':m^\

m-

C:'^'^;;

^:^A

'■•^. ; \

:o^

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

LLHsf

f^(m^J>vi^l,f']n^

. 'v!/ . rLC c.r.L.u.c^LX<<j^:i.rv. .

RECORDS

OF THE

MrSany Museum.

VOL. T.

(With II Plates.)

Printed for the

COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM,

By

JOSIAH SLATER, QRAHAMSTOWN, South Africa.

1903 6.

u,vj7

HOV 2^1642

^1 a « A Hji

The *' Records of the Albany Museum " are published at

irregular intervals, as material for publication is available.

All communications with reference to them should be

addressed to the undersigned.

Dr. S. SCHONLAND,

Director of the Albany Museum,

Qrahamstown,

Cape Colony.

Parts issued : —

Part I (p. 1=68) Published April 24th, 1903

Part 2 (p. 69=124)

Part 3 cp. 125 = 184)

Part 4 (p. 185 = 295)

Part 5 (p. 297 = 345)

Part 6 (p. 347 = 429)

March i8th, 1904

June 17th, 1904

April 4th, 1905

September 25th, 1905 Price 2s.

June 9th, 1906 ... Price 4s.

Price ^s. 6d.

Price 2s. 6d.

Price 2s.

Price 3s. 6d.

III.

COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM (1906.):

Presklent : Dr. J. B. Greathead.

Vice-President : Mr. W. A. Smith.

Hon. Sec. : Mr. E. J. Smith.

Hon. Treas. : Mr. H. Wood, M.L.A.

The Civil Commissioner of Albany, the Mayor of Grahams-

to^vn, Dr. P. MacOwan, F.L.S., Dr. H. Becker, F.L.S., F.S.A., Dr.

Dru-Drnry, Messes. J. Slater, J.P., M.L.A. , J. Hemming, 0. H.

Bate, T. H. Grocott, J.P., F. H. BMrl)er, D. Knight, J.P.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM :

S. SCHoNLAND, Hon. M A. Oxon., Ph. D., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Hon.

Membei' S.A. Geological Society : Director and Keepei- of

the Dei)artments of Botany, Ethnology and Anticjuities ;

Professoi- of Botany, Rhodes University College.

J. E. DUERDEN, Ph. D., A.R.C.S. : Keeper of the Department of

Zoology ; Professor of Zoology, Rhodes University College.

E. H. L. SCHWARZ, A.R.C.S., F.G.S. : Keeper of the Departments

of Geology and Mineralogy ; Professor of Geology, Rhodes

University College.

IV.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS :

E. G. Baker, F.L.S., British Museum, London,

Report on some South African species of Indhjofora

in the Albany Museum Herbarium ... -79

J. G. Baker, F.R.S., late Keeper of the Herbarium, Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew.

The genus Alhuca in the Herbarium of the Albany

Museum (with descriptions of 14 new species) <S9

R. Broom, M.D., B.Sc, C.M.Z.S., Professor of Zoology

and Geology, Victoria College, Stellenbosch.

On the skull of a true lizard (Paliguana WItitei )

from the Triassic beds of South Africa (Plate I.,

fig. 1,2) ... ... ... 1

On the remains of Lystrosaurus in the Albany

Museum (Plate I., fig. 3) ... iJ

On the remains of ProcoIojJiou in the Albany

Museum (Plate L, fig. 4-0) ... S

On two new Endothiodont genera, Prodicynodon and

Opisthocffuodon {VlAtelY., fig. I, '6,^) 70

On a new species of Oudenodon ( O. triqoniceps)

(Plate IV., fig. 2) ... ... ' 7:}

On some points in the anatomy of tlie Anomodont

skull (Plate IV., fig 5) ..." ... 75

On the Tlieriodonts in the Albany Museum 82

Note on the manus of P>'ot*o/o^;/io/i( ... 88

Notes on two Reptilian tarsi in the Albany Museum 177

On a new South Afi'ican Labj'rinthodont (Cycloto-

sauriis AlbeffyniJ ... ... 178

On a new species of Oudenodon (0. iiicnalorhinu)^ )

from the Gough, S. Africa ... 180

Notice of a new Fossil Reptile {Scajianodon Duples-

sisi) from the Lower Karroo Beds of Prince

Albert, Cape Colony ... ... 182

Notice of a new Endothiodont genus (Chfli/ojjoscw-

rus) ... ... ' ... ' 184

On the use of the term Arurhiodonfia ... 266

Preliminary notice of some new fossil Reptiles col-

lected by Mr. Alfred Brown at Aliwal North,

S.Africa. ... ... ... 269

PAGE.

Notes on the localities ot some type-specimens of the

Karroo Fossil Reptiles ... ... 275

Notice of some new fossil Reptiles from the Karroo

Beds of South Africa. ... ... 331

On a species of Coehicanthiis from the Upper Beaufort

Beds of Aliwal North ... ... 338

I'. Cameron, Stockport, England.

Description of three new species of Hj'menoptera

from Peai'Ston, South Africa. ... 101>

Descriptions of new genera and species of Hyinen-

optera collected by the Rev. J. A. O'Neil, S. J.,

chiefly at Dnnbrody, Cape Colony. ... 12.5, 21:.5, 31.5

On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum 101, LsG, 297, 412

J. E. Duerden, Ph. D., A.R.C.S.

The South African Tortoises of the genns Hoinojjui^

with description of a new species (Plate XI) 405

Prof. E. Hackel, S. Pol ten, Austria.

On some South African grasses in the Herl)arium

of the Albany Museum ... ... 113

Caki)na(j/'<)sfis (snl)g. Deyeuxia) HutUmiav n.

sp. ... ... ... 310

S. Schonland, Hon. M.A. Oxon., Ph. D., F.L S., C.M.Z.S.

On some Hottentot and Bushman Pottery in the

collection of the Albany Museum (Plate II.) 25

On some South African species of Aloe with special

reference to those represented in the Herbarium

of the Albany Museum (Plate III.) ... ... 32, 2<S2

On some new H*kW and some little known species of

South African plants (Plate V.) ... ... 4<S, 114

A list of South African species of Crassula described

or renamed during recent years ... tlO

Biography of the late Mrs. F. W. Barber and a list of

her paintings in the Albany Museum 95

E. H. L. Schwarz, A.R.C.S., F.G.S.

Note on a quartzite boulder from the Molteno sand-

stone (with one illustration in the text). 3)41

South African Palaeozoic Fossils (Plates VI-X,) 347

VI.

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

Page 48 (1st line) tor '■'' Jnjpojid/oidis'' read '■'• hypoxidioides.''''

„ „ (6th line) for " fairly " read " faintly."

„ 49 (1st line) for " HutUmir' read ''HvtUmiaer

„ „ for '•'• Dum-()n'(( Tyi^onii, Schiinl., n. s]). " read " £>.

Broivni, Schinz."

„ f)() (4th line from bottom) for "petiole " read "])edicel."

„ Cu) aftei' ^'- Crafifi'tiJa iv/ju'essa, N.E. Br." insei-t " O?'.

SrJirnidtiu Reg."

„ (U after " Cr. rpfad/'migiiho is, Schcinl." insert " Cr. Aitoni,

Britt. etBak. fil. (=Cr. cordata [Dryand. in] Ait. Hort.

Kew. I, 896(1789), non Thnnb.) Jonrn. of Bot., Dec.

1887, p. 480."

„ 6.5 for " Cr. deccptor " read " Ci'. deceptrix."

„ 67 leave out " Cr. remofa, Schonl."

„ 109 for '•'' I'or^/rHiis MesnidjyarillunnrriiV read "• Tory in lis

uii'si'rnhriantltcrni.''

„ 110 for " i^^//m,s " read '' Zethusr

„ US (21st line) for " Rees " read •' Nees."

„ 117 (heading) for " South African Grasses" lead^Newand

little known plants."

., 120 (13th line from bottom) for " 1.5 nim. " read " 1.5 cm."

„ 124 (6th line) foi- "" alhimarginatum'" read ^^ alhoriiargina-

tum.''''

„ 177, 178 for " Saurosfcrnon " read " SaurosternuiH.'"

„ 285 — the description of Brachyi'opahim nigticejts, Cam. was

by some error printed amongst the Iclmeumonidar in-

stead of along with the Braamidae.

, 285 for " A. Boivici " read " A. Bcnviea.'''

, 306 foi- " Adontothyrimts " read " Odo7itothyfinus."

Recoras oT tfte . .

MBi— BwwiJiiiJ m^^am

fflbanp PHiseum.

VOL. I.

PART I CONTAINDNG :

1, — On the Skull of a true Lizard (PaUguana Whitei), from the

Triassic Beds of South Africa, by Dr. R. Broom.

2. — On the remains of Lystrosaiinis in the Albany Museum, by

Dr. R. Broom.

3. — On the remains of ProcolopJion in tlie Albany Museum, by

Dr. R. Broom.

4. — On some Bushman and Hottentot Pottery in the collection

of the Albany Museum, by Dr. S. Schonland.

.5. — On some South African Species of Aloe (with descriptions of

two new species), by Dr. S. SchOnland.

6. — On some new and some imperfectly known Species of South

African plants, by Dr. S. Schonland.

7.— List of South African Species of Crassula described durint^

recent years, by Dr. S. Schonland.

Issued April 24th, 1903.

PRICE, 3S. 6d.

Printed for the

COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM,

BY

JOSIAH SLATER, GEAHAMSTOWN, South Africa.

The "Records of the Albany Museum" will be issued at

irregular intervals, as matter for publication is available.

All communications with reference to them should be

addressed to

Dr. 5. SCH'oNLAND,

Director of the Albany Museum,

Qrahamstown,

South Africa.

AN Exchange of Pvblications is Requested.

On the skull of a true Lizard {Paliguana Whitci) from the

Triassic beds of .South Africa.— By R. Broom, M.D., li.Sc,

C.M.Z.S.

For many years there has been in the collection of the Albany

Museum a small reptilian skull, which had l)een sent by the late

]\Ir. D. White from Donnybrook, between Tarkastad and Queens-

town. Through having originally been erroneously labelled

Procolophon minor, it has appai-ently escaped the observation of

recent students.

When cai'efully examined, the specimen proves to be, not only

a new form, but one of exceptional interest. Hitherto very few

true lizards have been found further back than the Tertiary

deposits, and no undoubted Lacertilian has yet been found in

rocks earlier than the Jurassic, Lizard-like reptiles have indeed

been found in the Triassic rocks both of S. Africa and of Scotland,

as SaarostcrnuDi and Telerj^eton, but these are now generally

regarded as being Rhynchocephalians. Both genera, however, are

imperfectly known and it is possi1)le that Telorpeton at least is a

true Lacertilian. This was the opinion of Huxley, and in his

restoration of Telerpeton he figures the quadrate as having no

attachment with the jugal. In the figure of the underside of the

skull of Sauroaternuin Gn'esbachii givtnihy Owen in his catalogue

of S. African reptiles, the quadrate is shown to be fixed, but as

2 Alhioi'f Miisriiin Itceortis.

the specimen is somewluit c-i'uslied, aiul as 0^ven gives no descrip-

tion of i\ it is impossible to place much weight on the figui-e

alone.

The lilllc slcull whicli is in th(^ Albany Museum is in fairly

good ) icscrvation. Tluuigh the lower jaw and the maxillaries are

badly ci-nslied and the ])remaxillai'ies lost, fortunately the

' pbstoibital region is well presei-ved and shows the little fossil to

have had a movable quadrate as in the modern lizards.

In general the skull bears considerable resemblance to that of

the Iguanas. The orbits are unusually large and the temporal

fossae are rather small and almost as broad as long. The sutures

are fo:' the most part fairly distinct.

The frontals are moderately fiat, and in width about one-third

the width of the skull. The suture between them and the

parietal is about opposite to the parietal foramen. The suture

between the frontal and the post-frontal passes almost directly

backwards from the inner margin of the orbit, and that dividing

the frontal from the prefrontal almostly directly forwards.

The parietals, which appear to have been distinct, are together

about as wide as the frontals, and a little more than half as long.

Posteriorly they have processes passing outwards and slightly

backwards, and no doubt articulating with the squamosals. These

latter bones, however, are lost, though the impression of that of

the right side still remains.

A large oval parietal foramen lies in the suture between the

parietals and frontals.

The prefrontal so far as preserved does not differ from the

ordinary lacertilian type.

The maxillaries are too much crushed and imperfect to admit

of description. They have however been moderate sized bones,

and lie almost entirely in front of the orbit — only a slender

process being sent back under the orbit. The only maxillary

teeth shown are detached. They are fairly long and pointed, and

it is moderately c«5rtain the dentition has been pleurodont.

The jugal is a long slender bone extending iinder the whole of

the orbit. Posteriorly it widens out and passing upwards forms

with the postfrontal the postorbital arch. As in Agama there is

a small process directed towards the lower end of the quadrate,

but there is no trace of a quadrato-jugal. The tiny bone-fragment

shown in the figure betwetn the jugal and the (juadrate is

apparently a fragment of the crushed lower jaw.

Palujuana Whitei — LijdroHOuruH. 3

The postfrontal is a large bone which forms most of the post-

orbital arch. It articulates with l)oth the frontal and parietal, and

on passing outwards gives off, as in typical lizards, a posterior

branch, which forms in part the temporal arch, and an inferior

branch which unites with the jugal.

The bone which has united the postfrontal with the upper end

of the quadrate is missing, l)ut its impression remains. It is the

element which is regarded 1iy most authors as the scpiamosal, but

which I am rather inclined with Baur to regard as the supra-

temporal.

The squamosal which has laiii between the upper end of the

quadrate and the parietal has been comparatively small, as in

lizards generally.

The quadrate is very large and thoroughly lacertilian in structure.

Its concave surface looks outwards and backwards.

The lower jaws are very much crushed ; as in modern lizards

they have been loosely attached at the symphysis. The quadrate

appears to have formed a deeper concavity in the articular than is

usual in modern lizards.

The palatal bones are crushed and displaced apparently, and

have not been cleared of matrix.

So far as it is possible to judge from the skull, the affinities of

the small lizard seem to be more with the American Iguanas than

with other modern lizards. I have, therefore, proposed for it the

name Paligumia Whitei^ after the discoverer of the specimen.

Fig 1, Plate 1 : — Side view of skull of Pul 'iguana Whitei. x 2.

Fig 2, ,, : — Top views ,, ,, ,, x 2.

On the remains of Li/sfrtisaiirus, in the Albany Museum. —

By R. Broom, M.D., B.Sc, C.M.Z.S.

As the name PtychognaUius, proposed by Owen in LS59 for

those peculiarly specialised Dicynodont reptiles with long

decurved snouts, has been pre- occupied by Stimpson for a

crustacean genus, it becomes necessary to adopt the name pro-

posed by Cope in describing a species in 1870, viz., Lystrosaurtis,

4 Alhani/ Mii-^imii Records.

In the Albany Muscniin thei-e are ti number of interesting skulls

and a few other fragmentary remains.

Li/sf7'()ft aunts lafhyisfn's (Owen).

No. 1. A fairly complete skull, with lower jaw, of an animal

slightly smallei" than the type. A consi(lera])le part of the

premaxillarj' is woathert^d away, but the other bones of the top of

the head are well shown. The nasals forma median suture of

nearly an inch, behind the upper end of the median process of

the premaxillary. Behind the frontals and the front of the

parietal foramen is the median preparietal. Between the frontals

and the bones which have usually been regarded as postfrontals

are interposed a very distinct pair of narrow^ bones. These are

very similar to those figured by Seeley in the skull of

Morhlorhinus ,>//tfi/>r/)s (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1808),

and regarded by him as postorbitals. But as it has been custo-

mary to regard the anterior and upper of the two bones behind

the orbit, as the postfrontal and the posterior, the postorbital, we

must look upon the narrow bone as the true postfrontal —

apparently lost in the other Dicynodonts— and the large bone

which has hitherto l^een looked upon as the postfrontal as really

the postorbital. The specimen has been split transversely, and

there has been revealed much of the internal structure of the

skull. The parietals are seen to form lateral walls to the brain

cavity, and in front they are seen articulating with the

columella. A section of the true vomer is seen with the palatine

on either side, and in contact posteriorly with the large median

sphenoid. In the mandible the dentary is much exfoliated

but the surangular and angular are well shown with between them

and the dentary a large oval foramen. The angular has a large

downward and inward process, as in Udenodon. The articular

is a fairly large element.

Brakriver. Pres. by Mr. R. HarVEY.

No. 2. A badly weathered skull, which has lost the front of

the snout, and practically all the bones of the frontal, parietal and

occipital regions. It has been split transversely in the plane of the

pterygoids, and the larger fragment again vertically near the

middle line. Tlie first fracture shows thoroughly the structure of

Lj/^h-osaariiH. h

the pterygoids and their relations to the vomer, the palatines,

and to the sphenoid. Tiie second fracture shows the ai-ti'ju'a'ion

of the large median plate of the prcmaxillary with the vomer ;

and that of the vomer with the si)h('noid. The right »'i)ii)terygf»id

is also faii'ly well shown.

IJrakriver. l^i-es. by Mr. K. Harvey.

No, ?). A crushed skull with low^er jaw. The skull above is

much weathered, and much of the matrix remains. Inferiorly

the specimen has been transversely fraciui-ed and the whole of the

palate has bten most bc-autifully dis;)Iayed. In the sphenoid a

very short distance behind the suture with the jitcrygoids are a

pair of email round foramina, which may be the foramina for the

internal carotids. The relations of the squamosal, exoccipital ami

articular to the quadrate are well shown, and the little bone which

I regard as probably the tympanic, is very distinctly seen. Above

it and h ing in the large oval foramen which it forms, are seen

tw^i ossic'es, one behind the supposed tympanic and one in front.

As the S} ecimen is somewhat crushed and the ossicles probal)ly

displaced, it will pei-haps be better not to give a detailed descrii.-

tion of the appearances. The lower jaw is well displayed.

Brakriver. Pres. by Mr. R. Harvey.

No. 4. A fairly complete skull of an immature individual.

Till' lower jaw^ is almost entirety gone, and the sui-faces of the

cranial ))oi.es considerably weathered. The front of the palate is

fairly well shown, and the greater part of the occiput. Both the

median preparietal and interparietals are w'ell seen.

Brakriver. Pres. l)y. Mr. R. Harvey.

No. 5. An imperfect skull of a small animal. The snout is

fairly well shown, but the frontal region is covered with matrix.

Brakriver, Pres. by Mr. R. Ha»!VEV.

No. (i. The median portion of a moderate sized skull Inully

ciushed. The palate is fairly well seen, and the roots (;f (lie two

canines. Above portions of the pi-emaxillary, nasals, frontals

pi-efrontals, preparietal, ])arietals, intei'))arietal, and oceiintals.

Ih-akriver. Pres. l)v Mr. H. H AliVKY.

6 Alhani/ Jiiisctdi) llcconk.

No. 7. A slub showing on the one side portions of most of the

bones of the side of a small skull, including those of the mandible

— considei-ably weathered : and on the other sitle four imperfect

ribs.

Brakriver. Pres. by.MR. R. Harvey.

No. 8. Slab with the parietals, interparietal, and right post-

orbital of a verj' small skull : and also portions of 5 ribs.

Brakriver. Pres. by Mr. R. Harvey.

No. 9. a, b, c, d, e. Five small slabs with portions of ribs and

vertebrae from the same locality as the above skulls, and probably

belonging to the same individual as one uv other of the skulls.

Brakrivei-. Pres. bv Mr. R. Harvey.

Li/strosaiifKs (Icdivis (Owen).

No. 10. An almost complete skull of an individual probably

somewhat immature. In all its characteis it agrees closely with

the type skull. The lower jaw is in position but it is largely

covered by matrix. The prepa'-irtal is vei'y similar to that in

L. latu'(>,stn'.s.

Loc. unknown. Pres. l)v Mr. W.J, COLEMAN.

Li/strosmirus McCaifj', Seeley.

No. 11. This magnificent skflll which was developed under

Prof. Seeley's direction is i-eferredto by him in his paper "On the

Skull of MochlorJiinus plati/cfips,'' (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb.

1(S'.)(S), l)ut I am not aware that the skull has been either

descril)ed or figured. It is by far the largest of the known species

of Lystrosaurus — the skull measuring from the front of the

maxillary to the back of the parietal no less than ',V,)() m.m., and

the orbit being KM) m.m. across. It differs from the species

described l)y Owen, mainly in being much narrower proportionally

and in having very large supi'aorl)ital crests. The snout is

modei-ately straiglit, and has a median ridge running iip it, foi-med

almost entirely by the premaxillary. The largi- supraorbital crests

are formed almost entirely by the [)refroiitals. Between the crests

there is a small median ci-est probably formed by the frontals, and

slightly in front of the large crest and considerably internal to

them are a pair of small crests probably also formed by the pre-

Li/strosaunm, 7

frontals. The parietals with the postorbitals fo m two prominent

pai-allel ridges. The occipital region is much narrower, and the

inferior occipital processes much more api)roximated than with the

other known species. The palat? is most l)eautifully disphij-ed,

but the sutures of the bones not verj- distinctly seen. The large

median ridge in thefront of tlie palate is seen to be formed almost

entirely by the premaxillary. I' is posterior, and it articulates

with the median vomer. T.ie/e is a distinc and almost complete

secondary palate formed l)y the maxillaries and the palatines.

(Plate 1, Fig. 3, represents the right side of the skull with the supraorbital

crest restore! from that of the left side. \ nat. size.)

Klandsberg, near Cradock. Pres. by Mr. McCaig.

Lijsfrjsfiifnis jj/dfi/ccps (Seeley).

No. 12. This is the s'niU which has been described by Prof,

Seeley (Ann. and i\Iag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1<S'.).S), under the name of

Mochlorhinus plaUjcep^. In many respects it agrees very closely

with Li/sfrosaunis McGaigi, and it is just possible that the tlitfer-

ences may be sexual or due to this smaller skull being immature.

I am inclined, however, to regard the two species as distinct. I

cannot agree with Prof. Seeley in regarding this specimen as the

type of a new genus. The characters on which he founds the genus

Mochlorhinus, are : — " 1st, the usual angular ridge between the

upper surface of the skull and face is wanting ;" 2nd, the palate

has the vomer elevated in front of the palato-nares, and the

palatine bones at their sides, so as to form three prominent

tubercles," and " upon the summits of these tubercles are minute

teeth ;" and 3rd, " the head appears to be much more compressed

from side to side than is usual in Ptychognatliusy With regard

to these features it may be pointed out ; 1st, that though owing

to the skull being narrower and the supraorbital crests being much

more prominent, the transverse angular ridge is less developed, it

is still ({uite distinct though rounded, and the top of the snout

makes with the plane of the prepai-ietal a less obtuse angle than is

met with in any of the other species ; 2nd, the three tul)erclevS

found on the palate are formed not by the vomer and the palatines,

but by the premaxillary and the palatines. They are exactly

similar to those found in Li/s/rosaifrii.s MrCai<ji\ and differ very

little from those in other species of Lyntrosuanis, and 1 cannot

find any indications of teeth on any of the tubercles ; ami ii.d. tlie

8 Albanij Mti-ivatn Unvnh:.

head is not nearly so much compressed as in Li/strosaurus

McCaiiji, and as a good deal of the flattening seen in tile skull is

due to pressure, it is quite possible when a i)ert'ect skull is obtained

that it will be found to be as broad as Li/titrosanrtis latinustris.

In all its osteological details, so far as can be made out, the skull

agrees closely with the better known species. The large sui)ra-

orbital ridge is almost exactly similar to that in Ly.strosdnrus

McG((i(ji. The figures of the sk+ill in Seeley's })aper are unsatis-

factory. In figure 1 the jugal arch is shown as if running parallel

to the postfrontal (postorbital) — in the specimen it is directed

much more towards the posterior end of the postfrontal. The bone

marked lachrymal is the nasal. In figure 3 the bone marked

vomer is the })remaxillary.

Hethulie, O.R.(\

LijslrDSfnu'ii.s xp. /

No. K). This a l)adly weathered skull, with all the surface bones

gone. Probably it l)elongs to Lij.strosnnrus latirostria. Pos-

teriorly it is very broad.

Elandsberg, nr. Cradock. Pres. l)y Mi-. R. Allwright.

Fig 3, Plate 1 ; — Side view of skull of Lystrvsaurus McCaiyl, about \ nat.

size. — (partlj' restored) col., columella ; fr., frontal jii., ; jugal; la.,

liiclirvnial ; lux., maxilla ; na., nasal ; pal., palatine ; pni., parietal ; p.

fr.. prefrontal ; pinx., promaxilla ; p.o. postorbital ; po. fr., postfrontal ;

pt., pterygoid; qu., quadrate; spli, sphenoid ; scj., squamosal; vo.,

vomer.

Oil thi' l»i mains of Proi-oJdjtJioii in the Albany Museum. — By

R. Broom, M.D.. P..Sc.. CIM.Z.s.

The Ncry large series of specimer.s of Pfocofojf/inn-Vi'inii'uxs in

the Albany Museum is i)i'o])ably the finest that has i^ver been

brought together. The s])ecimens are from two l(»calities which,

thougli 100 miles ai)art, are probably on the same geological

bori/ou. The first series of specimens were collected by Mr. D,

Proculophoit. 9

White, at Donnybi'ook, in the Tarkastad disti-ict. The type

t^peciiiieus in the liiitish Museum, described by Owen, were sent

to London b}^ Dr. Atherstone, and in the British Museum catalogue

they are stated to have come from " Tafelberg," but there is no

doubt the London specimens were also collected by Mr. White, at

Donnybrook. These specimens are in a ferruginous fine-grained

sandstone, and as the bones are usually softer than the matrix, the

specimens are difficult to develop and the sutures and delicate

details of the bones are usually but imperfectly shown. The

second series of specimens were collected by Messrs. A. E. and H.

Trollip at Fernrocks, near Tafelberg Station. They comprise a

large series of weathered and broken nodules of indurated fine-

grained sandstone, in which are impressions of skulls and other

bones of Prorolojj/ioN. Li most cases all traces of the bones is

completely weathered away, l)Ut as the matrix is almost as hard as

fliut most perfect impressions remain. In many specimens the im-

pressions indicate that the bones have been imbedded in almost

undisturl)ed positions. In others, the bones, when imbedded,

have Ijeen consideral)ly displaced. By taking casts of the various

impressions it is i)()ssil)le to get the details of almost every bone of

the skeleton. As 1 intend elsewhere to publish a full account of

the osteology and aliinities of ProcoJophon, I shall in the present

paper merely briefly describe the various specimens in the

Museum on which the detailed account will l)e l)ased.

The si)ecimens represent the remains of animals of various

sizes, l)nt as in the one locality large, small, and medium sized

specimens occur, and the characters, other than size, which

distinguish them, are unimportant, I think all the specimens nuiy

safely be refei-ivd to the one species, Procoloplion Iriijonicc'iia.

— OWKX.

J^j-')cnlo/j/i(iii / r/(/i)lin'i'jjs. -<)\VK.\.

1. An almost pei-1'eet skull with the lower jaws in position. Tiie

bo;ies aie slightly crushed and the sutures not .very distinctly seen.

The right jngal arch and most of the right lower jaw are hidden

by matrix. The sifeeimen is valuable as showing the sncnit in

almost perfect condition. The nasal bones are continued forwards

in advance of the })lane of the incisor teeth, and the anterior nai-es

are direcleil outwards and downwards. The jjremaxillaries, which

each bear li teeth, are anchylosed together, and send forwards and

10 Alhany Mnseum Uecordn.

upwards a well-developed median process which passes u])

between the two nasals and completely divides the two nostrils.

Donnybrook. Presented ]>y Mr. D. White.

2. A very good skull, wanting only the anterior end of the

snout, but with the right suborbital region and the greater part of

both jaws hidden by matrix. The cranial sutures are well seen.

A few phalanges are also seen on the same specimen.

Donnybrook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

3. A right lower jaw displaying the inner sin-face of the bone.

Also a few other very fi-agmentary remains.

Donnyl)rook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

4. A slab showing the greater part of the vertebral column,

ribs, fragments of ilia, femora and a til)ia of a medium sized

animal. This is the specimen which was developed under Prof.

Seeley's direction, and has been figured and described by him

(Phil. Trans. 181)2. B. Plate 23). Seeley's description is very

accurate, but the figure is unsatisfactory. The snuill bones which

Seeley i-egards as caudal riljs to the 13th a;id llth caudal vertebrae

are undoubtetlly chevrons.

Donnybrook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

5. Large nodule, showing cast of a hirge skull with both jaws

in position. The i ortion with the cast of the nasal bones has

been l)i'oken off, but the fracture ])erniits of the displaj' of the

cast of the inner processes of tlic prefrontal end of the vomers,

transpalatines and palatines. T.ie Jiodulc also shows casts of the

upper part of the vertebral column, with however tlie vertebr.e

niucli displaced and iinixM-t'ectl y disnhiyc*!. The ei-ivical and

ilorsal vertebne have had well tK'\elo,)ed inteicentra. There are

also casts of a portion of right ieniui- and til)i;i. The remains

have l)een those of a very large aninid with a broad liea*!.

Presented i»y Messis. A. K. ^- II. TliOLLTP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

(t. Large nodule with cast (f a larg^ skull. Tiie specimen is

badly fractured, hut the cast of tlii iii;.- sid; Ou^ thi l-eft jaw

Procolophon. 11

is well shown, and also the structure of the pterygoid, and its

relations to the quadrate and sciuamosal.

Presented by Messrs. A. K. & H. Trollip.

Fernroeks, Tafelberg.

7. Imperfect cast of small skull and upper cervical vertelu-aj.

The specimen also shows the cast of the interclavicle, left clavicle

and left scapula and precoracoid.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernroeks, Tafelberg.

S. Bi'oken nodule showing remains of skull and upper vertebrae

of a medium-sized animal. Fairly good impressions are shown

of the lower jaws and of the right quadrato-jugal horn. The

central region of the skull has been broken across above the

pterygoids, and shows the upper surface of these bones which have

not been weathered out, and also the upper surface of the basi-

sphenoids and basioccipital. Owing to incomplete weathei ing the

upper cervical vertebrae cannot be very distinctly made out, but

there appears to be a rib springing from the axis and from each

of the succeeding vertebra;.

Presented l)y Messrs. A. E. & H. TROLLIP.

Fernroeks, Tafelberg.

9. Badly weathered nodule, showing cast of back of the bead

and of a number of cervical and dorsal verteljra^, and ribs of a

moderate-sized animal. Though the parietals are large, the

(luadrato-jugal bones are smaller proportionally than in some

other specimens. The connection of the quadrate aiul the

pterygoids is very well shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. TROLLIP.

Fernroeks, Tafelberg.

10. Fine cast of tlie bones of a small animal. The Iowim- jaw

lias l)nt <S teeth. Casts of a portion of the interclavicle and of both

chivicles are shown. There are also fairly good casts of the left

precoracoid and coracoid, and of the right scapula and humerus.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. TROLLIP.

Fernroeks, Tafell)erg.

12 Albany Museum Records.

11. Badly weathered impression of bones of skull of a fairly

large animal.

Presented ])y Messrs. A. K. <.K: H. Trollip.

Ferni-ocks, Tafell)erg'.

12. Badly weathered impression of bones of skull. The bones

have been much crushed, Init the specimen shows very distinctly

the cast of the articulai* end of the (juadrate.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. A H. Tkollip.

Fernrocks, Tafell)erg.

13. Weathered cast of bones of skull of a small animal. Shows

fairly well the relations of the (juadrate to the squamosal. The

lower jaw has D teeth, of which the 4th is verj' much smaller than

the others.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

11. Weathered cast of bones of skull, with lower jaws and a

few upper vertebrae. The cast has been broken across behind the

orbits and displays beautifully two delicate columelhe cranii, very

similar to those of lizards.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. TROLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafelbei-g.

15. Cast of a small skull — about the size of the type. Shows

the impressions of both jaws well, and the pre-vomerine teeth. In

the lower jaw there have been 0 teeth, of which the 1th was small.

Presented l)y Messrs. A. E. k H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

16. Large nodule showing cast of a moderately large skull — im-

perfect and badly displayed. There are also impressions of most

of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae and ribs, and imperfect im-

pressions of the right scapula and humerus. On the same nodule

are also imperfect impressions of the skull of another individual.

The casts of the centra of the vertebrae show that the notochoi-d

has ))een persistent.

Presented by Me.ssrs. A. E & II. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Taf el lierg.

Procolophon. 13

17. Imperfect and weathered cast of the palatal surface of the

sknll, showing the pre-vomers, pahitines, pterzgoids, transpahitines

and basisphenoids. There are also imperfect impressions of a few

upper cervical vertebrae.

Presented by Messrs. A. Vj. & H. TroLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

18. Nodule showing the impression of the maxillaries, and of

the upper surface of the ])alatal bones. There are also shown the

impressions of the upper f) cervical vertebrae.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp. .

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

V.\ Miich weathei'ed cast of the palate, showing very satisfac-

torily the palatine processes of the premaxillaries, thepre-vomerine

and pterygoid teeth. The teeth of tbe maxillary bone are seen to

be 7 in number, of which the 1st two are smaller than the others.

The teeth, which may be regarded as molars, have broad tlattened

crowns.

Presented by Messrs. A. K. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

20. Broken nodule showing a very tine cast of the I)ase of the

skull. The specimen shows casts of the greater part of the

pterygoids, the basisphenoids, l)asioccipital, and the prootic.

Some of the connections l)etween the quadrate, quadrato-jugal and

pterygoid are also well shown. Casts are also seen of the cervical

and of a numbei- of the dorsal vertebrae and ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

21. Broken nodule, showing impression of the bones of the

middle region of the skull. The relations of the pterygoids to the

palatines and transpalatines are well shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

22. Small broken nodule showing impressions of the jaws and

of the bones of the back of the skull of a small animal. The

specimen shows beautifully the relations of the quadrate,

14 Albany MuHeum Rseorth.

pterygoid, and squamosal, and also the relations of the columellae

to the pterygoids. There are seen to have been 10 teeth in the

upper jaw and 9 in the lower.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

23. Fragment of a nodule showing casts of the bones of the

prefrontal region, and casts of the upper side of the pterygoids,

and of the quadrates. There is also seen what appears to be the

cast of the anterior end of the prootic.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

24. Small nodule showing impression of the crushed remains

of a small skull. The cast of the broad tops of the molar teeth is

well shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

25. Cast of the left jugal arch and of the (juadrato-jugal, and the

quadrate of a large animal. The shape of the (piadrate articular

surface is well shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

2t). Cast showing the impression of the upper surfaces of the

right nasal, prefrontal and lachrymal, and of the right pterygoid,

palatine and transpalatine.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. and H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

27. Cast of the bones of a small skull, imperfectly displayed.

In the lower jaw there are seen to have been 0 teeth, the anterior

ones pointed, the posterior with broad crow-ns.

Presented l)y Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

28. Split nodule showing impressions of the pterygoids,

maxillary teeth and right mandible of a medium sized animal,

Procolop/ion. 15

There appear to have been 0 teeth above and 9 ])elow. The 9th

above has been small and pointed. The teeth of the uppei' and

lower jaws alternate but two mandibular teeth— the 3rd and 4th —

fit in between the 'i\vd and 4th of tlu> upper jaw. The 3rd lower

tooth is much smaller than the others.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

29. Weathered nodule showing casts of some detached bones

of a medium sized skull — especially the cast of the outer side of a

left mandible and the cast of the base of the basioccipital and

basisphenoids. On the same nodule there is the cast of a number

of cervical and upjier dorsal vertebrae and ribs which may belong

to a ditferent individual.

Presented by Messrs. A. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

30. Good cast of the premaxillary, maxillary, prevomerine and

pterygoid teeth. There have been 3 premaxillary pointed teeth, and

six maxillary teeth, of which the first only is somewhat pointed.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

31. "Weathered cast of palate of a small animal. There have

been 3 pointed premaxillary teeth, and 7 maxillary teeth. The

casts of two displaced lower jaws are also shown, one of which

has had 9 teeth, of which the 2nd and 3rd have been somewhat

grooved.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fei-nrocks, Tafelberg.

32. Nodule showing the weathered cast of right mandible, both

pterygoids, and the quadrato-jugal and squamosal of the right

side. There is also well shown a cast of the basioccipital region

with the upper cervical vertebrae in position. The atlas is seen to

be composed of an arch and an inferior element, while between

the atlas and the axis there has been a pair of intercentra. The

intercentrum between the 2nd and 3rd vertebra? has also been

paired, bl^t the succeeding intercentra, though very large, have

16 Alhamj JlH.sfiini llecords.

appai-ently been single. There is evidence of there having been

a distinct and well developed proatlas.

Presented by Messrs. A. K. &. H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg,

.*5I). Split nodnle showing cast of the upper border of the lower

jaws of a medinin sized animal, and also casts of a number of

ctrvical verteb]-a:\ There have only been eight teeth in each

mandible, of which the first 3 are pointed.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

.'U. Portion of a nodule showing. the impressions of the OTiter

sides of the left mandible and jugal arch of a small animal. The

specimen is in splendid preservation, and shows the sutures very

distinctly.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

})">. tSplit nodule showing a good cast of the outer sitle of the

left mandible, cast of lower end of left femur, of many ribs, and of

a series of abdominal ribs. These latter are seen to consist of an

inner bifurcated series, with at least three additional splint bones

passing outward from the presumed innermost element.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

3t). Nodule showing very imperfect impression of left jaw

and mandible. There have been 9 teeth in the mandil)le.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. .t H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

37. Nodule showing cast of the nasal cavities of a medium sized

animal ; also casts of both mandibles, which are displaced. The

cast of the inner side of the left mandible shows the structure of

the symphysis very perfectly, and all the mandil)ular teeth. The first

tooth is large and round, and has at least one well marked groove

on its inner side. The second tooth is considerablv smaller and is

Procolophon. 17

very distinctly grooved. The third is small and is also grooved.

The molars have all In-oad though fairly sharp crowns.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafell)erg.

38. Portion of a nodule showing imperfect cast of part of left

jnaxilla and jngal end of the left mandible.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

39. Small nodule showing cast of part of palate and maxillary

teeth of small animal. Very perfect cast of the upper molar

crowns is shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. p]. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

40. Very line cast of pterygoids, basisphenoids and basioccipital

of a medium-sized animal. Also cast of both mandibles, and of

atlas and axis.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fei-n rocks, Tafelberg.

11. Portion of the skull of a small animal. The parietals ai-e

fairly complete. The specimen also shows very distinctly the

)-ight S(iuamosal, and its attachments to the quadrate, the j)arietal

and the " epiotic."

Donnybrook. Presented by Mr D. White.

42. A few fragments of the skeleton of a small animal. The

only portion of any importance isapartof the left niaiulihle show-

ing tile thorough anchylosis of the teeth to the dentary.

Donnybrook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

41). Laj-ge weathered nodule showing fairly good cast of a large

aninuU. The nodnle has been split, a,nd shows very well tlif

sti'ucture of the pterygoids.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. c\; H. TiiOLLlP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

18 Alhanii Muneum Mecords.

44. Very fine cast of the palate of a medium sized animal, and

also fine cast of the interclavicle, of the right coracoid and of

the right precoracoid and scapula. The specimen is the only one

which shows that there has lieen present a distinct true vomer —

the so-called parasphenoid of most authors. Its relations to the

l)asisphenoids and to the pterygoids are very similar to those of

the so-called "parasphenoid" in Paloeohatteria and Sphenodon.

Presented by Messrs, A, E. & H, Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

45. Very fine cast of interclavicle of a large animal. Also on the

same nodule imperfect cast of I^oth coracoids and precoracoids.

Also a fine cast of the upper end of the left hume}-us.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. A: H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

46. Nodule showing imperfect casts of anterior end of intercla-

vicles, both clavicles, both precoracoids, of portions of both scapu-

lae and of both humeri. There are also seen impressions of the

neural arches of a few doi'sal vertebrae, and of a number of ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

47. Specimen showing casts of posterior end of the interclavicle^

of portions of both coracoids, and of a stii<-s of ribs. There are

also seen impressions of a few abdominal i-ibs, and of a displaced

cl-ivicle.

Pi-esented by Messrs. A. PI ct H. TROLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

4S.''Xodule showing impressions of ID vertebrae and many ribs

ot a small animal. Thei-e is also seen the impression of a portion

of the right side of the skull, and of a considerable portion of the

right arm. The impression of the ulna is perfect and there are

fairly good impressions of the ulnare and pisiform.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. TroLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

411. Very hue impression of the under surface of the left carpus

of a large animal. The imi)ression shows the lower ends of iadiu8

Procolojihon. 19

and ulna, D carpal bones, the 5 metacarpals, and the phalanges of

the 1st and r)th digits. The caipals are believed to be radiale,

intermedium, ulnare, pisiform, centrale, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th

carpalia. The first metacarpal is very broad and irregular. There

are four phalanges in the 5th digit. (See Fig. 4, PI. 1).

On the same slab is the weathered impression of a fibula.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafell)erg.

5(1. Impei'fect impression of back of skull of a small animal,

with impressions of a number of the upper vertebi-ae. There are

also fairly good impressions of the precoracoids and imperfect

casts of the coracoids, clavicles, interclavicle and upper end of the

left humerus. On the right side, the lower end of the scapula is

seen articulating with the precoracoid and coracoid, and it is seen

that the precoracoid does not extend in advance of the scapula,

as has been hitherto believed.

Presented by Messi'S. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

51. Weathered nodule showing impressions of a fiagment of (he

skull and of 2'^ vertebrae — all presacral , and of many ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. K. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafell)erg.

52. Small nodule showing fairly good cast of the outer side of

right shoulder girdle and of left coracoid. Also cast of the right

humerus, showing that there has been a well-develoiied entejji-

condylar foramen or groove, but no ectepicondylar foramer.

There are also impressions of the bodies of a series of dorsal vei-

tebrae. Two small intercentra are shown. The front of the

scapula is in a line with the front of (he precoiacoi'', the Jaige

clavicle lying along the anterior borders of each.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

51) and 5I>A. Split nodule showing casts of lowei- end of left

humerus, ulna and radius, and of a numl)er of displaced car] als

and metacarpals.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

20 Albany Museum Records.

54. Badly weathered nodule showing cast of fragment of man-

dible and of the two clavicles.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

55. Nodule showing casts of portion of the liack of the skull of

a small animul, and impressions of the first twelve vertebrae and

ribs. The structure of the axis and atlas is not very well shown.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fjfurocks, Tafelberg,

5l). Small nodule showing impression of part of left preocular

portion of small skull.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

57. Impressions of ten dorsal vertebrie and ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. A; H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

5(S. Impressions of the neural arches of five dorsal vetebrae.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. TROLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafell)erg.

5'.1. Impressions of eight dorsal vertel)rae and ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. S: H. TROLLIP.

Fenv.ocks, Tafelbei-g.

()0. Nodnle showing impressions of lower jaws of a small

animal. There are also seen impressions of part of interclavicle

and of right clavicle, and of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits of

the left manus. There have been 5 phalanges in the 4th digit — the

firs^ four being well shown in the specimen. The 3rd digit has

had 4 phalanges, of which 3 are shown. The second digit has had

3 philanges, impression of all of which are shown.

Presented 1)y Messrs. A. E. A: H. TROLLIP.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

Procohphon. 21

Gl. Cast of seven dorsal Tertehrae with ribs, and impressions of

a series of abdominal ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. mkI H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

62. Impressions of the bodies of three dorsal vertebrae, showing

no indications of intereentra.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

63. Weathered nodule showing impressions of a large number

of bones disconnected and probably belonging to two indi-

viduals. Among these are the impressions of the postei-ior dorsal

vertebrae and the first three sacral vertebrae of a large animal ;

impressions of a number of other large dorsal vertebrae ; impres-

sions of eight caudal vertebrae from apart of the tail much l)ehind

the sacrum : and also the impression of a small manus. This

manus, which is the left, shows the claw -phalanx of both the first

and the second digits, and all five metacarpals. The carpal

elements are a little displaced, but they seem to be 1st, 2nd, I5rd

and 4:th carpalia, the radiale, ulnare, and centrale.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. ct H, Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

64. Broken nodule showing imperfect impressions of almost the

whole series of presacral vertebrae and manj' ribs. There are also

impressions of the inner side of the left scapula and left clavicle,

and of left coracoid and precoracoid : an imperfect impression of

a part of the back of the skull, and of the right humerus. There

are good impressions of a series of abdominal ribs. Though the

remains are much distorted, the abdominal ribs from their

position in the specimen seem to have been mostly in the posterior

abdominal region. The very long interclavicle, no doubt, served

as a support for the more anterior region.

Presented by Messrs. A. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

22 Alhaiiif Mnsciw/ Records^

(Jo Nodule showing impressions of a nnmber of dorsal vertebrse.

Between one pair a large intei'centruni is seen.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H, Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

()(i. Nodule showing impressions of both ischia, part of left

pul)is, part of left femur, and of the almost perfect left foot. The

ischia are lai'ge flat bones which articulate with each other in the

middle line. In the foot the 1st and 2nd digits are complete —

the 1st with 2 and the 2nd with 3 phalanges. Of the 3rd digit casts

of the metatarsal and 2 phalanges are shown ; of the 4th only of

the metatarsal. Casts are seen of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tarsalia,

and of a portion of the tibiale. On the same nodule is seen a cast

of the first D caudal vertebrae. Though the impressions are some-

what weathered, one or two intercentra can be seen.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

67. A I)eautifully preserved impression of the ventral surface of

the ischia and pubes. There are also shown impressions of the

centra of a series of presacral and postsacral vertebrae, and of por-

tions of the ilia, and of the right femur. Connected with the four

jDresacral vertebrae shown, there are well-developed intercentra, and

an intercentrum has been developed in front of what appeared to

be the 2nd and 3rd caudal vertebrae, but there is no indication of

an intercentrum in front of the 4th and 5th vertebra3. Probably

chevrons begin at the 4th vertebra. There has been no obtui-ator

foramen between the pubis and ischium, but the pubis is pierced

by a small round foramen near its articular liorder. (fig. ;">, ])1 1).

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

(J8. An alm.ost perfect impression of the whole of the left leg of

a small animal. Tibia and Fibula are both well developed, the

fibula l)eing only a little more slender. The tarsus consists of a

fairly large tibiale united to a small intermedium, a fairly large

fibulare and four tarsalia, of which the 4th is the largest.

Impressions of all five metatarsals are well seen, and of

the phalanges of the first four digits There are respectively

Procofophon. 23

2, 3, 4, and 5 phalanges in the first four digits. Most probably in

the 5th there were -4. (See tig. (>, pi. 1.)

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

69 & 69a. a split nodule, showing beautiful casts of the bones

of the left leg of a moderately large animal. There are indications

of all the tarsals, which are very similar to those of the previous

specimen. There are also seen impressions of a few ribs and

vertebrae.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. &■ H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

70. Badly weathered nodule, showing impressions of a number

of isolated vertebraj, of portion of mandible, and of a femur.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Trollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

71. A fairly-well preserved left ilium, displaying the inner side.

Donnybrook Presented by Mr. D. White.

72. A moderately well preserved right humerus, and a few other

very fragmentary remains.

Donnybi-ook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

73. A few fragmentary dorsal vertebrae and ribs.

Donnybrook. Presented by Mr. D. White.

74. Weathered nodule showing impressions of the sides of 4

dorsal vertebra;. Between each there is seen the impression of a

well-developed intercentrum.

Presented ))y Messrs. A. E. & H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

75. Nodule showing impressions of some tarsal and metatai'sal

bones of a large animal. The impressions are imperfect, but

24 Albany Mif-smm Records.

appear to bo lower end of tibia, tibiale, portion of fibiilare, 2nd,

3rd, and 4th tarsalia and 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals.

Presented by Messrs. A. E. & H. Teollip.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

76. Portion of a nodule showing impressions of a few dorsal

vertebrae and 7 imperf ectly weathered ribs.

Presented by Messrs. A. E, S: H. Trolltp.

Fernrocks, Tafelberg.

The examination of the above specimens shows that Proajlophon

has its affinities with PaUeohatteria, and that it is not a near ally

of the Theriodonts. In only one important character does it re-

semble the Theriodonts viz. the possession of an ossified precora-

coid ; while the possession of abdominal ribs, a persistent noto-

chord, and the presence of 3, 4, 5, and 4 phalanges in the 4 outer

digits, remove it far from the Dir.ynodonts, tl\e Theriodonts, and

the Monotremes and place it somewiiere among the primiti\'e

Rhynchocephalians,— posf^ibiy not far from PaJceohatteria.

Fig. 1, Plate 1 : — Casts of the impression of the carpal and other bones of

the leftmanus of a large ProcoZoj)/; on (Spec. -J 9). Nat. size. U, ulna ;

E,, radius ; p, pisiform ; u, ulnare ; i, inteiniediuni ; r, radiale ; c,

centrale ; 1, 2, 3, 4, the four cai-palia.

Fig. 5, Plate 1 : — Cast of the impression of the front of the ischia and pubes

of Procolophon (Spec. 67). Nat. size.

Fig. 6, Plate 1 : — Cast of the impression of the bones of the left foot of a

small Procolophon (Spec. 68). Nat. size. F, fibula; T, Tibia; f,

fibulare ; i and t, intermedium and tibiale united ; 1, 2, 3, 4, the four

tarsalia.

Pottcnj. 25

On some Hottentot and Bnshman Pottery in the collection of the

Albany Museum.— By Dr. S. Schonland, Hon. M.A. Oxon.

