Vol. yn July, 1930 No. 1

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

WILLIAMS, BEEBEA GUGLIELMI, A CACTUS BORER . . , 1

COCKERELL, NEW SUBGENUS OF ANDRENINE BEES 5

BALL, A NEW SPECIES AND VARIETY OF SCOLOPS 9

MUIR, THREE NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN CIXIID^ 12

DRAKE, NEW SUGAR-CANE TINGID FROM JAVA 15

BLAISDELL, STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^, VIII, 17

FLANDERS, TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM 20

HUNGERFORD, NEW CORIXID^ FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA .... 22

KEIFER, CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IV 27

VAN DUZEE, M. C., DIPTEROUS GENUS SYMPYCNUS 35

EDITORIAL COMMENT 48

San Francisco, California

1930

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoIBce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VII, No. 1 July, 1930

BEEBEA GUGLIELMI SCHAUS, A PYRALID MOTH

BORER OF THE OPUNTIA CACTUS IN THE

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

BY FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS

Ha’waiian Sugar Planters Association Experiment Station

Beebea GUGLIELMI Schaus

(Zoologica; New York Zoological Society. V, 2, p. 46, PI. II,

Fig. 22, 1923, male, and notes by William Beebe 1, c. v, 3, p. 54, 1924.)

This rather large, silky, grayish-brown moth that belongs

to the subfamily Pyralinse, was found by Dr. Schaus to repre-

sent a new genus and species and was described by him from a

male specimen taken by William Beebe in April 1923, on

Chatham Island, Galapagos, on the Williams Galapagos Ex-

pedition of the New York Zoological Society.

A small reared series (5 $ $ and 3^3) of this moth,

together with its larva, pupa and empty cocoons,^ were col-

lected by the writer while he was field entomologist to the

California Academy of Science’s Expedition to the Galapagos

Islands in 1905-1906. The few drawings and other data refer-

ring to this insect and which for the most part have lain fallow

for over two decades, may be of some little interest in view of

the importance of certain insects that live upon cacti of the

genus Opuntia, and so they are herewith presented.

Beebea guglielmi is evidently widely distributed over the

more arid lowlands of the Galapagos where its food plant, the

Prickly-pear cactus, is abundant. Beebe’s specimen was taken

on Chatham Island ; specimens were reared by me from mate-

rial collected on Albemarle (Cowley Mountain), Bindloe and

Abingdon islands, and I also collected, or observed, hatched

cocoons of this moth on Daphne Islet and South Seymour

Island, both near Indefatigable Island, and on James and

Duncan islands. The adult moths issued during September and

1 All this material is in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. yil, NO. 1

October, 1906, from infested cactus branches collected a short

time previous. The female of Beehea gugtielmi, which seems

not to have been described, appears to average somewhat larger

in size than the male and its antennae, instead of being plumose

as in that sex, are thread-like with two ranks of fine bristle-like

hairs along their length. The largest female specimen has a

wing expanse of 72 millimeters or nearly three inches. The

type, a male, is in the collection of the United States National

Museum and expands 58 millimeters. Unfortunately the large

larva and pupa collected are not now available and so adequate

descriptions of them cannot be made. The larva, when full

fed, is of a dirty whitish color though pinkish above, and bears

brownish plates. It is solitary in habit, at least when well

grown, and its presence in the cactus is revealed by its drop-

pings at, or below, the entrance to its boring which, often situ-

ated in the middle of a flat branch, is irregularly commodious.

Such a gallery is weakly lined with fine silk and its opening

to the exterior may be extended as a delicate silken tube. When

ready to form a cocoon the larva leaves its tunnel and spins

a rather tough cocoon some 33-35 millimeters long by about

a third as thick, securing it along one side to the cactus plant

and covering it to some extent with available material, such as

cactus spines and lichens, so that the structure is not readily

discernible. Soon it moults to change into a reddish-brown

pupa that may be 26 millimeters long, as is the specimen

figured.

The caterpillars of Beebea were not observed doing much

damage to their food plant and without doubt natural enemies

hold it somewhat in check.

Of the rather large number of insects that attack the prickly

pear in the United States and American tropics and subtropics

a considerable proportion are the caterpillars of moths belong-

ing to the family Pyralidae. Of these are several species of

the genus Melitara (sens, lat.) represented by species the cater-

pillars of which are more or less solitary or that live in colonies,

i. e., gregariously within the plant.

Considerable work has been done on cactus insects; of the

publications referring to this subject, “The Principal Cactus

Insects of the United States,” by Hunter, W. D., Pratt, F. C.,

and Mitchell, J. D., U. S. D. A., Bu. Ent. Bull. 113, 192, is

JULY, 1930] WILLIAMS— CACTUS BORER

to show excavation made by the caterpillar. Cowley Mountain,

Albemarle Island.

Figure 3. Branch of Opuntia cactus showing profile view of the

delicate silk-spun tube that extends from the entrance to the burrow

of a large caterpillar. Cowley Mountain, Albemarle Island.

Figure 4, Broadside view of portion of Opuntia cactus branch

to show excavation and the ejected frass of the caterpillar. Cowley

Mountain, Albemarle Island.

Figure 5. Pupa. X 1.35. Galapagos.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. VII, NO. 1

important. Of more recent date is J, C. Hamlin’s paper,

‘‘Important Opuntia Insects of the United States”; “Biological

Notes on the Moth Borers (Pyralidae),” Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist, II, pp. 1-11, 1925. Of still more recent date is a

paper by A. C. Dodd (“The Biological Control of Prickly Pear

in Australia,” Bull. 34, pp. 1-44, 9 plates; Council for Scien-

tific and Industrial Research, Commonwealth of Australia,

Melbourne, 1927). To quote from Dodd’s paper, p. 24: “The

internal- feeding, boring, or tunneling caterpillars form one of

the largest groups of cactus insects” . . . “Most of these cater-

pillars form a compact group of closely related genera, each

genus containing several species. Those genera are Melitara,

Cactoblastis, Yosemitia, Zophodia, and Ozamia, in North

America, and Cactablastis and Tucumania in South America,”

and p. 31 : “Without doubt, Cactoblastis cactorum is the most

promising of the internal- feeding caterpillars.” This species,

which lives in large colonies, is closely related to Melitara.

A NEW EDITION OF COMSTOCK’S MANUAL^

All students of insects, especially beginners and those

engaged in teaching entomology, will welcome a new edition of

Dr. Comstock’s Manual. Professor Herrick has undertaken

the task of cutting down and bringing up to date the old

Comstock Manual on the plan laid out by Dr. Comstock and

has done this well. So we now have available a text book for

students and amateurs that leaves little to be desired. It is

concise and accurate and covers the subjects for which the work

was designed. For more detailed studies one should consult

Comstock’s Introduction to Entomology or some similar work.

The illustrations and typography are excellent and the book is

not overly large or unwieldy.

Personally, and as a student of the Hemiptera, the present writer

does not approve of separating the Homoptera as an order distinct

from the Heteroptera, as the only character available, the position

of the rostrum, is not a difference in structure, but of position, and

there is no clear line of demarkation between these and the Heter-

optera. If used as separate orders the first should have been desig-

nated as Heteroptera, as the name Hemiptera applies to both groups

and is not available for either separately. — E. P. Van Duzee.

1 A Manual for the Study of Insects, Revised Edition. By John Henry

Comstock, Anna Botsford Comstock and Glenn W. Herrick, Nineteenth

Edition. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, New Tork, 1930, $4.00.

JULY, 1930] COCKERELL NEW SUBGENUS . OF BEES

A NEW SUBGENUS OF ANDRENINE BEES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

I am greatly indebted to Mr. P, H. Timberlake for per-

mission to study and describe another of his remarkable dis-

coveries. It is an Andrenine bee, which is so peculiar that

when a specimen was submitted to a well-known authority some

years ago, it was declared to be apparently a new genus of

Panurgidae.

Ancylandrena Cockerell, new subgenus of Andrena

Medium-sized bees, with the general characters of Andrena; the

male with abundant long erect hair on head, thorax and abdomen;

face with a pale band along each inner orbit; ocelli in a slight curve;

cheeks rounded, not toothed; antennae ordinary, third joint (which

has short brownish hair on upper side) much longer than fourth,

but not so long as fourth and fifth; the second and third joints are

dull and rugosopunctate, contrasting with the very minutely sculp-

tured, somewhat shining joints beyond; last joint obliquely truncate

at apex; malar space practically obsolete; mandibles ordinary; briefly

bidentate; labrum transverse, with a crescentic sulcus, its lower

margin with long straight orange hairs; maxillary palpi long, six-

jointed, the joints more or less equal, but the fifth much shorter

than fourth or sixth, and the second distinctly shorter than first;

labial palpi ordinary; tongue very short, pointed; anterior wings with

small lanceolate stigma; marginal cell ending obtusely just below

costa; basal nervure almost meeting intercubitus, but a very little

distad of it, three cubital cells, the second large and subquadrate,

receiving the first recurrent nervure near its apex; legs ordinary;

pygidial plate large and pointed; genitalia peculiar, the claspers with

a large tubercle below, the saggittse represented by a long curved

swordlike structure (whence the subgeneric name), extending for-

ward;^ the seventh ventral plate terminates in a crescentic struc-

ture, beset with long hairs; the eighth plate is not notched.

Female with the shining clypeus flattened on disc; malar space

very short but evident; labrum obtusely binodose; antennae with third

joint very long, longer than next two together; facial foveae very

short, not extending down to level of antennae, overlapped by long

hairs; lower part of eyes with scattered hairs; area of metathorax

smooth and shining; abdomen with well-defined hair bands; scopa

of hind legs dense and compact, the hairs nearly all simple.

I do not find any hair on the eyes of the male. There has

been some question about the association of the sexes, but

apparently they belong together, as they are sufficiently alike,

1 Mr. E. Nelson points out to me that the otherwise very different

Andrena cratsegi Rob. has a similar downwardly directed structure.

6 THE PAN^PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST: [vOL. VII, NO. 1

fly at the same time, and there is nothing else known in flie

fauna to associate with either.

In Robertson’s system this falls nearest to Opandrena, to

which it seems really to be related. It is an isolated type, and

until or unless more species are found it will be difficult to

say how many of the above characters should be included in

the diagnosis of the subgenus. The relationship seems to be

North American entirely. I find nothing similar in the Asiatic

fauna. ^

Andrena (Ancylandrena) heterodoxa Cockerell

new species

Male (type). Length about 8.5 to 10 mm.; black, with a creamy-

white band along each anterior orbit, rather broad just above mandi-

bles, gradually narrowing, and coming to a point just below level

of antennae'; head broad, facial quadrangle about square; clypeus

and sides of vertex shining; face, front and cheeks covered with very

long white hair; vertex with long black hairs, but also some pale;

disc of mesothorax brilliantly polished, the punctures scattered and

feeble, but the marginal areas are dullish; scutellum moderately

shining; area of metathorax triangular, shining, with a transverse

ridge; thorax with abundant long white hair, mixed with black

dorsally, giving a gray effect; tegulse shining black; wings hyaline,

with very dark nervures and stigma; legs with white hair, creamy

white on inner side of hind basitarsi; abdomen dullish; closely and

rather coarsely punctured, the edges above the apical depressions

rather swollen; second tergite in middle depressed about a third;

depressed portions punctured, their hind margins with extremely

narrow pallid bands; tergites with long erect white hair, faintly

stained with brownish; white marginal hair bands fairly distinct on

third and fourth, and well developed on fifth; apex with white hair;

venter shining.

Female. Length about 11 mm.; facial fovese pale reddish; vertex

and disc of thorax (invading middle of scutellum) with much black

hair; legs with mainly white hair, the scopa of hind legs shining;

anterior tarsi with hair soft gray or dilute black on outer side, pale

orange on inner; middle and hind tarsi with white hair, fulvous at

apex of basitarsi within; spurs light ferruginous; abdomen shining,

first tergite with long white hair, second to fourth vtdth thin short

black hair; but tergites 1 to 6 with broad pure white hair bands,

more or less interrupted on first; caudal fimbria pale gray; second

2 The old World Ancyla has marginal cell ending far from costa; hind

legs of male peculiar.

JULY, 1930] COCKERELL^ — NEW SUBGENUS* OF BEES 7

tergite in middle depressed considerably more than half, the margin

of the depression strongly arcuate, so that it is narrow at the sides;

venter with white hair bands. The third and fourth tergites have

a band of pale hair at the base. The flagellum is distinctly rufescent

beneath.

Type (male) at flowers of Cryptanthe intermedia, River-

side, California, April 25, 1930 (Timberlake). Another male

at Eriogonum fasciculatum, May 20, 1926. Females at Lupinus

paynei, May 11, 1929; also at Lotus scoparius and Hugelia

virgata*

The male will be easily recognized by the peculiar face

markings. The following table separates the female from

others more or less similar in appearance, being of medium

size, and with conspicuous hair bands.

Caudal fimbria dusky chocolate color or gray 1

Caudal fimbria pale 4

1. Wings very dark; abdominal bands fulvous-tinted; basal nerv-

ures going basad of nervules fulvipennis Smith

Wings not dark; basal nervures meeting or (some sapellonis)

falling short of nervules 2

2. Disc of mesothorax with black hair heterodoxa n. sp,

(Compare also peckhami Cockerell.)

Disc of mesothorax without black hair 3

3. Clypeus dullish, with a median ridge sapellonis Ckll.

Clypeus polished without median xi6.Qt.....electrica Casad and Ckll.

4. Flagellum, except basally, bright ferruginous beneath 5

Flagellum dark 6

5. Larger; abdomen highly polished gardinari Ckll.

(Equally large; flagellum obscure red beneath, abdomen

finely punctured.. ellisia Ckll.)

(Stigma small; flagellum obscurely reddish beneath

relatia Vier.)

Smaller; abdomen less polished, but mesothorax posteriorly

and scutellum brilliantly polished and impunctate..

persimilis Graenischer

(Also smallish, flagellum very obscurely reddened, but

mesothorax posteriorly and scutellum polished in

same fashion; clypeus with a median ridge, not

present in persimilis. Two cubital cells gibberisYitx.)

* Since submitting the above material to Dr. Cockerell, another male

was taken May 5 on Cryptanthe, at Riverside, California, and on May 15

Mr. C. M. Dammers and the writer collected seven males at flowers of

Calochortus splendens on the Gavilan Mesa about fifteen miles

south of Riverside. — P. H. Timberlake.

8 THE PAN^PACIFie ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

-6. Mesothorax with short velvety tomentum coachifostica Vier.

(See also plana Yitr., with chocolate fimbria.)

Mesothorax without such tomentum 7

7. Mesothorax entirely dull 8

(Dull in front; clypeus with a ridge ellisia Ckll.)

Mesothorax more or less shining... 9

8. Clypeus dull (Los Angeles, California; Coquillett)

mustelicolor huardi Vier.

Clypeus highly polished in middle (Texas, Bellfrage)

relativa Vier.

9. Clypeus dull; wings fuliginous 10

(Wings with dusky cloud at apex fracta Casad and Ckll.)

Clypeus shining 11

10. Tegulas reddish black (Stanford University, California, March,

on mustard) scurra Vier.

Tegulas testaceous (Southern California)

davidsoni Vier. and Ckll.

11. Upper part of clypeus flattened, no median ridge; basal

nervure meeting nervulus sieverti Ckll.

Clypeus with a median ridge 12

12. Larger; three cubital cells ellisia Ckll.

Smaller; two cubital cells gibheris Vier.

Lepidomys irrenosa Guenee (Lepidoptera)

In arranging the Noctuidae in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences I found in the Koebele collection a

little moth bearing the above name. It agrees in every respect

with Guenee’s description, except that it is more ochraceous

than one would expect from that description, but it is strongly

tinted with wine color, especially toward the apex of the wings.

This specimen was taken by Mr. Koebele in Florida. Guenee

says his type, a unique, was from New York and was taken by

Doubleday. Dr. J. B. Smith (1893) says this type bears but

one label, “Doubleday,” with no mention of locality, and

strongly suspects the insect to be tropical. Perhaps on the

strength of this it was omitted from the Dyar and the Barnes

and Mcdonnough lists. So far as I can learn there has been

no recorded capture of a second specimen. It must now be

re-established in our North American lists. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1930] BALL NEW SPECIES OF SCOLOPS

A NEW SPECIES AND VARIETY OF SCOLOPS

WITH NOTES ON OTHERS (RHYNCHOTA

FULGORID^)

BY E. D. BALL

University of Arizona, Tucson

While working up recently collected material in the genus

S colops, the writer was impressed with the fact that most spe-

cies had definite food plants to which they were apparently

confined, and that in no case was the food plant a grass as

Dozier and others have suggested. The fact that osborni Ball

feeds exclusively on the compass plant of the lower plains

region {Silphium laciniatum L.) has already been recorded.

The writer on checking over his notes found that at least four

other species, one of them being new, were apparently confined

to different members of the Compositse, two to different mem-

bers of the Chenopodiacese and one to an Euphorbiacese. The

two most widely distributed species of the genus, sulcipes Say

and pungens Germ., are found abundantly in weedy and waste

places and are likely to be found to be Compositae feeders also.

Breakey states that the typical habitat of the group is in moist

places near the edge of woodlands and in low spots in the

prairies. This, however, conveys a decidedly erroneous im-

pression of their habits as observed by the writer. They are

lovers of hot, dry and open situations, and are rarely found in

damp or shaded locations.

S. robustus Ball has been found by the writer feeding

exclusively on the perennial ragweed {Ambrosia psilostachya

D. C.) in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. S- viridis Ball, a pale

green species, is exactly the color of the foliage of the salt-

bush {A triplex canescens James), on which the writer has

always found both nymphs and adults feeding.

S colops graphicus Ball, new. species

Intermediate in size, form, and color markings between

maculosus Ball and uhleri Ball, and resembling stonei Break,

in color and pattern, but much smaller. Dark gray with

irregular white streaks and flecks, strikingly resembling the

dorsal pattern of an eastern quail or meadow lark. Length,

6-7 mm.

10 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VOL. VII, NO. 1

Cephalic process slightly longer than in maculosus, much narrower

and straighter, not as long as in uhleri, but even more slender.

Elytra very broad and short giving a peculiar and characteristic

truncate appearance. Cubitus forking just back of the junction of

the claval veins, and medius forking distinctly beyond the cubitus.

Color dark, smoky, with broad white costal margins, a pair of

narrow wavy stripes along the inner-claval veins, a secondary stripe

arising on cubitus before the fork and fusing posteriorly with the

inner stripe. These two stripes set off a definite dark brown or black

stripe centering on medius with four or five white dots along the

vein and a row of black spots around the apex. Vertex greenish

with a pair of obscure spots; disk of pronotum white with a pair of

dark spots. Scutellum with a broader median wavy stripe and a

pair of widely separated dots. Heavily marked examples lose the

inner pair of ivory stripes.

Holotype, female, allotype, male (in E. D. Ball collection)

and four paratypes taken by the writer on the “match brush"

or rayless goldenrod (Gutierresia calif ornica) at Yarnell

Heights, Arizona, October 8, 1929, and six paratypes taken at

Cline, Arizona, August 2, 1929, on the same plant. Only

nymphs were taken July 14, adults and nymphs later in July

and August, and only adults in October. This is the smallest

species yet described and it appears to be strictly confined to

this very fine-stemmed plant.

S colops uhleri Ball has been taken by the writer many times

on the annual Dondia depressa Wat. growing in alkali areas

in western Colorado and southern Utah.

Scolops uhleri marginatus Ball n. subsp.

Resembling uhleri in general size and form, but usually

larger and lighter colored with a pair of broad smoky or black

stripes just inside the costal ivory stripes. The dark stripes

with only two or three light spots on the veins. About four

black spots at the apex. Cephalic process slightly shorter and

much darker than in typical uhleri. Length, 7-8 mm.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male (in E. D. Ball col-

lection), taken by the writer near Sacaton (labeled Tucson),

Arizona, June 19, 1929, and six paratypes taken at St. George,

Utah, July 24, 1908 (Ball), and Glendale, Nevada, June 9,

JULY, 1930] BALL NEW SPECIES OF SCOLOPS

1928 (E. W. Davis). This may prove to be a distinct species

when more material is available for study. At least it is a dis-

tinct subspecies apparently confined to the subtropical South-

west. All specimens taken have been from the perennial shrub

(Dondia torreyana Wat.). Large nymphs and just emerging

adults were taken June 8 by the writer and only a few adults

were found June 23.

S. perdix Uhl. was taken by Mr. Stone and the writer in

abundance June 22, 1927, at Sanford, Florida, on a ridge in a

flat woods area where the narrow-leaved sunflower {Helianthus

angustifolius L.) appeared to be the only possible food plant.

The known distribution and abundance of this species coincides

very well with the distribution of this plant.

S. stonei Break. This very distinct species was found by

Mr. William E. Stone (for whom it was named), Mr. J. A.

Reeves, and the writer, to be confined entirely to the milky-

juiced “queen’s delight” (Stillingia angustifolia Torr.). Small

nymphs were found at Sanford, Florida, in June, large nymphs

and adults in July, and adults only in August and early

September.

Both nymphs and adults of S', snowi Break, were taken by

the writer on goldenrod (Solidago trinervata) at Long Valley,

FlagstaflF, and Williams, Arizona, in August 1929.

Breakey gives California and Idaho under the distribution

of S', hesperius. The writer, who has made long series of col-

lections in both areas, is inclined to believe that those were

erroneous determinations and that hesperius is a plains’ species

extending from Dakota and Montana south to Texas. His

statement that Ball records osborni from Ohio is in error.

S. oshomi Ball was described from Iowa and Kansas. The

writer agrees with him in doubting the distribution records of

6'. grossus from California and New Jersey and would add

Idaho. N. grossus is, like hesperius, only known from the

plains region. Breakey describes S. viridis Ball as “cephalic

process long and slender,” but places it in his key under

“cephalic process short.”

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

THREE NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN CIXIID^

(FULGOROIDEA, HOMOPTERA)

BY F. MUIR

Bennarella Muir, g. n.

Body compressed laterally; tegmen when at rest steeply tecti-

form, apical margins closely pressed together. Sc + R forking about

one-third from base, level with Cu fork, the fork slightly more apical,

M rising from basal cell; three apical Rs, five apical Ms, 1, la, 2, 3, 4;

Cu touching M3 + 4 for a short distance; claval fork about one-

third from base of clavus. The costal margin near base is turned

upward where the fourth and fifth abdominal segments are pro-

duced. Vertex very short, width five or more times the length in

middle; in dorsal view a large part of the base of frons visible, base

of vertex sinuate, slightly emarginate, apex truncate. Length of

frons nearly twice the width, sides slightly arcuate; disk slightly

excavate on basal half where the lateral carinas are longer; median

Carina obsolete, only distinct for a short distance in middle. Clypeus

plainly tricarinate. Labium long, reaching beyond hind coxae.

Second joint of antennae much longer than wide, reaching base of

clypeus. Pronotum short, hind margin roundly excavate. Meso-

notum slightly wider than long, bicarinate, the median carina only

faintly represented on anterior portion. The third, fourth and fifth

abdominal pleura produced, flattened and curved dorsad, the fourth

bears three and the fifth two sense pits, each bearing a bifurcate

hair. Hind tibiae without spines; the second hind tarsus with a row

of spines at apex.

This genus comes next to Bennaria, but the size and nature

of the development of the abdominal pleura are very distinct.

Superficially it looks like one of the Achilixiidse, but an exami-

nation of the male genitalia shows that it is a Cixiidae ; also the

claval vein enters the commissure distinctly before the apex.

Type B. bicoloripennis.

Bennarella bicoloripennis Muir, sp. n.

Male. Length, 2.4 mm.; tegmen, 4.4 mm.

Head and pronotum stramineous, light brown over most of frons

and base of clypeus and pronotum behind eyes; mesonotum brown,

carinae lighter; labium fuscous; legs stramineous, the femora and

tibiae slightly fuscous; abdomen light brown, the produced fourth

and fifth pleura and the genitalia lighter. Basal portion of tegmen

to M fork dark brown, the claval margin and suture yellowish, apical

portion of tegmen yellowish, slightly fuscous in costa and in Sc and

R apical cells; veins mostly the color of the cells, without granules

on macrotrichia. Wings fuscous at base, opaquely white with waxy

JULY, 1930]

MUIR ^THREE NEW CIXIID^

secretion over rest, veins fuscous at base and yellowish over apical

portion.

Pygofer comparatively short, opening longer than wide, sides

curved, medio-ventral process angular, small. Anal segment pro-

duced into a point at apex; the styles and aedeagus best understood

from the figure.

Female similar to male in size and color. The ovipositor com-

plete, pygofer longer than broad, a longitudinal depression in which

the ovipositor lies when at rest; the ventral surface of anal segment

concave and fits over the apex of ovipositor when at rest.

Described from four males and five females from Tuma-

tumari, British Guiana (July 19, 1923). Type in H. S. P. A.

Experiment Station collection, Honolulu, No. 1216.

Bennarella fusca Muir, sp. n.

Male : length, 2.4 mm. ; tegmen, 4 mm.

In general structure similar to bicoloripennis, but the lateral

carinae of the frons larger and the antennae slightly shorter.

Head and thorax fuscous brown, the carinae lighter, the lateral

portion of the mesonotum darker than the middle; coxae and femora

fuscous; tibiae lighter. Tegmina fuscous, basally lighter, nodal line

lighter. Wings dark fuscous, veins dark.

Pygofer laterally compressed, sides arcuate, medio-ventral process

subconical in outline. Anal segment large, apex produced beyond

anus, curved ventrad and under, asymmetrical, the right side emargi-

nate. Genital styles small, in lateral view bent at an angle in middle,

apex slightly expanded and rounded. Aedeagus not dissected out.

Described from one male from Belem, Brazil (May 1924).

Type in H. S. P. A. Experiment Station collection, Honolulu,

No. 1217.

The above two species were taken by Dr. F. X. Williams.

Nymphocixia vanduzeei Muir, sp. n.

Male: length, 5.6 mm.; tegmen, 5.7 mm.

This species agrees with the generic description and is closely

related to N. unipunctata V. D. The base of vertex is truncate and

overlaps the middle of pronotum and the middle of the anterior

portion of mesonotum. The hind margin of the eye is nearly trun-

cate and there is only a shallow antennal emargination on the ventral

margin.

Pygofer compressed laterally, sides arcuate, medio-ventral process

fairly large, subangular; anal segment median size, apex pointed;

genital styles small, thin, apical third bent at a right-angle dorsad.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

Stramineous or light brown, the Carinas of head and the genae

lighter. Tegmina stramineous or very light brown, clearer over

membrane and costal cell, veins light; a small dark spot near apex

between M 2 and 3. Wings hyaline with brown veins.

One male from Columbia, Cartagena (C, Gogzo, VIII,

1905 ).

Type in the Zoological Museum, Hamburg.

This is the second species of this interesting genus; the

genotype taken on Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California.

1. Bennarella, frons,

2. Bennarella, tegmen.

3. Bennarella, dorsal view of head and nota.

4. Bennarella bicoloripennis Muir, male genitalia.

JULY, 1930] DRAKE NEW TINGITID FROM JAVA

A NEW SUGAR-CANE TINGITID FROM JAVA AND

SUMATRA (HEMIPTERA)

BY CARL J. DRAKE

Ames, lonva

Abdastartus sacchari Drake, new species

Very closely allied to A. tyrianus Distant, but differing in the

longer basal segment of antennae, longer antennae, slightly wider

paranota, and more deeply emarginate anterior margin of pronotum.

Head and anterior portion of pronotum very strongly reflexed, not

lying in same plane as rest of body. Head very deeply inserted in

the pronotum, the base of the eyes touching collum, strongly swollen

at the base of the anterior spines, with four very long, slender, sharp

spines; anterior pair reaching beyond the first antennal segment,

parallel or converging apically, their apices testaceous; posterior pair

very long, pale testaceous, directed forward, mostly contiguous with

head, their apices reaching to near the middle of first antennal seg-

ment; antenniferous tubercles large, prominent, testaceous slightly

divergent, their tips very slightly curved inwardly. Antennae long,

slender, pale testaceous, the basal portion of first and distal half

of last segment brown; proportions (male), 7:4:57:32; (female)

7:4:42:23. Bucculae long, broad, projecting anteriorly beyond head,

closed in front. Rostral channel deep, narrow, open behind; rostrum

brown, its apex black, extending between intermediate coxae.

Pronotum closely and deeply pitted, a little more tumid than in

A. tyrianus, the collum very strongly reflexed and its anterior margin

deeply emarginate, its anterior angles much more acute; carinae pale

testaceous, slightly thicker; lateral margins slightly more foliaceous,

pale testaceous. Elytra considerably longer than abdomen, with the

costal area slightly broader and the discoidal area a little longer

than in A. tyrianus) wings a little shorter than elytra, clouded with

fuscous; the entire insect also a little larger and darker in color.

Legs long, slender, pale testaceous. Length, 2.60 mm.; width, ,64 mm.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Randoeblatoeng, Java,

July 7, 1923, in my collection. Paratypes, specimens taken

with type, Formosa, and one example from Sumatra. This

is the species erroneously recorded by the writer {Philippine

Journal Science, XXXIV, 1927, p. 307), as Abdastartus tyri-

anus Distant from Java and Formosa. The writer is indebted

to Mr. W. E. China of the British Museum, London, for

sketches and for comparing A. sacchari with Distant’s types

oi A. tyrianus.

Abdastartus tyrianus Distant (Fauna Brit. India, Rhynch.,

Vol. V (Appendix), p. 103, fig. 50), was described from

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

several specimens, collected by Mr. Max Lefroy, Pusa, Bengal,

India. Two specimens are at hand from Sumatra. Antennae

shorter and slenderer than in the foregoing species, the apical

portion of terminal segment embrowned. Head less swollen

in front; spines long; anterior pair directed forward, almost

parallel or divergent, reaching to near apex of second segment.

Head and collum very slightly reflexed, the latter moderately

concave in front. Antenniferous tubercles prominent, divergent

at base, slightly curved inwardly at tips.

The genus Abdastartus Distant contains only two species,

A. tyrianus Distant and A. sacchari n. sp. A. muiri Drake

from Java and India belongs to another genus and will be

treated in a subsequent paper.

American Entomology Loses a Distinguished Patron

The death of Dr. William Barnes on May 1, 1930, brought

a feeling of personal loss to every entomologist in this country,

and more, perhaps, to those connected with the California

Academy of Sciences than to many others. For a number of

years Dr. Barnes had taken an active interest in the entomolog-

ical department of the Academy. Most of our species of

Lepidoptera have been determined by him, or under his direc-

tion, and he has presented authentically determined specimens

of several hundred species not otherwise represented in our

collection ; and for all he did for us he expected and wanted no

return other than the satisfaction of assisting in the establish-

ment of an institution that in the future would be an important

element in the scientific work of the western states. Dr.

Barnes’ interest in the Lepidoptera began in childhood and

never slacked through a long and active life. His private col-

lection in this order of insects is undoubtedly the largest and

best studied collection of North American forms in the world.

The 500,000 specimens in his collection represent nearly 8,000

species and include 1915 holotypes and nearly 7,000 other

specimens that are really type material. Dr. Barnes had a

special building constructed for the collection and for many

years employed a trained specialist to care for it, and at all

times was most generous in determining material for other stu-

dents. His death seems an irreparable loss to American Lepid-

opterology. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1930] BLAISDELL STUDIES IN MELYRID^ 17

STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^, NUMBER EIGHT

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and California Academy of Sciences

San Francisco, California

The very distinct species of Trichochrous described below

belongs to Casey’s second group of species. It is necessary to

give a detailed description, as the increasing number of new

forms makes it obligatory if the numerous species are to be

recognized by description alone. Whenever possible, collectors

should secure a moderate series of species in the locality where

they are discovered, so as to determine the degree of individual

variation. This is exceedingly essential so as to eliminate

guesswork in the definition of species.

Trichochrous quadrinotatus Blaisdell, new species

Form oblong, slightly oval. Color black, trophi slightly

rufo-piceous, tarsi and distal half of tibiae rufous to piceous.

Surface more or less shining and without metallic luster.

Pubescence not dense nor coarse, moderately short, not com-

pletely recumbent and pale in color; brownish to blackish and some-

what coarser hairs form two more or less quadrate spots on each

elytron, the subbasal macules most so, while the larger at apical

third tend to diffuse both toward apex and anteriorly, connecting

more or less narrowly or more broadly with the subbasal; occasion-

ally the brownish hairs become more diffused and nearly replace the

pale hairs. Hairs of the pronotal disk and head more or less

brownish; on the deflexed sides of elytra, especially toward apex

and on apical declivity, they become coarser and semi-erect; brist-

ling erect setse entirely absent. Lateral pronotal fimbriae moder-

ately short, regular and evenly close-set, pale to blackish in color;

those of the elytra a little longer, quite even and more widely spaced,

directed obliquely postero-laterad. Pubescence of undersurface of

body fine, closely recumbent and more plumbeous in color; that

of sternal side pieces a little coarser and more cinereous.

Head slightly transverse, in width about equal to the pronotal

length and apical width, muzzle short; frons plane, surface very

finely and microscopically reticulate, finely rugulose in clypeal

region and there with a slight glabrous convexity, limited at times

by feeble lateral depressions; punctures small, evenly and rather

widely spaced, separated by a distance equal to two or three times

their diameter. Eyes large, oval, evenly convex and prominent,

rather finely faceted. Antennae less than moderately stout, about

as long as head and pronotum; third joint smallest, intermediate

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

joints slightly serrate anteriorly, outer four more rounded, gradually

and evenly incrassate.

Pronotum transverse, widest at basal third or about middle,

about a half wider than long and two and a half times longer than

an eye, moderately and evenly convex from side to side; apex feebly

and broadly arcuate in circular arc, apical angles rounded; sides

moderately arcuate, straighter and more convergent before basal

third, thence more strongly and more or less briefly sinuate before

the small obtuse basal angles, margin finely crenulate; base broadly

and moderately arcuate, slightly sinuate within the angles; disk more

or less microscopically rugulose, more densely and strongly so in

lateral fourth, punctures small in the central area, separated by a

distance equal to one to three times their diameter.

Elytra oblong, about two-sevenths longer than wide, three times

as long as pronotum and about a sixth wider; humeri broadly

rounded, slightly prominent and somewhat tumid; sides parallel,

feebly and very broadly sinuate behind humeri, thence feebly arcuate,

becoming more evenly so to parabolically rounded apex; disk slightly

convex on dorsum, becoming more strongly and declivously so later-

ally, very gradually declivous apically; punctures coarser than on

pronotum and separated by a distance equal to one to three times

their diameter, surface somewhat rugose, smoother and punctures

smaller toward apex.

Undersurface of body very finely and more densely punctate.

Legs moderate in length and slenderness; femora not stout, tarsi

somewhat stout and about equal to their tibia in length, the latter

quite as long as the femur, similar in the sexes.

Male. Pronotum more broadly arcuate at sides, widest about

middle; antennas slightly heavier; elytra rather more oblong and

parallel; fifth ventral abdominal segment truncatosinuate at apex.

Female. Pronotum usually widest at basal third; elytra very

slightly wider posteriorly; fifth ventral broadly but not strongly

arcuate at apex.

Measurements. Length (types), 2. 5-2. 7 mm.; width, .9-1 mm.

Largest female of the series measures length, 3 mm.; width, 1.2 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 2969), and allotype, female (No. 2970,

Museum California Academy of Sciences), and paratypes in

my collection; also in that of Mr. Warwick Benedict (Museum

University of Kansas).

Type locality : Idylwild, Riverside County, California. A

series of twenty-five specimens collected by Mr. Benedict on

May 29, 1923.

In the series at hand the brown hairs of the upper surface

at times by diffusion reduce the paler pubescence to a minority.

JULY, 1930] BLAISDELL STUDIES IN MELYRID^

In typical individuals the four dark areas on the elytra are

distinctly quadrate with a minimum amount of diffusion.

Quadrinotatus is to follow vilis Casey in our lists. By the

dark discal elytral macules it differs radically from other mem-

bers of Casey’s second group of species. At first sight it might

be associated with insignis Casey and curticollis Casey on

account of the elytral pattern, but those species have the body

bristling with long erect setae and belong to Casey’s third group

in which there is no regular close-set fimbriae on lateral margins

of pronotum.

Trichochrous punctipennis Lee.

The type locality of this species is Santa Catalina Island

off the coast of Los Angeles County. My own series was col-

lected at Avalon on that island. Mr. Warwick Benedict of the

Entomological Department of the University of Kansas has

recently submitted to me for study a series of fourteen speci-

mens, taken by him at Ensenada, Lower California. They

were collected on July 19, 1924. This is the first record of

the species having been taken on the mainland.

Listrus niveicanthus tincticornis Blais.

The type specimens of this subspecies were taken at Pasa-

dena, California. A considerable series has very recently been

sent me for examination that were collected at Warner’s Hot

Springs, San Diego County, by Mr. Benedict. The differential

characters have been fully discussed by me in my paper pub-

lished as one of the Stanford University publications, Univ.

Series Biol. Sciences, Vol. I, No. 3, June 1921, p. 169.

In Memory of Mr. N. R. Gunn

In the death of Mr. Norman R. Gunn the San Francisco

Butterfly Club has lost one of the most enthusiastic of its

younger members. Mr. Gunn was born at Breckenridge, Min-

nesota, June 27, 1913. He was a student at the Berkeley High

School and had planned to make entomology his life work,

intending to carry on his entomological studies at the Univer-

sity of California. His death at Tacoma, Washington, on July

27, 1930, was due to a heart attack while in bathing. The

heartfelt sympathy of his entomological associates is extended

to the bereaved mother and relatives. — R. F. Sternitzky.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

RACES OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California

According to Howard and Fiske, the “pretiosa-like” form

of Trichogramma is made up of two races, one arrhenotokous

and the other thelyotokous.

Marchal found that the thelyotokous race near Paris dif-

fered in color from those obtained in central France, and he

suggested that if observations were made on Trichogramma

from various localities a number of strains would be found

having the status of races or elementary species.

In North America a thelyotokous race of Trichogramma

is yet to be observed. Differences in color, however, have

been observed ranging from “black” to light lemon yellow. The

“black” race studied by Martin is dark fuscous throughout. It

is unique in that the males normally have vestigial wings.

In a paper presented at the Ithaca Congress in 1928 the

writer called attention to the fact that the coloration of the

females varied with the developmental temperatures from light

yellow to the dark color characteristic of the male. The color

of the males is much less affected by temperature.

Peterson first noted that a race existed the females of

which did not become yellow when reared at high tempera-

tures. He also found that the two races did not interbreed and

that the light race appeared to be typically northern, the dark

race southern.

In studying the strains of Trichogramma from various

localities in North America, the writer segregated them accord-

ing to color and life cycles into five races. These maintain

their distinctive characteristics when reared under the same

conditions for generations.

Only the minutum-like form of Trichogramma which is

arrhenotokous and normally has winged males is included in

the classification.

The specimens used were all reared in the eggs of Sitotroga

cerealella at constant temperatures. Hoyer solution was used

1930] FLANDERS— TRICHOGILA.MM A 21

for the mounting medium. The observations on the color of

the specimens were made against a white background.

The length of the life cycle of each race differs from the

others. When reared at a constant temperature of 60 degrees

Fahrenheit the differences are very apparent. The races are

listed below in the order of their lengthening life cycles :

1. Dark short-cycle race (from west coast of Mexico and

southern California) :

A form having dark gray and yellow pigments present at

all temperatures. (Life cycle at 81 degrees Fahrenheit

is seven days.)

2. Yellow race (from Massachusetts, Illinois, and California) :

A clear yellow form having dark gray markings only

when reared at a temperature less than 70 degrees

Fahrenheit.

3. Transition race (from California) :

A yellow form having dark gray markings except when

reared at 90 degrees Fahrenheit or above.

4. Gray race (from Louisiana and Georgia) :

A form like the dark races except that the pigmentation

is less dense. The yellow pigment often is absent in both

male and female when reared at 90 degrees Fahrenheit

so that the adult appears silvery gray with dark gray

markings. (Life cycle at 81 degrees Fahrenheit is eight

days. )

5. Dark long-cycle race (from California and Massachusetts) :

A form like the dark short-cycle race except that head

capsule retains fuscous markings at all temperatures and

the life cycle at 81 degrees Fahrenheit is eight days.

The races with the shorter life cycles appear to have higher

optimum developmental temperatures.

The material for this preliminary study was received

through the kind cooperation of C. H. Alden, C. O. Bare,

William G. Bradley, H. J. Franklin, W. P. Flint, Dr. Philip

Garman, E. A. Maier, Dr. Herbert Spencer, W. J. Schoene,

and R. W. E. Tucker.

THE FAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

NEW CORIXID^ FROM WESTERN NORTH

AMERICA (HEMIPTERA)

BY H. B. HUNGERFORD

Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, La<wrence

In reporting some new species of Corixidse from the west-

ern part of North America, I take this occasion to designate

two new groups.

Krizousacorixa Hungerford, genus new

Surface nonrastrate. Eyes small, separated from the margins of

the head by a comparatively wide space. Rostrum small, trans-

versely wrinkled. Fourth segment of antenna less than half the

length of the third. Lateral lobe of prothorax a little longer than

broad, the superior margin a little shorter than the inferior one,

deep set, its base nearly obscured by the side of the head in front

and the inflated margin of the mesothorax behind. Male strigil

right. Legs comparatively short. Anterior femora of the only

known species inflated, with large patch of stridular pegs at base.

Genotype Corixa femorata Guerin, the type of which I

have seen in the Paris Museum. A drawing of the head and

front legs of this species was published by me on Plate I in

the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Vol. XX,

No. 1, 1925.

This curious genus appears to stand quite alone. The wide

space separating the rear margin of the eye from the rear

margin of the head is in common with Graptocorixa, Cymatia,

and Glaenocorisa. From these it is separated by the relatively

small eyes and by a very different pala in the males.

Graptocorixa Hungerford, genus new

Surface of hemelytra rastrate, transversely marked with undu-

late bands. Eyes prominent, a facial area pubescent, face short,

rostrum small. Space beneath the lateral margin of the eye wide.

Postocular space wide. Fourth segment of antenna less than half

the length of the third. Lateral lobe of prothorax quadrate to rect-

angular with anterior distal angle incurved and posterior (upper)

part usually thickened, mesoxyphus bilobate at tip. Dorsum of

abdomen more or less red. Male strigil right and in size varying

from minute to large. Legs comparatively short and stout. Anterior

pala falcate terminated by a stout claw.

Genotype Corixa abdominolis Say. To this genus also

belong: Corixa serrulata Uhler, Corixa melanogaster Kirk.

JULY, 1930]

HUNGERFORD NEW CORIXID^

(= Corixa unguiculata Champ.), Arctocorixa calif ornica

Hungerford, Arctocorixa uhleri Hungerford, and Arctocorixa

gerhardi Hungerford.

This genus has some relation to Cymatia Flor. and Glseno-

corisa Thoms. It agrees with them in having the fourth seg-

ment of the antenna less than half the length of the third and

in having a broad postocular space on the head. Like Cymatia

Flor, it possesses a strong claw on front pala, but does not

have a smooth rostrum as in Cymatia.

The distribution of this group is distinctly southwestern

North America. The records from specimens in the Kansas

University entomological collections are as follows :

Graptocorixa abdominalis Say

Sutton County, Texas; Presidio County, Texas; Valentine,

Texas; Alpine, Texas; Palo Verde, Imperial County, California;

Espirita Santo Island, Gulf of California (Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; Organ

Mountains, New Mexico; Mexico; S. E. Kane County, Utah; Cata-

lina Mountains, Arizona; Hot Springs, Arizona; Warsaw, Arizona;

Superstition Mountains, Arizona; Quartzside, Arizona; Culberson

County, Arizona; Sabino Basin, S. Catalina Mountains, Arizona;

Cochise County, Arizona; Gila County, Arizona (many of these

approach the variety bimaculata Guer.) ; Yavapai County, Arizona;

Santa Cruz, Arizona; Oracle, Arizona (Calif. Acad. Sci.); Yuma

County, Arizona (Calif. Acad. Sci.).

Graptocorixa abdominalis, var. bimaculata Guer.

Mitla, Mexico; Mexico; El Paraiso, Lower California, Mexico;

Colima, Vulcano, Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica.

Graptocorixa serrulata Uhler

San Antonio, Mexico; Valentine, Texas; Presidio County, Texas;

Gila County, Arizona; Santa Cruz County, Arizona; Yavapai County,

Arizona; Cochise County, Arizona; Oracle, Arizona (Calif. Acad.

Sci.).

Graptocorixa uhleri Hungerford

Described from California. Some from Monrovia Canyon,

Californig., differ slightly from the types.

Descanso, California (Calif. Acad. Sci.); Santa Cruz Island, Cali-

fornia (Calif. Acad. Sci.).

Graptocorixa californica Hungerford

San Jacinto Mountains, California; “Californie Lansweert”; Pasa-

dena, California; San Diego County, California; Huntington Lake,

California (Calif. Acad. Sci.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

July, 1930] hungerford — new corixid^

Graptocorixa gerhardi (Hungerford)

Santa Cruz County, Arizona; Musquiz Canyon, Fort Davis,

Texas; Brewster County, Texas. (These are slightly different from

the types.)

Graptocorixa melanogaster (Kirkaldy)

Costa Rica, Mexico.

It is interesting to note that this genus appears to have a

wider range than my Neocorixa which has been taken only in

Gila County, Arizona, and Torance County, New Mexico. In

some ways Neocorixa and Graptocorixa have a common resem-

blance. In the one the strigil of the male abdomen is on the

left side, and in the other it is on the right side. I cannot find

any indication of the curious abdominal asymmetry in Grapto-

corixa that is possessed by the females of Neocorixa.

Arctocorixa omani Hungerford, species new

Size. Length, 6.6 mm. Width across head, 2.25 mm.

Color. General facies medium brown. Distinct barring on pro-

notum and basal half of clavus, nine to ten dark bands on pronotum.

The pale bands broader than the dark ones on basal half of clavus,

pattern on remainder of hemelytra reticulate, sometimes confused

with only a suggestion of cross-line effect, except embolium which

is sooty brown to black. Vertex, face and limbs light, venter more

or less dark.

Structural characteristics. Pronotum and clavus rastrate. Head

and pronotum short. Interocular space appearing a trifle narrower

than an eye. Metaxyphus about as long as wide, of the usual tri-

angular shape. Male facial fovea shallow, not attaining the eyes

laterally. Male pala of usual form as shown by Figure 3 on Plate 1,

with twenty-one pegs in the row. Strigil of average size, a little

longer than wide, composed of six striae, the outer one incomplete.

Male genital capsule as shown in Figure 4.

Described from thirty-four specimens from Carson City,

Nevada, August 9, 1929, taken by R. H. Beamer. Holotype,

allotype, and some paratypes in University of Kansas col-

lection. Paratypes also in United States National Museum and

the California Academy of Science.

I have to report this species also from : Phillips Station,

Eldorado County, California, July 24, 1921, 7000 feet eleva-

tion, collected by F. E. Blaisdell (Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; Mono

Lake, California, May 12, 1917, C. L. Fox collector (Calif.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1,

Acad. Sci.) ; Mount Kaiser, California, July 19, 1919, Fresno

County, 10,000 feet., F. C. Clark collector (Calif. Acad. Sci.) ;

Eagle Lake, Lassen County, California, July 31, 1921, J. O.

Martin collector (Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; Vancouver Island, Au-

gust 8, 1898, G. W. Taylor collector (E. P. Van Duzee) ;

Chilliwack, B. C., September 20, 1925.

Arctocorixa blaisdelli Hungerford, species new

Size. Length, 8.4 mm. Width of head, 2,7 mm.

Color. General facies of usual sort. Eight to ten dark bands on

pronotum. Pale bands slightly wider than the dark. Cross banding

of hemelytra entire only on base of clavus, elsewhere broken but

transverse somewhat undulate figures, the pale ones more slender

than the dark. Head and limbs pale, venter more or less dark.

Structural characteristics. Pronotum and clavus rastrate. Vertex

of head slightly higher than the eye. Facial fovea of male marked,

not attaining the eyes laterally. Metaxyphus slender. Front leg of

the male as shown in Figure 1 on Plate. A stridular patch of about

a dozen rows of pegs on base of front femur and thirty to thirty-two

pegs in the palar row. These pegs increase in size from the base.

Strigil of male rectangular and transverse, of fifteen striae, Clasper

of male as shown in Figure 2 on Plate.

Described from the following series : Seven specimens,

Vine Hill, Contra Costa County, California, July 5, 1911, col-

lected by F. E. Blaisdell. Holotype in collection of California

Academy of Science. Other specimens of this species as

follows: San Francisco, California, July 9, 1911, E. C. Van

Dyke, two specimens. Six specimens, Lagunitas, Marin

County, California, June 25, 1924, E. H. Nast, collector. Two

specimens, Berkeley, California, September 2'3, 1915, collected

by E. C. Van Dyke.

Some other records worthy of noting are as follows :

A. utahensis Hungerford, Red Lake, altitude 10,500 feet,

Fresno County, California; taken by E. C. Van Dyke (Calif.

Acad. Sci.). A. wileyi Hungerford, Steen Mountains, Harvey

County, Oregon, June 23, 1922, E. C. Van Dyke (Calif. Acad.

