580,5

FB

V, 29:1-2

1954/55

cop, 2

MAR 2 9 1995

riMi

b, Phone,

previous due date.

REVISION OF

THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON NUTT.

EX SEEM.

I OR THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 29, NUMBER 1

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

NOVEMBER 11, 1954

REVISION OF

THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON NUTT.

EX SEEM.

FOR THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

Research Associate, Systematic Botany

THE LIBRARY OF THE

JAN? 1955

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 29, NUMBER 1

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

NOVEMBER 11, 1954

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

?B

V.: ?

a-

Revision of the Genus Cheirodendron

for the Hawaiian Islands

pC INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL NOTES

3J The history of Cheirodendron as a genus may be said to begin

^ with the name Aralia trigyna Gaud, in Freycin. Voy. tab. 98, a

plate published in 1826 and sufficient under the International Rules

(art. 44) to validate the epithet trigyna. Gaudichaud's binomial

Aralia trigyna was reinforced with a Latin description (op. cit. 474)

Jgearly in, and not later than March, 1830. In September of the

^sarne year1 De Candolle (Prodr. 4: 253) published the new name

«p " Panax? Gaudichaudi" for Gaudichaud's plant, the type plate

** of which he cited but the description of which, published only a

5 few months earlier, had escaped his notice (cf. his words, "descr.

**adhuc ined."). The "Panax? Gaudichaudi" of De Candolle was

adopted shortly afterwards by Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey's

Voy. 84. 1832. They even proposed two additional species, both

likewise referred and in a similarly interrogative way to the genus

Panax: Panax? ovatum and Panax? platyphyllum. The first of these

was founded upon a single specimen with "neither flower nor fruit."

-v. This had been found on the Island of Oneeheow, today called

^ Niihau. It seems never to have been re-collected there. We shall

return to it below. The second was founded upon specimens from

the Island of Oahu.

In 1854, Asa Gray (Bot. U. S. Explor. Exped. 719) transferred

De Candolle's epithet to Hedera, making the new combination

Hedera Gaudichaudi (DC.) A. Gray. For material from "Oahu,

and the western part of Maui" he erected a var. 0, describing it as

having leaflets more often 3, subovate, scarcely denticulate or even

very entire. He considered it as "undoubtedly the Panax? ovatum

of Hooker & Arnott," but made no attempt to use the epithet

ovatum with a varietal status. For "Panax? platyphyllum" of Hooker

& Arnott, Gray used the binomial Hedera platyphylla.

1 See page 20, footnote.

4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

In making his two transfers of Hawaiian species, along with

two more of New Zealand species, to Hedera, Gray was influenced

obviously by their possession of "more or less united styles,"

leading to his conclusion that such species "surely are not real

congeners of the original, North American Araliae."

In 1867, Berthold Seemann took up the name Cheirodendron

from Nuttall's manuscripts (Herb. Brit. Mus.) and published it

(Jour. Bot. 5: 236) for a new genus in his Revision of the Natural

Order Hederaceae. He included, in the following order, (1) Ch.

Gaudichaudii (DC.) Seem, and (2) Ch. platyphyllum (H. & A.)

Seem, of the Hawaiian Islands; (3) Ch. laetivirens (Gay) Seem, and

(4) Ch. valdiviense (Gay) Seem, of Chile; and (5) Ch. samoense

(A. Gray) Seem, of the Samoan Islands. The genus was described

as closely allied to Pseudopanax C. Koch, from which it differed

"by its denticulate calyculus and stigmas seated on a stylopodium."

Since Seemann's day, the Chilean and Samoan species included

by him have been excluded by other workers, leaving only the first

two species, Ch. Gaudichaudii and Ch. platyphyllum in Cheirodendron.

In 1888, Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 147-149) presented a revised

treatment of Cheirodendron, retaining Seemann's two Hawaiian

species, but giving for Ch. Gaudichaudii five "forms," distinguished

as a, /3, 7, 5, and e. By his form a he meant of course the species

proper. To his form <5, based principally upon his own material

from Mt. Kaala, Isl. Oahu, he referred as a synonym the above

mentioned Panaxl ovatum H. & A.

His treatment was followed soon afterwards by that of Drake

del Castillo (Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 181 and 182. 1890). Drake

kept Cheirodendron as a part of Panax L. For Hillebrand's forms

j8-e he employed a varietal status without, however, designating

them except by letter. He added an enigmatic additional "var. f"

based upon Remy 497 from Oahu, "foliis ovatis subcordatis," a

plant not as yet seen by me.

In 1897, Heller (Minnesota Bot. Studies 1: 870) made the new

combination, Cheirodendron trigynum (Gaud.) Heller, a name that

takes clear precedence over Ch. Gaudichaudii. In 1912, LeVeille"

(Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regn. Veg. 10: 154) employed Heller's

new name, though incorrectly attributing it solely to Gaudichaud's

authorship, and described three varieties, hawaiense, kauaiense, and

mauiense, based respectively upon Faurie, 262, 266, and 265. A year

later, Rock (Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 359-365, pis. 146-148) unfor-

tunately took up again the ill-advised name Cheirodendron Gaudi-

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 5

chaudii. As with Drake del Castillo at an earlier day, Hillebrand's

several "forms" ranked with Rock as varieties.

In 1925, Hochreutiner (Candollea 2: 487), apparently unaware

of LeVeO^'s earlier paper, published a new species, Ch. Fauriei,

based upon the same type (Faurie 266) as was LeVeiHe"^ Ch. trigynum

var. kauaiense.

In 1931, Krajina (Preslia 10: 98), apparently having seen neither

LeVeille''s nor Hochreutiner's paper, described a Cheirodendron

wahiawense which reduces at once to Ch. Fauriei Hochr. Krajina

had collected personally in the Hawaiian Islands and assembled

many data. He presented two additional species that were really

new, Ch. Dominii and Ch. kauaiense, also several new varieties.

His illustrations were distinctive and valuable.

In 1935, Brown (Bishop Mus. Bull. no. 130: 207, fig. 30, f-ri)

described and illustrated a new species from the Marquesas Islands,

Ch. marquesense. This species, outside the scope of this paper, but

apparently most closely related to Ch. kauaiense (through the latter's

var. keakuense), is noteworthy as being the only member of the genus

growing outside the Hawaiian Islands.

More recently, a most important contribution has been made by

Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 15: 416-419. 1944). For

Ch. trigynum he described the two new varieties, multiflorum (since

placed by me under Ch. Helleri) and acuminatum. His paper con-

tained certain critical notes, these of special value because of the

author's ripe scholarship and very keen knowledge of the Hawaiian

flora.

The monographic study summarized in the following pages was

undertaken upon the suggestion of Dr. Otto Degener, the widely

known author of works dealing with Hawaiian plants. Small por-

tions of the text have appeared in substantially similar form else-

where (Sherff, Bot. Leafl. no. 5: 2-14. 1951; ibid. no. 6: 6. 1952). As

in former monographic studies, I have made photographs of most of

the types and other exceptionally important specimens. These are

cited by number in their proper place in the text. A complete set

is deposited with Chicago Natural History Museum and a duplicate

set is in my own possession.

The present research was made possible largely through the

generous cooperation of many botanical institutions in the United

States and Europe. To their respective authorities, and particularly

to those of Chicago Natural History Museum, where much of the

work has been done, it is a pleasure to express here my indebtedness

and thanks.

6 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Genus CHEIRODENDRON Nutt. ex Seem.: Description

Nutt. ex Seemann, Journ. Bot. 5: 236. 1867.

Glabrous, unarmed trees. Leaves opposite, estipulate, petiolate,

digitate; leaflets petiolulate, toothed or entire, emitting a strong

carroty or oily odor. Flowers mostly in umbellets on the ultimate

divisions of a terminal or lateral panicle, this with opposite, horizontal

or subreflexed, nodally and subcalycally articulate branches. Bracts

minute, opposite, subconnate into a continuous involucel subtending

the umbellet and a few-toothed pseudocalyx (calyculus or pseudo-

calyculus of most authors) at the base of the calyx, the latter 's

teeth presently deciduous (in rare cases dilated and leaf -like).

Calyx gamosepalous, with 5 short teeth. Petals 5 or rarely 6,

triangular to oblong, valvate, minute (circ. 2-3 mm. long). Stamens

normally 5, their filaments subulate, anthers ovoid and included or

but slightly exserted. Ovary inferior, 2-5-carpellate and -loculate.

Styles united into a short or obsolete conical column, this expanded

into a disk or stylopodium below and bearing 2-5 persistent stigmas

at top. Fruit a drupe, globose to compressed-globose, subtruncate

at top, the exocarp somewhat fleshy, the surface coarsely 2-5-

angulate and finely costate when dry; pyrenae laterally compressed,

coriaceous, in number matching the stigmas.

CONSPECTUS OF SPECIES, VARIETIES, AND FORMS

1. Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Oahu) 11

2. Cheirodendron kauaiense (Kauai) 14

var. /3. keakuense (central Kauai) 16

var. 7. Forbesii (eastern Kauai) 16

3. Cheirodendron Dominii (northwestern Kauai) 17

4. Cheirodendron trigynum (Hawaii) 18

var. /3. subcordatum (northwestern Hawaii) 20

var. 7. Fosbergii (northeastern Oahu) 21

var. d. mauiense (East Maui) . . • 22

var. e. oblongum (East Maui) 22

f. 1. latins (East Maui) 23

var. f. molokaiense (eastern Molokai and West Maui) ... 24

f. 1. angustius (eastern Molokai and West Maui) .... 25

var. TJ. osteostigma (southeastern Molokai) 25

var. d. halawanum (Oahu, Molokai, Lanai) 26

var. t. Hillebrandii (Oahu) 29

var. K. confertiflorum (West Maui and rarely East Maui) . . 30

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 7

var. X. Rockii (Lanai) 32

var. n. Skottsbergii (Lanai, West Maui) 32

var. v. Ilicoides (northwestern Hawaii) 33

var. £. acuminatum (northwesternmost Hawaii) 34

var. o. Degeneri (southeastern Hawaii) 35

f. 1. pauciflorum (Hawaii) 36

5. Cheirodendron Fauriei (southeastern Kauai) 37

var. |8. Macdanielsii (northeastern Kauai) 38

6. Cheirodendron Helleri (central Kauai) 38

var. /3. microcarpum (northwestern Kauai) 40

var. 7. multiflorum (northwestern Kauai) 40

var. <5. sodalium (south-central Kauai) 41

KEY

a. Stigmas and pyrenae normally 5, nervation of leaflets brochido-

dromous.

b. Leaflets very entire, flowers small (±4 mm. long above caly-

culus), body of drupe about 3.7-4.4 mm. long and 3.7-4.2

mm. wide; native of Kauai 2. Ch. kauaiense and vars.

6. Leaflets commonly somewhat shallow- or obsolete-denticulate,

flowers larger (±6 mm. long above calyculus), body of drupe

about 5.3-7.3 mm. long and 4.7-6 mm. wide; native of Oahu.

1. Ch. platyphyllum.

a. Stigmas and pyrenae mostly 2-4.

6. Stigmas and pyrenae normally 4.

c. Leaflets widely ovate to subrotund-ovate, at base truncate

or subtruncate, umbellets up to 3-5-flowered, thickish

pedicels 2-3.5 mm. long; native of northeastern Oahu.

4. Ch. trigynum var. 7. Fosbergii.

c. Leaflets oblong to broadly oval-oblong, at base truncate to

broadly cuneate, umbellets more often 9-14-flowered,

pedicels slender and 3-8 mm. long; native of East Maui.

4. Ch. trigynum var. c. oblongum f. 1. latins.

c. Leaflets mostly lanceolate to broadly lance-oblong or narrowly

oblong-ovate or -obovate, basally cuneate or rarely rounded,

umbellets 6-10 (-15) -flowered, slender pedicels 3-6.5 mm.

long; native of East Maui.

4. Ch. trigynum var. <5. mauiense.

b. Stigmas and pyrenae normally 2.

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

c. Leaflets broadly orbicular-deltoid to transversely oblong,

principal ones 9-12.5 cm. wide, their base very wide and

truncate to subcordate; native of northeastern Kauai.

5. Ch. Fauriei var. /3. Macdanielsii.

c. Leaflets otherwise.

d. Leaflets oval-oblong, the small, regular teeth commonly

8-10 to an edge, umbellets mostly 7-15-flowered.

6. Ch. Helleri var. 7. multiflorum.

d. Leaflets broader.

e. Leaflets widely ovate to orbicular or even transversely

oblong, the marginal teeth mostly slender, antrorse,

and more or less uncinulate, stigmas under 0.5 mm.

long in fruit 5. Ch. Fauriei sensu stricto.

e. Leaflets somewhat narrower, from ovate to broadly

ovate- or subrhomboid-oval, stigmas 1-1.5 mm. long

in fruit.

/. Leaflets 5-8 (-9) cm. long (as to blade) and 3-7 cm.

wide, foliar teeth not uncinulate, umbellets up to

11- or rarely to 13-flowered, drupes about 8 mm.

tall including stigmas; native of central Kauai.

6. Ch. Helleri sensu stricto.

/. Leaflets slightly smaller, many foliar teeth uncinulate,

umbellets up to 7-flowered, drupes 5-6 mm. long

including stigmas; native of northwestern Kauai.

6. Ch. Helleri var. /3. microcarpum.

e. Leaflets more or less obovate-rotundate to very broadly

obovate-oblong, entire. . .6. Ch. Helleri var. <5. sodalium.

b. Stigmas and pyrenae commonly (but not consistently) 3.

c. Blade of leaflets commonly broader than long, transversely

reniform-oval, at base subtruncate to rarely truncate-

contracted, at apex subtruncate to subrotundate (but

mucronate to abruptly or sharply apiculate), nervation

craspedodromous; native of central and northwestern Kauai.

3. Ch. Dominii sensu stricto.

c. Blade of leaflets commonly otherwise.

d. Blade of leaflets subentire or but remotely and obsoletely

denticulate, usually thickish and subglossy; native of

Oahu 4. Ch. trigynum var. t. Hillebrandii.

d. Blade of leaflets commonly denticulate.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 9

e. Blade of leaflets (at least for larger leaves) more or less

cordate at base, up to 17.5 cm. long and to 10 cm.

wide, panicle up to ±2.5 dm. long (including peduncle)

and to 1.6 dm. wide, umbellets often 10-15-flowered;

native of northwestern Hawaii.

4. Ch. trigynum var. /3. subcor -datum.

e. Blade of leaflets truncate to cuneate at base and smaller,

panicle smaller.

/. Leaflets mostly wide-ovate to orbicular, at apex

abruptly acuminate to caudate (in addition to the

varieties listed below, anomalous forms of Ch. trigy-

num var. j. Fosbergii from northeastern Oahu to

be looked for here).

g. Panicles mostly many-flowered and congested, under

12 cm. long including peduncle; native of Maui.