All along the coast of Cape Colony from Namaqualand to the

Bashee (and probably also further north) one finds a large number

of kitchenmiddens. They are chiefly composed of large shells,

and this Ttact alone points to their having been accumulated by

human agency ; but with them one finds bones of animals, the

marrow bones being split open for ol)vious purposes. With them

and near them one finds ashes and coals, stone-implements, frag-

ments of pottery, bone awls, Sec. Though of immense extent, our

knowlege of them is comparatively recent, and a systematic ex-

ploration will no doubt yield very interesting results as to the

knowledge of the races of man which inhabited the southern

extremity of Africa during prehistoric times. Some of these

middens are comparatively recent, while others most likely go back

to very remote times. ^ The question naturally presents itself :

Who left these remnants of the past ? They were certainh' not

left by any Bantu tribe, and there remain only the Bushmen and

the Hottentots to consider. As a rule they are ascribed to im-

poverished Hottentots, but Theal maintains^ (and, I think, rightly

so) that all the shell-heaps on the S. A. coast were not made by

impoverished Hottentots. A few — possibly a good manj' — were

made by Bushmen, as is proved by the paintings overhanging the

deposits. There must also have been mixed breeds along the coast

in olden times, as there are to-day in the territory about the Lower

Vaal River, and some of the remains may be due to them. These

mixed breeds arose from the union of Hottentot men with captured

Bushwomen, for though the races were constantly at war, yoimg

' See George R. McKay, " Evidence of the Antiquity of Man in East

London, Cape Colony " Natural Science, Vol. XI, November, 1897.

The complete paper of which this is only an abstract, together with a

number of illustrative diagrams, is jjreserved in MS. in the library of

the Albany Museum.

2 G. M'Call Theal, "The Portuguese in South Africa," London, 1896, p. 1.

26 Albany Museum Records.

females were generally spared by the less savage of the two. It is

usual to call the Midden-people by the name of " Strandloopers."

This term seems to have been originally restricted to a small Hotten-

tot tribe found in Van Ri check's time,i and though it is convenient

to give it now the current extended meaning, it must always be re-

membered that from an ethnograi)hieal point of view it cannot be

clearly defined, while as a rule it signifies Primitive Hottentots.

Before further discussing the quesUon whether it is possible to

distinguish between Hottentot and Bushman pottery generally, I

will describe a few of the pottery relics in the Albany Museum

which must be ascribed to either of these two races. The finest of

these is obviously the one reproduced on Plate II, fig. 1 (C 276 of

the Museum Register). It is ;H in. wide at tiie mouth, 14^ in. high,

and its greatest breadth is 8| in. Though of very elegant shape,

it will be noticed that it is not quite symmetrical. It is reddish in

appearance, both inside and outside, Init black on the fractures,

thus indicating that it is very well burned of clay tak^i^ from

termiteheaps with which the pupa? of termites had beeii mixed.

As ornamentation it only shows a number of nearly parallel lines

round the neck. It is evidentlj- hand-made without the aid of a

potter's wheel. It is rather thin and evenly built throughout, only

the bottom perhaps being somevvhat thick. In contemplating

and handling it one cannot help sharing Kolbe's^ enthusiasm for

the Hottentot's art of making pots. He mentions several times

thataiji European potter could, without tools, not produce such

excellent pots as these savages built up with their bare hands. It

was found upside down in a hole, evidently specially prepared for

it, by Mr. R. L. Walker on his farm near Port Alfred, and presented

to the Museum eventually by Mr. Mitford Bowker. In this hole

the pot had probably been burned as descril)ed by Kolbe, though

no remnant of fires could be seen when I examined the hole with

Mr. Bowker. I must add, however, that at the time it did not

strike me to look for them, and l)esides in the shifting sand its

traces may have been removed. The hole was situated towards the

edge of a flat piece of ground, several acres in extent, just behind

Mr. Walker's house, and about 4 miles east of Port Alfred, and

only separated from the sea by a range of sandhills. This piece of

' See Gustav Fritsch, '-Die Eingeborenen Sued Afrikas," Breslau, 1872,

p. 265.

'^ Peter Kolbe, " Beschryving van de Kaap de Goed Hoop," Amsterdam,

1727, II, p. 62, 90.

Pottery. 27

ground lias been used as a ploughed field until the wind recently

removed the surface soil and exposed what must have l)een the

camping place of a Hottentot horde.

There a-^ still some heaps of stones on this ground which show

plain signs that they were used as fire-places and there are a few

mounds of shell which prove that these people lived to a certain

extent on shells. ^ A few broken marrow bones of a large animal

(Bufl'alo ?) were also found. Bits of pottery were strewn all ovei-.

There were also numerous pieces of ochre in various colours.

Of stone-implements, rubbers (or "mullers") were very numerous.

A few of these were collected by Mr. Bowker and uiyself, and

we also brought away the following, most of which were found by

Mr. Bowker : 1- grooved stone (usually considered to be an arrow-

sharpener) ; 1 complete shallow biconcave stone-dish ; halves of 2

other shallow dishes ; fiat digging-stones (2 complete, 1 with

exceixtric hole, 1 in which the perforation is not complete, and one

half of another) ; 3 stone knives and a scraper. As cutting stone-

imjjlements were verj' scarce, and as there was almost an entire

absence of stone implements that could be used as spear-heads or

arrow-heads, though they are frequent in kitchen-middens only a

few hundred yards distant (at the mouth of the Rufanes river), it

is possible that this encampment was used at a comparatively

recent date. This view is strengthened by the finding of a bit of

coarse native pottery (made like some European prehistoric pot-

tery of clay mixed with coarse quartz sand), wdiich can only

have been the neck of a bottle copied from a European model.

Mr. Bowker told me that when his father came to the adjoining

farm Tharfield in J 820 with the British Settlers, some of the

strandloopers of the neighbourhood were employed by them in

burning lime, and it is quite possil)le that the encampment does

not date further back than the time of the British settlement of

Lower Albany.

Five pots similar to the one descriljed above (though not of such

an elegant form) and also ascribed to Hottentots are in the col-

lections of the S. A. Museum, Capetown. Mr. L. Peringney, F.E.S.,

was good enough to have them photographed for me. Four of them

' The following shells were represented on the mounds : Gominella porcata,

HalioUs midm, Oxystele merula, Patella rustica, P. tabular is, P. sp.^

Purpura capensis, Turbo cidaris.

I am indebted to Ool. Grant, of Port Alfred, for oalling my attention to

this "kitchen-midden."

28 Albany MnKcnm Records.

show the "ears" which are said to he charaeteristic of Hottentot

pottery. They consisted of thickened portions below the neck

throngh which a hole was made which allowed a sinew or thong

of hide to be passed in order to suspend the pot. They were either

slightly raised or flush with the surface of the pot. It is interest-

ing to note that in the 5th pot these ears are only indicated by

2 round projections which evidently serve only to ornament the

pot and are of no practical use. It need not, therefore, surprise us

when we find that they are absent in our pot. But thaty " eared"

pottery was used by the people by whom it was left behind, was

proved by the fact that a number of " ears" were found on their

encampment some of which are represented on plate II, fig. a-f . '

Pots similar to ours, were made by the Ancient Egyptians,

Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, etc. The Ancient Egyptians even

made " eared" pottery which were slung on a small cord of bast-

fibres. All these nations, however, used the potter's wheel which

was unknown to South African natives before the advent of

Europeans and is even now scorned (with the exception of some

Basutos ?) by those who still make their own pottery. Besides

S. A. tribes turned their knowledge of the art of pottery to no

other account but for making pots (and comparatively recently

bottles), and though the beautiful and artistic terra-cotta figures

of Greece were quite unknown to the more Ancient Egyptians

they made dolls and other rude figures of pottery. ^ A direct

connection between the Ancient Egyptians and the Hottentots

(which was deduced by Bleek and others on linguistic grounds,

though repudiated by other authorities) can, therefore, scarcely be

traced in their pottery. We must pre-suppose a missing link

which has to be looked for in pre-historic times. It may here also

be stated that all Hottentot and Bushman pottery is unglazed,

though as a rule quite watertight (owing perhaps, as Kolbe

already pointed out, to a mixture of white-ant " eggs " with the

clay used).

Plate II, fig. 2, represents a pot (C. 14 of the Museum register)

found by Mr. F. Cock in the sandhills not far removed from a

kitchenmidden at the mouth of the Rufanesriver. It is of much

' Eared wooden vessels were also made by Hottentots. See illustration in

William Burchell, " Travels in the Interior of South Africa," London,

1822, Vol. I, p 406.

* Adolpli Erman, " Life in Ancient Egypt," transl. by H. M. Tirard, Lon-

don, 1894, p 457.

Pottery. 29

coarser make and not so well Ijurned as the first. In shape it

resembles an Egyptian l)owl of red polished ware figured by

Samuel Birch. "^

It is about iUiu. wide at the mouth.

The kitchenmiddens at the mouth of the Rufanes River have

yielded a number of other specimens of pottery to the Museum

collection. These include a nearly complete cup'-^ (C 107 of the

Museum register) found l)y Mr. F. Pyni. It is nearly hemis-

pherical and only 3jin. wide, and llin. deep. It is without orna-

mentation and quite bl ick. Another (C 110), also found by Mr.

Pym, indicates a large pot of somewhat conical shape, with wide

mouth and flattened bottom It is without ornamentation, Init

l)its showing the parallel lines on the neck as in fig. 1, 5a, and iJa,

are also frequent, and lastly we find occasionally l)its. which are

ornamented by impressions of lines of dots or ])road short lines

(fig. 5, d-g). Som? are burned quite red, atid theiefore evidently

made of pure clay. Numerous other fragments from kitchenmiddens

situated on the coast from the Peddie district to Port Elizaljeth are

in the Musttem collecti^nis, but none of them show any interesting

features beyond those to which reference has already l>een made

except that some have neat holes bored through them which were

for a long tim? a g.-ea': pu/./.le until the portion of the pot repre-

sented on fig. 3 gave a clue to them.

This fragment (C 192 of the Museum register) which gives a fair

idi'a of the form which the pot had when complete, was found,

l)r()ken into small pieces, in acave at King's Quarry, close to Grahams-

town. That this cave was occupied l)y Bushmen is shown I)y the

fact that on the walls there were, until recently, a numbei- of

characteristic Bushman paintings. Whether the pot was made by

the Bushmen themselves, or obtained from neighbouring Hottentot

tribes is impossible to say. I have, however, not been able to find

any traces of pottei-y in or about some undoubted Bushman caves

along the Botha's rive:-, al)out "> miles north-east of Grahamstown,

nor were there any stone implements, which were numerous in

the King's Quarry cave. A large fragment of a very wide-mouthed

pot with one "ear," init without ornamentation, was found l)y Mr.

C Butt in a cave near the Hiishmms Hiver-mouth (0 222 of the

' SiiiiiLiel Birch. '• Hist.-ry of Aucifiit Potteiy," New -.uid rovi^tvl edition,

Lutidoii 1H7:5 (No. 21.)

-^ Tlii.s, liko tlie tifst ;iiiil utlicr.s. w^is itHTivc.l in fr.ij^iiii'uls iiiid .succ.esisftdiv

joined togL-tlier.

30 Albany Museum Records.

Museum register) which had also, most likely, been inhabited In

Bushmen. The pot to which the poi-tion represented on lig. i5 be-

longed, was rather coarsely made, and notparticulai'ly well burned.

It is cibout ll^in. wide at the mouth. In addition to the holes

through the " ears." it exhibits 5 neatly bored holes, 4 of which are

clearly shown in the figure. These are in paiis and their position

indicates that they were used to bind together the pot when it was

threatening to fall to pieces by showing cracks. Anybody who has

seen what pains our natives even now sometimes take to l)ind to-

gether ci-acked calabashes, and how cleverly they do it, will admit

that this simple explanation of the occurrence of these holes in

bits of native pottery is not far-fetched.

We now come to the small pot represented on fig. 4 ((' 228 of

the Museum register). It is ojin. wide at the mouth, and of about

the same height. It is made of very inferior material ai.d ^ery

badly burned. The walls are rather thick and very unevenly

finished. It shows sig^s of having been used over a fire. It has

three knobs (there are none on the side not shown on the

figure) which represent a reminiscence of " ears." It was found

by Mr. T. Cronw^right about .')()0 oi' 100 yards from the Kleine-

monde river (which is east of Port Alfred) and about a mile and a

half from the sea in a very dense thicket. It was more than half

buried in the ground. As in material and finish it is much in-

ferior to the pottery hitherto considered, I am inclined to look

upon it as made by Bushmen, though this view is incapable of

proof. I find, to a certain extent, confirmation of this view in the

samples of Bushmen pottery fi-om the Stormberg, presented by

Dr. R. Kannemeyer, F.J..S. (("- r)0-<S7 of the Museum register). In all

these pieces the selection of material has not been so cai-efully

m.ade as in the pottery ascribed to Hottentots. They are also

thicker and more clumsy than the lattei-, and throughout they ai-e

not particularly well burned. Some aie jilain like the jot jejjre-

sented by figure 4 ; others are, however, much more carefully and

artistically ornamented than the pottery from the coast, as we might

expect from a race so much more artistically inclined than the

Hottentots. On figures 8 and *.) a number of these ornamented

l)its are reproduced. All the dots and lines on them are evident-

1}' separately made by hand. There aie, however, two largei- pieces

in the collecti(^n (C 48 and 40 of the Mnseum registei-) which

suggest a different method in the production of the ori.ament-

ation. It seems that at all events sometimes (as ]:ointed out by

Dr. Kannemeyer in a M.S. note attached to the si)ecime'ns)

Pottery. 31

the Bushmen did not buikl up their pots in the same manner

as the Hottentots, but first made rusli-baskets which they smeared

with clay on the inside. The whole was then burned, which

caused the rushes to perish and the clay-pot, showing the

impressions of the rushes, remained behind.

I have not seen anj pottery made by Kalahari-Bushmen,

and I am not sure whether tliej^ ever made any. Fritsch,^ in

speaking of the Bushmen generally, simply says, after describing

their food : " For the preparation of such primitive food there is no

long series of utensils re(|uired, but they have rough earthenware

pots, which more frequently serve to preserve things in, than for

cooking purposes." Burchell, though going everywhere minutely

into details, never mentions Bushman pottery. But we must not

foi'get that ever since Europeans colonised South Africa, the Bush-

men led the lives of hunted animals, and it is possible, that pre-

viously, when they were able to lead a compai-atively moi-e settled

life, they utilised earthenware pots to a larger extent. On the

other hand it is possible that thej' only learned the potter's art

from Hottentots. The Hottentots, wherever they came into contact

with Europeans, soon lost the art of making pots of their own.

Their philosophy of life was akin to that of the Indian chief who

is reported to have said to a European "■' : " Oh, brothei", you will

never know the blessings of doing nothing and thinking nothing ;

and yet, next to sleep, that is the most delicious. Thus we were

before birth, thus we shall be after death." Such a race was

bound to be absorbed hy a stronger conquering race, and lose the

few a*rts that, in their state of nature, were almost a necessity to

to them. Again Burchell makes no mention of Hottentot pottery,

and other .writers on S.African natives onlv occasionallv make

a casual iftference to it, while it seemi to me that the praise

bestowed on it by Kolbe, who knew the Hottentots at the

beginning of the ISth centui-y, is perfectly justified.

' h. c, p. 317.

■^ F. Max Miillor. " Lectures on the origin anil growth of religiou." Now

impression. Lonidou, LSiKS, p. 7!).

32 Albany Museum Records.

Explanation of Plate II.

Illustrating Dr. S. Sohuuland's ])aper on Hottentot and Busbman pottery.

(All figures are from photographs by the author).

Fig. 1. — Hottentotls pot found about .5 miles east of Port Alfred. About

X natural size.

Fig. 2. — Pot found close to kituhen-middeus in the sandhills near the

mouth of the Rufanes River by Mr. J. N". Cock. About J^ natural

size.

Fig. ;^. — Portion of a pot fouad in a Bushman cave close to Grahamstmvii.

About X natural size.

Fig. 4. — Bushman (y) pot found near the mouth of the Kleinemonde River

by Mr. T. Cronwright. About X natural size.

Fig. 5. — Fragments of pottery found in kitchen- middens near Port Alfred,

showing various styles of ornamentation. Nearly A natural size.

Fig. 6. — Fragments of pottery found in kitcheumiddens near Port Alfred,

showing the " ears " throue^h which sinews or thongs of hide were

passed by means of which many pots were suspended. Nearly

J natural size.

Fig. 7 and 8. — Fragments of Bushman pottery found by Dr R. Kanneme;, er,

F.L.S., on the Stormberg, illustrating various styles of ornamen-

tation. Nearly A natural size.

Ahe. 33

On some South African species of Aloe, with special reference to

those represented in the Herbarium of the Albany Museum

(with descriptions of two new species).— By Dr. S. SchoNLAND,

Hon. M.A. Oxon.

Our knowledge of the South African species of Aloe is to a

large extent based on the plants cultivated in European gardens.

In looking ov^er Mr. J. G. Baker's monograph of them in the Flora

Capensis (Vol. VI, p. 302), which was only published a few yeais

ago, we find that of almost exactly half the number of species no

single locality is mentioned, and that as regards these no reference

is made to material grown ii;i South Africa. This state of affairs is

largely due to the fact that, to travelling collectors especially, they

are rather troublesome to preserve. I maj', however, mention

that they can be very well preserved for the Herbarium if they

are soaked for a few days in a strong solution of Cooper's sheep-

dip and pressed in the ordinary fashion with frequent changes of

paper. As is the case with other succulents, they naturally lose

many of their characteristic features in drying, and to study them

thoroughly one must have recourse to growing specimens and

observe them for years. This I have been able to do with a

number of species in my private collection, which has now been

transferred to the Museum grounds, where they are all thriving in

the open to the numb 3r of nearly 40 species, and I trust that one of

the results of this paper will be, that all those interested in Botany

in Sjuth Africa will ai^ist m3 in miking this collection as cam-

plete as possible. In this way I hope to greatly enlarge our at

present lamentably deficient knowledge of the geographical dis-

tribution of these plants which form such an important feature of

the Flora of South Africa, l)ut I hope also to define the limits of

the species better than it was hitherto possible, and lastly there is

no doubt that we shall find that a large number of species are

hitherto undes^ribed.

The Aloes cultivated in European gardens are grown under such

unnatural conditions that many of them present features which

31 Albany Museum Records.

are not found under natural conditions, some of which will be

referred to later on. Some species may have even changed to such

an extent that they can scarcely be recognised in the wild state.

On the other hand a large number of species have retained their

most important characters remarkably well (a fact which is worthy

of attention), and when one makes a little allowance for results

which cultivation in pots usually produces, there is frequently no

difficulty in identifying wild specimens from published descrip-

tions and figures.^

3 {?>Oh)^—Aloe Cooppri, Bak. This species is known from the

Coast Region and Eastern Region of South Africa, but also occurs

in the Transvaal near Johannesburg (Mrs. C. Hutton, no. 304, Ap.

96, in Herb. Albany Museum).

4 (30G). — .4. micracantha, Haw. var. Flowered in Botanical

Gardens, Grahamstown, in Nov., 11H)1. The origin of the plants

in the Botanical Gardens is unknown, but the late Mr. Russell

Hallack told Mr, E. Tidmarsh that it grows on Botha's Hill, near

Port Elizabeth, and Mr, Tidmarsh is under the impression that it

grows south of Grahamstown. Its stem is about 1 foot high. Its

leaves are slightly broader and the marginal teeth somewhat larger

and more numerous than in the type. The white spots on the

leaves are raised as correctly stated by Salm-Dyck.

5 (30G)' — A. Kraussii\BaJc. Apart from Wood's figure ("Natal

plants," III, plate 292) the type of this species is not known to me,

but we have E. E. Galpin, no. 873, which is placed with it in the

Elora Capensis. In the flowers of Galpin's plant in Herl). Alb.

Mus., represented by two specimens, the perianth is decidedly

curved, and altogether it seems to me to be referrable to A. myri-

acantha, Roem. et Schult., from which it only differs by its

smaller size. The perianth is white, striped with green (Galpin

in litt,), whereas Wood describes it in his plant as pale yellow

with brownish tips. Mr. Galpin also thinks that his no. 973 is

quite distinct from A . Kraussri.

' This applies especially to tbe figures in Salm-Dj-ck, "Monographia gene-

nim Aloes et Mesewbriunthemi ,'" Bonnae 1836-1863.

The figures in earlier vohniies of the "Botanical Magazine," and in De

Caudolle's "Plantes Grasses," must, however, as a rule be used with

great caution

* The numbers before each species refer to the Flora Capensis. Thus 3 (30j)

means the 3rd species ou p. 305 of Vol. "VI.

Aioe. 35

6 (306). — A. myriacantlia, Roem. et Schiilt. This species" is

found from near sea-level (Kleinemonde, Mrs. G. White, flo. 951",

in flower Ap. 95) to an altitude of about 3,000' (Highlands-, B.

South, no. 206, in flower March 92), but is also found near

Grahamstown at an altitude of about 2000' (Miss M. Daly and

Miss M. Sole, no. 132). The following notes are from live speci-

mens recently collected :

Perianth slightly curved below, but strongly curved in the

upper third, decidedly two-lipped, upper lip narrow, composed of

the upper parts of the median inner and of the lateral outer petals,

lower composed of the spreading upper parts of the two inner

lateral and of the horizontal upper part of the-median outer petal ;

petals only united at the base, concave below, sub-plicate in the

upper third ; outer pale pink with three longitudinal darker

greenish-red stripes which unite above ; inner very pale yellow

with a dark greenish-red longitudinal stripe in the centre,,

minutely cucullate at the apex: filaments flattened, very pale

greenish-yellow ; anthers pale red : pollen pale reddish-yellow ;

ovary green, six-furrowed, style pale green. The flowers are

decidedly proterandrous, the anthers ripen gradually, starting

with the median inner, the median outer one being the last.

7 (306). A. a)-isfafa, Haw. — Steynsburg, in flower in Port Eliza-

beth (Mr. W. Armstrong's garden), Oct., 1900, in Grahamstown,

Dec, 1902. I have also had it from Dordrecht. The rosette of

leaves is sometimes as much as 8" in diameter, the peduncle is,

frequently branched, about 1 foot long, the perianth very slightly

constricted above the base and slightly curved.

8 (307). A. Boylei, Bak.— E. E. Galpin, no. 1207, Barberton.

Only the inflorescence is represented in Herb. Albany Museum.

9 (307). ^. A?/. W/7/.S, Mill.— This species flowers in August. The

form figured by Salm-Dyck (1. c. sect. 15, fig. 1) is common near

Port Elizabeth, while the larger forms are found further inland.

Thus the one figured as A. echinata (sect. 15, fig. 2) is found in sub-

carroid places N.W. of Grahamstown, also near Sheldon and

Somerset East, where the form described by him as A. rncnrva

Haw. (sect. 15, fig. 3) has also been found. A dried culti-

vated specimen from Cathcart (Flanagan no. 1324) which was

lent to me by Mr. H. G. Flanagan, F.L.S., has been provisionally

placed by me under this species. It has, however, deltoid-cuspi-

date bracts which I have not seen approached by any other form

of A. hnni/lis and it may be a distinct species.

36 Albany Museum Records.

10 (30(S). A. 2J>^tttensis, Bak., is common in some places near

Grahamstown amongst rocks on the edges of grass veldt. It

flowers in September. Dr. P. MacOwan, in confirming my deter-

mination, told me that it is the same plant which he collected on

the Boschberg. The colour of the perianth is yellowish-red, with

some green in the centre of the tips. The perianth-leaves are

quite free. Sim no. 4104: (Indwe, Dec. '99), collected in fruit only, is

probably the same species.

13 (309). A. longiHtylci, Bak. — This plant is represented in our

Herbarium from Brak Kloof near Grahamstown (collected by

Mrs. G. White), Sheldon (collected by Mrs. C. Hutton), Somerset

East and Laingsburg (collected by Dr. R. Marloth). I have no

doubt of the correctness of the identification, but I find that the

length of the perianth-tube varies. It is sometimes | of the length

of the perianth. Again the stamens are not "slightly" exserted as

stated by Baker (Flora Cap. VI, p. 309), but the longest of them

protrude sometimes nearly \ inch while the style may protrude as

much as 1 inch. The flowers are very decidedly protercgynoiis

The perianth is coloured salmon-pink with a tinge of green in

centre of tips. It has often been confused with some forms of A.

humilis, with which, however, it can scarcely be said to be allied.

It flowers in July.

14 (310). A. Kcldonis, Salm-Dyck. — A specimen collected by

Glass (no. 5G3) in Howison's Poort, close to Grahamstown, is in the

Cape Government Herbarium, and Mr. H. G. Flanagan has found

it near Komgha (no. 1713, Feb. '93, alt. 2000').

17 (310). A. lineata, Haw. — This species is very common near

Grahamstown at an altitude of about 2000'. In its native state it

is is frequently 4-5' high, the trunk is covered with the old leaves,

and is frequently branched from the base. It flowers from

January to March. The following notes are from wild specimens :

Bracts at first closely imbricated, boat-shaped, green with red-

dish tips aud darker longitudinal lines, margin hyaline, white.

Perianth 1|" long, almost straight, slightly constricted above the

base ; outer petals of a pale brick-colour (testaceus)^ petals

almost free, only slightly cohering at the base;' but with

lighter margin and green centre at the tips, inner petals with pale

brick-coloured keeled centre which becomes green near the tip

and with broad almost white margin.

19 (311). A. striata. Haw.— This species is also fairly common

uear Gi'ahamstown where it flowers in midwinter, and where it is

Aloe: 37

known as the "Coral Aloe." A specimen with pnre yellow flowers

is cultivated by Mr. W. Armstrong at Port Elizabeth, a yellowish

tint in the usually red flowers is, however, frequently observed in

wild plants. Mr. E. E. Galpin, F.L.S., informs me that seedlings

with prickly margins were raised in Queenstown Public Gardens.

Perhaps this may be due to hybridisation.

19a. .4. Schonlandi, Bak. (Plate 111, fig. 2.)— ("Gard. Chroni-

cle," p. 130, Dec, 1902). Mr, Baker places this new species, (which,

as I have now ascertained, certainly comes from the Somerset East

district, whence Dr. Becker received a specimen some years ago)

near A. latifolia, Haw. 1 am, however, inclined to place it close

to A. striata, Haw. As Mr. Baker only had a leaf, a portion of

an inflorescence and a photograph at his disposal, I will supple-

ment his description by a few notes taken from a specimen grow-

ing in the Museum grounds :

Acaulescent. Leaves about 18, densely rosulate ; the younger

ovato-lanceolate, somewhat glaucous ; the older ovate with a red-

dish tinge, largest leaves about 12" long, 5-6" wide in the widest

part and about V' thick, above almost flat, below convex ; all

leaves indistinctly striate and with longitudinal, interrupted lines

of very faint white spots which are more numerous on the lower

surface than on the upper. Tips of the younger leaves subcari-

nate, of the older dried up and recurved or twisted ; margin car-

tilaginous, reddish with yellowish border, marginal teeth small

reddish brown with yellowish border, in the young leaves deltoid,

sometimes 2 or 3 lobed, separated later into irregular groups

through the splitting of the cartilaginous border of the older

leaves (Plate III, fig. 2c). Inflorescence 3-1' high, main branches

with numerous empty bracts below the racemes, racemes about 10,

at first short, dense, later rather lax, 2-8" long ; lower pedicels

^-|* long, upper gradually smaller ; bracts lanceolate, about

equalling the pedicels in length, pale with 3 or more distinct

brown longitudinal lines. Perainth red with whitish margins

around the lobes, 1-1:^" long, subcylindrical, slightly constricted

above the base, slightly cvirved ; tube about f the length of the

perianth, tips of lobes slightly bent outwards ; stamens and style

slightly protruding. Flowered in Grahamstown in June and

October.

21 (312). A saponaria Haw.— l strongly suspect that under

this name several distinct species are cultivated in European

gardens. Unfortunately, the illustrations of De Candolle ("Plantes

3n Alliaiuf Mnxcnm Record^:.

Grasses," 11)8, under A. umheUata, var. minor) and of Sims

(Bot. M ag. t 1400, under A. saponaria, var. minor) are almost

' valueless and cannot help us in elucidating the matter, while

Salm-Dyck's plate (I.e. sect. XXIII, fig. 1, under ^. lunhcllata)

"differs -in one tangible character from Baker's description (Flora

Cap. VII, p 312). The latter describes the bracts as deltoid-cuspi-

date, whereas in Salm-Dyck's figure they are lanceolate-acuminate.

A specimen in Herb. Alb. Mus., collected by R. Schlechter

(no. 9775), unfortunately without leaves, amongst rocks on the

Zwartberg (XII. 96) has these deltoidcuspidate bracts, and was

named by the collector A. sa/junaria, Haw. On the other hand,

specimens from various parts of the Eastei-n Province of Cape

Colony and from Natal (See "Natal Plants," by J. M. Wood,

A.L.S., and Maurice S. Evans, M.L.A., Vol.1., plate 100) have

lanceolate-acuminate bracts. The plants which I have under culti-

vation vary, however, so much in size and shape of leaves, colour

and markings of leaves, direction, number and sizje of prickles,

that I cannot venture to separate them yet, especially as similar

variations can be observed in an individual in which the condi-

tions under which it is grown are altered from time to time.

The forms from' the Eastern Province, above referred to, flower

chiefly in October.

22 (313). A latifolia. Haw.— A plant which is frequently grown

in Grahamstown gardens under the name of " Soap-Aloe,"

sind which is found wild in the neighbourhood, must undoubtedly

be referred to this species. It flowers chiefly in January and

February. All the specimens, however, I have seen, were acaules-

, cent, and the plant forms numerous suckers by means of which

it spreads quickly. European authors (including Baker) state

that the stem reaches 1 — 2 feet in height, but this may be due to

the effects of cultivation, as may be seen also in A. striata and A.

microstigma, which, when grown under natural conditions, sel-

dom develop a stem more than a few inches in height. The pro-

portions of our plant, as grown in the Museum grounds, are some-

what larger than those given l)y Baker, the leaves reaching 16in.

in length, and -l^in. in width, and all other parts are also larger ;

. but I have seen numerous specimens which agree well with the

measurements in the Flora Capensis. I must also mention that

in our plants between the larger prickles on the margins of the

leaves there are also smaller ones here and there, which sometimes

are only just perceptable, and sometimes reach a length of nearly

• an eighth of an inch,

A he. 30

2/) (.'^ll). A. ohscura, Mill, — There is a specimen of this plant,

probably derived from our neighbourhood, grown in the Grahams-

town Botanic Gardens. It agrees well with Baker's description in

the Flora Capensis, except that its perianth-tube is very small.

This is also the case with A. pirfa. Thunb. (see De Candolle,

" Plantes Grasses," t97), which Baker i-egards as a synonym of A.

obsciira, Mill. It flowers in Grahamstown in November.

2G (314). A. grandidcntata, Salm-Dyck. — A plant which I

refer to this species was received by me from its native habitat

some years ago, but I regret to say I cannot now find a record of

where it came from. It may have come from Kimberley. The

prickles on the margins of the leaves and the flowers are some-

what smaller than in the type. It flowers in Grahamstown in

October.

27 (315). A. Greem'u Bak. — I owe specimens of this very hand-

some plant to Dr. MacOwan, F.L.S., who states that it comes from

Natal. It flowers in Grahamstown in March and April. Its

inflorescence reaches sometimes a height of 5 feet.

27a. A.Grahami, Schonl. n. sp. (Plate III, fig. 3). Stem, as far

as known, about 45 cm. high ; leaves comparatively thin, about

50 in a dense rosette, dark green with a narrow cartil-iginous

white margin, upper surface channelled, towards the tip

subplicate and subcarinate, obs^irely lineate, not spotted, lower

surface lineate, and with interrupted rows of elojigated whitish

spots, lanceolate, or ensiform, up to GO cm. long and 10 cm.

wide at the base, suberect, recurved in the upper half ;

marginal prickles deltoid-lanceolate, whitish with brown

tips, about 3 mm. long, at irregular intervals, more closely set

at the base and towards the t^p^ ^^p to 3 cm. distant in the

centre, almost at right angles to the margin in the lower

portion of the leaf, curved forward or even hooked in the upper

portion : peduncle GO-90 cm. high, branched in the upper portion,

branches laterally slightly compressed, deep green, with scattered

empty ovato-cuspidate bracts ; flowers in elongating racemes,

numerous, closely set, slightly drooping when open, bracts whitish

with pinkish base, subscarious, 7-nerved, ovato-cuspidate, the

lowest nearly 2*5 cm. long, the upper slightly smaller ; pedicels

erecto-patent, the lower 5 cm. long, the upper gradually smaller ;

perianth 3* 75 to 4* 25 cm. long, outer petals red with brownish-

40 Allan f/ Museum Eccotrh.

green tips, slightly glued to the inner to nearly htilf their length or

sometimes free, inner petals with whitish margin and a broad

red stripe in the centre, filaments bright yellow, anthers slightly

exserted when shedding their pollen, style bright yellow,

eventuallj' exserted about (J mm. It flowers in September.

I have named this species in honour of F. Graham, Esq., CO.

and R.M., who takes a great interest in Natural History pursuits,

and to whom I owe a number of South African succulents.

The specimen from which the description was taken, was noticed

by me in a private garden in Grahamstown, and is now in the

Grahamstown Botanic Gardens. I could not ascertain where it

came from. It is a very handsome species, its dark-green grace-

fully recurved leaves forming a fine contrast to the red flowers.

30 (315). A. microstigma, Salm-Dyck, var. (Plate III, fig. 1). -

I first received this very fine plant from my friend, Mr. W.

Armstrong of Port Elizabeth, who collected it in the Addo bush,

where it forms a favorite food of the elephants, which still roam

about in the Addo bush in considerable numbers. I have since

seen numerous specimens procured by Mr. E. Tidmarsh, Curator

of the Grahamstown Botanic Gardens, and Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,

has kindly confirmed my determination of this as of some other

species. With us it only forms an elongated stem when grown in

the shade. In the open it remains almost "stemless" and branches

freely from the l)ase. When grown in poor ground in the open

the ground-colour of the leaves is a rusty-red, which becomes

greener in better soil and quite green when grown in the shade.

It flowers in June. When looking at an inflorescence in which

about half the flowers are open, one notices that the upper portion

is red, while the lower portion is yellow. Examining a bud

which is about to open one notices that it is red with dirty-green

tip. The flower opens and becomes yellow and the inner whorl

of stamens protrudes about ^". They shed their pollen and

then the stamens of the outer whorl begin to take its place.

By the time the outer whorl of stamens is withdrawn again,

the style has come out.

34 (317). A. tenuior, Haw. — This species extends as far as

Komgha (H, G. Flanagan, no. 1325). It flowers at irregular

intervals (probably influenced hj climatic conditions) almost all

the year round in the neighbourhood of Grahamstown.

Aloe, 41

155(318). A. ciliaris, Haw. — The typical A. ciliaris is not un-

common in the bush near Grahamstown, and is frequently grown

in gardens. It flowere about October. Through Mr. E. Tidmarsh

I received in 1900 a plant (grown in the garden of Lark's 'Hotel,

close to Grahamstown, and probably derived from the immediate

neighbourhood), which at first I was disposed to regard as a new

species, but which may perhaps be better regarded as a variety

of A. ciUaris. I append a description : —

A. ciliaris Haw., var. Tidmarshi, Schonl, nova var. Stem

many yards long when fully developed, sarmentose, richly

branched ; branches terete, about :^in. diam., not striated, green ;

leaves sheathing at base,i covering entirely the internodes

which are about ^inch long, ' sheaths light reddish or greenish

striped with the same tint, but darker ; leaves lanceolate acute

about 4in. long, concave, about 1^" broad where the sheath begins

above with margins distinctly rolled in, texture somewhat firmer

than in A. ciliaris, marginal teeth very minute,' getting bigo-er

lower down, but even then not longer than 1'" on the sheath, and

very thin there, which is in marked contrast with A. ciliatis ;

inflorescence lateral, though subterminal ; peduncle compressed at

base and with 2 opposite minute wings, about (S in. long, and pro-

vided with 3 or 4 empty bacts ; raceme 4-G" long, rather lax, ped-

icels about <S" long, ascending, bracts narrow lanceolate, about half

the length of the ptdicels ; perianth almost cylindrical, gradually

getting a little wider near the apex and with an almost imper-

ceptible curvature, J" long, bright coral red with the exception of

the segments which are pale greenish-yellow ; inner perianth

leaves (as in A. ciliaris) quite free, spatulate, greenish-yellow at

the tips, lighter towards the base ; filaments much more slender

than in A. ciliaris. Stamens and style ultimately slightly exserted.

It will be seen that this variety, besides other differences from

A. ciliaris is smaller in all parts and its leaf-bases are not decided-

ly ciliated.

It is strange that Mr. Baker has made no reference in the Flora Capensis

to the leaf-sheaths, which are found well developed in A. ciliaris

and allied species, but are also more or less indicated in so many others.

This becomes sometimes misleading. For instance, with reference to

A. striatula (Flora Cap. VI p. 318), it is stated that the internodes are

conspicuously striped with green, whereas only the leaf-sheaths are

striped and not the imderlying internodes.

42 Albany Museuin Records.

A second variety :

A. ciliaris, Haw., var. FJanagani, Schonl. nova var, has ovate-

lanceolate leaves which are about 3" long and |" broad, the

marginal teeth are as minute as in var. Tidmarshi, but the

" cilia " on the sheath are larger. The flowers are of the same size

as in the type.

Amongst shrubs near Komgha, H. G. Flanagan (no. 132G), Nov.

1892, alt. 1500'.

I am indebted to Mr. H. G. Flanagan, F.L.S., for the loan of

this specimen.

3() (318). A. striatala, Haw. — I owe a live specimen of this

plant to Mr. E. E. Galpin, F.L.S., who found it on mountain

summits, near Queenstown. (Alt. 4300'— 4900'— no. 2620). It

flowers in November.

Dr. P. MacOwan, F.L.S., agrees with me that

38 (319). A. MacOivani, Bak. cannot be separated from A.

striatula, Haw.

The original plant from the Somerset P]ast District is still

growing in the Capetown Botanic Gardens.

47 (321). A. siiccotrina, Lam. This species is not known to

me, but if the published illustrations and descriptions are correct,

then at least 2 species have been mixed up under this name.

Leaving out Bot. Mag. t. 472, which is evidently a very Imd figure,

we find that in D.C Plantes Grasses, t. 85, the perianth is cylin-

drical, whereas in Salm-Dyck, Aloe sect, xxii, fig. 1, it is distinctly

constricted above the base, tha sterile bracts in the former are

ovate-oblong, mucronate, in the latter semi-amplexicaul lanceolate-

acute and with eroso-dentate margin, &c.

48 (322). A. piirpurascens, Haw.— I have identified with this

species a plant from False Bay which I received from Dr. H.

Becker, F.L. S., F.S.A., and this determination has been confirmed

by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S. It flowers in Grahamstown in July.

The perianth is slightly curved and somewhat constricted

towards the middle. The outer petals are united at the base, red

tipped with dark green, the inner quite free, very pale red, keeled

with same colour as outer and with bright green tips.

49 (322). A. arhurescens, Mill. — This species again is not

known to me for certain at present. Unfortunately there are

A/of. 43

again some discrepancies between De Candolle's {PL Grasses t.

38) and Salm-Dyck's (Aloe, sect, xxvi, fig. 3) figures which make

identification very difficult.

Until recently the following species : —

49a. a. natalensis, Wood et Evans (Report, Natal Botanic

Gardens 1900, Journ. of Bot. 1901, and Wood in " Natal Plants "

Plate 258) was taken for it by various South African Botanists,

and a dried specimen which I submitted to Mr, J, G. Baker, F.R.S.,

was doubtfully referred by him to it, but its cha>'acteristic mode

of copious branching makes it quite distinct, besides the shape of

the corolla is different from the published figures of Aloe

arhorescens, it being somewhat constricted above the base in A .

natalensis, whereas in the former it is decidedly cylindrical.

This plant is a favourite in Capetown and Grahamstown gardens,

where it flowers profusely in midwinter — Flanagan, no. 1790,

rocky slopes near Komgha, June '93, alt. 1000', belongs to this

species.

50 (522). A. pluridens, Haw. — This is another plant which

has frequently been taken for A. arhorescens. It grows in vari-

ous localities on stony ridges near Grahamstown, and flowers in

midwinter. My specimens agree with MacOwan no. 1825, in the

Cape Government Herbarium, and my determination has been

confirmed by Mr. J. G. Baker. With us, however, the perianth

is not quite cylindrical, but somewhat constricted above the

middle, further it is not yellowish-red, but the visible parts are

deep red, tipped with dirty green, the covered parts of the inner

petals being pale red. The outer petals are united at the base, the

inner are free. The prickles on the margins of the leaves are

white. The surfaces of the leaves, especially the lower ones, are

indistinctly striate. The stem is frequently branched from the

base, very rarely higher up.

A . 2iliiridens, Haw, rar. Beckeri, Schonl n. var. Leaves thinner

than in A. jduridens, more decidedly striate, the striae distinctly

raised, forming a series of low longitudinal ridges. The marginal

spines are a little further apart than in the type and a little

smaller. Stem, bracts, flowers, Ac, very much as in the type, but

inflorescence with fewer flowers and not so dense. Flowers in

midwinter. — This varietj^ was received by Dr. H. Becker, F.L.S.,

F.S.A., from Mauritius, but he has reason to believe that it was

taken thei'e originally from South Africa. With reference to a

44 Albany Museum Seeords.

dried specimen sent to Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., he writes : " Is not

this arborescens ?" but again its flowers are quite diff'erent from

the published figures of this species, besides the leaves are pale to

dark green, never glaucous and their prickles are not close-set.

51 (323). A. Sjieciosa, Bak. This species is common in the Addo

Bush. It is also found in the Kowie bush, near Alicedale, &c. It

flowers in August and September. In shape and general structure

of flower it is very close to A. ferox, with which it should be

united in one group. When in bud, the perianth is reddish-pink

with longitudinal greenish lines. When the flower opens, the

outer petals, which form a short tube, are wiiite with green lines,

the inner, which are free, are white with three green lines through

the centre.

54a. In the Kew Bulletin (1001, p. 135), Mr. Baker describes a

new species A. Galjrini, Bak. (Mountain sides, Queenstown,

Galpin, 2335), which he says is allied to 54 (324) A. platylepis,

Bak. I do not know either of these species, but a photograph of

living plants of A. Gcilpini, Bak., which I owe to Dr. R. Marloth,

looks very much like A. ferox ^ and Mr. E. E. Galpin, F.L.S.,

writes that he compared plants from Grahamstown (which are un-

doubtedly .4. /ey'o.r), and he cannot find any difference. A. Gal-

pim', Bak., should therefore be considered a synonym of A. ferox.

55 (324). A. fidgens, Todaro.— Mr. Alwin Berger of La Mor-

tola, Ventimiglio, Italy, informs me that this species is identical

with

57 (325) A. Sabn-Dyckiana, Scliult. fil., which I only know

from plants grown in the Capetown Botanic Garden. It flowers

in July.

59 (325). .4. dichotoma, L.f. — Fine specimens of this striking

species, the "Koekerboem" of Namaqualand, are growing in the

Capetown Municipal Garden. Flowers and leaves are represented

in the Herbarium of the Albany Museum by MacOwan and Bolus'

Herb. Norm., no. 800, which was collected in June, 1887, near

O'okiep at an altitude of 3000'.

60 (320). A. Bainesii, Dyer. — This species, the giant among

the Aloes, is frequently grown in Grahamstown gardens, where, in

some instances, it has, though a slow grower, attained magnificent

Aloe. 45

proportions. It does not seem to flower until it has reached a

considerable age, but afterwards it flowers every year. The type

is represented in the Herbarium of the Albany Museum by a

specimen from woods near Komgha, collected in Oct., 1892, by

Mr. H. G. Flanagan (no. 1329). With us and in Capetown the

type and the var. Barherae flower in June and July. To the

description in the Flora Capensis I have to add that, though the

outer petals form a tube which is about half the length of the

perianth, the inner are free. The peduncle is frequently

branched.

*('»1a. a. ScMi'clderi, Schihil. n. sp. Habit of growth not known ;

leaf-blade unspotted, falcate, olivaceous (in the dried specimen),

fuscous at the base, 20 cm. long, 35 cm. broad at the base, margin

with deltoid — cuspidate brown horny prickles about 2 mm. long ;

peduncle (as far as known) simple, short, with numerous sterile

membranous lanceolate cuspidate bracts, the lowest 2"2 cm. long,

getting gradually shorter higher up ; racemes dense, 13-10 cm.

long ; pedicels ascending about (i mm. long ; bracts lanceolate-

cuspidate about 18 mm. long ; perianth campanulate, contracted

near the base, tube c. 2 cm. long, lobes oblong c. 1*3 cm. long, petals

very light yellow (?) with 3 longitudinal dark veins in the centre,

inner with brown tips ; filaments and style flattened, anthers

brown ; stamens and style finally exserted about 1 cm.

Pella, Great Bushmanland, 16. I. *-M, Max Schlechter no. 133.

Described from 1 leaf and 2 inflorescences in' Herb. Albany

Museum.

1 thought at fii St this might be ^./o/m/CT, Bak. which I only

know from the description, but the campanulate flowers separate

it from this as fi'om all other described species. The long bracts

also distinguish it from .-I. falcaia.

02 (320). A.fcro.r, Mill.— This species is mentioned by Papjje

as occurring near Swellendani and grows in millions

in the Eastern Province of Cape Colony, going beyond

Cookhouse to the North and also as far as Qu^ens-

to^ji (see A. Galpini, Bak. oIa). To the East it goes

at least as fa;- as Na'.al. It flo^vers in midwinter and beautifies

the landscape at a tim ' when other flowers arc scarce. With this

wide distribution ii, is natural that wa s'.iould find numerous

slight variations from the type which sliow themselves chieliy in

the numbers anddistribution of the pri-cklesoii the leaves, and the

46 Albany Museum Records.

size and colour of the corolla. Thus the vay\ incurvata Bak. can

be produced by growing seedlings of the typical form in the shade,

the var. suhferox, Spreng, is met with near Grahamstown mixed

with the more prickly form. I have already stated my belief

(on page 44) that A. Galpini, Bak. must be referred to^ this^

and I think A. suj^raJaevis, Haw, must also be looked upon as

one of i+s varieties. Though the Flora Capensis states that the

leaves of A. supralacvis are ensiform, this statement is

scarcely borne out by Salm-Dyck's illustration {A loe, sect.

xxvii, fig. ()). The slight twist in the older leaves which make

them appear sub ensiform can also be noticed in ^. /erar, Mill.

There remains only the smaller size of the flowers which, how-

ever, can scarcely be looked upon as a specific distinction. The

flowers of ^./(^roa*, Mill, are near Grahamstown usually re-d, but

sometimes yellow and some received from Uitenhage were

cream-coloured.

63 (327). A. africana, Mill. — This species is not uncommon

near Grahamstown, and extends almost to the level of the sea

near Port Alfred. It flow^ers in midwinter. Though the flowers

are usually yellow, I have noticed some plants with red flower-

buds. The tube in our specimens is | the length of the perianth.

Though the leaves are usually as described in the Flora Ccq)ensis,

one frequently meets specimens which are very prickly both on the

face and the back, and this happens to be the case with most of the

specimens cultivated in Grahamstown, while amongst the cultivated

specimens ot A.fero.r, Mill, the leaves have usually only very few

prickles on the back and none on the face. This, however, is due

to selection and not to the effects of cultivation. I must express

my surprise that in the Flora Capensis, A . a/ricana is placed

between A.ferox and A. sujtralaevis. The latter, to say the least,

are very closely allied and have not the curved corolla of A.

africana. The key on p. 304 should therefore be slightly

amended. I may take this opportunity of stating, that in some

other places it is also somewhat misleading.

()5 (327). A. rupestris, Bak. — Fine specimens of this species

are growing in the Capetown Municipal Gardens. They are said

to have originally come from Namaqualand.

CG. (32<H). A. variegala., L. — This old favourite of Eui-opean

garilens is represented in the Herb, of the Albany Museum fj:om

{Sheldon, Cape Colony, where it is common. It seems to be

Aloe. 47

widely distributed in the Eastern Karroo. It flowers during the

greater part of the winter.

()8 (327). A. plicatilis, Mill. — This is represented in the

Herbarium of the Albany Museum by an incomplete inflorescence

collected by MacOiran (Nieuwekloof, Tulbagh, Oct. 18'H), c. 850',

no. 225'.), Herb. Austr. Afr. 1551.)

(7o he confinucd).

Explanation of Plate III.

Illustrating Dr. Schonland's paper " On some South African species of

Alve.^^ Fig 1 and '2a are from photographs, the others from drawings

by the author.

Fig ]. — A. micrnsiigma, Salni-Dyck, vai. About ^ natural size.

Fig 2a — A. Schoitlavdi. Bak ; about ,', natural size. 2i Subcarinate lip

of young leaf ; twice natural size. 2c. A portion of the margin of mi

old leaf ; natural size. 2d. Open flower ; natural size. 2e. Flower-

bud ; natural size.

Fig. 3. — .4. GriiJutini, Schonl. n. sp. a. Portion of the n);irgin of middle

pojntion of a leaf. b. Flower open. c Fluwer-bud. All natural

size.

