Vol. VIII

No. 1

July, 1931

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

COTTLE, WHERE SOME RARE BUTTERFLIES FLY 1

LIGHT, THE TERMITES OF NEVADA 5

KLYVER, PEDOGENESIS IN A CECIDOMYIID 9

KLYVERj CHERMIDE FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA AND WASHINGTON ... 11

VAN DUZEE, M. C., NEW DOLICHOPODIDE FROM JAVA 17

BLACKWELDER, THE SPHERIDIINE OF THE PACIFIC COAST 19

DRAKE AND HARRIS, FURTHER NOTES ON THE GENUS RHAGOVELIA ... 33

ESSIG, THE NEGRO SCALE IN CALIFORNIA 36

LINSLEY, A NEW MOLORCHUS FROM CALIFORNIA 37

GUNDERj REVIEW OF HOLLAND’S BUTTERFLY BOOK 39

VAN DUZEE, E. P., EDITORIAL NOTE ON HOLLAND’S BUTTERFLY BOOK . . 40

BLAISDELL, STUDIES IN THE TENEBRIONIDJE, III 41

CHAMBERLIN, NEW BUPRESTIDJE FROM CALIFORNIA 47

ESSIG, NOTE ON THE REDWOOD SCALE 48

San Francisco, California

1931

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol VIII, No. 1

July, 1931

WHERE SOME RARE BUTTERFLIES FLY

BY JAMES EDWARD COTTLE

Hayward , California

Every entomologist knows the call of the wanderlust and

at some time or other most of us have been able to answer that

call. They say it’s nature’s yearning to explore and our inherent

desire to realize the excitement of quest. However, whatever

it may be, last spring, to put it brusquely, my feet began to itch

for the long trails and my mind sought the solace of far distant

meadows. Is it not wonderful that in retrospective, one can

vision the laurel on the hills and picture the gray sage upon a

painted desert? Albeit, to my mind, this but formed a back-

ground of what I really craved to see, and that was the habitats

of certain rare butterflies ; shall we call them flying treasures of

the air which all entomologists love to look upon? The question

was could I really find them ?

With these thoughts in mind, I packed my kit and resolved

to obey my summons. Hence it was that on June 10 last, 'I

turned my steps toward Spring Mountain, near St. Helena, in

Napa County, California, where to find Argynnis lilliana Hy.

Edw. in its native type locality. I had been there before, years

ago, with Prof. Owen and had also trod those same butterfly

paths with Dr. Hans Herman Behr, late Curator of the Califor-

nia Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, so I knew my

locality. However, fate was somewhat against me and the col-

lecting was poor. Owing perhaps to a scarcity of rain, I only

took 16 males and 2 females. The females of the species

were really what I had made the trip for. The habits of

lilliana differ somewhat from most Argynnis I have collected,

in that when disturbed from among the brush, they fly upward,

but once again settle down from whence they came. Anyone

desiring lilliana should go to St. Helena and take the road to

Spring Mountain, climbing up about four miles.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Upon returning home from Napa County, I decided to go

to Moro Beach (near Atascadero) in San Luis Obispo County

to look up a little blue butterfly, a Lycaeninse, called Plebeius

icarioides moroensis Stern. This race had been named recently

from types and paratypes which I thought were not in the pink

of condition. Arriving at the town of San Luis Obispo on

June 26, I was lucky in securing transportation over to the

beach with a mail carrier. Blue flowering lupine grows along

the ocean’s edge in patches among the sand dunes and I found

the butterfly hovering over these. My best catches were made

north of the little hotel, and on windy days collecting would be

difficult except in sheltered spots. Without much difficulty I

secured some 25 pairs in good or indifferent condition, so I

judge a better collecting time would be some ten days to two

weeks earlier, depending upon the condition of the lupine.

Personally I prefer to kill delicate butterflies in a quick cyanide

bottle because if specimens of this sort are “pinched,” it is apt

to make them look different; maybe like something new. Of

course I am no authority.

Feeling fit and fine after my trip to Moro Beach and having

partaken of a birthday cake sporting 70 candles, (Yes ! I am

that old), I decided to attempt a real collecting trip and into

a region which was new to me. This time it was to be desert

environment, so on July 10 I boarded the sleeper at Oakland

for Ruby Valley, Elko County, Nevada. Wells, Nevada, was

the getting-off place and again Uncle Sam’s mail service stood

me to good use, because Ruby Valley is 40 miles to the south.

Arriving in the valley, which is an entomological oasis, I ven-

tured up to the ranch of Mr. James Wright, meeting his esti-

mable wife at the door, and although a total stranger, was most

hospitably received and made welcome. I shall always remem-

ber the twelve happy and interesting evenings spent with Mr.

and Mrs. Wright. Their youngest son, Jimmy, only four years

old, could ride a horse like a buckaroo and help his father round

up a pony! Ruby Valley and certain locations in northern

Nevada may prove to be the metropolis for Argynnis gunderi

Comst., as I took the species plentifully along the Franklin

Slough near the ranch. In this district gunderi shows no super-

ficial relationship to snyderi Skin., which evidently does not

JULY, 1931] COTTLE RARE BUTTERFLIES

occur in this locality. Several years previously I had taken one

example of gunderi in its type locality in Modoc County, Cal-

ifornia. Northern Nevada west to Modoc County in California

represents the same character of territory, so one could expect

a similar insect fauna. Along with gunderi I also took Argynnis

artonis Edw. commonly. Artonis should not longer be syno-

nymed under eurynome Edw., as they are quite distinct, though

probably related. Among other butterflies taken were a number

of Cercyonis which look like wheeleri Edw., but were without

the joined ocelli. Whether wheeleri represents a valid separate

listing remains to be seen, as it has ever since it was named.

Mr. E. L. Bell, our skipper specialist, would do well in Ruby

Valley. I understand he missed out on location near Reno last

year. Because of the unusual rhopalocera found in this section,

I imagine many heterocera could be taken here which would

be new. This is a special tip to my good friend Dr. John Com-

stock of Los Angeles.

On July 23 I returned home, being well pleased with my

desert success. There still remained several weeks of seasonal

collecting, so my thoughts and fancy turned to Mt. Hood in

Oregon as a likely place. In the West to find any more collect-

ing late in July one must either go very high or else strike out

northward. Even in Canada the butterflies by August 10 cease

to be found in any numbers. The reason being that, though the

days may be warm, the nights freeze them out. My series of

Argynnis lacked erinna Edw. and I had read that it could be

taken on Mt. Hood, so I decided to make this comparatively

rare race of eurynome the object of my final 1931 excursions.

Once more bidding my patient wife good-bye, I left by train for

Portland and from there took stage to Mt. Hood, arriving oh

July 26. With headquarters in Battle Axe Inn at Government

Camp, I found the proprietor, Mr. Henry F. Villiager, and his

wife to be very accommodating. The town or rather post office

only, is practically on Mt. Hood’s slope and conditions looked

pretty good. However, the first few days of tramping around

were very discouraging. No erinna in the immediate neighbor-

hood. At Summit Meadows, adjoining a nearby resort called

Swim, I took some Argynnis quite near rhodope Edw., or per-

haps they are only sakuntala Skin., and a series of Pleheius

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

argyrotoxus Behr. This latter is the nearly spotless northern

representative of anna Edw. and should be removed from its

present synonymical position under anna to a racial classifica-

tion. This pretty little blue has mystified collectors for years

because of the subordination of its name. Becoming disgusted

and legsore from hiking around locally and not seeing any

erinna, I decided, like Richard the Third, to beget myself a

horse and try . altitude ascents on Mt. Hood proper. Hiring

that old nag panned out to be the best investment I ever made.

My campaigning from then would read about as follows :

Arise early, eat my breakfast, light up a cigar, ask for mail

and mount the steed, proceeding up the mountain. No trotting

or galloping, mind you, but just a gentle walk (mostly for the

horse) and for me a ride through the perfume of the mountain

flowers and into the freshness of the tall pines at 9000 feet

elevation. Nature was at her best up there at this time of year

and I don’t believe the scenery could be equalled elsewhere. On

the third day of these alpine excursions, I was coming back to

a tree where I had tied the horse and discovered that he (or

was it she) had broken the rope and decamped. Quoting un-

usual paragraphs from the Bible and having visions of paying

for a lost horse, I trudged on down the trail in pursuit. About

a mile from where I had tied him, I saw the old buzzard quietly

feeding on some bunch grass just off the path. Cautiously

sneaking up, I grabbed his halter and heaved a sigh of relief.

In looking around the place I saw one butterfly. Hurrah ! It

was a perfect specimen of the rare erinna. The old horse had

brought me right to the spot which had been the object of my

search for six days ! Well, that night I saw to it that he got

an extra mug of oats — and he deserved it. After that I made

several ascents to the location and netted a good series of

those Argynnis. The Mt. Hood trip was a success like the

others. I had accomplished my objective, so returned to Hay-

ward, refreshed in mind and body and rejuvenated, all of

which goes to prove the old adage that “A man is as old as he

feels.”

JULY, 1931]

LIGHT TERMITES

THE TERMITES OF NEVADA

BY S. F. LIGHT

D epartment of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

Very little is known of the termite fauna of Nevada. I know

of but two species reported in the literature, Ter mop sis nevaden-

sis by Hagen (1893) from the “western border” (near Lake

Tahoe) and Reticulitermes tibialis by Banks and Snyder (1920)

from “Nevada” (Elko?).

The records of the Termite Investigations Committee add

somewhat to the picture. R. Hesperus Banks was collected by

C. R. Anderson at Big Canyon (Washoe County?). A. L.

Pickens and O. L. Williams of the Termite Investigations Com-

mittee staff found the three above mentioned species common

in and about Carson City and C. M. Murphy has recently

sent us a collection of R. tibialis from Montello in the north-

eastern part of the state very near the Utah border and one

from Granite Point.

A recent trip to southern Nevada for the Termite Investi-

gations Committee with a view to estimating the probabilities of

termite damage at the Boulder City site and the type of con-

struction indicated furnished an opportunity to make a hasty

collection of the termites of the region and to get some picture

of their biology and distribution.

Although but parts of two days were spent in the field

results of considerable interest were attained. Six species were

collected as follows: Kalotermes (Neotermes) simplicicornis

Banks ; Reticulitermes tibialis Banks ; Amitermes arizonensis

Banks; Amitermes coachellce Light; Amitermes wheeleri Des-

neux (sensu Light 1930) ; Amitermes calif ornicus Banks. Of

these six species only R. tibialis had previously been known

from Nevada and these collections extended the known north-

erly range of each of the five species by from one hundred to

two hundred miles.

Neither Kalotermes minor, Kalotermes hubbardi, nor

Heterotermes aureus was found, although numerous situations

favorable for each of them were investigated. I have found all

three of these species abundant in the vicinity of Yuma and

K. hubbardi and Heterotermes were found by Pickens in the

Colorado River Valley near Blythe. It would be of considerable

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

interest to trace the northerly limits of range of each of them

in the Colorado River Valley.

The termite fauna of Nevada includes, therefore, at least

eight species. This is a purely geographical assemblage of

species and without any ecological unity. We may expect to

find Termopsis nevadensis confined to the moister, forested

areas of the northwest. R. hesperus is probably restricted also

by the moisture factor but with a wider range due to its sub-

terranean habits. R. tibialis may be expected to occur in local

areas in all parts of the state where moisture conditions are

more or less intermediate between those requisite to the exist-

ence of R. hesperus and those found in the desert. Even here

they will appear in wash associations as seen near Las Vegas

(Winterwood Ranch).

The termite fauna of southern Nevada consists largely of

species common to the Mohave and Colorado deserts, species

which will almost certainly be found in the unknown fauna of

the northern half of Arizona and most of which do occur in the

fauna of southern Arizona. It seems safe to predict that this

fauna will be confined to the small southern portion of the

state whose meteriological and topographical features are in

agreement with those more southerly regions.

One especially interesting outcome of the trip was the dis-

covery of a nest of the recently described species Amitermes

coachellce Light (1930) containing not only the hitherto un-

known alates but a physogastric queen with eggs and early

instars. This was my first finding of Amitermes alates in the

colony and the first for this whole area. The only other nest

series known to me, unreported as yet, were taken in the Davis

Mountains in Texas. As for the physogastric queen, I believe

this is the first one taken for this genus in North America, if

not in Pan- America.

Kalotermes ( Neotermes ) simplicicornis Banks is extremely

abundant in the washes and mesquite grown sinks of the Las

Vegas Basin (2600 feet) and in the Colorado River Valley

(Vegas Wash) some six miles above the Boulder Dam site.

Here as elsewhere the buried dead branches and roots of mes-

quite are its most important reservoir. In one area, near the

Winterwood Ranch, however, living clumps of shadscale

JULY, 1931]

LIGHT TERMITES

(A triplex sp.) were practically all infested with this species

which seems to obtain its moisture from the juice of the plant

which its activity destroys. Whether the termite groups in such

plants are separate colonies is a moot question as yet. It is

common to find the termite workings in dead plants occupied by

ants (Cremastog aster) . If they do not move out with the failing

of the plant juices it seems probable that the weakened termite

group is finished off by the invading ants.

I am using the older subgeneric name ( Neotermes ) but in a

paper soon to go to press a new subgenus is erected to receive

this unique species.

One of the puzzling points in the biology of this most inter-

esting species is the location of the reproductives of the colony.

Although several hundred colonies have been examined no

supplementaries have been found and in only one case, a colony

hastily examined near Tucson, has a royal pair been found.

This condition held in the Nevada colonies, no royal pairs or

supplementaries being seen in the many colonies opened.

Equally puzzling has been the point of location of the pri-

mary royal cell and pair of incipient colonies since heretofore

none of these has been found. It was interesting to find two

such royal pairs of incipient colonies. They were in cells in

the base of a dead clump of Atriplex in the wash near Winter-

wood Ranch. The absence of eggs or young indicated that they

were from this year’s swarm, which had evidently emerged here,

no alates being found in the colonies, although in the Vegas

Wash the colonies were crowded with alates.

Reticulitermes tibialis Banks was taken both in the vicinity

of Las Vegas and in the Vegas Wash near river level. Near

Las Vegas it was found in dead cottonwood roots near an irri-

gation ditch and in Las Vegas signs of its attacks on poles

were observed. Near the Winterwood Ranch it was common

in wood buried in drifted sand on the edge of the wash. In the

Vegas Wash it was common in partly buried drift wood. The

abundant drift wood along the banks of the Colorado showed

no signs of termite attack whether because of frequent flooding

or because the extremely fine silt is unfavorable.

Amitermes arizonensis was encountered in its characteristic

situation on the sloping rocky approaches to the mountains

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

which rim the basin in which Las Vegas lies. Signs of its

activities were seen in the form of covered ways over desert

shrubs and the light areas on shrubs due to its eating off the

thin, weathered, outer layers. Several workers and a soldier

were taken on a hillside shrub ( ? Encelia ) growing in a tiny

soil pocket in a crevice of the solid rock of a gulch just back of

the Frenchy Mine.

Amitermes coachellce Light (1930), recently described from

San Gorgonio Pass and the upper Coachella Valley, was the

only termite found on the proposed site for Boulder City.

It was also taken near the Winterwood Ranch in the Las Vegas

Basin where it was attacking dead mesquite branches partly

buried in sand.

The single collection taken at the Boulder City townsite was

from a large colony in a well formed nest similar to that dis-

covered by Castle in the Coachella Valley (Light 1930). The

nest was buried from six to fifteen inches deep under a broad,

flat, partly buried stone in a small, sandy draw. The galleries

immediately below the stone and attached to it were crowded

with the hitherto unknown alates of this species and last instar

reproductive nymphs. Scattered smaller chambers contained

young of the first three instars and one contained eggs. But

few workers were present at this level. An intermediate nest

contained many workers and some alates and reproductive

nymphs of various stages. Only a single soldier was taken here

and none immediately below the stone. The lowest nest, some

fifteen inches below ground, contained large numbers of soldiers

and numerous workers but no alates or nymphs were seen.

Every gallery when opened was found guarded by one or sev-

eral soldiers. In its center in a broad flat royal cell was a physo-

gastric queen with an abdomen about 15 millimeters long

and 4.5 millimeters in diameter. This is the first queen of this

species taken, and the first, I believe, for the genus in North

America if not in both Americas.

Soldiers of the Amitermes species are notably few in pro-

portion to workers, at least in the foraging groups from which

collections are ordinarily made. This finding shows them to

form a higher percentage of the colony than had been believed,

JULY, 1931]

LIGHT TERMITES

their function being apparently largely the guarding of the

royal pair.

The smallest American species of Amitermes, very similar

to A. coachella: in type of soldier mandibles but very much

smaller than that species, was described by me (Light 1930)

under the name A. wheeleri Desneux on the basis of determina-

tions by Banks (1920). Recent studies of Banks’ material and

one of Desneux’s cotypes leave little doubt that it is an unde-

scribed species quite different from Desneux’s species which

is probably the Amitermes calif ornicus of Banks (1920). This

species will be named and the hitherto unknown alates described

in a forthcoming revision of the genus. Until such time it

seems convenient to retain the older name. This species was

taken but once in Nevada, on a down fence post partly buried

in sand near the Winterwood Ranch.

Amitermes californicus Banks is probably a synonym of

A. wheeleri Desneux as pointed out above, but pending final

investigation of type material Banks’ name may be retained.

This species was not found in Las Vegas or vicinity but was

very abundant in a dryer, more gravelly wash emptying into

the Vegas Wash at an elevation of about 800-900 feet. Late

reproductive nymphs were present but no alates.

PRELIMINARY NOTE ON PEDOGENESIS IN A

CECIDOMYIID

BY F. D. KLYVER

San Mateo Junior College, San Mateo, California

The writer’s attention was attracted to an abundant infesta-

tion of Lupinus nanus by an undetermined cecidomyiid near

South San Francisco in March, 1931. Most of the lupine plants

extending over a considerable area had several to many of their

leaves distorted to form simple leaf-galls. These were formed

by the margins of the opposite sides of a leaflet remaining

firmly in contact, frequently along their entire length, the blade

of the leaflet then expanding to form a bluntly pointed spindle-

shaped gall, which turned pale yellow and translucent.

Several hundred heavily infested leaves were taken to the

laboratory and placed loosely in covered containers for observa-

tion on March 19 (Lot A). A second lot (Lot B) was obtained

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

on March 21 and a third (Lot C) on April 1. A daily record of

the adult emergents was kept for each of these lots, while from

time to time a number of galls were opened for observations on

the eggs, larvae and pupae.

Following is a summary of the pertinent data relating to

(1) the time of emergence, (2) the total number of adults,

(3) the sex ratios, for Lots A, B, and C respectively.

( 1 ) The first emergences occurred duringj the third, second

and first days after the material was brought into the laboratory,

in sex ratios (males to females) approximating 2:3, 5:0, and

6:5.

(2) The daily maximum number of emergences occurred

during the eleventh, eighth, and sixth days, in ratios approxi-

mating 1 :2, 5 :8, and 2 :1.

(3) The total number of emergences was 1980, 813, and

324, in the ratios 644:1336, 296:517, and 202:122 respectively.

Shortly after the material of each lot was brought into the

laboratory many of the larvae left the galls and moved about

freely in the containers, pupating there later. The greater

number, however, remained in the galls until shortly before

pupation or after. The detailed observations made on the eggs,

larvae and pupae were confined largely to those that thus re-

mained in the galls. The following processes, enumerated here

without details, were observed :

(1) Viviparous parthenogenetic paedogenesis, in which

larvae produced similar active larvae.

(2) Oviparous parthenogenetic paedogenesis, in which the

larva or pupa produced a single egg, found within the silken

cocoon with the quiescent pupa in a number of cases.

(3) Pupation without the formation of a cocoon.

(4) Pupation in which a silken cocoon was formed.

(5) Copulation of the adults.

It would appear that several rare phenomena were observed

in this material. The occurrence of pupal oviparous paedogenesis

is, in any case, of extraordinary interest inasmuch as it appar-

ently has been reported only twice, at the time of its discovery

by Grimm in 1870 in the Chironomid Tany tarsus and later by

Zavrel. It is hoped that these phenomena may be given more

detailed study when sufficient material again becomes available.

JULY, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMIDA5

NEW RECORDS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHER-

MID^E FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA AND

WASHINGTON, WITH BIOLOGICAL

NOTES

BY F. D. KLYVER

San Mateo Junior College, San Mateo, California

The specimens on which this paper is based were received

through the courtesy of Mr. Oscar Whittaker, Hollyburn, B. C.,

and Mr. W. Downes, Entomological Laboratory, Victoria, B. C.

Twelve species representing five genera are included in this

report. Two of the species, Aphalara Vancouver ensis and Hemi-

trioza washingtonia, are described as new. For each species,

where definitely known, brief biological notes are given to facili-

tate the observation and collection of the immature stages or

nymphs. Except where otherwise indicated, these notes have

been drawn from observations made by the writer in California

and Nevada. Types of the new species are in the collection of

the author.

Genus Aphalara

Aphalara rumicis Mally

Specimens. One female and one adult with abdomen want-

ing, from unknown host, Chilliwack, B. C., July 19, 1925,

(Oscar Whittaker) ; two females, from unknown host, Chilli-

wack, B. C., July 26, 1925, (Oscar Whittaker).

Host A Rumex spp. (Dock). The nymphs occur on the

ventral side of the leaves curling the margins under length-

wise to form pseudogalls which turn scarlet. 1 2

Aphalara vancouverensis Klyver, n. sp.

Fig. 1.

This species is closely related to the group of several species

centering about A. artemisice Forster and in some respects re-

sembles A. angustipennis Crawford. It is distinctly different in

certain characters that have been regarded as being of specific

significance by Crawford and others and is therefore here

described as new.

1 This term is here used to denote a host plant from which the imma-

ture stages or nymphs have been taken.

2 Patch, E. M. Notes on Psyllidge. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 202:217,

1912.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Specimens. Holotype male, FK63.1.1 $ , from unknown

host, and allotype female, FK63.2.1 9 , from unknown host,

Duncan, B. C., June 29, 1922, (W. Downes).

Adults. Length of body on slide, 2.8 to 3.5 mm.; length of fore

wing, 2.1 to 2.5 mm.; width of head, .65 to .75 mm. General color

gray with a slight yellowish or brownish tinge on the head and

thorax and with dark brown to black transverse stripes on the dor-

sum of the abdomen. The eyes dark brown to black. Tip of antenna

black. Genital segment brown. Fore wing semi-opaque and spotted

with brown spots and maculae consisting of several of such spots

running together, with the colored areas more numerous distally.

Characters of the genus well developed.

Head (Fig. 1, C) as wide as thorax; strongly deflexed. Antenna

ten-segmented; about a third longer than width of head; segments

four to eight inclusive bearing sensoria.

Thorax strongly arched; without pubescence. Posterior tibia with

eight to ten large black teeth at the apex; two claws on the pos-

terior tarsus. Fore wing semi-opaque, punctate, with the points

arranged in such a way that they border small circular areas with-

out punctations, the wing spotted with brown areas that each cover

one of these, or with several brown areas coalescing to form larger

maculae (Fig. 1, M); wing proportions and venation very similar to

that of A. minutistylus Klyver. 3 Hind wing relatively large and very

delicate in structure; beset with numerous fine points; the venation

scarcely distinguishable as irregular rows of points.

Abdomen with, the tergites and sternites uniformly and equally

chitinized. Genitalia of the male (Fig. 1, K) relatively large, with

the lateral lobes longer than the body of the proctiger and with the

characteristic hooks of these lobes feebly chitinized; the clasper

(Fig. 1, H) with the posterior margin considerably longer in per-

pendicular length than the anterior margin and terminating in a

rounded point; the anterior-mesal aspect bearing a thumb-like

process carrying a secondary tooth as illustrated (Fig. 1, G). Geni-

talia of the female about one-third as long as remainder of abdomen,

with the shape and proportions as illustrated (Fig. 1, P).

Nymphs. Unknown.

Aphalara nebulosa kincaidi Ashmead

Specimens. One female, from unknown host, Chilliwack,

B. C., May 10, 1926, (Oscar Whittaker) ; one male, from un-

known host, Chilliwack, B. C., May 20, 1926, (Oscar Whitta-

ker) ; one female, from unknown host, Chilliwack, B. C.,

April 28, 1926, (Oscar Whittaker).

Host (of the species in Europe) : Epilobium angusti-

folium (Fire- Weed, Willow Herb) ; nymphs of the variety

3 Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 7:138; Fig. 1, L.

JULY, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMID.ZE

Hemitrioza voashingtonia n. sp. A, head; B, antenna; D, hind wing;

E, normal fore wing; F, fore wing with irregular venation; I, inner

aspect of apex of posterior tibia; J, outer aspect of same; N, geni-

talia of male; O, inner aspect of clasper.

Aphalara Vancouver ensis n. sp. C, head; G, anterior-mesal process

of clasper; H, inner aspect of clasper; K, male genitalia; L, scale-

like ornamentation of proctiger; M, detail of fore wing membrane;

P, genitalia of female; Q, detail of circum-anal pore ring; R, setae

on apex of dorsal valve.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

unknown. There is a probability that the variety should be

regarded as a distinct species and that the relationship exist-

ing here is similar to that between Trioza urticce (L.) and T.

albifrons Crawford, both of which have nettle for a host, in

Europe and North America respectively. 4

Genus Trioza

Trioza frontalis Crawford

Specimens. Three males and three females, from Amelan-

chier, Victoria, B. C., April 27, 1926, (W. Downes).

Host: Amelmchier alnifolia (Western Serviceberry) .

Nymphs taken by the writer at Zephyr Point, Lake Tahoe,

Nevada, were found isolated individually, in small num-

bers on the ventral side of the leaves. These specimens were

not accompanied by any great abundance of “white floss-like

wax filaments” found on the nymphs of T. obtusa Patch, a very

closely related species taken on Amelanchier canadensis during

July in Maine.

Trioza maura Forster

Specimens. One male, from unknown host, Thormanby

Island, B. C., August 8, 1925, (Oscar Whittaker) ; one male

and one female, from unknown host, Saanich District, B. C.,

July 30, 1922, (W. Downes).

Host: Salix spp. (Willow). The nymphs are usually

found in small numbers isolated singly on the ventral side

of the leaves of a variety of willows. Sometimes they form

shallow, blister-like areas in which they apparently remain

quiescent for some time. In structure they are oval in outline,

2.5 mm. long and 2.0 mm. broad, flat, and very closely appressed

to the leaf. The earlier nymphal stages are very imperfectly

known.

Genus Hemitrioza

The single specimen at hand substantiates Crawford’s

observation that the wing venation even in the same individual

may be variable (Fig. 1, E. F.).

Hemitrioza washingtonia Klyver, n. sp.

Specimen. Holotype male, FK73.1.1 $ , from unknown

host, Toppenish, Washington, May 2, 1926, (E. W. Davis).

4 Klyver, F. D. Notes on the Chermidee. Part I. Can. Ent., 62:167.

PL 14. 1930.

JULY, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMIDiE

Adult male. Length of body on slide, 2.0 mm.; length of fore

wing, 1.8 mm.; width of head, .6 mm. General color of entire body

uniform medium brown. Eyes dark brown. Genae lighter than the

general color. Tip of antenna black. Wings uniform brown (includ-

ing veins), semi-opaque, shiny; hind wings iridescent. Agreeing

fairly well with the characters of the genus as defined by Crawford

except that the head is not much narrower than the thorax, the eyes

are not proportionately very small, and the hind tibia has four,

instead of three, apical spines or teeth on the inner aspect.

Head (Fig. 1, A) strongly deflexed. Antenna (Fig. 1, B) ten-

segmented with the third segment nearly as long as segments four,

five, six, and seven combined; antennal sensoria obscure; antenna

scarcely as long as width of head.

Thorax moderately arched; without pubescence. Posterior tibia

with one large black tooth and a comb of setae (Fig. 1, J) on the

outer aspect and with four black teeth, two of them large and two

distinctly smaller, on the inner aspect (Fig. 1, I). Fore wing semi-

opaque and punctate throughout with a suggestion of alar radulae

in the two marginal cells and between Cu x and M 3 + 4 ; normal

venation as in Fig. 1, E, with irregular venation, in the same indi-

vidual, as illustrated in Fig. 1, F. Posterior wing (Fig. 1, D) dis-

tinctly brown, with the venation as illustrated, developed for the

most part as little more than streaks of brown along which the

punctations that beset the entire wing membrane are arranged in

more or less definite but irregular rows.

Abdomen with the tergites and sternites uniformly and equally

chitinized; with small pleurites at the lateral extremities of tergites

four, five, six, and seven. Male genitalia relatively small (Fig. 1,

N, O); the proctiger oval in lateral view, with sparse pubescence;

the clasper simple in structure, with the distal end directed anteriorly.

Adult female and nymph. Unknown.

Genus Euphyllura

Euphyllura arctostaphyli Schwarz

Specimens. One male (17157 Lot 58), June 26, 1925, one

male (17157 Lot 64), August 1, 1925, one female (17157 Lot

67), August 4, 1925, and one female (17157 Lot 86),

August 25, 1925, all taken from Pinus ponderosa, Midday Val-

ley, Merritt, B. C., (Wm. Mathers).

Host: Arctostaphylos spp. (Manzanita). The nymphs

are found on the ventral side of the leaves in cases of mild

infestation. In more severe cases they are found on both

sides of the leaves, on the petioles, smaller branches, buds, and

inflorescence. In some instances, the nymphs are simply cov-

ered with cottony or flaky wax secretion, but in many cases the

last stage nymphs are found in cells 2-3 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

broad, and 1 mm. deep made of the wax secretion. In such

cases the preceding nymphal stages are apparently all passed in

the same cell, since vacated cells with an opening at one end are

frequently found with the skins of all but the last stage nymphs

embedded in the material forming the wall of the cell.

Euphyllura arbuti Schwarz

Specimens. One male and one female, from Arbutus men-

ziesii, Gordon Hd., B. C., September 7, 1925, (W. Downes) ;

one male and one female, from Honeysuckle, Galiano, B. C.,

June 27, 1928, (Oscar Whittaker).

Host: Arbutus menziesii (Madrone; Arbutus Tree). The

nymphs occur in cells constructed from the waxy secretion.

Typically these cells are found under the bark scales par-

ticularly of the smaller branches and twigs where they are

more or less protected. In severe cases of infestation they are

found on the leaves, petioles, and on unprotected twigs. Usually

the wall of the cell and the excretory matter of the nymphs

become heavily infested with jet black “sooty mold” which

apparently still further obscures and protects the nymphs. The

last stage nymphs are found on the smaller branches, on the

petioles, or on the leaves entirely unprotected by waxen cells

for a short time prior to the last molt.

Genus Psyllia

Psyllia parallela Crawford

Specimens. Two females, from unknown host, Chilcotin,

B. C., September 1, 1920, (E. R. Buckell) ; two females, from

unknown host, Nicola Lake, B. C., April 13, 1922, (E. R.

Buckell) ; one male and one female, from unknown host, Chilli-

wack, B. C., February 15, 1923, (Oscar Whittaker) ; one

female, from unknown host, Toppenish, Washington, March 5,

1926, (E. W. Davis).

Host and nymphs unknown.

Psyllia astigmata Crawford

Specimens. One male (2060, “3”), from unknown host,

Thormanby Island, B. C., August 8, 192'5, (Oscar Whittaker) ;

one female (2082), from unknown host, Thormanby Island,

B. C., August 8, 1925, (Oscar Whittaker);; one male and three

females, from Wild Cherry, Esquimalt, B. C., September 22,

1927, (W. Downes).

JULY, 1931]

KLYVER CHERMIDiE

Host: Prunus emarginata (Bitter Cherry; Wild Cherry).

The nymphs occur in excessive abundance on both sides

of the leaves, on the petioles, and the smaller twigs in

severe cases of infestation. In such cases they are very conspic-

uous because of the abundance of flossy threads of waxy secre-

tion several millimeters long, formed by and carried about by

the nymphs. As many as thirty-five to forty nymphs were

observed on a single leaf in a heavily infested thicket of the

host in the Sierra Nevada mountains south of Mono Lake, Cal-

ifornia, in the latter part of June. At that time adults were

exceedingly scarce and the nymphs were apparently all of

approximately the same stage.

Psyllia alni Americana Crawford

Specimens. One female, from Cottonwood, Victoria, B. C.,

September 8, 1922, (W. Downes) ; one female, from unknown

host, Victoria, B. C., August 14, 1922, (W. Downes) ; one

female, from unknown host, Sooke, B. C., June 30, 1923, (W.

Downes) ; one male, from unknown host, Thormanby Island,

B. C., August 8, 1925, (Oscar Whittaker).

Host: Alnus rhombifolia (White Alder). The nymphs

occur, sometimes in very great abundance, on the younger

leaves and smaller branches in April and May and later in

the spring at the higher altitudes. They are conspicuous

because of their large amounts of dense white waxy secretion

which may sometimes completely cover the leaves.

Psyllia caudata Crawford

Specimen. One female, from unknown host, Vancouver,

B. C., July 28, 1922, (W. Downes).

Host and nymphs unknown. Adults have been recorded

from Alnus tenuifolia in Colorado.

A NEW SPECIES OF DOLICHOPODHAE FROM JAVA,

IN THE COLLECTION OF THE CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY M. C. VAN DUZEE

Argyra javanensis, new species

Male. Length 7 mm. Face and front wholly opaque with

white pollen, occiput green, white pollinose ; face as wide as

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

third antennal joint; palpi and proboscis black, the former with

black hairs; antennas black, first joint with stiff, black hairs

above and below at tip, third joint more than twice as long as

width of base, its tip rounded; arista inserted above its tip,

twice as long as third joint, their tips appearing white; posterior

orbits with a few black cilia above, beard whitish.

Dorsum of thorax and scutellum dark green, ground color

nearly concealed by the thick white pollen, except on posterior

slope and on the scutellum, the latter with a few small black

hairs on the disk and along the edge, the usual bristles seem

to have been broken off. Abdomen black with large yellow

spots on the sides at base of second, third and fourth segments,

which occupy half or more of these segments ; the whole abdo-

men covered with thick white pollen, so as to almost conceal

the ground color when viewed at the right angle; venter with

basal half of second, third and fourth segments yellow.

Hypopygium small, nearly round, black with small black appen-

dages.

All coxae, trochanters, extreme base of all femora and tips

of posterior ones black; femora, tibiae and fore and middle tarsi

yellow; tips of posterior tibiae and whole of their tarsi black;

middle tarsi with tips of joints brown; fore coxae with black

hair, which is longer and bristle-like at base and tip; fore

femora with long black hair on lower and posterior surfaces ;

middle femora with long black hairs on lower anterior and pos-

terior edges ; posterior femora with a few long black hairs

below; length of fore tibiae as 114, joints of fore tarsi as

73-20-13-10-11; those of middle tarsi as 71-25-15-7-9 ; of pos-

terior tarsi as 88-31-20-11-10. Calypters yellow with a black

margin and pale yellow cilia; halteres yellow.

Wings grayish, slightly tinged with brown in front, es-

pecially from tip of first vein to tip of third; last section of

fourth vein considerably bent just before its middle, parallel

with third beyond this bend, but both bent backward towards

their tips, fourth ending in apex of wing; last section of fifth

vein one and three-fourths times as long as cross-vein. De-

scribed from one male, taken in Java.

This is the second species of Argyra described from Java,

the other ( spinipes Dolesch) has the antennas “rufis.”

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^ERIDIIN^

THE SPH2ERIDIIN2E OF THE PACIFIC COAST

Coleoptera, Hydrophilidas

BY R. E. BLACKWELDER

Stanford University, California

This paper is intended to include all the species of the sub-

family Sphseridiinae recorded from the Pacific Coast of North

America from Alaska to Lower California. Its purpose is to

enable persons who do not have access to Horn’s revision 1

or who have not the time for a careful study of the group to

determine their specimens as easily and accurately as possible.

There are also several additions and corrections to Horn’s work

which have been published recently or which have been noticed

during the preparation of this paper which are included here.

The synonymy of the group is not yet perfectly worked out,

but the recent corrections by Fall 2 have definitely settled the

status of several of our species. A careful study of the detailed

description of Cercyon calif or nicus Fall 3 convinces me that it is

the same thing that was described in 1922 by Knisch 4 from

“California.” The descriptions agree in every detail and it is

very likely that Fall had not seen Knisch’s paper. A compari-

son of types would settle the matter, but I have not been able

to find any type material of C. kulzeri in this country. The

California Academy of Sciences has specimens from the type

locality of C. calif ornicus which are probably typical.

Considerable trouble has been experienced in the use of

Horn’s key to the species of Cercyon. Some of the characters

there used are obscure, and a few are definitely incorrect. In

some species the central elevated area of the metasternum is

extended laterally and anteriorly by a raised line curving out-

wards toward the anterior angle on each side. The extent of

this area is limited unless the line is definite and distinct and

reaches at least nearly to the front angle. All the species of

Cercyon have the prothorax laterally margined by an impressed

line. In some species this line extends around the posterior

angles and along the base. The presence or absence of this basal

1 Horn, G. H. Rev. of Sphgeridiinse of U. S., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

XVII, 1890, pp. 280-312.

2 Fall, H. C. Notes on Cercyon, Psyche, XXXI, 1924, pp. 247-253.

3 Psyche, XXXI, 1924, pp. 251-252.

4 Knisch, Archiv. fur Naturg-., LXXXVIII, 1922, A (5), pp. 97-100.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

line is an important character and one over which Horn made

several mistakes. C. lateralis does have the line extended

slightly past the hind angles, but it is often obscure and visible

only from directly behind the prothorax. In some species the

marginal line is very clear, extending well along the base, but

in others it is very short, barely passing the hind angles.

Very free use of Horn’s revision has been made in pre-

paring this paper. The key to genera is taken from that work

and most of the descriptions are adapted and abridged from his

descriptions. The key to Cercyon has been completely rewritten,

as the older one was unsatisfactory.

Several of the species reported by Horn from this coast

have not since been recorded. Some of these may be the result

of errors ; all are, however, included here. All new localities

are represented in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences

in San Francisco has very kindly allowed me to use the speci-

mens in the collection of that institution and Messrs. Chas.

Liebeck and H. C. Fall have greatly aided me by loaning speci-

mens of several species of Cercyon. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of

the University of California has been most generous with his

time, material, library, and advice and has helped me to settle

several of the more difficult points.

Subfamily Sph^ridiin^;

Small, terrestrial Hydrophilidae, living in various kinds of

decomposing vegetable matter. Generally oval and more or less

convex; brown or black with the elytra frequently tipped with

yellow, and usually with ten striae or rows of punctures.

Antennae 9-segmented, first segment of middle and posterior

tarsi elongated.

Three hundred and forty-six species, belonging to fifty

genera, have been described from all over the world. Of these

genera ten are known from North America and five from the

Pacific Coast.

Key to Pacific Coast Genera of Sph^ridiin^;

1. Elytra extended below the lower surface of body, epipleurae in

great part vertical; metasternal side pieces wide. (Cyclo-

noti.) Dactylo sternum

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^RIDIIN^

Elytra not extended 2

2. Elytra not indexed, epipleurae horizontal, distinct; metasternal

side pieces moderate in width, parallel; prosternum cari-

nate at middle. (Cercyones.) 3

Elytra indexed, clasping the sides of the body, without distinct

epipleurse; metasternal side pieces narrow, partly covered

by the indexed elytra; prosternum elevated at middle,

forming an area. (Megasterni.) 4

3. Scutellum elongate; pygidium visible Sphceridium

Scutellum equilateral; pygidium covered Cercyon

4. Lateral margin of prothorax not indexed Megasternum

Lateral margin of prothorax angularly indexed; anterior tibiae

entire Cryptopleurum

Group Cyclonoti

Metasternum prolonged between the middle coxae, closely

united with the mesosternal elevation, the suture always distinct,

and often impressed.

Genus Dactylosternum Wollaston

Prosternum strongly carinate, not notched behind to receive

point of mesosternum. Metasternum prolonged in a process com-

pletely separating the middle legs, the episternum wide and suture

straight; mesosternum elevated in front of the metasternal process,

usually in the form of an arrow-head, the suture between the two

sterna well marked. First ventral abdominal segment distinctly cari-

nate at middle.

Dactylosternum cacti Lee.

Antennas pale testaceous with brownish club. Head closely

punctate, more dnely in front. Thorax closely and equally, but not

coarsely punctate. Elytra punctulate, a little more coarsely but less

closely than the thorax, the striae replaced by rows of punctures,

these rather coarser and deeper at the sides, sutural stria distinctly

impressed on its apical half. Body beneath piceous or brownish,

opaque. Prosternum carinate, the carina elevated in front. Legs

pale piceo-rufous. Length .20 to .24 inches (5 to 6 mm.).

This is the only species recorded from the Pacific Coast.

It occurs in southern California and Arizona in decomposing

cactus of the more massive forms (Cereus, etc.). Taken in Los

Angeles County, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. Rather rare in south-

ern California, more abundant in Arizona.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Group Cercyones

Metasternum not at all, or extremely little extended between the

middle coxae. Prosternum moderately wide in front of the coxae

and carinate at middle. First ventral segment distinctly carinate.

Elytra with distinct lateral edge, the epipleurae distinct and hori-

zontal. Metasternal side pieces of moderate width, the sides parallel.

Two genera are known from this coast. They may be sep-

arated by means of the foregoing table.

Genus Sph^ridium Fabr.

Fifteen species of Sphseridium are known. The genus occurs

in almost every part of the world. Only two are found in

North America, and one in our territory.

Sph^ridium scarab^eoides L.

Oval or subglobose, convex. Above black, shining; elytra with

a reddish subbasal spot and the apical fourth yellowish; beneath

piceous, the femora spotted with paler. Thorax and elytra finely and

evenly punctured, the latter without striae. Length, 5.5 to 6.5 mm.

Occurs throughout the United States and much of Canada.

A cosmopolitan species. Recorded first from North America

about 1880, from the Northwest about 1913, and from Califor-

nia in 1920 (Van Dyke).

Genus Cercyon Leach

Prosternum scarcely separating the anterior coxae, the median

line carinate in a variable degree. Mesosternum elevated between

and in front of the middle coxae, the suture between the meso- and

metasterna being always well marked. Tibiae spinulose on their

outer edge, the front tibiae entire on the outer edge. Metasternum

does not project between the middle coxae.

This genus is world-wide in distribution. One hundred and

twenty-one species are recorded, of which probably more than

twenty-five are from North America and sixteen from the

Pacific Coast. They are found in dung and other decomposing

matter.

Key to Pacific Coast Species of Cercyon

1. Elytral striae deeply impressed from base to apex, intervals

slightly convex fimbriatus Mann.

Elytral striae not deep; intervals flat 2

2. Metasternal area extended by an oblique line directed toward

the anterior angle 3

Metasternal area limited to middle of metasternum 6

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^RIDIIN^

3. Lateral marginal line of prothorax extended, at least slightly,

along the base nigriceps (Marsh.)

Lateral marginal line not distinctly extended along base 4

4. Undersurface shining, not opaque; mesosternal elevation

longitudinally sulcate; striae replaced by rows of punc-

tures navicularis Zimm.

Undersurface opaque; mesosternal elevation flat; striae im-

pressed 5

5. Elytral intervals densely punctulate, at least on disk; epi-

pleurae pale hcemorrhoidalis (Fabr.)

Elytral intervals indistinctly punctate; elytra reddish, with a

large scutellar triangle and humeral stripe piceous

pygmceus (111.)

6. Elytral striae replaced by rows of punctures; body very

convex 7

Elytral striae impressed, at least in part of their length 8

7. Upper surface entirely rufescent rufescens Horn

Color darker; thorax piceous, sometimes with an indistinct

pale margin tristis (111.)

8. Mesosternal elevation linear or narrowly lanceolate 9

Mesosternal elevation oval, only twice as long as wide; upper

surface alutaceous kulzeri Knisch

9. Elytral striae evenly impressed, or more deeply at base 10

Elytral striae decidedly more deeply impressed toward the

apex 11

10. Elytral intervals not very distinctly punctulate; prothorax

usually with prescutellar impression and distinct impres-

sions opposite the base of the fourth striae. ...lunigerum Mann.

Elytral intervals distinctly punctate, not alutaceous; ante-

basal impressions indistinct marinus Thoms.

11. Lateral marginal line of prothorax extended at least slightly

along the basal margin 12

Lateral marginal line reaching the hind angles only. (Vari-

able in adumbratus, but never very distinctly extended

beyond the angles) 13

12. Length, 2 to 3 mm.; elytra reddish brown with tip indefinitely

paler lateralis (Marsh.)

Length, 1.5 to 2 mm.; elytra yellowish quisquilius (L.)

13. Prothorax very little longer at middle than at sides; legs

piceous; prothorax very faintly paler at sides

depressus Steph.

Prothorax decidedly longer at middle than at sides; legs rufo-

testaceous; sides of prothorax usually indefinitely but

decidedly paler 14

14. Elytra alutaceous; less than 2 mm. long opacellus Fall

Surface shining; 2 mm. or more in length 16

15. Elytral intervals closely punctate on the disk ....fulvipennis Mann.

Elytral intervals not distinctly punctate adumbratus Mann.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Cercyon depressus Steph.

Oval, piceous; elytra testaceous. Head punctate, rather closely

at the sides and apex, smoother at middle. Prothorax punctate, but

not closely; base of prothorax usually with a prescutellar impression.

Elytra striate, tenth stria entirely lacking, striae deeper toward apex,

finely punctate. Legs rufo-piceous. Length 2 to 2.5 mm.

Recorded by Horn from California.

Cercyon fimbriatus Mannerheim

Oval, moderately convex, color variable. Antennae testaceous,

club brownish; palpi piceo-testaceous; body beneath dark brown or

black, opaque; legs variable in color. Head always piceous, shining,

moderately closely punctate; base of prothorax without marginal

line, surface finely and closely punctate at middle, more coarsely

and less closely at the sides. Elytra deeply striate, striae not punc-

tate, tenth stria scarcely evident, intervals moderately convex, finely

and closely punctate on the disk, alutaceous at sides and apex with-

out distinct punctures. Length 2.5 to 3 mm.

This species is very variable in color, but is readily distin-

guished from all others by the heavily impressed striae and

convex intervals. It occurs abundantly under decomposing sea-

weed on the coast from Alaska to San Diego.

Cercyon lungerum Mannerheim

Piceous, moderately shining, thorax with a small pale spot near

the front angle, elytra reddish yellow, with a narrow crescentic

transverse space divided by the suture; body beneath opaque, black;

legs piceous. Head sparsely indistinctly punctate; surface of pro-

thorax moderately closely punctate, a little more coarsely near the

sides. Elytra finely striate, the striae finely punctate, intervals flat,

not very distinctly punctate on the disk, alutaceous at apex and sides

with the punctures indistinct. Mesosternal carina long and linear.

Length 4 mm.

This is the largest of our species. It is found with the pre-

ceding under decomposing seaweed, but distinguished at once

by the flat intervals and larger size. Found along the coast

from Alaska to Catalina Island.

Cercyon quisquilius Linnaeus

Oval, piceous, shining, sides of thorax pale, elytra testaceous,

sometimes slightly clouded on disk near base; body beneath opaque;

legs reddish. Head moderately closely, but not coarsely punctate.

Basal marginal line of prothorax distinct at outer third, base with

a distinct impression opposite the scutellum, surface moderately

closely punctate, less closely at the sides. Elytra ten-striate, striae

rather closely punctate, those of the disk indistinct near base, deeper

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^RIDIIN.E

near apex, intervals flat, moderately closely punctate on the disk,

but much more sparsely at sides and apex. Mesosternal elevation

linear. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

Found in manure from Washington southward into central

California. It is also found in Europe, Siberia, and Japan.

Cercyon marinus Thomson

Piceous, shining; sides of prothorax bordered with pale, elytra

with yellowish testaceous space, well defined, extending along the

side very nearly to the humeral angles; epipleurae piceo-rufous; body

beneath opaque black; legs piceo-rufous, the femora darker. Head

moderately punctate; prothorax without lateral marginal line, disk

more coarsely and closely punctured than the head. Elytra ten-

striate, striae punctate, and indistinct at apex; intervals flat, closely

punctate, more sparsely near apex and coarser at sides; mesosternal

elevation very narrowly lanceolate. Length 2.5 to 3 mm.

Taken in Lassen County, California, by J. O. Martin.

Cercyon fulvipennis Mannerheim

Oval, piceous black, shining, sides of thorax pale, elytra brownish

or piceo-testaceous, sides and apex somewhat paler; body beneath

black, opaque; legs rufous. Head rather coarsely and moderately

closely punctate. Thorax punctured similarly to the head, basal

marginal line wanting. Elytra ten-striate, the tenth stria represented

by a row of punctures, striae moderately deeply impressed, rather

more so at sides and apex, rather closely punctate, and more coarsely

at the sides, intervals flat, closely punctate on the disk. Length

2.5 to 3 mm.

Differs from lateralis in the absence of the basal marginal

line of prothorax. Common in excrementitious matter from

Alaska southward to central California.

Cercyon lateralis Marsham

Oval, piceous black, shining, sides of thorax pale, elytra reddish

brown, apex somewhat paler; body beneath black opaque; legs rufo-

testaceous. Head moderately punctate; base of prothorax without

definite prescutellar impression, lateral marginal line extending

slightly past anterior angles and along the base, surface moderately,

not closely punctate, although a little variable. Elytra striate, striae

closely punctate, deeper near the apex, intervals flat, more convex

at apex, closely punctate, but more sparsely near the apex, tenth

stria not impressed, replaced by a row of punctures. Length 2.5 to

3 mm.

This species bears a very close resemblance to fulvipennis,

but differs from it in the presence of the basal marginal line of

prothorax. Horn was in error when he said that lateralis did

not have the lateral marginal line extended. Occurs in Alaska

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

(Horn) and in California from San Diego northward, both

coastal and inland.

