National Museums National Museum
of Canada of Natural Sciences
Ottawa 1975
Publications
in Biological
Oceanography, No. 8
A New Species of Centrolophid Fish
from Easter Island and Rapa Iti Island
in the South Pacific
Don E. McAllister and John E. Randall
. OF at Oe | ‘¥,—
5 | ~~ FU ITS
Publications
d’Océanographie
biologique, n°8
Musées nationaux Musée national des
du Canada Sciences naturelles
A New Species of Centrolophid Fish
from Easter Island and Rapa Iti Island
in the South Pacific
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Publications in Biological
Oceanography, No. 8
Published by the
National Museums of Canada
Staff Editor
Bonnie Livingstone
Musée national des Sciences naturelles
Publications d’Océanographie
biologique, n°8
Publié par les
Musées nationaux du Canada
A New Species of Centrolophid Fish
from Easter Island and Rapa Iti Island
in the South Pacific
Don E. McAllister and John E. Randall
©Crown copyrights reserved
National Museum of Natural Sciences
National Museums of Canada
Ottawa, Canada
First quarter 1975
Catalogue No. NM95-7/8
Available by mail
from the
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0M8
P0987654321
Y798765
Printed in Canada
©Droits réservés au nom de la Couronne
Musée national des Sciences naturelles
Musées nationaux du Canada
Ottawa, Canada
Premiére trimestre 1975
N° de catalogue NM95-7/8
L’editeur remplit les commandes postales
adressées aux
Musée national des Sciences naturelles
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A O0M8
T0987654321
A798765
Imprimé au Canada
Contents
List of Figures, vi
Summary, vii
Résumé, vii
Resumen, vii
Biographical Note, viii
Acknowledgements, ix.
Introduction, 1
Taxonomy, 1
Discussion, 4
References Cited, 6
vi
List of Figures
1
Lateral, dorsal and frontal views of the holotype of Schedophilus
labyrinthicus n.sp., 1
2
Schedophilus labyrinthicus n.sp., 2
3
Schedophilus ovalis (Valenciennes), 4
Summary
Four specimens from the marine shore waters of Easter Island (Isla de
Pascua) and Rapa Iti Island in the South Pacific Ocean are referred
to the genus Schedophilus and described as a new species,
Schedophilus labyrinthicus. The holotype is deposited in the National
Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.
Résumé
Quatre spécimens provenant des eaux cétiéres de I’ile de Paques (Isla
de Pascua) et de l’ile de Rapa Iti, dans le sud de l’océan Pacifique, et se
rattachant au genre Schedophilus ont servi a décrire une nouvelle
espece, Schedophilus labyrinthicus. L’holotype est déposé au Musée
national des Sciences naturelles, a Ottawa.
Resumen
Se describen cuatro ejemplares procedentes de las aguas maritimas de
la Isla de Pascua y de la Isla de Rapa Iti, en el Sur del Océano Pacifico
en el género Schedophilus, como una especie nueva Schedophilus
labyrinthicus. El holotypo esta en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias
Naturales, Ottawa.
vii
viii
Biographical Note
Don E. McAllister
Don E. McAllister, Curator of Fishes at the National Museum of Natural
Sciences, Ottawa, since 1958, is also a lecturer at the University of
Ottawa. He was born in Victoria, B.C. and received his Ph.D. from the
University of British Columbia in 1964. His studies have taken him to
such places as Newfoundland, Quebec, the Northwest Territories,
British Columbia, and Japan. He has published over 65 scientific
papers, including studies on Arctic fishes, sculpins, smelts, fishes found
in archaeological sites, light organs in fishes, the classification of bony
fishes, and a popular guide, The Freshwater Sport Fishes of Canada.
His professional memberships include the Canadian Society of Wildlife
and Fishery Biologists and the American Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists. His hobbies include photography, skin diving, cross-
country skiing and bonsai.
John E. Randall
John E. Randall has been an ichthyologist with the Bernice P. Bishop
Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, since 1966. He was born in Los Angeles in
1924, did his undergraduate work at the University of California, Los
Angeles, and received his Ph.D. at the University of Hawaii in 1955. A
Yale University-Bishop Museum fellowship enabled him to spend more
than a year in ecological research on fishes in Tahiti. From 1957 to
1965, he worked for the University of Miami, spending from 1963 to
1965 directing ’a marine biological survey of St. John, Virgin Islands.