46 Albany Museum Records.

On some new and some little-known species of South African

plants. — By Dr. S. SCHoSLAND, Hon. M.A. Oxon.

FciJla (sect. Ledehouria) liypoxidioid^fi, Schihil., n. sp. — Bulb

ovoid, tunicated, 3-4 cm. in diameter, tunics brown, membranous ;

leaves contemporaneous with the flowers, 4 — G in number, up to

11 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sheathing at the base ; sheath

glabrous, whitish inside, purplish outside ; lamina unspotted,

green, or faiHy spotted wiih darkgreen, covered on both

^urfacespnd along the margin with a dense indumentum

composed of soft white hairs ; 1 or two inflorescences

to each bulb ; peduncle glabrous, more or less curved, 5 — 12 cm.

long, pale green near the has?, blotched with dark red higher up,

with one or more longitudinal furrows, somewhat flattened on

one side ; raceme dense at first, later rather loose, 1 — 12 cm. long,

2 — 3 cm. wide ; bracts minute, lanceolate ; pedicels slender, spread-

ing, curved downwards, perianth in bud oblong, constricted above

the base ; petals in the open flower darkgreen with lighter margins,

lanceolate with cucullate apex, about o mm. long, of which a little

over ^ is upright, the remainder spreading ; stamens inserted a little

above the base of the petals, and a little shorter than these ; fila-

ments slightly flattened, subulate : anthers broadly oblong,

vevsatile : pollen pale yellow ; ova-y shoi-tly stipitate, minutely

liairy, subsemiglobose, deeply G lobed, lobes rounded at the back ;

style filamentous, dark violet : stigma 3-lobed ; capsule pale straw-

coloured, surrounded by the persistent petals, 3-(or more frequent-

ly) 2-merous, loculiciJal ; sj3ds 1 oi- 2 in each cell, reddish brown,

strongly wrinkled.

Grahamstown, Jan. 1903, Mit-s M. Daly and Miss M. Sole, no. 43o.

— This species was since i.fc first discovery, only a few months ago,

found l:»y Miss Daly ai.d Miss Sole in several places all round

Grahamstown. It grows amongst grass and also in rocky situa-

tions at an altitude of about 1700' — 23Ui)'. Its silky-haii-ed leaves

rjsemble thos'^ of some species of H!//io.r/s, which are very com-

mon here, and for this reasjii it had probably been hitherto over-

looked.

Neiv and little hioivn Plants. 49

Nerine Hattonii, Schonl. n. sp. — -Bulb ovoid, 4 cm. in diameter,

tunics pale bi'own ; leaves contemporaneous with the flowers, about

9, subdistichous, strap-shaped, thin, slightly channelled above,

minutely but closely ril:)bed, bright green, finally about 25 cm.

long, 1"5 cm. broad, apex rounded, obtuse ; peduncle green, about

15 cm. long, nearly 1 cm. broad, quite flat on one side, slightly

rounded on the opposite one : umbel 22-flowered ; spathe- valves

ovato-cuspidate, 3'5 cm. long ; bracts, from a deltoid base, setaceous,

twisted, c. 3 cm. long ; pedicels slightly flattened on one side,

straight except at the tip, c. 8 cm. long ; ovary sub-giobose-trigo-

nous, few-ovuled ; perianth 3.2 cm. long, cut down nearly to

the ovary, segments pale-pink, with dark red centre, oblanceolate,

slightly crisped ; stamens attached to the base of the perianth,

filaments red with a sm.all dorsal white appendage at the bas3

which projects slightly laterally, at first straight, later curved

upwards, anthers brown, pollen grey; style red,- following the

stam.ens in the upward bend when the pollen is shed : capsule ?

I ripened some steds l)y placing some cut flowers in water.

They were as large as peas, nearly globular with smooth surface.

They were surrounded by a thin membranous pericarp which is

not likely to have been normal.

Described from a specimen, which flowered in the Albany

Museum grounds, Feb. 1903. Bull) collected l)y Mrs. C. Hutton,

Sheldon, Cape Colony.

Dioscorfci Ji/so)ni\ SclK'hil. n. sp.— Stem slender, scrambling,

glabrous, laxly leafy throughout ; leaves glabrous, entire, petiolate,

alternate or sometimes opposite on the same branch ; petiole about

12 mm. long, slightly broadened at the base ; lamina in the upper

leaves about 2'5 cm. long, in the lower up to 7*5 cm. long, ovate

or ovatp-lanceolate, mucronate, but not cordate at the base, with 5

(or in the larger leaves 7) somewhat prominent longitudinal nerves

which do not anastomose as in D. Barchellii. Male flowers in

axillary subspicate panicles, which are about 2"5 cm. long some

distance from the apex of the flowering shoots and become depau-

perated above, otherwise almost as in D. Burchdlii.

Female flower and fruit unknown.

"Ad maigiiu's sylvarum montium Zuurl)erg, Gi-iqualand Oi-ien-

talis, alt. l.")0()'." Leg. W. Tyson, no. LS29, Dec, 188:5.

The above description was taken from some branches in the

Cape Government Herbarium which are about 50 cm. long. It

50 Albany Mu-seKiii Rccunl>i.

appears from these that the plant is not such an evident climber

as D. BtirclicJlii. A piece in the Herbarium of the Albany

Museum, communicated by Dr. MacO wan, F.L.S. is nearly straight.

Its lencfth is 23 cm.

Anacainp^cro^ papy racea , E. Mey. We owe to Dr. P. MacOwan

some of Zeylier's specimens, which were collected on the Gamkas

ris'er. It seems to be fairlj' common in the Western Karroo. I

have grown for about foi.r yeais some specimens from Nama-

qualand, which were sent to me by Mr. G. Alston. In cultivation

the stems frequently reach a length of 8 cm. (over 3 inches). All

my specimens differed by having somewhat broader stipules than

Zeyher's specimens ; they were broadly obovate instead of lingui-

form ; the leaves were reniform, green, almost flat on the

face, convex on the back, and about ^ the length of the

stipules ; the petals were pale green, not yellow ; the sepals

are also pale green. Whether these characters constitute specific

differences remains to be seen. I am inclined to think that the

length of the leaves, and the colour of the flowers as stated in the

Flora Capensis is due to a mistake owing to dry material having

been used for description. There are 10 stamens (apparently in one

whorl) which are attached to the base of the petals and to one

another. Filaments subulate, slightly broadened at the base.

Anthers oblong, sagittate at the base. Pollen large and not ])ro-

duced in great abundance. Ovary globose, green ; style and stig-

mata white ; style very short, broad, with 3 sub-lanceolate stigmata.

Placenta central, attached to the upper roof of the ovary, ovules

very numerous. Capsule and seeds very much the same as in

allied spicies.

It is stated in the Flora Capensis (II, p. 383) that the flowers

are included in the uppermost stipules. I have watched this plant

carefully now for some years, and I have never seen it leaving

these stipules which cover it up closely, so that any cross-fertilisa-

tion is impossible, but the petals also never open out. Yet fertile

seeds are produced in abundance. A. papyracca has, therefore,

cleistogamous flowers and, as far as I know, it is the only plant

which, hrsides the clcist(jgannjus, never produces open Jioivers.

After fertilisation, the peSSfe elongates slightly, so that at last the

capsule gets cjuite clear of the uppermost stipules, and

is able to shed its seeds. The stipuka which, when fully

developed, consist only of dead tissue, form an excellent pio-

Neic and litile known Plants. 51

tection of the leaves and stem against excessive transpiration. In

damp weather they open out slightlj'. Experiments to show

whether through them tlie plant can utilise the dew had negative

results.

A7iacam2)seros (Avonia) Alsfonii, Schoul. n. sp. Caudex napiform,

2-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad at the apex, almost tiat on the top ;

branches numerous, only from the upi er surface of the caudex,

up to 2 or 3 cm. long, nearly 2 mm. broad, leaves (and stipules)

in 5 orthosticha ; leaves closely imbricated, about 1 | mm. broad,

1 mm. high, convex on the back, rounded and sub-emarginate at

the apex, glabrous, smooth, green with a tinge of red, or intensely

red ; stipules scarious, scabrous on the margin, silvery white, closely

imbricated in the lower part of the branches, more laxly imbricated

towards the apex, deltoid, about 2 mm. long, about Ih mm. broad

at the base, apex blunt ; involucral scales 5-8, 10 mm. long, sub-

ovate, acuminate ; flowers single, terminal ; sepals broadly ovate,

boatshaped, ochraceous, nearly 1 cm. long ; petals broadly

obovate, white, about 15 mm. long; stamens numerous (GO or

more), filaments slender, white, 10-12 mm. long ; anthers oldong,

pollen yellow ; ovary globose, 2 mm. long and broad, style

slender, about 10 mm. long, stigma sub-globose, 3-parted, ovules

numerous, placentation central ; capsule about 7 mm. long, outer

coat splitting into 6 lobes from the bas: as far as the middle,

these lobes are again shortly bifid and become detached at their

bas3, the inner portion, consisting of 6 fibrous oblong lobes and

and a fil)re between each 2 lobes, remiins and allows the seeds

gradually to escape ; seeds minute, numerous, yellowish-brown,

subclaviform.

Described from living specimens which were contributed

about 1 years ago by Mr. G. Alston, and collected by him at

Hondeklip Bay, Namaqualand. It flowers in Grahamstown in

Januarj'.

.4. Alstonii is evidently closely allied to A. quinaria, E. Mey. —

This latter species has, however, a much divided caudex. broad

ovate stipules and purple flowers, which are only about three lines

long.

In A. Ali^toniiy as in all other species of Anncampseros, the

flowers are very fugaceous. They open for a couple of hours

some sunny afternoon and never open again. ThoSii belonging to

one caudex may open all together or a few may open at a time. In

some instances, which were specially watched, no insect-fertilisatiuu

52 AJhanij Museum Rvvonh.

could have taken ])lace, and yet capsules and seeds were produced.

Self-fertiliaatUm is therefore possible, as in all other species of

AnaccDnpscros, and is, I think, th" rule in all of them, even in the

species with showy flowers. Accurate observations in their native

habitats are, however, very desirable. As far as my observations

go, the beautiful show-apparatus of the flower in this and other

species is solely used by the plant to press the anthers against the

stigma when the flower closes again. It takes over G weeks from

the time the flower has opened, until the capsule is ready to shed

the ripe seeds. Just before this takes place, the upper internodes

of the flowering branches elongate to quite twice their original size or

even more, the stipules and involucral leaves become patent, in-

stead of being closely appressed.

A fifth species of Anacampseros belonging to the section

A von i a was sent to me by Mr, G. Alston some years

ago, but it has never flowered yet. Its leaves and

stipules are multifarious. Its caudex is branched after the manner

of A. ustulata. The leaves are imbricated, green, semicircular

in outline, convex on the back, flat on the face, about 2 mm. broad,

1mm. high, the stipules are lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, hot

imbricate, curved outwards in the upper portion, scarious with a

broad, median, pale yellowish-green line.

As these characters distinguish it from all other known species

of Anacam2)seros, I venture to give it a specific name and ca 1 it

Anaccunpsercs (AvoniaJ recur vata, Schonl. n. sp.

Anacainpseros ustulata, E. Mey. (Flora Capensis, II, p, 383). —

This species appeals to be fairly common on the m.ountains of the

Eastern Karroo^ and extends towards the East to the Stormberg

range, whence I received live specimens from Mr. T. R. Sim, F.L.S.,

who also sent it from the neighbourhood of Naauwpoort. I find

that the flowers are somewhat lai-ger than the involucre, not equal-

ling it, as stated in the Flora Capensis ; the petals are white,

obovate, slightly rccu ved at the apex. There are eight stamens,

0 alternating with the petals, and 3 belonging to an epipetalous

incomplete who/l ; the filaments are subulate, the anthers oblong.

The stamens are all placed with the petals on a disc, which sur-

rounds a dei)ression in which the ovary is sunk to about half its

length. The ovary is nearly globose, the style cylindrical, the

stigma 3-branched. The })laceiitation, is free-central (without any

counection with the wall of the ovarv above. This observation

Neu- and Utile kiimni Pldiifx. 5'i

raquires, however, to be checked), the ovules are fairly

numerous. The capsule is very much the same as in other species

of A nic(nnpsc)-os, the seeds are obli!]uely subclavate. The flowers

opei-i for a few hours (in April and May) and never open again.

They are self-fertile and produce abundant ripe seeds. In the

seedling the two cotyledons are subsemiglobose, and dark reddish-

brown in colour. The caudex takes its origin in the first place

from the hypocofyle. The two first leaves are opposite, but already

the next ones begin to form a f spiivd The stipules are found al-

ready in the very first leaves after the cotyledons. They arise

from the primordia of the leaves en their inner faces at a very

early stage. In a case which I particularly studied, the stipule of

the 5th leaf ^as just visible from abave, whan th3 prim3rdium of

the lOfch leaf had just appeai-eJ. Thsy a:-3 abju' ^ the thickness

of the leaves and have at firsi the s.ime breadth, but they very

quickly increase in breadth.

A nacanipseros Ji/aiiientosa, Sims. — I have had this species from

Sheldon (Mrs. C. Hutton, no. •496) and from Barkly West

(W. G. Bennie no. G71). In tracing the development of the

so-called stipules in this species, I found that they arise from

the base of the primordia of the leaves on their inner sides as

small protuberances on which at an early stage trichomes are

developed.

The number of stamens is usually about 15. The seeds are

obliquely club-shaped, as in all other species of Anacanijjseros.

The outer portion of the pericarp becomes detached in the form

of a conical cap which is split below into G parts, rounded at

the base.

Anacampseros arachnuides, Sims. — I have seen live specimens

of this species from Namaqualand and the Fish River Randt. It

is, as will be seen from the Flora Capensis (II, p. 3(SJ:), a rather

variable plant. I find that the number of stamens is usually 27.

The ovary is rather more elongated than in the other species of

Anacampseros which I have mentioned, and this is also the case

with the stigmatic lobes. The placentation is central, the placenta

being distinctly connected with the ovary above. The capsule and

seeds are very much the same as in A./ilamentosa, but in the latter

the seeds are covered all over with shallow rounded protrubeiances,

while in .4. arachnoidrs these are decidly semi-globose. This may

have given rise to the statement in the Flora Capensis and else-

where that the seed are winged, which is not the case.

54 Allninfl JlnscKfit i?rf'o/v/.s.

Anacanips-rros laniffrnt, Bni-ch. is represented in the Herbarium

of the Albany Museum by some specimens collected by Dr.

MacOwan amongst rocks of the mountains near Pakhuis, Clan-

will iam district, October 1897, alt. c. 2000', Herb. Aust. Afric.

no. 1807.

Crassiila nit.da, Schonl. n. sp. A richly branched glabrous

shrub, sometimes S-H m, high ; stem greyish, fleshy, subterete,

annulate, up to 10 cm. thick below ; leaf-bearing branches about

8 mm. thick, internodes about 10 mm. long, getting gradually

smaller towards the apex ; young leaves subconnate, but separated

later on, obovate-spathulate, subacute, sometimes mucronulate,

shining green ("varnished"), sparsely punctate in the upper half

near the margin which is there of a reddish colour, slightly con-

cave on the back, slightly convex on the face, about 1 cm. long

and 2 cm, broad ; flowers in terminal, shortly pedunculate, sub-

corymbose, multiflowered cymes ; calyx-lobes deltoid, 1-5 mm.

long and about as broad at the base, rounded on the back and

separated by rounded interspaces ; petals white (or rarely faintly

rose-coloured), c. 7 mm. long, spreading, slightly connate at base,

lanceolate, dorsally behind the apex mucronate : stamens nearly

the size of the petals, filaments filiform, white, anthers ovate, rose-

coloured; carpels white, nearly the length of the stamens, style fili-

form, slightly shorter than the obliquely ovate ovaries, squamae very

small, whitish at the base rose-coloured towards the apex, slightly

emarginate on the top and rounded at the corners, nearly four

times broader than high.

This is the common arborescent Crassida near Grahamstown,

where it grows (especially towards the Fish River), in dry rocky

situations at an altitude of from 13O0'-27()0'. It flowers in winter

from May onwards.

I have myself hitherto looked upon this plant as C. portdlacea,

Lam., but it is, I think, sufficiently distinct. In any case if we

place it with Cr. portulacea we must on even better grounds unite

Gr. Cotyledon, L. ( = Cr. arhorescens, Willd.) with the latter, and

few Botanists would agree that this should be done. The follow-

ing key gives the most striking differences by which they may be

separated from one another.

A. Flowers usually pale red, petals about 10 mm. long.

1. Leaves broadly obovate, glaucous, copiously and con-

spicuously punctate above, usually about 6-5 cm. long.

C. Cotelydon, L,

I^cw and liftJe hnoirn l*Iantx. 55

2. Leaves pale-green shining or glancons, oblicinely obovato,

sparsely punctate above, compai'ativel^y narrower than

in the preceding species, about 55 cm. hmg.

C. 2V)rtulacea, Lam.

B. Flowers usually white, petals about 7 mm. long, young leaves

green, shining, very sparsely punctate within the margin?

3-5-4: cm. long. C. nit/da, Schonl.

Cr. Cotyledon, L., though cultivated in Europe as far back as 1^ j^

17;V.) {vide Bot. Mag. t. 3S4), is unknown in its wild state. At aU_<>i^

events it seems doubtful whether E. & Z. no. 1875 from Uitenhage^-c*--

can be referred to it. The plant figured by De CandoUe (Pl.!^'^.

Grasses t. 71') seems also to be unknown wild, but is probably^b ^^^^

derived from a glaucous-leaved form which I received some time?-

ago from the neighbourhood of Kingwilliamstown, and to which'^

Galpin no. L')33 from mountain-tops near Queenstown (alt. 4( )()()') I

is also to 1)6 referred. A plant from Graaff Reinet (Rattray no. d^'^ ^

belongs evidently to our Cr. n'tida.

CraftsuJa aJbanensi!^, Schonl. n. sp. Herbaceous, perennial, about

15 cm. high, stem simple : leaves radical, subrosulate, spreading,

lanceolate, .subacute, 3-(j cm. long, papillose on back and face, mai--

gin cartilagineo-ciliate towards the base, papillose higher up ;

peduncle simple or branched, pale green, papillose, bearing 4-8

pairs of bracts which resemble the foliage leaves but are much

smaller and somewhat bi*oader and bearing in their axils capitato-

fasciculate sessile cymules which are as a rule shorter than the

bracts ; calyx nearly 2-5 mm. long, lobes broadly lanceolate, 1^

mm. long, papillose on back and margin ; petals connivent, con-

nate at the base, oblong, concave, dorsally below the apex with a

globose "mucro," creamy white, 3 mm. long ;'< stamens attached to

the corolla-tube, about the size of the petals, filaments subulate,

anthers ovate ; carpels about ^ the length of the petals, ovary

obliquely ovate, stigma subsessile, squamae small, orange-coloured,

transversely oblong, emarginate above.

Common on the Gi-ahamstown flats, especially among coai se

grass, alt. c. 1900'. Flowers in October. S. Schonland, no. (IK);

Miss M. Daly and Miss M, Sole, no. 335.

Pei'haps even more than Cr. Tnrrifa, Thunb., this species ap-

proaches the subgenus Olohulea very closely, and the structure

of the flower in this and some allied species gives us a clue how

the peculiar, permanently closed flowers of GlohuJea (see Schon-

56 Albany Mmcmn Reccmh.

land in Trans. S. A Phil. Soc, vol. IX, ]). .*i3) have been evolved.

It is worthy of note that in Cr. cori/Dihulo.'ia, Link, which also

comes very close to Or. Tiirrita, Thunb., the flowers are quite

open, the petals being recurved,

Crassuhi Hudulom, Schunl. n. sp. Herbaceous, perennial,

35-40 cm. high, stem covered with a short dense fulvous indu-

ment, upright, only branched from the l^ase, with only a few

radical leaves and 8 or 9 stem leaves which are followed by 30 or

more bracts bearing capitate cymules in their axils ; leaves sessile,

lowest about 4 cm. long, obovate-spathulate, subacute, subgla-

brous, margin cartilagineo-ciliate, higher \ip the leaves are ovate-acute

and pass gradually into the bracts which are broadly ovate-acute and

scabrid on the back with a ciliate margin ; the lowest bracts about

1 cm. long, exceed the cymules in length, but they get gradually

smaller and about midway in the floral region the cymules begin

to exceed them in length ; internodes getting very gradually

smaller (lowest 1-5 cm. long, lowest in the floral region c. 1 cm.)

until near the apex the cymules touch one another ; calyx nearly

2-5 mm. long, lobes c. 1-5 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, acute, dor-

sally papillose, irregularly ciliolate on the maigin ; petals upi-ight,

ovate, connate at the base, white, 3 mm. long, with a small cylin-

drical "mucro" dorsally below the apex : stamens attached to the

corolla-tube, nearly as long as the petals, filaments subulate,

anthers ovate ; carpels about f the length of the petals, ovary

obliquely ovate, style distinct though short, squamae small,

cuneate, subtruncate above, membranous, deep orange-coloured.

Warrenton, Miss C. Adams, no. 28, Apr. 1902.

This species comes v^ry close to Cr. Tiirrita, Thunb.

Neic and little kiwivn Plants.

57

The following table

Turrita, Thunb.

Or. Tvrrita. Thunb.

Leaves glabrous, car-

tilagineo-ciliate.

Stem and peduncle

glabrous orsubgla-

brous.

Thyrsus normally un-

branched.

Calyx-lobes glabrous

Stigma subsessile.

Squamae cuneate,

more or less deeply

emarginate above.

will show the relations between Crnssula

and the two species just described :

Cr. albanensis, Schonl.

Leaves ciUate only in

lower part, other-

wise papillose all

over

Stem and pediincle

papillose.

Thyrsus frequently

branched.

Calyx-lobes papillose

on bac < and margin.

Stigma subsessile.

Squamae transversely

oblong, emarginate

above.

Cr. nodulosa, Schonl.

Leaves subglabrous,

ciliate.

Stem and peduncle

covered with dense

lulvous pubescence.

Thyrsus unbrauched.

Calyx-lobes papillose

on the back, ciliate

on the margin.

Style small but dis-

tinctly developed.

Squamae uuneate, sub-

truncate.

Crassiila quadra ngularh., Schonl. n. sp. Herbaceous, perennial;

stem very short, richly branched from the base only, with 5 or G

pairs of foliage leaves forming a dense rosette which if= sharply

four angled ; leaves connate, 10 mm. long below, getting gradually

smaller upwards, green, punctate above, sharply folded lengthwise,

broadly ovate acuminate, glabrous on back and face, retrorsely carti-

lagineo-ciliate on the margins; inflorescence terminal, few-flowered,

subcapitate, pedunculate ; peduncle red, 2'5-3 cm. long, with 3 pairs

of ovate, blunt, ciliate, sterile bracts which are 2-3 mm. long; flowers

shortly pedicillate with oblong ciliate bracteoles ; sepals almost

free, c. 1"5 mm. long, lanceolate, subcarinate, ciliate on the back

and margin ; corolla campanulate, petals white, nearly free,

c. 2'5 mm. long, oblong, dorsally with a short cylindrical mucro

below the apex, spreading and recurved in the upper portion ;

stamens about the size of the calyx, filaments subulate, anthers

ovate ; carpels about f the length of the stamens, ovary obliquely

ovate, style very short but distinct, squamae obcordate-spathulate,

about ^ the length of the ovary, slightly folded lengthwise, yellow.

Laingsburg, July 1902, Dr. R. Marloth, no. 2512. Flowered in

Grahamstown, Oct., 11K)2.

This species should be placed in the sect. Rostilarcs, the charac-

ter of which will have to l)e somewhat modified. It is evidently

58 Alhcnuj Museum Records.

allied to Cr. orhicidaris, from which, however, it is distinguished

by its broadly ovate, acuminate, folded leaves and many other

characters.

Crassula (Bulliarda') limosn, Schonl. n, sp.- Small, much

branched, glabrous annual, only a few cm. high ; stem and

branches filiform, frequently rooting at the nodes : lower inter-

nodes 5-8 mm. long, upper much shortened ; leaves ovate or obovate,

lower distinctly, though shortly, petiolate, upper almost sessile ;

lamina 1^-3 mm. long ; flowei-s single, terminal ; pedicels slen-

der, about twice the length of the leaves : calyx-lobes narrow,

obovate with wide rounded interspaces, about l^mm. long ; petals

pale pink, smaller than the sepals, broadly ovate, connate at the

base : stamens not much more than half the length of the petals,

filaments subulate, anthers ovate ; ovary several-ovuled, style

short, subulate; squamae broadly flabelliform, rounded above.

In mud : water-pans, summit of Andriesberg, alt. 0700', E. E,

Galpin, no. 1922, Dec. 1st, li»01.

This species is closely allied to Cr. cilpina, Endl. and Cr. peipil-

losa., Schonl. et Bale, fil. It can easily be distinguished from these

through its perfectly glabrous leaves and sepals and the shorter

petals. A plant from the same locality, collected Ap. 1895, was

distributed under the same number by Mr. Galpin. It is, how-

ever, not the same. It is either closely allied, or even identical

with Cr. {Bulliarda) Vaillantn, D.C.

Crassula {Pyramidella) iKichypliylla, Schonl. n. sp. Stem

suffruticose, simple, erect or decumbent, glabrous, efoliate l)elow

(when old), densely imbricated above, up to 18 cm. long ; leaves

connate, glaucous, very thick, ovate, very convex on the back,

nearly fiat above, late]-ally compressed towards the apex, glabrous

except the margin of the sheath which is ciliate, the lowest and

largest c. 3 cm. long, 1 cm. thick, very gradually becoming smaller

further up ; inflorescence cymose, densely capitate many flowered,

sessile or subsessile, involucrate; sepals connate, tul^e c. 2 mm long,

lobes c. 3 mm. long, nearly strapshaped, rounded above, with cili-

ate and hyaline margin ; petals cream-coloured, connate to

over \ of their length, tapering above into long lanceolate,

channelled points, about 12 mm. long : stamens attached to

corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform anthers oblong ; carpels

obliquely ovate, c. 4 mm. long, ciliate above on inside margin ;

Netc and little linoini Plants. 59

Btigma subsessile ; squamae c. 1^ mm. long, cnneate stipitate,

rounded above, thin, greenish-yellow.

Laingsburg, Dr. R. Marloth, no. 2514, VII., 02 : Matjesfontein,

Dr. P. MacOwan.

The shape of the leaves distinguishes this species sufficiently

from Cr. colunmaris, Thunb. The differences in floral structure,

though unmistakable, are slight.

Cotifh'don Bohtsii, Schonl. n. sp. Whole plant glabrous (except

the throat of the corolla) ; stem elongated, upright, leafy, 10-12

cm. long, upper internodes very short and leaves consequently

rosulate at tlie apex of the stem : leaves spathulate, rotundate or

pointed at the apex, sometimes considerablj' broadened at the

base, 2^-1 cm. long, •(S-2 cm. broad in the vipper portion : pedun-

cle terminal, simple, about 12 cm. long, pi-ovided with a few

minute acuminate sterile bracts, i^aceme simple, terminal, 5'5 cm.

long, bracts none or deciduous (?) ; flowers erecto-patent, pedicels

6-7 mm. long, tube of calyx very short, lobes ovato-acuminate

c. 3 mm. long, corolla sul)cylindrical,with five longitudinal furrows,

slightly constricted in the middle, tube c. t! mm. long lobes ovate,

submucronate, about as long as the tube ; anthers minutely apicu-

late. Squamae minute, broadly cuneate.

Bolus no. 8G18, '' juxta litus maris, Mossel Bay, infra 100' " 10th

Jan , 181)7.

This very distinct species belonging to the sect. " Spicatae '" is

only known from one flowering specimen and a leafy stem with only

a portion of the peduncle, both in the Herbarium of Dr. H.

Bolus, F.L.S. The flowers are not opened yet, and the above

description will therefore have to be supplemented when fully

developed flowers are known.

The elongated stem and the comparatively large corolla lobes

distinguish it from allied species. I only noticed lately that in

C. rhoniljifoJia, Haw, C. niainmilaris, L. and in C. maritlata, Salm-

Dyck the anthers are also minutely apiculate. This character

should 1)e looked for also in the other allied species.

Cdtyledoi JIarlothii, Scluinl. n. sp. A verj' distinct new

species of the section " Spicatae " with oblong leaves which are

almost or quite circular in transverse section.

60 Albany Museum Records.

Stem short, leafy, about 4 cm. high, ascending and branched

from the base, internodes 2-10 mm. long ; leaves scattered,

divergence ^, glaucous, oblong, obtuse, nearly circular in transverse

section and tapering at base (subpetiolate) : peduncle terminal,

simple, about K! cm. long, with about 6 very short sterile bracts

false spike terminal about o-G cm. long ; bracts lanceolate, c. 1*5

mm. long, strongly convex on the back; flowers sub-sessile, erecto-

patent : calyx green, 3 mm. long, lobes flat, broadly lanceolate

with rounded interspaces, a little over 1 mm. long,- corolla tubular,

tube slightly curved, about 12 mm. long, greenish with a tinge of

purple, upper part (about 2 mm.), plaited, refiexed, pale purple,

lobes very small, lanceolate : flowers proterandrous, stamens and

styles eventually slightly exserted and otherwise as in allied

species ; squamae pale green, fiat, broadly cuneate, emarginate

at apex, about 1 mm. long.

Laingsburg, Marloth no. 1520 (vii. '02). Flowered in Grahams-

town Feb. V,m.

This species comes close to C. hemipJmevica which, however,

has not the circular section of leaves and has larger corolla-lobes

which are not decidedly refiexed.

A list of South African species of Crassula described or re-

named during recent years.

Compiled by Dr. S. Schonland, Hon. M.A. Oxon.

(Those not represented in the Herb, of the Albany Museum are

marked by an asterisk).^

I. EUCRASSULA.

1. Latifoliae.

Cr. nit/(/(i, Schonl. (Records of the Alb. Mus. I, p. o4\

' For convenience sake, the species have, as far as possible, been arranged

under the sections of the genus as defined in the Flora Capeiisis, Vol.

II., although I am of opinion these cannot in several cases be kept up

in the form adopted by Harvey. The genera Hehiphytum and JUilliarda

have been sunk in Crassula under sect. Tillaea.

Crassula. 61

2. Glauctnae.

Cr. pallida, Bak. (Gard. Chronicle 1874, I. p, 78G).

* Cr. heterotricha, Schinz. (Beitr. sur Kenntniss der afrik.

Flora [Neue Folge] II. p. 203).

Both these species must, I think, be referred to Cr. jjerfoliata,

var. alhijlura, D.C. (PI. Grasses t. 13). The differences pointed out

by Baker hold good for some specimens, but they are scarcely

noticeable in Bolus no. 012, which Baker quotes as type-specimens

for his Or. pallida.

3. Perfilatae.

Cr. monticola,^.F.. Br. (in Gard. Chron. XVIII, 1882, p. 2(U).

It was described from Somerset East, but is fairly com-

mon in subcarroid places of the Midlands and Eastern

District and extends to the Hex River in the West.

Cr. rhonihoidea, N.E. Br. ( ) Matjesfontein, Dr.

P. MacOwan, F.L.S.

4. Subulares.

Cr. pallens, Schonl. et. Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1898, p.

361). Karreebergen, R. Schlechter, no. 8310.

Cr. MacOivaniana, 8ch6n\. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot, Oct.,

1898, p. 3G1)). Namaqualand, W. Scully, no. 191, and G.

Alston.

Cr. rudis, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1902, p.

283). Namaqualand, E. G. Alston.

Cr. griquaensis, Schonl. (Bull, de I'herb. Boissier, tome 5,

p. 860). Kokstad, Natal Gov. Herb. no. 5182.

Cr. dependens, Bolus (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., Vol. xviii, p.

391). Cave mt, Graaffreinet, Bolus, no. 658 and Queens-

town, E. E. Galpin, no. 2141.

Cr. tennifolia, Schonl. (Bull, de I'herb. Boissier, tome 5, p.

860). Ipolweni, J. M. Wood, nos. 4462 and 1840.

Clydesdale, Griqualand East, Tyson no. 2141.

Cr. jiarvisepala, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897,

p. 549). Barberton, E. E. Galpin no. 979 ; Lydenburg,J. H.

McLea, in Herb. Bolus no. 3025,

Cr. punctulata, Schonl. and Bak. fil. (Journ, of Bot., Oct.

1898, p. 362). At the mouth of the Klyn-river, R.

Schlechter, no. 10403.

62 Alhnn)/ Museum Becordx.

Cr. Harvey i, Britten et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., 1897, p.

479). This name was given by Messrs. Britten and

Baker to the plant quoted l)y Harvey as Cr. alpeHtriii

(Thunb ? ). Thunbergs plant belongs to the subgenus

Pyramidella,

Cr, laxa., Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897, p.

549). Widely distributed in the Eastern parts of Cape,

Colony.

Cr. Oalpiniu Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897,

p. 548). Summit of Andriesberg, near Queenstown,

E. E. Galpin, no. 2000. This species may be provision-

ally placed with the sect, ^ubulares. It will probably

form a section by itself when the time comes to re-

monograph the genus.

5. Marginales.

Or. sivaziensis, Schonl, (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897,

p. 548). Havelock concession, Swaziland, E. Saltmarsh,

no. 992.

* Cr. acinacifurmis, Schinz (Beitr. zur. Kenntniss der afrikar).

Flora, Neue Folge, II, 1894, p. 204) = Cr. nloides, N.E.

Br. (Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 161). Houtbosch, Eehmann,

no. 6375. : near Barberton, E. E. Galpin.

Cr. SuiUhi, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897, p.

550). Lower Albany, B. South ; Evelyn Valley near

Kingwilliamstown, T. R. Sim, no. 1271. This species

seems to be identical with the following of which I have

not seen any material.

+ Or. miicronata, Keissl. (Plantae Pentherianae, Pars 1, p. 38,

tig. 5 in Ann. K. K. Hof Museum 1900). Alicedale,

near Grahamstown, Penther no. 2333.

Cr. drake7isbergens'is, Schonl, (Bull, de I'herb. Boissier, tome

5, p. 861). Van Reenen, R. Schlechter, no. 6962.

Cr. ?iatalensis, Schonl. (Bull.de I'herb. Boissier, tome 5,

p. 861). Greytown, Natal, J. M. Wood, nos. 4637, 4337

■ and 4484.

Or. Flanagani, Schonl. ot Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct.

1898, p. 362). East London, H. G. Flanagan, no. 1272,

and Galpin, no. 3160.

Or. rtibescens, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct., 1898,

p. 363). Mont aux Sources, Basutoland, H. G. Flanagan,

no. 1834.

Crassula. 63

Squamulosae.

Cr. recti rva, N. E. Br. (Gard. Chron. ser. Ill, vol. VIII, p. iVA).

Zululand, Wood.

Cr. argi/rophylla, Diels (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1902, p. 200).

Johannesburg, D. F. Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, no. 6211 ;

Lydenburg district, F. Wilms, no. 527. This and the

following species are doubtfully referred to sect. Squa-

mulosae.

( r. pachystenwn, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct.

1.S9S, p. 367). Graaff Reinet, H. Bolus, no. 437, and

G. Rattray, no. 13 ; Windvogelberg, near Cathcart, T. R.

Sim : Mount Hope Farm. Upper Zwart Kei, E. E. Galpin,

no. 2G45.

Cr. Eniesfi, Schtinl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1902

p. 283). Queenstown, E. E. Galpin, no. 25G3.

Cr. Riidolji, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct., 1898,

p. 363). Brakdamm, Western Region, R. Schlechter,

no. 1118.

Cr. Bolusu, Hook, fih (Bot. Mag., Nov. 75, t. 6194). Cave-

mountain, Graaff Reinet, and Oudel^erg, Bolus, no. 423.

Recently found by Mr. T. R. Sim on mountains near

Cradock.

Cr. impresm, N. E. Br. (Gard. Chron. 1879, II, p. 328).

South Africa ? (without locality).

Cr. Cooperi, Regel (Gartenflora, 1874, vol. 23, p. '^'o, t. 786)=

Cr. MacOivani, Sond. Ms. — On mountains from Graaff

Reinet to Natal. I do not quote any numbers of this

species, as it passes gradually into the following one,

which can scarcely be regarded as anything but a variety

of Cr. Cooperi with scabrid leaves. — Cr. moniana,Th\inh.

should be compared with this species (see Britten and

Baker fil. in Journ. of Bot., 1897, p. 481).

Cr.c^urta, N. E. Br. (Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 144)=

Cr. Schlechteri, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. XXXI,

p. 551). Natal.

Cr mdifijlia. N. E Br. (Gard. Chron., Dec. 13th, 1902).

Sent to Kew from South Africa by Dr. P. MacOwan, F.L.S.

The last 5 species form with Cr. lanuginosa a natural group.

This is the only reason why they have for the present

been placed into sect. Spuamuhtsae which, moreover,

can scarcely be separated from sect. Marginales.

64 AUhiiuj Muf<(Uin Records.

7. Petiolares.

Cr. cyclojj/iylla, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. '98,

p. 363). Perie bush near Kingwilliamstown, Schonland

no. 847.

C/' latisj/athulata, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Jonrn. of Bqt.jOct. '1*8,

p. 364). Izingolweni, Natal, J. M. Wood, no. 3054. ,

Cr. nudticava, Lem. (Revue Horticole, 1862, p. <)7)=Cy.

quadrijida, Bak. (Saunders' Refug. Bot. t. 398).

In shaded places, woods between Grahamstown and Blaaviw-

krantz, Nov., loOO', MacOwan, no. 1911 ; Port Alfred, July, 0-50','

Schonland, no. 746 ; East London, June 20-r)()', Galpin, no. 1864 ; in

woods near Keimouth, July, 100', and rocky shady places near

Komgha, Oct., 2000', Flanagan, no. 161 ; Umhloti rocks, June, 1600',

Wood, no. 597 ; Inanda, June, Wood, no. 597b.

This species has normally tetramerous flowers. Wood 597b has,

however, pentamerous flowers. It is naturalised in many

Grahamstown gardens, in the immediate surroundings of which

it does not occur wild, and flowers there from July to November.

Even more so than Cr. cordata it forms broodbuds in the floral

region by means of which it rapidly spreads under favourable cir-

cumstances.

8. Thyrsoideab.

Cr. comjmcta, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot., xxxi, 1897, p.

550). Barberton, E. E. Galpin, no. 1092. This species

was originally placed by me under sect. Marginalex.

Cr. alhanensis, Schonl. (Rec. of the Alb. Mus. i, p. 55),

Grahamstown, Miss M. Daly and Miss M. Sole, no. 335,

Schonland, no. 616.

Cr. nodulosa, Schonl. (Rec. of the Alb. Mus. i, p. 56). War-

renton. Miss C. Adams, no. 2f>.

9. ROSULARES.

Cr. quadra ngulari:^, Schonl. (Rec. of the Alb. Mus. i, p. 57).

Laingsburg, Dr. R. Marloth, no. 2512.

10. Imbricatae.

Cr. tnese/Jihrianthoides, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of 'Bot.,

Aug., 1902, p. 284). Namaqualand, G. Alston.

Cr. cornnta, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1902, p.

285). Namaqualand, E. G. Alston,

Crassula. 65

Cr. drceptm, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Avig. 1902,

p. 285), Namaqualand, E. G. Alston.

Cr, elega)i>i, Schonl. et Bak. til. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. l'J02, p.

2(S6), Namaqualand, E G. Alston.

12. Glomeratae.

Cr. mitiutijUira., Schonl., et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug.

VM)2, p. 2(S8). Namaqualand, K. Schlechter, no. 114UG.

Cr. tirn(i2)(dicella(a, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug.

1!)02, p. 288) Arakap (Western Region), R. Schlechter,

no. 11247.

Cr. hirsuta, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1898,

p. 3G5). Mess Klip (Western Region), R. Schlechter, no,

11283.

Cr. ohJanceolata, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1898,

p. 365). Karreebergen, R. Schlechter, no. 8300.

* Cr. tenuis, Wolley Dod (Journ. of Bot., 1901, p. 392 \ Cape

Peninsula, Wolley Dod, no. 33(59, Wilms, no. 3252.

12a Tillaea.

Cr. Leipoldtii, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1902,

p. 288). Clan William, Leipoldt, no. 392.

Cr. nana, Schonl. et Bak. fil, (Journ. of Bot,, Oct, 1898, p.

372). Zuurfontein (Western Region), R. Schlechter, no,

85GO.

Cr. Lambert iana, Schonl, et Bak. fil. (Journ, of Bot,, Oct.

1898, p. 371). Lambert's Bay, R. Schlechter, no. 8559.

Cr. /ii)iu.sa, Schonl. (Rec. of the Albany Museum vol. I., p.

58). Andriesberg, E. E. Galpin, no. 1922.

Cj\ [xipilliisa, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1898, p.

371). Matroosberg, Dr, R. Marloth, ho. 1999,

Cr. / r>f///, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1898, p.

372). Vanrhynsdorp, R. Schlechter, ko. 10994.

Cr. apliylla., Schrml. et Bak. fil. (Joui n. of l^ot., Oct. 1898, p.

371). l)rontjesriver (Western Region), R. Schlechter

no. 8'JGl:.

13. FlLIPEDIiS.

Cr. Saniana, Scluuil. (Journ. Linn Sue, XXXI, 1<'^97, p. 552)

C=Ci\ (lasyplii/llii, lIai'v. = G'>'. a/ra/l/na, Tliunb.

66 Albany Muncum Records:

Cr. marifiiiia, Schonl. (Bull de Therb. Boissier, tome 5, 1897,

Tp. S(j2)= Cr e.rj) ansa, Ait. The plant which I formerly

took to be Cr. expansa is Ci\ filicmilis, E. Z., which is

perfectly distinct though Harvey has united the two.

Cr. teniiicaulis, Schonl. (Bull, de Therb. Boissier, tome 5, 1<S07,

p. 864), Van Reenen, R. Schlechter, no. GiHU.

C. involucrata, Schonl. (Bull, de I'herb. Boissier, tome 5, 1807,

p. 863). Insiswa Mt., R. Schlechter, no. 6US.

Cr. elongata, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xxxi, 1807,

p. 552). Queenstown, E. E. Galpin, no. 2021.

Cr. Woodii, Schonl. (Bull, de Therb. Boissier, tome 5, 1807,

p. 8()3). Kareekloof, J. M. Wood, no. 1185.

Cr. Tyson i, Schonl. (Journ. of Bot., Aug. 1002, p. 280). Kok-

stad, W. Tyson, no. 1312.

Cr.profusa, Hook. f. (Bot. Mag., t. 6011 )=Cr. margi-

nalis, (Soland.) in Ait. Hort. Kew., fide Ind. Kew.

11. Crenato-lobatae.

C>\ Marlothii, Schonl. (Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xxxi, 1807,

p. 553). Matroosberg, Dr. R. Marloth, no. 2202. This

species is closely allied to 6'r. dentaf.a, Thunb., and not

to sect. Tillaea as I was originally inclined to think.

Cr. confusa, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct. 1808,

p. 366). Koudeberg, R. Schlechter no. 8727. Live speci-

mens from Laingsburg, recently gathered by Dr. R.

Marloth, show that the stem, leaves, bracts, and calyx are

minutely papillose. The upper leaves are usually crenate.

15. TUBEROSAE.

Cr. Pro)notdorii, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot., Oct.

1808, p. 36(;). Table Mountain, Capt. Wolley Dod,

no. 1621.

Cj'. Iorifi)r))ii.s, Sclichil. et Bak. til. (Journ. of Bot , Aug. 1002,

p. 280). Kloof over Hex River Station, Capt. Wolley Dcd.

Cr. capensi.s, Baill. (Hist. PI. Ill, p. 312) = Cr. f^epta.^, Thunb.

fide Ind. Kew.

XL PRYAMIDELLA.

Cr. MassoHt, Britt. et Bak. fil. (Journ of Bot., Dec. 1807,

p. 185).= Cr mriuhiU.s, N. E. Br. (Kew. Bull, lOOl,

Cmamla. 67

u. 122) fide Bak. fil. I cannot find any tangible differ-

ence between this species and Cr. aJjiestris, Thunb.

Three specimens of tlie latter collected at Brontjes river

by R. Schlechter, (no. 8()(')3) in the Herb, of the Albany

Museum, have respectively capitate, corymbose and

thyrsoid inflorescences. I am further of opinion Uiat

Zeyher no GGO, which is represented in Herb Albany

Museum, and which Harvey described as Cr. iimJticeps

(Flora Capensis II, p. 359), should also be referred to

Cr. aljwstri's, Thunb (non Harv ). Zeyher's plants were

probably starvelings. Harvey overlooked that the leaves

are ci'iate, especially towards the base.

Cr. pachyijliylla, Schunl. (Rec. of the Albany Museum I.,

p. ^ ). Matjesfontein, Dr. MacOwan ; Laingsburg, Dr.

R. Marloth, no. 2151.

III. SPHAERITIS.

Cr. hi.s,.ida, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot , Oct. 1898, p.

l)l)S). Montagu, Bolus, no. (JTOJ:.

Cr. iiiuUiflora, Schonl. et Bak fil. (Journ. of Bot , Oct. 189.8, p.

3(;8) Montagu, Bolus no. G702.

'€7\N!:£^^w#if<,_§chaQl^,/JS.£c^.j»l~_tfee-A4b^ p7" ),

IS^aarttw^poortTTr^v-B^im ,-n.cu -1.

Cr l">(. -oitha, Sshonl. et Bak. fil. f Journ. of Bot , Oct. 1898, p.

',]{')[) J. Howhoek, R. Schlechter, no 7378.

Cr. s.aan.s, Schonl. et Bak. fil. (Journ of Bot., Oct. 1898

p. 3G9). BuUhoek (Western Region), R. Schlechter

no. 8382.

Cr. namaqaensii^, Schonl et Bak. fil. (Journ of Bot., Oct.

1898, p 3G7) Namaqualand, G. Alston and R. Schlech-

ter, no. 11210.

Cr.deripioty, N. E Br. (Gard. Chron, Jan. 19,)3;=6'y. mniia-

quc'iisis, Schonl et Bak fi'.

Cr an(>:)mJ(i,,^Ai6n\.eLBiik.m. (Journ. of Bot, Oct. 1898,

p. 370). Frenchhoek, R. Schlechter, no. 9317.

VI —GLOBULE A.

Cr. Jlalirdi/i, ScIkuiI. et llak. (il. (.lourn. of B >t., Aug. 1902,

[). 290). Graallrfintt, G. Rattray, no. 30.

68 Albavy Museum Records.

Cr. suhacaulis. Schoiil et Bak. fil. (Journ. of Bot, Oct. 1898,

p. 370). Steinkopp (Western Eegion), R. Schlechter, no.

11408.

Cr. turquala., Bak. (Saunders' Refngiuni Botanicum, iii, t.

154). A specimen fiom Kcmgha, H. G. Flanagan, no.

835, in the Herb, of the Alljany Museum must be referred

to this species which comes very close to Cr. ohvcillata, L.

JVC

Recoras of tbe . .

HIbanp D)u$euin.

VOL. I.

PART tl CONTAINING:

On two new EDtliiodont genera. By Prof. K. I^koom.

On a new species of Ondenodon. By Prof. II. Broom.

On some points in the anatomy of the Anamodout skull. By

Prof. R. Brooji.

On the Theriodonts in the Albany Museum. By Prof. K. Broom.

Notes on the mauns of Procolophon. By Prof. H. Broom.

The genus Albuca in the Herbarium of the Albany Museum. By

Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S.

Biography of the late Mrs. F. W. Barber, and a list of her

paintings in the Albany Museum, ^y \)y. S. Sch()NLano.

Three new species of South African Hymenoi)tera. By Mi*. P.

Cameron.

Some South African Glrasses in the Herbarium of tlic All)a(iy

Museum. By Prof. E. Hackel.

Some new and some little known species of South African

Plants. — IT. By Dr. S. Schonland.

PLATES IV and V.

Issued March 18th, 1904.

Price 2s. 6d.

Printed for the

COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM,

BY

JOSIAH SLATER, GRAHAMSTOWN, South Africa.

The "Records of the Albany Museum" will be issued at

irregular intervals, as matter for publication is available.

All communications with reference to them should be

addressed to

Dr. S. SCHONLAND,

Director of the Albany Museum,

Qrahamstown,

South Africa.

On two new Enduthioduiit i^X'neni ( ProdicijH(>(h>ii and OihsIIioi--

tenodon). — By R. Hroom, M.D., B. Sc, C.M.Z.S. N'ictoria

College, Stellenboscli.

Ill 187G Owen (lesci'il)<.Ml a poi-tiuu of the skull and iiiaiidiltle

oL' a large reptile resembling in many respects sonn^ of llu^ larger

species of Oudenod(j)i but differing in having a number of teeth

on the palate and the mandible. To the new form Owen gave the

name of Etulothiodon hathystonia, and regardeil it as forming the

type of a distinct family of the Anonwdontia — the "Enddlliiodoii-

ti'(y A few years later (187'.>) he described a new species Endo-

tltindon uniseries, differing from the first described species among

other things in having but a single row of teeth instead of two or

three rows as in the other. Seeley in 1(S95 described a new form

under the name of (Jri//)foci/n.()doti simus, somewhat resembling

Endotliioduti t(n/srrirs l)ut having sm.all canine teeth, ^^s early

as 1(SG(S Huxley had described another allied form as Pi-iatriodun

McKai/i, but its true affinities were only first recognised by Seeley

in l(Sljr), who rightly places it among the Endothiodonts. Ht;eley

has also suggested that EnduLliiudun uniseties ought to be made

the type of a new genus Esoterodo7i, and with this I thoroughly

agree.