Cercyon adumbratus Mannerheim

Oval, shining, variable in color from piceo-testaceous to piceous,

but with the sides of thorax and elytral apex indefinitely paler; body

beneath piceous, opaque; legs rufo-testaceous. Head moderately

coarsely, not closely punctate; disk of prothorax moderately punc-

tate, punctures finer in front and almost obsolete at the sides.

Elytra striate, the tenth stria obsolete, striae deeper at sides and

apex, those of the disk scarcely visibly punctate, those at sides dis-

tinctly so, intervals of the disk not distinctly punctate. Mesosternal

elevation very narrow, but with a distinctly punctate edge. Length

2 to 2.5 mm.

This species varies in color greatly, resembling fulvipennis,

lateralis, and hcemorrhoidalis, but differs from all in the almost

entire absence of interstrial punctation. Taken by Van Dyke

from under dead grass at edge of beach along Alaskan coast.

It occurs from Alaska southward to Vancouver and Wash-

ington. . .

Cercyon hcemorrhoidalis Fabricius

Oval, piceous; elytra piceo-castaneous, brownish or somewhat

paler, the apex usually paler than the disk; epipleurae pale; body

beneath black, opaque; legs piceo-rufous, femora darker. Head

rather coarsely and closely punctate. Prothorax entirely piceous,

surface closely punctate. Elytra ten-striate, the tenth stria replaced

by a row of punctures, striae distinct at apex, moderately closely

punctate, intervals flat, densely punctulate, more sparsely at the sides

and apex. Metasternal area extended by a line directed toward the

outer front angles. Mesosternal elevation elongate-lanceolate, not

sulcate, punctate. Length 2.5 to 3 mm.

This species varies in the color of the elytra from piceous

to castaneous, but has usually a narrow dark border along

the base, which extends along the suture nearly to apex. Taken

at Paraiso Springs and Carmel (Slevin), California.

Cercyon pygmcEus Illiger

Oval, piceous black, elytra piceo-rufous, or paler, with a large

triangular basal space of variable extent and a humeral stripe

piceous; prothorax entirely piceous; epipleurae pale; body beneath

piceous, opaque; legs pale rufo-testaceous. Head distinctly, not

closely punctate; usually a distinct prescutellar impression at base

of prothorax, surface moderately closely, but not deeply punctate.

Elytra striate, the tenth very indistinct, striae punctate and deeper

at base, intervals flat, sparsely indistinctly punctate, much more

finely than the thorax. Metasternal area continued by a well ele-

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^RIDIIN.E

vated line to the anterior angles. Mesosternal elevation very

narrow, but punctate. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

This species varies in the extent of the piceous triangle of

the elytra, which may cover fully half the entire area or may

be reduced to a small spot at the scutellum. Resembles

melanocephalus but is always smaller. The punctation of the

head is much less distinct than that of the thorax. Taken in

Oregon and southern California by Blaisdell and Slevin.

Cercyon nigriceps Marsham

Oval, piceous, shining, sides of thorax indefinitely paler; elytra

reddish testaceous, with a common fuscous spot behind the middle;

epipleurse pale; body beneath, opaque black; legs rufo-testaceous.

Head distinctly, not closely punctate. Basal marginal line of pro-

thorax distinct at the side. Elytra moderately deeply striate, the

tenth stria obliterated, striae relatively coarsely punctate, the inter-

vals slightly convex, scarcely distinctly punctate. Metasternal area

prolonged by an elevated line to the anterior angles. Mesosternal

elevation linear, smooth. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

In many specimens the metasternal area is pale. Our small-

est species. Rare. Taken at San Diego (Blaisdell) and Pomona,

California. „ „

Cercyon opacellus Fall

Oval, narrower behind, piceous black, subopaque; elytra finely

alutaceous, at apex with a well defined pale space extending along

the side margin; thorax piceous, near the side margin indistinctly

paler; body beneath opaque black; legs rufo-testaceous. Head mod-

erately finely, closely punctate. Surface of prothorax more dis-

tinctly impressed at sides and apex, the tenth stria wanting, striae

finely punctate on the disk, more coarsely and closely at sides, inter-

vals flat, alutaceous, not distinctly punctate. Mesosternal elevation

very narrowly oval, punctate. Length 1.5 mm.

Recorded by Horn, as lugubris, from California and Nevada.

Cercyon tristis Illiger

Oval, very convex, distinctly narrower behind, black, subopaque,

alutaceous; elytra with an apical pale space; prothorax piceous,

shining, sometimes with a slight pale space at anterior angle; body

beneath opaque black, legs rufo-testaceous. Head shining, distinctly

and moderately closely punctate. Surface of prothorax relatively

coarsely punctate, a little closer at middle than at the sides. Elytra

distinctly alutaceous and subopaque, the striae replaced by rows of

fine punctures not closely placed, which are almost entirely obliter-

ated at the sides and apex, intervals flat, obsoletely punctate near

the base only. Mesosternal elevation lanceolate. Length 1.5 mm.

Recorded by Horn from California, Washington and

Nevada.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Cercyon kulzeri Knisch

Oval, elongate, piceous, tip and posterior margins of elytra and

anterior angles of prothorax yellow; entire dorsal surface shining

though entirely alutaceous; legs pitch brown or reddish, tibiae and

tarsi red or yellowish red. Head very finely and sparsely punctured.

Punctation of prothorax similar to head; elytra with ten moderately

fine striae, tenth fainter; punctures of striae coarser at sides, less dis-

tinct at apex. Intervals more strongly punctate than thorax. Meso-

sternal elevation about twice as long as wide, rounded at the ends,

distinctly and moderately closely punctate. Length 1.5 to 1.8 mm.

This species is characterized by the alutaceous upper sur-

face; by the elytral intervals being finely but more strongly

and distinctly punctured than the thorax ; and by the wide sur-

face of the mesosternal elevation. Recorded by Knisch from

California. Taken from Lassen County to San Diego, Califor-

nia (Blaisdell, Martin, Van Dyke, Fall).

Cercyon rufescens Horn

Oval, convex, rufescent, moderately shining. Head and thorax

sparsely finely punctate. Elytra without impressed striae but with

rows of punctures not closely placed, the eighth, ninth, and tenth

rows with the punctures deeper and closer for part of their length;

intervals flat, equal in width, irregularly biseriately punctate, more

distinctly than prothorax. Metasternal area not well defined. Meso-

sternum oval, acute in front, coarsely punctured. Length 2 mm.

Close to tristis and kulzeri, but distinguished by its com-

pletely pale color. Described by Horn from Sierra San Lazaro,

Lower California.

Cercyon navicularis Zimmermann

Oval, narrower posteriorly, piceous black, shining; elytra slightly

rufescent at tip and along the suture posteriorly; body beneath

piceous, shining, sparsely punctate; legs rufo-testaceous. Head

sparsely, finely and indistinctly punctate. Prothorax almost abso-

lutely smooth, a few sparse and fine punctures near the sides.

Elytra very convex, rapidly declivous posteriorly, the sutural region

slightly elevated on the declivity; surface with striae of very fine

punctures, which are, however, more distinct at side and apex, the

interstrial spaces very sparsely punctate. Metasternal area with a

fine but distinct oblique line. Mesosternal elevation lanceolate,

longitudinally sulcate; metasternum in front truncate. Length 1.5

mm. or a little longer.

The presence of the oblique metasternal line and the shining

underside will readily distinguish this species from any other

Cercyon. Recorded by Horn from California.

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^ERIDIINvE

Group Megasterni

The side pieces of the metasternum are partly covered by the

elytra so as to be much narrowed. The middle coxae are widely,

almost entirely, separated by a large pentagonal mesosternal area.

Metasternum not or very little prolonged between the coxae and

very closely united with the mesosternum, the suture scarcely

visible. Prosternum at middle elevated to the plane of the meso-

sternum forming an area. First ventral segment carinate.

Two genera occur on this coast and are separated by the

characters given in the foregoing table.

Genus Megasternum Mulsant

Maxillary palpi with last segment distinctly longer than the

penultimate. Prosternum elevated, forming a somewhat hexagonal

area, which rather widely separates the anterior coxae, meeting the

mesosternum and having a notch in its posterior margin. Middle

coxae widely separated by a process formed partly of the meta-

sternum and partly of the mesosternum, the latter being in the form

of a broadly pentagonal plate, acute in front, the union between

these two sterna being very close, although with a distinct suture.

Anterior tibiae deeply notched on the outer edge near the apex.

Only one species has been recorded from this coast, though

six are known and two occur in the United States. The genus

occurs also in Europe, Asia, Japan, and Alaska.

Megasternum posticatum Mannerheim

Oval, slightly narrower behind, convex, piceous, sides of pro-

thorax and humeral spot indefinitely paler; elytra at apex distinctly

paler; body beneath piceous, slightly shining; legs rufo-piceous.

Head smooth, shining, entirely piceous. Basal marginal line of pro-

thorax absent, surface smooth, shining, a few sparsely placed, very

fine punctures near the side. Elytra finely alutaceous, surface finely

striate, striae deeper near the apex, the punctures of the striae deeper

near the apex, intervals flat, not punctate. Length 2 mm.

Genus Cryptopleurum Mulsant

Fourteen species of Cryptopleurum are known from the

Pacific area and Europe, four of them occur in the United

States, but only one species has been reported from our Pacific

Coast.

Cryptopleurum unicolor Motschulsky

Oval, convex, punctulate, rufous; palpi long; thorax transverse,

narrowed in front, laterally arcuate; elytra striate, the striae punc-

tate; tibiae spinose on exterior edge. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1.4 mm.

Taken at Sitka, Alaska.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dactylosternum

Wollaston, Ins. Mader., p. 99, 1854.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, pp. 281, 282, 1890.

Cyclonotum Mulsant (ex p.), Ann. Soc. Agr. Lyons, VII, p. 167,

1844.

Sharp (ex p.), Biol. Centr. Am., Col. I, pt. 2, p. 94, 1882.

Dactylosternum cacti Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII,

p. 373, 1855.

Schwarz, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., XVII, p. 355, 1878.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 284, 1890.

Sph^ridium

Fabricius (ex p.), Syst. Ent., p. 66, 1775.

Leconte and Horn, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 73, 1883.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 182, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 265, 1911.

Sph^ridium scaraba:oides Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, p. 356, 1758

(Dermestes).

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 216, 1895.

Barber, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, p. 127, 1905.

Knab, Ent. News, XVI, p. 53, 1905.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 265, 1911.

crenatum Palisiot de Beauvois, Ins. Afr. Am., 1805-1821, p. 157.

Leconte, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 47, 1861.

Leconte and Horn, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 73, 1883.

Cercyon

Leach, Zool. Misc., Ill, p. 95, 1817.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, pp. 287, 288, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, pp. 182, 214, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res.,

1910, p. 265, 1911.

Leng and Mutchler, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVIII, p. 113,

1918,

Fall, Psyche, XXXI, pp. 247-253, 1924.

Cercyon depressus Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent., Mandib., II, p. 138, 1892.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 294, 1890.

Cercyon 1 fimbriatus Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XXV (2), p. 344, 1852.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 292, 1890.

Cercyon lunigerum Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XXVI (3), p. 168, 1853 (non Mots. 1863).

luniger Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 293, 1890 (non

Reg. 1902).

JULY, 1931] BLACKWELDER SPH^RIDIIN^E

Cercyon quisqilius Linnaeus, Fauna Suec., ed. 2, p. 138, 1761, ( Scara -

baus ) .

Murray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), XII, p. 81, 1853.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 294, 1890.

Cercyon fulvipennis Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XXV, (2), 1852, p. 343, 1852.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 296, 1890.

Cercyon lateralis Marsham, Ent. Brit., I, p. 69, 1802, (Dermestes).

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 297, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

limbatus Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XVI, (1),

p. 260, 1843.

Cercyon marinus Thomson, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh., X, p. 54, 1853.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 296, 1890.

Cercyon adumbratus Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XVI, (1), p. 260, 1843.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 298, 1890.

Cercyon ha:morrhoidalis Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 67, 1775 ( Sphari -

dium ).

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 300, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 265, 1911.

nigricollis Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phila., V, p. 190, 1825;

Compl. Writ., II, p. 294, 1859.

Cercyon pygma:us Illiger, Mag. f. Ins., I, p. 40, 1801. (Spharidium) .

Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 1868-1869, p. 250, 1869.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 301, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 265, 1911.

apicialis Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phila., Ill, (1), p. 203, 1823,

(Spharidium) ; Compl. Writ., II, p. 130, 1859.

Cercyon nigriceps Marsham, Ent. Brit., I, p. 72, 1802, (Dermestes).

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 302, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 216, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 268, 1911.

Leng and Mutchler, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVIII, p. 115,

1918.

mundus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, p. 102,

1844.

Cercyon opacellus Fall, Psyche, XXXI, p. 249, 1924.

convexius cuius Stephens (cited in error), 111. Brit. Ent., Mandib.,

II, p. 146, 1829.

lugubris Horn (cited in error, non Payk.), Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., XVII, p. 302, 1890.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res.,

1910, p. 268, 1911.

Fall, Psyche, XXXI, p. 249, 1924.

Cercyon tristis Illiger, Mag. f. Ins., I, p. 39, 1801.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent., Soc., XVII, p. 303, 1890.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 269, 1911.

Cercyon iculzeri Knisch, Archiv. Naturg., LXXXVIII, A, (5), pp.

97, 100, 1922.

calif ornicus Fall, Psyche, XXXI, pp. 251-252, 1924.

Cercyon rufescens Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), V, p. 233, 1895.

Cercyon navicularis Zimmermann, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 260,

1869.

Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 1868-1869, p. 250, 1869.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 305, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

p. 269, 1911.

Megasternum

Mulsant, Palp., p. 186, 1844.

Leconte, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 47, 1861.

Sharp, Biol. Centr. Am., Col. I, pt. 2, p. 113, 1882.

Leconte and Horn, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 73, 1883.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, pp. 307, 308, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 215, 1895.

Megasternum posticatum Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XXV, (2), p. 344, 1852.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 308, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 216, 1895.

Cryptopleurum

Mulsant, Palp., pp. 186, 188, 1844.

Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 357, 1855; Class.

Col. No. Am., p. 47, 1861.

Sharp, Biol. Centr. Am., Col. I, pt. 2, p. 115, 1882.

Leconte and Horn, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 73, 1883.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, pp. 317, 319, 1890.

Wickham, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 182, 1895.

Blatchley, Col. Indiana in Bull. 1, Ind. Dep. Geol. Nat. Res., 1910,

pp. 265, 270, 1911.

Cryptopleurum unicolor Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

XVII, (4), p. 364, 1845.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 312, 1890.

JULY, 1931] DRAKE AND HARRIS RHAGOVELIA

FURTHER NOTES ON THE GENUS RHAGOVELIA

Hemiptera, Veliidse

BY C. J. DRAKE AND HALBERT M. HARRIS

Since the publication of “Notes on the Genus Rhagovelia,

with Descriptions of Six New Species” in Proc. Biol. Soc.

Wash., Vol. 40, 1927, pp. 131-138, the writers have received for

study numerous specimens of American water-striders. This

paper deals with the genus Rhagovelia and contains the descrip-

tion of one new species with new data on the distribution of

several other species.

Rhagovelia reposita, Drake and Harris, sp. nov.

Blackish brown, somewhat paler beneath, clothed on legs, sides

of body, and genital segments with long, brown hairs. A large tri-

angular patch at the base of each hemelytron and a smaller oval

spot on the membrane, silvery whitish; sides of pronotum in front

broadly silvery, this becoming more or less flavous toward the

median line above. Pronotum strongly swollen between the humeri,

coarsely pitted, with a very distinct median carina; the humeri

prominent, somewhat tubercular, and each terminating in a large

blunt spine; the base triangular, its margin somewhat pale, carinate,

and ending in a produced, acute point. Head produced in front of

eyes and sloping obliquely downward, with distinct impressed

median line, the vertex also with two short, oblique, impressed lines

on each side above. Antennse long, dark brown, finely pilose, the

basal segment with a few scattered setae; segment I distinctly

curved, stoutest, III and IV slenderer and slightly paler than the

others, IV faintly curved; proportion of segments, I :II : 1 1 1 :1 V=50:

44:33:26.

Rostrum testaceous, the apex black, not quite reaching middle

of mesosternum. Prosternum and mesosternum with a broad longi-

tudinal sulcus; metasternum strongly tumid, its hind margin broadly

angular. Venter prominently carinate. Connexivum somewhat

flavous, strongly produced into a long pointed process at the apex.

Legs brown, the coxae and trochanters flavous. Hemelytra blackish,

the silvery markings at the base forming an interrupted transverse

band, the veins darker. Length, 9.1 to 9.8 mm.; width, 2.8 to 3 mm.

Apterous form: Pronotum less tumid, rounded behind, the median

carina terminating behind in a strongly produced point. Abdomen

somewhat silvery pubescent on each side at the base above, clothed

with short, very fine hairs.

Male: Venter carinate throughout, the last segment with a broad

sulcus on each side of the carina, the latter very high and thicker

along the basal third and there produced into a backward projecting

tubercule; the apical margin forming a distinctly raised U-shaped,

plate-like structure into which the raised area of the first genital

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

segment fits. First genital segment cylindrical, strongly curved

downward posteriorly, longitudinally furrowed behind, the distal

margin terminating at the middle in a broad triangular projection,

the raised ridge on each side of the sulcus (a little in front of hind

margin) produced into an oblique, broad, flat, black-margined, spine-

like projection. Terminal segment with an elevated, three-pointed

process above. Clasper long, forming a stout hook with a promi-

nent, flattened spine-like projection near the base of the stem. Legs

long; the posterior femora very strongly incrassate, thickest before

the middle and armed within with several irregular rows of stout,

variable sized, blunt, black spines; hind tibiae also with prominent,

shorter spines; hind trochanters finely dentate.

Female: Venter with the carina becoming obsolete posteriorly,

the last segment slightly more than a half longer than the preceding

one, its hind margin slightly produced in the middle. Last abdominal

segment above produced on each side into a prominent, hairy,

finger-like process. Posterior femora slightly swollen, armed within

with a row of black spines, two or three of which, on the distal half,

are very long.

Holotype, winged male, allot'ype, winged female, morpho-

type, wingless male, and paratypes, many males and females,

Chiquimula, Guatemala, 1930, in author’s collection. This

species may be separated from any known species by its size

and the characters of the pronotum, venter, and genitalia. It

should be noted that there is a slight variation in the size of the

humeral spines of the pronotum.

Rhagovelia armata Burmeister

Chiquimula, Guatemala. Four specimens, — one macropter-

ous male, two apterous males, and one apterous female.

Rhagovelia collaris Burmeister

Numerous specimens, Chiquimula, Guatemala, and one

winged male, Horse Ranch Canyon, Arizona, J. A. Kartchner,

collector. In the male the hind legs show a considerable amount

of variability in the degree of incrassateness of the femora and

a corresponding variation in the shape of the tibiae. In those

specimens with the less incrassate femora the tibiae are nearly

straight. The pronotum is clothed with short, fine, golden

pubescence.

Rhagovelia whitei Breddin

Many specimens, Chapada, Brazil, H. E. Summers’ collec-

tion, Iowa State College.

JULY, 1931] DRAKE AND HARRIS RHAGOVELIA

Rhagovelia excellentis Drake and Harris

In addition to the type series specimens are at hand from

Boulder and Ft. Collins, Colorado, E. R. Becker and from

Las Cruces, New Mexico, C. D. Lebert.

Rhagovelia spinigera Champion

Many winged and wingless males and females are at hand

from Balsas and Cuernavaca, Mexico; San Jose, Costa Rica;

and Chiquimula, Guatemala.

Rhagovelia hirtipes Drake and Harris

Macropterous fejnale: Antennal proportion, 22:13:14:14. Meso-

sternum with a raised, inverted V-shaped ridge which is clothed

with long fine hairs. Apex of abdomen beset with long hairs.

Macropterous male (allotype): Antennae as in female. Pronotum

with a rather distinct median carina, the apex narrowly rounded and

clothed with long hairs. Hind femora short, moderately to strongly

incrassate, densely clothed with long hairs, armed within before the

middle with a long yellowish-brown spine which is followed by

several smaller, black-tipped spines. Hind tibiae straight, closely

dentate within. Last ventral segment a little longer than the pre-

ceding one, very strongly impressed behind, the margins of the

impression densely hairy- First genital segment strongly curved

downward posteriorly. Clasper short, broadest near the base, nar-

rowed and abruptly bent beyond the middle to form a distinct hook.

Apterous form : Pronotum without carina, the posterior margin

broadly rounded. Male narrowed posteriorly, the legs more strongly

incrassate. Female with a rather prominent tuft of hairs on the first

abdominal segment above.

Numerous specimens from Chiquimula, Guatemala. Here-

tofore known only from the holotype, a macropterous female,

from San Pedro, Honduras. The pronotum is provided with

a few fine, inconspicuous deep punctures.

Rhagovelia elegans Uhler

Several specimens, Grenada, West Indies, H. E. Summers,

collector. These specimens represent type material.

Rhagovelia angustipes Uhler

Numerous examples, Grenada, British West Indies.

Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler

Grenada, West Indies, and a very fine series from Honduras.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO.l

The Negro Scale in California

The negro scale, Saissetia nigra (Nietner), has often been

taken in quarantine in California, on plant materials grown in

greenhouses or introduced from tropical and subtropical

regions. It has also been observed occasionally in greenhouses

and lathhouses in the state. In 1920 G. F. Ferris recorded its

presence on Eaonymus on the Stanford University Campus.

In August, 1931, Ferris called the writer’s attention to a

pittosporum tree on the Stanford Campus which was rather

severely infested with this insect. The tree was growing close

to a building and may have been in just the right sort of a pro-

tected location for the propagation of the insect. Later in

September, A. T. McClay, State Department of Agriculture,

collected it on aralia in a nursery in San Rafael, Marin County,

where it was apparently also doing nicely in the open. The past

few winters have been rather mild in California and may be

responsible for the present showing of the coccid. It is inter-

esting to note, however, that whereas it has been considered

impossible for the scale to live out-of-doors in Califorina, that

it has apparently been quite able to sustain itself and even

increase under certain conditions and may yet prove to be

of economic importance in the future. One of its close relatives,

the hemispherical scale, Saissetia hemisphcerica (Targ.), is

primarily a greenhouse pest in California and although it is

frequently taken, often abundantly, on plants growing out-of-

doors, yet in destructiveness it cannot be compared with its

other close relative, the black scale, N. olece (Bern.), which

has become the most important injurious insect in the state.

Which one of these relatives the negro scale will follow can

only be conjectured, but from all the evidence at hand it should

be more like the hemispherical scale than like the black scale. —

E. O. Essig.

JULY, 1931] LINSLEY A NEW MOLORCHUS

A NEW SPECIES OF MOLORCHUS FROM

CALIFORNIA

Coleoptera, Cerambycidse

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

Oakland, California

Molorchus eburneus Linsley, new species

Rufo-testaceous; head, metasternum, and apex of wings piceous,

sparsely clothed with long erect hairs. Head moderately finely,

sparsely punctate; front large, oblique; vertex medianly sulcate; eyes

finely granulate, emarginate; antennae slender, barely shorter than

the body ( 2 ), scape stout, second segment slightly longer than

wide, third segment about three and one-half times as long as

second, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments slightly shorter than third,

subequal, remaining segments diminishing in length toward apex.

Prothorax slightly longer than broad, gradually constricted behind,

sides obtusely angulate; sparsely clothed with long erect hair, longer

and more conspicuous in discal area; surface finely and simply punc-

tured with the exception of a small polished callus in center of

disk, a long dorso-lateral lunate callus, and a small round, shining

lateral tubercle. Scutellum white. Elytra longer than broad, extend-

ing over basal half of first abdominal segment, about one and one-

half times as long as prothorax, dehiscent; humeral angles promi-

nent, acute; obliquely impressed from humeri to sutural margin,

with a narrow ivory-white carina just posterior to and along latter

half of oblique impression, also a short transverse impression before

apices; puncturation fine, sparse, more deeply pronounced in basal

region and along oblique impression; apices rounded, bullate. Ab-

domen shining, the segments diminishing in length and size toward

apex, minutely and sparsely punctured, glabrous except at sides of

basal segments, where clothed with a dense, fine, white pubescence.

Legs slender; femora distinctly clavate, basal portion tubular, hind

pair darker, almost piceous, with basal portion almost twice as long

as clavate portion; tibia arcuate. Length, 10.5 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.

Type, female, (No. 1890, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) taken at

Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park, Calif., Alt. 7000 feet,

on July 19, 1931, by Mr. A. Michelbacher, and one paratype in

the collection of the author, taken at Fallen Leaf Lake, Calif.,

Alt. 6300 feet, on July 21, 1930, by Mr. A. T. McClay. Both

specimens were taken on fir, Abies.

This species shows a much closer relationship with the

European M. minor Linn., than with any of the previously

described American species. This relationship is emphasized

by the large prothoracic calluses and the ivory-white elytral

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

carinse. It differs markedly from M. minor, however, in the

shape and proportions of the prothorax and in sculpture and

puncturation. In M. minor the prothorax is longer and nar-

rower, more angulate at the sides, suddenly constricted behind,

gradually anteriorly. The prothoracic calluses are very nar-

row and subparallel, whereas in eburneus they are wider, the

edges less well defined, and distinctly arcuate. From the North

American species, M. bimaculatus and M. longicolUs, the larger

size, greater robustness, color, and the structural characters of

the prothorax and elytra easily separate eburneus. In addition,

the puncturation of the head and prothorax in bimaculatus and

longicollis, as in minor, is coarse, dense, and more or less vario-

late; in eburneus the puncturation is finer, sparser and simple.

All three of the American species of Molorchus are found

in California. M. longicollis is a fairly common western species,

ranging throughout the Pacific States and British Columbia,

and may be taken on a great variety of shrubs and trees, usually

on hardwoods, less commonly on conifers. M. bimaculatus re-

places longicollis in eastern North America, likewise having a

great number of host plants, but is also found in California, and

the writer has taken typical specimens from the branches of

Azalea, Rhododendron occidental Gray, in Yosemite Valley,

July 6-14. The following table will help to separate our species :

Key to the North American Species of Molorchus

1. Large, robust, light-colored species; prothorax gradually nar-

rowed behind, distinctly angulate at sides, puncturation

simple, fine, with a large dorso-lateral callosity; elytra with

oblique ivory carinse. 8.5 to 10.5 mm. Central California

eburneus n. sp.

Small, slender, black species; prothorax rather suddenly con-

stricted behind, rounded or only slightly angulate at sides,

puncturation coarse, more or less variolate, lunate callosi-

ties lacking 2

2. Prothorax distinctly longer than broad; elytra testaceous, uni-

colorous. 5 to 7.5 mm. Pacific Coast longicollis Lee.

Prothorax only slightly longer than broad; elytra bicolored,

base, apex and lateral margin black. 5 to 7 mm. North

America bimaculatus Say

JULY, 1931] GUNDER HOLLAND’S BUTTERFLY BOOK

THE BUTTERFLY BOOK. By W. J. Holland, 4to, pp. xii, 424,

77 plates. Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, N. Y., Pub-

lishers. Price, $10.

“The Butterfly Book,” by Dr. W. J. Holland, has for thirty

years been the standard book on the butterflies of boreal North

America, over 60,000 copies having been sold. The new

edition is an attempt to completely cover the fauna from the

Arctic Circle to the Gulf of Mexico. The old edition figured

513 species and varieties on 48 plates. The new edition

figures 972 species and varieties on 77 plates. The old

edition had 184, the new 200 text-figures. The book, while but

a little thicker than the first edition owing to the increased size

of the letter-press, contains fully three-fourths more material

than the first edition.

The most important feature of the new edition is the fact

that many of the figures on the plates are representations of

“types” or “paratypes,” thus giving to the volume a definite

scientific value, making it indispensable to scientific workers,

while not detracting from its popular appeal to all who are

interested in the study of the butterflies of the United States

and Canada.

The book is characterized by conciseness and “Holland

accuracy” in statement as well as in delineation. The author

has endeavored to harmonize the results of the many later views

as to nomenclature and has retained many names removed by

recent authors who, following certain authorities, such as

Hubner’s “Tentamen,” or erecting new names upon circum-

stantial technicalities, have overthrown the nomenclature in

vogue for a century or more. This effort to restore after a

fashion, or to stabilize the nomenclature, will be looked upon

with pleasure, especially by certain American and older Euro-

pean writers.

In writing this book, Dr. Holland, who is regarded as “The

Dean of American Lepidopterists,” has done for the rising

generation what he did for its predecessor. The appearance of

this volume is the most notable event of the year for American

students of insect life. — J. D. Gunder.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Editorial Note on Dr. Holland’s Butterfly Book

The review notice by Mr. Gunder, preceding this, calls

attention to the new edition of Dr. Holland’s “Butterfly Book.”

The students and collectors of our North American diurnals

now have a very complete manual, comparable to the best pub-

lished on the European fauna, by which they should be able to

determine any butterfly found north of the Mexican boundary.

As in the first edition of this work the species are not fully

described, characters being mentioned only when necessary to

supplement the figures, but notes on distribution, relationships

and life history, in Dr. Holland’s inimitable style, make the study

of these beautiful insects a joy, and will hold the interest of

anyone who may use this work. The teaching of nature study,

or its equivalent, in our schools has greatly increased the number

of those interested in insects, and among these the butterflies

come in for more than their share. To all these students Dr.

Holland’s book will be an all-sufficient source of information

by which they can determine and arrange their collections.

Some of us who are now classed among the older entomologists

cannot but contrast the ease with which beginners can now

determine their material with the difficulties we used to en-

counter in the study of even our more common species. We

had no Holland’s “Butterfly Book” then.

Dr. Holland does not attempt to figure, or even to list, all

the aberrations of our butterflies that have been given names.

Many of these named aberrations represent extremes of melan-

ism or albinism that can be found in most long series, and

usually are connected by intermediates with the more typical

form of the species. Many subtropical species are included

which invade our southern borders, especially in southern

Florida and about Brownsville, Texas. Farther west along the

Mexican border we find the southern forms are mostly Sonoran,

a fauna native to those areas, as it is to Sonora and Lower

California north of La Paz, and one that finds its center of

distribution close to, if not on, the international boundary.

Finally the publication of this new edition of the “Butterfly

Book” places every student of our diurnals under renewed obli-

gation to Dr. Holland, an obligation it is an honor as it is a

pleasure to acknowledge. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1931] BLAISDELL TENEBRIONIDiE

STUDIES IN THE TENEBRIONIDIE

NUMBER THREE

(Coleoptera)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California

The species of Nyctopcn'is defined below has been waiting

for publication for more than a decade under a manuscript

name. It is related to carinata Lee. The sculpturing of the

head, pronotum, and elytra has been described in detail to form

a basis of comparison for a synoptic revision of the tribe

Nyctoporini in the near future.

Nyctoporus vandykei Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form elongate, comparatively slender, noticeably narrowed an-

teriorly and about three times as long as wide. Punctation foveate

in character. Color deep black and moderately opaque. Apices of

the tibiae within and the tarsi beneath clothed with a silky ferrugi-

nous pubescence.

Head carinate, little wider than long, widest across anterior

canthi, the latter more prominent than the eyes and tempora which

are parallel on the same line; the tempora very slightly and gradu-

ally arcuate posteriorly; sides before the eyes very moderately con-

vergent anteriorly, slightly arcuate and undulate, feebly notched at

the oblique suture. Epistomal apex truncate between the moderately

prominent and obtuse angles. Labrum transverse, apex quite arcu-

ate, very feebly subemarginate in middle third. Frons extremely

coarsely and densely punctate in the central area, punctures concave,

much smaller laterally and anteriorly, especially on the epistoma;

surface plane, irregular, median carina sublinear and weak, arising

gradually from the vertex and extending to near the epistomal base

where it is atrophic; supra-orbital carina over the eyes continued

forward to the lateral margin on the supra-antennal convexity as a

very irregular ridge, lateral to which and against the eye the surface

is rather strongly impressed. Eyes not in the least prominent, short,

transverse, about one and a half times wider than long, small as

viewed from above, arcuately embracing the anterior canthi; facets

rather coarse and extremely feebly convex. Mentum transverse,

apex truncate; sides angulate, very obliquely straight and converging

both apically and basally from the angle; surface impressed at base

before the submental suture. Antennae little longer than the pro-

notum and a little less than the width, moderately stout, not incras-

sate; second joint short and annular, third obconical and elongate,

a little longer than the fourth, the latter slightly longer than wide;

fifth to the eighth inclusive subequal in size and as wide as long,

ninth and tenth very feebly triangular, slightly flattened on their

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

lateral surfaces, just the least longer than wide, eleventh smaller,

irregularly rounded, apex feebly oblique.

Pronotum subquadrate, about one-sixth wider than long, apex

slightly arcuate, broadly but not strongly sinuate laterally within

the angles, the latter briefly prominent and obtusely rounded; sides

very moderately arcuate anteriorly, becoming less so posteriorly

and almost straight and sinuate for a short distance before the basal

angles, the latter subacutely prominent; base a little wider than apex,

broadly arcuate and sinuate within the angles; lateral and basal

margins slightly reflexed; disk densely, extremely coarsely punctate,

punctures concave and foveiform, intervals raised and more or less

interrupted, forming irregular ridges; surface impressed laterally at

middle against the margin, impression rather broad, rounded and

very shallow; just within is a second or discal which is small and

extremely feebly indicated; lateral surface is also narrowly impressed

along the submarginal area and within the basal angles.

Elytra elongate, oval, about twice as long as wide, almost three

times as long as the pronotum; base feebly emarginate, very slightly

wider than the pronotal base; humeri small and rather sharply obtus-

angular; scutellum small, transverse and marginal; sides broadly and

very moderately arcuate, becoming more strongly so at apex, where

the small individual sutural angles are acutely prominent, and divari-

cate; disk slightly flattened in the central area, otherwise quite

evenly arcuate from side to side, upper part of the apical declivity

quite abruptly and arcuately declivous, thence oblique and straight

on the apical lobe to apex; ten-striate, striae of moderate sized, round

and shallow punctures, those of each series separated one from

another by an interposed small and round tubercle about equal to

the diameter of a puncture; each puncture with a small curved seta

at center. There are ten intervals, not including the submarginal on

each elytron: first or sutural with a row of small, slightly elongate

tubercles, somewhat smaller apically, little larger basally, the series

arcuately diverging lateral to the scutellum to attain basal margin

and there join first costa; second with a row of larger elongate,

compressed tubercles which are at least twice as long as wide and

quite semicircular in anteroposterior outline, obtusely rounded on

summit, separated by an interval about equal to their width; tuber-

cles of fourth and sixth intervals slightly less elongate, otherwise

similar to those of the second, those of the eighth smaller, thinner

and sharper at summit, while those of the tenth are still smaller,

rounded, more or less atrophic and more widely spaced. Each

elytron four-costate: these occurring on the third, fifth, seventh and

ninth intervals, first three of about equal prominence, the fourth less

so: first costa on third interval and formed by more or less coales-

cent larger compressed tubercles, most strongly confluent toward

base, crenulate at summit; tubercles forming the third and fourth

costas less coalescent, those of the fourth sharp at summit. The first

and second costas attain the basal margin; the fourth and least

JULY, 1931] BLAISDELL TENEBRIONIDiE

developed, feebly attains the humeri, and the third terminates a

short distance behind the same. Apically the costae terminate on

the upper and arcuate part of the declivity at base of the lobe, the

third joins the first, second ending between the two, fourth more

or less obsolescent apically. Small curved setae arise from the punc-

tures at anterior extremity or between the coalescent tubercles on

the costae, between the discrete tubercles of the alternating series.

Undersurface of the body coarsely and densely punctate through-

out. Legs moderate in length and rather slender.

Measurements: (Type) Length, 17 mm.; width, 5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 2722, Museum California Academy

of Sciences, in collection of E. C. Van Dyke, taken by him in

July 1913, at Camp Nelson, Tulare County, California.

Paratypes in the collections of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and

F. E. Blaisdell, Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.

Eleven in number. Ten collected by Dr. Van Dyke on July 6,

15, and 17, 1910, South Fork Kings River Canyon, altitude

5000 feet, and in Paradise Valley, Kings River, altitude 7000

feet, Fresno County, California. I take pleasure in dedicating

this fine species to my friend and associate on many profitable

collecting trips. . Specimens were taken by J. C. Bradley on

July 21 and 26, 1907, at an altitude of 6000 to 7000 feet in the

Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California.

A very distinct species belonging to the carinat'a group of

species. Vandykei differs from carinata Lee. by its less robust,

more elongate and somewhat slender form, less coarsely and

more densely sculptured elytra; the presence of well-marked

rounded tubercles between the punctures of the strial series and

the weak frontal carina arising less abruptly from the vertex.

In carinata the form is more robust and the tubercles of the

strial series are irregularly obsolete or more or less evident,

rendering the discrete tubercles of the first to the eighth inter-

vals inclusive more conspicuous. The type region for carinata

Lee. is San Diego, California, but it occurs at least as far

north as Santa Barbara, segnis Casey being identical and, there-

fore, a synonym. The smallest specimen of vandykei, evidently

a male, measures 15.5 mm. in length and 5.5 mm. in width.

Species of the galeata group have the inner or discal impression

of the pronotum deeply foveate and conspicuous.

During the past few years a number of very interesting

species of Helops have been collected and in greater abundance

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

than ever before. At the present time I am making known a

species collected in 1910 by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

Helops fresnoensis Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form elongate, obovate, widest a little behind the middle of the

elytra, a little more than twice as long as wide. Color deep black,

tarsi slightly piceous. Luster dull and somewhat sericeous.

Head subquadrate, widest across the eyes; sides before the latter,

moderately strongly arcuate and convergent to the oblique suture;

sides of the epistoma parallel and straight, apex transverse, angles

slightly prominent anteriorly and narrowly rounded; frons broadly

and quite strongly impressed on the frontal suture, slightly so

against and in front of the eyes, moderately and transversely convex

between the latter and somewhat so over the antennal fossae, sur-

face of the epistoma very feebly convex; densely and coarsely punc-

tate, punctures not well defined on the vertex. Labrum transverse,

lateral angles broadly rounded, very feebly and broadly sinuate at

middle of apex, apical margin with a dense fringe of rather coarse

ferruginous hairs; surface densely punctate, punctures irregular in

size and smaller than on the frons. Eyes transverse, subreniform,

three and three-fourths times wider than long, slightly and broadly

emarginate behind the antennae, upper lobe a fourth larger than

the lower portion, rather coarsely faceted. Mentum transversely

oblong, apex slightly and broadly emarginate; rather broadly and

feebly subcarinate on median line, surface broadly and not very

strongly impressed laterally; surface densely punctate, carina rather

sparsely and irregularly punctate and more or less glabrous apically

and basally. Antennae long and slender, not incrassate, attaining

the middle of the elytra; second joint small and as long as wide,

third elongate and not quite four times as long as wide, five times

as long as the second; fourth to the eighth inclusive obconical and

elongate, equal in length and three times as long as wide, exclusive

of the sixth which is a little longer than the seventh; ninth and

tenth obconico-triangular, shorter, of about equal length and about

a half longer than wide; eleventh oval, about a half longer than wide,

slightly oblique, it and the tenth not quite as wide as the ninth.

Last joint of the labial palpi quite quadrate apically, distinctly com-

pressed, apex transverse. Last joint of the maxillary palpi sub-

triangular, no two sides equal, outer border about a third longer

than the apical, which in turn is a little longer than the inner border.

Pronotum subquadrate, widest at apical third, about a fourth

wider than long; apex truncate in less than moderate circular arc,

bead obsolete at middle third, angles obtuse and slightly rounded;

sides quite strongly arcuate in apical half, thence slightly convergent,

straight to more or less broadly and feebly sinuate before the basal

angles, marginal bead moderately coarse; base transverse, three-

sevenths wider than apex, bead broad and flat, angles subrectangular

and somewhat prominent; disk moderately convex, slightly and

JULY, 1931] BLAISDELL TENEBRI0NIDA5

rather broadly impressed within the basal angles, coarsely and

densely punctate, punctures slightly less crowded in the central area,

with an occasional small impunctate area, punctures extremely

minutely setigerous.

Propleurae and prosternum densely punctate, punctures similar

to those of the pronotal disk. Prosternal process shining, sparsely,

irregularly and coarsely punctate, quite horizontal and rectangular

at apex.

Elytra about two-thirds longer than wide, widest behind the

middle; base transverse, as wide as pronotal base, humeri obtuse

and not in the least prominent; sides broadly and evenly arcuate to

the obtusely ogival apex, noticeably convergent toward base; disk

moderately strongly and evenly convex, arcuately declivous at the

sides, obliquely so apically, most convex at the declivity; striae of

elongate linear punctures that are not impressed, intervals finely and

irregularly punctate, surface more or less finely and irregularly

creased. Scutellum about as long as wide, evenly arcuate apically,

glabrous with few irregularly placed punctures in basal half.

Epipleurae slightly concave at base, surface smooth, sparsely and

very finely punctate and more or less wrinkled; basal margin slightly

prominent and forming the humeral angle. Parapleurae densely and

coarsely punctate as are the propleurae. Sternal punctures less

defined, slightly less dense but otherwise similar.

Abdomen moderately convex, rather densely punctate, punctures

smaller, separated by a distance equal to two or four times their

diameter; sutures not impressed, second and third segments equal

in length, fifth equal to the postcoxal part of the first, second three-

fourths longer than the fourth; first and second segments more or

less rugose laterally; first with a linear impression on the median

line. Each puncture with a moderately long and subdecumbent hair.

Legs rather long and slender; femora not swollen and similar; tarsi

of moderate length, metatarsi equal to a little more than half the

length of their femur.

Measurements: (Type) Length, 17 mm.; width, 7.2 mm.

Holotype, male, No. 2723, collection of E. C. Van Dyke,

Museum California Academy of Sciences. Collected by him

on July 4, 1910, on the slope of Lookout Peak, altitude 8000

feet, overlooking the South Fork of Kings River Canyon,

Fresno County, California. One male paratype taken at the

same time and place.

Fresno ensis is apterous with the elytra connate at the suture,

and belongs to the group of species that have the propleurae

densely punctate. It should follow opaca Lee. in our lists, from

which it differs by the more elongate form, finer sculpturing

and subsericeous luster. Simulator Blais, is more depressed,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

pronotum less convex and broader, besides the functional wings

are well developed. Punctipennis Lee. is smaller and depressed,

elytra moderately striate and wings are present. Spretus Horn

is moderately robust, elytra finely striate, punctation moderately

coarse and the surface has a slight aeneous luster. In the holo-

type the left metatibia and tarsus are missing.

A New Work on Hawaiian Insects

California entomologists will be interested in a “Handbook

of the Insects and Other Invertebrates of Hawaiian Sugar-

Cane Fields” recently published by the Hawaiian Sugar

Planters’ Association Experiment Station at Honolulu. The

book, of 400 pages, was compiled and mostly written by Dr.

F. X. Williams, formerly of San Francisco. The groups are

treated systematically and are well illustrated by cuts. The

book will serve as a very useful introduction to the insects of

the Hawaiian Islands. — E. P. Van Duzee.

Our New Treasurer

The rapid development of the work at the University Farm

at Davis and the distance from the place of publication, has

led Dr. Freeborn to ask to be relieved from the duties of

treasurer of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. The publica-

tion committee, as well as the editor, feel under deep obligations

to Dr. Freeborn, and to Professor F. H. Wymore who has

handled the work while Dr. Freeborn was absent on sabbatical

leave, for the faithful and efficient way in which they have

handled the financial end of this undertaking for the past five

years. Mr. E. R. Leach has very generously agreed to assume

the duties of treasurer and for the present he will have a desk

in the entomological department of the California Academy of

Sciences, where all subscriptions and remittances should be

addressed as follows :

“Mr. E. R. Leach, Department of Entomology, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Cali-

fornia.” — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1931] CHAMBERLIN NEW BUPRESTIDA5

A NEW SPECIES OF BUPRESTIDSE FROM

CALIFORNIA 1

(Coleoptera)

BY W. J. CHAMBERLIN

Forest Entomologist, Oregon State College

Glyptoscelimorpha viridis Chamberlin, n. sp.

Closely allied to G. marmorata Horn, which it resembles in shape,

but is smaller, 7 to 7.5 mm. in length, 3.2 mm. in width. Dorsal sur-

face metallic green, more pronounced in the male, and clothed with

elongate, narrow, lemon-yellow scales. Head green, front coarsely,

deeply punctate. Antennae about one-third as long as body; seg-

ments 7 to 11 about as wide as long, terminal segment very much

constricted, hardly one-quarter as large as the eleventh, amber-

colored throughout. Scutellum almost triangular, more than twice

as wide as long, shining, depressed in center. Thorax more than

twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, sides sinuate, widest at

middle and extreme base, disk deeply rather coarsely punctate.

Elytra somewhat wider than the base of the thorax; surface deeply,

coarsely, confluently punctate. Ventral surface shining cupreous but

having a whitish appearance due to the thick coating of scales over-

laying a coppery ground color. Legs amber-colored.

This species is at once distinguishable by its smaller size,

the length being 7 to 7.5 mm. This is the length given by

Dr. Horn for G. marmorata, 2 but in measuring more than a

dozen examples of the latter it was found to have an average

length of 9 mm. The greenish appearance is very distinct from

the bronze of G. marmorata and the clothing of yellow scales in

place of the white or cream-colored hairs or pubescence, to-

gether with the antennal segments, 7 to 11, being almost as wide

as long, the constricted twelfth segment and the coarse con-

fluent punctures set it off at a glance.

In Dr. Horn’s description of the genus, he states that the

third joint of the antennae is longer than the first, whereas it

is hardly as long in either of the species and in the females

it is distinctly shorter. The broad scutellum is not oval, as the

posterior margin has a central lobe extending to the rear.

Four specimens, one male and three females, are before me.

One female has the scales more grayish than yellow, otherwise

1 Published as technical paper No. 166 with the approval of the director

of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. A contribution from the

department of entomology.

2 1893. Horn, G. H., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX, pp. 137-138.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

there is no variation in the specimens. The male is at once

distinguishable by having a very deep cleft in the last ventral

abdominal segment.

The 12-segmented antennae and the very peculiar lobed tarsal

segments, as well as the wing venation, would indicate that this

genus does not belong in the family Buprestidae.

The type locality of G. viridis is Palmdale, California. The

host is probably Juniperus calif ornicus. Type in the author’s

collection. Other specimens in the collection of Mr. Kenneth

Sloop of Pasadena, California.

Note on the Redwood Scale

The redwood scale, Aonidia shastcz Coleman, was first taken

on Giant Sequoia trees at Atwell Mills, near Sequoia National

Park, in April 1931, by K. A. Salman and J. M. Miller, Bureau

of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. It occurred

in great numbers on the leaves and stems of certain young

second-growth trees only in more or less shady areas along the

highway, where road dust contributed to the discomfort of the

infested trees. Additional material was also furnished by Mr.

Miller in August 1931, from the same locality. Specimens

were referred to Prof. G. F. Ferris, who determined them as

the above. This scale was originally taken on McNab Cypress

at Clear Creek, near Shasta, California, August 29, 1901, by

G. A. Coleman, who described it as Aspidiotus coniferarum

var. shastcc. 1 Other specimens were also taken by Coleman on

Go wen cypress in Lake County of the same year. In 1920

G. F. Ferris recorded 2 it on the coast redwood, “at times in

great abundance, always on the leaves.” Ferris also calls atten-

tion to the fact that the species was described by C. L. Marlatt

as Aonidia juniperi from specimens taken on juniper in Utah.

According to Miller the insect has not been observed on

normal trees and there is no present indication that it will ever

become a serious pest of the giant redwood. — E. O. Essig.

1 Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 67 (1903).

2 Stanford Univ. Pub., Univ. ser., Biol. Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 54, 55 (1920).

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

a taxonomic list of genera. By J. Chester Bradley, Professor

of Entomology in Cornell University. Limited edition. Litho-

printed. xvi, 360 pp. Buckram, $6. Pressboard, $5.

Daw, Illston & Co., 526d West Clinton Street,

Ithaca, New York

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ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

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For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

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Vol. VIII October-December, 1931 No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HICKS, ON THE DIGGER WASP, PODALONIA LUCTUOSA 49

HALL, TWO NEW SPECIES OF SARCOPHAGINiE 52

BENJAMIN, NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS, AMERICAN N0T0D0NTID7E .... 55

KEIFER, CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA, V 61

BLAISDELL, TWO NEW SPECIES OF ELEODES FROM UTAH 7+

KNIGHT, TWO NEW SPECIES OF MACROTYLUS 79

FALL, FOUR NEW BUPRESTID^E FROM ARIZONA 81

BALL, NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS WITH NOTES ON OTHERS 85

MARTIN, A NEW TELEGEUSIS FROM ARIZONA 91

VAN DUZEE, FOUR NEW NEOTROPICAL HETEROPTERA 93

DRAKE, A TINGITID FROM STRAITS SETTLEMENT 96

San Francisco, California

1932

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VIII, No. 2

October, 1931

ON THE DIGGER WASP, PODALONIA LUCTUOSA

(F. SMITH)

BY CHARLES H. HICKS

Los Angeles, California

Newcomer 1 has recently published an excellent paper on

the life history, habits and inquilines of the digger wasp, P. luc-

tuosa (F. Smith). Hicks 2 has later verified these observations

and considered certain other facts. From a study of the species

extending over a period of more than seven years, still other

points press for consideration. One has to do with the adult

female prior to and including the period of active nesting. It

is one that is linked with the manner in which the wasp may

hibernate and closely associated with her nesting activities.

