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BULLETIN DU SERVICE DE LA CARTE

PHYTOGÉOGRAPHIQUE

Série A. Carte phytogéograph. au 1/200.000°. Abonn. 1 an. 10 N F

Série B. Carte des Group, végét. au 1/20.000°. Abon. 1 an. 10 N F

Nouvelle série. Tome V, Fasc. 2.

Octobre 1960.

REVUE

ALGOLOGIQUE

DIRECTEURS .

P. BOURRELLY et ROB. LAMI

SOMMAIRE

P. C. Silva. — Gilbert-Morgan Smith (1885-1959). 97

G. Claus. — Re-evaluation of the genus Gomontiella . 103

Fr. Drouet. — Albanian Algae Collected by Guiseppe de Toni. ... 111

N. Woodhead and R. D. Tweed. — Freshwater algae of Sierra

Leone 3. The Algae of Rokupr and the Great Scarcie River. . 116

Notules algologiques

J. Feldmann. — Sur une algue marine trouvée dans un gisement

précolombien au Pérou . 151

Bibliographie . 153

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N'»« Sér., T. V; PI. 12

Source : MNHN, Paris

Gilbert Morgan Smith

1885-1959

by Paul C. SILVA

University of Illinois, Urbana.

Certain men secm destined to exert extraordinary influence on

the thought and actions of their fellow men. Within the framework

of botanical teaching in the twentieth century, the late Gilbert

Morgan Smith was a remarkably influential person.

Smith was born at Beloit, Wisconsin, on January 6, 1885. He

received preparatory éducation at Williston Academy and then at-

tended Beloit College, where he was awarded the Bachelor of

Science degree in 1907. After teaching high school at Stoughton,

Wisconsin, for a year, he took advanced work at the University

of Wisconsin under the direction of Professor Charles E. Allen,

receiving his doctorate in 1913. Smith was retained on the faculty

at Wisconsin and rose through the academie ranks until 1925,

when he moved to Stanford University as Professor of Botany.

In 1950 he became emeritus but continued to work as his health

would permit until his death on July 11, 1959, in Palo Alto, Cali¬

fornia.

Smith’s research interests at first were with fresh-water algae,

especially the morphology and taxonomy of Chlorococcales and

Volvocales and plankton surveys. His monograph of Scenedesmus

(1916), based upon pure cultures, and his study of the phytoplank-

ton of the inland lakes of Wisconsin (1920, 1924) were notable

achievements of this early period. After moving to California,

Smith became interested in marine algae in connection with a

field course which he taught each summer at the Hopkins Marine

Station, Pacific Grove. The third and final phase of his research

centered in the sexuality of Chlamydomonas, and he was largely

responsible for reopening the question of the significance and

validity of Moewus's work.

Although Smith’s contributions in research were considérable,

far greater importance must be accorded his achievements in the

La photographie ci-jointe nous a été aimablement communiquée par

McGraw-Hill Book Company, elle est extraite de « Fifty years of Botany, edited

by W. C. Steers, 1958. McGraw-Hill. Book Compagny ».

Source : MNHN, Paris

PAUL C. SILVA

field of text and reference book writing. Hundreds of teachers in

colleges and universities throughout the United States and in seve-

ral other countries rely upon one or more of his books. Examina¬

tion of these major Works supports the point of view that Smith

should perhaps be considered a master organizer rather than an

inlluential teacher. But one must hâve seen him at work to fully

appreciate his talent for organization. At the time I arrived to study

with him (1947), he had completed Marine Algae of the Monterez

Peninsula, was engaged in producing the Manual of Phycology ,

and would soon begin a systematic révision of The Fresh-water

Algae of the United States, the « Wisconsin » general botany text,

and Cryptogamie Botany. The Monterey book contains much ori¬

ginal research, but above ail it is a monument to skillful organi¬

zation. While Setchell and Gardner were bogged down in their

formidable task of treating the red algae for the Pacific North Ame¬

rican flora, Smith, by confming himself to a small area by utilizing

materials assembled at Berkeley by Setchell and Gardner, and

by enlisting the aid of Kylin, of his former student George J.

Hollenberg, and of a competent artist (Mrs. Cari F. Janish), was

able to produce a masterly local flora. As with any taxonomie

work, one must use it to be able to evaluate it; those who use

Marine Algae of the Monterey Peninsula will hâve the gratifying

expérience of encountering keys which generally work and descrip¬

tions and illutrations which fit the material at hand. While impa-

tiently awaiting the long delayed appearance of the Manual, Smith

took his working copy of Fresh-water Algae from the shelf and,

after obtaining unpublished work from G. W. Prescott and R.

H. Thompson (the latter a former student), began to préparé copy

for a revised édition. The actual revisionary work had been done

through the years. Whenever a reprint was received which in any

way afïected one of his books, Smith would then and there sit

down at his wonderfully antiquated typewriter and with unor-

thodox fingering rapidly peck out a phrase, a sentence, or a Para¬

Graph, and paste it in its proper place in one of several loose-leaf

notebooks. Like Fritsch, Smith enjoyed a prodigious command of

the algae, which enabled him to assimilate new material without

hésitation.

Among numerous honors accorded Smith may be mentioned the

award of an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Beloit College

in 1927 and élection to the National Academy of Sciences in 1948.

He served as president of the Botanical Society of America, the

American Microscopical Society, and the Phycological Society of

America.

Source : MNHN, Paris

GILBERT MORGAN SMITH

Physically, Smith was imposing. He was tall, gainly, handsome.

The non-professional aspects of his lite were as rich as his profes-

sional career. He and his wife, Helen née Pfuderer, were gracions

host, active in society. They traveled extensively, to the tar corners

of the world. In an âge when academicians tend to be narrowly

trained technicians, Smith stands ont as a gentleman : socially,

politically, philosophically, and religiously avvare.

Smith’s death has grieved countless numbers of friends, cach

of whom cherishes particular memories, perhaps of happy hours

with « Gib » on the golf course, or of the excitement of early mor-

ning colléeting trips on the Monterey Peninsula. Being associated

with a man only during the twilight of his career provides an

incomplète and biased picture, yet I am grateful for even a glimpse

into lhe life of such a distinguished person as Gilbert Morgan

Smith.

PUBLICATIONS OF GILBERT MORGAN SMITH (*).

1913. — Tetradesmus, a new four-celled coenobic alga. — Bull. Torrey

Bol. Club 40 (2) : 75-87, pl. 1.

_ The préservation of fresh water Chlorophyceae. — Plant World

16 (8) : 219-230.

— The use of eelloidin membranes for the démonstration of osmosis.

— Bol. Gaz. 56 (3) : 225-229, 3 figs, table.

1014 . _ The eell structure and eolony formation in Scenedesmus. —

Arch. Protislerüc. 32 (3) : 278-297, pl. 16, 17.