These four genera are the only Endothiodont genera that have

as yet been described; and while it is generally recognised that

they form a distinct group by themselves, there is some difference

of opinion as lo where this groui) should be placed. Owen believed

that EtidolkiodiHi is closely related to Oaden()d()n^-iX\\>.\ Lydekki'r is

also of the opinion that the Emlotkiodontidm should be placed in

70 Albany Museum Records.

the same suborder as the Dicunodo)itid<i'. Seeley on the other

hand would place the Endothiodonts with the Theriodouts rather

than with the Dicynodonts.

Within the last two years I have been fortunate in discovering

the greater part of a skull of a large Endothiodoiit — })robably

Endutluodon hathystoma^ two fairly complete skulls belonging to

two species of a new genus, and a small skull of a second genus.

With one of the small skulls I found the greater part of the

anterior half of the skeleton. This additional evitience i)roves

that the Endothiodonts are exceedingly closely allied to the

Dicynodonts. In fact, it is doubtful if there is any character in

the skull apart from the presence of small teeth on the maxillaries

and dentaries by which they can be distinguished from the true

Dicynodonts.

PRODICYNODOX PEAR8T0NEXSIS, gen. nov. et. S^). nov.

The type of this new genus and species is unfortunately in a

very imperfect condition. It is the anterior half of a small skull

broken across through the orbits and very badly weathered. On

hasty examination it would appear to be the skull of a small

Dicynodon^ and such I considered it to be for some months after

I found it. It was only on examining it minutely with a view to

determining the species that I discovered behind the large canine

a number of small pointed teeth both in the upper and lower

jaws. Had the specimen not been badly weathered these teeth

would not have been seen, and the specimen would undoubtedly

have been referred to as a species of D/cyiiodon, with which it

agrees in other respects most closely.

Owing to the very weathe'-ed condition of the skull, it is

impossible to give a very satisfactory description of the bones. The

premaxillary is more developed than is usual in Dicynodon, and

is relatively broader and flatter. It extends on the upper surface

of the skull backwards between the nasals and the prefrontals,

and articulates with the frontals.

The nasals are comparatively small, and are widely separated

from each other by the premaxillaries.

Immediately behind the nasal is the prefrontal, a bone about

the same size as the nasal.

The frontals are long and narrow, but are considerably broader

Prodicynodon, 71

ill front than Ijeliind. The interorbital region is much narrower

tlian is usual in Anomodont skulls.

Each of the maxillaries is considerably weathered. Ou the

right side there is the remains of a moderate sized tusk which is

directed forwards and slightly downwards. IJehind the tusk the

maxillary shows a greater relative development than in Dicynodoii

and on the left side of the skull it is seen that this posterior j^art

of the bone bears a number of small simple molars. At least hve

teeth can be detected, and these are arranged in two rows. There

is no indication of any serrations on the teeth.

The palatines and pterygoids so far as preserved agree closely

with those bones in Dicynodnii.

Of the lower jaw only the front half is preserved. It is

in front deeper than in Dicynodon and much less compressed

laterally. The dentary has a very well developed ridge above tin;

lateral vacuity. The splenial is well developed and extends liaeU-

wards apparently as far as the dentary.

Fig 3 ;tud tig. 4, Plate IV , show side view and iii)iicr view uf tlitj truul

of the bkull of I'rodk-ijnudoii ptarstviicnsis ; very slightly eul irgfd.

Opisthoctenodox acjilis, gen. nov. et sp. nov.

The specimen which is made the type of this new genus and

species was found at Pearslon, not far from the spot wdiere the

ty])e of Prod icy )U)d(in was found. It consists of a fairh" complete

but crushed skull, with the folh)wing other recognisal)le remains :

— left clavicle, interclavicle, sternum, left humerus, radius and

ulna of both sides, fairly complete right carpus with a number of

plialanges and some cai'pal and phalangeal bones of the other

manus. A fairly complete pelvis with the greater part of l)nth

hind liniljs was found close to the front part of the skeleton, but

it is possible tliat the pelvis does not belong to the same individual.

The skull, as will be seen from the figure (fig. 1, pi. IV) is

strikingly like that of a small Oiidenodon, but the presence of a

series of teetli in the maxillary and dentary bones at once dis-

tinguislu^s it from the better known Anomodont. The front of

the l)eak tlitfeis from that in Oudenodon, in that it terminates in a

small, sharp, downwardly directed point. The frontal and pre-

frontal regions are similar to those in Oiidenodon^ but the parietal

region is relatively very much broader, being nearly twice as

72 Albany Mti.seum Reconh.

broad as the interorl)ital region. The jtarietal i-egion ina^y be

divided into three parts separatetl by two longitudinal i-idges — a

median part formed by the parietals and jireparietal, and pierced

by a large parietal foi'am.en, and two hireial portions formed by

the postorbitals ("postfrontals"). The occiput slopes forwards.

The stjuamosals are large bones, very similar to those in Oudeno-

doH. The maxillaries resemble considerably the maxillaries in

Oudenodon, but have a series of teeth in the posterior part. In

the type specimen the maxillary teeth are not shown, but in a

specimen of the same genus in the South African Museum the

maxillary teeth are well shown. The lower jaw is very much

broader and flatter than in any other Anomodont with which I

am acquainted. In each dentary is a sei'ies of teeth, tliere being

apparently five mature teeth with evidences of succeeding teeth

on the inner sides of some of them. In structure the,y agree

closely with the teeth of Pristerodoii 7nackai/i — the front being

smooth and the posterior edge forming a series of den.ticulations.

The molar teeth agree so closely with those of Pristerodon, that it

might readily be thought that the present species is a species of

Pristerodon. The type of Pristerodon described by Huxley is in

a very imperfect condition, and if only the tj-pe were known, I

should have referred the Pearston specimen to Pristerodon. In

the South African Museum there is a more perfect specimen of

Pristerodon collected many years ago by Mr. Mackay at East

London, and apparently from the same locality as the type. In

the Capetown specimen there is a well-developed canine which at

once distinguishes Pristerodon from the form under consideration.

In the London specimen, Dr. Smith Woodward informs me that

he is unable to find any trace of a canine ; but as the anterior i)arr

of the skull is very badly preserved in the type specimen, it is

possible that the canine is lost. On the present evidence I think

it better to conclude that I'risferodon had a well-developed canine,

and that the Pearston specimen represents an allied genus in

which the canine is wanting.

Among the Anomodonts we have quite a number of pairs of

genera, tusked and tuskless, and it is just possible as has been

suggested that the tusked are the males and the tuskless the

females. Thus we have Dici/nodon and Oudenodon, Cri/pto-

cynodon and Esoterodon, Pristerodon and Opisthoctenodon^ and

some specimens of Cistecephalus with tusks and others apparentlj-

without. A very strong argument against this view is foimd in

the fact that Lystrosaurus is always tusked. Though dozens of

Opisthoctenodon. 73

specimens have been found, no tuskless forms have yet been

discovered. Another argument against the view is that in the

Upper Karroo beds, though Diri/iiodoit is common, OudrnodDH. has

not yet been discovered, so far as I am aware.

A description of the bones of the ])ostcraniaI skeleton will be

published elsewhere in connection with a large series of other

Endothiodont remains. Here it may be well to state that the

clavicle is long and very mammal-like, the inter-clavicle a small

flat oval bone, and the sternum an irregular flat rounded bone

about twice the size of the interclavicle. The humerus, radius

and ulna are of the regular Anomodont type, but much more

feebly developed than in Oudenodon. The carpus agrees fairly

well with that of Oudenodon, but appears to have a prepoUex.

The phalanges are long and slender and the fil'tli digit appears to

be absent.

Fig 1, plate IV, shows upper view of the skull.

On a new Species of Oudeindon (O. t)-igonicepfi). — liy \\.

Broom, M.D., B. 8c„ C.M.Z.S., Victoria College, Stellenlx.seh.

In 1901 I communicated to the Zoological Society of London

a paper on the structure and affinities of Oudenodon, in which was

described the almost perfect skeleton of a small form. Owing to

the extremely weathered condition of the up})ei- surface of the

skull, it was impossible to decide with certainty to what species it

belonged, and I referred it doubtfully to (>. gi-acilis. The only

part of the skull in the small skeleton sufficiently well preserxcd

to be of service in determining the species, is the lower jaw, and

as unfortunately the lower jaw of 0. grdciIiH is unknown, it has

been impossible till recently to definitely settle the question.

Within the last year, however, I have discovei-ed two well-preser-

ved small Oudenodon skulls, both with the lower-jaws in position:

and while there is no doubt that both the new skulls belong to

the same species as the small skeleton, they are both quite distinct

from Oudenodoii gracilis. As the new form also difliers from the

other previously described species, I propose to call it Oiidcnodon

trigonicejjs. The better preserved of the two skulls wdiich I

74 Albany Museum Records.

take as the type, is probably the most perfect specimen of a

I'eptilian skull that has been found in S. Africa. It is slightly

distorted, the back somewhat crushed, and the lower jaw slightly

displaced, but otherwise every bone may be said to be almost

perfect.

The principal characteristics of the skull are the following : —

Tlie parietal region is comparatively- flat, and as broad as the

frontal : the occiput slopes for\\ards : and the dentary bone forms

a very prominent ridge above the fenestra of the jaw. The orl)its

look upwards and slightly outwards, and the frontal region is

slightly convex from before backwards, Init moderately flat from

side to side.

The larger of the two skulls, though less perfect than the one

chosen as the type, shows the snout in an uncrushed and almost

l)erfect condition. The premaxillary bone lis of fair size, and its

median process passes backwards some distance between the

nasals, but does not reach the frontals. Tlie nasals are much

longer than narrow, and on each at its outer side and a little

behind the nostril is a prominent I)ony ridge.

The sutures l)etween the maxillaries, lachrymals, prefrontals

and nasals are not distinct in either of the specimens. On the

maxillary bone there is a fairly well marked bony ridge passing

downwards and forwards to strengthen the caninifoi'm bony

process. Posteriorly the maxillary forms part of the suborbital

arch, overlapping the jugal and almost reaching to the anterior

part of the squamosal.

The frontals ai-e large, moderately flat bones. The sutiire

with the prefrontal is not distinct, but each frontal seems to form

about half of the ui)per bordei- of the orbit. There is a slight

supraorbital ridge, and a less distinct median ridge formed I)}- the

two frontals. Between the frontals posteriorly there passes the

narrow but fairly long pi-eparietal.

The postorbital arch is formed mainly by the postorbital

bone, which is supported behind by the upv/ard process of the

jugal. The jugal is of large size, but in front it is largely hidden

l)y the maxillary and behind by the squamosal. The postorlntal

besides forming the postorbital arch, forms almost the whole of

the inner border of the temporal fossa, the long posterior process

lying alongside the parietal and meeting the iinier part of the

squamosal. The parietals are of fair size.

Oudenodon. 75

The squamosal is as in Anomodonts generally of very large size.

The anterior part extends forward to the level of the posterior

angle of the orbit. The zygomatic portion is flattened, and lies in

a plane which is directed outwards and slightly upwards. The

lower portion of the squamosal is directed almost directly out-

wards. It gives support to a well-developed quadrate.

The occiput is considerably crushed, and the sutures are not

distinct.

The lower jaw is well preserved, and shows beautifulh' the

peculiar development of the angular, which gives the jaw as

marked an inflected angle, as is seen in Marsupials. A prominent

ridge runs along the dentary above the vacuity. Between the

angular and a ridge on the upper border of the surangulai' there

is a deep concavity such as has been figured by Seeley in Etida-

lliiodon.

An uppor view of the skull of natural size is given in figure 2, plate lY.

On some points in the anatomy of tlie Anomodont skidl. — By

R. Broom, M.D., B.Sc, C.M.Z.S., Victoria College, Stellen-

bosch.

I. — On the Cranio-facial Axir.

The first endeavour to explain the structure of the cranio-

facial axis in any Anomodont was that by Huxley (') in 1(S;")9. In

that year he described a skull of a new type of Dicynodont rcptih^

to which he gave the name Dicynodon murrayi (^^Lyf^troxdu ru>i

niurrayi), and was able by means of this specimen and by a h'ss

])erfect specimen which he had sectioned, to throw some light on

the internal structure of the skull. Unfoi-tunately Huxley com-

pletely misunderstood the nature of the bones witli which he was

dealing, so that his account of the structure of the cranio-facial

axis is quite misleading. What he considers to Ix' the i)resphen<)id

is really the vomer : while the structure which he descrilx'S at

considerable length as the "■ethmovomerine ])late oi- nasal septum"

is entirely a part of the premaxillary Ixme. It is therefore

7(> Alhony Museum RrcarHs.

unnecessary to criticise at length his views as to the " bird-like "

and lacertilian characters which he observes in the palate.

Seeley C-^) in 1889 gave a somewhat lengthy account of the

structure of the Dicynodont skull, hut addrd little to our

knowledge of the deeper structures.

In I'.XK) !(•■') gave an account of the Dicynodont ])alate, and

for the first time showed the real structure of the vomer, and its

relation to the premaxillary and si)henoid.

As the result of the examination of specimens in the Albany

^luseum, I am now able to give a complete account of the bones

of the b.asi-eranial axis, and of their relations to each other.

Fig. 0, plate IV represents a median section of a skull of

Lj/i^frosaurtis hitirostris. The parts mapped by a continuous

line are drawn from a single specimen : the parts marked by

(lotted lines are restored from two other specimens.

If the figure be compared with hg. 2 in my previous paper, it

will be seen that the premaxillary and vomer are very similar in

each, though the specimens belong to diiferent species. Behind

the vomer lies the basisphenoid. In my earlier paper I stated that

possibly the anterior part of this hone might be the presplienoid,

though I vvas unable to detect any suture between it and the part

wdiich is undoubtedly basisphenoid. In no specimen have I been

aide to tind any trace of a suture, so that it is probably advisable

to regard the wdij^le bone from the vomer to the basi-occipital as

the basi-sphenoid. In front, this bone is a thin osseous plate and

is clasped by the vomer along the wdiole of its anterior border.

Above, it articulates with the ethmoid. It gradually widens as it

passes backwards to articulate with ihe basi-occipital. On its

under side it gives an articulation to the pterygoids.

The ethmoid bone which lies between the upper end of the

basi-sphenoid and the frontal is a comparatively thin plate. The

anterior border pi'ojects considerably into the nasal region, wdiile

the posterior border is hollowed out above to accommodate the

anterior part of the brain probably, and below^ is notched probably

for the optic nerves. Betw^een the ethmoid and the nasal and

premaxillary bones there was in all probability a large nasal septal

cartilage.

The frontal bone on median section is seen to be unusually

thick at the part wdiere it is supported by the ethmoid. Immedi-

ately behind it, is seen the little preparietal bone. Between this

latter and the parietal is situated the large parietal or pineal

foramiMi.

Anomodont Skull- 77

Wliethei" the element behind the parietal is to be regarded as

the iuter-parietal or supra-occipital it is at present difficult to

decide.

It will be observed that in general structure the cranio-facial

axis of the Anomodont bears a much greater resemblance to that

of the mammal than to that of either the tortoises, the li/.ai'ds or

the birds.

II. — The Relations op the Juoal.

Though in all the Anomodonts the jugal may be said to

articulate with the maxilla in front and the squamosal behind,

and to form the lower border of the orbit, it differs in its relations

in diffei-ent members of the group so greatly that some account of

the conditions seems advisable.

In Oude/iodoti f/'igoiiiccps the jugal forms almost the whole

of the suborbital arch. On its outer and under side it is over-

lapped by the posterior part of the maxilla, which reaches to a

point a little beyond the level of the middle of the orbit. At the

posterior and inferior angle of the orbit the post-orbital (post-

frontal) meets the jugal so that the latter forms practically no part

of the posterior border of the orbit. The jugal, however, sends u})

a strong process along the posterior and inner side of the post-

orl)ital and thus forms the greater part of the lower half of the

])ost-orl)ital arch. Immediately below the point of articulation

of the lower end of the post-orbital lies the anterior end of the

zygomatic process of the squamosal on the outer side of the jugal,

but not articulating with the post-orbital. The posterior or

zygomatic portion of the jugal passes along below the squamosal

and forms the lower border of the anterior two-thirds of the

zygomatic arch. It forms the inner stirface of most of the anterior

lialf of the arch, Init only a very small part of the upper 1)order.

In Oudf'iKxioii t)'iiricahis the anterior part of the zygomatic

process of the squamosal is much better developed, and the

posterior part of the jugal less developed, so that the jugal forms

oidy about a third of the lower border of the zygomatic arch.

Otherwise the relations of the bones are pi-ecisely similai- to those

found in O. triyoniccp.s.

In Oudcnodon gracilis the suborbital arch is not very well

shown in the type ; but it appears that the maxillary does ii(<:

78 AWany Museum Records.

overlap the jngal quite so much as in the other species. The

scjnnmosal, on the other hand, certainly passes further forward,

and the jugal only forms about a quarter of the lower border of

the zygomatic arch. The specimen does not show satisfactorily

how much of the postorbital arch is formed by the jugal.

In Opisthoctenodoti the relations of the jugal and the

scjuamosal are almost exactly similar to those in Oudmodon

triguiiiceps -. the only difference being that the jugal has here a

less developed ascending postorbital process.

In Dicj/)}od(jn latifrons the jugal differs in its relations very

considerably from that in Oudenodon. When the skull is viewed

from the side, only two small parts of the jugal can be seen, the

one in the lower and anterior angle of the orbit, the other in the

lower and posterior angle. Elsewhere it is completely hidden by

the maxillary, the squamosal and the postorbital bones. The

scpiamosal passes forwai-d almost to a level with the front of the

orbit, and has a large articulation with the postorbital above and

with the maxillary below. The jugal is probably not very much

smaller than in Oudenodon truncatus. It forms most of the inner

side of the suborl)ital arch and sends a process up behind the post

orbital bone. It also forms the inner wall of the anterior part of

the zygomatic arch. The posterior part of the maxillary is of

large sixe, and forms almost the whole of the lower border of the

suborbital arch. In the restoration given by Seeley (-) of the side

view of the skull of Dicynodon the maxillary is showai as forming

a part of the zygomatic arch. In D. latifrons it does not reach

back quite as far as the posterior mai-gin of the orbit.

In a small Dicynodon skull about 3^ inches in length, and

probably lielonging to a new species, the relations of the bones are

practically similar to those seen in the smaller Oudenodons. The

anterior part of the scjuamosal, however, is here more strongly

developed.

In Lyslrosaarus the jugal is largely hidden by the maxillary

and the squamosal, almost exactly as in Dicynodon latifnms. It

forms the whole of the lower border of the orbit, sends up a

small delicate process behind the postorbital, and has a larger

posterior process l)elow and behind the squamosal. The anterior

part of the squamosal is well developed and extends forw\ard

almost to the level of the front of the orbit, and articulates witii

the maxillary.

It will be seen that in all the above types the structure of the

jugal varies very little, and that the diflEerent appearances pre-

Anomodont SJcull. 79

sented in the suborbital regions are due to the diflperent (h^grees of

development of the squamosal and maxillary l)ones.

III. — The Preparietal.

In all skulls of Lystrosmirus that are at all well preserved

there is seen immediately in front of the ])arietal foramen a

moderate sized median bone. It articulates with the paired fron-

tals in front, and tits in between the paired parietalsl)ehind. It was

apparently first noticed by Huxley, and in the British Museum

Catalogue, 1890, it is referred to by Lydekker as a " Wormian

bone." By Seeley it is referred to as the " Preparietal " bone. It

was prol)ably the absence of a median suture where this bone is

situated that misled Owen into the idea that the parietal is single.

The relations of the bone are best seen in Seeley 's (*) figure of the

upper side of the skull of Mochlorhhiiis platyreps { = Lystr(h

!^au nis ]j?atycej)s). Whether it is a wormian bone or an element

of deeper significance it is at present difficult to decide. I am not

aware that it has hitherto been found in any genera but Lysfro-

sa/iiri(s and Gci'donia, but recently I have discovered that it is

l)resent in })ractically all the Anomodont genera. In Oudmodon

trigonicops it is (]uite distinct and of fair size. It extends from

the parietal foramen as far forward as the level of the posterior

l)order of the orbits, and it is about half as broad as one of the

frontals. Though it is thus a much narrower bone than in Lystro-

^aiirus, it is relatively about as large, and it has exactly similar

relations to the frontals, parietals and parietal foramen. On look-

ing for it in other Anomodonts I found that a very small but

distinct preparietal occurs in Oudewdon gracilis. Here it might

almost be described as rudimentary. In Oudenodon truncatvs the

})i"eparietal is also distinct, and though relatively small it is by no

means rudimentary. In the Endothiodont genus Opisthoctenodon

there is also a fairly well developed preparietal lying in front of

the parietal foramen exactly as in Lystrosmirus. In Dicynodon^

owing to the post-orbital bones usually forming more or less

distinct crests, and rendering it difficult to satisfactoi'ily remove

the matrix from this region I have been unable to clearly demon-

sti'ate the presence of a preparietal. In one small skull, however,

in which only the cast of the hones of the parietal region remains,

the ap})earances strongly indicate the presence of a distinct

preparietal. In Gordonia there is a median element lying mainly

in front of the parietal foramen, and which doubtless cui'i"('si)onds

80 Albany Museum Records.

to the prepai'ietal of the S. Afi-ican forms. By Newton ("") it is

regarded as the interparietal.

It wonkl thvis appear that the preparietal occurs in the

majority of the Anomodont genera. It is unknown in the

Therio(U)nts, the Therocephalians or the Pareiasanrians, and wonkl

thns appear to be a new element that has arisen in the Anomodont.

Thongh in all probability it has originated as a woi'mian bone, its

occurrence in a number of very dissimilar genera, and its occa-

sional large development seem to entitle it to a distinctive name.

IV.— The Mandible.

Though a good many descriptions have been given of the

bones of the mandible, there are still a few points that are obscure.

As the result of the examination of specimens in the Albany

Museum. I can now, however, give pretty full details of the

structure of the mandible in Lystrosaurus ; while specimens in

my own collection reveal fully the structure of all the elements in

the lower jaw of Oudenodun.

In Lystrosaurus the mandible is composed of the usual five

elements. - dentary, angular, surangular, splenial and articular.

The dentai'ies of the two sides are firmly anchylosed, as in the

tortoise, antl form approximately the anterior halves of the jaws.

The splenials, if not anchylosed, are closely united to each other,

and form the lower part of the front of the beak ; and they add

considerably to the strength of the beak by forming a sort of axis

round which the dentaries ai*e formed. The surangular is a

moderate-sized element which forms the upper part of the posterior

half of the jaw. In front it articulates with the dentary al)ove the

large vacuity of the jaw, the surangular lying to the inside of the

dentary. Posteriorly it forms a large articulation with the articu-

lar, the surangular passing between the articular on the inside

and the angular on the outside. The large vacuity of the jaw

separates the anterior part of the surangular from the angulai-.

The angular is a fairly large element of a most irregular shape.

It sends a long slender process forward below the vacuity to

articulate with the dentary and the splenial. This anterior process

passes inside of the dentary and between the dentary and the

splenial. On passing backwards the angular forms a deep fan-like

expansion of which the lower part forms a well-developed process

which i)ass('S downwai'ds, backwards and slightly inwards. The

U|)pcr I ait of the fan like postei-ior part rests on the articular and

An<»no(lont SkuU. 81

on the snrangular. The articular is a much hirger element than

I was formerly inclined to believe. Besides forming the whole of

the large articulation, it forms a considei"ible i)art of the inner

side of the posterior third of the jaw. When the jaw is viewed

from the ottter side the greater part of the articular is hidden by

the surangular and angular : and the surangular not only hides

l)art of the anterior portion, hut by passing backwards and out-

wards against the articidar portion almost completely hides this

latter as well.

In OudenodtDi the sti-uctttre of the lower jaw is essentially

similar to that in Li/strosnurus. The dentarj^ is rather large and

forms more than half of the jaw. The angular is a hu-ge element

which is composed of an anterior process passing forward between

the dentary and the splenial, and a posterior greatly expanded

portion. This latter sends downwards and inwards a moderate

sized plate beloW' the general line of the lower border of the jaw,

and which recalls the inflected angle of the lower jaw of some

Marsupials. The tipper border of the angtilar passes consideraljly

outwards from, the general surface, and a deep fossa lies between

this ridge of the angular and an outerward passing ritlge formeil

by the suraiigul.r. This fossa apparently corresponds to that

described by Seeley (") in the jaw of Endothiodon. The surangu-

lar aiul articular agree fairly closely with those bones in Lijstro-

fidiinis. The splenials are distinct. They add greatly to the

symphysis, but do not press far backwards.

The lower jaw in the small Endothiodonts seems to be very

similar to that in Oudenodon.

References to Literature.

(1) T. H. Huxley, "On soiue Aiupbibian aud Reptilian Remains from

iSoutL Africa and Australia." Quart. Jouru. Geol. Sue, vol. xv.. lS,ji».

rl) H. G. Seeley, "On the Anoniodont Reptilia and their Allies." Phil.

Trans., 1889, B.

(3) R. Broom, " On the Structure of the Palate in Dieynodou and its

Allies." Tr. S. Af. Phil. Soc, 1900.

(4) H. <T. Seeley, "On the skull of Mochlorhinus platyceps, &o." Ann and

Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 1, 18^»8, p. 164.

(o) E. T. Newton. '"Some New Reptiles from the Elgin Sandstones." Phil.

Trans., vol. )S4B (189,3), p 4:J1.

(G) H. 0. Seeley, "Further Evidence of Endothiodon balliystoma (Owen),

&c." Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xlviii, p. 47t>.

82 Albany Museum Records.

Reference to Figure.

Fig. 5 Pltitu IV represents a median section of a skull uf Lystrosaurus

latirostris, slightly reduced.

B.O., Basioccipital ; B.S., Basisplienoid ; E.O., Exoccipital ; Eth.,

Ethmoid; F.M., Foramen magnum; Fr., Frontal; I.P., Intei'i»arietal ;

Na., Nasal; Pa, Parietal; P.F., Pineal foramen; Prex., Premaxillary ;

P.P., Preijarietal ; Pt , Pterygoid ; Vc, Vomer.

Oa tliu Therioiloiits in tlii' Albany Museum. \\\ K. IJROOM, M.D.,

&c.

Cynognathus Platycep.S, Seeley.

Bpecimen No. 1. — This is the almost perfect skull which forms

the type. The snout is broken off a little behind the canine teeth,

and the back part of the skull is slightly crushed, but otherwise

the skull may be said to be perfect. The si)ecimen is descril:>ed at

considerable length by Seeley (Phil. Trans. Vol. 180 B. 1895,

p. 132), and three illustrations are given. Though one or two of

Seeley's determinations are very doubtful, the description is on

the whole accurate. The illustrations, however, are very unsatis-

factory, and though the outlines are fairly correct, little or no

attempt is made to show the sutui-es which are mostly distinctly

shown on the specimen. The few sutures which are shown on the

figures are for the most part incorrectly placed. In figure 29 the

scjuanu^sal bone is shown as forming part of the posterior wall of

the orbit ; in tig. 28 the sut-ures of this region are shown in an

entirely different arrangement. It is those in figure 28 that are

fairly correct : those of fig. 29 being entirely wrong, the most

anterior part of the squamosal being 12 mm. behind the orl)it.

In figure 'M) there i.s no attempt made to indicate the dilterent

bones of the palatal region.

The specimen is of very great value for the light it throws on

the structure of th^ palate and the articular i-egions of the

Theriodont skull.

The pterygoids are well developed, forming a large part of

the concave hollow behind the posterior nares, and also forming

ui)parently the whole of the very large downwardly directed

pterygoid processes. I am unable to find any trace of the trans-

Theriodonts. 83

verse palatine bones referred to by Seeley. Trans])alatine or

ectopterygoid bones are well developed in the Tlieriocephalians,

and in most primitive reptiles, but I have not been able to find

any trace of them in any Anomodont or Theriodont. Owing to

crushing it is difficult to determine with certainty tlie structure

of the posterior pterygoid region and the sphenoidal region.

The small elongated bone which lies between tliebasi-occii)ital

and the quadrate is of great interest. It articulates by its inner

end with the l)asi-occipital and possibly also with the basi-sphenoid;

and by its outer end with the squamosal and apparently also with

the exoccipital and the quadrate. The little bone seems to be

hollowed out in the centre. Whatever be the determination of the

bone it is evidently homologous with the little hour-glass like bone

which occupies a similar situation in the Anomodonts. This bone

was originally believed by Seeley to he the " malleus," but in his

paper dealing with Cynognathus he expresses the opinion that

it is a " rudimentary straight cochlea." As the bone is solid in the

Anomodonts it cannot be a cochlea in these foi-ms. Though some

doubt still exists I am inclined to the opinion I have previouslv

given that the bone is a tympanic.

The squamosal has a short downward process almost on a line

with the little supposed tympanic, and along the fi-ont of this lies

the small quadrate, — apparently a small roller-like bone with a

convex articulation foj- the lower jaw. It has, however, an upward

[)rocess which hts into a groove on the back of the S(juamosal.

Tlie articcilar has a transverse articulation apparently of similar

length to that of the quadrate. The angular is well shown passing

backwards into a hollow in the dentary. The bone which lies on

the inside of the dentary in front of the pterygoid process I believe

to be the surangular. I cannot be certain of a distinct splenial.

Pres. by Dr. R. Kannemeyer, Wonderboom, Biirghersdorp.

Specimen No. 2. — This is the snout which Seeley has \nwW

tlie ty[)e of (?) Cynognathus leptorhinus, anddescriljed and ligured

(Phil. Trans. Vol. l.SO, B. 1895, p. UO). The circular hole in the

upper nasal region which Seeley is inclined to regard as a normal

depression for the lodgment of a gland seems to me to be entirely

due to crushing. The bones that are seen at the bottom of the

depression are douljtless the upper parts of the nasals displaced.

The suture between the two bones does not lie directly antero-

posteriously, but has been rotated about 30 degrees out of the

84 Albany Museum Records.

middle line, thus proving that tlu' part has been broken from its

original i)osition. All those portions of the snout which can be

compared with similar parts in the type of Cjaiognathus platyceps

agree so closely as to leave no doubt that not only does the snout

belong to Cynognathus, but to C. platyceps. The snout, however

belongs to a scarcely mature animal, hence the presence of the

two canines. The posterior of the two is the old one, and the

anterior the replacing. To the outer side of the 3rd incisor there

is the remains of the deciduous 3rd incisor.

The antero-posterior measurement of the four molars in front

of the last in spec. 2 is 31mm. In the type they measure 31.7 mm.

Pres. by Dr. R. Kannembyer, near Burghersdorp.

Cynognathus sp.

Specimen 3. — This is the very badly crushed and imiterfect

anterior part of the skull with lower jaws of a species of Cynog-

nathus Though the upper part of the snout is lost, almost the

whole of the dentition is preserved. The specimen resembles

considerably C. crateronotus, but is only about tw^o-thirds the size.

The anterior of the molars i-esemble those of C. Berryi, but the

posterior molars are very much larger. In Seeley's description of

the type of C. Berryi the measurements of the teeth are not given

with sutfici'Mit minuteness to enable one to make a satisfactory

comparison, and considering how inaccurate the figures of C.

platyceps ai-e, it is ditticult to know how far one can rely on the

figure of C. i^erryi. If the 8th and Dth teeth are correctly des-

cril)ed as small, then the present specimen must belong to a new

species. I think it advisable, however, not to name it till a com-

})arison with the type of C. Berryi is possible. The following ai-e

the prineii)al upiter tooth ni:'asurements : —

Height. Leiigtli.

Canine pr<ibalily about 2") mm. 10.;") mm.

1st molar 5 mm. )).") mm.

2nd molar .')."> mm. \ mnj.

3rd inolar

4th molar 7 mm.

•Ith molai' 8.;") mm. <S mm.

(Uh molar IKT) mm. 1*.2 nmi.

7th mohn- }ii-ol)ubly about 10..") nun. 10.2 mm.

(Sth molar ,, ,, ,, 11 mm.

Dth molar „ „ 11 mm. alxmt 1 I nun.

There are l».cusps on the ])ack of the 7tli and Sth mollis.

Bres. by Dr. Kannemeyer, Wonderltoom, llurghersdorp.

Theriodonts. 85

Specimen 4. — This is a small fragment of the skull of a

Cynognathus, not improbably belonging to the same individual as

the above jaws. It shows the posterior part of the right jugal and

squamosal l)ones and the articular region of the right mandible.

Portions of the dentary, angular, })robably surangular, and

the greater part of the articular are well preserved. The specimen

shows the posterior arch of the jaw in almost perfect preservation.

Pres. by Dr. R. Kannemeyer, Wonderboom, Burghersdorp.

GOMPHOGNATHU8 Kannemeybri, Seeley.

Specimen ;">. — This is the type specimen of (xomphognathus

Kannemeyeri described and figured b}' Seeley (Phil. Trans, vol.

l.St) B., 18'J.">, p. 4). It consists of the back half of the skull, broken

off through the orbits, the entire mandibles, and the upper four

cervical vertebra^. The figure which Seeley gives of the side view

is inaccurate and misleading, owing, among other things to the

fact that the whole of the angular bone has been apparently inad-

vertently omitted from the drawing.

The lower jaw, besides the almost perfect dentary, shows the

gretiter part of the articular, the whole of the outer side of the

aiigulai-, and the greater part of the flat bone which lies on the

inner side of the dentary near the point of union of the anterior

])art of the coronoid pi'ocess with the ramus, and which I believe

U) bt' the surangular, but which is regarded by Seeley as the

'•ct)ronoid." The splenial is not displayed.

The occiput is well displayed, and has been figured bj' me

(Proc. /jot)l. Soc, 1903, vol. 1). The sutures unfortunately cannot

be made out with certainty. The specimen also shows the squa-

mosals, jugals, and postorbitals (postfrontals) very satisfactorily,

and in a less satisfactory condition the })arietals and part of the

frontals. The sphenoidal and articular regions are fairly well

displayed.

The spi-cimeu shows most l)eautifu]ly (he structui-e of the

upper four cervical vertebrae including the proallas. These have

86 Albany Museum Records.

been figured hikI described hy ine(l'i-()e. Zool. Soc, 1903, vol. 1)

Pres, l)y Dr. R. KANNEMEYEii. Near Burgbersdor}).

Specimen (5. Consists of a series of 10 dorso-lumbar vertebrae

of the same individual as the skull (spec. 5). The j-ibs resemble

very closely those of Cynognathus crateronotus, but have the

broad flattened ribs relatively shorter. The vertel)rae are probably

the 10 immediately in front of the sacrum.

Pres. by Prof. H. G. Seeley, F.R.S. Near Burghersdorp.

TRIRACHODON KANNBMEYERI, Seeley.

Specimen 7. This is the type specimen of Trirachodon Kan-

nemeyeri described and figui-ed by Seeley (Phil. Trans., vol. ISGB,

1895). It is an almost perfect skull with the jaws in position, and

with the remains of the atlas and axis vertebrae. All the sutures

on the external surface of the skull are very distinct, but the

occiput is much crushed and impeifectly displayed. Both den-

taries are almost perfect, and on the inner side of the right is seen

a part of the delicate splenial. Both articulars and angulars are

also well shown. The quadrates are very small and svi})ported by

downward processes of the squamosal. From the inner corner of

this downward process there passes inwards a very delicate bony

bar. This is manifestly the homologue of the bone in Cynog-

nathus, which I believe to be the tympanic.

The axis, atlas, and proatlas I have figured and descril)ed else-

where (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. 1).

Pres. by Dr. R. Kannemeyer. Near Burghersdorp).

Specimen 8. The greater part of a skull with the lower jaws

attached. The snout has been broken off in front of the canints,

and the back part broken off through the parietal and sphenoidal

regions. Though this specimen difl'ers very greatly from the type

I have no hesitation in referring if to the same species — the

differences being due to the fact that the type is immature and

crushed, and this specimen m.ature and uncrushed.

Theriodonts. 87

The frontal region is pnicticall} Hat, as is also fhe ])osterior

nasal region. A small Ijut distinct parietal foramen is found al)ont

10 mm. Ijehind the plane of the postorhital arch.

The following are some of the principal measurenients : —

Between the orbits ... ... 24 mm.

Width of snout behind canines ... 22 mm.

Length from back of canine to back

of last molar... ... ... iJiS mm.

Length of last 5 molars ... ... l(S-,"> mm.

Pres. b3^ Dr. R. KannemeyeR. Wonderboom, Hurghersdor}).

Specimen 9. The imperfect middle portion of a skull, ai)i)ar-

ently of the tj^pe species. The skull has Ijeen broken across a little

behind the canines, and posteriorly through the middle of the

orbit. A portion of each mandible with a few imperfect teeth is

preserved.

Pres. by Dr. R. KA.NNENBYER. Wonderboom, Burghersdorp.

Specimen 10. A 1)adly weathered skull of the same species.

The Sfierimen has had the snout broken off behind the canines,

anil the mandibles have been almost com[)letely weathered away,

l)ut the posterior part is fairly complete, though largeh- unde-

veloped and with the temporal arches weathered away. The

specimen is of value in showing the structure of the jugal, which

is characterised by having a well-marked downward process. This

process is much less developed than in Gomphognathus, but

relatively more developed than in Cynognathus. It also throws

some light on the (juadrate region.

Pres. by Dr. R. KANNEMEYER. Wonderboom, Burghersdorp.

I

88 Albany Museum Records.

Note on the Manns of Procoloi)lion.— ]>y R. BROOM, M.D., &c.

In part 1, vol. 1, of the Records of the Albany Mnseum, page

19, I stated that "there are four phalanges in the 5th digit." This

is incorrect. A specimen of apparently a new species of Procolo-

plion has recently been acquired by the South African Museum,

and on being developed was found to present the almost perfect

left manus. The true digital formula was then seen to be 2, 3, 4,

5, 3, as in all other known Diapsosaurians. A re-examination of

the Albany Museum specimen also shows that the phalanx which

I believed to be the penultimate is really the terminal.

Prof. H. F. Osborn, in his recent paper on the Diapsosauria

(Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903), suggests that the carpal element

which I regarded as the radiale is really a centrale. The carpus

certainly has the appearance of having lost the radiale : but in

none of the three carpi which I have examined have I been al)le

to hnd a radiale in addition to the element which lies between

the 1st carpale and the element which is undoubtedly a centrale.

If I am wrong in regarding this element as tlie radiale, tlieu it

would seem that the radiale has been cartilaginous.

AJhvca, 89

The genus Alhura in the Herljurinm of the Albany Museum,

Grahamstown (with (lescriptions of 14 new species) by

J. G. Baker, F.R.8., h\te Keeper of the Herbarium,

Royal Gardens, Kew.

Subgenus Eualhuca.

A. aUissima, Dryand. Oatlands Park, Grahamstown, alt. c.

19t»0\ Miss M. Daly et Miss M. Hole, No. 317, Oct. 1902.

(In the specimen collected by Miss Daly and Miss Sole, the bulbs are in

pairs, each about 1 inch in diameter, the tunics are split into bristles

above, the peduncle is about 1 foot long, the raceme a few inches long,

the lowest pedicel is less tlian 1 inch long, none of the pedicels is

cernuous at the tip, the brsicts are ovate-lanceolate, the outer stamens

have small anthers which are polliniferous, the style is longer than the

ovary. — S. Schonland.)

A. minor, L. C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis, Kleenkobbis, in

collibus, alt. 800', R. Schlechter, No. 10,989, Aug. 1897 ; Vogel-

klipp in collibus, alt. 2,(500', R. Schlechter, No. 11,307, Sept. 1897 :

in arenosis ad cataractam Tulbaghensem, alt. 500', R. Schlechter,

No. 1,397, Sept. 1892.— Grahamstown, B. South, Nov. 1893 ; Miss

M. Daly et Miss M. Sole, No 353a, Oct. 1902.— Port Alfred, alt. c.

80', S. Schonland, No. 1,544, Sept. 1902.

A. minor, L. ? C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis, Kleenkobbis,

in collibus, alt. 800', R. Schlechter, No. 10,991 ?, Aug., 1897.

(In this specimen the outer tunics are split into fibres, and the lower

portion of the leaves is coarsely corrugate. — S. Sch.)

.4. Cooperi, Baker. Port Elizabeth, J. L. Drege, No. 72,

Aug. 1903.

A. trtchofjliylla. Baker. Gi-ahamstown, Miss M. Daly et Miss

M. Sole, No. 353, Oct. 1902.

A. hifulia, Bakei- n. sp. ibilbus giobosus, 1 poll, diam., tunicis

albis membranaceis. Folia 2 lanceolata suberecta plana glabra 3-4

90 Alhany Mus/>in)i Records.

poll, loiiga 4-5 lin. lata. Pedunciihis gracilis 4-5 poll, longus,

racemns biflorus, pedicellis brevibus, ascendentibiis, bracteis

ovatis. Perianthium campannlatnm 6-9 lin. longiim, segmentis

oblongis obtusis sordide hiteis late viridi carinatis. Htamina fer-

tilia 3, stylus bi-evis prismaticns.

Grahamstown. alt. 2,000 pedes, Miss M. Daly et Miss M. Sole,

No. BOG, Oct. 1902.

A. Dalyae, Baker, ii. sp. Rulbns ovoideiis \ poll, diam., setis

copiosis elongatis brnnneis coronatiis. Folia 2-H erecta glabra

angn!«te linearia tirmula (»-(S poll, longa ;] lin. lata. Pedunculns

gracilis semipedalis. Racemns laxiis })anciflorns, pedicellis erecto-

patentibns, inferioribns 15-1(S lin. longis, bracteis ovatis cnspidatis.

Perianthium campanulatum (j-8 lin. longiim, segmentis oblongis

obtusis albis late viridi-vittatis. Antherae aeternae minutae.

Stylus prismaticus ovario aequilongus.

Grahamstown, alt. 2,000 pedes, Miss M. Daly et Miss M. Sole,

Nos. 333, 503, Oct. 1902.

.4. Schoenlandi, Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus l(S-20 lin.

diam., tunicis brunneis membranaceis. Folia 5 suberecta plana

glabra margine ciliata, extei-iora oblonga obtusa 2 poll, longa 7-(S

lin. lata, interiora acuminata 4-5 poll, longa deorsum (S-9 lin. lata.

Pedunculus 2 poll, longus. Racemus corymbosus multiflorus 5-6

poll, longus, pedicellis erecto-patentibus, inferioribus 2-3 poll.

longis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis parvis membranaceis. Perian-

thium G lin. longum, segmentis lineari-oblongis .obtusis albis

brunneo carinatis. Stamina fertilia 3. Stylus lirevis prismaticus.

Grahamstown, alt. 2,000 pedes. Miss M. Daly et Miss M. Sole,

No. 347, Oct. 1902.

A. semipedalis^ Baker, n. sp. l^ulbus ovoideus 1 poll, diam.,

tunicis membranaceis pallidis. Folia 3 anguste linearia suberecta

glal)ra 2-3 poll, longa 1 lin. lata. Pedunculus gracilis glal)er 3-4

poilinaris. Racemus densus brevis G-<S-tiorus, pedicellis erecto-

patentibus inferioribus 6-9 lin. longis, bracteis ovatis. Perianthium

6 lin. longum, segmentis lineari-oblongis albis late brunneo vitta-

tis. Stamina fertilia 3. Stylus prismatic^is, ovario aequilongus.

0. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Kleenkobbis, in collibus, alt.

800 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 10,985, Aug. 1897.

A. acuminata. Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus 6-9 lin. diam.,

tunicis albis membranaceis. Folia 4-5 teretia erecta glabra 4-5

Alhvra. 91

poll, loiiga deorsum 1 lin. diam. Petlunculns gracilis 4-5 poll,

longus. Racemus laxus pauciflorus, pedicellis tortuosis inferiori-

bus 9-14 lin. longis, bracteis magnis ovatis acuminatis. Perian-

thinm 6 lin. longnm, segnientis acuminatis sordide luteis late

l)ruinieo carinatis. Stamina fertilia 3. Stylus lirevis prismaticus.

C. B. Spei, i-egio occidentalis : Vogelklipp, in collibus, alt. 2,600

pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,30<S, Sept. 1897.

Subgenus Falconera.

A. fastigiata, Dryand. Gri-ahamstown, alt. c. 2,000', Miss

M. Daly et Miss M. Sole, No. 318, Oct. 1902.

A. caiidata, Jacq. Grahamstown, alt. c. 2,000', Miss M. Daly

et Miss M. Sole, Nos. 247, 31t;, 490 (Sept., Oct. 1902); Dr.

H. Becker, Oct. 1900 ; S. Sclicinland, No. 558, Oct. 1898.

A. pachychlamys. Baker. Warrenton, alt. 3,900', Miss

C. Adams, No. i>^, Sept. 1902 ; Mt. slopes, Upper Moodies, Bar-

berton, alt. 4,500', E. E. Galpin, No. 630, Sept. 1889 ; Lower hill

slopes, Queenstown, alt. 3,500', E. E. Galpin, No. 1592, Oct. 1893.

A. Juimilis, Baker. C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Olifant

river, R. Schlechte}-, No. 5,022, Aug. 1894.

A. tortuosa, Baker. Brakkloof, near Grahamstown, Mrs.

G. White, Sept. 1897 ; Grahamstown, Miss M. Daly et Miss

M. Sole, No. 346, Oct. 1902.

A. setosa, Jacti. Grahamstown, Miss M. Daly et Miss M. Sole,

No. 334, Oct., 1902.

(In this specimen the margins of the leaves are minutely ciliate, the cilia

are white, the bracts are about an inch long, green tvith white mem-

branous edges. — S. Sch.)

A. spiralis, L.f. C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Olifant River,

alt. 500', R. Schlechter, No. 4,994, Aug. 1894; Brakdam, in

collibus, alt. 2,000', R. Schlechter, No. 11,137, Sept. 1897 ; Clan-

william, alt. 350', R. Schlechter, No. 8,414, Aug. 1896.

A. /ongifolia. Baker, n. sp. Bulbus verosimiliter magnus.

Folia ii-i") linearia glabra erecta basin pedunculi longe vaginantia

2-3 pedes longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Pedunculus validus 1^-2 pedalis.

Racemus laxus 8-10 poll, longus multifiorus, pedicellis erecto-

patentibus inferioribus 15-18 lin. longis, bracteis lanceolatia in-

ferioribus 12-15 lin. longis. Perianthium oblongum 1 poll.

92 AlJxinii Miificinn RcronJs.

loiii^niii, fft^ij'nii'ntis lineari-obloiiijis albis (vd i)alli(lissimt^ Inteis)

late viridi-cai'inalis. Antlici-nt" rci-tilcs (i, actcniac inajoi'es. Stylus

brevis prismaticns.

Coldstream, prope (Ti'aliamstowii, alt. "i,!)!)!) pedes, Miss M.

Daly et Miss M. Sole, No. 269, Sept. li)02.

A, circinafa, Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus, ixmieis albis

membranaceis. Folia pliira erecta glabra subteretia 6-9 poll, longa

1 lin. diam. apice circinata. Peduncuhis validus glaber semi-

pedalis. Raceinus sa1)densns paiiciflonis, i)edicellis ereeto-])atenti-

bus inferioribus 6-9 lin. loiigis, Ijracteis ovatis cuspidatis magnis.

Perianthinm campanulatum 6-(S lin. longnm, segmentis oblongis

sordide luteis late viridi vittatis. Stamina omnia antherifera.

Stylus prismaticus ovario aequilongus.

C. B. Spei, Port Alfred, Hon. Mi-. Justice Jones, Aug. 1<S9;3 ;

S. Schonland, No. 1545, Sept. 1902.

A. breiu'pes. Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus 8-9 lin. diam.,

tunicis albis membranaceis. Folia 2 ei-ecta glal)ra anguste linearia

6-(S poll, longa 1^ lin. lata. Pedunculus gracilis 4 poll, longus.

Racemus pauciflorus, pedicellis brevissimis patulis vel ascendenti-

bus, bracteis ovatis parvis. Perianthium 4^ lin. longum, segmentis

lineari-oblongis albis brnnneo-carinatis. Antherae omnes fer-

tiles aequales. Stylus brevis clavatus.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Goechas (Little Namaqualand),

in collibus, alt. 3,000 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,863, Sept. 1S97.

A. zebrina, Baker, n. sp. Bulbus angustus, tunicis exteriori-

bus supra collum productis membranaceis albis vittis pevspicuis

ti-ansversalibus brunneis decoratis. Folia (imperfecta) angustissi-

ma subteretia rigidula glabra. Pedunculus gracilis strictus 3-4

poll, longus. Racemus 5-6 florus, pedicellis inferioribus brevis-

simis cernuis, bracteis linearibus 5-6 lin. longis. Perianthium 4

lin. longum, segmentis lineari-oblongis brunneo-carinatis.

Antherae fertiles 6 subaequales. Stylus brevis primaticus.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Goechas, in collibus, alt 3,000

pedes, R. Schlechter, No, 11,371, Sep. 1897.