4. Ch. trigynum var. K. confertiflorum.

g. Panicles fewer-flowered, open, a little larger; natives

of Hawaii.

h. Blade of leaflets 4-8 cm. long and 3-6.5 cm.

wide, fruiting pedicels up to 8 mm. long; native

of north westernmost Hawaii.

4. Ch. trigynum var. £. acuminatum.

h. Blade of leaflets 7-10 cm. long and 4-8 (-10) cm.

wide, fruiting pedicels commonly 5 rarely to 6

mm. long; natives of northwestern and south-

eastern Hawaii 4. Ch. trigynum var. o.

Degeneri and f. 1. pauciflorum.

f. Leaflets mostly otherwise.

g. Leaflets mostly oblong and obtuse at apex.

h. Umbellets 2-5-flowered.

i. Leaflets with many slender-uncinulate teeth,

drupes large, 6-7.2 mm. long including the

coarse stigmas; native of northwestern Hawaii.

4. Ch. trigynum var. v. Ilicoides.

i. Leaflets mostly with coarser teeth; drupes small,

under 5 mm. long including stigmas; native of

Lanai and West Maui.

4. Ch. trigynum var. n. Skottsbergii.

h. Umbellets mostly 6-14-flowered.

10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

i. Panicles usually numerous and small, 3.5-7

(rarely to 9.5) cm. long including peduncle,

drupes under 4 mm. thick.

j. Leaflets elongate- or elliptic-oblong, seldom

uncinulate-serrate; native of southern East

Maui .... 4. Ch. trigynum var. e. oblongum.

j. Leaflets oval-oblong, mostly uncinulate-ser-

rate; native of eastern Molokai.

4. Ch. trigynum var. f. molokaiense.

i. Panicles few and large, often 12-23 cm. long

including peduncle, drupes 5-6 mm. thick;

native of Hawaii.

4. Ch. trigynum sensu stricto.

g. Leaflets otherwise.

h. Leaflets thinnish, dull, mostly broad-oval to

-ovate, obtuse to emarginate at apex, drupes

3.5-5 mm. thick; native of Oahu, Molokai, and

Lanai 4. Ch. trigynum var. 0. halawanum.

h. Leaflets mostly narrower, at apex acute to acu-

minate.

i. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, at apex acute.

j. Panicle solitary, 12-15 cm. long including

peduncle, stigmas of fruits spreading and

tapering, 1.5-3 times as long as thick,

mostly darkish; native of Lanai.

4. Ch. trigynum var. X. Rockii.

j. Panicles usually several to a spray, under 9.5

cm. long including peduncle; natives of

eastern Molokai and West Maui.

k. Leaflets under 6.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm.

wide; fruiting stigmas subglobose or de-

pressed-globose, more or less bony-

indurated and stramineous.

4. Ch. trigynum var. 77. osteostigma.

k. Leaflets larger, fruiting stigmas oblong to

linear-oblong, not or scarcely bony in

appearance 4. Ch. trigynum var. f .

molokaiense f. 1. angustius.

i. Leaflets narrower or broader but at apex acu-

minate; natives of Maui.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON

11

;'. Leaflets oblong, broadly ovate or even obo-

vate, umbellets about 4- or 5-flowered,

drupes 3.5-4 mm. thick.

4. Ch. trigynum var. K. confertiflorum.

j. Leaflets mostly lanceolate to lance-oblong,

umbellets 6-1 5-flowered, drupes 4-4.5 mm.

thick 4. Ch. trigynum var. 5. mauiense.

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR HERBARIA CITED

Arn. Herb. Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massa-

chusetts.

Bish. Herb. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Calif. Acad. Herb. California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco.

Chi. Herb. Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago.

Corn. Herb. Cornell University, Ithaca.

Del. Herb. Delessert, Geneva.

Goth. Herb. Botanical Garden of Gothenburg.

Gray Herb. Gray, Harvard University, Cambridge,

Massachusetts.

Kew Herb. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Minn. Herb. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Mo. Herb. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

N.Y. Herb. New York Botanical Garden, New York

City.

Par. Herb. Museum of Natural History, Paris.

Phila. Herb. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Prague Herb. Charles University, Prague.

Stockh. Herb. Botanical Museum of Stockholm.

Univ. Calif. Herb. University of California, Berkeley.

U. S. Herb. United States National Museum, Washing-

ton, D.C.

Yunck. Herb. Dr. T. G. Yuncker, Greencastle, Indiana.

1. Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Seem.

Journ. Bot. 5: 236. 1867; Panax? platyphyllum Hook. & Arn. Bot.

Capt. Beechey's Voy. 84. 1832; Hedera platyphylla (Hook. & Arn.)

A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Explor. Exped. 720, pi. 91. 1854.

Small tree, about 2.5-6 mm. tall. Flowering branchlets (when

dry) sulcate, 4-6 mm. thick. Leaves ternate, petiole commonly

12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

6-12 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, blade commonly broader than

long, widely and transversely reniform-oval to rotund-deltoid,

usually 4-7 cm. long and up to a half wider, widest near the truncate

or subtruncate rarely cuneate and sometimes suboblique base, at the

emarginate to truncate or broadly rounded apex apiculate and more

or less uncinulate, at margins thickened and very entire or more often

remotely and minutely serrulate, coriaceous (or when dry char-

taceous, and then dull to somewhat glossy, yellowish-green to

brown); nervation pinnate, lateral nerves brochidodromous; petio-

lules usually 3-5 cm. long. Panicles large, open, single or in three's,

8-16 cm. long peduncle included and 7-12 cm. wide, 50-80-flowered,

branches finally spreading to diffuse; umbellets up to 6- or more

rarely to 8-flowered; calyx 5-6-toothed, the teeth 0.3-0.5 mm. long;

corolla valvate, on outside obscurely greenish-brown, on inside pale;

petals 5 or 6, thickish, opaque, ovate, 3.2-3.5 mm. long, all separate

at base in anthesis, at apex cucullate and apiculate, early deciduous;

stamens 5 or 6, filament ±1.6 mm. long, anther circ. 1.7-2.1 mm.

long; style persisting on drupe and projecting 1.5-1.8 mm. above it,

resting on a stylopodium; stigmas commonly 5 (rarely 4, very

rarely 3), scarcely protruding; drupe brownish-black, fleshy, with

as many pyrenae as stigmas, subglobose, 5.3-7.3 mm. long and

4.6-6 mm. thick, usually 5-angled but scarcely rugose when dry;

pedicels 3-6 mm. long.

Type: Collected by G. T. Lay & A. Collie (on Captain Beechey's

Voyage) on Island of Oahu (presumably at Kew).

Distribution: In the Koolau and Waianae ranges of Oahu.

Specimens examined (all from Oahu or presumably so): Annie

M. Alexander & Louise Kellogg 5,194, leaves fragrant when bruised,

on swamp flat . . . summit of Kaala, alt. 5,030 ft., Feb. 13, 1947

(Univ. Calif.); R. W. Baxter, Poamoho Trail, Paalaa, right-hand

ridge, alt. 2,000 ft., November, 1938 (Mo.) ; Captain Beechey, Oahu,

May 19-30, 1826 (ex herb. Brownii in Chi., type collection, my

photograph no. 4,126); H. F. Bergman, wet slope, alt. 4,000 ft.,

summit of Kaala, Feb. 11, 1928 (Bish.); E. Bryan, Mt. Kaala,

January, 1920 (Bish.); Bush & Topping 3,762, shrubby hillside,

Maakua Gulch, July 15, 1934 (Calif. Acad.); Otto Degener 9,584,

at summit, Mt. Kaala, Feb. 11, 1928 (Mo.; N.Y.); Degener & Eichi

Masunaga 2,050, open, exposed region, near summit of Konahuanui,

Apr. 2, 1926 (Phila.); Degener, Park, & Kwon 9,573, summit of

Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, Jan. 17, 1932 (N.Y.); Degener, Park,

Potter, Bush, & Topping 9,993, Poamoho Trail, wind-swept summit,

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 13

Laie, Aug. 18, 1935 (Chi.; Corn.; Del.; Mo.; N.Y.; U.S.); iidem

11,317, rain-forest, summit of Pig-God Trail, July 4, 1935 (N.Y.,

my photograph no. 4,128; Phila.); Degener, Henry Wiebke, & Eichi

Masunaga 2,050, near summit of Konahuanui, Apr. 2, 1926 (Goth.) ;

Charles N. Forbes, Koolauloa Mts., between Punaluu and Kaipapau,

May 8-13, 1909 (Bish.); Forbes & C. M. Cooke, same place, May

3-8, 1909 (Chi.); D, Wesley Garber 80, peak of Mt. Konahuanui,

Nov. 23, 1919 (Bish.); Gaudichaud, Hawaiian Isls., September and

October, 1836 (Gray; Par.); J. Arthur Harris C242,128, tree, summit

of Puu Kaala, alt. 4,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1924 (Goth.) ; Harris C242,174,

shrub on windward side of ridge between Kahana and Wahiawa

valleys, Koolau Range, alt. about 2,200 ft., Aug. 31, 1924 (Goth.) ;

Harris C242,224, ridge of Koolau Range, between same two valleys,

alt. about 2,400 ft., Sept. 7, 1924 (Bish.; Goth.); William H. Hathe-

way, H. A. Miller, & N. Morton 337, tree 25 ft. tall with trunk

10 in. in diameter at breast height, dominant with Metrosideros in

cloud-zone mossy forest, north slope of Mt. Kaala, alt. 3,800 feet.,

Sept. 9, 1950 (Chi.; Goth.; Phila.); Amos A. Heller 2,244 pro parte,

on and near summit of Konahuanui, May 2, 1895 (Arn.; Chi.;

Gray; Mo.; N.Y.; Univ. Calif.; U.S.; regarding further use of this

no. 2,244 by Heller, see under Ch. kauaiense, especially the first

footnote); William Hillebrand, Mt. Kaala, August, 1869 (ex herb,

berol in Bish.); Hillebrand 259, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Mt. Kona-

huanui and Mt. Kaala (Kew) ; Hillebrand & Rev. John M. Lydgate,

Konahuanui (Bish.); Edward Y. Hosaka 130, alt. 4,000 ft., in

rain-forest, Waianaeuka, Mt. Kaala, Feb. 2, 1930 (Bish.; Calif.

Acad.); Mark Ken (Degener' s distrib. no.) 21,686, Aiea trail near

summit of Koolau Range, Feb. 23, 1947 (Chi.; N.Y.); N. H. Krauss,

alt. 3,800-4,000 ft., Mt. Kaala, Jan. 8, 1933 (Bish.) ; Lay & Collie,

Capt. Beechey's Voyage, see Beechey; L. H. MacDaniels 23, rain-

forest, alt. 800 m., Waipio-Waiawa Ridge, Oct. 6, 1926 (Bish.);

MacDaniels 94, moist situation, alt. 650 m., Konahuanui, Nov. 1,

1926 (Bish.) ; Horace Mann & William T. Brigham 605 p. p., high on

Konahuanui etc. (Chi.; Gray); Harold Morley, rain-forest, alt. 2,600

ft., ridge south of Kipapa Gulch, Dec. 10, 1933 (Bish.); K. Nitta

26, alt. 4,000 ft., Mt. Kaala, Oct. 13, 1929 (N.Y.); Joseph F. Rock,

main ridge above Palolo Crater, Lanipo, Aug. 16, 1908 (Arn. ; Bish.) ;

G. W. Russ, top of main range, Waiawa, March, 1930 (Bish.) ; Russ,

Nuuanu, p. p. top of Lanihuli, July 19, 1933 (Bish.); Olof H. Selling

3,596, Kaala, Sept. 25, 1938 (Bish.; Goth.); Carl Skottsberg 1,844,

ridge above Kahana Bay, alt. 750 m., Sept. 17, 1926 (Bish.; Goth.);

D. LeRoy Topping 2,965, Mt. Konahuanui, Dec. 28, 1924 (Arn.;

14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Univ. Calif.; N.Y.); U.S.S. Pacif. Explor. Exped. under Capt.

Wilkes, Hawaiian Islands, 1838-42 (N.Y.); T. G. Yuncker 3,629,

native name Wapalapa, alt. 3,000 ft., Waikane-Schofield Trail, at

summit, Oct. 16, 1932 (Chi.; Yunck.).

The leaflets are occasionally very cuneate in their lower half

(e.g., Degener et al. 11,317 and some of Heller 2,244) and would

seem to belong to a distinct forma, but apparently this variation is

too fickle to warrant segregation even as a forma.

Native name: Lapalapa. The leaves are swayed by the slightest

breeze ("Le nom indigene est une onomatope'e imitant le bruit

particulier des feuilles agite"es." — Hochreutiner, Candollea 2: 487.

1925).

2. Cheirodendron kauaiense Krajina, Preslia 10: 96, tab. 3,

fig. a-m, tab. 5, fig. 1. 1931; Cheirodendron kauaiense var. typicum

Krajina, op. cit. 98.

Blades of leaflets all or nearly all definitely wider than long.

Ch. kauaiense sensu stricto.

Blades of leaflets all or nearly all longer than wide.

Blades of leaflets widely oval to ovate .^ .var. /3. keakuense.

Blades of leaflets all or at least many of them oblong or narrowly

oblong-obovate var. 7. Forbesii.

Tree 6-12 m. tall; flowering branchlets when dry 3.5-6 mm.

thick, rugose and sulcate. Leaves ternate, petiole 5-12 cm. long;

leaflets petiolulate, their blade dull to somewhat glossy, widely

ovate to transversely reniform-oval or -ovate and a little broader

than long, 4.5-8(-9) cm. long but up to 11.5 cm. wide, broadest in

basal third or half, at base rarely subcordate commonly subtruncate

to very broadly cuneate-contracted, at the commonly obtuse or

rounded apex somewhat apiculate, very entire, coriaceous or when

dry chartaceous, at margin slightly crisped and thickened; nervation

pinnate, lateral nerves brochidodromous; petiolule 2.5-4.5 cm. long.

Panicle at times large, 8-14.5 cm. long including peduncle and 8-13

cm. wide, open or dense, at times 200-350-flowered, branches more

or less divaricate; umbellets up to 5-7-flowered; calyx 5-toothed,

teeth 0.2-0.3 mm. long. Corolla valvate, dark outside, greenish

within; petals hardly transparent, outwardly sulcate, elliptic-ovate,

all separate to their base at anthesis, at apex apiculate and somewhat

cucullate. Stamens 5, filament 1.9-2.2 mm. long, anther 1.8-2 mm.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 15

long. Stylopodium at anthesis only 0.5 mm. tall, scarcely or not at

all projecting above calyx-teeth. Style very short or obscure, per-

sistent. Stigmas 5 or rarely but 3 or 4, in fruit becoming slender-

corniculate and 1-1.5 mm. long. Drupe black or brownish-black,

fleshy, globose, 4-5 mm. long (including stigmas) and 3.7-4.2 mm.

thick, commonly 5- rarely 3- or 4-angled, rugulose, pyrenae (3-4-) 5,

exocarp very thin.