Sci.). Eagle Lake, Lassen County, California, July 31, 1921,

J. O. Martin (Calif. Acad. Sci.). San Diego County, Cali-

fornia, Poway Valley, April 9, 1930, C. and D. Martin. (Some

of these specimens are nearly black.)

JULY, 1930]

KEIFER MICROLEPIDOPTERA

CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA IV

BY H. H, KEIFER

Sacramento, California

These are four species of the family Gelechiidse. The first

is a small species which runs to the genus Epithectis in Mey-

rick’s key (Genera Insectorum, fasc. 184), and which does not

fit the description of any recorded species. The white sub-

apical fascia and apical markings are the apparent features of

this species.

Epithectis californica Keifer, new species

Second joint of palpi grayish fuscous, unevenly whitish on inner

side and above, and narrowly white at apex; terminal joint whitish,

extreme base fuscous and entire anterior edge and tip blackish. An-

tennae dark fuscous, somewhat whitish below, especially basally.

Head, thorax, abdomen and legs shining gray. Ground color of

forewing dull white, but entirely overlaid and almost completely

obscured by grayish fuscous. Basal half of wing light grayish fus-

cous with a few indistinct marks. Apical half distinctly darker and

contrastingly marked. Costa at extreme base dark fuscous. Fold

with a dark fuscous blotch just within the basal fourth, and another

at one-third, a white infusion of scales between them and after the

second in the fold; the second mark the larger, probably indicating

the plical stigma. Discal stigmata dark fuscous, small, indistinct,

the first at one-half, the second at the apical third. A short, out-

wardly pointed and oblique blackish mark on costa above first discal

stigma, followed by a white infusion and then the dark fuscous

edging on the inner side of the white fascia. Fascia rather narrow

(angled with apex pointing outward) from costa just beyond two-

thirds, extending obliquely outward to just below central line of

wing at apical fifth, thence abruptly running back to tornus, slightly

interrupted just below angle. Extreme apex with a white dot; evenly

spaced between this and the fascia on the costa are two short white

marks; a conspicuous black dash contiguous to the lower side of the

apical white dot; a white line in cilia around apex; cilia light fuscous.

Hindwing whitish overlaid light fuscous, giving a general gray

appearance. Expanse, to mm.

Type, male, No. 2963, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, taken near Fair Oaks, Sacramento County, California,

by the writer on September 19, 1928. Allotype, female. No.

2964, Museum California Academy of Sciences, with same

data. Forty-one paratypes also have this same locality and

date. These paratypes are in the collection of Miss Annette

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

F. Braun, the United States National Museum, the author’s

collection, and the Academy collection.

The male genitalia, as shown by paratypes designated in

the Academy collection and the author’s collection, are chiefly

characterized by spines around the aedceagus and the large ven-

tral plates. These ventral plates touch each other midventrally

and are emarginate apically, ending in a short midventral pro-

jection and a longer finger-like process opposite the shorter

projection, just below each harpe (see Figs, la, lb). The male

genitalia of a specimen of E. attributella Walk, furnished by

Miss Braun have been examined. In this species there is a

suggestion of the ventral plates as in calif ornica, the aedoeagus

is similar to the local species, and the harpes are about as long

though differently shaped ; but the uncus and gnathos are radi-

cally different. Specimens from Oroville and Marin County

which cannot be separated from calif ornica by wing pattern

have genitalia markedly at variance with the Sacramento

County form and therefore are not included at the present.

They may prove to be members of one quite variable species.

The next three species are of the type genus and are asso-

ciated in having the same or closely related food plants. These

plants are of the Ericacese and are Madrone (^Arbutus manziesii

Pursh.) and Manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.). The moths

differ according to the following synopsis :

Adults

A. Almost entirely reddish or brick red; male genitalia with a

short broad uncus and harpes apparently double

Gelechia panella Busck

B. Grayish black with bluish or purplish reflections and a black

rather elongate triangle on dorsal base of forewings; male

genitalia with uncus slender and produced, harpes simple,

vinculum with large median posterior lobe

Gelechia arbutina n, sp.

C. Grayish black with bluish or purplish reflections and an out-

wardly oblique black bar across central line of wing near

base; male genitalia with uncus produced and slender, harpes

simple, vinculum with two posterior lobes

Gelechia manzanita n. sp.

Larv^

A. Yellow green with three prominent dorsal longitudinal pinkish

purple stripes; found on Manzanita and Madrone

Gelechia panella Busck

JULY, 1930] KEIFER— MICROLEPIDOPTERA 29

B. Yellow green, noticeably irrorated with fine black dots; found

on Madrone only Gelechia arbutina n. sp.

C. Yellow green with a reddish purple subdorsal longitudinal

stripe, or this stripe fuscous (sometimes faint and shortened) ;

found on various species of Manzanita..-G^/^cA:a manzanita n. sp.

Gelechia arbutina Keifer, new species

The scales of this moth are light in color at the extreme

base, almost white, but heavily pigmented dark grayish or

blackish on most of the scale, which is often tipped a lighter

shade. The general effect is deep gray with black spots and a

bluish, coppery or purplish irridescence.

Palpi with second joint dark grayish fuscous, brush large,

longer at base, irrorated whitish, the joint somewhat overlaid

whitish on inner side posteriorly, especially near base ; terminal

joint blackish fuscous, irrorated and marked whitish or ochre-

ous whitish: an annulus just above base, tip white. Head deep

grayish fuscous, face on some specimens lighter; thorax as

head above, the lighter irroration not very contrasting. Ab-

domen sordid whitish, darker toward tip and below. Forewing

the same as the head and thorax, but with more contrasting

irroration, scale tufts, and black marks, and a white subapical

fascia. A small black spot within the costa near base, often

followed by two or three more. A comparatively large deep

black triangle near dorsal base, somewhat elongate longitudi-

nally, its inner and most attenuate point touching dorsal edge

near base, its outer angle ending in the fold and partly on the

edge of a scale tuft by the fold at basal fourth, the costal angle

ending a short distance across the fold and near central line

of wing. A second tuft at basal third on disk; a third, small,

obliquely below and beyond second, on the fold. A conspicuous

moderately narrow whitish fascia, slightly curved or angled,

extends from costa, just after beginning of costal cilia, to

tornus. A large blackish area from the last two scale tufts

to the fascia, the costal edge of this area extending from well

within costa near the second scale tuft to the costa at or just

before the fascia, the dorsal edge somewhat concave but

roughly following the fold to tornus. Apical area beyond the'

white transverse fascia somewhat darker than the usual wing

color, with suggestions of longitudinal stripes, the most notice-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

able directly from the fascia to just below the apex. Cilia light

gray, faintly lined parallel to wing margin. Hind wing light

fuscous, darker apically; cilia light fuscous. Legs dark fuscous

or grayish fuscous, irrorated whitish, and white at apices and

joints. Expanse, 19 to 22 mm.

Type, male. No. 2965, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared June 7, 1929, from a larva collected on

Arbutus menziesii Pursh (Madrone) at Mill Valley, Marin

County, California; allotype, female. No. 2966, Museum Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences, reared June 12, 1927, from a

larva with the same data. A series of eighteen paratypes are

included, part of them reared from Mill Valley larvae and part

from Phoenix Lake (Marin County) larvae. There are also

collected adults, all from Mill Valley, part taken by Mr. E. P.

Van Duzee. These are in the collections of Miss Braun, the

National Museum, the Academy, and the author.

The male and female genitalia as shown by certain desig-

nated paratypes are diagrammed in Figs. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. The

main features of the male genitalia are the produced uncus,

the gnathos, the ventrad projections of the tegumen, the large

midventral posterior lobe of the vinculum, and the shape of

the aedoeagus. This is compared under the next species.

The larva is comparatively robust and approximately 17

mm. long when full grown. Body yellowish green; tubercles

indicated as small conspicuous black dots; hairs moderately

long, prominent, black; body generally becoming bright pinkish

before pupation. Thoracic shield more yellowish or ochraceous

than the body, variously shaded with black usually along the

lateral or posterior margins. Anal plate more yellowish than

body; anal fork present. Thoracic legs light yellow, dark fus-

cous on tibia and tarsi. Crochets in complete circle, heavier

outwardly, unevenly triordinal, apparently 55 to 60. Head

light brown or yellow-brown, eyes blackish brown.

This larva is typically found in a roll at the outer edge of

that portion of the leaf it is skeletonizing. This roll is securely

anchored, is open at both ends, and is made larger as the larva

grows. The leaves first attacked are those that had developed

the previous year, as the new growth has not appeared when

this caterpillar begins to feed in the early spring. The habits

JULY, 1930]

KEIFER M I CROLEPIDOPTER A

of the mature larvae are not known from field observations,

but they live between new leaves in the laboratory. They are

to be collected in Marin County, at Mill Valley and Phoenix

Lake, during March, April and possibly May; collecting dates

are from March 19 to April 16.

Gelechia manzanitae Keifer, new species

This species is very -similar to the foregoing and does not

need to be described in detail as most of the description would

be a reiteration of that of arbutina. The main difference in

the pattern of the fore wings is on the basal part of the wing

where instead of a black triangle there is an oblique black bar,

from well within the costa at the basal fifth it runs across the

fold and ends on the outer side of a scale tuft well within the

dorsal margin at about the basal fourth. In addition the apical

joint of the palpi is not as white, especially at the tip. Wing

expanse of the various specimens is from 15 mm. to 19.5 mm,

averaging somewhat smaller than arbutina.

Type, male. No. 2967, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared June 26, 1927, from a larva collected by the

writer at Phoenix Lake, Marin County, California, feeding in

a new terminal of Arctostaphylos sp. (manzanita). Allotype,

female. No. 2968, Museum California Academy of Sciences,

reared June 30, 1927, from a larva having the same data. In

addition sixty-nine paratypes are included : from Phoenix Lake,

the Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, Calif., and Big Bend

Mountain (above Las Plumas), Butte County, Calif. These

are distributed among the collections of Miss Braun, the

National Museum, the Academy, and the author.

This large series of adults from these widely separated

localities shows considerable variation in size and in larval

coloration, but the color of the adults does not vary, nor do

the genitalia to any extent. Those from Phoenix Lake average

about 18.5 mm. in wing expanse, whereas the other two groups

from the inland localities average 16.5 mm. Adults from

Phoenix Lake larvas emerged from June 15 to 30; Marysville

Butte larvae appeared as adults from May 31 to June 15; the

Big Bend Mountain individuals came out about the same time

as those from Phoenix Lake.

32 THE PAN“PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

The male genitalia of this species (Figs. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e)

can immediately be seen to differ from that of arbutina: 1. In

the shape of the uncus and gnathos; 2. In the shorter projec-

tions from the tegumen; 3. In the two ventral lobes of the

vinculum; 4. In the shape of the aedoeagus. The male genitalia

of specimens of Gelechia scabrella Busck received from Dr.

William Barnes have been examined and proves that species

to belong to the same section of the genus as the new species,

the main differences being only in degree. Gelechia walsing-

hami Dietz and pennsylvanica Dietz seem also to belong to this

series, but can immediately be separated by the pattern of the

forewings.

The larvae of manzanitce were collected May 14 to 30 at

Phoenix Lake, April 20 to May 11 at the Marysville Buttes,

and May 23 to 28 on Big Bend Mountain. At least three spe-

cies of Arctostaphylos are attacked in this range. On April 26

the larvae were found skeletonizing the old leaves, as the new

growth had not yet appeared. The mature larvae are found in

spune heads of new growth, eating holes in the leaves.

A Phoenix Lake larva when full grown and not yet ready^

to pupate is from 13 to 14.5 mm. long; body light yellow green,

with a subdorsal reddish or reddish purple longitudinal stripe

from the thoracic shield to the ninth abdominal segment; a few

of the body tubercles slightly fuscous ; hairs moderate in length,

brownish fuscous; thoracic shield brown and blackish laterally,

or black with a narrow median line ; crochets in complete circle,

heavier outwardly, 45 to 47, unevenly triordinal. Head dark

brown to black.

The Marysville Butte larvae are smaller in average and

about the same in color except that the subdorsal stripe is indi-

cated by an almost faint fuscous color. The Big Bend Moun-

tain larvae are, if anything, still smaller, some only 12 mm. long

when full grown; the head and shield is never black and the

subdorsal stripe is only shortly indicated on part of the indi-

viduals by faint fuscous shading.

The pupae of manzanitce and arbutina are very similar; that

of manzanitce being 6.5 to 8 mm., and arbutina 8 to 8.5 mm.

They are dark brown, robust, the usual hair fringe on the

34 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

seventh segment, and no movable segments. In manzanitcB 'the

antennae, wings and legs end near the posterior margin of

the fifth abdominal segment, while in arbutina they end about

the middle of the segment.

Gelechia panella Busck

This species appears here by virtue of its food plants. An

adult was obtained from Manzanita in Marin County during

1927, but the larva was not noted until specimens were taken

from both Manzanita and Madrone on Big Bend Mountain,

May 23 and 28, 1928.

The length of the full-grown larva of this species is approxi-

mately 16 mm. Head light yellow or yellow-brown ; body

yellow-green with three dorsal longitudinal (a dorsal and a

subdorsal) rather wide pinkish purple stripes. The larva

appears with the new growth in the spring considerably after

the appearance of the two above-described species, and feeds

on both Manzanita and Madrone. The adult is interesting in

that it displays the reddish coloring common to a number of

Manzanita insects, which include members of the Coleoptera

and Hemiptera. The male genitalia would place panella in

another section of the genus than that of arbutina and manza-

nitcB. The distribution in California of this species as shown

by specimens in the Academy collection is : Alma, Santa Cruz

County (J. O. Martin, collector) ; Mill Valley, Marin County

(E. P. Van Duzee and M. C. Van Duzee, collectors) ; Phoenix

Lake, Marin County (reared by the writer) ; and Big Bend

Mountain, Butte County (reared by the writer). The adults

taken on the wing were collected from March to October, prov-

ing the species to overwinter in the adult stage. The reared

specimens have emergence dates from June 22 to June 29.

Explanation of Plate

la, Epithectis calif ornica, lateral view of the male genitalia,

lb, same, composite dorsal and ventral view of the male genitalia,

ventral view on right, 2a, Gelechia arbutina, male genitalia, 2b, same,

side view of uncus, gnathos, and tegumen of male genitalia, 2c, same,

basal part of the female genitalia. 2d, same, signum of female geni-

talia. 3a, Gelechia manzanita, male genitalia. 3b, same, variation in

tip of harpe. 3c, same, side view of uncus, gnathos, and tegumen of

male genitalia. 3d, same, basal part of female genitalia. 3e, same,

signum of female.

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS 35

THE DIPTEROUS GENUS SYMPYCNUS LOEW IN

NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, Ne<iv York

The described species of Sympycnus and its subgenus

Calyxochaetus are distributed over the whole world. Including

those described in this paper, 156 species have been recognized.

These are distributed about as follows : European 12 ; Oriental,

including most of Asia, 32; North America 24 and 12 species

of the subgenus Calyxochaetus ; Central America 10 and 2 spe-

cies of Calyxochaetus; South America 47 and 2 species of

Calyxochaetus; Africa 9 and one species of Calyxochaetus; Aus-

tralia and New Zealand 6 species. In South America, below

the 38 degrees south latitude, nearly half of the known species

of the Dolichopodidae belong to this genus ; this is probably

partly due to ecological conditions in the regions where most

of the collecting has been done.

The genus Sympycnus was established by Dr. Hermann

Loew in 1857, Neue Beitr., v, p. 42, for five species; generic

type designation by Coquillett in 1910, Porphyrops annulipes

Meigen (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. xxxvii, p. 610). The

genus Calyxochaetus was erected by J. Bigot in 1888, Ann.

Soc. Ent., France, Ser. 6, viii. Bulletin p. xxiv, 1888, and Ann.

Soc. Ent., France, Ser. 6, x, p. 282, 1890, with type Sympycnus

nodatus Loew.

Synonyms: Nothosympycnus Wheeler, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, pp. 47, 51, 1899, type Sympycnus

nodatus Loew; Gymnoceromyia Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent., France,

Ser. 6, X, pp. 276, 293, 1890, type of genus and only species

Gymnoceromyia andicola Bigot.

As Nothosympycnus includes the type species of Calyxo-

chaetus, there can be no question as to its being synonymous;

Gymnoceromyia has been considered a synonym of Psilopus,

but lately I described a species as a Sympycnus (Calyxochaetus)

from Chile, but when the type was returned to the British

Museum Mr. Edwards and Mr. Collin compared it with the

type of Gymnoceromyia andicola Bigot and found them the

same. As it is a true Calyxochaetus, we must place Gymno-

ceromyia also as a synonym of Calyxochaetus. This subgenus

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST . [vOL. VII, NO. 1

is separated only by having the first joint of fore tarsi shorter

than fifth, and not or but little longer than wide, but it is

shortened in the male only; the male also has the tip of the

arista enlarged in some species, but as we have a South Ameri-

can species with three enlargements on the arista and the first

joint of the fore tarsi longer than the second, it seems necessary

to make this a subgenus if we can give it even that rank.

The genus Sympycnus is characterized as follows: Face narrow

or somewhat narrowed in the male, wider in female, usually a little

wider above; first antennal joint bare above, third joint usually

small, triangular, pointed at tip with the arista inserted near the

base on upper edge; legs and feet slender, tibiae with rather small

bristles, sometimes almost without bristles; pulvilli often enlarged

in the male; abdomen elongated, cylindrical, somewhat compressed

in the male, tapering to a point in the female; hypopygium of male

more or less embedded, small, its appendages usually small, tri-

angular or rod-like; dorsum of thorax with a more or less distinct

flattened area on posterior slope, before the scutellum; acrostichal

bristles usually in a single row, rarely biserial or even wanting;

abdomen with six segments in the male, sixth small and usually not

visible on the venter; female with five visible segments; wings rather

long and narrow, sometimes much narrowed at base in male, usually

wider in the female with the anal angle more prominent; posterior

cross vein at or a little before the middle of the wing; third and

fourth veins parallel toward their tips, sometimes parallel from the

cross vein, but usually the last section of fourth vein is more or less

bent at or before its middle, fourth vein ending in or a little before

the apex of the wing; sixth vein not reaching the wing margin,

sometimes represented by a slight fold in the wing.

Some species vary considerably from the characters given

above. Several have the third antennal joint large or the arista

inserted near the middle of upper edge; in a few the abdomen

is shorter and formed more as in the Chrysotus and in several

the hypopygial appendages of the male are very long and

narrow, nearly as long as the abdomen.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for the loan of

material from the United States National Museum, from which

several species new to me are described.

Key to the Males of the North American Species of

Sympycnus, Including Mexico and the West Indies

1. Species with all tarsi plain, except sometimes in color or with

a few longer hairs on last joint 2

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE— GENUS SYMPYCNUS

2 .

6 .

8 .

10 .

11 .

12 .

13 .

Species with one or more pairs of tarsi modified, or with

unusual hairs or bristles, sometimes only the last joint a

little widened 13

Antennae wholly black or brown, sometimes first joint a little

yellow below 3

Antennae yellow or brownish yellow, at least first joint yellow 8

Fore coxae black with yellow tips (California; Alaska)

cuprinus Wheeler

Fore coxae wholly, or almost wholly yellow 4

Dorsum of thorax with a broad, median, violet stripe (Ontario;

New York) canadensis Van Duzee

Thorax without such a stripe 5

Middle and hind coxae black with yellow tips; first and second

joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length (Mexico)

varipes Aldrich

All coxae wholly yellow; first joint of hind tarsi shorter than

second 6

Dorsum of thorax with distinct lines; third antennal joint

twice as long as wide (Eastern States to Kansas)

lineatus Loew

Dorsum of thorax without lines; third antennal joint short,

not longer than wide 7

Dorsum of thorax dull; third antennal joint as long as wide;

hypopygial lamellae short and stout; abdomen rather short

(California; Washington) breviventris new species

Dorsum of thorax bright shining green; third antennal joint

short; hypopygial lamellae long and narrow; abdomen

long as usual (St. Vincent, W. I.) thoracicus new species

Basal half of first joint of hind tarsi white, apical half black;

hind tibiae enlarged at tip, which is sharply black (Colo-

rado; New Mexico; Arizona) clavatus Van Duzee

Hind tarsi not black and white; hind tibiae scarcely enlarged

at tip, which is sometimes a little brown 9

Humeri yellow (Afexico) angustipennis Aldrich

Humeri metallic or brown, sometimes a little yellow below 10

Hind tarsi with first joint only a little shorter than second

(California) lamgatus new species

First joint of hind tarsi much shorter than second 11

Face golden yellow (Alaska) aurifacies Van Duzee

Face not yellow, usually white 12

Dorsum of thorax with distinct lines (Eastern States to

Kansas) lineatus Loew

Dorsum of thorax without lines (California)

inaqualh new species

Only one pair of tarsi ornamented ....14

More than one pair of tarsi modified or with unusual hairs or

bristles ^..... 25

THE AN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

14. Fore tarsi modified dr with long hairs or bristles, other tarsi

plain IS

— Middle tarsi with long hairs or modified, other tarsi plain 19

— Hind tarsi a little compressed and widened, third joint with a

prominent spine at tip or with long hairs 20

15. Second joint of fore tarsi dilated on underside of basal half or

more; hypopygial lamellae very long filaments, fringed

with long hairs (California) caudatus Van Duzee

— Second joint of fore tarsi not swollen below; hypopygial

lamellae short 16

16. First two antennal joints yellow, third black (California)

lavigatus new species

— Antennae wholly black, or first joint yellowish below 17

17. Fore tarsi gradually, but considerably widened from base to

near tip of second joint, then narrowing again to normal

at tip (Utah) latitarsis new species

— Fore tarsi not widened in the middle, if at all 18

18. Fifth joint of fore tarsi a little widened, their pulvilli very

large (Colorado) pulvillus new species

— Second joint of fore tarsi with a spur near tip, and several

small bristles on other joints, fifth joint not at all widened,

their pulvilli large (California) breviventris new species

19. Last two joints of middle tarsi widened, black (Idaho)

montanus new species

— Second joint of middle tarsi with three long hairs (California)

L tripilus new species

20. First two joints of antennae yellow, third sometimes blackish;

third joint of hind tarsi fringed with long hair (Alaska)

tertianus Loew

— Antennae yellow, tip of third joint brown; second joint of hind

tarsi with one wavy hair, which is nearly as long as the

joint (Indiana) aldrichi new species

— Antennae wholly black or brown 21

21. Third joint of hind tarsi fringed with long hairs, fourth with

several hairs which are shorter (Wyoming; Alberta)

marcidus Wheeler

— Third joint of hind tarsi with a prominent spine at tip 22

22. Hypopygium with elongate, whitish lamellae and two or three

long, black, hair-like filaments 23

— Hypopygial appendages wholly black 24

23. Third joint of hind tarsi shorter than fourth; hypopygial

lamellae very large (Colorado; New Mexico)

calcaratus new species

— Third joint of hind tarsi as long or longer than fourth; hypo-

pygial lamellae very short (Victor, Colorado)

setosus new species

JULY, 1930] . VAN, PUZEE— GENUS SYMPYCNUS

24. Fore coxae almost wholly black, with black hair; hypopygium

round, unusually conspicuous (Colorado)

globulicauda new species

— Fore coxae almost wholly yellow with pale yellow hairs; hypo-

pygium small, partly concealed (California)

fasciventris Van Duzee

25. All tarsi modified or with unusual hairs or bristles (California)

pugil Wheeler

— Apical joints of fore tarsi slightly widened; third joint of hind

tarsi with a large thorn at tip; fore coxae, all femora and

tibiae wholly yellow (California) fasciventris Van Duzee

S5mipycnus aldrichi Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face green, quite wide above, eyes touch-

ing below; palpi and proboscis yellow; antennae (Fig. 40) yellow,

third joint brown at tip, triangular, as wide as long, arista appears

yellow in certain lights, brown in others; front dull brownish.

Dorsum of thorax green, dulled with gray pollen; lower part of

thorax yellow; abdomen yellow, apical part and the hypopygium

shining brownish black; hypopygial appendages very small.

Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, with very small hairs and

bristles; apical joints of tarsi and tips of some of the other joints

blackish; hind tarsi (Fig. 41) with long wavy hair at tip of second

joint; joints of fore tarsi as 15-5-5-4-5; of middle ones as 26-12-11-6-6;

joints of posterior pair as 18-13-14-9-8. Calypters, their cilia and the

halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins nearly straight and parallel

beyond the cross vein, fourth ending in the apex of the wing; last

section of fifth vein as 20, cross vein 11.

Described from one male taken by J. M. Aldrich, July 21,

1915, at La Fayette, Indiana. Type in the United States

National Museum.

Sympycnus angustipennis Aldrich

Biologia, Diptera, Vol. i, 344, 1901. Mexico.

Male. Length, 2.1 mm. Face very narrow below; front purple

in the middle; humeri and posterior margin of pleurae yellow;

abdomen with yellow on the sides near the base; hypopygium with

yellow appendages; coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, tarsi slightly

infuscated; first joint of middle tarsi as long as the remaining four

taken together; pul villi not enlarged; calypters, their cilia and the

halteres yellow.

Sympycnus aurifacies Van Duzee

Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. xxiii, 248, 1923. Alaska.

Male. Length, 1.7 mm. Face narrow, golden yellow; front blue

or violet; first two antennal joints orange yellow, third black, twice

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

as long as wide; palpi small, yellowish; dorsum of thorax greenish

brown, with a median green line and a poorly defined purple line

each side of it; scutellum blue or violet, green on the edge; fore

coxae, all femora and tibiae wholly yellow; fore coxae with a few

small yellow hairs; all tarsi black from tip of first joint, anterior

ones one and a half times as long as tibia, first joint nearly as long

as two following taken together; hind basitarsus hardly as long as

the second joint; last section of fifth vein twice as long as cross

vein; calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Sympycnus breviventris Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face very narrow; face and front grayish

pollinose; palpi black with white pollen; antennae (Fig. 3) black,

seen from below the first joint is yellow, from above it appears

wholly black; occiput green with white pollen; lateral and inferior

orbital cilia white.

Thorax greenish; dorsum covered with brown pollen, without

lines; acrostichal bristles few and very small; pleurae white-pollinose,

its posterior edge more or less yellow. Abdomen green, compressed;

first segment yellow at base, second and third shining yellow on

sides, leaving a median stripe on dorsum and the hind margin green;

hairs of abdomen black; hypopygium (Fig. 5) blackish, very small,

with a pair of yellow lamellae; venter yellow, its last segment black

with a pair of large black bristles.

Coxae yellow, posterior ones sometimes a little blackened; anterior

pair with minute yellow hairs; femora and tibiae yellow; fore tibiae

without bristles, middle and hind ones with a few small bristles;

tarsi yellow, more or less infuscated toward their tips; fore tarsi

(Fig. 4) with a spur at tip of second joint and with several small

bristles on other joints, sometimes these are apparently wanting,

second joint and tip of first appear slightly thickened when viewed

from the side; joints of fore tarsi as 23-9-8-6-6; of middle ones as

30-14-10-7-5; joints of posterior pair as 16-24-14-8-7. Calypters

yellow with black tips and cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings a little grayish; third and fourth veins nearly straight and

parallel beyond the cross vein, fourth ending in the apex of wing;

last section of fifth vein as 39, cross vein as 15; anal angle of wing

quite prominent.

Female. Face wider, color as in the male; abdomen tapering;

joints of hind tarsi as 20-21-13-7-8; palpi yellow; venation as in the

male.

Described from seven males and seven females, holotype,

allotype and seven paratypes taken by the author, April 17,

1915, in San Diego County, California, on the edge of the

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS 41

Colorado Desert; the other five paratypes were taken by J. M.

Aldrich, May 7-9, 1906, at Pacific Grove, California.

Holotype and allotype in author’s collection.

Sympycnus calcaratus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 3-3.5 mm. Face silvery white, narrow below;

front green, dulled with gray pollen; palpi brown or yellowish

brown; antennse (Fig. 23) black, third joint longer than wide,

triangular.

Thorax green, dulled with gray pollen; acrostichal bristles repre-

sented by several small hairs before the suture; pleurae white-polli-

nose; abdomen green, base of segments bronze or coppery, its hairs

mostly black; hypopygium (Fig. 25) black; outer lamellae large,

yellow; inner appendages a pair of small, rounded, black lamellae,

fringed with small hairs.

Coxae and most of fore femora black; tips of coxae, base and

broad tips of fore femora, middle and hind femora, trochanters and

tibiae yellow, upper edge of posterior femora sometimes brown; tarsi

blackened from tip of first joint; fore tibiae without bristles, those

of middle and hind tibiae moderately strong; fore and middle tarsi

plain, with tips of second, third and fourth joints a very little thick-

ened; hind tarsi (Fig. 24) with third and fourth joints a little

thickened, third with a stout, curved spur at tip, which is a little

shorter than the joint; joints of fore tarsi as 23-10-6-5-6; of middle

ones as 37-15-11-8-7; those of hind ones as 25-18-8-11-8. Calypters

mostly brownish with yellow cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third vein bent backward a little toward tip; last

section of fourth vein bent near basal third, nearly parallel with third

beyond this bend, its tip distinctly before apex of wing; last section

of fifth vein as 50, cross vein as 15; anal angle prominent but broadly

rounded; sixth vein distinct, not reaching wing margin.

Female. Face wide, silvery white, its sides nearly parallel; palpi

yellow, white-pollinose; third antennal joint as long as wide; color

of front, thorax, abdomen, legs and feet about as in the male; all

tarsi slender, plain; joints of fore tarsi as 29-12-9-6-6; of middle ones

as 40-17-13-8-6; those of posterior pair as 33-23-15-11-8; venation as

in the male.

Described from seven males and two females ; holotype,

allotype and two paratypes were taken by the author June 9,

1915, at Colorado Springs, Colorado; four male paratypes were

taken at Cloudcroft, New Mexico, June 18 and 19, 1902; the

female paratype at the same place on June 21. Type in author’s

collection.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VH, NO. 1

Sympycnus CANADENSIS Van Duzee

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xlix, 339, 1917. Ontario; New

York.

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face rather wide, silvery white; antennae

black, third joint triangular, as long as wide; dorsum of thorax with

a broad, median, violet stripe, more coppery on the sides and with

large, velvety black spots above root of wings; second and third

abdominal segments mostly yellow; hypopygium (Fig. 76) mostly

concealed and with black lamellae; coxae and legs yellow; upper edge

of hind femora on apical half, whole of hind tibiae and tarsi and last

two joints of fore and middle tarsi black; joints of fore tarsi as

16-7-6-4-5; of middle ones as 28-12-8-7-5; joints of posterior pair as

16-13-9-6-7; calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow; last section

of fifth vein as 27, cross vein as 9.

Sympycnus caudatus Van Duzee

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xlix, 338, 1917. California.

Male. Length, 2-3 mm. First two antennal joints yellow, third

black (Fig. 13) scarcely as long as wide; eyes contiguous; front and

thorax bronze brown; abdomen a little yellow at base; hypopygium

brown with very long, yellow outer appendages, which are fringed

with long hairs; fore coxae, all femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, some-

times the tarsi are slightly infuscated from tip of first joint, but

usually almost wholly pale yellow; fore tarsi as in Figure 14; joints

of fore tarsi as 20-7-6-6-6; of middle ones as 29-17-9-7-5; joints of

posterior pair as 15-21-12-9-7; fore pulvilli enlarged; last section of

fifth vein as 35, cross vein as 11; calypters, their cilia and the halteres

yellow.

Sympycnus clavatus Van Duzee

Entomological News, Vol. xxiv, 271, 1913. New Mexico;

Arizona; Colorado.

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm. Eyes contiguous; first two antennal

joints yellow (Fig. 7), third small, brown; thorax dark green, humeri

yellowish; abdomen largely yellow, hairs and bristles on first seg-

ment yellow; hypopygium blackish; all coxae, femora, tibiae and fore

(Fig. 8) and middle tarsi yellow, last two or three joints of these

tarsi black; hind tibiae enlarged toward tip with a sharply defined,

wide, black tip; hind tarsi scarcely half as long as tibia with basal

half of first joint white; joints of fore tarsi as 22-6-5-5-7; of middle

ones as 35-16-11-7-7; of posterior pair as 26-16-14-10-8; last section

of fifth vein as 20, cross vein as 15.

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

Sympycnus cuprinus Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 50, 1899. Western

States; Alaska.

Male. Length, 2,5-3 mm. Antennae (Fig. 1) black; face and

palpi covered with silvery white pollen; front dull black; thorax

dark green with brown pollen; abdomen green, without yellow on

sides; coxae black with yellow tips, anterior pair with several silvery

white hairs; basal half or more of fore femora and upper edge of

hind femora blackish, remainder of femora yellow; tibiae yellow,

tips of hind ones black; fore and middle tarsi from tip of first joint

and hind ones wholly black; all tarsi plain; fore pulvilli enlarged;

joints of fore tarsi as 19-8-8-7-7; of middle ones as 31-14-8-8-5; of

posterior pair as 23-20-12-7-7; calypters, their cilia and the halteres

yellow, the cilia appearing dark in certain lights; last section of fifth

vein as 32, cross vein as 12,

Sympycnus fasciventris Van Duzee

Canadian Entomologist, Vol, xlix, 337, 1917. California; Ore-

gon; Colorado.

Male. Length, 3 mm. Eyes contiguous; lower orbital cilia black,

short; antennae (Fig. 31) black; thorax brown, nearly opaque, with

gray pollen, bristles inserted in brown dots; abdomen green or cop-

pery with apical margins of segments broadly covered with gray

pollen; sometimes this portion of the segments is more green when

anterior part is coppery; fore coxae yellow with white hair; femora

and tibiae yellow; fore and middle tarsi almost wholly yellow; hind

tarsi (Fig. 32) black from tip of first joint; fore pulvilli enlarged;

joints of fore tarsi as 19-8-5-4-7; of middle ones as 40-15-10-7-6;

joints of posterior tarsi as 25-18-8-10-6; last section of fifth vein

as 41, cross vein as 12; fourth vein ending in apex of wing.

Sympycnus globulicauda Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.7 mm. Eyes touching below, leaving a small

grayish white triangle above; palpi yellowish brown with white

pollen; front dark green, dulled with gray pollen; antennae (Fig. 28)

black, third joint fully twice as long as wide.

Thorax green; dorsum with brownish pollen and three, broken,

shining brownish stripes along the rows of bristles; acrostichal

bristles few and very small; pleurae more black, white-pollinose;

abdomen green with bronze reflections, its hair black; hypopygium

(Fig. 30) large and globular, its outer lamellae brownish black,

fringed with small hairs.

Coxae black, anterior ones with a few black hairs, which are

longer and more bristle-like at tip; fore femora blackened on basal

THE PAN -PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

half, yellow at extreme base and on apical portion; trochanters,

middle and hind femora, all tibiae and base of all tarsi yellow, all

tarsi more or less blackened from tip of first joint; fore tibiae without

bristles; middle tibiae with three rather large ones; hind tibiae with

several smaller bristles; hind tarsi (Fig. 29) with three bristles on

side of first joint, second with two bristles, third joint with several

larger ones on the side and a strong one at tip, fourth joint thickened

when seen from the side; fore and middle tarsi plain; pulvilli of all

tarsi a little enlarged; joints of fore tarsi as 18-9-6-5-5; of middle

ones as 25-11-14-11-10; joints of hind tarsi as 22-17-8-11-6. Calypters

with black cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; last section of fourth vein bent near basal third,

nearly parallel with third at tip, reaching the wing margin before

the apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 42, cross vein as 12;

anal angle of wing rather prominent.

Described from one male, taken by the author June 9, 1915,

at Colorado Springs, Colorado. Type in author’s collection.

Sympycnus inaequalis Van Duzee, nev^ species

Male. Length, 2 mm. Head in the type shrunken so the eyes

touch; palpi yellowish, almost yellowish brown; antennas (Fig. 11)

with first two joints yellowish, third black, triangular, considerably

longer than wide.

Thorax blue-green, dorsum with brown pollen; acrostichal bristles

few but long; abdomen blackish green, base yellowish, especially

first segment, its hairs mostly yellowish, first segment with long

yellow bristles on sides; hypopygium (Fig. 12) shining black with

moderately long, pointed lamellae, which are yellow at base and have

long hairs on sides and a hair at tip as long as the lemallae.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, middle, hind and upper surfaces

of hind femora brownish, hind tibiae more brown and slightly en-

larged on apical half, but all these appear more yellow in certain

lights; tarsi brown, fore and middle pairs appear yellow when seen

in the right light; anterior and posterior tarsi plain, first three joints

of middle tarsi plain (last two joints missing in type); joints of fore

tarsi as 36-17-19-8-7; first three joints of middle tarsi as 42-19-13;

of posterior ones as 19-32-13-11-7; pulvilli of fore tarsi not or scarcely

enlarged. Calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; fourth vein ending in apex of wing; last section

of fifth vein nearly straight, twice as long as cross vein; anal angle

of wing quite prominent.

Female. Five females that probably are of this species were

taken with the male but differ considerably from it: Face wide,

gray-pollinose; antennae wholly black, third joint as long as wide;

hind tibiae yellow, scarcely darker at tip; hind femora black on apical

fourth; first joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as second. They agree

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

with the male in having the last section of fifth vein straight and

twice as long as cross vein; third and fourth veins straight and

parallel, fourth ending in apex of wing; all coxae yellow, and pos-

terior margin of pleurae a little yellowish below. Dorsum of thorax

in females shining brownish with quite distinct lines, in male bluish

without lines.

Described from one male and five females, taken by the

author at Konocti Bay, Clear Lake, Lake County, California,

May 10, 1926. Type in the author’s collection.

Sympycnus laevigatus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face very narrow, eyes touching in middle

of face (head shrunken) leaving a long, white triangle above and

below; palpi rather large, yellow; front and occiput blackish green,

white-pollinose; antennae (Fig. 9) with first two joints yellow, third

joint blackish, a little yellowish at base, very small, rounded; lower

orbital cilia white.

Thorax green, dulled with white pollen, viewed obliquely the

pollen on the middle of the dorsum is more brownish, forming three

distinct brown lines, the middle one reaching the scutellum; humeri

below and the posterior edge of pleurae yellow; acrostichal bristles

not distinguishable in type; dorsum of abdomen shining black,

second and third segments yellowish brown, lighter in color at base

of second, becoming more black on hind margin of third; hairs of

abdomen black, the long ones on lower edge of first and second

segments yellow; venter yellow; hypopygium shining black, its outer

lamellae short, narrow, yellow, inner appendages black.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; hind femora slightly brown

above on apical half; fore coxae with small white hairs on anterior

surface and yellow bristles at tip; fore and middle tarsi yellow with

last joint black, seen in certain lights some of the other joints appear

infuscated; hind tarsi black from tip of first joint; fore tarsi (Fig. 10)

with long hair and with the joints a little thickened, their pulvilli

enlarged; fore tarsi with the joints as 22-9-7-5-7, pulvilli as 4; joints

of middle tarsi as 36-17-14-8-6; of hind ones as 23-25-16-11-10.

Calypters 3 ^ellow with black tip and yellow cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings grayish, darker in front; third vein a little bent backward

at tip; last section of fourth vein without a bend, nearly parallel

with third, ending in apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 24,

cross vein as 15; wings narrowed at base.

Female. Face wide, black with gray pollen; palpi brownish;

antennae as in male; no acrostichal bristles; abdomen metallic

coppery black with large yellow spots on sides of second and third

segments and small ones on sides of first; legs and feet colored as

in the male; joints of posterior tarsi as 28-30-20-11-10; wings more

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 1

tinged with brown; venation as in the male; last section of fifth vein

as 22, cross vein as 25; wings less narrowed at base.

Described from one pair, taken by the author. May 7 and 8,

1915, at Berkeley, California. Types in the author’s collection.

Sympycnus latitarsis Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face, front, occiput and palpi black; face

very narrow with sides parallel below the middle and a little grayish

brown pollen; antennae (Fig. 15) black, first joint rather long, third

small, somewhat triangular, as long as wide; lower posterior orbits

with a few small, white cilia.

Thorax green; dorsum with a little brown pollen and indistinct,

broken, brown lines along the rows of bristles; acrostichal bristles

few and small; abdomen greenish black, second and third segments

largely yellow on the sides and venter; hairs of abdomen black;

hypopygium large, shining black with short pale hairs, (It is broken

off, but still adheres to the abdomen in the only specimen I have.)

Fore coxae yellowish, almost brown; middle and hind ones black;

femora and tibiae dark yellow, fore femora somewhat blackened at

base; all tarsi yellow at base, blackened from the tip of first joint;

fore tarsi (Figs. 16 and 17) flattened, gradually widened from base

to near the tip of second joint, then becoming smaller, last joint

nearly normal; first joint with a long bristle at tip that is a little

shorter than second joint; second joint with three large bristles that

do not show when viewed from above the broad upper surface;

joints of fore tarsi as 20-11-7-5-6; of middle ones as 27-14-10-6-6;

joints of posterior pair as 18-20-13-9-7, Halteres yellow.

Wings grayish, slightly darker in front; third and last section

of fourth vein nearly straight and parallel, fourth ending in the apex

of the wing; last section of fifth vein as 35, cross vein as 12.

Described from one male, taken by the author June 7, 1915,

at Wendover, Utah. Type in the author’s collection.

Sympycnus lineatus Loew

Neue Beitr., Vol. viii, 67, 1861 ; Mon. N. Am. Diptera, Vol. ii,

189, 1864. Eastern States to Kansas.

Length, 2-3 mm. Antennae (Fig. 2) more or less yellow or yel-

lowish; dorsum of thorax grayish brown with darker lines; abdomen

brownish gray to yellowish brown; hypopygium black with narrow,

straight, rather long, brown appendages projecting downward; coxae,

legs and feet yellowish; joints of fore tarsi as 22-9-6-5-5; of middle

ones as 33-14-11-6-5; of posterior pair as 17-22-15-14-7; third and

fourth veins nearly straight and parallel, fourth ending in apex of

wing; last section of fifth vein as 22, cross vein as 10.

JULY, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

Sympycnus marcidus Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 48, 1899. Wy-

oming; Alberta.

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm. Antennas (Fig. 33) small, black, third

joint as long as wide; face very narrow, white; palpi minute, yellow;

thorax dull green; abdomen green with coppery reflections; venter

yellow; hypopygium shining black with a rather long, straight, yel-

lowish appendage extending downward; coxae yellow, middle and

hind ones infuscated on outer surface, fore coxae with white hairs;

femora and tibiae yellow; fore tarsi (Fig. 34) shorter than their

tibiae; fore pulvilli white, enlarged; hind tarsi (Figs. 35, 36) blackened

from tip of first joint; joints of fore tarsi as 13-6-5-4-6; of middle

ones as 38-17-13-8-7; of posterior pair as 27-20-14-8-7; fourth vein

ending in apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 43, cross vein

as 10; calypters and halteres yellow, cilia of former white; hind tibiae

and tips of hind femora sometimes brown.

Sympycnus montanus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.2 mm. Eyes contiguous below (perhaps from

the head being shrunken), leaving a gray triangle above; front and

occiput dull blackish; palpi yellow; antennae black, third joint small,

triangular, arista dorsal.

Dorsum of thorax green with brown pollen; pleurae white-polli-

nose, posterior edge of pleurae and spot at root of wing yellowish;

a scarcely visible depressed area before the scutellum; abdomen

shining black with a reddish yellow tinge on basal half; venter

yellow at base; hairs on dorsum of abdomen black, on sides at base

yellowish; hypopygium black, its small outer lamellae black with

several long hairs at tip; inner appendages more testaceous.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; fore coxae with a few yellow

hairs; fore tarsi yellow at base, blackened from second joint; middle

tarsi (Fig. 42) yellow with last two joints black and widened; hind

tarsi black from tip of first joint; joints of fore tarsi as 17-7-5-4-6;

their pulvilli enlarged; joints of middle tarsi as 28-13-11-5-6; of

posterior pair as 17-17-12-8-7. Calypters, their cilia and the halteres

yellow.

Wings grayish, narrowed a little at base; last section of fourth

vein straight, nearly parallel with third, ending in the apex of the

wing; last section of fifth vein as 23, cross vein as 15.

Described from one male taken by J. M. Aldrich, June 4,

1910, on Mount Moscow, Idaho. Type in the United States

National Museum.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Several members of the Pacific Coast Entomological So-

ciety have been in the field again during the past season. Mr.

J. O. Martin and Mr. Gorton Linsley went by auto to Browns-

ville, Texas, stopping for a little work in Arizona and New

Mexico. Their work will add several thousand insects of the

southern Texas fauna, which has not been as well represented

as it should be in the collection of the Academy. Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke covered some interesting localities in a circuit

including Salt Lake City, the Grand Teton, Yellowstone and

Glacier National Parks and Steven’s Pass in the Cascade

Mountains in Oregon, altogether adding about three thousand

insects to the Academy collections. Mr. J. E. Cottle made two

or three short trips for Lepidoptera, the most important of

which was to Modoc County, California, and a number of

similar collecting trips within California were made by Mr.

Sternitzky. Mr. Robert Usinger and Robert Wind were mem-

bers of a Boy Scout party under the direction of Dr. Ansel

Hall, that visited the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and sev-

eral interesting localities in the Rocky Mountains. Both were

able to make some valuable additions to their collections. Your

editor did some work in the “Mother Lode Country” in the

Sierra foothills, adding about 1800 insects to the Academy

collection, and Dr. F. E. Blaisdell took some interesting ma-

terial during a short stay in the Yosemite Valley. During last

winter Mr. Theo O. Zschokke and Mr. Richard Blackwelder

collected for a time about Gatun Lake, Panama, Canal Zone.

The Hemiptera came to the Academy collection and made a

most welcome addition, as the representation of the Biologia

fauna already there was comparatively meagre.

Among the welcome visitors at the Entomology Department

of the California Academy of Sciences during the summer holi-

days may be mentioned: S. A. Rohwer, of the Department of

Agriculture, Washington ; R. H. Painter, Agricultural College,

Manhattan, Kansas ; Dwight M. De Long, Ohio State Univer-

sity, Columbus, Ohio, and B. Prashad, director. Zoological

Survey of India, Calcutta, India.

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CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

“California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

California.”

Vol. VII

October, 1930

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DUZEE, M. C., THE DIPTEROUS GENUS SYMPYCNUS IN NORTH AMERICA

(concluded) 49

VAN DUZEE, E. P., A NEW BEDUNIA 64

CHAMBERLIN, SOME CHILOPODS IMMIGRANT AT HAWAII 65

MARTIN, TWO NEW COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS FROM ARIZONA 70

FALL, A NEW APHODIUS AND A NEW BUPRESTID FROM CALIFORNIA ... 73

LINSLEY, NEW POGONOCHERUS AND ECYRUS 77

BEQUAERT, ASHMEAD’S GENUS POLISTELLA 91

STERNITZKY, A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PLEBEJUS ICAROIDES 93

HINTON, OBSERVATIONS ON TWO CALIFORNIA BEETLES 94

EDITORIAL COMMENT 96

San Francisco, California

1930

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofRce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VII, No. 2

October, 1930

THE DIPTEROUS GENUS SYMPYCNUS LOEW IN

NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Buffalo, New York

(Continued from page 47)

Sympycnus pugil Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 51, 1899. Cali-

fornia; Washington.

Length, 2.5 mm. Face gray-pollinose; front dull green; palpi

small, white-pollinose with a white bristle at tip; antenna black,

third joint small; lower orbital cilia white; thorax, scutellum, and

abdomen dull metallic green, the former with thin gray pollen;

abdomen a little yellow at base, its venter yellow; hypopygium large;

coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; hind femora sometimes dark above;

fore tarsi (Fig. 37) black from tip of first joint; middle tarsi (Fig. 38)

yellow with tip of first and whole of last four joints black; hind

tarsi (Fig. 39) black from tip of first joint; joints of fore tarsi as

24-6-5-5-6; of middle ones as 28-15-12-5-5; joints of posterior pair as

20-20-13-10-7; fore pulvilli much enlarged; wings narrowed at base;

fourth vein ending in apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 22,

cross-vein as 17; calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Sympycnus pul villus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face silvery white, narrowed below;

front brown; occiput green, dulled with white pollen; antennas

(Fig. 18) black, third joint as long as wide, pointed at tip; lateral

and inferior orbital cilia white.

Dorsum of thorax green with only a little gray pollen; pleurae

more blackish, with white pollen, depressed space before the scutel-

lum quite conspicuous; abdomen green with coppery reflections on

the base of the segments beyond second, its hair black; hypopygium

(Fig. 20) small, inconspicuous, black, with very small, black append-

ages.

Coxae black with yellow tips; fore coxae with white hair; hair

on middle and hind ones and bristles on posterior pair yellow; fore

femora greenish black with yellow tip, their lower surface with

several long hairs and two bristles near tip; middle femora wholly

yellow; hind femora yellow with apical third metallic black, the

black extending along upper edge nearly to base; all tibiae yellow,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

posterior ones brown on apical third; bristles of middle and hind

tibiae strong; fore tarsi (Fig. 19) yellow with rather long hair, last

joint black, a little flattened and widened, their pulvilli white, each

a little smaller than the fifth joint; middle tarsi brown almost to base,

hind ones wholly black; joints of fore tarsi as 16-6-6-5-5; fifth joint

as 3 wide and pulvilli as 4 long; joints of middle tarsi as 22-11-10-6-6;

of posterior ones as 19-16-11-7-7. Calypters, their cilia and the

halteres yellow, the former with a black tip.