A. Schlechteri, Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus, Ih poll, diam.,

tunicis albis membranaceis. Folia 7-8 erecta pubescentia anguste

linearia deorsum dilata vaginantia 9-8 poll, longa. Pedunculus

o^laber modice validus ^-9 poll, longus. Racemus laxus, semipedalis

pedicellis ascendentibus inferioribus 15-18 lin. longis, bi-acteis

AJhucci. 93

magnis ovato-lanceolatis. Perianthinm campannlatum 6 lin.

longuni, segmentis oblongis ol)tnsis sordide Inteis late viridi vittatis.

Antherae G fertiles magnae. Stylus prismaticus, ovai-io aequi-

longus.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Steinkopf, in collibus, alt.

2,900 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,497 (an 11,501 ?), Nov. 1897.

Subgenus Lejdostyla.

A. longipefi. Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus 9-10 lin. diam.

tunicis all)is membranaceis. F'olia 2 lineai-ia erecta glabra com-

plicata semipedalia 1-1^ lin. lata. Peduncuhis gracilis 3 poll,

longus. Racemus 5-florus corymbosus, pedicellis erecto-patentibus

1^-2 poll, longis, bracteis parvis ovatis. Perianthinm 7-(S lin.

longum, segmentis oblanceolatis obtusis all)is late brunneo-carina-

tis. Antherae omnes fertiles, aeternae duplo minores. Stylus

filiformis 3-4 lin. longus.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Buffel River, in collibus, alt.

1,(300 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,259, Oct. 1,S97.

A. micrantha. Baker n. sp. Bulbus globosus liS lin. diam..

tunicis multis brunneis membranaceis. Folia lanceolata glabra

plana 3-4 poll, longa 5-() lin. lata. Pedunculus modice validus 2

poll, longus. Racemus densusmultiflorus 3-4 poll, longus, pedicellis

adscendentibus, inferioribus 12-15 lin. longis, bracteis lanceolatis.

Perianthinm 4^-5 lin. longum, segmentis lineari-oblongis albis

anguste brunneo-vittatis. Stamina omuia fertilia. Stylus

filiformis.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Steinkopf, in collibus, alt.

2,800 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,491, Oct. 1897.

A. ajfinis, Baker n. sp. Bulbus globosus, 9-12 lin. diam.,

tunicis membranaceis. Folio 3 lanceolata erecta brevia glabra 3

lin. laia. Pedunculus 1^-2 poll, longus. Racemus paucifiorus,

pedicellis ascendentibus, inferioribus 15-18 lin. longis, bracteis

erecto-lanceolatis. Perianthinm G lin. longum, segmentis lineari-

oblongis albis brunneo-viridi carinatis. Antherae omnes fei-tiles,

3 minores. Stylus subulatus 4 lin. longus.

C. B. Spei, regio occidentalis : Steinkopf, in collil)us, alt.

2,800 pedes, R. Schlechter, No. 11,501, Nov. 1897.

Ad A. uiicranthatn, Bak. arete aflinis an varietas !'

A. concordiana^ Ikker n. sp. Bulbus parvus globosus, tunicis

membranaceis albis supra coUum productis. Folia pauca linearia

94 Albany Mm^eifm Rpcnrds.

glabra 2-3 poll, longa 1^-2 liii. lata. Racemns laxTis <S-10-floms 3

poll, longus, pedicellis inferioribus ereoto-patentibus vel ceniiis

4-G liii. loiigis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis, Periantliium ('» liii,

longum, segmentis oblongo-spathiilatis albis brmineo-cariuatis.

Stamina omnia fertilia. Stylus subulatus 3-4 lin. longus,

C B, Spei, vegio occidentalis : Concordia, in collibus, alt,

3,100 pedes, R, Schlechter, No, 11,320, Sep. 1897.

Mrs. F. W. Bnrhpr. 95

Biography of the late Mrs. F. W. Barber, and a List of her

Paintings in the Albany Museum.

By Dr. S. Schonland,

Mrs. F. W. Barber, nee Mary Elizabeth Bowker, was the eightli

child of Miles Bov/ker, one of the British settlers of 1<S20.(') She

was born about 1820, just before leaving England. She

spent her youth at Tharfield near the Kleinemond River (about

8 miles east of Port Alfred), which was the location of the

Bowkers. From early youth she displayed an innate love of

natural history pursuits in all its branches. She followed her

brothers everywhere on their hunting expeditions, collecting

beetles, butterflies, plants, &c. Though cut off from the resources

of civilisation and without the helpful encouragement of fellow-

students, she developed hei- powers of observation, and accumu-

lated many facts which in later life brought her the friendship of

Charles Darwin, the Hookers, Dr. Harvey, and many other eminent

men of science, and which secured to some of her scientific papers

admission to the publications of the Unnean Society and other

learned Societies. She was married in 1840 to Mr. F. W. Barber

and had three children — Fred, Harry and Mary (Mrs. Bailie of

Kimberley). All her early life was spent on lonely farms. Many

times she had to leave her home and fly for safety from the Kafirs

and frequently she was shut up in laagers surrounded liy hostile

savages.

In 1854 she went to live on the farm Lammermoor on the

Zwart Kei near Queenstown, which was granted to her husband

for services in war against the chief Kreli. About 1858 she moved

to the farm Highlands near Grahamstown and during her long

stay here her principal investigations were made.

In 1872 she accompanied her sons to the Diamondfields of

Griqualand West, living for years in waggons and tents, all her

(') For the data of Mrs. Barber's life I am indebted to her son, Atr

F. H. Barber.

96 Alhany Museum. Records.

spare time being occupied in observations and in making collec-

tions.

In 1880 she took up her abode with her sons on a farm on the

Fish River, which she left with them in 1886 for the Witwater-

randt goldfields.

In 1891 she visited Europe for the tirst time since childhood,

travelled in England and on the continent, and returned to the

Ti-ansvaal in 1892. She visited Natal and Cape Colony at various

times during the remaining years of her life and died at Pieter-

maritzburg in the montli of August, 1899.

During her life-time she presented to the Albany Museum her

herbarium and her collection of butterflies, and it was therefore

judged by her children best to present her paintings also to this

institution, where they will find an honorable place amongst the

exhiliits and where they will be a means of instruction to many

visitors and may even stimulate some to follow in her footsteps.

To all who see these pictures it will be a surprise to learn that

Mrs. Barber nevei- had any instruction in drawing or painting, yet

many of the sami)Ies of her brush which we now fortunately own,

could scarcely l)e suri)asssed by a good prof essional artist. Besides

painting, Mrs. Barber was fond of music and of poetry. A volume

of 50 of her poems ""grave and gay, reflecting clearly the many

mental powers and loving true-heartedness of the gifted

authoress"(i) was published by her son, Mr. F. H. Barber, in 1898."

It was dedicated to her brother. Colonel James Henry Bowker,

F.L.S., F.Z.S., who shared her enthusiasm for the study of Natural

History. It was entitled '-The Erythrina tree and other verses."

In the first poem ''The Erythrina Tree " one clearly discerns

a longing for the home of her youth which is an ideal place for

the naturalist.

"Bright, glorious Erythrina tree,

Remote from cities — near the sea,

My winged thoughts have flown to thee.

Queen of the woods, I love thee well ;

Oh I for a home with thee to dwell

For ever in the forest dell."

Space forbids me giving further extracts from this or other

poems, but to lovei-s of Nature the following other poems will

specially appeal : "A flower of the Karroo," "The Lay of the

Tadpoles," "The Lay of the Frog," "Malvern," and " The Dragon

Flies."

( ') R. Trimen, F.E.S., in the preface to the volume,

Mrs. F. W. Barber. 97

Though Mrs. Barber only published comparatively few

scientific papers, they are of lasting merit. I will briefly pass

them in review as far as I have been able to trace them.(^)

''Locusts and Locust Birds'" in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc, Vol. I,

p. 193-218 (Read Sep. 79).

A valuable and comprehensive paper bringing together all

that was known at the time about the common S. African

migratory locust, its enemies, &c. Much of the paper has now be-

come common knowledge. It was based on observations by the

authoress, her two sons and some of her friends. It has done

much to assist subsequent observers who, however, with their fuller

knowledge have not been able to accept all of Mrs. Barber's

conclusions.

''On the peculiar colours of animals in relation to habits of

life:' Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc! Vol. I, p. 27 (87)— 45 (105) (Read

June, 1878).

This paper owed its origin to a perusal of a paper by Mr. A. R.

Wallace, ''On the colours of animals and plants," and (in the words

of the authoress) " it may perhaps be the means of throwing addi-

tional light on these matters." She successfully combats Mr.

Wallace's theory of the production of colours in animals, antl

upholds Charles Darwin's theory of female selection in many

instances. She then deals with the indicative or banner colours

in polygamous birds, 'protective colours in some bright-coloured

birds and in butterflies, and lastly she records interesting observa-

tions on the colours of Chameleons.

A Plea for Insectivorous Birds. Read before the Eastern

Province Literary and Scientific Society, Grahamstown,July 18<S().

Published in pamphlet-form by Messrs. Richards. Slater & Co.,

Graliamstown, 188G.

In this paper the authoress enters a strong })lea for the

preservation and i)rotection of insectivorous l)irds both for ethical

and practical reasons She clearly points out liow agriculturists

and horticulturists will suffer in the future if hfr advice is not

heeded.

On the .structure and fertilisation of L/jiuris Boiv/ieri.

Journ. Linn. Soc. (Botany) Vol. 10, p. iiyj-ioS (with 7 figures in

(') I liiu iiidfbtfd to \)v. H. Bfckt'V, F.L.S., F..S.A . :\Ii-. L. Perinjrui'y,

F.E.8., and Mr .F. H. Barber for assisting lue to luaku the hst as complete as

possible aud for the Ijau of some of the papers.

98 Albany Mufieum Records.

the text). Records observations on this orchid made on cnltiviited

specimens at Highlands, shows that for the production of seeds

crossfertilisation l)y insects is necessary.

On tlic fertilisation and dissemination of Dareriioia

adhatodoifes. Journ Linn. Soc. (Botany) Vol. 11, p. 4ri'.)-47'2

(with ;■) figures in the text). Shows that this })huit is almost

without exception fertilised l)y large carpenter-bees {Xylv'-opa

sp.) and also describes the peculiar method by which tlie seeds

are dispersed.

Two papers were read to the Linnean Society, Init. it seems,

were not printed : ''On the Stone-Grasshopper of Grahainstoivn,

South Africa'" (Proc. Linn. Soc, Feb. 4th, LSGO) and "-On

Carnivorovs and Insectivorous Plants"' (Proc. Linn. Soc, Dec

1st., 187())- Tl^^ observations in the former have, however, been

referred to by Trimen and others.

Her best known paper is perhaps the following :

^'- Notes on the peculiar habits and changes which take place

in the larva of Papilio Nireus.''" Trans. Knt. Soc, 1874, p.

519-521 (with Plate IX).

Mrs. Barber was one of the first to discover the variable i)ro-

tective resenil)lance in the pupae of certain butterflies, and to

discuss its ])robable causes. Papilio Nireos will, thanks to Mrs.

Barl)er"s paper, remain a classic example of this peculiar power of

adaptation (See K. B Poulton 'The colours of animals," Inter-

national Science Series, Vol. LXVIII, LSiH). p. 115-118, 129).

In her correspondenr-e with friends, some of whom have been

mentioned before and which included some of the foremost men

of her time, she must have simply been bul)bling over with in-

teresting facts discovered by her. Many of the works of these

friends have numerous citations from her letters, e.g. Layard and

Sharpens ''Birds of Sovith Africa," Trimen's ''South African

Butterflies," Harvey's "Thesaurus Oapensis." Many of her plants

were mentioned in the "Flora Capensis" and other botanical

publications and many of her discoveries of new species of insects

and plants were named after her. The genus Barberetta was

named by Harvey in her honour, and the genus Bowkeria was

deilicated to her and her brother, Col. Bowker. I will let two of

these friends speak for themselves to show the value of her con-

tributions. K. Trimen, in the preface to his " South African

Butterflies" (p. IX), says :

"To Mrs. F. W. Barber, the sister of Colonel Bowker, I am

Mrs. F. W. Barhrr. 99

also greatly indebted. Long known to European Botanists for her

attainments and discoveries in regard to the Flora of the Cape,

this lady had a wide acquaintance with South African Natural

History generally, and in l.SOH turned her attention specially to

Lejiidontera. With characteristic generosity — knowing that I was

bringing out a 1)ook on the subject — Mrs. Barber offered me the

fullest aid, and constantly since then have her net, pen and

artistic pencil been actively engaged in furtherance of my work.

Of special value have proved hei- graphic accounts of the habits

and stations of the butterflies of the Eastern Districts of Cape

Colony, where she has chiefly resided and her coloured drawings

of larvae and pupae, some of which are reproduced in Plates I and

II of this volume." —

Harvey in the "Thesaurus Capensis" (Vol. I p. 24) in dedicat-

ing the genus Bowkeria to her and her brother states that she has

contributed largely to our knowledge of the plants of the Eastern

Province. In a footnote he adds the following. " In one of Mrs.

Barber's recent letters she writes : " I am one of your converts :

it is to you that I owe the existence of my hobby, for I nevjer

should have known anything of botany had I not, b}' mere chance,

seen a copy of your 'Genera of South African Plants,' with the

introduction to Botany at the beginning of it. This volume I

l)orrowed, and hence commenced some of the happiest days of ni}'

life : for in all places, and at all times, in peace and in war, botany

has been one of my greatest i)leasures : and often, when we have

been driven away from our homes, and had them burned l)y

savages, and have had nothing to shelter us' but a waggon for

months together, then Ijotany has been my sovereign remedy to

tli-ive away care. And often my two little boys would say : —

'Mamma, shall we ask ])apa to have the waggon insjjannetl to go

U) another })lace, for there are no more new wild Howers here ?

So you see, anything I can do to assist you, by collecting plants,

is only repaying the del)t of gratitude, I owe you for value

received.' "' " I trust," Harvey continues, " I violate no con-

fidence in thus printing part of a lady's letter, which 1

do, because it happily illustrates the power of botany to

afford interesting amvisement and occupation when shut

out from society and from ordinary i)ursuits. How numy un-

employed hours of a forced oi* voluntary bush life are tediously

spent, which miglit be pleasantly und usefully filletl uj), if tlic

mind were imijued with Natural History tiustes ! When the

observing faculties have been once aroused and directed to natural

100 Albany Museum Hecords.

objects or phenomena, the taste for recording ol)servati()ns and

collecting specimens (juickly follows, and the late victim of ennui

now 'all eye, all ear,' finds that time no longer lags, but i-unsonly

too quickly away. I am happy to say that I have made more than

one S. African ' convert,' but if my little book had produced no

other result than the pleasure it has afforded to my excellent

correspondent, and the interesting specimens she has conti-ibated

for what she calls ' value received, ' I should consider myself

amply repaid."

May her collection of pictures, a lasting monument of her

'conversion' bj-ing us many more such converts.

Pictures of Historical Interest.

1. The COLESBERG KOP.JE or New Rush, 1S71.

This i)icture was painted a few months before Colesberg Kopje

was recognised as being diamondiferous. It forms, as everybody

knows, the site of Kimberley mine. The two figures near the top

of the Kopj':' represent Messrs. F. H. and H. M. ]>arl)er, who were

then boys travelling with their parents.

2. General view of KlMBERLEY in the " early days."

A town of tents.

3. Residence of Madame Favre — NEW RUSH, DiAMONDFIELDS

(Kimberley).

4. A street in New Rush, DlAMONDFIELDS (KIMBERLEY)

where Mrs. Ijarber lived with her family in the early days.

5. St. Cyprian's Church, New Rush, DlAMONDFIELDS

(Kimberley).

6. The grave of William Edward Hoys, son of Major Boys,

New Rush, Diamondfields (Kimberley).

70 One of Mrs. Barber's encampments at De Beers (1<S71)

showing amongst other things the cask in which the water had to

be carried from a distance of three or four miles, the cart used

for riding the ground off the mine and also Lor genercd purposes,

sieves for sifting the ground, &c.

3Jrs. F. W. Barhfr. 101

71. KiMBERLEY MiNE when first rnshed, showing " Gilfillan's

Tree" (a Kameeldoorn, which is also shown on picture No. I).

On the left is the camp, which afterwards became the main street

of Kimberley.

Pictures of Birds.

7. Myrmecocichla hifasciata, Seebohm.-(BUFF-STREAKEn

Chat).

Male, female, nest and four eggs.

Extends from Eastern Cape Colony to the Transvaal.

8. Turdus olivaceus, Linn.— (Cape Thrush).

Male, female, nest and 2 eggs.

Found throughout South Africa south of the Orange River.

9. Pachyprora capensis, Shelley. — (Cape Flycatcher).

Male, female, nest and 3 eggs.

Widely distributed in South Africa.

10. Aegithahi!^ capensis.—{CAFFOC Vogel).

Male, female and nest.

This bird is, except in forest districts, widely distributed in

South Africa. The nest, formerly only made of the cottony down

of plants, is now universally made of wool in parts where woolly

sheep are kept. The entrance to it is through the spout at the top,

the hollowed portion below is only a sham entrance. For further

particulars see Stark, " Birds of South Afiica," Vol. I., p. 311.

11. Pyrotmlana capeni^is, Sharpe.— (Black and Yellow

Bishop Bird).

Male, female and nest.

Widely distributed in South Africa. In the Eastern parts the

birds are somewhat smaller than in the West, and have been dis-

tinguished as a race under the name of Pyroniclana capensis

minor.

12. Vidua prmcipalis, Cuv.— (Pix-tailed Widow Bird).

Male (in breeding plumage) and female.

Widely distributed in South Africa and throughout Tropical

Africa.

13. Upnpa Afnccma, Bechst.— (South African Hoopoe).

Two females.

102 Albany Museum Records.

The South African Hoopoe is widely distributed from Cape

Colony to the Zambesi.

14. Corac/as garrula, Linn. — (EUROPEAN Roller).

Male and female (?)

This bird is widely distributed in Europe extending to Central

Asia. It wintei'S in Africa, where it frequentty reaches the shores

of the Indian Ocean.

15. Gorythornis cyanostigma. — (Malachite-crested King-

fisher).

Male and female.

This beautiful little Kingfisher is abundant throughout South

Africa, and is also widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

16. Melierax gahar, Layard.— (Red-faced Goshawk).

Found throughout Africa from Egypt to Cape Colony. Fairly

common near Gi-ahamstown.

With ('innyris afer, Linn. (Greater Double-Collared

Sunbird) a species common in Eastern Cape Colony.

17. V/'nago delalandei, Salv. — (Delalande's Green Pigeon)

"Z males.

Found in South Africa from Kingwilliamstown eastwards and

extends to Mombasa and Lake Nyassa.

Pictures of Reptiles.

J.(S. Dispholidus tyims, Boul.— (Boomslang).

The Boomslang is a non-poisonous snake, very common in

South Eastern Africa. Its food consists chieflj- of frogs and small

birds.

ID. Chameleun namaquensis. A. Sm.— (Chameleon), on

TarchonmitMis cairqihoratus, L.

This is the largest kind of South African Chameleons. It

is found in the Orange River Colony, Griqualand West and further

West in the driest pai'ts of South Africa.

Mrs. F. W. Barber. 103

Pictures of Moths and Butterflies.

MOTHS.

20. Pachypasa n. sp. ?

Male, female, caterpillar and pupa.

21. ?

Male, female, caterpillar fin outline only), pupa with the

foodplants of the caterpillar (?), Pellaca hastata. Link

and Asitleniutn caneatum, Lam.

22. Traljahi. ocliroleuca^

Male, female, caterpillar and pupa on the foodplants

Bougainvtllea sp.

23. Parasa amoema, K.

Male and cocoons on Acacia caffra., Willd.

BUTTERFLIES.(0

21. Meneris TulhagJiia^ Linn.

Male and female on Rnmex sagittatus, Thunb. (the

foodplant of the caterpillar ?)

This butterfly is peculiar to South Africa and found generally

where mountains or high rocky hills exist.

25. Acraea Horta, L.

Male, female, caterpillar and pupa.

Widely spread in South Africa and extending into Tropical

Africa.

26. Acraea Rahira, Boisd.

2 males showing upper and lower surfaces of the wings,

one female, caterpillar and pupa on Polygonum tomen-

tosum, the foodplant of the caterpillar.

This species is almost confined to marshy or swampy spots.

27. Pyrameis Cardui, L.

2 representations of the typical form and 2 of a slightly

aberrant form, in both cases upper and lower surfaces of

the wings shown ; caterpillar, pupa and cocoon on

Urtica dioica, one of the foodplants of the caterpillar.

This caterpillar has an almost world-wide range. It is widely

spi-ead in South Africa, and in many places very common.

( ' ) The notes on geographical distribution of butterflies are taken from

R. Tiimen, "S. A. Butterflies" Vol. I-III (1887-89).

lOi Albany Museum Records.

28. Eurerna H ijipomene, Hiib.

Two females, showing up[)er and lower sui-races of the

wings, the two forms of caterpillar [described by Trimen

in his " South African Butterflies;' Vol. I (1S87), p. 20')]

pupa and cocoon on Uifica mitis, the foodplant of the

caterpillar.

Found in the coast regions bordering the Indian Ocean in

South Africa, and extending to Madagascar and Abyssinia.

29. Precis Sesamus, Trim., var.

Two specimens showing upper and lower surfaces of

wings.

This species is found from the Perie Bush eastwards to South

Tropical Africa.

i)(l. I'recis Pelnsgis, Gotl.

Two females, showing both surfaces of the wings with a

branch of Plectranthus laxiflorus^ Bth., on which Mrs.

Barber observed the female of this species depositing eggs.

Found in South Eastern Africa and extending to the Victoria

Nyanza.

81. Diadema Misijyjnis, L.

Two males, showing upper and lower surfaces of wings,

1 female, 2 caterpillars on their foodplant {f'ortulacn

uleracea, L.) and a pupa.

This butterfly is generally distributed over South Africa,

except in the S. W. of Cape Colony, where it only occurs as a

straggler ; it extends through Tropical Africa to Southern Asia,

the Malayan Archipelago and to South America.

32. Cha7Xixes Jahlusa, Trim, ?

Two females, showing both surfaces of the wings.

Charaxes Jahlusa is a rather rare species. It is found in some

parts of the Eastern Districts of Cape Colony, and is also known

from the Zambesi and Tati Rivers.

i\i). Charaxes Neanthes, Hew.

Male and female on a branch of Assegai wood (Cunofiia

capensis, L).

This species is restricted to South Eastern Africa.

31. Myrinaficedula, Trim.

Two males, showing both surfaces of the wings, caterpillar

and pupa on a branch of a Wild Fig {Ficus sjj.) one of

the foodplants of the caterpillar.

Mr.<. F. W. Barhrr. ]o:,

Found in Cape Colony from the Knysna eastwards, also in

Katal, the Transvaal, and at the Congo.

IJ;"). Hypiilycaena Lara, L.

Two males showing both surfaces of the wings, caterpillar

and pupa with two leaves of Cotylexhm imdakita. Haw.,

the foodplant of the caterpillar.

Found in most parts of South Afi-ica and extending to

Abyssinia.

'M'). Lycaena Gaetica, L.

Tw^o males, showing both surfaces of the wings, 1 female,

caterpillar and pupa with a branch of Crotalnria cajjensis,

Jacq., the foodplant of the caterpilku-.

This species is widely distributed through most parts of Afi-ica,

'hut is also found in Eiu-ope, Asia and Australia.

^-57 Lyoaena, lucida. Trim.

Two males, showing both surfaces of the wings, and 1

temale with branches of LebecJiia niacronata, Bth(?) and

Indigo f era «p.

This species extends from Plettenberg Bay to the Transvaal

through the coast districts of Cape Colony and Natal.

3<S. Cal/idryas fford/a. Fab,

Two males and two females (yellow form) showing both

surfaces of the wings, caterpillar and pupa on one of the

foodplants of the caterpillar (Cassia ohovata, Collad).

This butterfly ranges over all the Ethiopian region (except the

Xorth West extra-tropical tracts). In South Africa it is generally

distributed.

39. Colias Elect ru, L

Two males, showing both surfaces of the wings, normal

form of female, dimorphic form of female, caterpillar and

pupa, branches of Indigofera poliotes^ E. May, and Trifo-

li'irm Burchellianum, two of the foodplants of the cater-

pillar.

This species is distributed throughout South Africa, and

extends far into Tropical Africa.

4^0. Pier is Hellica, L,

Two ma es, showing both surfaces of the wings, 1 female,

caterpillar and pupa on Lepidimit sp., one of the food-

plants of the caterpillar.

I()() Albany Mimeum Records:

Tills is one of t'h« commonest a-ud most abundant butterflies^

in South Africa.

Jrl. Papilio Lywus,. Doubl.

Two males, showing both surfaces of the wings, caterpillar

and pupa with branch of one of the foodplants of the

caterpillar {Toddalia Tanceolata, Lam>.)

Common and widely spread over Eastern South Africa^

Picture^^ of Plants.

Kat. Order. IRIDACEAE

42. 1. AiithoJysa rcvoluta., Burm. — Extends from South

Western Cape Colony to Grahamstowre.

2. Gladiolus sp.

;i Gl. sp.

4. AcicUinthpra platypetala. Bak. ex. descr. — Tliis species

is known from Uitenhage to Natal and also from the Transvaal.

4;i. — 1, 2. Dierama pendaUi., Bak.— Found in numerous

localities in South Eastern Africa. The colour- of the tlowers

varies from white to pale or dark mauve-purple.

Nat. Order Amaryllidaceae,

'?y. Lapeyrousia cruenta, Bak. — ^Found from Grahams-

town to Natal and the Transvaal.

44, Ra^manthus magniticus^ Herb, ex descr, — Natal to

Delagoa Bay.

45. Cyrtantlnis sangnineuSy Hook. — Natal,

Nat. Order Araceae.

69. Dracuyiculus vulgaris, Schott. — A native of the

Mediterranean region,

Nat. Order ProteaCEAEI.

4G. Protect hirta, KL

"This lovely Protea is somewhat common on the high

rocky hills near Johannesburg" (M.E.B.)

Nat. Order Ranunoulaceae.

47. Clematis Stanleyi, Hook,

"Transvaal ! Flek poort river, on the hills near the

celebrated Black Reef, high hills beyond Johannesburg"

Mrs. F. W. Barh'i: 107

'(M.E.B.) According to the Flora Capensisit occurs at the

Magaliesbergen and in Zulnhmd.

IS^at. O-rder CUCURBITACEAE.

4(S. The picture I'Cp'esente a fi-uiting l)rancli of a cucur-

bitaceous plant which at present cannot be determined.

Nat. Older RUBIACEAE.

49. Burohellki crij/eiisis, R. Br, —A shrub or tree, 12-14 'high,

■called by the Dutch ^'Buffeldoorn," found from Swellendam to

Natal, common near Grahamstown.

Nat. Order ASCLEPIADACEAE.

50 Hueniia reticuhiia ?

"Hab,, Thorn River, Queenstown district : Albany district

near Grahamstewn, widely dispersed" (M.B.B.)

51 Hnernia tiibata. Haw.

Hab , Karroo.

52. Huernia sp.

"Hab,,— Kaffiraria. Kreli^ Kraal, T^sonio-river'' (M.E.B.;

53 Duva'ia ./acquinui/ia, Sw.

" Hab,— Bushmans river. Fish River, Great Karroo Flats —

beneath sheltering shrubs oa* rocks. Blossoms in spring after the

rains have fallen" (M.E.B.)

54. Caralluma lutea, N.E.Br. (Hook. Ic. Plant, plate 1901).

"Hab, — Orange River on rocky hills n^ar Kimberley, Barkly

West on Vaal River, Hopetown district on stony hills" (M.E.B.)

Mrs. Barber further wrote " This beautiful species I am sorry to

say is still unfinished. It has a lovely purple fringe which I

■cannot trust myself to paint with the living flower."

55. Stap\elia hircosa, Jacq., var.

This is probably one of the species of Stapelia received ))y

Mrs. Barber from Sir Henry Barkly who gives as localties for it,

between Murraysburg and Richmond, and Orange River, (see N.

E. Brown in Hook. Ic. PL sub. t. 1910).

56. Stapelia variegata, L., var. bufonia, N. E. Br.

57. Sta/ieiia glabricaulis, N. E. Br.

"Hab. — Kaffraria ; Keiskama river ; KingwilJiamstown : Lowei-

Fish River. In edges of wood or large bushes in shadv localities"

(M.E.B.)

58. Stapelia patu/a, Willd. var.

lOS Albany Mm^fuin Records.

Received by Mrs. Barber from Sir Henry Barkly, — rirowrs

near Ceres (fide Pillans, jr.).

59. Stapelin jiatula, Willd, var.

Received by Mrs, Barber from Sir Heni-y Barkly, — Grows

near Ceres (fide Fillans, jr.).

(jO. Stapelia tsontoensis, N. E. Br,

Hab,— Tsomo river, (N", E, Brown in Hook. Ic. Plant, t.

IDIS).

61. Stapelia sp.

Hab, — Baviaansriver.

62. Stapelia horizonfalis', M. E. Br. (Hook. Ic. Plant, t.

1907).

This species is placed by Mr. R. Sclilechter (Jonrn. of. Bot.

1(S96, p. 484) under S. variegata, L., from which, however, it seems^

to be distinct. It was received by Mrs. Barber from Sir Henry

Barkly and Col. Bowker, but she did not mention any locality,

63. Stapelia hirco<a. , Jacq. "The Black Stapelia."

"Hab. — Orange River Colony on rocky kopjes near Bloemfon-

fein, also Boshof" (M.E.B).

64. Stapelia n. sp. >

Found in the neighbourhood of Grahamstown.

65. Stapelia rorijina (G. Don).

6io Stapelia grandifiora., Mass.

"Hab. — A widely dispersed species found all over the coun-

try" (M.E.B.)

67. Stapelia sp-? (market in pencil " (piite new genus ?")

"Hab. — Grassy hills near Grahamstown, Botha's Hill, nea)-ly

allied to L. grandiflora, a very beautiful species "(M.E.B.)

()(S. Stapelia anihigua. Mass.

"Hab. — Orange River Colony, rocky hills in the neighbour-

hood of Bloemfontein, near Aliwal North on banks of Orange

River" (M.E.B.)

Hymcnoptt'ra. 100

Descri[)tions of three new species of Hj^menoptera from Pearston'

South Africa.

By p. Camerox.

Chalcididae.

Tori/ //HIS Mi'xemlnjanfliemi^i , sp. nov.

Head (lark green with brassy tints and covered thickly with

glistening white hair ; mandibles dark rufous at the base ; the

scape of antennfe rufous, the fiagellum black. Upper part of

thorax dark green largelj" tinted with brassy and rufous tints ; the

pleurae similarly coloured, the posterior smooth part of the

mesopleura3 with purple and violaceous tints. Legs dark blue with

brassj" tints, the apex of the femora, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow.

Abdomen dark blue, with green and violaceous tints ; the

ovipositor slightly longer than the body. Wings clear hyaline,

the nervures black.

Length hardly 3, terebra fully .3 m.m.

Antennae stout ; the annellus distinctly narrower (about half

its width) than the following joint ; the scape not reaching to the

ocelli, slender, not dilated at apex. The 3 mandibular teeth not

clearly separated. P^yes brownish, glabrous. There is a broadish,

flat keel below the antennas. Face sparsely punctured. Pro-

mesonotum and scutellum closely and destinctly punctured, the

metonotum less strongly punctured, especially in the middle

which is bright rosj" in colour. The 2nd and 3rd segments of

the abdomen are purple, the 1st green with slight brassy tints, the

other segments green, blue and brassy.

This species was bred by Dr. Robert Broom, C.M.Z.S., from a

gall in the buds of a species of Mesonhryanthemum found in the

veldt at Pearston, South Africa. The maker of the gall is unknown.

110 Albany Museum Rrcords.

Braconidae.

Ghelonus Rohertianus, sp. nov.

Black : the knees and the anterior tibiae dark testaceous : an

obscure testaceous spot on the sides of the basal abdominal seg-

ment ; the wings hyaline, the stigma blackish, the nervures paler.

Length nearly 2 m.m.

Hab. -Pearston, South Africa. Dr. Rol)ert Broom, C.M.Z.S.,

Antennae not qui^e so long as the body, l(S-jointed. Head

shining, alutaceous : the front with a pyriform depression.

Thorax closely and finely punctured the scutellum is less

strongly punctured and is more shining, there is a fine

transversa keel across the apex of the mesonotum : immediately

l)ehind it is a striated band : there is a shining, smooth band at

the sides of the post-scutellum. In the centre of the median seg-

ment are 2 longitudinal keels ; ihe sides in the ^ centre are

indistinctly toothed ; the segmeiit is more coarsely punctured

than the mesothorax ; the metapleur?e at the base obscurely

striated. Abdomen roundly convex above : almost uniformly

finely rugose, the apex finely obscurely reticulated : it is slightly,

but distinctly, shorter than the head and thorax united and longer

than the latter ; the sides, next to the ventral surface, are keeled :

the ovipositor projects, — the apical segment bluntly rounded.

Pterostigma large, broadly rounded below ; the radius issues from

its centre, its basal abscissa is short, straight, oblique ; the apical

is slightly roundly curved downwards, the 1st transverse cubital

nervure is almost obsolete, as is also the cubitus beyond it.

Yespidje.

Rethus Broomi, sp. nov.

Black : the clypeus, a narrow line on the base of the pro-

notum, post-scutellum, the apex of the 1st and 2nd abdominal

segments all round, the apices of the 4th to 7th beneath, and a

narrow line on the outer orbits, yellow ; the antennae for the

greater part beneath a narrow line on the apex of the pronotum,

the propleuras, except at the apex above, tegulfe, a mark below the

tegulae on the mesopleurae, the scutellum, except narrowly in the

centre, the sides of the metanotum broadly, the dilated part

Hymenojitera. HI

of the petiole broadly on the sides and narrowly behind the yellow

apical band above, an irregular mark, broadly dilated in the

middle, on the sides of the 2nd segment and the greater part of

the apical segments, rufous. Wings fuscous-violaceous, the

nervures and stigma black. Legs for the greater part rufous.

Length to end of 2nd abdominal segment 8 m.m.

Hab. Pearston, South Africa (Dr. Robert Broom, C.M.Z.S.)

Head and thorax closely punctured and densely covered with

cinereous pubescence. Third joint of antennae as long as the

following two joints united, the claw as long as the apical two

joints united. Clypeus twice longer than broad roundly

convex in the middle ; the sides at the apex roundly

curved : the apex with a shallow, rounded incision. Hinder ocelli

separated from each other by a distinctly greater distance than

they are from the eyes. The central depi*ession on the metanotum

is broad, deepest at the apex and with a narrow, distinct furrow

down the centre. The 4 front femora are black above ; all the

coxae are black at the base ; the hinder trochanters, and femora,

their tibiae behind and the apical 4 joints of the tarsi, black ; the

metatarsus dark rufous. The petiole is as long as the head and

thorax united, is slightly furrowed down the middle and

distinctly punctured except at the base ; the 2nd segment is twice

longer than the width at the apex ; it is distinctlj^ nai*rowed at

the base. Apical half of the mandibles rufous ; the palpi black.

There is a minute yellow mark above the antennae.

This species comes near to Z. delagoensis, Schult, of which

the female only is known. Apart from differences in colouration

Z. delagoensis may be known by the hinder ocelli being separated

from each other by the same distance they are from the eyes, by

the petiole being only of the length of the thorax and by the

clypeus being transverse. The genus Zetlius seems to be rare in

Africa.

112 AJhnnij Musfiim Records.

On some South African Grasses in the Herbariutn of the All)any

Museimi. By Prof. E. Hackkl, S. Polten, Austria,

Poa lieterogama. Hack., n. sp.

Perennis, caespitosa, innovationil)US intravaginalibus. Cuhiii

erecti, gracillimi, circ. 35 cm. alti, compressi, ghiberrimi, superne

longiuscule nudi, binodes, nodo siiperiore infra medium culmi sito.

Vaginae arctae, internodiis breviores, compressae, glabrae, sursum

scaberiilae, vetustae inferiores dem.um in fibras parallelas v.

flexnosas tennes flavescentes solutae. Ligulae 1 — 2 mm. longae,

late ovatae, obtusae, denticulatae. Laminae anguste lineares,

acutiusculae, planae, inferiores 12 — 20 cm., summa ad 3 cm. longae,

1 mm. latae, flaccidae, virides, scabrae, tenuinerves. Panicula

ovata V. ovato-oblonga cii-c, 7 cm. longa, patula, laxa, flaccidula,

rhachi laevi, ramis binis subcapillaribus scabris in -/g inferiore

indivisis, primario inferiore paniculam dimidiam aequante v.

superante apice 5 — 6-spiculato, secnndariis 2 — -4 spicuiatis, spiculis

in apice ramorum confertis breviter v. (subterminales) brevissime

pedicellatis. Spiculae ovali-oblongae circ. 4 mm. longae, 2 — 3

florae, flore imo masculino vel hermaphrodito, 1 — 2 superioribus

femineis, pallide virides, rhachillae glabrae internodiis gluma

fertili 5 — G-plo brevioribus. Glumae steriles subaequales, 2 et

2"r) mm. longae, lanceolatae, acutae, laeves, I. 1 — II. 3-nervis,

dimidiam longitudinem floris superpositi tegentes. Gliimae

fertiles oblongae, fere -l mm. longae, obtusae, apice hyaliuae,

ceterum subherbaceae, 5-nerves, nervis parum prominnlis, in

^\^ inferiore nervorum laxissime et brevissime v. obsolete

pilosulae, callo glabro, laeves. Palea glumam subaequans ob-

longa, obtusiuscula, bidentula, carinis scaberula. Floris infimi

stamina 3, antheris linearibus 2 mm. longis ; florum superiorum

ovarium ovoideum, stigmatibus sessilibus longis.

Kentani, alt. 1000', Aug. 1902, leg. Miss Alice Pegler, No. 50.

Species peculiaris, nulli arctius affinis. Structura spicularum

•AQ,Qe(\\t in\. P. annuam L., et P. dihior/ihanthcun Murb. (Contrib.

¥1, X, Oaest Afr. p. 20), quarum flos supi-emns in quavis spiciila

feminins, iiiferiore.:! herraaphroditi sunt Sed haec species a

iiosti-a valde diflEerunt radice annua, ghimis fertilil)us ad nervos

:sei'iceo-pilosis etc. Flos infirnus in P. heterogama modu hei-ma-

plii'odito (ovario lainus evoluto quam in superioribns) modo

mere masculino : in superioribus indium vestigium staminai-um

•adest.

Cakimagrosfin Huttonia', Haclc. n. sp, — Mrs. C. Hutton. No.

.:}S4 (Howick, Natal, Dec. 1902),

This number in<:;ludes 2 different plants : a number of

>;talks (l)ut (uil}' one leaf) torn off high up with inflorescence

which undoubtedl}' belongs to a species of Calamagrostis, for

the valve has at the base a tuft of hair of nearly its own

length and it has besidf^s a very short bearded ^'rolono■ation

of the axis on the same side as the pale, therefore belono-s to

the subgenus Deyeuxiu. The species is certainly new, but cannot

he thoroughly diagnosed as the lowei- parts are completely wanting

and I must delay drawing up a description until more complete

specimens have been collected, but there is another matter t> be

cleared up. With the specimen there was a single, complete,

flowering stalk, which represents Agrofitis lacltnantha, Rees, only

slightly differing from the type. Both grasses, therefore, grow at

the same place, and it is now remarkable to notice that almost all

cliaracters (leaves, spikelets, relative sizes, form and nervation of

the giumae steriies and glumae fertiles) agree in Ijoth, the onlv

<lifterence is in the indument, for A. lachnantha has at the base

of the valve only short hairs and just such hairs at the sides and

on the back ; it is entirely without the piolongation of the axis.

The present material is insufficient to decide in what relation the

two grasses stand to one another. It is very desirable that more

material be procured. Perhaps we may be dealing with a hybrid

form ?

Spovoboius pectinatus^ Hack. (Oestr. Botan. Zeit. lUUo, p. 198)

var. (nova) coluratus — differt a typo non solum colore subfusco

ypicularum sed etiani glnma I 1/H spiculae aequans (non 2/3 ut in

typo).

Johannesburg, Mrs. C. Hutton, No. 25^>, April 1<S*.)()-

Panicum gaadrifarium, Hochst.

Warrenton, Miss C. Adams, No. 11, April 1902.

This species is omitted in Flora Oapensis, Vol. VII.

114 Alhany Miitunim ReanrTs:^

On some new and some little Irnown species of Soufh Africara

plants. -It.

By I>R. S. SCH()NLANI>.

C/vissufa Knhniiy Schonl, n. sp. — A small shiirblet, 8-12 cm,

high. Stem usually much branched from the base. Older

l)ranches efoliate, ultimate branches with 8-10 pairs of closely set

leaves, leafy portion about 2.5 cm. long, internodes about 2.5 mm.

long. Leaves glaucous, slightly connate at base, glabrous,

oblong, acuminate, very convex on the back, nearly flat inside,,

lowest 11 mm long, upper gradually smaller. Inflorescence

terminal, pedunculate, subcapitate. few-flowered. Peduncle

slender, 5-5.5 cm. long, provided with 3-1 pairs of depauperated

leaves. Flowers shortly pedicellate, bracts and bracteoles

toothlike. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, c. 2 mm. long, connected at

the base, rounded on the back, yellowish white. Petals nearly

free, su1)erect, oblong, 6 mm. long, creamy-white, with the barest

indication of a rounded "mucro" behind the apex. Stamens,

slightly smaller than the petals, filaments filiform, white, anthers

blackish-brown, ovate. Carpels nearly as long as the stamens,

ovaries suboblong, almost straight along the inner margin, style

subulate, sharply defined, but only 1 mm. long, stigma distinct,

squamae very small, broader than long, deeply emarginate above.

Western or Central Karroo ? Contributed by Mr. A. Kuhn,

May 19();5.

This species is allied to Cr. Harveyi, Britt. et. Bak. fil. (Cr.

alpetris, Harv. [non Thunb]). It is easily distinguished by its

style, calyx-lobes, length of peduncle.

Crassula corymbulosa, Link. — ^At least 4 well marked

varieties which remain constant under cultivation, can 1)e

distinguished. They die down every year to the base of the stem

and shoot out again from the lowest nodes which take root (in the

same manner in which Cr. stachyera^ Cr. Turrita &c., persist

from year to year). In addition to this mode of vegetative re-

Neir and litth- ktioirn Plants. 11")

production varieties c and d have the peculiarity (which i.s

especially pronounced in d) of shedding their upper leaves before

the flowers open. At the base of each le^f a bud arises (in c fre-

quentlj' before they are drop})ed. in d soon after) which soon takes

root and forms a most effective means of propagating the plant. It

is interesting to note that in c where this peculiarity is present but

jiot so pionounced as in d, the flowers are not piK)duced in such

id)undan<3e as in « and ^, while in d there are only very few flowei-s

produced at the end of each branch and vegetative sheets (bulbils

foiined even in the axils of the bracteoles. In all 4 varieties the

leaves are punctulate above and below and in all of them (except

/; which is quite glabrous) tlw number and divStribution of the

papillore hairs on the stem is variable. The floral characters in

all of them are essentially the same except that there are consider-

able differences in the sizes of the various parts. The squamae are

subquadi-ate, rounded and emarginate above, small, yellowish. The

following distinguishing characters have been drawn up from live

plants ; in dried specimens it is not always possible to distinguish

// and h. All 4 varieties flower in March and April.

Var. a. tyjrica. — Stem usually 25-30 cm. long. Lowest leaves

lanceolate, about 7 cm. long, ascending, concave on the inner

surface, convex on the outer, margin papillose-ciliate ; uiqjer

leaves almost at right angles to the stem, ovate-acute, slightly

convex en the inner surface. Flowei-s pedicelled. Petals 3 mm.

long, 1*75 mm. broad; calyx-lobes deltoid, 1.25 mm. long ; stamens

2.5 mm. long ; carpels 1'5 mm. long : style short, but distinct.

Sheldon, Mrs. C. Hutton.

Var, h. major. Stem frequently 40 cm . long. Lowest leaves

frequently" 14 cm. long, otherwise very much as in a except that

they frequently show a tendency to become ensiform ; upper

leaves ascending, ovate-lanceolate, concave on the inner surface.

Flowers pedicelled : petals 3.25 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad, calyx-

lobes sublanceolate, 2.25 mm. long ; stamens and carpels very

much as in a.

Common near Grahamstown and in Lower Albany.

Var. c. lanceolata. — Stem usuallj^ about 24 cm. long, not so

robust as in a and h. Leaves without marginal papillae,

lowest ascending or deflexed, 3-4 cm. long, lanceolate, nearly

flat on the inner surface, convex and subcarinate on the outer

surface, upper leaves deciduous and deflexed, usually ovate, acute

or ovate-lanceolate, otherwise like the lower ones, but smaller.

Flowers subsessile, petals 2.5 mm. long,l mm. broad ; calyx-lobes

Ik;' Alh(()iy MnsfKin R('C(n'(U.

deltoid, 1 mm. long: stamens 2 mtn. long: carpels l..") mm. long;

style vei-y short.

Found near Port Alfred and Carlisle FricTge. To this variety

mnst also be referred some specimens collected by T. R. Sini'

(No. 1209, Kingwilliamstown, alt. 1200', Kov. 1,S92), while some

of E E. Galpin's specimens from Queenstown (Xos I9(S5, 19S(),

alt. 3500-4000', Feb., ]\Tarch, 1896) show most of the characters of

this variety, but their leaves have papillose-ciliate margins.

var. d. cordiitd. — Stem more richly branched than in t he-

preceding varieties, about 15 cm. high. All leaves with papillose-

ciliate margin, short and thick, convex above and below, lowest

ovate-oblong, acute, about 2 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, 4 mm. thick,

gradually getring rmaller, however in the ultimate branches they

have all, except those close to the apex, about equal size. In these

ultimate branches they are heart-shaped, 5-7 mm. long, 4-() mm.

In-oad, closely crowded together, and drop oflp just before the

flowers open. Inflorescence few-flowered, terminal or sul)-ter-

minal, ses^le. Flowers shortly pedicellate ; calyx-lobes deltoid,.

0.75 mm. long ; petals 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad ; stamens 2 mm.

long: carpels 1.1 mm. long, -style nearly half the lenglh of the

ovary, thick.

Sheldon, Mrs. C. Hutton,

A plant collected at sevei-al places in Natal by Mr. J. M. Wood

(Nos. 942 and 5;U6) recently descril^ed as CrasxiiJa hrevixtylay

Bak. fil. (Bull, de T herb. Boiss. tome III, 2 me serie, 1903, p. 813) ;

was considered by me some years ago- to be Gt\ corymhuhisa^

Link var. I have not seen it recently, but I think the determina-

tion was correct. One peculiar feature found in this, and very few

other species of Grassula, namely the ciliae on the inner margin

of the carpels, is present in var. a, h, and d, and is indicated in

var. c, even when it is otherwise quite glabrous.

Crassula hrachyfieMa., E. Mey., var. parvisepala, Schonl. n,

var. — Stem subterete, leaves somewhat shorter than in the type,

sepals shorter than the petals.

Bedford, Miss Nicol, No. 93, Ap. 1903 : Flats, near Brownlee

Station, Kingwilliamstown, alt. 1500', T. R. Sim, No. 1200, Ap.

1892 ; Dohne Hill, alt. 5000', T. R. Sim, No. 1201, March, 1891 ;

Mount Coke, alt. 2000', T. R. Sim, No. 141G, Oct. 1892.

I have not seen the type of C. hrachynetala, E. Mey., wdiich

is not in Harvey's Herbarium, but judging from the description it

agrees with the above-mentioned specimens in many points (stem.

SoufJi African Grasses. 117

«liape of leaves and indument, mode of bi-hinching, inflorescence,

•tl'c). I append a few notes taken from live specimens received

from Miss Xicol ■-. A weak, straggling herb, rooting at the nodes,

internodes in the main stem about 3 cm. long, stem subterete,

pubescent, leaves ovate acute, on an average about 15 mm. long,

«ubconnate or shortly petioled, thinly pubescent, minutely

l)apillose on the margin. Flowers on filiform pubescent pedicels

in tei-minal umbels, pedicels 5 mm. long (8 toll* mm. long in Sim's

specimens). Sepals lanceolate, f the length of petals, keeled, sul)-

glabrous (setose along the keel in some of Sim's specimens) with

green centre and hj^aline margin, petals broadly ovate, acute,

minutely apiculate, l.;") mm. long, white with a faint stripe of

gi-een from the apex downwards to tiie middle ; stamens about

the length of the sepals, filaments filiform, white, anthers creamy-

white, carpels about as long as the petals, ovaries obliquely ovate,

white with greenish base, minutely serrate in the median line

dorsally, styles subulate, white, nearly as long as the ovaries,

squamae minute, thin, white, obcordate, broader than long.

Crassiila Dichii, SchonL n. sp, — A small glabrous herb : stem

simple or branched, bearing 2 pairs of foliage leaves. Leaves

purpurascent, spreading, or erecto-patent, petioled, membranous,

lamina reniform, 5 to 9 mm. bi-oad, either quite entire or with

crenate margin, petiole about twice the length of the lamina

(up to 9 mm.). Inflorescence terminal, cjmose, repeatedly branched,

first pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long, others much smaller. Flowers

reddish-white, sepals connate nearly half their length, lobes ovate,

blunt, c. \ mm. long. Petals broadly ovate, c. 2 mm. long.