— The organization of the eolony in certain four-celled algae. —

Trans. Wis. Acad. Sc. Arts & Lett. 17 (2) : 1165-1220, Pl. 85-91,

7 text-fig.

1915. — The development of botanical microtechnique. — Trans. Amer.

Micr. Soc. 34 (2) : 71-129, 18 fig. in text and on Pl. 1-3.

1910. _ Cytological studies in the Protococcales. I. Zoospore forma¬

tion in Characium Sieboldii, A. Br. — Ann. Bol. 30 (119) : 459-466,

Pl. 11, 2 text-fig.

— Cytological studies in the Protococcales. II. Cell structure and zoos¬

pore formation in Pediastrum Boryanum (Turp.), Menegh. -- Ibid.

467-479, Pl. 12, 4 text-fig.

— New or interesting algae from the lakes of "Wisconsin. — Bull.

Torrey Bot. Club 43 (9) : 471-483, Pl. 24-26.

— A monograph of the algal genus Scenedesmus based upon pure cul¬

ture studies. — Trans. Wis. Acad. Sc. Arts éc Lett. 18 (2) : 422-530,

Pl. 25-33.

— A preliminary list of algae found in Wisconsin lakes. — Ibid.

531-565.

(#) Compilée! with the aid of Dr. Robert M. Page of Stanford University, to

whom I am indebted also for transmitting the photograph reproduced herein.

100

PAUL C. SILVA

1918 — The vertical distribution of Vohox in the plankton of Laie

llonona. - Amer. J. Bol. 5 (4) : 178-185. 4 tables

- Gytological studies in the Protococcales. III. Cell structure and

Hansg. 3 —

“' , nhvc Phyt pu Iankl î n ° f lhc fnland lakcs ot Wisconsin. Part. I Myxo-

sive of t'he P n ae ° Ph r Ceat '' Heterokonteae > «n>l Chlorophvceae exclu-

JE “r^p,:^ 0 '-* A ' ai - ^ » 0 .

1922 4 rt - Bol? ifaaT's^s'irUif" 31 poo,s near s,ockholra ' -

~ P? PhyloplanJrton of the Muskoka région. Ontario Canada

1924 ™p. ! S 'i ï.' • Ar ' S * Le “' 20 : 32:i ' 3,i4 - Pl - 8-13, 1 table.'

n ftytoplanklon of the jnland lakes of Wisconsin Part II

£&£** His ‘■*“«• »’■«> »

Ecology of the plankton algae in the Palisades Interstate Park

Bnïw ami C P 0 4 E8T0 ^ E / R - ». De N k,ston, G. S.

1929 ^- «j; “

■ igd^-^r h “s,L M :f^/ti B - “, s Th o?

— (Wh d F n g F SeS ' C “ rnf, ® ! ' e /,,s '- Was/t. Pub/, n" 397. 99 pp. 22 flgs

tZL Ch , T m> D ™™™™opsis, a new member of the algal

incl. ^ | C 2 5 aetophoraeea<! - — Trans. Amer. Hier. Soc. 48 (2) : 190-203,

1930 5//r/J/ h fin! O r PhOlOgy and reproduction of Halicystis ovalis. - - Abst.

322.1931 ] PP ' K [P '' 01 '- 5 ' h InL B ° l ■ Con3r - P p - 821-

Pe b n! ! n r Iui? n L 0 7„ S r me , S ï h r aCeOUS grcen al « aa of lha Monterey

3 flgs. Stanford vSverluypTss ‘° marine bl ° l0gy ’ pp ' 222 ' 233 '

ï93, 3 6 7^'p, s ° n i^ 8 V0lV0CaleS - I IV ' ~ B “'<- T°"eu Bot. Club 57 <6, :

BnÏAN V ând J r B F°'A ERT0N ; E ; M - G,lbert . R- H- «enniston. G. S.

édition’ New Vorf' m’ 1 '™/; A ‘ cxtbook of général botany. Third

lumon. New York : Macmillan. X + 574 n in us

' LrTc» : T 42Î E «2 J ’ E " ThC algae “ d ' heir ,ife ™l a «ons.] Bot.

Source : MNHN. Paris

GILBERT MORGAN SMITH

101

1938. — Cryptogamie botany. Volume I. Algae and fungi. VIII + 545 p.,

299 flgs. Volume II. Bryophytes and pteridophytes. VII + 380 p.,

224 flgs. — New York : McGraw-Hill.

— Nuclear phases and alternation of générations in the Chlorophy-

ceae. — Bot. Rev. 4 (3) : 132-139.

_ [Review of Taylor W. R., Marine algae of the northeastern coast

of North America.] Bot. Gaz. 99 (3) : 666-667.

1939 . — [Abstr.] [Native plants of western North America offering

exccplional material for botanical research.] The lower plants, es-

pecially algae. — Amer J. Bot. 26 (8) : 675.

1940. _Provisional ikeys to the généra of marine algae of the Monterey

Peninsula, California. — Stanford University Press. 31 pp.

_ [Abstr.] Observations on the reproduction of Ulva lobala. Amer.

J. Bot. 26 (10) :1s.

1942. _ [Abstr.] Observations on some kelps from the Monterey Penin¬

sula, California. — Amer. J. Bol. 28 (10) : 17 s.

— (with E. M. Gilbert, R. I. Evans, B. M. Duggar, G. S. Bryan, and

C. E. Allen). A textbook of general botany. Fourth édition. New

York : Macmillan. X + 668 pp., illus.

_ Notes on some brown algae from the Monterey Peninsula, California.

— Amer. J. Bot. 29 (8) : 645-653, 19 flgs.

1943 . _ (with G. J. Hollenberg). On some Rhodophyceae from the

Monterey Peninsula, California. — Amer. J. Bot. 30 (3) : 211-22

30 flgs.

1944 . _ Marine algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California. — Stan¬

ford University Press. IX + 622 pp., incl. 98 pis.

_ Microaplanospores of Vaucheria. - Farlowia 1 (3) : 387-389, 2 flgs.

— Sublittoral marine algae of the Monterey Peninsula. — Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sc., ser. 4. 24 (4) : 171-176.

— A comparative studv of the species of Volvox. — Trans. Amer. Micr.

Soc. 63 (4) : 265-310, 46 flgs., 4 tables. iooinn

1945 . — The marine of California. — Science 101 (2617) : 188-192.

194 ( 5 . _ On the structure and reproduction of Spongomorpha coalita

(Rupr.) Collins. — J. Indian Bot. Soc., lyengar Commem. Vol.

pp. 201-208, 5 flgs., 1 table.

_ The nature of sexuality in Chlamydomonas. — Amer. J. Bol. 33 (8) :

625-630, 5 flgs.

1947 . _ On the reproduction of some Pacific coast species of Ulva.

