irregular in distribution, somewhat denser laterally where

there is some coalescence in longitudinal lines; centrally the punc-

tures are separated by a distance equal to one or two times their

diameter.

Propleurae longitudinally rugose. Pronotal margin appearing ex-

planate when viewed from beneath, projecting in anterior three-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

fourths to a distance equal to the length of the fifth antennal joint,

the abruptly indexed surface slightly convex and smooth and defined

from the rugose surface by a rather sharp impressed line.

Elytra about a half longer than wide, base feebly emarginate oppo-

site the basal pronotal lobe, slightly wider than the pronotal base;

humeri obtusely rounded; sides parallel, feebly arcuate, broadly

rounded at apex; disk moderately convex, less so on the dorsum;

striate, striae composed of scarcely impressed punctures in the sutural

area, outer striae feebly impressed where the intervals become very

slightly convex; strial punctures about three times as large as those

of the intervals and separated by a distance equal to two or three

times their diameter; interstitial punctures irregular, small, separated

by a distance equal to two to four times their diameter. Surface

very finely and microscopically reticulate. Scutellum triangular,

punctate centrally. Epipleurae not distinctly punctate.

Undersurface of the body quite evenly punctate, punctures small,

smaller on middle of the abdominal segments, the latter more or less

rugulose laterally and the punctures somewhat larger; punctures not

dense on the fifth segment which is more or less broadly and very

feebly impressed in the central area against the apex in both sexes.

Legs moderate in length and stoutness.

Male: Noticeably narrower, a little less robust. Abdomen broadly,

rather abruptly and feebly impressed along the middle third of

segments one and two and basal part of three, the impression

subfusiform; impression of the fifth rather more strongly marked.

Protarsi moderately broadly dilated, joints two and three subequal

in width and transverse, second just noticeably longer than the third,

length about equal to the apical width of the first; fourth small and

triangular; mesotarsi feebly dilated; dilated joints densely clothed

beneath with yellowish pubescence. Female: Broader and a little

more robust. Abdomen moderately and evenly convex. Tarsal joints

not dilated.

Measurements (types): Length, 5. 1-5.4 mm.; width, 2.2-2. 5 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2515, and allotype, female, No. 2516,

and five paratypes in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences ; two are to be placed in the collection of Mr. H. C.

Fall, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. Nine specimens studied.

Type locality: Naples, Santa Barbara County, California.

Collected in April, 1918, by H. C. Fall, to whom the species

is dedicated.

A study of the metatarsi give the following results : Male —

Second joint slightly longer than the third, together about a

fourth longer than the first. Female — Second and third joints

quite equal, together subequal to the first; fourth three times

as long as the third and a little longer than the first.

July, 1929] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

According to Casey’s table falli is to follow histricus Casey

in the sequence of species. Falli differs from the latter in being

more robust and black in color; histricus is elongate oval in

form and brownish piceous in color. Coronadensis Blais, should

precede histricus in the list of species and is to be differenti-

ated from falli by its piceous color, dull luster, much less

dilated protarsi of the male and coarser fulvous pubescence.

In the three species the wings are slightly shorter or a little

longer than the elytra. Those species of Blapstinus with well-

developed wings are very rarely observed in flight. The author

on two occasions has seen dilatatus Lee. in actual flight. The

flight is heavy and labored.

Mecomycter liebecki Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form oblong-ovate, a little more than twice as long as wide, sides

noticeably convergent anteriorly. Color nigro-piceous; prothorax

and legs rufo-testaceous; antennae similarly pale with the three distal

joints black and joints seven and eight rufo-piceous; muzzle more

or less pale beneath, palpi more or less piceous, epistoma pale.

Pubescence moderately abundant, short, fine, recumbent, inconspicu-

ous and cinereo-fuscous in color, slightly more abundant and paler

on the pronotum; on the elytra abundantly intermixed with darker,

nearly erect setae of similar length; the latter less evident on the

pronotum; marginal fimbriae absent in specimens examined, although

very widely spaced and erect setae are occasionally seen on the

lateral pronotal and elytral margins. The pronotal disk is often

blackish centro-apically, the area varying greatly in size and intensity.

Head moderately small, a little longer than wide, quite equal in

width to the pronotal apex, muzzle moderately prolonged; frons

flat, feebly and longitudinally impressed each side within the eyes

and antennal insertions, sides not distinctly margined, fronto-

antennal articulation quite visible from above; surface rather coarsely

and densely punctate, interspaces with scattered punctules, coarser

punctures most noticeable at sides and vertex, finer centrally and

anteriorly. Eyes rather large, moderately convex, setose and

moderately prominent. Basal joints of the maxillary palpi promi-

nent each side of the base of mentum, the latter longitudinally

oblong. Antennae rather short, not attaining the pronotal base, first

joint oval and rather stout, second shorter and subglobular, third

feebly obconical, less than twice as long as wide; fourth and fifth

a little longer than wide, sixth noticeably shorter and smaller than

the fifth, seventh to tenth inclusive slightly wider than long, eleventh

short obovate.

Pronotum about a third wider than long, widest and subangulate

at about basal third, where the marginal bead is visible for a short

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

distance when viewed from above; sides rather straight and moder-

ately convergent in anterior two-thirds, in basal third feebly arcuate

to the very obtusely rounded basal angles; base moderately arcuate

and beaded in middle three-fifths; apex moderately arcuate in feeble

circular arc, apical angles broadly rounded with the sides; viewed

from the side the marginal acute line descends arcuately on the

flanks, continuing the basal line, to a point in front of the middle

of the flank, then more rapidly curving upward to become arcuately

continuous with the apical line; disk moderately convex, rather

coarsely punctate, punctures separated by a distance equal to their

diameter, a fine groove against the basal bead.

Elytra about one-half longer than wide, slightly dilated posteriorly,

apex broadly rounded, slightly reentrant at suture with the angles

obtusely rounded; base distinctly wider than the pronotal base,

humeri rather broadly exposed, rounded and moderately tumid; very

moderately convex on the dorsum, more strongly so laterally,

coarsely but not strongly punctate, punctures separated by a dis-

tance equal to one or two times their diameter, surface slightly

subrugulose basally, more finely sculptured apically. Body finely

punctured beneath, pubescence short, pale and recumbent. Legs

moderate in length and stoutness.

Male: Usually a little smaller and narrower. Pronotum less

transverse, usually with a black apical cloud attaining the apical

margin and variable in size. Elytral base less noticeably wider than

the pronotal base. Antennae gradually and distinctly incrassate in

distal five joints, eleventh slightly more robust than the preceding

joints, ninth and tenth transverse, about a fourth wider than long,

seventh and eighth smaller and very feebly transverse and more

rounded. Female: Usually larger and broader. Pronotum entirely

pale, more transverse, sides less noticeably convergent anteriorly.

Antennse less stout, eleventh joint less robust, usually quite equal

in width to the tenth and ninth; seventh and eighth stouter and more

noticeably transverse.

Measurements (types): Length, 2.4 to 2.8 mm.; width, 1 to 1.3 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2517; allotype, female, No. 2518, and

four paratypes, all in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences. Eight paratypes in the collection of Charles

Liebeck, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to whom I am indebted

for the specimens and opportunity to describe the species.

Type locality: Laredo, Texas. Fourteen specimens studied,

collected on June 4. I take pleasure in dedicating the species

to Mr. Liebeck.

Liebecki is very distinct in coloration from omalinus Horn

and facetus Casey. Facetus is pale testaceous in color with

some piceous clouding of the elytra, and the pronotal disk has

July, 1929] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

a black apical cloud. The muzzle is shorter in a specimen of

facetus in the Liebeck collection than in liebecki. The head is

missing in the type of facetus. In Liebeck’s specimen the bases

of maxillary palpi are less prominent, the mentum is oblong,

smooth and truncate at apex. The edeagophore is partly pro-

truded showing the specimen to be a male.

In Mecomycter the claws are slender and without append-

ages. The epipleurse are subhorizontal, moderate in width

and obsolete behind the middle; the pronotum is without an

impressed submarginal line. The head is very moderately pro-

longed before the antennal insertions, epistoma feebly chitinized,

and the base of the maxillary palpi are obtusely prominent

beneath.

1, Left antenna of Blapstinus falli, n. sp., female; 2, Left eye of

Blapstinus falli: a, upper segment; b, lower segment; 3, Left pro-

tarsus of Blapstinus falli, male; 4, Right mesotarsus of Blapstinus

falli, male; 5, Elytral sculpturing in sutural area, hairs directed back-

ward, Blapstinus falli ; 6, Broadly dilated protarsus of Blapstinus

rufipes Casey.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

NOTES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE WAX SECRETION

OF CERTAIN COCCINELLID LARV2E

BY JOHN B. STEIN WEDEN

San Francisco, California

The systematic and comparative study of the Coccidas by

modern workers has brought to light many facts regarding the

production of wax in scale insects, the types of wax-producing

pores and ducts, the function of waxy secretions, and the for-

mation of tassels and tests. The superficial resemblance in life

of certain wax-covered Coccinellid larvae, such as Scymnus,

Cryptolccmus and Hyperaspis to mealy bugs (Coccidae), leads

to an inquiry regarding possible analogies in the origin of the

wax. A search of all the available literature failed to produce

any satisfactory knowledge. Essig, in describing Cryptolccmus

montrouzieri larvae in 1910, mentioned the fact that “the body

was covered with white, woolly secretions of various shapes —

the covering arranged in long filaments, each filament arising

from the dorsal and lateral spine areas and extending in all

directions.” J. H. Gage, who studied the morphology of the

Coccinellid larvae, devised an elaborate terminology for the

parts of the body and arranged tables for the identification and

classification of a few of the more common species, but regard-

ing the production of wax, merely stated that the larvae of the

tribe Hyperaspini cover themselves with flocculent masses of

waxlike excretion.

The purpose of this paper is to present a few facts and

figures regarding the wax-producing pores found in several of

the common species of Coccinellids and in an unidentified larva

from Central America, all of which were covered in life with

masses of white wax and projecting waxy tassels. Figures are

also given of the wax-producing ducts found in a common

mealy bug, Pseudococcus gahani Green.

My acknowledgments are due to Professor G. F. Ferris,

Messrs. F. T. Scott, P. F. Wright, and L. E. Myers for the

collection of valuable material used in this paper.

According to the Coccinellid terminology devised by Gage, a

struma is a distinct moundlike projection of the body wall upon

which are situated a few chelazce, a chelaza being a slight

July, 1929 ] stein weden — coccinellid larvae

pimplelike projection of the body wall, usually wider than long,

and bearing on its distal end a stout seta.

Unknown Larva From Central America

This specimen, apparently belonging to the Coccinellini, was

taken by quarantine officials at San Francisco on bananas from

Central America, and in life resembled a mealy bug in appear-

ance with long lateral tassels of white wax. A prepared slide

showed the presence of one struma on the dorso-lateral margins

of each thoracic and abdominal segment and two strumae on

the dorso-cephalic margins of the prothorax. The dorsum of

the thorax had a fair number of small and medium-sized setae

which were also more sparsely scattered over the dorsum of the

abdomen.

Each struma in this species (Fig. 7) bears at the apex one

long, fairly stout seta and fifteen or twenty very much smaller

setae, four around the base of the large seta being a little larger

than the rest. Surrounding each seta is a band of pores

arranged in spherical pattern, six pores surrounding the small

setae (Fig. 2) and sixteen pores surrounding the bases of the

large setae (Fig. 4). All the setae scattered over the dorsum

of the thorax and abdomen have these bands of pores, the

number of pores varying from six to twelve, depending on the

size of the setae.

In life this larva was covered with white wax and had long,

lateral tassels of wax. The presence of pores on the dorsum

indicates that the body wax may be a secretion of these pores

and the arrangement of pores around the groups of setae in the

lateral strumae shows the probable source and production of the

long, lateral tassels of wax. The wax is poured from the pores

as a fluid, runs out over the setae and hardens to form filaments.

Cryptol^mus montrouzieri Mulsant

This well-known species, commonly known as the mealy-bug

destroyer, has the body covered with white wax arranged in

long tassels on the dorsum and dorso-lateral margins, and with

little or no wax on the venter. Early instars, as well as mature

larvae, have this heavy covering of wax. Prepared slides show

that the segments of the thorax bear a struma on the dorso-

lateral margins and four or five dorsal strumae arranged in a

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

transverse row, while the abdominal segments, with the excep-

tion of the ninth, bear a struma on the dorso-lateral margins

and a transverse row of six to eight strumae on the dorsum.

The ninth segment is chitinized and bears numerous long setae

along the margins. The dorsum is covered with many tiny

circular pores arranged in more or less circular groups (Fig. 5).

Struma . — The strumae (Fig. 1) in this species are mound-

like projections of the body wall bearing ten to fifteen setae,

four or five of which are long and fairly stout while the

remainder are somewhat smaller and shorter. A few groups

of minute circular pores are scattered among the setae. There

is considerable space between the seta and the alveolus, but

there is no group of pores surrounding the seta as in the

unknown larva previously described (Fig. 3).

Pores . — The dorsum is covered with groups of very minute

pores, each group being somewhat circular in form and con-

sisting of eight to twelve pores forming an outer circle with

two or three enclosed pores (Fig. 5). These pore groups are

very thickly arranged over the flat derm, but are only sparsely

scattered over the elevated strumae. Wax is probably poured

from these hundreds of pores as a fluid and some of it runs

out over the long setae of the strumae, and hardens to form long,

waxy tassels. The production of wax and waxy filaments in

Cryptolcemus montrouzieri is then probably similar to the pro-

duction in the unknown Coccinellid larva, the wax in both spe-

cies being produced from small pores as a fluid and hardening

upon associated setae to form filaments.

Hyperaspis lateralis Mulsant 1

Pores . — The dorsum is literally covered with many pores

which are of two distinct types. One type is tubular, fairly

thick-walled with a slightly capitate apex in longitudinal section

(Fig. 10), and in cross section is crescent-shaped, indicating

that the tube is not completely closed. This form is more

numerous and is noticeably larger than the second form and is

considerably larger than any of the pores in other Coccinellid

larvae that I have studied. The other type of pore is tubular

with the apex slightly chitinous and somewhat knoblike

(Fig. 11). Pores of this smaller form are more often found

i The identification of this species is not certain.

July, 1929 ] stein weden — coccinellid larv^

around the bases of the large setae, although not confined to

those areas. The derm is tessellated so that it is divided into

small, faintly outlined cells.

Hyperaspis moerens (Lee.)

Pores. — The dorsal pores of this species are fewer and less

conspicuous than in Hyperaspis lateralis Mulsant, and are of

two types. The more numerous type is very small and indistinct,

but appears to be ovate or subovate in shape and the pores are

thinly distributed all over the dorsum (Fig. 6). The derm is

tessellated and divided into small cell-like plates, each plate

having two or a few more pores (Fig. 6). The tessellations

fade out in parts of the derm and are not always as distinct as

the figure shows. The second type of pore in H. moerens is

essentially the same as the tubular, capitate form found in

Hyperaspis lateralis Mulsant, although they are considerably

smaller. Like those in H. lateralis they are distributed rather

thickly around the bases of the larger setae.

Scymnus nebulosus Le Conte

In this species there are two kinds of dorsal pores, each dis-

tinct in appearance and in arrangement. The smaller pores are

found close to the strumae and in the immediate surrounding

area (Fig. 14), and they are arranged in more or less circular

groups of four or five. Also around each of the larger single

dorsal setae there are ten to fifteen of these small pores, all

arranged singly, however, instead of in groups. They seem to

be simple, round pores, and are very small, about .5 mm. in

diameter or less. There are also many larger, round pores,

about 1 or 1.5 mm. in diameter (Fig. 13), which are generally

distributed over the dorsum, but are more numerous and closer

together along the lateral margins of the body where there is

an indication of a cellular arrangement, but which is not as

distinct as in Hyperaspis moerens (Lee.).

Each struma bears one long, large seta and two shorter

slender setae of unequal size, and they are arranged in a trans-

verse row across each abdominal and thoracic segment, each

segment bearing about seven strumae. The single setae are more

numerous and are variable in size, but are all smaller than the

large setae of the strumae. In life this species has white wax

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

on the dorsum which is arranged in rather short tassels except

on the lateral margins where the tassels are sometimes fairly

long.

Scymnus guttulatus Le Conte

The arrangement of pores and of strumae in this species is

very similar to that in Scymnus nebulosus Le Conte, there being

small pores surrounding the strumae and setae, and many larger

pores all over the dorsum. The smaller pores are the same as

the corresponding ones in nebulosus (Fig. 12), but the larger

pores appear to be compound instead of simple, having four,

five or six locelli, usually five, and resemble the stellate pores

found in many of the Coccidae, although they are very much

smaller. They are slightly larger than those in nebulosus, how-

ever, and this may account for the visibility of the locelli,

although I have studied specimens of nebulosus very carefully

under the oil immersion objective and all the pores appeared

to be the simple type without locelli. In life the wax on the

dorsum is arranged in fairly long tassels, both dorsally and

laterally.

It seems probable from the nature of the pores and their

arrangement around the strumae that the wax and waxy fila-

ments in these four latter species is produced in the same

manner as described for Cryptolcemus montrouzieri and the

unknown larva.

Wax of several forms is produced by certain of the scale

insects (Coccidae), and the mealy bugs (Pseudococcinae) are

covered with white wax and wax tassels which give them a

resemblance to the wax-covered Coccinellid larvae. In order to

compare the wax-secreting structures of the two groups a

cerarius (Fig. 8), and a few wax pores of one of our common

mealy bugs is figured. This species, Pseudococcus gahani

Green, is covered in life with white wax except for four longi-

tudinal rows of conspicuous dots on the dorsum. There are

short, stout marginal tassels and a single pair of long, stout,

caudal tassels. Among the morphological characters are the

presence of seventeen pairs of cerarii, the anterior three or four

pairs with three spines, the remainder with only two, those of

the anal pair being considerably larger than the others. Each

cerarius has numerous triangular pores and several small aux-

July, 1929] stein weden — coccinellid larvae

O 0 3> ®

0 a @ e

^ fls> ^ «

10 -

1, Cryptolcemus montrouzieri, struma; 2, Central American larva,

3, Cryptolcemus montrouzieri, strumal seta; 4, Central American larva,

large strumal seta; 5, Cryptolcemus montrouzieri, section of derm; 6,

Hyperaspis mcerens, section of derm; 7, Central American larva,

struma; 8, Pseudococcus gahani, cerarius; 9, same, triangular cerarian

pore (enlarged) ; 10, Hyperaspis lateralis, section of derm with large

pores; 11, same, with small pores; 12, Scymnus guttulatus, large pores;

13, Scymnus nebulosus, large pores; 14, same, struma.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

iliary setae. There are a few cylindrical ducts scattered over

the derm and many triangular pores (Fig. 9) on the dorsum

which secrete the mass of white wax. The liquid wax runs out

upon the cerarian setae and spines to harden and forms tassels,

which is probably analogous to the condition in the Coccinellid

larvae. However, the pores are of a different type and size and

their arrangement around the lateral setae is somewhat different,

so that there is no true homology. It is evident, therefore, that

a very similar appearance in life may arise from morphologi-

cally quite different bases.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

E. O. Essig — Natural Enemies of the Citrus Mealy Bug, Pomona

Journal of Entomology, 2, 1910, p. 260.

E. O. Essig — Insects of Western North America, p. 415.

J. H. Gage — The Larvae of the Coccinellidae, Illinois Biological

Monographs, 6, No. 4, 1920, pp. 143-294.

H. S. Smith and H. M. Armitage — Biological Control of Mealy

Bugs in California, Mon. Bull., Calif. State Dept, of Agriculture,

April, 1920.

A New Codling Moth Parasite

During the month of August 1928 the field inspectors of the

Saticoy Walnut Growers’ Association observed an ichneumonid

which appeared to be attracted to the infested fruit. It was

very active and difficult to capture. The first of September

fifty immature larvae from fruit collected at random in one

orchard, where the parasite was observed, were brought in to

the laboratory and examined. Fifteen had been stung and para-

lyzed, and on each a large elongate egg had been deposited.

The female evidently oviposits through the green tissue of the

husk. In one instance a parasitized larva was found in the

kernel.

The size of the adults reared varied greatly, due to the varia-

tion in the size of the larvae attacked.

Adults obtained in the field and reared in the insectary were

identified by Mr. R. A. Cushman as Calliephialtes n. sp. —

Stanley E. Flanders.

July, 1929]

KNOWLTON — APHID NOTES

APHID NOTES FROM UTAH 1

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON 2

Pterochlorus ros^e (Cholodkovsky)

This large, brown bark feeder was very abundant upon Rosa

fendleri, on the Utah Agricultural College campus during the

latter part of May and throughout June 1928. Specimens were

first collected by Miss Verda Dowdle, on May 28. At this time

wingless forms and nymphs were fairly abundant, but no alates

were found. Early in June winged forms began appearing and

were present in small numbers throughout the month. By the

beginning of July, the colonies were becoming scarce, contain-

ing few individuals, and soon disappeared entirely.

This aphid is very active and easily disturbed. If an infested

twig is disturbed, many of the individuals drop off ; others run

up or down the stem to get away or to find a hiding place.

This bronze aphid was attended by large numbers of the

common ant, Formica rufa.

Apterous <vi<vipara. Color brown; body and appendages covered

with numerous long, curved hairs; size 2.7 to 3 mm. long and about

1.7 mm. wide across the abdomen; rostrum long, reaching abdomen;

head somewhat rounded, with a prominent median suture; antennae

about half the length of the body; antennal III, 0.53 to 0.58 mm. long,

and armed with 4 to 7 large, oval sensoria; IV, 0.22 mm., with 1 to 3

sensoria; V, 0.21 mm.; VI, 0.15 + 0.03 to 0.16 + 0.35 mm.; legs rather

long; cornicles merely raised rings on hairy, broadly cone-shaped

black bases; cauda and anal plate black, rounded.

A late vivipara. Color brown with blackish brown appendages;

body and appendages covered with long, curved hairs; rostrum long,

reaching abdomen; head somewhat rounded in front, with a promi-

nent median suture; ocular tubercles moderately developed; median

ocellus under the vertex of the head; antennae reaching the abdomen;

antennal III, 0.39 to 0.47 mm. long, and armed with 4 to 10 large,

oval sensoria; IV, 0.17 to 0.21 mm., with 1 to 3 sensoria; V, 0.22 to

0.25 mm.; VI, 0.13 + 0.03 to 0.15 + 0.45 mm.; legs moderately long

and black; wings with normal venation; front wing with radial

sector curved and inserted some distance back of the point of the

stigma, media indistinct; a dark pigmented patch on the membrane

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural

Experiment Station. Publication authorized by the director, January 26,

1929.

2 The writer wishes to thank O'. W. Oestlund, P. W. Mason, M. A.

Palmer, and A. C. Maxson for examining certain of the forms discussed

in this paper.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

back of proximal part of the stigma; cornicles mere rings on broadly

conical, black, hairy bases; cauda and anal plate black, rounded.

When placed alive in balsam, on a slide, like most dark

aphids, this form discolors the balsam and makes a mount that

is unsatisfactory for examination. Most of the specimens of

this species, collected by the writer, were killed and stored in

70 per cent alcohol, punctured with a sharp needle, and left to

fade out for several days, with one or two changes of alcohol

to aid in the clearing process. After the specimens stopped

discoloring the alcohol, they were run up through 85 and 95

per cent alcohol for about two hours in each solution. After

this, the alcohol was drawn off, the excess moisture taken up

with blotting paper, and a quantity of clearing cedar oil poured

on. After remaining in cedar oil for about twenty-four hours,

the specimens were mounted directly in balsam. This provided

good, clear mounts, with practically no breaking of antennae,

legs, or distortion of wings.

Fig. 1. Pterochlorus ros ae (Choi.). A, antenna of alate viviparous;

B, antenna of apterous viviparous; C, rostrum or beak of apterous;

D, front wing of alate; E, head of alate; F, cornicle of apterous.

Periphyllus negundinis (Thomas)

This pale yellowish, hairy aphid is very commonly found in

Utah, sometimes causing damage to the box elder, Acer negundo,

upon the leaves of which it feeds. The tiny, very much

depressed dimorphs, with their fan-like setae are encountered

on the leaves during the summer months, apparently making

no growth for weeks at a time. The writer has collected this

species in Utah from Bountiful, Brigham City, Brigham

Canyon, Centerfield, City Creek Canyon, Emigration Canyon,

Farmington Canyon, Logan, Logan Canyon, Mona, Newton,

Provo, Salina, Salt Lake City, Spanish Fork, and Tremonton.

Collections have also been made in Idaho at Clifton, Dayton,

Malad, and Preston.

Chaitophoroides middletonii (Thomas)

This long-beaked dandelion aphid was collected on one of

the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station farms in North

Logan, Utah, on September 4 and 7, 1926. The first collection

was made by Mr. A. C. Burrill and the writer while they were

examining aphid and ant associations in connection with ant

behavior and control studies.

July, 1929]

KNOWLTON APHID NOTES

This greenish blue to yellowish green aphid was very numer-

ous, feeding on the crown and root of the common dandelion,

Taraxacum officinale. All of the aphids were under the sur-

face of the ground, and those on the roots extended to a depth

of about three inches. Ants, Formica rufa, were very abundant,

and had formed a sort of thatch of alfalfa straws and grass

around the infested dandelions.

This species is interesting because of its subterranean habits,

its reticulated and pruinose-covered body, and the possession

of numerous long, fine, Chaitophorus-like hairs on the legs and

antennae.

Apterous 'vivipara. Body greenish blue to yellowish green, grayish

pruinose, and covered with reticulations; lateral and dorsal black

areas cover part of each body segment; size 1.8 to 2.3 mm. long and

1.25 mm. wide across the abdomen; antennae 1 mm. long and black,

except distal ends of III, IV, and V, which are light; antennal III,

0.22 to 0.27 mm. long and armed with 0 to 14 sensoria (usually

7 to 12) which are more numerous on the distal half of the segment;

IV, 0.14 to 0.16 mm., with 1 to 8 sensoria (usually 2 to 7); V, 0.13

to 0.17 mm., with 0 to 3 sensoria in addition to the primary sen-

sorium which is situated well back from the apex of the segment;

VI, 0.1 + 0.18 to 0.1 + 0.2 mm., with 0 to 1 secondary sensorium

on basal portion of the segment; legs short and covered with a

great number of fine sensilla; abdomen with lateral tubercles which

are best developed on the first abdominal segment and back of the

cornicles; cornicles black, cylindrical with a weak flange, and

0.15 mm. to 0.18 mm. long; cauda black, moderately long, tapering

beyond the broad basal portion, and with numerous sensilla; anal

plate black, rounded.

Alate vivipara. Color of head, thorax and appendages, blackish

to black, abdomen green with lateral patches of black; size 1.5 to

1.8 mm. long; rostrum long, reaching third coxae; antennae black

except apical ends of III, IV, and V, which are light; antennal III,

0.31 to 0.3'5 mm. long, and armed with 21 to 32 wide margined sen-

soria of various sizes, occurring in larger numbers on the distal half

of the segment; IV, 0.15 to 0.18 mm., with 8 to 15 sensoria; V, 0.14

to 0.16 mm., with 5 to 8 secondary sensoria in addition to the hair-

fringed primary sensorium; VI, 0.1 + 0.18 to 0.11 -f- 0.21 mm., with

0 to 1 secondary sensorium on basal part of segment; prothorax

with well-developed tubercles; wings with normal venation; legs

moderately developed and armed with numerous sensilla; abdomen

with lateral tubercles which are largest on the first segment and

back of the cornicles; cornicles black, 0.15 mm. long, cylindrical

and with a weak flange; cauda black, tapering gradually from broader

base to rounded apex, and armed with numerous hairs.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. VI, NO. 1

Apterous o<vipara. Color green, yellowish green or reddish green;

body covered with reticulations, grayish pruinose, with fewer black

areas than in the apterous viviparous; size 1.75 to 2.2 mm. long and

1.1 mm. wide across the abdomen; rostrum reaching third coxae;

antennae black, seldom reaching 1 mm. in length, and situated on

poorly developed tubercles; antennal III, 0.17 to 0.19 mm. long, and

without sensoria; IV, 0.11 to 0.13 mm.; V, 0.11 to 0.13 mm.; VI,

0. 1 + 0.16 to 0.1 + 0.19 mm.; prothoracic tubercles well developed;

legs short and covered with numerous fine sensilla; abdomen with

lateral tubercles, the first and last pairs being largest; cornicles black,

cylindrical, with a weak flange, and 0.15 mm. long; cauda slightly

shorter and more blunt than in apterous viviparous, and with about

12 to 14 sensilla; anal plate black, rounded.

Eggs 0.52 to 0.55 mm. long and about 0.22 mm. thick.

Alate viviparous, apterous viviparous and apterous oviparous

females were all present when the first collection was made in

early September, 1926.

This aphid seems to be Aphis middletonii Thomas. It has a

bushy cauda, hairy legs, and is a root feeder. Instead of hav-

ing a body of almost a uniform lead gray, it differs from the

original description 3 in having the head black, and black lateral

and dorsal areas on the thorax and abdomen of the apterous

viviparous forms. The antennae are blackish to black, instead

of lighter than the body, and the cornicles and cauda are. black,

instead of lead gray or lighter colored. This is the same spe-

cies as that collected by H. L. Sweetman 4 from the roots of

dandelion at Ames, Iowa, August 12, 1924, and determined

middletonii Thomas, by Dr. E. M. Patch. Mr. Sweetman very

kindly lent the writer slides of this species, for comparison with

the Utah material.

Fig. 2. Chaitophoroides middletonii (Thomas). A, antenna of alate

viviparous; B, antenna of apterous viviparous; C, antenna of apterous

oviparous; D, section of reticulated body surface from side of

abdomen of apterous viviparous; E, apterous viviparous; F, cornicle

of oviparous; G, cornicle of apterous viviparous; H, cornicle of alate;

1, cauda of oviparous; J, cauda of apterous viviparous; K, cauda of

alate.

Chaitophoroides populifolle (Fitch)

This speckled poplar aphid was present in Smithfleld Canyon,

Utah, on August 24, 1925. Enormous numbers of both winged

3 Thomas, Cyrus. Eighth Report of the State Entomologist on the

Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois, pp. 99-100, 1877.

4 Sweetman, H. L. Notes on Insects Inhabiting the Roots of Weeds.

Annals of the Ent. Soc. of America, Vol. 21, No. 4, p. 595, 1928.

July, 1929]

KNOWLTON APHID NOTES

and wingless females were attacking the apical leaves and

tender bark on nearly all branches of infested trees. Both sur-

faces of the leaves were commonly attacked by this aphid so

that handling of the infested parts of the plant stained the

hands reddish brown from the body liquids of individuals that

became mashed. A large black ant was attending this aphid,

and numerous syrphid larvae were feeding upon it.

Additional collections of this species have been made at

Birch Canyon and Big Cottonwood Canyon in Utah, and in

Immigration Canyon, Idaho.

Apterous vivipara. Color brownish red with white flocculent

patches over parts of the body; size 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long and 1.4 to

1.6 mm. wide across the abdomen; rostrum scarcely reaching third

coxae; head, antennae and legs armed with numerous long, slender

hairs; antennal III, 0.51 to 0.53 mm. long, and armed with 14 to 23

round sensoria; IV, 0.27 to 0.31 mm.; V, 0.21 to 0.25 mm.; VI,

0.11 + 0.45 mm.; prothoracic tubercles present; legs fairly long;

abdomen with three pairs of lateral tubercles; cornicles black, 0.6 to

0.7 mm. long, somewhat cylindrical but thicker toward base; cauda

black, elongate with constriction near base and armed with numerous

hairs; anal plate black, rounded.

A late vivipara. Head and thorax black, abdomen reddish brown

with white areas of waxy secretion; size 2.3 mm. long; rostrum

nearly reaching third coxae; antennae and legs armed with numerous

elongate, thin hairs; antennal III, 0.41 to 0.47 mm. long and armed

with 20 to 32 round sensoria; IV, 0.22 to 0.24 mm., with 0 to 3 sen-

soria; V, 0.21 to 0.23 mm.; VI, 0.1 + 0.37 to 0.1 + 0.4 mm.; pro-

thoracic tubercles well developed; wings large, with normal vena-

tion; legs moderately long; abdomen with three pairs of lateral

tubercles; cornicles black, 0.36 to 0.5 mm. long, slightly thickened

toward the base; cauda black, elongate, and armed with numerous

hairs; anal plate black, rounded.

A late male. Size 1.5 mm. long; rostrum reaching third coxae; body

in general resembles the alate viviparous forms, except in size;

antennae black; antennal III, 0.43 mm. long and armed with 35 to 40

round sensoria; IV, 0.27 mm., with 10 to 17 sensoria; V, 0.21 mm.,

with 4 to 13 secondary sensoria; VI, 0.1 + 0.36 mm.; prothoracic

tubercles well developed; wing venation normal; legs moderately

long and slender; cornicles black, 0.21 mm. long; cauda black, elon-

gate, tapering beyond the base, and armed with numerous hairs;

anal plate black, broadly rounded.

Described from one male collected in Smithfield Canyon on

August 24, 1925. This is early for the sexual forms of most

species to occur in Utah.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

Fig. 3. Chaitophoroid.es populifolice (Fitch). A, antenna of apter-

ous viviparous; B, antenna of alate viviparous; C and D, cornicle

and antenna of alate male; E, cauda of alate viviparous; F, cauda

of apterous viviparous; G, cauda of male; H, cornicle of alate;

I, cornicle of apterous viviparous.

Aphis chrysothamnicola 5 infrequens Knowlton, n. sp.

This greenish black aphid was collected ot Trenton, Utah

on June 16, 1927, on the leaves of the common sagebrush,

Artemisia trident at a.

Alate vivipara. Color black with green and black abdomen; size

1.5 mm. long and fairly broad; anterior margin of head rounded, with

antennal tubercles undeveloped; antennae dusky to black and slightly

shorter than body; antennal III, 0.3' mm. long and swollen through-

out the median half, which carries four round sensoria arranged in

a row; IV, 0.24 mm.; V, 0.21 mm.; VI, 0.13 + 0.21 mm., with the

filament slightly thicker toward distal end; prothorax with promi-

nent tubercles; wing venation regular, veins dusky with slightly

shaded borders; legs fairly short; cornicles black, 0.11 mm. long,

larger toward apex, with a well-developed flange; cauda black,

upturned, elongate, with a slight constriction near base; anal plate

black, rounded.

Aphis infrequens resembles Aphis hermistonii Wilson in

many respects. It differs from the latter species in having a

larger body, slight shading along the wing veins, longer antennal

segments, and having antennal III noticeably swollen through-

out its middle one-half.

Fig. 4. Aphis infrequens. A, antenna; B, wings; C, D, cornicles;

E, prothoracic tubercle, of alate viviparous.

Aphis pomi De Geer

This green apple aphis is very common in Utah, and often

does considerable damage. The writer has collected this species

from Farmington, Garland, Kanesville, Logan, Mendon, Provo,

River Heights, St. George, Salt Lake, Tremonton, and Trenton,

in Utah, and from Clifton, Idaho.

Anuraphis roseus Baker

This rosy apple aphis was rather abundant at Provo, Utah,

on June 13, 1923, and some damage was resulting to the apple

leaves. Usually this form is rather rare in Utah orchards.

5 Gillette, C. P., and Palmer, M. A. 1929. New Colorado Aphididse.

In Annals Elnt. Soc. America, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 5-7. In preparing this

paper the species was described as new, but after the manuscript was in

the hands of the printer, Prof. Palmer suggested that the species might

be only a variety of a form that Dr. Gillette and she then had in the

hands of the publisher, which apparently is the case.

July, 1929]

KNOWLTON APHID NOTES

Anuraphis persic^-niger (Smith)

During the summer of 1924 the writer collected this species

on peach trees in Utah from Perry and Provo.

Myzocallis discolor (Monell)

This smoky-winged aphis occurs rather commonly in Utah,

feeding upon the oak, Quercus gambellii and Q. utahensis.

Collections have been made at Bountiful, City Creek Canyon,

Devil’s Gate (in Weber Canyon), Farmington, Ogden, Parley’s

Canyon (elevation 7000 feet), Provo, Salt Lake City, Sugar

House, and Willard, in Utah.

A late vivipara. Size 1.2 to 1.83 mm. long; rostrum short, not

reaching second coxae; head triangular to pointed in front, antennae

slender, about as long as the body, pale, except distal ends of III,

IV, V, and most of VI, which are dusky, and armed with a few

short, bristle-like hairs; antennal III, 0.35 to 0.46 mm. long with

2 to 6 large round or oval sensoria on somewhat thicker basal por-

tion; IV, 0.23 to 0.31 mm.; V, 0.25 mm.; VI, 0.11 + 0.2 to 0.13 +

0.23 mm.; wings with normal venation, and with smoky areas cover-

ing part of the membrane and at distal ends of veins of forewing;

abdomen yellowish, with dusky areas on sides and dorsum; cornicles

dusky to pale, short, truncate 0.06 to 0.07 mm. long; cauda knobbed;

anal plate bi-lobed.

Apterous ovipara. Body covered with long capitate hairs; size 1.7

to 2.3 mm. long; rostrum short, barely reaching second coxae;

antennae armed with a few strong, capitate hairs; antennal III, 0.35

to 0.38 mm. long; IV, 0.24 to 0.27 mm.; V, 0.21 mm.; VI, 0.1 + 0.18

to 0.11 + 0.19 mm.; hind tibia swollen and covered with numerous

sensory areas; tip of abdomen very elongate.

Described from specimens collected at Bountiful, Devil’s

Gate, and Willard in Utah, September 14, 1925.

Alate male. Size 1.3 mm. long; antennae thicker than that of

females; antennal III, 0.5 mm. long, with 24 to 28 large sensoria;

IV, 0.33 mm. with 10 to 14 sensoria; V, 0.31 mm. with 5 to 8

secondary sensoria; VI, 0.15 4“ (?, broken off) with 2 to 4 sensoria

on basal portion; wings with dusky areas as in the winged female.

Described from specimen collected at Bountiful, Utah, Sep-

tember 14, 1925.

Fig. 5. Myzocallis discolor (Monell). A, antennal III; B, wings;

C, cauda; D, cornicle; E, anal plate; F, cornicle; G, hooks on anterior

margin of hind wing (much enlarged) ; H, head, all of alate vivi-

parous; I, head of apterous oviparous.

Amphorophora accidentalis Knowlton, n. sp.

This aphid was collected on the apical growth of sagebrush,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

Artemisia trident at a, near Dry Lake, Utah, on August 10, 1927.

The dark wing veins are its most conspicuous feature.

Alate vivipara. Size 1.5 mm. long; head with prominent antennal

tubercles; rostrum just reaching third coxae; head and antennae

armed with prominent, apically spear-shaped sensilla about as long

as thickness of antennal III; antennae dusky to base of III and black

beyond; antennal III, 0.66 mm. long, and armed with 24 to 37 small,

round sensoria; IV, 0.5 mm., with 12 to 15 sensoria; V, 0.42 mm.,

with 9 or 10 sensoria; VI, 0.09 + 0.53 mm.; wings with venation

normal, veins blackish brown, and with very slight dusky shading at

margins of veins on front wings; legs long; hind tibia 1.3 mm. long;

cornicles light to slightly dusky, 0.27 mm. long, smooth, and with a

prominent flange; cauda slightly dusky, elongate, blunt at end, with

4 or 5 lateral hairs on each side; anal plate dusky, broadly rounded.

This species is near Amphorophora pergandei Mason, but differs in

having shorter cornicles and antennal segments, and considerably

fewer sensoria on antennals III and IV. It differs from A. aridus

in having longer sensilla on head and antennae, fewer sensoria, and

smooth, thicker and shorter cornicles.

Fig. 6. Amphorophora accidentalis n. sp. A, cornicles; B, head;

C, cauda, of alate viviparous.

Amphorophora aridus Knowlton, n. sp.

This shiny green aphid was collected from the apical growth

of sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, at Amalga, Utah, on

May 12, 1928.

Alate vivipara. Size 1.65 mm. long; rostrum scarcely reaching

second coxae; head, prominent antennal tubercles and antennae armed

with a few short, apically enlarged sensilla; antennae longer than the

body and black beyond basal portion of III; antennal III, 0.6 mm.

long and armed with 17 round sensoria in a fairly regular row; IV,

0.36 mm. with 2 or 3' sensoria; V, 0.35 mm.; VI, 0.12 + 0.5 mm.;

lateral tubercles lacking; wings large, venation normal, veins slender

and blackish brown; legs long; hind tibia 1.3 mm. long, with tarsus

0.1 mm. long; cornicles lighter on basal portion, black beyond,

0.43 mm. long, surface imbricated, and with two or three rows of

closed reticulations before the flange; cauda green to slightly dusky,

long, with three hairs on each side and two on dorsal surface near

distal end; anal plate dusky, rounded.

This species differs from Amphorophora hrittenii Theobald

in having fewer sensoria on antennals III and IV and with

cornicles much less inflated. It differs from A. reticulata

Mason in having a longer cauda compared with length of

cornicles, and less reticulated areas on cornicles, and from

A. spircecola Patch in having sensoria on antennal IV.

July, 1929 ]

KNOWLTON APHID NOTES

Fl«. 7

Pi*. 5

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

The type slides are retained in the collection of the writer.

Fig. 7. Amphorophora aridus n. sp. A, antenna; B, cornicle;

C, head; D, cauda, of alate viviparous.

Acyrtosiphon pisi (Kaltenbach)

This green pea aphis was very abundant in Utah during the

summer of 1928 and did considerable damage to alfalfa in the

seed-growing areas of Millard County. Slight damage to field

and garden peas in northern Utah was also noted.

Work of the Pacific Oak Twig Girdler Conspicuous

IN THE YoSEMITE VALLEY

Many of the California black oaks ( Quercus kelloggii

New.) in the Yosemite Valley during August, 1929, were

spotted thickly with small patches of yellowing leaves. Exami-

nations indicated that this is the work of the Pacific oak twig

girdler, Agrilus angelicas Horn. In practically all cases the

flat oval scale-like shiny black egg was found on the bark near

the tip of last year’s growth, and the small white borer was

found in a spiral mine beneath the bark of the twig. Appar-

ently the beetles which produced the present infestation came

from the canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis Lieb. So far

as known, the insects which attack the black oak do not com-

plete their development, but die before the end of the first year.

Those that attack the live oak do complete their development

and furnish the beetles which carry on the species. — H. E.

Burke.

Note on Notoxus

While classifying the species of Notoxus in the collection

of the California Academy of Sciences it was noted that the

illustrations given in the Biologia Centrali Americana ( Coleop-

tera, Vol. IV, Ft. 2, Tab. 9, Figs. 21 and 21a) of calcaratus

Horn do not agree with the description of that species. In

calcaratus the horn is coarsely serrate and the crest carinate ;

this is not so in figs. 21 and 21a. Fig. 20a, of Notoxus hirsutus

Champ., agrees with Horn’s description of calcaratus. Evi-

dently a mistake has been made, either in drawing or in, the

position of the figure. — Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr.

July, 1929 ] timberlake — new metaphycus

A NEW SPECIES OF THE ENCYRTID GENUS

METAPHYCUS FROM WASHINGTON

(HYMENOPTERA)

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

The parasite described herewith was reared by Professor

Trevor Kincaid from Eulecanium coryli (Linn.) at Seattle,

Washington, and its work is thought to be the cause of the

practical extermination of this scale around Seattle.

Metaphycus kincaidi Timberlake, n. sp.