Stamens and carpels about the length of the petals. Filaments

slender, anthei-s with broad connective. Styles subulate, a little

shorter than the ovaries, squamae very small, broadly obovate-

cuneate.

"■ Clanwilliam, Oedarberge, in rupestribus umbrosis, alt. 1170

m.," Diels, No. IIGI.

Cr, Diehii is allied to Cr. Pronioutoi-ii, Schtinl. et. Bak. fll..

but differs from it in size and several details of floral structure.

Grassula clavifoiia,!^. Mey., var. marginata, Schtinl. n. var. —

Margin of the leaves minutely papillose-ciliate, peduncle minutely

pubescent.

Montagu, alt. 300 m., Dr. R. Marh.th, Xo. 3239, Oct. 1903.

Crassida namaqwtms, Schonl. et Bak. fll, var. hftea, SclKud.

118 Alhamj Museum Records.

II. var. — Petals yellow, isepals not quite so broad as in the type ami

slightly longer.

BokkeveUl Kan-oo, alt. .SOO ra., Dr. R. Marloth. No. :^2;iS,

Oct. nn»"i.

Craxsnlft (§ Sjiliaerifis) reinota, Schfinl. n. wp, — A small

shrublet, about 17 cm. high. Stem much branched, woody at the

base. Okfer branches efoliate, ultimate branches with 4-5 closely

set pairs of leaves. Leaves glaucous, connate, subovate, subacute^

rather thick, convex on the back, almost flat above, slightly

scabrous, minutely serrulate at the margin, ciliate at the base»

lower about H mm. long, gradually getting smaller higher up.

Inflorescence tei-minnl, subcapitate, pedunculate : peduncle slightly

scabrous, provided with 2-.*i pairs of lanceolate acute empty bracts,

about 2.5 cm. long. Flowei-s shortly pedicellate, bracts similar to

the sepals. Sepals c. 2 mm. long, almost free, lanceolate, bluntish,

carinate on the back, glabrous, but with ciliate margin. Petals

pale yellow, connate at the base, carinate at the back, pandurifoi-m,

towards tlie apex gradually conti-acted, canaliculate, ^ longer than

the sepals. Stamens c. 1.5 mm. long, attached to the petals, fila-

ments subulate, anthers oblong. Carpels a little smaller than the

st^amens, styles very small, ovaries obliquely subovate, squamae

nearly ^ the length of the carpels, subcuneate, c. 0'6 mm. long,

c. 0-4: mm. broad above.

Naauwpoort, T. R. Sim, No. 4, Dec. 11)01.

This is the most Eastern species of the subgenus Sjjhao'itis

with which I am acquainted. At first sight it looks as if it was

related to Cr.fruticulsa (L ?) Harv. and Cr. Harvey i, Britt. et.

Bak. fil. (Cr. alpestn's, Harv, [non Thunb]), but the structure of

its flower leaves no doubt of its real affinities.

Cotyledon cuneaia, Thunb.— It seems to me doubtful whether

the plant referred by Harvey (Flora Capensis, II, p. 373) to this

species, is Thunberg's plant. The following is Thunberg's descrip-

tion (Thunberg's Flora Capensis, ed. Schultes, 1823, p. 395) :

" C. (cuneata) foliis cuneatis carnosis, hirtis; floribus paniculatis,

hirsutis. Folia radicalia, carnosa, cuneiformia, integra, margine

purpurea, pollicaria. Caulis herbaceus, teres, erectus, pubescens,

viscidus, spithamaeus. Flores lutescentes, viscidi. panicula com-

posita, cernua, pedunculi et pedicelli villosi, glutinosi. Calyx et

corollae extus hirsutae.'"

I was inclined to refer a plant received from Dr. R. Marloth

(No. 3240, Laingsl>urg, Oct. 1903) to G. cuneata, Thunb., but as it

Nen- and little knun'ii Plnnt.^. 119

seems impossible to determine accurately wliich plant Tluniberij-

meant, I think it advisable to descrilie Dr. Mai-loth's plant under

a new name (C. gluiinosa). It is certainly distinct from C.

runeata, Harv.

Colyh'doH ghUinosii^ ScbonL n. sp.— Stem short, laxly

l)ranched, herbaceous, tci"ete, pubescent. Leaves opposite, 4-().

crowded towards the end of the l)ranches, cuneate oblong, thick,

fleshy, 2.0 to 1.5 cm. long, ^l to 5 mm. thick. 8-12 mm. broad, usually

subacute and som 'tini'^s submucronate, almost fiat inside, very con-

vex on the back, mealy-white or glaucous, covered all over with

very short soft hairs, apical margin red. Inflorescence terminal,

few-flowered, cymose, flower-s cernuous ; peduncle terete, hirsute,

i) cm. long, pedicels pubescent, 3-8 mm. long. Calyx witli dirty

i-eddish-bi'own pubescence outside, tube about 2 mm. long, lobes

<»\aie, spreading, about 2.o mm. long and broad ; corolla about

115 mm. long, pubescent outside, tube about 7 mm. long, lobes

spreading, about (5 mm, long, dirty reddish-brown on the outside

which colour is continued in 5 stripes downwards on the tube

sei)arated by yellowish-green stripes on which the pubescence is

rather scanty ; filaments without hairs, scarcelj' dilated at the

base, yellowish-green, about 1 cm, long, anthers reddish-brown,

ovate ; styles eventually slightly exceeding the stamens, yellowish-

green, stigmata small, scpiamae small, about 3 times broader than

high.

The hairs on the peduncle, pedicels, calyx and corolla ai-e

glutinous, hence the name.

Cotijl^'don Bolus//, Schoiil., var. karroornsis, 8clionl. n. vai-.

Differs from the type chiefly by its smaller calyx lol)es wdiich

are scarcely 1.5 mm. long.

Laingsburg, Dr. R. Marloth, No. 2519, Jul. 1902 : flowered in

(xiahamstown, March 1904.

C. Bolusii, Schonl. was described by me (Rec. Alb. Mus. I,

p. 59) from dried specimens. As I have a live specimen of the

var. karruoensis before me, I will give a full description of it.

Wnole plant quite glaljrous (with the exception of the throat

of the corolla which is pa})illose). Stem ascending, upright in the

upper I, fleshy, about 5 cm. high, knobby at the scars of the old

leaves, bearing 3 pairs of subrosulate leaves at the apex. Leaves

spathulate, subpetiolate, thick, with a sharp cartilaginous straight

or more or less deltoid edge above, both surfaces dull green with

copious very minute whitish spots, the oldest and lai-gest 4 cm.

long, 2^ cm. broad, 1^ cm. thick. Peduncle terminal, simple,

1'2() .-1 Ihanij Mnsi'inn R/'cards'.

terete, ig cm. long", provided with ;i few sterile, deltoid bracts',.

pseudo-spike evidently injured at the ai)ex and (probably as a

Gonseijuence) compound, bracts small, broadly deltoid, acute.

Flowers shortly pedicelled^ secondary ones almost sessile : buds

green, red-tipped : calyx lobes deltoid, acute, H mm. long", green :

corolla-tube green, subcylindrical, with a very slight convexity

doi'sally, c. 11 mm. long, lobes pale pink with darker centre,

broadly ovate, acuminate, somewhat twisted and gentl) reflexed :

stamens and styles not exceeding the open corolla ; filaments

glabrous, yellowish ; anthei-s oblong, apiculate, pale yellowish :

styles greenish, stigmata small, squamae minute, broadly cuneate,

deeply emarginate above, white.

Ahw B(>i/lfi\ Bak. — One live specimen was contril)uted by

Mr. W. (t. Bennie, B.A. I^, was found on the Untuntloni Mt.,

Tembuland, alt. c. -4,500'. The following notes were taken from

this specimen : Sub-acaulescent ; roots thick, fleshy ; leaves 8, sub-

distichous, c. 17 cm. long, up to 4 cm. broad below, strapshaped

below, tapering gradually in the upper half to a blunt point, apex

dead in the older leaves, margin curved inwards near the apex,

rather soft, fleshy, almost plain on the surface, slightly convex on

the back, faintly but distinctly lineate on both surfaces, glaucous.,

unspotted except at the base, where a few slightly raised irregular

white spots are found on the front and back, marginal prickles

1 — 1^ mm. long, white, not very rigid, very irregular in form and

not evenly distributed, more or less confluent into a horny border.

Peduncle robust, about 25 cm. long, light green, with a low sharp

ridge on one side in the lower portion, otherwise terete, with a

few ovate-acuminate empty bracts : inflorescence dense, corymbose,

bracts ovate-acuminate, membranous, light coloured with dark

veins, c. 1*5 mm. long, pedicels c. 4 cm. long, more or less curved.

Flowers proterandrous, perianth subcylindrical, c. 3 cm. long :

outer petals slightly shorter than the inner and slightly differing

in size amongst themselves, salmon-coloured with darker tips,

inner almost white with keel which is pale salmon-coloured below

and is greeji at the apex. Filaments very slightly longer than

the inner petals, almost white with a yellowish tinge, anthers

oblong, 3 mm. long, pale brick-colouv, style white, eventually

exserted about 5 mm.

Aloe Peg leraf'.^chonl. n. sp.— Acaulescent or with a very

short stem. Leaves about 30 in a dense rosette, glaucous, very

stiff, incurved, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, slightly convex on the

inner, a little more so on the outer surface, outer leaves about 12

A^cw find little hnoicn Phnit.'^. 121

cm. long, ?) cm. broad and 1> mm. thick in the middle, marginal

spines very pointed, white with brown tips (becoming quite brown

in the older leaves), 3-4 mm. long, straight or slightly curved

separated by straight inter-spaces which are 3-9 ram. long, a series

of prickles also on the back in the median line of about one third

of the upper portion and a similar series on the back close to the

left hand margin. Inflorescence about 24 cm high, unbranched,

peduncle about 12 cm. long, provided with a number of empty

broadly deltoid bracts, raceme very dense, multiflowered ; flower-

bearing bracts deflexed lanceolate-acuminate, about 18 mm. long,

membranous, whitish with reddish centre ; flowerbuds red, turn-

ing partly creamy when open. Perianth slightly curved, about

2.4 cm. long, tube short, stamens about 4 cm. long, exserted about

15 mm., filaments yellow below, dark brown in the upper portion,

anthers oblong, yellow ; ovary 9 mm. long, style 3.7 cm. long,

exserted 1.5 cm., lower portion yellowish, upper reddish-brown.

Rocky hill, just outside Rustenburg, Transvaal, alt. 4,100',

Miss Alice Pegler, No. 921, 15th Aug. 1903.

This very distinct new species may be placed near .4. lon-

gistyla, Bak. When sending it. Miss Pegler not inaptly compared

its appearance to a loose cabbage.

Aloe Greatheadii, Schonl. n. sp. — Caulescent. Trunk ascend-

ing 10-12 cm. thick, up to 30 cm. high. Leaves in a terminal

dense rosette, lanceolate, outer about 23 cm. long, G-7 cm. broad

low down and 1 cm. thick, slightly incurved, upper surface nearly

flat, dark shining green, with numerous elongated whitish spots

which, especially in the lower portion, are united into a number

of irregular transverse bands, lower surface unspotted, light green,

with a few small prickles on the outer surface near the tip, mar-

ginal prickles very pointe-l, usually quite straight, brown, separated

by rounded fairly regular interspaces, which are 7-8 mm. long.

Inflorescence 60-120 cm. high, usually branched. Peduncle

glaucous, sub terete, bearing a number of ovate-lanceolate bracts in

the axils of which buds are present, when the terminal raceme is

in flower. Raceme moderately dense, usually about 15 cm. long,

bracts deltoid-accuminate, lower about 15 mm. long, upper gradu-

ally smaller. Pedicels usually nearly twice the length of the

bracts, but some (in the same raceme) only about | their length.

Flowerbuds upright, whitish, with 6 broad longitudinal stripes

which are dark-green above and become pale-reddish lower down.

Open flowers drooping, 3 cm. long ; perianth curved, strongly

constricted above the base, tube a little over half the length of the

122 Albany Museum Records.

perianth ; outer petals, both inside and outside, whitish, witli

broad pale-red median line, inner petals similarly coloured on the

outside, but with yellow margin above and on the inside yellow

with reddish median line ; stamens and style slightly exserted,

filaments yellow, anthers yellowish on the inside, reddish-lu-own

outside.

In flower at Mapellapoede, N. E. Kalahari (18 miles North of

Serowe on the road to Lake N'Gami), Aug. 29th, 1903.

I have pleasure in naming this species after my friend.

Dr. J. B. Greathead, who accompanied me on a trip to the N. E.

Kalahari, and who first called my attention to it.

A. Greatheadii is allied to A. grandideutata, Salm-Dyck,

which, however, does not develope the thick caudex of the formei",

and further has the leaves spotted on both surfaces, the perianth

tube has not such a decided "bulb" at the base, it is scarcely

curved at all, and the stamens and style are more exserted.

Aloe hauiaugivatensis, Schonl. n. sp.--Acaulescent, branching

only underground. Leaves about 12 in a dense rosette, ascending

and gently recurved at the tip, narrow lanceolate, frequently

subensiform in the upper third, 1 cm. broad low down, 30-35 cm.

long (in cultivated specimens, about | this length in wild ones),

c. 1'5 cm. thick in the centre, nearly flat on the innei- surface,

strongly convex on the outer, on both surfaces dark green with

large oblong whitish spots, which are, especially in the lower

portion, more or less confluent and form irregular transverse bands

which are more numerous on the outer than on the inner surface

and vary considerably in different individuals, margin spiny

throughout, and a few small spines also in the median line on the

outer surface near the tip, marginal prickles deltoid-acuminate,

sometimes slightly curved, 2-1 mm. long, white or (in older leaves)

brown at the tip, separated by slightly rounded interspaces of

variable length (3-13 mm.). Inflorescence subterminal, a lax

panicle 140-150 cm. high, unbranched part of the peduncle with-

out empty bracts, 10-50 cm. long subterete, subglaucous, bearing at

wide intervals 1 or 5 branches about 38 cm. long with racemes about

21 cm. long, the bract bearing the first lateral raceme c. 1 cm. long,

sometimes with a few marginal and terminal prickles near the

tip, the upper smaller and quite smooth, all lanceolate, pale green,

longitudinally striate, clasping, floriferous bracts lanceolate-

cuspidate c. 12 mm. long. Flowei-s very laxly but irregulai-ly

distributed, patent or cernuous, pedicels 7-9 mm. long, those of the

Xnv and litth' hnowa Plants. i'l'.S

upper flowers freijueiitly the longest, periaiith 8.1 era. long, very

slightly curved, c. 1 cm. broad at the base and suddenly constricted,

foi-ming a flattened bull), and then gradually widening out again,

tube about | the length of perianth, pale red, faintlj' striped with

darker red on the bulb, lobes with pale red centre which passes

into greenish-red near the tip and with almost white broad wings;

stamens and style exserted about 3 mm. : filaments flattened,

white and broadened at the base, yellow above, anthers oblong,

yellowish-red within, reddish-brown outside : ovary 9 mm. long,

cylindrical, deeply furrowed, style yellow.

In the bitsh on sandy ground a few miles west of Palapye Road

Station in the country of the Bamangwatos. Flowered in Gra-

hamstown, March 1904.

Like the plants which I take to be varieties of A. grandi-

dentata, Salm-Dyck, and which occur at various places in Griqua-

land West, Cape Colony, A. bamangwatenns readily spreads by

means of underground suckers, and thus I found it frequently in

patches of a variable number of individuals. From .4. grandi-

dentata it is easily distinguished by the large "bulb" of the

flower, the longer bracts and shorter pedicels, from .4. Greenii,

Bak., by the smaller, differently spotted leaves, straighter flowers,

shorter pedicels, &c. With .4. Grecnii and A. Greatheadii., Schonl.

it shares the greatly enlarged base of the perianth, but apart from

this the diffei-ences in floral structure pointed out between the

latter and A. grandidentata, Salm-Dyck, also hold good for the

present species.

Androcymhiurn albanense, Schonl. n. sp. (Plate V., Fig 1). —

Corm oblong, about 1 cm. in diameter, tunics firm, dark brown :

underground neck 5-15 mm. long, bearing 5 rather thin foliage

leaves. Leaves more or less horizontal, glabrous, green with white

margin and brownish base, the two outer plicate, ovate-lanceolate,

7-8 cm. long, the inner shorter ovate. Capitulum 2-5 flowei-ed, up

to 15 mm. in diameter ; bracts broadly ovate, more or less folded

round each flower, about 15 mm. long, pedicels thick, about 3 mm.

long. Petals greenish white, about 14 mm. long, claw narrow, a

little longer than the cucullate blade ; stamens about f the length

of the blades of the petals, filaments from a broad base subulate,

reddish brown ; anthers subbasifixed, introrse, connective yellow-

ish, broad, poUensacs dark reddish-brown, pollen yellow ; cai-pels

sharp-angled on the back, ovaries about the same length as the

styles and gradually passing into them, stigmata minute ; capsules

and seeds unknown.

124 Albany Museum Ilecor(U.

Amongst grass, neai- the Brickfields, Graliamstown, alt. c. 2000',

Miss M. Daly and Miss M. Sole, Aug. 1903.

This species has some features in common with A . Piiannoidcs,

Willd., but in the latter the pedicels are |-1 inch long, the stamens

are exserted and the anthers are linear-oblong. It seems, however,

to come close to the incompletely known A. alhiniarginatum ,

Schinz, in which, however, the bracts are ovate-lanceolate, the

claw of the petals is as long as the blade and the stamens as long

as the perianth segments.

On Plate V, fig. 1, a represents a plant in natural size ; h, brae*- (na<^.

size) ; c, petal, front and side view (x 2) ; d, stamen (about x 3) ; e,

gynaecium (x 2).

A ndrocy milium Jongipes, Bak. — With this species I have

identified a plant which appeared in large numbers amongst grass

in the Drostdy grounds, Grahamstown, in Aug. 1903, and which

was collected by Miss M. Daly (No. 472). The following are notes

taken from some of her specimens : —

Corm tunicated, about 20 mm. high and broad, but somewhat

compressed laterally ; underground neck 3.5-4 cm. long, bearing

3-4 sheathing foliage-leaves. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, the

lowest usually 20-30 cm. long, but sometimes reaching a length of

50 cm., 20-22 mm. broad low down, distinctly plicate in the middle,

striate longitudinally, especially on the upper surface, glabrous,

thin, dark green with narrow whitish margin. Capitulum 1-4

flowered, bracts resembling the foliage leaves, but much smaller,

the older tiowers larger than the later ones, pedicels very short.

Petals 11-18 mm. long, white with a rosy tinge, claw slender,

longer than the blade, blade sub-ovate- lanceolate with incurved

edges ; stamens shorter than the blade of the petals, anthers

oblong ; ovaries slender, obliquely oblong, about the same length

as the slender styles and passing gradually into them. Capsules

and seeds not known.

Anacampspros Alston/ i, Schonl. which was described on p. 51

is represented on Plate V, fig. 2.

a — Whole plant in flower, about g natural size (from a photograph).

?'— Stamen (x 2). c— Gynaecium (x 2). rf— Longitudinal section through

the ovary (x 6).

The "Records of the Albany Museum" will be issued at

irregular intervals, as matter for publication is available.

All communications with reference to them should be

addressed to the undersigned.

We hope to be able to present, in a future number,

illustrations of the new genera of Hymenoptera described by

Mr. P. Cameron in the present number.

Dr. S. SCHONLAND,

Director of the Albany Museum,

Grahamstown,

South Africa.

A.'ijLi'JZ-ir.fo

V

<a.-

i/vvvy »

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera from

Dunbroth", Cape Colony.

By p. Camerox.

For the pleasure of describing the following species 1 am

indebted to the Rev. J. A. O'Neil, S.J. , who captured them at Dun-

brody. At his suggestion I have sent this paper to Dr. Schonland for

publication in the " Records of the Albany Museum " as thereby

the descriptions will be easily accessible to South African Entomo-

logists. Many of the species are also to be found in the Albany' district

as I have observed from a collection just sent me by Dr. Schonland.

In addition to the species taken by the Rev. O'Neil I have added

descriptions of two or three taken by Prof. R. Broom.

Ceropalid^.

SchizanopliH!<, gen. nov.

Apex of clypeus with a semicircular incision in the middle.

Labrum bilobate, incised narrowly down the centre. Mandibles

with a long apical and a short subapical tooth. Antenna? situated

clearly above the clj'peus, the Hrd joint long, nearly as long as the

Hrd and 4th united. Transverse median nervure placed shortlj-

beyond the transverse basal. Cubitus in hind wing placed shortly

before the transverse median ; apex of radial cellule triangularly

pointed ; 3rd cubital cellule wide in front. Metathorax postei-iorly

rounded, furrowed in the middle, transversely striated. Pronotum,

with the basal neck, nearly as long as the mesonotum. Claws with

a minute tooth. Wings uniformly fuscous. Front tarsi with long

spines on the outer side.

126 Albany Museum Records.

A genus of Anopliini easily known by the distinctly incised

apex of clypens, cleft labrum, striated median segment and long,

sharply pointed, mandibles,

Sell izfDiopli lis uiolace/pennis, sp. nov.

Dark brick-red ; the apical 6 joints of antennae, an oI)lique mark

on the sides of the ocelli touching the eyes and united to a larger,

somewhat triangular, spot in front of and touching the anterior, a

mark on the pi'opleura?, the mesopleurje, mesosternum, median

segment, the greater part of the ventral surface oi the al)domen,

the base of the 1st and the apices of all the segments, the fore coxae

above and the 4 posterior entirely black ; wings fuscous-violaceous,

metanotum transversely striated ; the middle with a longitudinal

furrow. Female.

Length 18 mm.

Eyes clearly converging above ; malar space very small ; eyes

almost touching the base of the mandibles ; *ooth of mandibles

black ; hinder ocelli separated from the eyes by a greater distance

than they are from each other ; temples nearly as long as the scape

of the antennae, rounded behind ; occiput transverse. Pronotum

large, but shorter than the mesonotum, its sides rounded ; the base

forming a distinct neck ; metanotum clearly longer than it is wide

at the base ; its apex with a gradually rounded slope ; 3rd abscissa

of radius nearly twice the length of the 2nd ; the 1st recurrent

nervure is received near the base of the apical third ; the 2nd

shortly beyond, the middle of the cellule. The inner spur of

calcaria does not reach to the middle of metatarsus ; the underside

of tarsi thickly spined ; the tibiae sparsely spined.

Anojdiusjohannis, sp. nov.

Black, the basal 2 segments of abdomen entirely, and the basal

half of the 3rd, red ; wings fuscous- violaceous ; 3rd cubital cellule

greatly narrowed in front, being there about half the length of

space bounded by 2nd transverse cubital and 2nd recurrent

nervure ; transverse median nervure received distinctly bej'ond

transverse basal ; 1st recurrent nervure received in apical fourth,

the 2nd very shortly behind the middle of cellule ; cubitus in hind

wings almost interstitial, received very shortly behind transverse

median. Female.

Length 17 mm.

1st joint of flagellum not quite so long as the 2nd and 3rd

united. Pronotum longer than mesonotum, its apex broadly

roundly arcuate. Apex of median segment with a rounded slope,

Hymcuojiti'va. 127

its middle slightly hollowed. Temples small, occiput transverse,

margined ; apex of clypeus almost transverse, its sides rounded :

malar space very small. Eyes converging above, separated by

about the length of 1st joint of fiagellum. Long spur of hind

tibiae not quite reaching to the middle of metatarsus : claws with

a subapical tooth.

Anoijliiis OWeili, sp. nov.

Black, red and yellow, the antennae rufous ; legs rufous ; the

foretarsi, almost entu-ely, the middle, except at the apices of the

joints, the basal two-thirds of the basal joint of the hinder and the

base of the 2nd and 3rd narrowly, bright yellow. Head yellow :

the vertex and the centre of the front broadly (the mark slightly

narrowed below) a line slightly dilated at the apex, in the middle

of clypeus, reaching to the base of the apical third, a somewhat

triangular mark on the base of the labrum and the greater part of

the occiput, black. Prothorax red, the pronotum broadly yellow :

the yellow part irregular above, projecting largely into the middle

of the yellow apical part of the mesopleura^, the projection being

black at the apex. Mesonotum black, except for a large yellow

mark, cleft at the base, transverse at the ai)ex. Mesopleura? red,

I)lack at the base, above the oblique furrow. Mesosternum for

the greater part black : median segment rufous : the lateral apical

angles yellow. Abdomen rufous : the base of 1st segment broadly,

its apex narrowly black ; the basal third of 2nd segment, the base

of 3rd, -Ith and 5th segments less broadly — the bands incised in

the middle and the apical broadly — the bands not incised— yellow.

Wings hyaline, tinged with fulvous, the apex from the end of

radius, smoky ; 2nd cubital cellule about one-foui'th longer than

the 3rd which is broad in front ; 2nd transverse cubital nervure

angularly bent backwards below the middle.

This species does not fit into any of Mr. Ashmead's genera,

The cubitus in hind wing is received far beyond the transverse

median : the transverse basal nervui-e interstitial ; malar space

small ; apex of clypeus broadly rounded ; temples short : hind

ocelli separated from eyes bj' about the same distance they are

from each other : median segment with a gradually rounded slope:

its apex transverse, with the sides angled. Mandibles bidentate,

their apical tooth long and stout ; the 1st recurrent nervure is

received near the apex of, the cellule: tibi;B and tarsi spai-sely

spinose ; claws cleft.

Belongs to the group of A. DiitJfijj/cf.us, Sm.

128 Albany Museum Records.

AnopUus (Ferreola?) yradatus, sp. nov.

Black : the legs, except the coxae, trochanters and base of

femora , red ; wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous ; 3rd cubital

cellule in front one third shorter than 2nd ; 1st recurrent nervure

received in apical third ; the 2nd very shortly before middle ;

transverse median nervure in front, wings interstitial ; the long

spur of hind tibiae reaching close to the basal of apical fourth of

metatarsus. Male.

Length 10 mm.

Temples very short ; occiput transverse. Eyes converging

below ; the orbits narrowly lined with pale yellow ; malar space

small, but distinct. Hind ocelli separated from each other by

about the same distance as they are from the eyes. 1st joint of

tiagellum as long as the 2nd. Labrum large, not much shorter than

the clypeus, its apex broadly rounded. Pronotum about two-thirds

of the length of mesonotum. Median segment large, broader at

the base than its length in middle ; the apex roundly, but not

much, incised ; the sides sharply projecting above. First segment

of abdomen broad at the base, nearly as long as the following 2

united. Tibial spines long, the tarsal shorter ; claws with a stout

longish basal tooth.

Looks not unlike A. tibialis, Klug ; in that species the ocelli

are in a triangle ; in the present in a curve. The pronotum is

nearly, if not quite, as long as the mesonotum. The cubitus in

hind wings originates before the transverse median ; claws bifid ;

the basal tooth the shorter and stouter. Head viewed from front

longer than wide. First joint of foretarsi shorter than tibias.

This species has a great resemblance in colouration and form

to AnopUus labialis, and might very well be mistaken for the

male of that species. A. labial is may easily be separated by the

interstitial cubitus in hind wings ; by the 3rd cubital cellule being

more narrowed in front, by the 3rd transverse cubital nervure

being more distincly oblique — roundly curved — and by the

metanotum projecting more laterally at the apex.

AnopUus (Schizosalius ?) melanostomus, sp. nov.

Black ; the front and vertex (except the ocellar region), orbits

(the outer narrowly to the bottom), occiput, prothorax, except the

lower part of the propleurae, mesonotum, scutellum and post-

scutellum, orange-red ; wings dark fuscous-violaceous. Female.

Length 18 mm.

Hymeyioptera. 129

First joint of flagellum not much shorter than the 2nd and

3rd united, the joints brownish below. Occiput transverse ;

temples small. Eyes curved on innerside ; malar space small :

ocelli in a curve, separated from each other by a distinctly greater

distance than they are from the eyes. Antennae clearly separated

from the clypeus, which has the apex transverse, labrum large,

broadly rounded, obliquely depressed. Pronotum nearly as long

as the mesonotum, not much narrowed towards the base ; its apex

broadly rounded. Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct. Scutel-

lum longish, narrowed slightly towards the apex, not much raised.

Median segment not quite so long as the mesonotum, transverse

behind ; a deep furrow in the centre of the apical two-thirds ; its

apex transverse ; apical slope somewhat steep ; the sides distinctly

toothed' at top and bottom. The 2nd cubital cellule is much

narrowed in front, being there the length of the space bounded by

the recurrent and the 2nd transverse cubital nervures, the latter

being straight, oblique ; the others rounded. Transverse basal in

forewings and accessory nervure in hind wings interstitial. Tibial

and tarsal spines short. Claws with a short stout tooth. Radial

cellule short ; apical abscissa of radius oblique, nearly as long as

the basal.

The wings are not much longer than the abdomen ; the

antennas short ; mandibles with a long apical tooth ; the long spur

of hind tibiae reaches to the middle ; malar space small ; apex of

pronotum angularly emarginate ; the sides straight and oblique

from the middle. Front tarsi without a distinct long comb ; the

apices of the joints with stiff bristles. Apex of clypeus sinuate.

The labrum is larger than usual and is Ijroadly depressed in the

middle.

This species fits in, fairly well, with the genus Schizosalius,

Sauss.

Anoplius argenteo-decoratus, sp. nov.

Black, the basal 2 segments of abdomen red ; the whole body

and legs thickly covered with silvery pile, which forms bands on

the abdominal segments ; wings hyaline, the fore darker in tint

than posterior, the apices of both smoky, the former from the end

of radial cellule ; 3rd cubital cellule much narrowed in front,

there half the length of space bounded by 2nd 'recurrent and 3rd

transverse cubital nervures ; 1st and 3rd transverse cubital nervure

obliquely bent in front. Female.

Length 11 mm.

130 Albany Museum Records.

Lower part of front, face and clypeiis densely covered with

silvery pubescence. Eyes roundly curved on inner side, more

converging below than above : hinder ocelli separated from each

other by a less distance than they are from- the eyes. Temples

almost obsolete. Occiput transverse. Apex of ch^peus broadly

rounded. Top pai*t of pronotum slightly shorter than mesonotum,

the whole length longer than it. Median segment furrowed down

the centre : its apex with a steep slope, the sides slightly roundly

projecting : the centre of the slope fuiTOwed. Both the recurrent

nervures are received shortly beyond the middle of cellules ; apical

abscissa of radius oblique, slightly curved upwards. Calcaria and

tarsal spines black ; the long hind spur reaching beyond middle

of metatarsus. The cubitus in hind wings originates beyond the

transverse median ; the transverse basal nervure interstitial ; fore

tarsi with long stiff spines on outer.side ; 1st joint of flagellum

distinctly longer than the 2nd. Claws with a minute tooth near

the base. The metanotum has the apex transverse at the apex :

the middle of the apical slope slightly hollowed ; the sides

rounded ; the base has a narrow but distinct furrow in the middle.

If it were not that the body is densely covered with silvery

pile this species might be included in Arachnophila, Ashm.

AnopUus dunhrodyensis, sp. nov.

Black. Head, pronotum, propleurae, except at bottom,

mesonotum and scutellum, red ; a triangular black mark on the

clypeus, the narrow end above, a mark between the ocelli, a line

along the sides of the mesonotum and a mark in its centre at the

base — the mark broader than long — black; wings uniformly dark

fuscous-violaceous. Female. .

Length 11-12 mm.

Antennae short and stout; the 3rd joint longer than the basal

2 united and not quite so long as the 1th and 5th togethei-. Eyes

parallel ; hinder ocelli separated from each other by about the

same distance they are from the eyes ; apex of clypeus broadly

rounded ; temples short, obliquely rounded ; pro thorax large, nearly

as long as the mesonotum ; its apex with the sides slightlj- obliquely

narrowed towards the centre ; metanotum broader than long, the

apex transverse in the middle, the sides rounded. Apical abscissa

of radius with an oblique slope and slightly curved upwards ; the

3rd cubital cellule much narrowed in front, being there about one-

third of the length of the 2nd ; both its nervures are broadly

Hymenoptera. 131

roundly curved ; 1st recurrent nervure received near base of apical

fourth, the 2nd shortl}', but distinctly beyond the middle ;

accessory nervure in liind wings almost interstitial. Tibial and

tarsal spines long and black.

This is probably a variable species as regards the black marks

on the head and thorax.

Anojjlius lahialis, sp. no v.

Black ; the basal half of the flagellum of antennae, the apex

of the fore femora and the fore tibiae dark red ; the apex of middle

femora, the posterior, except at the base, and the 4 posterior tibiae,

red : wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black ; the 3rd cubital

cellule in front not quite one-fourth shorter than the 2nd ; the 1st

and 3rd transverse cubital nervures roundly curved ; the 3rd more

obliquely bent in front ; 1st recurrent nervure received shortly

beyond, the 2nd almost in middle of cellule ; cubitus in hind

wings originating "before the middle. Male.

Length 7 mm.

Malar space small ; temples very short ; occiput almost

transverse. Eyes slightly converging below ; ocelli separated from

each other by the same distance they are from the eyes ; clypeus

roundly convex, its apex almost transverse. Basal two joints of

flagellum equal in length ; labrum large, its apex broadly rounded:

pronotum nearlj" as long as the mesonotum, rounded in front, its

apex broadly rounded ; metanotum not quite so long as the

mesonotum, its apex slightly roundly incised ; abdomen sessile ;

tibial spines long ; the tarsal shorter and more numerous ; the

long spur of posterior tibiae about two-thirds of the length of the

metatarsus ; claw^s bifid ; the inner claw shorter than outer.

The head is densely covered with long black, the base of the

thorax more sparsely with shorter, hair. The apical abscissa of

radius is slightly curved upwards. Apart from the difference in

size and colour, this species may be known from gradatus by the

cubitus being clearly received before the transverse median, by the

3rd cubital cellule being wider in front compared with the 2nd

and by the eyes not converging in front.

Anojjlius sjnlopus, sp. nov.

Black ; the flagellum of antennae rufous, the 2nd segment of

abdomen red ; there is a white line on the apical half of the hind

tibiae ; wings almost hyaline, the apex infuscated ; head thickly

132 Albany Museum Records.

covered with long white hair ; the thorax and base of legs with

silver}^ pile.

Length 12-14 mm.

Antennae stout, the third joint, if anything longer than Ith ;

temples very short, almost obsolete ; the occiput transverse ; hinder

ocelli separated from each other by a somewhat greater distance

than they are from the eyes ; clypeus roundly convex, its apex

almost transverse ; malar space distinct ; eyes converging below,

large above ; the head becomes gradually wider from the top to

near the base of the antennae ; pronotum as long as mesonotum, it

becomes gradually, but not much, narrowed from the apex to the

base ; its apex arcuate. There is a narrow, but distinct furrow, on

the sides of the mesonotum ; metanotum broader than long ; the

base with a distinct furrow in the centre, which becomes narrowed

towards its apex ; the apex of the segment has a rather steep slope;

its sides project on the upper part, the projection dilated above,

and to a less extent below ; the upper being rounded ; 2nd abscissa

of radius longer than 3rd ; the apical obliquely curved upwards

not very straight ; transverse basal nervure interstitial ; 1st

recurrent nervure received near the base of apical third of cellule ;

the 2nd almost in the centre ; cubitus in hind wings interstitial;

1st and 2nd transverse cubital nervure oblique, straight ; the 3rd

roundly curved ; claws with a median longish tooth ; the long spur

of hind tibiae extends slightly beyond middle of metatarsus ; tibial

spines short, sparse ; abdomen sessile.

In Ashmead's sj-stem this species would come into Tacliy-

2wm2nlus if it were not that the first joint of the tlagellum is not

" very elongate."

Anoplius hirtiscapiis, sp. nov.

Black ; the last dorsal segment white ; densely covered with

silvery pile ; the head and thorax densely with long silvery hair ;

the under side of the antennal scape with longer fuscous hair ;

antennae thick, as long as the thorax, the 3rd and 4th joints equal

in length ; the middle joints slightly produced at their apices

below ; wings clear hyaline, the apex of anterior smoky from the

3rd transverse cubital nervure ; the 2nd abscissa of radius a little

shorter than the 3rd ; both recurrent nervures received shortly

beyond the middle ; the transverse median disanctly beyond the

transverse basal ; the cubitus in hind wings shortly beyond the

transverse median. Male.

Length 11-12 mm.

Hyme7ioptera. 133

Temples short, largely roundly narrowed ; the occiput rounded;

eyes convei-ging above ; hind ocelli sej arated by about the same

distance from each other as they are from the eyes ; apex of

clypeus rounded ; mandibles rufous near the middle ; the sub-

apical tooth stout, longish. rounded at apex. Pronotum not quite

so long as mesonotum ; its apex rounded. Median segment longer

than it is wide at the base, its apex rounded, with an oblique slope

and an impressed line in the centre. Abdominal segments with

broad bands of silvery pile; the 1st segment at base half the width

of apex ; it becomes gradually wider towards the apex. Tarsi

shortly spined ; the hind spurs thick ; the longer one reaching

close to middle of metatarsus ; claws bifid.

The apical abscissa of radius straight, obliquely sloped ; 3rd

cubital cellule large ; its length in front fully half the length of

the length behind ; eyes separated by a short space from the

mandibles. Head in front longer than wide.

Anoplius trichioceplialus, sp. nov.

Black ; the apical two-thirds of hind femora and hind tibias,

red ; a spot on under side of antennal scape, and on the last abdo-

minal segment, white ; wings dark fuscous, the nervures and

stigma black ; the head thickly covered with long, the thorax with

shoi'ter, black hair. Male.

Length 14 mm.

Hab. Pearston (Prof. Robert Broom).

The 3rd and 4th joints of antennae almost equal in length.

Eyes parallel, not converging above or below ; malar space small,

but distinct. Temples short. Occiput transverse. Hinder ocelli

separated from each other by about the same distance as they are from

the eyes. Labrum more shining and bare than the rest of the

head. Pronotum nearly as long as the mesonotum, which has

narrow, shallow, but distinct, lateral furrows. Metanotum nearly

as long as the mesonotum, its apex slightly roundly incised : in

the middle is a narrow impressed line. Tibial and tarsal spines

black, s<out and long ; the long spur of the hind calcaria not quite

two-thirds of the length of metatarsus ; the claws with a stout

basal tooth ; the fore tarsi with short spines, not ciliated.

Transverse basal nervure in fore wings interstitial; cubitus in hind

wings originating beyond the transverse median ; 3rd cubital

cellule in front wing half the length of 2nd ; the 2nd and 3rd

transverse cubital nervures roundly curved ; 2nd recurrent nervure

received almost in the centre of the cellule.

134 Albany Museum Records.

Anojjliiis (Homonofus) spilonotus, sp. nov.

Black, with a bine tint ; the pronotum except for a large mark

in the centre — broad in the middle, obliquely narrowed towards

the base and apex — an irregular, triangular mark — its length more

than the width at the base — in the middle of the mesonotum, the

scutellum aud the upper part of the propleurse^the mark con-

tinuous with that on the pronotum and broadest at the base —

orange-yellow ; the hinder tibiae brownish ; wings uniformly dark

fuscous, highly iridescent, the nervures and stigma black. Male.

Length 10 mm.

Head short, timnsverse behind, rounded in front ; temples

small ; eyes reaching to base of mandibles, converging above ;

ocelli ..... the hinder separated from each other by a

distinctly greater distance than they are from the eyes. Face

depressed, the from projecting over it. Apex of clypeus trans-

verse, the sides rounded. Pronotum slightly longer than the

mesonotum, narrow^ed slightly towards the base ; the apex almost

transverse. Mesonotum and scutellum flat, the latter rounded

behind. Median segment longer than the mesonotum, flat, its

apex slightly, but distinctly, roundly incised, its sides not pro-

jecting much above. Spines on tibiae and tarsi long ; the long

spur of hinder calcaria two-thirds of the length of metatarsus.

Third cubital cellule much narrowed above — about one fourth of

the length of the second ; below, shortly but distinctly, longer

than it ; 1st transverse cubital nervure roundly curved ; the 2nd

straight, oblique ; the 1st recurrent nervure received near the

apex ; the 2nd shortly beyond the middle of the cellule. The

transverse median nervure interstitial ; the cubitus received

shortly- before the transverse median in hind wings. Antennal

scape stout, about 3 times longer than broad, cylindrical, narrowed

at the base, as long as the 1st joint of flagellum, which is, if

anything, longer than the 2nd.

This species has considerable affinity with H. Wasmcinnt,

Brauns., which may be known from it by the pronotum being

"twice so broad behind as it is long in the middle"; and "the

median segment as long as it is broad at the stigmas," while the

pronotum in the present species is broader at the apex than it is

long in the middle and the metanotum shorter than its wadth

at the stigmas.

Eymenoptera. 135

Anoplius (?) ccenoceras, sp. nov.

Black ; the wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous ; head,

antennal scape, and prosternum, thickly covered with long black

hair ; 2nd abscissa of radius about one fourth longer than the

3rd ; 1st recurrent nervure received shortly beyond, the 2nd

shortly before middle of cellule. Antennte as long as the head

and thorax united ; thick ; the 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum

about equal in length ; the base of the middle joints slightly

obliquely incised ; the underside of the 6th to 9th projecting into

a short spine. Occiput rounded, short, the malar space forming

part of the segment of the circle. IMalar space small. Hinder

ocelli separated from the eyes by a slightly gi-eater distance

than they are from each other. Apex of clypeus broadly rounded.

Eyes slightly converging below. Mandibles long, piceous at the

apex ; the apical tooth long, sharp, the subapical small. Median

segment longer than its width at the apex ; it has a fiat, gradually

rounded slope to the apex. Tibite and tarsi minutely spined ; the

4 front claws bifid ; the inner tooth shorter than the outer ; the

hind claw greatly more thickened, larger, curved and with 2

smaller teeth at the apex. Median segment transversely rugose,

thickly covered with short black pubescence ; 1st abdominal

segment longer than 2nd ; at base half the width of apex ; it

becomes gradually wider.

The 1st and 3rd transverse cubital nervures are obliquely bent

in front ; the transverse median nervure is receivf^d beyond the

transverse median ; the cubitus in hind wings originates beyond

the transverse median ; the long spur of hind calcaria reaches to

middle of metatarsus.

This is not an Anopliits as now limited. Probably when the

female is discovered it will be found to be the type of a new genus.

In Ashmead's arrangement it comes near Pompilhius. The long

hair on the head, the short, thick, peculiarly incised middle joints

of antennffi and thick, sharply curved hind claws are 3 noteworthy

charactei's.

Pseudagenia longitarsis, sp. nov.

Black, the antennas, head, the prothorax (except for an

elongated triangular mark on the pleuras and the sternum which

are black) the mesonotum and scutellum dark ferruginous ; legs

red, the 1 front coxffi broadly at the base and the hinder entirely

black ; the hind tarsi infuscated ; wings uniformly dark fuscous-

violaceous. Male.

136 Albany Museum Records.

Length 17 mm.

Third joint of antennae nearly as long as the following 2

united ; eyes distinctly converging above ; ocelli almost in a

triangle ; the hinder separated from the eyes by double the dis-

tance they are from each other ; temi)les broad, one-third the

length of 3rd antennal joint ; obliquely rounded. Clypeus dis-

tinctly roundly convex, its apex broadly rounded ; metanotum

with a gradually rounded slope ; the base closely transversely

striated ; the apex alutaceous ; there is no central furrow ; 2nd

abscissa of radius about one-fourth longer than the 4th ; the 1st

recurrent nervure received near the base of the apical third of the

cellule ; the 2nd in the middle ; cubitus in hind wings received

shortly behind transverse median ; tarsi thickly spinose ; claws

with a short stout tooth in the middle ; the tarsi very long ; the

basal 2 joints of hinder longer than the tibiae. Comes close to

P. rostrata, Grib.

Pseudagenia rohusta, sp. no v.

Black ; the apex of clypeus and labrum, mandibles, basal 6

joints of antennas, femora and tibiae dark red ; wings uniformly

dark fuscous-violaceous. Female.

Length 18 mm.

1st joint of fiagellum as long as the scape and pedicle united

and not much shorter than the 2nd and 3rd united, eyes on inner

side slightly diverging below ; oceUi in a curv^e, the hinder separ-

ated from each other by about the same distance they are from the

eyes ; temples short, roundly narrowed ; apex of clypeus trans-

verse ; malar space minute ; apex of mandibles broad, oblique ;

apex of pronotum broadly rouiided, slightly angled in the middle ;

mesonotum flat at apex ; base of scutellum transverse, raised :

scutellums smooth and shining in the middle ; median segment

clearly longer than wide, opaque, alutaceous, obscurely transversely

striated ; the apical slope sharply striated, the striae clearly separ-

ated ; the base with a distinct, wide furrow down the middle :

pleurae opaque, mesopleural furrow with some keels ; apex of

metanotum with a straight, oblique slope ; first segment of

abdomen distinctly narrowed at the base ; wings short ; the apex

of radius oblique, slightly rounded at the top ; 2nd abscissa of

radius about one-third longer than 2nd ; 1st transverse cubital

nervure broadly, the 2nd less broadly rounded ; the 3rd

obliquely bent at the top, transverse median nervure received dis-

Bymenojjlein. 137

tinctly beyond the transverse basal : cubitus in hind wing received

before the transverse median ; tarsi stoutly spined.

This species looks more like a Salt us or AnopJiv^'s than a

Pseudagenia or Agenia.

Pseudagenia iridipennis, sp. nov.

Length 13 mm.

This species is verj- similar to P. rohu-f^fa ; the two may be

separated thus : —

Legs and an temife black; median segment not furrowed; the cubitus

in kind wings interstitial. Length 13 mm. {iridipennis). Legs

and antennas for the greater part dark red ; metanotum distinctly

furrowed ; the cubitus nervure in hind wings received before

transverse median. Length 18 mm. {rohusta).

Entirely black, except the greater part of Diandibles, and apex

of clyjjeus ; he-ad and thorax opTique, abdomen shining ; eyes

slightly diverging below ; malar space almost absent ; ocelli in a

curve, the hinder separated from each other by about the same

distance they are from the eyes : temples obliquely roundly

narrowed ; apex of clypeus broadly rounded ; median segment

closely transversely striated, the stria? becoming coarser towards

the apex, which is broadly rounded above and laterally. The

segment is clearly longer than it is broad at the base ; second

abscissa of radius about one-third longer than the 3rd ; the 1st and

•3rd transverse cubital nervures are obliquely bent in front, the

latter more sharply than the 1st ; both the recurrent nervures are

received beyond the middle ; the 2nd farther than the 1st ; cubitus

in hind wing interstitial.

Pseudagenia cethiopica^ sp. nov.

Reddish-orange, the mesonotum at the sides of the scutellums,

median segment, pro- and mesopleurfc, the basal half of the 1st

abdominal segment, and the ventral surface in the middle, black :

legs coloured like the body, all the coxae, black ; wings hyaline

slightly suffused with fuscous ; the nervures a^d stigma black :

antenna? coloured like the body. -Male>

Length 10 mm.

Head sparsely covered with pale hairs. Eyes on the inner

border clearly converging above. Ocelli in a black spot, which

projects obliquely beyond them in front and is there incised in

the middle ; the hinder are separated from the eyes by a distinctly

138 . Albany 3Iuseum Record's.

greater distaiice than they are from each other, Clypeus roundlj'

convex ; its apex broadly rounded, the apex depressed, smooth..

Mandibular teeth black. Temples roundly narrowed. Third*

antennas joint as long as the vertex between the eyes and distinctly

longer than the fourth. Palpi pale testaceous. Pronotum behind'

broadly incised ; rounded ; its sides broadly rounded. Metanotum

alutaceous, covered with a silvery pubescence ; indistinctly

furrowed down the middle. The 2nd and 3rd abscissae of the

radius and cubitus equal in length, or almost so ; the 1st i-ecurrent

nervure received shortly beyond the middle : the 2nd at the apex

of the basal third of the cellule.

The metanotum is clearly longer than broad ; the metapleura^

are obscurely striated. Abdomen shorter than the thorax ; apex

of penultimate ventral segment i^oundly incised. The long spur

of the hinder calcaria does not quite reach to the middle of the-

metatarsus and is longer than the 2nd tarsal joint.

The form of colouration shown by this species is, appaj'ently,

common in Africa. The present s}3ecies comes near to P. nigro-

aurantidca, Magr., from which it differs-, inter alia, in the pro-

pleurae and all the coxse being black.

CeropcUes punctulata, sp. nov.

Black ; the lower part of the front including the lower half of

the inner orbits, the outer orbits narrowly, face, clypeus, labrum,,

mandibles, under part of the scape and second joint of antennai

and the 4 front coxae below, bright yellow ; a broad line on the

apex of the pronotum, the apical half of the 1st abdominal segment

and the legs rufous ; the flagellum of the antennae bright rufo-

testaceous; the scape black above ; wings hyaline, the stigma

fuscous in the middle, ihe rest and the nervures black. Male,

Length 8 mm.

Antennae short and thick • the 3rd and -Ith joints equal in

length ; front and vertex strongly punctured, the vertex behind

less closely than the front ; hind ocelli separated from the eyes by

about the same distance they are from each other. Temples short,

rounded. Eyes distinctly converging below ; roundly incised ;

the malar space small. Apex of clypeus slightly roundly incised,

Mesonotum strongly, but not closely punctured ; the part bordering

the furrows (which are distinct) smooth ; the sides of the scutellum

punctured, the centre smooth ; its top marked with yellow in the

centre. Median segment opaque, alutaceous ; a V-shaped depres-

sion at the base in the middle ; its centre is furrowed ; its sides

TJymenoptera. 139

liave an oblique slope : the part on either side of it is irregularly-,

•rftoutly obliquely striated ; the apical slope is sti*aight, oliiique.