Amer. J. Bot. 34 (2) : 80-87, 38 flgs.

— The historical significance of names applied to reproductive struc¬

tures of algae. — Farlowia 3 (2) : 217-233.

1950. _ (with D. C. Regnery) Inheritance of sexuality in Chlamydo¬

monas reinhardi. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. U.S.A. 36 (4) : 246-248

— The fresh-water algae of the United States. — Second édition. New

York : McGraw-Hill. VII + 729 pp., 559 flgs., 3 tables.

1951. — The sexual substances of algae. - In Skoog F., (ed.). Plant

growth substances, pp. 315-328, 4 tables. University of Wisconsin

— (editor) Manual of phycology. An introduction to the algae and

their biology. - Waltham, Massachussetts : Chronica Botanica. XII

4- 375 pp., illus.

— The classification of algae. — In Smith G. M., (ed). Manual of phy¬

cology, pp. 13-19.

102

PAUL C. SILVA

— Sexuality of algae. In Smith G. M., (ed.), Manual of phycologv

pp. 229-241, 5 tables.

19a3, — (with E. M. Gilbert, G. S. Bryan, R. I. Evans, and J. F. Stauf-

FE ";- A tvxlbook of general botany. Fifth édition. New York ■ hlac-

millan. X + 606 pp.. iilus.

1954 '. ~7,, [ , A1)st ÿ Scxua lüy. zygote formation, and zygote germination

Chlamydomonas. . Proc. 7 Ih. Int. Bol. Congr., pp. 836-837.

, — Cryptogamie botany. Second édition. Volume I. Algae and

fnngi IX + 546 pp.. 311 flg. Volume II. Bryophytes and pteri-

1 Q 5 r d ° Ph r!f S 'i' n J~ 399 PP- 254 fl S s - - JVei» York : McGraw-Hill.

1956^- Charles Etoer Allen, 1872-1954. - Biogr. Mem. Nall. Acad,

oc. u. b. .4. 29 : 3-15, portrait.

Z °“ ugla f Houghton Campbell, 1859-1953. — Ibid. 45-63, portrait

J Bol “ «°( 7 , “ 537?543 eae ^ ‘ h<! de ' ,< ‘ Iopment of b°tany. - Amer.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Re-evaluation of the genus Gomontiella

by Gyorgy CLAUS

■

In thc month of July, 1954, we carried out algological collections

in the thermal spring of Bükkszék and while working up the mate-

rial we found an intercsting rare Cyanophyton, a Gomontiella. Up

to the présent time on single species of this genus has been known,

Gomontiella sublubulosa, descrihed by Teodoresco from Rumania

in 1900. Since that time, nobody has succeeded in finding this spe¬

cies, and we do not possesss any other specimen besides this excic-

cated one. Having become extinct in its habitat it cannot be sub-

jected to scientifîc examination. The alga we found cannot be iden-

tified with the species descrihed by Teodoresco, yet we must rank

it, owing to its morphological features, in the genus Gomontiella.

The termal spring of Bükkszék is situated in the North of Hun-

gary, on the slope of the hill Darno, Between Parâd and Ozd in

the Matra Mountains. The water rushes up from a depth of 517 m.,

its température is 39.9 C°. The water contains a great quantity of

dissolved C0 2 and minerai substances (296, 347 g/l). In order to

remove the gases the water runs into a small degasifying basin.

From there, conveyed in a concrète trough, it supplies the médici¬

nal bath established next to the spring. The top of the degasifying

basin is covered with planks, on the inner side of which a rich

layer of algae is évident, being sprayed by the dispersed water

only. In this alga coat we found some specimens of the new spe¬

cies of the genus above inentioned. The new species we nained

Gomontiella marthae. Its description is a follows.

The filament is about 40-50 [a long, erect, and dirty bluish-green

with a brownish tint. At the septa it is considerably constricted.

The diameter of the filament, which is bent into a tube, is, at the

basic part, 11-13 ja; at the apex, 7-8 u.. The cells are 1,4-2,8 [a long,

their edges bending together with a distance of 4, and occasionally

5-6 [a, between them. In cross-section, the tube is more or less ellip-

tical, the bent-back borders being of unequal length (4,2-2,8 ja

respectively). The cells of the filament when spread out, are 8-

10 times as broad as they are long (cf. Fig. 1-6).

We succeeded in observing the longitudinal division of some

filament. The process is a follows : after the tubular filament

has attained its normal measurements (diameter of 8-13 \l), a

104

GIORGY CLAUS

constriction takes place in the dorsal part of the cells (Fig. 6),

proceeding invvard up to the wall of the tube facing the interior

of it. Meanwhile, the central parts of the cell-halves which are still

connected are curving inward condiserably. Finally the two cells,

viz. the tubes consisting of these cells which hâve been formed

this way, separate. Now, it may happen that the two tubes do

not separate completely (the division proceeding gradually from

the base of the filament towards the apex) bel'ore new constric-

tions appear on the basal cells of the filament (Fig. 4). Thus we

may see on the basal part, the initial stages of four tubes when

there are only two fully developed tubes towards the apex.

Trichoma longitudinis 40-50 n, erectum, sordide glaucescens-niride pullo

obunibraium. Sepla articulala sunt. Trichoma in tubuliim flexum, in parte

basali habct latitudinem 11-13 n, in apiee 7-8 n. Longitudo cellularum 1.4-2.8 n

marginibus conflexis, inter cellulas minimum spatium 4 (5-0 n) perspicitur.

Forma transversalis tubuli elliptiea, sed margines haud aeque conflectuntur

(4.2 eu. 2.8 nj. Latitudo cellularium trichomatis explicati octies, itel decies major

est, quam longitudo. Contigit nobis animadvertere divisionem longitudinalem

singulorum trichomatum.

By a fortunate accident, I succeeded in finding another species

of Gomontiella. On the 18 th of May, 1954, the geologist, Gabriel

Magyari, handed over to me some pièces of stone and sonie scra-

ping from the wall ol a passage, so far unknown, of the cave Ko-

lyuk in Mânfa, to be examined. On the scraping there was seen a

quaint, crusty, greenish-blackish coat. I put this material in

Pétri dishes containing stérile Knop’s nutritive solution. In about

three months the algae appearing in the above -mentioned coat

became numerous and upon microscopical examination I found a

Cyanophyton of particular construction; a Gomontiella among

them. The ecological conditions of the algal habitat are so unusual

that it is of some interest to deal with it at some length.

The cave Kôlyuk of Mânfa, is situated in the South of Hungary

in the Mecsek Mountains. The main passage of the cave, so far as

presently known, is about 200 m. long with a little lake at its end.

The température of the water is 9,5-10 C°. The relative humidity

is 95-100 %. In this part of the cave complété darkness prevails.