Wings grayish, a little narrowed toward their root; last section of

fourth vein a little bent before basal third, its tip before the apex

of wing; last section of fifth vein as 34, cross vein as 11.

Described from five males ; two were taken by J. M. Aldrich

at Tennessee Pass, Colorado, holotype July 11, at 10,240 feet

elevation, the paratype July 23, 1917 ; three paratypes were

taken by the author at Mill Valley, Marin County, California,

March 25, 1926. Type in the United States National Museum.

The Tennessee Pass paratype may represent another species;

it differs from the other type in having the fore coxae almost

wholly yellow, fore femora less blackened; the fore tarsi are

missing, but the joints of middle and hind tarsi are in about

the same proportion as in holotype. The Mill Valley paratypes

are in such shape as to conceal the hypopygial appendages, the

abdomen appearing obtusely pointed at tip; in one there is a

slender, black lamella showing, which is fringed with hair.

The drawing of the antena is from a Mill Valley paratype and

the hypopygium from the holotype.

Sympycnus setosus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face silvery white, narrow below; palpi

brown; front blackish with gray pollen; antennas (Fig. 26) black or

brown, third joint as long as wide.

Thorax blackish with purple reflections, dulled with gray pollen;

acrostichal bristles represented by several very minute hairs; ab-

domen cylindrical, reddish coppery with blue or purple bands at base

of segments, its hairs minute, black; hypopygium colored like the

abdomen, its lamellae small, white with two black filaments or

bristles which are twice as long as the lamellae and extend the length

of the lamellae beyond them.

Coxae black, anterior pair with extreme tip yellow, front surface

with very small, black hairs and several black bristles at tip; tro-

chanters, femora and tibiae yellow; fore tibiae without bristles; middle

ones with two rather small ones; hind tibiae with several very small

bristles; fore and middle tarsi yellow, a little darker at tip; hind

tarsi (Fig. 27) black with first joint yellow at base, third joint thick

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

with a stout bristle at tip and several smaller ones on one side, first

joint with small, erect spines below, these are not much more than

stout hairs and are continued on the next joint, but are still more

hair-like; fore pulvilli a little enlarged; fore and middle tarsi plain;

joints of fore tarsi as 23-10-6-5-5; of middle ones as 38-12-7-5-6;

joints of posterior pair as 25-21-10-9-7, bristle at tip of third joint

as 6. Calypters whitish at base, black at tip with black cilia; halteres

yellow.

Wings grayish. They are crumpled and broken in both type

specimens.

Described from two males, taken by the author June 11,

1915, at Victor, Colorado, at about 10,000 feet elevation. Type

in the author’s collection.

This is something like calcaratus, new species, in the form

and color of the hypopygial lamellae, but the lamellae are very

long in that species and very short in this ; the abdomen in

calcaratus is enlarged below at tip in this cylindrical and slightly

tapering to the tip; the third antennal joint is smaller in this

and hind tarsi much more spiney, especially the third joint.

Sympycnus tertianus Loew

Monog., North American Diptera, Vol. ii, 187, 1864. Alaska.

Male. Length, 2.5 mm. Face grayish; palpi and first two an-

tennal joints yellow; third antennal joint black, rounded; thorax and

abdomen grayish green, rather dull; thorax without lines; posterior

margin of pleurae pale yellow; venter of abdomen wholly yellow;

outer lamellae lancet-shaped, of rather dark color; coxae, femora and

tibiae pale yellow; tarsi blackish from tip of first joint; joints of fore

tarsi of decreasing length in the female, in male the third and fourth

joints are of nearly equal length; joints of middle tarsi of decreasing

length in both sexes; first joint of hind tarsi a little shorter than

second and in the male the third joint is somewhat shorter than

fourth, fourth with longer hairs at tip; wings much narrowed at

base; fourth vein ends a little before the apex of the wing; cross

vein at the middle between root and apex of wing.

Sympycnus thoracicus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2.5 mm. Eyes contiguous, reducing the face to

a very narrow line of white on upper half; front black with white

pollen, narrow; antennae black, third joint very small, triangular.

Dorsum of thorax and scutellum very bright green, the former

with golden reflections; pleurae brown, largely yellowish; abdomen

cylindrical, black with first and second segments reddish yellow, its

hairs yellow, those on venter as long as thickness of abdomen;

hypopygium (Fig. 6) black, small, its outer lamellae long and narrow,

black; also a pair of small, hook-like inner appendages.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, last joint of middle tarsi

black; all tarsi plain, except that the fore tarsi are very slender and

have long hair on all joints, many of them three times as long as

diameter of the joint, their pulvilli very large; joints of fore tarsi as

25-15-8-6-6; of middle ones as 28-15-12-9-7; joints of posterior ones

as 18-23-14-9-6. Calypters yellow with black tips and cilia; halteres

yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins parallel and a little arched,

tip of fourth back of apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 27,

cross vein as 17; anal angle of wing prominent.

Described from one male taken at St. Vincent, West Indies,

at 1500 feet elevation. Type No, 33, Arkansas University

collection.

S 3 mipycnus tripilus Van Duzee, new species

Male. Length, 2-2.5 mm. Face silvery white, narrow below, its

sides parallel on lower two-thirds; palpi small yellow; proboscis

yellowish brown; front black in middle, shining green on sides;

antennae (Fig. 21) black, third joint large, nearly twice as long as

wide, rounded at tip; lower orbits nearly bare, a few black cilia

above.

Thorax metallic brown with green reflections and brown pollen;

acrostichal bristles rather long, in a single row; pleurae white-polli-

nose, its posterior edge yellow; abdomen brown above, venter, most

of second segment and sides of others yellow; hairs on dorsum black,

bristles on sides of first segment yellow; hypopygium greenish black,

its outer appendages narrow, short, yellow.

All coxae yellow; fore coxae with a few small yellow hairs, these

become longer and more bristle-like toward the tip; femora and

tibiae yellow, posterior femora and tibiae more or less brown at tip;

fore tibiae without bristles, middle ones with three, hind tibiae with

several rather small bristles; fore and middle tarsi yellow at base,

brown apically, hind ones wholly brown; middle tarsi (Fig. 22) with

three long, curved hairs on anterior surface of second joint, and a

short, straight one near tip, first joint with several very small spines,

second and third joints with a small spine at tip, third and fourth

joints each with a long hair, fifth with long hairs above, but these

are not longer than in some other species; joints of fore tarsi as

19-13-8-6-5; of middle ones as 32-10-7-6-5; joints of posterior pair

as 15-20-12-8-7. Calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; last section of fourth vein straight, nearly parallel

with third, ending in the apex of the wing; last section of fifth vein

as 25, cross vein as 9; wing narrowed at base.

Female. Face white, wide; proboscis yellow; base of hind tarsi

yellow; abdomen more brown or yellowish brown; otherwise about

as in the male. Sometimes the antennae are brown or yellowish

brown.

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

Described from eleven males and four females, taken by

the author, April 15, 1915, in San Diego County, California, on

the edge of the Colorado Desert. Type in author’s collection.

Sympycnus varipes Aldrich

Biologia, Diptera, Vol. i, 344, 1901. Mexico.

Male. Length, 2.6 mm. Face and front brown pollinose; an-

tennas black, short; dorsum of thorax opaque gray with a brown,

median line and the bristles inserted in brown dots; scutellum bright

blue; abdomen bronze green with anterior part of each segment

purplish, abdomen without yellow; fore coxas, all femora and tibiae

yellow, tip of hind femora and tibiae and whole of hind tarsi blackish;

fore tarsi yellow with last joint black and enlarged; middle tarsi

yellow with tips of first four joints and whole of last joint blackish;

middle coxas with white hairs in front, hind ones with one blackish

bristle; fore pulvilli enlarged; first and second joints of hind tarsi of

nearly equal length; wings grayish; moderately narrowed at base;

fourth vein ending in apex of wing.

Key to Males of the Species of the Subgenus

Calyxoch^etus

1. Fore tibias considerably incrassated; second joint of fore tarsi

with a long slender bristle or hair at tip 2

— Fore tibias not or but little incrassated 3

2. Arista quite thick, gradually, but considerably enlarged to-

ward tip; Figs. 43-46 (New England States; New York;

Pennsylvania; New Jersey; Ontario) fortunatus Loew

— Arista slender with a conspicuous, lamella at tip; Figs. 47-49

(California) ‘vegetus Wheeler

3. Fourth joint of fore tarsi distinctly longer than third 4

— Fourth joint of fore tarsi shorter than third 5

— Fore tarsi with third and fourth joints of nearly equal length 7

4. Arista plain; fourth joint of fore tarsi with hooked hairs or

bristles above; Figs. 50-52 (Maine; Massachusetts; New

York; Pennsylvania; Indiana) frontalis Loew

— Arista gradually but considerably enlarged on apical fifth;

Figs. 53-55 (Utah) distortus new species

— Arista with a large, nearly round lamella at tip; Figs. 56-58

(Colorado; Alaska) cilifemoratus Van Duzee

5. Fourth joint of fore tarsi about half as long as third (Cali-

fornia cereas Wheeler

— Fourth joint of fore tarsi much more than half as long as

third 6

6. Second joint of middle tarsi with several long hairs on basal

half; Figs. 59-61 (Maine; Ontario) luteipes Van Duzee

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

— Tarsi plain, without unusual hairs (Kansas)

abbreviatus Van Duzee

7. Third joint of middle tarsi a little longer than fifth, fourth and

fifth of equal length; Figs. 66-69 (Illinois; Wisconsin;

Missouri; New York; Ontario) nodatus Loew

— Third and fourth joints of middle tarsi each much longer than

fifth; Figs. 62-65 (California) clavicornis new species

— Third and fourth joints of middle tarsi each much shorter

than fifth 8

8. Apical enlargement of arista slight, occupying only apical

third; Figs. 70-72 (Idaho; California) sobrinus Wheeler

— Enlargement of arista quite conspicuous, occupying most of

apical half; Figs. 73-75 (California) hastatus new species

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) abbreviatus Van Duzee

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xlix, 341, 1917. Kansas.

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face narrow, silvery white; palpi yellowish;

proboscis brown; front blue with thick brown pollen; antennae brown,

third joint large, nearly as wide as long, somewhat square with

rounded corners; dorsum of thorax brown, nearly opaque; abdomen

yellowish at base, black from hind margin of second segment,

bronzed at tip; coxae yellow, anterior ones with minute yellow hairs

and yellow bristles at tip; middle and hind coxae with a black bristle

on outer surface; all femora and tibiae yellow, hind femora and tibiae

darkened at tip, the latter with a rather long, slender bristle near

basal third; fore tarsi yellow, darkened at tip, first joint not longer

than thick, second more than half as long as tibia, third a little

longer than fourth, which is scarcely longer than fifth; hind tarsi

black from tip of first joint, which is shorter than second; wings

grayish, rather narrow at base; veins yellowish brown, costa darker;

fourth vein ending in apex of wing; last section of fifth vein three

times as long as cross vein.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) cilifemoratus

Van Duzee

Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. Ixiii, Art. 21, 12, 1924.

Colorado; Alaska.

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm. Face narrow below, covered with

white pollen; front blackish or blue with brown pollen; antennas

(Fig. 56) black; thorax bronze brown with brown pollen and blue

reflections; abdomen dark metallic green, bristles on first segment

yellow; hypopygial appendages small, black; all coxae, femora and

fore and middle tibiae yellow, apical half of hind femora more or less

blackish; hind tibiae blackish, sometimes yellowish at base; fore coxae

and fore and middle tibiae with yellow hairs; fore tarsi (Fig. 57) and

middle tarsi (Fig. 58) black from tip of first joint; hind tarsi wholly

black; joints of fore tarsi as 3-29-8-11-7; of middle ones as 34-14-

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

11-10-5; those of posterior pair as 18-23-14-11-8; wings narrowed at

base; third and fourth veins a very little convergent at tips, fourth

ending just before the apex of wing; last section of fifth vein as 31,

cross vein as 10; calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Sympycnus (Calyxochaetus) clavicornis Van Duzee

new species

Male. Length, 2.5 mm. Face narrow, eyes touching below, black

with white pollen; front blackish; palpi black; antennas (Fig. 62)

brown, first joint long, third as long as first, slightly more than half

as wide as long, tip broadly rounded, arista inserted at tip of third

joint, gradually much widened on apical fourth.

Thorax and abdomen dark brown, shining, dorsum of thorax with

brown pollen, which leaves darker lines; scutellum a little bluish;

posterior edge of pleurae partly yellowish; sides of second abdominal

segment wholly yellow, remaining segments slightly tinged with

green; hypopygium (Fig. 65) brown, with very small, triangular,

yellow lamellas, a pair of large inner lamellae and a long, smooth,

curved, yellow central organ; hairs of abdomen partly yellowish.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; fore coxae with a few white hairs;

middle and hind coxae a little darkened on outer surface; nearly

apical fourth of hind femora brown; hind tibiae more or less

brownish, especially at tip and with several long pale hairs below

near tip; fore tarsi (Fig. 63) brown from tip of second joint; middle

tarsi (Fig. 64) brown at tip, second joint enlarged and with several

long, delicate hairs below; hind tarsi wholly blackish; joints of fore

tarsi as 4-21-9-10-7; of middle ones as 30-11-10-8-5; joints of pos-

terior pair as 20-23-14-11-7. Calypters, their cilia and halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins nearly straight and paral-

lel, fourth ending distinctly before the apex of wing; last section of

fifth vein 45, cross vein ten-fiftieths of a millimeter long.

Female. Face moderately wide, covered with white pollen; front

blue-black; palpi brown; third antennal, joint nearly round in outline;

lower orbital cilia white; abdomen a very little yellowish on the sides

at base; joints of fore tarsi as 20-15-9-6-6; of middle ones as 33-12-

10-8-7; those of posterior pair as 21-21-14-9-9; wings with third and

fourth veins a little farther apart than in male, fourth ending in apex

■of wing; last section of fifth vein 48, cross vein 14; legs almost

wholly yellow, tarsi a little brownish.

Described from two males and one female, taken by J. M.

Aldrich, July 23, 1911, at Mono Lake, California. Type in the

United States National Museum.

Sympycnus (Calyxochaetus) distortus Van Duzee

new species

Male. Length, 2mm. Antennas (Fig. 53) brown, third joint

rounded, but little longer than wide, arista as long as fore tarsi,

apical fifth gradually but considerably enlarged.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Thorax and abdomen brown, the former with a little brown

pollen; second segment of abdomen largely yellow; hypopygium

about as in davicornis, rounded above with small, triangular, yel-

lowish outer lamellae, which are not longer than wide, inner append-

ages rounded.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow; tips of posterior femora and tibiae

brownish; fore coxae with a few short white hairs; hind femora with

black hairs below, which are short at base, long near tip; fore tarsi

(Fig. 54) yellow with last joint brown, third joint shorter than

fourth, which is curved and has a few long hairs; middle tarsi

(Fig. 55) yellow with last three joints brown, first joint with one

long hair near tip, second with about four long hairs on basal half;

hind tarsi wholly brown; joints of fore tarsi as 3-23-9-13-7; of middle

ones as 30-13-12-9-5; joints of posterior pair as 20-24-14-10-8. Calyp-

ters, their cilia and the halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins nearly parallel, but bent

back and slightly approaching each other at tip, fourth ending just

in front of apex of wing; cross vein about as 6, last section of fifth

vein as 35.

Described from one male, taken by J. M. Aldrich, July 6,

at Soldier Summit, Utah, at 7454 feet elevation. Type in the

United States National Museum.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) fortunatus Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 52, 1899. North-

eastern States; Ontario.

Male. Length, 3.3 mm. Face very narrow, light gray-pollinose;

front violet; antennae (Fig. 43) dark brown; thorax dull black,

covered with brown pollen, except a median vitta and spots above

the humeri; scutellum violet; abdomen brownish black, base of first,

second and third segments and the venter pale yellow; all coxae and

femora pale yellow; fore coxae with silvery white hairs; posterior

femora brown on apical third; all tibiae pale yellow, tips of hind ones

blackish; fore tibiae and tarsi (Fig. 44), the tarsi black from middle

of second joint; middle tarsi (Figs. 45 and 46) blackish from tip of

first joint; hind tarsi wholly black; length of fore tibiae as 43, joints

of fore tarsi as 5-25-18-7-7; of middle tarsi as 43-11-5-8-7; joints of

posterior pair as 23-29-15-10-7; wings much narrowed at base with

a lobe basally from tip of fifth vein; third and fourth veins nearly

parallel, but slightly arched; last section of fifth vein as 40, cross

vein as 10.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) frontalis Loetv

Neue Beit., Vol. viii, 67, 1861 ; Monog. N. Am. Diptera, Vol. ii,

188, 1864. Northeastern States.

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face very narrow below, covered with

white pollen so as to nearly conceal the blue ground color; front

bright violet; antennas (Fig. 50) black or brown; dorsum of thorax

green or blue with thick grayish brown pollen; abdomen black or

greenish black with more or less yellow, especially on the sides;

posterior margin of pleurae, all coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow,

tarsi more or less infuscated; fore tarsi (Fig. 51) with its joints as

4-20-9-14-6; middle tarsi (Fig. 52) with its joints as 40-14-4-4-7;

those of posterior tarsi as 19-24-14-11-6; wings with third and fourth

veins nearly straight and parallel, fourth ending in apex of wing;

last section of fifth vein as 32, cross vein as 13; calypters, their cilia

and the halteres yellow.

Sympycnus (Calyxochaetus) hastatus Van Duzee

new species

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face narrow, white; front purple, shining,

except a narrow margin of white pollen along the orbits and above

the antennae; antennae (Fig. 73) black, third joint more brown,

rounded at tip, arista rather short, its first two joints as 22-28, third

joint widened before its middle, but pointed at tip; lower orbital cilia

white.

Thorax green, dull, scutellum blue. Abdomen dull green, second

and third segments yellow, except a median dorsal line, which

widens at the sutures, its hair black; hypopygium black, pointed

below, with a pair of short, pale lamellae, fringed with black hair.

Fore coxae yellow with minute yellow hair; middle and hind

coxae black with yellow tips; femora and tibia yellow, posterior

femora on apical half, especially above, and extreme tips of hind tibia

brown; fore tarsi (Fig. 74) yellow, darker toward tip; middle tarsi

(Fig. 75) yellowish brown; posterior tarsi black from tip of first

joint; joints of fore tarsi as 4-29-14-14-7; of middle ones as 50-12-

4-5-8; joints of posterior pair as 22-27-15-10-5. Calypters yellow with

black tip and pale cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings grayish; third and fourth veins nearly parallel, the latter

ending in apex of wing; cross vein 12, last section of fifth vein 43-

fiftieths of a millimeter long; sixth vein short; wing not much

narrowed at base.

Described from one male taken by the author, April 15,

1915, in San Diego County, California, on the edge of the

Colorado Desert. Type in the author’s collection.

Sympycnus (Calyxochzetus) luteipes Van Duzee

Psyche, Vol. xxx, 63, tar salts, Curran, Canadian Entomologist,

Vol. Ivi, 108, 1924. Maine; New York; Ontario.

Male. Length, 2 mm. Face narrow, white; front dark blue; an-

tennae (Fig. 59) black or brown; dorsum of thorax brown, a little

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

dulled with brown pollen; scutellum blue; posterior edge of pleurae

yellow; abdomen with yellow on the sides; all coxae, femora and

fore and middle tibiae yellowish; tips of hind femora and the hind

tibiae more brown or black; fore tarsi (Fig. 60) yellow, blackened

from tip of third joint; middle tarsi (Fig. 61) black from tip of first

joint; hind tarsi wholly black, shorter than their tibia; joints of fore

tarsi as 4-16-10-6-5; of middle ones as 31-10-9-8-5; those of posterior

pair as 14-16-9-8-6; wings brownish gray, narrowed at base; last

section of fifth vein nearly four times as long as cross vein; calypters

and halteres yellow, former with black cilia.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) nodatus Loetv

Loew’s Cent., Vol. ii. No. 68, Berl. Ent. Zeit., Vol. vi, 215,

1862; Monog. North American Diptera, Vol. ii, 191, 1864.

Arkansas; New York; Illinois; Missouri; Wisconsin;

Ontario.

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm. Face very narrow, white; front brown

with a little gray pollen; palpi small, yellow; antennae (Fig. 66)

brown, first joint yellow below or wholly yellow; dorsum of thorax

brownish gray; posterior margin of pleurae yellow; scutellum usually

blue; abdomen metallic black, yellow on sides and venter; hypo-

pygial appendages black, outer lamellae yellowish; coxae, femora and

tibiae yellow; fore tarsi (Fig. 67) yellow, apical joints black; middle

tarsi (Figs. 68 and 69) black from tip of first joint; hind tarsi with

last four joints black; joints of fore tarsi as 4-18-10-8-8; of middle

ones as 45-15-7-5-6; of posterior pair as 20-29-15-11-8; wings nar-

rowed at base, hind margin a little sinuous on basal half; last section

of fourth vein straight, ending in apex of wing, nearly parallel with

third, but third bent back a little so as to approach fourth at tip;

last section of fifth vein as 42, cross vein as 13; calypters yellow with

black tip, its cilia yellow, but appearing blackish in certain lights;

halteres yellow.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) oreas Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zook, Vol. ii, 55, 1899. Cali-

fornia.

Male. Length, 3 mm. Face very narrow, gray pollinose; pro-

boscis and palpi brown; front green; antennas blackish, third joint

large, oval, evenly rounded, arista basal; long, tapering to a point;

thorax and scutellum green, thickly covered with yellow pollen,

especially in front, leaving a median shining vitta; abdomen dull

blackish, sides and venter partly yellow; fore coxas yellow with white

hairs, middle and hind coxas blackish; femora and tibias yellow, apical

half of hind femora and tips of their tibias blackened; fore tibias dis-

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

tinctly swollen; all tarsi black from tip of first joint; first joint of

fore tarsi very short, second and third much longer and subequal,

fourth and fifth subequal and about half as long as third, third and

fourth joints fringed above with long hair; first joint of hind tarsi

distinctly broader and shorter than second; wings much narrowed

at base, somewhat truncate at apex; last section of fourth vein paral-

lel with third on its apical half, ending in or a little before apex of

wing; last section of fifth vein more than three times as long as

cross vein; calypters yellow with brown border and yellow cilia;

halteres yellow.

Sympycnus (Calyxoch^tus) sobrinus Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 54, 1899. Idaho;

California.

Male. Length, 2.5-3 mm. Face rather broad, white; front green;

antennas (Fig. 70) black; thorax greenish, nearly opaque with brown

pollen; scutellum blue; abdomen blackish, sometimes the sides yellow

at base, venter yellowish; hypopygial lamellae very smal, yellowish;

fore coxae yellow with a few yellow hairs and bristles; middle and

hind coxae mostly black; femora and tibiae dark yellow, hind femora

blackish apically; tarsi infuscated from tip of first joint; fore tarsi

(Fig. 71) with their joints as 4-21-13-12-8; middle tarsi (Fig. 72)

with the joints as 45-15-4-6-9; joints of posterior tarsi as 21-26-15-

10-9; wings with anal angle prominent; third and fourth veins nearly

parallel, but bent backward toward their tips; last section of fifth

vein as 44, cross vein as 12; fourth vein ending in the apex of the

wing; calypters, their cilia and the halteres yellow, sometimes the

cilia of the calypters is more brown.

Sympycnus (Calyxochastus) vegetus Wheeler

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. ii, 53, 1899. Idaho;

California; Oregon.

Male. Length, 2. 5-3. 3 mm. Face very narrow, white-pollinose;

front violet; antennas (Fig. 47) black; palpi blackish; thorax dull

green or blackish with coppery reflections; scutellum blue; abdomen

bronze-black with yellow on sides and venter; hypopygial lamellae

small, yellowish brown; coxae, femora and fore and middle tibiae

yellow; tips of hind femora and whole of hind tibiae brown; fore

tibiae and tarsi (Fig. 48); middle tarsi (Fig. 49), black from tip of

first joint; hind tarsi wholly black; joints of fore tarsi as 4-22-17-8-7;

of middle tarsi as 39-15-4-5-6; of posterior pair as 25-27-16-11-8;

wings narrowed at base; third vein greatly bent backward at tip,

parallel with fourth, which ends in apex of wing; last section of fifth

vein as 55, cross vein as 12; calypters, their cilia and the halteres

yellow.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 19.

Fig. 20.

Fig. 21.

Explanation of Plate 1

North American species of Sympycnus

cuprinus Wheeler, an-

tenna of male.

lineatus Loew, antenna

of male.

breviventris n. sp., an-

tenna of male.

breviventris, fore tarsus

of male.

breviventris, hypopygium

of male.

thoracicus n. sp., hypo-

pygium of male.

clavatus V. D., antenna

of male.

clavatus, fore tarsus of

male.

Isevigatus n. sp., antenna

of male.

lasvigatus, fore tarsus of

male.

inasqualis n. sp., antenna

of male.

insequalis, hypopygium of

male.

caudatus V. D., antenna

of male.

caudatus, fore tarsus of

male.

latitarsis n. sp., antenna

of male.

latitarsis, fore tarsus of

male (top view).

latitarsis, fore tarsus of

male (side view).

pulvillus n. sp., antenna

of male.

pulvillus, fore tarsus of

male.

pulvillus, hypopygium of

male.

tripilus n. sp., antenna of

male.

Fig. 22. tripilus, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 23. calcaratus n. sp., antenna

of male.

Fig. 24. calcaratus, hind tarsus of

male.

Fig. 25. calcaratus, hypopygium

of male.

Fig. 26. setosus n. sp., antenna of

male.

Fig. 27. setosus, hind tarsus of

male.

Fig. 28. globulicauda n. sp., an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 29. globulicauda, hind tarsus

of male.

Fig. 30. globulicauda, hypopy-

gium of male.

Fig. 31. fasciventris V. D., an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 32. fasciventris, hind tarsi of

male.

Fig. 33. mercedus Wheeler, an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 34. mercedus Wheeler, fore

tarsus of male.

Fig. 35. mercedus, hind tarsus of

male (side view).

Fig. 36. mercedus, hind tarsus of

male (top view).

Fig. 37. pugil Wheeler, fore tar-

sus of male.

Fig. 38. pugil, mid tarsus of male.

Fig. 39. pugil, hind tarsus of male.

Fig. 40. aldrichi n, sp., antenna

of male.

Fig. 41. aldrichi, hind tarsus of

male.

Fig. 42. montanus n. sp., mid tar-

sus of male.

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE — GENUS SYMPYCNUS

M. C. Van Duzee, Plate I

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Explanation of Plate 2

North American species of Sympycnus, subgenus Calyxochaetus

Fig. 43. fortunatus Wheeler, an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 44, fortunatus, fore tibise and

tarsus of male.

Fig. 45. fortunatus, mid tarsus of

male (top view).

Fig. 46. fortunatus, last four

joints of mid tarsus

(bottom view).

Fig. 47. vegetus Wheeler, an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 48. vegetus, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 49. vegetus, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 50. frontalis Loew, antenna

of male.

Fig. 51. frontalis, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 52. frontalis, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 53. distortus n. sp., antenna

of male.

Fig. 54. distortus, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 55. distortus, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 56. cilifemoratus V. D., an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 57. cilifemoratus, fore tarsus

of male.

Fig. 58, cilifemoratus, mid tarsus

of male.

Fig. 59. luteipes V. D., antenna

of male.

Fig. 60. luteipes, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 61. luteipes, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 62. clavicornis n. sp., antenna

of male.

Fig. 63. clavicornis, fore tarsus

of male.

Fig. 64. clavicornis, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 65. clavicornis, hypopygium

male.

Fig. 66. nodatus Loew, antenna

of male.

Fig. 67. nodatus, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 68. nodatus, mid tarsus of

male (top view).

Fig. 69. nodatus, mid tarsus of

male (side view).

Fig. 70. sobrinus Wheeler, an-

tenna of male.

Fig. 71. sobrinus, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 72. sobrinus, mid tarsus of

male.

Fig. 73. hastatus n. sp., antenna

of male.

Fig. 74. hastatus, fore tarsus of

male.

Fig. 75. hastatus n. sp., mid tar-

sus of male.

Fig. 76. Sympycnus canadensis

V. D., hypopygium of

male.

OCTOBER, 1930] VAN DUZEE GENUS SYMPYCNUS

M. C. Van Duzee, Plate II

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

A NEW BEDUNIA (HEMIPTERA)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

From Professor Roland Thaxter I have recently received

for study three interesting exotic Hemiptera, one of which

proves to be undescribed. The other two are Microvelia albo-

lineolata Bueno, taken at the type locality. Fort De Kock,

Sumatra, and Melanolestes argentinus Berg, from Santa Cata-

lina, Llavallol, Argentina. The latter does not entirely answer to

Berg’s description, so the determination is in some doubt. The

Lygaeid is :

Bedunia adusta Van Duzee, n. sp.

Near segmentata, but apparently distinct. Black, posterior

lobe of pronotum, scutellum and elytra marked with pale casta-

neous ; antennae, rostrum and legs honey- yellow. Length, 6 mm.

Head a little longer than pronotum; tylus produced for nearly

half its length before the cheeks. Vertex finely rugosely punctate,

the lateral areas exterior to the arcuate impressed lines minutely

punctate and sparsely dotted with pale hairs. Antennas, Seg. II a

little the longest; I, III and IV subequal. Rostrum reaching on to

first ventral segment. Pronotum a fifth wider at base than long;

anterior lobe a little longer than posterior, finely punctate, collum

fiat, with one row of punctures, area of callosities large, indefinite,

nearly impunctate; posterior lobe and scutellum coarsely punctate;

clavus with four rows of coarse punctures, corium with two rows

of punctures next the suture, one along the radial vein and a few

scattering punctures toward apex. Anterior femora much incrassate,

with a double row of small teeth on apical half; segment I of hind

tarsi three times as long as II and III together.

Color black, tinged with castaneous on apex of tylus, acetabulas,

'coxas and venter; antennse and legs deep hone3'--yellow or ochrace-

'Ous; antennal segments III and IV slightly darker at base; rostrum

and base of femora paler; posterior lobe of pronotum, collum and

scutellum with a castaneous tinge, the former with a vitta either

side the middle of disk and two basal spots between them, and the

raised arc of the scutellum, paler castaneous; tip of scutellum, basal

half of costa, a spot before its apex and two obscure discal vittas,

the inner short, ochraceous; membrane short, paler at base, attaining

sixth tergite; tip of rostrum black.

Holotype, male, and allotype, female, taken at Wai-Ai,

Solomon Islands, received from Dr. Roland Thaxter under the

number 2959. On the female the pale markings are more

obscure (Holotype, No. 2975, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

OCTOBER, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN — CHILOPODS

ON SOME CHILOPODS IMMIGRANT AT HAWAII

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah, Salt Lake City

The present paper records fifteen species of chilopods taken

chiefly from plants or the soil about them in baggage and cargo

of ships arriving at Hawaii. These were submitted to me for

identification by the Plant Quarantine and Control Adminis-

tration of the United States Department of Agriculture. Most

were taken during the year 1928.

The types of the five species described as new are in the

writer’s collection.

S COLO PENDROM ORPH A

1. Paracryptops weberi Pocock

A single specimen of this unusual species was taken in soil

from Singapore, Straits Settlement, at Honolulu on March 10,

1930.

2. Cr 3 rptops navis Chamberlin, new species

Head overlapped by first dorsal plate; without sulci. Antennae

in holotype consisting of fifteen (right) and seventeen (left) articles.

First dorsal plate without transverse or longitudinal sulci. Pre-

hensors with claws of normal length; anterior margin of prosternum

smooth, slightly convex on each side of the median indentation.

Paired dorsal sulci present from the third dorsal plate, inclusive,

caudad.

Last ventral plate with caudal margin a little convex, the pos-

terior corners well rounded and the sides diverging cephalad.

Last coxae caudally truncate; pores small, moderate in number,

the porose area lying along the ventral plate the end of which it

reaches, but failing to reach the caudal margin of coxae and dorsal

plate by a wide area; caudal margin of coxae setose and one or two

setae just cephalad of margin.

Anterior spiracles rather large, elliptic.

Femur and tibia of anal legs subseriately and subdensely setose

ventrally and mesally, the setae passing into finer, ordinary hairs on

outer surface. Metatarsus with a series of five teeth; first tarsal

joint with a series of four teeth which decrease in size distad.

Length, ad 10 mm.

Locality. One specimen intercepted at Honolulu, Hawaii,

March 10, 1930, in soil from Singapore, Straits Settlement.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

3. Newportia sp.

A specimen of a species of this genus was taken at Hawaii

in 1928 in soil about plants in the cargo of a vessel from

Panama. The anal legs are missing, making specific determi-

nation impossible.

4. Otostigmus sinicolens Chamberlin, new species

Body above dark brownish green, with head and first tergite

abruptly light ochre yellow. Antennae yellowish proximally, darker

distally. Legs greenish, the anal pair with a light ring near distal

end of fourth and fifth joint and with the distal half of the sixth

and all of the seventh joint also pale.

Head smooth, without conspicuous sulci or punctae. Antennae

composed of twenty articles of which only the first two are glabrous,

the third being entirely clothed similarly to the more distal ones.

Paired sulci distinct and complete from the sixth tergite caudad.

Tergites laterad of sulci finely rugose and punctate, the roughening

strong on caudal plates. Between the paired sulci of median and

posterior plates three secondary sulci separating off low longitudinal

ridges, these being less clearly defined in the anterior region.

Laterad of the paired sulci in posterior region several weakly devel-

oped longitudinal ridges also indicated.

Last dorsal plate with a deep, elongate pit on the median line

just in front of the caudal margin.

Prosternum with 5 + 5 teeth of which the mesal one on each

side is partly divided. The basal process of femur with three tuber-

cles or teeth on its mesal apical slope.

Last ventral plate strongly narrowed caudad, the caudal margin

mesally concave. Other ventral plates excepting the most anterior

showing paired sulci over anterior border, but these in no case com-

plete though on some of the posterior sternites continued in weak

longitudinal furrows that may simulate sulci.

Two tarsal spines on about the first eight pairs of legs, on all

others single excepting on the twentieth and twenty-first from which

absent.

Process of anal coxae (pseudopleurae) pronounced, densely porose

as usual excepting in a longitudinal ventral stripe which extends

from caudal end of process nearly to corner of last sternite; process

ending in three spines, with one spine on dorsal side a little proxi-

mad of apical group and two spines on the dorso-lateral margin near

base of process.

Femur of anal legs with a ventral row of four teeth; on ectal

side with three oblique rows, 2, 4, 1, and a dorsal longitudinal series

of four teeth of which one is at the distal end of joint and is a little

longer than the others.

Length, 42 mm.

OCTOBER, 1930] CHAMBERLIN — CHILOPODS

Locality. The holotype was taken at Hawaii on specimens

of Eleocharis tuherosa, imported from China in 1928.

5. Otostigmus mians Chamberlin, new species

Dorsum and legs greenish yellow, excepting the last two tergites

which are abruptly lighter, more yellow; the head and antennae a

darker green.

Head smooth. Antennae consisting of nineteen articles of which

the first two are wholly glabrous and the third likewise glabrous

excepting over distal third above.

Prosternum with teeth 2 + 2, each tooth, however, being partly

divided, the ectal one having a denticle on its outer side at base and

the inner one being partly divided at end with inner denticle the

smaller.

Paired sulci beginning on fifth tergite.

Last tergite without median sulcus or pit. All tergites smooth

and shining.

No complete paired sulci on any of the sternites, sulci being indi-

cated only across anterior borders of some plates. Last ventral plate

narrowed caudad, its caudal margin mesally incurved.

Two tarsal spines on the first eight pairs of legs; others, except-

ing the last two pairs, with one tarsal spine.

Pseudopleural processes elongate, bearing two teeth at end and

a third subapical one on outer side and a single dorso-lateral one

toward base. Femur of anal legs with ventral longitudinal row of

four teeth and two mesal rows of three and two teeth; none at distal

end of joint.

Length, 35 mm.

Locality. The holotype taken at Hawaii in 1928 on Dio-

scorea sp. from China. On this specimen one anal leg is in

the initial stage of regeneration. A paratype lacking both anal

legs was taken, also on Dioscorea, in a different lot of speci-

mens during the same year.

6. ScoLOPENDRA SUBSPINIPES Leach

One specimen of this oriental species was taken on Pachy-

rhizus sp. from China in 1928.

Geophilomorpha

7. Mecistocephalus maxillaris Gervais

Several specimens of this species, carried widely by ships

in tropical regions, were taken at Hawaii in 1928 in soil about

plants from Panama.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Lithobiomorpha

8. Lamyctinus cceculus Brolemann

Several specimens of this now tropicopolitan form were

taken in soil about plants from Tahiti on two dates in 1928.

9. Lamyctes species

A specimen of uncertain species was taken in 1928 in soil

about plants in baggage from Japan.

10. Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert

Taken at Hawaii April 22, 1929, in soil about plants from

Los Angeles, California.

11. Oabius pylorus Chamberlin

A specimen was taken April 2, 1929, in soil about chives

from San Francisco, California.

12. Lithobius borealis Meinert

Taken November 6, 1929, in packing of orchids from

England.

13. Lithobius species

Specimens too young for identification were taken in 1927

and 1928 in soil about plants from China.

14. Nipponobius sinensis Chamberlin, new species

Head and dorsum yellow, the head lighter in front of the frontal

suture; posterior legs also yellow proximally but distad of third

article lighter, whitish; the other legs light yellow. Antennae con-

colorous with head, the color brighter distally.

Antennae short, distally attenuated, the twenty articles of moder-

ate length.

Ocelli small, few, in a narrowly linear patch, in two series to

be interpreted as 1 4- 2, 2, with the lower series in advance of the

upper, or as 1 -[- 3, 1.

Prosternal teeth small and pale, well separated, 2 + 2.

Coxal pores small, circular, 1, 2, 2, 2.

All posterior coxae wholly unarmed. Ventral spines of first legs

0, 0, 0, 0, 1. Penult legs with ventral spines 0, 1, 2, 1, 0; dorsal

spines 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, the claw double. Anal legs with ventral spines

also 0, 1, 2, 1, 0; dorsal spines 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, the claw single.

The anal legs of male with fifth article a little swollen, with a

shallow longitudinal dorsal sulcus and a dorsal crest at distal end

resembling that in males of Nadabius.

Length, 7 mm.

OCTOBER, 1930]

CHAMBERLIN — CHILOPODS

Locality. The types, two adult males, were taken at

Hawaii in 1928 on Lillium species imported from China.

This is the second species to become known in the genus

which was established for a species (N. migrans Chamberlin)

the types of which were taken at Philadelphia, similarly on

lily bulbs, from Saitama, Japan. The present form is sepa-

rated chiefly because of its larger size (7 mm. as against

5 mm.) and the fewer ocelli (1 + 3, 1 as against 1 + 3, 3.)

15. Bothropolys migrans Chamberlin, new species

Lateral margins of head smoothly continuous, not broken at level

of posterior suture. Antennae of moderate length.

Ocelli numerous, typically in four series; e. g., 1 -f- 6, 5, 4, 2.

Prosternal teeth typically 5 4- 5 or 6 -|- 6, small and subequal,

the outer end of dental line extending farther cephalad than the

mesal end. Special ectal spine setiform.

Posterior angles of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates

strongly produced, those of the seventh more weakly but distinctly

produced, and those of the sixth weakly or sometimes not at all

produced. Dorsal plates moderately rugose.

Anal legs with the claw single; ventral spines, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal

spines, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0. Penult legs also with claw single; ventral spines,

0, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 1,

3, 2, to 0, 0, 1, 3, 1. Last four coxae dorsally armed, the last two

laterally armed; anal coxae ventrally armed and in one specimen

one penult coxa is also ventrally armed with a small spine.

Claw of female gonopods tripartite, the lobes acute; basal spines,

2 + 2 .

Length, 11-14 mm.

Locality. The four type specimens were taken at Hawaii

in 1928 on plants of the genus Dioscorea from China.

United States Bureau of Entomology

The Brookings Institution has published as No. 60 of its

Service Monographs of the United States Government, a very

complete account of the history, activities and organization of

the Bureau of Entomology, by G. A. Weber, a book that will

be appreciated by all whose interests bring them into contact

with the activities of that department of the Government. In

addition to an interesting historical sketch the book includes a

list of the various divisions and field stations with an outline

of the staff of each and the salaries paid. It will prove a useful

reference book for all working entomologists. — E. P. Van

Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

TWO NEW COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS FROM

ARIZONA

BY J. 0. MARTIN

California Academy of Sciences

Genus Euryptera

The genus Euryptera is distinctly American, ranging from

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through Central America, to as far

north in the United States as Massachusetts. Up to the present

there are twenty-six described species, of which four are

recorded from the United States, the greatest development of

the genus being in northern South America and Central

America. A table to nineteen of the species, based on color

alone, is offered by R. P. Belou in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLI,

p. 339, 1897. An examination of the original descriptions of

all the described species has convinced me that the species

described below is new.

Euryptera cruenta Martin n. sp.

Form elongate, widest just before apex of elytra. Head black

except at apex of clypeus and mouth parts which are testaceous,

variously clouded with black; irregularly punctured and with semi-

erect black hairs except a triangular space at base of clypeus which

is impunctate. Behind the antennal insertion is a deep transverse

depression which is more pronounced in this species, because of the

greater development of the antennal process, than in any of our

other native species. Antennae black, extending to beyond the middle

of elytra, Pronotum campanulate wider at base than long, dull

sanguineous, closely punctate, with red depressed fine hairs. Scu-

tellum black, closely punctate, with depressed black hairs. Elytra

wider than pronotum, just behind the base, and gradually widening

to just before the apices which are separately rounded, with a dis-

tinct obtuse angle at outer side of curve, but lacking any distinct

tooth such as is found at this position in lateralis Oliv. and many of

the more tropical species. Elytra of the same color as the pronotum

and with the same depressed red hairs but with smaller punctures

and with three distinct costas not as pronounced, however, as those

in huachuccB Schffr. Underside of body black, shining, finely punc-

tate, with black hairs which become yellow on the middle and hind

coxae; the first two joints of the abdomen more closely punctate than

the last three. Length, 11 mm.; width just before apex of elytra,

4 mm.

Euryptera cruenta differs from any of our other native spe-

cies in its color, vestiture, and the shape of the elytral apices.

OCTOBER, 1930] MARTIN NEW ARIZONA COLEOPTERA 71

It is nearest to longipennis Bates, but differs from that species

in the color of the thorax, in the lack of any constriction of the

sides of the elytra and in the possession of the angulation on

the outer curve of the elytral apex.

Described from a single specimen taken by myself in Carr

Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, while beating oak.

Type, probably a female, No. 2976, in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences.

Genus Ischnocerus

The genus Ischnocerus Schon, until now represented in

our fauna by a single species {infuscatus Fabr.), is more exten-

sively developed in the Mexican region from where the Biologia

Centrali Americana lists no less than seven species. In Jordan’s

table ^ to these species the one described below runs directly to

infuscatus, but is markedly different from that species.

Ischnocerus angulata Martin, n. sp.

Body piceous black, shining. Head and beak coarsely punctate;

eyes oval and slightly more than one-half wider than long, distant

from base of antenna by more than their major axis; front and beak

to base of antennae covered by chalky white recumbent hairs, a black

spot extending from apex of thorax nearly to the eyes; antennae

ferruginous, except club which is black; male antennae barely reach-

ing to end of body when beak is vertical, those of the female extend-

ing to basal third of elytra. Thorax closely, coarsely, rugosely,

punctate; disk with three longitudinal ridges, one, median, is sepa-

rated from the lateral ones by a broad shallow sulcus; the space

subtended by the summits of the lateral ridges and extending from

base to apex in a shield-shaped design is covered in varying degrees

of thickness by recumbent, chalky-white hairs. The remainder of

the prothorax is covered with ferruginous, black and a few white

hairs which present no regular pattern. Antebasal carina continuous

throughout, extended backward at middle in a broad, nearly ninety

degree, rounded angle which extends more than half the distance

to base of elytra; behind this angular extension is another patch of

white hairs extending to base of thorax. The portion of the pro-

thorax behind the antebasal is rugose and shows no trace of a sub-

basal Carina.

Elytra punctate-striate, the punctures coarse and shallow, shining,

distinctly showing through the vestiture, which is recumbent. Vesti-

ture of the sutural interspaces black with a mixture of white hairs.

The remainder of the elytral vestiture is ferruginous, mixed with

1 Biologia Centrali Americana-, Vol. IV, pt. 6, p. 305, 1906.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

white except for the third, fifth, seventh and ninth interspaces, which

have a larger intermixture of black hairs. The third and fifth inter-

spaces are decorated with irregular tufts of elevated black hairs

roughly in pairs and more numerous behind the middle. In the post-

scutellar region the surface is elevated and has two black tufts.

Pygidium densely covered with chalky-white recumbent hairs.

Underside of body coarsely widely punctate, thinly covered with

white hairs which are more thickly placed laterally.

Legs ferruginous with a piceous band at middle of femora and

behind the middle of tibiae, darker at the joints. Thinly clothed with

white and black hairs. Length, 9 mm.; width, 3 mm.

The above species may at onee be recognized by the large

angulate backward extension of the antebasal carina on the tho-

rax. It differs from infuscatus by its smaller size, shorter male

antennae and more numerous elytral tufts of erect hairs, and by

the more pronounced whiteness of the front and thoracic areas.

Described from two male and four female specimens taken

by myself near Patagonia, Arizona, July 9, 1930, on the dead

branches of a large willow tree; also three females taken by

Mr. E. Gorton Linsley at the same time and under the same

conditions.

Holotype, a male, and allotype, female. Nos. 2977, 2978,

respectively, in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences.

Paratypes in the above collection and that of Mr. E. Gorton

Linsley.

The Norman R. Gunn Collection of Butterflies

Mrs. Joseph Gunn has presented to the California Academy

of Sciences the collection of butterflies gotten together by her

son, Norman R. Gunn, whose untimely death was noticed in the

last number of this journal. There are 3300 specimens in this

collection, a part of which are in papers and a part are spread

for placement in Riker mounts. This makes a valuable addi-

tion to the Academy collection, including as it does a number

of local races but poorly represented in the Academy series. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

A Correction

Prof. Scullen has called my attention to an error on page 47

of Vol. VI of this journal (July 1929), where the reference

for Odynerus margaretellus Rohwer should have read (Proc.

U. S. Nat’l. Mus., XLIX, 242, 1915).— Editor.

OCTOBER, 1930 ] FALL NEW CALIFORNIA BEETLES

A NEW APHODIUS AND A NEW GENUS AND

SPECIES OF BUPRESTID^ FROM

CALIFORNIA

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

Aphodius davisi Fall, n. sp.

Small, oblong, moderately convex. Head piceous with paler

margins; prothorax piceous, the lateral margins diffusely dull rufous;

elytra yellow, checkered with subquadriform black spots; femora

yellow, tibise and tarsi brownish; upper surface throughout polished

and strongly shining.

Head anteriorly coarsely punctato-rugulose, closely punctate but

smoother behind the frontal suture, which is perceptibly tritubercu-

late; clypeal emargination distinct, limited each side by sharply

defined subdentiform angulations which are not sinuate externally;

gense moderately prominent, rounded.

Prothorax three-tenths wider than long, only slightly narrower

in front, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles well defined, somewhat

obtuse; base arcuate, just perceptibly sinuate each side of the middle,

marginal line very fine; disk sparsely finely punctate with still

sparser intermixed much coarser punctures which, however, are

somewhat more numerous at sides.

Elytra not quite as wide at base as prothorax, slightly widened

posteriorly; strise finely rather closely punctate; intervals nearly flat,

finely sparsely punctate. The markings consist of three longitudinal

series of alternating irregularly quadrate spots, each spot occupying

the width of two interspaces. The first series is made up of three

spots on intervals 2 and 3, the first spot subbasal; the next series of

three on intervals 4 and 5 with first spot basal; the third series on

intervals 6 and 7 has but two spots, these connected externally by a

line on the eighth interval, which may extend forward to the humeral

umbo and externally nearly to the margin.

Mesosternum not carinate between the coxae; metasternum

smooth and sparsely punctate medially, alutaceous and with coarser

punctures at sides; abdomen alutaceous with a few fine punctures.

Anterior tibiae tridentate, crenulate above, smooth in front; hind

tibiae fringed at apex with unequal spinules; basal joint of hind

tarsus not quite as long as the next three.

Length, 3.2 to 3.7 mm.; width, 1.55 to 1.9 mm.

Irvine Park, Orange County, California.

Described from ten examples sent me by Mr. A. C. Davis

of Santa Ana, California, who with associates took them from

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

the nests of wood rats (Neotoma). The type is one of the

smaller examples and is probably a male, although I observe

no positive sexual differences in the series at hand; it bears

date “2-1-30.”