Type: Collected by Vladimir Krajina, in western part of swamp

forest, alt. about 1,200 m., Alakai Swamp, near Kilohana, north-

western Kauai, Jan. 14, 1930 (Prague).

Distribution: Kauai, especially the northwestern part.

Specimens examined (all from Kauai) : Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof

H. Selling, & Carl Skoltsberg 2,906, forest near Lehuamakanoi bog,

Waimea, Aug. 13, 1938 (Bish.; Goth.); Otto Degener 9,586, Waineke

Swamp, June 28, 1926 (Chi.) ; Degener 21,471, in windy, open forest,

east rim of Kalalau Valley, Dec. 27, 1951 (Chi.; Gray; Kew);

Degener & Miss Amy Greenwell, Mohihi Road, Kokee region, Jan.

13, 1952 (Chi.) ; Degener & Henry Wiebke 2,078, Waineke Swamp,

Kokee, June 28, 1926 (N.Y.) ; Abbe Urbain Faurie 261, alt. 1,000

m., Waimea, March, 1910 (Arn.; Bish.); Charles N. Forbes 367a-K,

large tree 20-30 ft. tall, Kaholuamanu, behind Waimea, September,

1909 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes 1,039-K, Kalalau pali, July 3-Aug. 18,

1917 (Bish.); Amos A. Heller 2,244 pro parte, on Kaholuamanu,

above Waimea, Sept. 10-16, 1895 (Bish.);1 Albert S, Hitchcock

15,336, alt. 3,600 ft., Kaholuamanu, Oct. 20, 1916 (U.S.); L. H.

MacDaniels 806, tree 6 m. tall, on slope of valley of small stream,

alt. 1,300 m., Alakai Swamp, Feb. 17, 1927 (Bish.) ; Joseph F. Rock,

Central Plateau, alt. 4,300 ft., September, 1909 (N.Y.); Rock

1,525, Halemanu, Feb. 14-26, 1909 (Bish.) ; Rock 5,646, high plateau,

trail to Waialeale, Sept. 4, 1909 (Gray); Rock 5,702, in wet forest

near Waikealoha, Kaholuamanu, Sept. 4, 1909 (Arn.); Rock 5,707,

Waikealoha, Sept. 4, 1909 (Bish.; U.S.); Rock 5,963, high plateau,

Sept. 10, 1909 (Arn.); Rock 5,965, road to Waikealoha, Sept. 10,

1909 (Gray).

Krajina (loc. cit.) cited three specimens collected by him on

Kauai, all of them fruiting. His delineations were in part (fig. a-c,

f-k) from flowers, which may have been taken from typical, flowering

1 More specimens of Heller 2,244 from Kauai were distributed (Corn.; Par.;

Phila., my photograph no. 4,127, etc.) but were erroneously labeled as a part of

his similar number 2,244 from Konahuanui on Oahu, which was Ch. platyphyllum,

a species not known from Kauai.

16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

material collected by someone else on Kauai (e.g., Heller or Rock,

each cited by him) or from his own flowering specimen which he

cited as the type of his var. keakuense (vide infra) .

Cheirodendron kauaiense var. j8. keakuense Krajina, op.

cit. 98.

Different in its leaflets, these with blades longer than wide and

somewhat greener.

Type: Collected by Vladimir Krajina, in the eastern part of the

swamp forest of Alakai Swamp, alt. about 1,350 m., near Keaku

Cave, Isl. Kauai, Jan. 26, 1930 (Prague).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in central Kauai.

Specimens examined: None.

It is assumed here that Krajina, whose work on Cheirodendron

gives evidence of careful and thorough study, found his type, col-

lected as he stated in flowering condition, to have each floret with

5 stigmas as a rule. If so, he was doubtless right in associating his

plant, with its proportionately longer leaflets, with Ch. kauaiense.

A different pistil, with but two stigmas, would at once suggest,

however, either Ch. Helleri from just west of the Hanapepe River,

or its var. microcarpum from northwestern Kauai.

Cheirodendron kauaiense var. 7. Forbesii Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 5: 12. 1951.

Leaves 3- or at least for the juvenile branchlets up to 5-foliolate,

petiole 3-7.5 (for juvenile leaves up to 10) cm. long, leaflets entire,

membranaceous, glossy or dull above, ovate to oblong or narrowly

oblong-obovate, at base widely to moderately cuneate, at tip

rounded-obtuse to acuminate, blade 6-13 cm. long and 2.5-6 cm.

wide. Panicle under 1 dm. long including peduncle and under 8 cm.

wide, densely flowered, umbellets more often about 7- or 8-flowered;

drupes 5-pyrenate, black, under 5 mm. long including stigmas and

4 mm. thick; stigmas 5, spreading; pedicel slender, finally 4-5.5

mm. long.

Type: Collected by L. H. MacDaniels, no. 708A, Power Line

Trail, near summit, Isl. Kauai, Feb. 14, 1927 (type, Bish.).

Distribution: Eastern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 257-K, vicinity of Wa-

hiawa Swamp, August, 1909 (Bish.; U.S.); Forbes 266--K", same place

and date (Bish., my photograph no. 4,117; Chi.; Minn.); Forbes

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 17

27Q-K, same place and date (Bish., my photograph no. 4,118,

juvenile branchlet showing variation from 3 to 5 leaflets, these

thinner, broader, and faintly rhombic, and apically more acuminate) ;

MacDaniels 708A (type, Bish., my photograph no. 4,116).

The 5-angled drupes combine with the peculiarly shaped leaflets

and their utter lack of marginal serratures to stamp this variety as

very distinct from all varieties of Ch. trigynum, but allied with Ch.

kauaiense. It may have formed part of Hillebrand's form e (Fl.

Haw. Isls. 148, sub Ch. Gaudichaudii. 1888), but the leaflets are not

merely "subentire" as described by him, nor are the "styles 2-5."

On the few drupes left on Forbes 266-K and the large number on

the type, the styles or stigmas seem consistently 5.1

The leaflets of the type are especially glossy on their upper

surface, but on the Forbes specimens they are practically lusterless.

3. Cheirodendron Dominii Krajina, Preslia 10: 94, tab. II,

fig. a-m and tab. IV, fig. 2. 1931.

Small tree 3-7 m., more rarely a shrub up to only 1.5 m. tall.

Leaves ternate, as wide as long or wider, petiole 6.5-8.5 cm. long,

delicate; leaflets slenderly petiolulate, of a vigorous green, (2.5-)

3.5-5 or more rarely up to 6 cm. long, 4.5-6.5 or even to 7.5 cm.

wide, transversely reniform-oval, at base subtruncate to rarely

truncate-contracted, at apex subtruncate to subrotundate but mu-

cronate to abruptly and very sharply apiculate, on each edge sub-

remotely dentate with 4-8 slender uncinate teeth, thinly coriaceous,

when dry more or less chartaceous, at margins slightly thickened;

nervation pinnate, lateral nerves craspedodromous; petiolule 2-3.5

(-4.2) cm. long. Panicle small, as wide as or wider than long

(4.7-9.5 cm. long and 6.3-10 cm. wide), more often open, 40-70-

flowered, the branches diffuse to more or less spreading, umbellets

(3-) 4-6 (-8) -flowered, the pedicels in fruit 3-6 mm. long. Florets

6-6.7 mm. long, calyx 5-toothed, short, the teeth about 0.5 mm.

long. Corolla valvate, outwardly dark-purple, inwardly greenish;

petals apparently 3 actually 5 (coalescence having occurred in the

bud), opaque, broadly ovate or elliptic, 3-3.1 mm. long, at apex

cucullate and apiculate. Stamens 2.5-2.7 mm. long, filament 1.2-1.5

mm. long and 0.3-0.6 mm. thick, anther 2.2-2.4 mm. long and

1.2-1.5 mm. wide. Ovary 2.8-3.4 mm. long, at base 1.5 near top

2.8-3.3 mm. broad, 3(-5)-ovuled. Stylopodium minute (±0.8 mm.

1 In determinations in some herbaria, J. F. Rock applied the designation "e"

to very different Kauai material, this identical with specimens later made Ch.

trigynum var. multiflorum Skottsb. (Ch. Helleri var. multiflorum of this text).

18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

tall) at anthesis, scarcely protruding above the calyx-teeth. Style

persistent, rather short, 0.9-1.2 mm. tall above the drupe, stigmas

3 (-4-5), commonly inconspicuous. Drupe dark-purple, fleshy, sub-

globose, 6-6.3 mm. long including stigmas and 4.6-4.8 mm. wide,

when dry 3 (-4-5) -ribbed and coarsely rugose on surface, calyx

teeth extremely short and more or less appressed, pyrenae 3 (-4-5),

exocarp thick.

Type: Collected by Vladimir Krajina, in western part of swamp-

forest, Alakai Swamp near Kilohana, alt. about 1,210 m., Isl. Kauai,

Feb. 14, 1930 (Prague fide cl. Krajinae coram Sept. 11, 1951).

Distribution: From top of Mt. Waialeale, central Kauai, north-

westward to near Kilohana, in far northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined (all from Kauai): Cranwell, Selling, &

Skottsberg 3,053, alt. about 1,550 m., pali just below summit, Waia-

leale, Aug. 23, 1938 (Bish.; Goth., my photograph no. 4,146);

Albert S. Hitchcock 15,463, alt. 3,600-5,080 ft., Waialeale, Oct. 22-24,

1916 (U.S., my photograph no. 4,083).

4. Cheirodendron trigynum (Gaud.) Heller, Minnesota Bot.

Studs. 1: 870. 1897; Aralia trigyna Gaud, in Bot. Freycin. Voy.

tab. 98. 1826 (text, p. 474, January-March, 1830) ; Panax? Gaudi-

chaudii DC. Prodr. 4: 253. September, 1830; Hedera Gaudichaudii

(DC.) A. Gray, Bot. United States Explor. Exped. 719 (ex synon.

Gaudichaudii DC.), pi. 90 (excluding flowering spray). 1854; Cheiro-

dendron Gaudichaudii (DC.) Seem. Journ. Bot. 5: 236. 1867; J. F.

Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 361, pi. 146. 1913; Cheirodendron

Gaudichaudii form a Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888 (ex tab. Gaud.) ;

Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii var. a Rock, op. cit. 363 (exclud. E.

Maui).

For a key to the many varieties and forms of this species, see

the general key (pp. 7-11).

A tree 6-15 m. tall. Leaflets 3-5 rarely 6 or 7 (the outer ones

smaller), their blade ovate-oblong or at times somewhat obovate,

at base broadly cuneate to rounded or rarely subtruncate, at apex

rounded to obtuse often abruptly short-acuminate or uncinate-

apiculate, the somewhat thickened margin more or less crenate to

appressedly serrate (with the notch of each serrature enclosing a

gland), for the larger leaflets commonly 8-15 (rarely, perhaps on

sterile shoots, -20) cm. long and 3-6 (rarely -10) cm. wide, charta-

ceous to coriaceous, glabrous, on upper surface dull to glossy, nerva-

tion pinnate, lateral nerves more often imperfectly or scarcely

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 19

brochidodromous; petiolule 1-3 (rarely -6) cm. long; petiole 5-14

(rarely -30) cm. long. Panicle small and compact to large (12-23

cm. long including peduncle, this ±5.5 cm. long) and open, umbellets

mostly 6-12-flowered. Flowers greenish, calyx about 3 mm. long,

corolla about 2.2 mm. long; petals thick, ovate, spreading, caducous,

stamens nearly as long. Drupe ovoid to globose, 2-5- commonly

3-angled and reddish- or brownish-black when dry, 5-6 mm. wide

and 6-7.5 mm. long including stigmas, these short, thinnish, recurved,

and resting directly upon a stylopodium. Pyrenae 2-5 commonly

3. Pedicels slender and 3-9 mm. long at anthesis.

Type: Collected by Charles Gaudichaud, Voyage of the Uranie,

Hawaiian Isls., 1819 (Par.).

Distribution: Widespread on the Island of Hawaii.

Specimens examined (all from Isl. Hawaii or presumably so):

Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl Skottsberg 3,243, Kipuka

Puaulu, Kilauea, Sept. 13, 1938 (Goth.); Otto Degener, Amy Green-

well, & Toshio Murashige 20,348, in forest, numerous trees and all

uniformly heavily fruiting, near pit where David Douglas was

murdered, Mauna Kea, Aug. 23, 1949 (U.S., leaflets more acutely

toothed); Alice Eastwood, Bird Forest near volcano, Aug. 1-16,

1924 (Calif. Acad., 2 sheets); G. 0. Fagerlund & A. L. Mitchell 775,

tree 30 ft. tall, 2 trunks each 1 ft* diameter, alt. 4,000 ft., Kipuka

Puaulu, Aug. 16, 1943 (Bish.) ; Abbe Urbain Faurie 262, alt. 1,500

m., Maunakea, July, 1909 (Bish., isotype of Ch. trigynum var.

hawaiiense LeVl.) ; Charles N. Forbes 3Q-H, Puuwaawaa, June 8-14,

1911 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes 426-#, above Pahala, Kau District, Aug.

9-11, 1911 (Bish.); Albert S. Hitchcock 14,513, tree on lava, woods,

alt. 4,000 ft., Mt. Hualalai, Sept. 1, 1916 (U.S.) ; L. H. MacDaniels

217a, tree 12 m. tall, in fern forest, small forest reserve, alt. 1,250

m., along Volcano Road, near Volcano Kilauea, Nov. 10, 1926

(Bish.); Alfred Meebold, alt. 4,000 ft., Kipuka Puaulu, Kilauea, May,

1932 (Bish.) ; Marie Neat & Constance Hartt 808, in koa-lehua forest,

alt. 6,000-6,500 ft., Laumaia, Aug. 17, 1935 (Bish.); G. E, Olson,

tree ±15 ft. tall, bark light-colored, leaves mostly 5- some 4-6-f olio-

late, Bird Park, near Kilauea, Nov. 8, 1940 (Bish.) ; Olson, same place,

June 6, 1941 (Bish.); G. W, Russ, Kapapala, Kau District, August,

1927 (Bish., one leaf with 7 leaflets) ; W. A. Setchell, Kipuka Puaulu,

near Volcano Kilauea, July 31, 1924 (Univ. Calif.; U.S.); U.S.S.

Pacif. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes, Hawaii, 1838-1842

(Gray, 2 sheets; N.Y.).