(The back part ol the cave, opened up by Magyari and his compa-

nions, can be entered only by swimming under the water.) Thus

the abovenamed algae are living in full darkness, isolated herma-

tically from the outside world. For the function of assimilation

these algae cannot make use of any sort of energy we know of at

the présent time. Hence it is an open question as to what kind

ol energy source they utilize. Relying upon the investigations in

several caves in Hungary, we can consider as an authentic fact

RE-EVALUATION OF THE GENUS GOMONTIELLA

105

that the algae do not occur in similar conditions as resting spores

living a latent life, but rather carry on a very active assimilatory

and multiplying function.

In honor of the geologist, Gabriel Magyari, who led the opening

up of the cave Kôlyuk in Mânfa, I named the species Gomontiella

magyariana. Its description is as follows.

The filament is 150-200 tx long, erect, of brownish-green color.

Along the septa it is considerably constricted. The filament which

is « inrolled » into a tube, is 9.45 [x broad. The eells are 2 [x long,

their edges bent together, with a distance of at least 3 [x between

them. In cross-section, the tube is elliptical, the bent-back borders

being equally long (2,3 jx). The cells of the filament when spread

out, are 6-7 times as broad as they are long (Fig. 9). The filament

often pulls apart so that the two adjacent cells remain in connec¬

tion with their alternate ends only (Fig. 10, 11). The filament,

however, does note separate into individual cells. I also succeeded

in observing hormogonia.

Trichoma longitudinis 150-200 n, erectum, obumbruto viride. Septa articulata

sunt. Trichoma in tubulum flexum latitudinem 9.45 u habet. Longitudo cellu-

larum 1.6-2 11 marginibus conflexis, inter cellulas minimum spatium 3 u perspi-

citur. Forma transnersalis tubuli elliptica et margines aegue conftectuntur

(2.3 u). Latitudo cellularum trichomatis explicati sexties vel septies maior est,

quam longitudo. Hormogonia videri possunt.

The discovery of the two species referred to above, and espe-

cially the observing of their division’s process, made it necessary

to subject the taxonomical place of the whole genus Gomontiella

to a scientific investigation.

The taxonomical place of the genus Gomontiella Teodoresco has

not been cleared up sufficiently. Teodoresco considers it to be a

member of the order Hormogonales. Geitler (1925) ranks it into

the family Oscillatoriaceae of the order Hormogonales. In his

work which appeared in 1932 (Rabenhorst’ Kryptogamenflora,

p. 985), he niaintains his former opinion. Fritsch (p. 832, 1945)

describes it as a genus belonging to the family Oscillatoriaceae

of the order Nostocales. Elenkin (p. 715, 1949) raises it to the

rank of an independent family, and includes it in the order Ilor-

mogonae (Thur.) Elenk. His opinion is reflected essentially

by Poliansky (Hollerbach, Kossinskaja, Poliansky, p. 618,

1952) too, by whom it is accepted as an independent family and

considered as a member of the order Oscillatoriales set up by the

author. Also E. W. Schmidt (p. 54, 1954) mentions the family

Gomontiallaceae in the suborder Nostocinales of the order Hormo¬

gonales.

106

GIORGY CLAUS

Neither Lindau-Melchior (1930) nor Drouet (1951) makes

mention of the genus or the family.

In our opinion, the taxonomical classification of the class Hor-

mogoneae, i.e., the correct taxonomical place of the species above,

is as follows :

Classis HORMOGONEAE (Thur.) Elenk.

Filamentous multi-cellular algae. The threads are free, they

very seldom grow together with their side-branches. The cells

unité by plasinodesms and form a so-called trichome. Heterocysts

may occur or be lacking. The multiplication takes place especially

by hormogones, much more seldom by spores or hormocysts.

I. They always hâve heterocysts although these are sometimes

diffîcult to see.

Stigonematales Kossinsk.

Diplonematales Kossinsk.

Mastigocladales Kossinsk.

Nostocales Fritsch.

II. Heterocysts are always missing.

1. The threads multiply by hormogones, by longitudinal and

transversal division : Gomontiellales mihi.

2. The multiplication takes place by hormogones, longitudinal

division does note occur : Oscillatoriales Poliansk.

1. Ordo : Gomontiellales mihi.

Erect filament bent together into a longer or shorter tube

having, on the whole, parallel edges. The cells are curved

in semi-circle or full circle, their ends bending towards

each other. The division of the cells may be longitudinal and

transversal. One single family with a single genus and four

species belong here.

Gomontiellales noo. ordo.

Trichomata erecta longa nul brévia in tubulos flexos marginibus plus mi-

nusve paraUehs eonflexis. Cellulae semicirculi, aut circuliformes marginibus

connectent,bus, dwisionibus duis directionibus : longitudinalis et transversale.

Urdo monotypxcus, famiham unam, genus unum, speciei quattuor continet.

Familia : Gomonliellaceae Elenkin.

The characterization of the family agréés with that of

the order.

Genus : Gomontiella Teodoresco.

The characterization of the genus agréés with that of

the order.

RE-EVALUATION OF THE GENUS GOMONTIELLA

107

A. Short tubes of a few cells, or the cells of the filament

becoining readily detached from one another. Length of a

cell 0,5-0,75 i*.

G. hamiformis (Fig. 8).

B. Longer tubes of many cells.

a. Filament long, up to 200 p.

+ Breath of the tube, 19,8-24,2 a.

The ends of the curver cells may meet, greatest dis¬

tance between them, 2 jt.

G. subtubulosa (Fig. 7).

+ + Breadth of the tube, 9,4 {t; the ends of the inrolled cells

never meet, there is at least a distance of 3 jj. between

them. The cells of the filament may separate so that

their alternate ends meet only.

G. magyariana (Fig. 9, 10, 11).

b. Filament shorter, up to 50 jjl. Breadth of the tube, 8-

13 jj, ; the ends of the inrolled cells never meet, there

is a distance of 6-7 y. between them.

G. marthae (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

1. Gomontiella hamiformis (Pascher) Claus n. comb. = Cya-

narcus hamiformis Pascher (Pascher : Symb. Spaltp. Fla-

gell. mit Blaualg. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges, 32, p. 351, tab. 7,

Fig. 2, 24, 1914).

Threads of 2-4 cells, the cells being curved, bent togetlier

into a tube with their edges. The cell is 0,5-0,75 y. de long and

3-4 y. broad; bluish-green. The thread is constricted along

the septa (Fig. 8).