When not darkened by alcohol or otherwise this is a very

pretty little species with its black thorax- and bright yellow

sharply spotted elytra. A slight tendency toward variability in

maculation is observed, which might become more marked in

a longer series.

By Horn’s Monograph davisi runs to serval in Group “I-d.”

It agrees nearly with serval in clypeal outline and sculpture of

the head, and in a general way in coloration; serval, however,

is a larger species, the elytral maculation quite different in

detail, the pronotal punctuation much less disparate, the legs

uniformly reddish brown, the tibial spurs distinctly sexually

modified.

The type and two paratypes have been retained for my own

collection; the remaining paratypes are returned to Mr. Davis,

in whose honor the species is named in recognition of generous

contributions to my cabinet and years of pleasant personal

acquaintance in California.

Hesperorhipis Fall n. gen. (Buprestidse)

Sixty-four years ago (December, 1866), Dr. Leconte

erected the genus Xenorhipis for a unique male specimen of

a small Buprestide having flabellate antennae. It has been stated

by Horn (1882) and later by Kerremans that there is no other

known instance of this type of antennae throughout the entire

family; it will therefore be of more than ordinary interest to

announce that there has come to me recently from California a

unique male of another very small Buprestide having similarly

flabellate antennae. In general makeup this species shows a

close relationship with Xenorhipis, but in several respects is

not strictly congeneric and I would, therefore, suggest for it

the above new generic title. The chief differences are indicated

below in parallel columns and these, combined with certain

characters in the specific description, will constitute a suffi-

ciently distinctive diagnosis of the new genus.

OCTOBER, 1930] FALL NEW CALIFORNIA BEETLES

Xenorhipis

Antennal rami beginning at

the second joint.

Last joint of maxillary palpus

scarcely or feebly narrowed api-

cally, the tip broadly truncate.

Elytra of normal length, the

pygidium alone exposed.

Sides of metasternum with a

large hairy depression or exca-

vation.

Posterior coxal plates broad,

scarcely narrowed externally.

Basal joint of hind tarsus but

little shorter than the remaining

joints taken together.

Hesperorhipis n. gen.

Antennal rami beginning at

the third joint.

Last joint of maxillary palpus

ovate conical, the apex pointed

or at most very narrowly trun-

cate.

Elytra shorter, the last five

dorsal abdominal segments ex-

posed.

Sides of metasternum not at

all excavated or depressed.

Posterior coxal plates triangu-

lar, the hind margin strongly

oblique.

Basal joint of hind tarsus

equal in length to the three fol-

lowing joints and constituting

scarcely more than one- third the

tarsal length.

Hesperorhipis albofasciatuis Fall n. sp.

Very small, head, thorax and elytra of nearly equal width; length

to tip of elytra 2.6 mm., to abdominal apex 3.25 mm., width of elytra

at base barely 1 mm.

Color black, head and thorax with deep blue surface luster; elytra

each with a transverse slightly oblique narrow parallel-sided white

fascia just behind the middle, the two forming a very obtuse angle

at the suture. Before the white fascia the elytra are of a brighter

blue in a triangular area involving the entire width at base, the

sides converging to the suture at the white fascia. Behind the fascia

the elytra are black with barely detectable bronze luster. Body

beneath black, faintly bluish; tibiae and tarsi pallescent.

Antennae ( ^ ) dull testaceous, flabellate, almost precisely as in

Horn’s figure for Xenorhipis (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1882, PI. IV),

except that the rami begin at the third joint.

Head almost as wide as the prothorax, front flatly convex, a

vague longitudinal impression terminating above in a small vertical

fovea; clypeus scarcely margined in front, very feebly so over the

antennae; surface densely, coarsely, shallowly reticulate. Eyes verti-

cal, rather large but only moderately prominent.

Prothorax transversely quadrate, slightly more than one-third

wider than long; sides parallel, a little rounded in front and just

visibly sinuate posteriorly, hind angles sharply rectangular; base

bisinuate; side margins fine, becoming subobsolete: at the front

angles; disk broadly flattened medially and with a slight trace of a

postmedian transverse impression; sculpture same as on the head.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

Elytra very little wider than the thorax, seven-tenths longer

than wide, feebly narrowed posteriorly; not very densely but rather

roughly asperately punctate except in the white fascia, which is

straight, perceptibly impressed, extends slightly forward from the

suture to the side margin, and is without visible sculpture.

Body beneath closely punctate; prosternum vaguely impressed

medially, intercoxal process as in Xenorhipts, long, gradually nar-

rowed, apex acute, sides not at all angulate. Ventral segments

throughout coarsely punctate, last segment deeply roundly emargi-

nate. Tarsi as in Xemrhipis, the third and fourth joints with short

membranous lobes; claws nearly simple, a feeble obtuse subbasal

angulation.

The unique representative of this remarkable little species

was beaten from mistletoe at Fort Tejon, California, VIII-3-30,

by Mr. A. C. Davis, and was one of a box full of miscellaneous

things sent me for identification. Mr. Davis writes me that he

made strenuous efforts to obtain further specimens, but with-

out success. The type remains in my collection.

Argyresthias Found in Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco

There are four species of these small golden or silvery

moths found in this locality, and their differences may be

summed up in the following synopsis.

A. Argyresthia pilatella Braun. Adult with 7-9 mm. wing

expanse, dull silvery or grayish, a dark mark on the middle

of the hind margin of the forewings ; larva reddish, mining

needles of Pinus radiata Don. from base; pupa in rough

cocoon spun in contact with a needle or other substance.

B. Argyresthia cupressella Wlshm. Adult with 7-9 mm.

expanse, wings golden, head tuft white ; larva yellow

green, ochreous head, mining in tips of twigs of Cupressus

macrocar pa Hartw. ; pupa in rough cocoon spun in con-

tact with two or more surfaces (among twigs).

C. Argyresthia trifascice Braun. Adult with 6-8 mm. expanse,

wings golden, head tuft brown; larva deep green, black

head, pupa in smooth cocoon spun on one surface only

(Larvae collected from C. macrocar pa twigs).

D. Argyresthia franciscella Busck. Adult with 8-9.5 mm.

expanse, wings dull golden, almost smoky, and crossed by

about three blackish lines, head tuft whitish ; larva sordid

brownish and found within terminal “cell” made of twigs of

C. macrocarpa ; pupa inside cell, no cocoon. — H. H. Keifer.

OCTOBER, 1930] LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

NEW POGONOCHERUS AND ECYRUS (COLEOP-

TERA, CERAMBYCID^) WITH NOTES

CONCERNING OTHERS

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

Oakland, California

The Pogonocherus and Ecyrus are the most closely related

genera of the Pogonocherini, and are classified by Leconte and

Horn as the subtribe Pogonocheri. As there has been no major

paper on Ecyrus in recent years, and since the last papers on

Pogonocherus were in 1909,^ 1910,^ and 1913,^ it seems advis-

able to bring these genera up to date in regard to recently

acquired knowledge and the addition of new species. Appre-

ciation is expressed to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of the University

of California for the loan of certain species discussed in this

paper, and for reading the manuscript and offering many help-

ful suggestions. For the two excellent drawings, I am indebted

to Mrs. Frieda Abernathy of Berkeley, California.

Pogonocherus Latr.

The members of this genus are separated from all the other

genera which have heretofore been included in the tribe Pogo-

nocherini, by the long flying hairs of the antennas, legs, and

body, and the presence of lateral tubercles on the prothorax.

The species are nocturnal and are usually restricted to certain

types of food plant. The adults are found, usually in the shade,

on dead and dying twigs. Storm-broken branches and wind-

falls are especially attractive to them. The majority of the spe-

cies are North American, although the genus is well represented

in both Europe and Asia. The recent European writers have

divided Pogonocherus into two groups, those species having

truncate-emarginate elytral apices, and those having rotundate-

truncate elytral apices. This classification can be conveniently

followed in regard to the North American species, and is more

nearly phylogenetically correct than the grouping used by Horn,

Schaeffer, Fall, and Casey. L. M. Planet ^ places the species

1 Schaeffer, C. W. Four New Cerambycidae, Journal New York Ent.

Soc., XVIII, 1909, pp. 99-103.

2 Fall, H. C. New Species of Pogonocherus, Ent. News, XXI, 1910,

pp. 5-9.

3 Casey, T. L. Memoirs of the Coleoptera, IV, 1913; Longicornia,

pp. 345-349.

4 Planet, L. M. Hist. Nat. des Longicornes de France, Paris, 1924,

pp. 280-289.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

with emarginate-truncate apices in Pogonocherus (s. str.) and

those with truncate or rotundate-truncate apices in the sub-

genus Pityphilus Muls. The use of subgenera for these two

groups seems a trifle extreme, but the division is a convenient

one to follow in forming a key, and is the method used in this

paper. Leng, in his Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America

North of Mexico, lists nineteen species of Pogonocherus (using

the genus in its broadest sense), but upon close examination,

there appears to be not more than fourteen known forms,

including the one described in this paper, that are worthy of

specific rank. The following table will separate the species :

Key to the North American Species of Pogonocherus

Elytral apices emarginate-truncate {Pogonocherus s. str.) 1

Elytral apices truncate or rotundate-truncate, but not emarginate

{Pityphilus) 6

1. Elytra with tufted subbasal tubercle; lateral tubercle of pro-

thorax obtuse or blunt at apex 2

Elytra without subbasal tubercle; lateral tubercle of prothorax

acute at apex 3

2. Elytral apices distinctly spiniform, pubescence gray, flying

hairs long. 6-10 mm. Northern California.... (1) crinitus Lee.

Elytral apices not spiniform, pubescence grayish brown, elytra

with an oblique antemedian pale marking. 5.5-9 mm.

California (2) propinquus Fall

3. Elytra with two or more postmedian subsutural tufts of erect

black setee. 6 mm. Southern Arizona.... (3) arizorairuj Schffr.

Elytra without tufts of setae 4

4. Elytra subcostate, antennal scape stout. 5. 5-7. 5 mm. Colo-

rado, New Mexico,, Arizona (4) pictus Fall

Elytra without costae, antennal scape less stout 5

5. Prothorax about as wide as long; outer angle of elytral apices

bluntly dentate; body with numerous suberect long hairs.

4.5-6. 5 mm. Central and eastern North America

(5) mixfus Hald.

Prothorax fully one-half wider than long, outer angle acutely

dentate; suberect hairs short or missing. 4.5-6 mm.

Atlantic Coast (6) salicicola Csy.

6. Lateral tubercles of prothorax obtuse or blunt at apex 7

Lateral tubercles of prothorax acute at apex 14

7. Elytra distinctly tricostate 8

Discal costse of elytra indistinct or evanescent at base; lateral

costae more or less evident

OCTOBER, 1930] LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

8. Elytra with a short extra humeral carina between lateral and

median costae; eyes with large callosities above; elytra

two-thirds as wide as long. 8 mm. Southern Texas

(7) vandykei n. sp.

Elytra without extra humeral carina; eyes lacking callosities;

elytra only half as wide as long. 6-11 mm. Southern

California (8) pilatei Van D.

9. Prothorax with small shining tubercle on basal half of median

line; elytra with large postmedian white spot, subsutural

costae with tufts of erect black setae. 4.5-6 mm. Alaska,

Canada, and eastern United States (9) penicillatus Lee.

Prothorax without median tubercle; postmedian elytral white

spot never present 10

10. Elytra with a distinct antemedian yellowish brown V-shaped

area; basal region blackish; lateral pubescence gray, costae

with a few subsutural tufts of short black hair in post-

median area. 6-8.5 mm. Southern Arizona

(10) negundo Schffr.

Elytra lacking yellowish patch; either uniformly gray, gray

and black, or with a distinct postmedian black band 11

11. Elytra with a distinct postmedian black band 12

Elytra more or less uniforml}" gray, black markings when

present either vague, basal, or sutural 13

12. Postmedian black band broad at suture; discal tubercles of

prothorax indistinct. 6-8.5 mm. California, Oregon,

Idaho, and Colorado (11) oregonus Lee.

Postmedian black band narrowed at suture; discal tubercles

of prothorax prominent. 6-9.5 mm. California

(12) calif ornicus Schffr.

13. Body generally clothed with a uniform gray pubescence, some-

times with a vague postmedian black bar, or with a

velvety black V-shaped postscutellar patch extending

backwards as a sutural vitta which generally dilates into

a more or less triangular area in apical region; series of

small black tufts of hair on elytra often present but never

forming four series. 6.8 mm. Central California

(12a) californicus concotor Schffr.

Body clothed with blackish and ashy-gray hairs, the latter

predominating, especially in the antemedian discal elytral

area, the elytra also with four series of small black tufts of

short hairs, the inner series close to the suture. 7-9 mm.

Northern Arizona (13) obscurus Fall

14. Antennal scape long, slender, attaining lateral thoracic tuber-

cle; body clothed with, a dense pale brown pubescence,

elytral apices, sides, and basal area darker brown; median

elytral area gray; flying hairs long. 5-8 mm. Lower

California (14) volitans Lee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

(1) POGONOCHERUS CRINITUS Lee.

This is one of the largest and most distinct Pogonocherus.

It is more closely related to certain European species, espe-

cially perroudi Muls, than to any North American form. It is

of a general gray color with very long flying hairs on antennae,

legs, and body, and is easily separated from the other members

of the genus by the acute apical spine of the elytra and the

prominently crested subbasal tubercles. It is found throughout

the coastal mountain ranges of California from Monterey

County to Mendocino County, and is recorded in literature

from Vancouver Island, B. C. Host plant, Quercus agrifolia

Nee.

(2) Pogonocherus propinquus Fall

Although some\(rhat resembling penicillatus Lee., this spe-

cies is separated by the emarginate clytral apices and the

obliquely set elytral pale markings. Although described from

southern California, it is more commonly found in the northern

and eastern portions of the state. Its range is continuous from

the mountains of Oregon and northern California, through the

Sierra Nevadas, to the San Bernardino Mountains on the south.

It is normally taken at high altitudes on the western yellow

pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws.

(3) Pogonocherus arizonicus Schffr.

This species is closely allied to P. mixtus Hald. and P. pictus

Fall. It differs from them in having two or more postmedian

tufts of erect black setae on the subsutural costae of the elytra.

Mr. Schaeffer, in his original description of the species, states

that there are three such tufts. A specimen collected by the

writer in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (type locality),

has only two tufts of setae, although it agrees with description

in all other respects. Neither mixtus nor pictus have tufts of

setae and are therefore easily separated from arizonicus. The

last differs from penicillatus , the only other species with such

conspicuous tufts, in having emarginate elytral apices and in

entirely lacking subbasal elytral tubercles. Habitat, the moun-

tainous regions of southern Arizona, probably on pine.

(4) Pogonocherus pictus Fall

In this species the elytral apices vary greatly as to trunca-

tion and dentation. Colonel Casey in his description of emargi-

OCTOBER, 1930] LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

natus (later stated by its author to be a synonym of pictus),

speaks of the elytral apices as narrowly and deeply sinuate, and

the sutural tooth as longer than the lateral tooth, which he

describes as sharply marked but not prolonged. Certain speci-

mens before me from Long’s Peak Inn, Colorado (Van Dyke

collection), lack the lateral tooth entirely, while others in the

same series agree with Colonel Casey’s specimen. A specimen

from the Catalina Mountains, Arizona, is at the other extreme,

with a well-defined lateral tooth and a poorly developed sutural

tooth. The general color pattern of pictus is similar to mixtus

Hald from which it may be separated by its larger size, sub-

costate elytra, and stout antennal scape. It is typically a Rocky

Mountain species, ranging from Montana and Colorado, down

into Arizona and New Mexico. P. fastigiatus Csy. is merely

a variation of pictus Fall.

(5) PoGONOCHERUS MIXTUS Hald.

This is one of our smallest species. The prothorax is about

as wide as long, color black to piceous, with large pale elytral

markings. The punctuation of the prothorax and elytra is very

variable. The species is widely spread throughout eastern and

northern North America on both coniferous and broad-leaved

trees. P. parvulus Lee. is merely a small form of mixtus.

P. simplex Lee. was placed by Fall, after a critical examina-

tion of the type, as a synonym of mixtus. This fact seems to

have been overlooked by Casey, although the latter’s paper was

published three years later than Fall’s. Leng, in his Catalogue

of the Coleoptera, followed the latest writer and included

simplex in his list. The species should, however, remain as a

synonym of mixtus Hald.

6. PoGONOCHERUs SALicicoLA Casey

(F. salicola Casey®)

The size, color pattern, and superficial appearance of this

species is very similar to mixtus Hald., although the wide pro-

5 When Casey first described this species in 1913, he had in mind the

fact that it is found on S a 1 i x , but the name given to it, salicola,

unfortunately gives a meaning very different from that intended by its

author. Five years after Casey’s description, Mr. F. J. A. Morris, in the

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 50, p. 41, pointed out the error in the Latin

stem of the word. Soon after the publication of Mr. Morris’ article,

Casey, in Vol. 8 of his Memoirs of the Coleoptera (p. 415, 1918), changed

the name to salicicola, stating that the original spelling was a mis-

print. Under the rules of nomenclature, salicicola will be valid.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

thorax, the acute apical denticles of the elytra, and the scarcity

of erect black hairs on the body, easily separate it. It is found

throughout the Atlantic States on willow, Salix.

(7) Pogonocherus vandykei Linsley, n. sp.

Robust subcylindrical, piceous, clothed with a rather sparse, short,

gray and brown pubescence, with a few longer, scattered flying hairs,

on antennae, legs and entire upper surface. Head broad, distinctly

quadrangular when viewed from the front, longitudinally sulcate

between the antennae; eyes reniform, lower portion subtriangular,

with large callosities above. Antennae, annulate, longer than body;

scape stout. Prothorax, wider than long, about two-thirds as wide

as elytra at base; lateral and discal tubercles, large, obtuse. Scu-

tellum, white. Elytra about three-fifths as wide as long, tricostate,

with a short extra humeral carina between median and lateral costae;

subsutural costa elevated near base into a large tubercle, promi-

nently crested with long black hairs, and again in postmedian area

into a ridge of small black tufted tubercles; median costa with a

series of similar but smaller tubercles in same region; apices trun-

cate; general color pattern, grayish brown, with a lunate patch of

gray pubescence extending from humerus to suture at middle, and

margined posteriorly with an irregular black line; also with a row

of yellow hairs along inner two costae in antemedian gray area;

apices gray; subbasal tubercles connected with a narrow black line.

Beneath, clothed with a sparse gray pubescence. Underside of tarsi

padded with soft yellow hairs. Length, 8 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.

Type (No. 2979, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a unique, prob-

ably a female, collected by the writer at Uvalde, Texas, June 13,

1930. I take pleasure in naming this species after Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke, as a slight tribute for many favors.

In this species the elytra are much shorter in proportion to

the total length of the insect, and the subbasal tubercles much

more prominently crested than is the case in any other of the

known forms. The former character gives the species a short

robust appearance that is quite distinctive. The general color

pattern is very similar to that of pilatei or calif ornicus. The

general body proportions, the extrahumeral carina, and the less

rotundate elytral apices, will, however, easily separate it from

either of these two species. It further differs in the large cal-

losities above the eyes, the sparse pubescence, and the presence

of two rows of yellow hairs along inner two costae in the ante-

median gray area of the elytra.

October, 1930] linsley — pogonocherini

(8) PoGONOCHERUS PiLATEi Van Dyke

The average size of this species is greater than the average

size of any other known Pogonocherus. It differs from all

other species in the second group except vandykei in having

distinctly tricostate elytra. The characters given above will

separate it from the latter species. It is found in the foothill

regions of southern California on the peculiar shrub Fremonto-

dendron calif ornicum Torr.

(9) Pogonocherus penicillatus Lee.

This is a grayish-brown species with a large white spot on

each elytron and tufts of erect black setae on the discal elytral

costae. There is also a small shining tubercle on the median

line of the prothorax. It is distributed throughout eastern

United States, Canada, and Alaska. After critically examining

Schaeffer’s description of P. alaskanus as well as many typical

specimens of the species, the only character that I can find to

separate it from penicillatus Lee., is the rounded elytral apices.

However, examination of a series of each of these species

shows this character to be inconstant. Certain specimens from

Fort Yukon and Rampart, Alaska, the same general territory

in which typical alaskanus is found, have definitely truncate

elytral apices, which would classify them as penicillatus and

from which they cannot be separated. Other specimens from

eastern United States have rotundate-truncate apices as found

in alaskanus. With extreme and intermediate phases to be

found in both regions, and since there seems to be no other

character with which to separate these forms, I am convinced

that alaskanus Schffr. is merely a variant of P. penicillatus Lee.

P. carinatus Csy. is an intermediate phase between typical

penicillatus and the form alaskanus. It was described from a

specimen taken in Colorado, the western limit of the range of

penicillatus.

Pogonocherus fasciculatus De Geer

This European species is listed from Greenland in our

literature, but since this locality has remained unverified, I have

not included it in the table. In the key it would run to penicil-

latus, which it superficially resembles but from which it can be

separated by the indistinct subbasal tubercles of the elytra and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

the more acute lateral spines of the prothorax. Five to seven

mm. Europe and Greenland ( ?).

(10) POGONOCHERUS NEGUNDO Schffr.

In this species the elytra have an oblique yellowish-brown

band which extends from the lateral margin in the subhumeral

region to the suture at middle. The basal elytral area is much

darker. The species is closely allied to calif ornicus Schffr. from

which it differs in the general color pattern and the less distinct

longitudinal sulcus between the antennae. It is found on box

elder, Acer negimdo Linn., in the Huachuca Mountains of

southern Arizona.

(11) PoGONOCHERUS OREGONUS LeC.

This species is closely related to calif ornicus Schffr. and

differs from it in having the postmedian black band of the

elytra about as broad at the suture as at the lateral edge. In

addition, the discal prothoracic tubercles are much less distinct.

This is an alpine form, most commonly taken in the high moun-

tains from Tulare County, California, to Mount Hood, Oregon.

Specimens in the Van Dyke collection from British Columbia

and Mount Timpanogos, Utah, show that the distribution con-

tinues up the Pacific Coast and back down the western ranges

of the Rocky Mountains. This species is always taken on the

true firs, Abies.

(12) POGONOCHERUS CALIFORNICUS Schffr.

Typical specimens of this species are characterized by hav-

ing a gray antemedian V-shaped area on the elytra, a saddle-

like postmedian black band narrowed at the suture, and the sub-

basal elytral tubercles crowned with tufts of black hair. It is

usually found in the high mountains of northern and eastern

California on the western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws,

and in Arizona on Pinus edulis Engln. and Pinus jeffreyi

Vasey.®

(12a) POGONOCHERUS CALIFORNICUS CONCOLOR Schffr.

This is a very distinct subspecies of calif ornicus. It is

extremely variable within the subspecies, but is easily separated

from the typical form, which is quite constant as to color. The

6 Webb, J. Lf. Proc. Ent. Coc., Washington, Vol. X, 1908, p. 119.

OCTOBER, 1930 ] LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

form concolor varies from a uniform gray, through a phase

suggestive of typical calif ornicus, but much lighter, to a very

divergent form with velvety black pubescence along the suture.

In addition, typical calif ornicus is a high altitude form taken

on the western yellow pine, whereas concolor is always found

in the dry foothill regions on the Digger pine, Pinus sabiana

Dough

(13) POGONOCHERUS OBSCURUS Fall

This species is very close to calif ornicus Schffr., especially

to its subspecies concolor Schffr. The last differs from Fall’s

description of obscurus in one point only, namely, that obscurus

is stated to have four series of small black tufts of short hairs

on the elytra. In a series of twenty-four specimens of concolor

from Tulare County, California, a number of individuals have

more than one series of such tufts, several have only one series,

and many lack the tufts of hair altogether. In none of the

specimens before me, however, are there four series. Up to

the present time, concolor has only been taken in the Sierra

foothills on Pinus sabiana, but calif ornicus has been taken in

Arizona on Pinus edulis and P. jeffreyi. Fall’s specimens

of obscurus were taken in a region where pine is abundant.

Although I have not seen obscurus, I am inclined to believe

from Fall’s description that when a series of the concolor

variety of calif ornicus is examined with a series of obscurus,

the two may be found to run very near together. Type locality

of obscurus. Bright Angel, Arizona.

(14) PoGONOCHERUS VOLITANS Lec.

The long slender antennal scape of this species easily sepa-

rates it from the other members of the genus, although the color

pattern is somewhat suggestive of negundo Schffr. So distinct

is the antennal scape of this species that its author first placed

it in another genus. All other characters are, however, typi-

cally those of Pogonocherus. Type locality. Cape San Lucas,

Lower California.

Ecyrus Le Conte

The members of this genus are confined to eastern and

southern North America, and differ from Pogonocherus in

having a feebly rounded prothorax without lateral tubercles.

The antennae are clothed along the inner side with flying hairs

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

which may or may not be present on legs and body. There

appear to be only two valid species, including the one described

in this paper, that are found within the United States. A third

species from the West Indies and a questionable form from

Mexico bring the total of recognizable species up to four.

These may be separated as follows :

Key to the North American Species of Ecyrus

Prothorax with two large, laterally compressed, discal tubercles;

elytra with two more or less prominently crested subbasal

tubercles 1

Pro thorax without large discal tubercles; subbasal area of elytra

more or less evenly convex 2

1. Discal tubercles of prothorax prolonged backwards into a dis-

tinct horn, discal area with large quadrangular patch of

white pubescence; elytra and upper surface clothed with

long flying hairs, pubescence brown and white. 5-6.5 mm.

Southern Texas (1) cornutus n. sp.

Discal tubercles of prothorax not prolonged backwards into a

horn, discal area clothed with tawny-brown pile; elytra and

upper surface without flying hairs, pubescence blue gray.

13 mm. West Indies (2) hirtipes Gah.

2. Elytra with three black lines of hair pencils; anterior discal

area of prothorax broadly convex, finely tuberculose.

8-11 mm. Mexico (3) penicillatus Bates

Elytra without definite hair pencils; prothorax more or less

evenly convex. 6.5-11 mm. Atlantic Coast and Gulf States

from Canada to southern Mexico (4) dasycerus Say

(1) Ecyrus cornutus Linsley, n. sp.

(Figs. 1 and 2)

Robust, subcylindrical, color varying from brown to piceous,

clothed with a rather dense, short, closely appressed pile, in addi-

tion to numerous suberect long hairs. Head transversely impressed

between the eyes and longitudinally sulcate between the antennae;

pile brown at base of antennae, white on face and mouth parts.

Antennae annulate, slightly longer than the body in female, distinctly

longer in male; scape stout, second segment about as long as wide,

third about five times as long as second, fourth about one and one-

third as long as third, fifth about one-third as long as fourth, sixth

and following segments diminishing in length toward apex. Pro-

thorax two-thirds as wide as elytra at base, about as wide as long,

without lateral spines, sides slightly arcuate; disk convex, with a

laterally compressed tubercle arising from each side, which is pro-

longed backwards into a distinct horn; discal area clothed with a

short dense white pubescence, supplemented laterally with longer

OCTOBER, 1930]

LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

Fig. 1. Ecyrus cornutus Linsley

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

brownish hairs. Scutellum white. Elytra twice as long as wide,

basal portion of disk somewhat depressed; third interval elevated

near base into an elongate tubercle and again near middle into an

elongate ridge which gradually diminishes toward apices; also a

secondary ridge extending from humerus in an arcuate manner to

almost unite with median ridge at middle; enclosed within this ridge

is a lunate patch of white pubescence extending from third interval

to sutural margin, and a second smaller patch just posterior to sub-

basal tubercles, lateral slope of ridge with two postmedian black

spots. Elytral intervals somewhat flattened, with a scattering of

minute tufted tubercles throughout; apices truncate-emarginate.

Basal area of elytra generally brown; beneath, sides, and elytral

apices, gray. Underside of third tarsal segment clothed with pale-

yellow hairs, the first and second segments clothed with darker,

brownish hairs. Length, 6 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 2980, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and

allotype, female (No. 2981, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and twelve

paratypes in my own collection were taken by the writer at

Brownsville, Texas, June 24 and 25, 1930. All of the speci-

mens were beaten from dead willow branches and show little

variation except in size (5-6.5 mm.).

This attractive insect, taken in the peculiar subtropical

floral region of Brownsville, might at first glance be mistaken

for a Pogonocherus. The absence of lateral tubercles on the

prothorax, however, place it in Ecyrus. It differs from all the

known species of the latter genus, in the elytral sculpturing,

and in being entirely covered with long flying hairs. In all of

the described forms of Ecyrus these hairs are more or less

evident on the legs and antennae, but in no other case are they

found on the upper surface of the body as in cornutus. In the

latter character, which gives the species the appearance of a

Pogonocherus, it differs from Le Conte’s original description

of Ecyrus, but as it seems to be congeneric in all other respects,

I have placed it in this genus. The species shows a relation-

ship to the West Indian, E. hirtipes Gahan, in the presence of

discal prothoracic tubercles, but the shape of these tubercles,

elytral sculpturing, size, and general color pattern, easily sepa-

rate it. E. cormitus is also very distinct from E. dasycerus

Say, differing in the large discal horns of the prothorax, the

prominent subbasal elytral tubercles, and the long flying hairs

covering the entire surface. The average size in my series of

cornutus is 6 mm.

OCTOBER, 1930]

LINSLEY POGONOCHERINI

Fig. 2. Side view of Ecyrus cornutus Linsley

(2) Ecyrus hirtipes Gahan

This species was described from Grenada, West Indies.

The average size, 13 mm., is greater than that of any other

species of the genus. It is of a general bluish gray color, with

flying hairs on antennae, legs, and undersurface. The elytral

costae are more or less distinct throughout, the median one

raised to form a tufted tubercle in subbasal region. The spe-

cies is very distinct and may be further separated by the

characters given in the key.

(3) Ecyrus PENCiLLATUs Bates ^

This species was described by Bates, from Vera Cruz,

Mexico. It is evidently very close to E. dasycerus Say, the

range of which extends well into Mexico. The author states

that the anterior discal area of the prothorax is broadly convex

and finely tuberculose, but this condition is also found in cer-

tain variations of dasycerus. The presence of hair pencils on

the elytra, although sometimes suggested in dasycerus (as in

variety fasciatus Ham.), may be a good character, but until a

series of this species can be critically examined in connection

with a series of dasycerus, the correct standing of this species

cannot be determined. Size, 8-11 mm.

(4) Ecyrus dasycerus Say

This species is commonly found along the Atlantic coast and

in the Gulf states, extending into Mexico. It is very variable,

especially in the southern portion of its range, and many forms

and variations have been named. It ranges in size from 4-11

7 Gahan, C. T. Longicorn Coleop., West India Island, Trans. Ent.

Soc., London, 1895, p. 127.

8 Bates, H. W. Biologia Central! Americana, V, 1880, Longicornia,

p. 137.

90 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

mm., and in color from cinereous in the more typical forms

to silvery white in the variety fasciatus Ham. The flying hairs,

although moderate on antennae, are very short or missing on

legs and body.

(4a) Ecyrus dasycerus fasciatus Hamilton

I have before me a number of specimens of a light-colored

phase of dasycerus from Florida, collected by Mr. J. N. Knull

(Miami), and Mr. W. S. Blatchley (Royal Palm Park), that

agree with Hamilton’s description of fasciatus. The only char-

acter that I can find in them or the description that will sepa-

rate fasciatus from the typical dasycerus is the whiter pubes-

cence. The Other characters mentioned by Hamilton, such as

the three large tufts of coarse black bristles and the different

type of thoracic punctuation may also be found in a series of

the typical dasycerus. After critically examining a long series

of dasycerus as well as a number of probable fasciatus, in con-

nection with Hamilton’s description, I am convinced that the

latter is nothing more than a color variety of E. dasycerus Say. .

(4b) Ecyrus dasycerus texanus Schffr.

Although the description of this variety is rather indefinite,

the author states that it differs from the typical form in the

presence of two postmedian elytral fasciae. Such fasciae are

vaguely seen in f asciatus as a part of the general color scheme.

A series of specimens taken by the writer at Brownsville, Texas

(type locality of both fasciatus and texanus), have these fasciae

indistinctly formed, but in all other respects they agree with

the typical E. dasycerus Say.

(4c) Ecyrus dasycerus arcuatus Gahan®

An examination of the original description of this species

as well as the illustration accompanying it, shows it to be very

close to E. dasycerus, especially the variety texanus Schffr. As

there seem to be no characters to separate it from dasycerus,

except the large white spaces on the elytra, which, as mentioned

above, are seen in certain variations of the latter species, I have

placed it as a variety. Should it later prove to be the same as

the variety texanus, arcuatus would have priority.

9 Gahan, C. T. Longicornia of Mex. and Cent. Am., Trans. Ent. Soc.,

London, 1892, p. 259.

October, 1930] bequaert — polistella

ASHMEAD’S GENUS POLISTELLA

(HYMENOPTERA, VESPID^)

BY J. BEQUAERT

Department of Tropical Medicine y Harvard University

Medical School, Boston, Mass.

In 1904 (Proc. U. S. N. Mus., XXVIII, p. 133), Ashmead

proposed the new generic term, Polistella, for Polistes manil-

lensis H. de Saussure, of the Philippines, giving the following

characters to separate it from Polistes Latreille : “Metathorax

smooth, not transversely striate; abdomen fusiform, subpetio-

late; second cubital cell very small and narrow, along the

cubitus hardly one-third the length of the third, receiving both

recurrent nervures close together; eyes extending to base of

mandibles.” I have long been at a loss to place this genus, since

some of its characters are found in Polistes, while others (such

as the peculiar venation) could hardly be expected in the Polis-

tinae. Ashmead’s figure of his ‘^Polistella manillensis'' (PI. I,

Fig. 1) looks more like one of the Polybiinae, though it is quite

different from any Oriental member of that subfamily known

to me. In the “Revision of the Vespidae of the Belgian Congo”

(1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXIX, p. 255), I was

unable to reach any definite conclusion regarding the status of

Polistella.

During a recent visit to the United States National Museum,

I had the opportunity to examine the material used by Ashmead

to draw up his generic description. I was greatly surprised to

discover that his insect was not one of the Polistinae, nor

in any way related to Polistes, but one of the Neotropical

Polybiinae.

The material comprises two females (or workers), one well

preserved, the other lacking the abdomen, but both of the same

species. They bear no locality labels, but are marked “Col-

lection Fitch,” and one of them has a label in Fitch’s hand-

writing: “Smaller maribaudes, April 15, ’56.” Each pin in

addition carries a small diamond of red paper. In attempting

to trace the origin of these specimens, I was told by Mr. H. S.

Barber that, in Fitch’s original collection, a red piece of paper

placed on a pin seemed to indicate an insect of Neotropical

origin. This supposition is strengthened by the reference to

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 2

“maribaudes,” which is a vernacular name applied in the

Guianas to some of the social wasps. The name is mentioned

by many writers, usually in a corrupted form. In Surinam,

for instance, it becomes “marribu” (Christ, 1791, Naturgesch.

Ins. Bienen, Wespen u. Ameisengeschl., p. 217), “malebonze”

(Fermin, 1769, Description de la Colonie de Surinam, II,

p. 300), “marybons” or “marribons” (M. Houttuyn, 1768,

Linnaeus’ Natuurl. Historic, I, 12, p. 259) ; while in British

Guiana the word “marabunta” is in common use (J. Rodway,

1894, In the Guiana Forest, p. 60).

As a matter of fact, the specimens which Ashmead called

“Polistes manillensis'' are nothing but the common and widely

distributed South American Protopolybia sedida (H. de Saus-

sure). A careful comparison with specimens of the latter fails

to disclose any differences of specific value. Moreover, all the

generic peculiarities of Protopolybia are present, including the

characteristic shape of the postscutellum, the hind margin of

which is angularly produced into the propodeum. It seems

strange that Ashmead should have recognized Polistes nmnil-

lensis in these specimens, since they do not in any way agree

with de Saussure’s description. They are, moreover, much too

small (length, h. -)- th. -)- t. 1 -j- 2 : 4.5 mm. ; spread of wings:

9 mm.) ; for de Saussure’s measurement of length of P. manil-

lensis (8 mm.) includes only the head, thorax and first two

abdominal segments, while he gives 19 mm. as the spread of

the wings.

The question now arises as to what should be done with the

generic name Polistella. At present there is no agreement

among taxonomists as to what is the true genotype when a

generic name has been based upon misidentified specimens.

The majority of American entomologists seem to accept the

printed designation of the genotype as binding, regardless of

the characters given in the generic description and of the iden-

tity of the specimens used by the author. I personally favor

this method, which in the case under consideration will place

Polistella Ashmead (genotype by monotypy : Polistes manillensis

H. de Saussure, 1853) in the subfamily Polistinas. Its exact

status there (either as a synonym or a subgenus of Polistes)

will be decided by a further study of the type of P. mmnillensis.

That species was originally described from a male at the British

OCTOBER, 1930]

BEQUAERT POLISTELLA

Museum. It does not seem to have been recognized since

de Saussure, although Meade-Waldo mentioned that Polistes

flavobilineata (Cameron), described as Icaria, was very closely

related to P. manillensis.

If one argues, however, that the identity of Ashmead’s

specimens must settle the matter, Polistella Ashmead (1904)

would take precedence over Proto polybia Ducke (1905, Revue

d’Entomologie, XIV, p. 17), in the subfamily Polybiinse. This

would be a most unfortunate change for which I do not feel

there is any justification, considering that Ashmead not only

failed to recognize the true characters and affinities of his speci-

mens, but made an erroneous specific identification, in addition

to a bad guess as to the country of origin.

Ashmead’s claim that his ^‘Polistella manillensis’' is the

“smallest social wasp known in the world,” loses much of its

flavor in view of the fact that several other species of Proto-

polybia are equally small, while some specimens of Leiponieles

lamellaria (Moebius) may be even smaller.

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PLEBEJUS ICARI-

OIDES BDV.

BY R. F. STERNITZKY

Plebejus icarioides moroensis Sternitzky, n. subsp.

Differs from Plebejus icarioides var. evius, the closest allied

variety by the difference in the ground color of the superior

surface, which is true blue, lacking the violet hue of evius.

The series of this variety compared with a lengthy series of

evius shows a decided difference in size, being much smaller

than the latter.

Male: The blue ground color fuses gradually into the black mar-

ginal border, which becomes darker toward the apex of the prima-

ries. The secondaries have this dark color present along the costal

margin, gradually fading away as it approaches the anal portion of

the wing. Submarginal spots between the median nervules present.

On some specimens there is a slight indication of a black discal cell

spot. Wing fringes white.

Inferior surface bearing a surprising resemblance to Plebejus

pheres Bdv. A row of six spots between the limbal and discal area

prominent, as is the discal cell spot. These are bordered by white

scales. The sixth spot, closest to the inner margin, is a double eye

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VII, NO. 2

spot, and on all specimens at hand this peculiarity is constant. A

submarginal row of six other black spots is also present. These are

small, tending to obliteration toward the apex of the wings, and the

sixth inner marginal spot again tending to twin.

On the secondaries the six spots between the discal and limbal

area are well obliterated by white scales showing only indications

of black centers, except the one closest the costal margin which has

a well-defined black center in all specimens before me. TwO' other

spots situated between the basal and discal area are less constant

and appear as white spots in some specimens, while in others the

black centers are present. The white discal cell spot is large and

irregular. A submarginal row of seven white spots with minute

dark centers is also present. Ground color of wings silver gray.

Female: Ground color, superior surface of wings blackish brown,

heavily powdered with blue scales toward the base. Black discal cell

spot present. On the primaries a distinct submarginal band of light

buff, which gradually fuses intO' the ground color, is always present.

The intensity varies in the specimens before me, and the buff color

has a tendency to fade into the dark brown ground color toward

the apex. On the secondaries the band tends to divide into spots

with dark centers, the one between the median veins one and two

being most prominent. Inferior surface as in males, with the excep-

tion that the ground color takes on a creamy appearance and the

black spots of the primaries are somewhat accentuated.

Wing expanse, 27 mm.

Specimens taken by the author at Moro Beach, San Luis

Obispo County, California, June 27, 1929, on the blue flower-

ing beach lupin.

Holotype, male (No. 2982), allotype, female (No. 2983),

and three male and three female paratypes, deposited in the

California Academy of Sciences; two males and two females

in the Southern California Academy of Sciences, and fifteen

male and eleven females, paratypes, in the author’s collection.

OBSERVATIONS ON TWO CALIFORNIA

BEETLES

BY HOWARD HINTON

Velgus Calif ornicus Horn. — While collecting near Riverton,

El Dorado County, California, during August 1930, I was

attracted to three fire-killed sugar pines which were badly

infested with termites. Beneath the loose bark and at the base

OCTOBER, 1930] HINTON NOTES ON TWO BEETLES

of the trees in the damp, rotten wood and termite castings all

stages of this insect were to be found. The pupae were lying

in small hollows which looked as if they had been made out

of the castings. Remains of adults found in the neighborhood

seemed to indicate that at least two broods had developed here.

Diphyllostonm nigricollis (Fall). — One day in the latter

part of June while collecting from the power company’s canal

near Riverton, I noticed many of these Luncanidae floating by.

Believing that they were rare, I settled down to collect and took

about fifty. The next day I collected more and thereafter at

weekly intervals collected others, until the latter part of August.

They were most numerous from nine to eleven o’clock and

increased from day to day until toward the last of July, when

they diminished rapidly in numbers. On one day in July, I

caught 112 specimens. I believe that all of these specimens had

fallen into the water and that, because of the rapid current,

none had escaped.

Note. — These observations by Mr. Hinton, a wide-awake young

Junior College student, are most important. Valgus calif orntcus Horn

has been known for a long time to be more or less associated with

termites. The above observation shows that though somewhat a

general scavenger in rotting pine or fir wood, it has a decided pref-

erence for the areas where the termite castes have collected, in this

regard resembling the European rose chafer, Cetonia aurata L. and

the species of our own genus Cremastochilus which pass their early

existence in the nests of ants.

The genus Diphyllostoma Fall is a most peculiar one. It contains

two species, fimbriata Fall and nigricollis Fall, both first captured by

Ralph Hopping; the first near his old home at Kaweah, the second

in Fresno County. These specimens were taken, if I remember cor-

rectly, while flying or resting on the grass and at dusk. During May

and June, 1929, and again in late May, 1930, numbers of the first

species were taken by my students and myself from the flumes of

the power companies situated just below the entrance to the Sequoia

National Park. We had believed that they were dusk flyers. Mr.

Hinton’s observations seem to indicate that they prefer the heat of

the day. All specimens so far taken have been males. Is the female

flightless like the females of Pleocoma, Anorus, Euthysanuis and

Zarhipisl — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Editorial Comment

On a preceding page of this number of the Pan-Pacific

Entomologist Dr. Bequaert brings up a point in nomenclature

that it seems to me requires further consideration. He says :

“The majority of American entomologists seem to accept the

printed designation of the genotype as binding, regardless of

the characters given in the generic description and of the iden-

tity of the specimens used by the author.” For some time there

has become more or less apparent a tendency toward a blind

worship of the type and a corresponding disregard of the

description, with the claim that this is necessary for stability

in nomenclature. This would be true if type labels were

infallible, but they are far from that, and in the last analysis

the only dependable element in nomenclature is the description.

Recognizing this as a fact we have but one course to follow.

A genotype must not disagree with the description of the genus,

nor should a species type disagree with the species description.

Errors of omission may be allowed to pass, but the type of a

genus or species must possess the characters named in the

description. A case in point is Chermes of Linnaeus. He

wrote “Pedes saltatorii,” and thirteen of the fourteen species

listed by him are saltatorial. Then, on the basis of elimina-

tion, someone named the fourteenth, a plant louse, as the type

of Chermes, and many of our entomologists now have a genus

of saltatorial plant lice that cannot jump. The same incon-

gruity has occurred many times in the case of species. In the

case of Polistella, mentioned by Dr. Bequaert, some clerk

might some day inadvertently shift Ashmead’s labels to another

insect; then who could tell what Ashmead called ‘'Polistes

manillensis’' and Polistella might find itself in the Ichneumo-

nidae. Stability is impossible unless we follow the description.

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

a taxonomic list of genera. By J. Chester Bradley, Professor

of Entomology in Cornell University. Limited edition. Litho-

printed. xvi, 360 pp. Buckram, $6. Pressboard, $5.

Daw, Illston & Co., 526d West Clinton Street,

Ithaca, New York

Publisher’s charges for reprints from the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist :

2 pages; for 100 copies $5.50; for each additional 100, $1.25

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16 pages; for 100 copies $20.00; for each additional 100, $6.50

These prices will be charged for author’s extras ordered

additional to those furnished free.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fall, Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the

Gulf of California in 1921. The Chrysomelidae. 15

cents.

Cole, A Study of the Terminal Abdominal Structures of Male

Diptera. 75 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., A Contribution to our Knowledge of the

North American Conopidae. 1927. 25 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., New Mycetophylidae Taken in California

and Alaska. 1928. 50 cents.

For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

“California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

California.”

Vol. VII January, 1931 No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

ESSIG, CHARLES FAYETTE MCGLASHAN 97

STANFORD, NOTES ON DIPTERA ATTACKING MAN 99

BARRETT, NEW SPECIES OF APHODIUS AND MALACHIUS FROM CALIFORNIA . 101

HATCH, NOTES ON PH^DON 103

HOPPING, NOTES ON POGONOCHERUS 105

LINSLEY, A CORRECTION 106

GUTHRIE, NOTES ON DEVELOPMENT IN LINA 107

VAN DUZEE, A NEW ISCHNORRHYNCHUS 110

BLAISDELL, A NEW SPECIES OF ZOPHERODES FROM CENTRAL CALIFORNIA . Ill

BARE, A BUENOA OF SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES AND MEXICO .... 115

BALL, SOME NEW LEAFHOPPERS OF THE GENUS ALIGIA 119

MOULTON, A NEW ^OLOTHRIPS FROM NEVADA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER

SPECIES 122

WOODBURY, PENTATOMID.® OF ZION NATIONAL PARK 124

BRUCK, TWO NEW SPECIES OF PHLCEOSINUS 126

USINGER, A NEW SPECIES OF PLATYLYGUS 129

KLYVER, CHERMID®: FROM UTAH, NEVADA, AND ARIZONA 131

EDITORIAL COMMENT 144

San Francisco, California

1931

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

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be sent to the treasurer. Dr. Stanley B. Freeborn, University

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Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

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copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

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Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

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cation if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. W. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL members

Dr. Vasco M. Tanner, Provo, Utah

Mr. Jeane D. Gunder, Pasadena, California

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San FYancisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol VII, No. 3 January, 1931

CHARLES FAYETTE McGLASHAN

BY E. O. ESSIG

With the passing of Charles Fayette McGlashan, the West

has lost one of its most interesting men who link the present

with the old and colorful past. Born near Jamesville, Wis-

consin, August 12, 1847, he crossed the plains in an ox wagon

and arrived in California in September, 1854. Later he

attended the Satoyome Institute at Healdsburg, California,

1862-1865, and finished his education at Williston Seminary,

Easthampton, Massachusetts, 1868-1870. He prepared for law

and the many other occupations which he pursued in after

life as a school teacher, editor, historian, and amateur scientist.

As principal of the Placerville high school in 1871-1872, he

took a class four miles to Negro Hill to look through a tele-

scope owned by a Mr. Oldfield,^ an Englishman and a miner

and an ardent entomological collector. This visit was the be-

ginning of two passionate hobbies which at once seized upon

the budding scientist. The first was the study of astronomy,

which he pursued with such thoroughness that it later won him

a place as director of the Chabot Observatory, Oakland. The

other was entomology. It happened that, on the day of his

visit to the abode of Mr. Oldfield, a large number of moths

emerged in a breeding cage and they so fascinated him that,

after receiving all the instructions possible in the art of collect-

ing and rearing moths and butterflies, he became fired with

entomological enthusiasm which never ceased. After he became

principal of the Truckee schools, July 12, 1872, he devoted

much of his time to collecting, rearing, and distributing Lepid-

optera. His work attracted attention of many entomologists.

Henry Edwards visited him and taught him how to sugar for

moths, and during the twelve years from 1875-1887 McGlashan

sent him the most of the moths reared and collected, so that

many specimens in the Edwards collection, now at the Ameri-

1 Oldfield was an amateur entomologist who donated a collection of

Lepidoptera to the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. The

specimens were later destroyed by the earthquake and fire of April, 1906.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

can Museum of Natural History, New York, bear the locality

“Truckee.” During the years 1884-1887 he also collected eggs,

larvae, and pupae of butterflies for W. H. Edwards, who gave

him much information as to securing eggs and rearing the

caterpillars of butterflies. In turn Edwards determined all of

the butterflies in his collection. Albert Koebele collected with

McGlashan at Truckee in 1886. During the early eighties

specimens were collected there by B. Neumogen, Gamble

Geddes, Herman Strecker, W. G. Wright, James Behrens,

J. J. Rivers, and others. As a result of his endeavors Mr.

McGlashan amassed a collection of twenty thousand specimens,

especially rich in butterflies. Many specimens were preserved

in patented, wholly glass cases, each of which is described as

follows :

“The case is made wholly of glass, preferably in the form of a

six-sided box. It is made in sections, each side being a separate

piece — that is to say, the top is one piece of glass, its bottom another

piece of glass, and each of its sides one piece of glass. The meeting

edges of each piece are beveled or chamfered to an angle to suit the

particular case, and these joints are thoroughly cemented together,

so that the sections of the case become practically a single piece,

forming a hollow shell or casing which is permanently and hermeti-

cally sealed. The specimens are pinned to a strip of cork cemented

to glass.” 2

Beginning in 1912 and continuing until the World War in

1915, he taught his daughter, Ximena McGlashan,^ how to

collect and rear butterflies and moths, how to sugar for moths,

and the methods of disposing of the adults. A butterfly farm

was established at Truckee, a correspondence course for ama-

teur entomologists given to hundreds of pupils, and a monthly

magazine ^ issued.