The female is similar to M. coquilletti (How.) from which

it differs in having the ocellar triangle equilateral, the fronto-

vertex rather less than twice as long as broad, the wings moder-

ately wide, with the cut-off portion of speculum separated

from the hairless streak of the posterior margin, the abdomen

piceous above instead of pale yellowish, the annuli of the tibise

broad and entire, the scape conspicuously white only at apex,

etc. The male is similar to M. maculipennis (Timb.) and

M. melanostomatus (Timb.). It differs from maculipennis

in having the tibiae annulated, the wings uniformly hyaline,

pubescence of mesonotum short and whitish, the antennae much

paler in color and less densely hairy, etc. From melanostomatus

(considered by Silvestri and Mercet to be the true punctipes

Dalman, but this is at least doubtful) it differs in having the

frontovertex no wider than long, the ocellar triangle equi-

lateral, the cheeks and malar region not almost entirely black,

the flagellum less densely hairy, etc.

Female. Head as long as wide, rather thick fronto-occipitally.

Frontovertex about one and three-fourths times longer than wide.

Ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair slightly

closer together than distance from either to anterior ocellus, and

nearly their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scrobes

rather deep, united above and separated below by the facial promi-

nence, which is as long as broad. Malar space about as long as

width of eyes. Scape, excluding radicle joint, one-third as wide as

long and widest slightly beyond the middle. Pedicel a little more

than twice as long as thick and a little exceeding the length of the

first two funicle joints combined. Funicle increasing gradually in

thickness distad, the first four joints subequal and about as long as

thick. The last two funicle joints much larger, the fifth somewhat

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

longer than wide and the sixth a little wider than long. Club broadly

oval, obliquely rounded at apex and slightly exceeding one-half the

funicle in length. Thorax twice as long as wide. Parapsidal lines

of mesoscutum distinct laterad but becoming very faint mesad.

Wings and venation normal, the discal setae fine, dense, and uniform.

Speculum slightly widened below, the cut off portion separated by

one row of setae from a very narrow, obscure branch of the basal

hairless streak on the posterior margin of wing. Legs and abdomen

normal, the ovipositor not protruded. Sculpture normal, the micro-

scopic granulation of mesonotum slightly coarser than in melano-

stomatus. Mesonotum with thin appressed whitish setae as in allied

species. Eyes with a fine short pubescence.

Frontovertex, face and cheeks very pale orange yellow (nearly

ochraceous buff, Ridgway). Line across oral margin of face and

a large spot anteriorly on the cheeks, piceous. Notum of thorax and

abdomen piceous, the mesonotum dull, slightly brownish, and with

the lateral margins of mesoscutum more or less shading into pale

yellowish. Collar of pronotum white with a fuscous dot at each end.

Tegulae white with a fuscous spot on outer margin. Under parts of

thorax, legs and venter toward base dusky creamy white, the meso-

pleura clouded with pale fuscous at the middle beneath. Apex of

last joint of tarsi, apex of front and hind femora, apex of front tibiae

and base and apex of middle tibiae narrowly piceous. Tibiae with two

rather broad oblique piceous annuli, obscure on the front pair. An-

tennae piceous, with the apex of scape, narrow line on dorsal margin

of scape, extreme base of scape proper, apical half of pedicel and

last three funicle joints, white, the fourth funicle joint, however,

more or less dark on outer side toward base. Apical margin of club

obscurely whitish. Wings hyaline, the venation yellowish.

Length of body, (1.10 to) 1.26; length of head, 0.419; width of

head, 0.424; width of frons at anterior ocellus, 0.146; length of

antenna, 0.770; length of scape, excluding radicle, 0.242; width of

scape, 0.087; width of mesoscutum, 0.487; length of fore wing, 1.48;

width of fore wing, 0.63 mm.

Male. Head about as broad as long, moderately thin fronto-

occipitally, subquadrate as seen in frontal view, with the sides gently

rounded, the cheek converging broadly toward the mouth and the

dorsal margin very slightly rounded. Malar space almost as long

as eyes. Occiput moderately concave, with the neck inserted very

slightly above the center. Eyes as seen in frontal view strongly

divergent below. Frontovertex about as long as wide, Ocelli in an

equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from

the eye margin and a little farther removed from the occipital

margin. Antennal sockets placed somewhat above the clypeal margin

and about the width of vertex apart. Scrobal impressions joined

above, shallow and broad. Prominence between antennae low, broad,

and angled above. Scape compressed, subfusiform, widest before

July, 1929] timberlake— new metaphycus

the middle, and slightly less than one-third as wide as long, exclud-

ing the radicle joint. Pedicel barely longer than wide and shorter

than the first funicle joint. Flagellum hardly increasing in thickness

distad and clothed with numerous outstanding hairs, which are about

as long as the thickness of the joints. Funicle joints 1, 2, and 5

somewhat longer than the others and about one-fourth to one-third

longer than thick, the others not or hardly longer than thick. Club

entire, conically tapering to the blunt apex and about as long as the

last two funicle joints combined. Maxillary palpi four-jointed, the

labial palpi two-jointed and extremely short. Mandibles with three

very short blunt teeth. Thorax about twice as long as wide. Parap-

sidal lines of mesoscutum obliterated. Scutellum as long as mesos-

cutum and rather strongly acute at apex. Wings and venation

normal, the discal setae short, uniform and rather dense. Speculum

hardly widened below, the cut-off portion separated from the main

portion and from the basal hairless streak on posterior margin of

wing by two lines of setae. Spur of middle tibiae as long as the basi-

tarsus. Middle tarsi hardly thicker than the hind pair. Mesonotum

with thin whitish rather inconspicuous short appressed setae. Eyes

virtually bare.

Head pale yellowish, with upper half of occiput piceous, the dark

area extending triangularly on to vertex as far as the anterior ocellus,

or sometimes entire vertex dark. Dark area also rather faintly and

narrowly extending along margin of cheeks and occiput to the

mouth, the cheeks on each side of mouth having a definite dark area

which extends narrowly across oral margin. Thorax above and

abdomen dull piceous, the lateral margins of mesoscutum sometimes

somewhat yellowish. Tegulse, except fuscous spot on outer margin,

and collar of pronotum, except fuscous dot at each end, white.

Under parts of thorax and legs dusky creamy white. Extreme tip

of front femora and tibiae, last joint of tarsi, and two obscure annuli

on middle and hind tibiae, fuscous. Antennae pale dusky yellowish,

the scape along dorsal margin and pedicel, except at apex, fuscous.

Wings hyaline, the venation dusky yellowish.

Length of body, (0.75 to) 0.91; width of mesoscutum, 0.288; length

of antenna, 0.771; length of scape, excluding radicle joint, 0.173;

width of scale, 0.055; length of fore wing, 1.03; width of fore wing,

0.452 mm.

Described from two females, three males (holotype $ , allo-

type, and paratypes), reared from Eulecanium coryii (Linn.),

Seattle, Washington, June, 1926 (T. Kincaid).

Types in United States National Museum.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 1

MR. WALTER M. GIFFARD— AN APPRECIATION

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

In the death of Mr. Walter M. Giffard, which occurred at

Honolulu, June 30, 1929, the California Academy of Sciences

has lost an active member and a true friend.

Born in England in 1856, he removed to the Hawaiian

Islands in 1875 when but nineteen years of age, where he has

since resided. He soon became connected with the Hawaiian

sugar interests at a time when they were rapidly developing.

His special interest in the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian

Sugar Planters Association began in 1903, when he took a

leading part in the organization of a department of entomology

and instigated an almost world-wide search for natural enemies

of the cane leafhopper by Mr. Albert Koebele and others. The

biological control measures applied to the sugar-cane industry,

then threatened with extinction in the islands, proved very

efficient and practically saved the industry. Mr. Giffard took

a large part in the organization of the very considerable and

efficient entomological activities on the islands, including the

quarantine regulations adopted by the Hawaiian Government

to prevent the introduction of additional pests. This associa-

tion with entomologists and entomological work on the islands

aroused Mr. Giffard’s interest in the insects themselves and

he built up a large collection of native Hawaiian insects, especi-

ally complete in certain groups of the Coleoptera, Hymenop-

tera, and Hemiptera. In his earlier work, that on genus

Odynerus in the Hymenoptera and Plagithmysus in the Coleop-

tera is perhaps best known. Probably his best work was done

later in the Homopterous family Fulgoridse, in the Delphacids

and Cixiids. In these two groups he made large collections,

both in the Hawaiian Islands and in California, publishing

the result in the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological

Society. In the Delphacids he collaborated with Mr. Frederick

Muir, making most of the genitalic mounts and drawings for

certain of their joint papers, both of which were beautifully

done and very accurate. He also made the drawings for a

joint paper on the Delphacid genus Pissonotus which it is

hoped may soon be published. Probably the best taxonomic

July, 1929 ] van duzee — giffard obituary

paper published by him was that on Hawaiian Cixiidse, pub-

lished in the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological

Society, Vol. VI, pp. 51-172, plates I- VIII, 1925.

Mr. Giffard was a life member and a Fellow of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences, a member of the Pacific Coast

Entomological Society, Fellow of the Entomological Society

of London, a member of the American Association of Eco-

nomic Entomologists, and a charter and life member of the

Entomological Society of America as well as of the Hawaiian

Entomological Society. He was also a Fellow of the American

Association for the Advancement of Science and a member

of the Biological Society of Washington. In California he

will perhaps be best known for the deep interest he took in

the welfare of the California Academy of Sciences. He was

instrumental in the securing by the Academy of the large

collection of insects made by the late Mr. Albert Koebele, pre-

sented to the Academy by Mrs. Koebele at Mr. Giffard’s sug-

gestion. Mr. Giffard also presented to the Academy of

Sciences interesting series of Hemiptera taken by him in Cali-

fornia, some characteristic Hawaiian Delphacids, and more

recently his entire collection of North American Delphacids.

Mr. Giffard was a true friend and a genial companion, and

his passing will be a real loss to all who had the good fortune

to know him.

A Rare Wasp From Oregon

In the valuable collection of Hymenoptera left to the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences by the late Charles L. Fox is one

pair of Odynerus margaretellus Rohwer (Proc. U. S. Nat’l

Mus., LXIV, 242, 1915), taken by Mr. Fox at Klamath Falls,

Oregon, May 10, 1924. This species is peculiar in its genus

in the bright red markings on the body and legs. The male

possesses the black central spot found in the type female. The

second sternite is without the black spot in both sexes. Mr.

Rohwer took the type in Colorado. — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

An annoying typographical error occurred in the April

number of The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. On page 167

the description of the type female of Triepeolus subnit ens was

designated as that of the male and in the next paragraph the

description of the male was designated as that of the female.

Again on page 169 the description of the female of Triepeolus

trichopygus was designated as the male, while the male in

the next paragraph is correctly designated. Subscribers are

requested to make these corrections in their copies.

Most of our local entomologists have returned from their

summer’s field work and all report excellent success. The

weather was cold and windy until about the eighth of June,

with a heavy fall of snow in the Sequoia National Park down

to the 7000-foot level. Butterflies and most Coleoptera were

very scarce in Owens Valley, but higher up in Mono County

and at Carson City, Nevada, and at Tahoe they were becoming

more abundant. Dr. Van Dyke found the development of

insect life in the Sequoia National Park about as that in Mono

County. In Nevada Dr. Blaisdell found conditions very dry

for insect life, but he brought home some interesting species.

Dr. A. S. Fawzy, Department of Plant Quarantine and

Control, Alexandria, Egypt, and Dr. and Mrs. Mortimer D.

Leonard of Cornell University, were welcome visitors at the

California Academy of Sciences about April 1. Other visi-

tors at the Department of Entomology were Mr. R. H. Beamer

and party and Dr. P. W. Lawson of the University of Kansas

and Dr. Otto Swezey of Honolulu.

Twelve new metal-covered cases have recently been added in

the Department of Entomology at the Academy. These will

hold 288 drawers of the standard size used by the Academy

(17 x 19 inches), a portion of which will have glass on both

top and bottom for the reception of the diurnal lepidoptera.

The remaining drawers will be used for the Coleoptera, Hemip-

tera, Diptera, and other insects as they are rearranged into the

unit boxes now being used by the Academy.

WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

College Avenue, Rochester, New York

We offer our best-made genuine Schmitt boxes, Exhibition

cases, Cabinets, Insect pins, Riker mounts, Insects and Insect

collections, and all other supplies essential for the pursuit of the

study of entomology. Send for free supply catalogue, No. 41.

Publisher’s charges for reprints from the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist :

2 pages; for 100 copies $5.50; for each additional 100, $1.25

4 pages; for 100 copies $7.50; for each additional 100, $2.50

8 pages; for 100 copies $10.50; for each additional 100, $4.00

16 pages; for 100 copies $20.00; for each additional 100, $6.50

These prices will be charged for author’s extras ordered

additional to those furnished free.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fall, Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the

Gulf of California in 1921. The Chrysomelidae. 15

cents.

Cole, A Study of the Terminal Abdominal Structures of Male

Diptera. 75 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., A Contribution to our Knowledge of the

North American Conopidae. 1927. 25 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., New Mycetophylidae Taken in California

and Alaska. 1928. 50 cents.

For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

“California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

California.”

Vol. VI

October, 1929

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

TIMBERLAKE, WESTERN SPECIES OF PERDITA 49

BLAISDELL, MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE COLEOPTERA, III 57

PICKENS, THE “COFFEE-POT” COCOON 63

LIGHT, NEW TERMITE RECORDS 67

VAN DUZEE, A NEW OLIARUS 72

HUNGERFORD, CONCERNING TWO GUERIN TYPES 73

TANNER, COLEOPTERA OF UTAH, CICINDELIDJE 78

GUNDER, A STATE BUTTERFLY FOR CALIFORNIA 88

VAN DUZEE, SOME HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY PROFESSOR COCKERELL IN THE

ORIENT 91

EDITORIAL 96

San Francisco, California

1929

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society . in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada; $2.25 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences,* Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for the

back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publica-

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Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

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REGIONAL MEMBERS

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E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San

Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

Ban Francisco. California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VI, No. 2

October, 1929

RECORDS OF WESTERN SPECIES OF PERDITA

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW

SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA)

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

No species of Penurgid bees of the genus Perdita have been

recorded from the Pacific Northwest except P. albipennis

Cresson from the State of Washington, and even albipennis

has been considered an adventive species that had followed the

sunflower in its western dispersion. It is interesting, therefore,

to note the occurrence of two species in Oregon and another

from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The Oregon spe-

cies were found east of the Cascades in a region where the

fauna is distinctly of a desert type much like that of Nevada.

Dr. Cockerell has recorded many species of bees from this

fauna even as far north as Pasco, Washington. The Vancouver

Perdita, however, belongs distinctly to another fauna that has

been developed in the more humid region of the Pacific Coast.

1. Perdita zebrata Cresson

Two females and one male, collected June 30, 1927, at Nixon,

Nevada (E. P. Van Duzee). These have the pale markings

bright yellow, but the male genitalia agree exactly with typical

zebrata from Colorado and New Mexico.

2. Perdita zonalis Cresson

Three females and five males, collected August 10, 1926, at

Sisters, Oregon; and one male, collected August 11, 1926,

at White Branch Meadow, Three Sisters, Oregon, 5675 feet

(H. A. Scullen).

These specimens I am unable to separate satisfactorily from

the little known P . zonalis Cress., although they may ultimately

prove to be separable when zonalis becomes better known. The

females agree well with the original description and with

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

Cockerell’s notes on one of the types, except that the first ter-

gite of abdomen has a continuous dark band across the middle

instead of a small black spot on each side. I had thought, after

reading what has been published about zonalis, that the wings

were colored as in P. zebrata Cress., that is, more or less milky

hyaline with very pale veins. Having recently seen the types

at Philadelphia I can affirm, however, that the wings are slightly

tinted with fuscous with the veins distinctly brownish.

The male, previously unknown, runs to P. zebrata Cress, in

Cockerell’s table (1896) and is easily distinguished from that

species by the darker wings and veins, the much evener band-

ing of abdomen and by having the hind femora yellow with

only a small dark spot above at apex.

Male. General form as in other species of the zebrata group.

Head not enlarged, somewhat wider than thorax, slightly wider than

long and well rounded on the sides and above. Cheeks narrow and

simple. Eyes about twice as long as wide, a little wider toward

lower end than above, and with the inner orbits very slightly con-

verging below. Clypeus moderately convex and projecting for about

one-half of its length in front of ocular line; the disk about one-half

wider than high, with its dorsal margin rather broadly transverse

between dog-ear plates; the lateral extensions short, very broad, well

indexed anteriorly and approximately one-half visible in frontal view

of head. Dog-ear plates about twice as long as wide and rather

acute at lower end. Supraclypeal plate as long as broad, slightly

narrowed above, where it ends between the antennal sockets in a

sharp declivity toward the frons. The declivity strongly tectiform

and somewhat carinate medially as it approaches surface of frons

on to which it intrudes only for a short distance. Frons with a dis-

tinct, impressed, shining, median line reaching to, or nearly to, tecti-

form declivity and becoming more evident close to the median

ocellus. Lateral plates of face rather strongly widened at lower end,

and opposite middle of dog-ear plates, each covering slightly less

than one-fourth the total width of face. Mandibles curved, tapering,

simple and acute at apex and reaching to far margin of labrum.

Abdomen oval, convex, about twice as long as broad and with the

apex moderately reflexed toward venter. Seventh tergite broadly

rounded at apex. Membrane of wings rather densely covered, espe-

cially in apical field, with very fine short setae. Stigma narrowly

lanceolate, a little shorter than first submarginal cell and emitting

radius distinctly beyond the middle. Marginal cell considerably

wider and somewhat shorter than stigma, with the apical truncation

more or less oblique and the poststigmatal and substigmatal parts

about equal. Second submarginal cell narrowed one-half to two-

October, 1929]

TIMBERLAKE PERDITA

thirds above. Recurrent veins interstitial with the intercubiti. Sub-

discoidal vein and second recurrent, except a short spur above,

obsolete. Claws rather large, strongly bent, cleft and with the inner

tooth a little thicker and considerably shorter than outer tooth.

Frons very finely granular tessellate, subopaque, with obscure,

minute, sparse punctures. Vertex similarly sculptured but a little

less dull and impunctate. Face below antennae smooth, shining and

sparsely and finely punctured. Cheeks tessellate, shining and rather

closely punctured except in a smooth strip along orbits. Thorax

polished and shining, but disk of propodeum distinctly tessellate.

Punctures of mesonotum fine and very sparse, and those of meso-

pleura similar and much closer. Abdomen with the usual micro-

scopic lineolate sculpture. Pubescence whitish and fine; dense and

moderately long on cheeks, similar but thinner on occiput, pleura and

sides of propodeum, and rather sparse and shorter on mesonotum

and face.

Head and thorax dark 'bluish green, with the frons and vertex

greener and the propodeum dark blue. Mandibles except reddish

tips, labrum, ancj face below antennas, except dog-ear plates, bright

yellow. Dog-ear plates black with a small yellow spot above, or

sometimes almost all yellow except around the margins. Lateral

marks of face obliquely truncate above about from the middle of

outer margin of antennal sockets to a point on orbits just below the

foveae. Cheeks narrowly margined with yellow anteriorly, on margin

of gular cavity for a short distance and along posterior orbits nearly

to middle of eyes. Prothorax mainly dark, but tubercles, and fre-

quently narrow anterior margin and a small spot at posterior corners

of notum, yellow. Thorax otherwise entirely dark. Abdomen bright

yellow, with the venter nearly or quite immaculate and the seventh

tergite rather brownish yellow. First tergite black, but often with

a small yellow spot on each side su'bapically that joins laterally with

a thin marginal yellow line running toward the base. Basal band on

second tergite, mostly covered by preceding segment but triangularly

enlarged on each side to cover the lateral foveae, a rather broad band

at juncture of tergites 2-3 to 5-6, and broad band on apical margin

of six piceous, or varying to brownish on apical segments. Dark

bands on tergites 2 to 4 slightly bulging anteriorly just before the

end on each side. Yellow intervals about as wide as the dark bands,

reaching to lateral margins but more or less constricted laterally

on tergites 2 to 4. More rarely the yellow interval on two is reduced

to a narrow basal band entirely enclosed and ending far from lateral

margins, and those on three and four at the same time more or less

nubilously cut off at lateral margins. Legs bright yellow, the front

and middle tarsi paler, a large blotch above and behind on front

and middle femora and tibiae, a spot at apex of hind femora above,

hind tibiae except beneath and hind tarsi, except under side of basi-

tarsus, brownish fuscous. Labio-maxillary structure piceous but the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

maxillary blades, maxillary palpi and the glossa more or less tes-

taceous. Antennae fuscous or dark brown, becoming paler toward

apex, the scape except a spot above at apex and pedicel beneath

bright yellow, and the flagellum rather broadly dull yellowish

beneath, except last joint which is nearly all brown. Tegulae hyaline

with a yellow spot at base. Wings hyaline but just perceptibly tinted

with fuscous; veins and margins of stigma rather pale brown, sub-

costa much darker and the stigma otherwise pallid.

Length about 4.25 to 5.0 mm.

3. Perdita oregonensis Timberlake, new species

Two males (holotype and paratype), collected August 10,

1926, at Sisters, Oregon (H. A. Scullen).

The male runs to couplet 42 in Cockerell’s table (1896), and

among other species since described that run to the same place,

it is very similar and closely allied to P. stottleri Ckll. It differs

from stottleri in having the head much wider (considerably

wider than long, but in stottleri about as wide as long), the

white pubescence of head and thorax somewhat longer, denser

and more conspicuous, the frons less densely sculptured and

more shining, the mesonotum less distinctly tessellate and more

shining, and in having one more dark band on abdomen. These

distinctions are rather weak, but there are also differences in

the genitalia which indicate two distinct species, although the

genitalia show that the two are very closely allied.

Male. General form of body as in other species of the zebrata

group. Head not enlarged, but wider than thorax, considerably

wider than long, well rounded on sides and gently rounded above.

Cheeks rather narrow and simple. Eyes about twice as long as

wide, broader toward lower end than above and having the inner

orbits very slightly converging below. Clypeus convex and only

slightly projecting beyond ocular line; the disk about one-half

broader than high, rather well rounded above but subtransverse

medially between dog-ear plates; the lateral extensions very broad

and well inflexed anteriorly but still visible in large part in frontal

view of head. Dog-ear plates about one-half longer than wide and

obliquely truncate at lower end. Supraclypeal plate about one-third

wider than high, extending upward between antennal sockets and

ending in a sharp declivity toward frons. This declivity extending

only a short distance on to frons and rather weakly tectiform.

Lateral plates of face somewhat widened at lower end and opposite

middle of dog-ear plates, each covering about one-fourth the total

width of face. Frons on dorsal half with a strongly impressed shin-

ing median line. Mandibles rather long, curved, tapering to simple

October, 1929]

TIM B ERL A KE PERDIT A

acute apex and reaching somewhat beyond far margin of labrum.

Antennae ordinary, the scape about twice as long as thick and the

middle joints of flagellum about as long as thick. Abdomen oval,

convex, about twice as long as wide, with the apex moderately

reflexed toward venter. Seventh tergite with a rather narrow

rounded apex. Membrane of wings rather densely covered in apical

field with fine weak setae. Stigma narrowly lanceolate, nearly as

long as first submarginal cell and emitting radius somewhat beyond

the middle. Marginal cell about as long as stigma, with the apical

truncation slightly oblique and the substigmatal and poststigmatal

parts about equal. Second submarginal cell narrowed about one-half

above. First and second recurrent veins either interstitial, or very

nearly so, with the intercubiti. Subdiscoidal and second recurrent

veins obsolete, except a short stub of the recurrent vein above and

a small section at its middle. Claws rather large, strongly bent and

cleft with the inner tooth about two-thirds as long as outer tooth.

Face 'below antennae smooth and obscurely punctured, the punc-

tures of clypeus very sparse. Frons strongly and finely tessellate,

moderately shining and rather closely and finely punctured. Cheeks

smooth and closely punctured except in a polished strip along the

orbits. Thorax polished and shining, but the propodeum rather deli-

cately tessellate. Mesoscutum and scutellum with fine, widely spaced

punctures, which become more numerous anteriorly on the scutum.

Mesopleura with numerous microscopic punctures. Abdomen shin-

ing and with the usual microscopic lineolate sculpture. Pubescence

white, rather abundant and conspicuous; long and rather dense on

cheeks, occiput, metanotum, pleura and sides of propodeum, and

somewhat shorter and considerably thinner on face and mesonotum.

Head and thorax very dark brassy green, becoming bluish on pro-

notum and propodeum and to a less extent on the pleura. Mandibles

except reddish tips, labrum, mark on cheeks anteriorly, and entire

face below level of antennae, except the usual clypeal dots, bright

yellow. Mark on cheeks rather large, broadening toward gular

cavity, and continued as a thin line along orbits not quite to middle

of eyes. Lateral marks of face extending along or'bits not quite to

level of frontal fovea? and obliquely truncate above to outer upper

margin of antennal sockets, but sometimes the truncation is broken

within by a rather wide extension of the green along the outer side

of the antennal sockets to the level of their lower margin. Pro-

thorax yellow with a rather broad bluish transverse band which

broadens medially to cover the posterior margin of pronotum except

at sides, and on each pleuron sends a slender subhyaline dark streak

to the tubercle. Abdomen yellow above and beneath, with a piceous

band at juncture of tergites 1-2 to 5-6. First tergite piceous with a

rather narrow subapical yellow band strongly interrupted medially.

The yellow and dark bands on following segments about equal in

width, the dark bands having very slight sublateral bulgings anteri-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

orly, especially on tergites 3 and 4, and the dark portion at base of

tergites 2 and 3 triangularly widened at ends. The dark bands also,

except the first, not quite reaching to lateral margins. Legs entirely

bright yellow except a fuscous streak on dorsal side of hind tibiae

and except that the last two or three joints of hind tarsi are slightly

infuscated. Antennae yellow, the scape and pedicel beneath con-

colorous with face, the flagellum beneath a little duller and more

brownish yellow. Pedicel and flagellum above fuscous but becom-

ing much paler toward apex. Basal half of labium on axillae and

first joint of labial palpi fuscous, the remaining parts of the labio-

maxillary structure yellowish. Tegulae whitish hyaline with a large

yellow spot at base. Wings slightly milky hyaline, the veins very

pale brownish yellow, with subcosta, margins of stigma and some-

times veins of marginal cell brown, the stigma otherwise pallid.

Length 4.0 mm.

Type in collection of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, Oregon.

4. Perdita crotonis Cockerell

Three females, Santa Fe, New Mexico, July 22, 1926

(E. C. Van Dyke), in collection of the California Academy

of Sciences.

5. Perdita nigricollis Timberlake, new species

One female (holotype), Victoria, British Columbia, June 29,

1920 (E. C. Van Dyke).

This runs in Cockerell's table (1896) to P. affinis Cress.,

var. (couplet eighty), but is not closely allied to that species.

It differs from P. affinis in the shining black disk of meso-

notum, spiniform antero-lateral angles of disk of clypeus, head

considerably broader than long, etc. It belongs to the group

of P. calif ornica Cress., and is most similar to another new

species from San Diego, California.

Female. General form ordinary. Head considerably wider than

long, gently rounded on side and subtransverse above. Cheeks

moderately broad. Face below antennae gently convex. Clypeus

projecting moderately in front of ocular line; the disk about one-

half broader than high, moderately broadly truncate above between

dog-ear plates and with the anterolateral angles strongly spiniform;

the lateral extensions very broad, triangularly tapering toward base

of mandibles, well inflexed along anterior margin, yet visible to a

large degree in frontal view of head. Dog-ear plates hardly longer

than wide. Lateral plates of face slightly widened at lower end, and

opposite the middle of dog-ear plates, each covering slightly more

than one-fourth the total width of face. Prominence between

October, 1929]

TI M B ERLA KE PERDIT A

antennas rather high and sharply tectiform, with the ridge extending

well on to frons and continuous above with a fine impressed median

line to anterior ocellus. Frontal foveas elongate, separated from eye

margins by a space nearly equal to their own width, and extending

below almost to level of lower margin of antennal sockets. Mandi-

bles moderately stout, gently curved, blunt at apex and reaching

to far margin of labrum. (In the type the mandibles are closed so

that the inner tooth if present is not visible.) Antennas ordinary,

with the middle joints of flagellum as long as wide. Abdomen oval,

about twice as long as wide and gently convex above. Pygidium

very narrow and acute at apex. Membrane of wings in apical field

with dense but extremely fine and short setae. Stigma nearly as

long as first submarginal cell, moderately narrow and emitting radius

slightly beyond the middle. Marginal cell as long as stigma, with

the substigmatal and poststigmatal parts about equal and the apical

truncation strongly oblique and about two-thirds as long as the

metacarpus. Second submarginal cell very broad below, narrowed

about two-thirds above, and receiving the recurrent veins a short

distance respectively from base and apex, or the first recurrent may

be interstitial. Claws tapering from the thickened base, gently

curved, simple and very acute at apex.

Frons and vertex strongly tessellate and rather dull, the frons

with rather close fine punctures becoming much sparser above, and

the vertex behind ocelli with rather numerous fine shallow punctures,

which in some aspects appear elongate and sulcate. Cheeks polished,

rather closely and very finely punctured, except in a narrow strip

along the orbits. Face below antennae smooth and with sparse, com-

paratively coarse punctures. Anterior part of mesoscutum finely

tessellate and with numerous shallow sulcate punctures. Remainder

of mesonotum polished and very sparsely atid finely punctured.

Thorax otherwise finely tessellate, the mesopleura with rather close

fine punctures. Abdomen microscopically lineolato-tessellate and

shining. Pubescence short, whitish and mostly erect; moderately

dense on cheeks, occiput, punctured part of frons, rather sparser on

mesopleura, sparse on face below antenna and on mesonotum, the

disk of latter being nearly bare, but dense and subappressed on

mesosternum. Scopa of hind tibia sparse and moderately long, the

hairs on anterior side of tibia somewhat longer and curved.

Head and thorax very dark green, the propodeum bluish, the

mesoscutum, except anteriorly, scutellum and metanotum black.

Mandibles except reddish piceous tips, most of clypeus, lateral and

supraclypeal marks pale yellow. Labrum, anterior margin of cly-

peus, and two somewhat curved submedian vitta on disk of clypeus,

continuous with dark anterior margin but not quite reaching to

dorsal margin, piceous. Lateral face marks large, about as broad

as high, strongly rounded toward clypeus and extending along orbits

to lower end of frontal fovea. Supraclypeal mark strongly trans-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

verse. Dog-ear plates and prominence between antennae black.

Thorax entirely dark except the pale yellow tubercles. Abdomen

piceous, the first tergite with a very slight metallic green luster.

Tergites one to five each with a marginal yellow spot on each side,

the spots very small on one, two and five, subapical on one, contigu-

ous to posterior end of lateral foveas on two, and nearly concealed

by preceding segment on five, those on three and four much larger

but separated by one-half the width of segment and composed of a

quadrate portion on the lateral margin at middle of segment and

a lobe from inner half of anterior margin of quadrate portion, that

projects obliquely forward and mesad to base of segment and is also

somewhat curved. Pygidium brownish piceous. Venter entirely dark

except the whitish hyaline margins of segments. Legs piceous, a

spot at apex of front and middle femora anteriorly, front tibiae anteri-

orly, and a streak on anterior side of middle tibiae yellow, the front

tarsi pale brown, and the middle tarsi brownish at apex. Labio-

maxillary structure piceous. Antennas piceous, the apical joint

brownish and the flagellum dull brownish yellow beneath. Tegulas

testaceous, subhyaline with a yellow spot at base anteriorly. Wings

hyaline, slightly tinted with fuscous, the veins and margins of stigma

fuscous, the subcosta piceous, and the stigma otherwise pale.

Length about 5.0 mm.

Type female, No. 2615, Museum California Academy of

Sciences. a ^ n

6. Perdita albipennis Cresson

Three females, collected July 23, 1924, at Mesa, Arizona

(E. P. Van Duzee).

A State Butterfly

On another page Mr. Gunder tells us of the selection of a

state butterfly for California. The motive leading to the selec-

tion of a state butterfly was the hope that it may help to arouse

a more general interest in the study of entomology and thus to

place this branch of zoology on a par with certain of the more

popular branches such as ornithology and botany. Butterflies

are the most beautiful and showy of all insects. They make

the strongest appeal to the general public and undoubtedly are

most suitable for arousing an interest in, and attracting the

attention of the public to the work being done by our entomolo-

gists for the public welfare, work that is of the highest impor-

tance to the human race but that has only begun to receive

the attention it deserves. Any little gesture such as the selec-

tion of a state butterfly, insofar as it serves to attract the

interest of the public, is well worth while. — E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1929] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE COLEOPTERA,

NUMBER THREE

BY DR. FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School, San Francisco, California

Genus Notoxus

Several years ago Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke submitted to the

writer a small series of a species of Notoxus, collected in Inyo

County, California. A casual examination indicated that it was

an undescribed species. Having been recently arranging and

identifying the species in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, I take the opportunity to describe this

new species and to make comparisons with other well-known

species.

Notoxus vandykei Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form slightly robust, about two and a third times longer than

wide, moderately shining, prothorax notably so. Color more or less

piceous; prothorax rufo-piceous beneath, disk nigro-piceous, paler

at base and along median third and crest; horn slightly darker, head

piceous; palpi and legs rufo-testaceous, femora more or less suffused

with piceous; meso- and metasternal regions and abdomen more or

less nigropiceous. Elytra rufo-testaceous with a large subquadrate

basal scutellar spot, a transverse fascia at apical third which extends

rather widely along the suture nearly to the basal spot, gradually

and slightly widening anteriorly, lateral transverse and anteriorly

lobed spots at about basal third that may attain the lateral margin

and the middle of each elytron, black; the black sutural area may

be abbreviated or there may be a coalescence between the lateral,

sutural and basal spots.

Pubescence pale and somewhat yellowish, brownish to black on

the dark areas; recumbent, abundant and moderately fine; on the

elytra intermixed with very sparse and nearly erect pale and longer

hairs, most noticeable when viewed from the side; on the prothorax

the hairs are softer, more or less recumbent, and with scattered long,

erect bristling pale hairs; on the disk the erect setae are blackish, on

lateral thirds short, arcuately curved black setae are observed; on

the head the hairs are longer, notably so on the tempora and above

the eyes. On the under surface of body the hairs are moderate in

length and finer, recumbent and ashy in color.

Head longer than wide and about four-fifths as wide as the pro-

thorax, truncate at base, tempora as long as the eyes, moderately and

arcuately convergent to the distinct and obtuse basal angles; front

flat between the eyes, sides finely margined, surface closely but not

coarsely punctate, punctures separated by a distance equal to one

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

or two times their diameter, some coalescence is observed; vertex

moderately convex, smooth, punctures slightly larger and more

widely separated. Eyes rather large, somewhat coarsely faceted,

facets individually convex, short interstitial setae are present; vertical

diameter slightly longer than the longitudinal, posterior margin less

arcuate. Antennae moderately slender, long, attaining about the basal

fourth of the elytra, feebly incrassate in distal half, joints 2 and 4

equal in length, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 quite equal in length.

Prothorax wider than long not including the horn, quite globular;

sides strongly arcuate, widest at middle, noticeably convergent toward

base and somewhat broadly and slightly sinuate, there obscured by

the well-developed latero-basal fimbriae; basal bead coarse, giving

some prominence to the basal angles; basal impressed area narrow

at middle broadening laterally; discal basal lobe quite sharply and

arcuately defined by the impression; surface polished between the

sparsely placed and small punctures which are separated by a dis-

tance equal to two to four times their diameter; pubescence trans-

versely directed from each side, meeting in the median line and there

more or less backwardly directed; horn moderate in width, rather

coarsely crenate, except at apex, three or four crenures each side,

scarcely constricted and parallel at base, surface and side of crest

with asperities; crest well defined by a raised dentellate margin,

the latter best seen from the side, slightly narrowed at apex, surface

with small discrete asperities, about two-thirds as long as the horn;

margin of the crest and crenate border of the horn, black, the latter

very moderately reflexed. Scutellum small and triangular.

Elytra a little more than twice the total length of the prothorax

and distinctly wider at base, not strongly convex on the dorsum,

markedly so laterally, slightly impressed within the feebly marked

humeral umbones; humeri well exposed and quite broadly rounded;

sides nearly parallel, slightly divergent posteriorly and feebly arcuate,

gradually and arcuately convergent to apex in apical third, apices

truncate, truncature very feebly oblique toward the obtusely rounded

sutural angles and limited laterally by a small subdentiform salient;

surface moderately finely punctate, punctures rather evenly dis-

tributed, smaller apically, separated by a distance equal to three or

four times their diameter.

Body finely punctate beneath, quite densely so on the abdomen.

Legs moderately long.

Male. Elytral apex truncate; last ventral segment feebly arcu-

ately emarginate at middle of apex, adjacent surface somewhat

impressed. Anterior tibiae mutic. Female unknown.

Measurements (types): Length, 3.8 mm.; width, 1.4 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2616, and seven paratypes, all males, in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Little Cottonwood Creek, Inyo County,

October, 1929] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

California. Collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke on July 16, 1908,

at an elevation of 8000 feet. I take pleasure in naming the

species after the discoverer.

For the present vandykei may follow anchora Hentz in the

list of species. The figures given below are to show five types

of modification of the elytral apices of the male and the pattern

of maculation in each species. The following remarks apply

to the males :

In vandykei (fig. B) the elytral apices are truncate and

slightly oblique. The pattern of maculation is similar to that

of anchora ; the punctuation is much finer than in that species

and sparsely placed erect hairs are distributed over the upper

surface. The prothorax is quite globular and its surface is

smooth and shining, color more or less piceous.

In anchora Hentz (fig. A) the elytral apices are given as

being obliquely truncate by Dr. George Horn. The thoracic

horn is but slightly wider than the crest, the latter feebly

elevated and not very distinctly margined, very poorly defined

at apex; the elytral punctuation is moderately coarse and the

pronotal surface is rather finely asperate and dull in luster.

The recumbent pubescence is intermixed with erect pale hairs,

best seen when viewed from the side.

Nuperoides Fall (fig. C) is more elongate and parallel, the

elytral pattern of maculation is precisely that of nuperus Horn

(Fall). The upper surface is sparsely clothed with long, nearly

erect, pale hairs and the recumbent pubescence is denser and

finer. The head and prothorax are rufo-testaceous. The

sutural angles of the elytra are separately rounded and just

perceptibly produced, with a feeble external sinuation.

In nuperus Horn (fig. D) the elytral apices are separately

rounded at apex, pubescence devoid of erect hairs ; the last

ventral of the male presents a large deep fovea.

Calcar atus Horn (fig. E) has the anterior tibiae armed with

a tooth that is best observed when viewed from the outer side.

The prothoracic horn is broad and the margin crenate ; the crest

has a short median carina. An examination of the figures with

a hand lens will prove helpful in recognizing the characters in

part mentioned above.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

Detailed camera lucida drawings of: (A), Notoxus anchora Hentz;

(B), Notoxus vandykei, n. sp.; (C), Notoxus nuperoides Fall; (D),

Notoxus nuperus Horn; (E), Notoxus calcaratus Horn. The head

of each species is shown in the position it happened to be in at the

time of making the drawings. Figures D and E are camera lucida *

outline drawings.

Genus Diaperis

From other genera of the Tenebrionid Tribe Diaperini the

genus Diaperis is characterized by the broadly oval and strongly

convex form of body, covered pygidium, emarginate eyes, with

the first joint of the metatarsi not longer than the second.

Elytra orange-red and maculate.

Diaperis californica Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form narrower, less robust with sides less arcuate, besides being

noticeably more parallel than in maculata Oliv., maculation similar

except that the posthumeral elongate black spot is absent or occa-

sionally represented by an obsolescent dark cloud.

In the male the form is more parallel, the antennae less robust,

dilated joints slightly shorter; the pronotal apical margin is arcuate

at middle and not modified, the epistoma is more convex, somewhat

concentrically punctured and coarsely punctate at center, but not

bituberculate at middle; the front, between the eyes, is broadly and

more deeply impressed and rather more strongly punctate on the

vertex than in the opposite sex.

The form in the female is slightly more robust and a little more

arcuate at the sides; the dilated antennal joints somewhat longer and

appear stouter; the eyes are larger and the front is less deeply

impressed. Pronotal apical margin arcuate and simple as usual.

Measurements (types): 5-5.8 mm.; width, 3-3.2 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2617, and allotype, female, No. 2618,

and six paratypes in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences, one in the collection of H. C. Fall, Tyngsboro,

October, 1929] blaisdell — studies in coleoptera

Massachusetts. The species should follow floridana Blatch. in

our lists.

Type locality : Davis Meadow, near Railroad Flat, Cala-

veras County, California. Collected on July 8 at an elevation

of 2800 feet, taken from a large fungus on a dead white oak.

Nine specimens studied.

Distribution. Besides the type locality, specimens have been

taken at Chiquito Creek, Madera County, California, by Henry

Dietrich of Lucedale, Mississippi ; Placer County California,

by E. C. Van Dyke. All collected in California.

The following synoptic statement may be given at the present

time :

Mesepimera very sparsely punctate; elytra bifascia te; pro-

thoracic apical margin arcuate and entire at middle, adjacent

discal surface feebly and rather broadly impressed in median

line; second antennal joint distinctly constricted in basal half,

apical portion slightly swollen; prosternal process subhori-

zontal and submucronate at apex. Europe boleti Linn.

Mesepimera densely punctate 1

1. Prothoracic apical margin emarginate at middle and impressed

on the discal surface at that point in the male 2

Prothoracic apical margin entire and arcuate at middle in both

sexes; prosternal process arcuate 3

2. Elytra maculate, an elongate black spot behind the humeri,

large macule at apical third not uniting with sutural black

stripe; epistoma feebly bituberculate at middle in the male.

Eastern United States and Mexico. (Syn. hydractina Fab.,

suturalis Chev. and hydni Fab.) maculata Oliv.

Elytra fasciate across apical third, posthumeral elongate black

spot absent. Florida floridana Blatch.

3. Elytra bifasciate; strial punctures of elytra coarse and strong;

second antennal joint feebly constricted in basal half, slightly

swollen apically; pronotal disk at apex behind margin very

feebly and broadly impressed on median line in the male.

Lower California, Southeastern California, Arizona

rufipes Horn.

Elytra maculate as in maculata, posthumeral elongate black

spot absent or obsolescent; form less robust and more par-

allel; second antennal joint almost evenly obconical; pronotal

disk not visibly impressed on the median line in the male.

Central California californica n. sp.

The degree of rufous coloration of the head and appendages

is very variable and often there is a reddish tinge to the pro-

notal disk. The European species boleti Linn, has been intro-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

duced for comparison and contrast, as specimens at hand have

the genital organs protruded which serve as a criterion for the

comparative determination of the secondary characters that are

not well marked in the American species, least in calif ornica.

Note on Genus Clastoptera

Volume XVIII, Number 1, of the University of Kansas

Science Bulletin contains a monographic paper on the Homop-

terous genus Clastoptera by Miss K. C. Doering. In this paper

she recognizes thirty distinct species and five varieties. I have

not yet had an opportunity to make any adequate test of this

work, but my first impression is that she has made too many

species, as some of her new forms are certainly very close to

others. She has recognized no subspecies and undoubtedly fur-

ther studies will show that many of her so-called new species

are really subspecies of others. On the other hand, some of her

recognized varieties seem to be true subspecies or geographic

races. A subspecies occupies either a distinct geographical or

a distinct ecological area and, never exists independently in

company with the parent species. A variety is merely a color

phase or a mendelian unit that may develop within any brood

of the parent species. Where a ‘‘variety” persists independently

in company with the parent species but does not mix, it

undoubtedly should be placed as a distinct species.