According to Pascher, cells are found also separately and

he mentions that he observed longitudinal division. His

figure Nr. 24 which he himself marks with a note of interro¬

gation is, in ail likelihood, a species of Gomontiella. We

thought it therefore necessary to rank the above-mentioned

species into the genus Gomontiella owing to its characte-

ristic features. For this reason, the genus Cyanarcus set up

by Pascher will not stand the test as a taxonomical cata-

gory. It is Geitler (1932, p. 287) who has already remarked

in connection with the species Cyanarcus hamiformis Pas-

cher : « Die Alge zeigt eine gewisse, wohl nur âusserliche

übereinstimmung mit der Hormogonale Gomontiella, deren

Fàden aus halbkreisfôrinig gebogenen Zellen zusammen-

gesetzt sind. » Hollerbach, Kossinskaja and Poliansky

write as follows : « above ail, the longitudinal division of

the cells is characteristic, by which it is sharply separated

108

GIORGY CLAUS

from ail previous généra» (translatée! from Russian), that

is to say from the other généra of the farnily Coccobactrea-

ceae Elenk.

Propagation (Pascher : p. 351) : « nannoplanctont,

•vvohl sekundër; auch in Schleim von Algen (ob angetrie-

ben?). » It was found also in the Soviet-Union (Hollerbach,

p. 57). « Seldom among algae in the nannoplankton. In the

middle course of the river Viatka. » (Translated from rus¬

sian).

2. Gomontiella subtubulosa Teodoresco (Teodoresco : Sur le

Gomontiella nom-, gen. de Schizoph. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.

\\ ien, 51, p. 757, taf. 6. 1901). According to the author’s

description : the filament is longer (about 210 g), erect,

bluish-greenish-black. Slightly constricted at the septa, with

a very thin hyalin sheath which can be seen after treatment

with stain, e. g., safranin only. The thread which is lient into

a tube is 19,8-24,2 g broad. A cell is 2-2,7 g long, its edges

are curved inward. They may slide one under the other,

meet, or be separated by a distance of not more than 2 g!

hen spread out, it is 17-20 times as broad as long. The

flattened apical cells are calyptra-Iike. No heterocysts and

resting spores occur. Teodoresco wrote about the multipli¬

cation : (p. 758) « La multiplication, a lieu seulement par

hormogonies de longueurs variables, les plus courtes sont

composées de trois cellules à peine, mais généralement, elles

sont plus longues. Dans mes préparations j'ai pu voir sou¬

vent des filaments en voie de division transversale » (Fig. 7).

Teodoresco assumes that the thread curves into a tube

m order to protect itself against frequent desiccation, since

m the capillary formed this way, water accumulâtes and is

held for a long time.

The species Gomontiella subtulosa has not been previously

found with the exception of the case recorded by Teodoresco

that we hâve mentoned.

3. Gomontiella magyariana nov. spec.

Description of the species see above.

4. Gomontiella marthae nov. spec.

Description of the species see above.

f we do not follow the opinion of Hollerbach and his fellow-

authors, but that of Geitler and we want to place the species in

■il ! C ° P f. ° f US SyStem ’ the scheme of the order Hormogonales

will be altered as follows :

RE-EVALUATION OF THE GENUS GOMONTIELLA

109

Hormogonales, Wettstein

I. Threads with true branching (dichotomie, pseudo-dichotomie

or side-branching). The threads often grow in several rows.

The cells divide longitudinally and transversely. Loriellaceae

Geitler, Pulvinulariaceae Geitler, Capsosiraceae Geitler, Loef-

greniaceae Elenkin, Nostochopsiclaceae Geitler, Stigonemata-

ceae Geitler.

II. The threads are not branched, sometimes in two rows. The

cells divide longitudinally and transversely. The edges of the

threads are curved inward into tubes. There are no heterocysts.

Gomonliellaceae, Elenkin (*).

III. The threads are not branched (sometimes pseudo-branching

occurs), in one row. The cells divide transversely only. Masti-

gocladaceae Geitler, Sokolouiaceae Elenkin, Riuulnriaceae

Rabenhorst, Scytonemataceae Rabenhorst, Leptobasaceae Elen¬

kin, Microchaetaceae Lemmermann, Nostocaceae Kützing,

Oscillatoriaceae (Gray) Kirchner.

LITERATURE CITED

ClAüs G. — Die Algenflora der Bükkseker-Thermalquelle in Nord-Un-

garn. — (Im Druck, beim Arehiv fiir Hydrobiologie.)

Claus G. — Daten zur Erkenntnis der Algenflora der Hôhlc Kôlyuk von

Mânfa in Süd-Ungarn. (In edit.)

Drouet F. — Cyanophyta in Smith’s : Manual of Phycology : 1959-166,

New York, 1951.

Elenkin A. A. - - Sinesselenic wodorosli S.S.S.R. Obschtschaja tschast

1936. Sistematitscheskaja tschast, 1.1938. 11.1949. Moskwa. (Bluegreen

Algae of the Soviétique Union. General Part 1936. Systematical Part

1.1938. 11.1949, Moskau.)

Fritsch F. E. -- The Structure and Reproduction of Algae, I-II. —

Cambridge, 1935-1945.

Geitler L. — Cyanophyceae (in Paschcr’s : Die Süsswasserflora Deutsch-

land, Osterreich und der Schweiz, 12.) — 1925.

Geitler L. —- Cyanophyceae (in Rabenshort’s Kryptogamen Flora, 14.) —

Leipzig, 1932.

Huber-Pestalozzi G. — Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers. — Die Bin-

nengewasser. 1.1938.

(*) If Geitler considered the absence of heterocysts as a décisive mark and

followed it in his system. we should place the family after Nostaceae before

Oscillatoriaceae Because of the primitive cbaracter of the division in two

directions, it got a place after Stiyonemataceae, to which family it is, in our

opinion, not attached by any relationship. Since Geitler, in opposition to the

Soviet authors, does not attach much importance to the presence or absence of

the heterocysts, it hecomes évident that there are families in his system. e.g.,

the family Rivulariaceae, in which généra occur with and wilhout heterocysts-

110

GIORGY CLAUS

Hollerbach M. M. & Kossinskaja E. K. & Poljansky W. I. — Sinesse-

lenie wodorosli. — Opredelitelj presnowodnich wodoroslej S.S.S.B.,

2, Moskwa, 1953. (Bluegreen Algae : Détermination Book of the Fresh-

water-Algae of the Soviétique Union. 1953. Moskau.)

Lindau G. & Melchior K. — Die Algen I. — Berlin, 1930.

Pascher A. — Über Synbiosen von Spaltpilzen und Flagelleten mit Blau-

algen. - Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., 32, 1914.

Schmidt E. W. — Cyanophyta. (in Engler’s : Syllabus der natürlicbe

Pflanzenfamilien : 50-55, Berlin, 1954.)

Skuja H. — Taxonomisehe u. Biologisehe Studien über d. Phytoplanktons

schwedischer Binnengewâsser. — Nov. Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal., 16/3/,

1-404. Tafel 63, 1956.

Smith G. M. — Manual of Phycology. — New York, 1951.