His collections are still maintained at his home in Truckee.

For him Rivers named Lemonias macglashani which proves

to be a form of Euphydryas chalcedona (Dbldy. and Hew.),

and Henry Edwards named Hepialus macglashani, a synonym

of H. pulcher Grote.

McGlashan died at his home at Truckee, January 6, 1931,

and was cremated at Sacramento.

2 Pacific Pmral Press, Vol. 35, p. 378 (April 28, 1888).

3 Now Mrs. J. C. Howard.

4 The Butterfly Farmer, Vol. 1, No. 1 (September, 1913) to Vol. 1,

No. 12 (August, 1914), 208 pages.

January, 1931] essig — c. f. mcglashan

To his fellow citizens of Truckee he was perhaps best

known as a competent school teacher, a most successful

criminal lawyer, an editor ® of reputation, a searcher of the

stars, a collector and breeder of butterflies and moths, and a

historian of the hardy pioneering days. To the world at large

his name will be perpetuated as the historian of the famous

Donner tragedy which occurred in the high Sierras near his

home at Truckee in the winter of 1846. His book of 261 pages

entitled “History of the Donner Party,” a tragedy of the

Sierras, was first published by Bancroft, San Francisco, in

1880. A reprint by the same company appeared in 1881 and

subsequent reprints by Crocker, Sacramento, 1907, and Car-

lisle, San Francisco, 1918.

While at Santa Barbara he became interested in a system

of railroad telegraph signals and published a small paper of

eight pages entitled : “McGlashan’s train telegraph. A certain

method of preventing railroad collisions. Telegraph offices

upon cars.” No date is given.

NOTES ON DIPTERA ATTACKING MAN IN

SEVIER GOUNTY, UTAH

J. S. STANFORD, PH.D.

Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah

The following species were collected principally on the

writer while in the valley and canyons collecting birds and

mammals in 1929. The hunter became the hunted, so to speak.

Aedes dorsalis (Meigen). — These mosquitoes began to ap-

pear in Salina in May. By July, when the first crop of hay

was being cut, I saw them in great numbers on the work horses

in fields near the river. They attacked man persistently, too.

Upon asking a farmer where the mosquitoes bred, he replied,

“I don’t know where they breed, but I do know where they

feed.” These mosquitoes seemed to attack most viciously at

dusk.

Aedes campestris D. and K. — This species mingles with

dorsalis throughout the state where collections have been made.

Several specimens were taken in Salina.

5 He edited the Truckee Republican and the Santa Barbara Press.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Aedes vexans (Meigen). — Late in July while climbing

from the experiment station in the mountains east of Salina

(elevation 7800 feet) to the higher ridges, I encountered fre-

quent small swarms of a dark species which followed persist-

ently, settling principally on my back and legs. They were

more numerous in protected places near trees and bushes where

the breezes were less pronounced. Unfortunately I had left

my cyanide bottle in camp, but I easily caught a score or more

in a vial of alcohol by putting the open vial over them. Be-

cause of this wetting, positive identification was very difficult.

Culex tarsalis Coq. — I collected several females (and two

males) in June on the walls and ceiling of a bedroom at night.

They did not attack us before we slept. They doubtless did

so later in the darkness.

Symphoromyia hirta Johnson. — At the experiment station

in late July we were frequently attacked by these flies darting

to our necks, faces and hands with a low hum, and quickly

beginning to drill. This drilling process was rather painful,

but no swelling resulted and the tingling was of short dura-

tion. These flies lost all caution when boring for blood, and

could be easily picked up or crushed. Hence collecting was an

easy matter.

Silvia quadrivitatta Say.

Chrysops fulvaster O. S. — Moderate numbers of these two

species, the latter more common, attacked me promptly when

walking through the grass and brush by the Sevier River.

They were difficult to capture in hand until well engaged in

biting. Only a few specimens were taken, mainly because of

my reluctance to fight the swarms of mosquitoes longer than

necessary.

Culicoides varipennis Coq. — On hot afternoons in the

valley, especially on the leeward side of hills, these small flies

appeared in swarms and crawled under hat band, down the

neck, etc., biting promptly. Killing apparently did no good,

as others instantly took their places.

The writer is indebted to Dr. O. A. Johannsen, Professor

of Entomology at Cornell University, and Mr. D, M. Rees,

Zoology Department of the University of Utah, for the deter-

mination and verification of the species listed.

January, 1931] barrett — new aphodius and malachius 101

NEW SPECIES OF APHODIUS AND MALACHIUS

FROM CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera)

BY R. E. BARRETT

Saticoy, California

Aphodius vandykei Barrett, n. sp.

Oblong, convex, black, shining, elytra black with intervals 2 to 5

and part of 6 yellow. Head entirely black, moderately convex,

without trace of tubercles, surface rather finely closely punctate;

clypeus feebly emarginate, the angles broadly rounded, sides arcuate,

genae moderately prominent, not as obtuse as in cruentatus\ antenna

brownish, club piceous. Thorax one and one-half times as wide as

long, slightly narrower in front, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles

distinct but obtuse, base arcuate, basal marginal line entire and more

distinct than in cruentatus', disk convex, punctuation fine and dense

slightly denser and finer at the sides. Scutellum small, black.

Elytra at base not quite as wide as thorax, humeri distinct, with

a small acute tubercle; striae moderately deep, rather finely punc-

tate, the striae red where the intervals are yellow, intervals very

slightly convex, punctuation fine and sparse, the first or sutural

interval black, intervals 2 to 5 and part of 6 yellow except the

apical one-eighth which is usually black or dark brown, the inter-

vals from 6 to the side black. Mesosternum not carinate between

the coxae. Metasternum sparsely evenly punctate. Abdomen indis-

tinctly punctate. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate exter-

nally, finely crenate above the upper external tooth, piceous, first

tarsal segment as long as the second, piceous. Middle tibiae and

tarsi piceous. Posterior femur rather densely punctate, black, tibiae

with unequal spinules, piceous, the first tarsal segment distinctly

longer than the next three, piceous. Length, 4.5 to 6.0 mm.;

breadth, 2.25 to 3.0 mm.

Holotype, No. 2984, in the Museum of the California

Academy of Sciences. Numerous paratypes in my own col-

lection. All were taken by me from nests of the wood rat,

Neotoma, in the East Fork of Santa Paula Canyon (2500 feet

elevation), Ventura County, California, January 26, 1931.^

A triangular black spot on the elytra is noticeable on many

specimens, the base of the triangle being at the base of the

elytra. This black spot is due to the transparency of the elytra

1 A number of specimens of the same species were taken by me and

my students from the flotsam in a reservoir below the Sequoia National

Park during May, 1929. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

and the manner in which the wings are folded. Specimens

preserved in alcohol are noticeably darkened. No sexual differ-

ences are noticed in the series at hand.

By Horn’s Monograph this species runs to terminalis and

cruentatus in Group I-d. It may readily be separated from

terminalis by the small acute tubercle on the humeri, the first

tarsal segment of the posterior legs being longer than the next

three, the yellowish markings on the elytra, and by being in

general larger. From cruentatus it may best be separated by

color, smaller size, lack of tubercles on the head, and shape

of the humeri.

This is the fourth Aphodius from Neotonm nests, neotomce

Fall, davisi Fall, and sparsus Lee. having been previously

described from this habitat.

I take pleasure in naming this species after Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke.

Malachius californicus Barrett, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, parallel or slightly wider posteriorly, from

above metallic blue bordering on green. Head with two frontal

and one small vertical impression, finely punctate, shining metallic

bluish green, antenna eleven-segmented, black; male — segments 1

and 2 cylindrical, 3 triangular twice as long as the second, 4 to 10

pectinate, branch on segment 4 one-half as long as branch on seg-

ment 6, branch on segment 5 equal in length to branch on segment

10, branches on segments 6 to 9 equal in length; female — segments

1 and 2 cylindrical, segments 3 to 10 serrate; undersurface of the

distal half of the first segment and the undersurface of the second

segment yellow in both sexes. Prothorax distinctly wider than long,

glabrous, shining, broadly rounded, uniformly colored. Elytra shin-

ing, scabrous, apex not appendiculate in either sex. Undersurface

of body and legs dark green bordering on black, pubescence fine,

yellow. Length, 3.5 to 4.0 mm.; breadth, 1,5 to 2.0 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2985, in the Museum of the California

Academy of Sciences. Allotype, female, and one paratype in

my collection. Described from three specimens collected by

myself in Marin County, California, April 18, 1926.

In Horn’s Synopsis of the Malachiidae of the United States

this species runs to the group in which the male antenna is

pectinate and the apex of the elytra are not appendiculate. It

may readily be separated from mixtus and ulkei by its uniform

metallic bluish-green color.

January, 1931] hatch — notes on ph^don

103

NOTES ON PH^DON

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH

Dr. H. C Fall (Pan-Pac. Ent., V, 1929, pp. 145-152) has

pronounced invalid the nine new species of Phcsdon that I

described (1. c., 1928, pp. 44-47, 59-62). Of these Mr. Charles

Schaeffer (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., XXIV, 1929, pp. 286-287)

has declared P. carri Hatch valid. For the present, P. van-

couverensis Hatch can likewise be considered distinct. It is

separated from oviformis Lee. by characters of no less moment

than those considered valid by Schaeffer; Fall, moreover, was

unable to report intermediates between it and oviformis.

Since Dr. Fall asserts that he has seen intermediates,

P. punctatus and vandykei Hatch can be regarded as varieties

of prasinella Lee., and dietricM Hatch a variety of viridis

Melsh. (csruginosus Suffr. ; microreticulatus Hatch*). These

differ by clear-cut characters, and, until the matter can be

given more detailed study than Dr. Fall has obviously given

it, the progress of our knowledge is better served by keeping

the several varieties separated. As a third member of the

zdridis group, I announce the var. oklahomensis nov. It is

characterized by the almost complete obsolescence from the

interstriae of both rugosity and micropunctulation and by the

very fine punctation of the disk of the pronotum. The type

is from Chickasha, Oklahoma, in my collection.

The case of P. niger Hatch is difficult. It is most closely

related to americanus Schaeffer (armoracice Hatch and Fall,

nec L.) and it must replace that name if it be eventually proved

to be cospecific with it. It is characterized by jet-black elytra

and convex interstriae, and I have two specimens that fulfill

* Dr. Pall intimates that I was not entitled to rely on the published

descriptions of viridis Melsh. and purpurea Linnell ( p u r pu-

re s c e n s Hatch) but that I was under obligation to consult the types.

I can admit no such obligation. Species exist not by virtue of the char-

acteristics inherent in the type, but by virtue of such of those character-

istics as have been published. When specimens exist that differ from

published descriptions of previously described species in reasonably defi-

nite fashion the obligation is to describe them as new. The occasional

synonomy so produced is much preferable to the announcement of really

new species under old names — a practice that, at best, is frequently

unavoidable.

t Dr. Pall’s proposal to ignore the type of this form is reminiscent

of the reputed habit of the older naturalists of throwing out specimens

that didn’t "fit.” How much of the clarity for which Dr. Pall’s mono-

graphs are so justly famous has been obtained at the price of the sup-

pression of a portion of the data?

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

both these requirements. Americanus is characterized by more

or less metallic elytra and flat interstriae. A third form, which I

name planus sp. nov. (Type and four paratypes : King County,

Washn., Evans Creek, May 11, 1929. M. H. Hatch, in my

collection), is characterized by jet-black elytra and flat inter-

striae. So far I have not taken americanus, as above defined,

in western Washington, and it is possible that planus replaces

it in this area. All three of these forms possess a nearly

similar elytral microsculpture, are closely related, and may

eventually be shown to be varieties or subspecies of a single

species.

Two corrections in my second paper on Phcedon (1. c., pp.

59-60) should be noted. The division "A^” of my table should

read “elytral intervals not microreticulate.” Cochlearice L. is

erroneously included under the species without a series of

larger punctures on the second interstria, although the larger

punctures are very faintly indicated in my material which,

moreover, exhibits a definite transverse rugosity of the inter-

striae.

Swarming of Two Species of Diptera

On March 22, 1931, while collecting by the Salinas River

at Templeton, Monterey County, California, I noted an unusual

gathering of Odontomyia pilosa Day. They were swarming on

a cluster of stones projecting a little above the surface of the

water, there being perhaps one or two hundred individuals

altogether. Some were resting on the stones while others flew

back and forth close over them with a rather loud humming

noise, much like that produced by certain Bombyllids when

hovering; perhaps a mating flight.

On the bank near where these Stratomyids were gathered

was a patch of Bceria chrysostoma on the flowers of which

were great numbers of the little Bombyllid, Ploas atratula

Loew. This species is always common on these Baeria flowers,

but I have never seen them in anything like such numbers. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

January, 1931] hopping — pogonocherus

105

NOTES ON POGONOCHERUS

BY RALPH HOPPING

Vernon, B. C.

Referring to Mr. Tinsley’s excellent review of the genus

Pogonocherus in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist for Octo-

ber 1930. The restricted distribution of some of the species

seems to call for comment. A few hosts may also be added

to those given by Mr. Tinsley.

Pogonocherus propinquus Fall. — This species has been bred

by us from not only Pinus ponder osa Taws, but from P. con-

torta Toudon and P. monticola D. Don. at Midday Valley, near

Merritt, B. C., and at Trinity Valley, near Vernon, B. C.

Pogonocherus arisonicus Schffr. — This species also occurs

in California, as well as Arizona. One specimen was taken by

the author near Tahoe, California. It is fairly common for

species of Arizona and New Mexico to be taken as far north

as southern British Columbia.

Pogonocherus pictus Fall. — We have bred this species in

numbers from Pinus ponderosa Taws at Midday Valley, B. C.,

and from Larix Occident alis Nuttal at Trinity Valley, B. C.

Pogonocherus mixtus Hald. — I have examined one speci-

men of mixtus from Salmon Arm, B. C. Other specimens in

my collection are from Teduc and Edmonton, Alberta; Minne-

sota, and the Eastern States.

Pogonocherus salicicola Casey. — Typical specimens of this

species have been bred from Pinus ponderosa Taws at Midday

Valley, B. C.

Pogonocherus penicillatus Tec. — This is our commonest

species and is frequently bred by us from Picea engelmanni

Engel., in our cages at Torna, B. C. It is apparently a Rocky

Mountain species breeding in spruce, extending from Alaska

to British Columbia and the Rocky Mountain States to

Colorado.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Pogonocherus oregonus Lee. — Three specimens have been

taken in British Columbia at Vernon, Creston, and Midday

Valley.

Pogonocherus crinitus Lee. — ^Although we have not taken

this species it has been seen from Vancouver Island, as stated

by Mr. Linsley. The host Quercues garryana Hook, does not

exist on the mainland of British Columbia.

From the above notes it may be seen that seven, or one-half

the known species, are found in British Columbia, and several

new hosts are listed.

A Correction

Since the publication of an article on Pogonocherus and

Ecyrus in the last number of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist,

two errors in synonomy have come to my attention. The first

of these is in regard to the specific standing of Pogonocherus

parvulus Lee. I accepted Horn’s declaration as set forth in his

revision,^ and later restated by other writers, that P. parvulus

was merely a small form of P. mixtus Hald. I now find,

through the kindness of Dr. H. C. Fall, that P. parvulus is not

only a valid species, but is the form that was later described

by Casey as P. salicicola. Dr. Fall writes, Pogonocherus sali-

cicola Casey is the same as P. parvulus Lee. which is itself

a good species and distinct from P. mixtus Hald. Since the

publication of Casey’s salicicola, I have carefully examined the

two type specimens in the Le Conte collection and find them to

agree in all essentials with Casey’s species.”

Ecyrus fasciatus Ham. should be considered a valid species

and not a variety of E. dasycerus Say. Of this species Dr. Fall

writes, “I have an example of E. fasciatus Ham. which has

been compared with the type, and found to agree perfectly. It

is more robust than E. dasycerus, with a denser pubescence of

a different pattern, the elytra with scattered fine erect hairs,

quite different from the oblique short ones of E. dasycerus, and

with rounded elytral apices.” — E. Gorton Linsley.

1 Horn, G. H.. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 42

January, 1931] guthrie — notes on lina

107

NOTES ON EGG HATGHING— LARVAL, PUPAL,

AND ADULT DEVELOPMENT IN LINA

SCRIPTA (FABR.)

(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

BY ESTHER GUTHRIE, M.A.

Woodland, California

Early in June 1930, a twig from a poplar tree was brought

into the Stanford entomology laboratory, with a number of

the pupae of the beetle Lina scripta {Melanoma scripta) hang-

ing to it. On June 14, a number of adults, spotted and black,

emerged from these pupae. A pair of spotted beetles was iso-

lated and placed in a glass jar for the purpose of observation.

The pair was supplied continuously with fresh young poplar

leaves. Room temperature, during the course of observations,

varied from 69 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

On June 22, eight days after emergence, the pair mated.

On June 26, twelve days after emergence, fifty-nine eggs were

deposited on the underside of the leaf. The eggs were attached

to the surface by an adhesive secretion in an oblique position,

occasionally one lying over the other. They were oval and of

a deep yellow color. This was the first of several batches of

eggs oviposited by the female.

Hatching began July 2, the period of incubation being thus

six days. Just before hatching, the embryo is clearly dis-

cernible through the smooth, tough shell. A double row of

dorso-lateral black spots, each basal to a single black bristle, is

conspicuous. At regular intervals, peristaltic movements of

the embryo occur, which, as they become more vigorous, cause

the egg shell to split along the side, near the anterior end. As

these movements continue, the opening is widened. When the

split is quite long, the posterior tip of the abdomen of the larva

is drawn forward and under, while at the same time the thorax

and first two abdominal segments are pushed against the split

in the shell. Each time this “pushing” occurs, the bristles

stand erect and the skin becomes turgid.

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Conspicuous on the larva are openings of two rows of

dorso-lateral glands, two pairs on the thorax and seven pairs

on the abdomen. When the larva is disturbed the membrane

of the openings of the glands is everted and a secretion with an

odor similar to Prussic acid exudes. As the larva is pushing

itself through the split in the shell, the skin becomes turgid

and this membrane often everts, discharging the milky secre-

tion. As the body relaxes, the membrane is retracted.

The “pushing” continues until the split is widened suffi-

ciently for the extrusion of the larval body. At the tip of the

abdomen, there is a sticky disk by means of which the larva

attaches itself to the inside of the shell, while the body is

erected perpendicularly from this point and moved about in

various directions. When pigmentation becomes evident on

legs, head, and thorax, the larva curves forward and comes

to rest with only an occasional movement, until pigmentation

is complete.

Pigmentation takes place by degrees. The mandibles,

simple eyes, claws, and bases of the large bristles become pig-

mented in the embryo. In the larva, the sequence is as follows :

thorax, segments of the abdomen, and the tubercles at the

openings of the glands.

There are four evident pouches on the thoracic segments

adjoining the tubercles. These are very large and soon become

yellow and turgid with fluid, while those

remain brownish black.

on the abdomen

The first moult occurred July 5, the first in-star thus last-

ing three days. The larvae, preparing to moult, cease to feed

and move in such a way as to indicate that the body is being

pulled away from the larval skin. At the same time the four

prominent yellow pouches become very light in color. The

larval skin splits through the head, thorax, and first abdominal

segments. Immediately after ecdysis the larva is yellow and

remains inactive until pigmentation sets in and becomes

complete.

Three days later, July 8, the second moult occurred. From

this time until prepupation the larvae fed voraciously. Four

January, 1931] guthrie — notes on lina

109

days later, July 12, the larvae ceased feeding, the four yellow

pouches became white, and the prepupae attached themselves

to the surface by means of the sticky disk at the tip of the

abdomen, with the body suspended. The curved body of the

prepupa then straightened out. Soon a split occurred through

the cuticle of the head, thorax, and first abdominal segments.

The pupa worked its way downward and about two-thirds out

of the larval skin, the last three abdominal segments remain-

ing covered by the thoracic region of the exuvia. Here the

pupa remained suspended, adhering to the larval integument,

and attached to it by a pair of processes on the seventh

abdominal segment. These processes fit into pockets on the

first abdominal segment of the exuvia, at the base of the paired

glands.

The larval glands previously mentioned are of the nature

of osmeteria. These have not been studied, but the pouches

into which they opened were found to be situated in the larval

cuticula and are shed with the exuvia. Here they remain

turgid with the fluid with which they are filled throughout

ecdysis. Upon pressure, exvagination of the membrane in the

throat of the tubercular openings takes place and the fluid flows

out through the openings as in the living insect. Upon release

of pressure, the membrane mechanically invaginates.

The pupa, upon emergence, is orange-colored underneath,

with the rest of the body a light yellow. The sequence of pig-

mentation is as follows : spiracles of the abdomen, dorsal area

of abdominal segments, legs, wing cases, edges of the thorax,

and head. At the end of one hour and thirty minutes the pupa

became glossy black.

Seven days later, July 19, the first adults emerged. On

July 20, all had emerged.

The body of the adult, on emergence, is yellow, with the

head, antennae, legs, and center of the thorax black. The elytra

are grayish white with the spots slightly pigmented. The wings

are extended until thoroughly dry, when they are folded under

the elytra. The lateral margins of the thorax are yellowish

white, remaining so for several days, until the adult is finally

matured and ready to mate.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

A NEW ISCHNORRHYNCHUS

(Hemiptera: Lygaeidas)

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Ischnorrhynchus obovatus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Distinct from all our other species by its longer head and

ovate elytra. Length, 4 mm.

Male. Head distinctly more produced than in reseda, sides nearly

rectilinear before the eyes; vertex regularly shallowly punctate; buc-

culas very narrow, scarcely elevated anteriorly. Rostrum attaining

apex of fourth ventral segment; segment I surpassing base of head.

Pronotum strongly punctate; broadly depressed just before the

middle, sides sinuate, anterior margin one-half the posterior; callosi-

ties forming a smooth impressed arc either side; humeri prominent;

scutellum coarsely punctate. Elytra broad, subhyaline, obscurely

punctate on the median area, with a row of fine punctures on the

basal half of the radial vein and next the claval suture; clavus with

marginal and one median row of close punctures; costa ovately arcu-

ate and reflexed, apex distinctly bent at radial vein; membrane

nearly hyaline. Antennal segment I not attaining apex of tylus;

II and IV slightly longer than III.

Color rufo-castaneous; tip of tylus, gula, segments I and IV of

antennae, and base and apex of II and III, black, tip of IV paler.

Pronotum pale posteriorly, arcuate lines and hind margin blackish;

scutellum castaneous. Elytra brownish subhyaline; dot at tip and

a geminate dash on disk blackish. Beneath mostly blackish, varied

with castaneous on the propleura; acetabulae and orifices pale; pale

margin of metapleura strongly produced at outer angle. Legs casta-

neous, knees and apex of tarsi black.

Holotype, male. No. 3003, and allotype, female. No. 3004,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, taken by the author,

April 30, 1922, on Cypress Ridge, Woodacre, Marin County,

California, on Sargent’s Cypress. Paratypes 3 males, 17

females, same data, 7 males and 3 females taken May 11, 1919,

and two females taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke at same place,

and three examples taken on Monterey Cypress at Carmel,

March 24, 1919, and March 22, 1918, the latter by Mr. Louis

Slevin. The ovate form and dark color recalls Gastrodes.

January, 1931] blaisdell — zopherodes

111

A NEW SPECIES OF ZOPHERODES FROM

CENTRAL CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidas)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California

The new species of Zopherodes described below is the first

to be found north of San Francisco Bay, west of Mount Diablo

meridian and about 38.5 degrees north latitude. Pm'vicolUs

Casey occurs as far north as Dalton Creek (Henry Dietrich)

and the South Fork of the Kings River, in Fresno County.

My remarks at the present time concern only Californian spe-

cies. The known species of Zopherodes occurring in our fauna

north of Mexico, have a wide range of distribution in the

southwestern United States, inhabiting Southern and Lower

California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah.

Zopherodes sanctaehelenae Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form oblong-oval, about three times as long as width of elytra,

size variable and somewhat stout, prothorax and elytra almost equal

in width, both narrowed basally, the bases equal to width of an

elytron. Luster dull, color deep black as usual.

Head in repose deeply retracted into the prothorax, with eyes

hidden from view, surface punctate.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest at middle, apex

broadly and moderately deeply emarginate, angles rather prominent

and well rounded; sides more or less angulate at middle; at apex of

the antennal grooves broadly arcuate, most strongly so anteriorly

where the margin is most prominent, very feebly reflexed and nar-

rowly obtuse, posteriorly rather rapidly convergent to base with

margin more rounded and granulate; base transverse, angles obtuse

and not in the least prominent; disk moderately strongly and evenly

convex, finely punctured, punctures small, scarcely submuricate,

separated by a distance equal to two to four times their diameter,

slightly denser in the vicinity of the angles where they become

somewhat granulate. A feeble, narrow and transverse submarginal

groove is present against the basal bead.

Elytra evenly oval, frequently slightly widest behind the middle

to rarely subcylindrical, much more rapidly convergent anteriorly

than posteriorly, humeri obsolete; sides broadly arcuate, apex

obtusely and rather narrowly rounded, not lobed; apical tubercles

somewhat elongate and well developed, parasutural impressions

strong; disk moderately convex, most strongly so and rounded

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

laterally, arcuately declivous apically; surface with vermiculate lines

which vary in distinctness, punctures rather small, very little larger

and slightly stronger than those of the pronotum, similar in distribu-

tion, slightly muricate, most so laterally and apically, with few

granules in the humeral area.

Prosternum densely and coarsely punctato-subtuberculate, like-

wise the meso- and metasternum, with their parapleurse smooth and

quite impunctate. Abdomen smooth and very sparsely punctate,

punctures small; fifth ventral segment deeply impressed at base,

impression bilobed apically. Legs moderate in stoutness and length.

Male. Epistomal area plane and deep velvety black, more finely

punctate; abdomen more finely and sparsely punctate.

Female. Epistomal area more or less strongly impressed at

apex and laterally, dull in luster as elsewhere, punctures stronger

and a little larger. Abdominal punctures a little larger and stronger.

Measurements. Length (types), 16-19 mm.; width, 6-7 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 2986), and allotype, female (No.

2987), and eight paratypes in the Museum of the California

Academy of Sciences. Thirty specimens studied, 13 males and

17 females.

Type locality: Mount St. Helena, Napa County, California.

Collected on July 15, 1930, from under bark of a dead oak and

pine, on the eastern and western slopes of the mountain, by

Messrs. A. T. McClay, T. W. Serins and E. G. Linsley, who

also possess paratypes.

The Academy’s series of ten specimens give the following

comparative measurements which show the degree of vari-

ations in size:

Total

Pronotum

Elytra

Specimen

Length

Width

Length

Width

mm.

4.5

9.5

534

10.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

6.5

In the study of the sculptural characters of the species of

Tenebrionidae it is very essential to have the specimens per-

January, 1931] blaisdell — zopherodes

113

fectly clean, in order not to be deceived as regards luster and

punctation. This can quickly be done with a soft camel’s hair

brush and chloroform. In the present study a number of the

specimens were brighter than others, the application of chloro-

form removed an oily exudate and the specimens were really

dull in luster. Unless this is done no reliance can be put on

the statement luster bright or dull; likewise as regards fine

punctation, the exudate obliterates the punctules.

In the classification of LeConte and Horn no mention has

been made regarding the unusual size of the epistoma, which

constitutes fully four-sixths of the exposed front of the head

when retracted into the prothorax as in repose. The frontal

sutures are directed obliquely backward and inward to just

before the upper part of the eyes to arcuately unite in front

of the. narrow interocular surface. As a result the sides of

the front appear as small lateral and irregularly triangular

areas before the eyes. In only one specimen before me are the

eyes exposed ; these are transverse, finely faceted and separated

above by a narrow interocular surface.

In Zopherodes as defined by Casey the antennal cavities

are well rounded at apex, which point corresponds to the lateral

subangulation of the pronotal margin. In all of the species

the labrum is exposed, short, transverse, and densely punctured.

The species known to occur within the State of California

may be recognized by the following synoptic statement of the

essential differential characters :

Elytra subcylindrical, being abruptly narrowed at base and toward

apex, pronotum strongly convex, generally very feebly im-

pressed along the median line for a short distance at center.... 2

Elytra evenly oval in outline; pronotum less convex, never im-

pressed on the median line 3

2. Pronotal punctures strong but not muricate, uneven in dis-

tribution, denser and coarser at the sides; elytra not wider

than the prothorax, unevenly tuberculate, tubercles flat-

tened and shining, sublineate; prosternum more clearly and

discretely, very coarsely, punctate; abdomen coarsely punc-

tate. Arizona (Nogales, VIII-9-06; Yuma, III-17-12; Pres-

cott; Phoenix; Tempe Desert). Lower California. Cali-

fornia (Laguna, San Diego County; Coachella Valley,

Riverside County, V-9-27; Caliente, IX-lS-89) trhtis Lee.

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

3. Form stout; pronotum coarsely, submuricately punctate, only

slightly more closely so toward the sides; elytra evidently

wider than the prothorax, finely, strongly and unevenly

tuberculate, tubercles shining; prosternum irregularly, closely

and muricately tuberculate; abdomen coarsely punctate.

California (Julian, San Diego County; Mount Wilson, Los

Angeles County, July, 1905) induratus Casey

— Form more elongate; pronotum very coarsely and strongly

(male) to moderately (female) muricately punctate, punc-

tures slightly denser toward the sides, which are rounded;

elytra rather finely but very irregularly, closely tubercu-

late, sculpture transversely and very unevenly rugulose;

prosternum very unevenly punctato-tuberculate; abdomen

moderately densely punctate, finer toward apex. California

(San Diego County, Van Dyke collection; Hesperia, IX-

24-13) ventricosus Casey

-- Body moderately stout, convex; pronotum coarsely, unevenly

and not very sparsely punctate, punctures muricate or sub-

tuberculate, not differing much at sides; elytra slightly

wider than pronotum, sculpturing rough in irregular trans-

verse plicae, feebler, sparser, and mixed with some small

and irregular tubercles toward side; prosternum rather

closely punctato-tuberculate; abdomen not densely punc-

tured throughout californicus Casey

— Form less stout than in californicus, more inflated posteriorly;

pronotum rather sparsely and somewhat irregularly, moder-

ately, coarsely punctate, punctures feebly muricate, closer,

rather coarser and scarcely muricate laterally; elytra about

as wide as prothorax, surface with moderate and somewhat

sparse punctures, each, attended by a small and feeble,

slightly transverse tubercle, evenly distributed, not evidently

lineate; prosternum irregularly and closely but not very

strongly punctato-tuberculate; abdomen coarsely, moder-

ately closely punctate, gradually less coarsely posteriorly,

California (Fresno County: Dalton Creek, 4800 feet, VII-

30-20; South Fork Kings River, VII-1-10; Herron Hill,

11-28-92) parmcollis Casey

— Form rather stout. Pronotum rather finely, sparsely punc-

tate, slightly closer laterally, surface smooth, punctures not

muricate; elytra finely, sparsely punctate, punctures feebly

muricate, no tubercles, few granules about humeral area;

abdomen very finely and extremely sparsely punctate; pros-

ternum very irregularly, not densely punctate, centrally a

few tubercles. California (Mount St. Helena, Napa County,

July 15, 1930) sanctcehelena, n. sp.

January, 1931]

BARE A NEW BUENOA

115

A BUENOA OF SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES

AND MEXICO

(Hemiptera)

BY CLARENCE 0. BARE

Sanford, Florida

The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, Vol. XVIII,

page 342, and Plate LIV, No. 5, published in April 1928,

figured the genital claspers and spine of the new species,

Buenoa arisonis Bare, with the note that a full description

would follow. Since that date we have secured and studied

many more specimens. These include some from Arizona,

Southern California, Lower California, and the State of

Colima, Mexico. The following notes give the more complete

description.

Buenoa arizonis Bare

Sise: $ $, length 8.5 to 9 mm.; width 2.4 to 2.6 mm.

2 2 , length 8 to 8.9 mm., width 2.6 to 2.9 mm.

Color: Eyes dark; anterior part of scutellum and meta-

thorax showing through elytra very dark or amber-colored;

hind margin of scutellum yellowish; notocephalon, prothorax,

legs, and underside of body mostly yellowish or straw-colored ;

ventral part of abdomen except outer portions of connexiva

and median carina dark; tips of front and intermediate tarsal

claws black; considerable red coloring about wing attachments.

Structural characteristics : Head with eyes slightly narrower

than pronotum at hind margin. Notocephalon slightly sulcate

in some specimens, narrowest ventrad of vertex, widest between

vertex and synthylipsis vx^hich are subequal in width. Tylus

full and knob-like as seen in profile, a slight depression or

division at the point of the knob in the males. Synthylipsis :

vertex : base of tylus : : 9 : 9 : 12 in ^ ; in 2 as 9 : 11 : 12.

Pronotum with slight knob-like prominence at anterior

angle ; of smooth swollen appearance in 2 ; distinctly tricari-

nate in $ ; hind margin very slightly sinuate; one-fifth wider

than long in ^ ; nearly one-half wider than long in 2 .

Scutellum about one-eleventh shorter than pronotum; rela-

tively somewhat shorter in 2 than in the $ ; anterior portion

smooth and shining black.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Pronotum : scutellum : claval orifice : elytral suture : mem-

brane : : 6.5 : 5 : 1.2 : 6 : 9 in (J , and : : 5 : 5.5 : 1.2 : 7 : 9 in $ .

Seventh abdominal tergite of S with lateral (sinistral)

spine as in Fig. 7, fairly long and slender.

Gonapophyses of $ as in Figs. 5 and 6.

Pleurite of second abdominal segment in $ with glandular

opening darkly chitinized.

Foreleg : Coxa of $ with usually one large stridular seta and

a setal vortex near base; trochanter angulate; femur with a

small setal comb at distal cephalad angle, on lateral face about

eighteen crib-forming setae ; on mesal face in $ , stridular area

and setae as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Tibial prong in $ with

about fifty-one setal teeth. Tarsus with setal comb near base

of digitate black-tipped claws.

Middle leg : Distal half of coxa coated with many fine setae ;

on mesal face of femur a distinct row of forty-five to fifty

tooth-like setae, besides the many large crib forming setae; at

distal end of tibia two setal combs of about five setae in each;

also a setal comb at distal end of second tarsal segment opposite

the somewhat falciform claws ; inner face of tarsus in both

segments armed with short setal claws arranged mostly in

groups of three.

Hind leg: Caudal margin of femur armed with two rows

of short dentate setce, about seventy in upper or dorsad row and

sixty in lower or ventrad row; setal comb almost circumscrib-

ing distal end of tibia; setal comb about one-third distance

from proximal end of first tarsal segment and between the two

rows of long swimming setae on mesal face.

Relative lengths of parts of legs vary, but are nearly as

follows :

Front Femora Middle Femora Hind Femora

For $ $ 4.9 7 10.8

For $ $ 4.5 8 11

Femur Tibia Tarsus 1 Tarsus 2

Front leg 4.5 6 2.8 1.7

Middle leg 8 6.6 3 2

Hind leg 11 10.5 4 3.5

Type locality: Superstition Mountains, Arizona (Pinal

County). See Tech. Bull. 7, Univ. of Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta.,

pp. 148-9.

January, 1931]

BARE A NEW BUENOA

117

Fig. 1. Foreleg, left: Low power micro., from holotype, slides Nos.

1 and 2 (x 22).

Fig. 2. Stridular area of front femur: High power micro., from

holotype, slide No. 2 (x 94).

Fig. 3. Tibial prong showing stridular detail: High power micro.,

from holotype, slide No. 2 (x 94).

Fig. 4. Third beak segment with prongs bearing stridular areas:

Low power micro., from paratype No. 3, slide No. 1 (x 22),

Fig. 5. Right genital clasper: High power micro., from holotype,

slide No. 5 (x 94).

Fig. 6. Left genital clasper: High power micro., from holotype,

slide No. 5 (x 94).

Fig. 7. Sinistral spine of seventh abdominal tergite: High power

micro., from holotype, slide No. 4 (x 94).

118 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Types: Described from 151 specimens, 52 ^ ^ and 99 9 9 .

Holotype $ , allotype 9, and paratypes (3 ^ ^ and 10 9 9 )

Nos. 1-3, 5-13, and 92, from Superstition Mountains (Pinal

County), Arizona, dated November 7, 1922, and collected by

P. A. Glick. The holotype is made up in five slide mounts of

which Nos. 4 and 5 are those from which the original drawings

in the University of Kansas Science Bulletin, Vol. XVIII,

Plate LIV, No. 5, were made. Some of the paratypes are

made up in slide mounts as follows: No. 1 (2 slides) ; No. 2

(2 slides) ; No. 3 (pinned specimen and 1 slide) ; No. 6

(1 slide); No. 14 (2 slides); No. 92 (2 slides). Paratypes,

39 ^ ^ and 79 9 9 , Nos. 4, 14-17, 30-91, 93-143, from Santa

Cruz, Cochise, and Gila counties, Arizona; and Santa Rita

Mountains, in Pima County, Arizona; dates July 25, 29, and

August 4, 5, 6, 24, 1927; collectors, R. H. Beamer, P. A.

Readio, and L. D. Anderson. Paratypes, 3 ^ ^ and 5 9 9,

Nos. 18-25, Boboquivaria Mountains, Pima County, Arizona;

(1898?) ; collector, F. H. Snow. Paratypes, 3 ^ Nos. 144-

146, Warsaw, Arizona, December 4, 1893, U. S. National

Museum, Accession No. 28058. Paratype, 1 ^ , No. 148, Cata-

lina Mountains, Arizona, “18/4,” Sabino Canyon, Hubbard col-

lection. Paratypes, 1 ^ and 3 9 9, Nos. 26-29, Escondido

Bay, Baja California, June 14, 1921; collector, J. C. Cham-

berlin; ex. Coll. Cal. Acad. Sciences. Paratypes, 1 9 , No. 147,

State of Colima, Mexico, L. Conradt Coll. Paratype, 1 ^ ,

No. 149, Lower California, P. R. Uhler collection. (This

specimen also bears the label, ''Anisops platycnemis Fieber, det.

Uhler.”)

Location of types: In University of Kansas, Snow col-

lection: Holotype, allotype, and paratypes. Nos. 18-25, 30-91,

93-143. In author’s collection: paratypes. Nos. 1-17, 28, and

92. In California Academy of Sciences collection: paratypes.

Nos. 26, 27, and 29. In U. S. National Museum: paratypes.

Nos. 144-149.

Comparative notes: Easily distinguished from similar spe-

cies by distinctive coloration of scutellum, the number of setae

on hind femora, and especially by the knob-like projection of

the tylus. Buenoa antigone Kirk, and Buenoa carinata Cham-

pion are similar, but both have fewer setae on the hind femora

and lack the knob on the tylus.

January, 1931]

BALL NEW ALIGIA

119

SOME NEW LEAFHOPPERS OF THE

GENUS ALIGIA

(Rhynchota: Homoptera)

BY E. D. BALL

IJni'vers'liy of ArizonOj Tucson

The members of this genus are nearly all western and

especially southwestern in distribution. They all possess the

two cross nervures, numerous reticulations and a concave

suture between the ocelli apparently bounding the front. Van

Duzee recently described three species from California, and

this paper adds five forms from Arizona. The North Ameri-

can species may be roughly divided into groups as follows :

A — Elytra, and general color, pale or milky with fuscous or dark

brown nervures.

B — ^Vertex angulate disk nearly flat

inscripta Van D., calif ornica Van D., colei Van D., and

descripta Ball

BB — Vertex rounding disk convex

jucunda Uhl., munda Ball, oculea Ball, and dellana Ball

AA — Elytra, and general color, tawny or golden, the nervures

concolorous or darkening posteriorly.

C — ^Ground color of basal half of elytra pale or subhyaline.

Transverse bands pale or wanting

modesta O. and B., occidentalis Van D., and manitou Ball

CC — Ground color of basal half of elytra tawny to dark testa-

ceous nervures obscure. Bands usually definite, ivory

turbinata Ball, chiricana Ball, and santana Ball

Aligia descripta Ball, n. sp.

Resembling inscripta, but longer, darker with a shorter and

transversely furrowed vertex. Length, 5 mm.

Vertex shorter and narrower than in inscripta with an obtusely

rounding apex and a deep transverse furrow, longer and narrower

than in jucunda which it otherwise resembles. Eront broader above

than in jucunda, definitely convex in both diameters instead of being

concave beneath the produced apex of vertex as in inscripta. Elytra

longer and narrower than in inscripta. Venation similar in pattern,

much more heavily inscribed than in jucunda. The inscriptions

along costa numerous and fairly regular.

Color: Vertex creamy, with a pair of round dots at apex, a trans-

verse band widening in the middle and the median line connecting

this band with a basal triangle fuscous, a pair of brown dashes

against the eyes and a spot on the disk on either side brown. Pro-

notum heavily inscribed with fuscous. Scutellum creamy, a pair of

large brown spots at the base, a median line and a pair of lateral

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

dark spots on the apical triangle. Elytra ivory, the veins and numer-

ous vermiculate lines fuscous, two pale transverse bands indicated.

Holotype, female ^ and allotype, male, Glenn Oaks, Ari-

zona, July 19, 1929, and five pairs of paratypes from Glenn

Oaks, Granite Dells and Yarnell Heights, Arizona, taken by

the writer from July to October, 1929,

Aligia manitou dellana Ball, n. var.

Slightly larger and much darker than typical manitou with

concolorous males. Resembling jucunda, but much smaller.

Length, 4.-4. 5 mm.

Vertex slightly longer and more definitely angled than in manitou.

This is accentuated by a dark transverse band back of the ocelli and

two definite dark spots on the apex. The elytra are ivory subhyaline

with dark nervures as in jucunda, without any trace of banding. The

males are exactly the same color as the females, while in manitou

they are an almost uniform golden yellow in sharp contrast.

Holotype, female, Glenn Oaks, October 7. Allotype, male.

Granite Dells, October, 6, and ten paratypes taken with the

types and at Yarnell Heights, October 8. All taken, by the

writer in 1929. This may well be a distinct species in the strik-

ingly different males, but if so, then it is probable that a third

species is still being confused.

Aligia turbinata Ball, n. sp.

Similar to manitou in structure, slightly larger with a slop-

ing vertex. Mahogany with a broad white band, a dark head

and apex of elytra. Length, 4-5 mm.

Vertex sloping, one-third longer on middle than against eye. Head

very obtusely conical. Elytra flaring, opaque with the venation ob-

scure to the anteapical cells, few transverse veinlets in the anteapicals.

Color: Vertex black, shading out posteriorly. Ocelli white, pro-

notum, scutellum, and anterior half of elytra rich, shining reddish

brown. A broad, opaque, waxy, white transverse band across the

second cross nervure. This band narrowly margined with smoky

and a heavy smoky band running obliquely from apex of clavus

across the three inner apical cells. The anteapical cells and part of

the two outer apicals subhyaline with reddish or smoky nervures.

Face smoky, the margins black; below pale, the pygofers reddish.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, Glenn Oaks, Arizona,

July 29, 1929, and one male and eleven female paratypes taken

with the types and at Yarnell Heights by the writer in July

and August.

1 T 3 qoes in the collection of the author.

January, 1931]

BALL NEW ALIGIA

121

Aligia chiricana Ball, n. sp.

Longer and more slender than manitou which it resembles.

Elytra delicate milky subhyaline, female, or golden subhyaline,

male, with concolorous nervures on basal half. Length, 42-5 mm.

Vertex shorter and slightly more conical than in manitou, shorter

and less conical than in turbinata. Elytra longer and less flaring

than in manitou. Claval nervures without cross nervure, central

anteapical cell broader but less reticulate, usually four short nerv-

ures to costa, while in manitou there are three.

Color: Female, vertex creamy with faint traces of the usual

markings. Pronotum irregularly marked with wavy brown lines.

Scutellum washed with dusty orange, omitting three ivory points at

apex. Elytra delicate milky subhyaline with concolorous nervures.

Three pairs of black points on clavus, each anterior to a nervure

and increasing in size posteriorly. A narrow band across the second

cross nervure in which the nervures are smoky or brown, and the

membrane ivory. Male golden with the smoky nervures and mark-

ings of female, face and below pale creamy.

Holotype, female, allotype, male, and six paratypes, Chiri-

cahua Mountains, Arizona, July 6; also two pairs of paratypes,

Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, June 15, all taken in 1930 by

the writer. This is a strikingly distinct species with a delicate

coloring hard to describe.

Aligia santana Ball, n. sp.

Size and form of chiricana nearly, slightly stouter with a

more rounding vertex. Smaller and narrower than modesta

with a broad white band. Length, 4.5-5 mm.

Vertex broad and uniformly rounding, the margins parallel, in

chiricana and modesta the vertex is slightly produced. Elytra, in

shape and venation resembling chiricana, not as flaring or reticulate,

especially along costa, as in modesta. Color, pale smoky brown with

three pale areas as follows: The vertex, the apex of scutellum and

adjacent margins of the claval areas and a broad and definite ivory

band across the second cross nervure. There is also a triangular

subhyaline area extending in from the first and second apical cells

of the elytra. The vertex and face are creamy with the usual pale

markings. Three pairs of dark triangles and usually a pair of white

dots along the suture. The apical veinlets are fuscous and a smoky

cloud occupies the central apical cell.

Holotype, female, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, June 22,

1930, allotype, male, the same locality in July and five female

paratypes taken by the writer from these mountains June to Sep-

tember. This species approaches turbinata in the banded effect,

but is easily separated by the triple banding and the short vertex.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

A NEW ^OLOTHRIPS FROM NEVADA WITH

NOTES ON THREE OTHER SPECIES

FOUND IN CALIFORNIA

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

Aeolothrips aureus, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Color bright golden yellow, including legs, with

head and thorax orange yellow, extreme tip of abdomen brownish

and hind tibiae brownish in the middle. Antennal segments one to

three yellowish, two slightly darker, three brown at extreme tip,

four brownish yellow shading darker in outer third, five to nine

brown. Fore wings with two irregular, light brown cross bands,

otherwise clear yellow. Hind wings without transparent bands.

Crescents of ocelli reddish orange. Prominent spines at tip of

abdomen dark brown.

Measurements: Total body length 1.7 mm.; head, length .16 mm.;

width .20 mm.; prothorax, length .15 mm., width .26 mm. Segments

of antennae: length (width) I, 23 (36); II, 50 (28); III, 100 (26);

IV, 70 (23); V, 66 (23); VI, 20 (20); VII-IX, 48 microns; total

length, 382 microns.

Head and thorax without conspicuous spines or markings. Ocelli

well developed. Antennal segments seven to nine subequal and

together with six about as long as segment four. Anterior longi-

tudinal vein of fore wing with thirty-two and hind vein with twenty-

five regularly placed extremely small transparent setae. The only

prominent body spines are found at tip of abdomen.

Male allotype: Colored as in the female but with fifth antennal

segment lighter in basal half, also with a dark brown spot in the

middle of eighth abdominal segment and the median portions of

ninth and tenth brownish. The clasping organs on segment nine

dark brown. Prominent terminal spines brownish yellow.

Measurements: Total body length 1.3 mm. Segments of antennae:

length, I, 16; II, 46; III, 86; IV, 56; V, 56; VI, 20; VII-IX, 48

microns; total length, 338 microns.

This species belongs in the fasciatus group of the genus

which has two distinct cross bands on the fore wings and is

most closely related to gloriosus Bagnall, but is readily distin-

guished by its larger size and different coloration. The ninth

and tenth abdominal segments and eighth tergite are entirely

black in gloriosus and the distal portions of antennae are black.

January, 1931] moulton — ^olothrips

123

Type material: Female holotype; male allotype; twenty-

nine female and eight male paratypes taken in the flowers of

a composite, April 8, 1930, by Professor E, O. Essig (M. No.

4178). Types in author’s collection and at the University of

California, Berkeley, California.

Type locality: Las Vegas, Nevada.

Cryptothrips rectangularis Hood

Mr. A. T. McClay of the University of California has

reported finding many black thrips with their red-colored larvee

in the burrows of a Scolytid beetle, Micraces hirtellus, Lee.,

the lead cable borer, in a dead Linden tree on the Berkeley

campus. Collections were made when they were first observed

in November, 1929. The tree was subsequently cut up and

held for observation of the beetles. Mr. Steinweden with Mr.

McClay examined the burrows again in May, 1930, and found

that all of the thrips were gone, giving evidence that they had

only been hibernating in the burrows. The November collec-

tions included two species, Cryptothrips rectangularis Hood

and Doccessissophothrips animus Moulton. C. rectangularis

Hood, was first found under the dead bark of peach trees at

Urbana, Illinois, and later one specimen was taken by Dr. H. E.