I cannot subscribe to the custom, now quite prevalent in this

country, of placing a species as a “variety” of itself, as we see

in this paper by Miss Doering. “Clastoptera obtusa var. obtusa ,}

and “Clastoptera proteus var. proteus JJ are examples. The

forms so placed are not varieties at all but they are the type

species. A variety is a variation from the normal of the species

and the type form cannot be a variation of itself. The case

is decidedly different when we divide a species up into sub-

species the typical form of which must bear the name of the

species. In this case we use trinomials, repeating the name of

the species for the typical form. It is a disputed question

whether we should give names to mendelian or color forms that

may crop out in any brood. Seasonal races seem to stand with

geographical races, and for those a trinomial is convenient. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1929] pickens — “ coffee-pot” cocoon

THE “COFFEE-POT” COCOON AND THE INSECT

THAT MAKES IT

BY A. L. PICKENS

Because of the neatly hinged lid and the spout-like protuber-

ance in front, the cocoon of Megalopyge crispata, or Lagao

crispata as it is sometimes called, has won, among inhabitants

of the Carolina foothills, the name of “Coffee-pot.” These are

found chiefly on, or in close proximity to, oak trees, especially

on the twigs of the narrow-leafed water oak, which on account

of rapid growth is much used for shades on lawns and streets

in the southern hill towns. Popular knowledge of the species

and its allies, however, extends no further than a bare acquaint-

ance with the cocoons.

Investigations extending over a period of years, chiefly in

the upper and middle regions of the Savannah River Valley,

brought to me opportunity to observe eggs, larvae, and adults

of the “Coffee-pot” maker.

The caterpillar is very woolly, with the hairs on the sides of

the body a dull gray, while a scalloped crest along the mid-

dorsal line is of a rich brown shade. Just below the middle of

the crest, on each side of the caterpillar’s body, is a series of

three white tufts of hair contrasting with the surrounding gray,

while the rear of the body terminates in a tassel-like tail of

brown hair. If the hair of the body be parted, a surprisingly

smooth and light-colored skin is visible.

When the larva is irritated it draws up into a knot, some-

what like a hedgehog, tucking the head back under the ventral

regions, and sticking the tail out in a very conspicuous manner,

as shown in the sketch at No. 3. In addition to this protective

action it resorts to the offensive by emitting a very strong and

unpleasant odor, resembling that of the shucks of Indian corn

that have been piled on damp earth until decay has set in. They

are apparently very well formed for concealment, and are much

harder to find than are the cocoons which contain them later.

These cocoons are found sometimes on planks, beams or other

timbers on the outside of buildings, again on the trunks of

broad-leaved oaks, or even blackberry vines but, as previously

indicated, are most successfully sought on the twigs of the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

water oak. Different individuals build the pupating chamber

in different positions. Some are placed vertically with the lid

at the top ; some are fastened against a wall horizontally with

the spout and lid in horizontal relations; others, placed on the

lower side of twigs, swing down at an angle, the lid nearer the

ground below the levels of the spout and the base.

The cocoon is constructed in the autumn, at the time when

many other larvae of moths are preparing for the winter pupa-

tion period. First, without shedding the thick growth of hair,

the insect covers its whole body with a spindle-shaped cocoon

of silk so thin that the body within is plainly visible, with the

skin revealed through the tightly compressed bunches of hair,

for so close-fitting is this covering that one wonders how the

insect manages to shape the remarkable parts of its habitation.

For several days the work goes on, the covering still soft and

yielding to the touch, and when disturbed the insect within still

emits the offensive sour shuck-like odor. Gradually the walls

become thicker, and the restricted space within is still further

limited by the larva cutting off each end of the silken spindle.

A sagittal section of the cocoon at this period would resemble

an elongated capital D cut off at the top by a straight line, and

at the bottom by a thin half -crescent. Gradually a peculiar

wrinkle begins to show at the middle of the cocoon. As the

work goes on we catch sight of part of the hair from the body

of the larva sticking up here, and at last the wrinkle becomes

so elevated and elaborated that we have a reasonable imitation

of a bud, evidently developed for deceiving such birds as pene-

trate into smooth and conspicuous cocoons for the sake of the

pupating insects inside. It is probable that the scalloped crest

of the larva is of value in pressing and moulding this part of

the pupal chamber into form, and a part of the woolly coat is

evidently crammed into it from within. The walls have now

grown so thick that the inmate can no longer be seen; but

inside, judging from cocoons that have been opened, most of

the hair has been discarded, though now and then an indi-

vidual may cling for some time to its woolly covering, prob-

ably to tuck it and the cast skin, later, into the bottom of the

cocoon on assuming the pupal form. About two weeks’ time

is required to complete the habitation. The door at the upper

October, 1929] pickens — “coffee-pot” cocoon

part of the cocoon is the most remarkable part of the whole

structure. It is a partial disk, made up apparently of several

layers of silk with the curved edge as smoothly cut as if done

with a cobbler’s knife, the whole so hinged at the back that

it can be opened and closed repeatedly without coming off,

although the inmate makes use of the hinge but once in its life !

What is more, this structure, so distinctly apart from the rest

of the cocoon, is made along with the cocoon and sealed to it

all about the edges until the time, perhaps as late as the follow-

ing June, comes for the moth to emerge. Then the glue-like

seal is loosened about the curved edge of the lid, the insect

inside pushes against the door which swings outward. Another

push, and the head of the moth, still covered with the pupal

skin, is partially out. The struggle continues until the pupal

covering is quite outside, whereupon the adult wriggles out of

the dried skin, the rear part of which is caught by the door

that, with a great deal of springiness, attempts to snap back

into position once the pressure from the inside is withdrawn.

Thus the lid, in addition to being a door-shutter is also some-

thing of an automatic undresser, and helps strip off the pupal

covering, so permitting the moth to go on its way unimpeded.

If not already blown away by the wind the loose silk at each

end is eventually so disposed of, leaving the cocoons as usually

found.

The adult is not an attractive moth; there is little of the

beautiful, and less of the conspicuous in its make-up. It is

dark-tinged, with brown and heavily shaded cream blending

modestly in its markings, and near the fore part of the wings

the long furry scales are crinkled and waved into a graceful

series of convolutions that drop off all too easily, leaving the

insect ragged and drabbled in appearance. It possesses, let it

be remarked in passing, what has been designated in Kellog’s

“American Insects” as true hair, that is, scales so elongated

and fine as to have passed from the scale stage into that of

hair. This may account for the gracefully waved covering of

the fore part of the wings. Whether or not it is an instinctive

plan of the insect to warm and protect its eggs, I cannot say,

but in my experiments I have found the eggs deposited in a

mass, with the hair-like scales placed carefully about them as

66 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

if to form a rude nest. It is possible that these, carefully placed

as a first impression might make them seem, were not the result

of an unusually gentle maternal instinct, but of accidental pull-

ing off during the process of attaching the eggs with the gluey

secretion that held them in place. Unfortunately, however, I

have not seen this, an important stage in the life cycle of the

insect, except after actual deposit by the mother, and cannot

speak with sufficient authority as to the care bestowed on

the eggs.

A Correction

In The Pan Pacific Entomologist of July, 1929, p. 22,

I gave the type locality of Blapstinus falli as Naples, Santa

Barbara County, California. I have been informed by Prof.

H. C. Fall and Mr. J. O. Martin that it should have been

Naples, Los Angeles County, California. This latter locality

is near and south of Long Beach. Regarding the former,

Naples, Santa Barbara County, is the second railroad station

north of Santa Barbara. The duplication of names is the cause

of the error, as the county was not given on the locality label. —

Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr.

October, 1929] light — termite records 67

NEW TERMITE RECORDS FOR LOWER

CALIFORNIA

BY S. F. LIGHT

Banks and Snyder, in their '“Revision of Nearctic Termites”

(1920), mention but two termites from Lower California,

Kalotermes hubbardi Banks (Cape San Lucas) and Kalotermes

occidentis Walker (Angel de la Guardia Island and Cape San

Lucas) .

Through the kindness of Professor J. Grinnell, director of

the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of Cali-

fornia, and Mr. Chester C. Lamb, collector of the Museum,

I have received for study three lots of termites collected by

Mr. Lamb during the years 1926-1928.

These collections, small as they are, have added very mate-

rially to our knowledge of termite distribution, extending the

known southern range of several species by many hundreds of

miles, and serve to give some earnest of the interesting finds

awaiting the termite collector in this region. I give below a

list of the six species contained in these collections with locali-

ties, dates of collection and location of colonies, and, following

the list, a discussion of the known range of each species.

1. Termopsis nevadensis Hagen. June 19, 1926, Valle-

citos, San Pedro Martir Mountains (about 150 miles

south of the border), 7500 feet, in rotten stump of

Jeffrey Pine, all castes.

2. Kalotermes occidentis Walker. June 1, 1927, Santo

Domingo Landing (on west coast about 400 miles

south of the border), in Yucca, nymphs only; De-

cember 1928, La Paz (on east coast about 150 miles

from tip of peninsula), from a Palo Verde stump,

soldiers and nymphs.

3. Kalotermes minor Hagen. May 26, 1926, El Cajon

Canyon, east base of San Pedro Martir Mountains

(about 150 miles south of border), 3200 feet, “in

partially dead willow stump,” all castes ; same local-

ity and date, “in limb of willow,” soldiers and

nymphs.

4. Kalotermes hubbardi Banks. October 16, 1928, Todos

68 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

Santos (on west coast about 60 miles from tip of

peninsula), two dealates, “crawling on work table

at night.”

5. Neotermes simplicicornis Banks, April 5, 1926, San

Felipe Bay (130 miles south of Mexicali), “in dead

mesquite stump,” soldiers and nymphs.

6. Reticulitermes tibialis Banks. December 6, 1928, El

Sauce, Victoria Mountains (at tip of peninsula),

4000 feet, in fallen oak limb, soldiers and workers.

It will be noted that we have here, as representatives of the

termite fauna of Lower California, six species all of which

occur in the nearctic region, several of which range into

northern California, one as far north as Vancouver Island and

another into Montana, and that no tropical species have been

collected so far.

Termopsis nevadensis Hagen

The two coast species of Termopsis, T. angusticollis Hagen

and T. nevadensis Hagen, have been distinguished (Banks and

Snyder, 1920) on the basis of size and color difference between

the alates. Color differences fail in incompletely pigmented

individuals from nest series. Size differences, therefore, have

been largely depended upon for diagnosing the two species.

Study of large series shows that the size range for T. an gust i-

collis must be revised downward and that for T. nevadensis

upward, and hence many earlier determinations are in doubt.

The alates collected by Mr. Lamb have been somewhat of a

puzzle, lacking the dark pigmentation characteristic of T. neva-

densis and ranging in size as they do into the lower limits for

T. angusticollis. Unpublished studies by Mr. G. B. Castle and

Miss Ethel Craig seem to present satisfactory criteria for differ-

entiating the soldiers and the numphs of these two species. On

the basis, therefore, of head shape and other characters of the

alates and of the characters of the single soldier included in

the collection and the characters of the nymphs, I feel justified

in diagnosing this collection as T. nevadensis.

Previous to this report, Los Angeles stood as the southern-

most reported locality for T. angusticollis and Monterey for

T. nevadensis. Recent collections made by Mr. G. Edward

October, 1929] light — termite records

Chase of San Diego have shown T. angusticollis to occur near

sea level at San Diego, and collections by the Termite Investi-

gations Committee show it to occur in the southern mountain

ranges. With its northernmost limits in British Columbia, and

its present known southern limit in San Diego, this species has

a known north and south range of at least 1150 miles. Mon-

terey was the southernmost collection point for T. nevadensis

until this collection of Mr. Lamb’s pushed its range limits 400

miles to the south, giving it a north and south range of about

1250 miles from Vancouver Island in the north to the San

Pedro Martir Mountains of Lower California in the south.

Kalotermes occidentis Walker

Kalotermes occidentis Walker is a remarkable species, much

larger than any other species of the genus Kalotermes, to which

it has been reassigned by Banks (1920). The soldiers all have

remarkably well-developed wing pads, and on this basis Holm-

gren (1911) placed it in a new genus Pterotermes. The nymphs

also differ in the possession of small but pigmented compound

eyes from an early stage. Furthermore, unpublished studies

by Mr. W. W. Lewis, made possible by material collected by

Mr. Lamb, show that one of the Protozoa of its intestinal

fauna belongs to a genus which has not yet been found in a

species of Kalotermes s. st., but is found in the species of the

genus Cryptotermes. For these reasons it seems possible that

a careful study of its morphology may show it not to belong

to Kalotermes s. st.

This very interesting species was reported by Banks and

Snyder (1920) from Sabino Canyon, the Coyote Mountains

and the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona, from Angel de la

Guardia Island in the Gulf of California and from Cape San

Lucas at the tip of Lower California. The records from

Coyote Mountain and Baboquivari Mountains are not definite,

however, since they are based on winged adults which from

their size Banks believed to belong to this species, but which

were taken flying and hence cannot be allocated to this species

with certainty. Material collected from near Douglas, Arizona,

by Professors A. A. Nichols and C. T. Vorhies of the Uni-

versity of Arizona, gives another locality for that state. Mr.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

Lamb’s two collections widen the known range in Lower

California.

Kalotermes minor Hagen

Kalotermes minor Hagen was reported by Banks and Snyder

(1920) from Niles in Alameda County, from San Jose and

from Monterey County, from Los Angeles and from Palm

Springs, Riverside County, in California, and from south-

eastern Arizona (Pima County). Collections made by me in

May 1925 and reported by Snyder (1926) add Copper Butte

Canyon near Ray, Arizona, and Prescott, Arizona, as localities

for this species, and more recent collections show it to be

present in Ash Fork. The collections of the Termite Investi-

gations Committee have shown this species to be common

along the Pacific Coast as far north as Westport in Mendocino

County. The northernmost known extension of its range is

marked by a single collection (Harvey) from Redding, in

Shasta County. It is not known to occur in the central San

Joaquin Valley, but reappears again around Bakersfield and in

the Tehachapi, the San Bernardino Mountains, and other

southern mountains. In the Mohave Desert Barstow marks

the eastern limit of its range, and in the Colorado Desert

Garnet and Palm Springs. Its range is evidently continuous

into Arizona, either south through Mexico or north through

Nevada. The present collection extends the recorded range of

this important economic species about 150 miles to the south,

giving it a known north to south range of about 750 miles.

Kalotermes hubbardi Banks

Kalotermes hubbardi was previously reported by Banks and

Snyder ( 1920) from Cape San Lucas. A dealate pair of this

species was taken by Mr. Lamb, crawling on his work desk at

Todos Santos, on the west coast of Lower California. It has

been reported in California (Banks and Snyder, 1920) from

San Diego and as far north as San Jose. Careful search on

the part of the Termite Investigations Committee has failed to

show its presence in the state save at Blythe on the Colorado

River. It is widespread throughout southern and central Ari-

zona and presumably through much of Lower California and

the western portion of Mexico proper.

October, 1929] light — termite records

Neotermes simplicicornis Banks

Neotermes simplicicornis Banks (1920) was known from a

single collection by Snyder made in southeastern Texas. No

winged forms were taken and Banks placed the species in the

genus Kalotermes. This species was taken later in Sabino

Canyon in southeastern Arizona, and in 1925 I took it at Ray,

in Central Arizona (Snyder, 1926; Light, 1926, 1927). In

1927 the species was collected by the Southern Pacific Railway

Company near Indio, Riverside County, California, and again

in 1928, at the request of the Termite Investigations Com-

mittee, a considerable collection was brought in by Mr. R. M.

Alpen from the same locality which contained two alates, not

previously known. These showed it to belong to the genus

Neotermes. Since that time it has been taken in connection

with the field investigations of the Termite Investigations Com-

mittee (Light, Pickens, Harvey) from the Colorado and

Mohave deserts and western Arizona. Its western limits in the

deserts have been located at Barstow in the Mohave and Garnet

and Palm Springs in the Colorado. In Arizona its known dis-

tribution is widened by my collections at Topac and Yucca and

near Roosevelt Dam. Mr. Lamb’s collection locates it on the

western shore of Lower California, about 130 miles south of

Mexicali, thus considerably extending the known southern

limits of the range of this interesting and economically impor-

tant species.

Reticulitermes tibialis

Reticulitermes tibialis was already known to range from

Iowa to the Pacific Coast and from western Montana to central

Riverside County in California. Its collection by Mr. Lamb

at the tip of Lower California adds about 750 miles to its

north-south range, bringing it to the amazing total of about

1650 miles. This would seem also to represent the most south-

erly record for the genus Reticulitermes, which is typically

holarctic.

Literature Cited

Banks, N., and Snyder, T. E.

1920. A revision of the Nearctic Termites (Banks) with notes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

on their biology and geographical distribution (Snyder).

Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 108: 1-228, pis. 1-35, 70 figs, in text.

Grinnell, J.

1928. A distributional summation of the ornithology of Lower

California. Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32: 1-300, 24 figs, in

text.

Holmgren, N.

1911. Termitenstudien. 2. Systematik der Termiten. K. Svensk.

Vet. Akad. Handl., 46: 1-88, pis. 1-6.

Light, S. F.

1926. On Hoplonympha natator gen. nov., sp. nov., Univ. Calif.

Pub. Zool., 29: 123-139, 28 figs, in text.

Light, S. F.

1927. Kofoidia, a new flagellate from a California termite. Ibid.

29: 467-492, pis. 23-24, 8 figs, in text.

Snyder, T. E.

1926. Notes on termites from Arizona. Ibid. 28: 389-397, 6 figs,

in text.

A NEW OLIARUS

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Oliarus truncatus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Closely allied to aridus and calif ornicus but with broader

costal areole, the narrow vertex of calif ornicus and different

male genitalia. Length, 6-6.5 mm.

Male. Vertex slightly narrower and more parallel-sided than in

calif ornicus ; costal areole one-half wider than the adjoining areole,

in the allied species these areoles are subequal in width; stigma as

in aridus, larger and darker than in calif ornicus ; elytral veins feebly

punctate; front as in aridus, the pale lateral spots smaller; rostrum

exceeding hind coxae by two-thirds the length of its last segment.

Male pygofers shaped as in calif ornicus but shorter with the apical

margins of the sides truncate, the median notch broad and shallow;

plates exceeding the pygofers by half their length, their apical

margin truncately rounded, their inner angle subacute; their apical

member shaped much as in aridus but shorter and transverse, not

as produced medially.

Described from the type and six male paratypes, three taken

by the writer at La Jolla, California, January 27, 1913, and

three taken by Mr. W. S. Wright at San Diego, California,

August 21, 1913.

Holotype, male, No. 2622, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected

by E. P. Van Duzee, July 4, 1913, at Alpine, San Diego

County, California.

October, 1929] hungerford — guerin’s types

CONCERNING TWO OF GUERIN-MENEVILLE’S

TYPES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF

PARIS (HEMIPTERA: NOTONECTID2E

AND CORIXID2E)

BY H. B. HUNGERFORD

University of Kansas , Lawrence

Dr. G. W. Kirkaldy and J. R. de la Torre-Bueno, in their

“Catalogue of American Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Hemiptera,”

1909, gave the following insufficient reference : cc Notonecta

unifasciata Guerin 1857, le Moniteur, p. (?),” and placed the

species as a synonym of Notonecta indica L. They omitted

Corixa femorata Guerin, which was described in the same paper

with Notonecta unifasciata Guerin.

Champion placed Corixa femorata Guerin as a synonym of

Corixa abdominalis Say, which is an entirely different species.

Nevertheless it remained thus submerged until I chanced to

find some specimens from Mexico which I thought must be

Guerin-Meneville’s unknown species and so described and

figured them (“Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,”

Vol. 20, No. 1, plate 1, February 1925).

The Notonecta unifasciata Guerin reference, as given in the

catalogue, I was unable to complete until I found it in Paris

upon my first visit to the entomological collections in the

National Museum. I came across a box bearing the obscure

label “Hautle.” In it was the display prepared by Guerin-

Meneville dealing with the use of water bugs as food in Mexico

and doubtless used by him in his report before the Academy

of Sciences. The box contains the following :

1. Six pieces of reed covered with eggs, two of the pieces

a foot or more in length.

2. A spoonful of eggs in a container devised by sealing

together with red wax two watch glasses.

3. Two examples of “Calcaires oolithiques” — one from

Mexico (gray in color) and one from France (chalk white).

4. Six pinned specimens of Corixa femorata Guer. (four

males and two females) (two labeled types) and four or five

more in glass vial.

7 4 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

5. Ten pinned specimens of Corixa mercenaria Say and a

vial full besides.

6. Eight pinned Notonecta unifasciata Guer. (two marked

“type”) and a vial containing nineteen specimens (10 $ S,

6 $ $, 3 nymphs). The written labels pinned in the box are

as follows :

1. “Memoire sur trois speces d’insectes hemipteres du groupe du

punaises aquatiques, dont les Oeufs servant a faire une Sorte de

Pain nomme Hautle au Mexique. Par M. F. E. Guerin-Meneville.”

2. “ Corixa femorata Guer. Corixa mercenaria Say, dont les oeufs

constituent une sorte de farine au Mexique.”

3. “Ahautle Corixa femorata Guerin-Meneville. Acad, du Sciences.

Seance du 23 Nov. 1 1857. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1857, p. 523.

L’lllustration, 17 Juillet 1858, p. 47, avec figures dans le texte.”

4. “Fragments de Jonce couverts du Oeufs des deux especes de

Corixa et de la Notonecta.”

5. “Farine du Mexique — Oeufs de Corixa.” (In the watch glass

case.)

6. “Calcaires oolithiques. Le gris du Mexique. Le blanc de

France.”

Thus with the complete references mentioned I was able to

examine the articles in the National Library at Paris. Since

the publications are not accessible to most of us I am submit-

ting some notes that give information concerning the insects

and enable us to complete our bibliographical references.

This report concerning the use of the water bugs as food

by the Mexicans must have been deemed a very important

one, for it was published almost word for word in several

periodicals.

I. “Le Moniteur Universel” — Journal officiel de l’Empire

Frangais, Numero 330, p. 1298, 26 Novembre 1857. This

is the completed reference for the partial one given in Kirkaldy

and Bueno’s Catalogue relating to Notonecta unifasciata Guerin.

“Le Moniteur Universel ...” is a four-page news sheet

about sixteen and one-half inches wide and twenty-five inches

long, and set up in five rather large columns. The title of the

paper in which we are interested is given “Entomologie appli-

quee Hautle-Pain D’lnsectes.”

“Extrait d’un memoire de M. Guerin-Meneville sur trois especes

d’insectes dont les oeufs servant a faire une sorte de pain nomme

Hautle au Mexique.”

x Nov. (?) The writing of this abbreviation is difficult to decipher.

October, 1929] hungerford — guerin’s types

Then follows the article which is identical with that appear-

ing in “Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,” Tome IX, 1857.

II. “Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,” 2nd ser., Tome IX,

pp. 522-527, 1857, Paris.

“Seance de 23 Novembre 1847 — M. Virlet d’Aoust lit une Note

sur des oeufs d’Insectes servant a l’alimentation de l’homme et don-

nant lieu a la formation d’oolithes dans des calcaires lacustres du

Mexique.”

In this article is given a review of past literature, the story

of the use of the insects and their eggs as food in Mexico,

description of the eggs and of Corixa femorata and of Noio-

necta unifasciata. Concerning the eggs of the two Corixids,

C. femorata and C. mercenaria Say, he says, “Ils sont de

forme ovalaire, avec un petit bouton au bout et un pedicule a

l’autre extremite, au moyen duquel ils sont . fixes sur un petit

disque arrondi que la mere colle a la feuille. Parmi ces oeufs,

qui sont tres rapproches et quelque-fois fixes l’un sur l’autre,

comme on le voit dans une des figures de mes dessins, on en

observe d’autres considerablement plus grands, allonges et de

forme cylindrique, colles sur le flanc contre ces memes feuilles

de joncs, et qu’appartiennent a un autre Insecte plus grand,

a une veritable Notonecte tres voisine des Notonecta americana

et variabilis des auteurs.” Then follows what we must accept

as his description of Notonecta unifasciata : “Cependant, comme

elle offre des caracteres qui la distinguent de ces especes, Je la

decris et represente comme une espece nouvelle que j’appellerai

Notonecta unifasciata , a cause de la large bande transversale

blanche du milieu de son corps en dessus.”

It is fortunate that the types are preserved. His new Corixa

femorata receives the following attention. I have not found a

fuller description, but illustrations that are unmistakable appear

elsewhere. “Les principaux fabricants de cette farine animale

du Mexique sont deux especes du genre Corise de Geoffroy,

hemipteres de la tribu des Notonectides, dans la famille des

Hydrocorises, ou Punaises d’eau, genre qui compte plus de

soixante-dix especes tres difficiles a distinguer entre elles par

des caracteres exterieurs. La premiere forme une espece nou-

velle, bien distincte par les cuisses anterieures des males qui

sont tres epaisses, ainsi que par d’autres caracteres mentionnes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

dans le description detaillee que j’en donne et dans les figures

qui accompagnent mon Memoir e. Je lui ai donne le nom de

Corixa femorata. La Seconde a ete descrite d’apres des indi-

vidus achetes au marche de Mexico et publiee en 1831 par

Thomas Say, entomologiste americain, sous le nom de Corixa

mercenaria”

Even without the types the drawings given in the article

below would suffice.

III. “LTllustration,” Tome XXXII, Juillet 17, 1858. In

this illustrated magazine, on page 47 of the above number, is a

small woodcut block of drawings illustrating a dorsal view of

a male, front leg of the male, two eggs, one attached to the

other, and a piece of Juncus with three Notonecta eggs and

forty-eight Corixid eggs, the latter on stalks. These stalked

eggs are interesting and correctly drawn, for I compared the

drawings with the original material. The stalked eggs remind

one of the eggs of Cymatia. ( See “Bulletin Brooklyn Entomo-

logical Society,” Vol. 18, No. 1, page 13, 1923.)

The drawings given here are tracings from those published

in the above magazine. The article is almost word for word

the same as appeared in the “Revue et Magasin de Zoologie.”

The title under

which the paper

appears is “Pain

d’lnsectes, Nomme

Ahautle au Mexi-

que.” Fait avec une

f arine compose

d’oeufs de punaises

aquatiques. The

article is signed Guerin-Meneville at the end.

IV. “Annals and Magazine of Natural History,” Ser. 3,

Vol. 1, pp. 79-80, 1858. This is an English review that men-

tions the oolites in Mexico and the gathering of Hautle by

the Mexican Indians and is credited to Comptes Rendus,

November 23, 1857, p. 865.

V. “Bulletin Soc. Zool. Acclim,” Vol. IV, p. 581, 1857.

This is the reference given by Champion in his reference to

C. femorata Guer., which he made a synoynm of C. abdominalis

October, 1929] hungerford — guerin’s types

Say. The account is almost identical with the one in the “Revue

et Magasin de Zoologie.” It lacks, however, the first paragraph

and adds two short ones at the end. In one of Doctor

Kirkaldy’s unpublished notes, which is bound in R 2 of his set

of separates which we purchased some years ago, I find his

notation : “The November number of the Rev. et Mag. did not

appear before Dec. 6th (v. p. 529).” It was Doctor Kirkaldy’s

opinion that the “Moniteur,” November 25, 1857, was the first

one to appear.

VI. “Bulletin Soc. Ent. Fr.” (3) V. p. CXLVIII-CLI.

Here also is a repetition of the story that was certainly preceded

by the “Moniteur.”

A Catalogue of the Mesovelihle

Fascicle II of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera, which

has just come to hand, records the small family Mesoveliidae.

It has been prepared by our old friend Dr. Geza Horvath, who,

since the death of Dr. Reuter, has been easily the leading

hemipterist of the world. In this catalogue Dr. Horvath enu-

merates two genera and fourteen species now described. Three

of these are Palaearctic, five Indo-Australian, and six American.

Of the latter, three have been recorded from north of Mexico.

It may be noted that Mesovelia bisignata Uhler has come back,

and is now considered as distinct from mulsanti White.

In the preparation of my catalogue of the Hemiptera of

America North of Mexico, I followed Dr. Reuter’s classifi-

cation of 1912 and placed this family just before the Nabidae,

but through the kindness of Dr. Bergroth was able, in a foot-

note, to indicate its true position in the superfamily Gerroidea,

where Dr. Horvath had placed it in lit. In his present cata-

logue he gives it the same position.

Fascicle I of this great catalogue, the Membracidae by Prof.

Funkhauser, was noticed in The Pan-Pacific Entomologist,

Vol. IV, page 40, 1927. We understand the preparation of

certain other families is well under way. They will be most

welcome when they do appear. — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

THE COLEOPTERA OF UTAH — CICINDELID2E 1

BY VASCO M. TANNER

This paper is the first of a series in which the writer pro-

poses to deal with the Coleoptera fauna of Utah and portions

of the Great Basin. Many of our noted coleopterists have

collected in various parts of this region, but very little has been

published on their findings. It is the purpose of these papers

to bring together what is known and make additions from my

collection which has been obtained from all parts of the state.

I wish to thank Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. ; Mr. L. L.

Buchanan, Mr. Warren Knaus, Dr. Walther Horn, and Pro-

fessor H. E. Wickham for notes on Utah collections and

expressions of opinion concerning certain species.

cicindelid^:

1. Amblycheila schwarzi W. H.

Bellevue, Washington County, 1917 (Engelhardt and Doll).

In my correspondence with Mr. Warren Knaus he informs

me that two specimens of this species were found dead in a

pool in Ash Creek near Bellevue, Utah, by Mr. George P.

Engelhardt and Mr. Jacob Doll in 1917. I have collected at

various seasons of the year for several years in this region, but

have not found this species. It seems to be very rare.

2. C'lCINDELA PURPUREA Var. AUDUBONI LeC.

Great Salt Lake Valley, 1850 (Captain Howard Stansbury) ; City

Creek Canyon near Salt Lake City, March and June (John Sugden

and G. W. Browning).

The first insects taken in Utah for scientific purposes were

collected by Captain Stansbury and his party during the years

1849-50. The poor means of caring for and transporting collec-

tions made it almost impossible to get large collections back to

the eastern centers of study. Professor S. S. Haldeman, who

studied the Stansbury collection, reported eleven species of

insects from Utah, six of which were Coleoptera.

3. ClCINDELA PURPUREA Var. GRAMINEA Schp.

Provo, April, 1915, 1928, 1929; Indianola, May, 1927 (Vasco M.

Tanner); Salt Lake City, June, 1915 (John Sugden); Lava Hot

Springs, Idaho, May, 1928 (D. E. Beck).

x Contribution No. 19 from the Department of Zoology and Entomology,

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

October, 1929] tanner — utah cicindelhue

4. ClCINDELA PURPUREA var. NIGERRIMA Leng

City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake City, April and August (Browning

and Sugden).

Professor H. E. Wickham informs me that he has specimens

of this species which were taken by Mr. Browning in April. ,

5. ClCINDELA CIMARRON A Lee.

Logan, April, 1915 (Harold Hagen and Herbert Pack); Wellsville,

June, 1926 (Tanner).

6. ClCINDELA REPANDA Dej.

Great Salt Lake Basin, 1871 (Hayden Survey); Douglass, Dino-

saur Quarry, July, 1926 (Tanner); Duchesne, July, 1926 (Tanner and

C. J. D. Brown); Green River, June, 1927 (Tanner and J. Kartchner);

Moab, June, 1927 (Tanner and Anson Call, Jr.).

This species was reported from the Great Salt Lake Basin

by Dr. George H. Horn in the United States Geological Survey

of Montana and Adjacent Territory, 1871 (1872), pp. 382-392.

Mr. Cyrus Thomas and other members of the Hayden party

collected the beetles of this report between June 1 and July 6,

1891 : “Starting from Ogden, Utah, through the Salt Lake

Basin, by way of Brigham City, Boxelder Creek, Copenhagen,

and Cache Valley; thence out of the Salt Lake Basin to Port

Neuf River and Port Hall.” Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., of the

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia informs me that

there is one specimen of repanda from Utah in the Horn

collection.

Dr. Horn reports the following species as being widely

distributed over the territory studied: C. 12 -guttata Dej.,

C. purpurea Oliv., C. punctulata Lab. and C. tranquebarica

Hbst. ( vulgaris Say). There must be some mistake about

C. 12 -guttata Dej ., as it was no doubt taken in the eastern part

of the territory, probably Kansas.

Mr. J. D. Putnam (Davenport Acad, of Sci., Vol. 1, 1876,

pp. 199-204), lists the Coleoptera collected in the vicinity of

Spring Lake Villa, six miles south of Payson, Utah. The

following Cicindelids were reported: C. 12 -guttata Dej.,

C. senilis Horn, C. tranquebarica Herbst. and C. near purpurea

Oliv. Cicindela senilis Horn may be confused with C. echo Csy.

The twenty-one Utah specimens of this species in my collec-

tion are all more coppery in luster and have broader macula-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

tions than any of my eastern specimens. Dr. Blaisdell has a

series of repanda which he collected at Baltimore, Maryland,

which shows a wide variation with respect to the maculations ;

some of them are three times as wide as others.

7. ClCINDELA HIRTICOLLIS Say

Moab, June, 1927 (Tanner and Irvin Rasmussen); St. George,

March to November, 1917, 1921, 1922 (Tanner); Mesquite, Nevada,

May, 1922 (Tanner).

This species is abundant on the muddy flood plains of the

Virgin River and the Santa Clara Creek, near St. George.

8. ClCINDELA TRANQUEBARICA Hbst.

St. George, June, 1919 (Knaus); April, 1922 (Tanner); Zion

National Park, June, 1919 (Knaus); June, 1929 (Tanner).

9. ClCINDELA TRANQUEBARICA LASSENICA Csy.

City Creek Canyon, near Salt Lake City, 1928 (G. Rasmussen).

This is a distinctive form and a new record for Utah.

10. ClCINDELA TRANQUEBARICA HORICONENSIS Leng

St. George, April-May, 1917, 1921, 1922 (Tanner); June, 1919

(Knaus and Spalding); Zion National Park, 1919 (Knaus and

Spalding); May, 1924 (Tanner); Shores of Great Salt Lake, June,

1915 (Sugden).

11. ClCINDELA TRANQUEBARICA KIRBYI LeC.

Raft River Mountains, June, 1928 (Tanner); Logan, 1909 (E. G.

Titus); Farr West, June, 1926 (Tanner); Bear Lake, near Lakota,

June, 1926 (Tanner and Lynn, Hayward); Sheep Creek, Daggett

County, June, 1926 (Tanner); Sinks and Dunes, South Lynndyl,

September, 1926 (Tanner); Marysvalle, July, 1927 (Tanner); St.

George, September, 1928 (Tanner); Bluff, July, 1927 (Tanner and

Kartchner).

12. ClCINDELA TRANQUEBARICA ADMISCENS Csy.

Price, June, 1927 (Tanner); Sheep Creek, June, 1926 (Lynn

Hayward); Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June, 1926 (Tanner).

The nine specimens of this variety in my collection agree

with the Casey specimens, but I question the advisability of

separating these from the variety kirbyi. The color, pube-

scence, and elytral markings are variable in these two forms.

I can find no distinctive morphological differences.

October, 1929] tanner — utah cicindelhle

13. Cicindela vibex var. INYO Fall

Zion National Park, September, 1916, June, 1917, August, 1920,

August-September, 1922, August, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 (Tanner);

June, 1919 (Knaus).

14. Cicindela vibex var. owena Fall

Cicindela kirbyi var. uintana Csy. (type locality, Zion

National Park)

Zion National Park, June, 1917 (Tanner); June and September,

1921, August, 1922, 1926, 1928 (Tanner); Iron Springs, Iron County,

June, 1919 (Knaus).

I have had the opportunity of studying Colonel Casey’s type

of uintana and I am convinced that it is only a well-marked

specimen of the variety owena. In the large series of inyo and

owena of my collection from Zion Park there is a great deal of

variation, depending upon the time of the year they are taken.

15. Cicindela vibex var. moapana Csy.

Provo, August 20 (Wickham).

Professor Wickham informs me that he collected this form

of vibex at Provo, but I have never been able to distinguish this

variety in specimens I have taken in Utah.

16. Cicindela tenuicincta Schp.

East shore of Great Salt Lake, June 25, 1902 (Knaus); Saltair,

June 21 (Wickham), September 26, 1925 (Tanner).

This species seems to be restricted in Utah to the shores of

Great Salt Lake, where it is abundant.

17. Cicindela longilabris Say

Emerald Lake, Mount Timpanogos, August, 1927 (Tanner).

This species is rarely found in Utah. I have never seen

any of the green maculate specimens like the ones I have

from Montana that have been taken in Utah. I doubt that

C. perviridis has ever been taken in Utah and hence I am not

including it in this list.

18. Cicindela Montana Lee.

Cicindela montana var. uteana Csy. (type locality, Provo

Canyon, Utah)

American Fork Canyon, 1876 (F. C. Bowditch); Aspen Grove,

Mount Timpanogos, July and August, 1925, 1926, 1927 (Tanner);

Deer Creek Canyon (Spalding); Greendale, Uinta Mountains, June,

1926 (Tanner); Uinta National Forest, August 3 (Silver); Park City,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

August, 1927 (O. W. Olsen); Logan Canyon, June, 1926 (Tanner

and C. Cottam); Deep Creek Mountains, June, 1928 (Tanner); Raft

River Mountains, June, 1928 (D. E. Beck, Fred Richin and Tanner);

Pine Valley Mountains, September, 1922 (Tanner); Paris Canyon,

Idaho, July 2, 1920 (B. C. Cain); Lava Hot Springs, May, 1927

(Beck); Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June, 1926 (Tanner); Kaibab

Forest, Arizona, July, 1927 (Tanner).

I agree with Professor Wickham that montana should be

given specific rank. It is a distinctive species, though extremely

variable, and is widely distributed throughout Utah. During

the past summer (1928) I had the privilege of studying Colonel

Casey’s collection of Cicindelidae, now in the National Museum.

I have also recently submitted specimens of this group and

other groups to Mr. L. L. Buchanan, who kindly studied them

in connection with the Casey types. With this material before

me I am convinced that most of the species and subspecies

from Utah named by Casey in his last memoir (1924) should

be placed in synonymy.

I have studied over a hundred specimens of montana and

find some specimens with “subcupreous” heads and thorax and

black elytra, while others have blackish heads and thorax and

elytra that are subcupreous in color. The abdomens vary from

dull greenish, blackish, bluish to blue-green. I have also taken

the “subcupreous-brown” and black specimens in copula.

Mr. Knaus reports that he has specimens of C. longilabris

var. chamberlaini Knaus and C. longilabris var. vestalia Leng,

collected by Mr. Spalding in Provo Canyon. I have submitted

specimens to Mr. Knaus, but he has not reported the results.

I am unable to distinguish these varieties in my specimens ; in

fact since studying specimens of vestalia Leng I am inclined

to believe that neither of these varieties are found in the Utah

fauna.

19. ClCINDELA LAURENTI Schp.

Parowan Canyon, July, 1921 (Knaus); Cedar Breaks, August, 1921

(B. C. Cain); La Sal Mountains, June, 1927 (Tanner, 'Call, Ras-

mussen, Kartchner).

A distinctive species. My nineteen specimens are uniform

in color, markings and size.

October, 1929] tanner — utah cicindelhle

20. ClCINDELA OREGONA LeC.

Provo (common from May until October); Riverdale, Weber

River, June, 1926 (Tanner, Hayward, Cottam) ; Wellsville, June, 1926

(Tanner); Farr West, June, 1926 (Tanner); Logan, August, 1924

W. W. Henderson); Flaming Gorge, Green River, June, 1926

(Tanner); Douglass, Dinosaur Quarry, July, 1926 (Tanner); Aspen

Grove, Mount Timpanogos, August, 1926-27 (Tanner); Thistle,

Spanish Fork Canyon, July 22, 1922 (Tanner); Salt Creek Canyon,

near Nephi, July 20, 1922 (Tanner); Sevier River at Lynndyl, July 26,

1922 (Tanner); Sinks and Dunes, South Lynndyl, September, 1927

(Tanner); Beaver, July, 1923 (Tanner); Callao, June, 1928 (Tanner);

Mud Lake, Paris, Idaho, June, 1926 (Tanner, Hayward, Brown,

Cottam); Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, July, 1927 (Tanner

and Call).

This species is common in the northern part of the state.

Mr. Knaus reports that he has taken it at St. George and Zion

Park, but I have never taken what I consider to be the true

oregona in the Virgin River Valley.

21. ClCINDELA OREGONA GUTTIFERA LeC.

Sheep Creek, Duchesne County, June, 1926 (Tanner); Aspen

Grove, July and August, 1925, 1926, and 1927 (Tanner); Provo

Canyon (Knaus); Utah Lake (Tanner); Woodside, June 1927

Kartchner) ; Moab, May, 1928 (W. J. Gertsch) ; Mesa Verde National

Park, Colorado, July, 1927 (Call, Kartchner, Tanner).

This form of oregona seems to be more in the Colorado River

drainage area than in the Great Basin of Utah.

22. ClCINDELA OREGONA MARICOPA Leng

Cicindela provensis Csy. (type locality, Provo Canyon).

Cicindela provensis mormonella Csy. (type locality, Utah).

Cicindela provensis nephiana Csy. (type locality, Parowan, Utah).

St. George, June to August, 1921, 1922, and 1925 (Tanner); Pine

Valley, June, 1922, 1929 (Tanner, Doyle, Liddle, and Tony Bentley);

Central, June, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925 and 1929 (Tanner); Mountain

Meadows, June, 1923 (Tanner); Toquerville, June 15, 1924 (Tanner);

Cedar City, July, 1922 (Tanner); Beaver, July, 1924 (Henderson);

Utah Lake, May, 1928 (Tanner); Aspen Grove, Mount Timpanogos,

July, 1926 and 1927 (Tanner); Brighton, August, 1926 (Sugden);

Vineyard, July (Spalding); Parowan Canyon, July (Spalding).

Last summer while I was at the National Museum I. studied

the Casey types of the above forms and made careful notes.

Since then Mr. Buchanan has kindly compared a number of

specimens with each type. With these and several hundred

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

specimens of the oregona group for study I am forced to the

conclusion that C. provensis, C. p. mormonella, and C. p.

nephiana are only color phases of C. o. maricopa Leng. I have

relaxed and studied scores of specimens in this group, but I

have failed to find any constant morphological differences.

While collecting specimens of this group I have paid special

attention to their association and have found greenish and deep-

blue specimens on the same sandy river bottom. In Zion Park

I collected specimens that are identical with Casey’s provensis

that were in copula with specimens that have been identified as

maricopa. Several color phases may be taken throughout the

season in the same locality which suggests that they may be

physiological responses to an environmental complex. Some

workers, past and present, seem to take a delight in gathering

and naming the fortuitous variations of taxonomic units. Mr.

Spalding picked out his most likely variations and sold them to

Colonel Casey !

23. ClCINDELA OREGONA OREGONELLA Csy.

(Type locality, Deer Creek, Provo Canyon, Utah)

Aspen Grove, Mount Timpanogos, July (Tanner); Deer Creek,

Provo Canyon (Spalding); Logan, August, 1924 (Henderson); Sinks

and Dunes, South Lynndyl, September, 1926 (Tanner); St. George,

May, 1922 (Tanner); Zion Park, August 25, 1925 (Tanner).

The specimens listed here under oregonella run in Casey’s

key (1913, p. 29), to sonoma, but since I do not have material

that has been compared with sonoma I am referring my speci-

mens to a form I have studied, oregonella, which may prove to

be a synonym. In my specimens the elytra lack the punctures

and are “densely microgranulate” and the surface is opaque,

but never metallic. They vary in color above from black to

dirty brownish and dull greenish, beneath greenish to deep blue.