20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Gaudichaud's epithet trigynum is the one that must be used for

this species. It was published in 1826, accompanying Gaudichaud's

ample plate 98, which, according to Art. 44, of the International

Rules, was sufficient to validate publication (as well stated by

Skottsberg, Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradg. 15: 416. 1844). Some

authors have, persisted in using De Candolle's epithet Gaudichaudii,

since Gaudichaud's description was not published until 1830. It

may be remarked, however, that the description for the epithet

trigynum was published in January or February or, at the latest,

early in March of 1830, whereas De Candolle's epithet Gaudichaudii

and its description did not appear until September of that year.1

Native name: Olapa throughout Hawaiian Islands; Mahu on

Molokai (fide Hillebrandii) ; Kauila Mahu on Kauai (fide Rockii) .

Cheirodendron trigynum var. ft. subcordatum Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 9. 1951.

Leaves 5-foliolate, petiole 7-9 cm. long; blade of leaflets ovate

or ovate-oblong, scarcely coriaceous, glossy above, basally (at least

for the larger leaves) truncate to cordate, at apex emarginate or

rounded to obtuse and abruptly uncinate-apiculate, at margins

coarsely crenate-serrate (serratures short or moderately extended

and inflexed-uncinulate, about 6-12 to each side), up to 17.5 cm.

long and to 10 cm. wide; petiolule 0.5-3 cm. long; panicle very large,

up to ±2.5 dm. long including peduncle (this ±9.5 cm. long) and to

1.6 dm. wide, open, umbellets often 10-15-flowered, pedicel at an-

thesis slender and 5-6 mm. long; calyx 3-3.2 mm. long; corolla

scarcely 2.5 mm. long; drupes unknown.

Type: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 3,861, in forest of

Waihou, alt. 4,000 ft., north of Puuwaawaa, northwestern Hawaii,

June 18, 1909 (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from type locality on north slope of

Mt. Hualalai, northwestern Hawaii.

Specimens examined (all from Hawaii) : Joseph F. Rock 3,860,

in dense forest, alt. 4,000 ft., Waihou, north of Puuwaawaa, slope

1 1 am indebted to Dr. H. W. Rickett, Bibliographer of the New York Bo-

tanical Garden, for confirmation of these lines. Under date of Nov. 19, 1951,

he wrote: "Your information on Aralia trigyna seems to be correct. Page 474 of

Gaudichaud's Voyage is included in a part noticed in the Bibliographic de France

for 6 March 1830. It must therefore have appeared before this time, probably

in January or February of that year. Volume IV of the Prodromus . . . appeared

in September 1830, according to Steam. Apparently the atlas of plates appeared

all at once in 1826." For Steam's paper dealing with publication dates for the

Prodromus of De Candolle, see Candollea 8: 3. 1939.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 21

of Hualalai, June 18, 1909 (Bish., topotype, my photograph no.

4,129); Rock 3,861 (type, Gray, my photograph no. 4,130); Rock

3,941, Hualalai, June 18, 1909 (topotype, Arn., my photograph no.

4,131).

A variety readily mistaken for the species proper, from which it

differs in the more or less cordate bases of its leaflets and the even

larger panicle, that on the type measuring slightly over 2.5 dm.

long including its peduncle, this (or what was kept when the panicle

was separately mounted) fully 9.5 cm. long.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. 7. Fosbergii Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 5: 7. 1951.

Tree ±5 m. tall, leaves 3-foliolate, petiole 4-10 cm. long; blade

of leaflets pale, widely ovate or subrotundate-ovate, at base truncate

or subtruncate, at apex shortly and abruptly acuminate or rotundate-

obtuse or rarely emarginate, at margins obsoletely and sharply

denticulate with few small teeth, up to 8 cm. long and to 7 cm.

wide; petiolule 2-5 cm. long. Inflorescence dark-brown, a terminal

panicle up to 13 cm. long including peduncle, its branches divaricate,

umbellets 3-5-flowered, pedicels thickish and 2-3.5 mm. long, ovary

3 mm. long, corolla 2 mm. long, petals ovate. Drupes black, com-

monly 4- rarely 3- or 5-pyrenate, under 5. 5 (-7) mm. long (includ-

ing the usually 4 but rarely 3 or 5 stigmas) and 4. 5 (-5. 5) mm.

thick.

Type: Collected by Francis Raymond Fosberg, no. 14,223 (Plantae

Exsiccatae Grayanae num. 855), a tree 5 m. tall, herbage with strong

oily odor when broken, inflorescence dark-brown, fruits black, on

wet wind-swept wooded ridge, main divide, alt. 825 m., crest of

Koolau Mountains above Kaipapau Gulch, Isl. Oahu, July 24,

1937 (Phila.).

Distribution: Koolau Mountains, northeastern Oahu.

Specimens examined (all from Oahu): Charles N. Forbes, Koo-

lauloa Mountains, between Punaluu and Kaipapau, Nov. 14-21,

1908 (Bish.; Chi.); Fosberg 14,223 (type, Phila., my photograph no.

4,106: isotypes, Calif. Acad.; Chi.; Corn.; Del.; Gray; Mo.; N.Y.;

Univ. Calif.; U.S.); Joseph F. Rock 313 (184), Koolau Range, Puna-

luu, Nov. 14-21, 1908 (Bish.; Chi.); Rock 561, Koolau Mountains,

above Punaluu Valley, Nov. 14-21, 1908 (Arn.).

A variety of narrowly restricted range geographically, with

usually smaller and more regularly shaped leaflets than in var.

halawanum and fruits mostly 4-pyrenate, not mostly 3-pyrenate.

22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Cheirodendron trigynum var. 5. mauiense LeVl. in Fedde

Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 154. 1912.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate, highly variable in size, petiole at times

12 cm. long; leaflets somewhat glossy above, mostly lanceolate to

broadly lance-oblong or narrowly oblong-ovate or -obovate, at base

more or less cuneate or rarely rounded, at apex acute to acuminate,

at margins subobsoletely to sharply serrulate (about 8-12 teeth to

each side), blade now 4-7 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide now up to 14

cm. long and to 5 cm. wide; petiolule 0.5-3 cm. long. Panicle termi-

nal, open, up to 8 cm. long including peduncle, branches divaricate,

umbellets numerously flowered (florets usually 6-10, sometimes to

15!), the slender pedicels 3-6.5 mm. long, ovary about 3 mm. long,

petals ovate-oblong and about 2.5 mm. long. Drupes black or

partly blackish-brown on drying, mostly 5-5.5 mm. long and nearly

as thick, pyrenae 3 or 4, stigmas 3 or 4 and very short.

Type: Collected by Abbe Urbain Faurie, no. 265, Olinda, East

Maui, August, 1909 (herb, not mentioned).

Distribution: East Maui.

Specimens examined (all from East Maui): Brigham, Anderson,

& Hosmer, Haleakala, 1909 (Bish.); Hugh McCottum Curran 67,

Maui, April, 1911 (U.S.); Otto Degener 2,244, in rain-forest, along

pipe-line trail, Olinda, June 14, 1927 (topotypes, Chi.; Corn.; N.Y.;

U.S.); Degener & Henry Wiebke 2,243, mesophytic woods north of

Olinda, June 16, 1927 (topotypes, Calif. Acad.; N.Y.; Univ. Calif.;

U.S.); Degener & David LeRoy Topping 9,578, in forest, along

pipe-line trail, Olinda, July 29, 1927 (topotypes, Mo.; N.Y.); Faurie

265 (isotypes, Arn., my photograph no. 4,087; Bish.); Charles N.

Forbes 220-M, woods near Ukulele, above Olinda, July, 1910 (Bish.;

Chi.); Forbes 1,247-M, Kaupo Gap, Aug. 25, 1919 (Bish.; Chi.);

William Hillebrand & Rev. John M. Lydgate, Makawao (Bish.);

Albert S. Hitchcock 14,929, tree in wet forest along pipe-line, east of

Olinda, alt. 4,000 ft., Oct. 1, 1916 (topotype, U.S.); George C. Munro

388, Auwahi, Ulupalakua, Feb. 12, 1915 (Bish.).

Occasionally the leaflets are broad enough to suggest a partial

transition toward var. confertiflorum. Indeed, Forbes 1,247-M,

referred here to var. mauiense, might by some workers be construed

as equally well referred to var. confertiflorum.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. e. oblongum Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 9. 1951.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 23

Blade of leaflets up to 10 or 11 cm. long and to 4-6 cm. wide, stigmas

commonly 3 var. e. oblongum sensu stricto.

Blade of leaflets moderately broader and shorter, stigmas commonly

4 var. e. oblongum f . 1. latins.

Leaflets 3-5 more rarely 6; blade oblong, up to 10 or 11 cm.

long and to 4-6 cm. wide, at apex commonly rotundate-obtuse at

times emarginate or subacute, at margins obsoletely up to very

sharply serrulate with 10-22 serratures to each side; panicles more

often numerous and small, commonly only 3.5-7 (rarely -9.5) cm.

long; umbellets more often 9-14-flowered; drupes trigonous, black

or black-purple, about 5 mm. long and a little less in width, stigmas

3 or very rarely 4.

Type: Collected by Gerrit P. Wilder, Ulupalakua, southwestern

East Maui, 1913 (Bish.).

Distribution: Southern East Maui.

Specimens examined (all from East Maui): Otto Degener 9,580,

just below rain-forest, north mauka of Ulupalakua, July 4, 1927

(topotypes, N.Y.; Phila.; U.S.); Degener 17,482, in foggy, open

forest, Paliku, within Haleakala, Aug. 17, 1939 (Mo.; N.Y.; Phila.;

U.S., 2 sheets); Charles N. Forbes 1,041-M, Keanae Gap, Crater of

Haleakala, Aug. 3, 1919 (Bish.); Forbes 1,874-M, Nuu, south slope

of Haleakala, Mar. 6, 1920 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes 2,041-M, Auwahi,

south slope of Haleakala, Mar. 20, 1920 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes

2,050-M, same place and date (Bish.; Chi.); William Hillebrand,

Ulupalakua (topotype, Bish.) ; Hillebrand 200, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft.,

"Haleakala South" (Kew) ; Wilder, Ulupalakua, 1913 (type, Bish.,

my photograph no. 4,119).

Cheirodendron trigynum var. e. oblongum f. 1. latius

Sherff, op. cit. 10.

Leaflets 3 or 4, moderately wider and shorter, more coriaceous,

often glossy on upper surface, stigmas of the commonly tetragonous

very rarely trigonous drupes commonly 4 very rarely 3.

Type: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 900-M, east of Ukulele,

East Maui, August, 1919 (Bish.).

Distribution: East Maui.

Specimens examined (all from East Maui): Otto Degener 2,245,

on fog-swept, eroded aa lava slope, Koolau Gap, Aug. 11, 1927

(U.S.); Degener 9,579, in cold, fog-swept region, Koolau Gap, Aug.

17, 1927 (Chi.; N.Y., my photograph no. 4,121); Charles N. Forbes

24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

703-M, Ukulele, July 11, 1919 (topotypes, Bish.; Chi.); Forbes 900-M

(type, Bish., my photograph no. 4,120).

Cheirodendron trigynum var. f. molokaiense Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 10. 1951.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiole 3-8 more rarely up to 11 cm. long;

blade of leaflets broadly oblong-oval to somewhat elliptic-oblong,

somewhat shiny above, at base rotundate or widely triangulate

sometimes oblique, at apex more or less acuminate, at margins more

often conspicuously uncinulate-denticulate (teeth 3-11 rarely -21

to each side, slender, antrorse), commonly 4-8 cm. long and 2-6

cm. wide; petiolule 1-3 cm. long. Panicle more often 6-7 at times

up to 9 cm. long including peduncle, finally lax, umbellets up to

4-10-flowered, pedicels 1-3 (-4) mm. long, ovary under 2 mm. long,

corolla under 1.5 mm. long, petals ovate or oblong; drupes reddish-

black when dry, rather small, 4-5.3 mm. long including stigmas and

3-4 mm. thick, commonly 3- more rarely 4-pyrenate and with a

corresponding number of stigmas.

Type: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 6,165, very common, on

edge of gulch above Kamoko (Kamoku), eastern Molokai, Mar.

23, 1910 (Am.).

Distribution: Eastern Molokai and West Maui.

Specimens examined, eastern Molokai: Otto Degener & Charles

Tousley 22,169, topping windswept, shrubby rain-forest, head of

Waikolu Valley, Mar. 15, 1952 (Berl.; Bish.; Chi.; Gray; N.Y.;

Par.; Phila.; U.S.); Abbe Urbain Faurie 264, alt. 1,000 m., Kamolo

(Kamalo), June, 1910 (Arn.); Faurie 267 pro parte, Pukoo, May,

1910 (Arn.; Bish.; my photograph no. 4,123A); Joseph F. Rock

6,165 (type, Arn., my photograph no. 4,100: isotypes, Bish.; Gray,

my photograph no. 4,101; U.S.); H. St. John et alii 12,368, moist

woods, alt. 3,700 ft., head of Waikolu Valley, Dec. 21, 1932 (Yunck.).

West Maui: Marie C. Neal, alt. 3,000-4,500 ft., in rain-forest,

on ridge, Puu Kukui, Aug. 16, 1933 (Bish.; Chi.); Harold St. John

10,191, tree 30 ft. tall, alt. 3,300 ft., ridge, Haelaau, Feb. 5, 1930

(Bish.; Chi.).

The small, reddish-black (when dry) frequently 4-pyrenate

drupes, the more or less numerously flowered umbellets, and the

usually conspicuous uncinulae of the leaf-margins distinguish this

variety rather easily. Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888) included

his Molokai material together with West Maui and Kohala Range

(Isl. Hawaii) material in his unnamed var. /3. His West Maui

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 25

specimens undoubtedly were var. K. confertiflorum and his Kohala

Range specimens var. £. acuminatum. These two varieties were

doubtless the basis of his "umbellets 4-5-flowered. Stigmas 3 or

2," while his "remotely but sharply dentate or serrate with long

incurved teeth" may well have come from the Molokai material,

var. f. molokaiense. It may be noted, however, that on Molokai

the umbellets are rather inconstant in the maximum number of

florets borne. On the type, for example, the largest umbellets have

4 or 5 florets, while on the isotype at Gray Herbarium they have

7-10.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. f . molokaiense f. 1. angustius

Sherff, op. cit. 11.

Blade of leaflets narrower, more often elliptic-oblong or oblong-

lanceolate, up to 12.5 cm. long.1

Type: Collected by Abbe Urbain Faurie, no. 267 pro parte,

Pukoo, eastern Molokai, May, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Eastern Molokai and West Maui.

Specimens examined, eastern Molokai: Lucy M. Cranwell 3,398,

very abundant, forest-forming, top of Wailau trail, Sept. 20, 1938

(Bish.); Otto Degener 9,581, in rain-forest, near Puu o Wahaula,

Apr. 17, 1928 (N.Y., sterile sprays); Degener 9,582, south of Pepeo-

pae, Apr. 13, 1928 (N.Y., two sterile specimens, one juvenile with

leaflets sparsely setose on one face); Degener 9,585, in rain-forest,

gully west of head of Waikolu Valley, Apr. 21, 1928 (Chi.; Mo.;

N.Y., 2 sheets; U.S.); Faurie 267 pro parte (type, Bish., my photo-

graph no. 4,123B).