Propleurae strongly punctured above in front ; the mesopleurse

less strongly and more regularly punctured except at the apex

below : metapleurae almost smooth. The 2nd abscissa of radius

almost twice the length of the 3id : the 3rd cellule in front about

one third of what it is behind, it being in front the length of the

space bounded by the 2nd recurrent and 2nd transverse cubital

nervures ; the upper part of the 1st transverse cubital nervure is

obliquely bent ; the 2nd is slightly, roundly bent towards the apex

of the wing. Hind coxas black, rufous below ; the upper part on

•fhe outer side with a yellow line.

The genus Geropalei^ appears to be rare in Africa.

SPHEGIDJ5.

Trypoxylon foveatum^ sp. nov.

Black ; the mandibles rufo-testaceous, palpi pale testaceous :

'<;alcaria white : wings hyaline, the anterior with a slight fuscous

tinge and highly iridescent ; the nervures and stigma black :

frontal area large : broadly rounded behind and enclosing the

front ocellus : its apex narrowed to a sharp point, the keels there

slightlj- curved inwardly, head and thorax covered with longish

white pubescence ; abdominal petiole longer than the 2nd and 3rd

segments united : last segment ending in a long, curved, stout

•spine Female.

Length 11 mm.

Eyes distinctly converging below. The frontal area is raised :

its sides have an oblique slope outside the keel : inside it is

depressed towards the centre where there is an impi-essed line.

Eye incision and vertex obscurely punctured ; the face and

clypeus covered with silvery pubescence. Area on metanotum

raised, depressed in the centre which is transversely striated ; its

raised sides rounded ; the paft at its apex depressed : the depres-

sion narrowed and rounded at the apex ; the part at the sides of

the area with a few irregular transverse stride ; the apical slope

140 Albany Musevm Uecordfi.

irregularly transversely striated. Pro- meso- and base of ineta-

l)leurtB smooth ; the rest of metapleurge closely, finel.y obliquely

striated, the top and bottom more strongly than the middle at the

base. Pleural sutures irregularly striated ; there is a round fovea

behind the middle of the mesopleurae ; propleural depression

wide and deep ; it is finely obliquely, but not closely, striated-

Radial cellule elongated, as in T. confratum, Kohl. Malar space

absent. From the angle of the frontal area where it commences^

to narrow, a not very distinct keel runs to the eyes ; the apex of

the clypeus is depressed and bordered behind by a fin^ furrow :

cubitus at its junction with the transverse cubital nervure broadly

rounded, not acute as in T. confratum. Comes near to T. stroudiy.

Grib.

BETHYLID^.

Tanynotus, gen. nov.

Antenna; abotit -lO-jointed, issuing from the front of the heady

where they are widely separated and cover the mouth. Head

flattened, longer than broad, the occiput roundly incised ; the eyes

large, reaching near to the edge of the occiput, and in front, to

near the base of the apical third of the head ; there are no ocelli.

Thoi-ax flattened above ; the prothorax nearly as long as the rest

anited ; it is of equal width throughout ; mesothorax small, wider

than long ; the metathorax nearly three times the length of the

meso-, it is roundly narrowed behind. Abdomen shorter than

the thorax, and broader than it ; flat. Fore femora largely dilated,

as long as the prothoraX, ovate, broadest at the base : the tibia?

are similarly dilated, broadest at the base ; the middle femora are

not much dilated ; the hinder flat, roundly dilated above ; the tarsi

are longer than the tibse.

Belongs, except as regards the large number of joints in the

antenna?, to the Bethylinm. I am not certain about the exact

number of joints, owing to the difficulty of counting them exactl5%

The parapsidal furrows are absent. The form of the mandibles I

am unable to describe, owing to their being hid by the projecting

front of the head. In the known apterous genera of Bethylina'

HifmcHoptera. 141

there are no ocelli, and the eyes are always small ; but here the

eyes are fully larger than they are in the winged genera, than in

e.g. Bethylus. The fore legs, too, are much more swollen than

they are in any of the described genera.

Tanynotus rufithorax, sp. nov.

Black : the greater i)art of the antennae, oral region and thorax

red ; the tibite and tarsi testaceous, smooth, shining, covered with

a white microscopic pile ; the pronotum and metanotum furrowed

down the middle. Scape of antennae thickened, as long as the

following 2 joints united. Apical segments of abdomen dark

testaceous. Antennae as long as the thorax : head almost as long

as the prothorax, behind distinctly wider than it. Antennae as

long as the thorax. Female.

Length nearly 5 mm.

ICHNEUMONID^.

Ichneuinon ruhriornatus, sp. nov.

Black : the flagellum of antennae, petiole, and basal third of

2nd abdominal segment red ; scape of antennae, face, clypeus,

mandibles, palpi, a line on the base of pronotum, tegulaj, tubercles,

the scutellums, metanotum, except at the base, post-petiole, apical

third of 2nd abdominal segment, less than the apical half of the

Ih'd, the band roundly narrowed in the middle, the apical two-

thirds of the 6th segment and the whole of the 7th, bright yellow ;

legs yellow ; the hind coxa3 below, apex of hind femora, of the

hind tibiae more broadly and the apical joints of the hind tarsi,

black ; there is a rufous band in front of the black ring on the

hind tibiae ; wings hyaline : the costa and stigma dark testaceous,

the nervures darker. Male.

Length 12 mm.

Antennae short and thick, distinctly narrowed towards the

apex, in length hardly longer than the abdomen. Head and thorax

thickly covered with short white pubescence ; temples obliquely

narrowed ; front, vertex, face and clypeus closely strongly

punctui-ed ; apex of clypeus transverse, the sides i-ounded ; front

142 Albany Mnspitm Records.

farrowed in the centre. Thorax closely, the metanotum more

rugoselj' punctured ; the keels on the metanotum not very strongly

developed ; the areola square, not clearly deflned behind. The

central part of the petiole and post-petiole raised ; the latter

coarsely punctured ; the other segments are more closely and

regularlj- punctured : gastrocoeli oblique, narrow, the part between

them not striated. Areolet 5-angled ; disco-cubital nervure broken

])y the stump of a nervure. Tarsi pilose beneath, the apices of the

joints spinose.

Eristicus iridipennis, sp. no v.

Black, the eye-orbits narrowly, basal 3 segments of abdomen,

the fore femora except at the base, the apex above, the apical half

of the middle below, the hinder on the inner side, tibia? and tarsi

rufous ; wings fuscous violaceous, the stigma and nervures black.

Female.

Length 9 mm.

Antennae brownish below on the apical half ; the scape obscure

rufous below. Head closely and distinctly punctured and covered

with pale pubescence ; the clypeus is more shining and less closely

punctured. Thorax closely and strongly punctured ; the median

segment more coarsely than the rest ; the scutellum shining,

sparsely punctured. On the median segment the only distinct

area is on the sides of the apical slope. Abdomen shining, the

basal 3 segments minutely punctured ; the 4th and following

segments are obscure rufous at the apex ; the last is broadly

rounded ; the ventral segments largely marked with rufous.

Apices of tarsal joints and of tibial thickly spinose ; the basal joint

of tarsi thickly spinose below ; the outer side of tibiae sparsely

spined.

The wings are highly iridescent ; the areolet is large, 5-angled :

mandibles rufous in the middle ; metanotum obliquely depressed

in the middle at the base ; the sides bordered ; the areola is only

distinctly bordered at the base, and indistinctly laterally at the

base.

Cryptus capensis, sp. nov.

Black ; the abdomen, except at the base of the 1st segment,

the femora, tibise, and tarsi, red ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous-

violaceous tinge, the nervures and stigma black. Female,

Hymcnopti'ra. 14.'>

T^eugcli 13, terebra 4 mm.

Antennae, with joints &-)^, white beneath ; head opaque, closely

punctured, the clypeus more shining and more widely punctured

than the face, which is roundly dilated above in the centre; front

deeply and widely depressed ; the upper two-thirds with a stout

longitudinal keel down the centre ; the rest closely transversely

striated : there is a brownish line on the middle of the inner

orbits. Thorax closely rugose : the apex and the lower part of the

propleurse strongly striated ; the metapleuras more coarsely than

the meso-, the punctuation running into reticulations : the apex of

the meta- stoutly, irregularly, obliquely striated-reticulated.

Scutellum more shining and less closely punctured than the

mesonotum ; its sides stoutly keeled to near the apex, which is

irregularly striated. The part between the 2 metanotal keels is

irregularly reticulated ; the apex is more closely punctured-reticu-

lated ; the tooth on the sides of the basal carina is short, on the

second it is stouter and more distinct ; on the base of the segment,

in the middle, is a small triangular area. Abdomen smooth and

shining. There is a longish stump of a nervure on the disco-

cubital ; the recurrent nervure is received almost in the middle of

the areolet ; transverse basal nervui*e interstitial. The tarsi are

darker coloured than the tibi^ and are closely spined. There is a

distinct keel down the base of the propleurse, extending from the

top to the bottom ; the clypeus is not separated from the face by a

furrow : the labrum and mandibles above, in the middle, rufous :

malar space as long as the antennal scape; the basal metanotal keel

is shai'pl}- projected backward ; the projection is sharply pointed

and is united to the basal area ; metanotal spii-acles small, about

3 times longer than wide ; the metapleurae project into a small

tooth at the apex below.

Allied to C. muricatus, Tosq.

Mesostenus O'Neili, sp. nov.

Rufous, the abdomen of a darker red, its apical 5 segments

white, the breast and lower part of metapleurae black, legs black,

suffused with white : the anterior and the middle tibiae in front

white ; wings clear hyaline; the nervures and stigma black.

Female.

Length 10, terebra 4 mm.

Front below the ocelli irregularly reticulated, keeled down

the centre. Face broadly, roundly projecting in the centre, not

144 Albany Museuin Rpcords.

separated from the face by a farrow, irregularly punctui'ed, the

sides less strongly punctured, the centre of the clypeus with

distinct punctui-es, the sides almost smooth. Mandibles for the

greater part black, a yellow spot at the base above ; the teeth e(|ual

in length. Palpi yellowish. Mesonotum closely punctured, the

outer sides of the middle lobe and the inner and outer sides of the

lateral closely, finely transversely striated. Scutellum si)arsely

punctui-ed on the basal, the apical closely punctured ; the keels

for the greater part yellow. The base of metanotum closely,

irregularly finely reticulated ; the rest much more strongly and

closely reticulated, the apical slope more regularly than the rest,

Propleurse closely punctured and striated above, the lower part, in

the mid<lle, stoutly striated: the meso- and meta- closely reticulatetl

and punctured, the latter more strongly than the former. Basal

3 abdominal segments closely rugosely punctured ; the postpetiole

more coarsely than the rest. Tarsi dark testaceous.

The 2 transverse keels on the metanotum are interrupted in

the middle ; the areolet minute, square, the basal nervure thick,

the apical thin ; the transverse median nervure is received dis-

tinctly behind the transverse basal ; tegulae rufous ; temples

small, obliquely narrowed ; labrum white ; the transverse median

nervure in hind wings is broken far below the middle.

Comes close to M. vulpis, Tosq.

Larpelites, gen. nov.

Front depressed, a keel, projecting into a spine, at its apex, in

the centre. Apex of clypeus depressed, its top indistinctly

separated from the face. Thorax more than three times longer

than wide. Parapsidal furrows distinct for two-thirds of the

length of mesonotum. Scutellum roundly raised, its sides dis-

tinctly keeled to beyond the middle. Metanotum with 2 transverse

keels, the sides spined. Ai-eolet moderately large, narrowed at

the base, the recurrent nervure received near the apex ; transverse

median nervure received shortly behind the transverse basal :

transverse median nervure in hind wings angularly broken shortly

l)elow the middle. Front tarsi about twice the length of tibiae ;

claws small. Abdominal petiole long and slender, gradually

widened to the apex. Metapleural keel reaching to the hind

coxae.

The eyes do not reach to the base of the clypeus, the malar

space being therefore large ; the temples large, obliquely narrowed ;

H>/mriii)pff'rn. 145

tliere is an area on the centre of metanotum at the l);ise : tlie

metathoracic spiracles small, longish oval ; there are no thyridia ;

there is an oblique keel on the projileurae : there are <S dorsal

abdominal segments : there are no distinct eerci. Maiulihles

l)identate.

Comes nearest to Lis/rogitafJins To this genns probably

belongs Mesostetiiis sfridfifrons^ Hrulh'", from the Caue of Ciood

Hope.

LarpeJites ruficoUiti, sp. nov.

Black, the prothorax. mesonotum with scutellums, the meso-

pleurse from shortly below the middle, red : a band on the ui)per

side of the middle of antennae, a narrow line on the apex of tht*

penultimate and on the last segment above, white ; legs black, tlie

4 anterior femora and tibi« dull testaceous in front : wings

hyaline, the ai)ex infnscated, the nervure.s and stigma l)laek.

Female.

Length 10 mm. : terebra 4 mm.

The ocellar region and the upper part of the front bearing

large, round, clearly separated punctures ; the frontal spine in

front becomes gradually lengthened to the apex, which is sharply

pointed. Face and upper part of clypeus closely and distinctly

punctured, the punctures in the centre almost forming reticula-

tions ; the depressed apex of the clypeus and the labrum smooth

and shining. Mandibles opaque and punctured at the base, the

rest smooth and shining. Palpi dai-k testaceous. Pro- and meso-

tliorax closely and strongly punctured ; the base of the metanotum

is similarly, the rest of it more strongly rugosely, punctured.

Scutellar keels stout, extending to the middle. Post scutellum

smooth and shining. Abdomen smooth, the apical segments moi-e

shining.

PimpJa shawi, sj). nov.

Black, the face, clj'peus, the lower half of outer orbits, man-

dibles to near the teeth and 4 front legs, yellowish-fulvous : wings

yellowish-hyaline, the apex from the base of the stigraia fuscous,

with a large yellowish-hj-aline cloud extending from the apex of

the stigma to near the middle of the apical abscissa of radius and

extending to shortly beyond the sub-discoidal nervui-e, where it

becomes obliquely narrowed, and touching the outer side of the

apex of the recurrent nervure : the apex of the hind wings fuscous.

14() Alhrnty Mus-eum Rt'coirh.

Tile stigmal cloud has the anterior half narrower than the posterior

and is irregularlj- narrowed in the centre. Female.

Length 12 mm. : tei-ebra 11 mm.

Hab. Grahamstown.

Antennae black : head smooth and shining : the temples

i-ounded, not obliquely narrowed ; face 1>laekish in the centre

a1)ove ; it is separated fi'om the face by a distinct transverse

f iiri'ow, which has a fovea on either side of the middle ; clypeus

semicircularly depressed in the middle : its centre roundly incised,

the sides roundly lobed. Thorax smooth and shining ; the

parapsidal furrows distinct at the base only : the sides of the

median segment sparsely punctured ; abdominal segments closely,

sti-ongly punctured, the 1st not so closely as the othei-s and the

apical less strongly ; the apices of all the segments are smooth and

shining. The upper half of the metapleurte sparsely punctured.

Wings large ; the areolet oblique : the nervures unite in front ; the

recurrent nervure is roundly curved, and is received near the base

of the apical third ; the disco-cubital nervure is broken by a large

stump of a nervure. Tegula3 luteous Tarsi covered with stiff

pubescence, which is fulvous on the hind pair : the apices of the

joints spinose ; the hinder calcaria pale.

Comes near to P. crocata, Tosq. The species is named after

my old schoolmaster. Dr. John Shaw of Colesl)erg.

Piinpla sj)//(>asj//s, sp. nov.

Black; the abdomen and legs ferruginous ; a Ijroad band on

the pronotum, tegulse, scutellum from near the base, the m^rk

roundly narrowed there, post-scutellum, and a mark, longer than

broad, on either side of the apex of metanotum, white. Wings

clear hyaline, the nervures and stigma black, the areolet narrowed

in front, the nervures uniting there, recurrent nervure received

shortly beyond the middle : transverse median nervure almost

interstitial : transverse median nervure in hind wing broken about

halfway between the middle and top. Female and Male.

Length 9-10, terebra 3 mm.

Face closely and strongly punctured : clypeus smooth, its

lower part rufo-testaceous. Mandibles closely punctured, the

teeth smooth. Palpi black. Pro- and mesothorax closely and

uniformly punctui-ed : metanotum closely transversely, finely

striated, the stria? more or less curved ; the punctuation on the

Hymenoptera. 147

metapleurse is closer and finer than on the mesopleurse. All the

coxae are black ; the hind femora are of a darker red ; the hind

tibiae and tarsi are blackish. Abdomen closelj- and distinctly

punctured, except the base of the 1st segment which is smooth

and bears 2 small shining tubercles above : the depressions on the

back are indistinct.

Male distinctly coloured ; the fore tibiae and tarsi are white

in front ; the 1 front femora have a white mark on the apex in

front, their tibiae and tarsi blackish.

Lissonota curvilineata, sp. nov.

Black; the face, except for a black line in the middle,

clypeus, mandibles, except at apex, eye orbits (the inner more

broadly than outer), the greater part of prothorax, a U-shaped

mark, dilated laterally at the base, on the basal two-thirds of the

mesonotum ; 2 longish lines on the sites of the scutellum, extend-

ing shortly beyond the middle, a narrow transverse one on its

apex, a similar line on the post-scutellum, the apex of the metano-

tum, the mark dilated backwards in the middle, tegulae, tubercles

and a curved line on the lower part of the mesopleurse, pale

yellow. Legs rufous, the front coxae and trochanters, the middle

trochanters below, middle coxae and the base of all the tibiae

narrowly, pale yellow. The sides of the 1st abdominal segment

at the base, its apex and the apices of the 2nd to 1th narrowly,

yellow. Wings hyaline, the apex smoky ; areolet with the pedicle

as long as the lower branches, which are roundly curved. Head

and thorax closely punctured, the thorax much more strongly

than the head and the median segment than the mesothorax.

Abdomen smooth. The hind tibiae and tarsi blackish.

Lissonota africana, sp. nov.

Rufous ; the head yellow, its occiput rufous, the vertex and

front bi'oadly black in the middle, a rufous line, dilated gradually

to the apex, on the centre of face and top of clypeus, darker at the

apex ; labrum dull rufous. Antennae black, the scape dull below.

On the mesonotum are two lines, expanded outwardly at the base

and reaching near to the scutellum, which is yellow, with a rufous

line on its basal two-thirds : post-scutellum, a line on the apical

two-thirds of the metanotum in the centre, united to a broader

transverse one on the apex, the greater part of the pronotum,

tegulas, tubercles, a broad band below them, which is continued

148 Albany Museum Records.

obliquely on the lowerside to the apex of the mesopleurae, where

it is narrowed below at the apex, a mark below the hind wing and

a mark, longer than broad, and narrowest behind, on the apex of

the metapleurge, and the apices of the basal 4 abdominal segments

narrowly, yellow. Legs coloured like the body, the fore coxae and

ti'ochanters, the greater part of the outerside and the apex below

of the middle coxae, yellow. Wings clear hyaline, the apex

smoky ; pedicle of areolet about twice the length of the inner lower

nervure. Sutures of thorax black ; the parts at the base and sides

of scutellum, a transverse mark on the apex of the metanotum in

the centre ; the apex of the pro- and base of mesopleurae, the top

of the latter more broadly, the line dilated downwards near the

apex, the pleural and sternal sutures, black. Head and thorax

closely and distinctly punctured. The traneverse median nervure

is received very shortly beyond the transverse basal, almost inter-

stitial. The metathorax is more strongly punctured than the rest

of the thorax ; the hind tarsi are black. Mandibles black, the

base broadly white. The amount of black and yellow on the head

and thorax probably varies.

Metopius erythroinis, sp. nov.

Black ; the head, except the occiput, yellow, suffused with

red ; the edge of the pronotum broadly, a large mark, rounded

behind and below on the base of the mesopleurae, scutellum, its

keels, the sides of the apical slope of the metanotum and the apex

of the metapleuraj, red, as are also the sides and apex of the 1st

abdominal segment, and the two apical entn-elj^ ; the apices of the

2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments yellow, the lines narrowed in the

middle ; legs red, the front coxae black ; wings hyaline, the apical

half of the radial cellule and the whole of the 3rd cubital fuscous-

violaceous. Female.

Length 12 mm.

Clypeus closely punctured, its tops and sides depressed, its

apex broadly rounded ; labrum pale yellow, smooth. Mandibles

red, black at apex. Palpi red. Thorax closely punctured ; a

smooth shining spot on the sides of the metanotum and on the

upper part of the apex of the mesopleurae. Scutellum sparselj-

punctured, the punctures large ; its lateral keels large, roundly

curved, largely projecting beyond the central part of the apex,

which is almost transverse. Post-scutellum closely punctured. On

the centre of the metanotum are two curved keels ; on the apical

slope are two straight, less widely separated, keels ; on either side

Hymennptera. 140

of the basal area is a smooth depression, rounded at the apex.

Pleurae and sternum covered with white pubescence ; the red

apex of metapleurae striated ; the lower part of the meso- is

furrowed. First segment of abdomen with large, widely separated

punctures ; the base with 2 widely separated keels ; the sides at

the apex smooth ; the other segments are closely, strongly and

regularly punctured : the punctuation being weaker gradually to

the apical. The large rhomboidal areolet is shortly appendiculated

and receives the recurrent nervure shortly behind the middle ; the

stigma pale testaceous ; the transverse median nervure is received

shortly in front of the transverse basal ; tegulee red ; the transverse

median nervure in hind wings broken above the middle. Basal

joints of antennae red : the rest are broken off. First, second,

third, fourth and sixth segments are longer than l:)road ; the 5th

almost square.

This is a Metopius s. str.

BRACONID^.

Iphicmlax capensis, sp. nov.

Rufo-testaceous, the front, vertex, occiput, upper half of outer

eye orbits and antennae, black ; palpi blackish, thickly covered

with long white hair ; apex of mandibles black : there is a short

black line on the top of the face in the centre, wings dark fuscous ;

the basal two-thirds of stigma ochraceous ; a curved, oblique

hyaline cloud, narrowed below in the 1st cubital cellule, extending

below into the discoidal cellule ; and there is a small hyaline

cloud on either side of the 2nd transverse cubital nervure, the

larger cloud on the outerside. Female.

Length 14-15, terebra 20 mm.

Antennae stout, shorter than the bodj^ ; the scape about 4

times longer than wide, shining, sparsely covered with black hair ;

the 3rd and 4th joints equal in length. Face coarsely rugosely

punctured, sparsely covered with black hair ; the clypeus smooth.

Front deeply depressed, its sides raised ; the centre with a deep

furrow ; the orbits lined with luteous to near the top of the eyes.

loO Albany Museum Record fi.

Temples broad, rounded behind. Thorax smooth and shining ;

the furrows fine. Abdomen nearly twice the length of the thorax.

First segment of abdomen about one fourth longer than broad at

the apex, smooth, the apex irregularly striated ; 2nd, cird, and 4th

segments with their furrows closely longitudinally striated : the

area on 2nd segment is large, slightly longer than broad, rounded

broadly at the apex and irregularly striated ; it is surrounded by a

broad striated belt, the striae on the sides being oblique, and on

the outer side bounded by a smooth keel ; the lateral depression

is almost smooth at the base, it apex obliquely striated. Apical

abscissa of radius about equal in length to the basal two united ;

recurrent nervure received in the apex of the 1st cubital cellule.

Tarsi darker coloured than the rest of the legs ; pilose below : the

apices of the joints spinose.

Ipliiaulax hasimacula, sp, nov.

Black, the abdomen, except for a square mark in the centre of

its 1st segment, red ; wings uniformly dark fuscous, the base of

the stigma pale orange. Female.

Length 8, terebra 3 mm.

Antennae longer than the body ; the scape thickly covered

with stiff black hair, of equal width, about 3 times longer than

wide ; 2nd joint minute, narrowed, red ; the 3rd slightly longer

than the 4th. Face thickly covered with long black hair, smooth ;

clypeus, small ; oral opening large, almost transverse in the middle

above ; the malar space moderately large, as long as the 3rd

antennal joint ; it has a large rufous mark. Palpi black, covered

with long white hair. Thorax smooth and shining ; scutellum

roundly convex ; middle lobe of mesonotum slightly raised ;

parapsidal furrows indicated as fine lines. 3rd abscissa of radius

longer than the 1st and 2nd united ; the 1st abscissa of cubitus

straight, oblique. Abdomen broad, ovate, as long as the head and

thorax united ; 1st segment as long as its width at the apex, its

central part closely, finely longitudinally striated ; the depressed

sides irregularly obliquely striated ; 2nd to 5th segments closely

rugosely punctured and irregularly striated ; the 3 transverse

furrows are wide and deep, closely, strongly striated ; there is no

area on the base of 2nd segment ; its sides at the base are largely

depressed ; the sides of the 5th are roundly dilated at the apex.

The eyes are not so large as usual ; temples wide, slightly

obliquely narrowed : occiput transverse ; fore tibiae as long as the

Hi/menoptera. 151

basal 3 joints of tarsi. There is a pale narrow cloud in the 1st

cubital cellule, and a wider, shorter one beyond it in the discoidal

cellule. Front with a deep, opaque furrow extending from the

antennae to near the apex.

Allied to /. natalensis, Szep.

Tphinula.v clann^, sj). nov.

Ferruginous : the front half of vertex, the posterior part of

front, the band roundly dilated in the middle, the antennae and

apex of mandibles, black ; wings light fuscous, the 1st cubital

cellule almost hyaline; the basal two-thirds of the stigma pale

ochraceous; the costa and nervures black. Female.

Length 6, terebra 1 mm.

Face covered with white pubescence, irregularly wrinkled.

Scape of antennae covered with white hair, shining, about 3 times

longer than broad, narrowed towards the base : 3rd joint narrowed

at the base, slightly longer than the 4th. Abdomen broadly oval,

fully longer than the head and thorax united : the raised central

part coarsely, irregularly, longitudinally striated, with finer,

irregular transverse striae ; its sides depressed, almost smooth,

pale yellow and bordered outwardly, the keel with an oblique,

straight slope at the base and tuberculated outwards above ; the

sides, outside this, are depressed, pale yellow, broad at the apex.

The central part of the 2nd segment is square, bounded laterally

by a straight keel ; the basal area is large, longer than broad,

obliquely narrowed at the apex, smooth and shining : the sides

are closely striated, the striae more curved and clearly separated at

the base than at the apex ; the 3rd, -4th and 5th segments are

closely, longitudinally striated, the apices of the segments smooth:

transverse furrows wide, deep and closely striated. Apical seg-

ments smooth, pale yellow. The 3rd abscissa of radius as long as

the basal 2 united ; the recurrent nervure received in apex of 1st

cubital cellule.

Tphinula.r ruhnlineofi's, sp. nov.

Black; the lower part of the face on the sides, oral region,

malar space on the sides and apex rufo-testaceous ; thorax rufous:

2 narrow lines on the 2nd abdominal segment, bordering the area

and extending from the base to the apex, suturiform articulation,

except in the centre ; the following 2 furrows in the centre, a

152 Albany Musetim Record.^.

ha.nd down the centre of the 3rd and 4th segments and the base of

the oth in the centre, rufous. Wings dark fuscous : the stigma,

except at the base, ochraceous ; a hyaline cloud in the 1st cubital

cellule, extended into the discoidal cellule, and one on either side

of the base of the radial nervure in the hind wings. Female.

Length 18, terebra 22 mm.

AntennaB shorter than the body, stout ; the scape about 4 times

longer than wide, thickly covered with long black hair. Face

coarsely, rugosely punctured, sparsely covered with long black

hair, Mesonotum flat behind. The apex of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and

4th alidomiual segments closely, longitudinally striated ; the area

on the 2nd segment is large, closely longitudinally striated, and

becomes gradually narrowed to a sharp point ; its bordering

depressions are stoutly obliquely striated ; the lateral apical

depressions are obliquely striated. The 3rd abscissa of radius is

nearly as long as the basal 2 united ; the recurrent nervure is

received in the apex of the 1st cubital cellule. Basal two joints of

fore tarsi as long as the tibiae.

tphiaula.r ruhrinervis, sp. nov.

Vermilion-red ; antennae, the front and vertex, except along

the orbits narrowly, occiput, a broad mark on the centre of

mesonotum, extending from its base to the middle, a longer,

narrower one on the sides extending from near the base to the

apex, an obscure mark on the base of scutellum a mark, longer

than broad, on either side of the centre of the base of metanotum,

followed by a thinner one of the same length on the outer side of

the apex, presternum, mesosternum, a broad line on the centre of

mesopleurae, on the apical two-thirds, a mark, longer than broad,

on the apex above it, and a somewhat pyriform mark near the

apex below it, black. Wings fuscous ; the base to the transverse

Imsal nervure fuscous-hyaline, the 1st cubital cellule and a cloud

in front of the recvirrent nervure, extending to the opposite side

of the wings, hj^aline ; and the basal two-thirds of the hind wings

are greyish in front ; the costa and stigma and the basal half of

the costal nervure in the hind wings are rufous. Legs coloured

like the body ; the hinder tarsi from the apex of the 1st joint

blackish. Female.

Length 13j mm.

Antennae longer than the body, its scape fully twice longer

T^ymenoptcra. 153

than broad. Head smooth and shining, the face thickly covered

with long white hair ; temples 1)i-oad, slightly, roundly obliquely

narrowed ; front with an oblique slope, furrowed in the centre :

tips of mandibles black : palpi pale red, thickly covered with

white hair. Thorax smooth and shining : the pleune, breast and

metanotum thickly covered with white hair. Abdomen distinctly

broader than the thorax, as long as it and the head united : the

raised central part of the 1st segment with 4 stout longitudinal

stria? ; the depressed lateral part smooth, wide : the 2nd to 5th

segments are coarsely, closely rugosely punctured, their furrows

deep and crenulated, wider and cui-ved at the sides ; there is no

area on the base of 2nd segment, which is irregularly longitudi-

nally striated ; the 3rd to 5th are smooth laterally at the base : the

5th has the apex produced at the sides. The 3rd abscissa of the

radius is longer than the basal two united ; the 2nd transverse

cubital nervure is bordered by a nari'ow hyaline cloud : the basal

lobe of mesonotum is hardly raised : the scape of antennae is

pi'oduced into a short, sharp tooth at the apex below.

My only example wants the ovipositor. The species is related

to I. pictus, Be, and /. incisus. Be.

IpjJiiaulax (fthiopicus, sp. nov.

Black ; oral region, mandibles, the greater part of malar

space, apical half of fore femora, tibiae and tarsi, yellow ; wings

yellowish-hyaline, the apices of both fuscous, the anterior from

the apex of the stigma, the stigma and nervures yellow. Female.

Length 13, terebra 24 mm;

Front and vertex smooth and shining : the former deeply

furrowed down the middle ; face rugosely punctured, irregularly

reticulated ; the sides bordered by a keel. Clypeus depressed in

the middle, flat, the sides raised. Palpi i-ufo-testaceous, thickly

covered with white hair ; the apical joint of maxillarj' black.

Thorax smooth and shining ; the mesonotum fiat. Abdomen

twice the length of the head and thorax united ; the basal 4 seg-

ments closely, coarsely longitudinally striated ; the 2 basal longer

than wide ; the 3rd and 4th almost scjuare ; the basal half of 1st

roundly convex ; the 2nd with a longish, almost smooth depression

on the sides near the apex ; the 4th with a less distinct depression.

There is no area on the base of the 2nd segment ; on its base is a

small smooth space, dilated obliquely in the middle.

1,")4 AlhfDiy 3Iusefifn Records.

Legs and antenn.e thickly covered with stiff black pubescence :

the middle lobe of mesonotum raised, but the furrows not dis-

tinctly defined throughout ; calcaria and tarsal spines testaceous ;

the recurrent nervure is not quite interstitial ; the 3rd abscissa of

radius slightly shorter than i2nd.

Iphiaulax odontoscapux, sp. nov.

Lengtli 10, terebra 5 mm.

This species agrees in colouration with /. (ethiopicus, but is

much smaller ; its ovipositor is only half the length of the body ;

the striation on the basal 4 abdominal segments is finer and closer,

the oral region, front legs, and palpi are entirely black, the 2nd

abdominal segment is broader than long, as are also the 3rd and

4tli, not longer than broad ; the abdomen is shorter compared

with the thorax ; its middle is distinctly broader than the thorax,

and more distinctly narrowed towards the base and apex ; there is

no area on the base of the 2nd segment ; the apical cloud in the

fore wings is of the same size, but is straight, not dilated back-

wards in the middle as in the larger species ; the face is less

strongly rugosely punctured, and the apex of the scape of antennae

projects into a; distinct stout spine.

This species appears to be closely related to I. luctuosus, Be.

but it may be known from it by the 2nd abdominal segment, not

having a smooth triangular plate at the base.

Iphiaulax 12-fasciatus, sp. nov.

Rufous : the antennae, head, pronotum, mesonotum with

scutellum, the lower part of propleurae and mesopleurae largely

from close to the bottom, black ; wings fuscous, a large hyaline

cloud in the centre of the costal and median cellules, an irregular

one extending from the stigma to the opposite side of the wing,

where it is narrowed, a small one at the outerside of the 2nd

transverse cubital nervure, a cloud at the base of the hind wings,

a larger obli(iue behind, and a wider, more oblique one beyond the

middle ; the stigma yellow at the base. Female.

Length 12, terebra 17 mm.

Front and vertex smooth, the middle of front deeply depressed,

flat, the centre furrowed ; the sides broadly, roundly raised ; face

i-ugose, irregularly reticulated, its sides depressed ; the oral region

and mandibles, except at apex, rufous ; palpi covered with white

hair, rufous, black at base. Face sparsely covered with long white

Hymenoptera. 155

hair. Thorax smooth and shining ; the mesonotum flat, its apex

flat and transverse ; there is a narrow furrow in the centre of the

metanotam. Basal 2 segments of abdomen longer than broad ;

the area on <he 2nd segment triangular, its greatest length more

than its width at the base ; it is sharply pointed, smooth, except

for a few irregular strias in the centre ; it is sun^ounded by a broad

border of stout striae ; the lateral part has a triangular band of

oblique, irregular striae at the apex. Suturiform articu ation

broad, deep, stoutly striated, beyond it the segment is irregularly

longitudinally striated ; the 3rd segment is closely, irregularly

striated, except at the sides and apex ; the 4th has a broad striated

band in the middle, the sides at the base and the apex being

smooth. Recurrent nervure received distinctly behind the trans-

verse cubital. Temples large, not obliquely narrowed, broadly

rounded behind. Thorax as long as the basal 3 abdom.inal seg-

ments, the abdomen being longish and of the width of the thorax.

Legs slender ; the front tarsi twice the length of the tibiae.

Iphiaidax hicolor^ Be.

Mr. O'Neil sends from Dunbrody a species which appears to

be the Bracon hicolor, Be. It agrees with the description, except

that it has got the hind tibiae from near the base and the hind

tarsi black, while from the description these are coloured like the

rest of the legs. In the figure, however, (pi. 43, f. 3) these are

certainly shown darker coloured than the rest of the legs.

Acanthobracon nigromaculata, sp. nov.

Ferruginous ; the centre of vertex broadly, the mark slightly

narrowed behind, — the mark continued to the antennae, from

which it is expanded to the eyes, mandibles, antennae, the greater

part of the pronotum, a mark on the sides of middle lobe of

mesonotum, a larger, broader one on the basal two-thirds of lateral

lobes and a mark behind the upper part of the eyes, black; wings

fuscous, the costal cellule, the 1st cubital cellule and the part below

it, almost hyaline ; the nervures and stigma black. Female.

Length 11, terebra 5 mm.

Front and vertex smooth aod shining ; front depressed ; the

anterior ocellus in the depression ; in its centre is a keel which

becomes higher, almost spinose at the apex. Face irregularly

punctured, almost rugose; the clypeus finely rugose, raised, clearly

separated, rounded above. Pro- and mesothorax ; propleural

156 Alhany Museum Records.

furrow irregularly striated; mesopleural furrow smooth; metano-

tum, except the apex laterally, closely reticulated and with a keel

down the centre; metapleurae irregularly rugose at the base. First

abdominal segment closely, distinctly punctured, its sides at the

base and apex smooth ; the sides with some irregular striae ; 2nd

segment closely longitudinally striated ; suturiform articulation

roundly curved; at the sides is a curved furrow, which is broad

and striated at the base, at the apex it is produced laterally, the

whole forming a broadly oval area ; its apex is smooth, as are also

the apices of the following 2 segments their base being closely

striated. The whole abdomen is thickly covered with short white

pubescence. The upper spine on the hind coxae is curved, thin,

reaching shortly beyond the middle of the 1st abdominal segment ;

the lower one is about half its length and thicker and straighter.

Palpi fuscous. The 3rd abscissa of radius is twice the length of

the 1st and 2nd united; the 1st is very short; the transverse cubital

nervures are straight and parallel.

Basal joints of antennae thickly covered with short stiff black

pile, the 3rd joint longer than the 1st ; temples wide, rounded,

tarsi spinose ; base of fore femora distinctly narrowed ; the part

of the thorax in front of the tegulse is as long as that behind.

Exothecus tibialis^ sp nov.

Luteous, the 3rd and following segments of the abdomen,

antennae and hind tibiae, calcaria and tarsi, black ; wings fuscous,

the base to near the transverse median nervure, the fore half of

1st cubital cellule, a small one below the 1st transverse cubital

nervure and one on either side of the 2nd, and the hind wings to

near the middle, yellow. Female.

Length 15, terebra 10 mm.

Smooth and shining; the head, pleurae and metanotum thickly

covered with longish pale pubescence ; apex of clypeus obliquely

depressed ; mandibles black at apex ; the front hollowed, furrowed

in the middle, the sides of the furrow raised ; mesonotum not

lobed; the 1st abdominal segment, longer than 2nd, about 3 times

longer than wide ; the middle broadly roundly convex, its sides

furrowed; the 2nd with an area which reaches to the base of the

apical third, which is distinctly narrowed and with the segment

depressed on either side.

Hymenopter'a. 157

Megalommum Jlavomaculatum, sp. no v.

Testaceous : antennae, mesonotum, except for a yellow mark,

with straight base and sides on the apical two-thirds, scutellum,

middle of metanotnm, lower part of propleurae, mesopleura?,

except for a triangular yellow mark below the tegulae, mesosternum

and the greater part of metapleurae, black. Wings hyaline to near

the stigma, whei'e there is an irregular cloud on both sides of the

transverse basal nervure ; a fuscous mark in the centre of the 2nd

discoidal cellule, one beyond it and the apex from the commence-

ment of the radius ; nervures and stigma yellow ; the parastigma,

apex and base of stigma black.

Length 9, terebra 3 mm.

Face coriaceous ; the rest smooth and shining ; the vertex

more of a paler yellow colour than the face ; tips of mandibles

black. Malar space as long as the pedicle of antennae. Eyes large,

distinctly incised on the inner side opposite the antennae. Temples

roundly narrowed, short. Abdomen smooth, as long as the head

and thorax united ; 1st segment nearly as long as the 2nd and

3rd united ; it becomes gradually wider to the apex ; the plate on

the 2nd segment is large, triangular, its apex produced to near the

apex ; the parts surrounding it are depressed and striated stoutlj' ;

suturiform articulation crenulated; it is the only furrow. Wings

long ; the radius is curved downwards at the base and upwards at

the apex ; the apical abscissa is longer than the basal two united ;

2nd discoidal cellule large, longer than wide, transverse at base,

rounded at apex ; the cubitus is roundly curved at the base ; the

recurrent nervure is received in the apex of the 1st cubital cellule,

Xanthomicrodus, gen. nov.

Inner spur of hind tibiae reaching beyond middle of meta-

tarsus. First cubital and discoidal cellules confluent ; areolet

triangular, the basal nervure straight, oblique, the outer roundly

curved, and without a stump of a nervure ; subdiscoidal nervure

in hind wings originating at the middle of discoidal nervure,

where there is a completely closed basal cellule ; this, with the

praebrachial nervure, being the only transverse nervure ; the

radius and cubitus extend to the apex of the wing : the transverse

basal and anal nervure in fore wings interstitial. Parapsidal

furrows distinct; uniting at the apex of mesonotum. Scutellums

keeled laterally. Median segment regularly areolated. Claws

simple. Malar space moderately large ; apical tooth of mandibles

153 Albany Museum Records.

sharplj" pointed. Occiput margined ; mesopleural tubercles large,

bordered below by a stout keel ;- the furrow is smooth, wide,

shallow. Abdomen smooth and shining ; the 1st segment as long

as the 2nd and 3rd united. Ocelli large. Palpi normal.

Comes near to Crassomicrodus.

Xanthomicrodus iridipennis, sp. nov.

Luteous, antennae black, wings hyaline, highly iridescent, the

costa and stigma black, the nerviu-es testaceous. Male.

Length 7 mm.

Antennae longer than the body, the scape covered sparsely

with long pale hair ; the flagellum densely with stiff black

pubescence. Face punctured, thickly covered with white

pubescence ; an oblique furrow runs from between the ocelli.

Mesonotum closely punctured ; the furrows deep, smooth ; the

pubescence thick, fuscous. Post-scutellum with a furrow down

the middle. The central basal area of metanotum is clearly

defined, longish, its base sharply pointed, reaching to the apex of

the basal depression; its apex transverse reaching to the top of

basal slope ; there are 2 are^e on its sides, the lower sharply pointed

on the outer side ; there are 5 large areae on the apical slope ; the

spiracular area is large, clearly defined. Legs thickly covered

with pale pubescence.

Microdus bipustulatus, sp. nov.

Black, shining ; pro- and mesothorax and 4 front legs rufous;

the clypeal, foveae, palpi and mandibles, except at the apex, of a

duller red ; wings uniformly fuscous-violaceous, with black

nervures and stigma. Male.

Length 11 mm.

Face and clypeus closely and somewhat strongly punctured ;

thickly covered with black pubescence ; a curved furrow with a

raised border on its outer side, runs from the hinder ocelli. Middle

lobe of mesonotum largely raised. Scutellum with a keel on the

base and apex ; the apical higher and more curved than the basal.

Post-scutellum depressed, its sides bordered, and there is a keel

in the middle. Metanotum obliquely, deeply depressed at the

base ; the basal central area is wider than long, transverse at the

apex, the base slightly, obliquely dilated at the middle ; it is

'Bymenojdn^a. 159

bordered by a longer, narrow area, which, at the apex, extends

beyond it : the apical slope forms one area, which is squarely

narrowed at the base to the size of the basal one. Pleurge smooth;

there are 6 depressions, bordered by stout keels on the lower side

of the meso- ; the penultimate is as long as the preceding 2 united.

Legs densely pilose; the areolet is almost square ; the stump of a

nervure on the 2nd transverse cubital is at the base.

EVANIID.E.

Gasteruption dunhrfxhjense, sp. nov.

Rufo-ferruginous ; the front, greater part of vertex, greater

part of thorax above, a large triangular mark (the nai-rowed part

below) on the base of mesopleuras, the greater part of their apex

below, the metapleura?, except narrowly at the base and apex,

metanotum, greater part of metapleurse and the apical segments of

the abdomen above, black. Legs similarly coloured : the hind

tibife broadly white at the base below. Wings clear hyaline.

Antennae dark rufous^ the basal 4 joints black. Female,

Length 13, terebra 14 mm.

Antennae short, stout ; the 3rd joint as long as the scape and

pedicle united ; the 4th slightly longer than the 3rd. Malar space

as long as the pedicle of antennae ; the middle of clypeus separated

from the face by a distinct furrow. Temples long, roundly

narrowed to the vertex, which is almost transverse. Pronotum

longer than its width at the apex. Mesothorax irregularly rugose,

its base rounded ; the apical depression of mesopleurae striated,

except above the middle ; metanotum ii-regularly transversely

i-eticulated, its centre with a raised longitudinal line. The whole

thorax is thickly covered with silvery pubescence. The 4 anterior

tibite and tarsi are white in front. Hind coxa3 smooth. Hind

ocelli separated by the length of antennal scape. Hind ocelli

placed distinctly behind the eyes.

Comes near to G. punctnlaUan : that species may be sepai-ated

l)y the hind ocelli being placed in front of the hinder edge of tha

eyes, by the shorter temples and shorter 3rd joint of antennne.

160 Albany Museum Records.

CYNIPIDI^E.

Anachar aides, gen nov.

Scntellum large, obliqviely raised from the base to the apex :

on the apical three-fourths is a depression, rounded behind, bor-

dered by a distinct keel, the apex with a semi-circular depression,

the basal foveae large, separated from the mesonotum by a trans-

verse keel ; parapsidal furrows distinct, except at the apex. Post-

scutellum with a triangular area — the narrow part at the base — in

the centre, the keels bounding it smooth and shining. Aletanotum

with 2 widely separated keels in the centre. Abdominal petiole

as long as the hind coxae. Radial cellule open at fore margin

and at the base ; the basal abscissa of radius broadly rounded, not

clearly separated from the subcostal nervure. Temples sharply

mtargined, striated.

The peculiar shape of the scutelium forms a well-marked

feature with this genus of Anacharime.

Anacharoides striaticeps, sp, nov.

Black ; the head for the greater part piceous ; the antenna?

yellowish-testaceous ; the vertex finely rugose, bordeied by a keel

which runs from the anterior ocellus. Pronotum large, dark

rufous ; propleurae closely, minutely, indistinctly, obliquely

striated. There is an oblique furrow on the mesopleura?, running

from the hind wings to the lower base of the wing ; the part above

this and the metapleurtfi rugosely punctured. Median segment

alutaceous, covered with a white pubescence. Legs black, the

joints piceous ; the 4 front tarsi testaceous. Wings clear hyaline,

the nervures pale testaceous-yellow ; the margins of both wings

shortly ciliated. Female.

Length 3 mm.

Pearston, South Africa. Prof. Robert Broom, C.M.Z.S.

Temples narrowed above, stoutly, closely striated, except close

to the eyes ; occiput striated closely, the striae curved.

Hymenoptera. 1*^1

On the Hymenoptera of the Albany 'Mnsenm, Grahanistown,

South Africa,

By p. CAMERON.

FIRST PAPER.

Dr. Schonland, the Director of the Albany Museum, Grahams-

town, South Africa, having sent me the Hymenoptera contained in

the Museum under his charge for the purpose of examination and

description, I intend in this series of papers to describe the new

genera and species.

THYNNID^E.

Odontofhynnus^ gen. nov.

Apex of clypeus bidentate. Eyes slightly incised on inner

side, reaching to the base of mandibles, which are stoutly biden-

tate. Temples long. Occiput broadly rounded. Antennae stout,

as long as the thorax ; the .^rd joint shorter than the 4th. Radial

cellule long ; there are 4 cubital cellules ; the 1st transverse cubital

nervure broken below the middle by the stump of a nervure :

transverse median .nervure received shortly behind the transverse

basal ; transverse cubital nervure in hind wings broken above the

middle. Legs short and stout ; hind claws simple ; the fore cleft:

hind tibiae serrate. Abdomen sessile, flattish, broad above :

pygidium bluntly rounded ; the hypopygium projecting bej'ond

it, its apex bluntly rounded.

The maxillary palpi are G ; the labial 4-jointed : the pronotum

in the centre is as long as the mesonotum which has distinct

parapsidal furrows ; scutellum large, not much raised above the

mesonotum ; post-scutellum clearly separated from it. Median

segment large, rounded behind ; the metapleurjc keeled 1)elow.

162 Albany Museum Records.

The 3rd cuhital cellule in front is twice the length of the 2nd.

Abdomen not much longer than the head and thorax united-

Body black, pilose.

The exact systematic position of this genus can only be satis-

factorily settled when the, no doubt apterous, female has been

discovered. Possibly it may form, the type of a new sub-family,

which might be defined by the toothed apex of clypeus, bidentate

mandibles, serrate tibiae, longish metathorax, by the basal 2

abdominal ventral segments not being separated by the 2nd pro-

jecting straight or obliquely downwards, and by the absence of a

curved spine on the apex of the abdomen.

OdontothytDius bidentata, sp. no v.

Black, densely covered with white pubescence : the lower

half of the inner eye orbits narrowly above,— more widely in the

centre — face, clypeus, base of mandibles, the base and outer side

of the 4 front tibiae, the spurs and tarsi and the base of the hind

tibiae, and a broad band on the apex of the pronotum, pale yellow.

Front and vertex closely, distinctly, and uniformly punctured,

opaque ; the part behind the ocelli more shining and sparsely

punctured, densely covered with long white pubescence ; the

clypeus with the pubescence longer. Middle of mandibles piceous^

their apex black. Palpi black, the apical joints testaceous. Thorax

closely, strongly punctured, opaque, the apex shining, more

sparsely punctured. Abdomen opaque, shagreened, the apices of

the segments smooth and shining. Hind tai-si tinged with rufous.

The 1st recurrent nervure is received shortly, but distinctly

behind, the 2nd shortly beyond the middle of the cellule.

Antennae opaque, almost bare. The face at the eyes above ends in

a short rounded tooth, and there is a less distinct one on the lower

side. The wings have a distinct fuscous-violaceous tinge, with

black stigma and nervures ; the 3rd cubital cellule is not much

wider in front than behind.