Four specimens from near Lynndyl are black opaque above and

dull greenish beneath. The head and thorax, except on the

lateral part, are devoid of hairs. This form seems to be dis-

tinct enough to warrant separating it from the three oregona

groups listed above.

24. Cicindela willistoni var. echo Csy.

(Type locality, shores of Great Salt Lake, Utah)

Great Salt Lake, 1904 (Wickham), June, 1926 (Tanner, Brown,

October, 1929] tanner — utah cicindelid^e

Cottam, and Hayward), 1921 (Knaus); Stansbury Island, Great Salt

Lake, July, 1913 (Pack, Hagen, and Titus); Sevier Lake, 1904

(Wickham); Little Salt Lake, Parowan, July, 1921 (Knaus); June,

1928 and 1929 (Tanner, Bentley, and Liddle).

This species is common around the salty lakes of Utah.

25. ClCINDELA WILLISTONI SPALDINGI Csy.

(Type locality, Callao, Utah)

Callao, June (Spalding).

I have seen but one specimen of this unique, the type, and

it seems distinct enough to be separated from other varieties of

this group. In many ways it is more closely related to the

fulgida group than to the willistoni units.

26. ClCINDELA TANNERI KnaUS

(Type locality, Green River, Utah)

Green River, June, 1927 (Tanner and Kartchner) ; Duchesne, July,

1926 (C. J. D. Brown).

This species was rather common on the alkali flats near the

river.

27. ClCINDELA PAROWANA Wickh.

(Type locality, Salt Lake near Parowan, Utah)

Cicindela parowana var. remittens Csy. (type locality, Callao, Utah)

Little Salt Lake, near Parowan, August 11 (Wickham); July

(Knaus); June (Tanner); Callao, June 5 (Spalding).

I have had an opportunity of studying all of Mr. Spalding’s

specimens of parowana and remittens, and after studying

Colonel Casey’s type there is no doubt but that remittens is a

color phase and one that is extremely variable. The Callao

specimens are reddish, greenish and bluish in color.

28. ClCINDELA NIGROCCERULEA LeC.

St. George, August, 1922 (Tanner).

I have only taken three specimens of this species in my many

years of collecting.

29. ClCINDELA PUNCTULATA OHv.

St. George, August, 1923' (Tanner); Parowan, July (Knaus).

This species is not common in Utah and is usually associated

with chihuahuce.

30. ClCINDELA PUNCTULATA CHIHUAHUCE Bates

St. George, August, 1922 and September, 1927 (Tanner); July, 1921

(Knaus); Bellevue (Engelhardt) ; Zion Park, July, 1922 (Tanner);

Parowan Canyon, July, 1921 (Knaus and Spalding).

86 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

This form seems to be confined to the southwestern part of

the state.

31. ClCINDELA TENUISIGN AT A Lee.

Ash Creek near La Verkin, June, 1922 (Tanner).

The single specimen of this species taken at La Verkin is

small with fine markings.

32. ClCINDELA LEMNISCATA Lee.

St. George, August, 1922 (Tanner).

Three specimens came to the electric lights one warm, cloudy

night. This seems to be a new record for Utah.

33. ClCINDELA CARTHAGENA Var. H HEMORRHAGICA Lee.

Saltair, July, 1921 (Knaus), August 29, (F. H. Shoemaker); June,

1926 (Tanner); Salt Lake Valley (Morrison); 1904 (Wickham);

Farr West, June, 1926 (Brown); Parowan, July, 1921 (Knaus).

Mr. Leng reports hentziana from Utah and cites as his

authority specimens in the Harris collection now in the Museum

of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. Professor Nathan Banks

has the following to say of this form in a letter under date of

April 10, 1929: “In his (Harris’s) collection I do not find any

specimens under hentzi, but in his catalogue I find one sheet

with these words, ‘identical with, or very closely allied to the

form on page 4052 (that is hentzi).’ On this sheet there are

records of specimens from St. George, Utah, July, H. F.

Wickham, and 25 June, L. H. Joutel, and against the latter is

the collecter, ‘Fuchs collection 772 and 773.’ However, as I

said, I did not find these specimens under hentzi in his collec-

tion, and he may have transferred them later elsewhere with-

out changing the records.”

I have never taken any specimens that agree with Leng’s

description of this variety.

34. ClCINDELA CARTHAGENA BISIGNATA Dokh.

Saltair, June 26 (Wickham).

The only record of this species in Utah is one specimen in

the Harris collection. I question the identification of the

specimen.

35. ClCINDELA CARTHAGENA ARIZONHE Wickh.

St. George, 1917 to 1929 during the summer (Tanner); June, 1921

(Knaus); Zion Park, August, 1922 (Tanner).

October, 1929] tanner — utah cicindeluue

This species seems to be confined to the Virgin River Valley.

It is common throughout the summer.

36. ClCINDELA PUSILLA Var. IMPERFECTA LeC.

Provo, June (Wickham); Saltair, June (Wickham and Tanner);

Farr West, June, 1926 (Tanner, Brown, and Hayward); Rosevere

Creek, Raft River Mountains, June, 1928 (Tanner); Sevier River,

near Lynndyl, June, 1922 (Tanner); Sevier Lake, June (Wickham);

Parowan, June and July (Spalding, Knaus, and Tanner); Sheep

Creek, Duchesne County, July, 1926 (Brown); Callao, June, 1928

(Tanner); Bear Lake, near Paris, Idaho, June, 1926 (Hayward and

Tanner). Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June, 1926 (Tanner).

This species is extremely variable in color as well as

markings.

37. Cicindela pusilla var. cinctipennis Lee.

Miners Peak, July (Spalding); Sheep Creek, June (Brown and

Hayward); Price, June, 1927 (Tanner); Douglass, Dinosaur Quarry,

June (Brown and Hayward).

38. Cicindela californica var. pr^etextata Lee.

St. George, August (Spalding, Wickham, Tanner).

This species has always been taken at night around the light.

39. Cicindela sperata Lee.

Bluff, July, 1927 (Tanner and Kartchner).

This specimen was taken along the San Joaquin River. It

is a new record for Utah.

40. Cicindela togata var. globicollis Csy.

Saltair, June 26 (Wickham).

Professor Banks writes the following concerning this variety :

“Of C. bisignata and C. globicollis there are of each, one speci-

men from Saltair, 26 June, H. F. Wickham, collector.”

Summary

1. In this paper forty species are listed for Utah and ten

forms are treated as doubtful or synonyms, thus bringing the

list to fifty species that have been referred to the state.

2. Utah is the type locality for eleven of the fifty forms.

3. Specimens of forty-three of the fifty forms are in my

collection of eight hundred and thirty specimens of Cicindelids.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

A STATE BUTTERFLY FOR CALIFORNIA

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

Many states in the United States of America have officially

designated or tentatively set aside what is popularly termed a

“state flower.” For example, California has long since chosen

the poppy and Illinois the goldenrod. A number of states are

going a step further and recognizing a state bird to represent

their ornithological preference. The bird authorities of this

commonwealth are still wrangling over the question of which

species will be selected, but in all probability, according to latest

reports, one of the California Quail family will be chosen.

During the last fifteen years, as everyone knows, there has

been a marked advance in the science of entomology. The

The emblem

public at large is beginning to know what the term means and

to recognize its importance. More interest is being shown by

the press in the things that entomologists do. In other words,

entomology is gradually becoming as significant to the public

as ornithology and botany. Perhaps it will some day have more

appeal. Its status in relation to man’s existence is certainly

closer in many respects. The more the attention of the general

public can be focused on entomology the better. It was with

these thoughts in mind that the Lorquin Entomological Society

of Los Angeles has sought to establish a state insect for Cali-

fornia and to have this state be the first in the entomological

field to record a local symbol of its science.

At a society meeting during the fore part of this year it was

decided that one of the diurnal lepidoptera would be the most

October, 1929] gunder — a state butterfly

suitable and popular of all insects in general with the public.

Butterflies have always held the imaginative fancy of the

people ; also there are perhaps more students interested in lepid-

optera than in any other order. Three well-known butterflies

occurring in California were selected on which a state-wide

ballot was taken. The three were : H eterochroa calif ornica

Butl., the '‘California Sister” ; Zerene eurydice Bdv., the “Cali-

fornia Dog Head,” or “Flying Pansy” ; and Basilarehia lorquini

Bdv., the “Lorquin’s Admiral.” Especially printed, return

postcard ballots were sent to every known person really inter-

ested in entomology in the state. Names and addresses were

obtained from the Natural History Society of San Diego, the

Lorquin Society files, the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

of San Francisco, the Government’s State Economic List

through the courtesy of Mr. Campbell of Alhambra, the Uni-

versity of California List (both at Davis and at Berkeley), and

from other sources, including dealers’ lists. Prof. L. J. Much-

more of the Entomological Department of the Los Angeles

Museum attended to the receipt and count of the cards. Thus

every entomologist who cared to vote on the subject had the

chance to do so. The result of the ballot was as follows:

seventy-seven cards were returned showing a preference for

the “California Dog Head” butterfly and eleven showing a

choice for the “California Sister.” No cards were marked in

favor of the “Lorquin’s Admiral.” Thus the active entomolo-

gists of the state chose the “California Dog Head,” or better

named, the “Flying Pansy” for their state butterfly. Practically

everyone who received a ballot cast a vote which showed a

genuine interest in the undertaking.

Zerene eurydice Bdv. is strictly a native California butterfly,

its habitat being the lower mountains, from the Mexican border

north to the San Francisco Bay region. It is particularly

common in the San Bernardino mountains of southern Cali-

fornia, where it flies mostly during June and July. The early

stages were worked out years ago by W. H. Edwards, who

illustrated the egg and larva in his “Butterflies of North

America.” For good illustrations of the typical species see

Holland’s, Wright’s, or Comstock’s books with their colored

plates. Eurydice is a pretty butterfly, the male being orange

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

and black in color with a striking and easily remembered design,

while the female is straight orange without pattern. Thousands

of specimens are used each year in entomological art work for

trays, bookends, plaques, etc., so the species is already fairly

well known to the public.

The seal

To record and popularize California’s new state butterfly,

an emblem and a seal is needed to validate its announcement.

The illustrations accompanying this article suggest designs for

both. Either may be used at will by entomologists. The more

often the better. The emblem makes a good letterhead

embellishment, while the seal can be used by societies and state

institutions when occasion demands. The original designs and

the original zinc cuts are deposited with the Lorquin Society

at the Los Angeles Museum and are available, upon demand, to

responsible parties who may wish to borrow them.

The State of California and the entomologists of this state

are to be congratulated upon being the first in the Union to

select and symbolize a state insect, or rather, a state butterfly.

October, 1929] van duzee — oriental hemiptera

SOME HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY PROFESSOR

COCKERELL IN THE ORIENT

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has sent to me for study a

small lot of Hemiptera representing a portion of his work in

the Orient during 1928. He has very generously allowed me

to retain the specimens for the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, which already has a very good repre-

sentation of Oriental insects. It has seemed necessary for me

to describe as new one genus and three species from this lot,

and some of the others have proved interesting from the stand-

point of geographical distribution.

S CUTELLERID^E

Tectocoris diophthalmus Thunberg

Bourail, New Caledonia, May 22 (W. P. Cockerell). One

larva, about half-grown. It is bronzed black with the head,

pronotal callosities, apex of elytral pads, abdomen and legs

deep steel blue, the coxae tipped with ferruginous.

SCUTIPHORA PEDICELLATA Klug

Sydney, New South Wales. One fine large specimen taken

in the Hotel Grosvenor.

PENTATOMID^E

Scotinophara obscura Dallas

Chiengmai, Siam, April 6, 1928 (Dr. McKean), one example,

certainly pertaining to Dallas’ species and not to lurida.

Genus Kyrtalus Van Duzee, n. gen.

Allied to Paramecocoris Stal, 1861. Long, oval, depressed margins

of head and thorax explanate. Head broad, flat semicircular in out-

line, narrower than base of scutellum, its length three-fourths that

of pronotum on median line; cheeks contiguous before the small

pointed tylus; ocelli a little more distant from one another than from

the eyes; bucculse low, feebly elevated anteriorly; rostrum not attain-

ing intermediate coxae; segment I reaching apex of bucculae; II

shorter than III and IV together; III longer than IV. Sides of

pronotum broadly explanate, gently arcuate, entire; humeri and

anterior angles rounded, anterior margin deeply excavated for recep-

tion of head, immarginate, hind margin scarcely arcuate before base

of scutellum. Scutellum large, passing middle of abdomen, narrowed

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

at apex, frenum nearly attaining the apical fourth. Elytra narrower

than abdomen, leaving connexivum exposed; costa expanded basally;

membranal nervures becoming obsolete at base and apex. Osteolar

canal long, curved, nearly attaining margin of the large oval,

wrinkled opaque area; mesosternum broadly sulcate. Venter slightly

convex, flattened along median line; base of segment II unarmed.

All femora with a few small teeth below near apex; all tibiae broadly

sulcate. Antennae five-segmented, I thickened, curved, scarcely pass-

ing the foliate margin of head; II and V subequal; IV longer than

III but shorter than V; V fusiform. Surface above and sides beneath

coarsely punctate.

Type of genus Kyrtalus mackiei Van D.

This insect runs in Stabs table to the African genus Para-

mecocoris Stal, 1861, (= Delegorguella Spinola), but the head

is more expanded and regularly arcuate before, the tylus is

smaller, the antennas and rostrum are shorter, the osteolar canal

is much longer and the upper surface is more coarsely

punctured.

It should be noted that Stal established his genus Para-

mecocoris in 1853 as a substitute for the preoccupied name

Paramecus Fieber, 1851 ; it must therefore take the same type

species and must replace Burma of Kirkaldy. Paramecocoris

of Stal, 1861 and 1864, seems to be quite a different genus

and equivalent to Delegorguella Spin., 1850, as pointed out by

Kirkaldy.

Kyrtalus mackiei Van Duzee, n. sp.

Brownish testaceous, coarsely irregularly punctured with

brown or black. Length, 10 mm. ; width, 5 mm.

Head flat with coarse irregular punctures, leaving a smooth area

between the ocelli and eyes that is crossed by an oblique line of

contiguous punctures; apex of head entire, the cheeks meeting for

one-third the length of the head; eyes brown, ocelli red; edge of

head with a black line from eyes halfway to apex. Pronotum with

an obsolete impressed transverse line terminating in a whitish cal-

loused spot placed its own width within the margin; callosities a

smooth annulus including an oval smooth area between them; punc-

tures sparse on lateral margin anteriorly, finer and denser toward

the humeri. Scutellum with a smooth spot within the basal angles,

apex narrow, rounded, punctured to the tip. Elytra irregularly punc-

tured, leaving a few scattering smooth spots, punctures coarser and

blacker within the radial nervure; membrane moderately enfumed,

nervures fuscous and distinct only along the median field; con-

nexivum brown-punctate, with a large pale median area resting on

October, 1929] van duzee — oriental hemiptera

the margin of each segment. Antennae with a fuscous annulus cover-

ing much of segment III; apex of rostrum and clavus black. Meso-

and metapleurae with a brown opaque area; lateral areas of pleurae

and venter brown-punctate; margin of venter smooth with a black

spot at the incisures; hind edge of sixth segment with an obtusely

angulate median tooth or rounded lobe, the disk with a brown mark

either side at base. Described from the unique type.

Holotype, female, No. 2619, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

July 17, 1928, on Mount Pah Meeung, Siam, by Miss Alice

Mackie, after whom the species is named.

Stollia lereddi Guillou

Thursday Island, March 15. A single specimen taken by

Miss Alice Mackie. This agrees in every particular with Stal’s

description of his Stollia fasciolata which Schouteden places

as a synonym of lereddi. It has been recorded from North

Queensland and Papua between which Thursday Island lies.

Carbula trux Breddin

Doi Sutep, Siam, February 8, one female taken by Alice

Mackie. It agrees altogether with Breddin’s description of his

male specimen from Java (“Archiv. f. Naturges.,” LXXVIII,

Abt. A., p. 102, published in February, 1913).

Menida cockerelli Van Duzee, n. sp.

Size and form of varipennis Westw. Ochraceous more or

less tinged with croceous, especially on the pronotum, coarsely

punctured with black, beneath with a black median vitta, inter-

rupted on the venter between the segments. Length, 6 mm.

Head with six lines of black punctures, the lateral following the

margin, deflected about the eyes and ending in a black spot between

the ocellus and eye; beneath with a polished black spot before the

antennal base and a cluster of black punctures behind it. Pronotum

with a submarginal row of black punctures and a row about the

callosities, broken behind; posterior disk tinged with luteous, with

scattering coarse black punctures. Scutellum coarsely, sparsely

black-punctate, with a pale smooth spot within the basal angles and

a blackish subapical spot on either side. Elytra coarsely fusco-

punctate; membrane hyaline. Tergum black with a pale margin.

Antennae pale; segment II and base of III blackish above. Beneath

pale testaceous yellow with a broad lateral area of scattering black

punctures; stigmata black; median vitta on sternum and venter deep

black, on the venter broken into segmental spots that on segment II

extended anteriorly into a sutural vitta nearly attaining the con-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 2

nexivum; on other segments this line is indicated. Legs and rostrum

pale, the latter infuscated at tip which attains the hind coxae; basal

spine of abdomen reaching to between intermediate coxae.

Holotype, female, No. 2620, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, December 27, 1928, at Nan,

Siam.

This species approaches pundaluoyce Distant from Ceylon,

but seems to be sufficiently distinct.

Plascosternum tumidum Van Duzee, n. sp.

Closely allied to taurus, a little larger and darker, with the

same form of humeral angles ; cheeks tumidly elevated ; apex of

scutellum narrower and more produced, with a different form

of genital plates in the female. Length, 24 mm. ; width across

humeri, 18 mm.

Cheeks tumidly elevated; basal angle of the notch on the bucculse

prominent and acute, as is the caudal angle of the bucculae; these

angles rounded in taurus. Segment II of antennae distinctly shorter

than III, scarcely shorter in taurus (possibly a variable character),

III and IV equal. Mesosternal plate attaining middle of prosternum,

reaching to its base only in taurus. Apex of scutellum narrower and

more produced than in taurus, its length beyond apex of frenum one-

fifth greater than its width there, in taurus these measurements are

subequal. Venter with a shallow median groove. Basal genital plates

quite strongly produced on their median angle, leaving the hind

edge quite strongly sinuate, in taurus their hind edge is straight

across, with no extension of their inner angles; all the plates more

densely covered with pale hairs.

Color in the type darker than in taurus with a very slight pinkish

tinge, especially on the inner apical field of the corium and base of

the scutellum. Antennae pale, impunctate, the most of segment I, II

and III fuscous with pale incisures, IV and V black on apical half,

in taurus the antennae are coarsely punctate with brown and annulate

with brown at apex.

Holotype, female, No. 2621, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

by Professor Cockerell, January 17, 1928, at Pah Meeung,

Siam.

My material of taurus is from Java and is inadequate to show

the extent of variation normal to the species, but the charac-

ters enumerated seem sufficient to give the present form specific

standing. The Academy of Sciences has one male labeled

“Batavia, Java,” that has all the characters enumerated for this

new form applicable to the male, but the cheeks are less strongly

October, 1929] van duzee — oriental hemiptera 95

tumid. In this male the genital segment is deeply roundedly

excavated at apex. Length of this male, 17 mm.

Megymenum insulare Westwood

Thursday Island, March 15, collected by Miss Alice Mackie

and J. D. Foote. This species has the thoracic angles less

prominent than in subpurpurascens and the surface is opaque

black wanting the purple luster of that species.

coreid^:

Petilia calcar (Dallas)

Lonquang, Siam, December 23, one specimen collected by

Professor Cockerell.

Plinachtus sp.

Thursday Island, March 15, 1928 (T. D. A. Cockerell), one

example that is too mutilated for certain determination; the

genus, even, is in some doubt.

Leptocorisa acuta Thunberg

Mount Pah Meeung, Siam, January 17, 1928 (T. D. A.

Cockerell), one example.

REDUVIIDyE

Sphedanolestes trichrous Stal

Doi Sutep, Siam, February 10, 1928 (Miss Alice Mackie).

Stal described this beautiful red and black species from “India

Orientalis.” Distant did not know the species when he wrote

the Hemiptera portion of the Fauna of British India, and on

a cursory hunt I have not found it recorded elsewhere. The

present record places it definitely in Indo-China.

DERBIDyE

Paraproutista ceramensis Muir

Mount Pah Meeung, Siam, January 18, 1928 (T. D. A.

Cockerell), one example. Mr. Muir described the species from

the island of Ceram and from British New Guinea. The

present record extends its range to Indo-China.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph. D., Treasurer

Editor’s Comment

In Science for November 8, Professor G. F. Ferris raises the

question, in his usual forceful way, whether the expenditure

of so much money by the state and federal governments on

insect quarantine and eradication really pays. This query natur-

rally suggests a reply, and Professor Ferris’ own state furnishes

the best answer. Should the Mediterranean fruit fly become

established in this state the financial loss to the fruit growers

of the state, great as it would be, would not be all California

would pay. The real price would be paid by each man, woman

and child while picking the maggots out of the fruit they wished

to eat. True, these maggots are not poisonous and may be eaten

with impugnity, but not being insectivorous birds we do not

wish to eat them and the constant avoidance of them would

soon become intolerable. California, on account of its climate

and the extent of its fruit industries, is peculiarly susceptible

to injury by the fruit fly and other insect pests against which

this state is quarantined, and that they have been kept out for

so long is due to the honest and efficient enforcement of the

quarantine regulations established by our State Department of

Agriculture. The least we can do is to uphold them and not

hamper them by raising doubts in the minds of state officials

whose training has been along other lines.

Fourteen butterfly enthusiasts met in the Board Room of

the Mechanics’ Institute in San Francisco on October 26 and

organized a San Francisco Butterfly Club. Dr. L. I. Hewes

was elected chairman. Mr. J. E. Cottle told of his early experi-

ences in entomology, and the others present gave some account

of their interest in butterfly collecting and what had aroused

that interest. This was followed by an exhibition of interesting

specimens. Further meetings will be at the call of the Chair.

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For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

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Vol. VI

January, 1930

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

CRAMPTON, HEAD STRUCTURES OF STENOPELMATUS 97

CHAMBERLIN, ON SOME CENTIPEDS AND MILLIPEDS FROM UTAH AND

ARIZONA Ill

VAN DYKE, CORRECT NAMES OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF MELOE 122

VAN DUZEE, M. C., THREE NEW DOLICHOPIDS FROM CALIFORNIA AND

COLORADO 123

BRISLEY, OCCURRENCE OF THE WEEVIL PHYRDENUS MURICEUS IN ARIZONA 127

MARTIN, NOTES ON THE GENUS DIODYRHYNCHUS 129

USINGER, TWO NEW SPECIES OF VANDUZEEINA 131

CARTER, AN INSECT MIGRATION IN THE ARKANSAS VALLEY 133

LAWSON, THREE NEW LEAFHOPPERS FROM THE SOUTHWEST 135

BLACKWELDER, THE LARVA OF EUBRIANAX EDWARDSI 139

DOUDOROFF, A NEW ABERRATION OF EUCHLOE AUSONIDES ..... 143

EDITORIAL COMMENT 144

San Francisco, California

1930

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VI, No. 3. January, 1930

THE HEAD STRUCTURES OF THE ORTHOPTERON

STENOPELMATUS— A CONTRIBUTION TO THE

STUDY OF THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY

OF STENOPELMATUS

BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH.D.

Massachusetts A gricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

The main features of the head, thorax and abdomen of the

“sand cricket” Stenopelmatus will be discussed in three papers

dealing with the external anatomy of this extremely interesting,

primitive and common insect, which is exceptionally suitable

for anatomical study. The specimens used in this study were

given to me by Dr. S. B. Freeborn, to whom I am deeply

indebted for much valuable material.

Viewed from the front, the head capsule of Stenopelmatus

(Fig. 5) is somewhat oval in outline, and is markedly rounded

above. Its surface is quite hard and smooth, due, doubtless, to

the fact that the insect uses its head and stout mandibles in

digging. The huge muscle bundles inserted upon the inner

surface of the skull show through the rather transparent head

capsule in specimens preserved in alcohol and appear to divide

the surface of the head into symmetrically arranged areas, but

these have no especial value for the study of comparative

morphology. The coronal suture cs of Fig. 5 (representing

the stem of the Y-shaped epicranial suture) is rather faint, and

the frontal sutures fs (representing the arms of the Y-shaped

epicranial suture) are very indistinct; they extend just back

of and above the raised area or frontal prominence above the

letter f in Fig. 5.

The regions on each side of the coronal suture cs are

the parietals pa (Fig. 5). The temples te or areas above and

behind the eyes e are called the tempora. The cheeks, or

regions below and behind the eyes e are called the genae, ge.

Below each gena ge is a sclerite bm variously termed the basi-

mandibulare, mandibulare, and trochantin of the mandible. It

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

is demarked posteriorly by the basimandibular suture es which

extends mesad toward its fellow on the opposite side of the

head, but the two sutures do not meet in Stenopelmatus , as

they do in some Orthoptera in which the complete suture

extending across from one side to the other is called the

epistomal suture. In such cases that portion of the epistomal

suture between the frons f and the posterior clypeal region pc

is called the frontoclypeal suture, while the lateral portions

of the epistomal suture form the basimandibular sutures. In

Stenopelmatus , the sutures, labeled es in Fig. 5, mark the

location of the invaginations forming the anterior arms of

the tentorium, labeled pt in Fig. 6, and since the sutures es

correspond to the frontal pits of other insects (in which the

frontal pits mark the location of the invaginations forming

the anterior arms of the tentorium) they are also labeled fp to

denote this fact. The frons, or front, labeled f in Fig. 5, is the

area between the frontal sutures fs and the frontal pits fp. As

was mentioned above, the frons is sometimes separated from

the clypeus by a frontoclypeal suture (also called the clypeal

suture). The clypeus is composed of two areas, the postclypeus,

or epistoma pc, and the anteclypeus ac. The postclypeus pc is

usually more darkly pigmented, and the anteclypeus ac is usually

pale, resembling membrane in color. The suture between the

clypeus and the labrum l is called the clypeolabral suture, or

simply the labral suture. On the oral or pharyngeal surface

(i. e., roof of the mouth cavity) the boundary between the

labium and clypeus is marked by the tormae described later.

The term “epicranium” is used very loosely even by recent

entomologists. Thus Imms (1925) does not include the frons

in the epicranial area, while Comstock (1924) states that

“Under the term ‘epicranium’ are included all of the paired

sclerites of the skull and sometimes also the front.” Snodgrass

(1928) includes not only the frons but also the clypeus, etc.,

in the designation epicranium, and there seems to be no uni-

formity in the application of the term. If it be employed at

all, it is preferable to restrict the designation epicranium to

the paired sclerites and frons, but not including the clypeus, etc.

The designation vertex is also employed in various ways by

different entomologists, but it is preferable to restrict its appli-

cation to the upper portion of the head capsule, a vague area

JANUARY, 1930] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

on the top of the head, but not extending down the front of

the face, as Yuasa (1920) and others maintain.

The faintly demarked ring about the base of the antenna

(an of Figs. 5 and 11) is called the antennale. It bears an

antennifer, af of Fig. 11, or projection near the base of the

antenna, which is fairly large in some Orthopteroid insects, and

serves as a pivotal structure for the antenna in these insects.

The scape, sc of Fig. 11, is the large, broad, rather flat, basal

segment of the antenna. The next segment or pedicel pd and

the segment beyond it, or the postpedicel ppd, are subequal in

size. The postpedicel ppd is usually regarded as the first seg-

ment of the flagellum, or that portion of the antenna distal to

the pedicel pd. In the flagellum we may distinguish two main

types of segments, the brachy meres or short segments, and the

dolichomeres, or long segments. The brachymeres in turn con-

sist of long brachymeres labeled lb in Fig. 11, and short brachy-

meres labeled sb, while the dolichomeres consist of broad

dolichomeres bd, intermediate dolichomeres id and slender

dolichomeres sd (at the tip of the antenna). The scape of the

antenna is somewhat flattened to enable the antenna to lie close

to the head, when the antennae are laid back along the head to

get them out of the way during the digging operations of the

insect, and the compound eyes, e of Fig. 5, project slightly in

their dorso-mesal region so that the antennae can be laid back

above the eyes, and may be protected to some extent by the

projecting eyes (the antennae apparently have but little freedom

of movement basally, since the scape seems to move backward

and forward, but has not much lateral movement, so that the

eyes doubtless prevent straining the antennae basally by fur-

nishing some support for the scape when the latter is pressed

backward during the digging operations of the insect).

The compound eyes, e of Fig. 5, are situated rather far down

the sides of the head, and they are not very large. Our eastern

“cave cricket,” Ceuthophilus, exhibits a similar tendency toward

the reduction of the compound eyes, and even Grylloblatta,

which is very like the ancestors of all of these forms, has very

small eyes (see Crampton, 1926). The hiding habits of these

insects doubtless put a premium upon relatively small eyes

and correspondingly well developed antennae, and in insects

with hiding habits we frequently find the development of sen-

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

sitive antennae correlated with a reduction of the eyes, enabling

those forms which exhibit this tendency to establish themselves

in caves and similar situations more readily than other types

of insects. The reduction of the eyes is thus due not so much

to “disuse,” as it is to the fact that antennal development

(useful in the dark) is correlated with eye reduction. The

ocelli are vestigial or lacking (what appear to be very faint

traces of them can be barely made out) and in this respect

Stenopelmatus likewise resembles Ceuthophilus and Grylloblatta.

When the head is removed and is viewed from the rear, as

in Figs. 13 and 6, one may readily observe a large posterior

opening called the occipital foramen, or foramen magnum, ocf,

through which the gullet, nerve cord, etc., pass backward from

the head capsule into the neck and prothoracic region. On each

side of the foramen is a lateral sclerite po, or parocciput, which

is considered by Riley (1904) to be the pleural region of the

labial segment. It is separated by a rather pronounced groove,

the paroccipital groove, from the rest of the head capsule ; and

at the ventral end of the groove is located the gular pit, gp of

Figs. 6 and 12, which is formed by an invagination or inpush-

ing of the chitin to form a posterior arm of the tentorium pres-

ently to be described. Ventral to the gular pit, gp of Fig. 12,

is a paragular process, pap, over which a basal projection of the

maxillary cardo rides (i. e., the projection labeled d in Figs.

13, 10, etc.). The sclerite po bears an occipital condyle, occ of

Figs. 13 and 6, for articulation with the anterior end of the

lateral cervical or neck plate. The endocciput, eo of Fig. 13, is

an internal ridge formed by an infolding of the integument

between the sclerite po and the cranium proper. A dorsal par-

occipital tendon pat is attached near its dorsal portion, and

is a tendon of muscles extending to the thoracic region. The

sclerite, eoc of Fig. 13, is a demarked median dorsal region

called the euocciput or surocciput, and near its anterior margin

(internally) is attached a median dorsal tendon eot of a muscle

extending to the thoracic region. The sclerites po and eoc are

parts of the occiput, or occipital region of the head.

Lateral to the parocciput, po of Figs. 13, 6, 12, etc., is the

postgena pge which is separated from the gena ge by the post-

genal suture pgs. Ventrally, there is demarked in the postgenal

JANUARY, 1930] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

101

region a marginal area, the parastome or hypostoma pst, extend-

ing along the ventral edge of the posterior region of the head

capsule. This marginal area pst bordering the mouth region

posterolaterally is rather illy defined in Stenopelmatus , but in

certain beetles it forms an important sclerite. In this general

region are the projections pap of Fig. 12, over which the

process d of the cardo rides (Fig. 10), and the projection pp

(Figs. 13 and 3), which bears a cup-like acetabulum pga

(Fig. 3) for the posterior condyle of the mandible h.

The mandible has three principal surfaces best noted when

the mandible is removed and viewed basally (i. e., looking

down into its hollow interior), as in Fig. 2. The outer or lateral

surface bears a lateral prominence ep to which is attached the

extensor tendon et of the muscle opening the mandible, and the

outer surface (in section) forms the base of a triangle at the

apex of which is the mesally located structure gn of Fig. 2,

bearing the flexor tendon ftoi the muscles closing the mandible.

The ginglymus g (Fig. 2) is an anterior projection presently to

be described, and the condyle h is a posterior projection which

will be discussed later. From g to gn in Fig. 2 is the anterior

surface, and from h to gn is the posterior surface, and gn is

located at the base of the median ridge of the mandible, best

shown in Fig. 4. The endognath eg of Fig. 2 is a basal internal

shelf projecting inward and extending around the basal portion

of the mandible.

In Fig. 4 is shown a posterior view of the insect’s left

(sinistral) mandible; and seen in this view, the mandible

appears to taper distally (ventrally) to form the gnathapex ga.

Dorsal to this region, along the median ridge of the mandible,

is the grinding area or mola m of Fig. 4; and dorsal to the

mola is the brush or brustia br. At the base of the median

ridge of the mandible is the gnathite gn, which bears the flexor

(closing) tendon ft (compare gn and ft of Fig. 2). On the

opposite or outer surface of the mandible is the projection ep

bearing the extensor (opening) tendon et, behind which is the

condyle h (compare also ep and h of Fig. 2). On the posterior

surface of the mandible is the gnathal impress gs of Fig. 4,

or depression marking the position of an internal projection for

muscle attachment, etc.

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

If the basal region of the mandible shown in Fig. 2 is turned

back up in the normal position, as shown in Fig. 3, it will

be seen that the posterior condyle h fits into an acetabulum

pga borne on the process labeled pp in Figs. 3, 1, and 13; and

the anterior ginglymus g of Figs. 2, 3, etc., is received into a

niche or incision in the lateral margin of the postclypeus pc as

is shown in Figs. 3 and 1, where the incision is labeled ct. The

ginglymus g of Figs. 2 and 3 is likewise grooved, and fits over

a ridge (clypeothecal ridge) near the incision ct which receives

the projecting ginglymus, g. The epignath, or lateral promi-

nence ep of the mandible (see Fig. 2), dips beneath the basi-

mandibular sclerite bm of Fig. 1, when the mandible is opened

(see also Fig. 5) and its tendon et extends dorsad on the mesal

side of the anterior arm of the tentorium labeled pt in Fig. 3.

If a line is drawn between the points labeled g and h in Fig. 2,

it will be seen that the point of attachment of the extensor

tendon et borne on the prominence ep, lies outside of, or lateral

to this line between g and h (compare Fig. 4), so that when the

mandible rocks or pivots on the points g and h, a pull exerted

at the point ep of Fig. 2 would open the mandible; and since

the muscle opening the mandible need not be very powerful,

the tendon attached at this point is a slender one. When the

mandible pivots on the points g and h of Fig. 2, and a pull is

exerted at the point gn, the mandible would be closed; and since

the closing muscles must be very powerful for chewing food,

etc., the flexor tendon ft exerting a pull at gn is a hugely

developed tendon (see also Fig. 4). As is shown in Fig. 4, the

flexor tendon ft is not attached directly to the mandible itself,

but is borne on a sclerite-like structure, the gnathite gn, which

is itself attached to the mandible by a membrane.

In describing the parts of the maxilla, I have employed the

terminology used in a paper in which the maxillae were com-

pared throughout all of the orders of insects (Crampton, 1923) ;

and I would again call attention to the homologies pointed out

in this paper, since the facts brought out in the article in ques-

tion are completely ignored by recent entomologists who mis-

interpret the basal region of the stipes for the entire stipes in

the Coleoptera, and misidentify the parastipes of Orthopteroid

insects with the so-called subgalea described by coleopterists

who mistook the inflexed edges of underlying sclerites for

JANUARY, 1930 ] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

103

sutures in the plates situated above them in balsam mounts of

maxillae, and applied the designation subgalea to a supposed

area situated below the galea (or in reality dorsal to the galea)

wholly different from the parastipes here described. Since there

is not space here for a full discussion of the parts in different

insects, the reader is referred to the above-mentioned article

for a comparison of the parts in different insects, and the

reasons for the views concerning the homologies here accepted.

In Fig. 13 is shown a posterior view of the insect’s right or

dextral maxilla. The basimaxillary membrane, labeled b, con-

nects the maxilla with the labium (and with the hypopharyn-

geal region). The basal segment or cardo is divided by the

cardinal suture, cds of Figs. 10 and 13, into a basicardo be and

disticardo dc. An internal ridge or endocardo, ec of Fig. 8,

corresponding to the external cardinal suture, extends along the

inner face of the cardo and serves to strengthen the cardo and

likewise offers a point of attachment to certain of the muscles

inserted upon the inner surface of the cardo. The cardoprocess,

cp oi Figs. 8 and 10, is an inner process to which the cardo

tendon ctn is attached. This tendon enables the extensor or

opening muscles of the maxilla to exert a pull at the point cp,

while the region under the process, labeled d in Fig. 10, serves

as a fulcrum or pivotal point in opening the maxilla. The

process, labeled d in Figs. 10 and 8, rides over the ridge pap of

Fig 12, while the process cp lies on the inner side of the ridge

pap, so that the process cp of Fig. 10 is not visible from the

exterior, while the process d of Fig. 10 is visible from the

exterior, as is shown in Fig. 13.

The endostipes est of Fig. 8 is an internal ridge which serves

to strengthen the walls of the stipes, and furnishes attachment

for certain of the muscles which serve to close the maxilla, or

to draw it toward the labium. The endostipes est of Fig. 8

corresponds to the external parastipital suture which demarks

the parastipes ps of Fig. 13. The parastipes ps is not homolo-

gous with the so-called subgalea, although MacGillivray and

others have mistakenly supposed that these two sclerites are

the same. In many Coleoptera, Dermaptera, certain Gryllotal-

pids, etc., the stipes s of Fig. 13 is divided into a basal region

and a distal region ds, but in Stenopelmatus the basal region

is not demarked, although the distal region ds is faintly'

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

demarked by a somewhat indistinct suture. The region ds is

external to the point of attachment of the laciniatendon It of

Fig. 8, or the internal tendon attached to the base of the

lacinia la. When this tendon exerts a pull upon the lacinia the

lacinia apparently pivots upon the end of the endostipital ridge

est of Fig. 8, although the lacinia does not seem to be very

mobile. An anterior view of the lacinia is shown in Fig. 9, in

which the tooth-like processes of the lacinia are labeled Id, the

lacinia-mobilis-like process is labeled lii, and the lacinial fringe

is labeled gf. The basigalea bg and distigalea dg, or basal and

distal segments of the galea, are more clearly demarked in the

anterior region shown in Fig. 9 than in the posterior region

shown in Fig. 13. The palpifer pf of Fig. 13 is fairly clearly

demarked, and the maxillary palpus mp which it bears is com-

posed of the five segments typical of lower insects. The fifth

segment bears a sensory area which is stippled in Fig. 13.

The labium is shown in Fig. 13. The glossae gl are fairly

well developed, and the glossae with the paraglossae pgl are

borne on the glossigers gg, which in turn are borne at the distal

ends of the sclerites li, which represent the labial stipites, while

the glossse and paraglossae represent the laciniae and galae of the

labium. Basolaterad of the sclerites li are the palpigers pg,

which correspond to the maxillary palpi fers and bear the palpi

Ip which are reduced to three segments in the labium of Orthop-

teroid insects. The sclerites representing the maxillary cardines

are vestigial, although some investigators maintain that the

mentum mn represents the united cardines, while others think

that the cardines are represented by the submental region. The

mentum mn is distinct and quite well developed in Stenopel -

matus, and is somewhat suggestive of the mentum of a cricket.

The submentum sm and gula gu, though differing in color, are

merely regions of a single plate in most Orthopteroid insects,

and the gula gu is not united with the head capsule in Steno-

pelmatus, although the gular pits gp of Fig. 12 are situated

near the gula gu. The gular pits gp are the mouths of the

invaginations forming the posterior arms of the tentorium

presently to be described. The postgular plate pgu of Fig. 13

is a ventral cervical plate, which will be described in discussing

the neck region of Stenopelmatus.

JANUARY, 1930] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

105

In Fig. 6 the labium has been removed and the parts of the

tentorium are shown as though cleared of the muscles and

other concealing structures, which were removed by boiling in

10 per cent caustic potash. The gular pits, which were men-

tioned above, are labeled gp in Fig. 6. The invaginations from

the gular pits form the posterior arms of the tentorium, which

unite to form the eutentorium or body of the tentorium, labeled

eu in Fig. 6, and they also form the posterior arch, labeled p

in Fig. 6. Behind the arch p are the two posterior processes,

labeled pop, which bear the posttentorial tendons, labeled pot.

A deep emargination or incision, labeled nf in Fig. 6, forms the

neural incision, which apparently corresponds to the neuro-

foramen of the roach, etc. (see description by Crampton, 1925).

The anterior arms of the tentorium, labeled pt in Fig. 6, extend

backward from the frontal pits, fp of Fig. 5, and give off the

dorsal arms of the tentorium, labeled st in Fig. 6. At the distal

ends of the structures, labeled st, are borne the delicate struc-

tures, labeled dt in Fig. 6, which are apparently distal portions

of the dorsal arms of the tentorium.

The hypopharynx hp is shown in Fig. 15. The hypopharynx

of Stenopelmatus, like that of the roach figured by Crampton

(1925), is composed of a distal region dl, or distilingua, and a

basal region bl, or basilingua. The salivary glands, which are

not shown in Fig. 15, open in the ventrobasal region of the

basilingua, bl. The slender sclerite, labeled ll in Fig. 15, appar-

ently corresponds to the sclerite called the lingualora in the

roach, and the sclerite, labeled pi, corresponds to that called

the linguatendon in the roach. Since the sclerite pi is not exactly

a tendon, it is preferable to refer to it as the postlingua in

Stenopelmatus. The dorsal portion of the base of the hypo-

pharynx, labeled si in Fig. 15, lies below the posterior epi-

pharyngeal region, labeled poe in Fig. 15.

The regions labeled poe and pre in Fig. 15 are the posterior

and anterior regions of the epipharynx or portion of the roof

of the mouth. The posterior region poe is situated in the cly-

peal area, while the anterior region pre is situated in the labral

area. In Fig. 7 these areas of the epipharynx are shown in

an inner or buccal (pharyngeal) view of the labrum and clypeal

region. The tormse to of Fig. 7 demark the labrum from the

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

clypeus in this view. A narrow transverse sclerite it extends

between the tormae to and serves to demark the anterior epi-

pharyngeal region pre from the posterior epipharyngeal region

poe.

In discussing the relation of the maxilla to the underlip, it

should have been mentioned that the distal margin of the maxil-

lary membrane b merges into the distal margin of the sub-

mentum sm, as shown in Fig. 13. The attachment of the

basimaxillary membrane b may therefore be taken as a land-

mark for demarking the distal limits of the submentum in

Stenopelmatus and certain other insects. In higher insects,

however, this criterion for determining the distal limits of the

submental region does not hold good, so that this feature is not

of universal application (see discussion by Crampton, 1928).

The external anatomy of the thoracic and abdominal regions

will be discussed in another paper, since it is possible to devote

more space to the description of the parts, and more plates

to illustrating the anatomical details of the various regions, if

these are treated in a series of papers, instead of trying to

include the descriptions of all of the main external features

of Stenopelmatus in a single paper.

Bibliography

Comstock and Kochi, 1902. The Skeleton of. the Head of Insects,

Amer. Naturalist, Vol. 36, p. 13.

Comstock, 1924. An Introduction to Entomology.

Crampton, 1916-1928. 1916, A Comparative Study of the Maxillae

of the Acrididae, Phasmidae and Phylliidae, Psyche, 23, p. 83.