West Maui: F. Fagerlind & Carl Skottsberg 6,695a, Palm Valley

near Haelaau, Mar. 28, 1948 (Stockh.).

In West Maui the forma angustius and the var. molokaiense

proper are somewhat closer to each other in leaflet form than on

Molokai.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. r\. osteostigma Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 12. 1951.

1 For his no. 6,695a from Palm Valley, West Maui (Stockh.) Skottsberg notes

"lower leaves with 5-7 leaflets;" and his 6.6956 (omitted from my list of specimens

examined) from the same locality consists (Stockh.) of one huge, presumably

lower leaf with a petiole 2.5 dm. long, petiolules up to 4.6 cm. long, and seven

leaflets, the largest with narrowly oblong-ovate, obtusely tipped but mucronulate,

pallid blade up to 1.9 dm. long and to 7.6 cm. wide, the 9-15 teeth on each side

small, antrorse, minutely uncinulate, much inflexed, the lateral nerves (as also

on his 6,695a) brochidodromous. The two smallest leaflets are 7.5-8.5 cm. long,

4-4.5 cm. wide and with but 3-5 teeth to each side.

26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Leaves small, 3- or 4-foliolate; petiole under 9.5 cm. long; blade

of leaflets more often ovate-lanceolate, at base rounded to widely

cuneate, at apex more or less acuminate and uncinate-mucronate,

at margins subentire to antrorsely and uncinulately few-toothed,

3-6 cm. long and 1.6-3.5 cm. wide. Panicles several, under 9 cm.

long, umbellets 3-5-flowered, pedicels 2-5 mm. long, calyx 3 mm.

long, petals oblong. Drupes reddish-black when dry, 5.5 mm. long

including stigmas and barely 4 mm. thick, commonly 3- rarely

4-pyrenate; stigmas 3 (rarely 4), in fruit short, subglobose or de-

pressed-globose, calloused-indurate and straw-colored.

Type: Collected by R. L. U singer, no. 2, alt. 2,500 ft., Mapulehu-

Punaula Ridge, southeastern Molokai, August, 1936 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality.

Specimens examined: U singer 2 (type, Bish., my photograph

no. 4,148).

Cheirodendron trigynum var. 6. halawanum Sherff, Bot.

Lean1, no. 5: 3. 1951; Hedera Gaudichaudii (DC.) A. Gray, Bot.

U. S. Explor. Exped. pi. 90. 1854 (as to flowering spray); Cheiro-

dendron Gaudichaudii form 8 Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888;

Panax Gaudichaudii var. 8 Drake del Cast. Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar.

Pacif. 181. 1890; Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii var. 8 Rock, Indig.

Trees Haw. Isls. 363. 1913.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiole 4-10 cm. long; blade of leaflets

thinnish, in the dry state now pallid now brownish and faintly

glossy, variously oval ovate subrhomboid-ovate or subrotundate-

ovate, at base truncate or broadly triangular to rotundate and often

oblique, at apex now rotundate-obtuse (at times uncinulate-mucro-

nulate) now subacute now emarginate, on each edge obsoletely to

sharply 1-9-denticulate the small teeth thickish, glandular, antrorse

or inflexed, 4-9 cm. long and 3-6.5 cm. wide; petiolule commonly

1.5-4 cm. long. Panicle terminal, 5-12 cm. long including peduncle,

branches spreading or divaricate, umbellets commonly up to 3-5-

more rarely to 8-flowered; pedicel slender, 1.5-4 mm. long; ovary

2 mm. long; corolla 3 mm. long, petals oblong. Drupes commonly

3- rarely 2-pyrenate, dark-brown or rarely black, 4.5-6 mm. long

including stigmas and about 3.5-5 mm. thick; stigmas commonly

3 rarely 2 (very rarely 4 or 5 even in the same inflorescence), now

very small now slenderish and 1-1.5 mm. long, spreading to recurved-

spreading.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 27

Type: Collected by United States South Pacific Exploring Expe-

dition under Captain Wilkes, locality not stated, 1838-1842 (U.S.,

herb, sheet no. 65,774).

Distribution: Widely distributed in the Koolau and Waianae

ranges of Oahu; known from Kaiholena in central Lanai; rare in

eastern Molokai, where apparently passing into or represented by

var. f. molokaiense; perhaps on Niihau (vide footnote below, p. 28,

on "Panax? ovatum Hook. & Arn.").

Specimens examined, Isl. Oahu: H. F. Bergman, Mt. Kaala,

Feb. 11, 1928 (Bish.) ; Richard S. Cowan 692, ridge trail to Palikea,

Honouliuli, August, 1947 (Bish.); Otto Degener et al. 9,574, in open

rain-forest, north slope of South Halawa Gulch, Apr. 17, 1932

(N.Y.; U.S.); Abbe Urbain Faurie 263 pro parte, alt. 600 m., Kalihi,

October, 1909 (Arn., my photograph no. 4,109);* Charles N. Forbes,

ridge west of Kalihi Valley, Aug. 18, 1908 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes,

same locality, Dec. 24, 1908 (Bish.; Chi., my photograph no. 4,108);

Forbes, Lanihuli Trail, Sept. 17, 1908 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes, Makaha

Valley, Feb. 12-19, 1909 (Bish.; Chi.); D. Wesley Garber 223,

Pauoa-Konahuanui Trail, Feb. 15, 1920 (Bish.); Gaudichaud, Voyage

of the Bonite, Oahu, 1836 (Gray) ; Amos A. Heller 2,313, on lower

slopes of Konahuanui, above Manoa, May 13, 1895 (Chi.; Corn.,

my photograph no. 4,107; Mo.; N.Y.; Phila., my photograph no.

4,099; Univ. Calif.; U.S.); Better (similarly) 2,313, same locality,

May 28, 1895 (Gray) ; William Hillebrand, Oahu (Gray) ; Hillebrand

99, Nuuanu (Kew); Hillebrand 257, Nuuanu and Pauoa (Kew);

Hillebrand & Rev. John M. Lydgate, Oahu (Bish.); Mrs. G. Earle

Kelly, Koolau Mts., July, 1916 (Calif. Acad.); Frank Kitamura,

wooded moist ridge, alt. 1,675 ft., Kaipapau Forest Reserve, Hauula,

Oct. 15, 1933 (Bish.); Horace Mann & William Brigham 379 pro

parte, Oahu (Bish.; Chi.; U.S., 2 sheets; confused in some herbaria

with var. confertiflorum of Maui) ; Mann & Brigham 605 p. p., Kona-

huanui (Bish.); Alfred Meebold, alt. 3,500 ft., Makaleha Ridge,

June, 1932 (Bish.); Amy Suehiro, on ridge, Kaipapau, Oct. 15, 1933;

U. S. S. Pacif. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes, locality not

stated, 1838-1842 (type, U.S., herb, sheet no. 65,774, my photo-

graph no. 4,0916: isotype fragment, a leaf with two leaflets remaining,

1 Faurie 263 at the Arnold Arboretum is accompanied with a second spray,

having larger fruits, these 8-10 in the larger umbellets, many with 2 pyrenae

and 2 stigmas, the rest with 3, the elongate stigmas slender, recurved, and 1-1.5

mm. long, the drupes (stigmas, as throughout my text, included) up to 6.5 mm.

long and to 5.5 mm. wide. Judgment as to the true status of this somewhat

anomalous second spray seems best suspended for the present.

28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Gray) ; R. L. Wilbur 442, tree 15 ft. by 3 in., Manoa Cliff Trail to

Pauoa Flats, Feb. 23, 1948 (U.S.).

Isl. Molokai : Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl Skottsberg

2,502, forest at head of Waikolu on trail to Pepeopae, July 9, 1938

(Bish.); Hillebrand & Lydgate, Molokai (Bish.).

Isl. Lanai: G. C. Munro 21, Kaiholena (Bish., 2 sheets).

Hawaiian Isls.: Jules Remy 495, annis 1851-1855 (Par.).

The type and isotype sheets both bear specimens of var. Hille-

brandii along with those of the sharply different var. halawanum.

Each sheet has a label with the inscription, in Asa Gray's own hand,

"Hedera Gaudichaudii var. /3," whence it is evident that Gray's

unnamed var. /8 (Bot. U. S. Explor. Exped. 719. 1854) was based

by him on at least two sets of varietally different material. The

labels do not carry the habitat, but in Gray's text his var. /8 was

said to come from "Oahu and the western part of Maui." Un-

questionably his western Maui material was of still a third

variety.

If we exclude Gray's Maui material and his material now named

var. Hillebrandii, it is seen that the remainder was the variety here

named halawanum and which had been regarded, though surely

with little justification, as the "Panax? ovatum" of Hook. & Arn.

(Bot. Beechey's Voy. 84. 1832), by Gray, by Hillebrand, and by

others.1

Gray's plate (Bot. U. S. Explor. Exped. pi. 90. 1854) of the

species proper (his Hedera Gaudichaudii or our presently accepted

Cheirodendron trigynum) is seen to have been drawn, as to its flower-

ing spray, from a herbarium sheet no. 65,773 (U.S.). This sheet

bears a single large flowering spray with leaves and umbellets (these

4- or 5-flowered) fairly typical of var. halawanum but with the tips

of some of the leaflets shortly and subabruptly acuminate. The

label says "Hawaii," but there seems a likelihood that the specimen

came from Oahu. The attached packet bears many fruits, these

with three stigmas, although Gray's plate shows five.

1 Panax? ovatum Hook. & Arn. was collected by Lay & Collie on the Island

of Niihau ("Oneeheow" of the old spelling). It consisted of a single specimen,

without flowers or fruits. Its 3 leaflets were ovate, very entire, coriaceous, not

acuminate but slightly obtuse, their upper surface glossy. I have seen no Cheiro-

dendron material from Niihau and cannot say what kind of flowers or fruits the

"ovatum" material on Niihau really has. In any case, however, the name "ovatum"

has never been used, so far as I can learn, for varietal status under Ch. trigynum.

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888) included the "ovatum" concept under his

unnamed form 5.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 29

Cheirodendron trigynum var. i. Hillebrandii Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 5. 1951; Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii form 7 Hillebr.

Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888; Panax Gaudichaudii var. 7 Drake del

Cast. Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 181. 1890; Cheirodendron Gaudi-

chaudii var. 7 Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 363. 1913.

Leaflets 3 to rarely 5 (fide Hillebrandii), variously obovate

wide-ovate or subrotund, pale, at apex subacuminate or rarely

emarginate, at base broadly cuneate, at margins subentire or re-

motely and obsoletely denticulate, blade up to ±6.5 cm. long and

to 4-5 cm. wide; petiolule 1.5-3 cm. long; petiole up to ±7.5 cm.

long. Panicle finally ±11 cm. long including peduncle, umbellets 6-8-

flowered; drupes 6-7 mm. long including stigmas (these 2-5 but

commonly 5, short, thick) and under 5 mm. thick, pyrenae mostly 3.

Type: Collected by the United States South Pacific Exploring

Expedition under Captain Wilkes, Hawaiian Islands, 1838-1842

(U.S.).

Distribution: Island of Oahu.

Specimens examined (all from Oahu) : E. H. Bryan, Jr., summit

of Lanihuli, July 18, 1920 (Bish.); W. A. Bryan, alt. 2,000 ft.,

Konahuanui, Jan. 10, 1904 (Bish.); Otto Degener, near summit

divide, Wilhelmina Rise, Nov. 11, 1931 (N.Y.); Degener, 0., Miss

Amy Greenwell, & Toshio Murashige 19,685, in open rain-forest near

summit, Wiliwilinui Ridge, June 27, 1949 (U.S. ; 2 sheets) ; Degener,

Park, Potter, Bush, & Topping 9,992, in rain-forest at summit, west

of Poamoho Trail, Laie, Aug. 25, 1935 (Calif. Acad.; Chi.; Corn.;

Del.; Mo.; N.Y.; U.S.); Charles N. Forbes (with J. F. G. Stokes),

Waiolani Ridge, June 28, 1908 (Bish.); Forbes, same place, Sept.

17, 1908 (Bish.); J. Arthur Harris C242,165, alt. about 2,400 ft.,

ridge of Koolau Range between Kahana and Wahiawa valleys, Aug.

31, 1924 (Bish.; Goth.; N.Y.); William Hillebrand, alt. 3,000-4,000

ft., Konahuanui and Mt. Kaala (Gray); Hillebrand, Mt. Kaala

(Bish.); Hillebrand 258, Mt. Kaala (Kew); Hillebrand 262, Mt.

Kaala (Kew) ; Edward Y. Hosaka 329, alt. 1,500 ft., South Opaeula

Gulch, Paalaa, Nov. 9, 1930 (Bish.); L. H. MacDaniels 93, alt. 700

m., rain-forest, Konahuanui, Nov. 1, 1926 (Bish.) ; MacDaniels 292,

alt. 1,000 m., Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail, near Waipio Valley,

slope of Mt. Kaala, Nov. 19, 1926 (Bish.) ; MacDaniels 351, Lanihuli

Ridge Trail, Jan. 23, 1927 (Bish.) ; MacDaniels 486, Palolo-Waialae

Ridge, Jan. 27, 1927 (Bish.); Joseph F. Rock 647, Punaluu, Dec.

24-29, 1908 (Bish.); Rock 744, Koolau Mts., Punaluu, Dec. 3-14,

1908 (Gray); Rock 758, Punaluu, Dec. 3-14, 1908 (Bish.); G. W. Russ,

30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Nuuanu p. p., top of Lanihuli, July 19, 1933 (Bish.) ; D. LeRoy Topping

2,831, Bowman Trail, Aug. 31, 1924 (N.Y.; Univ. Calif.); Topping

2,966, Konahuanui, Dec. 28, 1924 (Arn.; N.Y.; Univ. Calif.);

U. S. S. Pacif. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes, Hawaiian Isls.,

1838-1842 (type, U.S., my photograph no. 4,091a: isotype, Gray).

The sheet (U.S. herb. no. 65,774) bearing the type of var.

Hillebrandii bears also, beneath, a large flowering specimen of the

var. halawanum (my photograph no. 4,0916). Both were included

in the basis of Asa Gray's Hedera Gaudichaudii var. /3 (Bot. U. S.

Explor. Exped. 719. 1854). For the range of his var. ft he gave

(loc. cit.) "Oahu and the western part of Maui." Neither var.

Hillebrandii nor var. halawanum is known to me from West Maui

and it is likely that any West Maui material Gray might have seen

was of the variety now named confertiflorum.

Several of the fruiting umbellets of the var. Hillebrandii type still

possess seven or eight drupes each. There can be no doubt that

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888) had this variety in mind when

he described his Ch. Gaudichaudii form 7 (listed as var. 7 by Rock,

Indig. Trees. Haw. Isls. 363. 1913).