From 1961 to 1965, he was a professor of biology at the University of
Puerto Rico; from 1962 he also served as Director of the University’s
Institute of Marine Biology. He has published over 130 articles, chiefly
on the systematics and biology of tropical marine fishes.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr. lan A. Efford of the University of British
Columbia for making the specimens from the Canadian Expedition to
Easter Island available for study. Dr. Per Pethon of the Universitet i
Oslo kindly provided counts and measurements on the holotype of
Seriolella christopherseni. Staff of the British Museum (Natural History)
assisted Dr. Don E. McAllister during his visit to examine specimens.
Dr. M. Stehmann, Institut fur Seefischerei, Hamburg, generously made
his and Dr. W. Lenz’s manuscript available prior to publication. Drs.
Frederick H. Berry and William D. Anderson, Jr., of Charleston, South
Carolina, permitted reference to their undescribed new species from the
Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Dr. Richard L. Haedrich of Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and C. G. Gruchy of the National Museum of
Natural Sciences, Ottawa, criticized the manuscript. Charles H. Doug-
las made the drawing. T. A. Willock, J. Aniskowicz and the late W. H.
Van Vliet took X rays of the specimens. The National Geographic
nga ag ate financial support for the collections made by Dr. John
. Randall.
Opee eceins ups et to mots Ane @ of whatetg ew erortiun-arft
Pvoens
PMC OM. Oe tert. arntapacnds quan sot iid
Plate an! Jo notiotiee! @G . aweanhecelane tidalatan |.
Pea oled pase RAM aH aEoY DEE Ghwen- dekiyom, Bothhroles -
eqenplet sewn mvCOUM He qelsc HP siege odeats ina ainneg
Poe oe ee Sa ane: .Chbetrteas
yr: VMN AaY BIT ET 8 goureearh ater ts rmernet oS aM UNG
PAID, 8 HOG, ads An ine Mranrtis Cok haan
FeO AARNE), 205 Were... dine att Snecma raat
attr aelenysayen | vodhacsbou edt abagermetan Bettrnend Baile
ee ert: less fea og sat Me vb aioilt, rob eal olen: rodanoo antiaes
ai CARBUM Aa l) OFk hay vue? Bho OD Ngo} CUE
mii» ft ds ibade Posie san Bi) De Sirah apr hee ht. try |
I ptt 4 le! PRS ie lana AOOIW .A .T voniwanld edit Shea) sal
eet Tae pa) ler: ‘Cla nat anaimioeas of! to eve X Aca lefV asv
Wie A Vea enolsellod ec! tol Pooave “ ini? bebivon yYisioo#
wens & * been an & doing (‘oe @e nine Baas
he TaD rr iu, /aowveh, Girw i ee we nih Loe Anges in
4 ‘ir bg whe °. ALL i af Pv ! lee 4 oo avtorm =, _Oe
7 t : 7 . 5 a ges
Aytg sree 1a rr nig PD VINVor any rowel wy 1995 A
fae Linivertdiy-Bienay Muaesuih (¢!! yp Ehoned 7 ONG TREND
The 5 ee ¢a>' « ' 7 Ys ry @ 4) 4" 3 st . ~ 9
1a Ap ue 6 Temes) ML y iy ouewT 7 ‘ d roe 965 if
- ; ‘ A
aoe Dec &@ VOT) Pa vey ( St wu (lars
A i » *O8 ) ' ' Uri ef a
Poors * Som (pez | ’ ats
(UAn C) (Aare < , ’ ’ Ny
Vie Seo “teia ‘ i™ ria
- a
'
»
7
ee :
' e ve
. st
} Min ad ATS
if re
LJ 7
od Eins t ; '
e : _ a iy fal rs
Rographicat Mote |
Introduction
The centrolophid genus Schedophilus Cocco,
1839 (sensu Haedrich and Horn 1972;
Stehmann and Lenz 1972) is known from the
waters of the North and South Atlantic, South
Africa, the southern Indian Ocean, southeast
Asia, Australia, and New Zealand (Haedrich
and Horn 1972). This paper reports on the first
specimens of an undescribed species of
Schedophilus from Easter Island (Isla de Pas-
cua), a Chilean territory, and Rapa Iti Island, a
French territory, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Haedrich (1967), Haedrich and Horn (1969,
1972) and Stehmann and Lenz (1972) treat the
systematics of Schedophilus.