This wasp, very early in the spring or late winter (she may

nest as early as December in southern California), begins her

hunt and capture of subterranean larvae. These are large,

mature, or nearly mature cutworms, which she digs from the

soil and paralyzes with her sting. The prey, reduced to a coma-

tose condition, is suspended over a stem or low object while

the wasp hunts for a nest site and digs in the soil a short tunnel

with a cell at the end. The victim is then transported into the

cell, an egg is placed on its side, the tunnel is closed and the

wasp is soon ready to capture another. There is apparently

never more than one larva and one egg to a given nest, although

the wasp is an industrious worker and provisions many cells.

Fernald 3 points out that this is a northern species with

southern extensions in mountainous districts. It is also active

very early in the season, being present, as for example, at

Boulder, Colorado, when few other insects are abroad. It is

found along with the bees of the genus Halictus, known in

1 Newcomer, E. J. Notes on the Habits of a Digger Wasp and Its

Inquiline Flies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 23:552-563, 1930.

2 Hicks, Charles H. The Hunt and Capture of the Prey of a Digger

Wasp. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. (In press.)

3 Fernald, H. T. The Digger Wasps of North America of the Genus

Podalonia (Psammophila). Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Vol. 71,

pp. 1-42, 1927.

50 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

several species to hibernate during the winter as adults, and

reasoned to do so in many more, upon the first flowers of

the year. It is from this and other facts that the female

P. hictuosa is suspected of hibernating in the adult stage. A

review of certain facts pointing to this habit will be given

below.

In the fall of 1926 at Boulder, when the view of the sun

had suddenly become dimmed by a passing cloud, a wasp under

observation soon made her way to an open tunnel at the edge

of a mound of sand. Reaching the entrance, she moved within.

The mound was then dug away, exposing the tunnel. This

tunnel was found to be almost vertical in position, with a nearly

even diameter of 9 mm. and a total length of 170 mm. At the

bottom was the wasp I had been observing and three more

females resting together.

This observation was made at Owens Lake on September 15.

During the active nesting season no such gregarious instinct

was evidenced ; not, at least, in nest building or provisioning,

for the females were then very solitary in habit. In the words

of Newcomer 4 : “The Podalonias are distinctly solitary and

have no love for one another.”

The tunnel, in contrast to those constructed for prey which

seldom measure more than three inches and usually less, was

more than seven in length and more vertical in position. It

appeared that it had been especially constructed or appropri-

ated for winter quarters.

Eleven days later, this time at the historic White Rocks,

another female was followed into a long tunnel. This one was

nearly ten inches deep and of about the same diameter as the

first. The walls of the tunnel of each retreat were smooth and

in general structure similar. The wasp had advanced to the

very end.

That these females were not decrepit nor near the end of

their days was evidenced by the fact that they lived for many

weeks in improvised cages placed in the University greenhouse.

In this altered environment the individuals were subjected to

a much higher air temperature and humidity than they would

have been in the open. Thus they doubtless “burned out” their

lives much earlier than they normally would have done.

4 Newcomer, E. J. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 23:557, 1930.

October, 1931]

HICKS DIGGER WASP

Subsequently, two years later in California, females were

observed during the winter, previous to Christmas. The weather

was quite cold near Burbank. There had been heavy frosts

and a slight freezing of the soil on a number of nights. On

December 28, P. luctuosa was already found with captured

prey. She had apparently come to take it to a prepared nest

and had been disturbed by my arrival. But she immediately

resumed her work — a typical provisioning.

The task finished, the wasp was watched further to see if

she had a retreat. The weather at the time, although already

high noon, was becoming more chilly, a condition to which the

insect appeared to respond. She did this by becoming less

active and by resting more often than usual flat against the

earth. She soon, however, made her way in an erratic manner,

some fifteen feet distant to the edge of a plowed area, suddenly

disappearing in a tunnel. The tunnel measured about 9 mm.

in diameter and extended 97 mm. into the earth.

This place of refuge was the more interesting because of

the fact that the soil in which it had been dug had been plowed

not later than a month before. Since few wasps other than

this species were about at this time, it seems highly probable

that she had constructed it. But it throws no light on the ques-

tion as to whether or not she hibernated in the adult stage dur-

ing the winter. Much evidence points to the fact that she does,

but it has not been proven.

Other examples secured from studies at or near Pasadena

might be presented. It suffices to say, however, that these agree

essentially with the known facts.

It is obvious from a knowledge of its habits that this species

is of distinct economic aid in the destruction of cutworms, an

aid which can doubtless be greatly augmented under artificial

conditions. The fact that the wasp may remain alive in cap-

tivity for weeks at a time and its habit of remaining compara-

tively quiet for periods, if not actually hibernating in the adult

stage, adds to this possibility. Thus it would appear possible

to rear it in the laboratory or to collect the wasps in the fields

in large numbers, transport them to threatened areas and relieve

cutworm devastation.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

TWO NEW SPECIES OF SARCOPHAGIN2E FROM

CALIFORNIA

BY DAVID G. HALL

Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals

Bureau of Entomology

A large number of Sarcophagidse were taken in California

during the summer of 1929 by the annual collecting expedition

sent out by the Department of Entomology, Kansas University.

Among these were the following two undescribed species.

Sarcophaga beameri Hall, n. sp.

Male. Front 0.279 of head width, average of three specimens

(0.273, 0.300, 0.266); parafrontals and parafacials silvery gray polli-

nose, the former with the usual row of minute hair below, near the

eye; frontal bristles about nine, diverging below to about the middle

of the second antennal joint; antennae black, third joint two and a

half times the length of the second, reaching about three-fourths the

distance to the vibrissae, which are normal and at the oral margin;

palpi and proboscis black, ordinary; bucca two-fifths the eye height

and covered with black hair, none pale before the metacephalic

suture; back of head with three rows of postocular cilia, pale hairs

around the middle and below.

Thorax gray pollinose and with the usual three to five black

stripes; prescutellars, one pair; anterior dorsocentrals, three; pos-

terior dorsocentrals four; sternopleurals three; scutellum with three

marginals, one subapical and one apical.

Abdomen tessellated and with the usual three shifting black

stripes; first, second, and third abdominal segments with lateral

bristles only; fourth segment with the hind border distinctly reddish,

and with a marginal row of about twelve bristles. Fifth sternite

divided, reddish, the two arms parallel and together, covered with

minute setae.

Hypopygium red; first segment somewhat dark basally, slightly

pollinose and with a marginal row of about seven setae; second seg-

ment with numerous bristle-like hairs; genital parts as shown in the

figure.

Wings hyaline; costal spine small; fifth costal segment a trifle

shorter than the third; first vein bare, third hairy about two-thirds

the distance to the cross vein.

Legs black; middle femur with comb; middle tibia with one long

and one short anterodorsal bristle; hind tibia with long but sparse

villosity.

Female: Unknown.

This species belongs to the provisional group “F,” and is

seemingly most closely related to those species near N. prohibita

October, 1931]

HALL SARCOPHAGIDiE

Aid., from the shape of the genitalia. It differs from any of

these, however, in possessing four posterior dorsocentrals ; all

the others, with the exception of S', hamata Aid., have three.

It differs from this latter species in having the posterior pair

of tibiae villose, as well as possessing numerous differences in

the form of genitalic parts.

Holotype : Kansas University collections.

Paratype: No. 43,810, U. S. National Museum.

The above description is based upon three male specimens ;

the holotype, collected at Cuyamaca Lake, California, July 6,

1929; one paratype, collected in the Laguna Mountains, Cali-

fornia, July 6, 1929 (R. H. Beamer) ; the other, in the San

Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, California, July 28, 1930

(D. G. Hall).

L beamer i Hal I. JS. omani Hall.

Sarcophaga omani Hall, n. sp.

Male. Front 0.189 of head width, average of five specimens

(0.175, 0.235, 0.177, 0.150, 0.212); parafrontals and parafacials silvery

gray pollinose, the former with a single row of quite long bristles

below near the eye; frontals about eleven, diverging below to about

the middle of the second antennal joint; antennae black, third joint

twice the length of the second and reaching three-fourths the distance

to the vibrissae, which are slightly approximated and a bit above the

oral margin; arista with long plumosity for almost three-fifths its

length; palpi longer than usual; proboscis shorter; both black; bucca

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

about one-third the eye height and covered with black hair, none

pale before the metacephalic suture; back of head with two rows of

postocular cilia and pale hair around the middle and below.

Thorax gray pollinose and with the usual three to five black

stripes; anterior acrostichals two or three; prescutellars, one pair

rather large; anterior dorsocentrals two; posterior dorsocentrals

three; sternopleurals three; scutellum with two marginals, one sub-

apical and one apical.

Abdomen silvery gray pollinose, tessellated, and with the usual

three shifting black stripes; first and second segments with lateral

bristles only; third segment with a small pair of depressed mar-

ginals; fourth segment with a marginal row of about ten bristles.

Fifth sternite obscured.

Hypopygium red, shining; first segment with a marginal row of

about eight long setae; second segment covered with numerous

bristle-like hairs; genital parts as figured.

Wings hyaline; costal spine developed but not long; third costal

segment as long as fifth; first vein bare; third vein with setae almost

to the cross vein.

Legs black; middle femur with comb; middle tibia with one

anterodorsal bristle; hind tibia without villosity.

This species belongs to the provisional group “D” and is

related to those species nearest N. aculeata Aid., from which it

differs in the shape of the genital parts.

Holotype: No. 43,811, U. S. National Museum.

Paratype : Kansas University collections.

The above description is based upon a male specimen

selected from a series of ten males : three, Deer Creek Canyon,

Peloncillo Mountains, New Mexico; four, Menard, Texas,

August (H. E. Parish) from traps baited with decaying meat;

one from the Laguna Mountains, California, July 6, 1929 (L. D.

Anderson) ; and two from Coachella, California, July, 1929

(Hall). The holotype is from the Arizona series.

Gelechia versutella Zell.

Previous publications on this species have listed it from

Canada, Wyoming, Colorado, and Texas, but not from Cali-

fornia. It is, however, fairly abundant on the wing in northern

California during the latter part of June, and may then be

taken flying from the trunks of Cottonwood trees. The speci-

mens before me were collected a few miles above Sacramento

on the Sacramento River. Mr. Busck determined the species. —

H. PT. Keifer.

October, 1931] benjamin — notodontid^e

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS, AMERICAN

NOTODONTHAE

BY FOSTER H. BENJAMIN

Bureau of Entomology , United States Department of Agriculture

The notes and descriptions in this paper are the result of

rearrangement of certain groups in the National collection.

One genus and seven species of American moths are described

as new and the synonymy of four other species is discussed.

Ianassa pinalensis Benjamin, n. sp.

Head and thorax clothed with white and black scales. Fore

wing blackish, basally tinged with rufous, suffused with white in

region of cell and submedian fold, with a white patch distal to the

dark discocellular patch; veins marked with black; black basal dash

present; a black subterminal series of dashes between the veins,

these dashes more or less defined by white, the dash above tornus

being the heaviest; fringe dusky with paler interline, partly tipped

with white. Hind wing hyaline white with some black scales on anal

angle and tinging veins 2, 3, and 4; fringe pale, tinged with some

few fuscous scales, except toward anal angle where the fuscous is

intensified. Beneath white, tinged with black especially along the

veins, the costal and distal regions of the fore wing, and the costal

region and anal angle of the hind wing.

Expanse: 37 mm.

Holot'ype. Cat. No. 43,677, U. S. N. M.

One $ , Pinal Mountains, Arizona, elevation 5,000 feet,

15-22 May, 1925 (O. C. Poling).

Ianassa delicatoides Benjamin, n. sp.

Head and thorax dull black and white mixed. Fore wing dull

black, marked with black and white; basal dash, veins, discal dot,

diffused median shade, subterminal dashes strongest above tornus,

all black; t. p. line black, irregular, dentate, geminate, filled with

whitish scales; subterminal dashes more or less defined by white;

fringe fuscous, with paler interline. Hind wing hyaline white, veins

more or less tinted with fuscous, which shade is more or less empha-

sized along costa and at anal angle. Beneath: fore wing whitish

powdered with fuscous; hind wing much as on upper side.

Expanse: 46 mm.

Holotype. Cat. No. 43,677, U. S. N. M.

One $ , Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, September.

Ianassa alpica Benjamin, n. sp.

Head and thorax powdered with black scales and suffused with

pale violaceous and white. Fore wing ochraceous powdered with

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

black scales above submedian fold, suffused with violaceous white

throughout the same region, the white emphasized as surrounding

the discal black dot, at apex, along vein 5, and as a streak interrupt-

ing the obsolescent t. p. line between veins 5 and 6; median shade

dull fuscous, poorly defined; t. p. line poorly defined except in the

region of the tornus where it is irregular, oblique, geminate; basal

black dash present; a black patch at tornus interrupted by a sub-

terminal white crescent; the ordinary black s. t. streaks poorly indi-

cated; fringe ochreous, interlined paler, checkered by black at the

tips of the veins. Hind wing hyaline white with a slight powdering

of black along costal region and at anal angle; fringe nearly pure

white, faintly luteous basally. Beneath: fore wing white, powdered

with black, especially along costal and outer margins; hind wing

much as on upper side; fringes of all wings much as on upper side.

Expanse: 40-42 mm.

Holotype $ , 4 $ paratypes, 1-7 April, 1-7 June, 8-14 Sep-

tember, all 1926, Alpine, Texas (O. C. Poling), Cat. No. 43,683,

U. S. N. M.

Schizura paradisus Benjamin, n. sp.

Head and thorax dull black and white mixed. Fore wing dull

black marked with black, luteous, and white; basal dash, veins, discal

dot, obsolescent median shade, subterminal dashes strongest above

tornus, all black; t. p. line black, irregular, dentate, geminate, obso-

lescent above vein 4, filled with whitish scales; subterminal dashes

more or less defined by whitish; a small luteous, white patch near

apex; a large luteous, white terminal patch between veins 2 and 4;

fringe luteous, underlined paler, interrupted by black scales, espe-

cially at tips of veins and at tornus. Hind wing hyaline white, the

veins more or less tinged with a few fuscous scales, especially termi-

nally; powdered with fuscous along costal region and with a strong

fuscous patch at anal angle; fringe white, defined basally with pale

luteous, with black at anal angle and a few black scales at the tips

of veins 2 and 3. Beneath: fore wing white, more or less powdered

with black scales which are emphasized along the costal region;

hind wing much as on upper side.

Expanse: 43 mm.

Holotype. Cat. No. 43,684, U. S. N. M.

One $ , Paradise, Cochise County, Arizona.

Litodonta (?) alpina Benjamin, n. sp.

The present species does not fully agree with the genotype

of Litodonta , veins 7, 8, and 9 being stalked and 10 shortly

stalked from the accessory cell of fore wing, the antennae with

long pectinations decreasing toward the tip, the last six joints

not pectinated.

October, 1931] benjamin — notodontid,e

Fore wing dull fuscous brown, irrorated with black and violaceous-

white scales; basal line black, from costa to vein 1, distally defined

by violaceous-white; s. t. and t. p. lines obsolescent, irregular but

nearly erect, indicated by a series of powdery black scales; 'reniform

thin, bar-like, erect, black; a diffused subterminal fuscous shade line

appearing as if composed of obscure sagittate black dashes distally

fused; terminal line black, thin; veins more or less marked by either

black scales or violaceous-white scales; fringe dull ochreous faintly

interlined and checkered by black. Hind wing dull fuscous-brown,

paler basally, tending to have a deeper fuscous-brown terminal line;

fringe fuscous-brown checkered with blackish. Beneath: dull sordid

white powdered with fuscous, especially upon costal and outer areas

of fore wings and along the outer margins of the hind wings; fringes

checkered.

Expanse: 42 mm.

Holotype, 2 $ paratypes. Cat. No. 43,814, U. S. N. M.

Three $ $ , Alpine, Texas, 1-7 July, 1-7 August, 22-31

August, 1926 (O. C. Poling).

Praeschausia Benjamin, n. g.

Type : Kalkoma sapata Schaus.

Male antennae pectinate to tips, female antennae simple, scarcely

ciliated. Palpi very short, upcurved, the third joint short and scarcely

visible. Tongue extremely short. Legs hairy, except the tarsi. Eyes

large and rounded. Frons less than half the width of the eye, with

central scale tuft. Mesothorax with strong patches of broad metallic

scales appearing as tufts. Abdomen with slight tuft at base (this

tuft often lost). Fore wing: vein 2 from two-thirds out on discal

cell; 3 and 4 from near lower angle; 5 from above middle of disco-

cellulars; 6 from accessory cell near discal cell; 7 from near tip of

accessory cell; 8 and 9 stalked from tip of accessory cell; 10 from

near tip of accessory cell; 11 from about two-thirds out on discal

cell; accessory cell extremely long and narrow, about the length of

vein 7 and longer than 8, 9, or 10. Hind wing: vein 2 from about

two-thirds out on cell; 3 and 4 from near lower angle; 5 from near

middle of discocellulars; 6 and 7 stalked from upper angle; 8 parallel

with cell to near its end, thence sharply divergent.

Named in honor of Dr. William Schaus.

PlLESCHAUSIA ZAPATA Schs.

A pair of this species are in the Barnes series from Babo-

quivari Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, 1-15 August and

15-30 September, 1924 (O. C. Poling). The type locality is

Presidio River, Sinaloa, Mexico.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Heterocampa belfragei Grt.

A single male specimen is in the National collection and

agrees with a figure received with the Barnes collection, of the

type male in the British Museum. This is not the same as the

male of masta Schs. (see B. and Benj., 1924, Contrib. N. H.

Lep. N. Am., V, (3), 180).

The correct synonymy for the latter species appears to be

edwardsi Druce £ mucosa Hy. Edw. nec Moschl. = masta

Schs. Types of muscosa Hy. Edw. and masta Schs. are in the

National Museum, while the name edzmrdsi was proposed by

Druce as a straight nom. nov. to rectify a homonym, hence has

as type the type of muscosa.

Heterocampa picta Feld.

= astarte Dbldy. = menas Harris = chapmani Grt.

Form perolivata Pack.

The name picta Felder was applied to a female specimen

said to come from the Amazon. No closely related South

American species is known and the name has been generally

included in North American lists. Four similar species are

known from the United States, of which simulans B. and Benj.

from Iowa and rufinans Dyar from Colorado may be omitted

from discussion. Of the other two the name picta was applied

to a Florida species in the National collection, while the name

astarte was applied to a Texas species. The Barnes collection

had these names reversed, so that picta was applied to the

Texas, and astarte to the Florida species.

Figures of types astarte and chapmani are before the author

and represent, respectively, male and female of the Florida spe-

cies; the name menas is simply another name for astarte, and

Felder’s figure, although rather poor, seems to represent a

female specimen of the same species. Packard’s type of per-

olivata is a runty bred male from Fort Monroe, Virginia, with

whiter hind legs and more olivaceous fore wings than typical

picta. Possibly the name may represent a lower austral race

of picta rather than a mere color form.

To the “astarte” of the National Museum, Brooklyn Insti-

tute, and Cambridge collections, and the “picta” of the Barnes

collection, the following name is applied.

October, 1931] benjamin — notodontid^e

Heterocampa astartoides Benjamin, n. sp.

Male. Head and thorax pale olive green powdered with black,

often appearing grayish. Fore wing with ground color olive green

powdered with black; basal half-line black, interrupted at the black

basal dash, other obscure basal lines present; t. a. line black, gemi-

nate, nearly erect; reniform an elongate, thin black crescent pow-

dered and crossed by median obscure black shades; t. p. line black,

geminate, dentate, outwardly oblique at costa, slightly incurved near

cell, thence obliquely incurved to the inner margin; s. t. line mainly

as a strong dark shade, heaviest opposite a whitish subapical patch

between said line and the t. p.; terminal line thin, irregular, black.

Hind wing nearly pure hyaline white with some black scales along

costa and a black dot at anal angle. Beneath: white with black

powdering, especially along the costa and terminally on the fore

wing, and along costa of the hind wing which possesses the black

dot in the anal angle as on upper side.

Female similar to the male, except tending to have the fore wings

more olivaceous; the hind wings with their veins and distal margins

suffused with fuscous, and with more or less obsolescent fuscous

median shades.

Holotype $ , allotype 2 , 9 $ , 13 $ paratypes. Cat. No.

43,815, U. S. N. M. Ten $ 5,14 2 2 , the holotype from

Shovel Mountain, VII, 12, the allotype from the same locality;

paratypes from San Antonio, Shovel Mountain, Kerrville, and

unknown Texas localities.

Note: The male genitalia of astartoides and picta differ

mainly in the shape and dentation of the socii. The author

would be inclined to consider that only geographical races were

involved were it not for the fact that the t. a. line is nearly

erect in astartoides and decidedly oblique in picta.

Heterocampa obliqua Pack.

A specimen compared by the author with types trouveloti

Pack, (at Cambridge) and brunnea G. & R. (Amer. Mus.)

indicate that these names apply to the normal females of the

same species described as obliqua Pack., the type of the last

mentioned also having been compared by the author (at Cam-

bridge).

The name varia Wlk., of which there is a specimen in the

Barnes material, compared with the Walker type and labeled

“exact J. McD.,” takes priority over the names georgiana Dyar

and baryspus Dyar (types in U. S. N. M.).

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Heterocampa secessionis Benjamin, n. sp.

Superficially similar to obliqua in size and markings; the fore

wings darker, lacking luteous shadings; the hind wings of the males

lacking fuscous shading along the inner margins.

The genitalia of secessionis and obliqua are different. In

the former, as contrasted with the latter, the sedoeagus is smaller,

its armature reduced to about one-third; the socii are smaller,

less evenly curved, and with different dentation.

Holotype $ , allotype $ , 8 £ , 4 2 paratypes. Cat. No. 43,816,

U. S. N. M., Alpine, Big Bend, Texas, various dates, June to

September.

A Defoliating Noctuid

The ash ( Fraxinus oregona ) over large areas in Douglas

County, Oregon, was almost completely defoliated in early

May, 1931, and the caterpillars of the second brood were abun-

dant the second week of July. The caterpillars eat the more

tender part of the leaves, leaving the mid-ribs and the lateral

veins. When full grown they descend to the ground and pupate

under the soil.

The moths were identified by Mr. F. H. Benjamin as

Homohadena fortis picina Grote. There seems to be no record

in economic literature mentioning this species. — W. J. Cham-

berlin, Forest Entomologist, Oregon State College.

Diploiulus Luscus (Meinert) in California

Professor R. V. Chamberlin places this name on certain

small Millipeds which were collected in Sacramento early in

November 1931. This Arthropod is very common around Capi-

tol Park, and elsewhere in the city. Professor Chamberlin

writes that this species is a native of Europe which is common

in cultivated areas, but is uncommon, even in Europe, where the

soil is not cultivated. Its economic status is in doubt, but it

has been observed entering houses in large numbers. On several

occasions, during sunny winter days, thousands of individuals

have crawled up on the warm sides of the Capitol buildings. —

H. H. Keifer, Sacramento.

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

CALIFORNIA MICROLEPIDOPTERA V

(Gelechiidae)

BY H. H. KEIFER

California Department of Agriculture

Sacramento, California

Since publishing the last installment of this series (No. IV,

Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. 7, p. 27, 1930), the ranges

of the two Gelechias described have been extended. Adults of

Gelechia manzanitce Keifer were taken at light at Zephyr Point,

Lake Tahoe, Nevada, September 1, 1930. Adults of Gelechia

arbutina Keifer were taken at light, September 5, 1931, at

Mount Hermon, Santa Cruz County, California. I am now

fairly certain that manzanitce overwinters in the larval stage.

As was stated in Article No. IV, the larvae of this species are

to be found on overwintering leaves before the spring growth

has started. The finding of small caterpillars between closely

tied Manzanita leaves at an elevation of about 4000 feet, Placer

County, February 22, 1931, which are undoubtedly referable

to this species, strengthens this assumption. I also have recently

noted similar small larvae wandering from dry Manzanita leaves

taken near this Placer County location, August 23, 1931. Gele-

chia arbutina bears the same relation to Madrone. The funda-

mental difference in the life history of Gelechia panella Busck

is that the adult hibernates. An adult of panella was flushed

from a dead pine stump last February at an altitude of about

1000 feet in El Dorado County, California.

The species described as Epithectis calif ornica in the above

mentioned installment is properly referred to Meyrick’s genus

Leucogonia. This species is very closely related to subsimella

Clem., and probably can only be differentiated by means of the

male genitalia.

Eucordylea mackiei Keifer, n. sp.

The adult is a small gray moth with slight black tufts of

scales on the forewings and a central longitudinal black streak

on the outer two-thirds of these wings, which streak separates

the whiter anterior half from the darker posterior. The cater-

pillar mines in Manzanita berries and is brick red in coloration.

Alar expanse 9-11 mm. Fore wings white, overlaid somewhat

unevenly with fuscous irroration, costal half slightly lighter. A black

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

dot just within base on the fold. An oblique dark fuscous, rather

indistinct, band from costal base, ending in fold and followed by

white in the fold (internal edging of plical stigma). An elongate

black spot within costa at one-fourth, in a rather large whitish area.

A very short blackish outwardly oblique dash on costa just before

one-half, opposite which the plical stigma, a small black tuft, is pre-

ceded and followed by white. Between these the first discal stigma,

a black scale tuft, is narrowly circled by white. A blackish central

longitudinal streak begins just before first discal, is partially inter-

rupted by the lower half of this stigma, is again interrupted at the

apical third by the lower half of the second discal stigma, and ends

well within the apex. The second discal stigma is a small black tuft

circled by white and connected by a short transverse white line to

another small black tuft within tornus. A faint thin white fascia

sometimes present within apex from beginning of costal cilia, run-

ning obliquely outward to end of central longitudinal black streak,

thence back to tornus. Blackish blotches often distinguishable on

basal side at ends of fascia, especially on costa. A row of black spots,

around apex of wing on margin, more or less edged with white

inwardly. Cilia fuscous white, irrorated fuscous on costa and around

apex (no irroration on tornal cilia), with a fuscous line running

around apex in cilia. Hind wing and cilia creamy white, slightly

overlaid with fuscous, males with a light ochreous thin hairpencil

from dorsal base. Antennae with basal joint fuscous; flagellum of

female slender, alternating whitish and fuscous annuli on basal half,

fuscous apically; male antennae all fuscous and thick. Palpi white,

second joint with dark fuscous base and central and ante-apical

broad dark fuscous annuli, confluent above, incomplete on inner side;

tip of joint narrowly white, tuft of male creamy white, slightly fus-

cous apically; a slight fuscous coloring at base of terminal joint, a

fuscous annulus just below middle and a broad fuscous annulus just

below tip. Head creamy white irrorated with fuscous above. Thorax

white, more or less infused or irrorated fuscous, in some specimens,

with four black spots, two just behind head and two, slightly tufted,

before apex of thorax; patagia as thorax or lighter. Abdomen

whitish, slightly fuscous, more fuscous laterally. Male genitalia

(Figure 1) asymmetrical; tegumen nearly symmetrical; no lateral

projections; uncus broad; right harpe long and slender, inclined to

the left from base and strongly recurved to the right distally (as in

Recurvaria) ; left harpe nearly straight, slender, shorter than right

harpe; vinculum asymmetrical and holding the anellus on right side;

aedceagus a slightly tapering tube somewhat ventrally curved.

Female genitalia as in Figure 2.

Holotype, male, No. 3588, Museum California Academy

of Sciences, reared June 16, 1930, from a larva mining in the

pulp of a Manzanita berry (Arctostaphylos sp.) which I col'

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

lected May 30, 1930, about three miles northwest of Pentz,

Butte County, California (Clear Creek). Allotype, female,

No. 3589, Museum California Academy of Sciences, with the

same data as the holotype except that the larva was taken

June 2, 1928, and the adult emerged June 13, 1928. Fifty-six

paratypes are in the series from the same locality, the larvae

collected June 2 and 6, 1928, and May 30, 1930; adults emerg-

ing approximately from June 6 to June 28. Paratypes are dis-

tributed to the United States National Museum and to Miss

Annette F. Braun. I take pleasure in naming this species for

D. B. Mackie, senior entomologist, California Department of

Agriculture, who noted these larvae in Manzanita berries while

investigating for possible native hosts of the Mediterranean

fruit fly.

Besides the type locality there are a number of specimens

from other California localities : Marysville Buttes, Sutter

County (Keifer, collector) ; Crescent Mills and Mohawk,

Plumas County (M. L. Jones of the State Department of Agri-

culture, collector) ; Clarksville, El Dorado County (Keifer) ;

Tuolumne County (A. C. Browne of the State Department,

collector) ; Towle and Cisco districts, Placer County (Keifer) ;

Zephyr Point, Lake Tahoe, Nevada (Keifer) ; Emerald Bay,

Lake Tahoe, California (Eleanor Fourness, State Department,

collector). Several species of Arctostaphylos are infested in

this range, which includes elevations from 500 to 7000 feet.

Below an elevation of approximately 4000 feet larvae are

to be found in Manzanita berries through May and June.

Above this elevation the species of Manzanita fruit much later

in the season and larvae can there be collected from late July

to early October. Very likely there are gradations between the

times mentioned, but with the possible exception of the Plumas

County specimens they have not been observed ; they do not

occur in contiguous areas. Adults from the higher elevations

tend to be markedly larger (up to 13 mm. expanse) and darker

than the lower forms, but have the same color pattern and geni-

talic characters. The fall larvae produce adults in the labora-

tory during September, October, and even as late as December.

Larva: 5-7 mm. long when full grown. Body rather light ochre-

ous or light brown-ochreous, with a slight whitish cast except where

overlaid with brick red. This red color on all body segments except

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

first thoracic; dorsal half of all segments with more red on the

anterior two-thirds; second thoracic whitish on anterior margin;

each segment increasingly overlaid with red; fifth, sixth, and seventh

abdominals with only whitish dorsal spots (which include seta II)

and a lateral spot; segments eight, nine, and ten all red. Ventral

surface generally flecked with red. Tubercles small, slightly fuscous,

hairs moderately long, whitish. Crochets 22 to 24, unevenly biordinal,

weak outwardly. Thoracic shield ochreous brown, spotted or slightly

overlaid with fuscous. Anal shield as thoracic shield. Head clear

ochreous; intraocellar area fuscous. Pupa: 4-4.5 mm. long, brown,

glabrous, rather slender. Maxillae ending at convergence of the

antennae and separating the mesothoracic legs. Wings, antennae and

hind legs ending just within posterior margin of fifth abdominal

segment. Sixth and seventh abdominal segments with anterior

suture of each flexible. No cremaster at tip of abdomen; hooked

hairs present.

The larval habit of Eucordylea mackiei is purely that of

mining through the pulp of the Manzanita berry. A surface

discoloration may usually be noted, and often the gallery which

was made by the newly hatched larva is visible just under the

surface. The larval coloration is much the same as that of

many Manzanita insects and approximates the color of the

limbs. Apparently the female of the lower altitude form over-

winters, as the egg must be deposited on the berry. In high

altitudes it is probable that at least part of the individuals hiber-

nate in the pupal stage.

Besides this new species, Eucordylea contains three other

species, all North American. I have not surely seen any of

these, but by their descriptions offer the following comparative

notes. E. atropictella Dietz is eastern and differs notably by

the presence of a heavy oblique blackish band from about the

middle of the costa to the fold. E. elucidella Barnes and Busck

is a southern California species, but lacks the black central

longitudinal streak on the fore wing. E. gallic ola Busck is

very similar to the new species, but has palpi which are possi-

bly colored differently and breeds in sawfly galls on willow; it

was described from Colorado. The symmetrical tegumen of the

male genitalia of mackiei is a specific character, as a male which

is probably gallic ola ; has a large projection from the right side

of this structure.

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

Exoteleia burkei Keifer, n. sp.

The larva of this moth bores out a central longitudinal gal-

lery in developing buds of Monterey Pine in the early spring,

causing the young shoot to droop and die. The adult is a small

dark grayish brown moth, with three whitish transverse fasciae,

edged by black tufts, and bright orange coloring between these

fasciae.

Alar expanse 8-10.5 mm. Fore wings shining, ochreous brown;

outlined, usually narrowly, by whitish scales bearing a broad ante-

apical fuscous or blackish fuscous shade and tipped white; these

scales usually covering most of area below fold. Usually a small

blackish or dark fuscous scale tuft within central base. White trans-

verse fasciae at one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths, respectively,

the central widest. First fascia from costa ending on dorsum, more

or less edged and slightly invaded by dark fuscous irroration; edged

inwardly on both sides of fold by blackish raised scales. Second

fascia from costa to dorsal margin, expanding dorsally, mostly over-

laid on apical side with dark fuscous irroration, edged inwardly from

center of wing to fold by blackish raised scales and outwardly by

blackish tuft just above end of fold. Ante-apical fascia somewhat

invaded by blackish fuscous irroration. Apical margins from before

fascia on both sides lined with blackish fuscous scales slightly tipped

white. Cilia irrorated fuscous and white except at tornus, which is

fuscous. Hind wings whitish overlaid brown fuscous, cilia light fus-

cous. Abdomen fuscous, tip and underside yellowish white. An-

tennae with basal joint fuscous brown, the flagellum with alternating

brown and whitish annuli, the lighter ones wider. Palpi with white

scales which have an ante-apical blackish infusion; second joint

whitish on innerside except anterior margin, very narrowly white at

tip; terminal joint rather rough, white at base, this white extending

somewhat apically on inner side, tip white. Head and thorax white

but heavily infused fuscous, or brownish fuscous, and finely irrorated

white; face sordid whitish, shining; thorax browner anteriorly, some-

times browner on apex, with a scale tuft darker than general thoracic

color at the tip of each patagium. Legs white, overlaid dark fuscous

except at apices of joints and hairs of hind tibiae. Male genitalia

with broad almost bluntly pointed uncus, harpes short, slender,

acute; vinculum with a pair of “lyre-shaped” posterior arms, pro-

jecting obliquely outward at base, then curving directly caudad,

setose at tips; anellus with pair of posterior projections, enlarged

and setose at tips; aedoeagus a blunt slightly tapering tube, curved

ventrally, projecting slightly beyond tips of posterior projections of

anellus (see Figure 3). Female genitalia as in Figure 4.

Holotype, male, No. 3590, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared May 8, 1931, from larva taken April 25, 1931,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

by Dr. H. E. Burke and myself, boring in a partially developed

bud of Monterey Pine ( Pinus radiata Don.) at Palo Alto, Cali-

fornia (Stanford Campus). Allotype, female, No. 3591, with

same data except the emergence date of May 14, 1931. Thirty-

nine paratypes reared from the same host are included in the

type series with larvae collected at the above locality and date,

and also some which I collected as larvae on May 3 in Santa

Rosa. Adult emergence dates are from May 7 to May 25.

Paratypes are in the collections of the United States National

Museum and Miss Annette F. Braun.

The species is named in honor of Dr. H. E. Burke, who

discovered it destroying pine buds in a small stand of young

pines at the type locality. The trees in Palo Alto and Santa

Rosa are artificial plantings, so the original home of Exoteleia

burkei is unknown. This is the case with a number of Micro-

lepidoptera described from the San Francisco bay region that

feed on trees not native to that area. It may be noted in pass-

ing that a Hymenopterous parasite of this moth is established

at Palo Alto.

The larva of burkei is 3. 5-4. 5 mm. long. Head black. Thoracic

shield dark fuscous brown, narrowly bisected. Anal shield dark fus-

cous brown. Body yellow, infused brownish, especially on dorsum

and posteriorly. Tubercles minute, slightly darker than body; hairs

rather short and slightly yellowish fuscous. Prolegs small, 4 to 5

crochets. Pupa: 4 mm. long; brown; fore legs narrowly separated

by the maxillae, which are only slightly longer. Wings, hind legs,

and antennae ending on posterior edge of fifth abdominal segment.

Segments six and seven of the abdomen apparently slightly movable.

No cremaster at apex of abdomen, hooked hairs present.

The damage the larvae of this species do is rather noticeable,

but apparently not very serious. In neither stand where the

species was observed were enough young shoots killed to appre-

ciably retard growth (the Palo Alto trees were not in good

general condition due partly to the nature of their location)

and none of the terminal buds showed signs of attack. The

infested bud starts to develop, but due to the presence of this

caterpillar, growth is arrested, the young shoot often droops

over, and by the first of May is brown and dry. The work of

Rhyacionia pasadenana (Kearf.) in Monterey Pine buds differs

in that the bud is hollowed out before it has a chance to start

growth.

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

Exoteleia burkei is very close to the eastern E. pinifoliella

(Chambers). It differs from pinifoliella most notably in the

larval habit : the caterpillar of the eastern species is strictly a

needle miner. Mr. August Busck, who kindly sent me speci-

mens of pinifoliella , writes: “Your Monterey Pine species has

genitalia in both sexes nearly identical with our eastern pini-

foliella-, in the few slides before me I think I detect slight differ-

ences . . . but it will take many carefully dissected specimens

to make sure these differences are constant. Your species has

unmistakably a strikingly dark head and thorax, quite different

from the light-colored eastern species, and if . . . its larva is a

borer in the buds and not a leaf miner, I would consider it

a distinct species. So far as I know, from many rearings in

various localities, pinifoliella is always a true leaf miner. . . .”

According to the single slide of the male genitalia of pinifoliella

which I have from the specimen Mr. Busck sent, there appear

to be a number of slight differences, as compared to burkei.

In pinifoliella the base of the uncus is narrower and the sides

not sinuate; the “lyre-shaped” posterior projections of the

vinculum (situated just below the anellus) are distinctly more

attenuate, longer, curved more sharply outward at the base

enclosing a greater space, slightly recurved apically, and the

tips farther apart ; the harpes reach almost to the tips of these

projections; the sedceagus is probably not as long. There may

be a slight difference in the venation of the fore wing : 5 at

base is distinctly farther from the origin of 3 plus 4 in burkei

than in my single slide of pinifoliella , but this cannot be posi-

tively proven on the basis of the material at hand.

The genus Exoteleia- Wall, contains four species besides the

two noted above. Of these four, two occur in North America.

Exoteleia dodecella (Linn.), native to Europe, has appeared on

this continent within the last few years. It is somewhat larger

than the new species, generally gray, and with veins 6 and 7 of

the hind wings more nearly parallel. Mr. Busck writes that the

male genitalia of this species is very similar to that of pinifo-

liella (and therefore to the new species). Exoteleia calif ornica

(Busck) is predominantly white.

Gelechia braunella Keifer, n. sp.

I take pleasure in naming this Lupin-feeding, tan-colored

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

moth for Miss Annette F. Braun, who kindly determined the

species as new for me.

Fore wings tan, basal three-fourths lightly irrorated fuscous;

heavier irroration along costa; apex of wing beyond fascia darker

due to general fuscous infusion. A small fuscous indistinct dot near

central base, another slightly further out on costa, a third at basal

sixth on costal side of fold, often opposed by another on dorsal side.

Stigmata as fuscous spots: plical just beyond basal third, often edged

with whitish ochreous scales before and after; first discal obliquely

outward above plical, often edged with whitish scales before and after;

second discal just beyond one-half, tending to run into a large trans-

verse blotch, with whitish scales edging inner side of stigma proper;

transverse fascia just before apical fourth, somewhat outwardly angu-

late in center, sometimes slightly lighter than ground color, irregu-

larly edged with light fuscous irroration inwardly and noticeable

blotches at costa and tornus. Darker apical area with more or less

distinct tan dots around apex within margin; scales along margins

slightly tipped white. Cilia tan, infused fuscous toward base. Hind

wings tan, infused fuscous. Palpi with second joint tan, variable but

usually cream-colored internally with slight or no fuscous irroration

and with external side more or less heavily irrorated, brush somewhat

fuscous infused; terminal joint heavily overlaid fuscous but with scat-

tered light tan scales and light tip. Head and thorax tan, head above

and thorax irrorated lightly with fuscous and with a slight general

fuscous infusion; patagia and thorax often tipped with fuscous.

Abdomen light fuscous, tipped with light ochreous. Legs tan, irro-

rated and overlaid fuscous except at apices of joints and hairs on

posterior tibiae. Male genitalia (Figure 5), symmetrical; with broad

uncus, hairy on lower posterior margins internally; gnathos moder-

ately long, slender, pointed, downcurved; harpes long, slender lanceo-

late, curved downward and somewhat inward; anellus represented by

a setae, bearing projection at base of each harpe; aedceagus rather

long, slender, curved somewhat dorsally and enlarged apically.

Female genitalia with posterior half of ductus bursae chitinized;

bursa and anterior half of duct set with minute spinules; signum as

in Figure 6. Alar expanse 16 to 18 mm.

Type, male, No. 3592, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared May 25, 1928, from a larva taken by the writer

on Lupinus albifrons var. at the Marysville Buttes, Sutter

County, California, May 2, 1931. Allotype, female, No. 3593,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, reared June 1, 1928,

from same host, larva taken near Oroville, California. Para-

types include specimens from Phcenix Lake, Marin County,

reared from Lathyrus vestitus Nutt. ; specimens from Pentz

and Yankee Hill, Butte County, hosts: Lupinus albifrons var.

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

and Lathyrus sulphur eus Brew. ; and examples from Big Bend

Mountain, Butte County, altitude 1500 to 2000 feet, hosts:

Lathyrus sulphureus and Lupinus spp. In some specimens,

especially the higher Sierran individuals, the fuscous coloring

tends to evenly cover the entire wing surface.

Description of larva from Phoenix Lake, Marin County: Length

12 to 14 mm.; head and shield black, remainder of prothorax and

entire mesothorax a very dark reddish brown or purplish black;

metathorax ringed with white anteriorly, but otherwise concolorous

with abdomen, which is whitish or creamy white; six reddish or

brownish red longitudinal stripes, somewhat broken and irregular,

occupy the dorsal half of the body from the anterior white ring of

the metathorax to the ninth abdominal segment; tubercles not large,

black, hairs slightly fuscous.

Gelechia braunella arborei Keifer, n. var.

I give this varietal name to the coastal form of the species

which occurs in the fog belt and is distinctly larger in the adult

stage (19 to 21 mm. in alar expanse) and much lighter. The

fore wings are light tan with much less fuscous irroration than

the type, and no darker apical fifth. Instead of the tan dots

within the apical margin there are interspaced fuscous dots.

The transverse fascia is slightly visible, the palpi are but slightly

fuscous irrorated. In genital characters, however, the variety

is the same as the type.

Holotype, male, No. 3594, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared June 28, 1927, from a larva taken by the writer

from Lupinus arboreus Sims. May 21, 1927, on the San Fran-

cisco sand dunes in an area since built over with houses and

landscaped with imported plants. Allotype, female, No. 3595,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, reared May 7, 1927,

from a San Francisco larva also on Lupinus arboreus. There

are seven paratypes from San Francisco included in the series.

Larvae of this variety occur rarely on Lupinus chamissonis

Esch. Emergence dates for adults of the species and variety

throughout the entire range are from May 4 to July 15. Para-

types of the species and variety are in the collections of Miss

Annette F. Braun and the United States National Museum.

The larva of the fog-belt variety is the same as that de-

scribed, but the body color is infused with a grayish or light

brownish shade. Thus we have darker larvae and lighter adults

on the open coast, and the opposite in the interior. The larval

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

habit on Lupin consists of tying together lengthwise three or

four leaflets and forming a retreat therein. The leaflets are

then skeletonized, or occasionally partially mined. A single

larva probably forms a number of these during its lifetime.

These tied leaves may be rather conspicuous on the Lupin bush.

Only perennial Lupins are attacked, as far as my observations

go. On Lathyrus (native pea) the leaves are also tied together,

usually two leaves with their upper surfaces adjoining, between

which the larva may be found. Sometimes there is evidence of

skeletonization on the sides of this shelter, but usually the

apical part of the Lathyrus leaf is eaten away.

Gelechia demissse Keifer, n. sp.

The work of the caterpillars on their food plant, for which

the species is named, called this obscurely marked moth to my

attention.

Alar expanse 17-22 mm. Fore wings with scales fuscous or fus-

cous gray, rather whitish at base, but black-tipped. General appear-

ance dull dark fuscous. A sparse irroration of whitish or ochreous

white scales over wing surface. A more or less noticeable light

brownish infusion often present; in extreme forms this color over-

lays the costal third of the wing, the apical veins may be vaguely

outlined, and it may also cover the otherwise whitish scales. Stig-

mata as blackish spots, usually distinct: plical at basal third pre-

ceded or followed, or both, by light scales; first discal of one or two

spots (one above the other) obliquely outward from plical, usually

surrounded by whitish or ochreous scales; second discal tending to

be a fairly large transverse blotch at apical third, preceded or fol-

lowed, or both, by the light scales. Transverse whitish fascia, some-

what outwardly angulate, at apical fifth, nearly always visible at

ends and often interrupted centrally. Apical margins of wing beyond

fascia lined with indistinct blackish spots, these spots sometimes

rather confluent, or interspersed with light scales, or edged internally

with whitish or whitish ochreous. Cilia whitish or ochreous whitish,

slightly gray infused, irrorated blackish on basal half and trans-

versely lined fuscous on apical half including tips. Hind wing

whitish, generally infused fuscous which is heavier toward margins

and along veins, apex somewhat darker. Cilia creamy-white infused

light fuscous around apex and along outer margin. Basal half

(length of cell) of underside of male hind wing beset with moder-

ately long hair scales; these scales directed obliquely outward toward

the outer angle, except row from anterior vein of cell which are

directed posteriorly and! are parallel. Palpi whitish but heavily

infused fuscous or dark fuscous and irregularly mottled white;

second joint variable but lighter on inner side, which is sometimes

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

almost all white, though usually only white near base posteriorly,

narrowly tipped with white apically; terminal joint mottled white.

Head light fuscous to whitish, irrorated with blackish, face lighter.

Thorax dull dark fuscous, a slight brownish infusion, sometimes

brownish apically, often two small ante-apical whitish spots. An-

tennae with dark fuscous basal joint, irrorated and tipped with white;

flagellum with alternately whitish and blackish annuli. Legs white,

irrorated and overlaid with fuscous except at apices of joints and

on hairs of posterior tibiae. Abdomen creamy white, infused fuscous

at extreme base, first three or four joints ochreous, the remainder

ochreous or creamy white, infused fuscous on basal three-fourths;

tip whitish; below: infused dark fuscous laterally, irrorated with

fuscous centrally. Male genitalia (Figure 7) partly asymmetrical;

tegumen including uncus somewhat narrow and gradually tapering,

uncus narrow laterally, convex dorsally, bluntly pointed, hairy on

all sides; gnathos hook-shaped; harpes spatulate, equal, rather atten-

uate, hairy along ventral margin, curved inward at apex otherwise

straight, ending at base of uncus; vinculum and anellus asym-

metrical; vinculum an anteriorly projecting lobe inclined to the

right; anellus as two wide lobes ventral to the harpes and projecting

posteriorly, these lobes pointed, the points bent ventrally, right lobe

larger, both lobes set with small hairs on dorsal margin and outer

side; aedceagus a partially chitinized tube, basal third obliquely in-

clined ventrally, the remainder abruptly bent horizontally, a convex

saw-toothed longitudinal ridge centrally placed on dorsal right, a

chitinized ante-apical longitudinal piece on ventral left, bearing from

one to three spines, the anterior persistent. Female genitalia with

somewhat convoluted ductus bursae, which is heavily chitinized on

posterior half; anterior part thickly set with small spines, which are

largest next to the chitinized portion; bursa spinulate; signum

(Figure 8) a pair of basally united spines.

Holotype, male, No. 3596, Museum California Academy of

Sciences, reared June 19, 1931, from larvae which I collected

on Prunus demissa (Nutt.) at Mark West Springs, Sonoma

County, California, May 3, 1931. Allotype, female, No. 3597,

Museum California Academy of Sciences, from the same

locality, which emerged June 20. The series includes twenty-

three paratypes from this location that emerged from June 7

to July 20. I know of no described species having the peculiar

hair scales on the underside of the male hind wings found in

this species. Paratypes are distributed to Miss Annette F.

Braun and to the United States National Museum.

Larva: length 13-15 mm. Head light brown, sometimes more

or less fuscous infused, interocellar area dark fuscous. Shield large,

dull ochreous brown, pale anteriorly, narrowly bisected. Variably

72 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Explanation of Plate

Fig. 1, Eucordylea mackiei, male genitalia; Fig. 2, E. mackiei, female

genitalia; Fig. 3, Exoteleia burkei, male genitalia; Fig. 4, E. burkei,

female genitalia; Fig. 5, Gelechia braunella, male genitalia; Fig. 6,

G. braunella, signum of female genitalia; Fig. 7, Gelechia demissce, male

genitalia; Fig. 8, G. demissce, signum of female genitalia. The letter-

ing: ae — aedoeagus; an — anellus; hp — harpe; s — signum; un — uncus.

October, 1931] keifer — microlepidoptera

infused blackish fuscous posteriorly, especially from the lateral pos-

terior angles; edged with white laterally and posteriorly. Anal shield

sordid yellow. Body fuscous brown, lined with white; tubercles

small, fuscous, somewhat contrasting. A thin, faint mid-dorsal white

line, much broken; subdorsal and supraspiracular lines, much the

same but heavier. Body sparsely spotted with white between these

lines. Subspiracular line white, wide, heavy, continuous. A pair

of rather broken moderately wide ventral white lines running just

inside prolegs. Crochets of prolegs biordinal, longer inwardly, 32-44.

The gray, white-striped larvae of this species may be found

in April and May tying the terminal leaves on young shoots of

this choke cherry. Considerable damage is done the cherry, as

the tips are eventually killed. The larvae live within the mass

of living and dead leaves which result from their activities and

continually add to the nest, causing the tip to droop. Attempts

to feed the caterpillars on cultivated plum leaves were unsuc-

cessful, but they accepted leaves of Prunus ilicifolia. I do not

know whether they will attack cultivated cherry or not.