Cheirodendron trigynum var. K. confertiflorum Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 2. 1951.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate; petiole 6-13 cm. long; blade of leaflets

thinnish, moderately glossy above 'or at times dull, oblong to broadly

ovate or sometimes obovate, at base rounded to broadly triangular,

at apex shortly and abruptly caudate-acuminate, at margins irregu-

larly subrepand or subcrenate and subentire to remotely denticulate

with delicate and often inflexed teeth, 3.5-10.5 cm. long and 2-6.5

cm. wide (the minimum dimensions pertaining to the lateral leaflets,

especially the outermost ones of 5-foliolate leaves) ; petiolule 1-3 cm.

long. Panicle up to 12 cm. long including peduncle, abundantly

flowered, umbellets commonly 4- or 5-flowered; pedicels slender,

about 3-3.5 mm. long; florets about 4-4.5 mm. long, ovary about

2-2.2 mm. long. Drupes drying dark-brown, 4-5 mm. long including

the usually 3 stigmas and 3.5-4 mm. thick; pyrenae usually 3;

stigmas very short, thick, and blunt.

Type: Collected by Horace Mann & William T. Brigham, no.

379 pro parte, West Maui (Corn.).

Distribution: Common in West and rare in East Maui.

Specimens examined, West Maui: Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., 635, alt.

5,200 ft., upper edge of rain-forest, on edge of open bogs, Puu

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 31

Kukui, Dec. 18, 1928 (Bish.) ; Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, &

Carl Skottsberg 2,695, alt. about 1,750 m., summit forest on Puu

Kukui, July 25, 1938 (Bish.; Goth.); Otto Degener 9,577, in forest

north of Mt. Eke, Aug. 28, 1927 (Mo.; N.Y.; Phila.); G. R. Ewart,

III, no. 80, alt. 4,000 ft., Haelaau-Puu Kukui Trail, Dec. 18, 1928

(Bish.; N.Y.); G. R. Ewart, III, no. 86, alt. 5,000 ft., rain-forest,

near edge of open bog, Puu Kukui, same date (Bish.); Charles N.

Forbes 419-M, Eke Trail to Halfway House, Sept. 25-Oct. 17, 1917

(Bish.; Chi.); Forbes & C. M. Cooke, Jr., 20-M, Maunahooma, May,

1910 (Bish. ; Chi.) ; William Hillebrand, West Maui (Bish., ex herb.

Hillebrandii in Herb. Berolinense sub inscript. Cheirodendron Gaudi-

chaudii var. ft. Hillebr.); Horace Mann & William T. Brigham 379

pro parte (type, Corn., my photograph no. 4,094: isotypes, Chi.;

Gray; U.S.).

East Maui: Forbes 1,667-M, on top of ridge, right side of Kipa-

hulu, Nov. 17, 1919 (Bish.; Chi.; approaching, in its more open

inflorescence, var. acuminatum of northwestern Hawaii); Forbes

2,629-M, west ridge of Haipuaena, north slope of Haleakala, June

28-30, 1920 (Bish.; U.S.); Rock, Nahiku, Jan. 11, 1909 (Bish.;

Chi.).

A variety suggestive of var. acuminatum of northwestern Hawaii,

immediately to the southeast across the Alenuihaha Channel from

East Maui, but having leaflets usually much larger and an inflores-

cence more compact. Forbes 1,667-M from East Maui, with its

leaflets characteristic of var. confertiflorum but with more open

inflorescence, would seem to be a transitional form between the two

varieties.

Mann & Brigham issued two collections under their no. 379,

one from Maui (W. Maui is given on one label, U.S.) and the other

from Oahu. The latter is referred to var. halawanum (qu. vide}.1

Special mention may be made of the above cited Hillebrand

specimen from West Maui, since the inscription on its label shows

that by his var. ft (published as form ft in his Flora of the Hawaiian

Islands, p. 148. 1888) Hillebrand meant, as to his West Maui material,

our var. confertiflorum.

1 One sheet of Mann & Brigham 379 at Washington (U.S.) has the label

saying "Maui & Oahu." It bears a flowering spray at the top, of the (mostly

West) Maui var. confertiflorum. At the bottom is a fruiting specimen of the

Oahu var. halawanum. A second sheet (U.S.) says merely "W. Maui" but this is

clearly an error (except in so far as it shows that their Maui material came from

West Maui), since the one fruiting spray borne thereon is likewise the Oahu var.

halawanum.

32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Cheirodendron trigynum var. X. Rockii Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 5:8. 1951.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiole 6-12 cm. long; blade of leaflets

somewhat shiny above, ovate-lanceolate, at base broadly cuneate

or subrotundate, at apex acute, on each edge obsoletely or moderately

±6-dentate (the largest teeth inflexed, about 0.5-1 mm. long on

side toward leaf's apex, and subtending a gland), more often 7-9

(sometimes -11.5) cm. long and 2-4.5 (sometimes -6) cm. wide;

petiolule 1-2.5 cm. long. Panicle terminal, open or somewhat dense,

about 12-15 cm. long including peduncle, branches broadly spread-

ing, umbellets 4-6-flowered, pedicels 2-3 mm. long in fruit. Drupes

drying black, small, about 4-4.5 mm. long including the normally

3 stigmas (these very short — about 0.3 mm. long — and diverging)

and 3-4 mm. thick.

Type: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, Mahana ridge, Isl. Lanai,

July, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Of unknown extent on Lanai.

Specimens examined (all from Lanai): Joseph F. Rock, near

summit, 1910 (Bish.; Chi.); Rock, Mahana ridge, July, 1910 (type,

Bish., my photograph no. 4,111: isotype, Arn., my photograph no.

4,102).

Cheirodendron trigynum var. /z. Skottsbergii Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 7. 1951.

Tree, leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiole 3.5-9 cm. long, petiolules

1-3.5 cm. long; blade of leaflets pallid, elliptic-oblong to oval-oblong

rarely a few obovate or ovate, at base broadly cuneate to rounded,

at apex obtuse or at times barely acuminate even mucronulate, at

margins not truly crenate but obsoletely or sometimes very con-

spicuously and more or less remotely inflexed-denticulate, up to

10.5 cm. long and to 6.5 cm. wide. Panicle terminal or lateral, lax,

up to 14 cm. long including peduncle, branches divaricate or sub-

reflexed, umbellets commonly 3-5-flowered, pedicels slender and 3-5

mm. long, ovary about 2.5 mm. long, corolla barely 2 mm. long,

petals ovate. Drupes black or reddish-black at least when dry,

3-pyrenate, 4-5 mm. long including the 3 stigmas (these thick,

diverging, very short) and 3.5-4.5 mm. wide.

Type: Collected by Albert S. Hitchcock, no. 14,765, tree in upper

forest, alt. 4,000-5,000 ft., Puu Kukui, West Maui, Sept. 24-26,

1916 (U.S.).

Distribution: Mountains of West Maui and Lanai.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 33

Specimens examined, West Maui: Degener, Tarn, Tousley, &

Barber 22,026, rain-forest, mauka of McGregor, Mar. 9, 1952 (Arn. ;

Calif. Acad.; Chi.; Del.; Gray; Kew; Mo.; N.Y.; Par.); Albert S.

Hitchcock 14,765 (type, U.S., my photograph no. 4,110); Hitchcock

14,851, tree in upper forest, alt. 3,000-5,000 ft., same place and date

(topotype, U.S.).

Isl. Lanai: Charles N. Forbes 218-L, mountains at east end of

Lanai, June, 1913 (Bish.; Chi.; U.S.); Forbes 383-L, Lanai, Sep-

tember, 1917 (Bish., my photograph no. 4,122); Hitchcock 14,681,

tree on upper part of mountain, Sept. 21, 1916 (U.S., my photo-

graph no. 4,103) ; F. Fagerlind & C. Skottsberg 6,428, summit ridge,

Feb. 25, 1948 (Stockh.).

The Lanai specimens, at first regarded by me as distinct, have

leaflets slightly more thickish, also a tendency to become brown

and slightly glossy on drying. Otherwise they seem inseparable

from West Maui material. The latter has leaflets close to those of

the var. multiflorum of Ch. Helleri, of Kauai, but differs in its smaller

drupes (these with 3, seldom only 2 pyrenae) and their diminutive,

scarcely visible stigmata.

Skottsberg and his associates collected in the type locality some

specimens with broadly oblong-ovate, truncate-based, and round-

tipped leaflets (Cranwell, Setting, & Skottsberg 2,695, alt. circ. 1,750

m., summit forest on Puu Kukui, July 25, 1938), which Skottsberg

(Meddel. Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 15: 418. 1944) doubtfully regarded as

representing a form of his new var. acuminatum. A flowering speci-

men before me (Bish.) belongs neither to var. £. acuminatum nor to

var. n. Skottsbergii, but to var. K. confertiflorum (qu. vide).

The only other variety of Ch. trigynum known from Lanai is

var. X. Rockii, which has leaflets ovate-lanceolate, basally broad-

cuneate, and apically acute.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. v. Ilicoides Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 5: 10. 1951.

Similar to the species proper but with leaflets not crenate, each

side more often 5-15-dentate (teeth elongate, antrorse, irregularly

uncinulate) ; umbellets only 3-5-flowered.

Type: Collected by L. H. MacDaniels, no. 320, spreading tree

10 m. tall, on rough lava, alt. 1,000 m., Puuwaawaa, Isl. Hawaii,

Dec. 1, 1926 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northwestern Hawaii.

34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Specimens examined (all from northwestern Hawaii) : MacDaniels

320 (type, Bish., my photograph no. 4,114) ; Alfred Meebold 20,889,

alt. 5,000 ft., Hualalai, November, 1935 (N.Y.); Joseph F. Rock

12,977, "Waihou forest," Puuwaawaa, August, 1917 (Bish., my

photograph no. 4,115).

The type has leaflets very similar in shape and marginal teeth

to those of typical var. molokaiense of Molokai, but the drupes

have a volume twice as great as in that variety and the umbellets

are fewer- (up to 4- or 5- not to 10-) flowered. From the species

proper, so common on Hawaii, var. Ilicoides can be told by the

sharp, elongate, antrorse marginal teeth on its leaflets (these not

crenate) and its few-flowered umbellets. The varietal name alludes

more particularly to Ilex opaca Ait., to the leaves of which the leaflets

display a fanciful resemblance.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. £. acuminatum Skottsb.

Meddel. Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 15: 417. 1944 (only as to material from

Kohala Mts., Isl. Hawaii); Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii form ft

Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 148. 1888 (only as to material from Kohala

Range) ; Panax Gaudichaudii var. ft Drake del Cast. Illustr. Fl. Ins.

Mar. Pacif . 181. 1890 (only as to material from Isl. Hawaii) ; Cheiro-

dendron Gaudichaudii var. ft Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 363. 1913

(only as to material from Isl. Hawaii).

Small tree. Leaves 3-5-foliolate; petiole 5-11 cm. long; petio-

lules 2.5-4 cm. long; blade of leaflets broadly ovate to orbicular, at

base truncate or broadly rounded to subcuneate, at apex abruptly

acuminate to caudate, at margins subentire to remotely serrate with

obsolete or short-uncinate teeth, light-green and somewhat glossy

above (more or less brownish when dried), paler beneath, commonly

4-8 cm. long and 3-6.5 cm. wide. Panicle terminal, ample, open,

11-13 cm. long including peduncle, branches mostly divaricate,

umbellets 3- or 4- or rarely to 6-flowered; pedicels 5-8 mm. long;

florets mostly 5- sometimes 6-merous, 5-7 mm. long, ovary about

3-3.5 mm. long and 2-2.5 mm. thick; calyx-teeth very minute;

petals oblong-ovate, 2-3.2 mm. long and 1-1.5 mm. wide; stamens

included. Drupes drying black, delicate, 5-5.5 mm. long including

stigmas (these 3 or sometimes 2, very minute, thickish, and scarcely

diverging) and about 4 mm. thick; pyrenae normally 3, sometimes

only 2.

Type: Collected by William Hillebr and in Kohala Range, Isl.

Hawaii (type lost with the recent destruction, by war, of the Berlin

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 35

Herbarium). While Skottsberg rested his name upon Hillebrand's

form /3 (excluding plants from West Maui and Molokai) as a synonym,

thus making a Hillebrand plant technically his type, he actually

used the Cranwell et al. 3,139 material as an important basis for his

description of var. acuminatum.

Distribution : Known only from the mountains of North Kohala,

north westernmost Hawaii.

Specimens examined (all assumedly from northwesternmost

Hawaii) : William T. Brigham, Hawaii, 1899 (Bish.) ; Lucy M. Cran-

well, Olof H. Selling, & Carl Skottsberg 3,139, Upper Hamakua Valley

ditch trail at head of Koiawe Valley near first ditchman's house,

Kohala Mts., flowering, Sept. 7, 1938 (Goth.); Otto Degener & Henry

Wiebke 2,076, open woods, 17 miles from Kohala toward Waimea,

Aug. 14, 1926 (Goth.; N.Y.; Univ. Calif.; U.S., my photograph no.

4,085) ; F. Fagerlind & Carl Skottsberg 6,163, Hamakua Trail above

Waipio, Kohala Mts., Jan. 31, 1948 (Stbckh.); Albert S. Hitchcock

14,338, tree in upper pasture, alt. about 4,000 ft., Waimea, Aug.

25, 1916 (U.S.); Joseph F. Rock 8,372, woods of Kohala, west of

Honokane Nui Gulch, June, 1910 (Arn.; Bish.; Gray); Carl Skotts-

berg 6,827, alt. 1,666 m., in forest on summit of Kohala Mts., Apr.

6, 1948 (Stockh.).

Skottsberg (loc. cit.) included Degener & Wiebke 2,094 under var.

acuminatum, but that plant is referred by me to var. Degeneri f.

pauciflorum. The West Maui collection (Bog Survey no. 2,695),

treated doubtfully by Skottsberg as a form of var. acuminatum, is

to be referred to var. confertiflorum. The Molokai collection (Cran-

well 3,398), likewise treated doubtfully by him as a form of var.

acuminatum, is referred by me to var. molokaiense f. angustius (qu.

vide). Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii form 0 Hillebr. (Fl. Haw. Isls.

148. 1888), later raised to varietal status under the binomial Panax

Gaudichaudii by Drake del Castillo (Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 181.

1890), was at least in part (and particularly as to Kohala Range

specimens) the var. acuminatum.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. o. Degeneri Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 5: 4. 1951.

Umbellets mostly 6-8-flowered . var. o. Degeneri sensu stricto.