Drs. lan A. Efford and John A. Mathias col-
lected two specimens of Schedophilus on the
1964-65 Canadian Medical Expedition to Eas-
ter Island. One specimen, the holotype, lacks
half the caudal fin; the other, a paratype, has
two deep cuts in the nape. Aside from frayed
fins and some lost scales, these two specimens
are in satisfactory condition. Two other speci-
mens in good condition, one from Easter Island,
the other from Rapa Iti Island, were obtained by
Dr. John E. Randall.
Taxonomy
ORDER PERCIFORMES
SUBORDER STROMATEOIDEI!
FAMILY CENTROLOPHIDAE
GENUS Schedophilus Cocco, 1839
Schedophilus labyrinthicus n.sp., Figure 1
Holotype
NMC67-501: 502 mm in standard length; from
an unascertained locality near Easter Island;
obtained from islanders by lan A. Efford and
Jack A. Mathias, 22 December 1964; deposited
in the ichthyological collection, National
Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.
Paratypes
BC65-411: 477 mm in standard length; from
Hanga Pico, Easter Island; collected by lan A.
Efford and Jack A. Mathias; deposited in the
ichthyological collection of the Institute of Ani-
mal Resource Ecology, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver.
BPBM 6642: 525 mm in standard length; from
Easter Island, in about 170 fathoms; obtained
from fisherman by John E. Randall, 11 Feb-
ruary 1969; deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop
Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Drawing by C. H. Douglas
Figure 1
Lateral, dorsal and frontal views of the holotype of
Schedophilus labyrinthicus n. sp. Caudal fin resto-
ration from University of British Columbia paratype.
The upper two rays of the pectoral are broken.
Figure 2
Schedophilus labyrinthicus n. sp. Top: holotype. Island specimen 12253. Note larger, more ovate eyes
Centre: University of British Columbia Easter Island of the two bottom specimens. (Photographs by T. A.
paratype 65-411 and Bishop Museum Easter Island Willock and Don E. McAllister)
paratype 7323. Bottom: Bishop Museum Rapa Iti
Taxonomy
Other material
BPBM 12253: 512 mm in standard length; from
Rapa Iti Island; collected by Alfred Make,
March-August 1971: deposited in the Bernice
P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Diagnosis
Orbit 20-26 per cent of head length; snout 7-8
per cent and snout to anus 53-54 per cent of
standard length; gill rakers comprising .68-.83
of longest gill filament; dorsal spines VII-VIII;
dorsal rays 26-29; anal rays 18-19; vertebrae
(abdominal + caudal) 10+15; pyloric caeca
4-8; digitiform; scales slightly deciduous; dor-
sal spines becoming longer posteriorly and
graduating into the soft dorsal rays (last spine
about 2/3 length of first soft ray); 2 free inter-
neurals.
Description
In counts and proportions below, the holotype is
mentioned first, the University of British Colum-
bia paratype next, and the Bishop Museum
paratype 6642 and specimen 12253 next.
Dorsal spines and rays, VII,27, Vil,27, VIII,
26, VII,29; anal, 111,19, I1,19, II,18*, 111,18;
ventral, 1,5, 1,5, 1,5, 1,5; pectoral, i21, i22, i21,
i20; pored lateral line'scales, ca. 96, ca. 92, ca.
91, ca. 96; scales above the lateral line, 20, 21,
21, 20; scales below the lateral line, 38, —, 37,
37; branchiostegals, 7, 7, 7, 7; gill rakers,
7+1+16, 7+14+17, 7+1+18, 7+1+16; verte-
brae (abdominal + caudal), 10+15, 10+15,
10+ 15, 10+15 (including urostyle).
Head short, snout blunt and almost vertical,
head length 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.5 in standard length.
Jaws short, extending to just under front edge
of orbit, but with gape not reaching orbit. Upper
jaw lacking frenum, slightly protractile, with su-
pramaxillary. Angle of jaws about 35° to hori-
zontal axis in holotype. Single row of small
teeth in each jaw; palate and floor of mouth
toothless. Well-developed flexible teeth on
pharyngeal bones above and below. Orbit
slightly or very oval, with longest axis vertical;
horizontal diameter 4.7, 5.0, 4.1, 3.9, in head
length. Preoperculum denticulate at and above
angle, jutting posteriorly up to 1/2 orbit diameter.
Interoperculum and lower suboperculum finely
denticulate. Lower jaw, preoperculum, cheek,
snout, and top of head posterior to the nape,
with lateral line network opening to surface
through numerous tiny pores. Gill rakers slen-.
der, toothed on dorsal edge; length of longest is
* An X ray shows one ray missing, so the anal count
is given as III,18, rather than the apparent III,17.