1917, A Phylogenetic Study of the Lateral Head, Neck and Pro-

thoracic Region in Some Apterygota and Lower Pterygota,

Ent. News, 28, p. 398. 1921, The Sclerites of the Head and the

Mouth Parts of Certain Immature and Adult Insects, Ann. Ent.

Soc. America, 14, p. 65. 1923, A Phylogenetic Comparison of

the Maxillae Throughout the Orders of Insects, Jour. N. Y. Ent.

Soc., 31, p. 77. 1925, The External Anatomy of the Head and

Abdomen of the Roach Periplaneta americana, Psyche, 32, p. 195.

1926, The Affinities of Grylloblatta Indicated by a Study of the

Head and Its Appendages, Psyche, 33, p. 78. 1928, The Eula-

bium, Mentum, Submentum and Gular Region of Insects,

Pomona Jour, of Ent. and Zoology, 20, p. 1.

JANUARY, 1930] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

107

Hosford, 1913. Segmentation of the Head of Insects, Kansas Univ.

Bull., 8, p. 65.

Imms, 1925. A General Textbook of Entomology.

Mangan, 1908. On the Mouth Parts of Some Blattidse, Proc. Roy.

Irish Acad., 27, p. 1.

Riley, 1904. The Embryological Development of the Skeleton of

the Head of Blatta, Amer. Nat., 38, p. 777.

Snodgrass, 1928. Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Head

and Its Appendages, Smiths. Misc. Collections, Vol. 81, No. 3,

p. 1.

Waterhouse, 1895. The Labium and Submentum in Certain Man-

dibulate Insects.

Wolter, 1883. Die Mundbildung der Orthopteren, Diss. Grief swald,

1883.

Yuasa, 1920. The Anatomy of the Head and Mouth Parts in Orthop-

tera and Euplexoptera, Jour, of Morphology, 33, p. 251.

Abbreviations

ac. Anteclypeus

af. Antennifer

an. Antennale

ant. Antenna

b. Basimaxillary membrane

be. Basicardo

bd. Broad dolichomeres of an-

tenna

bg. Basigalea

bgl. Basiglossa

bl. Basilingua

bm. Basimandibulare

bmm. Basimandibular membrane

br. Brustia

bs. Basiscape

c. Clypeus.

cds. Cardosuture

cp. Cardoprocess

cs. Coronal suture

ct. Clypeotheca

ctn. Cardotendon

d. Epicardo

dc. Disticardo

dg. Distigalea

dl. Distilingua

ds. Dististipes

dt. Distitentorium

e. Compound eye

ec. Endocardo

eg. Endognath

eo. Endocciput

eoc. Euocciput or surocciput

eot. Euoccipital tendon

ep. Epignath or extensor promi-

nence

es. Epistomal suture

esp. Endostipital process

est. Endostipes

et. Extensor tendon

eu. Eutentorium or body of ten-

torium

f. Frons or front

fp. Frontal pits or clefts

fs. Frontal sutures

ft. Flexor tendon

g. Ginglymus

ga. Gnathapex

ge. Gena

gf. Laciniafimbrium

gg. Glossiger (basiglossa)

gl. Glossa

gn. Gnathite

gp. Gular pits.

gs. Gnathal suture or impress

gu. Gula

h. Gnathocondyle or hypocondyle

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. VI, NO. 3

hp. Hypopharynx

id. Intermediate dolichomeres of

antenna

it. Intertorma

l. Labrum

la. Lacinia

lb. Long brachymeres of antenna

Id. Laciniadentes

li. Labiites or labial stipites

lii. Lacinula

11. Lingualora

lp. Labial palpus

It. Laciniatendon

m. Mola

md. Mandible

mn. Mentum

mp. Maxillary palpus

nf. Neuroforamen or neural in-

cision

occ. Occipital condyles

ocf. Occipital foramen or fora-

men magnum

p. Tentorial arch or trabecula

pa. Parietalia

pap. Paragular or paroccipital

process

pat. Paroccipital tendons

pc. Postclypeus or epistoma

pd. Pedicel

pf. Palpifer

pg. Palpiger

pga. Postgenal acetabulum

pge. Postgense

pgl. Paraglossse

pgs. Postgenal suture

pgt. Paraglossal tendon

pgu. Postgulare

pi. Postlingua or “linguatendon”

po. Parocciput

poe. Postepipharynx

pop. Posttentorial process

pot. Posttentorial tendon

pp. Postgenal process

ppd. Postpedicel

pre. Preepipharynx

ps. Parastipes

pss. Parastipital suture

pst. Parastomium

pt. Pretentorium

s. Stipes.

sb. Short brachymeres of antenna

sc. Scape

sd. Slender dolichomeres of an-

tenna

si. Dorsolingua (surlingua)

st. Supratentorium

te. Tempora

to. Tormae

Explanation of Plates

Fig. 1 — Lateral view of sinistral mandible, clypeus and labrum;

Fig. 2 — Dorsal view of base of sinistral mandible; Fig. 3 — Lateral

view of base of mandible and neighboring parts; Fig. 4 — Posterior

view of sinistral mandible; Fig. 5 — Frontal view of head; Fig. 6 — Pos-

terior view of tentorium and neighboring parts; Fig. 7 — Inner or

buccal view of labrum and clypeus; Fig. 8 — Inner surface of cardo

and stipes; Fig. 9 — Anterior view of lacinia and galea; Fig. 10 — Basal

portion of dextral maxilla (posterior view) ; Fig. 11 — Parts of

antenna; Fig. 12 — Posterior view of region at base of gular plate;

Fig. 13 — Posterior view of back of head; Fig. 14 — Anterior view of

glossse and paraglossae; Fig 15 — Lateral view of hypopharynx and

upper and lower lip, with most of the head capsule removed.

JANUARY, 1930] CRAMPTON STENOPELMATUS

109

Crampton. Head structures of Stenopelmatus. For explanation

see page 108 .

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Crampton. Head structures of Stenopelmatus. For explanation

see page 108 .

JANUARY, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

111

ON SOME CENTIPEDS AND MILLIPEDS FROM

UTAH AND ARIZONA

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah

These notes are based chiefly upon material collected in the

course of a field trip from the Department of Zoology of the

University of Utah to the western side of the Henry Moun-

tains during September, 1929. Collections were made en route

at several points, such as at Fish Lake, in Sevier County, and

at the Neff ranch in Horse Valley, Wayne County. A few

forms from other localities, such as Flagstaff and the Kaibab

Forest, Arizona, and St. George, Utah, are also included.

CHILOPODA

Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert

Utah : Capitol Wash, Wayne County. One specimen 9 mm.

long was taken by W. Gertsch on September 12.

The specimen lacks the anal legs, but agrees so closely in

other features that little doubt can exist as to its identity.

Oabius piutus Chamberlin

Utah : Horse Valley, Wayne County. One male.

This species was taken originally at Parowan in Iron County.

Pokabius utahensis (Chamberlin)

Utah: Fish Lake, Sevier County (September 4 and 5) ;

Butterfield Canyon, Salt Lake County (May, 1929).

This species is abundant at both these places under fallen

leaves, etc., along the stream courses. It is one of the com-

monest chilopods in the state.

Pokabius piedus Chamberlin, new species

A species of Pokabius sens. str. which resembles P. utahensis in

having only the last pair of coxae laterally armed. It is a larger form

most readily distinguished in the male by the form of the anal legs.

In these the fourth joint is widely longitudinally furrowed above

with the mesal side of this furrow limited by a ridge which at its

proximal end is produced dorsomesad into a process much as in

P. glia, but the process is longer and distally narrower. Unlike

P. utahensis and P. gilce the third joint is not produced at its distal

end opposite to or continuously with the process of the fourth

joint. Anal legs with dorsal spines 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; ventral spines,

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

0, 1, 3, 2, 0; coxa also laterally armed. Penult legs with dorsal

spines 1, 0, 2, 1, 1; ventral spines, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2, with three claws.

Coxal pores, 2, 2, 2, 2. Ocelli few, in two series; e. g., 1 + 4, 3, the

single ocellus close to the others.

Color of dorsum light brown, the last tergite and the frontal region

of head lighter; legs and antennae yellow.

Length, 11.5 mm. (male holotype).

Utah: St. George, Washington County. One male taken

April 3, 1929, by Lowell Woodbury.

Lophobius Franciscan Chamberlin

Utah: Fish Lake and Burrville, Sevier County (September

5 and 6) ; Panguich, Garfield County (A. M. Myers collection) ;

Henry Mountains, Wayne and Garfield counties.

This species seems to be abundant at all these places. In

the specimens from Fish Lake it was noted that the ventral

spines of the anal legs are either 0, 1, 3, 2, 1 or 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, the

latter formula being more frequent than in the type specimens

from Cedar City. It is plentiful in the Henry Mountains, above

King’s ranch, at the level of the yellow pines (e. g., at Pine

Springs).

Lophobius collium Chamberlin

Utah : Fish Lake (September 5), and Fruita (September 14),

Wayne County; Horse Valley and near Loa (September 6),

Wayne County ; Henry Mountains, especially at level of the

quaking aspens (September 10 and 11), Garfield County.

Abundant at all these places.

This species is common from Salt Lake County southward

as far as Bluff, San Juan County, especially under stones over

the open foothills and other nonwooded places.

Anobius centurio (Chamberlin)

Utah : Henry Mountains, at King’s ranch, base of moun-

tains. Common. Previously reported from San Juan County,

Utah, and New Mexico (type locality).

Bothropolys permundus Chamberlin

Utah : Butterfield Canyon, Salt Lake County. Found com-

mon in May, 1929.

Common in canyons of the Wasatch Mountains, especially

in the northern part of the state. It seems to be replaced

JANUARY, 1930] CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

113

farther south, as in Wayne County, by the next species,

Archethopolys parowanus.

Archethopolys parowanus Chamberlin

Utah: Fish Lake, Sevier County; Henry Mountains, at

several localities (e. g., Pine Springs, Willow Springs, and

other points above King’s ranch).

Apparently common in favorable places in Wayne and Gar-

field counties, where it is undoubtedly the prevalent large

lithobioid.

Archethopolys kaibabus Chamberlin, new species

A species closely related to A. gosobius occurring in San Juan

County, but much smaller in size and typically with only a single

prosternal tooth ectad of the diastemal seta instead of three or four,

the dental formula in the holotype being 1-6 + 6-1. In thus having

but a single tooth ectad of the diastema the species agrees with

A. parowanus, but the latter species has the claw of the genital for-

ceps of the female entire, whereas in the present species the claw

is tripartite, with the basal spines 3 + 3. Last two pairs of coxae

armed ventrally and laterally. Ventral spines of anal legs, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2,

the claw armed with two straight spines at base. Ocelli in a nar-

rowly elongate patch, arranged in three series; thus, 1 + 6, 5, 2.

Antennae consisting of twenty articles, moderate in length, reaching

upon the sixth dorsal plate.

Length, 18 mm., or a little less.

Arizona: Kaibab Forest, not far from the Utah border.

One female (holotype) and a male lacking anal legs, collected

by Lowell Woodbury on July 7, 1929.

The species of this group (Archethopolys) now known from

Utah and the adjacent parts of Arizona may be separated by

means of the following key.

a. Normally with two or more teeth ectad of diastemal bristle on

the prosternal margin.

b. Ventral spines of anal legs, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1; ectal teeth of pro-

sternum on each side, normally, two

A. bipunctatus (Wood)

bb. Ventral spines of anal legs, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0; ectal teeth on each

side of prosternum, normally, three or four

A. gosobius Chamberlin

aa. Normally with only one tooth ectad of diastemal bristle on each

side of prosternum.

b. Claw of genital forceps of female entire, acute; length,

21 mm. and above A. parowanus Chamberlin

bb. Claw of genital forceps of female more blunt, tripartite;

length, 18 mm ; A. kaibabus, new species

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Linot^nia chionophila (Wood)

Mill Creek Canyon, Salt Lake County (August, 1929) ;

Butterfield Canyon, Salt Lake County (May, 1929) ; Fruita,

Wayne County; Henry Mountains, Garfield County (e. g., at

Willow Springs and Pine Springs, September 10 and 11, 1929).

This species, common in Canada, Alaska, etc., is distributed

throughout Utah in the mountains, especially at middle and

upper elevations.

Geophilus glyptus Chamberlin

Utah : Butterfield Canyon, Oquirrh Mountains, Salt Lake

County (May, 1929).

This species was described originally from the Wasatch

Mountains, Salt Lake County, and is also known from the

State of Washington.

Geophilus piedus Chamberlin, new species

A species resembling G. rubens Say in having the frontal plate

discrete, the prebasal plate exposed, the last ventral plate very wide,

with two pits on each anal coxa covered by the last ventral plate.

It differs from that species, among other points, in having the

spiracles, excepting the last few, elliptic in shape instead of circular,

with the first two on each side much larger than the third, the second

not being much smaller than the first; in having the ventral pores

in a band along caudal border of plate strongly developed, this band

extending forward angularly at middle line; and in having the

number of pairs of legs much greater, seventy-nine in the holotype.

Dorsum lacking the geminate dark band showing typically in

G. rubens.

Length, 75 mm.

Utah: St. George. One male taken by Lowell Woodbury,

April 3, 1929.

Geophilus fruitanus Chamberlin

Utah : Horse Valley, Wayne County. One female.

Like the holotype, which was taken at Fruita, Wayne County,

in May, 1928, the present specimen has fifty-seven pairs of legs.

Gnathomerium xenoporus (Chamberlin)

Utah: Butterfield Canyon (May, 1929), and Mill Creek

Canyon (August, 1929), Salt Lake County; Fish Lake and

Burrville (September 4 and 6), Sevier County; Horse Valley

(September), and Fruita, Wayne County; Panguich (A. M.

Myers) and Henry Mountains (Willow Springs, Pine Springs

JANUARY, 1930] CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

115

and at level of quaking aspens, September 10 and 11), Garfield

County.

This species in Salt Lake County and other northern sections

of the state on the average has fewer pairs of legs (forty-five

to forty -nine) than those represented by the present collection

from more southern localities. In the latter the pairs of legs

range from forty-nine to fifty-three.

Navajona Chamberlin, new genus

Frontal suture absent. Prebasal plate covered. Dorsal plates bisul-

cate. Antennae short and filiform. A single clypeal area present, this

small and finely areolated. Labrum free, with the lateral pieces

meeting at the middle line, fringed throughout with long spinescent

processes. Outer branch of first maxillae distinctly biarticulate, each

bearing two membranous lappets of which the distal one, in the holo-

type, is the larger. Inner branch undivided, set off by a suture which

may be in part indistinct. Coxae completely fused. Coxae of the

second maxillae weakly united at middle by a more membranous

isthmus; pleurosternal sutures strongly developed; the pore opening

mesad of anterior end of suture through edge of sclerite; palpus

triarticulate, terminating in a simple claw, none of the joints with

processes.

Prehensors large, exposed at sides and projecting beyond front

margin of the head. Claw armed at base; femuroid armed distally

and the intermediate joints armed with weaker teeth or bosses.

Prosternum without chitinous lines; anterior margin unarmed. Ven-

tral pores absent. Anterior spiracles elliptic. Last ventral plate

wide. Coxopleurse but little inflated. Pores small and few in number.

Anal pores well developed. Anal legs clawless, consisting of only

five joints distad of coxae.

Genotype. Navajona miuropus, new species.

This genus differs from all other chilenophiloid genera in

having only five articles in the anal legs distad of the coxae. It

may be placed with reference to the other known North Ameri-

can genera of the group by means of the following key.

Key to North American Genera of the Chilenophilidae

a. Anal legs with an additional article replacing the claw.

b. Coxae of second maxillae broadly and completely fused

Telocricus Chamberlin

bb. Coxae of second maxillae separated or at most weakly

united by a membranous isthmus

JVatophilus Chamberlin

aa. Anal legs without such additional article, having only five or

six articles beyond coxopleurae; either with or without

claws.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

b. Lateral pieces of labrum overlapping the median piece

and meeting at middle line.

c. Anal legs with six articles beyond coxopleurae and

bearing claws.

d. No clypeal area present Gnathomerium Ribaut

dd. A clypeal area present Cryophilus Chamberlin

cc. Anal legs with only five articles beyond coxopleura,

clawless Navajona, new genus

bb. Lateral pieces of labrum not in contact at median line,

more or less widely separated by middle piece.

c. No ventral pores present T aiyuna Chamberlin

cc. Ventral pores in four areas N esidiphilus Chamberlin

Navajona miuropus Chamberlin new species

Body yellowish. Cephalic plate longer than wide nearly in ratio

3:2, a little wider anteriorly than posteriorly; lateral margins at

middle nearly straight, but the corners well rounded (see figure) ;

anterior margin somewhat arcuate; caudal margin nearly straight or

very slightly convex. Basal plate a little overlapped anteriorly by

the cephalic, its exposed area wider than long in the ratio 2.25:1.

Claws of prehensors when closed attaining anterior end of first

antennal article. Claw armed at base with a tooth of moderate size.

Femuroid armed near distal end with a rounded, somewhat distally

directed, tooth. The intermediate joints each with a small, rounded

nodular tooth or boss. Anterior margin of prosternum unarmed,

mesally emarginate. Prosternum nearly equal in length and breadth.

Median length 1.7 times greater than length of femuroid on its ectal

side. Paired sulci of tergites deeply impressed. Anterior ventral

plates with a deeply impressed median longitudinal sulcus, this

becoming shallower toward posterior region and finally disappear-

ing. No ventral pores detected. Anterior spiracles vertically elliptic,

the first abruptly much larger than the second; those of middle and

posterior regions circular. First legs much smaller than the second.

Last ventral plate broad, narrowed caudad (trapeziform) ; the caudal

margin shallowly incurved mesally; sides convex, converging more

strongly over posterior part of length than over anterior. Pores of

coxae simple, small, few in number, six or seven arranged in a cir-

cular line with mesal two or three covered by last ventral plate.

Anal legs somewhat crassate, thickest near middle of length, the last

article distally rounded, wholly lacking any trace of claw. Anal

pores conspicuous. Pairs of legs in holotype, fifty-one. Length,

30 mm.

Arizona: Flagstaff. One male taken in May, 1929.

ScOLOPENDRA POLYMORPH A Wood

Utah: Fruita and Horse Valley, Wayne County; Henry

Mountains, at and near King’s ranch. Common.

This species is distributed throughout Utah as far north as

Salt Lake County. The specimens from the northern part of

JANUARY, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

117

the state are smaller and less brightly colored than those from

the south. The Wayne, Garfield County, specimens are large

and have the tergites conspicuously banded across the posterior

borders as in typical Arizona and California specimens.

Diplopoda

Parajulus tiganus Chamberlin

Utah : Mill Creek and Butterfield canyons, Salt Lake County

(August and May, 1929) ; Fish Lake, Sevier County (Sep-

tember 4 and 6).

Undoubtedly the most abundant member of the genus in the

state.

Parajulus paiutus Chamberlin

Utah: Fish Lake, Sevier County; Weber Canyon, Summit

County, where it occurs along with the commoner P. tiganus.

Previously known from Parowan and Cedar City, Iron

County, and Zion National Park, Washington County.

Parajulus sp.

Utah : Henry Mountains, Garfield County.

Specimens of a species of Parajulus were collected in the

Henry Mountains at Willow Springs and other points, but the

vials containing them have been misplaced or lost. Only one

specimen, a not fully mature male is available at this time.

Piedolus Chamberlin, new genus

Related to Atopetholus and allied spiroboloid genera of the south-

eastern United States. It is like Atopetholus in having the first three

pairs of legs crassate in the male; but the claws are not dispro-

portionately enlarged or hypertrophied, being obviously shorter than

the last tarsal joint, the next three pairs of legs less crassate, and

all others normal. Unlike Atopetholus, it has the coxae of the third

legs with processes much more developed than in the following legs,

these processes being chitinous, smooth falcate or subuncate blades.

Coxae of fourth, fifth and sixth legs compressed in the caudo-cephalic

direction, and projecting ventrad at ends but little. Collum with

lateral ends acute, and with anterior margin incurved on each side

opposite level of eye. Anal valves with mesal margins meeting in

a groove, not compressed or elevated.

Telopodite of anterior gonopods exceeding the coxal plate, a little

produced at mesodistal angle. Posterior gonopods with telopodite

furcate or biramous, the branch carrying the duct slender, the other

laminate.

Genotype. Piedolus utus Chamberlin.

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Piedolus utus Chamberlin, new species

Color in general deep brown or almost black, the segments lighter

beneath; head and anal segments uniform in color except for a

median pale line above clypeal incision; legs and antennae con-

colorous with body.

Clypeal foveolae 5 + 5. Median sulcus extending across vertex

and down to level of antennae where it is furcate, the divergent

branches only obscurely impressed. Lower angle of collum on each

side a little rounded; anterior border margined from the angle up

to level opposite the eye.

Segments transversely constricted or furrowed in front of level

of spiracles; smooth, scarcely at all sculptured, the surface eaudad

of constriction obscurely and very finely punctate. Anal valves

inflated, not at all compressed, equaling the last dorsal plate. Last

dorsal plate caudally widely rounded; transversely depressed near

middle of length.

In the male the slender coxal processes of the third legs curve

eaudad to or just beyond the coxae of the fifth legs. Gonopods as

represented in the accompanying figure. Number of segments, 44.

Length, about 30 mm.; diameter, 3 mm.

Utah: St. George. One male taken April 3, 1929, by Lowell

Woodbury.

Brachydesmus henriensis Chamberlin, new species

Typically the body is light brown above and over the sides; the

venter, including basal joints of legs, lighter, yellowish or sometimes

whitish. The head brown above, but in clypeal region and up to or

a little above level of antennae paler, yellowish. Legs light brown,

the antennae, except proximally, darker, the joints sometimes pale

at distal ends.

Collum not quite as wide as head inclusive of cardines, and decid-

edly narrower than the second tergite; lateral and anterior margins

together forming an even, subsemicircular curve, this margin with

typically eighteen distinct, setigerous teeth.

In the other tergites the keels are nearly horizontal, the lateral

ends of the most posterior ones a little upturned. Second tergite

obviously wider than the head; keels bent forward; anterior margin

of keel smooth; lateral margin with two large, setigerous teeth

between a small one at anterior corner and a larger one at posterior

corner; caudal margin of keel with two teeth. Keels of subsequent

tergites more nearly transverse, those of middle and posterior regions

entirely so; all with marginal teeth arranged as in the second.

Anterior margins of keels from fourth to seventh with one or two

minute serrations proximad of corner tooth. Keels of seventeenth

and eighteenth tergites shortened and with caudal angles produced

JANUARY, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

119

Navajona miuropus, new species. Top figures: left, caudal end,

ventral view (x 62); right, prehensors, ventral view (x 27). Middle

figure: second maxillae (x 62). Bottom figures: right, second maxillae

(x 62); middle, anterior end, dorsal view (x 27); left, last eleven

articles of left antenna (x 27).

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Top figures: Dorsal view of anterior end and ventral view of pre-

hensors of Geophilus fruitanus Chamberlin (x 39). Middle figure:

Telopodite of left posterior gonopod (x 40) of Piedolus utus, new

species. Right figure at bottom, gonopods, anterior view (x 32).

Left figure at bottom, left gonopod of male, subventral view, of

Brachydesmus henriensis , new species (x 40).

JANUARY, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN MYRIAPODA

121

moderately caudad of caudal margin of tergite. Tubercles of the

three transverse rows well developed, all setigerous.

Gonopods of male conspicuously exposed. The telopodite bent

forward in the excavation and then ventrocephalad between bases of

legs of the preceding body segment. Basal segment of each gonopod

swollen into a thick, rounded rampart ectad of excavation in which

telopodite arises. Telopodite ending distally in a long, slightly

sinuous or sigmoidal process which is acute distally, this terminal

process with a minute tooth at base on subectal side and with a thin,

rounded lamina on mesal side as shown in the accompanying figure.

Length, 12 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. (male holotype).

Utah: Henry Mountains, above King’s ranch. Taken among

rocks at level of the quaking aspens on slopes of Mount Ellen.

Many specimens.

Spirostrephon utorum Chamberlin

Utah: St. George, Washington County, one female taken

April 3, 1929, by Lowell Woodbury.

Previously known from Emery, Wayne, and San Juan

counties.

Underwoodia tida Chamberlin

Utah: Butterfield Canyon, Oquirrh Mountains, Salt Lake

County (May, 1929).

Many specimens, of which all but one are females. A similar

disproportion of the sexes has been noted in other species of

this genus. Described originally from Loga, Cache County.

TWO CORRECTIONS

On page 15 of this volume the name Diceratothrips brevi-

tubus Moulton, n. sp., should read Trybomia brevitubus

Moulton, n. sp.

On page 57 of this volume the Miscellaneous Studies in the

Coleoptera, by Dr. Blaisdell, should have been Number Four

instead of Number Three.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

The Correct Names of Certain Species of North

American Meloe (Meloid.e, Coleoptrea)

Soon after the appearance of my paper , 1 dealing with the

species of Meloe in this country, Mr. K. G. Blair of the British

Museum informed me that we in America had apparently never

properly understood certain of the species described by Leach

and Kirby in spite of the fact that supposedly both LeConte

and Horn had examined the types which are now in the British

Museum. Mr. Blair very kindly sent me typical specimens

compared with these types as well as carefully compared some

of my specimens with the same. As a result of these careful

comparisons we are forced to make the following changes in

regard to the species listed in my work :

Meloe americanus Leach, (not americanus of American

authors) = Meloe moerens LeConte, the latter an absolute

synonym of the former.

Meloe impressus Kirby == Meloe americanus of my work

and of American authors generally. The type of impressus is

somewhat abnormal, having a very short prothorax; but it

otherwise agrees. Inasmuch as this species is a very variable

one, particularly as regards the proportions of the prothorax,

both Mr. Blair and I agree that it is better to retain the name

impressus for all of the variable forms of the more Eastern

species rather than to limit the name to an abnormal form and

coin a new subspecific name for the usual forms with the pro-

thorax more elongate. My subspecies occidentalis will, there-

fore, rank as a subspecies of impressus Kirby.

Meloe niger Kirby = Meloe impressus of my work and of

American authors generally. Mr. Blair found that the niger

and impressus of Kirby were as indicated above, two very dis-

tinct species, not mere phases of one species as we have believed

in this country. — Edwin V. Van Dyke.

i A reclassification of the genera of North American Meloidal (Coleop-

tera) and a revision of the genera and species placed in the tribe Meloini

found in America north of Mexico, together with descriptions of new 1

species. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., Vol. IV, No. 12, pp. 395-474, pi. 15-19

(1928).

JANUARY, 1930] VAN DUZEE DOLICHOPODIDiE

123

THREE NEW DOLICHOPIDS FROM CALIFORNIA

AND COLORADO (DIPTERA)

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo , New York

Pelastoneurus latifacies Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 5 mm. Face very wide, silvery white, the

suture near the middle, upper part concave, lower part quite

bulging and cut off straight at lower edge; palpi black, covered

with white pollen; front velvety black along the orbits, opaque

reddish brown in middle, which color extends to the orbits at

vertex; antennae and orbital cilia wholly black, arista feathered

with rather stout, short hairs, which are about as long as longest

hairs on second antennal joint.

Thorax and abdomen black, latter with coppery reflections

and spots of white pollen on sides of segments, last segment

wholly white pollinose; thorax with large triangles of white

pollen at the sutures, but this pollen is not silvery ; hypopygium

large, black, its lamellae black, somewhat oval, fringed with

long hairs, the lowest of the inner appendages are a pair of

rather slender, black, somewhat clavate organs with several

long, stiff hairs at tip.

Coxae, femora and tibiae black, knees narrowly yellow; fore

and middle femora with a row of black hairs below, those on

anterior pair half, on middle ones one- fourth as long as width

of femora; fore tarsi black above with white hairs, below yellow

for half or more of their thickness ; middle and hind tarsi

wholly black; fore tibiae and tarsi of equal length, joints of

fore tarsi as 25, 16, 14, 12, 9; first two joints of hind tarsi as

43, 52. Calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of former black.

Wings almost hyaline, cross-vein and last section of fourth

vein a little clouded with brown, the latter bent at or a little

beyond basal third ; apical part straight ; third vein a very little

bent back at tip ; costa not enlarged.

Female. Face very wide, opaque golden brown, lower part

narrowly white pollinose along the orbits, suture above the

middle; front metallic, partly shining; thorax black with slight

purple reflections ; abdomen shining green with coppery reflec-

tions on posterior part of segments; all coxae black; femora

yellow, more or less blackened at extreme base, middle ones

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. VI, NO. 3

with a row of black hairs below ; middle and hind tibiae sharply

black at base ; fore tarsi colored, as in the male ; wings about as

in the male but the brown cloud on fourth vein forms a small,

indistinct spot at the bend; last section of fifth vein one and a

half times as long as cross-vein.

Described from one pair, taken by the author, in 1926, holo-

type, male, at Lower Lake near Clear Lake, California, May 11 ;

allotype, female, at Konocti Bay, Clear Lake, May 10.

Types in the author’s collection.

Dolichopus subcostatus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 5.5 mm. Face wide, white, very slightly

yellowish, especially above ; front shining blue green ; antennae

yellow, third joint about as long as wide, largely blackish,

obtusely pointed; lower orbital cilia yellowish, the black cilia

descending, almost one -third of the eye height.

Dorsum of thorax green with blue reflections and with a

median coppery vitta, also a little coppery along the sid^s.

Abdomen coppery with green reflections on the sides ; hypo-

pygium black, its lamellae rather large, somewhat oval, white

with apical margin narrowly black, jagged and bristly.

Fore coxae, femora and tibiae wholly yellow ; middle and hind

coxae yellow, blackened on outer surface ; hind femora ciliated

on middle half of lower posterior edge with yellow hairs, which

are longer than width of femora; fore tarsi yellow, black from

middle of third joint, third and fourth joints fringed above with

long black hairs ; middle and hind tarsi black from tip of first

joint, middle basitarsi with a large bristle above at apical third.

Calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of former black.

Wings grayish; costa deep black, distinctly thickened from

just before the tip of first vein, gradually tapering to normal

size, but rather strong to its tip ; last section of fourth vein bent

before its middle at a right angle, with a stump vein at the

bend ; upper bend also a right angle and scarcely at all rounded,

third vein considerably bent back at tip, so as to approach

fourth; last section of fifth vein a little longer than the cross-

vein; anal angle of wing prominent.

Described from one male, taken by E. P. Van Duzee, June 17,

1929, at Big Pine, Inyo County, California. Holotype No. 2622,

California Academy of Sciences.

JANUARY, 1930 ]

VAN DUZEE DOLICHOPODIDiE

125

This species belongs to the closely related group which

includes longipennis Loew, sarotes Loew, cuprinus Wiederman,

and absonus Van Duzee, Cole and Aldrich, all of which have

the fore tarsi formed nearly alike, the last two also have the

venation almost like this form ; the fore tarsi are formed almost

as in cuprinus. It differs from all these species in having the

costa gradually tapering from the thickest part which is at tip

of first vein, and, although the costa is fully as much thickened

as in any of the other forms, it leaves the front line of costa

straight ; in the others where the costa is thickened it is a little

bulged outward at the thickened part.

Dolichopus nigroapicalis Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 4 mm. Face rather narrow, its sides par-

allel, face and palpi covered with yellow pollen, which is rather

pale; front shining green with bronze reflections; antennae

yellow, rather long, third joint a little blackened above (the tip

broken off in type); arista dorsal, black; lower orbital cilia

yellow, the bristles blunt at tip.

Dorsum of thorax dark green, almost blackish, with coppery

reflections, shining, a little dull when viewed obliquely. Ab-

domen shining, coppery, hairs black, sides with very little

pollen; hypopygium black, of normal size, lamellae oval, about

as long as wide, with a short petiole at base ; white with a black

border; bristly and jagged at outer corner.

Fore coxae wholly yellow with small black hairs; middle and

hind coxae black with narrow yellow tips; femora and tibiae

yellow, posterior tibiae very narrowly but quite sharply black

at tip; middle tibiae very slender, base normal, upper surface

with silvery pollen and with a narrow black line which does

not reach the base and is wholly concealed by the silvery pollen

when viewed obliquely (tip of the only middle tibia left on

type is broken off) ; one bristle on upper anterior surface near

base ; fore tibiae with one bristle on lower posterior surface near

basal third and two large ones on upper anterior surface of

basal third ; hind tibiae narrowly black at extreme tip, the black

quite sharply defined, with one bristle at apical fourth of lower

anterior surface; fore tarsi black from tip of first joint, hind

ones wholly black; joints of fore tarsi as 37, 18, 14, 8, 7;

first four joints of hind tarsi as 47, 40, 28, 18. Calypters yellow,

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

their cilia mostly black, but many of the hairs yellow ; halteres

yellow.

Wings grayish; veins dark brown, yellow at root of wing;

third vein a little bent back at tip ; last section of fourth vein

bent quite sharply before its middle ; last section of fifth vein

twice as long as cross-vein.

Female. Face wide, gray pollinose ; palpi yellow with black

hair and one black bristle; antennae yellow, third joint mostly

blackish, about as long as wide, obtusely pointed; anterior and

posterior tibiae about as in the male; middle tibiae normal, their

tips slightly brownish, a large bristle near apical fourth of

lower anterior surface and several bristles above; middle tarsi

wholly black; venation of wings and body color about as in

the male.

Described from one pair, taken by E. C. Van Dyke, July 13

and 14, 1926, at Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, 9000 feet elevation.

Holotype, male, No. 2623, allotype, female, No. 2624, Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences.

Doctor Herbert J. Pack

In the death of Doctor Herbert J. Pack, which occurred at

Logan, Utah, January 5, 1930, the biologists of the State of

Utah lost an energetic fellow worker and a genial friend. Bom

in 1893, he received his bachelor’s degree at the Utah State

Agricultural College in 1912, and his master’s degree from

the same institution in 1923. Following this, he attended

Cornell University for two years, receiving the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in 1925. He returned to the Utah Agri-

cultural Experiment Station as associate entomologist, and in

1926 was appointed station entomologist. For many years his

principal interest was herpetology, in which field he published

a number of papers. At the time of his death he was endeavor-

ing to complete the work on several problems, the material for

which was almost ready for publication, and plans are being

made for the work to be finished and published at a later date.

Doctor Pack was a member of the American Association of

Economic Entomologists, Entomological Society of America,

American Academy of Sciences, and the Utah Academy of

Sciences.

JANUARY, 1930]

BRISLEY PHYRDENUS

127

OCCURRENCE OF THE WEEVIL PHYRDENUS

MURICEUS (GERM.) IN ARIZONA

BY HAROLD R. BRISLEY

Judging from the results of an infestation of this weevil in

a field of eggplants ( Solarium melongena L.) during the

summer of 1929, I am confident that, should the species become

established here, its ravages would prevent the growing of egg-

plant on a commercial scale, unless adequate control measures

could be devised.

Specimens which I collected were sent to Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke and Dr. H. C. Fall for identification. Through their

efforts it was determined as the species mentioned above.

Furthermore Dr. Van Dyke advises that this is the first report

of the occurrence of the species in Arizona since Casey

described it in 1892, under the name Phyrdenus bullatus. Later

this was placed by Champion as a synonym of Phyrdenus muri-

ceus (Germ.). Probably the only other specimens now in

collections in this country are the Casey types. A somewhat

extended description of the habits and results produced by the

species should be of value in enabling other entomologists and

field men to recognize this species when encountered.

The field in which I discovered the infestation is located on

the banks of Oak Creek, a well-known trout stream in central

Arizona, near the Page Fish Hatchery. About a dozen rows

of eggplants were growing in a truck garden area. Adjacent

to the eggplants were growing tomatoes, peppers, turnips, and

several other varieties of truck crops. A close search revealed

that none of the other varieties were infested, nor was the weed

thorn apple ( Datura meteloides) , which is a close botanical

relative of the eggplant and harbors many of the common egg-

plant insects.

August 2 was the first time that I saw the plot in question.

The owner advised that the plants had been growing in a per-

fectly normal manner until about ten days prior to my visit.

This statement was borne out by the size and general thrift of

the planting. On this day about 25 per cent of the plants

showed definite wilting and, after a month had elapsed, 75 per

cent of the planting had been rendered worthless. On August 2

all stages of the insect transformation were present. The eggs

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

were found in the soil near the underground stem and close

to the ground line. The white grubs were feeding on the roots

to a depth of three inches, and many were partly buried in the

tissue of the underground stems. The pupae were in small

earthen cells which would readily break open when the plant

was uprooted. The adults are hard to find but were finally dis-

covered at the base of the plants, feeding on the stems at the

ground line. Their color is so like that of the earth that I passed

over many of them without notice until I discovered that the

small pebbles I was looking at were in reality the adult insects.

The adults do not feed on the leaves, fruit, or stems above

ground, as is usually the case with weevils whose young are

root feeders, but limit their activities to the stem at the ground

line. Their feeding punctures are relatively small and would

probably cause little injury if not accompanied by the much

more severe injury caused by the young. The effect on the

plant is much more severe than in the case of the Jimson

weed borer ( Trichobaris compacta Casey), which is often

found boring in the stems of eggplant in this locality. In the

case of Phyrdenus the plants have more the appearance of

gopher injury. It takes only about a week from the time that

wilting is first apparent for the top to become dead and dry.

Observations would indicate that so far the infestation is

very limited in extent. About one hundred yards distant was a

field of about an acre of eggplants. I watched this area closely

throughout the season and found no Phyrdenus infestation,

though later in the year many plants were rendered worthless

by the borings of Trichobaris compacta.

Phyrdenus appears to have only one brood each year, for

on September 14 all larvae, pupae and live adults, had dis-

appeared. The few adults found at the base of the plants were

dead. No live adults were in evidence during the remainder of

the season.

JANUARY, 1930] MARTIN DIODYRHYNCHUS

129

NOTES ON THE GENUS DIODYRHYNCHUS SCH.

WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

(COLEOPTERA)

BY J. 0. MARTIN

Berkeley, California

The genus Diodyrhynchus of Schoenherr 1 has remained since

1880 2 with but a single North American species ( byturoides

Lee.) which was described from the Sierra Nevada of Cali-

fornia. From an examination of a series of nine males and

eleven females of byturoides, all taken in the Sierras, and in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences, I record the

following observations on the sexual characters in the above

species. In the males the prothorax is noticeably narrower than

the base of the elytra, while in the females it is fully as wide.

The beak of the female is more curved and stouter than that

of the male. The male thorax is widest at about the middle,

while that of the female is widest at about the basal third and

not at base as stated by Dr. Le Conte. The underside of the

body of the females is piceous with the exception of the anal

segment, while all of the males are testaceous above and below.

In some instances the females are, with the exception of the

prothorax, entirely black, but I have seen no males thus colored.

The most important sexual difference is to be noted on the

third and fourth abdominal segments on each of which are two

large, shallow punctures or pits, one on each side of the median

line, and from which extends a pointed brush of white hairs.

This genus may at once be separated from Rhynomacer by

the way the beak joins the front. In Rhynomacer the front

rises from the beak at a much greater angle. In Diodyrhynchus

the front is in almost the same plane and only a slight sinuation

marks the separation.

In the L. S. Slevin collection, recently presented to the

Academy, I find a series of twenty- four specimens evidently

belonging to this genus and representing an undescribed species.

Mr. Slevin informs me that they were taken on the beach at

Carmel, California, where they were washed up by the waves

in company with numerous specimens of a species of Rhyno-

1 Gen. Sp. Cure., 1833, Tome I, p. 240.

2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1880, p. 215.

130 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

macer. A majority of the specimens were taken in February,,

which is about the normal season for the Monterey pines to

be in blossom, and I suspect that this species, like Rhynomacer,

is a pine-blossom feeder and in flight falls into the water.

Diodyrhynchus slevini Martin, sp. nov.

Elongate oblong-oval, convex, testaceous throughout except that

in the female the thoracic and abdominal segments are piceous.

Head obscurely, coarsely punctate with rather coarse long, white

decumbent hairs on the front between the eyes which grow shorter,

finer and more scattered toward the vertex; the punctuation of the

beak is more definite, hairy on the sides but not on the upper surface

which is flat and without grooves or carina, the beak is more quad-

rate in cross section than in byturoides and, like that species, the

female beak is more curved. Eyes black, prominent, finely faceted.

Prothorax rather coarsely and moderately punctate, less so on the

disk, with long decumbent white hairs on the sides, becoming finer

and more scattered toward the base; narrower than base of elytra

in the male but fully as wide in the female, widest just before the

middle in the male and at basal third in female, in which sex there

is a slight longitudinal depression above the median line. On the

female prothorax behind the eyes is an elevated area which extends

downward along the border with blunt tooth-like granulations which

vary considerably in size and shape in different specimens, the

toothed portion being immediately behind the eyes. Elytra more

densely punctate than the prothorax with long, white decumbent

hairs on the sides becoming shorter and finer toward the suture; in

the female there is a shallow, curved, oblique depression starting

near the humeral angle and extending beyond basal third to the

suture where it is broadest and deepest; this depression is present

but less pronounced in the males. Sternum, abdomen and legs with

sparse white decumbent hairs.

On the fourth abdominal segment of the male on the median line

is a single large shallow pit or puncture with a pointed brush of

white hairs, which is entirely lacking in the female. Length,

3 to 4 mm.

Type : Male, No. 2625, and allotype, female, No. 2626, in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

Diodyrhynchus slevini differs from byturiodes Lee. by its

smaller size, its longer, coarser and more irregular hairs, as

well as by the single abdominal brush in the male, and the

roughened prothoracic area behind the eyes in the female which

are not present in byturoides.

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. L. S. Slevin,

whose careful collecting has done so much to make known the

interesting insect fauna of the Monterey peninsula.

JANUARY, 1930]

USINGER VANDUZEEINA

131

TWO NEW SPECIES OF VANDUZEEINA FROM

CALIFORNIA (SCUTELLERID2E, HEMIPT.)

BY R. L. USINGER

Oakland, California

The material used in the preparation of this paper was kindly-

loaned to me by Mr. E. P> Van Duzee from the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences except for two specimens

which were submitted to me for determination by Mr. A. T.

McClay. Mr. Van Duzee has very kindly read the manuscript

and made several valuable suggestions.

Vanduzeeina aenescens Usinger, n. sp.

Near balli Van D., but covered with a long brown pubes-

cence ; head distinctly bronzed ; pronotum narrower with the

sides more nearly parallel and rectilinear. Length, 5 to 6 mm.

Head more narrowed anteriorly than in balli; tylus tumid, surpass-

ing the juga, which are broad at apex. Pronotum transverse; the

ratio of the length to the width three to five; one-half as long as

wide in balli; margins more nearly parallel; anterior margin recti-

linear; sides depressed with the margins sharply carinate and recti-

linear; the anterior angles forming almost a right angle; transverse

impression deep, slightly behind the middle. Scutellum with the

apex regularly rounded, marked with a more or less distinct sub-

apical triangular fuscopunctate pale spot, its sides margined with

black; a more or less distinct, slightly oblique, vitta either side of

the disk bisecting a fuscopunctate paler area. Connexivum black

with a linear pale spot behind each incisure. Vestiture of long brown

hairs and a sparse shorter cinereous pubescence, becoming shorter

on the venter. Dorsum evenly and closely punctate; a median pale

carinate line on the scutellum, more or less distinct, which becomes

concolorous anteriorly. Femora slightly thicker than in balli and

covered with brown pubescence. Rostrum almost attaining hind

margin of second ventral segment; apical two joints thickened and

darker as in balli. Antennae with the apical two joints thicker in the

male than in balli.