Umbellets 2-5-flowered var. o. Degeneri f . 1. pauciflorum.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate, petiole 5-13 cm. long; blade of leaflets

rounded-ovate to widely oval-oblong, at base truncate or rounded

36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

to very broadly triangulate, at apex obtuse or more often sub-

abruptly acuminate, at margins remotely and shortly serrulate

(serratures now straight now inflexed), 7-10 cm. long and 4-8 cm.

wide, greenish-brown when dry but not glossy; petiolules 1-4.5

cm. long. Panicle lax and open, up to 1.5 dm. long including pe-

duncle, branches divaricate or slightly reflexed, umbellets commonly

6-8-flowered, pedicels 3-5 (rarely -6) mm. long, ovary scarcely 2

mm. long; corolla about 2.5 mm. long, petals oblong-ovate; stamens

included. Drupes intensely black when dry, 3-pyrenate, 4.5-6 mm.

long including the 3 stigmas (these small and squarrose) and under

5 mm. thick.

Type: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 9,576, in dark, wet jungle,

between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Isl. Hawaii, June 23, 1929 (U.S.).

Distribution: Known only from southeastern Hawaii.

Specimens examined (all from southeastern Hawaii): Otto De-

gener 1,600, in tree-fern forest, Kilauea, Dec. 18, 1923 (N.Y.);

Degener 9,575, in wet jungle, between Glenwood and 29 Miles, June

28, 1929 (N.Y.); Degener 9,576 (type, U.S., my photograph no.

4,092: isotypes, Chi., my photograph no. 4,093; Corn.; Mo.; N.Y.;

Univ. Calif.; U.S.); Degener 21,802, tree 10-30 ft. tall, epiphytic

and terrestrial in rich forest, near Kulani Prison Road, Feb. 3, 1952

(Bish.; Chi.; Del.; Gray; Kew; N.Y.); Charles N. Forbes 654-#, Olaa

Flume, June 2, 1915 (Bish.; Chi.); L. H. MacDaniels 217, tree 12 m.

tall, alt. 1,250 m., in fern forest, small forest reserve along Volcano

Road, near Volcano Kilauea, Nov. 10, 1926 (Bish.); G. W. Russ,

Punaluu Gulch, alt. 5,000 ft., September, 1927 (Bish.); W. A. &

C. B. Setchell, Volcano Road, June 26, 1924 (Univ. Calif.).

This variety, including the following forma, suggests var. £.

acuminatum, but the leaflets are mostly much larger than in that

variety. Var. Degeneri proper differs further in having its umbellets

mostly 6-8 (not 3-5) -flowered. The black (dried) drupes appear

quite different from the usually brownish (dried) ones of var.

halawanum, nor are the leaflets commonly obtuse as in that variety.

Cheirodendron trigynum var. o. Degeneri f. 1. pauciflorum

Sherff, Bot. Leafl. no. 5: 5. 1951.

Umbellets mostly only 2-5-flowered, leaflets at times widely and

subdeltoidly rounded-ovate with a blade 6-10 cm. wide.

Type: Collected by Otto Degener & Henry Wiebke, no. 2,094, in

jungle between Glenwood and Kilauea, Isl. Hawaii, July 27, 1926

(U.S.).

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 37

Distribution: Southeastern and northwestern Hawaii.

Specimens examined (all from Hawaii) : Degener & Wiebke 2,094

(type, U.S., my photograph no. 4,105: isotypes, Goth., 2 sheets;

N.Y.; Univ. Calif.); Jules Remy 494, Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Par.);

Carl Skottsberg 560, fern forest, alt. about 1,200 m., Kilauea, Sept.

17, 1922 (Goth., 2 sheets); Harold St. John & Edward Y. Hosaka

11,447, moist woods, alt. 2,900 ft., Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail,

Waipio, Kohala Mts., Jan. 1, 1932 (Bish., my photograph no.

4,113; Chi.).

5. Cheirodendron Fauriei Hochr. Candollea 2: 487. 1925;

Cheirodendron trigynum var. kauaiense LeVl. in Fedde Repert. 10:

154. 1911; Cheirodendron wahiawense Krajina, Preslia 10: 98, tab.

II, fig. N; tab. Ill, fig. N and 0; tab. V, fig. 2. 1931.

Leaflets often ovate to orbicular, mostly under 8.5 cm. long and

wide, at base very broadly cuneate to cuneate-contracted.

Ch. Fauriei sensu stricto.

Leaflets broadly orbicular-deltoid to transversely oblong, the larger

ones 9-12.5 cm. wide, at base very broad and truncate to sub-

cordate Ch. Fauriei var. /3. Macdanielsii.

Tree up to 12 m. tall. Leaves trifoliolate, petiole up to 10.5

cm. long; blade of leaflets widely ovate to orbicular or even trans-

versely oblong, up to 7-8.5 cm. long and to about as wide, in dry

state dull or sometimes slightly lustrous, at base very broadly

cuneate to cuneate-contracted, at the rounded to subtruncate apex

abruptly apiculate or short-acuminate, on each side somewhat in-

crassate-margined and 3-9-dentate (the slender teeth more or less

antrorse and uncinulate); nervation pinnate, the lateral nerves

brochidodromous; petiolules 2-4 cm. long. Panicle 7-8 (or some-

times -11) cm. long including peduncle, in fruit up to 9 cm. wide,

now few- now many- (±75-) flowered, umbellets variously up to

about 10-flowered. Flowers (a single one seen) about 6 mm. long,

calyx urceolate and about 2.5 mm. tall. Drupes very fleshy, brown-

ish and rugose in dry state, much compressed, up to 7.3 mm. long

(stigmas included) up to 8.5 mm. wide and to 4 mm. thick; pyrenae

2, thick, very hard; exocarp thick; style short (0.5 mm.), the 2

stigmas very small (barely 0.5 mm. long) and diverging.

Type: Collected by Abbe Urbain Faurie, no. 266, Eleele, Isl.

Kauai, December, 1909 (herbarium not stated; Skottsberg — Meddel.

Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 15: 418. 1944 — cites a specimen seen by him

at Paris).

38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Distribution: Southeastern quarter or third of Kauai.

Specimens examined (all from Kauai): Otto Degener 17,179, in

rain-forest, alt. about 1,800 ft., Kalualea, Koloa, Dec. 31, 1939

(N.Y.; Phila., my photograph no. 4,090; U.S., my photograph no.

4,084); F. Fagerlind & Carl Skottsberg 6,488, alt. 600 m., edge of

Wahiawa Swamp, Mar. 5, 1948 (Stockh.) ; Charles N. Forbes 3-K,

low tree 9 ft. tall, Lihue District, July 8, 1909 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes

194-K, tree 10-30 ft. tall, Wahiawa Mts., August, 1909 (Bish.;

Chi.); L. H. MacDaniels 634, tree 6 m. tall, wet forest, alt. 700 m.,

above Wahiawa, Feb. 8, 1927 (Bish.); MacDaniels 698, tree 9 m.

tall, along Electric Power Line, alt. 700 m., Feb. 14, 1927 (Bish.;

Chi.) ; MacDaniels 892, tree 4 m. tall, alt. 760 m., summit of Haupu,

Feb. 26, 1927 (Bish.); Joseph F. Rock 8,869, Waialeale, Oct. 20,

1911 (Arn., my photograph no. 4,082; Bish.).

Regarding Ch. wahiawense var. populneum Krajina, a form as

yet inadequately known but apparently belonging with Ch. Fauriei,

see under "Incertae sedis."

Cheirodendron Fauriei var. /3. Macdanielsii Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 13. 1951.

Leaflets broadly orbicular-deltoid to transversely oblong, prin-

cipal ones 9-12.5 cm. wide, at base very broad and truncate to

subcordate.

Type: Collected by L. H. MacDaniels, no. 668, tree 6 m. tall, in

rain-forest, ridge above Kilauea, alt. 800 m., Kekoiki, northeastern

Kauai, Feb. 13, 1927 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern

Kauai.

Specimens examined: MacDaniels 668 (type, Bish., my photo-

graph no. 4,124: isotype, Chi., my photograph no. 4,125).

6. Cheirodendron Helleri Sherff, Bot. Leafl. no. 5: 13. 1951.

a. Blade of leaflets oval-oblong; common trees in northwestern

Kauai var. 7. multiflorum.

a. Blade of leaflets broader.

6. Blade of leaflets obovate-rotundate to very widely obovate-

oblong; trees of south-central Kauai var. 5. sodalium.

b. Blade of leaflets more or less ovate.

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 39

c. Mature drupes only 5-6 mm. long (including stigmas);

trees of northwestern Kauai var. /3. microcarpum.

c. Mature drupes much longer; trees of south-central Kauai.

Ch. Helleri sensu stricto.

Tree about 6-7.5 m. tall, branchlets (when dry) brown with a

slightly reddish tinge. Leaves trifoliolate, petiole commonly 5-9

cm. long; blade of leaflets pallid, membranaceous, ovate to widely

ovate- or subrhomboid-oval, at base very broadly cuneate, at apex

rarely emarginate commonly more or less obtuse but rather often

mucronate, at margins subentire to few-toothed, the teeth narrowish,

antrorse, incurved or straight, 5-9 cm. long and 3-7 cm. wide;

petiolules up to 4 cm. long; nervation pinnate, lateral nerves now

brochidodromous now more or less craspedodromous. Panicle com-

monly 6-8 rarely up to 9.5 cm. long including peduncle (this 2-3

cm. long) and a little broader, umbellets commonly up to 11- rarely

to 13-flowered; tube of calyx slenderly obconic to urceolate, about

2.5 mm. long; petals ovate or ovate-oblong, a little shorter. Drupes

(only immature ones known thus far) dark-brown when dry, 2-

pyrenate, strongly compressed, about 8 mm. tall including stigmas

(these consistently 2, slender, spreading, 1-1.5 mm. long) and up

to 7.5 mm. wide, their pedicel slender and 3-6 mm. long.

Type: Collected by Amos Arthur Heller, no. 2,496, alt. about

3,000 ft. [fide Helleri Minn. Bot. Studs. 1: 870. 1897; hence about

two thirds the distance from Hanapepe Bay to summit of Mt.

Waialeale], on the ridge west of Hanapepe River, Isl. Kauai, Aug.

22, 1895 (U.S.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality, Isl. Kauai.

Specimens examined (all from Kauai): Amos Arthur Heller

2,496, tree about 25 ft. tall, on the ridge west of Hanapepe River,

alt. about 3,000 ft., July 4, 1895 (topotypes, N.Y.; Par.; Univ.

Calif.) ; Heller (similarly) 2,496, same place, July 11, 1895 (topotypes,

Bish.; Corn., my photograph no. 4,089; U.S.); Heller (similarly)

2,496 (type, U.S., my photograph no. 4,088: isotype, Mo.).

In foliage, this species is more closely characteristic of the C.

trigynum complex and much resembles Ch. trigynum var. halawanum.

In its large, consistently 2-pyrenate fruits, however, it resembles Ch.

Fauriei, a species related through leaf-type more closely to Ch.

platyphyllum than to Ch. trigynum. The panicles are noteworthy

as being short, proportionately broad, compactly fruited, and with

as many as 11 or sometimes even 13 drupes to a single umbellet.

40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Cheirodendron Helleri var. /3. microcarpum Sherff, Bot.

Leafl. no. 5: 14. 1951.

Leaflets scarcely smaller, a little thicker, their nervation more

definitely brochidodromous and the teeth or some of them antrorse-

uncinulate; umbellets up to only 7-flowered; mature drupes only

5-6 mm. long (including stigmas, these about 1 mm. long) and

equally broad.

Type: Collected by Annie M. Alexander & Louise Kellogg, no.

5,197, several trees about 20 ft. tall, trail from Kalalau Lookout

(i.e., Kilohana Lookout), alt. 4,000 ft., Isl. Kauai, Mar. 7, 1947

(Univ. Calif.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern

Kauai.

Specimens examined: Alexander & Kellogg 5,197 (type, Univ.

Calif., my photograph no. 4,097) ; Otto Degener 21,472, windy, open

forest, east rim of Kalalau Valley, Kauai, Dec. 27, 1951 (Chi.; N.Y.).

Cheirodendron Helleri var. 7. multiflorum (Skottsb.) comb,

nov.; Cheirodendron trigynum var. multiflorum Skottsb. Meddel.

Goteb. Bot. Tradg. 15: 416. 1944.

Small tree. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole up to ±8.5 cm. long;

blade of leaflets oval-oblong, at base broadly triangular, at apex

rounded but commonly mucronulate, at margins not crenate but

regularly denticulate with short, strongly incurved teeth (these

subtending a large gland), dull to somewhat glossy above, 5-11 cm.

long and 3-6 cm. wide; nervation brochidodromous; petiolule 1-2.5

cm. long. Panicle terminal or at times lateral, 6-10 cm. long in-

cluding peduncle, its branches spreading to divaricate-reflexed, um-

bellets mostly 7-15-flowered. Pedicels 3-6 mm. long; florets 6-6.5

mm. long, ovary about 3 mm. long and 2.8 mm. wide; petals ovate,

3.2-3.5 mm. long. Drupes orbicular, drying dark-brown, 7-8 mm.

wide; pyrenae 2 or very rarely 3, in outline semilunar, 5-6 mm.

long; stigmas 2 or very rarely 3, finally recurved and about 1 mm.

long.

Type: Collected by Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg, no. 2,966, in forest, alt. about 1,200 m., near Lehuama-

kanoi bog, Alakai, Isl. Kauai, in flower and fruit, Aug. 16, 1938

(Goth.).

Distribution: Northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined (all from Kauai) : R. W. Baxter, a 25-foot

tree, alt. 3,600 ft., Kokee-Alakai Road, February, 1939 (Mo., 2

SHERFF: REVISION OF THE GENUS CHEIRODENDRON 41

sheets) ; Cranwell, Setting, & Skottsberg 2,966 (type, Goth.) ; Cranwell,

Selling, & Skottsberg 3,881, alt. about 1,200 m., Kawaia trail, Kohua

ridge, Waimea, Aug. 19, 1938 (Bish., my photograph no. 4,132;

Goth.); Otto Degener 9,588, in rain-forest, Kokee, 1926 (Chi.);

Degener & Amy Greenwell 21,552, forest, Kumuweia Ridge east of

Waineke Swamp, Kokee, Jan. 8, 1952 (Chi.); Degener & Greenwell

21,581, forest along Kopiwai Trail, Kokee region, Jan. 11, 1952

(Chi.); Degener & Greenwell 21,741, open forest, Kaluapuhi-Kau-

nuohua Trail, Kokee region, Jan. 12, 1952 (Berl.; Brit.; Chi.; Del.;

Gray; Kew; N.Y.; Par.; Phila.); Degener & Henry Wiebke 2,077, in

woods near Halemanu, Kokee, June 27, 1926 (Goth., 2 sheets; N.Y.,

2 sheets; Univ. Calif.; U.S.); Gertrude E. Douglas 419, alt. 3,000-

3,400 ft., humus, rainy district, beside trail, Kokee forest, June 29,

1928 (Corn.); Charles N. Forbes 375-K, mountains in vicinity of

Kaholuamanu, September, 1909 (Bish.; Chi.); Forbes 901-.K", Waimea

Drainage Basin, west side, July 3-Aug. 18, 1917 (Bish.; Chi.); Amos

A. Heller 2,795, on Kaholuamanu above Waimea, Sept. 2-9, 1895

(Am.; Bish.; Chi.; Corn.; Gray; Mo.; N.Y.; Par.; Phila.; Univ.