.75, .68, .83, .75 of longest gill filament. Cheek,
interoperculum, and operculum with scales.
Spinous dorsal begins 1/2 orbit diameter in
front of end of operculum; spines graduated,
lower than rayed dorsal but continuous with it.
Rayed dorsal ends in front of end of rayed anal.
Pectoral long, falcate, almost reaching to above
vent. Pelvics shorter than pectorals, attached to
abdomen by a short membrane and folding into
shallow groove, origin about 4 mm posterior of
a vertical through the pectoral origin. Anal and
dorsal spines stiff, stout, first spine buried in
skin. Caudal peduncle slender. Caudal fin well-
forked. Vent in a shallow groove, its centre
about 28 mm anterior to origin of anal fin,
slightly behind midpoint of body in the holotype.
Scales moderate sized, cycloid, extending onto
base of fins, cheek, operculum and isthmus, not
highly deciduous. In the holotype and the
Bishop Museum 7323 (Figure 2) the lateral line
follows the dorsal profile and straightens out
horizontally on the urosome above the posterior
quarter of the anal fin; due to twisting of the
urosome the latter feature cannot be deter-
mined on the U.B.C. paratype. Pyloric caeca
large, digitiform, 8, 6, 4, 7. All specimens have
two free interneurals before the dorsal fin. Pre-
served colour dark brown dorsally, yellowish
below. Fins without dark markings. Buccal and
branchial cavities light. Peritoneum light with.
fine speckling. The eye coloration is visible only
in the Bishop Museum 7323, where its iris is
golden, appearing as a complete ring undivided
by a bar.
Etymology
The specific name /abyrinthicus is derived from
the Greek AaBupuv Gos, or maze, in reference to
the labyrinthine complex of the cephalic lateral-
line sensory system.
Discussion
Stehmann and Lenz (1972) have rechar-
acterized the Schedophilus ovalis species-
group as having two free predorsal interneurals
as opposed to three in the others of the genus
and in the related genera Seriolella and
Hyperoglyphe. We follow these authors in the
generic assignment of the Easter and Rapa Iti
specimens to Schedophilus.
The Easter and Rapa Iti specimens can be
immediately distinguished from several other
species in the genus by their fewer vertebrae.
Schedophilus huttoni (Waite, 1910) from New
Zealand and Australia has 12+18-19, S.
griseolineatus (Norman, 1937) from off Argen-
tina has 10+ 16 (and numerous pyloric caeca),
and S. maculatus Gunther, 1860, from the
Southern Ocean has 12+17 (counts from
Haedrich and Horn 1972), whereas the Easter
and Rapa Iti specimens have only 10+ 15 ver-
tebrae. S. medusophagus Cocco, 1839, from
the Mediterranean and North Atlantic is sharply
distinguished from our specimens by posses-
sion of 44-50 dorsal elements (spines and
rays) as opposed to 34-36, S. pemarco (Poll,
1959) by its 12-14 as opposed to 16-18 gill
rakers on the lower gill arch and its lower dorsal
and anal ray counts, S. haedrichi Chirichigno,
1973, by its fewer dorsal rays, 22-23, as op-
posed to 26-29, fewer anal rays, 15-16, as
opposed to 18-19, and its longer pre-anal and
head lengths (Chirichigno 1973). Our species
differs from an undescribed new species of the
genus from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica by
its fewer dorsal elements IV,22 as opposed to
VI-VII,26-29, fewer anal elements Ill,15 as
opposed to IIl,18-19, and 3 free interneurals
as opposed to 2 (F. H. Berry and W. D. Ander-
son, Jr., MS).
Of the currently accepted forms in the genus,
this leaves only the Schedophilus ovalis com-
plex. Stehmann and Lenz (1972) synonymized
S. christopherseni (Sivertsen 1946) from Tris-
tan da Cunha, and suggested the probable
synonymy of S. velaini (Sauvage 1879) of St.