Color aeneous-black, more bronzed on the head, with lighter mark-

ings on the scutellum. Venter black; coxae, apices of the tibiae, and

the tarsi fuscotestaceous. Described from one male and three

females.

Holotype, male, No. 2627, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sciences, col-

lected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, June 20, 1929, at Potwisha,

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Sequoia National Park, California, and allotype, female,

No. 2628, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sciences, collected by E. C. Van

Dyke, June 13, 1929, in Sequoia National Park. Paratypes,

two females, taken by Mr. A. T. McClay in Sequoia National

Park, June 13 and 18, 1929, in the collection of the author.

Vanduzeeina slevini Usinger, n. sp.

Nearer cones cens Usinger than balli Van D. The vestiture

long, fuscotestaceous, as in conescens; pronotum broad with the

margins broadly flattened as in balli , but narrower behind with

the margins more nearly rectilinear. Length, 6.5 mm.

Female. Head more narrowed apically than in balli ; tylus scarcely

surpassing juga; eyes vertical, narrowed. Pronotum transverse,

narrower behind than in balli ; margins but feebly arcuated. Legs

thicker than in cenescens. Rostrum reaching the posterior coxae with

the apical two joints thickened. Penultimate segment of antennae

slightly widened apically; subfusiform in balli] third and fourth seg-

ments subequal, fourth longer than third in balli.

Described from one female specimen taken by Mr. L. S.

Slevin of Carmel, California, after whom the species is named.

Holotype, female, No. 2629, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sciences, col-

lected by L. S. Slevin at Carmel, Monterey County, California,

April 30, 1916.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke took a specimen, which may be the male

of this species, at Carmel, California, on May 21, 1911. In

most characters it agrees with the f emale of slevini but has the

tylus more distinctly surpassing the juga; eyes wider than in

the female slevini but narrower than in the male of balli ; legs

thicker and with longer pubescence than in balli ; color lighter

on the dorsum; head and anterior portion of pronotum black;

posterior portion of pronotum becoming light brown medianly;

scutellum light brown with a triangular spot at base and area

near the basal angles black.

Key to the Species of Vanduzeeina Schout.

Larger, more than 6 mm. Vestiture very short. Head longer,

slightly oblique, with the sides more parallel 1

Smaller, 6 mm. or less. Vestiture longer. Head short, vertical,

narrowed apically 2

1. Smaller, 6-7 mm. The transverse median pronotal impression

distinct. Apex of scutellum, in female, with a large oblong

pale spot margined with black calif ornica Van D.

JANUARY, 1930]

USINGER VANDUZEEINA

133

— . Larger, 7.5-8 mm. The transverse median pronotal impression

very feeble. Apex of scutellum, in female, with a smaller

and less distinct pale spot not outlined with black

borealis Van D.

2. Pronotum narrow; sides depressed with the margins sharply

carinate and rectilinear. Head produced, bronzed. Scutel-

lum with a more or less distinct, slightly oblique black

vitta either side of the disk cenescens n. sp.

— . Pronotum with margins broadly flattened. Head shorter and

broader at base with the apex broadly rounded 3

3. Vestiture short. Connexivum alternated with black and pale.

Pronotum broad behind; margins arcuate balli Van D.

— . Vestiture long. Connexivum very feebly marked with lighter

color behind each incisure. Margins of pronotum more

nearly parallel; rectilinear, or very slightly arcuated

slevini n. sp.

RECORD OF AN INSECT MIGRATION IN THE

ARKANSAS VALLEY, COLORADO

BY WALTER CARTER

United States Bureau of Entomology

During a visit to Rocky Ford, Colorado, on the twenty-first

day of September, 1927, the attention of the writer was directed

to the fact that the sidewalks and curbings along the street were

covered with a layer of dead insects. Inquiry elicited the infor-

mation that on the night of the 17th the insects had flown to

the lights of the town in such numbers as to cause the closing

of business houses and even interference with automobile travel.

In order to obtain data on the species represented in the

flight, a large cigar box full of the insects was collected from

the curbing. Some idea of the numbers of insects present can

be obtained from the fact that the collection was made by simply

picking up a page of a magazine which happened to be lying

on the curb and sliding the insects on it into the box.

A sample for determination was obtained from the collection

in the following manner; The insects were spread thinly over

a rectangular sheet of paper. A straight edge was then placed

diagonally across the rectangle and half the layer swept off.

This was repeated twice and the portion remaining was taken

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

as the sample, and the species contained therein were identi-

fied by W. L. McAtee, United States Biological Survey

(Hemiptera), and E. A. Chapin, United States Bureau of

Entomology (Coleoptera), as given in the list which follows.

C. T. Greene of the United States Bureau of Entomology

reported on the Diptera.

List of species found in sample, with number of specimens

of each.

Coleoptera

Carabidse, Stenolophus conjunctus Say (1); Hydrophilidae,

Tropisternus sp. (1) ; Phalacridae, Phalacrus seriatus Lee. (2) ;

Chrysomelidae, Haltica foliacea Lee. (2) ; Curculionidae, An-

thonomus squamosus Lee. (2).

Diptera

Specimens too badly damaged for determination (17).

Hemiptera

Pentatomidae, Thyanta custator Fabr. (1) ; Coreidae, Har-

mostes reflexulus Say (27), Corizus viridicatus Uhl. (1),

Corisus lateralis Say (2) ; Lygaeidae, Lygceus lateralis Dali.

(8), Nysius calif ornicus Stal (503), Geocoris bullatus Say

(13); Nabidae, Nabis ferus Linn. (9); Miridae, Lygus elisus

Van D. (2), Orthotylus sp. (3) ; Cicadellidae, Xerophlcea viridis

Fabr. (2271), Euscelis exitiosus Uhl. (682), Eugnathodus

abdominalis Van D. (141); Fulgoridae, Liburnia sp. (3).

The one species Xerophlcea viridis Fab. predominates over

all other species combined, but two other leafhoppers, Euscelis

exitiosus Uhl. and Eugnathodus abdominalis Van D., con-

tributed large numbers to the sample.

The method of taking the sample undoubtedly eliminated

some species which occurred only in very small numbers. The

data suggest, however, that the flight was principally by the

Hemiptera, and of the 3666 specimens in that group, 3094 were

Cicadellidae.

On the day of the flight an unusual and sudden drop in tem-

perature of between 20 and 30 degrees Fahrenheit was

experienced.

JANUARY, 1930] LAWSON NEW LEAFHOPPERS

135

THREE NEW LEAFHOPPERS FROM THE SOUTH-

WEST (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLID2E)

BY PAUL B. LAWSON

Lawrence, Kansas 1

Eupteryx huachucae Lawson, n. sp.

(Figs. 2-2b)

A pale yellow species strongly marked with red. Length,

2.75-3 mm.

Form: Vertex slightly wider than long, about twice as long at

middle as next the eye, quite acutely pointed in female. Pronotum

one-third longer than vertex, scarcely twice as wide as long, dis-

tinctly widened posteriorly, posterior margin somewhat sinuately

concave. Scutellum large, nearly as long as pronotum and nearly

twice as wide as long. Elytra very long and parallel margined,

greatly exceeding the abdomen; first cross-vein directed somewhat

cephalad, apical veins arising from a short common stalk from which

the third apical vein soon separates; first and second apical veins

having a long common stalk. Venation of hind wing characteristic

of the genus.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female very long, posterior

margin strongly produced to a pointed apex. Last ventral segment

of male long, with broadly concave posterior margin; valve hidden;

plates long, with slender upturned apices.

Color: Vertex pale yellow with dark narrow marginal band which

widens out into a diffused dark area near each eye. Pronotum pale

yellow, lateral margins broadly and irregularly brown. Scutellum

pale yellow, lateral angles darker. Anterior half of elytra pale yellow

marked with red as follows: Irregular spot at base of clavus, smaller

irregular spot midway on clavus, a few dots beyond this on clavus

and a large spot on band between claval suture and costal plaque

which breaks up into smaller spots or dots posteriorly. Posterior

half of elytra distinctly fumose, veins for the most part distinctly

margined with dark brown or black; tips of sectors and area caudad

of dark border of costal plaque, red. Underside practically pale

yellow except for two dark dashes on front running mesad from

each eye, the dark tips of beak, hind tibiae, ovipositor, and the dark

tarsal claws.

Described from a female and a male, holotype and allotype,

respectively, and eight paratypes, all taken by Dr. R. H. Beamer

in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, August 1, 1927.

Types deposited in the Snow entomological collection.

i Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of

Kansas.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

The male genitalia are not figured because in each of the

three males at hand the tip of the abdomen is somewhat

distorted.

Joruma minuta Lawson, sp. n.

(Figs. 1-lf)

A very small old-gold species allied to /. subaurata but

smaller and with distinct genitalia. Length, 2 mm.

Form: Head as wide as pronotum. Vertex one-fourth longer than

wide, one-third longer at middle than next the eye, anterior margin

broadly rounded, median longitudinal line extending to ocelli, which

are large and distinct. Pronotum shorter than vertex, over twice

as wide as long, anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel.

Scutellum large. Elytra greatly exceeding abdomen; first apical cell

apparently small, its basal vein indistinct, other apical cells much

larger, slightly increasing in size from the second to the fourth;

elytra nearly opaque to tip of clavus beyond which three clear areas

appear cephalad of the second to fourth apical cells. Hind wing

peculiar in having row of small but stout spines along costal margin,

while posterior margin is distinctly serrate, the teeth larger near the

base.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female with large and deep

median incision which bears a small basal lobe; ovipositor distinctly

exceeding pygofer. Last ventral segment of male with posterior

margin strongly and widely concave; valve hidden; plates quite long,

tapering gradually to just past middle, then more suddenly con-

stricted and produced to slender apices which about equal the

pygofer.

Color: Old gold, tinged on vertex and pronotum with brownish;

elytra golden yellow for over half their length, then smoky hyaline

in apical cells and in three cell-like areas cephalad of second to

fourth apical cells. Front golden brown, rest of underside more

yellowish. Dorsum of abdomen dark brown.

Described from a male and a female, holotype and allotype,

respectively, and two female paratypes, taken by Dr. R. H.

Beamer, August 3, 1928, in Cameron County, Texas.

Types deposited in Snow entomological collection.

Figure le shows the nature of the serrated posterior margin

of the hind wing under high power, and figure If shows the

spines on the costal margin highly magnified.

Acinopterus spatiosus Lawson, sp. n.

(Figs. 3-3b)

A yellowish-brown robust species allied to A. angulatus but

more robust and lighter. Length, 5 to 6 mm.

JANUARY, 1930]

LAWSON NEW LEAFHOPPERS

138 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

Form: Head slightly narrower than pronotum. Vertex two and

one-half times as wide as long, one-third longer at middle than next

the eye, anterior margin broadly rounded. Pronotum a little over

twice as long as vertex, a little over twice as wide as long, anterior

and posterior margins nearly parallel, humeral margins slightly

longer than lateral, disk and posterior third transversely wrinkled.

Scutellum small. Elytra with costal margin straight clear to tip

forming sharply acute apices which are usually flaring; several cross-

veins between first and second anal veins.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female much as in A. angulatus

but with lateral angles not as prominent; posterior margin nearly

truncate, with definite median notch and with definite lateral angles

which are, however, broadly rounded. Last ventral segment of male

half longer than preceding; valve hidden; plates longer than in

A. angulatus and more rounded apically.

Color: Light or yellowish brown; impressed line of scutellum

dark; veins of elytra, especially apical ones, with smoky margins,

veins on clavus light, claval suture darker, apical cell dark. Eyes

dark brown. Underside yellowish brown; a brown dash on either

side of median notch of last ventral segment of female. Dorsum of

abdomen frequently dark and legs sometimes spotted with brown.

Described from a male and a female, holotype and allotype,

respectively, and a series of female paratypes, all from Brazoria

County, Texas. Taken August 10, 1928 by Dr. R. H. Beamer.

Types deposited in Snow entomological collection.

A Buprestid New to the Yosemite

One of the most characteristic trees on the floor of the

Yosemite Valley is the black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa

Hook. Common in the ridges of the bark on the trunks of

many of these trees are the oval emergence holes of a moder-

ately large flathead borer. In the bark beneath each hole is a

dark winding mine made by the larva. The mine winds

through the outer bark and down to the cambium, but does

not appear to cause any particular damage to the tree. Most

of the trees appear perfectly healthy, although the work in the

bark indicates that generations of the insects have developed

in it. The species is Poecilonota montanus Chamberlin, named

from specimens collected near Missoula, Montana, by Mr. J.

Brunner. Dead beetles were collected from the bark in the

Yosemite on July 6, 1927, and live adults crawling on the bark

on August 16 of the same year. The live beetles dropped to

the ground when touched and were caught without much

difficulty. — H. E. Burke.

JANUARY, 1930]

BLACKWELDER EUBRIANAX

139

THE LARVA OF EUBRIANAX EDWARDSI (LEC.)

(COLEOPTERA: PSEPHENID^)

BY RICHARD E. BLACKWELDER

Stanford University, California

The larva of Eubrianax edwardsi (Le Conte) has been

known for a good many years, but all that has been known

of it is that it lives in streams and resembles the larvae of the

Parnidse (Dryopidse). Le Conte, who received his specimens

and his information from Crotch, said : “The larva is sub-

aquatic and resembles in appearance those of Psephenus and

Helichus.” 1 In his “Insects of Western North America”

(1926, p. 404), Essig figures the pupa and adult, and states that

the larva lives on rocks in small, fresh running streams, and

that pupation takes place in the old larval skin in the water.

Boving in April 1929 2 figures the larva and discusses its rela-

tion and similarity to the larva of Psephenus. This seems to

be the extent of the literature on this very curious larva.

There are certain additional points of interest which are

recorded here in company with a detailed drawing of the larva

and of some of the unusual structures found upon it. The

material for this study was collected by Mr. David Shepherd

in Waddell Creek, Santa Cruz County. It was Professor G. F.

Ferris who first interested me in this larva, and he has given

many suggestions on the study of the material and the prepara-

tion of this paper.

The larva is found rather abundantly on the undersurface of

stones in places where the water is running fairly rapidly. It

is most abundant in the summer.

The larva is flat with the dorsal surface slightly convex.

The tergites are rather small, but the pleurites are very much

enlarged, extending to the margin from the edge of the pleurites

above and back underneath to join the sternites at a point about

one-third the distance from the margin to the longitudinal axis.

This line between the pleurites and the sternites is rather

obscure, and is indicated only by slight folds along the sutures.

The pleurites of the prothorax are extended around over the

head so that they meet in front and completely cover the head

1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. V, 1874, p. 58.

2 Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vol. XXIV, 1929, p. 59; pi. V, figs. A-F.

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

above. At the posterior end the pleurites of the ninth abdominal

segment meet around the end, covering the retracted tenth seg-

ment. It is not quite certain that this designation of the sclerites

is correct, there being a possibility that the tergites extend

around the margin, and that the pleurites are absent as in many

larvae, but the evident separation of the sclerites along the

dorsum, the position of the spiracles (Fig. 1, A), and a com-

parison with other fringed larvae of this type indicate that the

pleurites are enlarged and include the margin. Along the angle

of the margin, and therefore on the pleurites, there is a fringe

which completely surrounds the larva (Fig. I, A). The fringe

is composed of a row of long narrow pedicels, edged with

spines ; each pedicel bearing a long seta on its distal end

(Figs. 1, H, I).

The head is small and completely hidden from above. It

bears a pair of two-segmented antennae (Fig. I, A), the labium

with its pair of nodule-like palpi, the maxillae with the two-

jointed maxillary palpi (Fig. 2, B ), and the mandibles

(Fig. 2, C). The mandibles of some individuals examined were

shorter than the one shown and were truncate in front, as if

they had been worn down. Boving figures mandibles of this

type.

The legs are short and four- or possibly five-segmented,

with the coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibia present, and a single

terminal claw (Fig. 1, /). This may be a true claw or it may

possibly be a modified tarsus, which otherwise is entirely absent.

There are only two pairs of spiracles. The anterior ones

(Fig. 1, B ), situated on the proximal anterior comer of the

mesopleura, are the mesothoracic spiracles, and the other pair,

representing the eighth abdominal spiracles, are on the proximal

portion of the eighth abdominal pleurite. On each of the

second, third, fourth, and fifth abdominal sternites there is

situated a pair of gill groups (Fig. 2, D), which are composed

of long membranous filaments that become so fine at their

extremities as to be invisible. These are evidently functional

gills, while it is rather doubtful if the spiracles are used at all.

On the ventral surface are quite a number of setae of various

sizes and shapes (Figs. 1, C, D). On the dorsal surface there

are some very peculiar scale-like markings (Figs. 1, E, F, G ),

JANUARY, 1930] BLACKWELDER EUBRIANAX

141

7f&

m 1 a f

• . Va v

Fig. 1. Eubrianax edwardsi (Le Conte), larva: A, dorsal and ven-

tral aspects; B, thoracic -spiracle and surrounding region; C, D, types

of setae from ventral side of body; E, F, G, scale-like markings of

dorsum; H , l, portions of marginal fringe from dorsal and ventral

aspects respectively; J, claw.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 3

which are microscopic in size but which do not appear to be

separate scales.

Pupation occurs in the larval skin, except that a portion of

the posterior region of the larval skin — probably segments

seven, eight, nine, and ten (Fig. 2, E ) — is replaced by a some-

what similar structure, belonging to the pupa, which corre-

sponds with it, and which bears a different type of marginal

fringe (Fig. 2, F). The pupal skin itself is membranous, except

for this section at the posterior end. Essig’s figure of the larva

is evidently really only a dorsal view of the pupa, as the fringe

in the larva, unlike that in the pupa, extends around the pos-

terior end in an unbroken line.

Fig. 2. Eubrianax edwardsi (Le Conte) : A, dorsal and ventral

aspects of head of larva; B, labium and maxilla of larva; C, mandible

of larva; D, portion of gill of larva; E, posterior sclerotic region of

pupa; F, portion of fringe from this region.

OMISSION FROM OCTOBER NUMBER

(Text to figure on page 66)

“Coffee-pot maker” Lagoa crispata Packard. 1. Side view of larva.

2. Dorsal view of larva. 3. Larva drawn up in defensive attitude

when disturbed. 4. Cocoon in process of construction viewed from

front. 5. Side view of same almost completed. 6. Completed cocoon

from which winds and rains remove loose webs shown at the ends.

7. Outline figure of adult showing location of the crinkled tufts on

the wings.

JANUARY, 1930] DOUDOROFF A NEW EUCHLOE

143

A NEW ABERRATION OF EUCHLOE AUSONIDES

BY M. DOUDOROFF

San Francisco, California

Euchloe ausonides boharti Doudoroff, n. ab.

Differs from ausonides in its smaller size, slightly narrower

wings, greater heaviness of the dark markings on the superior

surface, and the peculiar pattern on the underside of the

secondaries.

Primaries: The black bar at the arc is broader, both above and

below, than in ausonides and the green on the underside at the apices

is deeper. Secondaries: The greenish gray markings on the under-

side of the secondaries are greatly enlarged at the expense of the

white background, forming a pattern well illustrated by G. F. Ferris

in the figure. The veins are bordered with yellow. Expanse: 40 mm.

Holotype, male, in collection of R. M. Bohart, taken at

Berkeley, California, April 16, 1929. Named after Mr. R. M.

Bohart of Berkeley, California, who has kindly loaned it to me

for description.

Euchloe ausonides boharti, male, underside, x 2.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph. D., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

We have just received a copy of Mr. W. S. Wright’s list

of the butterflies of San Diego County, California. 1 This most

excellent list records 148 forms with distributional and other

data for each, and at the end lists twenty other forms that are

likely to occur in that county. Local lists, especially when

gotten out by a competent authority as is this, are most valu-

able and interesting. The San Francisco Bay region needs a

similar list and we hope some day we may record its publication.

Fascicle III of a General Catalogue of the Hemiptera, 2

received recently, enumerates the Pyrrhocoridae of the world.

It was compiled by Dr. R. F. Hussey with a bibliography by

Elizabeth Sherman and is an excellent piece of work. It has

the defect, common to all this series of catalogues, of an alpha-

betical arrangement of the species, giving no hint as to the

relationship of the species. The type used for the various cate-

gories could hardly be improved, except, perhaps, that the genus

names at the head of the pages might be made a little larger.

Why could not the name of each species be followed by a

number, in square brackets, indicating the systematic arrange-

ment of the species? The addition of such a number would

combine in one list the advantages of both the systematic and

alphabetical arrangement of the species. Here for the first

time Stal’s error in the identification of Dysdercus mimus Say

is corrected and a new name, mimulus, is given the form here-

tofore known as mimus.

Dr. Ralph V. Chamberlin of the University of Utah, Salt

Lake City, was a welcome visitor at the Academy recently.

1 Tt-ans. San Diego Society of Natural History, Vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 1-40,

February 28, 1930.

2 General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. III. Smith College,

Northampton, Massachusetts, 1929.

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Van Duzee, M. C., New Mycetophylidse Taken in California

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For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

“California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

California.”

Vol. VI

April, 1930

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

KLOTS, A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ASCIA MONUSTE 145

VAN DUZEE, A NEW EMPOASCA 148

VAN DYKE, NEW RHYNCHOPHORA FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA . . 149

VAN DUZEE, CONCERNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES 166

KEIFER, THE LARVA OF CYLINDROCOPTURUS CRASSUS V. D 167

BLAISDELL, REVISION OF DINACOMA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES 171

LIGHT, TERMITES COLLECTED BY T. T. CRAIG ON SOCORRO ISLAND . . . 178

FLANDERS, NOTES ON TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM 180

KNOWLTON AND PACK, NOTES ON UTAH SYRPHIDiE . 182

WOODWORTH, THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF LIFE HISTORIES 189

EDITORIAL COMMENT 192

San Francisco, California

1930

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

Ascia monuste raza Klots

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VI, No. 4.

April, 1930

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ASCIA MONUSTE (L.)

FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA (LEPIDOPTERA,

PIERID/E)

BY ALEXANDER B. KLOTS

Cornell University, Ithaca, Neiv York

Through the kindness of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of the

California Academy of Natural Sciences the author has had

the opportunity of studying a series of specimens of Ascia

monuste (L.) from Lower California which represent a very

distinct and apparently undescribed geographic race, charac-

terized as follows :

Ascia monuste raza Klots, new subspecies

(See Plate)

Differs from all other monuste forms in the following

particulars :

Males:

1. Fuscous markings at tips of veins of primaries above uni-

formly well defined, as shown in figures, never confluent except at

extreme margin of wing. Markings at tips of veins of secondaries

above more variable, being sometimes nearly absent.

2. Markings at tips of veins of primaries beneath uniformly

present and distinct, as shown in figures, of a lighter shade than the

corresponding markings above. Spaces between these markings at

apex, and often along outer margin, light yellowish white to ochre

yellow.

3. Dark markings on secondaries beneath, as shown in figures,

uniformly present and distinct, fuscous to brownish fuscous. Ground

color of secondaries beneath ranging from a light yellowish white

to a deep ochre yellow.

Females:

1. Entire ground color of wings above suffused with light drab

gray. Markings, as shown in figure, fuscous, uniformly present.

2. Wings beneath with ground color as above. Dark markings

concolorous with those of upper side, less diffuse, uniformly present.

A yellow marginal suffusion present between dark markings of apex

of primary and along outer margin of secondary as far as anal angle.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

The uniformly present and very conspicuous pattern on the

underside of the wings, especially of the secondaries, and the

drab-gray ground color and heavy pattern above of the females,

serve to distinguish this race from all other monuste forms.

Occasional specimens of monuste from mainland Mexico

(Mazatlan, Manzanillo) show something of an approach to

raza in the above-mentioned characters, occupying an inter-

mediate position between raza and the form from central

Mexico. This is just as would be expected from the geographi-

cal relationship of these localities. None of the mainland

Mexico specimens show the above combination of characters

with any uniformity, nor are any of the characters developed

to the extent that they are in raza.

One of the specimens of raza (see paratype 8 below) in

the Grundel collection bore the label “Pieris erebusP The

author has been unable to find any record of the publication

of this name, and concludes that it must have been, at most, in

manuscript.

Holotype, male (No. 2630, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), Isla Raza, Gulf

of California, April 21, 1921; collector, E. P. Van Duzee. Allotype,

female (No. 2631, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), Smith's Island, Angeles

Bay, Gulf of California, June 27, 1921; collector, Virgil Owen.

Paratypes No. 1, 2, 3, 4, all males, Isla Raza, Gulf of California,

April 21, 1921; collector, E. P. Van Duzee. Paratype 5, male,

Salinas Bay, Carmen Island, Gulf of California, June 16, 1921; col-

lector, E. P. Van Duzee. Paratype 6, male, Abreojos Point, Lower

California, July 31, 1922; collectors, G. D. Hanna and J. R. Slevin.

Paratype 7, male, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, May 29, 1925;

collector, H. H. Keifer. Paratype 8, male, Lower California; pre-

sented by J. G. Grundel; labeled " Pieris erebus.” Paratype 9, female,

Santa Margarita Island, Baja California, July 29, 1922; collectors,

G. D. Hanna and J. R. Slevin. Paratype 10, female, Magdalena Bay,

Lower California, July 26, 1922; collectors, G. D. Hanna and J. R.

Slevin. Paratypes 11-16, all males, Isla Raza, Gulf of California,

April 21, 1921; collector, E. P. Van Duzee. Paratypes 17-18, both

males, Salinas Bay, Carmen Island, Gulf of California, June 16, 1921;

collector, E. P. Van Duzee. Paratype 19, female, Pond Island Bay,

Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California, June 30, 1921, col-

lector, E. P. Van Duzee.

Holotype, allotype, and paratypes 1 to 10 are in the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences. The other paratypes have been

deposited as follows: Paratypes 11 and 19 in the American

APRIL, 1930]

KLOTS A NEW ASCI A

147

Museum of Natural History; paratype 12 in United States

National Museum; paratype 13 in Carnegie Museum; para-

type 14 in Cornell University collection; paratypes 15 and 16

in author’s collection; paratype 17 in British Museum; para-

type 18, in Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey, England.

Explanation of Plate

Approximately X 3/5

1. Upper and undersides of holotype $, Ascia monuste raza Klots.

2. Upper and undersides of paratype 6, $ , A. monuste raza Klots.

3. Upper and undersides of allotype $, A. monuste raza Klots.

Monterey Pine Midge Pupates at Bases of Needles

During the past ten years several published references to

the Monterey pine midge, Thecodiplosis piniradiatce (Snow and

Mills) have said that pupation takes place in the soil, and that

cultivation will control the pest. A careful investigation of the

species this season indicates that these references are erroneous,

and that Snow and Mills were right when they said that the

species pupates at the bases of the needles. In all cases studied,

pupation took place in hollowed-out cells at the bases of the

needles, usually beneath the scales which form the sheath.

Sometimes a few pupae would be found between the sheaths.

The larva forms a papery cocoon and pupates in that. — H. E.

Burke.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

A NEW EMPOASCA

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

The following species has been in my collection for a

number of years under a manuscript name. It now proves to

be of some economic interest, so the description is published

to make it available for use in case it is needed.

Empoasca denaria Van Duzee, new species

Allied to alboscripta Van Duzee, but smaller with a more

pointed head, different arrangement of pale markings and dis-

tinct male genitalia. Length, 3.5 mm.

Vertex a third longer than one-half its basal width, distinctly

more produced than in alboscripta, two-thirds the length of the pro-

notum; front narrower and flatter than in the related species, its

sides almost parallel.

Color yellowish green, becoming almost fulvous in mature dried

specimens; vertex with the median line, a spot against each eye and

an oblique spot on the front edge either side the apex, white, the

latter spots including the distinct ocelli; pronotum with a broad

whitish median vitta edged with dusky; a spot behind each eye and

one at the middle ivory white; anterior field of scutellum with a pale

median line, posterior field with a pale spot on each basal angle;

elytral nervures obscure at base; clavus with two pale spots, one sub-

basal the other at apical one-third and lying against the suture; disk

of corium with two pale areas alternating with those on the clavus;

costal area subhyaline, apical third of elytra slightly infuscated, with

its nervures conspicuously pale, this infuscated portion preceded by

a whitish arc, the elytra thus showing ten pale spots, more or less

distinct; beneath pale, front ochraceous with a pale median line and

subbasal spot either side; tarsi and tip of clypeus touched with bluish

green.

The external genital pieces do not differ materially from those of

alboscripta, but when dissected the styles are found to be much

shorter, linear, and curved upward; in alboscripta they are longer,

almost fusiform, with their apex produced in a spinose tip a third

as long as the style, and pale in color, dotted with black. Described

from sixteen examples.

Holotype, male No. 2651, and allotype, female No. 2652,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken by Dr. J. C. Bradley at Leona

Heights, near Mills College, Oakland, California, in August,

in my collection. Paratypes, six males and five females, same

data, and three females taken on artichoke at San Jose, Cali-

fornia, in March, received from Dr. H. H. Severin.

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

149

NEW RHYNCHOPHORA (COLEOPTERA) FROM

WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Tribe Alophini

Genus Lepidophorus Kirby-

Synoptic Key

1. Scales on pronotum densely and uniformly arranged; setae of

upper surface conspicuously suberect on elytral declivity

only 2

Pronotal scales arranged in a median and lateral stripes, the

intervening area quite bare of scales; setae of pronotum, as

well as of entire elytra, conspicuous and more or less semi-

erect throughout 3

2. Elytral intervals entirely flat, setae equally evident on all inter-

vals; abdomen densely clothed with scales and sparsely

pilose, the last ventral more finely and densely pilose and

with a shallow impression at most. Alaska

lineaticollis Kirby

Elytral intervals slightly convex apically. Setae distinct only

on alternate intervals; abdomen clothed with scales and

with scattered, prostrate setae, the last ventral of males

with a deep fovea at apex. Mount Rainier, Washington

. rainieri n. sp.

3. Elytra with intervals all more or less flattened, the setae present

on all intervals anteriorly but only distinct on alternate

ones posteriorly; abdomen sparsely setose, the last ventral

broadly and shallowly impressed. New York, Maryland,

West Pennsylvania, and Virginia setiger Ham.

Elytra with intervals alternately elevated, the setae present on

all intervals anteriorly but absent on alternate ones on

elytral declivity. Abdomen moderately scaly and setose.

Coastal area of Washington and Oregon alternatus n. sp.

Lepidophorus rainieri Van Dyke, new species

Oval, convex, piceous, antennae and legs reddish brown; densely

clothed above with small, round brown or white scales, the latter

forming median and lateral stripes on the pronotum and a more or

less nebulous marking along the sides of the elytra, as well as being

more or less scattered over the disk; setae short, semi-erect on the

head, scattered and prostrate over the pronotum, and in rows on

the alternate intervals of the elytra, quite prostrate in front and

semi-erect on the declivity. Beak dilated apically, somewhat flat-

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

tened above and rugosely punctured. Prothorax as broad or broader

than long, convex; sides narrowed at base, somewhat parallel at

middle and narrowed and constricted at apex; disk rather densely

and coarsely punctured, the punctures in fresh specimens concealed

by the scales. Elytra not quite twice as wide as prothorax; striae

broad and flat in front and faintly convex toward apex, these striae

well impressed and rather closely punctured with somewhat elon-

gate punctures, each of which bears a small scale. Beneath rather

densely clothed with silvery scales and short, recumbent and scat-

tered setae; last ventral segment deeply impressed near apex in males

and more shallowly in the females. Length, '5 mm.; breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype, allotype (Nos. 2632, 2633, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.),

and several designated paratypes from a series of eighteen

specimens collected by myself from beneath stones, July 14-31,

1905, at about 6000 feet altitude, on the slopes of Paradise

Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington, in my collection.

This species rather closely resembles the well-known lineati-

collis , the type of the genus, but is in general less robust, has

the elytral setae only on the alternate elytral intervals, the

ventral setae less hairlike and in the female less dense, and the

last ventral segment deeply impressed in the male.

Lepidophorus alternatus Van Dyke, new species

Oval, convex; brown, legs and antennas somewhat rufous; head

and elytra rather densely clothed above with small, round brown

or yellowish white scales, the scales of the pronotum light and

mostly condensed into a median and lateral stripes, the lighter scales

also more evident along the sides of the elytra and in irregular trans-

verse patches near the center of the disk; setae rather conspicuous,

slightly elevated, scattered over the head and pronotum, more

evidently elevated and arranged in rows on the alternate elytral

intervals, with a few scattering ones on the even intervals anteriorly.

Beak dilated apically, somewhat flattened above, with, at times, an

indistinct median crista, and rugosely punctured. Prothorax slightly

longer than broad, convex; sides evenly arcuate, narrower in front

than at base but not constricted; disk densely, coarsely, somewhat

cribrately punctured. Elytra less than twice as wide as prothorax,

the alternate intervals somewhat elevated and convex throughout,

the even intervals flattened in front and slightly convex behind; striae

evidently impressed and rather closely punctured with deep, round

punctures, from each of which projects a short setiferous scale.

Beneath moderately densely clothed with whitish scales and recum-

bent, scattered yellow setae, the last ventral segment but shallowly

impressed near the apex even in the male. Length, 5 mm.; breadth,

2.5 mm.

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE: — NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

151

Holotype (No. 2634, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and numerous

designated paratypes from a series of forty-four specimens

collected by myself at Forks, Clallam County, Washington,

July 2 and 5, 1920, in my collection. These were beaten from

low herbage on the margins of a boggy clearing in the forest.

I have also another specimen which I collected at Cannon

Beach, Oregon, June 9, 1926, and in the California Academy

collection there is another series of specimens taken by Mr.

E. P. Van Duzee at Forks, Washington, on the same date that

I collected my specimens.

This species rather closely resembles setiger, with a speci-

men of which, kindly presented by Dr. H. C. Fall, it has been

carefully compared. It differs by being much larger and more

robust, with the alternate elytral intervals more or less distinctly

elevated, the setae coarser and more clubbed, and the funicle of

the antennae longer, the first and second segments distinctly

longer than in the other, and the outer segments less transverse.

The closely related setiger and alternatus are probably species

of the dense forests while the equally closely related lineaticollis

and rainieri are restricted to the more open country.

Tribe Myrmecini (Otidocephalini)

Myrmex (Otidocephalus) ventralis Van Dyke

new species

Narrow and elongate, black, moderately clothed above with soft

white pile, erect and directed forward on the pronotum and loosely

appressed on the elytra, and with rows of short, erect, and sparsely

placed black setae also on the elytra. Head moderately coarsely,

densely punctured; eyes of moderate size and slightly convex; beak

short, robust, bistriate laterally, the median carina extending from

between the eyes almost to the apex; antennae piceous, the club

elongate and robust. Prothorax nearly one-fourth longer than broad,

convex; sides moderately arcuate at center; disk coarsely, densely,

somewhat cribrately punctured, a well-defined median crista extend-

ing from base almost to apex. Elytra somewhat more than twice

as long as prothorax, about one-fourth broader at base than pro-

thorax, with sides almost straight or just perceptibly arcuate and

diverging to posterior third from whence they are gradually rounded

to apex; disk moderately finely, closely, and irregularly punctured.

Beneath rather densely punctured and densely clothed with sub-

recumbent, radiate-pectinate, white hairs; each femora with distinct

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

tooth, and the front tibiae slightly sinuate within. Length (without

beak), 6 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2635, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique,

collected in the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas,

July 18, 1921, by Mr. C. D. Duncan.

This species approaches quite closely to M. estriatus

(Casey), but it differs by being black, not rufous or rufo-

piceous, more elongate and narrower, with less globular after-

body, the white pile finer and denser above, the elytral setae

shorter and more numerous, the pronotal punctures more

uniformly disposed, the elytral punctuation finer and the under-

side densely clothed throughout with short, radiate-pectinate

hairs, whereas in the other the pile is sparse and similar to that

of the upper surface except for an occasional pectinate-radiate

hair forward and at sides.

Myrmex dimidiatus Van Dyke, new species

Narrow and elongate, the elytra and ventral surface of abdomen

black, the remaining portion of body rufous, tibiae somewhat dark-

ened; body rather sparsely clothed with long, erect black hair, on

the elytra arranged in rows on the intervals, the hair of the middle

and hind legs mostly white, and the scutellum, meso- and meta-

pleurae densely clothed with recumbent radiate-pectinate white hairs.

Head rather sparsely punctured; eyes moderately convex and well

separated; beak short, robust, bistriate laterally and sparsely punc-

tured basally, the median carina well marked at base only; antennae

rufous, club elliptical. Prothorax one-third longer than broad,

convex; sides moderately arcuate at center; disk sparsely, rather

finely punctured, more closely at base and apex. Elytra twice as

long as prothorax,, slightly broader at base than prothorax though

one-fourth broader at middle; sides sinuate and diverging behind

humeri, arcuate at center and converging to apex; disk with striae

faintly impressed and with rows of well-marked, elongate, rather

closely placed punctures, the intervals flat, with rows of finer and

more sparsely placed punctures. Beneath rather finely, sparsely

punctured and shining. Length, 4.75 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.

Holotype (No. 2636, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

from the Davis Mountains, Texas, collected May 14, 1927, by

Mr. J. O. Martin.

This bicolored species could only be confused with others

of like coloration; dichrous (Lee.) from Florida has the base

of the elytra also rufous, the punctures of prothorax and elytra

denser and coarser and with no erect pile; basalis (Schaef.)

APRIL, 1930 ] VAN DYKE NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

153

from Arizona, has the red color limited to the base of elytra,

and is stouter and clothed with a double type of pile above ;

while diversicolor (Champ.), from Central America, also has

the red color more limited, and differs otherwise.

Myrmex octolineatus (Champ.)

A number of specimens of this Mexican species are in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences, taken at the

following localities in Arizona: fourteen miles east of Oracle,

July 27, 1924, by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee; and Texas Canon,

Chiricahua Mountains, September 8, 1927, by Mr. J. A. Kusche.

This species is not included in the Leng catalogue.

Myrmex estriatus (Casey)

The California Academy of Sciences has specimens of this

species from southwestern Texas, southwestern Colorado, the

Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona, as well as from New Mexico.

Specimens collected near Los Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico,

by Mr. Weld were bred from woody stem galls on oak.

Myrmex arizonicus (Schaef.)

A series of this species was taken near Camp Potwisha,

Sequoia National Park, California, during May 1929. It was

first beaten from mistletoe. Phoradendron villosum Nutt., on

white oak, Quercus lobata Nee, by Mr. Walter Lammerts, and

later was dug out from its pupal chambers in the stems of the

mistletoe.

Tribe Zygopini

Cylindrocopturus vanduzeei Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, the entire underside including the feet and

most of the dorsal surface clothed with large, chalky white scales,

opalescent in strong light; the remaining surface ornamented with

ochraceous scales which are condensed near the anterior margin of

the prothorax at the angles, and on either side of the median line

of the disk, more broadly near the base; they form an irregular band

extending from the base of the plytra at the outer side of the humeri

in the form of a lunule directed toward the middle of the suture,

thence zigzagging backward almost to the apex, leaving white areas

in the form of a broad triangle at the base, a band three intervals

wide on either side of the suture, and a small triangular spot at the

sides posteriorly. Head with eyes well separated, the interocular

area narrowest at middle, the beak robust, rather coarsely punctured

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

at the sides from base to apex, the second funicular segment just

perceptibly shorter than the first and the antennal club moderately

wide. Prothorax as long at sides as broad, the sides slightly narrow-

ing forward and sinuate. Elytra gradually arcuately narrowed pos-

teriorly, suddenly depressed before the apex, with apical margin

slightly elevated. Hind margin of second ventral segment faintly

bituberculate near the middle. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2637, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and one para-

type belonging to the California Academy of Sciences, collected

by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee at Independence, Inyo County, Cali-

fornia, June 15, 1929.

This very pretty little species should perhaps follow prince ps

Fall, according to his key. 1 It is also closely related to the

recently described mediatus Carr, but is smaller, with wider

interocular area, and larger scales.

Cylindrocopturus crassus Van Dyke, new species

Robust, subelliptical; black, the underside clothed with slaty gray

scales of various shades, the upper with dark slaty colored scales

except for a few white scales forming a line along the lateral margin

of the pronotum, and on the elytra a spot at the humeri, short lines

near the scutellum on the second and third intervals, a short trans-

verse bar at the posterior third from the first to the third or fourth

interval, a small spot on the eighth slightly in advance of the pre-

ceding, and a series of slaty gray scales extending obliquely outward

and backward from just back of the scutellar white scales. Head

with eyes well separated, the interocular space narrowest at center

and rapidly widening both above and below; beak robust, rather

coarsely punctured at the sides from base to apex, second funicular

segment slightly shorter than first, and antennal club robust and

fusiform. Prothorax slightly broader than long, sides somewhat

arcuate posteriorly, narrowed and constricted 'in front. Elytra rather

broadly arcuate at sides, faintly sinuate posteriorly, the disk dis-

tinctly convex, compressed before the apex, and the apices slightly

divergent. Hind margin of second ventral segment faintly bitubercu-

late at center, each tubercle with a tuft of erect scales. Length,

3.5 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2638, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and five para-

types from a series of eight specimens, two injured, under

No. 29,441, submitted to me by the California State Depart-

ment of Agriculture through Mr. Hartford Keifer. They were

i New species of American Coleoptera of the Tribe Zygopini, by Henry

C. Fall, Trans. Am. Entom. Soc., Vol. XXXII, pp. 53-61, 1906.

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE — NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

155

reared from chrysanthemum in San Mateo County, California,

November 18, 1929.

This robust and elliptical species may follow the preceding,

but it has a facies all its own. The markings of the elytra are

variable, the white scales often being more numerous than in

the type and the slaty gray scales sometimes covering most of

the disk.

Cylindrocopturus hemizoniae Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, black, the underside clothed with grayish

and grayish brown scales; upper side clothed with brown scales of

several shades except for a series of white scales on the occiput, at

times forming a stripe down the middle and along the sides of the

pronotum, a spot at the humeri, one on the third and fourth inter-

vals behind the middle and one on the eighth interval slightly in

advance of the preceding, the sutural intervals also often of a light

shade. Head with eyes well separated, the interocular space gradu-

ally narrowed to the center, the beak robust, coarsely and closely

punctured on sides toward base, more finely apically, the second

segment of funicle almost as long as the first, the antennal club

robust. Prothorax as long as broad, sides subparallel behind, slightly

sinuate and narrowed or slightly constricted in front. Elytra with

the sides moderately arcuate, somewhat sinuate before the middle,

the disk flattened, and the apical area depressed. Hind margin of

second ventral segment nontuberculate. Tarsi with but a few gray

scales on second segment. Length, 4.25 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2639, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and several

designated paratypes from a series of thirty-two specimens

reared at San Jose, California, April 15 and May 1, 1928, by

Mr. L. M. Smith. This species lives in the stems of one of our

native tarweeds, Hemizonia congest a DC.

This species is, of course, variable as to size, most speci-

mens being somewhat smaller than the type, but it is also vari-

able as to color, the gray or lighter brown scales often replacing

most of the dark brown of the elytral disk. A superficially

close resemblance in size and shape is shown to C. longulus

Lee., but it differs by having a shorter, more robust and heavily

punctured beak, more widely separated eyes, the elytral inter-

vals flat, never convex, and the darker scales dull, never coppery

as they are in longulus and its varieties.