Calif., my photograph no. 4,133; U.S.); Albert S. Hitchcock 15,323,

alt. 3,600 ft., Kaholuamanu, Oct. 20, 1916 (U.S.) ; L. H. MacDaniels

804, tree 10 m. tall, common on slopes and ridges, alt. 1,300 m.,

Alakai Swamp, Feb. 17, 1927 (Bish.; Chi.); Joseph F. Rock 2,182,

Halemanu, Feb. 14-26, 1909 (Gray); Rock 2,183, same place and

date (U.S.); Rock 2,195, same place and date (Bish.); Rock 2,196,

same place and date (Arn.) ; Rock 5,924, Kaholuamanu, Waiakealoha,

Sept. 10, 1909 (Arn.); Rock 5,964, road to Waiakealoha, same date

(Gray).

This variety has leaflets similar to those of Ch. trigynum vars-

Skottsbergii and oblongum, and so at first might seem to belong in

the Ch. trigynum complex. Its fruits, however, indicate a stronger

affinity with Ch. Helleri.

Cheirodendron Helleri var. 5. sodalium Sherff, Bot. Leafl.

no. 6: 6. 1952.

Blade of leaflets more or less obovate-rotundate to very widely

obovate-oblong, at base very widely cuneate, at apex truncate to

emarginate and at times very abruptly short-mucronate, at margins

very entire, a blade of a median leaflet 7.5-9 cm. long and 7-8 cm.

wide, that of the lateral ones a little smaller. Umbellets 2-5-flowered.

Drupes 6 mm. tall including the two stigmas (these under 0.7 mm.

long, diverging) and up to 5.6 mm. wide, compressed, 2-pyrenate.

42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

Type: Collected by F. Fagerlind & Carl Skottsberg, no. 6,489,

alt. about 600 m., in forest, near margin, Wahiawa Swamp, southern

Kauai, Mar. 5, 1948 (Stockh.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in south-central

Kauai.

Specimens examined: Fagerlind & Skottsberg 6,489 (type, Stockh.,

my photograph no. 4,150).

Dr. Skottsberg had determined the type as "Cheirodendron

Fauriei Hochr. var." His separate annotation on a supplementary

slip of paper states: "This seems to come near Krajina's Ch. wahia-

wense var. populneum, but differs from this in shape of base and

total lack of teeth." Ch. Helleri, published since Skottsberg's note

was written, is seen to be the logical species with which to associate

this variety (although it is true that in its small stigmas var. sodalium

might seem allied to Ch. Fauriei or, to use the synonym used by

Krajina, Ch. wahiawense). The varietal epithet alludes to the two

collectors of the type. As associates in the field, they collected

many specimens of Hawaiian plants, many of which have proved

to be new.

Incertae sedis

Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii forma e Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 148.

1888; Panax Gaudichaudii var. e Drake del Cast. Illustr. Fl. Ins.

Mar. Pacif. 181. 1890; Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii var. e Rock,

Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 363. 1913. Described with "leaflets sub-

entire, smaller, membranous, the common petiole 2-2 }/£ inches.

Styles 2-5. Kauai!" This is possibly but by no means certainly

Ch. kauaiense var. Forbesii. In herbarium determinations, Rock

applied his e to specimens that are now to be called Ch. Helleri

var. multiflorum.

Panax Gaudichaudii (i.e., Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii) var. f

Drake del Cast. Illustr. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. 181. 1890. Described

with "foliis [sic!] ovatis subcordatis" from the Island of Oahu,

based on Remy 497 (not seen by me) .

Cheirodendron wahiawense var. populneum Krajina, Preslia 10:

99. 1931. Apparently a form of Ch. Fauriei (to which Ch. wahia-

wense Krajina reduces). The type was a sterile spray, collected by

Krajina on the same day and almost at the same spot with his Ch.

wahiawense proper. From his short description — "Foliola valde

integriora, dimidio inferiore solum quatuor usque six [sic!] dentibus

instructo. Flores et fructus mihi ignoti." — it seems doubtful if a

varietal status is merited.

INDEX OF EXSICCATAE

Collectors' names and page numbers in italic type

Alexander, Annie M., & Louise Kel-

logg, no. 5,194, 12

no. 5,197, 40

Baxter, R. W., Poamoho Trail, 12

Kokee-Alakai Road, 40

Beechey, Captain Frederick William, Isl.

Oahu, 12

Bergman, H. F., Mt. Kaala, 27

alt. 4,000 ft., summit of Kaala, 12

Bog Survey, no. 2,695, 35

Brigham, William T., Isl. Hawaii, 1899,

35

Brigham, William T., Anderson, &

Hosmer, Haleakala, 1909, 22

Bryan, Edwin H., Jr., Kaala, Jan.,

1920, 12

summit of Lanihuli, July 18, 1920, 29

no. 635, 30

Bryan, William Allanson, Konahuanui,

Jan. 10, 1904, 29

Bush, William, & D. LeRoy Topping,

no. 3,762, 12

Cowan, Richard S., no. 692, 27

Cranwell, Miss Lucy May, no. 3,398,

25,35

Cranwell, Miss Lucy May, Olof Hugo

Selling, & Carl Skottsberg, no. 2,502,

28

no. 2,695, 31, 33

no. 2,906, 15

no. 2,966, W, 41

no. 3,053, 18

no. 3,139, 35

no. 3,243,19

no. 3,881, 41

Cur ran, Hugh McCollum, no. 67, 22

Degener, Otto, Wilhelmina Rise, Nov.

11, 1931, 29

no. 1,600, 36

no. 2,244, 22

no. 2,245, 23

no. 9,575, 36

no. 9,576, 36

no. 9,577, 31

no. 9,579, 23

no. 9,580, 23

no. 9,581, 25

no. 9,582, 25

no. 9,584, 12

no. 9,585, 25

no. 9,586, 15

no. 9,588, 41

no. 17,179, 38

no. 17,482, 23

no. 21,471, 15

Degener, O., & Amy Greenwell, Mohihi

Road, 15

no. 21,552, 1*1

no. 21,581, J^l

no. 21,741, 41

Degener, O., A. Greenwell, & Toshio

Murashige, no. 19,685, 29

no. 20,348, 19

Degener, O., & Eichi Masunaga, no.

2,050, 12

Degener, O., Kwan Kee Park, & Manuel

Kwon, no. 9,573, 12

Degener, O., K. K. Park, Yoshimasa

Nitta, & William Bush, no. 9,574,

27

Degener, O., K. K. Park, Colin Potter,

W. Bush, <$) David LeRoy Topping,

no. 9,992, 29

no. 9,993, 12

no. 11,317, 13, 14

Degener, O., Anthony Apo Tarn, Charles

Tousley, & Barber, no. 22,026, 33

Degener, O., & D. L. Topping, no.

9,578, 22

Degener, O., & Tousley, no. 22,169, 24

Degener, 0., & Henry Wiebke, no.

2,076, 35

no. 2,077, 41

no. 2,078, 15

no. 2,094, 35, 36, 37

no. 2,243, 22

Degener, O., Wiebke, & Masunaga, no.

2,050, 13

Douglas, Gertrude E., no. 419, 41

Eastwood, Alice, Bird Forest, Aug.

1-16, 1924,19

Ewart, G. R., Ill, no. 80, 31

no. 86, 31

Fagerlind, F., & Carl Skottsberg, no.

6,163, 35

no. 6,428, 33

43

44

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29

no. 6,488, 38

no. 6,489, J+2

no. 6,695a, 25

no. 6,6956, 25

Fagerlund, G. 0., & A. L. Mitchell, no.

775,19

Faurie, Abbe Urbain, no. 261, 15

no. 262, 19

no. 263 pro parte, 27

no. 264, 2£

no. 265, 22

no. 266, 37

no. 267 pro parte, 2-4

no. 267 pro parte, 25

Forbes, Charles Noyes, Waiolani Ridge,

Sept. 17, 1908, 29

(with J. F. G. Stokes), Waiolani

Ridge, June 28, 1908, 29

ridge west of Kalihi, Aug. 18, 1908, 27

Lanihuli Trail, Sept. 17, 1908, 27

between Punaluu and Kaipapau,

Nov. 14-21, 1908, 21

west of Kalihi, Dec. 24, 1908, 27

Koolauloa Mts., May 8-13, 1909, 13

same locality, Nov. 14-21, 21

Makaha Valley, Feb. 12-19, 1909, 27

between Punaluu and Kaipapau,

May 8-13, 1909, IS

no. 3-K, 38

no. 30-H, 19

no. 194-K, 38

no. 218-L, 33

no. 220-M, 22

no. 257-K, 16

no. 2QQ-K, 16, 17

no.21Q-K,17

no. 367a--K, 15

no. 375-K, J^l

no. 383-L, 33

no. 419-M, 31

no. 426-H, 19

no. 654-H, 36

no. 703-M, 2.4

no. 900-M, 23, 2!>

no. 901-K, M

no. 1,039-K, 15

no. 1,041-M, 23

no. 1,247-M, 22

no. 1,667-M, 31

no. 1,874-M, 23

no. 2,041-M, 23

no. 2,050-M, 23

no. 2,629-M, 31

Forbes, C. N., & Dr. C. Montague

Cooke, Jr., between Punaluu and

Kaipapau, May 3-8, 1909, 13

no. 20-M, 31

Fosberg, Francis Raymond, no. 14,223,

21

Garber, D. Wesley, no. 80, 13

no. 223, 27

Gaudichaud, Charles, Isl. Oahu, 1836, 27

Hawaiian Isls., September and Oc-

tober, 1836, 13

Harris, J. Arthur, no. C242,128, 13

no. C242,165, 29

no. C242,174, 13

no. C242.224, 13

Hatheway, William H., H. A. Miller,

& N. Morton, no. 337, 13

Heller, Amos Arthur, no. 2,244 pro

parte, 13, H, 15

no. 2,313, 27

no. 2,496, 39

no. 2,795, M

Hillebrand, William, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft.,

Konahuanui and Mt. Kaala, 29

Kohala Range, 3%.

Mt. Kaala, 29

Mt. Kaala, August, 1869, 13

Oahu, 27

West Maui, 31

Ulupalakua, 23

no. 99, 27

no. 200, 23

no. 257, 27

no. 258, 29

no. 259, 13

no. 262, 29

Hillebrand, William, & Rev. John M.

Lydgate, Konahuanui, 13

Makawao, 22

Isl. Molokai, 28

Isl. Oahu, 27

Hitchcock, Albert Spear, no. 14,338, 35

no. 14,513,19

no. 14,681, 33

no. 14,765, 32, 33

no. 14,851, 33

no. 14,929, 22

no. 15,323, tf

no. 15,336, 15

no. 15,463, 18

Hosaka, Edward Yataro, no. 130, 13

no. 329, 29

Kelly, Mrs. G. Earle, Koolau Mts.,

July, 1916, 27

Kerr, Mark, no. 21,686, 13

Kitamura, Frank, Kaipapau Forest Re-

serve, 27

Krajina, Vladimir, Alakai Swamp, near

Kilohana, Jan. 14, 15

same locality, Feb. 14, 18

near Keaku Cave, 16

Krauss, Noel H., Mt. Kaala, Jan. 8,

1933, 13

Lay, George Tradescant, & A. Collie

(see Beechey), 13

INDEX

45

MacDaniels, Laurence H.t no. 23, 13

no. 93, 29

no. 94, 13

no. 217, 36

no. 217a, 19

no. 292, 29

no. 320, 33, 31*

no. 351, 29

no. 486, 29

no. 634, 38

no. 668, 38

no. 698, 38

no. 708A, 15, 17

no. 804, 4-Z

no. 806, 15

no. 892, 38

Mann, Horace, Jr., & William T.

Brigham, no. 379 pro parte, 27

no. 379 pro parte, 30, 31

no. 605 pro parte, 13

no. 605 pro parte, 27

Meebold, Alfred, Kipuka Puaulu, 19

Makaleha Ridge, June, 1932, 27

no. 20,889, 31*

Morley, Harold, ridge south of Kipapa

Gulch, 13

Munro, George C., no. 21, 28

no. 388, 22

Neal, Marie C., Puu Kukui, Aug. 16,

1933, 24.

Neal, Marie C., & Constance Hartt, no.

808, 19

Nitta, Kazuto, no. 26, 13

Olson, G. E., Bird Park, 19

Remy, Jules, no. 494, 37

no. 495, 28

Rock, Joseph F. C., main ridge above

Palolo Crater, 13

Nahiku, Jan. 11, 1909, 31

Central Plateau, September, 1909, 1 5

Isl. Lanai, near summit, 1910, 32

on Mahana ridge, July, 1910, 32

no. 313 (184), 21

no. 561, 21

no. 647, 29

no. 744, 29

no. 758, 29

no. 1,525, 15

no. 2,182, 1*1

no. 2,183, 11

no. 2,195, 1*1

no. 2,196, 1*1

no. 3,860, 20

no. 3,861, 20, 21

no. 3,941, 21

no. 5,646, 15

no. 5,702, 15

no. 5,707, 15

no. 5,924, 1*1

no. 5,963, 15

no. 5,964, 1*1

no. 5,965, 15

no. 6,165, 21*

no. 8,372, 35

no. 8,869, 38

no. 12,977, 31*

Russ, G. W., Kapapala, August, 1927,

19

Punaluu Gulch, September, 1927, 36

top of main range, Waiawa, March,

1930,13

Nuuanu pro parte, top of Lanihuli,

July 19, 1933, 13, 30

Selling, OlofHugo, no. 3,596, 13

Setchell, William Albert, & Clara B.

Setchell, Volcano Road, 36

Kipuka Puaulu, July 31, 1924, 19

Skottsberg, Carl, no. 560, 37

no. 1,844, 13

no. 6,827, 35

St. John, Harold, no. 10,191, 2+

St. John, H., et alii, no. 12,368, 21*

St. John, H., & Edward Yataro Hosaka,

no. 11,447, 37

Suehiro, Miss Amy, Kaipapau, Oct. 15,

1933, 27

Topping, David LeRoy, no. 2,831, 30

no. 2,965, 13

no. 2,966, 30

United States (South Pacific) Exploring

Expedition under Captain Wilkes,

Hawaiian Isls., 11*, 27, 29, 30

Isl. Hawaii, 19

Usinger, R. L., no. 2, 26

Wilbur, R. L., no. 442, 28

Wilder, Gerrit P., Ulupalakua, 1913, 23

Yuncker, Truman George, no. 3,629, 11*

Publication 739

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

30112041653715