Gelechia sistrella Busck

Meyrick lists this species from California (as well as Ari-

zona) in the Genera Insectorum, fasc. 184, 1925. I do not know

of other references reporting it from California, so offer this

note for what it is worth. On October 15, 1930, F. T. Scott

collected small larvae of this moth on Alkali Blite ( Sueda mor-

quini Greene) at Visalia, California. Adults emerged from

late October to early December, which correspond exactly to

Busck’s description, except that the palpi are fuscous at the

base. Only small larvae were noted, but these have the follow-

ing color characters :

Head brown, more or less mottled and clouded with fuscous,

especially posteriorly and at sides. Prothoracic shield lighter brown

than head, more or less infused fuscous especially along lateral and

postmargins; obscurely bisected by moderately wide whitish line.

Body dull ochreous pink, somewhat overlaid with a faint white.

Anal segment and shield rather more ochreous than body.

It is a pleasure and privilege for me to acknowledge the

help of Miss Annette F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mr.

August Busck of the United States Bureau of Entomology,

Washington, D. C. They are always very willing and generous

with whatever information they can offer. Without the assist-

ance of these eastern specialists, systematic work on Micro-

lepidoptera in the West would be impossible.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ELEODES FROM UTAH

(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidse)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.

Stanford Medical School and California Academy of Sciences

San Francisco, California

The physical features of the State of Utah are greatly

diversified, presenting high mountains, broad arid valleys and

desert plateaus. The fauna and flora present variety corre-

sponding with that of the topography. The coleopterous fauna

is particularly interesting and at times unique. Prof. Vasco M.

Tanner, head of the Department of Zoology of the Brigham

Young University, has from time to time made biological expe-

ditions to different parts of the State, and it is due to this

research that the author is enabled at the present time to describe

the two interesting species of Eleodes given below:

Eleodes tanneri Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form ovate to subovate, robust, twice as long as wide, elytra

asperately sculptured. Color black, luster opaque.

Head about as long as wide, scarcely as wide as the pronotal

apex, canthi not more prominent than the eyes; sides moderately

convergent anteriorly, rather strongly arcuate over the antennal in-

sertions, slightly emarginate at the oblique sutures, thence straight

to the epistomal apex, the latter sinuato-truncate with angles obtusely

rounded; frons nearly plane, being slightly irregularly convex, densely

irregularly and quite coarsely punctate, frontal suture obsolete or a

mere line. Labrum transverse, arcuate at apex, with a small abrupt

emargination at middle, coarsely and densely punctate, laterally with

rather long, rigid, anteriorly directed setae. Antennae long, extend-

ing beyond the pronotal base, not incrassate, third joint twice as

long as the fourth, second short and about as long as wide; fourth

a little longer than the fifth, the latter to the eighth inclusive quite

equal in length and width, eighth subtriangular, ninth and tenth oval

and slightly transverse, eleventh ovate and truncate at apex, slightly

wider than long.

Pronotum a fourth to a third wider than long, apex transverse

in feeble circular arc, angles obtuse and not in the least prominent;

sides rather strongly arcuate in anterior three-fourths, thence moder-

ately sinuate, becoming parallel before the subrectangular basal

angles; base transverse, slightly wider than the apex, often feebly

truncato-sinuate before the scutellum; disk moderately convex, most

so transversely, densely and moderately strongly punctate, the punc-

tures becoming very dense laterally.

October, 1931] blaisdell — new eleodes

Elytra oval, truncate at base, a fifth to a sixth wider than long,

a little more than twice the length of the pronotum; humeral angles

distinct and obtuse; sides moderately arcuate, gradually converging

in about apical fourth, apex rather narrowly rounded; disk moder-

ately convex, strongly and arcuately deflexed laterally, apical declivity

arcuately and rather abruptly declivous; surface very densely and

scabrously tuberculo-submuricate, tubercles small and obliquely di-

rected, punctures very small at tip of the tubercles, each giving

origin to a very short, stout seta; there is distinct evidence of a

lineal arrangement when viewed longitudinally.

Undersurface of the body somewhat shining, densely and more

or less rugoso-punctate. Abdominal segments differ in length in the

sexes. Legs moderate in stoutness, somewhat relatively long, espe-

cially the middle and posterior; metatarsi about five-tenths of their

length shorter than their metatibia.

Male. Narrower and subovate. Pronotum subquadrate, about a

fourth wider than long. Elytra widest at middle. Abdomen hori-

zontal, moderately convex, rather broadly impressed in middle third

of first two segments; third and fourth segments subequal, fifth as

long as the combined length of third and fourth; second a little

longer than the postcoxal part of the first. Protibial spurs very

unequal in size, the anterior or inner rather stout, gradually nar-

rowed to apex and about twice as long as the posterior.

Female. Ovate and robust. Pronotum transverse, about a third

wider than long; elytra more inflated. Abdomen rather strongly

convex; third segment quite equal in length to the fifth and twice

as long as the fourth, second equal to the postcoxal part of the first.

Anterior protibial spurs unusually short and broad, in the holotype

about as wide as long, the posterior short.

Measurements: (Types) Length 14-16 mm.; width 6-7.5 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 2956, and allotype, male, No. 2957,

in the author’s collection, Museum of the California Academy

of Sciences. Collected by Prof. Vasco M. Tanner and Anson

Call, Jr. I take pleasure in dedicating the species to Professor

Tanner, who possesses two paratypes.

Type locality: Holotype and allotype were collected at Elk

Ridge, Bears Ears, San Juan County, Utah. Two paratypes

in Professor Tanner’s collection were taken on Mount Tuk-

uhnikivats, La Sal Mountains, San Juan County, Utah. Other

specimens from Blanding, San Juan County, and Moab, Grand

County, Utah. Twelve specimens are in Professor Tanner’s

collection.

Tanner i belongs to the subgenus Melaneleodes and to the

Quadricollis Section, as indicated by the very stout anterior

protibial spurs of the female and should precede rileyi Casey

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

in our lists. Rileyi is robust and much shorter than either

quadricollis Esch. or humeralis Lee. ; the anterior protibial

spurs of the female are unusually long, parallel and moderate-

arcuate. In tanneri the anterior protibial spurs of the female

are broad and about as wide as long; this extreme form may

be due to wear, both anterior spurs are exactly alike. The

elytral sculpturing in rileyi is quite smooth, while the elytra in

tanneri are moderately roughly sculptured.

Eleodes strumosa Blaisdell, n. sp.

Form ovate, somewhat robust, about twice as long as wide.

Color black, fifth abdominal segment more or less rufous in the

types ; surface alutaceous with luster distinctly dull. Pubes-

cence nearly recumbent, very inconspicuous and setigerous in

character.

Head about as long as wide, equal in width to the pronotal apex,

canthi not more prominent than the eyes, the latter moderately con-

vex; sides convergent anteriorly, evenly arcuate over the antennal

insertions, slightly emarginate at the oblique sutures, thence straight

to the well rounded epistomal angles; epistoma broadly and arcu-

ately sinuate at apex; frons very slightly convex, broadly and feebly

impressed along the position of the frontal suture as well as within

the supra-antennal convexities, sutures obsolete; densely and rather

coarsely punctate, punctures much smaller and denser in the occipital

region, a small impunctate area at middle near the vertex. Labrum

transverse, apex and sides arcuate, the former with a small quadrate

emargination at middle; densely punctate, punctures finer and sparser

toward base, each with a rigid, rather long and anteriorly directed

seta. Antennae slender, not incrassate, extending beyond the pro-

notal base; second joint slightly longer than wide, third elongate

and about one-sixth of its length shorter than the combined lengths

of joints four and five; fourth and fifth equal in length, each a little

longer than the sixth; joints six to nine inclusive quite equal in

length, eighth subtriangular, ninth triangulo-oval, tenth circular to

slightly oval; eleventh ovate, a little longer than wide and obliquely

truncate at apex.

Pronotum about one-fourth to one-third wider than long; apex

broadly and slightly sinuate in feeble circular arc, angles well rounded

and not in the least prominent anteriorly; sides rather strongly and

nearly evenly arcuate from apex to base, being slightly less arcuate

near base, marginal bead very fine to almost obsolete; base sub-

truncate in feeble circular arc, one-sixth wider than the apex, angles

obtuse-angular; disk evenly and strongly convex, densely and coarsely

punctate, punctures somewhat pit-like, each with a rigid recumbent

black seta.

October, 1931] blaisdell — new eleodes

Elytra about one-fourth longer than wide, base transverse and

scarcely wider than the pronotal base; humeri broadly rounded, con-

tinuously so with the moderately strongly arcuate sides, apex broadly

rounded when viewed from above, but somewhat ogival when seen

obliquely from behind; disk strongly convex, slightly less so in the

central area, arcuately and very abruptly declivous apically; densely

and evenly punctate, punctures coarse, the surface immediately adja-

cent to them anteriorly, slightly raised, smooth and shining; each

puncture with a recumbent inconspicuous black seta. Scutellum

small and triangular.

Undersurface of the body densely punctate, propleurae tubercu-

lose, tubercles small, round and polished; prosternum punctato-

tuberculate. Abdomen more or less rugose; fifth segment more or

less rufous. Legs of moderate length and rather slender; tarsi

slender, the metatarsi about three-fifths as long as their tibia. Tibial

spurs small in both sexes.

Male. Narrower, relatively less robust and longer. Abdomen

noticeably oblique to the sterna, less than moderately convex, broadly

and rather strongly impressed in middle third of first three segments.

Protibial spurs moderately small, the anterior about a third longer

than the posterior. First joint of the protarsi densely clothed beneath

with golden pubescence; second joint with a small cylindrical tuft

at tip beneath blocking the plantar groove. First joint of the meso-

tarsi with a similar small and prominent tuft at apex beneath, also

blocking the plantar groove. Fifth abdominal segment equal in

length to the third and fourth taken together; second equal to the

postcoxal part of the first; third slightly shorter than the second,

fourth not quite as long as the third.

Female. Moderately robust. Abdomen strongly convex and

horizontal; second segment equal to the postcoxal part of the first;

fifth about one-seventh longer than the second and twice as long as

the fourth; third one-third longer than the fourth. Tarsi without

pubescent tufts beneath, plantar grooves entire between the tufts of

apical spinules.

Measurements: (Types) Length 12-13 mm.; width 5.5-7 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 2958, and allotype, male, No. 2959,

in the author’s collection, Museum of the California Academy

of Sciences. Collected by Prof. Vasco M. Tanner, who pos-

sesses three paratypes.

Type locality: Holotype is from the Deep Creek Moun-

tains, Tooele County, Utah, and the allotype is from Lehman

Cave, Mount Wheeler, White Pine County, Nevada. The three

paratypes are from the Deep Creek Mountains, Tooele County,

Utah. Four other specimens in Professor Tanner’s collection

are from the same region as the paratypes. Mount Wheeler,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Nevada, is approximately seventy-five miles southwest of the

Deep Creek Mountains.

Strumosa belongs to the subgenus Blapylis and should pre-

cede caseyi Blais, in our lists, from which it differs by its

strongly convex pronotum and elytra, in this character resem-

bling neotomce Blais. In caseyi the pronotal sides are feebly

sinuate in basal eighth and not noticeably constricted, and

besides the pubescence is more conspicuous, its facies is some-

what Amphidora- like, and its color and pubescence reminds

one of Stenotrichus Lee. In strumosa the pronotal sides are

arcuate from apex to base. From other related species it differs

by its even and equal subasperate and rather weak sculpturing.

Change of names :

Eleodes paradoxa n. n. This new specific name is pro-

posed to take the place of montanus Blais., which is preoccupied

for a Mexican species. Eleodes patulicollis n. n. for dilati-

collis Blais., a name that has been used by Champion for a

Mexican species, and therefore is preoccupied.

Note on Pacific Coast Sph^eridiin^e

In addition to the species listed from the Pacific Coast by

Blackwelder (Pan-Pac. Ent., VIII, 1931, pp. 19-32), I have

in my collection from Washington Sphceridium bipust'ulatum F.

(Seattle, 1928) and Cryptopleurum minutum F. (Seattle and

Vashon Island).

Washington localities may likewise be cited for the follow-

ing species, extending their ranges as indicated by Mr. Black-

welder’s paper: Sphceridium scarabceoides L. (Chehalis, 1913;:

Seattle, 1914; Chewelah, Blue Mountains, and Lake McElroy,

M. C. Lane). Cercyon marinus Thomson (Sprague, M. C.

Lane), C. lateralis Marsh. (Seattle), C. hcemorrhoidalis F.

(Seattle), C. pygmeeus 111. (Evans Creek, King County),

(Vashon Island), C. opacellus Fall (Seattle), Megasternum

posticatum Mann. (Chehalis, Loveland, Vashon Island). Also

I have C. quisquilius L. from Terrace, B. C., collected by Mrs.

W. W. Hippisley and received through Mr. Frost. — Melville

H. Hatch.

October, 1931] knight — new macrotylus

TWO NEW SPECIES OF MACROTYLUS FIEBER

FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

(Hemiptera, Miridae)*

BY HARRY H. KNIGHT

Ames, Iowa

Macrotylus polymonii Knight, n. sp.

Allied to multipunctatus Van D. but nearly black in color,

antennal segments longer and tylus more vertical ; pronotum,

clavus, and corium with white ground color, each black bristle-

like hair set in a round black spot, the spots largely coalescing

and giving the impression that the dorsum is half black.

Male. Length 4.2 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .69 mm.,

vertex .39 mm.; black, bucculae and geminate mark on base of vertex

and collum, white; frons tumidly convex, tylus strongly vertical.

Rostrum: length 1.34 mm., reaching upon middle of hind coxae.

Antennae: segment I, length .39 mm., black, tip white; II, 1.16 mm.,

black, narrow base and tip white; III, .86 mm.; IV, .36 mm. Pro-

notum: length 1.03 mm., width at base 1.17 mm.

Clothed with short, black, bristle-like hairs; color black, dorsum

with white ground color and marked with coalescing' black spots as

described above; mesoscutum with yellowish white spot each side,

calli black. Cuneus black, base, narrow membrane margin and apex

white. Membrane black, veins opaque white, a small clear spot

bordering apex of cuneus, also a rounded pale spot beyond, near

membrane margin. Legs black, tips of femora becoming pale.

Female. Length 4.3 mm.; width 1.8 mm. Head: width .69 mm.,

vertex .43 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .41 mm.; II, 1.12 mm.;

Ill, .84 mm.; IV, .34 mm. Slightly more robust but very similar to

the male in form and coloration.

Holotype: Male, August 14, 1931, altitude 10,000 feet,

Mount Rainier, Washington (H. H. Knight). Allotype: same

data as the type. Paratypes: 26 S 2 , taken with the types on

Polymonium humile R. & S., as determined by Dr. J. T.

Howell. Mr. C. W. Getzendaner took the first specimens and

called my attention to this interesting species. By careful

searching we were able to hand-pick specimens from the host

plant ; I also observed a few cast nymphal skins sticking to

leaves of the host. Paratypes will be deposited in collection

* Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa

State College, Ames, Iowa.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

of California Academy of Sciences and in the United States

National Museum collection.

Macrotylus vanduzeei Knight, n. sp.

Distinguished from allied species by the truncated and

slightly enlarged tips of the erect black bristles on dorsum;

corium, except apex and the outer half of clavus, orange-

colored.

Male. Length 5.1 mm., width 1.8 mm. Head: width .78 mm.,

vertex .38 mm., strongly elongated; black, spot on vertex and median

line of frons pale, also more or less pale on bucculae, lora, and juga.

Rostrum, length 2.5 mm., reaching upon middle of venter. Antennae:

segment I, length .32 mm.; II, 1.51 mm.; Ill, .91 mm.; IV, .36 mm.;

black, clothed with black pubescence. Pronotum: length .71 mm.,

width at base 1.47 mm.; black, basal half and anteriorly along

lateral margins pale.

Dorsum clothed with erect black bristles, the tip of each bristle

truncate and slightly enlarged. Scutellum and mesoscutum black;

hemelytra orange-colored, embolium, apex of corium and of clavus,

blackish; inner margin of clavus bordering apex of scutellum, anal

ridge, and cuneus pale to whitish; membrane black, veins and spot

at tip of cuneus pale, also somewhat paler on middle of membrane

bordering cubitus. Ventral surface black, distal margins of ventral

segments pale. Legs black, dorsal line on tibiae and somewhat on

middle of femora, pale.

Female. Length 4.6 mm., width 1.8 mm. Head: width .79 mm.,

vertex .41 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .30 mm.; II, 1.51 mm.;

Ill, .82 mm.; IV, .34 mm. Pronotum: length .67 mm., width at base

1.4 mm. Slightly more robust than the male but very similar in

form and coloration.

Holotype: Male, May 29, 1930, San Susana, Ventura

County, California, “collected on sage” (Calif. Dept. Agr. No.

30405-10) ; No. 3598 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Allotype: taken

with the type; No. 3599, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Paratyp.es:

$ , taken with the types ; author’s collection. $ $ , Los Angeles

County, California (Coquillett) ; U. S. National Museum col-

lection. Named in honor of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, to whom

the writer is indebted for the opportunity of doing considerable

work on the Miridse in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences.

October, 1931]

FALL BUPRESTIDAE

FOUR NEW BUPRESTIDAE FROM ARIZONA

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

Acmaeodera lineipicta Fall, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, subdepressed, black bronzed; prothorax

with lateral marginal yellow spot, elytra with discal and lateral

yellow vittae, the former occupying intervals 3-5 in anterior half or

more, but becoming narrower toward the apex; the lateral vitta

occupying the outer three intervals, the marginal interval with some

black maculation posteriorly. Vestiture above of very fine erect

blackish hairs mixed with some of paler tint on the pronotum, espe-

cially toward the sides; beneath with rather sparse whitish pubes-

cence.

Head densely punctate, a moderate median impression.

Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, sides arcuately narrowed

from base to apex, base not wider than that of the elytra; surface

with moderately coarse punctures, which are close but not in con-

tact on the disk, denser at sides.

Elytra narrowed from base to apex; striae closely punctate, feebly

impressed toward the suture, more distinctly so laterally; interspaces

with a row of finer punctures.

Prosternum feebly trisinuate in front; abdomen sparsely punc-

tured; apical ventral plate small, thin, evenly rounded.

Length (type) 8.7 mm.; width 3 mm.

Described from two examples, sex unknown, sent me by

Mr. D. K. Duncan, who took them at San Carlos Lake near

Globe, Arizona.

In form and structure nearly identical throughout with

hepburni, of which it may prove to be a color variant or local

race. As it comes from quite outside the known range of hep-

burni and no intermediates have been seen, it may, for the

present at least, be given specific standing.

Type in my own collection; paratype returned to Mr.

Duncan.

Acmaeodera carlota Fall, n. sp.

Subcylindrical, moderately convex; piceous, head, thorax and

body beneath more or less feebly bronzed; elytra with very irregular

dull yellow markings which generally predominate over the dark

areas; body above with fine erect brown or fuscous hairs, beneath

sparsely clothed with cinereous hairs.

Head convex, a feeble median impression and a short vertical

carina; fifth antennal joint abruptly broader than the fourth.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Prothorax unicolorous, not quite twice as wide as long, widest

at middle, base and apex subequal, sides subevenly arcuate, side

margins distinct only in front; surface punctures very coarse, shallow

and polygonally crowded; median impression feeble, lateral im-

pressions reduced to basal foveae.

Elytra at base barely equal in width to the thorax, gradually

narrowed posteriorly; striae lightly impressed, coarsely punctate,

intervals except the ninth narrower than the striae, each with a row

of fine punctures.

Ventral segments coarsely closely punctate, the last segment

without trace of apical plate.

Length 5.75 to 6.8 mm.; width 1.75 to 2.2 mm.

Described from three examples taken on cactus blooms in

April at Wheatfields near Globe, Arizona, by Mr. D. K. Dun-

can, to whom I am indebted for the short series before me.

Type in my collection.

This small species belongs to the “Truncatse” group of the

genus, and in my table (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1899, p. 28)

runs to cribricollis. I have, however, already pointed out (Can.

Ent., 1907, p. 241) that cribricollis was misplaced in the table

and should go under “ 9 ” with insignis and gemina with which

it agrees in having the antennas gradually broader from the

third joint.

Agrilus nodicornis Fall, n. sp.

Form rather slender and parallel. Head and thorax black, the

former with obscure greenish luster; elytra black with dull blue-

green luster along the suture, becoming purplish toward the sides

posteriorly, a coppery stripe occupying the outer half or more of the

elytra and extending from the base to behind the middle where it

gradually blends with the purple tint at that point; beneath black,

the metasternum and abdomen dark blue green. Pubescence silvery

white, generally sparse and inconspicuous.

Head shallowly concave, the medial impression a little deeper on

the vertex; surface punctate and moderately pubescent. Antennae

rather short, black, basal six joints with brassy-green luster; joints

1-3 elongate, 4 about as wide as long, its outer angle not produced,

5 and 6 swollen and compactly joined, 7-11 feebly serriform, the

individual joints transversely subquadrate.

Prothorax slightly wider than long, subinflated anteriorly, sides

parallel and broadly arcuate, sinuate posteriorly before the rect-

angular hind angles; front margin prominently rounded at middle,

hind margin bisinuate and with shallow emargination before the scu-

tellum; disk convex without median channel, surface moderately

October, 1931]

FALL BUPRESTIDAE

shining and sparsely pubescent, coarsely strigose, and with sparse,

fine punctures; hind angles carinate; lateral marginal line sinuate as

viewed from the side.

Elytra at base perceptibly narrower than the thorax, at apical

third subequal in width to the latter; sides with the usual post-

humeral sinuation; disk neither sulcate or carinate and without trace

of pubescent spots, the sculpture of the usual imbricate type; apices

serrulate, subacute at the sutural angles, which, however, are not

produced. Scutellum feebly convex at middle but not really carinate.

Pygidium without carina. Prosternal lobe feebly sinuate; inter-

coxal process subparallel behind the coxae, the free visible apex

widely emarginato-truncate. Abdomen moderately punctate and

transversely rugulose, shining, apex of last ventral broadly rounded;

tooth of tarsal claws only slightly turned inward.

Length 6.2; width 1.4 mm.

The type above described is a male, having the prosternum

rather densely pubescent and the first and second ventral seg-

ments with a pubescent groove which does not reach the second

ventral suture; the tibiae are without perceptible apical spur or

mucro.

Described from a single example sent me by Mr. D. K.

Duncan. It bears label “Tucson, Arizona, July 2, 1924; A. A.

Nichol.”

In coloration and antennal formation this species is quite

unlike anything hitherto known from our fauna. I am assum-

ing the latter peculiarity to be normal, as it would seem to be

since the two antennae are identical in form, but if further

examples should prove the structure to be a malformation the

species would still have to take a position next to muticus,

according to Mr. Fisher’s table.

Melanophila arcuata n. sp.

Rather broadly oblong oval, subdepressed; black, head and body

beneath with distinct aeneous luster, pronotum with faint traces of

the same, elytra not visibly aeneous; upper surface with very sparse,

short and inconspicuous pale hairs, integuments moderately shining.

Head densely punctate, front with a short fine median carina

between two smoother, raised callus-like spots; occiput with a fine

median impressed line.

Prothorax about three-fifths as long as wide, widest at middle,

sides as seen from above nearly evenly arcuate, the base very little

wider than the apex; hind angles sharply defined and slightly obtuse;

surface densely punctate without any well-defined median transverse

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

strigosity, disk with an impression each side at about the middle of

the length, lateral marginal line obsolete for a short distance in front.

Elytra oval, width five-eighths as great as the sutural length, base

slightly wider than the base of the thorax, sides arcuate through-

out, apices rounded and finely serrate. Punctures close, moderately

coarse, becoming subgranulose at base and with a tendency toward

an arrangement in transverse lines; each elytron with two broad ill-

defined discal impressions and three obtuse subcostiform lines, of

which the one nearest the suture is longest but not reaching either

base or apex.

Prosternum broadly feebly emarginate in front, the intercoxal

process suddenly narrowed at tip; surface very densely punctate and

with erect cinereous hairs; metasternum and abdomen more sparsely

punctate.

Length 9.6 mm.; width 4.25 mm.

Arizona: Grand Canyon of the Colorado (north rim),

August 18, 1929. A single example of uncertain sex collected

by Miss Edith Mank of Lawrence, Massachusetts, who kindly

permits me to retain the type.

This species is probably closest to drummondi, but lacks

the strigosity of the pronotal surface characteristic of that spe-

cies, and the sides of the thorax are more evenly arcuate and

more narrowed behind.

S corpionidea From Washington

The author has in her collection seven specimens of Vaejovis

boreus (Girard) collected by Mrs. Rose C. Movius on May 1,

1931, at Selah (Yakima County), Washington. This record is

of interest since Ewing (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 73 (9), 1928,

p. 12) records this species from Idaho and Oregon to North

Dakota, Nebraska and Arizona, but makes no mention of

Washington specimens. Furthermore, it is the first species of

the order Scorpionidea to be recorded from the state. — Harriet

Exline, University of Washington.

October, 1931]

BALL NEW PHLEPSIUS

NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS WITH NOTES

ON OTHERS

(Homoptera Cicadellidae)

BY E. D. BALL

University of Arizona, Tucson

One hundred species of North American Phlepsids have

been described to date. Of this number, eighty-two appear to

be distinct and five or six are worthy of varietal rank. The

writer has previously discussed the synonomy in the broader-

headed groups, and in the present paper the forms with nar-

rower heads are similarly treated.

Phlepsius ( Iowanus ) spatulatus V. D. is common and widely

distributed in the Southwest, and is quite variable in the size

and length of the spines that form the margin of the central

notch of the female segment. P. cinerosus O. & L. from New

Mexico appears to be a small example of this species with the

spines almost wanting. The desert forms are usually smaller

and paler than those from the mountains or plains. P. sabinus

S. & DeL., on the other hand, is apparently the dark mountain

form with the spines rather long and the notch reduced. The

writer has found this the common form in Sabino Canyon.

Phlepsius ( Texananus ) neomexiccmus Bak. is another com-

mon form in the Southwest, and is somewhat variable in its

genital characters in both sexes. P. incurvatus O. & L., as

shown on their Plate 33, seems to be the typical form of this

species, while their figures of neomexicanus on the same plate

are of an extreme variation, especially in the length of the male

pygofers. In the same way their figure of excultus on page 339

is much more nearly typical than the one on Plate 23.

Phlepsius (Texananus) oregonus Ball, n. sp.

Resembling superbus, slightly narrower, paler, with a pointed

vertex and male pygofers covered by the plates. Length 6-7 mm.

Vertex longer and more definitely pointed than in superbus or

mexicanus, nearly twice as long on middle as against the eye. An-

terior margin thick, but not rounding over to the front. Front

straight in profile, relatively narrow for the group. Color brown,

slightly paler than in superbus, with a darker face, but not as dark as

in that species. The light areas of the elytra broken up in fine, milky

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

or ivory points that are conspicuously arranged in rows along the

costa and claval suture and sometimes along the veins. Female seg-

ment half longer than the preceding, narrowing posteriorly, the

margin broadly roundingly excavated halfway to the base. Male

valve short, obtusely rounding, one-half the width of the plates.

Plates together as wide as the last segment, semicircular in outline,

and clothed with stiff spines on the margin. Pygofers not visible or

only as a small, dark point under the plates.

Holotype $ , allotype $ and four paratypes, Medford, Ore-

gon, August 14; one paratype, Wenatchee, Washington, August

18; one, Santa Margarita, California, August 6; four, Pasa-

dena, California, in June; and two, Ti Juana, Mexico, in June,

all collected by the writer. 1

Van Duzee described superbus from North Carolina and

Arizona and correctly figured and described the deep, narrow

emargination of the female segment, the pointed valve, sub-

quadrangular plates, and long pygofers of the male which will

at once distinguish it from the above species. The writer has

collected superbus commonly in Florida and southeastern Ari-

zona and has material from Mississippi and Texas, while all

the material examined from California and the Northwest

belongs to oregonus.

Phlepsius ( Texcmanus ) graphicus Ball is quite variable in

the depth and width of the median excavation on the female

segment and the size and shape of the adjoining projections.

P. marmor S. & DeL. appears to be founded on a normal vari-

ation in the species.

Phlepsius annulatus O. & L. (Preoc), = lathropi Baker,

is another species with a similar pattern which will need to be

studied when more material is available. California examples

are smaller than graphicus with a longer vertex and a bilobate

marking on the commissure, but vary toward that species in

genitalia.

Phlepsius (Texananus) cumulatus Ball is a similar but more

definitely reddish species with a distinct but also variable female

segment. P. notatipes O. & L. represents a common variation

in the segment. Var. arctostaphylce Ball a smaller, darker form

that is probably a distinct species was omitted entirely by

Osborn and Lathrop.

l Types of all species in the author’s collection unless otherwise

stated.

October, 1931]

BALL NEW PHLEPSIUS

Phlepsius (Texananus) ovatus V. D. was limited by Osborn

and Lathrop to the southern plains and Oregon. It is extremely

common and widely distributed. Examples are at hand from

North Dakota to Oregon and every state south to southern

Mexico. P. delicatus O. & L. was founded on a California

example.

Phlepsius (Dixianus) denudatus carpolus Ball, n. var.

Resembling denudatus in form and structure. Vertex inclined to

be shorter and wider. Length 4.5 to 5 mm. Vertex with four black

dots in a row before the base, pronotum with irregular spots behind

the eyes, scutellum with two large black spots in the angles and two

dots on disk. Elytra with three equidistant oblique bands following

the angle of the scutellar margin and emphasized by darkening of

the reticulations and pale, tawny shading.

Holotype $ , allotype $ , and six paratypes taken by the

writer at Sacaton, Arizona, May 6, 1931. This form is so

highly ornamented that it would not ordinarily be recognized

as the drab species of which it appears to be a variety.

Phlepsius (Dixianus) attr actus Ball. Three years of steady

collecting in Florida brought together sufficient material to

establish the fact that attractus Ball and floridanus Ball were

founded on extreme variations in head characters of a single

variable species, which should be known as attractus. P. gran-

eticus O. & L. from New Hampshire is another synonym of

this protean form.

Phlepsius (Dixianus) nevadus Ball, n. sp.

Resembling loculatus and Aligia amcena Van D. (which

belongs in this group) but larger, with broader vertex and

longer elytra. Pale with a pair of spider-like marks on vertex

and an elongate “saddle.” Length 4.2 mm.

Vertex broadly rounding, scarcely longer on middle than against

the eye; shorter than in loculatus; the margin rounding over to the

front. Pronotum one-third longer than the vertex, two-thirds of its

length within the curve of the eyes. Elytra long and slender. The

venation and inscribed areas similar to loculatus.

Color: white, inscribed with fuscous and black. Vertex with four

small dots on the anterior margin, two large irregular black spots

behind these as in stellaris, these spots with about five crooked radi-

ating lines each, two pairs extending to dots on the lateral margins

and another pair sometimes reaching two larger basal dashes. Pro-

notum irregularly inscribed omitting a broad lateral margin, the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

markings arranged in irregular dots along the anterior margin. Scu-

tellum creamy with black triangles inside the basal angles and a small

orange shield on the disk. Elytra milky, the corium washed with

tawny. The nervures and a series of irregularly distributed vermicu-

late lines fuscous. These lines in the more sparsely distributed areas

mainly at right angles to the nervures. Face pale, an irregular dark

band below the eyes, above this heavily inscribed; below creamy

with few spots. Legs white with large black spots, below pale.

Holotype $ and allotype $ , Mesquite, Nevada, October 25,

1930.

Phlepsius (Dixianus) lycioides Ball, n. sp.

Resembling loculatus in form, but with a broader, shorter

head. Head, creamy to orange red, almost unmarked. Pro-

notum dark. Length 3 mm.

Vertex broader and shorter than in condalianus, front broader

than in that species and more inclined, giving the apex of the vertex

a slightly conical appearance. Elytra as in loculatus, venation similar

with even less reticulations.

Color: pale ivory faintly inscribed, with a red head and a dark

brown pronotum in sharp contrast. Vertex and face creamy with

the apical portion of head orange-red, unmarked except in the

darkest examples where there is a little brown on the anterior disk

and a pair of lines running back to the basal dark dashes. Pronotum

heavily inscribed or even washed with dark brown. Scutellum

creamy, the basal angles black. Elytra ivory, sparsely but fairly uni-

formly inscribed with dark. Legs and below dark, the genitalia often

light.

Holotype 2 , Tucson, Arizona, July 24, 1930. Allotype S ,

June 2, 1930, and twelve paratypes taken by the writer from

the same location as the types from March 3-29 to September

20, 1930.

The red head and dark pronotum render this a striking little

species.

Var. mohavensis Ball, n. var.

Size and form of lycioides or slightly larger. Color: female with

the elytra creamy white and the black markings on pronotum re-

duced in width and intensity; vertex creamy, an ivory spot bearing

two brown dots on apex, this spot set off by a brown semicircle;

black spots on base of vertex and scutellum large. Male with traces

of reticulations on elytra and the semicircle on vertex larger.

Holotype $ , allotype $ , and six paratypes taken by the

writer on the Mojave Desert, July 1, 1931.

October, 1931]

BALL NEW PHLEPSIUS

Phlepsius (Dixianus) condalianus Ball, n. sp.

Resembling nevadus but shorter and darker, with a broad

white band back of the scutellum. Length 3.5 to 4 mm.

Vertex shorter and broader than in loculatus, slightly more angled

than in nevadus, not as long as its basal width, rounding over to the

retreating front. Front relatively broader and shorter than in utah-

anus or nevadus, convex in profile. Elytra shorter than in nevadus,

about like those in loculatus with similar venation.

Color: dark with a broad white sub-basal band on elytra; vertex

dark brown or black with a narrow ivory margin surrounding the

quadrangular dark area; two dots on each lateral margin often at-

tached to the dark area by a line, the apex bearing an ivory semi-

circle with two dark dots; base with two black dashes; pronotum

heavily irrorate with fuscous; scutellum ivory with black spots on

the basal angles; two dots on disk and two dashes at the apex; elytra

heavily dotted and inscribed with fuscous, omitting a broad band

back of the scutellum, and a pale area on the costal margin halfway

to the apex; face creamy with an inscribed band below the eyes, a

few irregular lines on the front above, and six or seven spots on the

face below; legs heavily marked with dark.

Holotype 2 , allotype $ , Tucson, Arizona, May 10, 1930,

and ten paratypes from Tucson, all taken by the writer from

late in March to July.

Var. ursinus Ball, n. var.

Size and form of condalianus nearly but uniformly dark

without trace of the white band or costal area. The vertex is

less heavily irrorate, but the white margin has almost dis-

appeared. The face is heavily inscribed above.

Holotype 2 , Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, July 17,

1930. Allotype $ from the same place September 19, 1930, and

two paratypes, Tucson, Arizona, March 22, 1931. All taken

by the writer. This variety superficially resembles utahanus,

but is much smaller with a broader, rounding head.

Complete Your File

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist suggests that subscribers

who have not completed their files do so at once while all the

back issues are available. Price, fifty cents per copy; two

dollars per volume.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

A Weevil New to Oregon

Cryptorhynchus lapafhi L. was introduced into New York

in willow stock about 1882 and has become a serious pest on

willows and poplars. It is also known as a pest of birch and

alder. Since the weevil does not fly, it is distributed largely in

infested nursery stock.

After the introduction into New York and New Jersey, it

was reported in Ohio in 1901, Wisconsin 1903, North Dakota

1904, Maine 1907, Illinois 1908, and it is also found in Michi-

gan. These data are from Matheson’s excellent article on the

species,* wherein he states that it has not been found west of

the Great Plains. Additional localities recorded since 1917 are

South Dakota, Nebraska and Florida, but I am unable to find

any record of its occurrence farther West.

Infested specimens of willow collected near Portland, Ore-

gon, showed damage by typical weevil larvae, and a small

series of Crypt'orhynchus lapathi were reared out in June 1931.

— W. J. Chamberlin, Oregon State College.

The Gunn Memorial Collection

Mrs. Joseph Gunn has very generously furnished a case

and boxes for the proper display of the Norman R. Gunn col-

lection of butterflies she recently presented to the California

Academy of Sciences. This memorial collection will include

a representative of most of the species ordinarily found along

the Pacific Coast. It will be placed in the office of the depart-

ment of entomology for the use of beginners in the study of

our insects.

* 1917, Matheson, R. The Poplar and Willow Borer, Cornell Univ. Ag.

Exp. Sta., Bull. 388.

October, 1931]

MARTIN TELEGEUSIS

A NEW TELEGEUSIS FROM ARIZONA

(Coleoptera)

BY J. 0. MARTIN

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

The genus Telegeusis was described by Dr. George H. Horn

in 1895 1 from material collected by an expedition of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences to the Cape Region of Baja

California in 1894. The type of this interesting beetle still

remains in the Academy’s type collection, one of the survivors

of the earthquake and fire of 1906. Its facies and characters

incline one to place it in the Cantharidse ; but Leng in his Cata-

logue of the Coleoptera of America, for reasons not very clearly

stated, made a monospecific family of this genus and placed

it in his Lymexyloidea under the family name Telegeusidse in

association with another like family, the Micromalthidae, the

peculiar life history of which was described by H. S. Barber

in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,

Vol. XXVI, 1913, pp. 185-190. Nothing is known of the early

stages of Telegeusis. Horn thought his genus most closely

related to Drilus, which seems very unlikely.

In an arrangement of the Malthini in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences, two specimens of a Tele-

geusis came to light in a miscellaneous lot of the above group.

These specimens, while very close to debilis Horn, exhibit

characters which seem to indicate a new species. These two

specimens and Horn’s type of debilis show no external evi-

dences of sex, and in a series of over forty specimens of Micror

malthus there are no apparent sexual differences, so it seems

unlikely that these characters are sexual.

Telegeusis nubifer Martin, n. sp.

Elongate, slender, resembling a Malthinus, soiled honey

yellow, variously clouded with black, moderately clothed with

cinereous depressed hairs.

Head, soiled honey yellow, sparsely but distinctly punctate, more

closely at the sides behind the eyes, weakly shining, antennae as in

debilis but stouter and somewhat shorter, terminal joint gradually

darker, the spatulate joints of palpi black. Thorax honey yellow,

broadly margined on front and sides, the margin less evident behind,

l Proe. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Vol. V, p. 242, 1895.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

punctation less evident than that of the head, more evident on the

disk and in the basal angles. Elytra, shorter than half the abdomen,

reaching to posterior coxae only, smooth and punctate at basal half,

strongly rugose and finely punctate on sides and apical half, soiled

honey yellow at base, growing darker to black at apex. Dorsal seg-

ments of abdomen strongly clouded with black, moderately, closely

punctate. Sternum and legs, soiled honey yellow, finely closely

punctate, tarsi darker; abdominal segments beneath strongly clouded

with black and moderately punctate, the terminal segment lighter.

The above species differs from debilis Horn in the short-

ness of the elytra which in debilis extend to the base of the

third abdominal segment; in having thicker and shorter an-

tennal joints, in being more evidently punctate, and in having

coarser and longer hairs, especially on the abdomen.

Two specimens are at hand, the type, No. 2467, in the col-

lection of the California Academy of Sciences, from the San

Pedro River near Fairbanks, Arizona, J. A. Kusche collector,

and a paratype from Sabino Basin near Tucson, Arizona, col-

lector not known. Both of the above are in the Van Dyke

collection. The paratype is less clouded with black, but other-

wise agrees with the type.

Editorial Note

The moving of the Department of Entomology to the new

east wing of the California Academy of Sciences proved to be

more of an undertaking than was expected, with the result

that the appearance of this number of the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist has been sadly delayed. Even now the department

is not fully settled in its new quarters. There is shelving to

be built so the books and boxes can be taken off the tables and

floors, but matters have progressed so far that the ordinary

work of the department can go on as usual. Local and visiting

entomologists are cordially invited to make use of the facilities

for study offered by the new rooms as they did of the old.

These new rooms are on the second floor of the east wing,

and can be reached by stairs or the automatic passenger elevator

to the left of the entrance vestibule. A fuller account of the

new home of the entomological department will be included

in the January number of this Journal, which it is hoped will

soon follow this. — E. P. Van Duzee.

October, 1931] van duzee — new heteroptera

FOUR NEW NEOTROPICAL HETEROPTERA

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

California Academy of Sciences

The four species described below have long been in manu-

script in my collection or in that of the Academy. They are

published now so their names can be used elsewhere.

Family Pentatomidae

Mormidea (Melanochila) purpurescens Van Duzee, n. sp.

Allied to montandoni Kirkaldy, and like that species inter-

mediate between typical Mormidea and Melanochila; deep

purple-black with a conspicuous transverse pale calloused line

on the pronotum. Length 8 mm.

Apex of head depressed, tylus longer than cheeks; second an-

tennal segment slightly shorter than third. Anterior angles of pro-

notum tuberculate, lateral angles triangularly produced but unarmed;

surface above coarsely, closely, and in part rugosely punctate.

Color deep purple-black above, pale beneath; lateral margins of

the head, latero-anterior margins of pronotum, a transverse line

behind the callosities that does not quite connect with the pale mar-

gins, a small spot on basal angles of scutellum and base of the costa

pale and in part calloused; connexivum pale, immaculate; beneath

pale testaceous-yellow; pleural areas with distinct large concolorous

punctures; feet coarsely, sparsely dotted with fuscous; antennae

soiled testaceous, apex of III fuscous (apical segments wanting).

Described from the unique type.

Holotype, female, No. 3600, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

at Yunges de la Paz, Bolivia, at 1000 m. This unique female

has been in my collection for many years awaiting the appear-

ance of additional material. The species, however, is so distinct

it would seem perfectly safe to describe it from a single

specimen.

Cholorcoris semulus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Form and aspect entirely of complanatus, smaller with dif-

ferent male genital characters and wanting the black lining on

the humeral angles and margin of the head; clear light green;

legs and margins of body paler; antennae maculate. Length

16 mm. to tip of membrane, greatest width 10 mm.

Head as in complanatus ; sides of cheeks feebly bisinuate, their

obtuse apex slightly exceeding the tylus; surface coarsely punctate

and strongly rugose, these rugae as usual omitting the base, apex,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

and an interantennal band; second antennal segment a little shorter

than III; latero-anterior margin of pronotum thinner than usual in

this genus, the edge irregularly eroded; humeral spines terete,

directed outward and a little upward; one-half as long (from base of

costa) as the distance between the ocelli; pronotum and scutellum

more strikingly rugose and less conspicuously punctate than in com-

planatus, the apex of the scutellum narrower. Rostrum reaching on

to the third ventral segment. Venter strongly sulcate to apex of

segment V. Ventral notch in male genital segment broadly open, not

narrower and deep as in complanatus ; claspers flat beyond their basal

notch, their vestiture sparse and pale, bent in a long triangular sub-

acute dorsal blade, their base next the notch produced outwardly

in a short lingulate tooth; ventral extension of anal tube subacute.

In complanatus the claspers are thick and rounded, densely clothed

with long soft pale hairs, their dorsal blade narrow and acute at apex.

Color clear pale green, the margins of head and incisures of con-

nexivum concolorous. Legs, latero-anterior margins of pronotum,

base of costa and margin of abdomen tinged with fulvous; scutellar

margin of clavus and ulnar nervure of corium marked with a slender

red line; antennae pale, segment I fulvous, II and III with a line

on posterior face and narrow apical annulus black (V wanting).

Holotype, male, No. 3601, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., taken

by Hno. Apolinar-Maria at Espinal, Colombia.

Arocera repleta Van Duzee, n. sp.

Above sanguineous; a spot either side at base of head, a larger

one at basal angles of scutellum, a round dot on disk of corium and

the membrane black. Antennae and rostrum, except basal segment,

legs, large disk of pleurae and apex of venter black; inner genital

plates and a spot at base of the outer pair also red; disk of scutellum

and inner angle of corium slightly infuscated. Cheeks a little longer

than tylus. Inner genital plates broader and the whole insect more

oval in form than in apta. Described from the unique type.

Holotype, female, No. 3602, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., from

the Panama Canal Zone, without other data.

Family Nabidse

Pagasa luctuosa Van Duzee, n. sp.

Near anescens Stal and running to that species in Reuter’s

key of 1909; differs in having the head entirely piceous and

the coxae and legs uniformly yellow. Length 7 mm.

Head as long as anterior lobe of pronotum; segment II of an-

tennae twice the length of I and the supplementary segment together,

II, III, and IV subequal; rostrum surpassing anterior coxae, seg-

ment II a little longer than III, attaining base of anterior coxae.

October, 1931] van duzee — new heteroptera 95

III very short, about equaling median thickness of anterior coxse.

Pronotum a little wider across the base than long; hind margin

broadly emarginate. Head and pronotum with a few scattering long

erect setae. Apical half of anterior tibiae expanded, basal half con-

cavely arcuate behind, and armed with short close-set black spinules

as is the apical one-half of the inner edge of the anterior femora.

Veins of clavus and radial vein of corium with a row of close-set

punctures bearing a few minute pale hairs; costa as far as the trans-

verse plica smooth and polished for a space as wide as the width of

the scutellar areole of the clavus; germinate discal punctures of the

scutellum deep. Beneath sparsely pale setose.

Holotype, female, No. 3603, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., col-

lected by Mr. Bruce Martin, June 2, 1916, at Amaya Cispata

Bay, Colombia. Paratype, one female, same data.

This species differs from cenescens principally in the black

head, the pale coxse, and in having the apical half only of the

anterior femora spinulose beneath.

Entomology for the Householder

It is not only the farmer who is interested in combating

injurious insects. Everyone who has a flower garden or a

vegetable patch back of his home finds sooner or later that there

are insect depredations to be overcome. It is for the help of

such that Professor Doane has prepared his little book on

“Common Pests.” 1 This book is of convenient size, is beauti-

fully printed on excellent paper, and the 215 illustrations are

unusually good. Altogether it is a most suitable book for

household use. It treats of pests other than insects, such as

spiders and snails, and even mammals and birds. One might

well feel resentful to find among the latter our old friend the

bobolink classed as a “pest.” In western New York its song

meant that summer had come, and perhaps no bird note was

more welcome unless it might be the song of the robin and

bluebird in March. It certainly was entitled to what little rice

it needed while tarrying in the South. However, most of the

pests treated of are insects, and here we are told how to recog- -

nize them and how to control them. Both eastern and western

forms are included, and the book should appeal to all interested

in the out-of-doors. — E. P. Van Duzee.

i Common Pests, by Rennie D. Doane, in the series of Nature Books

published by Charles C. Thomas, 8vo., 384 pages, Springfield, Illinois, 1931.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

AN UNDESCRIBED TINGITID FROM BORNEO

AND STRAITS SETTLEMENT

(Hemiptera)

BY CARL J. DRAKE

Ames, Iowa

Phyllontocheila admiranda, Drake, n. sp.

Allied to P. erosa Fieber, but differing from it in having

the entire costal area greatly clouded with brown or fuscous

and without transverse fasciae; it is also much larger.

Pronotum coarsely pitted, moderately swollen, dark castaneous

or blackish, the triangular process reticulate and brownish; lateral

Carinas very distinct, diverging posteriorly, the median carina becom-

ing indistinct posteriorly. Hood large, somewhat globose, a little

longer than high. Paranota extremely large, greatly clouded with

brown or fuscous. Head blackish, armed with five long, stout, blunt

spines. Antenniferous tubercles very long, spine-like, projecting be-

yond the middle of the first antennal segment. Antennae moderately

long, dark reddish brown; segment I considerably thicker and nearly

two and a half times the length of the second; III slightly more than

twice the length of the fourth.

Elytra very broad, widest at the apex; dark brown or fuscous, a

few of the cells lighter and semi-transparent; subcostal area very

narrow, composed of a single row of areolae; discoidal area broad,

very long, extending beyond the middle of the elytra, composed of

several rows of areolae; subcostal area very broad, widest at the apex,

the areolae moderately large and not arranged in definite rows. Legs

dark reddish brown. Rostrum long, reaching about to the posterior

margin of first venter.

Length 8.04.; width 5.4 mm.

Type, Borneo, in National Natural History Museum, Paris,

France; also paratype, Malacca, Straits Settlement, collection

of G. Fallou. Paratype, Borneo (G. Fallou), in collection of

author.

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

a taxonomic list of genera. By J. Chester Bradley, Professor

of Entomology in Cornell University. Limited edition. Litho-

printed. xvi, 360 pp. Buckram, $6. Pressboard, $5.

Daw, Illston & Co., 526d West Clinton Street,

Ithaca, New York

Publisher’s charges for reprints from the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist :

2 pages; for 100 copies $5.50; for each additional 100, $1.25

4 pages; for 100 copies $7.50; for each additional 100, $2.50

8 pages ; for 100 copies $10.50 ; for each additional 100, $4.00

16 pages; for 100 copies $20.00; for each additional 100, $6.50

These prices will be charged for author’s extras ordered

additional to those furnished free.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS RECENTLY

PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Fall, Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the

Gulf of California in 1921. The Chrysomelidae. 15

cents.

Cole, A Study of the Terminal Abdominal Structures of Male

Diptera. 75 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., A Contribution to our Knowledge of the

North American Conopidae. 1927. 25 cents.

Van Duzee, M. C., New Mycetophylidae Taken in California

and Alaska. 1928. 50 cents.

For Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences address

“California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,

California.”

VoL VIII January-March, 1932

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DUZEE, NEW ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 97

HATCH AND BELLER, CHRYSOMELIDiE OF OREGON 102

LINSLEY, THE LUCANID GENUS DIPHYLLOSTOMA 109

LINSLEY, NORTH AMERICAN OEMINI AND METHIINI 112

GUNDER, A FEW NEW BUTTERFLIES 123

BLACKWELDER, THE GENUS ENDEODES 128

CHAMBERLIN, ON SOME FALSE SCORPIONS OF THE SUPERFAMILY

CHEIRIDIOIDEA 137

San Francisco, California

1932

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

Published quarterly in July, October, January and April by

the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with

the California Academy of Sciences.