Teodoresscu E. C. — Sur le Gomontiella nouveau genre de Schizophy-

ceae. — Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 51, 757-760, 1901.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Fig. 1. — Gomontiella marthae n. sp. Part of a tubiform thread (X 1575).

» 2. — The same. Longitudinal division of the thread is visible. The cons-

triction commences from the dorsal side (X 1575).

» 3. — The same. The two threads formed by the division hâve not yet

separated (X 1575).

» 4. — The same. The two young threads hâve not yet separated, in their

basal part, however, a further constriction has commenced (X 1575).

» 5. — The same. Process of division as seen in transverse section of the

thread (X 785).

» 6. — The same. A thread in the process of dividing seen from the dorsal

side (X 490).

» 7. — Gomontiella subtubulosa Teodorescu. The tubiform thread shown

from dorsal and ventral side and in cross-section (X 785).

» 8. — Gomontiella hamiformis (Pascher) Claus. The tubiform thread and

its transverse section (X 2360).

» 9. — Gomontiella magyariana n. sp. Part of the tubiform thread

(X 1575).

» 10. — The same. Cells of the thread in extension with cells that meet with

their alternate ends, in ventral view (X 1575).

» U- — The same. In dorsal view, represented somewhat perspectivically

(X 1575).

REVUE algologique

N lle Sér., T- V; PI. 13

Genus Gomontiella

Albanian Algae collected by Giuseppe de Toni

By Francis DROUET

(New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas.)

While serving as captain in the Italian army of occupation in

Albania in 1941, the late Dr. Giuseppe de Toni collected a number

of a |eae largely from fresh-water aquatic and terrestnal habitats,

in the provinces of Vlonë, Berat, Tiranë, and Durrës. I am indebted

lo Dr Anna de Toni for the privilège of studying these specimens,

duplicates of which are on file in the Algarium de Toni at Brescia

and in my personal herbarium.

Myxophyceae.

Anacgstis montant, (Lightf.) Dr. & Daily, Butler Vniv. Bot.Stud.

10 • 221. 1952. — On wet substrata, Vlonë : Radhima, acqua di una

fonte no 65a , 16 Jun.: Fushes-Dukati, roccia bagnata presso una

sorgente, no. 75, 23 Jun.; Fushes-Dukati, pendici del Shendelliut,

ca . 1000 M. s. 1. m., grotta n. 1 (Stera e Vasos?), sulla parete supc-

riore, umida, no. 82, 6 Jul.

Entophgsalis rioularis (Kütz.) Dr., Amer. Midi. Nat. 30 : 671.

1943. — On wood, rocks, etc. in permanent bodies of water, Berat .

Karbounara presso Lushnjë, corassa cornea di tartaruga palustre,

presso la sorgente di H.S, no. 47, 30 May. Vlonë : Fushes-Dukati,

m. Shendelliut, vélo d’acqua nella sorgente in cavitâ naturale, no. 8 ,

6 Jul.

Amphithrix janthina (Mont.) Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII.

Bot. 3 : 344. 1886. — With Entophgsalis rivularis in the specimens

listed above from the provinces of Berat and Vlonë.

Dichothrix ggpsophila (Kütz.)Born. & Flah., ibid., 3: 377. 1886.—

On wet rocks etc., Berat : Paraboar-Ulai, in acqua corrente, 2J Apr.

Scytonema mirabile (Dillw.) Born., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 36 : 165.

1889. - - On rocks, soil, etc. wet with fresh water, Vlonë : Fushes-

Dukati, roccia bagnata presso una sorgente, no. 57, 23 Jun.

Schizothrix rubella Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII. Bot. 16: 300. 1892.—

On wet substrata, Vlonë : parete délia galleria stradale, in vélo

d’acqua, no. 84, 20 Jul.

112

FRANCIS DROUET

Schizothrix albaniensis, sp. nov. Fila longa ramosa inter alias

algas in stratum pannosum crustaceum calcareum aerugineum in-

venientia, vaginis crassis lamellosis primum hyalinis aelate provecta

interne vel omnino fuscescentibus, chlorozincico ioilurato haud

coerulescentibus ; trichomatibus aerugineis 4-5 y. crassis redis vel

flexuosis ad genicula non aut leviter constrictis ad apices longe

aflenuatis, intra vaginam singulis vel duobus

vel tribus; cellulis diametro 1/2-3/4 brevio-

ribus: protoplasmate granuloso; cellula api-

cali longe conica. — Fig. 1. This new species

of the section Chromosiphon Gom. does

not develop the very long and sharply

pointed end-cells of S. acutissima Dr. Its

sheaths are much Armer and more copiously

developed than are those of the latter sneries.

One specimen, the TYPE, with S. albaniensis

developing in a stratum of S. rubella Gom.

and Phormidium autumnale (Ag.) Gom.,

seen from VIonë : parete délia gallera stra-

dale, in vélo d’acqua, no. 84, 20 Jul.

Hydrocoleum homoeotrichum Kütz., Phyc.

Gen., p. 196. 1843. — On various substrata

in tlowing water, VIonë : Brataj, letto di

torrente in acqua a lento corso, no. 3, 18 Mar.

vaginatus (Vauch.) Gom., Journ. de Bot. 4: 353

1890. It is probable that many, if not ail, of the specimens listed

below as Phormidium autumnale consist of trichomes of this spe-

cies outof their sheaths. On soil, etc. wet intermittently by rains

era . Karbounara presso Lushnjë, in terra umida, no. 26, 13 May.

m^ l 7 0 °oo leilS palmiosus (Kütz) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VIII. Bot. 15:

358. 1892. — On wet soil, Berat : Lushnjë, in acqua di fosso a lento

corso, no. 32c, 20 May.

^onemaNostocorum Born. in Born. & Thur., Notes Algol. 2 :

13/. 1880. — On wet substrata, Berat : Karbounara presso Lushnjë

sponda asciutta di torrente, no. UU, 28 May.

Symploca muralis Kütz., Phyc. Gen., p. 201. 1843. — On inter-

™ tt “ Uy < " ,et soil - rocks > etc., Berat : Karbounara presso Lushnjë,

no. Z8a, 1 Jun.

ioan mPl ° Ca dUbi<l <NSg ' ) Gom ' Ann - Sci - Nat - VII. Bot. 16 : 115

II 2 ', I " see P a S e on rocks, VIonë : Fushes-Dukati, pendici del

Shendelhut, ca. 1000 M. s. 1. m„ grotta n. 1 (Stera e Vasos?), sulla

parete supenore, umida, no. 82, 6 Jul.

Fig- 1. — Schizothrix

albaniensis, sp. nov.,

two trichomes wi-

thin a sheath.