Length 11-12 mm.

Grahamstown, Miss Sole. Martindale, Mr. Barnes.

Odontothynnus lacteipennis, sp. no v.

Length 10 mm. Male.

Grahamstown. September : Misses Daly and Sole.

Eymenoplrm. 163

This species is closely related to O. hidentafus from which it

may be known as follows : —

Costa and nei-vures white, the wings clear lacteoiis hyaline, 3rd

cubital cellule distinctly narrowed behind, the recurrent nervure

received in the middle ; 1st transverse cubital nervure straight,

oblique above, flacteijiennisj.

Costa and nervures black, the wings hyaline, the apical half fuscous

violaceous; 3rd cubital cellule not narrowed behind, receiving the

recurrent nervure clearly behind the middle ; 1st transverse cubital

nei"vure rounded above, fhidentatiisj.

The 3rd transveree cubital nervnre is roundly curved ; the

1st has not a stump of a nervure where it commences to bend

towards the apex of the wing ; the yellow band on the pronotum

is triangularly incised in the centre ; the punctuation on the head

and thorax is stronger, closer, less distinct, more rugose ; the tibiai

iire more broadly marked with black. As in the larger species

there is a yellow mark behind the top of the eyes.

CYNlPlDiE, ENCOILIN^.

Bothrochacis, gen. nov.

Male. Antenna} longer than the bod}', l;5-jointed, the joints

elongated. Scutellum pyramidal, rising obliquely from the base

and apex to the top, the basal sloi)e the longer, its centre raised,

narrowed at the base, becoming gradually wider to the top ; the

cup-like depression is placed on the top of the apical slope.

Parapsidal furrows absent. Metanotum with 2 stout keels in the

centre. Lower part of mesopleurse bordered by a keel, above

which is an impressed line. Radial cellule open along fore

margin.

The wings are long, bare, their margin not ciliated ; the

antennal joints 4 or 5 times longer than wide, the 3rd and 4th

equal in length, the last longer than the preceding. Scutellar

foveae large, longer than wide, rounded at the base ; the alar

nervm-es are thicker than usual. The stout outer partition border-

164 Albany Museum Records.

ing the scutellar depression has a hyaline, oval spot in the centre,

or it may be a hole.

The female of this genus I do not know ; but the male may

be readily known from any of the described genera by the

pyramidal scutellum, raised in the centre, with the cup-shaped

depression on the apical slope and not visible from above.

Bothrochacis erythropoda, sp. nov.

Black, smooth and shining ; the flagellum of antennae dark

red ; the legs and abdomen of a clearer, brighter red ; the wings

dark smoky to the areolet (which is open below) ; the radial

cellule clear hyaline, the nervures black ; the basal abscissa of

radius straight, two-thirds of the length of apical, which is roundly

curved ; a curved, thick spurious nervure extends backwards to

the transverse basal nervure ; the cubitus faint, thin, not extending

much beyond the middle. Abdominal hair fringe dark white.

Legs sparsely covered with white hair. Male.

Length 4 mm.

Grahamstown. November : Misses Daly and Sole.

BRACONID^.

Iphiaulax soJew, sp. nov.

Vermillion-red ; the head, except the face, oral region, inner

orbits, the outer except for an oblique mark below the middle,

lower half of the propleurse, a large mark on the mesopleurfe,

rounded at the base and. apex and with its basal half obliquely

dilated upwards and a large mark in the centre of the metapleurue,

black ; wings almost uniformly dark fuscous ; costal and the 1st

cubital cellule paler ; the costa and stigma black. Female.

Length 9 ; terebra 2 mm.

Grahamstown : Misses Daly and Sole.

Antennae stouter than usual . Front not much depressed ; its

furrow wide and deep. Maxillary palpi testaceous. Central area

Hymenoptera. 165

of 1st abdominal segment with a straight stout central and a

thinner, more irregular keel on either side of it ; the lateral

depression is bordered on the outer side by a stout keel ; the 2nd

is longitudinally striated, more strongly and irregularly in the

centre ; the basal keel not clearly defined ; the basal two furrows

are wide, moderately deep ; the 3rd is narrower; all are closely

striated ; the 3rd, 1th and 5th segments have furrows, obscurely

striated, on the apex, that on the 5th being the wider.

Iphiaulax whitei, sp. nov.

Vermilion-red ; the antennae, occiput, front and vertex,

except narrowly along the eyes, the face to the clypeal depression,

the upper three-fourths of the temples, the upper edge of the pro-

thorax, narrowly in the centre, more broadly on the sides, tegulae,

an oblique mark immediately below them, the greater part of the

ventral surface of the abdomen and more or less of the 3rd and

1th dorsal transverse furrows, black. Wings fuscous, the greater

part of the 1st cubital cellule and the base of discoidal cellule

almost hyaline ; the base of the wings paler than the apex ; the

costa and stigma coloured like the body. Male and female.

Length 13 mm. ; terebra 1 mm.

Brak"Kloof Farm. March : Mrs. G. White.

Front and vertex smooth, shining, not much depressed

furrowed in the middle ; face sparsely punctured ; there are 2

lai-ge dull red spots immediately below the antennae ; the occiput

covered with long black, the face with shorter fuscous, hair.

Thorax smooth and shining; parapsidal furrows indistinct. Central

lobe of petiole with stout, clearly separated longitudinal stride,

which do not reach to the apex, which, as well as the sides, are

smooth ; the 2nd, 3rd, and 1th segments are closely, strongly

longitudinally striated, their furrows more strongly striated, with

the striae more widely separated ; the 5th segment is obscurely

striated on the basal half ; the others smooth ; the last is paler

coloured ; its basal half becomes gradually, roundly narrowed;

the apical much narrower. There is no area on the base of the

2nd segment, but the 2nd is there more stoutly striated. The

nervures in the hind wings are black.

Iphiaulax spilonotus, sp. nov.

Vermilion-red, the head, except for 2 marks below the

antennae, the oral region and the inner orbits narrowly ; the apex

1()6 Albany Museum Records.

of the pronotiim narrowlj^ the upper part of the propleur^, the

mark largely dilated at the apex and curved downwards, the lower

edge and the prosternum a large mark, longer than broad, on the

apical half of mesonotum, its sides joined to the base by a narrow

line, an irregular mark reaching near to the apex and dilated at

the base, on the sides of the metanotum, the mesopleurae at the

base above behind the oblique furrow, a large, longish mark,

wide at the apex in the centre and a line along the upper half of

the base of the metapleui-ae, black. Wings fuscous, paler below

the stigma ; the costa and stigma red ; the nervures black ; the

recurrent nervure is received distinctly in front of the transverse

cubital nervure, not interstitial. Male.

Length 9 mm.

Brak Kloof. January ; Mrs. G. White.

Front and vertex smooth and shining, the former not depressed,

furrowed in the middle ; antennal tubercles rufous ; face

shagreened. Mandibles rufous, broadly black at the apex ; palpi

blackish, the apical joint of the maxillary, testaceous. Parapsidal

furrows obsolete. The middle lobe of 1st abdominal segment

irregularly longitudinally striated ; the sides closely striated at thf'

base ; the 2nd and Hrd segments strongly, closely striated ; the

centre of the 2nd is raised at the base, the basal part widest and it

is more closely striated ; the 4th and 5th are shagreened in the

middle ; the suturiform articulation wide, deep, tha other 2 furrows

are narrower, especially in tiie centre ; the sides at all the furrows

are raised and smooth ; there are narrow, striated furrows on all

the segments at the apex. Tarsi paler than the tibiae, their apex

fuscous. The alar nervures black ; the base of the cubitus pale ;

there is a black mark on the base of the tegulae.

Exothecus spilopterus, sp. nov.

Rufous, smooth and shining ; the antennas, the hind tibiae

from near the base and the hind tarsi black ; wings yellowish-

hyaline ; the apex of the costal cellule, the preediscoidal cellule

except for a small spot near the lower part of the transverse basal

nervure, and a longer, narrow one along the lower part of the

basal abscissa of the cubitus, an irregular cloud extending from

the base of the stigma to the base of the radius across the wing, a

slightly narrower cloud on either side of the 2nd transverse cubital

nervure, extending on to the radial cellule, where it is oblique and

roundly narrowed in front and behind slightly beyond the cubitus;

Hymennptera. 167

a cloud in the centre of the pobrachial cellnle, the apex of the

hind wings, their apical mai-gin nai-i'owly, a bi^oad irregular cloud

in the middle, not reaching to the base and a shorter, narrower one

between it and the base on the apical half of the wings, fuscous ;

the nervure and stigma yellow on the uncoloured parts of the

wings. Female.

Length 13 ; terebra 13 mm.

Grahamstown. November : Dr. H. Becker.

Abdomen smooth and shining ; the keel on base of 2nd

segpient, not clearly separated, broad at the base, becoming gradu-

ally narrowed to the apex, reaching to the middle of the segment ;

its sides with a deep curved furrow reaching near to the apex; the

3rd segment with a shallow oblique furrow on the sides at the

base.

Exothecus ccqjensis, sp. nov.

Length 15 mm. Male.

Hab. Knysna. April : R, M. Lightfoot.

This species is identical in colouration with E. tibialis ; it

may be easily known by the structure of the abdomen ; the raised

part of the 1st abdominal segment becomes distinctly narrowed

towards the base and there is a narrow furrow down the centre

near the apex ; the dilated part of the keel on the 2nd segment

does not reach to the middle ; there is a similar keel on the 3rd, a

less distinct one on the 4th, and a furrow on the basal half of the

5th; the space bordering all the keels is depressed. The lateral

furrows on the 2nd segment is wide and reaches near to the apex ;

there are oblique furrows on the sides of the 3rd, 4th and 5th

segments at the base ; the furrows become gradually shorter ; that

on the 3rd reaching to the middle of the segment. Apex of

clypeus obliquely depressed. Temples roundly obliquely nar-

rowed, as long as the antennal scape. The transverse median

nervure is received nearer the transverse basal than it is in

E. tibialis.

Exothecus canaliculatus, sp, nov.

Length 18-21 mm. Male and Female.

Brak Kloof. January : Mrs. G. White.

This species is similar in the colouration of the body, antennas

Ifi8 Alhany Museicm Records.

and legs to K. tibialis, but is a larger and stouter species. In'

tibialis the transverse median nervure has a more distinct slope,

and as a consequence the podiscoidal cellule is wider in front,

which is not the case with the pi^esent species ; the occiput is not

transvei'se as it is in tibialis, but is broadly, roundly incised ; the

abdomen is broader, more dilated in the middle ; the apex of the

clypeus projects more at the base and more especially at the apex,

the centre therefore appearing more depressed ; the hyaline spot&

in the wings are larger ; the 1st cubital cellule is almost entirely

hyaline ; there is a large cloud, longer than broad, dilated at the

base, and extending beyond the middle of the cellule &n the outer

side of the recurrent nervure and continuous with the cloud in

the 1st cubital cellule and may be continued to the apex of the

wing, or separated from a spot at the outer edge ; the cloud at the

the 2nd recurrent nervure is large and is continued beyond the

cubitus ; the keel on the 2nd abdominal segment is united to the

raised lateral lobe and without a distinct depression. There is a

distinct oblique depression on the sides of the 3rd and 4th seg-

ments ; in hJ. tibialis on the 3rd only,

Trichiobracon rufus, sp. nov.

Rufous, the vertex, front, face immediately below the antennae,

the outer orbits to the bottom of the eyes and antennas, black ;

wings fuscous, the costal cellule in front, the 1st cubital cellule

except for a triangular cloud at the apex in front, a triangular

cloud in the apex of the 1st discoidal cellule and a larger, more

irregular one in front of the recurrent nervure, the greater part of

the costal cellule in front and a large cloud shortly beyond the

middle, hyaline ; the stigma and the nervures, except in the

hyaline parts, black. Body covered thickly with white pubescence.

Female,

Length 12, terebra 7 mm,

Martin dale. April : Barnes.

Antennae covered with a black pile, thickest and longest at

the base. Face and clypeus rugosely punctured ; the lower inner

orbits punctured ; the depressed front furrowed in the middle.

Mandibles, except at the base, and palpi black. Pro- and meso-

thorax smooth ; the sutures sti'iated ; the furrow on the propleura?

with stout keels ; their lower part closely, strongly, irregularly

striated ; the 2nd less strongly striated ; the furrow surrounding

the raised central part at the base wide, and with distinct, clearly

Uymenupterd. 169

se]mrated oblique stTiae ; the curved apical furrow more strongly

•striated than the central portion ; the apical 3 segments are smooth;

the middle finely, closely striated except at the apex. Second

cubital cellule longer than wide, of equal width throughout ; in

length not quite double the length af the 1st abscissa of the radius-

"The 2 spines on the hind coxae are large and stout ; the basal

stouter and twice the length of the apical.

TricMohracon maciili/irms, sp. nov.

Luteous, the antenna3, the centre of the front of the antennae

•and the hind tibiae and tarsi black ; the fore wings to the trans-

verse basal nervure, the base of the 1st cubital cellule, an irregular

mark, broader than long near the base of the 3^rd cubital cellule,

and a square one at the base of the anal nervure, yellowish-

hyaline ; the rest dark fuscous ; the hind wings yellowish-hyaline

to the transverse praibrachial nervure, beyond that dark fuscous.

Male,

Length 13 mm.

Martindale. April : Barnes.

Antennae as long as the body ; the scape thickly, the basal

joints of flagellum sparsely covered with long hairs. Face strongly

punctured, the clypeus more closely punctured, clearly sepai-ated,

roundly convex. Mesonotum sparsely punctured ; its depressed

apex with 2 keels which converge at the apex, having a straight

keel on the outer side and with some transverse ones inside.

Scutellar depressions large, with 4 stout keels in the centre.

Median segment sparsely punctured. The basal 3 segments of the

abdomen are irregularly longitudinally striated, as is also, to a less

extent, the basal half of the ith ; the suturiform articulation and

a narrow transverse furrow at the base of the 4th and 5th segments

are closely transversely striated. The head, thorax, base of abdomen

are thickly covered with long hair ; the basal tooth on the hind

coxae is long, stout and curved ; in front of it is a short, stout one:

the 3rd abscissa of radius is longer than the basal 2 united.

Schonlandella, gen. nov.

Eyes large, parallel, hairy. Malar space distinct, occiput not

margined, transverse. Clypeus separated from the face, its apex

transverse, shortly bituberculate in the middle. Fore wings with

3 cubital cellules ; the 2nd transverse cubital nervure hyaline :

170 Albany Museum Records.

the apical abscissa long, roundly curved upwards ; the recurrent

nervure received near in the apex of the 1st cubital cellule ; the

transverse median near the base of the discoidal. Stigma large.

The radius and cubitus in the hind wings extend to the apex, the

transverse discoidal nervure is interstitial, the radial cellule divided

in two by an oblique nerve behind the middle ; the median

discoidal absent ; there is an axillary cellule. Middle lobe of

mesonotum clearly separated, not reaching to the scutellum ;

parapsidal furrows deep. Post-scutellum depressed ; bounded

behind by a curved furrow. Median segment rugose ; there is a

large area in its centre, wide in the middle, gradually narrowed to

the base and apex ; this is bounded by 2 large areas. Abdomen

short, broad, bluntly broadly rounded at the apex ; sheaths of

ovipositor short, broad. Legs stout, short ; claws small, simple ;

calcaria fully half the length of metatarsus. Antennae stout,

shorter than the body. The temples are broad, roundly dilated,

projecting beyond the eyes ; the pterostigma large, the radius

dilated at its base. There are 7 abdominal segments. Radial

cellule long and narrow, extending to the apex of the wing ; the

radius originates shortly beyond the middle of the stigma. Second

cubital cellule large, as wide at the base as at the apex. There is a

large curved furrow on the lower apical half of the mesopleurse,

which is wide at the base, becoming gradually narrowed to the

apex. The systematic position of this genus is not very clear.

The shape of the mouth removes it from the large division of the

Cyclostomi. Of the PolymorpM it reminds one of the Oi)Midce.

It differs from all known Braconidffi in having 2 radial cellules in

the hind wingp, a character which is sufficient to make it the type

of a new tribe. That character with the hairy eyes, tuberculated

clypeus and roundly curved upwards radius make it an easily

recognised genus.

Schonlandella nigromaculata, sp. nov.

Rufo-luteous ; the antennas, vertex, front, except near the

eyes, the middle Lobe of mesonotum except near the apex, the

greater part of the lateral lobes, base of scutellum, the base of

metanotum, a large mark on the apex of mesopleurae, dilated for-

wards at the base below, and backwards at the apex (but to a less

extent compared with the base), the base of metapleurse, sternum,

apex of abdomen above, coxae, trochanters and 4 hinder tarsi,

black ; wings fuscous, the stigma and nervures black. Female.

Hymenoptera. i71

Length 5 mm.

Hab., Museum Grounds, Grahamstown.

Smooth, shining, almost bare. Scutellum bifoveate at the

base. The area on metanotum smooth, its base acutely narrowed

to a point, the apex not so strongly narrowed and rounded ; there

is an indistinct transverse keel in the middle ; the rest of the

metanotura rugose.

Schdtilandella trrmaciilafa, sp, now

Length 5 mm. Female.

Hab., Grahamstown.

This species may be separated from S. nigromncnia as follows:

Pleurae, steraum, base of metanotum, and base of legs black ;

wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black- fnigy'omacuhitaj.

Mesosternum only black ; the wings almost hyaline, the nervures

testaceous, ftrimaculataj.

The middle lobe of mesonotum is entirely black and the

lateral for the greater part ; the colour of the body wants the

reddish tint of nigromacuUita, it being jellowish testaceous ; the

legs are similarly coloured with only the apex of the hind tibise

and the hind tarsi black ; the area on the metanotum has not the

basal keels so clearly defined ; the vertex is black • the black mark

on the front becomes gradually narrowed towards the base of the

antennae ; the 2nd transverse cubital nervure is pale.

SchdnlcwdeUa nigricnJJis, sp. hov.

Black, thickly covered with a white down ; the abdomen,

except the apical segment, and the legs, except the coxae and the

posterior tarsi, rufo-luteous ; wings fuscous, paler at the base, the

costa and base of stigma luteous, the rest and the nervures black.

Female.

Length 6 mm.

Museum Grounds, xi. '01, Grahamstown.

Antennae Stout, 33-jointed, covered with a microscopic down.

Parapsidal furrows closely striated, more strongly towards the

apex. Scutellar depression closely, stoutly striated, as is also the

depression at the sides of the post-scutellum. Median segment

opaque, closely rugose. Tibiae and tarsi densely, shortly pilose.

172 Albany Museum Records.

Centre of basal segment raised, narrowed at the base, clearly

separated.

Mesaagathis, gen, no v.

Malar space large, bnt not quite so long as the eyes, the face

not much narrowed ])elow ; apex of clypeus broad, transverse ;

the face broadly raised in the middle, foveate laterally at the apex;

the labrum large, broadly rounded at the apex. Front not exca-

vated. Occiput roundlj^ incised. Radial cellule short, not reach-

ing to the middle of the apical part of the margin ; 1st cubital

and 1st discoidal cellules confluent ; areolet almost square ;

transverse basal nervare interstitial. Hind wings with a closed

discoidal cellule. Foreclaws cleft. Calcaria very short. Apex of

median segment transverse, the sides slightly roundly projecting:

in the centre is a large area which extends to the top of the apical

slope ; beneath it is a small, broader than long area ; the sides are

margined ; the spiracles moderately large and long.

The trophi are elongated ; the maxillary palpi 5-jointed; the

parapsidal furrows distinct, the middle lobe of mesonotum clearly

separated. Abdomen (in male) sessile, shorter than the thorax.

Legs stout, the metatarsus as long as the following 3 joints united.

Mandibles curved, longish, edentate. Scape of antennae fully 3

times longer than thick, nai rowed at the base. Apex of scutellum

transverse, margined.

The malar space is not quite so long, nor so much narrowed

below as in the typical Agathidini, but it is longer than in the

typical Micrudini. In some respects it approaches Disophrys, but

the hollowed front with keels separates that genus.

Mesoag<fthis fuscipennis, sp. nov.

Black, shining ; the legs red ; all the coxge, trochanters, apex

of hind tibiae and hind tarsi black ; wings dark fuscous, iridescent^

the nervures and stigma black. Male.

Length 7-8 mm.

Grahamstown, November : Misses Daly and Sole.

Antennae as long as the body. Face and clypeus thickly, the

i-est of the head sparsely covered with long white hair ; the raised

central part of the front bordered on the outer side by a stout

keel ; in the centre is a naiTower keel. Pro- and mesothorax

shining ; their pleurae thickly covered with white pubescence ;

Hymenoptera. \1\\

the rounded apex of the middle lobe of mesonotum with stout

striae. Scutellum roundlj' convex, sparsely punctured. Area on

metanotum with some stout, irregular keels, its sides irregulavlj-

rugosely punctured, more strongly at the apex than at the base.

The curved depression on the lower part of the mesopleurae has

some irregular keels ; the metapleurae coarsely punctured, almost

reticulated. Legs densely pilose ; their hind coxae not much

lengthened. The temples are rounded, not narrowed.

Apanteles basimacula, sp. nov.

Black ', the basal 2 segments of abdomen whitish testaceous,

the 4 front legs testaceous, tinged with fulvous, their coxa3 black ;

the hind legs black, a band, slightly longer than the black base,

close to the base of the hind tibiae and the calcariae whitish

testaceous, the tarsi for the greater part testaceous ; wings clear

hyaline, the nervures black ; antennae dark testaceous, darker

towards the apex. Male.

Length 4 mm.

Museum Grounds, Grahamstown. November : Misses Daly

and Sole.

First abdominal segment slightly, but distinctly longer than

its width at the apex, becoming gradually, slightly wider towards

the apex, slightly longer than the 2nd, which is again slightly

longer than the 3rd ; the basal 3 segments with a smooth, slightly

raised line down the centre ; alutaceous ; the other segments

smooth and shining, Palpi testaceous. Pro- and mesonotum

alutaceous, almost punctured; metanotum. rugulose, stoutly keeled

down the centre; on the sides at the apex are 2 short keels, the

outer straight, the inner curved. Pro- and mesopleurae closely

punctured, the apex of the former and a large spot on the apex of

the latter in the centre smooth and shining ; the metapleurse

rugosely punctured, with a smooth space on the upper half at the

base. The basal abscissa of radius, the 1st (and only) transverse

cubital nervure, the cubitus beyond the latter (this part separated

from the basal branch by a bulla) are thickened, the other parts

faint and narrow ; the radius from the areolet narrow and faint.

Antennae longer than the body ; hind spurs white.

Apanteles maculitarsis, sp. nov.

Black, the basal half of the ventral surface of abdomen

174 Albany Museum Records.

testaceous ; legs testaceous, with a fulvous tinge, the 4 posterior

coxae black, the apex of the hind tibiae, and the apices of the

hinder tarsal joints broadly fuscous-black ; wings clear hyaline,

the stigma and nervures fuscous. Female,

Length 3 mm.

Grahamstown. January : Miss Page.

Ist abdominal segment as broad as long, its sides testaceous^

the 2nd not quite so long as it and clearly shorter than the 3rd ,-

all the segments smooth and shining ; the basal ventral testaceous;

ovipositor very short. Antennae black, longer than the body.

Head and thorax smooth and shining. Tlie nervures bounding the

1st cubital cellule are roundly curved, thickened in the middle,

narrowed l>elow. The 2nd and 3rd segments are not keeled in the

middle. Median segment smooth and shining, not keeled in the

centre ; the 1st abdominal segment has a more perpendicular slope

than usual, its apex is raised in the centre ; the hypopygium

largely projects ; the 2nd segment has 2 depressed lines running^

obliquely from the base to the apex, the central part thereby being

naiTowed at the base.

ICHNEUMONID^.

Ophiononeura^ gen. noY.

Disco-cubital nervure|not broken by a stump of a nervure ;

transverse basal nervure interstitial ; disco-cubital cellule without

blister spots ; transverse median nervure in hind wings not broken

by a nervure. Apex of clypeus transverse ; largely foveate at the

sides above. Mesonotum rugose, without furrows. Metanotum

with two areae at the base, their keels broadly rounded ; the

spiracles about 3 times longer than wide. Abdomen long, slender,

compressed ; the ovipositor long. The antennae are short,

thickened towards the apex ; the clypeus depressed in the middle;

mandibles curved, narrowed towards the apex ; middle tibiae with

one spur ; claws not pectinated ; tarsi spinose ; abdomen three

times as long as the thorax ; wings short ; the entire thorax

rugose ; the apex of median segment not produced ; scutellum

Hymenoptera. 175

roundly convex ; the spiracles on the 1st abdominal segment are

placed at the base of the apical third, the disco- cubitus is roundly

curved ; the 1st discoidal cellule at the base half the width it is at

the apex.

Comes nearest to the American genus Opldonopterus. The

Tinbroken transverse median nervure in hind wings separates it

from its Old World allies.

Ophiononeura flavo-maculata, sp. nov.

Dark rufous ; the eye orbits, except in the middle above and

below, 2 marks, narrowed towards the base at the base of the

mesonotum, a shorter, narrower one at the tegular, the scutellums,

a line on the upper part of the propleurae, and one below and in

front of the tegulae ivory-yellow ; the 3 sternums, propleurae at

base, and the space at the sides of scutellums black, wings hyaline,

the stigma testaceous, the nervures black. Female.

Length 15 mm., terebra 5-6 mm.

Grahamstown. Feb. and April : Misses Daly and Sole.

Head in front closely punctured ; the front keeled in the

centre. The rugose punctuation on the thorax runs into reticula-

tions in places ; the basal 3 segments of the abdomen, beneath,

are ivory-yellow at their junction ; the middle tarsi fuscous, the

hind black.

Limneria africana, sp. nov.

Black ; the mandibles, palpi, tegulae, a spot at its base, the

four front coxae and trochanters, pale yellow ; the four front

femora and tibiae fulvous, their tarsi fuscous, the hind legs black,

the fore trochanters pale yellow, the tibias broadly dark testaceous,

the spurs yellow ; wings hyaline, the stigma testaceous, the

nervures black ; areolet appendiculated, the pedicle as long as the

lower basal nervui'e ; abdomen black ; the 2nd segment with a

distinct fulvous-yellow band on its apex ; antennae black. Female.

Length 4-5 mm.

Museum Grounds, Grahamstown. November : Misses Daly

and Sole.

Head, pro- and mesothorax alutaceous. Metanotum with 5

areae, besides the large posterior median, which is transversely

striated, strongly, distinctly, but not very closelj' ; the areola is

176 Albany Museum Records.

twice longer than broad ; the base becomes gradually narrowed to

a sharp point ; the apex is wide and transverse; the segment is

thickly covered with silvery pubescence .

The male is similarly coloured ; there is a narrow band on the

ower side of the 3rd segment and a wider one on its apex.

Fossil Reptiles. 177

Notes on two Reptilian Tarsi in the Albany Museum.

By R. Broom, M.D.,B.Sc.,C.M.Z.S., Victoria College, Stellenbosch.

The first specimen consists of the left foot, with portions of

the tibia and fibula, and a few rib fragments of a small reptile,

about the size of a cat. The specimen was found near Bedford by

the Rev. D. D. Eraser, and presented by him to the Museum.

From the horizon of the locality it is practically certain that the

remains are those of either a Dicyyiodotit or a Therocephalian

reptile, and though the tibia and fibula are too imperfect to settle

the question, it is very probable that the specimen represents a

species of Dicynodon. The foot is certainly not that of Lystro-

saurus, and probably not that of Oudenodon. Though the tarsus

is very imperfectly preserved, it is of great interest. The proximal

part consists of a large semicircular tibiale and a fibulare which

may have been even larger, but which is only preserved in part.

The tibiale is very similar to the tibiale of Oudenodon trigoniceps.

To the distal end of the tibiale is articulated a well ossified navicu-

lar or centrale exactly as in the mammalian tarsus. It articulates

with the four tarsalia and probably also with the large fibulare.

Portions of all four tarsalia are preserved, the fourth being a bone

of large size and apparently giving articulation to the fourth and

fifth metatarsals. It will thus be seen that we have a tarsus which

is quite mammalian in type. In the tarsus of Oudenodon trigoni-

ceps the centrale is probably cartilaginous, but in another tarsus

probably of Oudenodon the centrale is partly ossified. In this

tarsus it is as well ossified as any of the other tarsal bones and

resembles the mammalian bone in being considerably broader than

long. The specimen does not show whether an intermedium may

or may not have been present.

The other specimen consists of. the right hind limb of

Saurosternon Grieshachi, with a few fragments of vertebrae and

other bones. It was discovered at Cradock by Dr. Grey. The

femur is fairly stout, and considerably curved at its lower end.

The tibia and fibula are both well developed ; the tibia being con-

178 Albamj Museum liccords.

siderably stouter than the fibula. The foot is crushed laterally,

but the bones of the tarsus can be fairly satisfactorilj' made out.

There is a large broad bone which articulates with both the tibia

and fibula, and which is probably composed of the anchjdosed

tibiale, intermedium and centrale. To the oxTter side of this large

tarsal bone is a smaller bone, which is probably the fibulare. The

distal row of tarsal bones is made up of a small first tarsale, a

somewhat larger second tarsale, a third small tarsale, and a fourth

very large tarsale. There is no evidence in the specimen of a fifth

tarsale. All the five metatarsals are well preserved. The fourth

is the longest ; the third a little shorter, and the second shorter

than the third. The first is much shorter than the second, and

the fifth considerably shorter than the first. The fourth toe has

five phalanges. There is no specialisation of the fifth metatarsal

such as is seen in SpJienodon, and the tarsus differs from that of

Sphenodon in having the fibulare distinct and in having the first

and second tarsalia well developed. It would thus appear that

whatever be the position of Saurosternon it is not closely allied

to Sphenodon, and as far as the tarsus is concerned it is distinctly

more primitive.

On a new South African Labyrinthodont ( Gyclotosaurus

Alhertyni). By R. Beoom, M.D., &c.

In the collection of Mr. Alfred Brown of Aliwal North, there

are numerous teeth, small skull fragments and portions of

vertebrae of a Lahyrinthodont of much larger size than

Rhytidosteus. In the neighbourhood of Burghersdorp I discovered

a large interclavicle and other fragments of probably the same

Fo.'tsil Amjjhihian. 179

large animal. Till recently, however, the remains have been too

•fragmentary to warrant description. But a few months ago one

of my students, Mr. R. A. Albertyn, obtained near Rouxvillo,

O.R.C., a large number of fragments of the skull of what is per-

haps the same Lahyrinthndont as occurs at Aliwal North and

Burghersdorp. The fragments only represent about a third of the

upper surface of the skull, and it has been found impossible to fit

all of them together, still as it has been possible to reconstruct the

greater part of the right orbital and temporal regions and the left

prefrontal and frontal bones, a very fair idea is obtained of the

structure of the skull, and it becomes manifest that the animal is a

species of Cyclotosaurus.

The orbit measures 60 mm. in length and J 6 mm. in breadth.

Externally about 18 mm. of the margin are formed by the jugal

bone, while the whole of the anterior border is formed by the

prefrontal bone. The frontal bone is almost excluded from the

orbit, but the external corner of the frontal just separates the pre-

frontal from the postfrontal. The postfrontal forms the

whole of the inner, and posterior margin of the orbit to the

middle line of the orbit behind, where it meets the postorbita!.

It is thus seen that the orbit is almost exactly similar in structure

to that in Cyclotosaurus rohustus, the only difference being that

the frontal scarcely forms any part of the orbital margin.

The frontal bone is relatively narrower and the prefrontal

wider than in C. rohustus, the former being 50 mm. wide, and the

latter about 90 mm.

From the back of the orbit to the front of the auditory notch

is 95 mm.

The postorbital bone is relatively considerably larger, and the

squamosal, though imperfect, apparently smaller than in C. rohus-

tus. Anteroposterior length of the postorbital is al)out 85 mm.

The auditory notch, though imperfect behind, has apparently

been closed. Its greatest transverse measurement is 48 mm., and

the anteroposterior measurement was probably about the same.

From, the anterior border of the auditory foramen to the nearest

point of the back margin of the skull is about 90 mm.

If the anterior part of the skull bears the same proportion to

the hind part in C rohustus, and it is possible from the larger

size of the prefrontal that the anterior part maj' be relatively even

larger in the S. African form, then the whole skull was, not im-

probably, from 650 to 700 mm. in length.

ISO Albany Museum Records.

I have much pleasure in naming the S. African species after

Mr. R. A. Albertyn.

Gi/clot()sa\irus rohustiis occurs in the Upper Trias of Ger-

many, and it is probable that the S. African beds in which

C. A Ihertyni occurs, are of simitar age, since the Stormberg beds

immediately aljove are according to Seward, most probably of

Rhsetic age.

On a new species of Oudenodori fO. megalo?^hinus) from the

Gough, S. Africa. By R. BROOM, M.D., &c.

Close to Prince Albert Railway Station I recently found the

skull of a small Oudenodoti, which must be referred to a new

species. If the skull is mature, which the condition of the bones

would lead one to believe is not improbable, then it is the smallest

Oudenodon yet discovered.

The upper surface of the skull and almost the whole of the

right side are practically perfect, but the left temporal arch and

the greater part of the left maxillary are lost. The main features

of the skull are the large size of the external nares, the narrow

interorbital region, with moderately broad parietal region, and the

great outward development of the squamosal bones.

The posterior part of the skull resembles very closely that of

O, gracilis. The parietal foramen is, however, here situated in

an elevated portion of the skull roof. The preparietal bone is of

large size, and is supported on either side by the parietals. The

squamosal resembles considerably that of O. gracilis in the

peculiar outward development of the part which forms the tem-

poral arch. In this new species the outward process is much

Fossil Reptiles. 181

more marked, so that the posterior and outer border of the

squamosal bone makes an angle of about 50° with the middle line.

The most important new anatomical fact revealed by this

skull is the presence of a distinct postfrontal bone. Until recently,

the large bone which forms the greater part of the postorbital

arch, and a large part of the inner wall of the temporal fossa in

Dicynodont reptiles, has been believed to be the postfrontal bone.

As in Lystrosaurus, however, there is a narrow bone between this

large bone and the frontal, which must be looked upon as the

postfrontal, the large bone must be regarded as the postorbital,

3S I recently pointed out (Rec. Alb, Mus., Vol. 1., Pt. 1., p. 4).

Until now no other Dicynodont reptile than Lystrosaunts has

been known to have a distinct postfrontal bone, and it was l)e-

lieved to be absent in Dicynodon and Ondetiodon. This little

skull of Cudenodon which shows the sutures in this region most

beautifully, shows in each side a distinct narrow little postfrontal

bone almost exactly as in Lystrosaurus, between the frontal and

post-orbital bones, and forming part of the orbital margin.

Each frontal is a narrow bone which runs back between the

anterior process of the parietal and the postfrontal to the level of

the parietal foramen.

The sutures in the anterior part of the skull are not very

distinctly seen, and it is, therefore, impossible to describe the

dijfferent bones. The snout is rounded and fairly smooth, there

being much less elevation of the bones above the nostril than in

O. gracilis.

The nostril is relatively much larger than in O. gracilis, and

the antero-posterior measurement is about equal to the distance

between the orbit and the nostril.

The under surface of the skull is very imperfect. The right

pterygoid is, however, well preserved.

I have proposed for this species the name Oudeuodon

megalorhinus.

The following are some of the principal measurements : —

Greatest length of the skull, 'ob mm.

Greatest breadth, 48 mm.

Length of orbit, IG mm.

Distance between orbits, 9"5 mm.

Distance between temporal fossae, l(j%> mm.

182 Albany Museum Records.

Notice of a new Fossile Reptile (Scapanodon Duplessisi) from the

Lower Kai-roo beds of Prince Albert, Cape Colony. By

R. Broom, M.D., &c.

Some time ago Mr. P. H. Du Plessis discovered a number of

Ijones of large reptiles on his farm, Zeekoegat, in the district of

Prince Albert, C.C. At the request of Mr. W. L. Sclater, Director

of the S. African Museum, I recently visited the spot and examined

the remains. I found the detached bones of probably a consider-

able number of individuals scattered over a considerable area, but

mostly confined to a single stratum. Most of the bones were

badly weathered and much broken, but three fairly perfect humeri

were obtained, as well as two imperfect scapulae, one or two

vertebrae, and a few other bones. A number of small fragments

of skulls wei-e discovered, but not in very close association with

the other bones. It is probable that the fragments are portions of

the skulls of three different individuals, and though at present it

is impossible to be certain, it is likely that all the skulls and all

the other bones belong to the same species. The humeri equal in

size that of Titntiosvchus, and the jaw fragments which bear teeth

show that the animal was probably allied to Titanosuchus, though

belonging to a different genus. To avoid any possible confusion,

however, I will take as the types, two imperfect jaws showing a

series of molar teeth, and belonging to die same skull.

One of the two jaw fragments is a considerable part of the

right dentary. It shows evidences of two fairly large incisors,

with a portion of a very large canine. Behind the canine can be

seen at least 11 relatively small molars. These small molars

follow the canine in much the same way as in Titanosuchus, but

they differ in being considerably smaller and much flatter.

Roughly it may be said that three molars in Scapanodon occupy

the same space as two in Titanosuchus. The remarkable feature

of the genus, so far as is shown by the specimens, is the structure

of the molars. The deeper part of the root is in section a narrow

Fossil Reptiles. 183

oval, and as it approaches the alveolar margin it becomes still

flatter, so that the section is like the v^inged stem of a plant. The

part of the tooth outside of the bone shows a fair sized root por-

tion apparently devoid of enamel, and with the edges moderately

parallel, and a remarkably constructed crown. The external root

portion of the tooth is so flattened that in one specimen — possibly

a maxillary molar — it measures antero-posteriorly 8 mm., and is

only 2 mm. thick. In the crown the flattening is continued to an

even greater extent. Antero-posteriorly it seems to be about 10

mm., though no perfect specimen has yet been displayed, and the

height of the crown appears to average about 13 mm. The thickest

part of the crown is not more than 2 mm., and from the centre it

thins ofl: towards the edges. The tooth is strengthened by being

slightly concavo-convex. The external surface of the tooth is not

grooved, though slightly uneven, and there are no serrations at

the edges visible. The layer of enamel is very thin, about .15 mm.

If the limb bones belong to the same animal as the jaw

fragments, Scapanodon must have been as large an animal as

Titatiosuchus, as one of the humeri measures in length 535 mm.,

and is thus exactly the same size as the humerus referred by

Seeley to Titanusuchus ferox. The two humeri differ consider-

ably if Seeley's account is correct.

The measurement from the front of the root of lower m^

to back of lower m^" is 95 mm. In Titanosuchus ferox a similar

measurement made on the figure gives 136 mm.

I have much pleasure in naming the new reptile after Mr.

P. H. Du Plessis, of Zeekoegat.

184 Albany Museum Records.

Notice of a new Endothiodont genus (Chelyoposaurus). By R.

Broom, M.D., &c.

About a year ago there was discovered in one of the Kimber-

ley mines a block of sandstone, containing the remains of a small

fossil reptile. This was sent down to Capetown to the Dirf'ctor of

the Geological Survey for examination, and I have been asked by

him to undertake the determination of the form.

The specimen consists of the remains of a small Dicynodont

reptile, which, when complete, would probably be about afoot and

a half in length. As the bones are preserved in a sandstone rock,

and are very friable, very little has been possible in the way of

development. Almost the whole of the presacral part of the

vertebral column is preserved, there being remains of 26 vertebrae

preserved in front of three others which are evidently sacral. On

the right side, portions, at least, of most of the ribs are preserved.

The greater part of the right arm is also present, though the bones

of the carpus and phalanges are displaced. The left femur is almost

perfect. Of the skull the greater part has been lost, but there is

still preserved the almost complete left temporal arch, with a large

part of the maxilla, and the greater part of the left mandible.

All the bones of the skeleton ai-e typically Dicynodont. The

skull has the usual enormous squamosal, which passes outward as

in Opistlioctenodon. The jugal passes far back on the underside

of the squamosal arch. The maxillary, so far as preserved, is very

similar to that in the other small Endothiodonts and in Oudeno-

don. It contains at least one small maxillary tooth which is not

a canine. The tooth seems to be quite free of serrations.

The greatest length of the squamosal bone is 41 mm., and the

length of the skull when perfect would probably be about 90 mm.

Though the skull closely resembles that of Oudenodon,

the presence of the small molar (the evidence does not show

whether there may have been others) places the form among the

Endothiodonts, and entitles it to be regarded as a new genus. I

propose to name the specimen Chelyoposaurus Williams/, after

Mr. Gardiner Williams. The specimen will be described at greater

length and figured elsewhere.

AJ^'L

Recoras of tDe . .

Hlbanp museum.

7^-:

VOL. I

PART IV CONTAINING :

On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum. — Second Paper.

By P. Cameron.

On some New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera, collected by

the Rev. J. A. O'Neil, S.J., chiefly at Dunbrody, Cape Colony.

By P. Cameron.

On the use of the term Anomodontia. By R. BROOM.

Preliminary notice of some new Fossil Reptiles, collected by Mr.

Alfred Brown, at Aliwal North, South Africa. By R. Broom.

Notes on the Localities of some Type Specimens of the Karroo

Fossil Reptiles. By R. Broom.

Report on some South African Species of Indigofera in the Albany

Museum Herbarium, By E. G. Baker.

On some South African Species of Aloe, with special reference to

those contained in the Herbarium of the Albany Museum. II.

By S. SCHONLAND.

Issued April 4th, 1905.

Price 3S. 6d.

Priuted for the

COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM,

BY

JOSIAH SLATER, GRAHAMSTOWN, South Africa.

H

The "Records of the Albany Museum" will be issued at

irregular intervals, as matter for publication is available.

All communications with reference to them should be

addressed to the undersigned.

Dr. S. SCHONLAND,

Director of the Albany Museum,

Qrahamstown,

South Africa.

Parts of the Records previously issued: —

Vol. I., Part I ... April 24th, 1903 ... Price 3s. 6d.

Vol. I., Part 2 ... March i8th, 1904 ... Price 2s. 6d.

Vol. 1., Part 3 June 17th, 1904 .. Price 2s.

On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown,

South Africa.

By p. Cameron.

(Second Paper).

APID^.

Halictus I'olutatoriiis, sp. nov.

Black, the abdomen ferruginous, teguhe piceous red ; wings

clear hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures darker coloured.

Female.

Length 6 mm.

Brak Kloof. Mrs. G. White.

Antennae fuscous beneath towards the apex. Clypeus

shining, strongly but not closely punctured ; the face more weakly

punctured. Apex of clypeus fringed with short golden pile, and

m.ore sparsely with long white hair. Front alutaceous, thickly

covered with fuscous pubescence, the vertex shining. Pro- ami

mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured.

Metanotal area closel}', finely reticulated, withovit an apical

border. Mesopleur* coarsely alutaceous, opaque. Base of 1st

abdominal segment sparsely covered with long white hair, the

apical thicklj' covered with white pile and more sparsely with

long white hair ; the segments smooth and shining. Anal rima

rufo-piceous, bordered with golden pubescence. The basal 3

abscissae of radius become successively longer, but not much ;

the 3rd transverse cubital nervure in front has a small part

straight and oblique, the rest roundly curved.

186 Albany Museum Hecords.

Bdlictas i ridicol<)i\ sp. nov.

Dark green, thickly covered witli fulvous pubescence on the

head and thorax, with white on the abdomen ; the front and

vertex blue, streaked with violet ; the mesonotum, scutelhira and

base of metanotum rosy red, streaked with blue. Legs black,

thickly covered with white hair, the 4 anterior tibiae and tai'si

testaceous in front. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nei-vures

pallid testaceous. Antenna? black, the flagellum brownish below.

Female.

Length 8 mm.

Brak Kloof. Mrs. G. White.

Base of metanotum closely, minutely i)unctui"ed, the centi-al

area less strongly than the sides.. Clypeus strongly, but not

closely punctured; the face slightly punctured. Mandibles

broadly rufo-testaceous in the centre. The hair on the face and

clypeus long and white. Head and thoi-ax closely and strongly

punctured ; the abdomen minutely punctured : the I'ima dai-k

rufous.

A rol)ust species.

Ealictus hidens, sp. nov.

Black : the head, thorax and ventral surface of abdomen

thickly covered with long grey hair, that on the mesonotum mixed

with l)lack. Wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures

blackish ; the 3rd cubital cellule narrowed in front, shorter than

the 2nd, the 3rd transverse cubital nervure roundly, broadly

curved, the 1st recurrent nervure almost interstitial. Apex of

clypeus transverse, the sides projecting into stout teeth. Metanotal

area stoutly keeled behind, closely, strongly longitudinally striated-

Head and thorax not distinctly i)unctured, the lower half of

metapleurai closely, finely obliquely striated. Apex of clypevis

with a deep, longei- than wide depression in the centre, wider

towards the apex ; the sides bordering it stoutly, irregularly

striated. Malar space large. Abdomen smooth, the base shining ;

tjie apical segment above sparsely covered with longish black hair ;

rima blackish, bordered with i-ufous.

Length 8 mm.

Salem. R WebJjer. November.

Hymenoptera. 187

Halictus kloofens'is, sj). nov.

Black, the maiulihles l)i'oadly fen-iiginous in the middlt-, the

tlagelliim imfons below : the apical joints of the tarsi l)i-ight

fei-ruginous ; wings clear hyaline, the stigma and nervures l)lack ;

the 3i'd cubital cellule narrowed in front, e({ual in length with

the 3rd : 1st recurrent nervure received not far from the

transverse cubital ; the 2nd at the baee of the apical third of the

cellule. Metanotal area coarsely, irregularly i-eticulated, without

an apical bordering keel. Clypeus strongly, but not closely

punctured. Front finely, closely I'ugose, and covered thickly with

fuscous hair ; the vertex is not so closely nor distinctly punctured*

Mesonotum strongly punctured ; the apex of metanotum spai-sely

punctured, with a shagreened appearance : its centre largely

hollowed. Abdomen smooth, the base of the segments with a

band of depressed white pile. Apices of ventral segments pale ;

the penultimate thickly covered with long golden hair. Tegulaj

dark piceous. The hair is cinei-eous ; on the front it is darker

coloured, and the mesonotum tinged with fulvous, as is also the

hair on the underside of the tarsi. Male.

Length 9 mm.

Brak Kloof. Mrs. G. White. March.

Halictus Whiteamis, sp. nov.

Black, the pubescence cinereous, on the apex of the abdomen

and tarsi bright fulvous ; on the tibia3 it is tinged with fulvous ;

wings hyaline, tinged with fulvous, ii'idescent, the stigma

testaceous, the costa and stigma darker. Female.

Length 10-11 mm.

Brak Kloof. Mrs. G. White.

Apex of clypeus slightly curved, sparsely punctured, the

apical half more sparsely than the basal ; the face shining, almost

impunctate in the centre, almost bare, the sides densely pilose^

closely wrinkled. Mesonotum and scutellum closely, strongly

punctured, the latter depressed in the centre. Basal area of

metanotum closely, irregularly longitudinally reticulated, striated,

the apex not bordered ; in the centre is a fine longitudinal keel.

The basal 2 segments of the abdomen are closely and distinctly

188 Alhany Museum Records.

punctured and depressed : the Ijase of all the segments covered

with white depressed pubescence : the apices with longish white

pubescence ; the rima is l)right rufous, and is fringed with bright

ferruginous hair.

Comes close to H. deceptas, Sm., which may be known from it

by the pile on the head and thorax being rufous, by the metanotal

area being closely and regularly rugose, by the basal 2 segments

of the abdomen not being closely and regularly punctured, and by

the anal rima being black.

Halictus hel/o/)hilus, sp. nov.

Black, the apices of the abdominal segments testaceous, the

knees, tibiae and tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the 4 front-tibiae broadly

yellow in front, the fore tibiae behind in the middle and the hinder

in the middle all round black ; the wings clear hyaline, the stigma

and nervures pallid testaceous. Flagellum of antennas brownish

beneath. The pubescence white. Tegulai testaceous yellow.

Female.

Length 7 mm.

Grahamstown. Misses Daly and Sole.

Clypeus shining, sparsely punctured ; the front and vertex

closely, uniformly and rather strongly punctured, as are also the

mesonotum and scutellum. Metanotal area closely reticulated

except round the apex. Apex of clypeus transverse, the sides

projecting into short blunt teeth, rounded at the apex. Third

transverse cubital and 2nd recurrent nervures very pale, the

former broadly curved outwardly ; the 2nd abscissa of radius not

much longer than the 1st, and clearlj' shorter than the 3rd. Anal

rima piceous ; the segment at the sides rufous, the hair also tinged

with rufous. First abdominal segment minutely punctured.

I am not sure but that this may be H. pallid'qjennis, Sm. ; but

without an examination of the type it is impossible to decide this

from the description.

Halictus trans'iens, sp. nov.

Black, the hair white, the underside of the flagellum fuscous ;

wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the nervures pallid testaceous.

Hymenoptera. 189

the 1st and 2nd transverse c-ubital nervures paler than the others,

roundly curved ; the 3rd with the upper half obliquely sloped ; the

2nd cubital cellule half the length of the 3rd : 1st recurrent

nervui-e received in fro)it of the 2nd transverse cubital, almost

interstitial. Metanotal are closely, rugosely punctured throughout ;

the sides to the centre rounded, clearlj^ margined ; the centre

almost transverse. Female.

Length 5 mm.