Annual subscription $2.00 in advance for the United States

and Canada ; $2.00 for foreign countries. Subscriptions should

be sent to the treasurer, Mr. E. R. Leach, Department of Ento-

mology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif.

Make checks payable to the Pan-Pacific Entomologist.

Manuscripts for publication and communications regarding

non-receipt of numbers, change of address, requests for sample

copies, etc., should be addressed to the editor, Mr. E. P. Van

Duzee, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California. Advertisements will be accepted for

the back cover pages. For rates address the editor or treasurer.

Twenty-five copies of author’s extras will be furnished free

on request. Additional copies will be supplied at cost of publi-

cation if a request is received with the manuscript.

Subscribers failing to receive their numbers will please notify

the editor at as early a date as possible.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, PAN-PACIFIC

ENTOMOLOGIST

E. O. Essig, Chairman

G. F. Ferris R. W. Doane

E. C. Van Dyke Grant Wallace

REGIONAL MEMBERS

Dr. Vasco M. Tanner, Provo, Utah

Mr. Jeane D. Gunder, Pasadena, California

J. C. Chamberlin, Riverside, California

E. P. Van Duzee, Editor

E. C. Van Dyke, Associate Editor

E. R. Leach, Treasurer

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofflce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VIII, No. 3 January, 1932

THE NEW ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, CURATOR

The new rooms of the Department of Entomology are on

the second floor of the recently completed east wing of the

buildings of the California Academy of Sciences. The accom-

panying cuts will give an idea of these new rooms. They

occupy a space 30 feet by 137 feet, or a little more than

4000 square feet of floor space against 864 square feet in the

former room in the west wing. Entrance to the new rooms is

through the office of the department, at the west end. This

office is twenty by thirty feet in size and contains, besides the

desks of the curator, secretary, and of the treasurer of the

Pan-Pacific Entomologist, the type cases, the curator’s

library on Hemiptera, a catalogue case, one for blanks and

records and the Gunn Memorial collection of Lepidoptera for

the use of beginners.

Opening from the office is the large laboratory thirty by

seventy-five feet in size. This laboratory has been divided by

rows of cases into three compartments or alcoves with a

broad path or aisle down the middle. The first of these alcoves

is devoted to the Lepidoptera, the second to the Hemiptera on

one side and a store room for supplies and accumulated

material on the other side, the third alcove contains the Diptera,

Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and the Neuropteroid orders. Be-

yond these at the east end is the Coleoptera room, thirty by

thirty-seven feet in size, with a laboratory desk across one end.

In the larger laboratory each alcove is arranged for a row of

cases along each side and a double row through the center.

Alternating with these rows of cases are study tables three by

nine feet in size with wall plugs for table light connections oppo-

site each table. A skylight over each table gives ample daylight

for all purposes. Books on each order of insects are shelved

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

in the alcove with the insects of that order, the general entomo-

logical books and periodicals are shelved along the aisle in the

middle section, against the store room.

The insect cases used are of two kinds: Twenty-one pine

cases twenty-nine inches wide by six feet four inches high and

fifty-two metal cases three feet five inches wide by three feet

high ; all cases are twenty inches deep. Eleven of the pine cases

have thirty-six three-inch drawers, each just twice the size of

the standard Schmidt box, the other ten cases have forty-two

two and one-half -inch drawers of the same size, making 816

drawers of that size. The metal cases have twenty-four drawers

seventeen by nineteen inches in size, making 1248 of that style,

or 2064 drawers in all. All drawers used for butterflies have

the bottom as well as the top of glass, the specimens being

pinned on quarter-inch cork strips. Drawers for the Odonata,

Orthoptera and the moths have cork-lined or masonite bottoms.

Insects of other orders are kept in “unit” boxes in drawers with

wooden bottoms. The unit boxes used by the Academy are three

by three and one-half inches in size with double units for larger

series and half and quarter units for smaller series. Brief speci-

cations and drawings showing the construction of these metal

covered cases were published in Museum News, Vol. VIII,

No. 3, pp. 11 to 12, June, 1930.

A short sketch of the history of this department may not be

out of place here. In 1862 the Council of the Academy felt

that the work of the Academy could best be carried on under a

departmental arrangement and three such departments were

then established, one of which was Entomology, with Dr.

Herman Behr as curator, a position he held until 1867. Mr.

Richard H. Stretch was curator from 1868 to 1880, when

Dr. Behr again took over the duties, continuing as curator

until his death in 1904, when Dr. E. C. Van Dyke took up the

work and carried it on until the appointment of the present

curator in 1916. In the conflagration of 1906 the entire collec-

tion of the Academy was destroyed save only eight boxes con-

taining the material from Lower California that had been

studied by Dr. Horn, Dr. Uhler, Mr. Fox, Mr. Ashmead and

Mr. Pergande. These precious types were saved by the ener-

getic efforts of Miss Alice Eastwood, curator of botany, Miss

January, 1932] van duzee — new laboratory

Hyde, librarian, and Mr. John Carleson, caretaker of the

Academy. They were moved ahead of the fire three times and

finally found a safe temporary asylum at Fort Mason. They

now form a much-prized unit in the Academy’s collection of

insect types.

After the fire the return of the Academy expedition from the

Galapagos Islands brought 4000 insects, the nucleus of the

present collection. In 1908 Mr. J. G. Grundell gave his collec-

tion of Lepidoptera, largely exotic butterflies. A little later the

W. G. Wright collection was received, the most valuable portion

of which was the plesiotypes of all the butterflies figured in his

Butterflies of the West Coast, quite a number of which are the

true types of new species established in that work. In the

meantime the Academy had secured many valuable oriental

species taken by Dr. J. G. Thompson and others, and Dr. Van

Dyke had been adding the numerous insects other than Coleop-

tera taken by him in his field work as had Mr. J. R. Slevin.

Probably 30,000 specimens had been accumulated when the

present curator took over the care of this department in 1916.

Since that date a number of large and valuable collections have

been received. In 1916 Mr. E. J. Newcomer gave us his collec-

tion of nearly 2000 butterflies. The next year Dr. F. X.

Williams gave us his collection of about 8000 insects, mostly

Lepidoptera and especially strong in diurnals. The year follow-

ing the R. H. Stretch collection of Bombycine moths, over

3000 specimens, was turned over to the Academy for safe

keeping. In 1924 the Academy received by bequest the Holbrook

collection of butterflies with money for its proper display as an

exhibition. That same year Dr. E. C. Van Dyke deeded to the

Academy his great collection of Coleoptera of nearly 200,000

specimens, the largest on the coast. The year following

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell deeded his collection of Coleoptera, but little

smaller than the Van Dyke collection, and the curator turned

over his collection of Hemiptera numbering about 30,000 speci-

mens. These three collections and some others received later

were accepted with the understanding that, although the prop-

erty of the Academy, the donor should retain control of them

through his lifetime. In 1926 the Albert Koebele collection

came to the Academy through the kind offices of Mr. W. M.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. VIII, NO. 3

Giffard of Honolulu and the generosity of Mrs. Fanny Koebele.

This collection was especially strong in the moths, scale insects

and Coccinellidse. In 1927 Mr. Louis Slevin presented his col-

lection of Coleoptera, about 25,000 specimens, and has made

large additions to it since. In 1928 the Academy received by

bequest the C. L. Fox collection of Hymenoptera and Mr. J. O.

Martin presented the Academy with his collection of Coleoptera,

about 12,000 specimens. More recently the M. C. Van Duzee

collection, mostly Diptera, has been added. This collection of

Diptera will give the Academy the eastern species we needed

and is especially rich in families not usually favored by col-

lectors, such as the Dolochopodidae, Tipulidse and Mycetophyli-

dse, and added types of 142 species of Diptera. Mr. Van Duzee

is still improving the collection by study and determination of

the material in certain families.

Large additions to the Academy collection of insects have

been made during the past fifteen years by expeditions, mostly

by the curator or by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. Some of the more

productive of these are the following by the department staff :

1918, to northern California, 1919 to Huntington Lake, Califor-

nia, 1920 to western Washington and Vancouver Island, 1921

to the Gulf of California, 1922 to Utah, 1924 to Arizona, 1927

to Truckee and Reno, and 1929 to Owens Valley, each of these

adding from five to fifteen thousand specimens. Dr. E. C.

V an Dyke has made large additions to our collections each year,

usually 2000 or more specimens, but most valuable of all his

annual additions was the series of about 20,000 insects from

China and Japan, taken by him in 1923.

Altogether the Academy now has in its cases about 880,000

specimens of mounted insects, all but about 40,000 being actual

count as the material came in. A large proportion of this

material in most of the insect orders is determined, largely by

specialists, and is being arranged in systematic order as rapidly

as time and the acquisition of the necessary cases will permit.

The Hymenoptera alone of the larger orders is still but par-

tially studied. It is the aim of the Academy to build up a large

reference collection of insects where our west coast students

can come to do monographic work on any group in which they

may be interested. Heretofore no large general collection of

Main Laboratory, Looking from Office Door ; Curator at Left

Office of Department of Entomology

COLEOPTERA LABORATORY

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell ( left ) and J. 0 . Martin

January, 1932] van duzee — new laboratory

101

insects has been available west of the Atlantic States. With the

loyal support of the members and friends of the Academy it

will soon have a collection second to none, excepting that at the

National Museum and possibly one or two others in the east.

The Trustees and Council of the Academy have done their

part in furnishing one of the best equipped entomological

laboratories in the country. It is now up to our entomologists

to build up and perfect such a collection as has been envisioned

by the officers of the Academy.

Numbering Types

Different institutions and different departments in other in-

stitutions use different methods in recording their type num-

bers. Some use “lot” numbers while others employ “speci-

men” numbers in groups where each specimen receives a serial

number. There are about as many schemes for numbering

specimens as there are institutions that have adopted such a

system. In all such institutions type numbers run into high

figures, even where there are but few type specimens, hence the

type numbers give no clue to the number of types in that in-

stitution.

Where special type numbers are used there still may be a

great difference in the method of applying them. Some number

paratypes among the types or even topotypes, thus greatly in-

creasing the number of types. In the Department of Ento-

mology at the California Academy of Sciences we give type

numbers to holotypes (including lectotypes) and allotypes

only. Such type numbers now run to 3,614, representing 2,440

species of which the Academy possesses the holotype or allo-

type. These holotypes and allotypes are segregated and are

kept in metal cases in the Department office. They are num-

bered serially as received and are entered in a record book with

full data. A species index on cards makes it possible to locate

a type at once. Paratypes and cotypes are not numbered and

are kept in the general collection, but of course, are designated

by a special paratype label. — E. P. Van Duzee.

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE

CHRY SOMELID2E OF OREGON

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH AND SAMUEL BELLER

The following list of Chrysomelidse from Oregon contains

ninety-one species and two varieties. Of these, forty-nine spe-

cies and one variety are represented in the collection of the

Oregon State Agricultural College, very kindly loaned to us

by Professor W. J. Chamberlin of that institution; three spe-

cies were added by Mr. L. G. Gentner of the Southern Oregon

Experiment Station, to whom we are indebted for permission

to incorporate these and other records; one species and one

variety were added by specimens in the collection of the senior

author; thirty-eight species and one variety were added from

the literature. In a concluding paragraph ten species and two

varieties are listed that occur both in Washington and in Cali-

fornia and, consequently, are very probably members of the

Oregon fauna. This gives a total of 101 species and four

varieties, which probably represents ninety per cent or more of

the Chrysomelidse inhabiting the state.

In the list, localities without qualification are represented

by specimens in the collection of the Oregon State Agricultural

College; localities followed by the citation “ (Hatch)” or

“(Kincaid)” are represented by specimens in the collection of

the senior author; localities taken from the literature bear a

bibliographic citation; localities included on the authority of

Professor Chamberlin or Mr. Gentner are so marked, speci-

mens representing the latter being in Mr. Gentner’s collection.

The sequence of species is that of Leng, Cat. Col. Amer. n.

of Mex. 1920, and the numbers preceding the species are the

serial numbers employed in that catalogue.

15194 Donacia hirticollis Kby. Blue Mountains (Tollgate

5000 feet) (M. C. Lane), Klamath County (Lake of

the Woods).

15196 D. pubescens Lee. (Schaeffer, Brook. Mus. Sci., Bull.

Ill, 1925, p. 91).

15216 D. (Plateumaris) emarginata Kby. Mount Jefferson.

D. (P.) germari var. flavipennis Mann. Dilley (Schaef-

fer, 1. c., p. 142).

January, 1932] hatch and beller — chrysomelhxe 103

15213a D. (P.) pusilla var. pyritosa Lee. Corvallis (Kincaid),

Steins Mountains.

D. (P.) longicollis Schaeffer. Corvallis (Kincaid),

Hood River (Schaeffer, 1. c., p. 157).

15219 Orsodacne atra Ahr. Steins Mountains. Represented

by the following varieties: Var. B, black, base of

femora pale; Var. T, pale with sutural and side mar-

gins of elytra narrowly black; Var. Y, pale with apex

of elytra dark; Var. Z, as in “T” with pronotum dark.

15220 Syneta carinata Mann. (Bristley, Pan-Pac. Ent. IV,

1927, p. 59).

15221 Y. simplex Lee. (Leng, Cat. Col., 1920, p. 287).

15222 S', hamata Horn. Blue Mountains (Anthony L.), Bell-

fontain, Corvallis, Klamath County, La Grande, Mary’s

Peak, Waldport.

15224 S. albida Lee. Corvallis, Waldport.

15229 Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr. (Bristley, 1. c., p. 115).

15231 Z. calif ornica Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 287).

1 5234 Crioceris asparagi L. ab. linnei Pic. Gresham, Hermis-

ton.

15287 Saxinis saucia Lee. Ashland, Klamath Falls, Oregon

Mountains (Josephine County), Siskiyou Pass (Jack-

son County), Sparta (Baker County).

15392 Pachybrachis melanostictus Suffr. Portland and Hunt-

ington (Fall, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLI, 1915, p. 398).

15393 P.peccans Suffr. Huntington (Fall, 1. c., p. 400).

15440 P.bivittatus Say. Huntington (Fall, 1. c., p. 449).

15442 P. circumcintus Cr. Hood River and Josephine

County (Fall, 1. c., p. 450).

15452 P. prceclarus Weise. Jackson County. The three speci-

mens at hand differ from typical prceclarus by having

the anterior margins of the pronotum and elytra nar-

rowly pale, the pronotum with a median pale vitta at

the anterior half and a pair of divergent pale vittae

at the base, one on either side of the middle.

15481 Cryptocephalus sanguinicollis Suffr. La Grande. Var.

nigerrimus Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 291).

15521 Diachus auratus Fab. Corvallis, Monroe (Hatch).

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

15560 Colaspis oregonensis Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 292).

15604b Adoxus obscurus var. villosulus Schrank. Alsea Moun-

tain, Crater L., Portland, Three Sisters, Valsetz.

15612 Glyptoscelis illustris Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 293).

15616 G. alternata Cr. Crane, Steins Mountains (Fish L.),

Wild Horse.

15617 G.albida Lee. Klamath County.

15619 G. squamulata Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 293).

15628 Chrysochus auratus subsp. cobaltinus Lee. Dalles, Gold

Hill, Medford.

15633 Timarcha intricata Hald. Corvallis, Portland.

15636 Hydrothassa vittata Oliv. (Leng, 1. c., p. 294).

15648 Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Richland.

15669 Calligrapha elegans Oliv. Portland.

15676 C. multipunctata Say. Hermiston.

15677 C. bigsbyana Kby. (Leng, 1. c., p. 295).

15680 C.sigmoidea Lee. Corvallis.

15687 Chrysolina basilaris Say. Baker.

15695 Phcedon prasinella Lee. (Leng, 1. c., p. 295).

15702 Gastroidea dissimilis Say. Corvallis, Medford, Port-

land, Salem.

20190^4 Chrysomela immaculata Schaeffer (Schaeffer, Can.

Ent., LX, 1928, p. 45).

15708 C. interrupta Fab. Alsea Mount, Dalles: forms with

all spots discrete and with the two subapical spots con-

fluent. Var. cenicollis Schaeffer. Corvallis, Crater L. :

form with elytra black with eight to ten more or less

isolated pale spots. The var. cenicollis is represented

by the Corvallis and Crater L. specimens. — M. H. H.

15710 C . lineatopunctata Forst. Corvallis (Kincaid) ; var.

confluens Rogers. Crane, form with black elytra.

15727 Trirhabda canadensis Kby. Baker, Corvallis, Enter-

prize, Medford, Union County.

15736 T. flavolimbata Mann. Southern Oregon (Horn, Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 73).

15751 Galerucella nymphece L. Lake of Woods (Klamath

County) .

105

January, 1932] hatch and seller — chrysomelhle

15753a G. decora subsp. carbo Lee. Portland.

G. spirceophila sp. nov. Astoria, Corvallis, Klamath

County, Monroe (Hatch), Summit (Benton County),

Upper Klamath Marsh.

15754 G. luteola Mull. Corvallis.

15756 Monoxia consputa Lee. Crater Lake, Klamath Falls,

Silver Lake, Tumalo.

15757 M. debilis Lee. Corvallis, Crater Lake, Eugene (Hatch),

Harney Lake (Harney County), Klamath Falls, Mc-

Minnville, Monroe (Hatch), Phoenix, Tumalo.

15759 M. sordida Lee. Crater Lake, Klamath County.

15770 Diabrotica soror Lee. Canyonville (Hatch), Corvallis,

Cottage Grove (Hatch).

15783 D. trivittata Fab. Alsea, Corvallis.

15785 Phyllobrotica luperina Lee. Corvallis and Pratum

(Chamberlin) .

15802 S celolyperus schwarsi Horn. Hood River (Horn, 1. c.,

p. 106).

15803 S', longulus Lee. (Leng, 1. c., p. 297).

15830 Luperus varipes Lee. Drake Peak (Lake County).

15852 Galeruca externa Say. Mount Hood (Cloud Cap Inn).

15861 Hypolampsis pilosa 111. (Leng, 1. c., p. 299).

15895 Disonycha uniguttata Say. Elgin.

D. nigriventris Schaeffer. Blitzen River (Schaeffer,

Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXIX, 1931, p. 282).

D. latiovittat'a sp. nov. Haltica puncticollis Lee. (nec

Kby. 1837), which is probably the same as this new

species, was described from Oregon and California.

Mr. Gentner reports specimens that he assigns to

Leconte’s species from Grants Pass.

D.neglecta Schaeffer (Schaeffer, 1. c., p. 284).

15906 D. triangulari Say. Ontario.

15916 Altica bimarginata Say. Ashland (Gentner), Corval-

lis, Dodge Park (Gentner), Veronia (Gentner).

15929 A. probata Fall (det. by Gentner). Corvallis.

15939 A. aruginosa Lee. (Leng, 1. c., p. 300).

106 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

15943 A. tombacina Mann, {evict a Lee.) (det. by Gentner).

Astoria (Lovett-Gentner), Dodson (Carl D. Duncan-

Gentner), McKenzie Pass (Hatch), Monroe (Hatch),

Polk County, Portland, Valsetz.

15945 A. tincta Lee. (det. by Gentner). Ashland, Elgin,

Klamath County (Pelican Bay).

15968 Chalcoides helxines L. Corvallis, Sparta (Baker Co.),

Upper Klamath Marsh (Lovett-Gentner).

15977 Hippuriphila modeeri L. (Leng, 1. c., p. 301).

15985 Epitrix suberinita Lee. Corvallis, Portland (Gentner),

Talent (Gentner).

15990 Leptotrix recticollis Lee. (Leng, 1. c., p. 301).

15995 Chcetocnema cribrata Lee. (Horn, 1. c., XVI, 1889,

p. 257).

15997 C. irregularis Lee. Warner Mountains (Lake County),

(Gentner).

16028 Systena tceniata Say. Ontario.

16035 Longitarsus oregonensis Horn. (Leng, 1. c., p. 302).

16067 Phyllotreta oregonensis Cr. (Leng, 1. c., p. 302).

20245 J. utana Chittn. Corvallis and Forest Grove (Chitten-

den, Ent. Amer., VIII, 1927, p. 22).

P. vitta var. lineolata Chittn. Corvallis (Chittenden,

1. c., p. 25).

P. perspicua Chitt. Klamath Lake (Chittenden, 1. c.,

P- 29).

16069 P. denticornis Horn. Dalles and Hood River (Chit-

tenden, 1. c., p. 35).

16071 P. decipiens Horn. Portland (Chittenden, 1. c., p. 37).

16072 P. albionica Lee. Dalles and Huntington (Chittenden,

1. c., p. 39).

16077 P. lewisi Cr. Dalles and Ontario (Chittenden, 1. c.,

p ' 46 \ '

P.polita Chittn. Corvallis (Chittenden, 1. c., p. 57).

16089 Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. Corvallis (Gentner),

Elgin, Talent (Narrows) (Gentner).

16090 P. convexior Lee. Talent (Gentner).

16096 Anisost'ena nigrita Oliv. Elgin.

16129a Microrphopala vittata var. Icetula Lee. (Leng, 1. c., p.

303).

16149 J onthonota nigripes Oliv. Corvallis, Hermiston.

January, 1932] hatch and beller — chrysomelid^ 107

The following ten species and two varieties have a Wash-

ington and California distribution and probably occur in Ore-

gon: Zeugophora abnormis Lee., Z. varians Cr., Pachybrachis

donneri Cr., Adoxus obscurus L. typical form, Phczdon prasi -

nella var. punctatus' Hatch, P. oviformis Lee., Disonycha pluri-

ligata Lee. ( quinquevittata Say nec Fab.), Epitrix cucumzris

Harr., Mantura floridana Cr., Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, Dibolia

ovata Lee., Chelymorpha cassidea Fab.

Galerucella (s. str.) spiraeophila Hatch, sp. nov.

Dull yellowish brown with antennse, occiput, three spots on pro-

notum, and ventral surface of body except extreme apex of last

segment black; pronotum more or less densely and regularly punc-

tate with small impunctate areas toward the anterior angles; elytra

evidently pubescent, evidently punctate with the intervals between

the punctse nearly smooth, sutural angles rounded; mesocoxse nearly

contiguous; fifth abdominal sternite in male deeply emarginate, the

emargination extending nearly three-fourths the total length of the

segment, in female more or less notched at apex; length S mm.

Type, allotype, and fifty paratypes, Chase Lake (Snoho-

mish County), Washington, April 30, 1931, M. H. Hatch;

9 paratypes, Seattle, Washington, August 17, 1928 ; 1 paratype,

Seattle, Washington, April 26, 1928 ; 4 paratypes, Evans Creek

(King County), May 11, 1929, M. H. Hatch; 1 paratype,

Snoqualmie Falls, May 10, 1930, M. H. Hatch; 1 paratype,

Lopez Island, Washington, July 3, 1926 ; 4 paratypes, Leaven-

worth, Washington, June 29, 1931, R. W. Kiser; 1 paratype,

Monroe, Oregon, June 18, 1930, all in Hatch collection. Two

paratypes, Mount Adams, Washington, July 1, 1925, M. C.

Lane, and Toppenish, Washington, May 1 5 1926, M. C. Lane

(in his collection). Five paratypes, Astoria, Oregon, January 1,

1922, A. L. Lovett; 3 paratypes, Summit, Oregon, July 5, 1929,

A. L. Lovett; 1 paratype, Corvallis, Oregon, May 15, 1925;

1 paratype, Yakima, Washington, July 26, 1922, A. L. Lovett,

all in collection of Oregon State Agricultural College.

The series from Chase Lake was taken on Spircza douglasii.

This form is morphologically very close to decora Say, and

may prove to be only a variety or subspecies of it. In view,

however, of its distinct food plant ( decora feeds on Salix), it

would seem best to keep them apart. In addition, in spirez-

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

ophila, the base of the head is somewhat more narrowly dark,

the apex of the last abdominal segment somewhat more nar-

rowly pale and somewhat more strongly notched in the female.

The food plant is known only for the specimens from Chase

Lake. All captures of Galerucella should be accompanied by

a notation of food plant, since Fall (Me. Agric. Exp. Sta.,

Bull. 319, 1924, pp. 81-91) has shown this to be frequently

of great taxonomic significance.

Disonycha latiovittata Hatch, sp. nov.

Elongate, subparallel; head pale with narrow occipital margin,

labium, and two more or less coalescent spots on front (which may

be obsolete) black; pronotum with from two to five black spots, evi-

dently punctate; elytra yellow with a common sutural, a discal, and

a marginal dark vitta; the marginal and sutural vittas meeting at

apex, the discal vitta free at apex and as wide or wider than pale

vittae on either side; below pale except for tibiae, tarsi, and more or

less restricted areas on the meso- and metathorax, which are black;

length 7-8 mm.

Type and five paratypes, Nisqually, Washington, August 23,

1931, collected on Salix by Trevor Kincaid; one paratype,

Sultan, Washington, May 13, 1931, D. Frizzell, all in Hatch

collection. Eight paratypes, North Yakima, Washington, July

10, 1903 (two in Hatch collection) ; and one paratype, Wawa-

wai, Washington, in collection of State College of Washington.

Three paratypes, one each from Perry, Washington, June 17,

1923; Kettle River, Orient, Washington, July 8, 1921, and

Wawawai, Washington, May 31, 1921, collected by M. C. Lane,

and in his collection. One paratype, Gallatin County, Montana,

July 12, No. 1305 (in University of Montana collection).

Distinguished from pluriligata Lee. ( quinquevittata Say nec

Fab.) by the discal black vitta being as wide or wider than the

pale vittae on either side, by the more coarsely punctate pro-

notum, by the more constant quinquemaculation of the pro-

notum, and by the darker tibiae. It appears likely that Leconte

has anticipated us in recognizing this species ( Haltica puncti-

collis Lee. 1857 nec Kby. 1837), but since this may not be the

case and since Leconte’s name is a homonym, it was thought

better to propose a new species rather than a substitute name.

Moreover, the insect figured by Essig, Ins. W. N. A. 1926,

fig. 288, seems to belong here.

January, 1932] linsley — diphyllostma

109

THE LUCANID GENUS DIPHYLLOSTOMA

(Coleoptera)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

Oakland , California

The genus Diphyllostoma is one of the most interesting as

well as one of the most remarkable of the genera of the Lucani-

dse. Two species have been known for some years by the

male only. They have both been very rare in collections and

practically nothing has been known of their biology. The recent

capture of a considerable series of males of these species and

the discovery of the flightless female, in addition to certain

field observations on the group, has resulted in the following

notes and remarks on the members of this genus.

Diphyllostoma Fall 1 ( || Phyllostoma Fall 2 ) contains two

small, slender species, with a small, transverse head, with two

cephalic ridges which converge v-like at the base, large, sub-

globular, moderately finely granulated eyes, small mandibles,

and straight antennae. The adult -insects are diurnal, flying in

the early morning and late afternoon or evening. They are

usually found in grassy areas and probably feed in the larval

stage upon the living or decomposing roots of various wild

grains or grasses. The female is wingless and exhibits many

differences from the male, resembling in this respect the females

of certain Scarabaeidas and Cebrionidae 3 which are similar in

habits.

The following table, based upon male characters, will sep-

arate the two known species :

Mandibles strongly emarginate at tip; suborbital plates prominent;

unicolorous, dark brown. 6-8 mm. Tulare County California

fimbriata (Fall)

Mandibles evenly rounded; suborbital plate inconspicuous; bi-

colored, prothorax piceous, elytra brownish. 5-9 mm. Middle

Sierra Nevada Mountains, California.. .nigricollis Fall

1 Fall, H. C. Can. Ent. XXXIII, p. 324.

2 Fall, H. C. Can. Ent. XXXIII, p. 290.

3 For sexual differences in certain Cebrionidse, see Biologia Centr.

Americana, 1896, Coleoptera, III, Pt. 1, Plate 25, Figs. 19, 20.

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Diphyllostoma fimbria ta (Fall) (Page 119, fig. 3)

This species was described some thirty years ago from

material taken by Mr. Ralph Hopping near Kaweah, Calif.

The type specimens were collected on grain and wild grasses

on a small sandy hill and were nearly all taken at dusk.

Mr. E. R. Leach recently took a fine series under similar con-

ditions at Hot Springs, Tulare County. His observations sug-

gest that the beetles were merely crawling up the stems to

take flight and were making no attempt to feed on these grasses.

All of Mr. Leach’s specimens were taken in a very limited area,

one individual flying before 6 a. m., the remainder in late after-

noon. This species has also been found in Sequoia National

Park, where it was taken in numbers from the Power Com-

pany’s flumes by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and his students. 4

D. Umbriata is found from the middle of May to late July,

between 1000 and 3500 feet altitude. Only the male is known.

Diphyllostoma nigricollis Fall (Page 119, figs. 1, 2, 2a)

The most important character separating this species from

the preceding is the non-emarginate mandibles. In the female,

which probably more nearly represents the common type from

which the species were derived, the mandibles show a slight

emargination. The sub-orbital plate is much more prominent

in D. Umbriata than in D. nigricollis, but most of the other

characters, such as the comparative length of the tarsi, the

puncturation, and the elytral sculpturing lose their value in a

series. The color differences are not always apparent, especially

in fresh material, and at such times both species may be a more

or less uniform dark brown. Usually, however, the elytra are

distinctly lighter in D. nigricollis.

For many years this species was known only by the type

material, but in the summer of 1930, Mr. Howard Hinton 5

took a series of males from a flume near Riverton, Calif.

While collecting in the same region in early July, 1931, the

writer and Mr. E. C. Zimmerman captured in addition a

4 See note by E. C. Van Dyke, Pan-Pac. Ent. VII, 1930, p. 95.

5 Hinton, H. Observations on Two California Beetles, Pan-Pac. Ent.

Vn, 1930, page 95.

January, 1932] linsley — diphyllostma

111

long series of males and two females. Later in the same month,

additional females were taken by Mr. Hinton. As the female

proved to be quite different from the male, the following table

was prepared to bring out a few of these peculiarities :

Male

Female

Fully winged.

Elytra parallel-sided, longer than

abdomen.

Eyes large.

Tarsi much longer than posterior

tibiae.

Anterior tibia with large apical

tooth on inner side.

Mandibles evenly rounded.

Wingless, or with only slight

wing rudiments.

Elytra broadly oval, shorter than

abdomen.

Eyes very small.

Tarsi shorter than posterior tibiae.

Apical tooth on anterior tibia re-

placed by a small slender spine.

Mandibles slightly emarginate.

Like the preceding species, D. nigricollis apparently flies

in the morning and late afternoon, although occasional speci-

mens have been taken throughout the day. Nothing is known

of the biology of this species, but it probably lives in the ground.

The type series was taken in Fresno County, flying “in the

pines” at 6600 feet altitude. The Riverton specimens were all

taken at about 3000 feet, from May to July.

Amblycheila in California

A fine pair of Amblycheila picolomini Rche. has recently

been added to the collection of the California Academy of Sci-

ences by Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, Curator of Herpetology in the

Academy, who collected them near Skidoo in the Panamint

Mountains in eastern California, at an elevation of 5,500 feet.

These specimens fit Reiche’s description very well and are

without doubt that species. The original description gave the

locality as San Francisco but not until now has an Amblycheila

been reported from this state. The species recorded above

agrees also with River’s illustration 1 of what he took to be A.

picolomini from Peach Springs, Arizona, and it seems as though

this name should be restored to specific standing. — J. O. Martin.

i Zoe. Vol. IV, pp. 218-223, plates 18, 19, 1893.

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW AND

OLD GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH

AMERICAN OEMINI AND METHIINI

(Coleoptera Cerambycidae)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

Oakland, California

The Oemini and Methiini are two apparently related tribes

of the Cerambycinae. The species are nearly all rare in collec-

tions, and scarcity of material has resulted in many mistakes

and considerable confusion in the literature. A monographic

study of these tribes is impossible until a greater series of indi-

viduals can be examined and until a more complete knowledge

of their biology can be obtained. The following paper is offered

merely to place certain new species and to correct a few of the

more obvious errors that have come to the attention of the

writer. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for permission to describe certain species

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences and

for helpful advice concerning some of the more perplexing

problems encountered in the preparation of this paper.

Oemini

The Oemini constitute the first of a series of closely related

groups which made up the Cerambycini of LeConte and Horn.

The latter tribe has been broken up to form the Achrysonini,

Cerambycini, Hesperophanini, Eburiini,, Elaphidionini, and a

number of others, to which Aurivillius has recently added the

Methiini. In all of these tribes, the eyes are large, coarsely

granulated, emarginate (rarely divided), the antennae long with

second segment small, and anterior coxal cavities angulated

at the sides. The Oemini are separated from their relatives by

the more or less corneous ligula. The species are dominantly

Ethiopian but are well represented in tropical America. A few

genera occur in Malasia as well as in the Nearctic fauna.

Among our genera, Haplidus is apparently the most primi-

tive, and although it exhibits a facies peculiar to itself, it has

few outstanding characters, and is very difficult to define.

January, 1932] linsley — oemini and methiini

113

V andykea is one of the most highly specialized genera with

many striking characters, showing certain affinities with

Styloxus and the Methiini. Our genera may be separated as

follows :

Table of the North American Genera of the Oemini

1. Eyes deeply emarginate, embracing base of antennae; front coxae

prominent 2

Eyes slightly emarginate, scarcely embracing base of antennae:

front coxae moderately prominent Haplidus

2. Prosternum narrow 3

Prosternum broad 5

3. Prothorax rounded at sides 4

Prothorax tuberculate at sides 6

4. Prothorax constricted at base; palpi very slightly dilated; pro-

sternal process short Oeme

Prothorax lobed at base; palpi broadly dilated; prosternal

process long Malacopterus

5. Antennal segments 3-6 armed with a terminal spine, body uni-

formly pubescent; elytral apices spinose Eucrossus

Antennal segments 3-6 unarmed; body with transverse bands

of yellow pubescence; elytral apices emarginate Dryobius

6. Pro thorax subquadrate; elytra distinctly costate; front coxae

separated by prosternal process Eudisienia

Prothorax elongate, with a large obtuse lateral tubercle; elytra

without costae; front coxae contiguous behind.. ..V andykea n. g.

Genus Haplidus LeConte

When LeConte originally defined this genus, he separated it

from the other Oemini by the short, slender, equal palpi, and

the less deeply emarginate eyes. The addition of two new

species in which the palpi are very unequal in length and the last

segment broadly dilated, necessitates an .enlargement of the

scope of the genus, and increases the difficulty of separating it

from the other genera. However, I can find no constant charac-

ters to add to those given by LeConte, but it is my opinion that

Haplidus is a distinct unit and should remain as such in our

classification.

Key to the Species of Haplidus

1. Palpi slender, subequal in length, last segment cylindrical; pro-

thorax more or less octagonal, sides parallel at middle. 9-15

mm. New Mexico to California testaceus Lee

Palpi very unequal in length, last segment broadly dilated; pro-

thorax distinctly angulate, widest at middle 2

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

2. Head wider than prothorax; fourth segment of antennae one-

third shorter than third. 8 mm. Southern Arizona

palpalis n. sp.

Head narrower than prothorax, fourth segment of antennae dis-

tinctly longer than third. 6-12 mm. California

antennatus n. sp.

Haplidus testaceus Lee 1

This species is slightly larger than either of the following

and ranges throughout the Great Basin area from New Mexico

to California. The adults are frequently taken at light. The

antennae are longer than the body in the male, about as long

as the body in the female, and the fifth ventral of the latter is

rounded, that of the male emarginate. There is a small median

smooth spot on the prothorax of the female which is replaced

by a shining longitudinal line in the male.

In the series of individuals before me, the width of the head

in proportion to the prothorax appears to be constant, but there

is considerable variation in the length of the head. In certain

specimens from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, the length of the

head in the female varies from one-half as long as broad to as

long as broad. This character is used by Colonel Casey to sep-

arate his H. brezticeps (type locality Fort Wingate, New Mex-

ico) from H. testaceus. Since the remaining characters men-

tioned by Casey are typically those of the latter species, I have

considered breviceps as a variant of H. testaceus.

Haplidus palpalis Linsley, n. sp.

Elongate, slender, blackish-piceous and shining; pubescence short,

sparse, subdecumbent, interspersed with a few longer scattered flying

hairs. Head distinctly wider than prothorax; front short, vertical,

vertex medianly sulcate; eyes coarsely granulated, emarginate, rather

widely separated; antennae slender, longer than the body ($), scape

moderately stout, second segment small, about as long as broad,

third slightly more than four times as long as second, fourth one-

fifth shorter than third, fifth two-thirds longer than fourth, follow-

ing segments diminishing gradually in length toward apex (with

exception of twelfth, which is suddenly shortened, being about two-

thirds as long as eleventh). Prothorax slightly longer than broad,

sides angulated; punctures dense and variolate, with the exception

of a median polished line ($). Elytra a little wider than prothorax,

slightly more than three times as long as broad, apices rotundate

l LeConte, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 264, 1873, p. 175; LeConte and Horn,

Class. Col. 1883, p. 284.

January, 1932] linsley — oemini and methiini

115

truncate. Beneath, punctures fine, sparse; ventral segments sub-

glabrous. Length 8 mm.; breadth 1.75 mm.

Type, male, (No. 3604 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) taken by the

writer in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, July 6,

1930, at light.

The type, a unique, has twelve-segmented antennae, but this

condition is probably abnormal. The antennal proportions are,

exclusive of the twelfth segment, as in H. testaceus, but the

shape and proportions of the prothorax, puncturation, and the

very unequal, broadly dilated palpi will readily separate it from

that species.

Haplidus antennatus Linsley, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, somewhat depressed, dark brownish-testa-

ceous; pubescence subdecumbent, with scattered longer flying hairs;

puncturation distinctly variolate. Head slightly narrower than pro-

thorax, coarsely, densely punctured; front short, vertical, vertex

medianly sulcate, eyes coarsely granulated, emarginate, rather widely

separated; palpi very unequal in length, last segment broadly dilated;

antennae slender, longer than body (d 1 ), shorter than body (?), scape

stout, as long as second and third segments together, second seg-

ment small, about as long as broad, third about three times as long

as second, fourth one-third longer than third, fifth one-third longer

than fourth, following segments diminishing gradually in length

toward apex. Prothorax as long as broad, sides distinctly angulated,

widest at middle, coarsely, variolately punctured. Elytra slightly

broader than prothorax, about three times as long as broad, apices

rotundate-truncate. Beneath, sparsely, finely punctured, abdomen

clothed with fine, decumbent hairs. Length 10 mm.; breadth 2 mm.

Holotype, male, (No. 3605 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) taken by

the writer at Carnelian Bay, Lake Tahoe, California, July 20,

1931 ; allotype, female, (No. 3606 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) from

Santa Ana Canyon, Orange County, California, July 21, 1930,

K. Sloop collector; paratypes : Trinity County, California,

October 10, 1918, in collection of E. R. Leach; Lake Tahoe,

California, July 18-22, 1930, in the collection of the writer.

In this species the proportions of the antennal segments are

quite different from either H. palpalis or H. testaceus, and this

character, in addition to the others given in the key, will easily

separate it. The Lake Tahoe specimens were taken on Pinus

pondefosa Dougl. and it is quite probable that all three species,

breed in coniferous trees.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Genus Oeme Newman 2

The deep basal constriction of the prothorax will separate

this genus from the other North American genera of the tribe.

Most of the species are confined to the western or southern

United States and three or four species are found in tropical

America.

Oeme rotundicollis Linsley, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, yellowish-testaceous, clothed with a dense,

fine, decumbent pile, interspersed with coarser more erect setae and

scattered flying hairs. Head slightly wider than prothorax, moder-

ately coarsely, densely punctured; front short, vertical, vertex deeply

longitudinally sulcate; eyes large, coarsely granulated, deeply emargi-

nate; antennae slender, about as long as the body (?), annulate,

scape moderately stout, second segment small, third nearly twice

as long as scape, fourth two-thirds as long as third, following seg-

ments diminishing gradually in length toward apex. Prothorax one-

third wider than long, moderately constricted at base, sides evenly

rounded, widest at middle, apex slightly wider than base, disk moder-

ately densely punctured with the exception of a median polished area

(9). Elytra three and one-half times as long as broad, distinctly

wider than prothorax, feebly tricostate, finely closely punctured,

suture margined with a thin dark line from base to apex, apices

rotundate-truncate. Beneath, finely, closely punctured, shining.

Length 14 mm.; breadth 3.5 mm.

Type, female, (No. 3607 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and one

paratype, also a female, from Glen Ranch, Alpine, Texas, O. C.

Poling collector (Van Dyke Collection).

This is the only species known to me in which the prothorax,

anterior to the basal constriction, is evenly rounded at the sides.

In most of the species the widest point is behind the middle,

with the sides somewhat straight or gradually narrowed an-

teriorly. From O. hirsuta Van Dyke, the species with which

rotundicollis might most easily be confused, it differs in the

wider head, more slender antennae, and dark sutural margin of

the elytra. The dense pilosity, long slender antennal scape, and

wide head will separate it from O. rigida Say. The round pro-

thorax gives rotundicollis a very characteristic appearance.

Many writers have used the degree of development of the

tubercles along the inner side of the third, fourth, and fifth

antennal segments as a basis for the separation of species in

2 Newman, Entomologist I, 1840, p. 8; Lacordaire, Gen. Col. VIII, 1869,

p. 222; LeConte and Horn, Class. Coleoptera, 1883, p. 284.

January, 1932] linsley — oemini and methiini 117

the genus. This character is not only variable, but is to a great

extent sexual. The tubercles are usually more highly developed

in the male, and are often greatly reduced in size or entirely

missing in the female.

Genus Malacopterus Serv. 3

Our only species, M. tenellus (Fab.), ranges from Central

America to the southwestern United States. Two other species

are known, both from Brazil.

Genus Eucrossus- LeConte 4

This genus is founded on E. viilicornis Lee., an extremely

variable species distributed throughout the Southwest. As

mentioned by Leconte, there is little uniformity in the lateral

prothoracic spine, and it may or may not be present. The males

are, as a rule, lighter colored (more or less testaceous), with

larger mandibles, and long, stout, very hairy antennae. The

female varies in color from dark testaceous to piceous. The

puncturation of the prothorax may be uniform throughout or

very uneven, in either sex. Eucrossus phcenicis Csy. appears

from the description to be one of the dark females of E. villicor-

nis Lee. In California, the host plant of viilicornis is Pinus

sabiana Dougl.

Genus Dryobius LeConte 5

LeConte and Horn in their Classification of the Coleoptera

associate this genus with Eucrossus, accrediting D. sexfasciatus

(Say) 1 with spinose antennae. In the six specimens before me

from Kentucky (Van Dyke Collection) and Cincinnati, Ohio

(Blaisdell Collection), the antennae are entirely unarmed.

Genus Eudistenia Lall 6

This interesting genus is based upon E. costipennis Fall

(Fig. 4), and is easily distinguished by the characters given

in the key. Eudistenia costipennis is a rather rare species found

in central and southern California. Fall’s original specimens

were beaten from oak, but I have two examples from Yosemite

Valley which were taken on Pinus ponder osa Dougl.

3 Serville, Soc. Ent. France, II, 1833, p. 565; LeConte and Horn, Class.

Col. 1883, p. 284.

4 LeConte, Smiths. Misc. Coll. XI, 1873, p. 134; LeConte and Horn,

p. 284.

5 LeConte, Journ. Acad. N. S. Phil., II, 1850, p. 23; LeConte and Horn,

p. 284.

6 Fall, H. C. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XV, 1907, p. 82.

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Genus Vandykea Linsley, new genus

Elongate, subcylindrical. Head distinctly narrower than pro-

thorax; front short, gense small, acute, vertex deeply grooved; palpi

slightly unequal in length, terminal segment somewhat dilated; eyes

coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate, widely separated above and

below; antennae longer than the body, moderately slender, sparsely

hairy beneath; longer than broad, third, fourth, and fifth segments

subequal, tuberculate beneath, remaining segments diminishing in

length toward apex. Prothorax elongate, with well developed lateral

tubercles. Elytral apices subtruncate. Scutellum obtusely triangular.

Anterior and middle coxae rounded, strongly angulated externally,

open and contiguous behind; prosternal process very narrow, only

partially separating the coxae; metasternal episterna narrow, slightly

wider anteriorly. Legs moderate, not clavate; tibial spurs short;

tarsi finely pubescent beneath, first segment as long as remaining

three.

Genotype, Vandykea tuberculata n. sp.

This genus is founded on a moderate sized species from

California which shows relationship with Styloxus (Idcemea)

in the Methiini. The ligula is apparently corneous, but this

could not be determined without dissection, an operation that

would have endangered the unique type. The other characters

are, however, essentially those of the Oemini.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this genus to Dr. Edwin

C. Van Dyke, whose generous and patient help, in addition to

the high character of his entomological contributions, has been

a continual inspiration to me.

Vandykea tuberculata Linsley, n. sp.

(Page 119, fig. 5)

Piceous, upper surface densely, rugosely punctured, sparsely

clothed with coarse, pale, erect and semi-erect hairs. Head medianly

sulcate at apex; front short; antennae twice as long as body ($),

rather sparsely clothed with coarse, pale hairs, more numerous on

inner surface. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, with a deep

subapical constriction and a well developed lateral tubercle; base

slightly narrower than apex; entire surface coarsely punctured with

the exception of a narrow median longitudinal polished line on basal

half ($). Elytra as wide as prothorax, about three and one-half

times as long as broad; pubescence sparse, short, decumbent; costs

not evident. Beneath, sparsely clothed with coarse, pale hairs.

Length 13.5 mm.; breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype, male, (No. 3608, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), a

unique, taken in Pope Valley, Napa County, California, May 8,

January, 1932]

LINSLEY OEMINI AND METHIINI

119

Fig. 1, 2. Diphyllostoma nigricollis Fall; fig. 3, Diphyllostoma fim-

briata Fall; fig. 4, Eudistemia costipennis Fall; fig. 5, Vandykea tuber-

culaia Linsl.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

1930, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. The specimen was beaten from

Cupressus sargentii Jepson.

Methiini

The Methiini have always been a more or less puzzling

group to the systematist, and their position in relation to the

other groups of the Cerambycidse has been many times in dis-

pute. J. Thomson, 7 basing his opinion on Methia pusilla New-

man, placed them in the Lamiinse (Lamiites) , noting, however,

a similarity to Obrium. Lacordaire 8 also placed them in the

Lamiinse, but pointed out a resemblance to Molorchus. LeConte

and Horn, 9 with more material before them, group them as the

last tribe of the Lamiinse (Lamiidce), stating that they were

the lowest organized of the Lamiinse, “undifferentiated forms,

which exhibit strong relationships with Oeme and its allies

among the Cerambycidae.” Finally, Aurivillius 10 definitely asso-

ciated them with Oemini (as Tribe X of the Cerambycinae).

This position is a good one and is justified by structural char-

acters as well as by the habits of the group.

The various genera of the Methiini have also been subject

to confusion. Newman, 11 in his original description of Methia

pusilla, stated that the second antennal segment was obsolete.

In all of the species since described and referred to this genus,

the second segment, although very small, is clearly visible.

Schaeffer 12 states that “the type species of this genus, pusilla,

is said to have the second joint obsolete, but in a

specimen in Mr. Beyer’s collection, the second joint, although

exceedingly small, is visible with a strong lens.”

Key to Genera of the Methiini

1. Eyes divided, moderately granulated; second antennal segment

obsolete Tessaropa

Eyes deeply emarginate but undivided, coarsely granulated;

second antennal segment small but visible 2

2. Thorax as broad or broader than long, sides more or less arcu-

ate; femora not clavate Methia

Thorax distinctly longer than broad; sides parallel or subangu-

late; femora clavate Styloxus

7 Thomson, J. Essai Class. Famille des Cerambycides, 1860, p. 364.

8 Lacordaire, I. T. Gen. Coleoptera, 1869, IX, p. 466.

9 LeConte and Horn, Classification of the Coleoptera, 1883, p. 333.

10 Aurivillius. Chr. Cerambycinse, Junk Coleopt. Cat. 39, 1912, p. 38.

n Newman, E. Entomologist I, 1842, p. 418.

12 Schaeffer, C. Bull. Brook. Inst., I, 1908, p. 352.

January, 1932] linsley — oemint and methiint

121

Genus Methia Newman

Until recently this genus was considered endemic to North

America, but the discovery of two species in South America 13

has considerably extended its range. The species are nearly all

small, delicate insects, with greatly abbreviated elytra and long,

slender antennae. The following is apparently undescribed :

Methia fragilis Linsley, n. sp.

Elongate, subparallel, piceous, elytra marked with large, irregular,

indistinct pale areas, more noticeable toward apex; pubescence fine,

moderately dense, subdecumbent, interspersed with longer flying

hairs. Head large, coarsely punctured, one-sixth wider than pro-

thorax; eyes very large, coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate,

nearly contiguous above and below; antennae twice as long as body

(A), scape distinctly longer than head, second segment small, about

half as long as broad, third about twice as long as first and second

together, fourth and following segments subequal, diminishing only

slightly in length toward apex. Prothorax slightly broader than

long, sides arcuate, base constricted, puncturation slightly umbilicate.

Scutellum longer than broad, deeply sulcate. Elytra three times as

long as broad, dull, pubescence fine, obscuring puncturation, apices

rounded. Beneath, body sparsely pubescent with long pale hairs.

Length 7 mm.; breadth 1.75 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 3609, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), from

Santa Ana Canyon, Orange County, California, May 30,

K. Sloop Collector, and one paratype, male, from Paraiso

Springs, Calif., August 25, 1924, in the L. S. Slevin Collection,

California Academy of Sciences.