Cylindrocopturus cretaceus Van Dyke, new species

Small, elongate, clothed with large chalky white scales over the

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

undersurface and much of the upper, the disk of pronotum with two

broad bands of somewhat brownish scales, the propleurae and disk

of elytra also often similarly clothed to a great extent as in the type,

though sometimes with but a minimum of brown scales. Head with

eyes fairly well separated, the interocular space narrowest at middle;

beak stout, slightly cristate and rather coarsely, closely punctured

from base to apex; second funicular segment subequal to first, the

antennal club well formed. Prothorax as long as broad; sides

slightly sinuate and subparallel, constricted near apex. Elytra with

sides somewhat arcuate, gradually narrowing posteriorly, the disk

flattened and the apex rather suddenly depressed. Hind margin of

second ventral segment nontuberculate. Length, 3 mm.; breadth,

1.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2640, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), collected

fourteen miles east of Oracle, Arizona, July 27, 1924, by Mr.

E. P. Van Duzee, and two paratypes, one collected at the same

locality as above by Mr. J. O. Martin, the other at Nogales,

Arizona, August 27, 1906, by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher, all

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

This small elongate species belongs near longulus, but it is

not only generally smaller but is without bronzed scales, with

the white scales more densely, uniformly placed and larger, the

interocular area broader and with its lateral boundaries more

arcuate, the beak stouter and more curved, and the entire disk

in general flatter. There is, as usual, some variation, the para-

types being smaller than the type and more uniformly white

in color.

Cylindrocopturus unicolor Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, subparallel, clothed above as well as beneath with scales

of a uniform white color. Head with eyes ratheij widely separated,

the interocular space two-thirds the width of an I eye, depressed so

as to form a shallow sulcus between the eyes, with a minute longi-

tudinal crista above and as usual narrowest in the middle; beak stout,

distinctly arched and rather coarsely punctured from base to apex;

second funicular segment just perceptibly shorter than the first, the

antennal club well formed. Prothorax slightly broader than long,

with sides almost parallel for basal two-thirds and faintly sinuate

as well, narrowed and constricted at apex, the disk barely convex

and cribrately punctured, the punctures in most cases concealed by

the scales. Elytra with sides almost parallel at basal half, thence

gradually arcuately narrowed posteriorly and sinuate slightly in

advance of apex, the disk flattened and gradually declivous near

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE NEW RHYNCHOPHORA 157

apex. Hind margin of second ventral segment nontuberculate.

Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.

Holotype in my collection (No. 2641, Mus. Calif. Acad.

Sci.), taken by myself at San Francisco, California, and para-

type, somewhat smaller, collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell at

Del Monte, Monterey County, California, July 25, 1924, in his

collection.

This species simulates cretaceus in general shape and appear-

ance except that it is proportionally longer, with the scales

smaller, of a more uniform color, more pearly and less of a

chalky white, the interocular space broader, the beak more

robust and arched, the elytra gradually declivous to apex and

the ventral segments likewise more gradually narrowed. Its

more parallel shape, more flattened dorsum, lack of color pat-

tern, broad interocular space, and more robust and arched beak

will also readily separate it from any of the phases of longulus.

Cylindrocopturus longulus (Lee.)

After examining a large series of specimens from many

places in the western part of our country, and with a knowledge

of their food trees furnished by Dr. H. E. Burke and others,

I am forced to conclude that this species is not only of wide

distribution but very variable as to color pattern and quite

catholic as regards its food plants. I thoroughly agree with

Fall 2 in placing nubilatus (Casey), subcupreus (Casey),

obscurellus (Casey), mucidus (Casey), and dispersus (Casey)

with longulus (Lee.) as mere color phases and would even go

further and include lunatus (Lee.). All of these breed in

coniferous trees. Typical longulus breeds in Douglas fir, Pseu-

dotsuga taxifolia Britt, the lodgepole pine, Pinus murrayana

Balf., and the true fir, Abies. Specimens answering perfectly

to the original description have been bred from grand fir, Abies

grandis Lindl., on Vancouver Island, by Mr. A. N. Chells, and

from lodgepole pine in the Yellowstone Park by Dr. H. E.

Burke. Typical nubilatus, which differ only in having the white

scales more diffused, have been taken along with longulus from

the Monterey pine, Pinus radiata Don., at Carmel, California,

close to the type locality for the former. Other specimens.

2 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXXII, p. 54, 1905.

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

some of which agree with the description of mucidus, have

been taken on Mount Hood, Oregon, at various places in

northern California, as well as at Idlewild on Mount San

Jacinto in southern California, from the western yellow pine,

Pinus ponderosa Dough Dr. Burke has also submitted two

specimens which belong with these, one taken from sugar pine,

Pinus lambertiana Dough, the other from the lodgepole pine.

A beautiful little variety, entirely bronzed above except for a

short white bar back of the middle of the elytra, has been bred

at Palo Alto, California, by Dr. Burke from both the Douglas

and the white fir, Abies concolor Lindl. and Gord., and I have

seen specimens of the same from Marin County, California,

as well as from Corvallis, Oregon, where presumably it lives

on the Douglas fir. Specimens which tally exactly with the

description of lunatus (Lee.) have also been taken in Marin

County as well as elsewhere. This species, judging from the

material before me, appears thus to vary from specimens almost

entirely clothed above with white scales to those almost entirely

bare of white scales, with the true longulus as the intermediate

color phase.

Tribe Cryptorhynchini

Conotrachelus cinereus Van Dyke, new species

Robust, piceous, the elytra moderately densely clothed with small,

narrow, light brown and broader white scales, the latter assembled

to form more or less transverse spots here and there over the sur-

face, each elytral interval also with a row of sparsely placed, minute,

erect white setae, the rest of the surface more sparsely clothed, the

prothorax also ornamented with two white spots and the femora

banded with white at the middle. Head moderately coarsely, densely

punctured; a well-defined fovea between the eyes; the beak long and

slender, slightly less than one-half the length of the body, distinctly

striate at base and rather finely punctured; the antennae inserted at

middle of beak, first funicular segment but four-fifths the length of

the greatly elongated second segment, the third and fourth together

about equal in length to the second, the third a bit longer than the

fourth. Prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate

to anterior third, then suddenly constricted and sinuate to lobed

apex; the disk with a well-defined, complete median longitudinal

carina, and the surface rather coarsely, closely and somewhat cri-

brately punctured. Elytra about one-third broader than prothorax

and two and a quarter times as long, the humeri prominent but

rounded, sides arcuate, and the posterior two-thirds gradually nar-

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE — NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

159

rowed to rounded apex; disk with third, fifth, seventh, and ninth

intervals elevated and cristate almost to apex, the even intervals

flat, and the striae faintly impressed, with rather large and closely

placed punctures. Beneath coarsely, closely punctured, a deep tri-

angular impression on last ventral. Mesosternum protuberant in

front. Front and middle femora slightly prominent where tooth

should be, and hind femora with a distinct but not prominent tooth.

Claws divergent and toothed. Length, 6.5 mm.; breadth, 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2642, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

specimen collected at Austin, Texas, December 7, 1928, by

Mr. J. O. Martin.

This rather large and robust species belongs in the cratcegi

group of the genus and is perhaps nearest to adspersus Lee.

and invadens Fall, but differs from both by the shape of the

prothorax, somewhat cordate elytra, and coloration, as well as

by the distinctly cristate alternate elytral intervals and broad,

flattened, even intervals. The distinctly striate beak and differ-

ent lengths to the funicular segments also differentiates it. It

is strange that such a conspicuous species from eastern Texas

should have remained so long unknown.

Conotrachelus asperatus Van Dyke, new species

Short, robust, dark brown, sparsely clothed above with brown

and yellowish white scalelike hair, the latter more or less arranged

in transverse bars across the elytra, and with short erect setae, the

shorter inclined forward on the pronotum, and the longer inclined

backward and arranged in rows on the intervals. Head moderately

closely, coarsely punctured, a yellowish squamous hair arising from

each puncture; beak robust, slightly arcuate, as long as head and

prothorax, carinate above, tricarinate laterally, moderately punctured

and with short semi-erect setiferous hairs; antennas inserted at outer

third of beak, second funicular segment slightly longer than first,

third and fourth short, together but little longer than second. Pro-

thorax about as wide as long, sides almost straight or faintly arcuate

at basal two-thirds and suddenly constricted near apex; disk coarsely

punctured, cribrate and without carina. Elytra two-fifths wider than

prothorax and over twice as long, cordiform, humeri prominent but

rounded, sides arcuate and gradually narrowed from base to apex;

disk with alternate intervals slightly elevated and carinate, the even

intervals flat, with a row of coarse, well-separated punctures on

either side, the basal margins of each puncture elevated so as to

form short, transverse, smooth rugae or asperities. Beneath very

coarsely, closely punctured, a short hair arising from each puncture.

Mesosternum prominent but not protuberant. All femora with a

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

single large tooth, tarsal claws divergent and toothed. Length,

5 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2643, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

collected at an altitude of 9000 feet, in Bear Foot Park, Chiri-

cahua Mountains, Arizona, July 29, 1927, by Mr. J. A. Kusche,

in my collection.

This species, because of its elytral asperities, is readily sepa-

rated from its somber relatives. Because of its cribrate and

noncarinate pronotum it should come before cribricollis (Say)

which it simulates in size and general appearance though it is

more elongate, with the punctures of pronotum not quite so

large and the alternate elytral intervals evidently elevated and

carinate.

Conotrachelus setiferous Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, short and robust, brown, the upper surface clothed

with brown and gray appressed scalelike hair, and longer, erect,

coarse setae, shorter on head and pronotum and inclined forward and

longer on the elytra, slightly inclined backward and arranged in

rows on the elytral intervals. The gray hairs are rather generally

dispersed though most noticeable on the front of the head, in the

form of an arcuate line near the sides of the pronotum, and in spots

at base of the third intervals; they are more or less massed about

the humeri and along the sides, and form several evident spots on

the alternate intervals near the declivity of the elytra, thus giving

them a tesselated appearance. Head closely, coarsely punctured, the

squamous hair arising from punctures; beak robust, slightly arcuate,

as long as prothorax, carinate above and at sides, and punctured

laterally in basal portion; antennae inserted at outer third of beak,

second funicular segment about as long as first. Prothorax broader

than long, sides rather broadly arcuate, constricted near apex, the

disk coarsely, cribrately punctured, and without a carina. Elytra

two-fifths wider than prothorax and nearly three times as long,

humeri prominent, rounded, sides arcuate and gradually narrowed

toward apex, with a slight sinuation just before the apex; the disk

with striae shallow but coarsely, closely punctured; all intervals mod-

erately equally elevated and convex. Beneath coarsely punctured,

with short squamous hairs arising from each puncture. Mesosternum

prominent, slightly protuberant. All femora armed with a single,

well-defined tooth, tarsal claws divergent and toothed. Length,

4.5 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2644, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

collected at Patagonia, Arizona, August 3, 1924, by Mr. E. P.

Van Duzee.

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

161

This species belongs near the preceding, but can readily be

separated by its smaller size, the presence of very robust, erect

setae, equally elevated elytral intervals, the absence of asperities,

more transverse prothorax, shorter body, and the color pattern.

It closely simulates cribricollis in size, shape and color pattern,

but has a more transverse prothorax, less coarse prothoracic

punctures, and longer setae.

Conotrachelus nigromaculatus Van Dyke, new species

Short and robust, reddish brown with an irregular black area

along the anterior half of the elytral suture; somewhat expanded in

front and widened out into a transverse bar behind the middle; the

upper surface sparsely clothed with white and yellowish white scale-

like hair, most evident' about the humeri and apical declivity, with

fine setae, sparse, short and inclined forward on head and pronotum,

and longer, slightly bent backward and arranged in rows on the

elytral intervals. Head coarsely, closely punctured, the beak robust,

slightly curved, as long as head and prothorax, carinate above and

laterally and coarsely punctured except at apex; antennae inserted

at outer third, the second funicular segment somewhat longer than

first. Prothorax somewhat broader than long, the sides arcuate and

narrowed from base and constricted before apex; the disk coarsely,

cribrately punctured and without a carina. Elytra two-fifths wider

than prothorax and about twice as long, the humeri prominent but

rounded, the sides arcuate and gradually narrowed toward apex, the

disk with striae coarsely and shallowly punctured, all intervals moder-

ately elevated, with the alternate ones somewhat carinate. Beneath

coarsely punctured, with short hair arising from each puncture.

Mesosternum prominent and but slightly protuberant. All femora

unidentate, the tarsal claws approximate and cleft. Length, 4.5 mm.;

breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2645, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and one para-

type, collected at Silver Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona,

altitude 4500 to 6000 feet, October 7, 1927, by Mr. J. A.

Kusche, in author’s collection.

This species belongs near echinatus Horn, but is consider-

ably larger, differently colored and with alternate elytral

intervals evidently carinate.

Rhyssematus beutenmuelleri Van Dyke, new species

Short, oval, robust; black, antennas and tarsi rufous, subopaque,

legs, undersurface, and much of elytra clothed with oval gray scales.

Head rather coarsely punctured, partly clothed with gray scales,

with a few erect black scales in front; eyes separated by a distance

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

equal to their own breadth, a small fovea between eyes; beak longer

than prothorax, not depressed at base, grossly punctured basally

and . smooth apically. Prothorax one-fourth broader at base than

long, sides arcuate and converging from base to beyond middle,

thence sinuate and constricted to apex, the disk with well-elevated

central crista and elsewhere rather coarsely and densely punctured,

without trace of strigae but with numerous erect black scales (it is

possible that in fresh specimens these clothed all of the disk). Elytra

about one-sixth wider than prothorax and twice as long, sides gradu-

ally arcuate from base almost to apex, where somewhat constricted;

disk with suture slightly elevated and the third, fifth, seventh, and

ninth intervals sharply cristate from base to apex, with two rows

of coarse, deep, oblong punctures between the cristae; the general

surface finely granular and subopaque. Body beneath somewhat

coarsely, closely punctured and opaque. Intermediate and posterior

tibiae not toothed or angulate some distance before the apex, each

femur with a moderate tooth, the anterior coxae fairly well separated.

Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, 3.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2646, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique

specimen in my collection, taken in the Black Mountains of

North Carolina, May 30, 1912, by Mr. William Beutenmueller.

This rather small black species can readily be separated

from any of our other eastern species by its more or less uni-

formly punctured pronotum, lack of pronotal rugae and the

presence of scaly vestiture.

Rhyssematus arizonicus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, oval, robust; black, antennae and tarsi rufo-

piceous, somewhat shining, the elytra, legs and undersurface sparsely

clothed with very fine and short white hair. Head moderately

coarsely and closely punctured, a yellowish scalelike hair arising

from each puncture; eyes very narrowly separated; beak not longer

than prothorax, robust and but slightly curved, not depressed at

base, coarsely punctured throughout basal area, smoother and more

finely, sparsely punctured toward apex, with a sharply defined medial

carina and several less distinctly marked lateral ones near the base.

Prothorax twice as broad at base as long, sides slightly arcuate and

rapidly converging toward apex before which it is slightly con-

stricted, the disk with fine though distinct and complete median

crista and numerous well-defined irregular though generally longi-

tudinally arranged rugae, more prominent at sides. Scutellum finely

punctured. Elytra slightly wider at humeri than prothorax and

about three times as long; sides sinuate posterior to humeri, thence

gradually arcuately narrowed to base; disk with suture slightly

elevated and with third, fifth, seventh, and ninth intervals cristate

APRIL, 1930 ] VAN DYKE NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

163

from base to apex; eighth and tenth cristate at base, with two rows

of coarse, deep oblong punctures between the cristae; general surface

irregularly punctured and rugose. Body beneath coarsely and rather

closely punctured, the last ventral segment much more finely and

closely punctured. Front coxae slightly separated, each femur with

a well-defined tooth; the intermediate and posterior tibiae without

defined teeth on outer surface before apex. Length, 7 mm.; breadth,

4.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 2647, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and paratype

from Prescott, Arizona, collected August 13, 1909 and June 20,

1909, by Mr. J. A. Kusche, and two paratypes from Dewey,

Arizona, in my collection.

This species does not fit the description of any of the

Mexican species and among our own species would come closest

to lineaticollis Say, from which it differs by being slightly

larger, more elongate, with the sides of the prothorax straighter

and more oblique, the dorsal crista better defined, the elytra

distinctly rugose and shining, not minutely granular and sub-

opaque, and by having a fine though sparse pubescence.

Rhyssematus acutecostatus Champ.

This large Mexican species may now be added to our list

It differs from the preceding by being slightly larger, more

piceous, with the head and beak at base coarsely, rugosely punc-

tured, the frontal striae less complete and more oblique, the

minute hair yellowish, the middle and posterior tibiae toothed

or angulate on their outer edge some distance before the tip

and with the space between this and the outer apical angle more

or less concave and ciliate. A specimen of this species is in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences which

was taken at Badger, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, July 31,

1924, by Mr. J. O. Martin.

Chalcodermus martini Van Dyke, new species

Short, oval, convex, black, antennae rufopiceous, elevated portions

slightly shining, and conspicuously clothed with a sparse, erect, white

setiferous pile, giving the insect a grayish appearance. Head alutace-

ous, rather coarsely, closely punctured in front; beak distinctly

longer than prothorax, slightly curved, coarsely punctured at base

and sides; eyes separated in front by about one-half the breadth of

the beak. Prothorax one-fourth wider at base than long; sides slightly

arched and convergent until near base, where rather suddenly con-

164 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

stricted; disk very coarsely punctured, the intervals between punc-

tures elevated into a series of longitudinal rugae at middle and

irregular reticulations laterally, the reticulation gradually disappear-

ing at sides beneath. Elytra somewhat over one-fifth broader at

base than prothorax, sides almost parallel at basal two-thirds, thence

gradually rounded to apex; disk with rows of very large, deep, and

rather closely placed punctures, the intervals slightly elevated and

convex and sparsely, very finely punctured. Beneath coarsely punc-

tured, the last ventral segment more finely and closely. Length

(without beak), 4.75 mm.; breadth, 2.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 2648, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique col-

lected by Mr. J. O. Martin in Sabino Canon, Santa Catalina

Mountains, Arizona, August 13, 1924.

This species, because of its conspicuous cinereous vestiture,

deep punctuation, and well-elevated intervals, stands apart from

all of its fellows and thus should be easily recognized. It seems

to resemble no Mexican species.

Tyloderma morbillosa (Lee.)

This species, described as having been taken in San Fran-

cisco, has not since been collected there. Recently, however,

it has been secured in numbers by Mr. W. W. Baker of the

Western Washington Agricultural Experiment Station near

Grand Mound, in western Washington. It is reported as being

quite injurious to strawberries.

Cophes gibbus Champ.

Three Arizona specimens of this large gray weevil, never

before reported from north of Mexico, have recently been seen.

The genus is close to Cryptorhynchus , but differs primarily by

having the anterior tarsi in the males greatly dilated and fringed

with long hairs on the inner side. Two of the specimens seen

belong to the California Academy of Sciences, one a male,

collected by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee near St. Xavier Mission,

Tucson, Arizona, July 29, 1924, and the other, a female, col-

lected by Mr. J. O. Martin in Florida Canon, Santa Rita Moun-

tains, Arizona, August 10, 1924. The third specimen is in the

collection of the Oregon Agricultural College and was taken

by Prof. W. J. Chamberlin, also in the Santa Rita Mountains

and on July 24.

APRIL, 1930] VAN DYKE— NEW RHYNCHOPHORA

165

Subfamily Calendrinas

Calendra (Sphenophorus) sequoiae Van Dyke

new species

Rather small, somewhat elongated, subparallel; black, varying

to reddish; undersurface and more elevated portions of upper shin-

ing, the depressed areas velvety (in fresh specimens). Rostrum

slightly more than half as long as prothorax, moderately arcuate

and compressed. Surface at base rather strongly and numerously

punctured, base strongly dilated above scrobes, where it is acutely

angled; interocular fossa deep and without channel in front. Front

of head rather finely punctured. Prothorax about one-sixth longer

than broad, widest at middle; sides slightly arcuate, suddenly and

strongly constricted at apex; disk with vittae well marked, the median

Y-shaped, narrowed behind, the arms in front broad and arched to

enclose the deep elliptical apical fossa, the lateral vittae broad and

more or less united with the median in front of middle; all vittae

rather finely punctured, the V-shaped depression between them at

base very coarsely punctured, elsewhere less coarsely so. Scutellum

declivous and channelled. Elytra more than one-sixth broader than

prothorax and one-fourth longer, gradually narrowed to apex; disk

moderately convex, the striae fine but coarsely, deeply and somewhat

remotely punctured, giving the intervals a crenulate appearance; the

alternate intervals broader, distinctly elevated and finely, uniseri-

ately punctured except the third which is biseriately punctured near

base; humeral and subapical callosities well marked, smooth and

shining. Beneath distinctly punctured throughout, the punctuation

closest on metasternum. Legs finely and sparsely punctured, tibiae

feebly fimbriate on inner side, anterior tibiae with outer angle pro-

tuberant, the others obliquely truncate, with inner angle produced

into a long spur. Pygidium coarsely, closely punctured behind, more

finely in front, and with minute tufts of silvery hair each side of

apex. Length (excluding beak), 7.5 mm.; breadth, 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 2649, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and nine

paratypes, collected by myself from near Camp Potwisha, alti-

tude 2100 feet, Sequoia National Park, California, June 13,

1929, in my collection.

This species belongs in the placidus group of the genus as

defined by Chittenden, 3 and should perhaps be placed in the

series with neomexicanus Chitt. and phosniciensis Chitt. From

the former, the fine punctuation of the pronotal vittae and the

regular and fine punctuation of the elytral intervals will sepa-

rate it ; and from the latter, the elevation of the alternate inter-

vals and coarse strial punctuation will distinguish it.

3 On the species of Sphenophorus hitherto considered as

Placidus Say, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, No. 3, pp. 130-137, June 25,

1904.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

CONCERNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

In Science for January 10, 1930, Professor J. G. Needham,

in an article on “Scientific Names,” makes a plea for simplify-

ing zoological nomenclature, suggesting a return to simple

binomials with fewer and larger genera. The “larger genera”

would appeal strongly to many and is right in line with a

suggestion made by me in the April, 1926 number of the

Pan-Pacific Entomologist (p. 215), that in ordinary use

we ignore the finer subdivisions of both genera and species

leaving such subdivisions for the taxonomist, to be . used as

subgenera, subspecies, or varieties if he so elect. Professor

Needham hits the nail squarely on the head when he says that

the number of generic names does concern the general worker

[in entomology] “for if he has to learn a new genus name for

almost every species that name is no aid at all, but an added

burden on his memory.”

We would most heartily endorse Professor Needham’s plea

for the more comprehensive genera, using their subdivision as

subgenera. Such subdivisions are of great value to the systema-

tise but of little or no interest to the economic entomologist.

The matter of trinomials and quadrinomials has recently

( Science , February 21, 1930, p. 217), been discussed by

Professor Cockerell in a very clear and satisfactory way. It is

hard to see how we could indicate the evolution of our species

without these minuter subdivisions. Professor Needham’s

method of using the names of the more important of these

subdivisions as species names would be particularly unfortu-

nate with the recent tendency to arrange species names alpha-

betically in our catalogues, where all indications of relationship

are lost. Most entomological systematists confine their studies

to some one group of insects, and if they use these names of

the minor divisions of genera and species in their proper logical

categories this multiplicity of names will, up to a reasonable

point, be a help to him by indicating the relationship and

development of the species. The economic entomologist again

can ignore these minor divisions. He can, for instance, use the

name Pieris napi for all forms of that species, ignoring the

subspecies, seasonal forms and aberrations.

APRIL, 1930] KEIFER — CYLINDROCOPTURUS LARVA

167

THE LARVA OF CYLINDROCOPTURUS CRASSUS

VAN DYKE

BY H. H. KEIFER

Sacramento , California

Since this weevil is a pest in flower gardens and is most

likely to be noted as such in the larval state, it seems advisable

to attempt a partial description in connection with that of the

adult to aid in future determination. These notes on the

external morphology are not intended to be complete but are

a series of remarks and figures to give the larva a taxonomic

status.

Infested chrysanthemum plants were sent to the Department

of Agriculture at Sacramento on August 8, 1929, from some

locality in San Mateo County by A. W. Tate, Jr. It was

immediately noted that several small weevil larvae in each stalk

had girdled the plant just under the bark at or immediately

below the ground line. On examining these stalks in the latter

part of November 1929, it appeared that the larvae had formed

small cells under the outer integument of the stem, pupated,

and transformed to adults.

The larva (Fig. 1) of this species will tentatively run to

the Cylindrocopturini in Boving’s key (see ref.) The spiracles

are as stated, but there is no posterior conical projection from

the ninth tergum of the abdomen. There is, however, a small

eyelike spot on each side of the head which is apparently within

the head capsule, but does not correspond to the eyelike spot

referred to in the above-mentioned key.

This Cylindrocopturus larva is approximately 5 mm. long. Its

general shape is cylindrical, cyrtosomatic, tapering very little. The

color is white and the hairs are not apparent, even under a binocular

microscope, with the exception of a few posterior dorsal setae. The

position of these setae could only be determined from stained mounts.

The head is light yellowish brown, elongate oval, four-fifths as

wide as long, at least half retracted into the prothorax. Conspicuous

whitish areas appear above: on the posterior half of the frons

(Fig. 2, /) ; a rather wide longitudinal area near and parallel to the

epicranial suture on each side. The frons is a little over half as long

as the epicranial suture; it is longer than wide and ends posteriorly

in an acute angle. The frontal carina (Fig. 1, car ) is very distinct,

about one-third the length of the frons. The frons has five setse and

two sensory spots on each side. The epicranium (Fig. 1, ep ) and

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

frons are at all places distinct. The epicranial setae are crowded

forward due to the position of the prothorax; apparently nine

anterior setae, five sensory spots (one back within the prothorax),

and four posterior minute setae on each side of the head. The

antennal lobe (Fig. 2, b ) is small and located near the mandible at

the suture separating the frons from the epicranium; the second

segment is very reduced, anteriorly placed on the first segment; five

sensory papillae are posteriorly placed on the first segment. The

ocellus (Fig. 2, o) is just posterior to the antenna and not pigmented.

The mandibles are not large or prominent, have no definite teeth,

but a rather wide grinding surface, and two small setae. The maxil-

lary mala (Fig. 2, a) tends to be flattened apically and has eleven

stout setae, the inner seven or eight bladelike. The , epipharyngeal

rods are subparallel and narrow, broadly joined posteriorly.

The body integument is generally covered with posteriorly pro-

jecting spinules. These spinules vary in size and number according

to location. On the body in general they are comparatively small

and arranged in almost scattered rows (Fig 1, d). Notable excep-

tions to this are found on the prothorax and the last few abdominal

sterna. On the prothorax a transverse band crosses the posterior

part of the tergum (Fig. 1, b ), where these small spines are crowded

and large; more or less dense areas also recur on the pleura and

the sternum of this segment. On the abdomen this condition also

occurs on the last three abdominal sterna (Fig. 1, g ).

The areas of the body are not very different from the majority

of described weevil larvae in regard to the number and position of

the setae. The prothoracic shield (Fig. 1, psh ) is rather large, with

ten conspicuous setae on each side of the tergum. The terga of

the other two thoracic segments are divided into the prescutum

(Fig. 1, prs ) and scuto-scutellum ( scl ), with one and four setae

respectively on each side. The alar area of each of these last two

segments has one seta which is directly below and in line with the

scuto-scutellar setae. On the thoracic epipleura (Fig. 1, epi, pre )

the prothorax shows no setae; the mesothorax has two on the pre-

epipleurum {pre) and two are on the metathorax. The hypopleurum

of the prothorax has two setae, with one each on the corresponding

area of the other two segments (Fig. 1, hyp). The coxal lobes (ex)

are inclined to be prominent and have six setae. There is one seta

on each side of the thoracic eusterna ( eus ).

Of the abdomen the first seven segments are alike. The tergum

of each shows four areas; the prescutum (prs) with one seta on

each side, the scutum (sc), the scutellum (scl) with five setae, and

the postscutellum (small and lateral) not attaining the dorsum ( pscl ).

Two alar setae are just above each spiracle. The epipleura (epi) and

hypopleura (hyp) are rather elongate, each of one lobe; they are

separated by a very distinct ventrolateral suture and have two setae

APRIL, 1930] KEIFER CYLINDROCOPTURUS LARVA

169

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

each. The parasterna (cx) have one seta each. The eusterna ( eus )

have a pair of setae on each side. A poststernellum is indicated on

each segment. The eighth segment (A g ) is like the preceding except

that it has but two tergal areas, and one and three setae on each

lobe, respectively. The ninth (A g ) is still further reduced, with two

dorsal, two lateral, and two ventral setae on one side. The tenth

(A 10 ) is very reduced, with two setae on each side.

The spiracles (Fig. 1, a ; 1, c; 1, e; 1, /) are bifore, the air tubes

extending well beyond the atrium (Fig. 1, a, atr ). The air tubes

(at) are annulate, with the anterior (or dorsal) tube usually longer

and somewhat curved onto the other. The mesothoracic spiracle

(Fig. 1, a) is largest, the air tubes (at) point dorsally and some-

what posteriorly, the anterior tube has six or seven annulae, the

posterior tube with four or five. The abdominal spiracles are gener-

ally smaller. The first (Fig. 1, c) is inclined more posteriorly than

the mesothoracic, with four or five annulae on the anterior tube and

three or four on the posterior. The fifth (Fig. 1, e) points directly

posteriorly (horizontal to the body) with about the same, number

of annulae on each tube. The eighth (Fig. 1, /) is somewhat larger

than the average and has about as many annulae as the mesothoracic

spiracle, with more on the ventral tube.

Reference

Boving, A. E.: Immature Stages of Eumycterus (?) saccharidis

Barber, with comments on the classification of the tribe Barini

(Coleoptera; Curculionidae), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 29, p. 151,

1927.

The Plate

Figure 1 — Larvae of Cylindrocopturus crassus Van Dyke; A x to A 10

abdominal segments; cx, coxal or parasternal lobes; epi, epipleurum;

eus, eusternum; hyp, hypopleurum; pre, preepipleurum; prs, pre-

scutum; pscl, postscutellum; pah, prothoracic shield; sc, scutum;

scl, scutellum; sscl, scuto-scutellum; T x , T 2 , T g , thoracic segments.

Figure 1, a — Mesothoracic spiracle; at, air tubes; atr, atrium; cla,

closing apparatus. Figure 1, b — Spinules of prothoracic tergum.

Figure 1, c — First abdominal spiracle. Figure 1, d — Spinules as

found on the body in general. Figure 1, e — Fifth abdominal spiracle.

Figure 1, / — Eighth abdominal spiracle. Figure 1, ^—Spinules as

on the last two or three abdominal sterna.

Figure 2 — Anterior view of head; car, median frontal carina; ep,

epicranium; fr, frons; md, mandible; o, ocellus. Figure 2, a — Ental

view of right maxillary mala. Figure 2, b — Antenna: the first seg-

ment is the basal part, the second segment is to the left, the sensory

papillae are on the right.

APRIL, 1930]

BLAISDELL DINACOMA

171

REVISION OF THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF

DINACOMA WITH DESCRIPTION OF A

NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA:

SCARABzEIDyE)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School, San Francisco, California

In 1885 Thomas L. Casey announced a new scarabseid,

Polyphylla marginata, without description. In 1886 the descrip-

tion of the species appeared under the generic caption of Thyce

marginata. In 1889 a new genus was established for the species

by Casey, namely, Dinacoma. According to him the characters

agreeing with Thyce are the structure of the labial palpi and

tarsal claws, and those agreeing with Polyphylla are the greatly

developed male antennal club and the ‘-short” tarsi. On account

of the disconnected publication of the original descriptions the

following revision is presented. Colonel Casey’s generic char-

acterization follows with slight modification :

Dinacoma Casey (Melolonthini)

Clypeus concave, parallel and subtruncate at apex; mentum mod-

erate, concave, subquadrate and connate with the ligula; the latter

transverse and feebly emarginate at apex. Maxillae moderate, the

palpi well developed; first joint very small, narrow and obconical;

second and third longer than wide, the former the longer, both

obconical and obliquely truncate; fourth slightly shorter than the

preceding three together, pointed, deeply impressed or excavated on

its outer face. Labial palpi very small; third joint ovoidal, obtusely

acuminate, as long as the two preceding together. Labrum short,

transverse, free, impressed in the middle. Antennae ten-jointed;

middle joints of funicle subankylosed, short; club trifoliate, very

long and arcuate in the males. Anterior coxae transverse, but slightly

prominent. Metasternal episterna moderate in width. Abdominal

segments connate, the sutures fine but not entirely obliterated, ren-

dered distinct by the disposition of the vestiture. Metasternum well

developed. Legs rather short and slender; tarsi moderate in length,

the posterior shorter than the tibiae; claws moderately evenly and

strongly arcuate, toothed near the base, the teeth distinctly unequal,

especially the anterior.

In both of the known species the anterior tibiae have two

teeth exclusive of the exterior and very pronounced apical spur;

these teeth are very unequal, the one nearer the base being very

short and obtuse.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

Dinacoma marginata Casey

Form moderately robust to somewhat parallel; sides more or

less distinctly arcuate, least so in the parallel form. Color rufo-

fuscous, the anterior parts somewhat piceous, legs fuscous. Head,

pronotum and femora abundantly clothed with long flying hairs, less

abundant on the abdomen and sparser and shorter on the tibiae;

sterna extremely densely clothed with long, soft, cinereo-fuscous

pile. Squamous vestiture albo-plumbeous. Pronotum with three

posteriorly divergent vittae of cinereous squamae, the exterior ones

widest and interrupted in the middle, the median finer and more or

less obsolete, especially toward the base. Each elytron having along

the exterior edge a very wide line of plumbeo-cinereous and slender

squamae not very closely placed, which is incurved at apex, continu-

ing thence along the suture as a narrow, whiter and usually better

defined line to the base; between these another very fine vitta, termi-

nating at about one-fifth of the length from the apex; squamae of

the intervening areas slender and sparser, while those of the vittae

and those otherwise distributed are stouter, all lanceolate and linearly

acuminate apically, to linear or even hairlike. On the pronotum the

visible surface between the vittae is very sparsely punctate; punc-

tures coarse, circular, variolate and shallow, each giving rise to a

squama or a long, more or less erect, hair. Scutellum very densely

clothed with cinereous squamae. Beneath the indexed sides of the

pronotum and mesosternal and metasternal parapleurae in part are

densely clothed with albo-cinereous squamae, each ventral segment

has an irregular spot of similar character each side next to the

epipleurae; abdominal surface sparsely clothed with smaller lanceo-

late squamae. Head rather densely clothed with long flying hairs,

intermixed with moderately narrow lanceolate squamae at periphery,

especially on the clypeus, these more or less obsolete centrally and

replaced by hairs; beneath, the hairs are more abundant and longer.

Head, excluding the eyes, slightly longer than wide, subquadrate;

clypeus moderately reflexed, apex broadly and feebly sinuate, angles

rectangular; frons densely and coarsely punctate, clypeus less so.

Antennse well developed, club three and a half times longer than

wide and two and a fifth times longer than the funicle; the folia

wider at apex than at base. Funicular joints nearly equal in length,

the fifth and sixth with club in adduction appear transverse and

briefly produced anteriorly; with club in abduction they appear

longer and subequal to each of the other joints (Fig 9); scape

obconical, short, and less than twice as long as wide at apex.

Pronotum widest at middle and there moderately arcuate, about

one-half wider than long; sides thence strongly convergent and

feebly arcuate to the apical angles which are very obtuse, toward

base feebly convergent and straight to the basal angles, the latter

obtuse and more or less rounded; base strongly arcuate, especially

APRIL, 1930]

173

BLAISDELL — DINACOMA

in middle third, and feebly sinuate laterally toward each angle; disk

strongly convex from side to side, sparsely and irregularly punctate,

punctures shallow, variolate and circular, smaller and denser in the

densely squamous areas.

Elytra at base slightly wider than the prothorax, sides parallel

and more or less arcuate, together slightly less than one-half longer

than wide, two and a half times as long as the pronotum, finely,

sparsely, feebly and irregularly punctate, punctures somewhat asper-

ate; apices separately rounded, sutural angles obtuse.

Pygidium slightly wider than long, feebly convex, finely and

rather sparsely punctate, moderately sparsely and evenly clothed

with small, slender squamae and intermixed hairs. Posterior tarsi

three-fourths as long as the tibiae. Claws moderate, having a small

erect tooth interiorly near the base; tooth of outer anterior claw

small or obsolete with inferior margin thence to base more or less

sinuate; inner teeth of the middle and posterior claws a little smaller

than the outer.

Males with a large and rather feeble, more or less variable

impression in the middle of the abdomen near the base. Female

unknown.

Holotype, a male, in the Casey collection deposited in the

United States National Museum. Length, 19 mm. ; width,

8.5 mm.

Type locality : San Diego County, California, undoubtedly

Ocean Beach near San Diego. Casey mentions five or six

specimens taken by Mr. G. W. Dunn and that he received the

type specimen from Mr. W. G. W. Harford. Six specimens

studied as follows : Three in the Van Dyke collection, two

taken by E. L. Ricksecker at Ocean Beach, and one collected

at Riverside, California, July, 1914; one presented to the collec-

tion of the California Academy of Sciences by Dr. F. C. Clark,

also taken at Ocean Beach ; and two in the author’s collection,

taken by George Field at Ocean Beach on June 28, 1897. A

specimen has been submitted to Mr. L. L. Buchanan, custodian

of the Casey collection in the National Museum, who has very

carefully compared it with the type and vouches for the correct-

ness of the identification.

The specimen from Riverside presents some divergence

from the typical marginata : the clypeus is moderately deeply

and triangularly emarginate and the elytra are not noticeably

vittate ; the abdomen is more densely squamous and the lateral

white spots not defined. Two other specimens taken at San

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

Diego by Mr. Field present other divergencies. These speci-

mens may represent other species or subspecies.

In marginata the apical deflexed surface of the clypeus is

glabrous and shining, with a row of slightly irregularly placed

punctures at base near the labrum, each puncture well defined,

coarse, shallow, and setigerous. The labrum is deeply and

broadly emarginate, the rounded floor of the sinus is flush with

the deflexed surface of the clypeus, the lateral lobes are small

and obtusely rounded on the apical margin and not beaded.

Dinacoma caseyi Blaisdell, new species

Form moderately robust to somewhat parallel, in the former the

sides are distinctly arcuate, less so in the parallel form. Moderately

rufous in color. Squamous vestiture and pubescence albo-cinereous

throughout. Head, pronotum, and legs rather sparsely clothed with

long, soft, flying hairs, abdominal segments less so; sterna extremely

densely invested with long, soft pile; anterior margin of the femora

fimbriate with similar hairs. Head, pronotum and pygidium densely

squamous, more or less hiding the general surface, sparser on the

femora and tibiae; squamae extremely dense on the scutellum and

undersurface of the body, especially on the abdominal segments.

Pronotum with a more or less broad lateral vitta (usually attaining

the margin) of densely placed squamae, and a narrow median more

or less evident vitta. Each elytron not densely squamous, a sub-

sutural narrow vitta is most noticeable, lateral vittae obsolete, a

narrow median vitta is sometimes almost evident, always evanescent

apically. Squamae lanceolate and less elongate than in marginata,

much less acuminate at apex.

Head excluding the eyes scarcely longer than wide, quite quad-

rate; clypeus rather less than moderately reflexed, apex truncate and

feebly sinuate, angles rectangular, sides distinctly parallel; coarsely

punctate, punctures circular, shallow and variolate, hidden by the

bases of the squamae when not desquamated, exposed piliferous

punctures much fewer than in marginata. Apical deflexed surface of

the clypeus glabrous, with a transverse line of coarse subobsolete

setigerous punctures at middle; labrum deeply emarginate and im-

pressed at middle and flush with the clypeal surface, lobes small and

more or less beaded at apex. Antennae well developed, club three

and a half times longer than wide and two and a seventh times

longer than the funicle, folia narrowed in about basal fourth and

therefore widest at apex, the latter evenly rounded; funicle rather

stout, second joint a little longer than the third, the latter and others

quite equal in length when the club is abducted (Fig. 9); the last

two funicular joints appear transverse and slightly produced anteri-

orly and flattened, when the club is adducted.

APRIL, 1930]

BLAISDELL DINACOM A

175

Pronotum widest at middle, where the sides are rather strongly

arcuate and at that point a half wider than long, thence strongly

convergent and slightly arcuate to the obtusely rounded apical angles,

feebly convergent and almost straight to the moderately rounded

basal angles; apex transverse in circular arc; base arcuate, feebly

subangulate at middle, thence feebly sinuate laterally toward each

angle; disk quite strongly convex from side to side, densely punc-

tate, punctures circular, coarse, shallow and variolate when visible,

base of each squama neatly fitted to the contour of the puncture,

piliferous punctures not conspicuous and fewer in number than in

marginata ; lateral margins very loosely fimbriate with very long,

recurving hairs.

Elytra at base slightly wider than the prothorax, sides parallel

and more or less arcuate, together about a third longer than wide

and about two and a half times as long as the pronotum; finely, not

densely, feebly and irregularly punctate, punctures not noticeably

asperulate; apices feebly subtruncate, each slightly inwardly oblique

toward the obtuse sutural angle.

Pygidium about a fourth wider than long, convex, finely and

rather densely punctate. Posterior tarsi a fifth of their length shorter

than the tibia. Claws toothed near the base, teeth well developed,

tooth of outer anterior claw small or obsolescent, the inner of the

middle and hind tarsi slightly smaller than the outer.

Males with the abdominal segments slightly flattened or impressed

along the middle. Female unknown.

Holotype, in my collection, a male (No. 2650, Mus. Calif.

Acad. Sci.). Length, 19 mm.; width, 8 mm.

Type locality : Palm Springs, Imperial County, California;

collected on May 10, 1923. Six specimens studied, five being

paratypes, one to be deposited in the collection of the United

States National Museum.

Distribution : Southeastern California. Taken at Palm

Springs by Mr. J. O. Martin on June 8, 1916; and in River-

side County on April 17 by Mr. E. R. Leach. Specimens have

also been examined in the collection of James E. Cottle that

were taken in the vicinity of Palm Springs.

Caseyi .differs in many characters from marginata — the

rufous color, obsolete elytral vittae, and the snowy white squa-

mous vestiture that is extremely dense on the abdominal

segments. In marginata the squamous vestiture is sparser,

especially on the abdomen, the elytra distinctly vittate, and the

color is more fuscous than rufous. Marginata is Polyphylla-

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

like in facies, while caseyi is more Thyce-like, except for the

antennal club.

The male genitalia of marginata is figured below and com-

pared with that of a male Polyphylla 10-lineata. The differ-

ences are very evident. In marginata the claspers have a tooth

or hook on the inferior margin near apex, while in Polyphylla

the claspers are decurved and incurved at apex.

In the species of Dinacoma the following device for main-

taining the eyes free from foreign materials which obscure the

vision may be described as follows : The eyes are deeply emargi-

nated by a digitiform extension of the lateral frontal margin;

the surface of the process is coarsely punctate. From the

punctures arise moderately long and erect, rather rigid seti-

form hairs. The posterior surface of the first antennal joint

or scape is quite densely fimbriate with unusually long apically

curved hairs, which, when the antennae are moved backward

and forward, sweep the anterior part of the eyes and, in the

backward movement, interdigitate with the erect hairs of the

emarginating process which act as a comb, freeing the antennal

fimbriae from dirt. The posterior portion of each eye is swept

by the postocular apical pronotal fimbriae when the head is

extended or retracted; also when the head is moved from side

to side. The device is better developed in marginata than in

caseyi. It is poorly developed in Polyphylla.