Burke under bark at West Yellowstone, Colorado. Mr.

McClay’s observations now extend the habitat of this insect to

California (Moulton, No. 3882).

Docessissophothrips animus Moulton

Four specimens of this insect were collected in the same

burrows with C. rectangularis Hood. Three other specimens

have been known up to the present time, one taken by sweeping

nettles at Mountain View, California, and two from Corvallis,

Oregon (Moulton, No. 3882).

PcECILOTHRIPS ORNATUS Hood

This species was originally taken from under bark of a

red-oak tree in Washington, D. C., and later on hickory trees

at Harrisburg, Penn., and Macedon, New York. Professor

E. O. Essig recently found both adults and larvae of this insect

under bark of a live oak tree on the Berkeley campus, which

extends its habitat to California (Moulton, No. 4236).

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

A LIST OF THE PENTATOMID^ OF ZION

NATIONAL PARK, UTAH

BY LOWELL A. WOODBURY

University of Utah

I was enabled to make this study through the courtesy of

Mr. A. M. Woodbury, the Park naturalist, who has very gener-

ously made the Park collection of Hemiptera available to me

for study. Dr. V. M. Tanner of the Brigham Young Uni-

versity has also very kindly loaned me several rare specimens

from this locality.

To Dr. R. V. Chamberlin I am indebted for aid and for

many valuable suggestions in preparing this list.

Mr. W. L. McAtee of the United States Biological Survey

and Mr. Robert L. Usinger of Oakland, California, have very

kindly checked or identified most of the material herein listed.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee very generously checked the determi-

nation of Brochymena hoppingi Van Duzee.

Unless otherwise noted, Mr. A. M, Woodbury is the col-

lector of all specimens recorded.

"''^Brochymena hoppingi \^an Duzee. One female specimen

collected May 17, 1922, by V. M. Tanner.

^Brochymena sulcata Van Duzee. Quite common. Col-

lected at various times of the year. Hibernates under the dead

bark of cottonwood trees in this locality.

Peribalus ahhreviatus Uhler. Very rare.

Peribalus limbolarius Stab Quite common. In the speci-

mens before me the color varies from a dark form tinged with

black through one somewhat rufous to a very pale form.

Rhytidoloma faceta (Say). This has never been collected

in Zion National Park, but occurs in the same general region

at St. George, Utah, and should be found there.

Chlorochroa sayi Stab This pretty little bug, which is quite

common in this locality, varies a great deal in color pattern,

from a very profuse to an almost obsolete white spotting on the

January, 1931] woodbury — pentatomid^

125

hemelytra. The membrane at times assumes a purple tinge.

I also have a specimen of this from Bryce Canyon, National

Park, Utah, collected by V. M. Tanner.

Carpocoris remotus Horv. One specimen from this locality.

Quite rare.

*Euchistus inflatus Van Duzee. Fairly common.

^Menecles incertus (Say). Very rare. I have one speci-

men from this locality and one from St. George, Utah.

"^'Thyanta perditor (Fabr.). Quite common. The pronotal

band is lacking in all specimens from this locality and the

color of the sides of the prothorax, the humeral spines, and

the tip of the scutellum vary in color from green to deep red.

The general color of the individuals as a whole varies from a

light green through a blue green to a deep green. One speci-

men is a straw yellow.

Thyanta custator (Fabr.). Very common. I have swept

this bug quite commonly from Nightshade {Solanum nigrum)

during July and August. The color pattern varies much the

same as in perditor, but the pronotal band varies from obsolete

to very prominent.

Aero sternum hilaris (Say). I swept one specimen of this

species from the Large-toothed Maple (Acer grandidentatum)

at the Narrows of this Park on April 24, 1930.

Banasa dimidiata (Say). Fairly common.

^Banasa euchlora Stal. Rare. I have also collected this

species at Pipe Springs, Arizona, about ten miles from the

Utah-Arizona boundary, but in the same general region.

Dendrocoris contaminatus (Uhler). One specimen col-

lected May 17, 1922, by V. M. Tanner.

Perillus bioculatus (Fabr.). Occurs at St. George, Utah.

Not collected in Zion, but may be there.

^Podisus maculiventris (Say). The specimens of this spe-

cies from this locality range from a light brown to a very dark

color. In some of the specimens the ventral line of spots on

the abdomen and the spots on the femur are partially or entirely

obsolete.

Zicrona ccerulea Linn. Very rare.

• Species not listed from Utah in Van Duzee’s catalogne.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

TWO NEW SPECIES OF BARK BEETLES OF THE

GENUS PHLCEOSINUS CHAPUIS

(Coleoptera, Scolytidas)

BY C. R. BRUCK

Berkeley, California

While critically studying the bark beetles of western North

America, I have noted that two of the species in the genus

Phloeosinus were new. As the members of this genus are of

considerable economic importance, I feel that these should be

made known as soon as possible.

PhlcEosinus variolatus Bruck, n. sp.

Large, 2.5-4 mm. long, robust, dark reddish brown to black

species. Head with front granulate-punctate, a deep median con-

cavity surrounded by pubescence in the male, the depression shallow

in the female and with sparse pubescence, the carina short, extend-

ing longitudinally beyond the median area of the concavity, with a

short tubercular elevation at the base of the carina; antennal club

twice as long as wide, the sutures moderately oblique; eyes strongly

margined. Prothorax wider than long, densely, moderately coarsely

punctate and somewhat pubescent, sides arcuate, very slightly sinu-

ate anteriorly, base broad. Elytra longer than wide, striae wider

than intervals and grossly, variolately punctured, the intervals shin-

ing, slightly rugose and with a double row of small alternating

punctures, with a hair arising from each puncture; first, third, fifth,

seventh and ninth intervals uniseriately serrate, serrations of first

interval just attaining the crest of the declivity in the male and the

apex of the elytra in the female, face of the declivity in the former

flat with sparse scale-like pubescence, first interval greatly widened,

shining, transversely rugose, second much narrowed, with scale-like

pubescence, third densely serrate with large serrations, fourth much

narrowed with scale-like pubescence and met by the sparsely, moder-

ately serrated fifth, seventh and ninth intervals and the shining and

narrowed sixth and eighth intervals. The striae of the declivity are

much narrower than on the disk and the punctures greatly reduced

in size. Beneath rather densely clothed with long pile.

The female, as indicate above, has the front less pubescent and

less concave than the male and the serrations of the first elytral

interval attain the apex. In addition the first, third, fifth, seventh

and ninth intervals are uniseriately serrate, the first and third with

the serrations numerous and of moderate size and globular, the fifth,

seventh and ninth more sparsely serrate, with the serrations smaller.

January, 1931] bruck — new phlceosinus

127

the even intervals have a few minute tubercles as far as the declivity,

the fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth intervals meet the fourth, and the

flatter portions of the declivity are densely clothed with a scale-like

pubescence.

This large species is one of the most distinct because of

the gross strial punctuation. It would follow cupressi Hopk.

in Swaine’s ^ key.

Holotype No. 2993, allotype No. 2994, Mus. Calif. Acad.

Sci., and a number of designated paratypes, collected on Mount

St. Helena, California, February 29, 1931, by E. F. Wohletz

and myself, from beneath the bark of dead Sargent Cypress,

Cupressus sargenti Jepson. A pair of paratypes will be sent

to Dr. Swaine for the Canadian National Museum, one pair

placed in the collection of Dr. Van Dyke, deposited in the

California Academy of Sciences, one pair in the collection of

Mr. Wohletz and the remainder in my own collection. A very

long series of specimens has been studied, three in the col-

lection of the California Academy of Sciences, taken by Mr.

E. P. Van Duzee, October 31, 1923, others by Mr. Wohletz

and myself from Mount St. Helena, and a long series taken on

Mount St. Helena and on Cedar Ridge, Alameda County,

California.

Phlceosinus aciculatus Bruck, n. sp.

Of moderate size, 2.0-3 mm. in length, slender, black with

elytra generally reddish brown.

Head, male: Front densely punctate-granulate and shallowly

impressed or almost flat; female with front convex, sparsely pubes-

cent and with a few long hairs at the epistomal margin, the frontal

Carina in male barely visible at the middle of the impressed area,

obliterated in the female; eyes strongly margined; antennal club

twice as long as wide, the sutures slightly oblique. Prothorax some-

what wider than long, base broad and bisinuate, sides arcuate, sinu-

ate anteriorly, disk densely, moderately coarsely punctate and some-

what pubescent. Elytra longer than wide, striae deep and well

defined laterally, less defined on the disk; the intervals, on the con-

trary, wide and distinctly aciculate on the disk and less aciculate on

the sides; striae sparsely, finely punctate, the punctures deeper on

the sides than on the disk, first interval but slightly wider than the

1 Canadian Bark Beetles, Pt. II, by J. M. Swaine, Bull. 14, Ent. Br.,

Dept. Agr., Ottawa, Canada, p. 69, 1918.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

discal striae, the others quite wide; pubescence moderate and short;

declivity on the male smooth and shining; interspaces uniformly

wide, first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth uniseriately serrate; the

serrations of the first are few, distant and acute, of the third, smaller,

more numerous, closer and acute, of the fifth, seventh and ninth,

still more reduced in size and number and less acute; declivity in

the female with scale-like pubescence, first interval with a row of

moderately large, widely spaced and acute serrations, also a second-

ary series of very small serrations, more or less limited to the crest

of the declivity, the second interval with fewer, smaller and more

widely spaced acute serrations arranged uniseriately, the third with

a greater number of closely spaced acute serrations, smaller than

those of the first but equal to those of the second interval and uni-

seriately arranged; fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth with a few,

small, widely spaced and acute serrations arranged uniseriately,

those of the fourth with the aciculations somewhat more prominent

at the crest. Legs and underside of body densely clothed with short

pubescence.

The female, as indicated above, has the front convex, the declivity

clothed with scale-like pubescence, the serrations decidedly smaller,

more numerous; each interspace provided with some serrations, none

being smooth, the first having a few smaller serrations at the side

of the larger ones at the crest of the declivity and, as in the male,

the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth meet the fourth.

This moderately sized species is most distinct because of

the densely aciculated disk and the general aciculations of the

sides, the smooth declivity of the male, and the pubescence of

the legs and ventral surface. It would follow juniperi Sw. in

Swaine’s ^ key.

Holotype, No. 2995, and allotype. No. 2996, Mus. Calif.

Acad. Sci., and a number of designated paratypes, collected in

the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, August 8,

1916, by V. W. Owen, probably from juniper. A pair of para-

types will be sent to Dr. Swaine for the Canadian National

museum, a pair in my collection and the remainder in the col-

lection of Dr. Van Dyke, deposited in the California Academy

of Sciences. A series of twenty-four specimens have been

studied, all from the collection of Dr. Van Dyke, taken by

V. W, Owen.

2 Canadian Bark Beetles, Pt. II, by J. M. Swaine, Bull. 14, Ent. Br.,

Dept. Agr., Ottawa, Canada, p. 69, 1918.

January, 1931] usinger — new platylygus

129

A NEW SPECIES OF PLATYLYGUS

(Miridas, Hemiptera)

BY R. L. USINGER

Oakland, California

The species herein described was taken by the author while

collecting in the National Parks of the western United States

during the summer of 1930. The utmost cooperation was

received in all of the parks and a keen interest was shown in

the subject of entomology. For the holotype from the col-

lection of the California Academy of Sciences I am indebted

to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee after whom the species is named in

appreciation of the patience and help he has shown me in the

study of Hemiptera. The reader is referred to a paper by

H. H. Knight ^ for a discussion of the species of this genus and

illustrations of the genitalia.

Platylygus vanduzeei Usinger, n. sp.

Differs from the other species of this genus by its lighter

color ; flavo-testaceous, marked with rufous on the head, cal-

losities, and cuneus, and fuscous on the pronotum and elytra.

Scutellum yellow, the base and apex yellowish white. Male

genital clasper and chitinous tip of the oedeagus distinctive of

the species.

Male. Length, 7 mm. Head more nearly verti-

cal than in P. grandis Kngt. ; clypeus 'with tviro

longitudinal fuscous vittae; front strongly convex

as contrasted with grandis where it is somewhat

flattened; anterior portion very broad at base

with the cheeks rectilinear or nearly so, the

cheeks distinctly arcuate in grandis forming an

anterior lobe. Oblique striations tinged with

rufous; longitudinal sulcus obscure or wanting, the area flattened

with the oblique striations arising from it. Pronotum with the

anterior median triangular spot extending between the callosities,

and lateral angles fuscous; a posterior median area extending from

near the lateral angles to the posterior joining of the callosities

fulvous-brown, with a narrow longitudinal median pale line. The

rest of the pronotum, including the callosities, yellow; the callosi-

ties large, contiguous, attaining the anterior margin, polished, marked

with irregular rufous lines. Lateral margins evidently sinuate; recti-

linear or slightly arcuate in grandis. Posterior lobe of the scutellum

with the base and apex yellowish white; median portion flecked with

A, left clasper, dorsal

aspect; B, chitinous tip

of cedeagus.

1 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Vol. XIII, p. 16, 1918.

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

rufous. Hemelytra flavo-testaceous ; clavus infuscated near the apex

of the scutellum; corium with a broad maculate area at middle,

extending toward the apex, fuscous; embolium translucent and

immaculate; cuneus in great part sanguineous. Second segment of

the antennae becoming fulvous apically, third fulvous to fuscous,

fourth entirely fuscous. Rostrum almost attaining the hind margin

of the intermediate coxae; surpassing the middle of the posterior

coxae in grandis. Venter yellow with the sides of the ventral seg-

ments tinged with sanguineous; the genital segment with a reddish

brown, basal triangular mark either side of the middle. Femora

flecked with rufous.

Female uniformly lighter, the black markings of the pronotum

less conspicuous and the oblique markings of the corium confined to

a smaller area. Rostrum almost attaining the hind margin of the

posterior coxae; distinctly surpassing the posterior coxae in grandis.

Holotype^ male. No. 2997, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sciences, col-

lected by C. D. Duncan, June 17, 1921, at the Grand Canyon,

Arizona, and allotype, female. No. 2998, Mus. Calif. Acad.

Sciences, collected by the author in Grand Canyon National

Park, Arizona, South Rim, June 29, 1930. Paratypes, twelve

females taken at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, July '6,

1930, by the author.

Butterflies of Los Angeles County

It is a pleasure to record the appearance of Mr. Gunder’s

list of the “Butterflies of Los Angeles County, California.^

This list enumerates 178 forms, representing 123 recognized

species, the remaining 55 being subspecies (here termed races),

transitional, seasonal or sexual forms or hybrids. Mr. Gunder

has worked out the complicated relationship of these various

categories as well as can be done with our present knowledge

of that fauna. A perusal of this list would be of interest to

anyone studying intraspecific variation. In this paper Mr.

Gunder does not recognize aberrations. Probably he has placed

the significant among these in other categories to which he has

assigned them. This list, with that by Mr. W. S. Wright ^ on

the “Butterflies of San Diego County,” gives a very complete

insight into the butterfly fauna of coastal southern California. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

1 Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, XXIX,

pp. 39-95, August 1930.

2 Trans. San Diego Soc. of Natural Hist., VI, pp. 1-40.

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

131

CHERMID^ FROM UTAH, NEVADA, AND ARIZONA,

INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES

(Homoptera)

BY F. D. KLYVER

San Mateo Junior College, San Mateo, California

The specimens on which the following article is based were

collected by Mr. E, W. Davis, United States Bureau of Ento-

mology, Richfield, Utah, and were received through the cour-

tesy of Mr. P. N. Annand, Sugar Beet Insect Investigations,

United States Bureau of Entomology.

Incidental to other work being carried on by Mr. Davis

fifty-five separate collections were made by sweeping twenty-

three species of host plants^ in southern Nevada, southwestern

Utah, and northwestern Arizona between April 20 and June 21,

1930,. The entire collection includes approximately twelve hun-

dred specimens representing four of the six subfamilies recog-

nized by Crawford: namely, the Liviinas, Pauropsyllinae, Trio-

zinae, and Psyllinae. Three of the fourteen species represented

are apparently undescribed and three of them are here undeter-

minable because of insufficient and fragmentary material.

One or more slide mounts of cleared and stained specimens

have been prepared for each species represented. In several

instances where the material was limited my preference has

been to mount the available material on slides for detailed study

with the compound microscope rather than to rely on un-

mounted specimens in making determinations. For most of the

species specimens for making other mounts are available.

The writer has undertaken an extensive study of the Cher-

midai and is interested in receiving specimens from any part

of the worM for identification. With few exceptions the imma-

ture stages of the Chermidae are little known. Material includ-

ing nymphs and a sufficient number of adults to establish the

identity of the immature stages will be especially appreciated.

Types of the new species are in the author’s collection.

1 A statement of the writer’s viewpoint relative to the host plants of

the chermids and an evaluation of the several methods of collecting’

commonly employed will be found elsewhere (1930, Klyver, F. D., Notes

on the Chermidss. Part I. Canadian Entomologist, 62:167-168).

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Subfamily Liviin^

Genus Aphalara Forster

Crawford’s opinion that this genus contains a large number

of closely related and probably intergrading species is sub-

stantiated by my observations on numerous specimens included

in the collection. My observations, furthermore, confirm his

statement that the size and color of the body, the presence,

absence or degree of maculation or coloration of the fore wing,

and the size of the genital segments are subject to considerable

variation even within single species. On the other hand, my

specimens definitely indicate that there are other characters,

usually disclosed only in properly cleared, stained, and 'mounted

specimens studied with the compound microscope, which are

more significant and of greater utility in separating the species

than are the admittedly variable characters mentioned above.

These other characters are: (1) the morphology of the fore-

wing and hind wind, that is, the character of the wing mem-

brane, the presence or absence and distribution of setae, punc-

tations and alar radulae,^ and the character of the venation of

the hind wing; (2) the shape or form and detailed structure

of both the male and female genital segments; (3) the com-

parative size of the anal valve or proctiger and the forceps

or claspers of the male; (4) the shape or form of both the

proctiger and the claspers of the male; and (5) the presence

or absence of, the exact form of, and the location or distribu-

tion of the various types of setae, spines, hooks, and chitinized

ridges or folds that characterize the male and female genitalia

in this group. In addition to these characters the ovipositor

of the female is itself frequently distinctive.

Relying chiefly on these latter characters, the numerous

specimens at hand, obviously agreeing very well with the char-

acters of the genus Aphalara, have been assigned to eight

species. One of these, Aphalara pulchella Crawford, is appar-

ently subject to few variations and is easily recognized. An-

2 Ferris, G. P., and Klyver, P. D. Report Upon a Collection of Cher-

midse (Homoptera) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Tech-

nology. In press.

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

133

other species, A. suaedcB Crawford, is, on the other hand,

apparently subject to wide and significant variations. It is of

special interest here because of the bearing my observations

have on the group of species centering around A. artemisicB

Forster, Two apparently undescribed species of this genus

which are represented by sufficient material are here described

as new.

Aphalara suaed^ Crawford

Fig. 1, A, B, C, D, H

1914, Aphalara suaedce Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:31; fig.

Specimens. Over 350 adult males and females and three last-stage

nymphs from Dondia nigra (Raf.), Overton, Nevada, May 2, 1930

(311^); nine males and females from the same host. Las Vegas,

Nevada, May 2, 1930 (316); three males from the same host. Las

Vegas, Nevada, May 3, 1930 (322); many males and females from

the same host, Glendale, Nevada, May 2, 1930 (303); three females

from Covillea tridentata (D. C.), St. Thomas, Utah, May 2, 1930

(309); one male from Atriplex hastata L., Logandale, Nevada, May 2,

1930 (304).

Length to tip of folded wing, 1. 6-2.2 mm.; length of body

mounted on slide, 2.5 mm.; length of fore wing, 1.4-1. 8 mm.; width

of fore wing, .6-. 8 mm.; width of head, .5-. 75 mm.

Comparisons of specimens of this long series with many

specimens taken by the writer from Suaeda moquini Greene,

east of Altamont Pass, Alameda County, California, and from

the same host at several localities in the San Joaquin Valley,

California, point to their being identical. The fact that the

three nymphs listed above are also apparently identical with

numerous fifth-stage nymphs taken in the Altamont Pass col-

lections, together with the rest of the life history of the species,

is further and conclusive proof of the identity of the specimens

in the Davis collection.

It is exceedingly interesting, furthermore, that the numer-

ous specimens before me apparently include all of the variations

on which have been based the descriptions of several sup-

posedly distinct species. Certainly the color variations given by

Crawford for Aphalara artemisice Forster, A. angustipennis

Crawford, A. viridis Crawford, A. pinicola Crawford, and

3 Unless otherwise specified the numbers in parentheses are the col-

lection numbers of E. W. Davis.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

A. suaedcB Crawford are found in these specimens. Further-

more, with the exception of those for A. angustipennis, the

measurements derived from these specimens might apply to any

of the species here listed. Except for some variations in size,

and this means gross size, the genitalia are said by Crawford

to be similar for all of these species. This is a further indi-

cation of the possibility that the species are identical, since the

genitalia, most frequently those of the male, are the most reli-

able single character separating the closely related species of

this genus. From careful study of my specimens, both mounted

and unmounted, and from Crawford’s descriptions, I regard

it as entirely probable that A. viridis Crawford, A. pinicola

Crawford, and A. suaedcE Crawford are the same species.

A. angustipennis Crawford may be a distinct but very closely

related species, and A. artemisice Forster is probably a different

but similarly a closely related species.

Aphalara pulchella Crawford

1911, Afhalara pulchella Crawford. Pomona Journ. Ent., 3:480.

Specimens. One female fromDipetalia linifolia (Vahl), Las Vegas,

Nevada, May 3, 1930 (323); and two males and one female from

Salsola pestifer A. Nels., St. George, Utah, May 17, 1930 (360).

These specimens are in general agreement with the descrip-

tion of the species except for the dimensions of the female

genitalia. The measurements- of the two females at hand, both

of which are mounted on slides, are .3 mm. and .35 mm. for

the genital segments, .5 mm. and .6 mm. for the abdomens.

In other words, the genital segment is scarcely one-half as long

as the rest of the abdomen when the measurements are taken

from specimens with the abdomen expanded instead of from

specimens that have dried and hence shrunken.

Aphalara gutierreziae Klyver, n. sp.

Fig. 1, P

Specimens. Forty-four males and females from Gutierrezia saro-

thrce (Pursh), Las Vegas, Nevada, April 20, 1930 (228); thirty-seven

males and females from the same host. Las Vegas, Nevada, May 3,

1930 (328); six females from the same host, Glendale, Nevada,

May 18, 1930 (408); and, one male and one female from Gutierrezia

lucida Greene, St. George, Utah, May 1, 1930 (292).

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

135

Types. Holotype, male, FK 224.1.1 $, from Gutierrezia

sarothra (Pursh), Las Vegas, Nevada, May 3, 1930 (328) ;

allotype, female, FK 224.2.1 $ .

Adult. Length to tip of folded wing, 2. 2-2. 5 mm.; length of body

mounted on slide, 1.5-1. 7 mm.; fore wing, 2. 0-2. 2 mm,; width of fore

wing, .75-. 8 mm,; width of head, .5-. 6 mm. General color of all

males at hand (twenty-one males) very constant; head and thorax

black including eyes and antennge, legs and abdomen green, fore

wings very light brown with the veins darker brown, especially

toward the apex. General color of the females slightly more vari-

able; general green color with yellowish or light brown markings to

a general light brown color throughout, wings with membrane light

brown to darker brown with faint brown spots over the apical two-

thirds, veins distinctly brown; tip of abdomen dark brown. Charac-

ters of the genus well developed.

Head slightly wider than prothorax, scarcely deflexed. Antennse

ten-segmented; one-fourth longer than width of head.

Thorax distinctly arched; the dorsum scarcely or very slightly

pubescent, with very fine hair-like setae. Posterior tibia with eight

black teeth at the apex; two rather small claws on the basal tarsus

of the hind legs. Anterior wings hyaline to very slightly opaque,

somewhat fumate in the apical portion and faintly spotted apically,

the veins usually distinctly brown; shape and venation very similar

to that of A. •veaziei Patch. Posterior wing very delicate in texture,

beset throughout with very small punctations, the venation scarcely

discernible, developed as irregular rows of minute punctations.

Abdomen with the plates moderately chitinized. Genitalia of the

male (Fig. 1, P) relatively large; the “body”^ of the proctiger being

about equal to its vertical length (/>), the length of the lobes (/)

slightly greater than p, the lobes wide at the base and subacute at

the apex, being distinctly expanded dorsad in lateral aspect. Female

genitalia very similar to those of A. suaeda Crawford in every

respect except for their slightly smaller size.

Nymph. Unknown.

Aphalara minutistylus Klyver, n. sp.

Fig. 1, G, L, M, N, O, I

Specimens. More than two hundred males and females from

Artemisia filifolia Torr., St. George, Utah, April 21, 1930 (264).

4 The comparative measurements here indicated are taken as shown

in Fig. 1, H and I; “p” is the greatest vertical length of the proctiger;

“b” is the length of the “body” of the proctiger; and “1” is the length of

the lobe of the proctiger measured from the posterior extremity of “b.”

The value of these comparative dimensions is apparent from a con-

sideration of their application to the two proctigers illustrated.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Types. Holotype, female, FK 227.1.1 $ , from Artemisia

filifolia Torr., St. George, Utah, April 21, 1930 (264) ; allo-

type, male, FK 227.1.1 $ .

Adult. Length to tip of folded wing: male 2.0 mm., female 2.5

mm.; length of body on slide: male 2.5 mm., female 2.6 mm.; length

of fore wing: male 1.5 mm., female 2.0 mm.; width of head: male

.5 mm., female .6 mm. General color of both males and females

green to pale yellowish brown throughout, with white to pale brown

markings on the thorax, apex of female genital segment very dark

brown to black. Antennae light colored with the tip slightly dark-

ened. Fore wings slightly opaque with numerous sharply delimited

dark brown spots, sometimes closely crowded on the apical third of

the wing. Characters of the genus well developed.

Head as wide as thorax; somewhat deflexed. Antennae ten^

segmented, the third segment as long as the first and second com-

bined; antennae slightly but distinctly longer than the width of the

head.

Thorax arched; without pubescence. Posterior tibia with five to

six large black teeth at apex; two claws on the basal tarsus. An-

terior wing (Fig. 1, L) slightly opaque, punctate over the entire

membrane, with many brown spots (Fig. 1, M) distributed irregu-

larly as shown in the figure; venation as shown in illustration. Pos-

terior wing rather large but exceedingly delicate in structure, beset

throughout with numerous very minute points, the venation scarcely

discernible, developed as rows of points that are hardly visible even

with the higher power of the microscope.

Abdomen with the dorsal plates somewhat more heavily chitin-

ized than the ventral. Genitalia of the male (Fig. 1, N, O) relatively

large; b of the proctiger very nearly equal to p, the lobes over one-

fourth longer than p, of uniform width in lateral view and broadly

rounded at the apex; the proctiger having two unusually large

heavily chitinized, and meso-dorsally directed hooks at the base of

the lobes; claspers distinctly longer than p. Genital segment of

female scarcely more than one-half the length of the rest of the

abdomen; the anterior half of the segment twice as thick as the

posterior half, this being easily seen even in unmounted specimens

studied with low magnifications (Fig. 1, G) ; the anterior half of the

dorsal valve bearing a number of large setae as illustrated; the apex

of the dorsal valve being roughened and heavily chitinized, the

ventral valve terminating in a strongly chitinized black apex.

Nymph. Unknown.

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

137

This species is evidently very closely similar to A. angusti-

pennis Crawford. It is here described as a new species because

of its smaller size; the different proportions of the fore wing;

and the distinctive character of the male and, especially, the

female genitalia. It differs in several important respects from

A. veaziei Patch. It is clearly different from A. veasiei met-

zaria Crawford on the basis of the male, but more importantly

the female genitalia, which are as distinctive or more so than

those of any species in this difficult group.

Aphalara spp.

Specimens. One female from Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Howell,

Ely, Nevada, May 19, 1930 (2531). One male from Chrysothamnus

speciosus Nutt., seventeen miles northwest of Milford, Utah, May 15,

1930 (2502). One female from Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt., Little-

field, Arizona, May 3, 1930 (342).

These three specimens are undeterminable without addi-

tional representation because of their somewhat fragmentary

condition. Each represents a species different from the species

in this and other collections of the writer.

Subgenus Anomocera Crawford

1914, Anomocera, Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:36-37.

This interesting group is represented by several specimens

in this collection. The antennae, upon casual observation, cer-

tainly appear to be but eight-segmented. The only perfect

antenna in my material is suggestive of two very short seg-

ments being fused to the eighth segment instead of only one

as indicated by Crawford.

Aphalara (Anomocera) minutissima Crawford

Fig. 1, J, K

1914, Aphalara (Anomocera) minutissima Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Bull. 85:37; figs.

Specimens. One female irom Dipetalia linifolia (Vahl), Las Vegas,

Nevada, May 3, 1930 (323); two males and seven females from

Artemisia filifolia Torr., St. George, Utah, April 21, 1930 (264).

Male genitalia with the proctiger of the general type repre-

sented by Aphalara suaedcs Crawford, but less robust, with the

lobes relatively longer and bearing a number of stout, sharply

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, VII, NO. 3

pointed setae; the claspers, as illustrated (Fig. 1, J, K), nearly

as long as the proctiger. Female genitalia similar to those of

A. suaedco Crawford, but somewhat larger, with the valves of

the ovipositor more than usually extended posteriorly.

Genus Aphalaroida Crawford

1914, Aphalaroida Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:38.

This very interesting genus is represented by a single

Fig. 1. Aphalara suaedce Crawford — A, detail of fore wing; B,

genitalia of male; C, inner face of clasper; D, genitalia of female;

H, proctiger, illustrating method of taking measurements. Psyllia

bre<viata Patch — E, male genitalia; F, inner face of clasper. Aphalara

minutistylus n. sp. — G, genitalia of female; L, fore wing; M, detail of

wing; N, genitalia of male; 0, inner face of clasper; I, proctiger.

Aphalara gutierrezia n. sp. — P, ‘outer and inner aspects of clasper of

male. Aphalara (Anomocera) minutissima Crawford — J, K, outer and

inner aspects of clasper of male.

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMIDJE

139

species and but a single, somewhat fragmentary male specimen.

All but the first and second antennal segments are wanting,

the posterior wings, and parts of all the legs except one pos-

terior leg, which is complete, are wanting.

In many respects the specimen at hand fits Crawford’s

description of Aphalaroida pithecolobia Crawford, the generic

type, particularly in the anterior wing form and in the male

genitalia. In other respects it is closely similar to A. inermis

Crawford, especially in wing coloration, which here seems

significant.

Aphalaroida intermedia Klyver, n. sp.

Fig. 2, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M

Specimen. A single male specimen from Covillea tridentata (D. C.),

St. Thomas, Nevada, May 18, 1930 (405).

Type. Holotype, male, FK 233.1.1 S , from Covillea U'iden-

tata (D. C.), St. Thomas, Nevada, May 18, 1930 (405),

Adult. Length of body on slide, 2.1 mm.; width of head, .5 mm.;

length of fore wing, 1.5 mm.; width of fore wing, .65 mm. General

color pale brown throughout. Wings semiopaque, light brown.

Head (Fig. 2, M) slightly wider than width, of thorax; eyes

prominent; antennae unknown; vertex and gense bearing many large,

blunt-ended setae, the genae bearing several other longer and sharply

pointed setae.

Thorax somewhat arched; the dorsum and the sides bearing

many large setae similar to those found elsewhere on the head, wings,

and ventral plates of the abdomen. Legs with many large, chiefly

sharply pointed setae; apex of posterior tibia (Fig. 2, F) with three

large black teeth mesally and a single large tooth and several large

pointed setae on the opposite side; basal tarsus with two relatively

large black claws. Anterior wing having shape and venation as

shown in illustration (Fig. 2, A); the wing membrane bearing large

setae similar to those found on the head, thorax, and ventral plates

of abdomen, and having an intricate system of markings as illus-

trated (Fig. 2, B), more or less punctate over the entire membrane;

five alar radulae developed extensively, but rather feebly, in the two

marginal cells, between and Ra, Ra and ^ and Mg ^ ^ and Cu^^

(Figs. 2, A, C). Posterior wing unknown.

Abdomen with the plates quite heavily chitinized; the dorsal

plates bearing an irregular row of small pointed setae along the

posterior margin; the ventral plates bearing many large setae of the

type found on the head, thorax, and fore wings, Male genitalia

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

(Fig. 2, D, E) moderate in size; the proctiger simple, somewhat

elongate; the claspers about half as long as the proctiger, sub-

rectangular in lateral aspect, the apex notched, the anterior process

short, broadly rounded, the posterior process flattened on top.

Female genitalia unknown.

Nymph. Unknown.

Aside from the difference in general proportions, differing

from A. pithecolobia Crawford, to which it is apparently

closely related, in the pronotum being distinctly arched; in the

anterior wing being conspicuously spotted, with the zving mem-

brane bearing relatively large setae, set biseriately with the veins

but always on the wing membrane at some distance from the

veins (Fig. 2, A, B, C, G). Similar to A. pithecolobia Craw-

ford in the proctiger of the male being considerably longer

than the claspers, the proctiger being relatively stout instead of

very long and slender as in that species.

The general appearance of the anterior wing is apparently

similar to that of A. inermis Crawford. On the other hand,

the specimen at hand differs from that species in the following

particulars : in the fore wing being relatively broader and less

rhomboidal ; in the white markings of the fore wing being

uniform in size and distributed over the entire wing surface;

in the presence of small white areas at the ends of Rg, Mi + 2 .

and M 3 + 4 , and Cui, and a small but very noticeable dark

brown spot at the end of Cu 2 (Fig. 2, A) ; and in the ptero-

stigmal vein (Ri) being more complete, delimiting a longer

pterostigmal area.

Subfamily Pauropsyllinaj:

Genus Heteropsylla Grawford

1914, Heteropsylla Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:44.

This genus is represented by over three hundred adult

specimens of Heteropsylla texana Grawford, the type of the

genus, and by two last-stage nymphs of this species.

Heteropsylla texana Grawford

Fig. 2, N

Specimens. More than three hundred adult males and females

and two last-stage nymphs from Prosopis glandulosa Torr., Overton,

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

141

Nevada, May 2, 1930 (315); and, adults only, from Artemisia dracun-

culoides Pursh, St. George, Utah, May 3, 1930 (347); from Sophia

pinnata (Walt.) Howell, Ely, Nevada, May 19, 1930 (2530); from

Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Glendale, Nevada, May 3, 1930

(338); from Gorton longipes Jones, Littlefield., Arizona, May 3, 1930

(340) ; from Covillea tridenfata (D. C.), Littlefield, Arizona, May 3,

1930 (344); and from Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt., Littlefield, Ari-

zona, May 3, 1930 (342).

In all of the more important characters my specimens agree

very closely with Crawford’s description of the species. In

coloration they differ considerably, there being a predominance

of bright green color in the abdomen and frequently over the

entire body in the long series of specimens before me. In

several instances of specimens with the head, thorax, and the

dorsum of the abdomen nearly black the abdomen is dark, yet

distinctly green on the ventral side.

Aside from the coloration the morphology of the fore and

hind wings is noteworthy. The membrane of the anterior wing

is covered with small points, the alar radulae being feebly

developed in the two marginal cells and between Ms + 4 and Cui ;

the veins bearing small setae; and the pterostygma is thickened

and beset with numerous punctations. The posterior wing is

exceedingly delicate in texture, the venation being scarcely dis-

cernible with the compound microscope, consisting of a series

of minute punctations arranged in two rows ; the antero-

proximal margin bearing a number of relatively large, stout,

setae.

The claspers of the male are deeply notched at the apex,

with the posterior process somewhat longer than the anterior,

as described by Crawford, but neither is, strictly speaking,

acute at the apex (Fig. 2, N). The anterior process is roundly

pointed ; the posterior process is flattened at the apex and has a

small antero-mesally directed hook as shown in the illustration.

Nymph. The immature stage in my material will be de-

scribed in the series of short papers by the writer devoted to

the descriptions of the immature stages of generic types and

others of special interest.®

5 1930, Notes on the Chermidae. Part I. Can. Bnt., 62:167-175; pi. 14;

1930, Part II. Ibid. In press.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 3

Subfamily Triozin.<e

Genus Paratrioza Crawford

This genus is represented by one commonly known species.

The information here given extends the description by Craw-

ford in several important details.

Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc.

Fig. 2. H, I, J

1909, Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc. Acta Soc. Ent. Bohemiae, 6:102-109.

1914, Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc. Crawford, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.

85:71-72; figs.

Fig-. 2. Aphalaroida intermedia n. sp. — A, fore wing; B, detail of

wing membrane; C, alar radulse; D, genitalia of male; E, inner face

of clasper; F, inner and outer aspects of apex of posterior tibia; G,

seta of wing membrane; M, head. Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc — H, I,

and J, distal ends of fourth, sixth, and eighth antennal segments,

respectively. Trioza lobata Crawford — K, genitalia of male; L, inner

face of clasper. Heteropsylla texana Crawford — N, outer and inner

aspects of clasper of male. Psyllia minuta Crawford — 0, genitalia of

female; P, outer and inner aspects of clasper of male.

January, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

143

Specimens. Numerous males and females; from Covillea triden-

tata (D. C.), Glendale, Nevada, April 20, 1930, May 3, 1930 (242;

332, '330); from Erigonum trichopes Torr., Glendale, Nevada, May 3,

1930 (331); from Chrysothamnus paniculatus (A. Gray), Glendale,

Nevada, May 3, 1930 (333); from Hymenoclea salsola Torr. and Gray,

Las Vegas, Nevada, April 20, 1930 (219); from Norta altissima (L.)

Britton, Milford, Utah, May 20, 1930 (2557); from Chrysothamnus

speciosus Nutt, St. George, Utah, May 1, 1930 (282); from Lepidium

scopularum Jones, Garrison, Nevada, May 15, 1930 (2509); from the

same host, Tonopah, Nevada, May 18, 1930 (2525, 2526); and from

Sophia pimiata (Walt.), Ely, Nevada, May 19, 1930 (2528, 2530, 2531).

Observations with the compound microscope (100 x and

440 x) reveal the very interesting and unusual structure on

antennal segment four which has been mentioned by Crawford.

In addition to the one on this segment, however, similar though

smaller structures are found on segments six and eight as illus-

trated in Fig. 2, H, I, J.

The posterior wing of this species, hitherto undescribed, is

very thin, transparent, and delicately membraneous with the

venation obscure, the veins present as a single row of minute,

rather widely spaced punctations, the membrane covered

throughout with exceedingly fine punctations.

Trioza lobata Crawford

Fig. 2, K, L

1914, Trioza lobata Crawford. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:86-87; figs.

Specimen. One adult male from Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt.,

Panaca, Nevada, May 19, 1930 (2538).

This species is represented by a single imperfect specimen,

of which the antennae are wanting. There can, however, be

no question as to its identity because of the distinctive anterior

wings and other characters.

The alar radulae of the anterior wings are moderately de-

veloped in the two marginal cells and between M and Cuj.

Posterior wings relatively large, very thin and membraneous,

with the venation weakly developed as irregularly set single

and double rows of punctations, and with the general surface

of the membrane beset with minute points arranged in circles

of varying sizes suggesting lacework.

Male genitalia (Fig. 2, K, L) as described by Crawford.

His figures of the genitalia lack definiteness and clearness.

(To be Continued)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

Editorial Comment

In a review of Dr. Howard’s very interesting and valuable

work, A History of Applied Entomology, recently published

as Volume 84 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections/

Professor Cockerell has called attention to the disproportionate

emphasis heretofore placed upon the purely economic side of

the entomological activities of the United States Government.

I say “heretofore” advisedly, as there recently have appeared

indications of a more suitable recognition of the importance

of purely systematic work in the management of the National

Museum and of the Bureau of Entomology. Speaking of the

prompt and efficient help he had received from the Imperial

Institute of Entomology at London, in the determination of

certain oriental material. Professor Cockerell says “this work

could not have been done in America, or could only have been

done with extreme difficulty. The United States National

Museum has not yet accepted its responsibility for the develop-

ment of an adequate collection of the insects of the world.”

Again he says : “It is at this point that we sense the weakest

aspect of modern American entomology. There are in Wash-

ington and in the experiment stations and universities many

capable workers. But as a general thing they are intellectually

dissipated by a multiplicity of duties. They may be well paid

and not overworked, but they cannot concentrate on compre-

hensive research.” This is essentially true of every scientific

institution I know in this country. The available material may

be ample, but the staff of specialists is pitifully small and

entirely inadequate to study this material and to make it avail-

able through the publication of monographs or the determi-

nation of species for those to whom determinations are impor-

tant. Professor Cockerell’s review should be read by all those

responsible for shaping the policies of our scientific institu-

tions. — E. P. Van Duzee.

1 Science for February, 1931.

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

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Vol. VII

No. 4

April, 1931

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Publbhed by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

THORPE, MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS OF INSECTS INHABITING THE SALINE

WATERS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT REGIONS 145

FALL, A NEW GYRINUS FROM CALIFORNIA, WITH REFERENCES TO OTHER

RECENTLY DESCRIBED SPECIES 154

KLYVER, CHERMID.® FROM UTAH, NEVADA, AND ARIZONA, INCLUDING

THREE NEW SPECIES (CONCLUDED) 157

LAWSON, THE GENUS XEROPHLCEA IN NORTH AMERICA 159

HOOD, SYNONYMS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN THYSANOPTERA .... 170

MOULTON, AN INTERESTING NEW CALIFORNIA THRIPS 173

BAILEY, A THRIPS NEW TO CALIFORNIA 175

FENDER, BUTTERFLIES OF YAMHILL COUNTY, OREGON . 179

BARRETT, A NEW BRACHYTARSUS FROM CALIFORNIA 188

CHAMBERLIN, ON THREE NEW CHILOPODS 189

EDITORIAL COMMENT 192

INDEX TO VOLUME VII 193

San FranciscO) California

1931

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VII, No. 4

April, 1931

MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS OF INSECTS

INHABITING THE SALINE WATERS

OF THE CALIFORNIAN DESERT

REGIONS

BY W. H. THORPE, PH. D., M. A.

Imperial Institute of Entomology

The insect fauna of brackish waters of the western United

States of America is a subject which has attracted the attention

of entomologists since the observations made by A. S. Packard

in 1869. Since that time much new information has been placed

on record, mostly in the form of brief notes scattered through-

out a variety of natural history journals. Many of these ob-

servations are of little scientific value in that no exact data as

to the composition of the water are given. To say that the

water is “brackish” or “salt” is so vague as to be practically

meaningless. In the case of pelagic forms occurring in large

bodies of water, such as Great Salt Lake, this lack of data is

of no great significance, since the salinity is generally fairly

constant and uniform, but in the smaller lakes which are fed

by intermittent streams or springs, and which are liable to

become very much more concentrated during the dry summer

months, it is important to obtain exact data as to the salinity

of the medium at the actual spot where the insects are collected.

In such lakes one frequently finds very great variation in den-

sity within quite short distances and there may be very marked

differences between the surface and the bottom layers. More-

over, pools which appear closely similar may differ enormously

in salt content. It follows, therefore, that unless great care

is taken the observations may be quite misleading.

The following notes were made, as opportunity offered,

during various expeditions into the desert regions of California

during 1928 and 1929. The observations are unfortunately

very disconnected and incomplete, but as they are accompanied

in most cases by exact data as to the environmental conditions

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

the writer feels that they are worth putting on record. Owing

to the inaccessibility of many of the localities, details as to the

life history and the degree of salinity which the various de-

velopmental stages are capable of withstanding are not known

and will probably remain unknown for a long time to come.

Such information, combined with a knowledge of the salinity

variations throughout the year, would, however, be of the

greatest interest for the work of Poisson (1924) and others,

and has shown that a density which is quite harmless to an

adult insect or to a late stage larva may, nevertheless, be suffi-

cient to destroy the eggs or young larvae, perhaps by interfer-

ence with the hatching mechanism. Were such details known

the reasons for the apparently capricious distribution of many

of these halophilus insects would doubtless be more obvious.

It is to be hoped that others will follow up this line of work.

A collector with more time at his disposal would not only be

able to add to our knowledge in the ways outlined above, but

would probably extend considerably the list of species from

an area such as Death Valley. Owing to the great variations

in the physical and chemical conditions a species may be very

abundant in one spot, where conditions are at the optimum, and

yet be nonexistent elsewhere, consequently even in a small area

a great deal of collecting is needed before one’s list is complete.

Death Valley Region. — A brief trip to the Death Valley

region of California (Inyo County) was made during Febru-

ary 23-27, 1929. The south end of the valley was first visited.

Where the bed of the Amargosa River was crossed no water

was seen, but at camp near Old Confidence Mill biting midges

were very troublesome, Culicoides varipennis Coq., and Lepto-

conops kerteszi var. americanus Carter, being taken. Various

species of the genus Culicoides are known from salt and

brackish waters in many parts of the world, and the species

above referred to had no doubt bred in the highly saline tempo-

rary pools which represent the Amargosa River. C. varipennis

is already known as a common fresh-water breeder in Cali-

fornia and New Mexico, and L. kerteszi also breeds in fresh

water in north and central California, as well as at Great Salt

Lake, Utah.

Some collecting was done at Salt Creek and McLean

Springs, on the valley floor, about two miles southwest of

APRIL, 1931] THORPE SALINE WATER INSECTS

147

Stovepipe Wells, on the 2'5th of February. A trickle of water

running over the alkali caked mud at Salt Creek yielded the

following results :

Coleoptera:

DytiscideB. Hydroporus panaminti Fall; Hydroporus spp. (larvse

of two species).

Hydrophilidae. Octhebius rectus Lee.; Enochrui diffusus Lee.

Diptera:

Chironomidae. Orthocladius sp. (larvae and adults).

Two still pools at McLean Springs, “a” and “b,” about

eighteen inches deep and three feet in diameter, were also

examined. The first contained the unidentifiable remains of a

dragon fly larva, and at its margin the salt marsh Carabid,

Tachys vittiger, was obtained. Pool “b” gave further speci-

mens of H. panaminti and some empty caddis cases (Limno-

philidas), and in a very small pool near by 0 . rectus was again

taken.

Further south collections were made in shallow pools con-

nected with a slow-flowing stream on the east side of the valley

floor, about one and a half miles north of Old Harmony Borax

Mill. Here H. panaminti was again found, together with two

species of Hydroporous in the larval stage. Besides 0. rectus

and a larva referable to it, larvae of Ephydra sp. (hians ?) were

present in considerable numbers.

Hurried collections made in a less concentrated pool at

Eagle Borax Well yielded another Hydrophilid, Tropisternus

calif ornicus Lee., and larvae of a species of Procladius.

The salinity of these various waters, in parts per million,

is given below :

Salt Creek

McLean

Springs “a"

McLean

Springs “b”

Pools Near

Old Harmony

Mill

Eagle Borax

Well

7,228

2,378

2,840

11,863

412

C03

HC03

537

500

850

135

so.

3,272

1,610

1,710

3,766

597

112

100

128

6,200

2,300

2,737

9,010

345

Borax

300

Total

17,048

6,998

7,949

25,900

1,688

Sp. gr.

1.016

1.006

1.007

1.024

1.001

148 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

Owens Lake. — A visit was paid to Owens Lake, Inyo

County, California, on July 7, 1928. The lake at this time was

very low and on the western side, where the collecting was

done, it was impossible to reach water more than half an inch

in depth, overlying a slimy mud, which was swarming with

Dipterous larvae and pupae, nothing else being found. There

were great numbers of Ephydra hians Say, a species already

recorded from this locality by Aldrich (1912). Pupal cases of

a large Tabanus and many larvae and pupae of Odontomyia

were found. The first named belonged to T. punctifer O. S.,

a common inhabitant of alkaline waters in the West (Webb

and Wells), adults of which were caught in the near vicinity,

and the latter are probably referable to 0. tumida Banks, and

0. arcuata Loew., both of which were obtained. No exact

chemical and physical details of the environment of the latter

two species appear to be on record. Brues (1928) records

T. punctifer as occurring in waters with a specific gravity up

to 1.014.

The composition of Owens Lake is already well known.

According to Clarke (1924), the total salinity varies from

15,900 parts per million (specific gravity 1.015) to 213,700

parts per million (specific gravity 1.153). Considering the time

of the year and the level of the lake, the insects obtained must

have been living under conditions of salinity approaching those

indicated by the higher figures.

The percentages of the chief constituents in the more saline

samples are given below. The data have been calculated in

parts per million, and are given in the second column so that

the figures are comparable with those given in the other tables :

Percentage of Total

Salinity

p. p. m.

24.82

53,425

C 03

24.55

52,463

S 04

9.93

21,220

38.09

81,398

1.62

3,461

Specific Gravity

1.153

Mono Lake. — Owing to its greater depth and large size.

Mono Lake is correspondingly more constant in composition.

The following data are recalculated from Clarke :

APRIL, 1931] THORPE — SALINE WATER INSECTS

149

Salinity

Specific gravity

CO3

SO,

51,170 p. p. m.

1.045

11,943 p. p. m.