This is a small slender species related to M. mormona Linell.

It is, however, smaller and more delicate than mormona with a

different style of puncturation, and more narrowly separated

eyes (this last character is of use only when comparing mem-

bers of the male sex) . The elytra, in M. mormona are shining

and sub-glabrous, with the puncturation well defined at the

base. In M. fragilis, the elytra are dull, the pale markings indis-

tinct, and the pubescence fine, obscuring the puncturation. It is

much more slender than M. cestiva Fall, and exhibits a different

type of coloration.

13 M. argentina Bruch, Rev. Museo La Plata, 24, 1919, p. 20 (Pig.).

M. f i s c h e r i Melzer, Rev. Museo Paulista, 13, 1923, p. 531 (Pig.).

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Genus Styloxus LeConte

After a careful study of the literature and material at hand,

I am unable to find any characters to warrant the continued

separation of Idoemea Horn and Styloxus Lee. and I propose

that the two be united. Most of the characters mentioned by

Horn 14 lose their importance when viewed in the light of added

species and greater series. When Horn described Idoemea,

Styloxus was known by a single male specimen, and although

Horn states that his specimen of I. fulleri was a male, I am

inclined to believe from his description that it was a female

(widely separated eyes and short antennae are typically female

characters in the Methiini), and that many of the characters by

which he separated the genus were sexual characters. Since

Horn’s time, three more species have been added to Idoemea.

Two of these, I. calif ornica and I. texana are congeneric with

I. fulleri. The third species, I. bicolor ( Styloxus rudceps Van

Dyke), might be placed equally well in either genus. The

synonymy of Styloxus is as follows :

Styloxus Lee

Idoemea Horn

Malthophia Csy.

lucanus Lee

bicolor (Champ and Knull) fulleri (Horn)

ruficeps Van Dyke texanus (Schffr.) 16

californicus (Fall)

oculatus (Csy.) 15

Explanation of Plate

1. Diphyllostoma nigricollis Fall, female.

2. Diphyllostoma nigricollis Fall, male.

2a. Same, dorsal view of head.

3. Diphyllostoma fimbriata (Fall), head of male.

4. Eudistenia costipennis Fall, male.

4a. Same, front view of head.

4b. Same, ventral view of thoracic region.

5. Vandykea tuberculata Linsley, male.

5a. Same, front view of head.

14 Horn, G. H. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, p. 138.

15 Van Dyke, E. C. Pan-Pacific Ent., Ill, 1927, p. 101.

16 S. texanus may eventually prove to be the male ofS. fulleri

(Horn).

January, 1932] gunder — new butterflies

123

A FEW NEW BUTTERFLIES

(Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

Parnassius eversmanni Men., (race thor Hy. Edw. ?), tr.

f. kohlsaati, new

The usual red color within the spotting on the upper and

under sides of the secondaries is here a yellow. Classification:

chromatism; color change, red to yellow.

Holotype $ ; expanse 53 mm., McKinley National Park,

Alaska, June 27, 1931. Collected by Frank Morand of Los

Angeles. Named after Mr. John E. C. Kohlsaat of Carpenteria,

California. Type in author’s collection. The colored illustra-

tion of eversmanni Men. (Siemashko Russ. Faun., pi. IV, f. 5,

1849) is marked with a male sign and wosnesenskii Men.

(Siemashko Russ. Faun., pi. IV, f. 6, 1849) is marked with a

female sign. A dozen varital names have been given to Asian

deviations of this species. Mr. J. F. May of Kelwood, Mani-

toba, took a female eversmanni in the Babine Range above

Smithers, B. C., on July 20, 1931. This is a new southern

locality for this species. He also took on July 26, 1931,

Melitaea mayi Gun. (Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec., 1929,

p. 327) in the same region which is another new record for

British Columbia. This is the third consecutive season that

Mr. May has collected this rather rare Melitaea, a good series

being obtained last year from the type locality.

Parnassius clodius Men., tr. f. dodgei, new

Having the spotting of the secondaries a definite yellow

instead of red. Classification: chromatism; color change, red

to yellow.

Holotype $ ; expanse 63 mm., Santa Cruz Hills, Santa Cruz,

California, June 15, 1923. Named after Mr. E. A. Dodge of

Santa Cruz, California. Type in author’s collection. An exam-

ple of dodgei from Bear Valley, Marin County, just to the north,

is illustrated on pi. 5, fig. 6, in Comstock’s “Butterflies of

124 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

California.” Mr. C. W. Herr of Priest River, Idaho, spent

last summer collecting in the Salman Mountain Ranges of south

central Idaho, particularly near Mt. Hyndman, being about

thirty miles from Lake Alturas, the type locality of alturas

Dyar. In his long series in both sexes of Parnassius taken,

all have yellow spots. Therefore alturas Dyar is a definite race

of clodius and should be re-listed as such following Dyar’s own

check list. Dyar’s lapsus calami in that list was his own locality

given as Wyoming instead of Idaho.

Parnassius clodius Men., race baldur Edw.,

tr. f. sulfureus, new

On both upper and under sides of the secondaries all the

spots are a bright yellow instead of red with no maculation

change. Classification : chromatism ; color change, red to yellow.

Holotype $ ; expanse 60 mm., allotype 2 ; expanse 63 mm.,

Davis Creek, Modoc County, California, June 12, 1924, for

male, and June 18, 1924, for female. Types in author’s collec-

tion. Binigrimaculella Gun. should be synonymed under lorquini

Oberth, because both represent immaculism under change of

pattern.

Anthocaris sara Bdv., race reakirtii Edw.,

tr. f. broweri, new

Transition form sternitzkyi Gun. of race reakirtii, which is a

color change under chromatism, red to yellow, is well illustrated

by the colored plate in the January, 1925, Ent. News. A series

of these are now to be found in various collections. Broweri

represents albinism under color change through to white,

the apical colored areas on both upper and under sides of

the primaries being a natural pure white, in color like the rest

of the wing, all white. Thus we now record a complete

sequence of color change as follows : typical reakirtii having

the usual red apical area sternitzkyi , the yellow apical area, and

broweri reverting to a natural white area. No more names can

be added under change of color, as the sequence is complete,

it being improbable that violet, blue, etc., on up, can be added

within the temperate habitat of this species and race. Wrighti

Comst. represents melanifusism under change of pattern.

January, 1932] gunder — new butterflies

125

Holotype $ ; expanse 37 mm., Peanut Hill, Berkeley Hills,

Alameda County, California, March 14, 1928. Named after

Mr. David R. Brower of Berkeley, California. Type in author’s

collection.

Zerene eurydice Bdv., tr. f. doudoroffi, new

Similar in all respects to the typical yellow female, except

that the color is white. Classification : albinism ; change of color,

yellow to white.

Holotype 2 ; expanse 57 mm., Lake Alpine, Fairfax, Marin

County, California, July 17, 1929. Named after Mr. M. Doudo-

roff of San Francisco. Type in author’s collection. See “Review

of the Genus Zerene” in the January, 1928, Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist. This name should be placed immediately following

tr. f. new c-ombi Gun. of the “new listing” given on page 102

of that article. The recording of this name makes an interesting

record, especially as more is becoming known about colors in

certain genera.

Brenthis alberta Edw., tr. f. banjfensis, new

Lacking the transverse black maculation through the discal

area on both upper and under sides of the primaries, but

retaining submarginal rows of spotting with cell spots reduced

in appearance. Spotting of secondaries reduced in size. Classi-

fication: immaculism; change of pattern, example not final.

Holotype $ ; expanse 40 mm., Banff, Alberta, Canada,

July 21, 1930. Collected by Mr. J. F. May of Kelwood, Mani-

toba, Canada. Type in author’s collection.

Euphydryas chalcedona Dbldy. and Hew., race colon Edw.,

tr. f. fenderi, new

White spotting on both upper and under sides of both

wings elongated through their interspaces. Looks like chalce-

dona fusimacula Barnes as illustrated by fig. 3 on pi. VII in the

November, 1927, Entomological News. Tr. f. mcdunnoughi

represents melanifusism and is illustrated with its description.

Classification: albifusism; change of pattern, well developed

degree, beneath especially.

Holotype $ ; expanse 43 mm., near McMinnville, Yamhill

County, Oregon, May 29, 1931. Named after Mr. K. M.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Fender of that city, who recently published a list of local

Oregon butterflies. Type in author’s collection.

Euphydryas chalcedona Dbldy. and Hew., race per dice as Edw.,

tr. f. svihlce, new

Having the white elongated and fused spotting through the

interspaces on both upper and under sides of both wings

after the fashion of chalcedona fusimacula Barnes. Nigrisuper-

nipennis Gun. represents melanifusism as illustrated with its

description. Classification : albifusism ; change of pattern, a

well developed specimen, but not quite final.

Holotype 2 ; expanse 50 mm., Hurricane Hill, Olympic

Mountains, Washington, July 6, 1931. Named after Mrs. Ruth

Dowell Svihla of Pullman, Washington. Type in author’s col-

lection. The Olympic Mountain perdiceas are very typical and

match Holland’s new illustrations in his Revised Edition of

the Butterfly Book. I was particularly glad to get a series of

Mrs. Sivhla’s specimens from that near-type locality.

Euphydryas chalcedona Dbldy and Hew., race quino Behr,

tr. f. hennei, new

Elongated white spotting through the interspaces as in

chalcedona fusimacula Barnes. Classification : albifusism ;

change of pattern, fairly well developed only, primaries

especially.

Holotype 2 ; expanse 40 mm., Chino Canyon, Palm Springs,

California, April 14, 1930. Named after Mr. Chris Henne of

Pasadena, California. Type in author’s collection.

Euphydryas anicia Dbldy and Hew., tr. f. mayi, new

Upper side having an outer marginal double-width border

of red spots on both wings with balance of wings jet black,

except the two red cell spots as usual on both wings. Under

sides a solid red color on both wings except for faint transverse

black lines through discal areas, marking an obscure former

black maculation. A beautiful specimen looking like the colored

illustration of the type of editha beani blackmorei Gun. Classi-

fication : melanifusism; change of pattern, a practically final

grade of development.

Holotype $ ; expanse 37 mm., Banff, Alberta, Canada,

January, 1932] gunder — new butterflies

127

July 4, 1930. Taken by that ardent collector, Mr. J. F. May,

of Kelwood, Manitoba, Canada. Type in author’s collection.

Euphydryas anicia Dbldy. and Hew., race hermosa Wri.,

tr. f. venusta, new

As in race maria Skin. tr. f. skinneri Gun. which is illus-

trated with its description, this transition form has the white

streaked spotting through the interspaces more noticeable on

both upper and under sides of the primaries. Classification :

albifusism; change of pattern, primaries developed to a greater

extent.

Holotype 2 ; expanse 50 mm., Cottonwood Canyon, above

Roosevelt Camp, Roosevelt Dam, Arizona, July 29, 1930.

Collected by Mr. Frank Morand of Los Angeles. Type in

author’s collection.

Plebeius aquilo Bdv., tr. f. kohlsaati, new

Having the submarginal row of five or six black spots elon-

gated inwardly into long, dart-shaped points on the under side

of the primaries. The under side of the secondaries having the

white maculation slightly elongated inwardly also. Upper sides

as usual. Classification : melanifusism ; change of pattern,

probably about final.

Holotype $ ; expanse 23 mm., Mt. McKinley National

Park, Alaska, July 29, 1930. Collected by Mr. Frank Morand

of Los Angeles and named after Mr. John E. C. Kohlsaat of

Carpenteria, California. Type in author’s collection.

Plebeius scepiolus Bdv., tr. f. boharti, new

Lacking all the usual spotting on the under sides except

outer marginal row on both wings. Usual lunate cell spots in

evidence. Upper sides as usual. Tr. f. leussleri Gun. represents

melanifusism or the elongation of the black spotting, while this

name represents lack of maculation, which is the opposite con-

dition. These are the two and possibly only kinds of change

of pattern transition forms to be found in the Lycaeninae. Classi-

fication : immaculism ; change of pattern, final grade in type.

Holotype $ ; expanse 26 mm., Yosemite National Park,

California, July 24, 1931. Collected by and named after

Mr. R. M. Bohart of Berkeley, California. Type in author’s

collection.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

THE GENUS ENDEODES LECONTE

(Coleoptera, Melyridae)

BY R. E. BLACKWELDER

Stanford University, California

The insect fauna of the inter-tidal area of the Pacific Coast

has received little attention by entomologists, though it presents

many features of exceptional interest. In the Coleoptera

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke has described three new inter-tidal species

from our coast representing three families. 1 Messrs. Ferris and

Chamberlin have treated our species of Liparocephalus and

Diaulota, 2 and Saunders 3 has reported the general habits of

two of these. The present paper records a genus which, though

originally described from the seashore, has never been reported

as inter-tidal. The family Melyridae is quite generally found on

flowers, but this genus, Endeodes LeConte, is found only in the

rubbish on the beaches of our coast.

Two species of Endeodes were first described by LeConte

from San Diego and one from San Francisco and they were

placed in the European genus Atelestus Erichson. Later

LeConte recognized and named the genus Endeodes for his

three American species. Since then nothing has been added

to the knowledge of the genus. Two new species are here re-

corded, bringing the total to five.

The species fall readily into two groups, probably not

deserving of subgeneric rank. The species basalis and abdom-

inalis belong to one group, and the species insularis, collaris and

rugiceps belong to the other, as indicated by the elytra, geni-

talia, and shape of the prothorax (Fig. 3).

As far as I can learn, all other persons who have collected

these beetles have taken it for granted that they live under

rubbish on the beach above high tide mark. With few excep-

tions, the sixty specimens I have collected, from San Francisco

to San Diego, have been found near high tide mark but defi-

1 Van Dyke, E. C. New Inter-Tidal Rock Dwelling Coleoptera from

California, Ent. News, XXIX, 303-308, 1918.

2 Chamberlin, J. C., and Ferris, G. F. On Liparocephalus and Allied

Genera, Pan-Pac. Ent., V, 137-143, 153-162, 1929.

3 Saunders, L. G. Some Marine Insects of the Pacific Coast of Canada,

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXI, 521-545, 1928.

January, 1932] black welder — en deodes

129

nitely in the damp areas wet regularly by high tides. They

were all found under rubbish, especially boards.

Figure 1. Endeodes collaris (LeConte); A, female, outline of

body, vesicles extended, setse omitted; C, first abdominal spiracle;

D, details of meso- and metathorax, elytra and legs removed; E,

spermatheca. Endeodes basalis (LeConte) ; B, female, outline.

130 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee and Mr. J. O. Martin of the Califor-

nia Academy of Sciences have greatly aided me by the loan of

material and by other kindnesses, and Drs. E. C. Van Dyke

and F. E. Blaisdell, Sr., have very kindly given permission for

me to use the specimens in their collections. Professor G. F.

Ferris of Stanford University has been very liberal with his

help and advice, and has discussed with me many of the prob-

lems of morphology, interpretations, et cetera.

Endeodes is a genus of Melyridae referable to the subfamily

Malachiinse and therefore characterized by the presence of

extensile membranous vesicles on the prothorax and between

the metathorax and the abdomen. It is distinguished from the

other genera of the sub-family by the following characters:

Wings completely lacking ; elytra not exceeding one-half the

length of the abdomen; antennae 1 1 -segmented ; tarsi 5-seg-

mented in both sexes, second segment of the fore tarsi of the

male expanded and prolonged over the third segment and ter-

minated by a comb of stout, black setae.

Type of the genus, Atelestus basalis LeConte. The type

specimen is in the LeConte Collection in the Museum of Com-

parative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts, along with the

types of the other two species of LeConte.

Since the characters of this genus have never been published,

some of the outstanding features are included here. The gen-

eral form (Fig. 1 A, B) and appearance is very similar to that

of the Staphylinidae.

The head is strongly depressed and nearly round. The antennse

(Fig. 2 A) are 11-segmented, in contrast to the ten segments found

in certain other genera, but present no features of special interest,

there being none of the secondary sexual modifications found in the

related genus Collops. The labrum is broadly oval and distinct from

the clypeus, which is likewise distinctly separated from the front.

The mandibles (Fig. 2 E) are stout and strongly two-toothed, with

a small membranous lobe or prostheca at the base of the inner face.

The maxilla (Fig. 2 C) consists of two flat lobes, the lacinia and

galea, the latter consisting of two flat segments, the maxillary palpi

are four-segmented. The labium (Fig. 2 D) is small, the mentum

quadrate, the prementum not separated from the ligula or the palpi-

gers, the labial palpi three-segmented.

The prothorax varies considerably in form (Fig. 3 M, N, O, P),

the sides of the pronotum not margined, but sometimes deflexed.

January, 1932] black welder — endeodes

131

The prosternum is short, not separating the coxae, but with extensile

membranous vesicles issuing from a slit on each side near the an-

terior angles. The coxal cavities are large, confluent and open

behind. The mesosternum is short, not separating the coxae, with

the episterna attaining the coxae. The metasternum is short, very

slightly prolonged between the posterior coxae and more or less

notched at tip. The mesothoracic and metathoracic spiracles are

present though small, the former being in the membrane between the

mesothorax and the prothorax and drawn up inside the prothorax.

The elytra are variable in size and shape (Fig. 3 I, J, K, L), but are

never more than half as long as the abdomen and always meet down

Figure 2. Endeodes collaris (LeConte) ; A, antenna; B, ventral

aspect of head; C, details of maxilla; D, details of labium; E, mandi-

ble, showing membranous lobe; F, anterior tarsus of male, with comb

of setae; G, anterior tarsus of female; H, detail of claw, showing

membranous appendage; I, details of tip of female genitalia; J,

female genitalia.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

the center for at least part of their length. They are coarsely punc-

tate with the surface irregularly channeled between the punctures.

The hind wings are entirely absent. The legs (Fig. 2 F, G) are

moderately long and slender; the coxse large, prominent and conical;

the trochanters are distinct; tibiae without distinct spurs; anterior

tarsi of male with the second segment prolonged in a curved lobe

over the third and the base of the fourth, the lobe bearing a comb

of stout setse around its terminal edge; middle and posterior tarsi

of male and all tarsi of female normal, each segment prolonged

slightly under the base of the next, and decreasing in size from the

first to the fourth segment, the fifth being at least as long as the

third and fourth together. The claws (Fig. 2 H) are small, each

bearing a large inferior membranous appendage.

The abdomen, exclusive of the genitalia, consists of eight seg-

ments, only six ventral segments being visible. Seven pairs of

abdominal spiracles are present (Fig. 1 C), the first pair not enlarged.

They are situated in the membranes between the tergites and the

sternites, no paratergites (pleurites) being present. The vesicles of

the abdomen (Fig. 1 A) arise from the same region between the

first and second and the second and third segments. The genitalia

of the male (Fig. 3 A, B, D, E, F) consist of a long and tubular

median lobe and a tegmen forming a cap-piece on the dorsal face,

the basal angles meeting together beneath the median lobe, forming

a ring; the central part of the cap-piece is membranous; and the tip

of the median lobe is armed with very fine recurved spines (Fig. 3 C).

The genitalia of the female (Fig. 3 J) have two small styli borne

on the end of the coxite, which shows apparent secondary division;

each valvifer is reduced to a long baculum articulating with a short

baculum in the base of the coxite (Fig. 3 I); the paraproct is also

reduced to a baculum. A spermatheca is present in the females in

the form of a long tube (Fig. 1 E). The pygidium of the female

(Fig. 3 G, H) varies slightly in form and in the extent of the sternal

area.

The new species E. rugiceps Blackwelder differs from

E. collaris (LeConte) chiefly in color. But color seems to be

very constant in all the species and is the easiest character for

separating them. It can be used either for dried specimens or

for those cleared and mounted on slides.

Key to the Species of Endeodes

1. Elytra nearly half as long as abdomen, black with base pale 2

Elytra much less than half as long as abdomen; of one color

throughout 3

2. Abdomen yellow or fuscous basalis

Abdomen black abdominalis

3. Legs, antennse, and mouthparts darker than thorax 4

Legs, antennse, and mouthparts pale insularis

January, 1932] blackwelder — endeodes

133

Figure 3. Endeodes abdominalis (LeConte); A, ventral aspect of

male genitalia; K, left elytron of male; N, ventral aspect of pro-

thorax, legs removed. Endeodes basalts (LeConte); E, lateral aspect

of male genitalia; L, left elytron of female; O, ventral aspect of pro-

thorax, legs removed. Endeodes insularis Blackwelder; F, lateral

aspect of male genitalia; J, left elytron of male; P, ventral aspect

of prothorax. Endeodes collaris (LeConte); B, ventral aspect of male

genitalia; H, ventral aspect of pygidium of female; I, left elytron

of male; M, ventral aspect of prothorax. Endeodes rugiceps Black-

welder; G, ventral aspect of pygidium of female.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

4. Head black ... collaris

Head reddish.... rugiceps

Endeodes basalis (Lee.)

Fig. 1 B. Entire body pale; elytra black with a small reddish

patch at the base. Head round, prothorax about as long as wide

(Fig. 3 O). Elytra (Fig. 3 L) nearly half as long as the abdomen,

becoming wider from base toward apex, and meeting down the center

for most of their length. Median lobe of male genitalia large and

thick (Fig. 3 E), the tegmen broad, but only about one-third as long

as the median lobe. Length 3-5 mm.

This species is the type of the genus and is the smallest

member, the average being somewhat less than abdominalis or

insularis. May be known from all the others by its yellow or

reddish abdomen. Taken in San Diego, Ventura, and San Luis

Obispo Counties, California.

Endeodes abdominalis (Lee.)

Body black, with the head, prothorax, scutellum, and base of

elytra ferruginous. Prothorax much wider near apex than at base

(Fig. 3 N). Elytra (Fig. 3 K) nearly as long as the abdomen and

more expanding apically than in basalis. Male genitalia (Fig. 3 A)

with large, thick median lobe, and broad tegmen nearly one-half as

long as the median lobe. Length 3-6 mm.

May be distinguished by its red head and red basal portion

of elytra with abdomen black. Taken in San Diego, Los An-

geles, Ventura and San Luis Obispo Counties, California.

Endeodes insularis Blackwelder, n. sp.

Head nearly equilateral, reddish. Prothorax reddish, decidedly

wider than long (Fig. 3 P). Elytra entirely reddish, one-third the

length of the abdomen or less (Fig. 3 J), and meeting down the

center for about half their length. Median lobe of male genitalia

long and very slender; the tegmen very large and wide, over half

as long as median lobe and almost completely surrounding it for

one-quarter of its length (Fig. 3 F). Length 3-6 mm.

Holotype, female, (No. 3610, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), col-

lected by V. W. Owen, June 20, 1910, on San Miguel Island,

California. Allotype, male, same data, author’s collection.

Paratypes, six females and three males, same data, and one

January, 1932] black welder — endeodes

135

male from Prince Island, California, collected by E. P. Van

Duzee, June 29, 1919.

Distinguished by its black elytra and pale legs.

Endeodes collaris (Lee.)

Fig. 1 A. Body entirely black except for the prothorax. Head

(to base of labrum) shorter than wide; prothorax decidedly wider

than long, rectangular (Fig. 3 M). Elytra (Fig. 3 I) black, less than

one-third the length of the abdomen, and not meeting along the

center except just behind the black scutellum. Pygidium of female

rounded behind, not distinctly emarginate (Fig. 3 H). Genitalia of

male rather slender, median lobe not expanded, tegmen rather narrow

but nearly half as long as the median lobe (Fig. 3 B, D). Length

5-7 mm.

This is our commonest species. It is distinguished by its

black head and dark legs. It is common from Monterey County

to Marin County in California, and has been found in Wash-

ington.

Endeodes rugiceps Blackwelder, n. sp.

Head almost entirely reddish; the elytra reddish and the pygidium

of the female broadly emarginate behind (Fig. 3 G). Elytra, pro-

thorax, and male genitalia as in collaris. Length 5-8 mm.

Holotype, female, (No. 3611, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), col-

lected by L. S. Slevin, March 25, 1923, at Carmel, Monterey

County, California. Allotype, male, taken by the author at San

Remo Beach, fifteen miles south of Carmel, California, July 24,

1931, in the author’s collection. Paratypes, nine females and

four males, from Monterey County and Point Loma, San Diego

County, California.

This species resembles collaris closely, but may be known

at once by its red head. It is apparently rather rare on beaches

in Monterey County, California. There is one specimen

labelled Point Loma, San Diego County, California, in the

Van Dyke collection.

Bibliography

Endeodes Lee.

LeConte, Arcana Naturae, p. 122, 1859.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 112, 1872.

LeConte and Horn, Class. Col. No. Am., p. 214, 1883.

Endeodes basalis (LeConte), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 168,

1852 (Atelestus).

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

LeConte, Arcana Naturae, p. 122, 1859.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 112, 1872.

Endeodes abdominalis (LeConte), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI,

168, 1852 (Atelestus).

LeConte, Arcana Naturae, p. 122, 1859.

Lacordaire, Gen. Col., IV, p. 394.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 112, 1872.

Endeodes insularis Blackwelder, new species.

Endeodes collaris (LeConte), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, 168,

1852 (Atelestus).

LeConte, Arcana Naturae, p. 122, 1859.

Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 112, 1872.

Endeodes rugiceps Blackwelder, new species.

A New Work on the Elaterhle

The California Academy of Sciences recently has published

an important entomological paper by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke on

the North American Elateridae. 1 In this work of 175 pages Dr.

Van Dyke has characterized one new genus, sixty-six new

species and twelve new subspecies or varieties. It is principally

a treatise on eleven genera, including some of the larger and

more obscure of those found north of Mexico. For each of

these genera the author has given us a key to the species, a

synonymical catalogue of the species with references to the

literature, descriptions of such new species as were available to

him, and critical notes on many of the more obscure forms.

The genera so treated are: Conoderes, Elater (in part), Mega-

penthes , Anchastus, Limonius, Elathous, Athous, Ludius, Euthy-

sanius, Plastocerus and Aplastus. The new genus is Paroe-

dostethus, related to Hypnoidus, with one new species. Certain

other genera are treated more or less briefly.

For many years Dr. Van Dyke has given this family of

beetles special attention so he not only had a great amount of

material before him, but, what was of equal importance, he

had the background of field experience by which to judge of

toxonomic values, the results of which are given us in these

pages. Altogether it is one of the most valuable contributions

to a knowledge of our North American Coleoptera that has

appeared in a long time. — E. P. Van Duzee.

i Miscellaneous studies in the Elateridae and related families of the

Coleoptera. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4,

Vol. XX, No. 9, pp. 291-465, March 3, 1932. Price $1. For sale by the

Academy.

January, 1932] chamberlin — cheiridiodea

137

ON SOME FALSE SCORPIONS OF THE SUPER-

FAMILY CHEIRIDIOIDEA

(Arachnida, Chelonethida)

JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

Twin Falls, Idaho

The following report is designed to consider the material

available to me pertaining to the super family in question in the

same synoptic way as has previously been done for the sub-

orders Heterosphyronida and Diplosphyronida and for the

families of the Monosphyronida as a whole to which the present

group pertains. The terminology employed is that previously

elucidated and illustrated by the writer (Chamberlin, 1929,

1930 and 1931).

Superfamily Cheiridioidea Chamberlin

Family Pseudocheiridihle Chamberlin

Remarks. Includes only the type genus.

Genus Pseudocheiridium With

1906. Pseudocheiridium. With, pp. 199-201.

Remarks. The three species at present pertaining to this

genus may be separated by means of the following key (based

upon the literature only). The species traghardi of Tullgren

may possibly represent a distinct genus.

1. Femur 3.0 times longer than broad; hand subequal to, or

slightly shorter than the fingers; from South Africa

traghardi Tullgren (1907, p. 225)

Femur 2.6 times longer than broad; hand distinctly much longer

than fingers (1.4 to 1.5 times); from Asiatic region 2

2. Median transverse groove of carapace recurved; posterior

process or heel of trochanter rounded; hand 1.6 times longer

than broad; from the Nicobars thorelli With (1906, p. 200)

Median transverse groove of carapace straight; heel of tro-

chanter triangular and pointed; hand 1.9 times longer than

broad; from Burma clavigerum Thorell (1889, p. 591)

Family Cheiridiid.e Chamberlin

Genus Cheiridium Menge

Cheiridium museorum (Leach)

Material examined. One $ ( JC-609. 01001 ) labeled simply

“trouve sur un Polycaon. Chilien ? (15502).” Collections of

the Paris Museum.

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Genus Cryptocheiridium Chamberlin

Remarks. The two species referred to this genus by Cham-

berlin (1931) may be separated by means of the following key

(based on the literature).

1. Coxae of legs IV laterally indented; first six tergites with mar-

ginal teeth; from South Africa

subtropicum (Tullgren) (1907, p. 218)

Coxae of legs IV not laterally indented; first five tergites with

marginal teeth; from Formosa

formosanum (Ellingsen) (1912, p. 123)

Genus Apocheiridium Chamberlin

Remarks. This group now includes some six species which

may be separated by means of the following key. The addition

of a species from the Philippine Islands adds greatly to the

already large geographical territory ranged by members of this

genus.

1. Chela not more than five times as long as width of tibia, gener-

ally considerably less; tibia at most not more than 3.2 or

3.3 times as long as broad 2

Chela about 5.5 times as long as width of tibia; tibia 3.6 times

as long as greatest breadth (<$, 1.35 mm. long; from Utah

and Idaho) mormon Chamberlin

2. Chela about 3.6 to 3.7 times as long as tibial breadth; palps

smoothly granulate, with no larger tubercles except for 2-3

on the femoral angle; tibia 2.5 times as long as broad; from

the Philippine Islands eruditum sp. nov.

Chela at least 4.5 times as long as tibial breadth; palps with at

least a few larger granules aside from those occurring on the

femoral angle; tibia 2.7 or more times as long as broad 3

3. Tibia 3. 1-3. 2 times as long as broad; trochanter about 1.7 times

as long as broad; palps with larger granules either relatively

small and inconspicuous or else moderately prominent but

sparse 4

Tibia 2.7-3. 0 times as long as broad; trochanter 1.4-1. 5 times

as long as broad; palps everywhere thickly beset by large

tooth-like granules 5

4. Femur 3. 8-3. 9 times as long as broad; chela 4. 5-4. 6 times as long

as tibial breadth; from South Africa. chamberlini Godfrey

Femur 4. 3-4. 4 times as long as broad; chela 4.8-4.9 times as long

as tibial breadth; from southern California.. ..inexpectum sp. nov.

5. Femur 3.7-3.8 times as long as broad; tibia three times as long

as broad; chela 3. 1-3. 2 times as long as broad; length 1.4-1. 6

mm.; from. California ferumoides Chamberlin

Femur 4.1 times as long as broad; tibia 2.7 times as long as

broad; chela 3.5 times as long as broad; length about 1. 0-1.1

mm.; from France ferum (Simon)

January, 1932] Chamberlin — cheiridiodea

139

Apocheiridium ferumoides Chamberlin

Remarks. In addition to material previously recorded I

have at hand a collection of 125 specimens of this species taken

at Atherton, California (JC-391.03 and 713.01). Some cast

skins (JC-401 .0200 1-4) taken from moulting nests under the

bark of a decaying log of white oak ( Quercus lobata ) near

Lakeport, California, apparently also represent this species.

It is probable that the specimen from Mulege, Lower Cali-

fornia, previously noted (Chamberlin, 1924, p. 35) under this

species, more likely pertains to A. inexpectum sp. nov. (q. v.).

Apocheiridium chamberlini Godfrey

1924. Apocheiridium unnamed sp. nov. Chamberlin, pp. 35 and 37.

1927. Apocheiridium chamberlini Godfrey, p. 17.

Remarks. This South African species was given its name

by Godfrey in a passing reference to the description by Cham-

berlin (t. c.). It is easily separable from the other members

of the genus by the characters noted in the key.

Apocheiridium eruditum sp. nov.

Holotype, 9 (JC-545.01001). Collected by Dr. C. F. Baker

“among papers” at Los Banos, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stanford University collections.

Diagnosis. Palps relatively stout, in general appearance quite

similar to those of A. ferumoides but somewhat more robust; chela

turbinate but more greatly swollen interiorly than exteriorly; the

posterior femoral angle scarcely as pronounced as in ferumoides ;

femur 3. 5-3. 6 times as long as broad and 1.15 times as long as tibia;

tibia 2.6 times as long as broad and nearly 1.4 times as long as

hand; chela 2.9 times as long as broad; fingers perhaps slightly

longer but very close to the same length as the hand; femur with a

gentle but distinct concavity distally and proximally on its anterior

contour; palps evenly granulate and almost totally (except for two or

three on the femoral angle) without the larger tooth-like granules

so characteristic of ferumoides, ferum and mormon. Small species, the

$ measuring 0.95 mm.

Remarks. This small species seems most nearly related to

chamberlini of South Africa, but differs in the distinctly more

robust palps. This is the smallest representative of the genus

thus far known and indeed is one of the smallest of all false

scorpions.

Apocheiridium inexpectum sp. nov.

Holotype, $ (JC-548.01001) ; allotype $ (JC- 548.01002) ;

paratopotypes 60 $ , $ and O (JC-548.01003-62) all taken

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

from under the bark of Eucalyptus globulus (Blue Gum) at

Beaumont, Riverside County, California. Collected by the

author, November 11, 1925. Paratypes, 58 $ , $ and O (JC-

546.01001-58) taken under the bark flakes of sycamore trees

near the Citrus Experiment Station (Box Springs Grade)

Riverside, California. Collected by the author, November 26,

1925.

Additional material. Some cast skins (JC-534.01001-7)

taken by the author from moulting nests under mesquite bark

between Palm Springs and Indio, California, April 5, 1925,

probably pertain to this species as does a single immature speci-

men presumably collected at Mulege, Lower California, and

previously recorded under A. ferumoides (Chamberlin, 1924,

p. 35).

Diagnosis. A markedly smaller species than either ferumoides or

mormon, the only other western American representatives of the

genus thus far known. It reaches a length of 0. 9-1.1 mm. as com-

pared with the 1.4-1. 6 mm. for the latter two species. Palps dis-

tinctly more slender than in ferumoides, but plainly stouter than in

mormon; trochanter 1.7 times as long as broad; femur 3. 8-3. 9 times

as long as broad; tibia 3.2 times as long as broad; chela 3.5 times as

long as broad; hand and fingers nearly equal in length; chela 4. 8-4. 9

times as long as breadth of tibia; tibia 2.7-2.8 times as long as breadth

of trochanter. The chela, unlike the case with either mormon or feru-

moides, is markedly more swollen interiorly than exteriorly, a charac-

teristic in which it agrees with chamberlini and eruditum; the palps

are granulate, with fairly numerous but relatively inconspicuous

larger granules, in which feature again it differs from ferum, feru-

moides, and mormon. The general appearance is thoroughly typical

of the genus.

Remarks. When originally collected this species was

thought to be ferumoides and its specific distinctness was only

recognized much later.

Family Sternophorhle Chamberlin

Genus Sternophorus Chamberlin

Remarks. Of the four species here recorded, only sini, the

genotype, has thus far been described. These four species, in

spite of their large and discontinuous distribution, are so ex-

tremely close in superficial morphological structure that it is

difficult to find characters that are sufficiently marked to permit

their easy separation. The following key includes most of the

important taxonomic criteria thus far ascertained.

January, 1932] Chamberlin — cheiridiodea

141

The term ‘Teel” of the trochanter requires some clarifica-

tion. It is employed herein to mean the posterior protuberance

of the trochanter which, in members of this genus, is often pro-

nouncedly elongate and with a straight or nearly straight pos-

terior contour. Its length is measured from the pedicel at the

point where the swelling of the heel begins to the trochantero-

femoral condyle.

1. Hand 2.8 times as long as tibial breadth; femur 3.0 times as

long as broad; tibia 2.8 times as long as broad; fourth pedal

tibia 3.5 times as long as broad; heel of trochanter nearly

twice as long as breadth of chela; large species from the

west coast of Mexico, the male measuring 3.7 mm. long

ferrisi sp. nov.

Hand 2.3 or less times as long as tibial breadth; femur 2.8 or

less times as long as broad; tibia 2.3 or less times as long as

broad; fourth pedal tibia 3.2 or less times as long as broad;

heel of trochanter subequal to or less than breadth of chela

in length; smaller species only rare individuals (occasional

females of sini) attaining a length greater than 2.5 mm 2

2. Chela about three times as long as broad; femur 2.3 times as

long as broad; tibia 2.5 times as long as heel of trochanter,

which is much shorter than the breadth of the chela (about

0.7 as long) ; Australian species, the male measuring about

1.9 mm. long hirsti sp. nov.

Chela plainly more than three times as long as broad, generally

3. 4-3. 6 times as great; femur 2. 5-2. 8 times as long as broad;

tibia 2.0 or less times as long as the heel of the trochanter;

heel of trochanter subequal in length to breadth of chela,

never more than slightly greater or smaller; North Ameri-

can species 3

3. Heel of trochanter 1.1 or less times as long as breadth of femur;

femur slightly but distinctly broader than tibia; chela about

four times as long as broad (male) ; fourth pedal tibia 2.6

times as long as broad; median cribriform plates of female

smoothly ovate and no larger or more conspicuous than the

anterior spiracular guard sclerites; palpal femur strongly

swollen basally, subequal in breadth to that of chela; small

species (expanded male 1.7 mm., female barely 2.0 mm.),

from southeastern United States paludis sp. nov.

Heel of trochanter 1.3 times as long as breadth of femur; femur

and tibia subequal in breadth; chela 3. 5-3. 6 times as long as

broad; fourth pedal tibia 3.0 to 3.2 times as long as broad;

median cribriform plates of female conspicuous, larger than

guard sclerites of anterior spiracles and provided at either

end of their major axis with a prominent sclerotic spur;

palpal femur less swollen basally than in paludis, plainly

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

narrower than chela; larger species, expanded female speci-

mens measuring 2.5-3. 5 mm. long; from the region of the

Gulf of California sini Chamberlin

Sternophorus sini Chamberlin

Material examined. Owing to an editorial oversight, the

only locality recorded for this species in the original description

(Chamberlin, 1923, p. 371) was the type locality. The follow-

ing localities (all in Mexico) were actually represented by one

or more specimens at the time. All collections were by the

author. No additional material has since come to hand.

Sonora; San Carlos Bay (JC-687.02) ; San Pedro Bay

(JC-177.02).

Islands of the Gulf of California: Angel de la Guardia,

(Palm Canyon) (JC-167.02) ; Carmen Island, (Puerto Bel-

landra) (JC-130.03), Marquer Bay (JC-156.03) ; San Josef

Island, (Lagoon at north end) (JC- 174.04) ; Tiburon Island,

(Monument Point, type locality) (JC-183.02), (Willards

Point) (JC-344.03) ; Espiritu Santo Island, (San Gabriel Bay)

(JC-361.03).

Lower California: Los Angeles Bay, (Palm Wells) (JC-

119.03) ; Puerto Escondido (JC-129.02) ; Concepcion Bay,

(Coyote Bay) (JC-181.02), (Point Guadalupe) (JC-366.02) ;

Point Santa Antonita (JC-367.02) ; San Evaristo Bay (JC-

369.03) ; Los Animas Bay (JC-714.01) ; Cuesta Blanca, (near

Loreto) (JC-144.02) ; Agua Verde Bay (JC-182.03).

Sternophorus paludis, sp. nov.

Holotype, $ ( JC-725.01001 ), Alachua County, Florida.

Collected March 30, 1925, by Prof. T. H. Hubbell. Allotype,

$ ( JC-43. 02001 ), Okefinokee Swamp (Billy’s Island), Georgia.

Collected by Prof. C. R. Crosby. Cornell University collection.

Diagnosis. Very close to sini Chamberlin, but the palps are some-

what more robust. The points in which the palpal proportions differ

have already been noted in the preceding key to the species. In

addition it may be noted that in the male at least the anterior femoral

margin shows a number of larger granules (not conspicuous) which

do not occur in sini. The species, however, is most easily sepa-

rated from sini by its small size and geographical range. The male

genitalia is of the same type as occurs in sini, but differs in as

yet unelucidated details. In the female the most important differ-

ence is found in the inconspicuous unspurred median cribriform

January, 1932] Chamberlin — cheiridiodea

143

plates. The following palpal proportions are from the male (the allo-

type was treated in toto in caustic potash, and as a result the palpal

form unfortunately became somewhat distorted). Trochanter 2.0

times as long as broad; femur 2.7 times as long as broad; tibia

2.4 times as long as broad; chela 4.0 times as long as broad; hand

slightly longer than the fingers and subequal in length to the tibia.

Length of fully expanded male 1.7 mm., female 2.0 mm.

Sternophorus ferrisi sp. nov.

Holotype $ , (JC-275. 01001 ), State of Michoacan, Mexico.

Precise date and locality unknown. Collected under the bark of

a tree by Prof. G. F. Ferris. I take pleasure in dedicating this

splendid species to its discoverer.

Diagnosis. Although quite distinct from the other species of the

genus, this form is nevertheless quite closely related to sini. The

male genitalic structures differ, in details not yet entirely worked out,

from sini and other species of the genus. The preceding key includes

all the important discriminatory criteria yet ascertained. The large

size and excessive elongation of the heel of the trochanter are per-

haps the most distinctive features of this species. The following

palpal proportions should be of supplementary value. Trochanter

2.1 times as long as broad; femur 3.0 times as long as broad; tibia

2.8 times as long as broad; chela 4.0 times as long as broad; hand

distinctly longer than fingers and only slightly shorter than the tibia.

The fully expanded male measures 3.7 mm. long.

Sternophorus hirsti sp. nov.

Holotype $, ( JC-480.01001 ) collected by F. S. Hirst on

the Barringun frontier between New South Wales and Queens-

land, Australia. I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species

to its discoverer, Dr. F. S. Hirst.

Diagnosis. In spite of its great and apparently remarkable geo-

graphical discontinuity with other members of the genus, this species

is yet very close to the American forms in most of its morphological

details. All the important diagnostic criteria thus far ascertained are

incorporated in the preceding key. Perhaps the most characteristic

feature of the species lies in the unusual shortness of the heel of the

trochanter as compared with that of the American species. The male

genitalia seems to show some differences, but they are not especially

marked. The following palpal proportions should be of supplemen-

tary value. Trochanter 1.8 times as long as broad; femur 2.3 times

as long as broad; tibia 1. 9-2.0 times as long as broad; chela 3.0 times

as long as broad; fingers and hand subequal in length and somewhat

shorter than the tibia. Small species, the fully expanded male

measuring 1.9 mm. long.

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO.. 3

List of Publications Cited in the Text

Chamberlin, Joseph C. 1923. New and little known pseudoscor-

pions, principally from the islands and adjacent shores of the

Gulf of California. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4:12: (17) :353-387.

1924. The Cheiridiinas of North America. Pan-Pac. Ent., 1:32-40.

1929. A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-

spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same.

Part I. Heterosphyronida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10:4:50-80.

1930. A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-

spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same.

Part II. Diplosphyronida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10:5:1-48,

585-620.

1931. The Arachnid Order Chelonethida. Stanford Univ. Publ.,

Univ. Ser., Biol. Sci., Vol. VII, No. 1, pp. 1-284.

Ellingsen, Edvard. 1912. Pseudoscorpions from Formosa. I.

Meddels. Norske Ent. Forren., No. 6, 121-28.

Godfrey, Rev. Robert. 1927. The false scorpions of Lovedale.

South African Outlook (January), pp. 17-18.

Thorell, Tamerlan. 1889. Aracnidi Artogastri Birmani raccolti da

L. Fea nel 1885-87. Ann. Museo Civ. st. nat. di Genova, Ser.

2:7:521-729.

Tullgren, Albert. 1907. Chelonethiden aus Natal und Zululand.

Zoologiska Studier tillagnade Prof. T. Tullberg, 216-236.

With, Carl. 1906. Chelonethi. Kgl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., Copen-

hagen, Ser. 7:3:1-214.

An Important Work on the Pseudoscorpions

The entomologist generally finds his own field so engrossing

that he rarely has time to give much thought to the spiders.

However, the order Chelonethida, or pseudoscorpions, seems

almost like a connecting link between the spiders and insects

and they often attract the attention of the entomologist. One

of our younger workers, Dr. Joseph C. Chamberlin, developed

an interest in this order while a student at Stanford University

and has now become our leading American authority on the

group. Recently he has given us an elaborate monographic

paper, from both the morphological and systematic sides. In

the systematic portion he keys down to the genera and gives us

numerous excellent cuts, most if not all of which were drawn

by Dr. Chamberlin. With this work in hand one should be

able to place any pseudoscorpion in its correct genus. A full

bibliography and index completes the work. It is listed above

as the “Chamberlin, Joseph C., 1931” entry. — E. P. Van Duzee.

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

a taxonomic list of genera. By J. Chester Bradley, Professor

of Entomology in Cornell University. Limited edition. Litho-

printed. xvi, 360 pp. Buckram, $6. Pressboard, $5.

Daw, Illston & Co., 526d West Clinton Street,

Ithaca, New York

Publisher’s charges for reprints from the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist:

2 pages; for 100 copies $5.50; for each additional 100, $1.25

4 pages; for 100 copies $7.50; for each additional 100, $2.50

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Vol. VIII

No. 4

April, 1932

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in cooperation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

USINGER, R. L. MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE HENICOCEPHALHUE . . 145

DRAKE, C. J., AND HARRIS, H. M. AN UNDESCRIBED WATER-STRIDER FROM

HONDURAS 157

GUNDER, J. D. A NEW BUTTERFLY RECORD FOR CALIFORNIA 158

FALL, H. C. DIPHYLLOSTOMA : A THIRD SPECIES 159

COCKERELL, T. D. A. THE VESPULA MARGINATA OF KIRBY 161

ESSIG, E. O. THE CALIFORNIA SALMON FLY . . 162

BEQUAERT, J. A NEW SUBSPECIES OF TRICHOPHTH ALM A FROM WESTERN

AUSTRALIA 163

FELT, E. P. A NEW PREDACEOUS GALL MIDGE FOR CALIFORNIA .... 167

MARTIN, J. O. A NEW CALIFORNIA EPICAUTA 169

STERNITZKY, R. F. A LOCALITY FOR ARGYNNIS BEHRENSII 170

BARRETT, R. E. NEW COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA 171

COCKERELL, T. D. A. BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FROM CALIFORNIA . 173

PICKENS, A. L. OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS RETICULITERM ES .... 178

ZIMMERMAN, E. C. A NEW AULETES FROM CALIFORNIA 181

BEAMER, R. H. A NEW EYRTHRONEURA 183

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY .... 185

INDEX TO VOLUME VIII 191

San Francisco, California

1932

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. VIII, No. 4 April, 1932

MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES IN THE

HENICOCEPHALIDiE

(Hemiptera)

BY R. L. USINGER

Oakland, California

The family Henicocephalidse is one of the smaller families

of the Hemiptera comprising some seventy-two species, both

fossil and living. It has been placed in the first phalanx of the

great predaceous superfamily Reduvioidese. The group seems

to be very primitive and is cosmopolitan in its distribution, being

found on all of the main continents and on the major island

groups with the exception of the Hawaiian Islands. The prin-

ciple work on the group has been done by Dr. Bergroth, who

published many papers describing nearly one-third of the living

species. As early as 1893 Dr. Bergroth announced his intention

of monographing the family and it is indeed regrettable that he

was unable to do so. However, because of his familiarity with

the group, the author has followed him in matters dealing with

the validity of the genera as he had the material before him and

was much more competent to judge than others who used dif-

ferent arrangements of the genera. Other major contributions

have been made by Distant, Kirkaldy and Breddin. Bruner

(1924) gave a list of the species but listed only thirty-two of

the sixty- four living species known at that time.

The author is indebted to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of the

California Academy of Sciences for the loan of much material

from the Academy collection, including the new species here

described, as well as for his valuable aid in the preparation of

this paper; to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke of the University of Cali-

fornia for his generous assistance in many of the problems

encountered; to Dr. H. M. Harris of the Iowa State Agri-

cultural College for his comparison of one of the author’s spe-

cies with the Drake and Harris types, and to Mrs. Frieda

Abernathy for the excellent plate.

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Morphology

Specific differences in this family have been based mainly

upon the shape of the head, pronotum and legs and to some

extent upon color. To what extent these characters may be used

is difficult to determine because of the difficulty of distinguish-

ing the sexes of some species. Bergroth (1905) gives us a note

concerning the distinguishing of the sexes which is very helpful.

The author has not attempted sexual differentiation in Systel-

loderus as the genital segment in this genus apparently gives

very little indication of the sex. The three appendages referred

to by Bergroth were not observed in Systelloderus although

they were readily discernible in Henicocephalus. Numerous

and fresh examples which may be dissected are necessary to

clear up this point. According to Bergroth’s note the species

described by Kirkaldy (1908) as Henicocephalus corticicola

will probably prove to be the female of H. fungicola Kirk,

described on the same page and from the same locality.

The rostrum is very primitive in the entire group. The

labrum and maxillary palpi, of which it is composed, well indi-

cated, very distinct in the primitive genera Aenictopechys and

Aerorchestes and fused toward the base in Gamostolus. In

Systelloderus the labrum is well indicated and tumid on the

basal segment and the maxillary palpi are separated by a dis-

tinct longitudinal line apically. The rostrum is very broad at the

base and comparatively robust throughout. In Henicocephalus

[formicina (Uhl.)] the rostrum is more slender and fragile,

fused toward the base and halved by a less distinct longitudinal

line.