All comparative measurements have been made from camera

lucida tracings. The measurements given above differ con-

siderably from those given by Colonel Casey. In such scara-

baeids as Polyphylla and Dinacoma with large antennal clubs,

the club should be abducted at right angles to the long axis of

the funicle, which is straightened thereby, before making the

comparative measurements ; when the club is adducted the fifth

and sixth funicular joints appear much abbreviated. Casey

states that the tarsi are short; by direct measurement a pos-

terior tarsus is found to be one-fifth of their own length shorter

than the tibia. The author, therefore, states that the tarsi are

moderate in length.

Synoptic Statement

Elytra vittate; color rufo-fuscous to more or less piceous; squamous

vestiture not extremely dense on sterna and abdomen; squamae

APRIL, 1930]

BL AI SDELL — DI N A CO M A

177

linearly acuminate at apex marginata Casey

Elytra not vittate; color rufous; squamous vestiture extremely

dense on sterna and abdomen, albo-cinereous in color; squamae

acutely acuminate at apex caseyi, new species

Bibliography

Casey, Thomas L.: Polyphylla marginata (announced as). Bull. Calif.

Acad. Sciences, I, p. 285. Issued December 15, 1885.

Thyce marginata. Bull. Calif. Acad. Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 5,

September 1886, pp. 39-40.

Dinacoma, n. gen. Coleop. Notices I, Annals N. Y. Acad.

Sciences, 1889, p. 174.

1, male genitalia of Dinacoma marginata, dorsal view; 2, ditto,

ventral view; 3, ditto, lateral view; 4, male genitalia of Polyphylla

10-lineata, dorsal view; 5, ditto, ventral view; 6, ditto, lateral view.

7, terminal joint of maxillary palpus of marginata'. (a) outer surface,

(b) upper surface, (c) inner surface. 8, ditto of Dinacoma caseyi :

(a) outer surface, (b) upper surface, (c) inner surface. 9, antennal

funicle of caseyi, club abducted at right angles to long axis of funicle,

condyles of fifth and sixth joints showing; with club in adduction

the fifth and sixth joints are transverse, condyles not visible.

10, anterior tarsal claws of caseyi : (a) inner, (b) outer. 11, anterior

claws of marginata'. (a) outer, (b) inner. 12, posterior left tarsal

claws: (a) outer, (b) inner. 13, predominating squamae of marginata.

14, predominating squamae of caseyi.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

TERMITES COLLECTED BY T. T. CRAIG ON

SOCORRO ISLAND

BY S. F. LIGHT

Department of Zoology, University of California

In a recent note in this journal (1929) on the distribution

of termites in Lower California, I pointed out that the six

species known from that region are found also in California

or Arizona. Through the kindness of Mr. T. T. Craig I have

received for study three species of termites, collected by him

in March 1928 on Socorro Island. Socorro Island lies in

18 degrees 45 minutes north latitude and 111 degrees west

longitude, approximately three hundred miles nearly due south

of the southern extremity of Lower California and some four

hundred miles west of the coast of Mexico proper. While one

of the species in this collection, Kalotermes hubbardi Banks,

is found in Lower California, the other two seem to indicate

a closer relation of the Socorro Island fauna to that of the

mainland of Mexico. Small as this collection is, it furnishes

very important information and provides another example of

the extremely interesting finds awaiting the collector and student

of termites in the Mexican region.

To insure correctness of identification in a region outside my

previous experience, I sent the collection to Dr. T. E. Snyder

of the United States Bureau of Entomology, well known

authority on termites of the Americas, who confirmed my

identification of the species represented as follows : Kalotermes

hubbardi Banks ; Kalotermes fouteli Banks ; Cryptotermes sp.

(a single dealate).

Mr. Craig’s collections were made from mangrove logs in

a dry wash near Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island. His descrip-

tion (in lit.) of the vegetation of the island is of interest:

“The island — at least what I saw of it in my two hundred

and five hours — is covered with a dense growth of brush,

similar to the chapparal here at home, but about half again as

high and many times more dense, unbelievably dense. It was,

therefore, almost impossible to make any headway except by

crawling in, under, and about the low mangrove trees that grow

in the washes, very dry when I was there.”

APRIL, 1930] LIGHT SOCORRO TERMITES

179

Kalotermes hubbardi Banks

This record extends the range of Kalotermes hubbardi two

hundred and fifty miles to the south of Cape San Lucas, where

it was reported by Banks and Snyder (1920, Bulletin 108,

United States National Museum) and in my recent note.

The present collection consists of a number of soldiers and

nymphs. The soldiers are smaller than those commonly encoun-

tered, and certain other differences are apparent. Most strik-

ing of these are the greater length of the third antennal segment

and the pronotum. These differences are brought out by the

measurements and indices given below. Whether they repre-

sent anything more than the variation normal to the species

can only be determined when more material is available for

study.

Differences in size and proportion between a soldier of

Kalotermes hubbardi Banks from Socorro Island, Mexico, and

one from Phoenix, Arizona. Measurements in millimeters.

Socorro Island Phoenix

Measurement or Index Specimen Specimen

Head width 1.61 1.76

Head length 1.83 2.10

Head index (head width divided by head

length) 0.88 0.83

Mandible length 1.39 1.47

Mandible-head index (mandible length by

head length) 0.76 0.69

Length of third antennal segment 0.62 0.57

Third antennal segment index (length of seg-

ment by head length) 0.35 0.27

Pronotum width i 1.32 1.61

Minimum pronotum length 0.62 0.775

Maximum pronotum length 0.93 1.008

Pronotal index (maximum length by width) 0.56 0.626

Kalotermes jouteli Banks

This large and interesting species was previously known

only from the east coast of Mexico, southeastern Florida, and

Cuba. Mr. Craig’s collection of a single soldier on Socorro

Island gives it a remarkable east and west range of some 1400

miles and makes it probable that it will be found throughout

much of Mexico.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

Cryptotermes Sp.

It seems unwise to attempt a specific identification of the

single dealate Cryptotermes individual. It is particularly inter-

esting, however, as representing the first record for the genus

in western North America. Indeed the only record west of

the eastern coast of Florida is that of a single specimen taken

at Cotulla, Texas, which Banks has described (1920) as

Cryptotermes infumutus.

NOTES ON TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

When newly deposited eggs of the orange Tortrix were

parasitized by Trichogramma and placed in an incubator at

about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, the adult parasites emerged eight

to nine days later. The larvae from unparasitized eggs emerged

at the same time.

One female Trichogramma oviposited eight times within

fifteen minutes. Less than seven hours later the movement of

newly hatched Trichogramma larvae could be observed within

the eggs. Twenty-four hours after oviposition some of the

larvae measured .32 of a millimeter in length and .13 of a milli-

meter in width. About forty-eight hours after hatching, the

larvae were full grown. The appendages of the larva consist

only of a pair of slender, curved mandibles, which are appar-

ently functionless.

After the larva has ingested all of the contents of the host

egg, it apparently voids liquid fecal matter which spreads in

a thin film over the inner surface of the host egg shell, drying

into white crystal-like particles. This excrement, as well as the

egg shell, usually turns black just prior to the pupation of the

parasites. The cause of this common phenomenon is not known.

If Trichogramma oviposits in an egg after the embryo is

about three-fifths developed, the embryo is destroyed but the

parasite rarely completes its development.

The parasite just before its emergence from the egg is posi-

tively phototropic since it cuts an exit hole on the side exposed

to the strongest light.

APRIL, 1930] FLANDERS— TRICHOGR AM M A

181

Trichogramma obtained from different localities may exhibit

marked differences in fecundity and in the retention of pigmen-

tation when reared under the same environmental conditions.

Females from Yucaipa, California, a hot, dry interior section,

lose their pigmentation when reared at room temperatures.

Those from Saticoy, a cool, humid section, lose their pigmenta-

tion at higher temperatures, while a strain from El Dorado,

Mexico, a hot, humid region, retains its pigmentation at all

temperatures. In each case the density of pigmentation

decreases with the rising temperature.

The difference in the fecundity of the females of these

different strains when placed with Sitotroga eggs varied like-

wise, being decidedly low for the Yucaipa strain and very high

for the Mexican strain.

The Yucaipa and Saticoy strains interbreed readily. All

attempts of the writer to cross these strains with the Mexican

have been unsuccessful. Copulation occurs, but the progeny

are all males.

When the eggs of Ephestia cautella are parasitized and then

held submerged in water for a week at 85 degrees Fahrenheit,

the parasites develop normally up to the late pupal period and

then die. It thus appears that the oxygen requirements of

Trichogramma prior to the late pupal period are quite low.

Phlceosinus Kills Trees

There has been some question whether or not the cypress

bark beetle, Phlceosinus cristatus Lee., could kill a healthy tree.

Whether it will attack a vigorous growing tree has not been

determined, but very few trees are in full vigor all their lives.

Sooner or later a few unfavorable years slow up the growth

and place them below par in health. The writer has observed

several trees that were attacked from fifteen to twenty years

ago and one side of the main trunk was killed. Since then the

trees recovered, became vigorous enough to lay on five inches

of wood over the edges of the wounds, and at present are alive

and vigorous. Others survived the first attack and recovered,

but were killed by later attacks. — H. E. Burke.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

NOTES ON UTAH SYRPHID2E 1

BY G. F. KNOWLTON AND H. J. PACK 2

In connection with a study of the aphids occurring in the

state, work toward a list of the syrphids of Utah was com-

menced in 1923. Mr. David G. Hall accompanied the senior

author in a collecting trip over much of Utah during the summer

of 1925 ; during this time a number of syrphids were collected.

The writers are indebted to Mr. Hall for a list of Utah syrphids

collected by himself and for the determination of much of the

material in the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station collec-

tion. Dr. Vasco M. Tanner very kindly consented to our use

of data from specimens in the collection of the Entomology

Department at the Brigham Young University. The writers

are also indebted to Messrs. C. H. Curran, C. T. Greene, and

C. R. Jones for the determination of much of the material

recorded in this list.

Family Syrphidce

1. Chrysotoxum derivatum Walker

Dividend (Spalding 3 ); Logan, June 1925 (Hall and Knowlton).

Also collected at Black Sands Basin, Yellowstone National Park,

Wyoming (Tanner).

2. Chrysotoxum integrum Williston

Aspen Grove, Timpanogos, July 1926 (Tanner); La Sal Moun-

tains, June 1927 (Tanner); Logan Canyon, June 1923 (Knowlton);

Raft River Mountains, June 1928 (Beck) ; Parowan, August 1929

(Tanner). Also collected at Lava Hot Springs, Idaho (Beck).

3. Chrysotoxum ypsilon Williston

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1927 (Tanner).

4. Chrysogaster bellula Williston

Spring Hollow in Logan Canyon, August 28, 1925 (Knowlton).

5. Chrysogaster parva Shannon

Logan, May 2, 1923 (Knowlton) ; Logan Canyon, July 1925

(Hall).

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural

Experiment Station.

2 Died January 5, 1930.

3 Unless otherwise indicated, localities listed are in Utah. Publication

authorized by director February 28, 1930.

APRIL, 1930] KNOWLTON AND PACK SYRPHID^

183

6. Pipiza californica Davidson

St. George, July 1925 (Hall).

7. Paragus bicolor Fabricius

Logan, May 17, 1929 (Knowlton); St. George, July 1925 (Hall).

8. Paragus tibialis Fallen

Portage, August 20, 1926 (Knowlton); Sheep Creek, Duchesne

County, June 1926 (Tanner); Willard, September 10, 1925 (Knowl-

ton). Also collected at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, June

1927 (Tanner).

9. Paragus angustifrons Loew

Riverdale, September 14, 1925 (Knowlton).

10. Chilosia occidentalis Williston

City Creek Canyon, June 1925 (Hall and Knowlton).

11. Baccha lemur Osten Sacken

Cedar Breaks, June 1925 (Hall and Knowlton); Duchesne, July

1926 (Tanner); Dividend, July 17 (Spalding); Indianola, June 1929

(Tanner).

12. Pyroph^na ocymi Fabricius

Cedar City, July 1925 (Hall).

13. Pyrophvena granditarsus Forster

Brigham City, September 10, 1925 (Knowlton) ; Corinne, Sep-

tember 9, 1925 (Knowlton).

14. Platychirus quadratus Say

Logan Canyon, July 1925 (Hall).

15. Melanostoma ccerulescens Williston

Miner’s Peak, July 11, 1919; Tony Grove Park in Logan Canyon,

July 1925 (Hall).

16. Melanostoma concinnum Snow

Tony Grove Park in Logan Canyon, August 1925 (Hall).

17. Melanostoma mellinum Linnaeus

Lewiston, 1925 (Knowlton).

18. Melanostoma stegnum Say

Logan, May 19, 1924 (Knowlton).

19. Melanostoma tigrinum Williston

Logan, June 1925 (Hall).

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

20. Melanostoma obscurum Williston

Brigham City, September 1928 (Knowlton); Logan, June 1925

(Hall); Miner’s Peak, June 11, 1919; St. George, July 1925 (Hall);

Wellsville.

21. Eupeodes braggi Jones

Madison River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, July 1929

(Beck).

22. Eupeodes volucris Osten Sacken

Aspen Grove, Timpanogos, August 1926 (Tanner); Bear River

Bay, July 7, 1925 (Hall); Bear River City, July 1929 (Knowlton);

Bluff (Rasmussen); Bountiful (Knowlton); Brigham City, Sep-

tember 2, 1927 (Knowlton); Cedar City, July 22, 1926 (Knowlton);

Coal Creek, Deep Creek Mountains, June 1928 (Tanner); Dividend

(Spalding); Glacier Lake, Timpanogos (Tanner); Indianola, June

1929 (Tanner); Logan, July 14, 1923 (Knowlton); Logan Canyon,

June 24, 1925 (Hall); Moab (Call); Parowan, August 1929 (Tanner);

on beets at Pleasant View, June 1928 (Knowlton); Provo (Brown

and Curtis); Portage, July 20, 1927 (Knowlton); Salt Lake City,

July 28, 1923 (Knowlton); Torry, June 26, 1926 (Knowlton and

Titus); Wellsville Canyon, June 1926 (Brown); Widtsoe, August

1929 (Tanner); Zion National Park (Tanner and Bentley). Also

collected at Kaibab Forest, Arizona, July 1927 (Call); Rim of Grand

Canyon, Kaibab Forest, Arizona, 1927 (Tanner); Mesa Verde

National Park, Colorado, June 1927 (Tanner); Lewis Lake, Yellow-

stone National Park, Wyoming, July 1929 (Tanner).

23. Lasiophthicus pyrastri (Linnaeus)

Aspen Grove, Timpanogos, July 1926 (Tanner); Bluff, July 1927

(Call); Logan, May 19, 1924 (Knowlton); La Sal Mountains, Mount

Tuhuhnikivats (Tanner); Miner’s Peak, July 12, 1919; Indianola

(Tanner); Murray, July 3, 1908; Provo (Tanner); Raft River Moun-

tains, June 1928 (Tanner); Salt Lake City, June 16, 1929 (Tanner);

Wellsville Canyon, June 1926 (Cottam); Zion National Park

(Liddle). Also collected at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June 1926

(Brown); Herford Ranger Station, Idaho (Tanner).

24. Syrphus americanus Wiedemann

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1927 (Tanner);

City Creek Canyon, June 1925 (Hall and Knowlton); Deep Creek

Mountains, June 1928 (Tanner); Miner’s Peak, June 11, 1919; Pine

Valley (Liddle); St. George, May 26, 1919; Zion National Park, 1926

(Knowlton).

25. Syrphus arcuatus (Fallen)

Logan, July 1924 (Knowlton); Logan Canyon, June 1923 (Knowl-

ton); Plain City, June 7, 1929 (Knowlton); Provo (Rowe); Wells-

APRIL, 1930] KNOWLTON AND PACK SYRPHIDiE 185

ville Canyon, June 1926 (Tanner). Also collected at Mink Creek,

Immigration Canyon, Idaho (Hall and Knowlton) ; Fort Bridger,

Wyoming, June 1926 (Tanner); Lake Hotel, Yellowstone National

Park, Wyoming, July 1929 (Tanner).

26. Syrphus opinator Osten Sacken

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1925 (Tanner);

Bryce Canyon National Park, August 1929 (Tanner); numerous at

Bountiful, May 8, 1929 (Knowlton); Central, June 1922 (Tanner);

Far West, June 1926 (Hayward); Logan, June 6, 1922 (Knowlton),

and April 18, 1915 (L. Davidson); Provo (Thomas); Raft River

Mountains, June 1928 (Beck); Riverside, June 1926 (Hayward);

Wellsville Canyon, June 1926 (Tanner). Also collected at Rim,

Grand Canyon, Kaibab Forest, Arizona, July 1927 (Tanner); Kaibab

Forest, Arizona, July 1927 (Call).

27. Syrphus perplexus Osburn

Numerous at Bountiful, May 8, 1929 (Knowlton); Woods Cross,

May 8, 1929 (Knowlton).

28. Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus)

Bear’s Ears, Elk Ridge (Kartchner); Salt Lake City, 1923

(Knowlton).

29. Syrphus protritus Osten Sacken

City Creek Canyon, July 1925 (Hall).

30. Syrphus pyrastri Hine

Cedar Breaks, July 9, 1925 (Hall and Knowlton); Tony Grove

in Logan Canyon, July 1925 (Hall).

31. Syrphus wiedemanii Johns

Mount Ben Lomond, 10,000 feet elevation, July 21, 1925 (Hall).

32. Allograpta OBLIQUA Say-

Cottonwood Canyon, July 27, 1925 (Hall and Knowlton); Logan

Canyon; Parowan (Tanner).

33. Toxomerus MARGINATUS Say-

Blacksmith Fork Canyon, July 17, 1925 (Hall); Bryce Canyon

National Park (Rasmussen); Bluff (Tanner); on beets at Clearfield

(Knowlton); Dry Lake (Knowlton); Eden, 6000 feet (Hall); Elsi-

nore (Knowlton); Fielding (Knowlton); Glendale (Tanner); Lewis-

ton (Knowlton); Logan (Knowlton); Parowan (Tanner); Provo

(Rowe); Providence (Knowlton); Salt Lake City (Knowlton); Tre-

monton (Knowlton). Also collected at Rim of Grand Canyon,

Kaibab Forest, Arizona, June 1927 (Tanner).

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

34. Toxomerus geminatus Say

Corinne 1925 (Hall); Cove, August 24, 1925 (Knowlton); Logan,

September 2, 1925 (Knowlton); Logan Canyon (Hall); Provo

(Thomas); Wellsville, July 1925 (Hall).

35. Toxomerus politus Say

Brigham, July 1925 (Hall); Wellsville.

36. Toxomerus bosci Macquart

Blacksmith Fork Canyon, July 17, 1925 (Hall).

37. Sph.erophoria cylindrica Say

Blacksmith Fork Canyon, 6000 feet elevation, July 17, 1925 (Hall);

Far West (Tanner); Lake Town Canyon, June 1926 (Hayward);

Kaysville, June 1926 (Tanner); Logan, June 4, 1923 (Knowlton);

Logan Meadows, August 20, 1923 (Knowlton) ; Lewiston, August 20,

1925 (Knowlton); Paradise, August 18, 1925 (Knowlton). Also

collected at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June 1926 (Hayward and

Brown).

38. Sph^erophoria scripta Linnaeus

Bear River City, September 9, 1929 (Knowlton); Blacksmith

Fork Canyon, July 17, 1925 (Hall and Knowlton).

39. Sph^erophoria strigota Staegman

Blacksmith Fork Canyon, July 17, 1925 (Hall).

40. Sph^erophoria interrupta Jones

Provo (Thomas). Also collected at Mammoth Hot Springs,

Yellowstone National Park, July 1929 (Beck); Fort Bridger, Wyo-

ming, June 1926 (Brown).

41. COPESTYLUM MARGINATUM Say

Dividend, May 17 (Spalding).

42. Volucella comstocki Williston

Salina, June 28, 1927 (Knowlton).

43. Volucella isabellina Williston

Salt Lake City, September 14, 1925 (Knowlton).

44. Volucella sanguinea Williston

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1926 (Tanner);

Logan Canyon, July 1926 (Knowlton). Also collected at Mink

Creek in Immigration Canyon, Idaho, 1925 (Hall and Knowlton);

Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, July

1929 (Beck).

45. Volucella satur Osten Sacken

Copper Mountains, five miles south of Lucin, June 1928 (Tanner).

APRIL, 1930] KNOWLTON AND PACK SYRPHIDA2

187

46. Sericomyia chalcopyga Loew

Common in Utah (Hall).

47. Arctophila flagrans Osten Sacken

Provo Canyon, July 1926 (Spalding).

48. Eristalis flavipes Walker

Logan Canyon, July 2, 1925 (Hall and Knowlton).

49. Eristalis latifrons Loew

Cedar City, July 3, 1919; Colton (Rasmussen); Eureka, June 19,

1920 (Spalding); Logan, July 1923 (Knowlton); Logan Canyon, 1923

(Knowlton); Miner’s Peak, July 13, 1919; Moab (Rasmussen); Raft

River Mountains, June 1928 (Tanner); St. George, May 30, 1919;

Zion National Park (Tanner). Also collected at Franklin, Idaho,

May 24, 1923 (Knowlton); Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June 1926

(Hayward).

50. Eristalis montanus Williston

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos (Tanner); Hyrum,

July 1928 (Knowlton); Logan, August 8 and 20, 1923 (Knowlton).

51. Eristalis saxorum Wiedemann

Provo (Thomas). Also collected at Black Sands Basin, Yellow-

stone National Park, Wyoming, July 1929 (Tanner).

52. Eristalis temporalis Thomson

Common at Bountiful, May 8, 1929 (Knowlton); Woods Cross,

May 8, 1929 (Knowlton).

53. Eristalis tenax Linnaeus

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1926 (Tanner) ;

Bluff (Rasmussen); Cedar City, June 30, 1919; Clover, July 6, 1926

(Knowlton) ; Dividend, June 1924 (Spalding) ; Logan, June 9, 1923

(Knowlton); Logan Canyon, August 10, 1925 (Knowlton); Tony

Grove, Logan Canyon, July 1925 (Hall); Park City (Olsen); Paro-

wan (Tanner); Provo (Tanner); Trenton, September 15, 1926

(Knowlton); Wellsville Canyon, June 1926 (Tanner). Also collected

at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado (Rasmussen); Moscow,

Idaho (Sudweeks).

54. Eristalis transversus Wiedemann

Logan, July 1925 (Hall).

55. Eristalis brausi Williston

Cache Junction, 1912 (Hagan); Logan, June 1923 (Knowlton);

Trenton, September 5, 1926 (Knowlton). Also collected at Fort

Bridger, Wyoming, June 1926 (Brown and Hayward).

188 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

56. Eristalis arbustorum Linnaeus

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, August 1927

(Tanner); Hurricane, July 1925 (Hall); Kaysville, June 1926 (Hay-

ward); Logan, April 18, 1909; Salt Lake City, July 1925 (Hall);

Reserve Creek, Raft River Mountains, June 1928 (Tanner). Also

collected at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, June 1926 (Hayward).

57. Eristalis anthophorinus Fallen

Dividend, April 29 (Spalding); Vinyard, April 29 (Spalding).

58. Eristalis obscurus Loew

Logan Canyon, June 1925 (Hall).

59. Eristalis .eneus Scopoli

Provo (Tanner).

60. Eristalis dimidatus Wiedemann

Utah, May 4, 1920 (Spalding).

61. Eristalis meigenii Wiedemann

La Sal Mountains (Tanner); Parowan, August 1920 (Tanner).

Also collected at Lehman Cave, Mount Wheeler, Nevada (Tanner);

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, June 1927 (Tanner).

62. Helophilus latifrons Loew

La Sal, June 1927 (Kartchner); Logan, May 15, 1923 (Knowlton),

July 4, 1923 (Knowlton), July 1925 (Hall); Logan Meadows, July 3,

1929 (Knowlton); Trenton, September 15, 1926 (Knowlton). Also

collected at Driggs, Idaho, June 1928 (Kartchner); Fort Bridger,

Wyoming, June 1926 (Tanner and Cottam).

63. Helophilus similis Macquart

Aspen Grove, B. Y. U. Campus, Timpanogos, July 1927 (Tanner) ;

Brigham City (Knowlton); Lewiston (Knowlton); Logan, July 1925

(Knowlton); Logan Peak, July 1925 (Hall); Salt Lake City, 1926

(Knowlton).

64. Helophilus fasciatus Walker

Lewiston, June 5, 1929 (Knowlton).

65. Asemosyrphus mexicanus Macquart

Tony Grove, Logan Canyon, July 1925 (Hall).

66. Syritta pipiens Linnaeus

Blacksmith Fork Canyon, July 17, 1925 (Hall); Cedar City,

June 28, 1919; Eden, July 1925 (Knowlton); Gunnison, October

1903; Hooper, July 1928 (Knowlton); Hyrum, July 1929 (Knowlton);

Lewiston, October 25, 1925 (Knowlton); Little Salt Lake, June 13,

1919; Logan, June 6, 1923 (Knowlton); Ogden, 1928 (Knowlton);

APRIL, 1930] KNOWLTON AND PACK SYRPHID.E

189

Parowan, July 16, 1919; Richfield, July 1926 (Knowlton); Richmond,

June 1929 (Knowlton).

67. Xylota baton Walker

Utah.

68. Xylota flavitibia Williston

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, June 1927 (Tanner).

69. Eumerus strigatus Fallen

Lewiston, August 24, 1925 (Knowlton); Wellsville (R. Chris-

tensen).

70. Spilomyia interrupta Williston

Aspen Grove, Timpanogos, July 1927 (Tanner); Provo (Tanner).

Note: Mr. Knowlton authorizes me to include six additional

species taken by me in Utah in July 1922. Chilosia petulca Will.,

Vivian Park, Park City; Syrphus intrudens O. S., Mount Timpanogos;

Mesogramma marginata Say, White Pine Lake, above Logan; Sphcero-

phoria sulphuripes Thom., Salt Lake City; Polydontomyia curvipes

Wied., Salt Lake City. — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF LIFE HISTORIES

BY PROF. C. W. WOODWORTH

University of California, Berkeley, California

In the temperate regions, where insects have been most

extensively studied, there is in nearly all cases a very definite

synchronization in the development associated with the winter

rest. This is so evident that we all expect an insect in the

spring to appear suddenly and all the individuals to be in the

same stage of development, while in the fall there may be speci-

mens in different stages of development, and if more than one

brood, we expect to find it in every stage. In some species

there is a total mortality in the fall for every stage but one, and

in this surviving stage the growth during the cooler weather,

either fall or spring, brings most, or all, to a molt or other

point of physiological reversal which they cannot pass till the

warmer weather of spring. These two causes, acting together,

brings the species to a very complete synchronization.

The fundamental thing in the seasonal adjustment of an

insect is the mechanism for this developmental synchronization.

Below I have attempted to tabulate the outstanding features

of this process :

190 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VI, NO. 4

Synchronization

Cause — differential

lethal —

thermal (heat, cold)

dryness

nutritional

dimorphic

Type — mono

di (morphic)

Season — vernal

summer

autumnal

Stage — egg: after maturation

after embrionation

larva: any stadium, particularly (initial, penult, ultimate)

before feeding

before molting

pupa: before adult formation

before emergence

imago: before sexual maturity

between ovipositions

Certain insects in the tropics and parasites on warm-blooded

animals may be beyond the influence of seasonal changes, but

even in the tropics most insects have accomplished some sort

of adjustment associated there with the dry and rainy season

rather than with heat and cold.

The length of life of various species vary between seventeen

years in a cicada and scarcely as many days in some aphids,

and within the same species the different forms of the honey

bee may range from perhaps eight years for the queen and in

summer perhaps ten weeks for the worker. The great majority

of insects, however, are annual brooded with the total length

of the life of a generation only a little over twelve months and

with each generation completely separated from the preceding

and following generation. This we have come to look upon

as the normal condition of insect life.

In the case where the life is more than one year, it can

be measured by year units, being two or three or four years,

and not two and a half, nor any other fraction. Sometimes a

species may have individuals requiring two and others taking

three years. Some individuals of an annual species may sleep

APRIL, 1930] WOODWORTH SYNCHRONIZATION 191

over to a second summer. There is in all these cases a single

seasonal synchronization period which, if passed without the

effective reaction, will transfer the individual along to the next

period one year later unless it dies in the interim.

Some species may have two or even more synchronizations

operating on different stages of the same insect, so that an

adult and a larva may both hibernate, the former giving rise

to a spring generation and the latter to a fall generation ; both

remaining quite distinct, or with considerable shifting of indi-

viduals from one series to the other.

Where the species has more than one brood a year, there

may be two periods of synchronization almost equally effective ;

for example, the double migration of many aphids show in

connection with the wing production in midsummer and fall,

resulting in the bringing together of the progeny of three or

more generations into a flying swarm of insects, all in precisely

the same developmental stage.

More commonly, however, the species proceeds from a syn-

chronized condition in the spring to complete overlapping (what

are called “partial broods”) in the fall, all to be returned to

the synchronized condition by the next spring.

There are two periods in each stadium, one just preceding,

and the other just following the molt, where there is a sudden

complete change in the physiological activity of every tissue in

the body. Normally these changes come in orderly procession,

but there may be an interval between the stopping of one func-

tion and the starting of the next, so that the entire organism,

or nearly all of it, may be brought to a standstill. These

potential resting intervals are the points at which the synchro-

nization may be accomplished. Failure or inability of any

tissue to stop at one of these intervals is the usual condition

making effective the lethal causes mentioned in the table above.

In attempting to classify the life histories, it is necessary

to determine the precise stage and season at which synchroniza-

tion occurs, together with its type and cause. The number of

broods is very inadequate without this additional data.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Ph.D., Treasurer

Editorial Comment

The Department of Entomology of the California Academy

of Sciences has recently added 292 new insect trays to fill

the metal cases purchased a year ago. These trays are 17 x 19

inches in size and 2 inches deep, the standard size now used

in this department. They are made in three styles : one with

plane wood bottoms for the unit boxes now used for all groups

of the smaller insects, one with masonite bottoms for moths

and similar insects, and one with glass bottoms for butterflies.

In these glass-bottomed boxes are placed from three to nine

or more strips of patent compressed cork cut to one-fourth

inch in width and attached to the glass by a thin coating of

Le Page glue, the number of strips being regulated by the size

of the specimens to be placed in the trays. The butterflies,

or at least the larger ones, are shingled more or less to save

space. This method of mounting butterflies in the trays enables

one to study the lower surface as readily as the upper, and

has proved entirely satisfactory here. In these boxes the names

are written on both sides of the labels so they can be read

from below as well as from above. The arrangement of

the Coleoptera and Hemiptera into the unit boxes progresses

steadily. So far about 750 trays have been filled with

rearranged material in the unit boxes. Twenty-five such unit

boxes, or their equivalent in half units or double units, just

fill one of our standard trays. The systematic arrangement

of the Diptera and Hymenoptera, and some of the smaller

Neuropteroid orders, must await the purchase of the neces-

sary trays and cases to hold them.

The arrangement of the Academy collection of Sphingidae,

largely the gift of Mr. B. Preston Clark, has just been com-

pleted. The Academy series in that family numbers 1270 speci-

mens, representing 287 species or subspecies. A special case

has just been secured for the Catocalas and that interesting

genus of moths will soon be put into systematic order.

INDEX TO VOLUME VI

193

Acinopterus spatiosus Lawson,

136.

Acyrtosiphon pisi Knltn., 42.

Agrilus angelicus Horn, 42.

Amphorophora accidentalis

Knltn., 39.

aridus Knltn., 40.

Anuraphis persicae-niger Sm., 39.

roseus Bkr., 38.

Aphid Notes, 33.

Aphis c. infrequens Knltn., 38.

pomi DeG., 38.

Archethopolys, key to, 113.

kaibabus Chmbl., 113.

Ascia monuste raza Klots, 145.

Beamer, R. H., personals, 48.

Blackwelder, R. E., paper by,

139.

Blaisdell, F. E., notes by, 42, 66,

121.

Blaisdell, F. E., papers by, 21,

57, 121, 171.

Blapstinus f alii Blsd., 21, 66.

Brachydesmus henriensia Chmbl.,

118.

Brachyrhinus cribricollis Gyll., 8.

Brisley, H. R., paper by, 127.

Burke, H. E., notes by, 42, 138,

147, 181.

Butterfly Club, 96.

Calendra sequoiae V. D., 164.

California State Butterfly, 56, 88.

Calliephialtes sp., 32.

Carbula trux Bred., 93.

Carter, W., paper by, 133.

Chaitophoroides middletonii Th.,

36.

populifoliae Fh., 36.

Chalcodermus martini V. D., 163.

Chamberlin, R. V., paper by, 111.

Chamberlin, R. V., personals, 144.

Chilenophilidae, key to, 115.

Cicindelidae of Utah, 78.

Clastoptera, note on, 62.

Cocineflid larvae, wax of, 26.

Cockerell, Hemiptera taken by,

91.

Codling moth, parasite, 32.

Conotrachelus asperatus V. D.,

159.

cinereus V. D., 158.

nigromaculatus V. D., 161.

setiferous V. D., 160.

Cophes gibbus Champ., 164.

Corimelaena califomica V. D., 10.

Corixa femorata Say, 73, 74.

Crampton, G. C., paper by, 97.

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mis.,

27.

Cylindrocopturus crassus V. D.,

154, 167.

cretaceus V. D., 155.

hemizoniae V. D., 155.

longulus Lee., 157.

unicolor V. D., 156.

vanduzeei, V. D., 153.

Cynthia tr. f. schraderi Gnd., 9.

Diaperis, key, 61.

californica Blsd., 60.

Diceratothrips, brevitubus Mltn.,

15.

Dinacoma Csy., 171.

caseyi Blsd., 174.

marginata Csy., 172.

Diodyrhynchus sleveni Mrtn.,

130.

Dolichopodidae, 123.

Dolichopus nigroapicalis V. D.,

125.

subcostatus V. D., 124.

Doudoroff, M., paper by, 143.

Dysdercus mimulus Hussey, 144.

Elaphrothrips albospinosus Mltn.,

11 .

Empoasca denaria V. D., 146.

Eubrianax edwardsi Lee., 139.

Euchloe a. boharti Doud., 143.

Eulecanium parasite, 43.

Euphydryas, review of, 1.

tr. f. belli Gndr., 4.

tr. f. boharti, Gndr., 6.

194

INDEX TO VOLUME VI

tr. f. dunni Gndr., 6.

tr. f. herri Gndr., 8.

tr. f. idahoensis Gndr., 3.

race lehmani Gndr., 7.

tr. f. sternitzkyi Gndr., 6.

tr. f. tiogaensis Gndr., 6.

race wrighti Gndr., 5.

Eupteryx huachucae Lwsn., 135.

Fawzy, A. S., personals, 48.

Ferris, G. F., book by, 96.

Flanders, S. E., note by, 32.

Flanders, S. E. paper by, 180.

Fruit Fly Quarantine, 96.

Geophilus piedus Chmbl., 114.

Giffard, W. M., necrology, 46.

Guerin types, 73.

Gunder, J. D., papers by, 1, 9, 88.

Hemiptera of Orient, 91.

Hoplothrips elongatus Mltn., 12.

ferrisi Mltn., 13.

mexicanus Mltn., 12.

Hungerford, H. B., paper by, 73.

Hussey, Catalog of Pyrrhocori-

dae, 144.

Hyperaspis lateralis Mis., 28.

moerens Lee., 29.

Joruma minuta Lwsn., 136.

Kalotermes hubbardi Bnks., 67,

70, 179.

jouteli Bnks., 179.

minor Hagen, 67, 70.

occidentalis Wlk., 67, 69.

Keifer, H. H., paper by, 167.

Klots, A. B., paper by, 145.

Knowlton, G. F., paper by, 33.

Knowlton and Pack, paper by,

182.

Kyrtalus V. D., 91.

mackiei V. D., 92.

Lawson, P. B., paper by, 135.

Lawson, P. B., personals, 48.

Leonard, Dr. and Mrs., per-

sonals, 48.

Lepidophorus, Key, 149.

alternatus V. D., 150.

raineri V. D., 149.

Leptocorisa acuta Thnbg., 95.

Light, S. F., papers by, 67, 178.

Liothrips colimae Mltn., 17.

querci Mltn., 18.

Martin, J. O., paper by, 129.

Mecomycter, 25.

liebecki Blsd., 23.

Megalopyge crispata Pack, 63,

142.

Megymenum insulare Westw., 95.

Meloe americanus Leach, 122.

impressus Kby., 122.

moerens Lee., 122.

niger Kby., 122.

Menida cockerelli V. D., 93.

Mesovelia bisignata Uhl., 77.

Mesoveliidae, catalogue, 77.

Metaphycus kincaidi Tmblk., 43.

Migration of Insects, 133.

Moulton, paper by, 11, 121.

Myriopoda of Utah and Arizona,

111 .

Myrmex arizonicus Schf., 153.

dimidiatus V. D., 152.

estriatus Csy., 153.

octolineatus Champ., 153.

ventralis V. D., 151.

Myzocallis discolor Monk, 39.

Navajona Chmbl., 115.

miuropus Chmbl., 116.

Neotermes simplicicornis Bnks.,

68, 71.

Nomenclature, Zoological, 166.

Notonecta unifasciata Guer., 73,

74.

Notoxus anchora, Hentz, 59.

calcaratus Horn, 42, 59.

nuperoides Fall, 59.

nuperus Horn, 59.

vandykei Blsd.,. 57.

Oak twig girdler, 42.

Odynerus margaretellus Roh., 47.

Oliarus truncatus V. D., 72.

THE

Pan- Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME SIX

July, 1929, to April, 1930

San Francisco, California

1930

CONTENTS

Blackwelder, Richard E.

The Larva of Eubrianax edwardsi Lee., Illustrated 139

Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr.

Miscellaneous Studies in the Coleoptera, No. Ill,

Illustrated 21

Miscellaneous Studies in the Coleoptera, No. Ill,

(recte IV), Illustrated _ 57

Revision of the Genus and Species of Dinacoma with

Description of a New Species, Illustrated 171

Brisley, Harold R.

Occurrence of the Weevil Phyrdenus muriceus in

Arizona 127

Carter, Walter

Record of an Insect Migration in the Arkansas Valley,

Colorado 133

Chamberlin, Ralph V.

On Some Centipedes and Millipeds From Utah and

Arizona, Illustrated Ill

Crampton, G. C.

The Head Structures of the Orthopteron Stenopelmatus,

Illustrated 97

Doudoroff, M.

A New Aberration of Euchloe ausonides 143

Flanders, Stanley E.

Notes on Trichogramma minutum 180

Gunder, J. D.

The Genus Euphydryas Scud, of Boreal America, Six-

teen Plates _ 1

An Addition to Cynthia carye Hbn., One Plate 9

A State Butterfly for California, Illustrated 88

Ill

Hungerford, H. B.

Concerning Two of Guerin-Meneville’s Types in the

National Museum of Paris, Illustrated 73

Keifer, H. H.

The Larva of Cylindrocopturus crassus V. D., Illus-

trated 167

Klots, Alexander B.

A New Subspecies of Ascia monuste From Lower

California, One Plate 145

Knowlton, George F.

Aphid Notes From Utah, Illustrated 33

Knowlton, G. F., and Pack, H. J.

Notes on Utah Syrphidae 182

Lawson, Paul B.

Three New Leaf hoppers From the Southwest, Illus-

trated 135

Light, S. F.

New Termite Records for Lower California 67

Termites Collected by T. T. Craig on Socorro Island 178

Martin, J. O.

Notes on the Genus Diodyrhynchus, with a Description

of a New Species 129

Moulton, Dudley

New Mexican Thysanoptera 11

Pickens, A. L.

The “Coffee-Pot” Cocoon and the Insect that Makes It,

Illustrated 63

Steinweden, John B.

Notes on the Origin of the Wax Secretion of Certain

Coccinellid Larvae, Illustrated 26

Tanner, Vasco M.

The Coleoptera of Utah — Cicindelidse 78

Timberlake, P. H.

A New Species of the Encyrtid Genus Metaphycus

From Washington 43

Records of Western Species of Perdita, with Descrip-

tions of Two New Species 49

Usinger, R. L.

Two New Species of Vanduzeeina From California 131

Van Duzee, E. P.

A New Corimelaena 10

Walter M. Giffard, An Appreciation 46

A New Oliarus : 72

Some Hemiptera Taken by Professor Cockerell in the

Orient 91

Concerning Scientific Names 166

A New Empoasca 148

Editorials 48, 96, 144, 192

Van Duzee, M. C.

Three New Dolichopids From California and Colorado.... 123

Van Dyke, E. C.

The Correct Names of Certain Species of North Ameri-

can Meloe 122

New Rhynchophora From Western North America 149

Woodworth, C. W.

The Synchronization of Life Histories 189

INDEX TO VOLUME VI

195

Pack, H. J., necrology, 126.

Paramecocoris Stal, 92.

Paraproutista ceramensis Muir,

95.

Pcecilonota montanus Chmbl., 18.

Pelastoneurus latifacies V. D.,

123.

Perdita albipennis Cres., 56.

crotonis Ckll., 54.

nigricollis Tmbl., 54.

oregonensis Tmbl., 52.

zebrata Cres., 49.

zonalis Cres., 49.

Periphyllus negundinis Th., 34.

Petilia calcar Dali., 95.

Phloeosinus cristatus Lee., 181.

Phyrdenus muriceus Germ., 127.

Pickens, A. L., paper by, 63.

Piedolus Chambl., 117.

utus Chambl., 118.

Pieris, see Ascia, 145.

Plascosternum tumidum V. D.,

94.

Plinachtus sp., 95.

Pokabius piedus Chmbl., 111.

Pseudococcus gahani Grn., 30.

Pterochlorus rosae Chldky., 33.

Pyrrhocoridae, Catalogue of, 144.

Reticulitermes tibialis Bnks., 68,

71.

Rhynchophora, New, 149.

Rhynchothrips brevitubus Mltn.,

19.

Rhyssematus acutecostatus

Champ., 163.

arizonicus V. D., 162.

beutenmuelleri V. D., 161.

San Diego County, butterflies of,

144.

Scientific Names, 166.

Scotinophora obscura Dali., 91.

Scutiphora pedicellata Kby., 91.

Scymnus guttulatus Lee., 30.

nebulosus Lee., 29.

Sphedanolestes trichrous St., 95.

Steinweden, J. B., paper by, 26.

Stenopelmatus, Anatomy of, 97.

Stollia lereddi Guil., 93.

Swezey, O., personals, 48.

Synchronization of Life His-

tories, 189.

Syrphidae of Utah, 182.

Tanner, V. M., paper by, 79.

Tectocoris diophthalmus Thnb.,

91.

Termite Records, 67.

Termites, Socorro Island, 178.

Termopsis nevadensis Hagen, 67,

68 .

Thecodiplosis piniradiatae S. and

M., 147.

Thysanoptera, 11.

Timberlakp, P. H., papers by,

43, 49.'

Tribomia brevitubus Mltn., 121.

Trichogramma minutum, 180.

Triepeolus subnitens, 48.

trichopygus, 48.

Tyloderma morbillosa Lee., 164.

Usinger, R. L., paper by, 131.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 47,

56, 62, 77.

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by, 10,

46, 72, 91, 148, 166.

Van Duzee, M. C., paper by, 123.

Vanduzeeina, key to, 132.

aenescens Usng., 131.

sleveni Usng., 132.

Van Dyke, E. C., note by, 8.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 122,

149.

Wax Secretion of Coccinellid

larvae, 26.

Woodworth, C. W., paper by,

189.

Wright’s Butterflies of San Diego

County, 144.

Zerene eurydice Bvd., 89.

The numbers of Volume VI of The Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist were mailed on the following dates : No. 1, Octo-

ber 10, 1929; No. 2, December 19, 1929; No. 3, March 15,

1930; No. 4, May 3, 1930.

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