11,984

6,580

19,408

. 946

The only aquatic insect definitely known from Mono Lake

appears to be Ephydra hians (Aldrich, 1913, and many other

observers), and this was the only one found by the writer on

a very brief visit in October 1928. Aldrich records Tabanus

opacus Coq., and T. phcsnops O. S., but it appears uncertain

whether these were breeding actually in the lake or in streams

running into it. Ephydra subopaca Loew., is also mentioned

as occurring in seepage near the lake. Many other Diptera

were recorded by Aldrich in the vicinity, but the breeding

habits were not known.

Salt on Sea. — This body of water is of particular interest in

view of the great changes in salinity which must have taken

place since its formation forty years ago. From 1891 till 1905

the lake was small and the salt content presumably high,

although no data for that period appear to be available. From

1905-1907 fresh water from the Colorado River flowed in, with

the result that the lake more than doubled its size. In 1911 the

salinity was found to vary from 7164-7348 parts per million

(MacDougal, 1914). After 1907 the inflow was checked, with

the result that the salinity again began to increase and in 1913

had reached a salinity of 10,026 parts per million.

Hubbard in 1897 recorded four species of Coleoptera at a

point near Salton where some springs, said to contain “1 to 6

per cent of saline matter,” discharged into the sea. An un-

described species of Creniphilus (Paracymus) was described

as present in vast numbers, with Philhydrus dijfusus Lee. ; and

Octhebius rectus Lee., and a new species of the same genus

were found less commonly. Hubbard also records an Ephydra

different from that found in Great Salt Lake.” Aldrich (1912)

quotes a record of E. gracilis from this locality, but the speci-

mens in my possession are all E. subopaca, not gracilis. Hub-

bard, in addition, records several salt marsh Staphylinids and

Carabids.

150 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

I was, unfortunately, not able to reach the exact spot men-

tioned by Hubbard, but two visits to localities on the west

shore of the lake failed to yield anything except immature

Corixid^e, which could not be identified. All the specimens that

I have from this particular region are two Ephydrids collected

by Dr. E. A. Andrews, March 3, 1929, and very kindly handed

over to me. They are Ephydra suhopaca, and a Paralimna sp.,

but the latter can hardly have been breeding in the lake and

there is some doubt about the Ephydra.

In contrast to the lack of insects in the Salton Sea, the

insect fauna of a small tule-surrounded pool at Dos Palmas,

a short way from the eastern shore of the lake, is of interest.

This pool is fed by a luke-warm spring, an analysis of which

is given below. Here, on December 12, 1928, larvse of a spe-

cies of Procladius were present in abundance, and larvae of

Odontomyia sp. were also found. Five species of Coleoptera

were taken as follows :

Dytiscidae. Laccophilus mexicanus Aube; Laccophilus terminalii

Sharp; Rhantus binotatus Harris.

Hydrophilidae. Tropisternus dorsalis Brulle.

A few hundred yards away was a pool of fresh water con-

taining abundant plant growth and mosquito larvae, probably

referable to Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theob., and Theo-

holdia inornata Will., larvae of Odontomyia sp. were also

found. Here also occurred the Desert Minnow, Cyprinodon

macularcus.

Analysis of springs at Dos Palmas :

Dos Palmas

Canyon Springs

470

124

C 03

HC03

115

155

so.

120

736

120

270

230

Total Solids

1,020

1,388

A stagnant pool at Canyon Springs, about eight to ten miles

away, contained nothing but mosquito larvae, almost certainly

those of T. inornata, a species already known from saline

waters (Brues, 1928).

APRIL, 1931] THORPE SALINE WATER INSECTS

151

Discussion

Little need be said as to the composition of the waters, the

tables will explain themselves. For the sake of comparison it

may be said that the average specific gravity of sea water is

1.027, that of pure water, of course, being 1.000. It will thus

be seen that many of the samples are much saltier than the sea,

the most concentrated being that from Owens Lake, with a

specific gravity 1.153. The waters are for the most part mark-

edly alkaline, owing chiefly to the presence of large quantities

of dissolved alkaline carbonates, and in some cases borax. It

is, however, fairly well established that differences in p.n. of

the medium have very little direct effect on aquatic insects,

although, of course, the indirect effect by influencing the fauna

and flora as a whole, may be very great. The high proportion

of sulphates should also be noted.

In considering these waters as biological environments the

most important point to know is, of course, the osmotic pres-

sure. This cannot be measured in the field and, in the case of

highly concentrated solutions, can only be estimated with some

difficulty in the laboratory. In the case of sea water and brines

produced by the evaporation of sea water. Fox (1926) has

shown that no serious error is involved if it is assumed that

the salts are completely ionized. Then the osmotic pressures

can be taken as identical with those of solutions of pure NaCl

of the same specific gravity, and for which the freezing point

depressions are accurately known. This procedure is, of course,

much less reliable in the case of waters such as are discussed

in this paper, the salts of which are certainly not completely

ionized, and figures obtained in this way will consequently tend

to be too high; nevertheless, one or two examples, while only

approximate, will serve to give some idea of the order of

magnitude of this factor. Thus the osmotic pressure of Mono

Lake would be about 50 atmospheres, that of the most concen-

trated of the Death Valley pools 28 atmospheres, whilst Owens

Lake might reach as high as 175. The fact that the figures for

Death Valley waters are so much lower than those for Owens

Lake is probably due merely to the difference in the season at

which the observations were made.

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

The observations here recorded supply further illustrations

of the fact, already noted in many parts of the world (e. g.,

Thorpe, 1927), that the Diptera are not only able to support

life in media of an osmotic pressure that is rapidly fatal to

most other insects, but that they have also a greater power of

adaptation to changes in concentration than have other orders.

As will be seen from these notes the waters of greatest salinity

are occupied mainly by Dipterous larvae. Coleopterous and

Trichopterous larvae occurring only at respectively lower con-

centrations.

Of the Ephydrids, gracilis and hians are well known as

forms confined to saline waters. About E. subopaca there is

some doubt. Aldrich says that in the West it is characteristic

of the less dense waters (specific gravity 1.000 to 1.019), while

Ping (1921), working in the East, states that it cannot go

through its early stages in fresh water. The record from

Salton appears to extend its known range in California by some

five hundred miles to the south.^

Although unidentified Stratiomyidae have frequently been

recorded from saline and alkaline waters (Brues, 1928), the

records from Owens Lake indicate a considerably higher salin-

ity range than usual.

No exact data as to the habitat of any of the Coleoptera

met with, excepting T. dorsalis, appear to have been recorded

previously. T. dorsalis is recorded by Brues (1928) at specific

gravity 1.0008 to 1.0015. With the possible exception of

H. panaminti, the records suggest that all of these insects are

also capable of developing in fresh water. The record of this

species from Dos Palmas extends its known range south by

two hundred miles. Dr. Fall tells me it was previously known

only from the Death Valley region. It is seen to have a wide

salinity range (specific gravity 1.001 to 1.024).

Finally I wish to express my indebtedness to Dr. H. C. Fall

and Dr. O. A. Johannsen for determinations of the Coleoptera

and Diptera respectively, and to the chemical department of

the University of California Citrus Experiment Station at

Riverside, for undertaking water analysis ; to Mr. E. C. Jaeger

of the Biology Department, Riverside Junior College, I am

1 Unless E. m i 1 1 b r se, Jones, a common coast species in south-

ern California, eventually proves to be identical.

APRIL, 1931] THORPE — SALINE WATER INSECTS

153

much indebted, for without the advantage of his experience of

desert travel some of the trips would not have been attempted.

Bibliography

Aldrich, J. M. 1912. “The Biology of Some Western Species of

the Dipterous Genus Ephydra.” J. N. Y. Entom. Soc., 20,

pp. 77-98.

Aldrich, J. M. 1913. “Collecting Notes from the Great Basin and

Adjoining Territory.” Entom. News, 24, pp. 214-221.

Brues, C. T. 1924. “Observations on Animal Life in the Thermal

Waters of Yellowstone Park, with a Consideration of the Ther-

mal Environment.” Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., 59, pp. 371-

437.

Brues, C. T. 1928. “Studies on the Fauna of Hot Springs in the

Western United States, and the Biology of Thermophilous Ani-

mals.” Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., 63, pp. 139-228.

Clarke, F. W. 1924. “Composition of River and Lake Waters of

the U. S. A.” Dept, of Interior, U. S. Geo. Survey, Professional

Paper No. 135, Washington, D. C.

Fox, H. Munro. 1926. “Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal —

General Part.” Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 22, pp. 1-64.

Hubbard, H. S. 1901. “Salton Lake in the Colorado Desert and

Its Insect Fauna.” Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, 4, pp. 376-8.

MacDougal, D. T. 1914. “The Salton Sea.” Carnegie Inst., Wash-

ington. Publication No. 193.

Packard, A. S. 1869. “On Insects Inhabiting Salt Water.” Proc.

Essex Inst. Salem, 6, pp. 41-51.

Ping, C. 1921. “The Biology of Ephydra subopaca, Loew.” Cornell

Univ. Agric. Exp. Station Memoir, 49, pp. 561-612.

Poisson, R. 1924. “Contribution a Tetude des Hemipteres aqua-

tiques.” Bull. Biologique, Paris, 58, pp. 49-305.

Thorpe, W. H. 1927. “The Fauna of Brackish Pools of the Sussex

Coast.” Trans. S. E. Union Sci. Societies, 1927, pp. 27-34.

Webb, J. L., and Wells, R. W. 1924. “Horse Flies: Biologies and

Relation to Western Agriculture.” U. S. D. A. Dept. Bull.

No. 1218, p. 36. Washington, D. C., 1924.

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

A NEW GYRINUS FROM ALASKA, WITH

REFERENCES TO OTHER RECENTLY

DESCRIBED SPECIES

(Coleoptera)

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

Since the appearance of my paper on the “North American

Species of Gyrinus” (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,, xlvii, 1916), three

additional species have been described as follows: G. hatchi

and G. dubius by Mr. J. B. Wallis (Can. Ent., April, 1926),

and G. gehringi by Mr. K. F. Chamberlain (Bull. Brook. Ent.

Soc., October, 1929).

G. hatchi Wallis. The type was collected by Mr. Melville

H. Hatch at Crooked Lake, Washtenaw County, Michigan. It

measures 4.69 mm. in length, color above black with bluish

reflections, margins bronzed, elytra moderately polished but

distinctly micropunctulate, beneath entirely rufotestaceous. It

is perhaps nearest fratermts, but is smaller and with somewhat

different male genitalia.

G. dubius Wallis. Type from St. Anthony, Newfoundland.

According to Wallis, very close to picipes but more alutaceous

and micropunctulate above with outer strial punctures less evi-

dently larger than those near the suture.

G. gehringi Chamb. Type from Moose Pond, Pittsburg,

in the Connecticut Lake region of New Hampshire. Said to

most nearly resemble lecontei, but is uniformly rufotestaceous

beneath and with quite different genitalia, the middle lobe being

triangular, the sides nearly straight and rapidly converging to

the sharply acuminate tip, which is strongly laterally com-

pressed. Length, 5.5 to 6.2 mm.

G. piceolus Blatch. This species, founded on two female

examples, was suppressed by me as insufficiently distinct from

pemitidus. More recently Mr. Wallis (Can. Ent., February,

1926) has restored the species to specific standing on the basis

of two males, one of which having been sent to Dr. Blatchley

was declared by him to be identical with his type of piceolus.

These males while “resembling pemitidus very closely” are said

to show genitalic differences sufficient to warrant their being

APRIL, 1931]

FALL ^A NEW GYRINUS

155

given specific standing. Assuming the pale hypomera and epi-

pleura to be characteristic, the species runs to pleuralis and

affinis in my table, neither of which it at all resembles.

The following new Gyrinus from Alaska, recently received

from Mr. R. E. Barrett of Saticoy, California, is another inter-

esting addition to our fauna.

Gyrinus instabilis Fall, n. sp.

Nearly related to wallm in form, color and most structural

features, but of average smaller size.

Typical form. Moderately convex, black, two outer elytral inter-

spaces more or less bronzed; disc of the elytra in the male with an

obscure greenish reflection between striae 4 and 7, faint but usually

perceptible by oblique illumination; not definitely visible in the

female; punctures not bronzed. Surface shining, the luster a little

dulled in the female by an evident micropunctulation on a minutely

alutaceous ground. In the male the alutaceous ground sculpture is

scarcely if at all detectable and the micropunctulation is sparser and

feebler, though always present. Striae weakly impressed, the outer

ones a little more noticeably so but not canaliculate; eleventh stria

close to the margin; strial punctures slightly coarser externally.

Body beneath, including the epipleura, metallic black. Front legs

rufoferruginous; middle tibiae, and hind tibiae and tarsi flavotesta-

ceous; middle tarsi except at base, and middle and hind femora more

or less infuscate; claws piceous.

Male genitalia. Color piceous, the middle lobe paler basally;

middle lobe nearly parallel-sided in fully apical half, at apex a little

less than half the width of the lateral lobes; upper surface flattened

for a considerable distance from the tip, which is broadly arcuato-

truncate throughout its width.

Length, 4.7S to S.6 mm.; width, 2.4 to 3.15 mm.

Variations. In a few examples the upper surface is entirely

black without trace of metallic luster. In others the surface is

polished, with the suture narrowly and the punctures bronzed.

In these last the micropunctulation is nearly or quite wanting

in the male but present in the female. The genital armature of

the male is identically the same in these variants as in the

typical form.

Described from a good series of specimens sent me by

Mr. Barrett, who collected them all at Circle, Alaska, June 21,

1928. The type is a male in my own collection.

This species very much resembles wallisi, which, however,

in series is a perceptibly larger species (5.2 to 6.8 mm.). The

156 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

total absence of asneous luster along the margins and in the

punctures is much more frequent in wallisi than in the present

species, and the seneous marginal stripe when present is as

a rule narrower, more obscure and less definitely limited in-

teriorly, but in a few examples it diffuses inwardly over the

greater portion of the elytra. This condition does not obtain

in any example of instahilis, in which the aeneous marginal

stripe is more definitely limited and seems never to cross the

ninth stria. The obscure longitudinal deep greenish streak at

the middle of each elytron in males of the typical form of

instahilis (those without bronzed punctures) is faintly detect-

able in two similar males of wallisi.

In final analysis comparison shows that, while not greatly

unlike, there are constant appreciable differences in the geni-

talia of these two species. In wallisi the middle lobe is slightly

more slender, gradually tapering to the narrowly rounded apex,

the upper surface flattened only at the immediate apex. The

form in instahilis has been stated above.

Two Additions to Our Lists

I recently noticed among the Elaterids of the Snow collec-

tion at the University of Kansas two examples of the genus

Cardiophorus, taken in the Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona,

many years ago by Professor Snow and labelled aptopoides

Cand., a species apparently not previously reported as having

been taken north of Mexico. I submitted the specimens to

W. S. Fisher of the National Museum, who confirmed the

determination.

Among the Endomychidae are two examples of Epipocus

suhcostatus Gorham, also taken in the Baboquivari Mountains,

Arizona, by Professor Snow. The determination was made by

Charles Liebeck and the specimens seem to agree perfectly

with description in the Biologia. — Warwick Benedict, Univer-

sity of Kansas.

APRIL, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID^

157

CHERMID^ FROM UTAH, NEVADA, AND ARIZONA,

INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES

(Homoptera)

BY F. D. KLYVER

San Mateo Junior College, San Mateo, California

(Continued from page 143)

Subfamily Psyllinje

Genus Psyllia

1905, Psyllia Kirkaldy. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 24:268.

Psyllia breviata Patch

Fig. 1, E. F

1912, Psylla breviata Patch. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 202:215.

Specimens. Two males from Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt., St.

George, Utah, May 1, 1930 (282); one female from Salsola pestifer

A. Nels., St. George, Utah, May 17, 1930 (360); one female from

the same host, Ely, Nevada, May 19, 1930 (2527); one female from

Pluchea sericea (Nutt.), Glendale, Nevada, May 3, 1930 (338); one

female from same host, Overton, Nevada, April 20, 1930 (235); one

female from Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.), Logandale, Nevada, May 2,

1930 (305); one female from Covillea tridentata (D. C.), St. Thomas,

Nevada, May 18, 1930 (405); one male from the same host, Glendale,

Nevada, May 3, 1930 (330); and one male from same host, St.

George, Utah, May 1, 1930 (286).

The specimens at hand are referred to this species with con-

siderable question. They are in agreement with the general

characters of the species as given by Crawford except for the

genitalia. For instance, the female genital segment in my speci-

mens is approximately one-half the length of the rest of the

abdomen, instead of being equal in length as stated by Craw-

ford. This discrepancy may very well be a direct result of the

method of measuring employed. It is a commonly observed

fact in the long series of my material of this and other species

that the genital segment of the female in unmounted or in dry

mounted specimens will always appear to be proportionately

longer than it actually is, due to the collapsing of the remainder

of the abdomen. There is very little in common, furthermore,

between the male genitalia as illustrated in Fig. 1, E, F, and

the male genitalia of Psylla breviata Patch as drawn by Craw-

ford. This discrepancy may, again, conceivably be assigned to

a difference in interpretation by the technique here employed.

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

Observations with the higher magnifications of the micro-

scope disclose the following structures not mentioned by Craw-

ford. The fore wing is beset with rather large points at the

distal end, these points becoming gradually less pronounced

from the distal to the proximal end, while nowhere do they

occur on the veins. Alar radulae are sparsely developed as large

points in the two marginal cells, between Rg and Mi + 2, and

between Mg + 4 and Cu. The posterior wings are relatively

large and thick, the venation being conspicuous as a single row

of points which appear somewhat larger than the similar points

that rather densely beset the entire wing membrane.

Psyllia minuta Crawford

Fig. 2, O, P

1914, Psylla minuta Crawford. U. S, Nat. Mus., Bull. 85:142; figs.

Specimens. One male and six females from unknown host, Rich-

field, Utah, June 21, 1930 (no number); and one female from

Lepidium scopulorum Jones, Garrison, Nevada, May 15, 1930 (2509).

The body and wings agree with the description by Crawford.

The color notes given by him, however, are not applicable to my

specimens. There is very little variation, the general color over the

entire body is light brown. The extreme tip of the antennae and the

apex of the female genital segment are black. The fore wings are

fumate throughout with the apical half sometimes distinctly darker,

the wing membrane is beset with numerous small points that

decrease in size and conspicuousness from the distal to the proximal

end. Four alar radulse are present, one in each of the two marginal

cells, one between Ra and and one between Mg ^ ^ and Cuj^. The

posterior wing is delicately membraneous, punctate throughout, with

the venation developed as faint ridges along which are rows of small

points irregularly arranged.

The claspers of the male terminate at the apex in a distinctly

anteriorly directed claw (Fig. 2, P). The female segment is scarcely

half as long as the rest of the abdomen (Fig. 2, O), the ventral

valve being hardly more than one-third the length of the dorsal

valve, the apex of each bearing a number of very short, stout setae,

as illustrated.

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON — XEROPHLCEA

159

THE GENUS XEROPHLCEA IN NORTH AMERICA

(Homoptera, Cicadellidae)

BY PAUL B. LAWSON

Lawrence, Kansas ^

The genus Xerophloea, erected by Germar in 1839, is one

of the genera in the subfamily Gyponinse. The members of

the genus may be characterized as follows :

Medium sized or large leafhoppers, with ocelli on flattened

vertex and closer to caudal than cephalic margin, vertex with

margins acute; whole dorsal surface distinctly and coarsely

pitted with pits bearing minute setae; elytra more vertical than

in Gypona. Color of females, except in a few cases, nearly

uniformly green ; males green or varying through yellowish to

brown, with vertex and pronotum frequently marked with dark

brown and veins of elytra frequently appearing mottled. In

both sexes small dark spots occur on margins of veins in caudal

half of elytra and sometimes over other parts of the body.

Female ventral segment long, posterior margin bilobed, with

narrow median slit extending nearly to base. Last ventral seg-

ment of male long, hiding valve; plates long and finger-like,

extending to tip of pygofer.

The uniform coloration of the species and the very great

similarity of the genitalia are undoubtedly responsible for the

fact that hitherto but two species, X. uiridis Fabricius and

X. major Baker, have been recognized in the United States.

Both the external and the internal genitalia are so similar in

the species studied that, although they sometimes show small

characteristic differences, it would be impossible to use them

as diagnostic characters of certain value.

Through the kindness of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, who has

loaned us the material from the California Academy of Sciences

and his own private collection, and through the collections of

the past several summers in the south by Dr, R. H. Beamer

of the University of Kansas and his survey party, a large

number of specimens of the genus from California to Florida

were made available for study. In addition, many specimens

from northern states were available, so that the present study

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of

Kansas.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

was made from ample material from nearly every part of the

United States.

In spite of the fact that two of the chief characters used

in taxonomic work with leafhoppers, namely color and geni-

talia, are of little or no value in this genus, it was soon found

that the shape of the vertex and the degree of inflation of the

front are very valuable and dependable characters. These,

along with size and geographical distribution, were found to

be sufficient to enable a proper differentiation of the several

species. As a consequence eleven new species are here de-

scribed, a number of which have undoubtedly been previously

included in X. viridis.

Following is an artificial key for the separation of the

species :

Key to Species

1. Front distinctly inflated 2

Front at most but slightly inflated 6

2. Female with entire dorsal surface spotted with brown

brunnea, n. sp.

Females uniformly green 3

3. Vertex of female at most about half length of pronotum 4

Vertex of female distinctly more than half length of pro-

notum 5

4. Front very strongly inflated; vertex shorter infiata n. sp.

Front less strongly inflated; vertex longer robusta n. sp.

5. Larger, more robust species, females over 6 mm

‘vanduzeei n. sp.

Smaller, more slender species, females under 6 mm

californica n. sp.

6. Vertex broadly rounded major Baker

Vertex distinctly angulate 7

7. Males not at all greenish 8

Males definitely greenish or yellowish green 9

8. Males robust, ashy gray, strikingly dotted with dark brown

oraclis n. sp.

Males very slender, cream-colored, strongly marked with

brown spots and lines tenuata n. sp.

9. Larger species, females usually over 7 mm majesta n. sp.

Smaller species, females usually under 7 mm 10

10. Vertex of female nearly as long as pronotum 11

Vertex of female distinctly shorter than pronotum 12

11. Vertex of female longer, sides straighter, apex more obtuse

obtusa n. sp.

Vertex of female slightly shorter, sides more convex, apex

more acute zionis n. sp.

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON XEROPHLCEA

161

12. Species smaller,' females under 6 mm minor n. sp.

Species larger, females 6-7.5 mm viridis (Fabr.)

Xerophloea zionis Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 11, 11a

Close to X. viridis but with longer vertex. Length, female,

6.5 to 7 mm. ; male, 6 mm.

Head slightly narrower than prothorax; vertex one-third wider

between the eyes than long, anterior margins distinctly convex, apex

obtusely angulate; front slightly inflated. Pronotum one-fourth

longer than vertex, anterior margin moderately convex.

Color: Females uniformly bright green above except for brownish

eyes and ocelli; below more yellow, with tibiae and tarsi bright

green. Males yellowish green; vertex with median, longitudinal

brown stripe; pronotum with posterior half and middle third of

anterior half brownish.

Holotype, female, Zion National Park, Utah, August 13,

1929, Paul W. Oman. Allotype, male, same data, R. H.

Beamer. Paratypes, a female, same data, Paul W. Oman ; three

females and a male, same data, R. H. Beamer; a female. Pine

View, Utah, July 21, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee.

Last paratype in collection of California Academy of

Sciences ; all other types in Snow entomological collection.

Xerophloea vanduzeei Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 5, 5a

Close to X. sionis but with narrower head and front more

definitely inflated. Length, female, 6 to 6.5 mm. ; male, 5.5 mm.

Head distinctly narrower than prothorax; vertex one-third wider

between the eyes than long, anterior margins nearly straight, apex

obtusely but strongly angulate; front definitely inflated. Pronotum

one-third longer than vertex, anterior margin strongly convex.

Color: Females uniformly bright green above except for brownish

eyes and ocelli; yellowish green below. Males straw yellow or

greenish yellow; median longitudinal line on vertex, posterior half

and median third of anterior half of pronotum, small spots on veins

and larger ones along claval suture, brown.

Holotype, female, and allotype, male, San Jacinto Moun-

tains, California, July 21, 1929, R. H. Beamer. A large series

of piaratypes, taken largely by E. P. Van Duzee and R. H.

Beamer, are at hand from the following localities in California :

San Jacinto Mountains, Lemon Grove, San Diego County,

Pittsburg, Niles Canyon, San Mateo, Lake Tahoe, Coachella

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

Valley, Mill Creek Canyon, Cazadero, San Francisco, Marin

County, Cay ton, Poso Creek, Selma, Potholes, Alameda

County.

Twenty-four paratypes in collection of California Academy

of Sciences; all other types in Snow entomological collection.

The writer is glad to name this species in honor of Mr.

E. P. Van Duzee, through whose generous loan of material this

study was made possible.

Xerophloea obtusa Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 8, 8a

Allied to X. wnduseei but with longer and more obtusely

pointed vertex. Length, female, 6.5 to 7 mm.

Head definitely narrower than pronotum; vertex four-fifths as

long as width between eyes, margin very thin, apex broadly and

obtusely rounded; front nearly straight. Pronotum slightly longer

than vertex, anterior margin moderately convex.

Color: Yellowish green except for pink ocelli and brown eyes;

elytral veins often with white spots. Underside more strongly

yellow.

Holotype, female, San Jacinto Mountains, California, July

21, 1929. Paratypes: Orange County, California, July 14, 1929;

San Jacinto Mountains, California, July 21, 1929; Laguna

Mountains, California, July 6, 1929. All four type specimens

taken by R. H. Beamer.

All types deposited in Snow entomological collection.

Xerophloea minor Lawson, n, sp.

Figs. 6, 6a

A small robust species, allied to viridis, but stouter. Length,

female, 5 to 6 mm. ; male, 5 mm.

Head definitely narrower than pronotum; vertex about two-thirds

as long as width between eyes, anterior margins nearly straight,

apex obtusely angulate; front slightly but definitely inflated. Pro-

notum one-third longer than vertex.

Color: Females uniformly bright green above except for pink

ocelli and brown eyes; underside more yellowish. Males usually

yellowish green with usual brown line on vertex, disc and posterior

half of pronotum and spots on claval suture, brown. Some speci-

mens straw yellow, more strongly marked with brown on vertex,

pronotum, scutellum, and spots on veins of elytra.

Holotype, female, Hidalgo County, Texas, July 31, 1928,

R. H. Beamer. Allotype, male, Hidalgo County, Texas, July

28, 1928, R. H. Beamer. Paratypes, a large series from the

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON XEROPHLCEA

163

following localities : Cameron, Booie, Hidalgo, Harris, and

Orange counties, Texas; Beaugard and Natchitoche counties,

Louisiana; Biloxi, Agricultural College, Mississippi; Fort

Pierce, Fruitville, Key Largo, Hilliard, Florida; Polk County,

Arkansas.

Four paratypes deposited in collection of California Academy

of Sciences ; all other types in Snow entomological collection.

Xerophloea californica Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 3, 3a

Allied to X. vanduseei but smaller, with front more strongly

inflated and vertex relatively longer. Length, 5.5 to 6 mm.

Head very slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex about three-

fourths as long as width between eyes, anterior margins slightly

convex to obtusely angulate apex; front broadly and strongly in-

flated. Pronotum about one-third longer than vertex, anterior

margin moderately convex.

Color: Varying from bright to yellowish green, often with small

black dots all over surface; elytral veins sometimes spotted with

brown.

Holotype, female, San Diego County, California, July 4,

1929, P. W. Oman. Paratypes, two same data; two others,

San Jacinto Mountains, California, July 21, 1929, R. H.

B earner.

Types deposited in Snow entomological collection.^

Xerophloea brunnea Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 4, 4a

Allied to X. californica, but females are brown and vertex

distinctly shorter. Length, female, 5.5 to 6 mm.

Head nearly as wide as pronotum; vertex very wide, about two-

thirds as long as width between eyes, margins convex to obtuse

apex; front strongly inflated. Pronotum about one-third longer than

vertex.

Color: Dirty yellow, spotted all over with tiny brown dots, giving

it a distinctly brownish appearance.

Holotype, female, and a paratype. Orange County, Cali-

fornia, July 14, 1929, R. H. Beamer.

Types deposited in Snow entomological collection.

2 Note by the editor: The following: additional specimens of this spe-

cies were returned by Professor Lawson to the California Academy of

Sciences labeled “Paratypes”: Keen Camp, Riverside County, California,

June 6, 1917 (Van Duzee); Alpine, San Diego County, California, Octo-

ber 4, 1913 (Van Duzee): same place, September 13, 1923 (Van Duzee);

San Diego County, California, April 8, 1925 (Van Dyke), Selma, Fresno

County, California, June 4, 1929 (Van Duzee).

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

This is the only species in the genus yet known in which

the females depart entirely from the usual uniform green

coloration and assume the color of some of the darker males.

Xerophloea robusta Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 2, 2a

A very stout species allied to X. hrunnea but more robust

and with front more strongly inflated. Length, female, 6 to 6.5

mm. ; male, 5.5 mm.

Head distinctly narrower than pronotum; vertex nearly twice as

wide between eyes as long, apex well rounded, very slightly, if at all,

angulate, slightly upturned apically; front very strongly inflated.

Pronotum nearly twice as long as vertex and very wide.

Color: Females uniformly bright green except for pink ocelli and

brown eyes; males straw yellow with brown stripe on middle of

vertex, disc and posterior half of pronotum and spots on suture of

elytra, brown.

Holotype, female, Hidalgo County, Texas, July 28, 1928,

R. H. Beamer. Allotype, male, Culberson County, Texas,

July 12, 1927, L. D. Anderson. Paratypes: Chaves County,

New Mexico; Hidalgo County, Texas; Nogales, Oracle, Pata-

gonia, and Navajo and Yavapai counties, Arizona.

Six paratypes in collection of California Academy of

Sciences ; holotype, allotype, and six paratypes in Snow ento-

mological collection.

Xerophloea inflata Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 1, la

Closely related to X. robusta, but with shorter vertex and

even more inflated front. Length, female, 6 mm. ; male, 5 mm.

Head distinctly narrower than pronotum; vertex fully twice as

wide between eyes as long, anterior margin nearly rounded; front

very strongly inflated. Pronotum fully twice as long as vertex, very

wide.

Color: As in X. robusta.

Holotype, female. Brooks County, Texas, July 25, 1928,

L. D. Anderson. Allotype, male, Tucson, Arizona, June 21,

1924, A. A. Nichol. Paratypes: Mescal, Tucson, Oracle, Hua-

chuca, and Yavapai County, Arizona, and Palm Springs, Cali-

fornia.

Four paratypes in collection of California Academy of

Sciences ; holotype, allotype, and four paratypes in Snow ento-

mological collection.

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON XEROPHLCEA

165

Xerophloea majesta Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 9, 9a

Allied to X. major but not so robust and with angulate

vertex. Length, female, 7 to 8 mm. ; male, 6.5 to 7 mm.

Head distinctly narrower than pronotum; vertex nearly one-third

wider between eyes than long, margins very thin, apex obtusely

but distinctly angulate; front nearly straight. Pronotum distinctly

longer than vertex, quite wide.

Color: Females uniformly bright green except for pink ocelli and

brown eyes. Males straw yellow, usually well marked with brown

on middle line of vertex, brown spots all over pronotum, and elytral

veins alternating with white and brown spots.

Holoiype, female, Douglas County, Kansas, trap light, July

10, 1930, Paul B. Lawson. Allotype, male, same data except

taken on July 20. Paratypes: Douglas and Greenwood coun-

ties, Kansas; Hidalgo, Jim Wells, Palopinto, Bee, Kendall,

Cameron, and Brooks counties, Austin and Galveston, Texas;

Vicksburg, Mississippi; Clemson College, South Carolina.

Five paratypes in collection of California Academy of Sci-

ences ; holotype, allotype, and large series of paratypes in Snow

entomological collection.

Xerophloea oraclis Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 10, 10a

Allied to X. minor but with more angulate vertex and more

strongly marked with dark brown. Length, male, 5.25 mm.

Head distinctly narrower than pronotum; vertex nearly one-half

wider between eyes than long, anterior margins straight, apex

strongly angulate; front slightly inflated. Pronotum one-half longer

than vertex, wide.

Color: Nearly ashy gray, strikingly marked with dark brown as

follows: On middle third of vertex and scattered spots on lateral

thirds, along anterior third to half of pronotum, and narrow band

along posterior margin, two large spots on scutellum, many small

spots on clavus, and particularly bordering elytral veins. Most of

face brown and entire underside with many small brown dots.

Holotype, male, Oracle, Arizona, July 28, 1924, E. P. Van

Duzee.

Type in collection of California Academy of Sciences.

Xerophloea tenuata Lawson, n. sp.

Figs. 7, 7a

Perhaps closest to X. viridis but much more slender and

vertex much longer. Length, male, 6 mm.

166 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

Head slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex nearly as wide

between eyes as long, margins nearly straight to distinctly angulate

apex; front straight. Pronotum but slightly longer than vertex.

Color: Background straw yellow to creamy yellow, heavily

marked with brown. Vertex creamy yellow with three more or less

distinct brown longitudinal stripes. Pronotum creamy yellow,

irregularly irrorate with brown. Elytra straw yellow, with large

brown spots on claval suture and veins strongly spotted with brown.

Whole insect appearing strongly brown, above and below.

Holotype, male, San Diego County, California, October 17,

1913, E. P. Van Duzee.

Type in collection of California Academy of Sciences.

This species is by all odds the most slender member of the

genus.

Xerophlcea viridis (Fabricius)

Figs. 12, 12a

Cercopis viridis Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv, p. 50, 1794.

Xerophlcea grisea Germar, Zeits. f. Ent., i, p. 190, 1839.

Xerophlcea virescens Stal, Of. Vet. Akad. Forh., xi, p. 253, 1854.

Parapholis peltata Uhler, Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 461, 1877.

A comparatively slender species. Length, female, 6.5 to 7.5

mm.; male, 5.5 to 6.5 mm.

Head slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex about three-fifths

as long as width between the eyes, margins slightly convex to defi-

nitely angulate apex; front nearly straight. Pronotum at least one-

half longer than vertex.

Color: Females light green, often with minute black dots, especi-

ally along elytral veins. Males yellowish green, usually with median

line on vertex, disc and posterior half of pronotum, brown. In rare

cases males are gray, with additional brown markings on vertex and

pronotum and many brown spots on elytra, so that entire insect

appears distinctly brown.

This species has been recorded from a number of states

scattered over the whole area of the United States. In addi-

tion to those mentioned in Van Duzee’s catalogue, the writer

has before him specimens from Montana, Arizona, and New

Mexico.

In the light of the distribution of the new species here

described, there is some doubt in the writer’s mind as to

whether all the specimens called viridis, having as they do such

a wide range of distribution, are really but one species. More-

over, there seem to be some differences in the vertex and front

of specimens from various parts of the country. However, the

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON XEROPHLCEA

167

writer has not been able to differentiate clearly enough the

specimens from the several regions, and thinks it best to put

under this name all the forms here included. In distribution,

therefore, this species may be said to cover the United States.

The original description of X. viridis does not set aside this

species from many of the others, and the writer has not seen

the type specimen. However, as now understood, the range of

this species extends to the type locality, the original description

fits it as well as any of the others, and commonly accepted

usage would seem to make it advisable to continue the name for

the forms described above. However, an examination of the

type, if available, may show that this name is applied to the

wrong species. In this case it is more than likely that the name

viridis should apply to the species which the writer has named

minor.

Germar undoubtedly had before him a male of this species

when he described grisea, and Stal was most liable to have had

a specimen of this, the commonest species, before him when he

described virescens. Uhler described peltata from Colorado.

This is undoubtedly a synonym for viridis because so far this

is the only species recorded from that state.

Dr. Myron H. Swenk of the University of Nebraska re-

cently told the writer that he had several records of the swarm-

ing in immense numbers of a species of Xerophloea. He was

kind enough to send the writer a number of specimens taken at

the time of swarming, and these proved to be viridis. It is

questionable whether anyone had ever before heard of any

species of Xerophloea occurring in anything like such tremen-

dous numbers and, therefore, we are, through the courtesy of

Dr. Swenk, quoting reports of a number of occasions when this

species occurred in great swarms :

From Neligh Leader (Nebraska), October 1, 1920:

“The 11th day of September was unique in that the city of Neligh

was visited by a cloud of the little green bugs, and windows other

than mine were clouded with them and houses and stores were

closed to shut them out. One of my friends set a small can under

the electric light at the intersection of Main and Putney streets

which was nearly filled by those which were killed and dropped. All

the stores were closed and it was quite a chore next morning to

sweep up the thousands that were caught when the stores were

closed.”

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. VII, NO. 4

Z robitfU

10 mtlk

APRIL, 1931]

LAWSON XEROPHLCEA

169

Mr. H. E. Zimmerman, O’Neill, Nebraska, wrote on Sep-

tember 17, 1920:

“Please find enclosed envelope containing portion of bugs which

swarmed into our streets a few days ago. These pests swarmed in

and formed about two inches thick all over the sidewalks on the

west side of buildings. We are interested, as the farmers here are

inquisitive.”

Mr. John S. Marsh, Guide Rock, Nebraska, wrote on Sep-

tember 21, 1924:

“I am mailing you a sample of bugs that made their appearance

last night. One could have swept up a bushel of them in buildings

and on the sidewalks. What are they?”

It 'is evident from the above, that on occasion at least, this

species must be considered as one of the more important leaf-

hoppers.

Xerophlcea major Baker

Figs. 13, 13a

Xerophlcea major Baker, Psyche, viii, p. 285, 1898.

A large stout species with rounded vertex. Length, 7.5 to

8 mm.

Head slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex two-thirds to

three-fourths as long as width between eyes, anterior margin broadly

rounded; front in profile nearly straight. Pronotum but slightly

longer than vertex.

Color: Female bright green, frequently well spotted with minute

black dots.

This species is unique in its rounded vertex and general

robustness. Van Duzee in his catalogue lists it from New

York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Tennessee. The writer has

before him a specimen from Cherokee County, Kansas.

The Odonata of China

Students of the Odonata will be interested in Dr. James G.

Needham’s Manual of the Dragonflies of China, published in

Peiping as fasc. I of Vol. II of Zoologica Sinica, Ser. A., issued

October 1, 1930. Keys are given to the higher taxonomic units

as well as to the genera and species, and adequate descriptions

are given for all. Full accounts of the preparatory stages are

included when they are known, and notes on distribution. A

total of 89 genera and 266 species are treated in the 344 quarto

pages and 20 plates. The work is entirely in the English lan-

guage. Apparently the Odonata are a dominant group in China.

— E. P. Van Duzee.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII, NO. 4

SYNONYMS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN

THYSANOPTERA

BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD

University of Rochester

It has seemed desirable to clarify the records of this group

of insects by eliminating certain synonyms. Three of these

have been known to the writer for some years.

Genus Leucothrips Reuter

1904, Leucothrips Reuter, Medd. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn., 30: 107.

[Type, L. nigripennis, n. sp., by monotypy.]

1913, Microthrips Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46: 19. [Type,

M. piercei, n. sp., by designation and monotypy.]

Body glabrous, without reticulation or close pubescence. Eyes

prominent, strongly protruding, pilose. Antennae seven-segmented,

the last segment long, slender, about equal in length to sixth. Pro-

thorax with two pairs of moderately long bristles at posterior angles.

Fore wings long, slender, with a single longitudinal vein which

bears a few bristles at base and one or more at apex. Abdominal

bristles short and weak.

The affinities of this genus are with Sericothrips, Scirto-

thrips, and Drepanothrips, but from all of them it may easily

be known by the seven-segmented antennae and glabrous abdo-

men. Reuter described the antennae as eight-segmented; but

many years ago he sent me two specimens from his type series

of nigripennis, mounted on small pieces of cardboard (as was

his habit) ; and these have been compared with material from

Belgium collected and determined by Bagnall. Reuter’s mis-

observation was due to the dried condition of the material and

its minute size, and led to the redescription of the genus by

Morgan in 1913 as Microthrips.

Leucothrips nigripennis Reuter

1904, Leucothrips nigripennis Reuter, Medd. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn.,

30: 108 [Helsingfors, Finland, on ferns in greenhouse]. 1909,

Bagnall, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 53: 172 [Brussels, Belgium, on

fern in greenhouse]. 1909, Bagnall, Journ. Econ. Biol., 4: 38

[Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, and Glasgow, Scotland, on ferns

and other plants in greenhouses]. 1926, Pettit, 64th Ann. Rep.

Seer. State Board Agr., State of Michigan, p. 219 [East Lansing,

Mich., on fern in greenhouse]. 1926, Priesner, Thys. Eur., pp.

266, 718.1

1 On this latter page Priesner says (translation) : “According to Hood,

in letter, this genus has 7- not 8-segmented antennse. A fuller descrip-

tion must be reserved for some later time, as I am at present not in

possession of actual specimens.”

APRIL, 1931] HOOD NORTH AMERICAN THYSANOPTERA 171

1927, Microthrips leucus Herrick, Ent. News, 38: 278. Fig. 2 [East

Lansing, Michigan, on fern in greenhouse].

This species is represented in the material before me by

cotypic material from Finland, sent to me twenty- two years

ago by Reuter himself, by two specimens from Brussels, Bel-

gium, taken in a greenhouse October 8, 1908, on Duvallia, by

Bagnall, and two specimens from the series which furnished

Mr. Herrick’s types, taken on a fern in a greenhouse at East

Lansing, Michigan, by Donald Ries and Miss E. 1. McDaniel.

One of these specimens is a cotype.

Herrick’s specimens were studied by me in 1925 and 1926,

at which times I told him that the species was Leucothrips

nigripennis.

The insect, as will be seen from the citations given above,

appears to be not rare in greenhouses in both the Old and

New Worlds.

Thrips herricki Bagnall

1926, Thrips herricki Bagnall, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 18:

545 [Ithaca, N, Y., June 27, 1924, G. W. Herrick, on Veratrum

wiride'\.

1927, Thrips veratri Priesner, in letters [Ithaca, N. Y., June 27, 1924,

G. W. Herrick, on Veratrum viride],

1927, Thrips veratri Hood, Ent. Amer., 7: 218. PI. XX, fig. 2 (June

14) [Ithaca, N. Y., June 27, 1924 (G. W. Herrick) and July,

1926 (J. D. H.), on Veratrum viride].

1927, Thrips veratri Herrick, Ent. News, 38: 276. Fig. 1 (October 31)

[Ithaca, N. Y., June 27, 1924, G. W. Herrick, on Veratrum

viride ] .

Mr. Herrick discovered this species at Ithaca, New York,

on False Hellebore (Veratrum viride Ait.) and sent specimens

for determination simultaneously to Bagnall, Priesner, and

myself, each of whom, exercising the right of a specialist to

publish the results of his studies, prepared descriptions for the

press. Two of these descriptions actually appeared. Upon

receiving the results of his poll, Mr. Herrick drew up a fourth

description himself, and published it. No confusion has re-

sulted from this wasted effort, however, three of the four

authors, in naming the insect after the plant on which it was

taken, having employed the same specific name !

Wherever its food plant occurs, in New York State at least,

this much-described insect may usually be found in June and

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

July, feeding, often in abundance, on the broad leaves, usually

in company with its nymphs.

Treherniella amplipennis (Morgan)

1913, Trichothrips amplipennis Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46: 33.

Figs. 64-67. [Quincy, Florida, on Hypericum dolabriforme],

1919, Haploihrips orlando Watson and Osborn, Fla. Buggist, 2: 116.

[Orlando, Florida, taken by sweeping shrubs in “flat woods.’^]

1923, Treherniella orlando, Watson, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui., 168: 67,

81. [Designated as type of the new genus Treherniella\,

The combination of generic knd specific name given above

is new. The following material has been studied in arriving at

the above synonymy :

Florida: Quincy, May 15, 1910, on Hypericum dolabriforme, A. C.

Morgan and G. A. Runner; 2 $ $ (2 slides), paratypes of Tricho-

thrips amplipennis.

Gainesville, August 9, 1919, oak in “flat woods”; 1 paratype of

Haploihrips orlando.

Las Palmas, Merritts I., May 4, 1924, sweeping, J. R. Watson;

1 determined by Watson as Treherniella orlando.

Tampa, February, 1924, T. H. Hubbell; 1 $, determined by Wat-

son as Treherniella orlando.

Bradentown, January 20, 1919, sweeping, Alexander Wetmore;

S $ $, 1

Megalothrips picticornis Hood

1927, Megalothrips picticornis Hood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40: 204

[Blue Lake, Calif., and Salt Lake City, Utah, on dead willow].

1929, Docessissophothrips animus Moulton, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc.,

24: 242 [Mt. View, Calif., and Corvallis, Ore.] 1931, Pan.-Pac.

Ent., 7: 123 [Berkeley, Calif., in scolytid burrows in linden].

There can be little question as to the correctness of the

above synonymy, though Moulton’s specimens apparently lack

the yellow band which I have described as occurring at the

base of the fourth antennal segment. The species is thoroughly

congeneric with the European M. bonannii Uzel (1895) and

the Eastern North American M. spinosus Hood (1908), both

of which have been fully described and figured. Like them,

picticornis is perhaps most frequently found in hollow stems

and in the burrows of various wood-boring beetles. Whether

it is specifically distinct, or later will be found merely entitled

to subspecific rank as a geographical race, further collecting

no doubt will disclose.

APRIL, 1931] MOULTON — A NEW THRIPS

173

AN INTERESTING NEW CALIFORNIA THRIPS

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

Mr. Richard S. B agnail, in his interesting paper on the

Classification of the Thysanoptera, (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

Ser. 10, Vol. 5, p. 574, May, 1930), erects a new Superfamily,

Melanothripoidea, for the Family Melanothripidce, Bagnall.

One of the characters included in this Superfamily is “Apex

of fore tibia armed with a dagger-like scoop, or, if simple,

antennal joint one or two so armed.” Other characters of the

included genera are three- j ointed maxillary and two-jointed

labial palpi, single or horseshoe- shaped sense area on each of

third and fourth antennal segments and the absence of a tarsal

hook.

The genus Dactuliothrips with a maxillary palpus of three

and a labial palpus of two segments cannot be included in the

Superfamily Aeolothripoidea Hood, Family Orothripidcs Bag-

nall, although it has many characters in common with this

group. Also it cannot be included in the Family M elanothripidcs

Bagnall, nor in the Superfamily Melanothripoidea Bagnall,

as now recognized although the predominating characters

would seem to place it in this superfamily. I am therefore

erecting a new family, Dactuliothripidce, and genus and placing

them as follows :

Superfamily Melanothripoidea Bagnall

Family Dactuliothripidae Moulton

Genus Dactuliothrips Moulton

(Daktulios — 3 . ring)

Having the general appearance of an Orothrips or Melanothrips.

Antennae long and slender, with all segments freely movable and

reduced gradually beyond the second. Segments three to nine each

with nine to eleven distinct annulations or rings which are sur-

rounded by whorls of setae. Each of segments three and four with

two circular to oblong sense areas near tip. Maxillary palpus with

three segments and geniculate between second and third, labial pal-

pus with two segments. Fore tibia unarmed, each fore tarsus with

a distinct hook-like appendage. Wings fully developed, broadly

rounded at tip, with ring vein, two longitudinal and four cross veins.

Ovipositor curved upward.

The genus Dactuliothrips may be separated from Orothrips

by the shape of the antennae and the three-segmented maxillary

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

palpus and two-segmented labial palpus. It may be separated

from Melanothrips by the presence of two circular sense areas

on segments three and four and the presence of a tarsal hook-

like appendage.

Dactuliothrips spinosus Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Color uniformly brown to light brown with

fore tibiae and tarsi and third antennal segment yellowish. Wings

uniformly light grayish brown, without darkened cross bands. Body

and wing spines dark brown.

Total body length, 1.44 mm.; head, length .176 mm., width .205

mm.; prothorax, length .147 mm., width .235 mm.; mesothorax,

width .32 mm.; abdomen, width .47 mm. Segments of antenna:

length (width) I, 23 (36); II, 40 (30); III, 56 (23); IV. 66 (21);

V, 63 (18); VI, 63 (17); VII, 50 (16); VIII, 46 (13); IX, 53 (10);

total length of antenna 456 microns. Length of spines: interocellar

73 microns, postoculars, outer and inner, 80 microns, median dorsal

on ninth abdominal segment 133 microns, on tenth segment 140

microns.

Head slightly longer than wide, depressed in front at base of

antenna, cheeks slightly arched. Interocellar, postoculars, and other

spines prominent. Eyes produced in front, ocelli fully developed.

Mouth cone short. Antenna slender, 2.6 times longer than head.

Prothorax with numerous conspicuous spines, especially those at

angles and margins. Legs with numerous conspicuous spines.

Fore femora thickened and armed with a series of four short spurs

on distal half of inner anterior margin. Fore tibia without arma-

ture except a pair of stout spines at tip. Wings with regularly

placed spines on costa, sixteen on fore vein and thirteen on hind

vein.

Abdomen broadly ovate with tergites transversely striate and

more or less densely pubescent at the sides. Terminal segments

small.

Male allotype: Smaller than female, body length .97 mm. Body,

legs, and wings lighter in color than in female, but with all body,

leg, and wing spines conspicuously prominent by their dark color.