The wing venation has been described and figured by Kirby

(1891), Kirkaldy (1901 and 1908), Breddin (1905), and

Johannsen (1909). The author has referred to the above works

in an effort to apply the Comstock system of uniform termin-

ology to the veins and has figured the venation of the two North

American genera to aid in their separation. As the tracheation

of the wings has not been investigated the author may have

fallen into error in the naming of some of the veins, but it is

hoped that the attempt may encourage further work along this

line. Sc in figure 1 appears to be merely the subcostal fold,

but is considered here to be an indication of the subcostal vein

APRIL, 1932] USINGER HENICOCEPHALID.E

147

as it is found in another species, H. maclachlani Kirk. If this

is not true, R of figures 1 and 2 probably represents a coales-

cence of the subcosta and radius. M -(- Cu, figure 1, actually

appears double and is undoubtedly a coalescence of the media

and cubitus. The small cross vein between Aj + 2 and the inner

margin is not named but is present in most of the species figured

and in all of the species which the author has examined.

The fore legs have long been used in the classification of

this group and Bergroth (1915) speaking of some Asiatic

Henicocephalus says of the hind legs : “The shape of the hind

femora has not hitherto attracted the attention it deserves ; it

is in fact of importance as a specific character in this as well as

in other groups of the genus.”

Biology

Our rather scanty knowledge of the habits of the Henico-

cephalidas has been accumulated through scattered references

to collectors’ notes very often at the time of description of the

various species. Perhaps the most striking characteristic, as

has been noted by Blanchard (1852) for S'. moschatus Blanch.,

Berg (1879 and 1893) for H. spurcidiis Stal, Mr. Green

(Kirby 1891) for H. telescopicus (Kirby), and by many ob-

servers in the United States and Mexico for Hymenodectes

culicus Uhler = S', biceps (Say), is their habit of forming in

large swarms and dancing up and down in the sunlight in what

appears to be a nuptial flight, as they have often been taken in

copulation. Authors observing this have likened them variously

to Mosquitoes, Chironomidse, Nemocera, and Ephemeridae.

Other records of the flight of these insects are by Schouteden

(1905), who describes H. cornifrons from Belgian Congo;

Blatchley (1926), who took S'. biceps (Say) at Royal Palm

Park, Florida; and the author, who has S', biceps (Say) taken

by A. R. Park, Jr., at Urbana, Illinois, and H. formicina (Uhl.)

from Berkeley, California, all taken at light.

However, they have more often been found on the ground

under stones and debris or running among dead leaves in the

forest where they may prey upon other insects to the best

advantage. The following authors have observed this : Mr.

Gravely (Distant, 1911) for H. limbatipennis Dist. in Ceylon,

H. M. Harris (Drake and Harris, 1927) for S'. terrenus

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

D. and H. in Iowa, and many authors in the United States far

biceps (Say). Under the bark of dead trees Kirkaldy (1908)

took H. fungicola Kirk, and H. corticicola in Fiji, Barber

(in remarks after Knab, 1908) took S. biceps (Say) in Ten-

nessee and Maryland, and C. J. Drake (Drake and Harris,

1927) took inusitatus D. and H. at Woodville, Mississippi.

Of the actual predaceous habits of these insects we have

some exceedingly interesting records: Mally (1903) noted the

paralyzing effect of the bite of a South African species which

later was described (Distant, 1904) as H. pugnatorius Dist.,

F. A. Fenton (Drake and Harris, 1927) took 5'. iowensis

D. and H. in a “concentration cage” where the species was

feeding on the emerging adults of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola

destructor Say, at Onawa, Iowa. Perhaps the most interesting

along this line, however, are the records of Bergroth to myrme-

cophagous species. Bergroth (1903) describes H. braunsii

Bergr., taken by Dr. Brauns in the nest of Rhoptromyrmex

transversinodis Mayr in Cape Colony. As the ant is much

smaller than its guest and as the Henicocephali are preda-

ceous, Bergroth expresses the opinion that the species is myrme-

cophagous. Bergroth (1915a) describes still another species,

H. myrmecophilus Bergr., taken again by Dr. Brauns, also from

the Cape of Good Hope. This species was taken in the nest of

Camponotus cognatus Sm., an ant which is considerably larger

than its guest, consequently Bergroth expresses the belief that

this Henicocephalus preys upon the eggs and larvae of the ant.

Finally an interesting observation is of the musky odor

emitted by some of the species of this group. Those who have

noted this are Blanchard (1852) for 5”. moschatus Blanch,

(which was named for the above characteristic) in Chile, and

Berg (1893) for H. spur cuius Stal taken in the Garden of the

Art Gallery, Buenos Ayres. Bergroth (1915a) ventures the

opinion that H. myrmecophilus Bergr. is protected from the

attacks of the ants by this odor.

Taxonomy

Phalanx Henicocephaliformes Reuter (1910)

Rostrum four-segmented. Prosternum without a stridulatory sul-

cus. Wings totally membranous, provided with longitudinal veins

and a few transverse veinules.

APRIL, 1932]

USI N GER HEN I COCEP H ALIDA2

149

The above has been modified from Reuter (1910), who de-

scribed the rostrum as three-segmented. This phalanx may

be separated from the phalanx Reduviiformes Reut. by the

absence of the prosternal stridulatory sulcus and from the Nabi-

formes Reut. by the totally membranous wings.

Family Henicocephalid^e Stal (1860)

Head constricted behind the eyes, except in Aenictopechys Breddin,

the posterior lobe subglobose to transverse. Labrum and maxillary

palpi more or less distinct. Antennae four-segmented. Ocelli dis-

tinct, located anteriorly on the posterior lobe of the head, in bilobed

genera. Metasternal orifices wanting. Anterior legs thickened, the

tibiae dilated apically.

The above has been very much modified from Reuter (1910)

who apparently was unaware of Breddin’s work. The family

Enicocephalidae was founded by Stal (1860) for Westwood’s

genus Enicocephalus. Later Stal (1865) emended this to its

proper form Henicocephalida = Henicocephalidae and it has

been used almost universally in this form since that time. How-

ever, Van Duzee (1917), following his policy of using the origi-

nal form of a name and leaving it to the individual to accept

or reject the emendation as he wishes, revived the original form.

Several recent authors have followed this, but this author

accepts the emended form as it seems both permissible and

desirable to do so.

Key to Subfamilies

Pronotum roundly narrowing from base to apex, not divided by

two deep transverse impressions into three lobes

Aenictopechina subfam. nov.

Pronotum divided by two deep transverse impressions into three

lobes Henicocephalince Ashmead

Subfamily Aenictopechinae subfam. nov.

Pronotum roundly narrowing from base to apex, not divided

by transverse constrictions into three lobes.

Type Aenictopechys Breddin (1905)

This subfamily is proposed for the reception of Aenicto-

pechys Breddin (1905) and Gamostolus Bergroth (1927).

Neither of these genera agree with the family Henicocephalidae

as formerly understood, so the scope of the family has been

enlarged and the genera are segregated into two subfamilies,

according to whether the pronotum is trilobed or entire.

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Key to the Genera of Aenictopechin^e subfam. nov.

Head scarcely longer than wide, without a transverse impression

behind the eyes. Venation very simple, the veins not reaching

apex of wing Aenictopechys Breddin

Basal lobe of head well defined anteriorly by a transverse im-

pression. Venation as in Henicocephalus Westwood

Gamostolus Bergroth

Subfamily Henicocephalin^e Ashmead (1893)

Pronotum divided by two transverse impressions into three

lobes.

Type Henicocephalus Westwood (1837)

This subfamily is the family Henicocephalidse as treated by

most authors, and most references to the family Henicoceph-

alidse should be referred to this subfamily which was originally

proposed under the Reduviidae.

Key to the Genera of Henicocephalin^e Ashmead

1. Discal cell closed, fig. 1 (except in H. maclachlani Kirk, and

H. myrmecophilus Bergr.) As a rule larger and darker spe-

cies, strongly pilose 2

— . Discal cell open, fig. 2 3

2. Eyes normal, fairly large but not contiguous above or below

Henicocephalus Westwood

— . Eyes greatly enlarged. Contiguous both above and below

throughout all their length. Occupying almost the whole

head Codes Bergroth

3. Pronotum divided into six lobes. Fore-coxal cavities closed

behind. Intermediate and hind tarsi one-segmented

A erorchestes Bergroth

— . Pronotum divided into three lobes, sometimes appearing four-

lobed if the longitudinal impression is deep on the inter-

mediate lobe. Fore-coxal cavities open behind. Intermedi-

ate and hind tarsi two-segmented Systelloderus Blanchard

Our two North American genera are next briefly character-

ized and two new species are described in Systelloderus.

Genus Systelloderus Blanchard (1852)

Very small glabrous species. Discal cell open (fig. 2). Pro-

notum rather robust, not so abruptly narrowing apically as in some

Henicocephalus. Fore-coxal cavities open behind. Anterior tarsi one-

segmented, intermediate and hind tarsi two-segmented. Tarsi with

two long claws. Posterior lobe of head subglobose.

Genotype Systelloderus moschatus Blanchard

The genus Systelloderus comprises a natural group of closely

APRIL, I932J USINGER HENICOCEPH ALIDiE 151

allied species which may conveniently be separated from the

extremely variable Henicocephalus . Dr. Bergroth (1915a) says,

“Under the described Henicocephalus there are, indeed, some

very small and glabrous species, in which the discoidal cell is

lacking, but these belong to the genus Systelloderes Blanch.

( = Henschiella Horv. and Hymenodectes Uhl. ) , which is very

different from the genus Henicocephalus, as I shall set forth in

a later work.”

The genus Systelloderes was first emended to its correct

Latin form by Walker (1873), who considered it a synonym of

Henicocephalus. He was followed by Bergroth (1889) and

also by Karsch (1892), who considered it a subgenus of Henico-

cephalus. Lethierry and Severin (1896), considering the genus

a synonym of Henicocephalus, also used the correct form but

were “corrected” by Kirkaldy (1901). The original form was

then used by Bergroth and others until Van Duzee (1917) used

the Latin form. In this he was corrected by Parshley 1 . Drake

and Harris (1927) used the Latin form, and it is used in this

work as it is a permissible emendation according to the Ento-

mological Code.

Systelloderus crassatus Usinger, n. sp., Fig. 6

Near S. angustatus (Champion 1898) but lighter, fusco-

testaceous, the rostrum, legs, antennae, and anterior and inter-

mediate lobes of pronotum testaceous. Front femora more

incrassate than in either angustatus (Champ.) or iowensis

D. and H., thicker than width of posterior lobe of head.

Rather thickly pilose, shining; head longer than pronotum; pos-

terior lobe subglobose, more nearly parallel-sided than in other

species, measured from anterior to posterior constriction slightly

longer than broad, 6:5.5; length and width equal in angustatus,

length distinctly less than width in biceps (fig. 5); width of posterior

lobe equal to, or slightly less than, width of anterior part including

eyes. Antennae about as long as head and half the pronotum; first

segment stouter and shorter than the rest, second somewhat thick-

ened and infuscated apically; proportional length of segments I:II:

III :IV: :6.5 : 14 : 14 : 12. Pronotum as long as broad; feebly emargi-

nate in front, shallowly and roundly emarginate on the posterior

border; a distinct median sulcus deep on the intermediate lobe and

indicated on all three lobes; intermediate lobe (measured along lateral

x Science, N. S., XLVII, No. 1212, p. 293, 1918.

152 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

margin) longer than posterior lobe, 6::5; anterior lobe distinctly

broader than basal lobe of head, a little more than half the width of

intermediate lobe which is slightly narrower than the posterior.

Scutellum carinate apically; length and width subequal. Wings

exceeding the tip of the abdomen; discal cell open. Anterior femora

greatly incrassate, thicker than width of posterior lobe of head,

6::5.5; a little more than twice as long as broad. Anterior tibiae

shorter than femora, widened and flattened apically with seven sharp

spines at the inner apical angle, a little more than twice as long as

broad. Tarsi with two long claws. Posterior femora also greatly

incrassate; almost as thick, although not so robust, as anterior

femora; a little over twice as long as broad.

Color testaceous; faintly infuscated on the anterior lobe of the

head and on the thickened portion of second antennal segment, more

pronounced on the roughened posterior lobe of the pronotum; inter-

mediate and hind legs and venter stramineous.

Length, 3.25 to 3.58 mm.; width, .16 mm.

Type No. 3621, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by J. O.

Martin at Palm Springs, California, on March 26, 1917. Para-

type, same data as the type, in the Academy collection.

Dr. Halbert M. Harris has very kindly compared crassatus

with iowensis D. and H., which is likewise very near angustatus

(Champ.), and gives the following notes. Systelloderus cras-

satus Usinger (ms) differs from species described by Drake

and Harris in having a longer, more parallel-sided posterior

lobe of head, longer pronotum, and more strongly incrassate

fore femora. In iowensis the depth of the front femora as

compared to width of posterior lobe of head is in ratio, femora :

head :: 11:13; in crassatus the ratio is 14:13.”

Systelloderus nitidus Usinger, n. sp., Fig. 4

Smooth, shining; testaceous to fuscous; sparsely clothed with

short hairs. Head longer than pronotum; posterior lobe broader

than long, 4::5, and subequal in width to anterior lobe including

eyes, subquadrate, constricted behind to form a short neck. Antennae

about as long as head with the anterior and intermediate lobes of

pronotum; first segment shortest, stout, second slightly clavate, third

filiform, fourth fusiform; proportional length of segments I:II:III:

IV : :5 : 10 :9 :9. Rostrum stout, very little shorter than head. Pro-

notum slightly broader than long, 19 : : 16, narrowed anteriorly;

length equal to width of intermediate lobe; anterior and intermediate

lobes smooth, shining; anterior lobe slightly wider than posterior

lobe of head, its anterior margin deeply emarginate, its length

(median measurement) subequal to that of posterior lobe, one-third

that of intermediate lobe; intermediate lobe (measured along lateral

APRIL, 1932] USINGER — HENICOCEPHALID^

153

margin) slightly longer than posterior lobe, divided into two sub-

oval lobes by a median longitudinal impression that is distinct anteri-

orly, obscure or wanting posteriorly, its posterior margin overlapping

anterior margin of posterior lobe; posterior lobe with a sulcus very

deeply impressed behind the postero-lateral angles of the intermediate

lobe, less deeply impressed and concavely sinuate at the middle;

posterior lobe lightly roughened, its posterior margin shallowly but

distinctly emarginate. Scutellum broader than long, abruptly and

distinctly carinate on its apical one-third. Wings exceeding the tip

of the abdomen; discal cell open (fig. 2). Anterior legs stout, later-

ally compressed; femora not so thick as width of posterior lobe of

head, 4::5, a little more than two and one-half times as long as

broad; tibiae strongly dilated apically, a little more than twice as long

as broad, the inner apical angles bearing several sharp spines; tarsi

with two sharp recurved claws. Intermediate and hind legs slender

except for the posterior femora which are moderately incrassate.

Color flavous, the sides of, or often the entire posterior lobe of

head faintly infuscated. Anterior lobe of head fuscous, becoming

lighter anteriorly; rostrum testaceous to pale fuscous; eyes fusco-

rufous, ocelli red. Antennae varying from uniformly pale testaceous

to a fuscous first segment, flavous second segment, and stramineous

to white third and fourth segments in fully pigmented specimens.

Scutellum often with a median basal spot, ivory-white. Venter white.

Length, 2.25 to 2.5 mm.

Type No. 3622, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by R. H.

Painter at Puerto Castilla, Honduras, April 20, 1926. Seven-

teen paratypes, same data as type, in collection of California

Academy of Sciences, U. S. National Museum, C. J. Drake,

and the author.

Genus Henicocephalus Westwood (1837)

As a rule, larger species than in Systelloderus Blanch., darker and

rather thickly pilose. Posterior lobe of head transverse to globose.

Pronotum divided into three lobes. Discal cell closed (fig. 1). Fore-

coxal cavities open behind. Anterior tarsi one-segmented, inter-

mediate and hind tarsi two-segmented. Tarsi bearing one or two

claws.

Genotype Henicocephalus flame ollis Westwood

An extremely variable group of species two of which

( H . maclachlani Kirk, and H. myrmecophilus Bergr.) have the

discal cell open as in Systelloderus. Others ( H . basalis Westw.,

H . robustus Dist., H. dubius Jeannel, and perhaps others) have

the robust pronotum found in Systelloderus. The number of

claws varies, depending upon the species, H . pilosus Champ.,

154 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

H. emarginatus Champ., and H. flavicollis Westw. having only

one claw.

Our single North American species is figured (fig. 3).

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Lethierry, L., and Severin, G. 1896, Cat. Gen. Hemip., Ill, pp.

67, 206.

Mally, C. W. 1903, Zoologist, Ser. 4, VII, p. 466.

Reuter, O. M. 1910, Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., XXXVII, No. 3, ppw

74, 82.

Schouteden, H. 1905, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLIX, pp. 379-389.

Stal, C. 1860, Rio Jan. Hemip., I, pp. 81-82.

1865, Hemip. Afr., Ill, pp. 165-166.

APRIL, 1932]

USINGER HENICOCEPHALHLE

155

Explanation of plate on page 156,

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Van Duzee, E. P. 1917, Cat. Hemip., pp. 224-225.

Walker, F. 1873, Cat. Heter. Hemip. Brit. Mus., VII, p. 139, and

VIII, pp. 22-23.

Westwood, J. O. 1837, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., II, pp. 18-24.

Explanation of Plate

Figure 1. Front wing of Henicocephalus formicina (Uhl.). Neural

nomenclature after Comstock: C = Costa; Sc = Subcosta;

R = Radius; A = Anal; h = Humeral Cross-vein; S = Stigma;

D = Discal Cell.

Figure 2. Front wing of Syslelloderus nitidus n. sp.

Figure 3. Heiticocephalus formicina (Uhl.) from a topotype, Griffith

Park, Los Angeles, California, December 24, 1930, taken by

E. C. Van Dyke.

Figure 4. Systelloderus nitidus n. sp. The holotype is figured.

Figure 5. Systelloderus biceps (Say) from a topotype, St. Vincent,

Pennsylvania, in the E. P. Van Duzee collection.

Figure 6. Systelloderus crassatus n. sp. The holotype is figured.

Ephestia Kuehniella Fuscofasciella Rag. in

California

The loose bark on dead Digger Pine trees and stumps in

the Sierra foothills is utilized by woodpeckers for the storage

of acorns. Throughout the winter, and perhaps all year around,

larvae of the above-mentioned moth may be found working on

these acorns. The writer accidentally collected some of these

larvae in March, 1928, near Oroville. In January, 1931, a

deliberate attempt to obtain specimens just below Shingle

Springs, El Dorado County, was very successful.

The adults of this variety average slightly larger (22 to

24 mm.) than specimens of the typical species on hand, and

are darker, lacking the pinkish tinge found on the fore wings

of the latter. The antemedian white fascia edged outwardly

with fuscous is the most conspicuous wing feature. The larvae

are large, fat, and pinkish.

As well as on acorns, complete life cycles were induced on

almonds and raisins, showing this moth to have the same poten-

tialities as the typical species. This occurrence is of interest

as an illustration of a storage pest in nature without man’s

agency. Mr. Carl Heinrich, United States Bureau of Ento-

mology, determined the species. — H. H. Keifer, California De-

partment of Agriculture, Sacramento, California.

APRIL, 1932] DRAKE AND HARRIS GERRIDA2

157

AN UNDESCRIBED WATER-STRIDER FROM

HONDURAS

(Hemiptera, Gerridae)

BY C. J. DRAKE AND H. M. HARRIS

Ames , Iowa

Rheumatobates clanis Drake and Harris, n. sp.

Apterous male. Small, velvety black with yellowish markings.

Head broad, with a more or less distinct, concavely arcuate, fulvous

line on base. Antennae simple, moderately long, slender, clothed with

a few bristly hairs; black, the basal portion of segment I testaceous;

formula, 27:8:11:17. Rostrum shiny black, stout, extending between

intermediate legs.

Anterior legs stout, clothed with long hairs, the femora beset

along posterior margin beneath with numerous long seta- or spine-

like hairs; tibiae stout, broadened distally, the apex strongly and

bluntly produced at outer margin; tarsi broad, slightly curved. Inter-

mediate legs very long, the femur within with longer hairs; formula,

femur, tibia, tarsus, 105 :95 :68. Hind legs rather short, the femora

clothed within with a few long hairs; formula, 65:42:16.

Pronotum short, with a median impressed longitudinal line; vel-

vety black, the median portion usually flavous, the sides strongly

produced posteriorly. Mesonotum broader than long, faintly widened

posteriorly, with a distinct median line; black, usually with an elon-

gate flavous patch near the center and two fulvous spots on each

side. Abdomen black, the connexivum broad; last tergite about one

and a half times as long as the preceding. Venter black, the last

segment nearly as long as the preceding two. Genital segments

elongate, the second narrower and longer than the preceding, its

hind margin with a few longer hairs.

Length, 2.38 mm.; width, 1.00 mm.

Apterous female. Larger and broader than male, the pale mark-

ings usually larger and more conspicuous. Head as in male, the eyes

reddish black to black. Rostrum and antennae colored as in male,

formula of the latter, 20:8:13:18. Anterior legs rather stout, hairy,

with a few longer hairs; black, the femora paler on basal half and

beneath; tibiae becoming broader apically; tarsi broad and stout, pro-

duced as in male. Intermediate legs very long, slender; formula,

108:98:72. Posterior legs black, yellowish at base, with a few long

hairs on femur; formula, 70:42:17. Pronotum as in male, the pale

spot larger and the hind margin convexly rounded. Mesonotum

broader than long, median line rather indistinct, the pale markings

larger and more prominent than in male. Abdomen black; the con-

nexivum broad, usually margined with yellowish to fulvous, distinctly

produced beyond apex of last tergite. Venter black, frequently paler

apically, the last segment shorter than the two preceding ones and

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

broadly emarginate behind. First genital segment black, large, the

sides parallel to near the middle, thence strongly narrowed; with a

large fulvous median spot and numerous long, black, seta-like hairs

above; beneath, flattened, the ovipositor extremely long and stout.

Length, 3.17 mm.; width, 1.17 mm.

Holotype, apterous male and allotype , apterous female, Rio

Grande, British Honduras, in collection of authors. Paratypes,

350 males and females taken with types; in collections of Cali-

fornia Academy of Science and the authors. The unmodified

antennae and legs and the strongly and backwardly produced

sides of prothorax readily separate this species from all known

members of the genus. The types were taken in company with

T elmatometra whitei Bergroth, P otamobates horvathi Esaki and

Rhagovelia calopa D. and H. As in other members of the genus

the color markings are quite variable, the yellowish markings

being very pronounced in some individuals and entirely lacking

in others. The alate form is unknown.

A NEW BUTTERFLY RECORD FOR CALIFORNIA

(Phyciodes tharos Drury)

BY J. D. GUNDER

Pasadena, California

During the fore part of October (October 3) in 1923, while

collecting lepidoptera in Imperial Valley, I took a series of

eighteen or twenty specimens of Phyciodes in both sexes. These

were taken along the fences on the main highway between

Brawley and El Centro, nearer Brawley. Along the wire fences

and the few uncultivated nooks to be found in that region, there

grows a mass of wild flowers and vegetation which, of course,

is not all native. These butterflies were found mostly along

the fences, but a few were also found along the ditches as well.

Since 1923 other collectors have taken the same species in the

same general region, but their identity has remained more or

less uncertain. Recently I sent the entire lot which was origi-

nally collected to Mr. Foster H. Benjamin of the United States

National Museum and he has identified them as Phyciodes

tharos Dru., stating that they are not atypical in his opinion.

This common eastern species has evidently been introduced

into Imperial Valley and it can now be added to California lists.

A series has been placed in the Barnes collection at Washington

as a matter of record.

APRIL, 1932]

FALL DIPHYLLOSTOMA

159

DIPHYLLOSTOMA: A THIRD SPECIES

(Coleoptera)

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Massachusetts

The observations of Mr. Hinton and Dr. Van Dyke (Pan-

Pac. Ent., VII, 1930, p. 95), followed by Mr. E. Gorton

Linsley’s paper in the January 1932 issue of the same maga-

zine, show that specimens of this interesting genus have recently

been taken in numbers by several collectors.

Mr. Linsley’s article is notable in that it records the first

capture of the female, a desideratum of thirty years’ standing.

As I had anticipated, it proves to be apterous, and exhibits such

differences from the male as the heavier body not entirely

covered by the elytra, smaller eyes and shorter legs, more or less

characteristic of wingless females in a number of other genera

of coleoptera. It does not yet appear whether the female is

strictly epigeal nor is anything yet known as to the feeding

habits of either sex, if indeed they take food in the imago state ;

an interesting problem for the field naturalist.

Mr. Linsley gives the following table, based on male charac-

ters, for the separation of the “two known species.”

Mandibles strongly emarginate at tip; suborbital plates prominent;

unicolorous, dark brown; 6 to 8 mm. Tulare County, California

fimbriata (Fall)

Mandibles evenly rounded; suborbital plate inconspicuous; bi-

colored, prothorax piceous, elytra brownish; 5 to 9 mm. Middle

Sierra Nevada Mountains, California nigricollis Fall

It is clear that the diagnostic characters of the nigricollis of

the above scheme were drawn from his Riverton specimens,

which not unnaturally were assumed to be that species, the

resemblance being exceedingly close. My suspicions as to the

correctness of this reference were first aroused by the statement

that the mandibular process is evenly rounded. This I find to

be uniformly true in a considerable series of the Riverton spe-

cies kindly sent me by Linsley, but it is not true of any example

of the type series of nigricollis in all of which the mandibles

are emarginate, though less deeply so than in fimbriata. More-

over what Linsley calls the suborbital plates, and which I re-

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. \

ferred to as the tempora in my original description of fimbriata ,

are present, though very small, in nigricollis, while they are as

a rule almost wholly obsolete in the Riverton examples. The

locality — “Middle Sierras” — also applies to Riverton (El Do-

rado County) but not to Fresno and Tulare counties, some one

hundred fifty to two hundred miles farther south, the known

habitat of nigricollis. In this connection it need hardly be said

that a much less distance may be amply sufficient for the com-

plete isolation of two allied species provided the females are

apterous, as is well illustrated in the genus Pleocoma.

A further study of the genitalia of nigricollis and the River-

ton form demonstrates the significance of the small external

differences noted and shows conclusively that we have to do

with two distinct species. The following diagrammatic sketches

show with sufficient accuracy the genital differences in our three

species. The lateral lobes, especially, are more or less warped

in all the species and cannot be adequately shown in a single

outline drawing, but for comparative purposes all have been

made as nearly as possible from the same lateral viewpoint.

f/m&r/afa.

/ /'y?s /eye

Right (R), middle (M), and left (L) lobes of the male genitalia

of Diphyllostoma fimbriata, D. nigricollis and D. linsleyi n. sp., as viewed

horizontally from the left side.

Diphyllostoma linsleyi Fall, n. sp.

Nearly identical in size and general aspect with nigricollis.

As in the latter the head and prothorax are black or piceous,

the elytra brownish, the prothorax finely punctate, the hind tarsi

a little longer, slightly more slender and with perceptibly larger

claws than in fimbriata. It differs from both nigricollis and

fimbriata in having the mandibular process evenly rounded in

front and in the nearly or quite obsolete postocular tempora,

and also in the form of the male genitalia (see figures).

APRIL, 1932]

FALL DIPHYLLOSTOMA

161

Described from a good series of specimens, all males, taken

at Riverton, El Dorado County, California, by Mr. E. Gorton

Linsley of Oakland, California, to whom the species is dedi-

cated in recognition of his contribution to our knowledge of

this remarkable genus. The type is in my own collection and

bears date July 5, 1931.

According to Linsley the differences between fimbriata and

nigricollis in surface sculpture and in the length of the tarsi

noted in my original description of the latter disappear in a

series. Although his statement is somewhat weakened from the

fact that he made it with linsleyi rather than nigricollis in hand,

still these two species are so nearly identical in these respects

that it should apply about equally well to nigricollis. The differ-

ences in sculpture were so small that I can readily believe they

might not hold in a large series. As to the tarsal character I

can only say that I have yet to see an example of either nigri-

collis or linsleyi in which the hind tarsi are not perceptibly

longer than in fimbriata , so that I can hardly doubt that this

difference will prove quite characteristic when series are taken

as a whole.

The Vespula Marginata of Kirby

In Dr. J. Bequaert’s excellent revision of the American

Vespinse, he describes Vespula norwegica var. marginata

(Kirby), based on Vespula marginata Kirby, 1837. This is a

wasp of the Hudsonian Zone from Alaska to Labrador. Unfor-

tunately the name is preoccupied by Vespa marginata Gmelin,

1790. This leaves us apparently with the disagreeable necessity

of calling our wasp Vespula norwegica peruana (H. de Saus-

sure, 1868). This was described from “Quito, Peru.” Now,

Quito is not in Peru but in Ecuador; and, as Dr. Bequaert

remarks, there must apparently have been a mistake in labeling.

I say “apparently/’ because I noticed when in Peru that much

Oregon lumber was imported into that country, and it is not

impossible that a Vespula might appear in South America, hav-

ing emerged from some hole in the lumber in which it had taken

refuge. — T. D. A. Cockerell.

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

THE CALIFORNIA SALMON FLY

BY E. O. ESSIG

The California salmon fly, Pteronarcys calif ornica Newport,

is one of the most conspicuous and interesting insects in many

parts of California, but more particularly in the northern

reaches of the Great Valley where it occurs in the Sacramento,

McCloud, and Pit rivers and their tributaries. The larvae live

on the bottoms of swift areas of the streams and the nymphs

crawl out on rocks, shrubs and trees along the banks, and their

clinging skins testify to the transformation to the adults, which

often appear in very great numbers.

The emergence period usually occupies two or three weeks

during the month of May. On May 19, 1929, F. H. Wymore

and the writer found the insect very abundant on the Pit River

and Burney Creek, at which time they were being extensively

and successfully used by fishermen to catch trout in those

streams. A week ago I again had an opportunity to witness an

emergence of this same insect — this time on the Sacramento

River, in the vicinities of Castella, Castle Crag, and Dunsmuir.

I passed through this district at noon on May 9, 1932, and

observed the first adults in flight about forty-seven miles north

of Redding at a short distance below a place known as Flume

Creek. Their numbers increased northwardly and they were

most abundant between Castella and Castle Crag. They gradu-

ally decreased toward Dunsmuir, above which no more were

observed. The adults have a rather slow, awkward flight with-

out any ability to dodge, and are killed by the thousands by

automobiles. The emergence flight is for mating, the males and

females alighting most often on tree trunks, where great num-

bers were to be observed copulating. On my return three days

later, no apparent diminution in numbers was noted.

Date of Publication

The four numbers of Volume VIII of the Pan-Pacific

Entomologist were mailed on the following dates: No. 1, on

November 9, 1931; No. 2, on January 30, 1932; No. 3, on

March 28, 1932; No. 4, on September 19, 1932.

APRIL, 1932] BEQUAERT TRICHOPHTHALMA

163

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF TRICHOPHTHALMA

FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA

(Diptera, Nemestrinidae)

BY J. BEQUAERT

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Although the Australasian region is unusually rich in

Nemestrinidae — forty-one distinct forms being reported by

Mackerras in 1925 — only six species were known thus far for

western Australia, viz., Trichophthalma costalis subsp. apicalis

Mackerras, T. fulva Walker, T. ruficosta Mackerras, T. leuco-

phcca Walker, T. longirost'ris Mackerras, and T. grisea Mac-

kerras. All these came from the southwest division and mostly

from the districts about King George’s Sound and Perth. Obvi-

ously, as Mackerras points out, the scantiness of records from

that part of the Continent is merely due to insufficient collecting.

During their brief stay in southwestern Australia, from

September to November, 1931, the Harvard Australian Expe-

dition obtained six specimens of Nemestrinidae, representing

two species of Trichophthalma. Of T. costalis subsp. apicalis

Mackerras, two males were taken at Bridgetown (33° 56' S. ;

116° 8' E.) on November 9, 1931, by Dr. W. M. Wheeler.

These insects were visiting flowers of a small species of

Xanthorrhcea, growing along roadsides in farmland country.

The race differs conspicuously, in the male at any rate, from

typical T. costalis Westwood, of eastern Australia, in the

peculiar coloration of the wing, the apical third being clear

white, sharply contrasting with the smoky remainder. It is of

interest that Professor Wheeler collected, in the same local-

ity and the same day, two specimens of a bombyliid which in

size and coloration of body and wing exactly mimics this

nemestrinid.

The other Trichophthalma appears to be undescribed, al-

though it is evidently the western representative of T. bivittata

Westwood. Notwithstanding certain slight structural differ-

ences, it seems more rational to give it subspecific, rather than

specific rank, since it can hardly be doubted that the eastern

bivittata and the new western form sprang from some common

ancestor.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Trichophthalma bivittata wheeleri Bequaert, n. subsp.

Holotype and paratype female, and allotype and paratype

male from Mullewa (28° 29' S. ; 115° 26' E.), in the sand-plain

region of southwestern Australia, September 14 and 18, 1931,

at flowers (possibly of Leptospermum ) (W. M. Wheeler).

According to Dr. Wheeler, Mr. L. J. Newman of Perth col-

lected additional specimens in the same locality.

A large, thick-set fly, superficially resembling T. bivittata West-

wood, being grayish white, with a broad black median stripe over

thorax and abdomen, partial black lateral stripes on the thorax, and

broad black side margins on the abdomen; white stripes of abdomen

more regular than in typical bivittata and with more woolly, some-

what matted white hairs; underside of body white.

Female. Integument of body black. Antennae, palpi, labrum of

proboscis and legs clove brown; hind tibiae and tarsi slightly infus-

cate; pulvilli bright reddish yellow, with black tips.

Body moderately pilose above, very densely covered with longer

hairs on the ventral side. Vertex with erect black hairs as far down

as the anterior ocellus; remainder of head (including the beard) with

white pile, with an admixture of black or gray hairs, especially on

the upper half of the frons and on the middle of the face. Eyes

densely covered with almost russet pile, except in the lower third

where the hairs are sparser and white. Dorsum of thorax with mod-

erately long and rather sparse, erect, grayish pile, mixed with black;

the hairs along the sides of the dorsum and on the hind margin of

the scutellum considerably longer and denser, grayish white, mixed

with black ones apicad of the wings; pleura and pectus densely

covered with long, grayish white pile. Abdomen with erect, black

hairs on the black areas; the two broad white bands, however,

covered with much longer, grayish white hairs, which are woolly

and somewhat matted down; venter with long, white, appressed

hairs. Femora with long, white pile; tibiae and tarsi with very short,

sparse, somewhat russet hairs. The integument is entirely covered

with dull pruinosity, which is almost everywhere ashy gray, except

on the conspicuous longitudinal black bands of the dorsum of thorax

and abdomen. On the thorax a nearly uniform, moderately wide,

black band runs over the middle of the dorsum from the anterior

margin to the hind margin of the scutellum; in its anterior half it

is flanked on each side by a slightly narrower, curved, black stripe,

which begins at the shoulder, is broadly interrupted before the trans-

verse suture, and stops before the base of the wing; there is also

an indication of a dull black area in the extreme hind corner, close

to the sides of the scutellum. On the abdomen, the median black

stripe continues that of the thorax, but is nearly twice as wide, nar-

rower posteriorly; on most segments it is fairly parallel-sided, but

on the third tergite it is much narrower at the anterior margin; the

APRIL, 1932] BEQUAERT TRICHOPHTHALMA

165

lateral black stripe on each side follows closely the side margin, being

about as wide as the median stripe, and its line of demarcation from

the white submedian stripe is fairly straight; the median and the two

lateral black stripes unite along the hind margin of the fifth tergite,

the following tergites as well as the ovipositor being dull black.

Head large, slightly flattened, as broad as the thorax, semi-

eliptical in profile; kidney-shaped seen in front, the height about

four-fifths of the width. Frons flat, moderately wide; inner orbits

converging upward from the insertion of the antennas (where the

frons measures slightly over one-half of the width of the eye at that

level) to halfway up the frons; its upper part and the vertex with

subparallel sides and slightly less than half as wide as at the antennae;

sides of face strongly divergent downward. Ocellar protuberance

elongate and low, scarcely set off, with a faint median depression;

ocelli placed in an isosceles triangle, the posterior ocelli less than

half as far apart as from the anterior ocellus. Antennas moderately

long, placed on the sides of the face, close to the lower orbits; basal

segment slightly broader than long, truncate at apex; second very

short and wide; third flattened, awl-shaped, with a deep but narrow

constriction close to the base, apparently setting off a narrow ring

or collar-like supernumerary segment; its basal third with subparallel

sides, then rather rapidly narrowed to a blunt point which continues

into the three-jointed style; style slightly shorter than the antennae,

the basal two divisions long, though together shorter than the third,

the first division shorter than the second. Face moderately swollen,

its sides separated from the inner orbits by deep but narrow grooves;

its upper median portion forming a wedge in the frons above the

antennal pits. Proboscis of medium length, directed downward;

measured along the labrum it is slightly less than the height of the

head; labella large and thick. Palpi short, of normal thickness, pro-

truding but little from the pilosity of the face; the second segment

small, not swollen and without noticeable apical pit. Body very

broad and thickset, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally. Thorax dis-

tinctly broader than thick; the dorsum about as wide as long; the

transverse suture marked on the sides only over about one-fourth of

the width of the dorsum. Scutellum large, semi-elliptical, cushion-

shaped; the swollen hind margin slightly set off by a depressed line.

Abdomen broad and flat. Valves of ovipositor flattened and leaf-

like; the lower edge strongly convex. Legs moderately long and

stout; hind tibiae and tarsi slightly thicker than those of fore and

mid legs.

Wings slightly shorter than the body, over three times as long

as wide, practically hyaline throughout; the veins dark clove brown.

Venation of the typical Trichophthalma type, showing only minor

differences from that of T. bivittata or T. rosea ; these differences

being due only to individual variation and therefore not of specific

value. As in the two species mentioned, the apical portion of the

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

upper branch of the fifth longitudinal vein (M 3 + 4 ) is not in line

with the remainder of the diagonal vein, but placed considerably

more basad.

Length, not including ovipositor (to apex of tergite 5), 16.5 mm.;

greatest width of abdomen, 7 to 7.5 mm.; length of labrum of pro-

boscis, 4 mm.; length of wing, 16 mm.; width of wing, 4 to 4.3 mm.

Male. In most respects similar to the female. Eyes with longer

pile, holoptic in the upper half of the frons; inner orbits touching

each other over about half the distance between the anterior ocellus

and the antennal pits (over more than twice the length of the upper,

free part of the vertex).

Total length, 16.5 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, 5.5 mm.;

length of labrum of proboscis, 4 mm.; length of wing, 15 mm.; width

of wing, 4 mm.

This insect is evidently the western race of T. bivittata

Westwood (= T. eques Schiner) of Queensland and New

South Wales. I have compared it with two females of typical

bivittata from Herberton, Queensland, and with one male of

that form from National Park, New South Wales. In both

sexes of typical bivittata the two white longitudinal bands of

the abdomen have irregular, jagged outer margins and are

covered with sparser, erect, grayish white pile; in the female

the upper part of the frons and the vertex are distinctly nar-

rower than in the subsp. wheeleri (about one-third of the width

of the frons at the insertion of the antennae) ; while in the male

the inner orbits touch each other over a shorter distance (about

equal to the length of the upper, free portion of the vertex).

Mr. F. W. Edwards, who very kindly examined for me

Westwood’s type at the British Museum, writes me that it is

a female agreeing exactly in regard to the form of the abdominal

white stripes and the abdominal hairs with specimens of eastern

Australia received from Mackerras as T. eques Schiner. No

definite locality was mentioned in the original description of

T . bivittata , but since the type was given to Westwood by

Shuckard, it came evidently from New South Wales, whence

Shuckard about that time described several Hymenoptera.

It may be noted that the discovery of T. bivittata wheeleri

at Mullewa extends the known distribution of the Nemestrinidae

considerably farther north in the western half of Australia.

APRIL, 1932]

FELT A NEW GALL MIDGE

167

A NEW PREDACEOUS GALL MIDGE FOR

CALIFORNIA

BY DR. E. P. FELT

Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, Stamford, Connecticut

A number of flies were received under date of May 10, 1928,

from Harold Compere of the Citrus Experiment Station, River-

side, California, accompanied by the statement that the original

stock was collected by him in Syndey, New South Wales, and

that the material submitted for determination was propagated

at Riverside, California, on Pseudococcus gahani and appeared

like an important natural enemy of mealybugs. The entire

rearing, consisting of nearly forty flies, all belong to the same

species. Mr. Compere stated that it was suspected that the

insect was Diplosis koebelei Skuse MS., a species included in

Mr. Koebele’s “Studies of Parasitic and Predaceous Insects in

New Zealand, Australia, and Adjacent Islands” made by per-

mission of the Secretary of Agriculture and at the request of

the California State Board of Horticulture. This appeared in

Report 51, United States Department of Agriculture, 1893,

pages 38-39. There is no description of the insect in this report,

though a number of interesting biological data are recorded.

There is a brief note by Smith and Compere in relation to this

introduced insect under the name Diplosis, in the Journal of

Economic Entomology, Volume 21, page 668, 1928. The life

cycle is completed in twelve days.

Later information, received through the courtesy of Mr.

Harry S. Smith of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside,

California, indicates that this insect multiplied abundantly on

Pseudococcus gahani in cages and that apparently it has become

permanently established in California, though its influence is

negligible. The adults hang by dozens on spider webs, a habit

recorded for a number of gall midges.

Silvestrina koebelei Felt, n. sp.

This species is distinguished from the generic type, .S', sil-

vestrii Kieffer, by the longer antennae (in sihestrii they reach

only to the middle of the abdomen), and by the longer antennal

segments in the female (they have a length in sihestrii of less

than twice the diameter), by the somewhat longer stem of the

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

segments (those in silvestrii being about one- fourth the length

of the enlargement), and also by the lack of a large fuscous spot

basally on the dorsum of the abdomen. .S', silvestrii is recorded

as preying upon Diaspis pentagona, and has been reported from

Cape Town and Brazil.

Male. Length, 1 mm. Antennae about one-fourth longer than

the body, thickly haired, pale yellowish; fourteen segments, the fifth

binodose, almost trinodose, with the stems one and one-fourth and

one and one-half their diameters respectively; the basal enlargement

oblate, the distal distinctly constricted at the basal third and with a

length one-half greater than its diameter; the circumfilum with thick,

stout loops, the basal circumfilum extending only to the tip of the

basal enlargement, the loops of the middle circumfilum extending

just beyond the constriction of the distal enlargement, and those of

the distal circumfilum reaching almost to the tip of the segment.

Palpi: the first and second segments short, stout, the third and

fourth distinctly longer, each with a length about one-half greater

than its diameter. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum and post-

scutellum a light fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a fuscous whitish.

Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting at or slightly before the tip

of the wing, the fifth vein joining the posterior margin at the distal

fourth, its branch at the basal third. Halteres yellowish. Coxae and

femora mostly pale yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae

and tarsi fuscoUs yellowish. Claws simple, strongly curved, pulvilli

rudimentary. Genitalia: basal clasp segment rather long, stout;

terminal clasp segment stout, tapering; dorsal plate deeply and tri-

angularly emarginate, the lobes triangular; ventral plate broad and

broadly rounded apically.

Female. Length, 1 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as

the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, the basal segments

yellow, the fifth segment with a stem one-third the length of the

cylindrical basal enlargement, the latter with a length two and one-

fourth times its diameter. Terminal segment more slender, with a

length two and a half times its diameter and apically with a short,

knob-like appendage. Ovipositor short, the basal lobe broad and

broadly rounded apically. Other characters practically as in the male.

Described from dried specimens and others in balsam

mounts.

Types deposited in the collections of the United States Na-

tional Museum and co-types in the insect collections of the

University of California.

APRIL, 1932]

MARTIN A NEW EPICAUTA

169

A NEW CALIFORNIA EPICAUTA

(Coleoptera, Meloidae)

BY J. 0. MARTIN

California Academy of Sciences

In the spring of 1931, while on a collecting trip to the Death

Valley region, Mr. Joseph R. Slevin, curator of herpetology

of the California Academy of Sciences, collected in the Pana-

mint Valley, a series of nine specimens of a very striking Epi-

cauta which appears to be undescribed. These beetles were

taken on the flowers of a thorny tree, probably a mesquite.

Epicauta magnomaculata Martin, n. sp.

Body black, scarcely shining, closely punctate and covered with

a decumbent cinerous pile of a slightly yellowish cast. Head slightly

wider than base of thorax, closely punctate with cinerous pile.

Toward the vertex the median suture along which the pile is parted

is broadened somewhat and without pile. Thorax campanulate, a

very little longer than wide, more coarsely punctate than the head,

with two impunctate bare areas, one each side of the median line

which is widened like the head suture to an impunctate area between

the spots. Elytra not noticeably widened behind as in maculata,

closely punctate, cinero-pubescent, with irregularly disposed denuded

impunctate areas forming black spots, the average of which are equal

in diameter to the distal extremity of the tibia. Toward the base

and in the costal region these spots decrease in size and are nearer

together. Abdominal segments less distinctly maculate than in macu-

lata owing to encroachment of the pile on the bare areas. In the

male on the second abdominal segment near the center of the hind

edge, there is a black spot which is covered with black hairs, on the

third, fourth, and fifth segments a similar but larger spot appears,

these markings becoming larger and triangular caudad. Tip of the

sixth segment black, with black hairs, and distinctly notched.

These median abdominal spots are lacking in the female which

has on the abdomen a mixture of black and cinerous hairs, giving the

female abdomen a slightly darker cast than that of the male. Length

of the type, 20 mm. with a width of 5 mm.

This species is strikingly different from its nearest relative

maculata Say, being narrower behind, with the elytra less convex

transversely and longitudinally, the shape being more nearly

that of vittata Fab. The black spots of the elytra are larger and

farther apart than in maculata from which it also differs in its

bimaculate thorax.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

The type male (No. 2755) and the allotype female (No.

2757) are in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences. Paratypes are also in the same collection. The speci-

mens were presented to the Academy by Mr. Joseph R. Slevin,

curator of herpetology, and were collected at Ballarat, Inyo

County, California, in the Panamint Valley, May, 1931.

A Locality for Argynnis Behrensii Edws.

On June 26 I made a short pleasure trip into the moun-

tains of Mendocino County and, as usual, I took my net along

with me.

About a mile north of the little town of Navarro, where

we stopped for lunch, I took two male Argynnis but paid no

further attention to them and, as I am very much in arrears

with my setting, they were stored with the other specimens until

I had an opportunity to set them.

On June 9 my friend, J. D. Gunder, wrote me to try the

mountains east of Point Arena for Argynnis behrensii. Time

would not then permit it. Somehow I did not stop to think

that these two Argynnis might be the rare species he had refer-

ence to, until, on the 11th of July, Mr. Gunder wrote again and

told me that Mr. Cottle had found this species near Point

Arena.

About this time I started mounting my catch from the

Navarro trip. Later, in July, when a friend offered me the

opportunity of going with him on a short trip up the Coast, I

once more worked the mountains east of Point Arena and suc-

ceeded in securing a few more specimens, but I was a trifle late

for them. I set these immediately and compared them with the

specimens from my previous trip and found them to be the

same species. Evidently its range is not confined to the Coast

side of the mountains, and future research will be necessary to

actually establish its territory.

Mr. Gunder is to be commended for digging into the old

records and thereby being instrumental in the rediscovery of

species, traces of which have been more or less lost. — R. F.

Sternitzky.

APRIL, 1932]

BARRETT NEW COLEOPTERA

171

NEW COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA

BY R. E. BARRETT

Saticoy, California

Dendroides pacificus Barrett, n. sp.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Head and mouth parts, first two

segments of antennae, prothorax, scutellum, underside of body and

legs rufotestaceous, rest of body piceous. Head rather finely punc-

tate; eyes large, separated by width of scutellum; antennae eleven-

segmented with segments three to ten ramose, ramus of each

segment arising at distal end, last segment as long as the three pre-

ceding segments combined. Pronotum smooth and shining, three-

fourths as wide as long, arcuately narrowed in front. Elytra coarsely

and closely punctate with short semi-erect pubescence arising from

the punctures. Undersurface of body and legs finely punctate and

pubescent; fifth segment of abdomen broadly emarginate, sixth ob-

tusely emarginate, so that angle formed at center is slightly greater

than 90 degrees. Length 12.5 mm.; breadth 4 mm.

In Horn’s review of Dendroides (1888) 1 this species runs

to picipes from which it may readily be separated by the color

of the head, first two segments of the antennae, and legs and by

the shape of the sixth abdominal segment.

This species is described from a specimen which was reared

from a larva collected at Inverness, Marin County, California,

March 20, 1926. The larva was taken in the rotten trunk of

red alder, Alnus rubra Bong., which was also inhabited by

Platycerus oregonensis Westw. The adult emerged April 2,

1926. Type in my collection.

Temnochila sonorana Barrett n. sp.

Body elongate-oblong, upper surface piceous. Head with faint

frontal impression, coarsely punctate, mentum with a fulvous tuft

of hairs; palpi brown; mandibles with a reddish tinge, not as coarsely

punctate as head; antennae brown, basal segment coarsely punctate.

Scutellum small, transverse. Pronotum with complete lateral and

basal margin, basal angles well defined, coarsely punctate, sides

evenly narrowed toward base, not quite as wide as long. Elytra

margined at base, alutaceous, coarsely punctate at base less so pos-

teriorly, punctures in rows, striae feeble and incomplete, humeral

angles distinct, wider at base than base of thorax. Undersurface of

abdomen dark reddish brown, prothorax slightly darker, head piceous,

coarsely punctate except abdomen which is finely closely punctate.

Legs reddish brown. Length 10 to 17 mm.; breadth 3 to 7 mm.

172 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Holotype, No. 3612, in the Museum of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences, from Coachella, Riverside County, California.