Paul Island in the southernmost Indian Ocean,
and the Easter and Rapa Iti islands material
with S. ovalis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier and
Valenciennes 1833), which was originally de-
scribed from the Mediterranean and extended
by later authors to the eastern and central
Atlantic. However, noting certain patterns in the
data, we place a different interpretation on
them. The 12 specimens of S. ovalis in the
Mediterranean, central and eastern Atlantic in
the Northern Hemisphere for which we have
data (BMNH 1953.11.1.529, Figure 3; BMNH
1955.19-19.317; BMNH 1925.1.8.3; an un-
numbered BMNH Madeiran specimen; plus
data in Stehmann and Lenz 1972; Steindachner
1868; Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833) have
21-23 anal rays and 5-6(7) gill rakers on the
upper arch, whereas all specimens known from
the Southern Hemisphere (St. Paul, Tristan da
Cunha, Easter, and Rapa Iti islands) have
18-20 anal rays and 6-7 gill rakers on the
upper arch. Further, the Northern Hemisphere
specimens are deeper, the depth comprising
.34-.42 of standard length as opposed to
.29-.35 for the Southern Hemisphere speci-
mens and the caudal peduncle depth being
.098-.121 as opposed to .078-.090 of the stan-
dard length. The northern specimens range
from 144 to 452 mm in standard length,
whereas the southern ones range from 477 to
525 mm in standard length. It is possible, there-
fore, that the proportional differences may be
Figure 3
Schedophilus ovalis (Valenciennes), BMNH 1953.11.
1.529, from Funchal market, Madeira. Note the
deeper body and caudal peduncle. (Photograph by
Don E. McAllister)
Discussion
attributable to negative allometric growth, al-
though it seems odd that the northern ones
should all be smaller than the southern ones.
The meristic differences remain, however.
Stehmann and Lenz (1972) suggest that,
since the meristic variation in the better-known
Seriolella punctata (45 specimens) equals
or exceeds that amongst the various
Schedophilus ovalis samples (Sensu /ato, 16
specimens), the latter complex should be re-
garded as conspecific. Although the logic is not
impeccable, the argument is persuasive. To
apply the limits of variation of one genus to
another, even though the fishes are closely
related, may not always be justified. More im-
portantly, it overlooks the geographical pattern
in the data, northern populations with 21-23
anal rays, and southern with 18-20. Chi-square
tests, with and without Yates correction, show
the Northern Hemisphere specimens to be
significantly different from the Southern Hemi-
sphere specimens at the p = <.001 level.
We conclude, therefore, that the name
Schedophilus ovalis (Valenciennes) should be
applied only to those populations of Sche-
dophilus in the warmer waters of the central
and eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterra-
nean Sea that have 10+15 vertebrae and
21-23 anal rays. 7
This leaves us with three allopatric popula-
tions in the Southern Hemisphere whose status
must be discussed: the Tristan da Cunha S.
christopherseni, the St. Paul S. velaini, and the
Easter and Rapa Iti islands populations. The
standard lengths of the samples are 505 mm,
550 mm, and 477-525 mm respectively. Unlike
the Easter and Rapa Iti specimens, both S.
christopherseni and S. velaini have 20 anal
rays instead of 18-19 and an orbit to snout ratio
of 1.14-1.16 instead of .70-1.00. Further, S.
christopherseni has 6 dorsal spines instead of 7
or 8, only 85 pored lateral-line scales instead of
91-96, and rounded instead of pointed tips to
the caudal fin lobes. S. velaini has a crescentic
anal fin, with the first soft ray twice the length of
the last as opposed to 1.5 times, or less, the
length of the last soft ray in the Easter and Rapa
Iti material. S. christopherseni and S. velaini
appear morphologically similar, and both in-
habit oceanic islands near the northern limit of
drift ice and within the seasonal oscillation of
the Antiboreal Convergence (Ekman 1953).
Easter and Rapa Iti islands, on the other hand,
are 900 and 1400 miles respectively beyond the
northern limit of drift ice and over 600 miles
north of the Antiboreal Convergence. The Eas-
ter and Rapa Iti populations, therefore, appear
morphologically and ecologically distinct from
S. velaini and S. christopherseni and are here
recognized as a new species, Schedophilus
labyrinthicus.