The single male specimen has an armature of only three spurs on

inner distal half of each fore femora instead of four as in the female.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, six female

paratypes taken on Prunus demissa (Choke-cherry), May 19,

1929 (G. R. Struble). All types in author’s collection. (Moul-

ton No. 3832.)

Type locality: Willow Ranch, Siskiyou County, California.

APRIL, 1931] BAILEY NEW CALIFORNIA THRIPS

175

A THRIPS NEW TO CALIFORNIA

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California

On September 2, 1930, Mr. A. E. Michelbacher collected

some very unusual thrips from the bark of a dying coast live

oak {Quercus agrifolia Nee). The tree was situated on the

southwest corner of the campus of the University of California,

Berkeley, California. Specimens of this very interesting thrips

sent to Mr. Dudley Moulton of San Francisco were determined

as Pcecilothrips ornatus (Hood). He stated that this was the

first record from California of this rather uncommon thrips.

This species was first described by J. D. Hood in 1913 as

Phlosothrips ornatus from thirty-seven females taken in May

and June on the bark of a dying red oak tree at Washington,

D. C.

Hood stated that there were both winged and wingless

forms and that they were practically identical save for the

presence or absence of the wings. No mention was made of the

male and apparently it never has been collected.

There seems to be no further mention of this species until

1927 when Hood transferred it to the genus Pcecilothrips and

wrote “I have for some years suspected that my Phlceothrips

ornatus might be congeneric, perhaps even conspecific, with

Uzel’s Pcecilothrips albopictus, described and still known only

from the unique type taken in Bohemia. Dr. Priesner (in litt.)

has suggested the same thing, but he has not yet been able to

make a direct comparison.’’

At the same time Hood (1927) reported this species from

New York and Pennsylvania. However, of all the collections

made of this thrips in this country up to September, 1930, the

total number of specimens was represented by forty adult

females, one pupa and seven larvae. The colony here recorded

on a dying coast live oak in Berkeley was represented by several

hundred larvae and adults, both winged and wingless. Of 201

adult females collected on September 3, 1930, twenty-three, or

11.4 per cent, were winged. No males or pupae were found.

Large numbers of eggs, discernible as white specks, were to

be found singly and in clusters on the surface and among the

cracks of the bark. The long axis of the egg was in some cases

176 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

at right angles to the surface of the bark and in other cases

parallel. The clusters of eggs exhibited no order of arrange-

ment.

From careful observations made on this colony during the

fall and winter it appeared that this species, like many of the

suborder Tubulifera, were inhabitants of bark. My observa-

tions seem to be substantiated in that collections of this species

were made in Washington, D. C, from the bark of a dying

red oak, and that the specimens collected in Pennsylvania and

New York were taken under the bark of hickory stumps (two

females were taken flying). It was not definitely ascertained

whether the thrips were feeding only on the exudate of the

dying tree, which was issuing from the deeply cracked bark,

or on fungi, although no fungi were visible under a hand lens.

The adults and larvae were found feeding together in scattered

groups, both on the surface of the bark, and particularly on the

freshly cracked portions of the trunk, from the surface of the

ground to about five feet above. All forms present were very

sluggish in their movements and did not even attempt to seek

shelter under the loose bark when disturbed. Neither egg-

laying, nor emergence of larvae was observed, nor was the

number of larval molts or the rate of egg laying determined.

In association with the thrips were various spiders, many mites,

ants, psocids, and collembolans. From all observations the

mites present were not predacious on the thrips.

During September and October both young and mature

larvae were present, as well as a few winged adults. But as the

season progressed the numbers fell off greatly and by early

December only about ninety large larvae and twenty-five wing-

less adults could be found. No eggs were found after the first

of November. These remaining individuals had concentrated

on the north side of the trunk, which was still exuding a small

amount of sap. The bark on the opposite side of the tree had

dried out and was shrinking away from the trunk. There was

an unusually cold snap during the last of December and during

this period the thrips crawled deep into the crevices of the bark

and under portions that had pulled away from the trunk. All

activity was at a minimum. Throughout the following month

very little activity was evident and the numbers began to drop

APRIL, 1931] BAILEY NEW CALIFORNIA THRIPS

177

off more noticeably until February 1, when only seven wingless

adults could be found and only twenty-seven large larvae. These

surviving individuals were clustered on the north side of the

tree about four inches from the ground on a moist section of

bark partly protected by a clump of dead grass. From this it

would seem that both mature larvae and wingless adults wintered

over and that there was a very great mortality Under such con-

ditions. No other thrips of this species have been found in the

locality. On February 11 the tree was removed, as it was

becoming unsightly and observations on the biology of this

isolated colony were concluded.

Description of the Egg

The egg is quite delicate, oblong, rounded at both ends with the

sides practically parallel. Average length 0.447 mm., average width

0.185 mm. Color snowy white due to a covering of waxy material

over the entire surface. This waxy substance is laid down in reg-

ular hexagonal areas the average width of which is 0.026 mm. On

the anterior end the wax is sometimes present in raised areas, giving

the appearance of tubercles. Previous to hatching the yellowish

tinge of the larva is visible under the wax and, with magnification,

the reddish brown eye-spots are evident, as well as the legs and

antennas which are folded down on the ventral surface of the body.

Upon hatching the anterior end of the chorion is apparently forcibly

ruptured by the increased size of the mature embryo.

Description of the Larva

Newly emerged larva. Total length 0.537 mm. Abdomen ten-

segmented, tapering; length 0.184 mm.; length of tube or tenth seg-

ment 0.066 mm.; ninth segment about one-half as long as tenth;

remainder of segments shorter and about equal. Width of first

abdominal segment 0.123 mm.; width of tenth segment at base

0.034 mm. Head very long in proportion to body, as are the

antennas and legs. Length of head 0.114 mm.; width 0.066 mm.

Width of mesothorax, 0.127 mm. Antenna seven-segmented; length

0.211 mm. Length of antennal segments: I 0.022 mm., II 0.028 mm..

Ill 0.039 mm., IV 0.035 mm., V 0.026 mm., VI 0.026 mm., VII 0.035

mm. First segment short, cylindrical; second, barrel-shaped; third,

fourth, fifth and sixth segments narrower at base; seventh long,

tapering. Color gray; anterior half of second segment very light,

remainder of segments a uniform gray. The eyes are reddish brown

and, in general, the color of the larva is pale yellow with a trace

of crimson on the margins of the abdominal segments. No ocelli.

Spines on head, thorax and abdomen branched at tip.

Full grown larva. The mature larva is very strikingly marked

with crimson and white. There is considerable variation in the size

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

and position of the white areas but from a dorsal view the general

appearance is as follows: head white with lateral margins and two

longitudinal stripes in center crimson; prothorax white with two

irregular areas of crimson in the center; mesothorax crimson, often

with the lateral margins white; metathorax white. Abdomen: first

and second segments crimson, often with circular area of white

in center; third segment white; fourth crimson with an irregular

white spot in center; fifth crimson; sixth white, often with anterior-

lateral margins crimson; seventh, eighth and ninth crimson with

large irregular spots of white in center; tenth reddish brown. Legs

yellowish, tinged with crimson. Eyes dark reddish brown. Ocelli

and genitalia not apparent. First three abdominal segments equal

in width, the remainder tapering to the tube or last segment.

Head slightly wider at base than below eyes. Spines on head and at

posterior angles of thoracic and abdominal segments strong,

branched at tip.

Total length 1.550 mm. Length of head 0.150 mm., abdomen 0.875

mm., tenth abdominal segment 0.075 mm., ninth slightly less than

tenth. Width of head at base 0.139 mm., prothorax 0.328 mm., meso-

thorax 0.417 mm., metathorax 0.437 mm., first abdominal segment

0.398 mm., tenth abdominal segment at base 0.034 mm.

Length of antenna 0.288 mm. Length of antennal segments:

I 0.019 mm., II 0.039 mm.. Ill 0.069 mm., IV 0.049 mm., V 0.039

mm., VI 0.029 mm., VII 0.023 mm. Color of antenna grayish brown,

first, second and third segments slightly tinged with crimson, first

and base of second very light gray. First segment short cylindrical,

second barrel-shaped, third sub-conical, fourth, fifth and sixth also

sub-conical but more abruptly so, seventh short, tapering, bluntly

pointed.

Descriptions of egg and larvae made from a large number of

specimens collected by the author on the bark of a dying coast

live oak, Berkeley, California, September 3, 1930.

Bibliography

Hood, J. D., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXVI, pages 161-166, 1913.

Entomologica Americana, Vol. VII (new series). No. 4, pages

234-235, 1927.

Moulton, D., Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. VII, page 123, 1931.

APRIL, 1931] FENDER YAMHILL COUNTY BUTTERFLIES 179

BUTTERFLIES OF YAMHILL COUNTY, OREGON

BY KENNETH FENDER

McMinn<ville, Oregon

Yamhill County is in the northwestern portion of the State

of Oregon, just south and west of Portland. It has proved a

very fair collecting area for rhopalocera and I thought a list of

the captures over a recent period would be of interest. Some

ninety names are herein recorded, including two newer names

from recent descriptions.

I wish to thank Mr. Robert Rieder and Mr. Ralph Macy,

two local collectors, for their help. Without their notes this list

would be very incomplete.

I have adopted Mr. J. D. Gunder’s style of cataloguing

from his “List of Butterflies of Los Angeles County, Calif.”

(Bulletin So. Calif. Acad. Sci., XXIX, August, 1930), and

believe his use of classification categories, including the use of

transition form in place of the word aberration, to be very

satisfactory. His list quotes original description references,

illustration notices and food plant data, so this information

would, I believe, be superfluous if repeated here.

As this list probably is incomplete, I will record new cap-

tures as they occur, making note of them in future issues of

the Pan-Pacific Entomologist.

1. Papilio bairdii oregonia Edw., a race (or form?).

1 ^ , no date, Carlton. Only specimen thus far reported from

this county.

2. Papilio zelicaon Luc., a species. 1 $ , 1 $ , May 18,

1930, Baker Creek Canyon; 1 $ , April 27, 192'8, McMinnville

1 ^ , May 6, 1928, McMinnville. Well distributed, but seem-

ingly uncommon.

3. Papilio indra Reak., a species. Although this is an

indra territory, I cannot report its capture from this county, but

undoubtedly it is here, as it has been seen.

4. Papilio rutulus Luc., a species. 5 5,3 9 , April 16,

1928, Baker Creek Canyon; 1 5,1 9, May 23, 1928, Muddy

Valley; 9 5,3 9 , July 24, 1930. Common everywhere in the

county and an easy capture.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

5. Papilio eurymedon Luc., a species. 10 5,3 $ , June

16, 1930, Baker Creek Valley; 3 5, May 9, 1930, Muddy

Valley; 9 5,1 9, June 6, 1929, Baker Creek Valley. A

common Papilio, taken at all elevations.

6. Papilio eurymedon albanus F. & F., a form. 1 5 ,

June 6, 1928, mountains above Baker Creek. A seemingly rare

form of this species.

7. Parnassius clodius claudianus Stich., a race. 50 5 ,

10 9 , June 25, 1930, and 20 5 , 7 9 , June 30, 1930, Baker

Creek Canyon. Very common in this particular canyon where

on favorable days it fairly seems to swarm.

8. Parnassius clodius baldur Edw., a form? 2 5,3 9 ,

August 8, 1928, 1 5 , July 12, 1930, and 1 5 , July 16, 1930,

Baker Creek Canyon. Not very plentiful.

9. Neophasia menapia F. & F., a species. 1 5,1 9 , July

27, 1930, 12 5,2 9 , August 6, 1930, 7 5,4 9 , August 12,

1929, Baker Creek Canyon; 1 5 , July 27, 1929, Pea Vine Ridge,

Females difficult to capture, as they fly high.

10. Ascia protodice Bdv. & Lee., a species. 1 9 , August

23, 1930, McMinnville; 1 9, unknown date, Bellview. Prob-

ably a visitor from eastern Oregon.

11. Ascia protodice vernalis Edw. 1 9, August 27,

1930, Bellview. Also a stray.

12. Ascia napi oleracea Harr., a form? This butterfly

is seen on the western boundary of the county.

13. Ascia napi castoria Reak., a seasonal form? 1 9,

August 27, 1930, Bellview. Seldom taken in this county.

14. Ascia napi margin alis Scud., a seasonal form? 3 5,

April 20, and 20 5 9 s, May 3, 1930, Baker Creek Canyon.

Rather common at proper time.

15. Ascia napi pallida Scud., a seasonal form? 3-5,

2 $ , June 18, 1928, 5 5 , June 30, 1929, 2 5,1 9 , June 6,

1930, Baker Creek Canyon. A fragile butterfly hard to secure

in good condition. Females seem to be scarce.

16. Ascia rap^ L., a species. 12 5,9 9 , May 12, 1927.

McMinnville. Common everywhere as usual.

17. Ascia rap^ yreka Reak., a form. 2 5, 1 9 , July

29, 1930, McMinnville. A darker form of the species, espe-

cially dark on the under side.

/ndex

(J)Afc Minnvilte

® Upper Baker Creek "Valley

^ Louver Baher Creek Valley

® Muddy Valley

® Peavine Ridge

®Macy’s farm

® Amity Hills

®3o/a Hills

® Grand Island

® Coast Range

® Field South of McMinnville

® Yamhill County Golf Course

MaPcF COLUCTING GROUNDS in YaMHILLCoUNTY, OREGON-Fender

APRIL, 1931] FENDER — YAMHILL COUNTY BUTTERFLIES

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

18. Anthocharis SARA REAKiRTi Edw., a racc. 12 S ,

April 10, 1929, 6 S , May 16, 1930, Baker Creek Canyon. A

common butterfly. White females not seen.

19. Anthocharis sara reakirti stella Edw., a female

form. 3 $ , April 16, 1927, Baker Creek Canyon ; 5 $ , April

29, 1929, hills north of Bellview; 4 $, May 13, 1930, Baker

Creek Canyon. Certainly a female form of the species in this

locality.

20. Anthocharis sara julia Edw., a race here ? 1 5 ,

May 16, 1930, Baker Creek Canyon; 1 May 27, 1930, Pea

Vine Ridge. Identification uncertain but probable.

21. Eurymus eurytheme Bdv., a species. 1 $ , October

12, 1929, McMinnville. Not common.

22. Eurymus eurytheme autumnalis Ckll., a seasonal

form (?). 1 $, May, 1927, Bellview; 1 $, October 19, 1928,

McMinnville. Divergent emergence may account for the above

records.

23. Eurymus eurytheme amphidusa Bdv., may be a spe-

cies here. 2 S $, August 6, 1927, south of McMinnville;

1 1 9, September 6, 1927, golf course near McMinnville;

5 B , 2 9 , September 6, 1929, near McMinnville. What I take

to be this butterfly is quite common in the county.

24. Eurymus eurytheme amphidusa alba Stkr., a female

form. 2 9 , August 16, 1928, Muddy Valley; 1 9 , October 12,

1930, McMinnville. White females occur continually.

25. Eurymus occidentalis chrysomelas shast^ B. and

Benj., a female form. 1 9 , date unknown, Bellview. The white

female of chrysomelas and rare.

26. Danaus menippe Hbn., a species. 2 S , June 6, 1927,

McMinnville; 1 ^ , August 7, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Quite

scarce in this county because of absence of the food plant,

which is milkweed.

27. CcENONYMPHA CALIFORNIA ERYNGii Hy. Edw., a race.

1 5 , July 7, 1928, and 1 July 23, 1930, McMinnville. Has

more yellow on than the species.

28. CcENONYMPHA AMPELOS Edw., a species. 100 S $ ,

1927, 25 ^ 9 , July 19, 1929, McMinnville. A very common

butterfly.

APRIL, 1931] FENDER YAMHILL COUNTY BUTTERFLIES 183

29. Cercyonis ariane Bdv., a species. 40 ^ , June 12,

1930; 20 5 , 60 $ , June 19, 1930, Pratt’s Farm. The only

Satyr in the county thus far.

30. Argynnis leto Behr, a species. 3^,2$, July 9,

1929, 10 S, July 12, 1930, 25 $, 1 $, July 15, 1930, Baker

Creek Valley. Most plentiful Argynnis in this section; but

females are difficult to secure.

31. Argynnis bremnerii Edw., a species, 6^ $ , July 14,

1929, 12 5 $ , July 12, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Common

in locality noted.

32. Argynnis hydaspe rhodope Edw., a race. 2 $ , 1 $ ,

July 12, 1930, 1 $ , July 16, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Not

plentiful.

33. Argynnis clio Edw. (?) 1 ^ , June 9, 1928, Muddy

Valley. I hesitate to try to identify this specimen until Mr.

Gunder’s revision of the genus appears.

34. Brenthis epithore Edw., a species. 25 $ ,7 $ , May

17, 1930, 16 $ , 3 2 , June 4, 1930, Baker Creek Valley.

Common from May till late July.

35. Euphydryas chalcedona D. and H., a species. 2 $ ,

May 26, 1930, Baker Creek Valley; 1 2 , May 23, 1928, Lower

Baker Creek. Seldom found in this district.

36. Euphydryas chalcedona colon Edw. ( ?) , a race.

1 $ , May 30, 1929, Baker Creek Valley; 2 $, June 4, 1930,

Lower Baker Creek Valley. More local exploration is needed

to determine these specimens with certainty.

37. Phyciodes campestris Behr., a species, 5 $ , 3 2,

May 16, 1928, Muddy Valley; 3 $, August 6, 1930, Baker

Creek Valley. Common in May and June.

38. Phyciodes mylitta Edw., a species. 12 $ , May 8,

1930, Baker Creek Valley; 1 ^ , 1 2 , July 16, 1930, McMinn-

ville. Plentiful throughout the county.

39. Phyciodes mylitta macyi Fender., a transition form.

1 $ , September 6, 1929, Pea Vine Ridge. (Ent. News, June,

1930). Albifusism.

40. Phyciodes mylitta collinsi Gund., a transition form.

1 3 , July 4, 1929, McMinnville. Immaculism.

41. PoLYGONiA SATYRUS Edw,, a species. 7 S 9 , April 25,

1928, 15 ^ 2, May 9, 1929, McMinnville; 6^,1 2, July 16,

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

1930, Baker Creek Valley. Common enough in the valleys at

the forest edge.

42. Polygon lA satyrus chrysoptera Wrgt., a form. 1 S ,

2 $ , undated, McMinnville. A lightly colored form of this

species.

43. PoLYGONiA SATYRUS MARSYAS Edw., a race (?). 2 $ ,

April 25, 1928, 2 1 $ , April 27, 1928, McMinnville. A

scarce Satyr.

44. PoLYGONiA FAUNUS RUSTicus Edw., a race. 15^9,

April 12, 1930, 5 ^9, May 4, 1930, Baker Creek Valley.

Many can be captured in the valleys of the foothills.

45. PoLYGONiA OREAs Edw., a species. 1 $ , April 27, 1930,

Baker Creek Valley. This is the only record thus far.

46. PoLYGONiA OREAS siLENUs Edw., a racc. 3 $ , 1 9 ,

May 20, 1928, 2 ^ , May 29, 1929, Muddy Valley; 1^,29,

April 12, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Considered a rare butter-

fly and a high flier.

47. Aglais californica Bdv., a species. 1 $ , May 16,

1929, Baker Creek Valley; also 1 $ taken near McMinnville.

Strangely rare in this collecting area.

48. Aglais milberti Godt., a species. 1 $ , June 7, 1928,

McMinnville. Rare here.

49. Aglais milberti subpallida Ckll., a form. 1 $ , July

12, 1929, Yamhill County golf course; 2 5, June 16, 1930,

Baker Creek Valley. This form is evidently commoner than

the species itself. Much intergradation.

50. Aglais antiopa L., a species. 4^,1 9 , April 8, 1930,

1 $ , July 16, 1929, Baker Creek Valley. This species seems

to be with us the year round*

51. Cynthia atalanta L., a species. 2 $ , May 12, 1928,

3 $ (bred), June 14, 1929, McMinnville. Found most every-

where.

52. Cynthia virginiensis Dru., a species. 1 $ , May 24,

1929, McMinnville. Not at all common here.

53. Cynthia cardui L., a species. 1 ^ , May 16, 1928,

1 $ , May 24, 1930, Muddy Valley. Scarcely ever taken in the

county, but may be plentiful at times.

54. Cynthia carye Hbn., a species. 4^9, April 25, 1928,

6 (J 9 , April 27, 1928, McMinnville. Common in comparison

APRIL, 1931] FENDER YAMHILL COUNTY BUTTERFLIES 185

to cardui. This species likes to play along the edges of the

woods with the Grapta species.

55. Cynthia carye muelleri Letch., a transition form.

1 $ , July 23, 1930, Macy’s Farm. This specimen was picked

off the front of an auto.

56. Basilarchia weidemeyerii Edw., a species. 1 $ , un-

dated, foothills south of McMinnville. Probably a visitor in

this region.

57. Basilarchia lorquini Bdv., a species. 5 $ , July 24,

1930, Baker Creek Valley; 2 $, 1 $, May 9, 1928, Muddy

Valley. Our commonest Admiral.

58. Basilarchia lorquini eavesii Edw., a form. 1 $ ,

August 6, 1930, McMinnville. A form in which a row of spots

appear on the upper side of secondaries.

59. Basilarchia lorquini burrisoni Mayn., a race (?).

10 $ , 3 $ , May 24, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. There is evi-

dently a local colony of this up Baker Creek.

60. Heterochroa bredowii californica Butl., a race.

1 July 29, 1928, McMinnville; 2 $, 1$, August 6, 1930,

Baker Creek Valley. Quite rarely found.

61. Atlides HALESus Cram., a species. 1^,1 9 , undated,

Macy’s Farm near McMinnville. Considered a very lucky catch

in this region.

62. Strymon melinus Hbn., a species. In local collec-

tions, evidently from this district.

63. Strymon sylvinus Bdv., a species. 9 $ 2 , May 18,

1930, 6 $ 2 , June 14, 1929, Baker Creek Valley. Taken often

in foothills and higher levels.

64. Incisalia iroides Bdv., a species. 1 $ , July 12, 1930,

1 9 , July 16, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Last year I was glad

to find this butterfly for the first time.

65. Incisalia eryphon Bdy., a species. 1 3 , July 26, 1930,

Baker Creek Canyon. Probably more records of this species

will be available later.

66. Callophrys dumetorum Bdv., a species. 2 3 , June 8,

1930, 1 3 , June 27, 1930, Valley of Baker Creek. Probably

common enough if searched for.

67. Tharsalea virginiensis Edw., a species. S3, 2 9,

June 18, and 2 3 , I 2 , June 27, 1929, Lower Baker Creek

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

Valley. A small local habitat of this species has thus far been

the only colony found in this region.

68. Lyc^ena xanthoides Bdv., a species. 1 ^ , 1 $ , June

18, 1928, 1 $ , June 27, 1928, Macy’s Farm near McMinnville.

The northern limit of this species evidently just reaches this

county.

69. Lyc^na helloides Bdv., a species. 3 ^ , 3 9 , June 8,

1928, 7^,39, June 21, 1929, McMinnville; 2^,49, July 12,

1930, Baker Creek Canyon. This pretty little copper is our

commonest butterfly in the genus.

70. Everes amyntula Bdv., a species. 4 5,2 9 , April 8,

1929, 2 5,29, May 18, 1930, Baker Creek Valley and Canyon.

Fairly plentiful.

71. Plebeius MELISSA Edw., a species. 1 5 , June 7, 1930,

fields south of McMinnville. Probably only a chance record,

though there may be a numerous colony.

72. Plebeius maricopa fenderi Macy, a race. 1 5,2 9 ,

May 25, 1929, taken on an isolated patch of lupine just west of

Macy’s Farm. (Ent. News, January, 1931).

73. Plebeius acmon D. and H,, a species. 6 5,29, May

18, 1929, Redmond’s rock crusher; 10 5,6 9, June 11, 1927,

Grand Island. Common enough most everywhere.

74. Plebeius acmon cottlei Grin., a seasonal form. 1 5 ,

1 9 , April 12, 1928, at same locality as species. Has darker

underside. Is an interesting catch.

75. Philotes battoides oregonensis B. and McD., a race.

1 5 , July 27, 1927, Muddy Valley. Only record thus far.

76. Glaucopsyche xerces Polyphemus Bdv., a race (?).

4 5,3 9 , May 16, 1930, 2 5,1 9 , June 7, 1930, Baker Creek

Valley. The synonymy of Barnes and Benjamin check list is

difficult to understand in this group.

77. Glaucopsyche xerces antiacis Bdv., a form or race

(?). 15,29, May 19, 1928, McMinnville. As in No. 76,

this group is difficult to identify.

78. Lyc^nopsis pseudargiolus B. and L. (form or race

of, ?). 12 5 , 5 9 , May 27, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Quite

common.

79. Lyc^nopsis pseudargiolus neglecta Edw., a sea-

sonal form. 1 5 , June 26, 1930, Baker Creek Valley. Scarcer

than the species.

APRIL, 1931] FENDER YAMHILL COUNTY BUTTERFLIES 187

80. Epargyreus tityrus Fabr., a species. 3 $ , July 12,

1927, Baker Creek Valley; 10 ^ , 8 9 , July 24, 1930, Baker

Creek Valley. Many to be taken in the foothills.

81. Pyrgus ruralis Bdv., a species. 2 $ , 2 9 , July 7,

1927, 1 5,3 9 , July 12, 1929, Baker Creek Valley. This one

locality is the only spot thus far found here for this butterfly.

82. Pyrgus tessellata occidentalis Skin., a race. 1 5 ,

1 9, July 18, 1928, McMinnville; 1 5, June 11, 1927, Grand

Island. Not numerous, but probably taken throughout this

county.

83. Pyrgus scriptura Bdv., a species. 1 5 , July 16, 1928,

Baker Creek Valley. Rare here as it evidently is most every-

where.

84. Erynnis persius afranius Lint. (?), a race. 2 5,

June 8, 1929, Muddy Valley; 2 5,19, July 24, 1930, Baker

Creek Valley. A relatively common skipper.

85. Erynnis Propertius S. and B., a species. 6 5,3 9 ,

May 12, 1926, Muddy Valley; 3 5,3 9 , May 4, 1928, Baker

Creek Valley; 6 5,4 9, May 28, 1929, Eola Hills. A very

plentiful hill skipper.

86. Pamphilida pal^mon Pall., a species. 2 5 , July 19,

1930, Baker Creek Valley. Uncommon skipper here as it is

elsewhere in the West.

87. PoLiTES SONORA Scud., a species. 1 5 , July 12, 1929,

McMinnville. A scarce capture in these parts.

88. PoLiTES MARDON Edw., a species. 1 5 , June 28, 1929,

McMinnville; 1 9, June 10, 1930, Baker Creek Canyon. A

rare butterfly.

89. PoLiTEs SABULETi Bdv., 2 l species. 20 5,9 9 , August

6, 1929; 45 5 9 , August 21, 1930, McMinnville. This skipper

swarms in quantity in the valleys during August.

90. Atrytone vestris Bdv., a species. 3 5 , July 13, 1928,

2 5,1 9 , July 24, 1929, Baker Creek Valley. Quite common

. in collections.

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

A NEW BRACHYTARSUS FROM CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera — Platystomidse)

BY R. E. BARRETT

Saticoy, California

Brachytarsus franseria Barrett, n. sp.

Oval, robust, less than twice as long as wide, brown, thickly

clothed with short, dark brown and yellow pubescence. Head pice-

ous with sparse yellow pubescence; beak with sides slightly oblique,

tip of mandibles castaneous; eyes emarginate; antennal grooves

reaching the eyes; antennae inserted on the sides of the beak; seg-

ments 1 and 2 robust, the second slightly longer and noticeably

broader; segments 3 to 8 shorter and more slender; segments 9 to 11

forming an oval and very slightly compressed club; segments 1 to 9

castaneous; club piceous. Thorax as wide at base as long; basal

Carina strongly arcuate, reflexed at hind angles when viewed from

above, scarcely extending along the sides. Elytral striae evenly

spaced and parallel, tessellated on alternate intervals. Body beneath

finely pubescent; legs with femur piceous, tibia and tarsus casta-

neous, claws minutely cleft. Length, 2.0 to 2.5 mm.; breadth, 1.0

to 1.3 mm.

Holotype, No. 3005, in the Museum of the California

Academy of Sciences. Numerous paratypes in my own col-

lection. All specimens were taken by me on ragweed, Franseria

bipinnatifida Nutt., growing on the sand hills at Hueneme, Ven-

tura County, California. A series of specimens were first col-

lected July 18, 1926, and another series on April 16, 1931.

Considerable variation is shown in the series at hand. The

April specimens are darker and the elytra lack much of the

tessellated appearance. Four specimens collected in April have

the tibia and tarsus piceous.

This species should be placed near alternatus in our lists,

from which it may be readily separated by the color of the legs.

The numbers of Volume VII of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist were mailed on the following dates : No. 1, on Sep-

tember 26, 1930; No. 2, on December 12, 1930; No. 3, on April

7, 1931; No. 4, on June 2, 1931.

APRIL, 1931] CHAMBERLIN CHILOPODS

189

ON THREE NEW CHILOPODS

BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

University of Utah

The three new Chilopods described below were represented

in collections taken at quarantine by United States inspectors

at Honolulu and New Orleans, as indicated, and sent to the

author for determination. The types of the new forms are in

the author’s collection.

Cryptopid^

Cryptops vector Chamberlin, sp. nov.

General color yellow, with anal legs and especially the antennae

orange.

Cephalic plate smooth, wholly lacking the longitudinal sulci;

overlapping the first dorsal plate. Antennae composed of seventeen

very short articles of which the first five or six bear longer hairs.

First tergite with paired longitudinal sulci which meet anteriorly,

in a depression, a median angulation in the free transverse sulcus.

Second tergite with complete paired sulci. Succeeding tergites

also with paired sulci, but with no indication of keels. Prosternal

margin straight or slightly concave from end to end, without median

emargination. Last ventral plate short, strongly narrowed caudad;

the caudal margin rather wide, scarcely convex, the posterior corners

rounded. Coxopleura caudally truncate; bearing short spinescent

setae caudally and laterally; pores small and few in number, far from

reaching the caudal margin or dorsal plate.

Femur of anal legs bearing numerous spines ventrally, laterally,

and dorsally, with a few ordinary setae above, especially toward

distal end; dorsally with a median longitudinal furrow which is

deeper at caudal end; without teeth. Tibia with ventral and misal

surfaces bearing numerous spines, leaving no clear area, the ectal

and dorsal surfaces bearing ordinary setae; a single tooth near caudal

end beneath; a median longitudinal sulcus at caudal end above.

Metatarsus with a series of four teeth beneath. First tarsal joint

with two teeth beneath. Tarsi of all legs, excepting the last two

pairs, wholly undivided.

Length, about 16 mm.

Locality: One specimen taken at New Orleans, Louisiana,

on banana debris from Honduras, July 1, 1930.

This species seems to have nearest affinities with C. hyalinus

Say and C. detectus Silvestri. From the first it may be readily

separated by the absence of a median keel on tergites, the

presence of a dorsal longitudinal furrow on femur and tibia

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VII^ NO. 4

of anal legs, and the presence of a single tooth on tibia beneath.

From detectus it differs in having four ventral teeth on the first

tarsal joint instead of only two, etc.

Lithobiid.(E

Tidabius vector Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Dorsally yellowish brown in color, with head and distal ends of

antennae and lights a brighter, somewhat lemon-yellow, color.

Antennae short, composed of twenty-six, mostly very short, arti-

cles. Eye patch linear, composed of about eight ocelli in two series,

e. g., 1 + 4, 3. Prosternal teeth uniform, 2 -f 2. Coxal pores, small,

round, 3, 3, 3, 3.

Ventral spines of first legs, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1. Penult legs with two

claws; ventral spines, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1; dorsal spines, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0. Anal

legs with two claws; ventral spines, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0; dorsal spines, 0, 0,

2, 0, 0. None of coxae armed.

Posterior legs of male simply inflated, with no special lobes.

Length, approximately 7 mm.

Locality: One male (holotype) taken at Honolulu, Hawaii,

July 17, 1930, in packing about orchids from Mexico.

Among species of the genus having the ventral spines of

the anal legs, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, and the dorsal spines of the penult

legs, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, agreeing with nasinttis Chamberlin and suitus

Chamberlin in bearing only two claws on the anal leg. From

these two species it seems to differ in smaller number of an-

tennal articles (26 as against 29-32), somewhat fewer ocelli,

and in having the coxal pores 3, 3, 3, 3 instead of uniformly

2, 3, 3, 3.

Ethopolid^

Bothropolys (Synopolys, subgen. nov.) epelus

Chamberlin, sp. nov.

Dorsum brpwn, the cephalic plate and antennae somewhat chest-

nut; legs yellowish, more brightly pigmented distally.

Antennae of moderate length, composed of the usual two articles.

Ocelli numerous, typically in four series in which the ocelli decrease

in size cephalad and ventrad, e. g., 1 + 6, 6, 4, 3. Prosternal teethS

small, black, uniform, in the holotype 6 + 6. Dorsal plates strongly

and irregularly subrugose. Posterior angles of seventh, ninth,

eleventh, and thirteenth dorsal plates produced, the angles of the

seventh plate less strongly but nevertheless distinctly produced.

Ventral spines of first legs, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2. Ventral spines of the

penult legs, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal spines, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1; claw single. Axial

legs many. Last two pairs of coxae armed ventrally, laterally, and

APRIL, 1931]

CHAMBERLIN CHILOPODS

191

dorsally; the two preceding poriferous, coxae not armed ventrally.

Claw of female genital forceps tripartite, the lateral lobes small.

Basal spines slender, 3+3.

Length, near 15 mm.

Locality: One female, the holotype, was taken on the dock

at New Orleans, September 2, 1930.

This species, which may have escaped from a ship at the

dock, has its nearest known relations among the North Ameri-

can species of the genus. With these it agrees in the general

characters of head, prosternum, antennae, etc. It differs from

all of them in having the angles of the seventh tergite produced

while those of the sixth are not, and in having the basal spines

of the female gonopods 3 -j- 3 instead of 2 2. These two

characters are the basis of its subgeneric distinction from

PoropolySj in which neither the sixth nor the seventh dorsal

plates have their angles produced ; and from Bothropolys sens,

str. in which only the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth dorsal

plates have their angles produced.

A New Pest of the Avocado in California

Caulophilus latinasus (Say) was found by the writer feed-

ingin the seeds of avocado in Orange County (April 12, 1931).

Adults and larvae of all sizes were found in the seeds, which

were completely riddled. This weevil has been known in the

Southern States since 1831, but record of its occurrence in the

West is lacking. It is listed as also occurring in the West

Indies, Mexico, and Guatemala. Other known hosts are chick-

peas and Indian corn. — R. E. Barrett.

Macrosargus cuprarius Linn, in California

On May 24, 1930, I noted many larvae of this Stratiomyid

in dry cow manure near Orangevale, Sacramento County. A

number of the slender, metallic bluish-green adults emerged

during June. Dr. J. M. Aldrich writes concerning this species

that it is of European origin, first reported in this country from

the vicinity of Philadelphia in 1896. It was known in Wis-

consin in 1913 and throughout Canada by 1927. The species

was determined by C. T. Green. — H. H. Keifer, Sacramento.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with the California Academy of Sciences

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor S. B. Freeborn, Treasurer

In the April 3, 1931, number of Science^ Dr. Stiles expresses

much concern regarding the future of the international code

of zoological nomenclature, basing his unfavorable prognosis

upon the action of the Padua (1930) meeting of the Inter-

national Zoological Congress in amending the interndtional

rules in the open meeting of the Congress without such amend-

ment having been acted upon by the International Committee

on Zoological Nomenclature. There can be no question but the

work of the International Committee has been of inestimable

value to zoology through stabilization of its nomenclature, and

it is most earnestly to be hoped that no permanent rift will

rob these efforts of their international character. Probably

all active working entomologists follow these rules rigidly or

endeavor to do so. The so-called ‘'Opinions” are really but per-

sonal interpretations of the rules and there is not yet the same

unanimity in their observance. Some of these “Opinions” were

adopted by the committee without the unanimous agreement

required in the case of the rules and probably will be recon-

sidered later.

Among entomologists at least there is still some divergence

of opinion as to what constitutes the valid naming of a geno-

type. Apparently Fabricius was the first to indicate genotypes,

which he first attempted in 1794 by repeating, in certain genera,

the generic diagnosis in his description of the species he in-

tended should be taken as the type of the genus. Lamarck in

1801 undoubtedly was the first to designate types for each

genus of which he treats, and these type fixations are accepted

by many of our entomologists despite the fact that the Inter-

national Committee ruled in Opinion 79 that this work could

not be considered as fixing genotypes. This and other incon-

sistencies found in these “Opinions” will, without doubt, be

eliminated in time, but in any case they do not affect the validity

and great value of the international rules which should be, and

probably are, accepted by all workers in systematic zoology, in

this country at least. The foundation is satisfactory to all; the

superstructure only needs repairs in certain places. — E. P. Van

Duzee.

193

INDEX TO VOLUME VII

Abdastartus sacchari Drake, 15.

tyrianus Di6t., 15,

Aeolothrips aureus Mltn., 122.

Ancylandrena Ckll., 5,

Andrena, partial key, 7,

heterodoxa Ckll., 6.

Anomocera Cwf., 137.

Aphalara Frst., 132.

gutierrezise Klv., 134.

minutissima Cwf., 137.

minutistylus Klv., 135.

pulchella Cwf., 134.

suaedae Cwf., 133.

Aphalaroida Cwf., 138.

intermedia Klv., 139,

Aphodius davisi Fall, 73.

vandykei Brtt., 101.

Arctocorixa omani Hungf., 25,

blaisdelli Hungf., 26.

Argyresthia cupressella Wlshm.,

76.

franciscella Busck, 76.

. pilatella Braun, 76.

trifasciae Braun, 76.

Aligia, key, 119.

chiricana Ball, 121.

dellana Ball, 120.

descripta Ball, 119.

santana Ball, 121.

turbinata Ball, 120.

Bailey, S. F., paper by, 175.

Ball, E. D., papers by, 9, 119.

Bare, C. O., paper by, 115,

Barnes, William, Necrology, 16.

Barrett, R. E., note by, 191.

Barrett, R. E., paper by, 101, 188.

Bedunia adusta V. D., 64.

Beebea guglielmi Schaus, 1.

Bennarella Muir, 12.

bicoloripennis Muir, 12.

fusca Muir, 13,

Bequaert, J., paper by, 91.

Blaisdell, F. E., papers by, 17,

111 .

Bothropolys epelus Chmbl., 190.

Brachytarsus franceria Brtt.,

188

Bruck, C. R., paper by, 126.

Buenoa arizonis Bare, 115.

Butterflies of Yamhill County,

Oregon, 179.

Cactus Moth, 1.

Calyxochaetus, Monog., 53.

abbreviatus V. D., 54.

cilifemoratus V. D., 54.

clavicornis V. D., 55.

distortus V. D., 55.

fortunatus Whl., 56.

frontalis Lw., 56.

hastatus V. D., 57.

luteipes V, D., 57.

nodatus Lw., 58.

oreas Whl., 58.

sobrinus Whl., 59.

vegetus Whl., 59.

Cardiophorus aptopoides Cand.,

156.

Caulophilus latinasus Say, 191.

Chamberlin, R. V,, papers by, 65,

189.

Chermidse of Utah, etc, 131.

Chilopods, 65, 189.

Cockerell, T. D. A., paper by, 5.

Comstock’s Manual, Review, 2.

Corixidse, new, 22.

Cryptops navis Chmb., 65.

vector Chmbl., 189.

Cryptothrips rectangularis Hood,

123.

Dactuliothripidae Mltn., 173.

Dactuliothrips Mltn., 173.

spinosus Mltn., 174.

Diphyllostoma nigricollis Fall, 95.

Diptera, biting, 99.

Docessissophothrips animus

Mltn., 123.

Drake, C. J., paper by, 15.

Ecyrus, N. Am., 85.

arcuatus Gah., 90.

cornutus Linsl., 86.

dasycerus Say, 89.

194

INDEX TO VOLUME VII

Ecyrus fasciatus Hmlt., 90, 106.

hirtipes Gah., 89.

pencillatus Bates, 89.

texanus Sch., 90.

Epipocus subcostatus Gor., 156.

Epithectis californica Kfr., 27.

Essig, E. O., paper by, 97.

Euryptera cruenta Mrtn., 70.

Fall, H. C., papers by, 73, 154.

Fender, K., paper by, 179.

Flanders, S. E., paper by, 20.

Gelechia arbutina Kfr., 29.

manzanitae Kfr., 31.

panella Busk., 34.

Graptocorixa Hungf., 22.

abdominalis Say, 23.

californica Hungf., 23.

gerhardi Hungf., 25.

melanogaster Kirk., 25.

serrulata Chi., 23

uhleri Hungf., 23

Gunder's List of Butterflies, Re-

view of, 130.

Gunn Collection, 72.

Gunn, N. R., Necrology, 19.

Guthrie, E., paper by, 107.

Gyrinus instabilis Fall, 155.

Hatch, M. H., paper by, 103.

Hesperorhipis Fall, 74.

albofasciatus Fall, 75.

Heteropsylla Cwf, 140.

texana Cwf., 140.

Hinton, H., paper by, 94.

Hood, J. D., paper by, 170.

Hopping, R., paper by, 105.

Hungerford, H. B., paper by, 22.

Ischnocerus angulata Mrtn., 71.

Ischnorrhynchus obovatus, V. D.,

no.

Keifer, H. H., note by, 191.

Keifer, H. H., papers by, 27, 76.

Klyver, F. D., papers by, 131,

157.

Krizousacorixa Hungf., 22.

Lawson, P. B., paper by, 159.

Lepidomys irrenosa Gn., 8.

Leucothrips Rent., 170.

nigripennis Rent., 171.

Lina scripta Fab., 107.

Linsley, E. G., papers by, 77, 106.

Listrus n. tincticornis Blsd., 19.

Macrosargus cuprarius L., 191.

Malachius calif ornicus Brtt., 102.

Martin, J. O., paper by, 70.

McGlashan, C. F., Necrology, 97.

Megalothrips picticornis Hood,

172.

Melyridas, Studies in, 17.

Microlepidoptera, 27, 76.

Moulton, D., papers by, 122, 173.

Muir, F., paper by, 12.

Needham’s Odonata of China,

169.

Nipponobius sinensis Chmb., 68.

Nymphocixia vanduzeei Muir,

13.

Odonata of China, 169.

Odontomyia pilosa Day, 104.

Odynerus margaretellus Rohw.,

72.

Otostigmus sinicolens Chrtib., 66.

mians Chmb., 67.

Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc., 142.

Pentatomidse of Utah, 124.

Phasdon, note on, 103.

oklahomensis Htch., 103.

planus Htch., 104.

Phlaeothrips ornatus Hood, 175.

Phloeosinus aciculatus B ruck, 127.

variolatus Bruck, 126.

Platylygus vanduzeei Usng., 129.

Plebejus i. moroensis Strny., 93.

Ploas atratula Lw., 104.

Poecilothrips ornatus Hoodj 123.

Pogonocherus, N. Am., 77, 105.

arizonicus Sch., 80.

californicus Sch., 84.

concolor Sch., 84.

crinitus Lee., 80.

fasciculatus DeG., 83.

mixtus Hald., 81.

negundo Sch., 84.

obscurus Fall, 85.

parvulus Lee., 106.

penicillatus Lee., 83.

pictus Fall, 80.

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME SEVEN

July, 1930, to April, 1931

San Francisco, California

193 1

Contents of Volume Seven

Ball, E. D.

A New Species and Variety of Scolops with Notes on

Others 9

Some New Leafhoppers of the Genus Aligia 119

Bailey, Stanley F.

A Thrips New to California 175

Bare, Clarence O.

A Buenoa of Southwest United States and Mexico 115

Barrett, R. E.

New Species of Aphodius and Malachius from Cali-

fornia 101

A New Brachy tarsus from California 188

Bequaert, J.

Ashmead’s Genus Polistella 91

Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr.

Studies in the Melyridse, Number Eight 17

A New Species of Zopherodes from Central California....! 11

Bruck, C. R.

Two New Species of Bark Beetles of the Genus PhlcEO-

sinus Chapius 126

Chamberlin, Ralph V.

On Some Chilopods Immigrant at Hawaii 65

On Three New Chilopods 189

Cockerell, T. D. A.

A New Subgenus of Andrenine Bees 5

Drake, Carl J.

A New Sugar-Cane Tingitid from Java and Sumatra 15

Essig, E. O.

Charles Fayette McGlashan 97

Fall, H. C.

A New Aphodius and a New Genus and Species of

Buprestidse from California 73

A New Gyrinus from Alaska, with References to Other

Recently Described Species 154

Fender, Kenneth

Butterflies of Yamhill County, Oregon 179

Flanders, Stanley E.

Races of Trichogramma minutum 20

Ill

Guthrie, Esther

Notes on Egg Hatching — Larval, Pupal, and Adult De-

velopment in Lina scripta Fabr 107

Hatch, Melville H.

Notes on Phaedon 103

Hinton, Howard

Observations on Two California Beetles 94

Hood, J. Douglas

Synonyms in the North American Thysanoptera 170

Hopping, Ralph

Notes on Pogonocherus 105

Hungerford, H. B.

New Corixidae from Western North America 22

Keifer, H. H.

California Microlepidoptera IV 27

Klyver, F. D.

Chermidae from Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, Including

Three New Species 131, 157

Lawson, Paul B.

The Genus Xerophloea in North America 159

Linsley, E. Gorton

New Pogonocherus and Ecyrus, with Notes Concerning

Others 77

Martin, J. O.

Two New Coleopterous Insects from Arizona 70

Moulton, Dudley

A New Aeolothrips from Nevada with Notes on Three

Other Species Found in California 122

An Interesting New California Thrips 173

Muir, F.

Three New Species of American Cixiidae 12

Stanford, J. S.

Notes on Diptera Attacking Man in Sevier County,

Utah ^ 99

Sternitzky, R. F.

A New Subspecies of Plebejus icarioides Bdv 93

Thorpe, W. H.

Miscellaneous Records of Insects Inhabiting the Saline

Waters of the California Desert Regions 145

Usinger, R. L.

A New Species of Platylygus 129

Van Duzee, E. P.

A New Bedunia 64

A New Ischnorrhynchus 110

Van Duzee, M. C.

The Dipterous Genus Sympycnus Lowe in North

America and the West Indies .....35, 49

Williams, Francis X

Beebea guglielmi Schaus, A Pyralid Moth Borer of the

Opuntia Cactus in the Galapagos Islands 1

Woodbury, Lowell A.

A List of the Pentatomidae of Zion National Park,

Utah 124

INDEX TO VOLUME VII

195

Pogonocherus pilatei V. D., 83.

salicicola Csy., 81, 106.

vandykei Linsl., 82.

volitans Lee., 85.

Polistella Ashm., 91.

Saline Water Insects, 145.

Scolops graphicus Ball, 9.

u. marginatus Ball, 10.

perdix Uhl., 11.

stonei Break., 11.

Stanford, J. S., paper by, 99.

Sternitzky, R. F., note by, 19.

Sternitzky, R. F., paper by, 93.

Sympyenus, Mong., 35.

aldrichi V. D., 39.

angustipennis Aid., 39.

aurifacies V. D., 39.

breviventris V. D., 40.

calcaratus V. D., 41.

canadensis V. D., 42.

caudatus V. D., 42.

clavatus V. D., 42.

cuprinus Whl., 43.

fasciventris V. D., 43.

globulicauda V. D., 43.

inaequalis V. D., 44.

laevigatus V. D., 45.

latitarsis V. D., 46.

lineatus Lw., 46.

marcidus Whl., 47.

montanus V. D., 47.

pugil Whl., 49.

pulvillus V. D., 49.

setosus V. D., 50.

tertianus Lw., 51.

thoracicus V. D., 51.

tripilus V. D., 52.

varipes Aid., 53.

Synopolys Chmbl., 190.

Thorpe, W. H., paper by, 145.

Thrips herricki Bagn., 171.

Thysanoptera, 122, 170, 173, 175.

Tidabius vector Chmbl., 190.

Treherniella amplipennis Morg.,

172.

Trichochrous 4-notatus Blsd., 17.

punctipennis Lee., 19.

Trichogramma minutum, 20.

Trioza lobata Cwf., 143.

Type vs. description, 96.

Usinger, R. L., paper by, 129.

Valgus californicus Horn, 94.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 8,

16, 69, 104, 130.

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by, 64,

no.

Van Duzee, M. C., paper by, 35.

Van Dyke, E. C., note by, 95.

Williams, F. X., paper by, 1.

Woodbury, L. A., paper by, 124.

Xerophloea Germ., key, 160.

brunnea Laws., 163.

californica Laws., 163.

inflata Laws., 164.

majesta Laws., 165.

major Bak., 169.

minor Laws., 162.

obtusa Laws., 162.

oraclis Laws., 165.

robusta Laws., 164.

tenuata Laws., 165.

vanduzeei Laws., 161.

viridis Fab., 166.

zionis Laws., 161.

Zoological Nomenclature, 192.

Zopherodes, key, 113.

sanctaehelenae Blsd., 111.

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