ALBANIAN ALGAE

113

Lyngbya versicolor (Wartm.) Gom., ibid. 16 : 147. 1892. On

rocks, wood, etc., usually in flowing water, Berat : Karbounara

presse Lushnjë, fosso d’acqua dolce corrente fra canne, no. 21a,

10 May.

Lyngbya Taylorii Dr. & Strickl. in Strickl., Amer. Journ. Bot. 27 :

631. 1940. — It is interesting to note this species, the sheaths of

which become brillantly bine when treated with chlor-zin-iodine,

growing so far from the western hemisphere, from which it has

hitherto been reported. In shallow water, Berat : Paraboar-Lilai, in

acqua corrente, no. 14(15), 29 Apr.; Karbounara presso Lushnjë,

in sasso in acqua corrente, e corassa cornea di tartaruga palustre

presso la sorgente di ILS, nos. 4 3, 47, 28 & 30 May.

Phormidium foveolarum (Mont.) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII. Bol.

16 : 164. 1892. — On wet soil and rocks, Berat : Paraboar-Lilai,

terra umida, su sasso, no. 21, 6 May.

Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gom., ibid. 16 : 169. 1892. In

shallow water, Berat : Karbounara presso Lushnjë, sorgente di

acqua contenente notavole quantité di H : S, no 59, 1 Jun. Vlonë :

Jounfri, rivo d’acqua dolce presso il mare, no. 68, 17 Jun.

Phormidium ualderianum Gom., ibid., 16 : 167. 1892. — In

shallow water, Vlonë : Fushes-Dukati, fosso di acqua corrente,

nos. 72, 80, 21 & 28 Jun.

Phormidium subfuscum Kiitz., Phyc. Gen., p. 195. 1843. — On

wood, rocks, etc. in flowing water, Vlonë : Fushes-Dukati, letto del

fiume Dukati, no. 71, 20 Jun.

Phormidium autumnale (Ag.) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII. Bot. 16 :

187. 1892. — On wet ground, wood, rocks, walls, etc. and in rain

pools, Berat : Berat, città vecchia, muro umido, no 50, 31 May;

Fieri, in terra umida e fosso asciutto, nos. 63a, 64, 14 Jun.; Kar¬

bounara presso Lushnjë, letto asciutto di torrente e in fosso, nos. 38,

39, 45, 60, 28 May & 1 Jun.; Lushnjë, in fosso e in terra umida sulla

strada, nos. 24, 52-56, 12 & 31 May; Paraboar-Lilai, sulla terra

umida, no. 10, 18 Apr. Durrës : Krujë, terra umida e piccolo fosso

secco vicino al Convalescensiario presso Pengile, nos. 87, 88, 7 &

10 Oct. Tiranë ; terra umida per scolo di acqua di fontana, Scuola

S. Giorgio, no. 85, 22 Jul. Vlonë : Jounfri, in acqua dolce a lento

corso in riva al mare, no. 69, 17 Jun.; Kriovero, parete délia galleria

stradale, in vélo d’acqua, no. 8ia, 20 Jul.; Radhima, acqua di una

fonte, no. 65a, 16 Jun.

Phormidium uncinatum (Ag.) Gom., Journ. de Bot. 4 : 355. 1890.

— On stones, wood, etc. in standing or moving water, Berat : Lu-

114

FRANCIS DROUET

shnjë, in fosso, nos. 22a, 25, 25a, 27, 34, 12-28 May; Paraboar-Lilai,

in cascatella c fontanile, no. 16-18-20, 29 Apr. & 5 May. Vlonë :

Fushes-Dukati, fosso di acqua corrente, no. 73, 22 Jun.: Jounfri ;

rivo d’acqua dolce presso il inare, no. 68, 17 Jun.

Oscillatoria formosa Bory ex Gom., ibid. 4 : 356. 1890. — In

shallow water and on wet ground, Durrës : Krujë, su terra umida

vicino al Convalescensiario di Pengile, no. 86, 14 Sept.

Oscillatoria brevis (Kütz.) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII. Bol. 16 : 229.

1892. — On wet ground and in shallow water, Berat : Fieri, in

terra umida nel eampo sosta sulla strada di Apollonia, no. 63,

14 Jun.; Lushnjë, in terra umida e in acqua stagnante, nos. 28, 30,

33, 46, 13-29 May.

Oscillatoria chalybea Mert. in Jürg., Alg. Aq. Dulc. Dec. 13 : 4.

1822. — In shallow water, Berat : Ivarbounara presso Lushnjë,

presso la sorgente di H,S, no. 58(26), 1 Jun.

Oscillatoria arliculala Gardn., Ment. New York Bot. Gard. 7 : 34.

1927. — See Drouet in Amer. Journ. Bot. 24 : 608. 1937._In

shallow water and on wet ground, Berat : Lushnjë, in acqua di

fosso a lento corso, no. 32b, 20 May.

Rhodophyceae.

Asterocytis ornata (Ag.) Hamel, Kev. Algol. 1 : 451. 1924. _ On

moist substrata and in shallow water, Berat : Paraboar-Lilai, casca¬

tella, no. 16, 29 Apr.

Bangia atro-purpurea (Roth) Ag., Syst. Alg., p. 76. 1824. _ Con-

ferva atro-purpurea Roth, Calai. Bot. 3: 208. 1806. — In fresh-water

streams near the sea, Berat : Paraboar-Lilai, 23 Apr.

Hildbrandtia prototypus Nardo, Isis v. Oken 1834 (1) : 675. 1834.

— On rocks etc. in shallow marine waters, Vlonë : Jounfri, in mare,

presso la riva, fra gli scogli, no. 67, 17 Jun.

Heterokontae.

Vaucheria geminnla (Vauch.) DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 2: 62. 1815. -

In seepage and in shallow water, Berat : Lushnjë, in acqua semi

ground, Vlonë : Babizza, no. 5, 19 Mar.

Vaucheria terreslris (Vauch.) DC., loc. cit. 1815. — On moist

stagnante, no. 31, 20 May.

ALBANIAN ALGAE

115

Chlorophyceae.

Protosiphon cinnamomeus (Mcnegh.) Dr. & Daily Butler Vniv

Rot Stud 12 • 159. 1956. P. botryoïdes (Kutz.) klebs, Beding. d.

Fortpfl.-Physiol. d. Nied. Org„ p. 222. 1896. - On wct or damp sort,

Berat : Karbounara presso Lushnje, orlo di fosso umido, no. ,

28 May.

Microspora stngnorum (Kütz.) Lagerh., Ber.deutsch bot. Gest S:

415-417. 1887. — In shallow water, Vlone : Brataj, fossa d acqua

dolce a lento corso, no. 1, 18 Mar.

Stigeoclonium tenue (Ag.) Kütz., Phyc. Gen., p. 253. 1843. — On

stones wood, and larger plants in shallow, usually movmg water,

Berat ': Karbounara presso Lushnjë, tosso d'acqua dolce corrente

fra canne, no. 21a, 10 May.