The four specimens of Schedophilus labyrin-
thicus are fairly homogeneous with respect to
meristic and most mensural characteristics, but
the Bishop Museum paratype from Easter Is-
land does differ in having a larger orbit (4.1
instead of 4.9-5.0 in head) and a larger head
(3.4 instead of 3.6-3.8 in standard length). The
specimen from Rapa Iti Island differs most in
having the snout less declivous, 29 instead of
26-27 soft dorsal rays and the orbit diameter
3.9 instead of 4.1-—5.0 in head; it is most like the
Bishop Museum Easter Island paratype. Be-
cause of these differences we do not give the
Rapa Iti specimen paratype status. We were
struck by the variation in shape as well as by
the size of the orbits. The left orbit is small and
circular in the holotype and in the U.B.C.
paratype, large and subcircular in the Bishop
Museum Easter Island specimen, and large and
ovate in the Rapa Iti specimen. However, the
contralateral orbit of the Bishop Museum Easter
Island specimen is ovate, that of the Rapa Iti
specimen is large and oval, yielding orbit into
head proportions for left and right orbits of 4.1
and 3.8 for the Bishop Museum Easter Island
specimen and 3.9 and 3.4 for the Rapa Iti
specimens (based on maximum dimension).
Because of the bilateral variation in individual
specimens, we do not wish at the moment to
over-emphasize the differences from specimen
to specimen, although, in the future, additional
material may reinforce the significance of such
differences. We also noted variation in orbit
shape of Schedophilus ovalis (sensu Stricto).
The left orbit of BMNH 1953.11.1.529 was
small and circular while that of BMNH
1955.19-19.317 was large and oval (both from
Madeira).
An ophichthid eel about 295 mm in total
length was found in the body cavity between the
gut and gas bladder of the Rapa Iti specimen.
The eel was bent in a U-shaped position, and
appeared to be enclosed in a membrane. As its
coloration was normal, it would appear to have
burrowed out of the stomach before digestion
began. Walters (1955) discussed other exam-
ples of ophichthid eels found in the coelomic
cavity of predacious fishes; he called them
pseudo-parasites. The Rapan name for Sche-
dophilus is ‘‘paipai’.
References Cited
Chirichigno, Norma
(1973). Nuevas especies de peces de los generos
Mustelus (Fam. Triakidae), Raja (Fam. Rajidae) y
Schedophilus (Fam. Centrolophidae). Inst. Mar Peru
(Callao) Informe (42):1-40, 8 figs.
Cuvier, G., and A. Valenciennes
(1833). Histoire naturelle des poissons. Vol. 9. F. G.
Sevrault, Paris. 379 pp.
Ekman, Sven
(1953). Zoogeography of the sea (Transl. from
Swedish by Elizabeth Palmer.) Sidgwick and
Jackson. London. 417 pp.
Guichenot, Alphonse
(1848-49). Fauna Chilena: Peces. Pages 137-372,
in Claude Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Tom.
2, Repitilia and Pisces. Chile en el Museuo de historia
natural de Santiago, 1844-71. Paris.
Haedrich, Richard L.
(1967). The stromateoid fishes: systematics and a
classification. Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull. 135(2):31-139,
56 figs.
Haedrich, Richard L., and Michael H. Horn
(1969). A key to the stromateoid fishes. (Unpublished
manuscript.) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Ref. No. 69-70. 46 pp., 7 figs.
(1972). A key to the stromateoid fishes. (Unpublished
manuscript.) Rev. ed. Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution. 46 pp. 7 figs.
Miranda Ribeiro, Alipio de
(1915-18). Fauna Brasiliense: Peixes. Tomo V. Elev-
therobranchios, Aspirophoros, Physoclist. Archivos
de Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, vol. 21. 227
Pp.
Regan, C. Tate
(1902). A revision of the fishes of the family
Stromateidae. Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist. Ser. 7, vol. 10:
115-31, 194-207.
Rendahl, Hialmar
(1921a). The fishes of the Juan Fernandez Islands.
Pages 49-58 in C. Skottsberg, ed., The Natural
History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, vol. 3,
pt. 1. Almgrist and Wiksell, Uppsala.
(1921b). The fishes of Easter Island. Pages 59-68 in
C. Skottsberg, ed., The Natural History of Juan Fer-
nandez and Easter Islands, vol. 3, pt. 1. Almgrist and
Wiksell, Uppsala.
Ringuelet, Raul A., and Raul H. Aramburu
(1960). Peces marinos de la Republica Argentina.
Agro (Buenos Aires) 2(5):1-141, 72 figs.
Sauvage, H. E. £
(1879). Mémoire sur la faune ichtyologique de I'lle
Saint-Paul. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., Notes Rev.
8:1-46, pl. 1-3.
Sivertsen, Erling
(1945). Fishes of Tristan da Cunha, with remarks on
age and growth based on scale readings. Result. Nor.