Five paratypes collected at the same locality and a single para-

type from Palm Springs in the same county. The holotype and

four of the paratypes including the Palm Springs specimen

were collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and are in his collec-

tion. The other two paratypes were collected by me under the

bark of mesquite, Prosopis juli flora glandulosa (Torr.).

Aphodius sparsus sheldoni Barrett n. subsp.

Color dark reddish brown. Median portion of pronotum not as

heavily punctate, striae not as deep or as coarsely punctate, elytral

intervals not as convex as in typical sparsus. Length from 5 to 6

mm. while sparsus varies in length from. 6 to 8 mm. although occa-

sional depauperated individuals are smaller. The difference in color

appears to be constant if recently emerged and not fully pigmented

sparsus are excluded.

Holotype, No. 3613, in the Museum of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences, from Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County,

California. Numerous paratypes in my collection from various

parts of Santa Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties,

California. All specimens were taken in nests of the wood rat,

Neotoma.

From field experience with sparsus over a large area it

appears that the species is composed of a number of complexes

which ar e probably due to isolation imposed by its habitat.

I take pleasure in naming this subspecies after Mr. H. B.

Sheldon.

Argias Wanted

The collection of dragonflies in the Museum of Zoology,

University of Michigan, contains long series of Argias repre-

senting collections accumulated over a quarter of a century,

about ten thousand specimens. Support has been obtained for

a revisional study of the genus, and I should like to study other

available Argias. Material loaned me will be returned intact

to the owner at the completion of the study. — E. B. Williamson,

Research Associate, Division of Insects.

APRIL, 1932] COCKERELL ANDRENAS 173

BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FROM

CALIFORNIA

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

I am greatly indebted to Mr. P. H. Timberlake for the

opportunity to study and describe some of the beautiful and

interesting species of Andrena which he has obtained in Cali-

fornia. I am also able to correct my interpretation of

A. cleodora.

Andrena cleodora Viereck

Mr. Timberlake sends a pair which he collected in General

Grant Park, California, 1929. The female is from Ceanothus

integerrimus, June 27 ; the male from Senecio lugens, June 26.

Mr. Timberlake compared the female with Viereck’s type of

A. cleodora and found no difference. He suggests that my

A. lutzi, 1931, from Wyoming, is the same species. This is

indeed the case; the Californian form differs a little in the

darker stigma, and sternites not testaceous-margined. I had

identified as A. cleodora a quite distinct species with black hair

on thorax above, which agreed perfectly with Viereck’s descrip-

tion, which makes no mention of the pubescence whatever. It

is urgently necessary to redescribe Viereck’s species of Andrena

from the types in order that they may be understood, and

correctly placed in the series.

The male of A. cleodora is about or hardly 10 mm. long, anterior

wing slightly over 7 mm. Hair of head and thorax long and abun-

dant, rather light but dull yellowish fulvous, not mixed with black;

facial quadrangle broader than long; mandibles bidentate, faintly

rufescent at apex, not elongated or curved; cheeks broad and hairy,

but not specially modified; front and vertex dull; clypeus densely

punctured with a smooth, raised median line; antennae long, reaching

metathorax, the flagellum stout, the joints submoniliform; third an-

tennal joint seen from above intense black, a little longer than fourth;

mesothorax and scutellum dull; area of metathorax large with strong

rugae as in female; tegulae shining black; wings brownish; stigma

large, dark reddish brown; legs with pale fulvous hair; tarsi rufes-

cent at apex; tergites 2 to 4 with the smooth, depressed part about

as wide in middle as the punctured part; stipites very broad, and

truncate at end. The outer face hollowed.

Andrena melanodora Cockerell, n. sp.

Female (type). Length, 11 mm.; head and thorax black, with

entirely black hair, stiff and short on thorax above, but erect and not

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

felt-like; abdomen above shining dark green and purple; legs black,

with black hair; wings strongly brownish, really dilute fuliginous,

with reddish black stigma and dark nervures. Structurally, this spe-

cies agrees closely with A. cleodora, having the abdominal depressions

equally extensive, going almost to the base of the tergites. The

rugosopunctate clypeus, with more or less of a smooth median line,

is quite the same. The broad facial fovea, sculpture of vertex and

front and the antenna, seem to afford no distinctions. The wing

venation and structure of thorax, legs and abdomen, all agree. Thus

the insect is, in effect, a black-haired A. cleodora, though the apical

plate of abdomen is certainly larger and more rounded at end, and the

wings seem to be appreciably redder.

The male is also like that of A. cleodora in almost every respect

except the pubescence; it has the same broad truncate stipites. The

wings are somewhat clearer and the second cubital cell is broader.

The face, cheeks, pleura and sides of metathorax have very long

black, or rusty-black hair; occiput and thorax above with long white

hair; legs and abdomen (which is strongly purplish) with black hair,

in lateral view appearing as median tufts on tergites 2 and 4, and

these tergites have narrow pallid shining hind margins.

In the series of Trachandrena these species fall with A. poli-

tissima Ckll. (Idaho) and A. nuda Rob. (eastern states), but

are peculiar for the beautiful metallic abdomen.

The type of A. melandora is a female from southern Cali-

fornia (marked W, which I understand to be Mount Wilson),

collected by Mr. Davidson. Another female is from Kenworthy,

San Jacinto mountains, 5000 feet, June 10 (F. Grinnell, Jr.).

Mr. Timberlake sends a female from Big Pines Camp, Cali-

fornia, June 16, 1928 (O. H. Swezey), and a male from

Mount SanAntonio, July 2, 1911, at the summit (Timberlake).

Andrena zygadeni Cockerell, n. sp.

Female (type). Length about 11.5 to 12.5 mm., anterior wing, 9;

black, rather robust, with red hair, very bright fox-red on face, thorax

above and abdomen, paler on legs; facial quadrangle much broader

than long; malar space linear; mandibles obscurely reddish in middle,

bidentate, but the inner tooth short and rudimentary; process of

labrum very broadly truncate; clypeus so densely covered with hair

that it is necessary to scrape it off to see the surface, which is dull

and densely and minutely punctured, without a smooth median line,

but a polished band along upper margin; facial foveae moderately

broad, not extending halfway to antennas, densely clothed with light

red hair, not extending very far down the orbits; antennas short,

third joint slightly longer than next two together, these, however,

being very short; flagellum thick, black, or obscurely reddish be-

neath; mesothorax and scutellum dull, with a minutely rugulose sur-

APRIL, 1932]

COCKERELL ANDRENAS

175

face, densely covered with erect hair; area of metathorax triangular,

dull, hardly defined, without evident sculpture; tegulae rufotestaceous;

wings reddish hyaline, dusky at apex; stigma large, dull ferruginous,

without a dark margin, nervures ferruginous; basal nervure meeting

nervulus; second cubital cell very broad, moderately narrowed above,

receiving first recurrent nervure about middle; legs black with small

joints of tarsi red; hair of tibial scopa plumose posteriorly, but

anteriorly long and almost entirely simple; abdomen dull, with ex-

cessively fine punctures, the first tergite shining toward base; the

tergites have broad loose bright red hair-bands, but the surface gener-

ally is covered with erect red hair; second tergite in middle depressed

hardly a third; apex of abdomen appearing briefly emarginate.

Males smaller and more slender, 10 to 10.5 mm. long; pubescence

bright red as in female, or varying to pale yellowish; antennae

entirely black, third joint longer than fourth, but not nearly as long

as fourth and fifth together; mandibles curved, bidentate, not notice-

ably modified; second cubital cell narrower; stipites with a narrow

black base and a broad yellow truncate end, the broadly pallid apical

part of the genitalia strongly contrasting with the rest.

Type from Lake Hodges, San Diego County, California,

at flowers of Zygadenus, March 9, 1932 (C. M. Dammers).

Many specimens taken, all on Zygadenus. Also obtained by the

same collector at Gavilan, near Riverside, March 8, 1931, at

Zygadenus.

In my key to species with thorax above (or at least scu-

tellum) with ferruginous hair, and abdomen with distinct hair-

bands (females) it falls next to A. auricoma, as follows:

Abdominal tergites with bands of erect fulvous or red hair;

facial fovese red or fulvous . 1

Abdominal bands otherwise 2

1. Smaller; mesothorax polished on disk, facial foveae narrower

auricoma Smith

Larger, mesothorax dull zygadeni Ckll.

2. Clypeus strongly convex, disk highly polished and impunctate

pronitens Ckll.

Clypeus otherwise 3

3. Hind tibiae greatly broadened at end; abdomen dull with com-

pact, clear-cut fulvous hair-bands opaciventris Ckll.

Otherwise 4

4. Very small; first recurrent nervure about middle of second

cubital cell beckeri Ckll.

Larger; first recurrent nervure beyond middle of second cubital

cell 5

5. Hair-bands of abdomen narrow and compact; fimbria dark

brevipalpis Ckll.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Bands of abdomen with hair longer and not compact; fimbria

light 6

6. Fimbria pale chocolate; clypeus shining and strongly punctured;

basal nervure falling far short of nervulus vierecki Ckll.

Fimbria pale fulvous; clypeus duller and not so strongly punc-

tured; basal nervure meeting nervulus

brachycarpa Vier. and Ckll.

The male does not run close to anything in my tables. The

lightest form has a certain superficial resemblance to A. ment-

zelice Ckll., but the latter has clearer wings, with a much paler

stigma, much longer mandibles, sides of face highly polished, etc.

The female, on account of the bright red hair, is suggestive

of A. vulpicolor Ckll., but that flies late in September, and is

much larger with the intervals between the abdominal bands

not hairy.

Andrena nudimediocornis Viereck

Female. Length about 11 mm., anterior wing 7.7; black, the

head and thorax with rather thin, erect, dull white hair, long

and shining, clear white on occiput; head broad, facial quadrangle

much broader than long, eyes rather small; mandibles ordinary,

curved, bidentate, entirely black; malar space linear; process of

labrum broadly truncate; clypeus entirely dull, the surface appearing

minutely granular; a shining spot near lower end of each eye anteri-

orly; an arcuate shining line bounding upper margin of clypeus; front

dull, minutely striate; facial foveae moderately broad, greyish white,

separated from the orbit by a rather broad, shining, sparsely punc-

tured band; antennae black, third joint long, longer than next two

combined; cheeks broad and rounded; mesothorax and scutellum dull,

except that there is a shining line along anterior margin of scutellum;

area of metathorax dull, poorly defined, without evident sculpture,

though there are faint traces of plicae in the middle; tegulae large,

brownish black; wings brownish hyaline, stigma large but rather

narrow, reddish black; nervures dark; basal nervure meeting inter-

cubitus; second cubital cell broad, receiving recurrent nervure about

middle; legs ordinary, the hind tibiae broad, with a black strongly

plumose scopa; anterior femora with long white hair; hair of hind

femora greyish; hair on inner side of tarsi black; spurs red; abdomen

finely punctured, shining basally, the apical part duller; first tergite

with distinct punctures, not nearly so small and dense as on second,

on third they are smaller and denser than on second; three narrow

clear white hair-bands on tergites 2 to 4, that on second more or

less weak in middle; fifth tergite and apex with dense brownish

black hair; disks of tergites not evidently hairy; venter with dark,

sooty hair.

APRIL, 1932]

COCKERELL ANDRENAS

177

Males much smaller and more slender, length about 8.7 mm.;

mandibles long, strongly bidentate; face with a copious beard of

long pure white hair; head very broad, cheeks broad but rounded,

antennae only moderately long, third joint about as long as next two

together; cheeks and mesopleura with long pure white hair, and

much of the same (nowhere mixed with black) on vertex and dorsum

of thorax; basal nervure sometimes going distinctly basad of nervu-

lus; hair of legs all white, except that it is pale rufous on inner side

of tarsi; abdomen with long white hair on first tergite, but the bands

are only represented by thin long hair and are not distinct; tergites

2 to 5 with linear shining pale hind margins; apical hair white, very

faintly stained with reddish. In both sexes the depressed part of

second tergite is very short. The stipites have a long neck and a

laterally expanded subtriangular apical portion.

Gavilan, California, March 28, 1932, at flowers of Lomatium

dasycarpum, collected by Timberlake. Many specimens were

taken, all at the same flowers.

In my table of medium-sized species with conspicuous hair-

bands, the female falls in a group with the caudal fimbria dark,

as follows :

Wings very dark; abdominal bands fulvous tinted; basal nervure

going basad of nervulus fulvipennis Smith

Wings not or not very dark; basal nervure meeting or (some

sapellonis ) falling short of nervules 1

1. Disk of mesothorax with black hair heterodoxa Ckll.

Disk of mesothorax without black hair 2

2. Clypeus shining; abdominal hair-bands broad

electrica Casad and Ckll.

Clypeus not shining 3

3. Clypeus with a median ridge; stigma pale red sapellonis Ckll.

Clypeus with no median ridge; stigma very dark

nudimediocornis Vier.

The male falls in my table in the vicinity of A. placida Sm.

(as det. by Viereck) and A. nigritarsus Vier. and Ckll., both

of which are smaller and less robust. In A. placida the stigma

is clear orange, in A. nigritarsis it is dusky red. In another

table of males A. nudimediocornis falls with those having the

tarsi dark and the sides of face without black hair, and then

goes next to A. navajorum Vier. and Ckll., which has much

longer antennae and is otherwise very different. Both sexes run

more or less readily to A. campanula Vier. and Ckll., which is

in fact a similar species. The female A. campanula has a much

narrower face, and white scopa on hind tibiae.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS RETICULITERMES

HOLMGREN

BY A. L. PICKENS

University of California , Berkeley , California

The following observations were made chiefly at the Univer-

sity of California between the autumn of 1928 and the early part

of the present year, 1932. Some of the findings appear to

differ in important aspects from those of previous workers.

The genus Reticulitermes occurs in a broken circle around

the earth, almost altogether in the temperate zone, except for

extensions along mountain ranges or cooler seacoasts. The

range for the genus appears to be limited on the north by tem-

peratures too cool for breeding, and on the south by tempera-

tures too warm, queens being inclined to an aestival as well as

a hibernal surcease from egg laying. Ranges for the species

seem to be determined also by differences in humidity. In the

Nearctic the ranges of the three chief species correspond

roughly to the three subregions of Wallace’s “Geographical Dis-

tribution of Animals” (1876). Comparative studies show that

even the dry wood termite Kalotermes minor Hagen is most

abundant near mild foggy seashores, somewhat common inland

near large streams and lakes, and absent from the dryer areas,

decrease being proportional to moisture content in the air.

Observations made chiefly on Reticulitermes hesperus Banks

bring out the following points: Infestation rarely takes place

through flying pairs, but usually occurs through the ground,

from insects which, after migrating, have a supplementary

reproductive pair bred from among their number.

The rarely established primary colony, judging from labora-

tory and field experience, develops very slowly, the most suc-

cessful colonies being aggregates of the offspring of several

pairs, eventually collected under a single pair, that survived

the conflict incident to such groupings.

Colony increase in the primary colony, as observed in the

laboratory and field, is a very slow process, few eggs being

deposited the first year, usually about twelve, and these eggs

require on the average more than fifty days for hatching. The

first eggs hatch in little more than a month after laying, the

periods for the others increasing gradually until the last egg may

APRIL, 1932] PICKENS RETICULITERMES

179

require almost four months. The worker attains maturity by a

series of instars lasting, respectively, approximately one-half,

one, two, four, eight and apparently sixteen months. In soldiers

and alates the last instar is shortened by several months, and

soldiers appear to omit one or more final instars depending on

their adult size. First soldiers in primary colonies attain maturity

much earlier, and are much smaller in size than soldiers from

larger colonies.

The chief factor in general population increase seems to be

the brachypterous secondary queen, which reaches the egg-

laying period earlier, and lays far more abundantly than either

the primary reproductive, or the apterous form, except in rare

cases where apterous reproductives have an abundance of

retainers. Conjecture both on the part of popular and scientific

writers has exaggerated the importance of the winged repro-

ductives.

Theoretically, the queen appears to inhibit passively the full

development of additional queens by some secretion from her

body on which her attendants feed. Nymphs of groups isolated

with reproductives do not develop into functional reproductives,

while secondary reproductives do develop in about eight weeks

in groups of nymphs and workers isolated without reproduc-

tives. Alates appear to develop in a part of the colony at a

distance from the cells the queen chiefly inhabits. Every step

of intergradation between workers and alates occurs, and some,

at least, of the workers appear to be inhibited reproductives

capable of developing into apterous queens. Those nymphs

most closely in attendance on the queen would appear to be

most completely inhibited and to develop into workers.

In the case of a soldier a difference in the egg is indicated.

Soldier eggs appear to be laid at considerable intervals after the

main group of eggs, and to require longer periods for hatching.

Heretofore the inclination has been to classify undifferentiated

nymphs into a sterile soldier-worker group and a fertile repro-

ductive group. Indications appear to warrant a new grouping.

It would seem better to presuppose a soldier group and a

worker-reproductive group, workers supposedly having evolved

from primary reproductives through brachypterous repro-

ductives.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. \

Periods of swarming in the eastern humid states appear to be

controlled by rise of temperature in the spring, and in the dryer

western states by rise in the amount of moisture during autumn.

Reticulitermes he s per us and its congener R. tibialis Banks are

strikingly similar in markings and general habits of the colony.

The chief difference lies in geographical distribution, reaction

to moisture content of soil, and in the degree of pugnacity in

the various castes of the two species.

Fertile crossings of R. hesperus males with R. tibialis females

have been accomplished in the laboratory, as has also the fertile

crossing of the unpigmented primary with the pigmented in

R. hesperus.

Numerous experiments fail to show a single case of adoption

of a foreign pair, either primary or supplementary, by a group

from another colony. Rather they are viciously attacked, their

bodies chewed up, mixed with wood pulp and buried on the

floor of the burrow, a rude approximation of the embalming

process pursued by bees with certain invaders.

Egg numbers in the first clutch of a primary colony run

from four to twelve or fifteen. Fertilization of the egg takes

place in the female’s body. Copulation may occur as early as

the next day after swarming, and recurrences take place for

months afterwards. Thus the earliest eggs have appeared in

twelve days after the swarming of the pair, while with other

pairs no eggs were found until the following spring.

There appears to have been a marked increase of Reticuli-

termes population noticeable in recent years, chiefly in the

regions of R. hesperus. This has been occasioned by the favor-

able temperature, moisture, and food supplied by modern build-

ing, landscaping and other developmental methods. Preventive

methods along the lines of proper construction rather than

resort to poisons and insecticides appears advisable.

The above constitutes a digest of three papers on Reticuli-

termes read before the meetings of the Association for the

Advancement of Science and the Western Society of Natural-

ists. A detailed report will be published later.

APRIL, 1932]

ZIMMERMAN A NEW AULETES

181

A NEW AULETES FROM CALIFORNIA

(Curculionidae, Coleoptera)

BY E. C. ZIMMERMAN

Oakland, California

Auletes mariposae Zimmerman, n. sp.

Small, robust, shining, submetallic, greenish blue, darker

beneath, prothorax and head usually with violaceous reflections,

antennae black ; pile sparse, suberect, rather long, white.

Head wider than long, sparsely and coarsely punctate, with a

median frontal carina which is divergent anteriorly to form a number

of small carinse on the base of the beak, less pronounced or obsolete

in the female, rugose beneath, at the sides and at the base; eyes very

prominent; beak stout, longer than prothorax, finely and sparsely

punctate above, sides with large, deep, broad punctures; scrobes

broad, beginning near middle of the beak; antennae inserted at basal

third, club large, loosely articulated, densely pubescent, shorter than

the preceding portion of the antenna, the third segment acute, tri-

angular. Prothorax wider than long, apex much narrower than base,

disk smooth or sparsely punctured, more coarsely and closely in

front and at sides, a vague longitudinal carina often present. Elytra

two-fifths wider than prothorax, one-fourth longer than wide, each

elytron rounded at its apex, lateral margins subparallel, disk unevenly,

irregularly punctate. Posterior margin of first ventral segment

slightly bisinuate, the following segments with straight margins. Ab-

domen moderately, coarsely punctate. Tarsal claws armed with a

large tooth. Length 1.5 mm. to 2.5 mm., from the base of rostrum

to the apex of the elytra; breadth .8 mm. to 1.5 mm.

The female differs from the male in being larger, more robust, in

having the median carina of the head much less developed or entirely

absent, and in having a shallow impression on the posterior margin

of the first ventral segment.

Holotype, male (No. 3623, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.). Allo-

type, female (No. 3624, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.), and thir-

teen paratypes taken by the author at Crane Flat, Mariposa

County, Yosemite National Park, California, on August 2, 1930.

Designated paratypes in Dr. E. C. Van Dyke’s collection de-

posited in the Museum, California Academy of Sciences; the

remainder in the author’s collection.

In Pierce’s key 1 this species would come between ruftpennis

Pierce, and viridis Pierce. It most closely resembles Auletes

viridis Pierce. However, the general facies of mariposce is

1 Pierce, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Vol. 37, 1909, pp. 326-327.

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

quite distinct. It may be distinguished from A. viridis as

follows: greenish blue instead of green, larger, more robust,

the pile whiter, more erect, longer and sparser, the antennae

inserted at the basal third of the beak, not at the basal fourth

as in viridis, the club shorter than the preceding portion of the

antenna and loosely articulated, the two being equal in viridis

and the club more compact, the sutures between the segments

less deeply impressed, and the apical segment more rounded

and not acute as in mariposa, the first ventral segment slightly

bisinuate on its posterior margin instead of straight, and the

punctation not as coarse and close as in viridis.

Mr. L. L. Buchanan, who very kindly compared mariposa

with the type of viridis writes the following interesting note:

“The antenna of viridis is peculiar in that the funicle is only

six-segmented in three of the four specimens, the third and

fourth segments being fused. The type specimen has a seven-

jointed funicle, although the suture between segments three and

four does not seem to be as deep as usual.”

I have compared mariposce with two specimens of viridis

found in the Koebele collection at the California Academy of

Sciences. These specimens were collected in Siskiyou County,

and are thus undoubtedly of the series from which the type of

viridis was selected.

Note on the Antenna and Frons of Larvae

OF THE CURCULIONHLE

To those interested in classification characters presented by

larvae of this family, the suggestion is made that Otiorhynchine

forms may be separated from all others, first by shape of the

apical antennal segment, and secondly, by the absence of a

median frontal carina. All of the information the writer has

been able to gather up to the present indicates that Otiorhyn-

chine larvae have a transversely oval and usually rather large

apical antennal segment. In the remainder of the family this

segment is quite small as compared to the basal part, is round,

and often conical. Criticism of these suggestions will be wel-

comed. — H. H. Keifer, California Department of Agriculture,

Sacramento, California.

APRIL, 1932] BEAMER A NEW ERYTHRONEURA

183

A NEW ERYTHRONEURA RELATED TO ERYTHRO-

NEURA RUBRICATA (VAN D.)

(Homoptera, Cicadellidse)

BY R. H. BEAMER 1

In visiting various portions of Florida in 1930 on a bio-

logical survey trip for the Snow Entomological Collection the

grape leaf hopper Erythroneura rubric at a (Van D.) was found

to be one of the most common species. The recording of several

host plants and the describing of a new closely related species

is the object of the present paper.

Erythroneura rubricata (Van D.)

Typhlocyba rubricata Van Duzee, E. P., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sc., IX,

p. 229, 1909.

Vertex and scutellum dark yellow, remainder of dorsum

coppery red, at least in summer specimens. A pale yellow vitta

along costa. Face and sternum yellow, venter of abdomen

darker.

Genitalia. Pygofer hook single, short, heavy at base, tapering

rapidly to narrow, almost parallel-sided, slightly curved shaft. Style

with medium foot; heel small but distinct; base of foot almost

straight; anterior point short, slightly less than a right angle; pos-

terior point about as long as foot, narrow, projecting at about right

angles. Oedagus of less than medium length, more than half as wide

as long at base; in dorsal view wide at base, narrowing almost to tip,

where it ends in an arrow-shaped head with outer corners of arrow-

head projecting backward as sharp spines or hooks.

Three hundred and sixty-six specimens of this species were

taken as follows : From Ascyrum hypericoides (L.) at Hilliard,

Florida; Suwanee Springs, Florida; Wildwood, Florida; Bran-

ford, Florida; Inverness, Florida; and Fort Meade, Florida.

From Hypericum densiflorum Pursh., at Hilliard, Florida.

From Hypericum aspalathoides Willd. at Loughman, Florida.

Erythroneura mixta Beamer, n. sp.

Resembles Erythroneura rubricata (Van D.) in general

color of dorsum. It may be separated from that species by the

dark face and sternum in both winter and summer forms and

usually by the brownish yellow dorsal coloring of the summer

i Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of

Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

forms instead of the coppery red of E. tubricata (Van D.).

The cedagus of the male of E. mixta is slender with three

hooks at tip while that of E. rubricata is broad and flat with two

large recurving hooks.

Summer specimens. General ground color lemon yellow darkened

to light brown on pronotum, clavus and most of tegmen. Dark

dorsum of abdomen lends to this median longitudinal darker area.

In many specimens pronotum and scutellum have faint tinge of pink.

Venter generally of about same color as dorsum or darker. Legs

quite dark, spines of hind tibia fuscous.

IVinter specimens. General ground color of dorsum reddish brown

to reddish fuscous, lighter toward margins. Venter quite dark, almost

black, in some specimens. Spines black.

Genitalia. Pygofer hook single, short, heavy at base, tapering to

a rather sharp point, usually more slender than in E. rubricata. Style

with narrow foot of medium length; heel small but prominent; base

almost straight; anterior point short, less than a right angle, not

quite so long as foot is wide; posterior point straight, about as long

as foot, quite narrow and sharp pointed. Oedagus short, slightly

curved in lateral view, tapering from base to tip, where it ends in

three narrow, curved, equidistant processes which are about as long

as oedagus is wide, extending at right angles to shaft.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and numerous paratypes,

Plant City, Florida, August 15, 1930, R. H. Reamer. Para-

type males and females, Ponce de Leon, Florida, P. W. Oman,

December 31, 1931. Types deposited in Snow Entomological

Collection, paratypes in United States National Museum.

The specimens from Plant City, Florida, were taken on

Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. The plants were growing about

a pool of water located in a wild grass meadow. The Ponce de

Leon specimens were taken on Hypericum aspalathoides Willd.

A NEW FEATURE

As a measure of economy it has been deemed advisable to

publish the minutes of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. The Publication Com-

mittee felt this would be better than raising the price of the

journal. When times are better and subscriptions come in more

promptly separate publications of the minutes can be resumed.

In the meantime it is hoped our subscribers will find some-

thing of interest in these minutes. — Editor.

APRIL, 1932]

PROCEEDINGS

185

Proceedings of the Pacific Coast Entomological

Society

One Hundred and Twenty-Second Meeting

The 122nd meeting of the Society was called to order in Room 10

of the San Francisco Ferry Building at 8:30 p. m., September 6, 1930,

President Van Dyke in the chair. Twenty members and six visitors

present. In the absence of the secretary, Mr. R. F. Sternitzky was

asked to act as secretary pro tern. The reading of the minutes and

other current business was postponed until the next meeting.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke introduced Mr. Eaton of Cornell University,

who has done work under Prof. Forbes, Mr. H. H. Caldwell from

the University of Arizona, Mr. N. S. Noble, an economic entomolo-

gist from Australia, Mr. Arthur D. Borden, who worked with Dr.

Kellogg for some time, and Mr. Theron Davis.

Mr. Robert Usinger proposed Mr. Don Kelley for membership

and Mr. C. Gorton Linsley proposed Mr. E. C. Zimmerman. Both

were unanimously elected.

Dr. Van Dyke reported the death of Mrs. Anna Batsford Com-

stock and of Mr. Norman R. Gunn, the latter one of the active

younger members of the Society, who was drowned while on a

collecting trip to northern California.

This being the annual meeting of the Society the President called

upon the members present for a report on their work during the

summer:

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee reported a hasty collecting trip by automo-

bile through the “Mother Lode” country from Grass Valley and

Downieville through Placerville and Jackson to Sonora and Long

Barn. Also a number of shorter trips, one to Clear Lake being most

productive.

Mr. J. E. Cottle reported on three successful trips 1 after butter-

flies.

Mr. Robert Wind reported an extensive collecting trip to the

Grand Canyon, the Yellowstone National Park, and the Grand Teton.

At the latter place he took many fine specimens, including the new

race of Heodes heteronea recently described by Dr. Klotz.

Mr. L. W. Saylor reported good collecting in the San Diego

region.

Mr. Robert Usinger spoke briefly of collecting Hemiptera in the

Grand Canyon and other National Parks. He met a number of ento-

mologists and netted a good deal of interesting material, among

which were some Yucca borers.

Mr. E. C. Zimmerman worked at Mather and Hetch Hetchy, but

found the season too dry for good collecting.

1 An interesting- account of these appears in Vol. VIII, No. 1, of the

Pan-Pacific Entomologist.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Mr. Michael Douderoff also found the season too late in the

Mount Shasta region and moved on to the district about Crater

Lake. At Diamond Lake, Oregon, he captured three forms of

Euphydryas, editha, aurilacus edithana and colonia, and reported that

edithana was mating with aurilacus on several occasions. Euphydryas

colon, Oeneis nevadensis and Melitaa segregata were also captured at

Diamond Lake. A less successful trip to Mendocino County after

Argynnis behrensi was also reported.

Mr. R. F. Blackwelder spent a part of the winter and spring in

Panama collecting beetles. He reported a very successful trip, bring-

ing home about 15,000 insects.

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell told of a trip to Yosemite Valley. He took a

good series of Coniontis rotundicollis among moist pine needles at the

foot of the Bridal Veil Fall. Many Dendroctonus were observed

flying in the evening and large numbers of Buprestids were beaten

from the Iris in the meadows.

Mr. Howard Hinton collected in the Placerville district, taking

several specimens of a rare Valgus on dead leaves. Their larvae were

found in dead wood associated with termites. Many other interesting

insects were taken.

Mr. Gorton Linsley spent from the first of June to the middle of

July in Arizona and Texas. In Arizona the season was too early

for good collecting, but many beetles were taken about store

windows, where they had been attracted by the light. In Texas the

season proved just right, especially at Brownsville, where there is a

subtropical flora. About 10,000 specimens of beetles were taken.

Mr. A. T. MacClay reported taking a trip through the Pinoche

country with Dr. Van Dyke, Mr. Linsley and Mr. Zimmermann. At

Merced they found the country too dry, so they proceeded to Bakers-

field and on up the Kern River to Havilah, where they were too

early for good work. Going on to the Greenhorn Mountains they

found it still too early but conditions excellent for later work. At

Sequoia National Park they met with excellent success. A second

trip to Fallen Leaf Lake and the district toward Meyers yielded some

good species.

Mr. G. R. Wilson gave a short but interesting talk on the work

of the quarantine office of the State Department of Agriculture.

Dr. H. E. Burke followed with a short report on his work, and

observations on various species of thrips found in the Palo Alto

district. Mr. J. B. Steinweden gave a short synopsis of various local

collecting trips in the Bay region and exhibited several interesting

species of thrips.

Dr. Van Dyke reported on an extensive trip he took with Mrs.

Van Dyke. They went by way of Truckee to Steamboat Springs,

Nevada, and then across that state to Salt Lake and Provo, Utah,

and north to Logan, with a trip through Logan Canyon. From

Logan they went to Idaho Falls and on to Yellowstone National

Park, where collecting proved excellent. After visiting the Geyser

APRIL, 1932]

PROCEEDINGS

187

Basin they turned south to Yellowstone Lake and the Great Teton,

then turning north they visited the Yellowstone Gorge and Mam-

moth Hot Springs, where many Lepidoptera were taken, but it

proved to be too early for Coleoptera. From Yellowstone Park they

went to the Glacier National Park and across Montana and Idaho

to Spokane and Wenatchee, Washington, over Stevens Pass, where

the collecting was excellent. It was interesting to note that the same

species were taken in the sagebrush country, no matter where it was

located.

Mr. R. H. Sternitzky reported taking over forty Argynnis clemenci

at Atascadero. At Moro Beach great numbers of Melitcea palla were

flocking about the beach verbena in April, and upon returning in

June he found a second brood flying at the same place. In the

Mojave Desert Anthocharis cethura and deserti were taken during

early April. At the beginning of May a long series of Euphydryas

rubicunda was taken, and Argynnis malcomi and a number of other

species were found at Mammoth Lake and vicinity in July. Several

other trips were taken to various parts of California and about 2500

specimens were secured during the season. He also reported a visit

to Los Angeles, where he met a number of the local entomologists

there.

After a short general discussion the meeting adjourned.

R. F. Sternitzky, Secretary Pro Tem.

The One Hundred and Twenty-Third Meeting

The 123d meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was

held Saturday evening, December 6, 1930, at eight o’clock in the

rooms of the California State Department of Agriculture, Room 10,

Ferry Building, San Francisco. Ten members and three visitors were

present, Dr. Van Dyke in the chair. The minutes of the three pre-

ceding meetings and the Treasurer’s report were read and approved.

The Secretary then read a communication from Mr. Fred C. Hadden

of the Philippine Agricultural College enclosing $50 in payment for

a life membership in the Society. The acceptance of this sum in

payment of life membership for Mr. Hadden was moved and sec-

onded and passed by a unanimous vote. By a similar vote a transfer

of $50 to the credit of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist was ordered.

President Van Dyke then appointed Prof. R. W. Doane and E. P.

Van Duzee as delegates to represent the Society at the affiliation

meeting of the Pacific Division of the American Association for the

Advancement of Science.

Mr. Van Duzee then proposed the name of Mr. Paul C. Wilbur

for membership and he was unanimously elected.

The Chair then named Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, Mr. G. R. Wilson

and Mr. Robert Usinger a committee on nominations. Before ad-

journment they submitted the following list of officers for the ensuing

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. \

year: President, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke; for Vice-President, Prof. G. F.

Ferris; for Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. J. O. Martin. These officers

were duly elected.

Mr. J. B. Steinweden then spoke of the proposed visit of Mr.

Stanley Flanders to Australia in search of parasites of the citricola

scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana, and called attention to the

close relationship existing between this species and the soft brown

scale, Coccus hesperidium Linn. The citricola scale is primarily a

pest of citrus and in the adult stage infests the twigs of its host while

the soft brown scale infests ornamental and greenhouse plants as

well as citrus and usually is found on the leaves along the midrib.

Mr. Flanders and others believe that Australia is the native home of

the citrus scale and he is going there to seek its parasites. This

scale is often taken in quarantine on citrus from Japan and there is

some question if it be not native there.

Mr. J. O. Martin then reported on his trip to Texas. Accom-

panied by Mr. E. Gorton Linsley he left San Francisco about the

first of June. The principal stops for collecting were made at Uvalde,

Texas, where a severe rainstorm interfered with collecting, and at

Austin, where two days were spent. From there a visit was made

to the cave where the unique Comstockia subterranea Van Dyke was

taken by Dr. John H. Comstock many years ago. Mr. Martin stated

that this was his fifth visit to this cave in search of this rare beetle,

but he had found no trace of it. A week spent at Brownsville brought

good collecting although, owing to the increased citrus culture, the

subtropical conditions described by Prof. Wickham had been partially

eliminated. On the return, stops for collecting were made in the

Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains, where fair collecting was

found.

Mr. Jack Beller then told of the activities of the Los Angeles

group of entomologists and spoke of finding a new species of

Platynus in the bogs of Washington while working under Dr. Hatch.

Mr. Van Duzee then called attention to the new wing to be added

to the buildings of the California Academy of Sciences in which will

be the new home of the Department of Entomology. The space

allotted to this department is about 30 by 135 feet, or about 4000

square feet of floor space, over four times the space available for this

department in the old building. He also called the attention of the

members to the list of the butterflies of Los Angeles County by

Mr. Jeane D. Gunder, recently published in the Bulletin of the

Southern California Academy of Sciences, and reported that Mrs.

Joseph Gunn of Berkeley has presented to the Academy the col-

lection of over 3000 butterflies made by her son, the late Norman R.

Gunn, a part of which will be utilized in the formation of a collection

of determined local species for the use of beginners who may visit

the Academy to name their captures.

President Van Dyke then gave an account of some lost species

of California insects. Omus submetallicus Horn, now known only by

APRIL, 1932]

PROCEEDINGS

189

a single specimen in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of

Sciences, that has been searched for by many collectors in all parts

of the state but without success. Calosoma subaneum Chd., originally

taken near Fresno, and Elaphrus viridis Horn, labeled simply “Cali-

fornia,” still remain unrecovered although diligent search has been

made for them. Among the butterflies Cercyonis sthenele Bdv., taken

in the early days in San Francisco, has never been retaken and may

have become extinct. It is represented by a single specimen in the

Academy collection and a few others in the Barnes collection at the

National Museum and in the Holland collection at the Carnegie

Museum. T _

J. O. Martin, Secretary.

The One Hundred and Twenty-Fourth Meeting

The 124th meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

was held on Saturday evening, February 28, 1931, in the rooms of

the California State Department of Agriculture, Room 10, Ferry

Building, San Francisco. Nine members and one visitor were in

attendance. President Van Dyke in the chair.

After the reading and approval of the minutes Dr. Van Dyke

submitted a statement regarding the finances of the Pan-Pacific

Entomologist and suggested that the Society obligate itself to meet

the expense of publishing one quarterly number each year in case

the income from subscriptions and other sources should prove insuffi-

cient. After discussion this matter was left for consideration at a

fuller meeting of the Society.

The Chair then appointed Mr. J. B. Steinweden as chairman of

a committee to arrange for the annual field meeting to be held

April 19, 1931.

Mr. Donald Kelly proposed the name of Mr. Theron Davis for

membership and he was unanimously elected.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee reported that he had recently rearranged

the determined Orthoptera in the collection of the California Academy

of Sciences and that the nearly 6000 specimens in the collection repre-

sent 460 species, most of which were determined for the Academy

by Mr. Morgan Hebard.

Mr. Kelly exhibited specimens of Tragidion armatum from the

Grand Canyon, and Mr. Elwood Zimmerman exhibited a large

female of Dascyllus davidsoni , the females of this species being rarely

taken.

Dr. L. I. Hewes reported on his summer’s butterfly collecting in

northern Arizona and southern Utah. He stated that the season in

Zion National Park was good from the first of March on, but that

in Colorado collecting was best in late June and early July, and in

Arizona in late July.

Dr. Van Dyke announced the completion of his paper on the

Elateridae. He discussed the subfamily Plastocerinae, mentioning

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

some of the complicated taxonomic problems encountered in this

group and exhibited several of his new species and a number of the

rare wingless females of Plastocerus and related genera.

Mr. E. R. Leach discussed Cremastocheilus, stating that although

he had taken several hundred specimens of this interesting genus he

had found but two in ants’ nests. Most of his specimens had been

taken in sandy or dusty places.

Mr. Van Duzee reported having taken a Limonitis canus on the

San Francisco sand dunes that had “snapped” 1000 times quite regu-

larly during two hours he had held it in his hand for observation.

It was released when it showed signs of exhaustion.

Dr. Hewes reported that an eastern man had gotten some inter-

esting photographic results from placing butterfly wings on photo-

graphic plates and exposing them to light.

Adjournment.

Gorton Linsley, Acting Secretary.

The One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth Meeting

The 125th meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

was the annual field meeting and was held at Russellman Park

near Clayton, Contra Costa County, on April 19, 1931. This park is

situated on the east slope of Mount Diablo. Twenty-nine members

and visitors were present.

The weather proved propitious and the collecting conditions good,

and many interesting species were taken by the members, among

them a large ground-inhabiting Clerid, first taken by Mr. E. C.

Zimmerman and later found in numbers by Dr. Van Dyke and

Mr. Gorton Linsley. Lunch was served near the swimming tank

after which many of the members returned to the collecting grounds

for more work in the afternoon.

R. L. Usinger, Secretary Pro Tem.

Amblycheila SCHWARZI

Mr. Charles F. Schaeffer writes me that the Amblycheila

I recently reported from California is schwarzi W. H. Having

since seen a specimen of the true picolomini Rche. I am pre-

pared to accept his correction. — J. O. Martin.

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME EIGHT

July, 1931, to April, 1932

San Francisco, California

1932

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VIII

Ball, E. D.

New Species of Phlepsius with Notes on Others 85

Barrett, R. E.

New Coleoptera from California 171

Beamer, R. H.

A New Erythroneura Related to Erythroneura rubricata 183

Benjamin, F. H.

Notes and Descriptions, American Notodontidae 55

Bequaert, J.

A New Subspecies of Trichophthalma from Western

Australia 163

Blackwelder, R. E.

The Sphaeridiinae of the Pacific Coast 19

The Genus Endeodes LeConte 128

Blaisdell, F. E.

Studies in the Tenebrionidas, No. Ill 41

Two New Species of Eleodes from Utah 74

Chamberlin, J. C.

On some False Scorpions of the superfamily Cheiridi-

oidea 137

Chamberlain, W. J.

A New Species of Buprestidae from California 47

Cockerell, T. D. A.

The Vespula Marginata of Kirby 161

Bees of the Genus Andrena from California 173

Cottle, J. E.

Where Some Rare Butterflies Fly 1

Drake, C. J.

An Undescribed Tingitid from Borneo and Straits Set-

tlement 96

Drake, C. J., and Harris, H. M.

Further Notes on Genus Rhagovelia.. 33

An Undescribed Water-Strider from Honduras 157

Ill

Essig, E. O.

The Negro Scale in California 36

Note on the Redwood Scale 48

The California Salmon Fly 162

Exline, Harriet

Scorpionidea from Washington 84

Fall, H. C.

Four New Buprestidse from Arizona 81

Diphyllostoma : A Third Species 159

Felt, E. P.

A New Predaceous Gall Midge for California 175

Gunder, J. D.

A Few New Butterflies 123

A New Butterfly Record for California 158

Hall, D. G.

Two New Species of Sarcophaginae from California 52

Hatch, M. H.

Note on Pacific Coast Sphseridiinae 78

Hatch, M. H., and Beller, S.

A Preliminary Catalogue of the Chrysomelidae of

Oregon 102

Hicks, C. H.

On the Digger Wasp, Podalonia luctuosa Sm., 49

Iveifer, H. H.

California Microlepidoptera, V 61

Ivlyver, F. D.

Preliminary Note on Paedogenesis in a CecidomyikL 9

New Records and Two New Species of Chermidae from

British Columbia and Washington, with Biological

Notes 11

Knight, H. H.

Two New Species of Macrotylus from the Western

United States 79

Light, S. F.

The Termites of Nevada 5

Linsley, E. G.

A New Species of Molorchus from California 37

The Lucanid Genus Diphyllostoma 109

Notes and Descriptions of Some New and Old Genera

and Species of North American Oemini and Methiini..ll2

Martin, J. O.

A New Telegeusis from Arizona 91

A New California Epicauta 169

Pacific Coast Entomological Society, Proceedings 185

Pickens, A. L.

Observations on the Genus Reticulitermes 178

Sternitzky, R. F.

A Locality of Argynnis behrensii Edws 170

Usinger, R. L.

Miscellaneous Studies in the Hemicocephalkke 145

Van Duzee, E. P.

Four New Neotropical Heteroptera 93

The New Entomological Laboratory of the California

Academy of Sciences 97

Numbering Types 101

Van Duzee, M. C.

A New Species of Dolichopodidse in the Collection of

the California Academy of Sciences 17

Zimmerman, E. C.

A New Auletes from California. 181

INDEX TO VOLUME VIII

191

Acmaeodera carlotta Fall, 81.

lineipicta Fall, 81.

Agrilus nodicomis Fall, 82.

Amblycheila in California, 111,

190.

Andrena cleodora Vier., 173.

melanodora Ckll., 173.

nudimediocornis Vier., 176.

zygadeni Ckll., 174.

Anthocharis r. broweri Gndr.,

124.

Aonidia shastae Colm., 48.

Aphalara vancouverensis Klv., 11.

Aphodius s. sheldoni Bartt., 172.

Apocheiridium, key, 138.

eruditum Chmb., 139.

inexpectum Chmb., 139.

Argia, wanted, 172.

Argynnis, artonis Edw. 3.

behrensii Edw., 170.

erinna Edw., 3.

gunderi Comst., 2.

liliana H. Edw., 1.

Argyra javanensis V. D., 17.

Arocera repleta V. D., 94.

Auletes mariposae Zimm., 181.

Brenthis a. banffensis Gndr., 125.

Buprestidae, 47, 81.

Cercyon, key, 22.

Cercyonis wheeleri Edw., 3.

Chamberlin, W. J., Notes by, 60,

90.

Chermidae of British Columbia,

11 .

Chlorocoris aemulus V. D., 93.

Chrysomelidae of Oregon, 102.

Cryptorhynchus lepathi L., 90.

Curculionidae, larvae, 182.

Dendroides pacificus Bartt., 171.

Diphyllostoma, 109, 159.

linsleyi Fall, 160.

Diploiulus luscus Mein., 60.

Disonycha latiovittata Htch., 108.

Doane’s Common Pests, review,

95.

Dolichopodidae, 17.

Elateridae, book review, 136.

Eleodes paradoxa Blsd., 78.

strumosa Blsd., 76.

tanneri Blsd., 74.

Endeodes, 128.

insularis Blckw., 134.

rugiceps Blckw., 135.

Entomological Laboratory, Calif.

Acad. Sci., 97.

Ephestia k. fuscofasciella Rag.,

156.

Epicauta magnomaculata Mrtn.,

169.

Erythroneura mixta Bemr., 183.

rubricata V. D., 183.

Eucordylea mackiei Kfr., 61.

Euphydryas c. fenderi Gndr., 125.

c. hennei Gndr., 126.

a. mayi Gndr., 126.

c. svihlae Gndr., 126.

a. venusta Gndr., 127.

Exline, H., Note by, 84.

Exoteleia burkei Kfr., 65.

Galerucella spiraeophila Htch.,

107.

Gelechia braunella Kfr., 67.

b. arborei Kfr., 69.

demissae Kfr., 70.

versutella Zell., 54.

Glyptoscelimorpha viridis Chmb.,

47.

Gunder, J. D., Review by, 39.

Gunn collection, 90.

Haplidus, key, 113.

antennatus Linsl., 115.

palpalis Linsl., 114.

Hawaiian Insects, Handbook, 46.

Helops fresnoensis Blsd., 44.

Hemitrioza washingtonia Klv., 14.

Henicocephalidae, keys, 145.

Heterocampa astaroides Benj.,

59.

secessionis Benj., 60.

Holland's Butterfly Book, review,

39, 40.

Homohadena f. picina Grt., 60.

Janassa alpica Benj., 55.

delicatoides Benj., 55.

pinalensis Benj., 55.

192

INDEX TO VOLUME VIII

Keifer, H. H., Notes by, 54, 60,

156, 182.

Leach, E. R., personal, 46.

Litodonta alpina Benj., 56.

Macrotylus polymonii Kngt., 79.

vanduzeei Kngt., 80.

Martin, J. O., Notes by, 111, 190.

Melanophila arcuata Fall, 83.

Methia fragilis Linsl., 121.

Methiini, key, 120.

Micropleidoptera, 61.

Molorchus eburneus Linsl., 37.

Mormidea purpurescens V. D., 93.

Notodontidae, 55.

Nyctoporus vandykei Blsd., 41.

Oeme rotundicollis Linsl., 116.

Oemini, key, 112.

Pacific Coast Ent. Soc., Proceed-

ings, 185.

Paedogenesis in Cecidomyiidae, 9.

Pagasa luctuosa V. D., 94.

Parnassius c. dodgei Gndr., 123.

e. kohlsaati Gndr., 123.

c. sulfureus Gndr., 124.

Phlepsius, notes, 85.

d. carpolus Ball, 87.

condalianus Ball, 89.

lycioides Ball, 88.

1. mohavensis Ball, 88.

nevadus Ball, 87.

oregonus Ball, 85.

c. ursinus Ball, 89.

Phyciodes tharos Drury, 158.

Phyllontocheila admiranda

Drake, 96.

Plebeius argyrotoxus Behr., 4.

boharti Gndr., 127.

kohlsaati Gndr., 127.

i. moroensis Stern., 2.

Podalonia luctuosa Sm., 49.

Praeschausia Benj., 57.

Pseudocheiridium, key, 137.

Pseudoscorpions, 137, 144.

Pteronarcys californica Newp.,

162.

Rhagovelia hirtipes D. and H., 35.

reposita D. and H., 33.

Rheumatobates clanis D, and H.,

157.

Saissetia nigra Ntnr., 36.

Sarcophagidae, 52.

Sarcophaga beamed Hall, 52.

omani Hall, 53.

Schizura paradisus Benj., 56.

Scorpionidea, 84.

Silvestrina koebelei Felt, 167.

Sphaeridiinae, 19, 20, 78.

Sternophorus, key, 140.

ferrisi Chmb., 143.

hirsti Chmb., 143.

paludis Chmb., 142.

Styloxus, 122.

Systelloderus crassatus Usng.,

151.

nitidus Usng., 152.

Telegeusis nubifer Mtn., 91.

Temnochila sonorana Bartt., 171.

Tenebrionidae, 41.

Termites of Nevada, 5.

notes on, 178.

Trichophthalma b. wheeleri Beq.,

164.

Types, numbering, 101.

Van Duzee, E. P., Notes and Re-

views by, 40, 46, 90, 92, 95,

136, 144.

Vandykea Linsl., 118.

tuberculata Linsl., 1 18. '

Vespula marginata Kirby., 161.

Williamson, E. B., Note by, 172.

Zerene e. doudoroffi Gndr., 125.

A MANUAL OF THE GENERA OF BEETLES OF

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

Keys to the genera and higher groups of Coleoptera, with

a taxonomic list of genera. By J. Chester Bradley, Professor

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