Sci. Exped. Tristan Cunha 1937-38, no. 12:1-44, 8
pl., 17 figs.
Stehmann, M., and W. Lenz
(1972). Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS
“Walther Herwig” nach Sidamerika: XXVI. Syste-
matik und Verbreitung der Artengruppe—Seriolella
punctata (Schneider, 1801), S. porosa Guichenot,
1848, S. dobula (Gunther, 1869)—sowie taxo-
nomische Bemerkungen zu Hyperglyphe Gunther,
1859 und Schedophilus Cocco, 1839 (Osteichthyes,
Stromateoidei, Centrolophidae). Arch. Fischereiwiss.
23(3):179-201, 8 figs.
Walters, Viadimir
(1955). Snake-eels as pseudoparasites of fishes.
Copeia 1955(2):146-47.
Table 1
Measurements of Schedophilus labyrinthicus n. sp., in millimetres/hundredths of standard length
Holotype Paratype Paratype
Easter Is. Easter ls. Easter Is. Rapa Iti Is.
NMC67-501 BC65-411 BPBM6642 BPBM12253
Standard length 502/100 477/100 525/100 512/100
Greatest body depth 170/34 158/33 162/31 150/29
Head length 132/26 131/28 155/30 148/29
Snout to centre of anus 269/54 251/53 277/53 277/54
Pelvic fin to anal origin 156/31 119/254 151/29 141/28
Horizontal orbit diameter 28/6 26/6 38/7 38/7
Snout length 37/7 37/8 39/8 38/7
Upper-jaw length 45/9 43/9 52/10 49/10
Pectoral-fin length 108+/22+° 114+/24+» 136/26 128/25
Pelvic-fin length Se/t2 65/14 66/12 64/12
Caudal-peduncle depth 39/8 42/9 46/9 46/9
Caudal-peduncle length 89/18 86/18 83/16 75/15
Caudal-fin iength - 112/23 - -
Longest gill raker 17/3 14/3 19/4 17/3
Longest gill filament 22/4 20/4 22/4 23/4
@ Foreshortened by contraction following cutting of nape muscles.
> Tips of pectorals of both specimens broken off.
Errata
The last sentence on page 4, column 1, should
read:
An undescribed new species of the genus from
the Pacific coast of Costa Rica differs from our
species by its fewer dorsal elements IV,22 as
opposed to VI-VII,26-29, fewer anal elements
Ill,15 as opposed to IIl,18-19, and 3 free inter-
neurals as opposed to 2 (F. H. Berry and W. D.
Anderson, Jr., MS).
Where it appears on pages 2 and 3, BPBM
7323 should read:
BPBM 6642.
7 late
i. WV : 1 a 5 ia i)
j ' ‘ 7 2 oe ft
} } 7 4 *~ \ i A 7
‘ 4 P ) a “ 7 ' eer g
i TS BTaS fy Wo ye 20) A ete He ,
| vie ' ¥ Wi, he On er
iy yates 6 regen weve ty an Vea {
wy - bi dies y ' 7 Leena LN pllihating ty Ancisny toy ;
; an) we eon aT:
an POT 4 * »
; j Wie? n ‘ ‘ shag a , je
yt ‘ St WY Pik ‘ 4 ‘ ' , ioe peaely , wis ee | ae a Tete :
Niky = ‘ - - = war A ; . 1 +’ % as) 7
: A : eos , ‘ , PS me os et VMS emaahe
’ 5» Mee! a] - . te : 7s ° Z P 7 om
. A Seder ee ore Bye’ <b ap oly a ee
4 ~“ : v ya's a -
j » | d bis a)
; % 4 ve ’ i “@
ae, I
j et
j i bs
> ave é a
. ie e ;
” ‘ rio
< ‘ ‘ }
i
1 )
% -
Fe
«
a °
=~ \
* 4 *
= » “a ¢
i Be
sft
é ;
my olbee
Lite F
rid rir airall eis.
J ‘ i. “ayy {in 7? rey
4 an = - as
“4 ' 4 ne '
> Pet WD Pars ahe
» irc he vapttelh ae no pie !
oy FS Re a La is
aN Sade deptia: dabia) eee
wy, ee rs ; kul ;
‘. 4 ; rs , ef ‘ an
OMe Vos Se eee
+1. I OAD t's}
‘oe * a . r i
nd * = 7 oy
2 ne y
ar
~~, 2 he
~ ee i
A ak, a = Poa.
7, are. eae eh ee