Chtorotylium cataractarum Kütz., ibid. p. 285. 1813. — On stones

etc. in shallow water, Berat : Lushnjë, in acqua di tosso a lento

corso, no. 32, 20 May.

Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Ag.) Kütz.. Phyc Germ., p. 206.

1845. - In shallow water, Berat : tosso d’acqua lentamente cor-

rente, sulla umblattiera verso i baghetti ad Est di Lushnje, no. 3 ,

23 May.

Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz., ibid. p. 212. 1845. — On rocks

and olher substrata in strea.ns, Berat : Karbounara presso Lushnje

in acqua corrente, nos. 22, 40, 9 & 28 May; Paraboar-Lila,, letto d,

torrente, in acqua corrente nos. ?2, 18a, 23 & 29 Apr. Vlone : Bru-

taj letto di torrente, sui sassi, no 4, 18 Mar.; Fushes-Du a 1 , gre o

del flume Dukati, no 16, 23 Jun.; Radhima, vélo d acqua d, una

fonte, no 65, 16 Jun.

Spirogyra longata (Vauch.) Kütz.. Phyc. Gen., p. 279.1843. — In

shallow water, Vlonë: Fushes-Dukati, letto del flume Dukat., no. 74,

23 Jun.

Spirogyra Spreeiana Rabenh., Alg. Sachs. 99-100 : 988 . 1860.

In shallow water, Berat : Lushnjë, in acqua di fosso a lento cors ,

no. 32a, 20 May.

Freshwater Algae of Sierra Leone

3. The Algae of Rokupr and Greaf Scarcies River

N. WOODHEAD and R. D. TWEED

Department of Botany, University College of North Wales, Bangor.

The Great Scarcies River, alternatively known as the R. Kolenti,

forms the frontier between Sierra Leone and « French Guinea »

over most of its course, but the portion considered algologically

here is the final section winch ilows completely within Sierra

Leone territory. Over 60 years ago Dr. Leuduger-Fertmorel exa-

mined two phials from the smal! ports of Mambolo and Tamalarabo

which he xvas unable to trace on maps available to him; he W'as

under the impression they were close to Freetown, at the mouth of

the Sierra Leone River, which is about 50 km. in a straight line

irom Mambolo. The gatherings proved to be rich, «une énorme

quantité de débris de Diatomées à l’état tellement ténues qu'il est

impossible de les déterminer». From among this fragmentation

he isolated specimens which he arranged in 215 taxa of which

9 were described as new. The slides on which these were based are

housed in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. In the

preiace to the whole Work (Leuduger- Fortmorel, 1898) in which

the Sierra Leone diatoms were published, he pointed mit that not-

hing was then known about the freshwater diatoms of West Africa :

he iorecasted that they would not dilfer materially from tliose

known from other continents. Among ail the « marine » diatoms he

observed some species known to be of freshwater origin, but he

Iliade no comments about their spécial characteristics. It so happens

that the Sierra Leone list was almost free from such a freshwater

population, though a few brackish-water species were included

lhe présent authors commenced their survey of algal collections

from Sierra Leone in 1950, the material being obtained through the

kind services ol government scientific offlcers stationed in varions

parts of the Colony and Protectorate. When the Rice Research Sta-

tmn was established for the British West African countries, it was

en red at Rokupr on the Great Scarcies River, and we realised that

it couldonly be a short distance from the villages whence Dr Lfu-

duger-Fohtmorel had received his material, The distance is about

FRESWATER AI.GAE OF SIERRA LEONE

117

12 km. upstream from Mambolo. A useful comparison is thus made

possible betwen collections made 60 years apart. Kipimp and Kai-

konki are also within this portion of the river, i.e. within the tidal

reaches, and the material we hâve received from them were taken

from the edges of rice-bearing swamps, whereas the Rokupr sériés

of collections, amounting to 150 tubes gathered at ail periods of the

year, were obtained from the irrigation ditches and the experimental

polders. In 1954, Mr. Adams made collections for us at Mambalo

itself from brown sédiments taken « 3 feet helow High Water Mark

and extending to Low Water Mark, in a tidal creek », possibly ap-

proximating to the type of collections made for Leuduger-Fort-

morel.

In presenting our own records we make a réservation that they

are based on less than half of the material we hâve received; our

primary concern had been to détermine the seasonal and topogra-

phical variations in the abundant species in the various polders at

the Rice Research Station. We had previously examined nearly a

hundred collections made in the hinterland (Woodhead & Tweed,

1956, 1958), where we demonstrated a very rich flora of desmids,

diatoms and blue-green algae along with représentatives of other

groups. The Rokupr collections provide a marked contrast, for

though they are taken at least 25 km. from the river mouth, the

Great Scarcies is still tidal. Hence there are mixtures of marine,

brackish and freshwater diatoms the species tolerating saline con¬

ditions being most abundant. After reconciling Leuduger-Fort-

morel’s nomenclature with that of later research, a matter embo-

died in our Check List (Woodhead & Tweed, 1958 a) we hâve noted

36 taxa common to his list and ours. We hâve noted algae that are

listed in the pelagic records of Sousa e Silva along the Gulf of

Guinea (1952/6, etc.). We propose 18 new species among a total

of over 350, our lists including a few algae other than the diatoms.

It is at once apparent that we hâve found a preponderence of

diatoms considered as brackish-water or freshwater, though among

the latter are many which show remarkable tolérance. At Rokupr

the salinity for most ot the sites has been determined;

Normality p.p.m. Cl.

Sites 7 & 8, polder C. 0.0358 N. 1270

Ail other sites 0.0237 N. 840

« the higher figure inside the polder is at first sight surprising but

it is probably due to the seepage of saline ground water under the

bund and concentration by évaporation » (W. Jackson in lettcr). At

Source : MNHN, Paris

118

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

the period, June, when these déterminations were made the pH

values at sites 7 & 8 were 2.8 to 3.6, the remaining sites varying

between 5.6 and 6.3 ; the polder had been dug in February. The rice

experimental area receives water shed from higher ground, which

is lateritic, to the mud along the river, where tidal water mixes

with it at Ieast at the spring tides, e.g. at such tides polder C

receives saline water. The climax of the saline period is reached in

April. Variations in pH during the year on any one of the sites

differ :

Site 1

pH 5.52 to 7.0

4.68 to 7.4

5.04 to 7.2

5.19 to 7.0

5.40 to 7.2

4.00 to 7.2

Site 7 pH 2.80 to 4.60

8 3.15 to 4.80

9 4.10 to 7.0

10 4.40 to 7.60

12 4.41 to 6.60

(Site 11 was not used)

SYSTEMATIG LIST

(presented in alphabetical order)

LF refers to plants appearing in Leuduger-Fortmorel’s list, 1898

for Mambolo etc.

W & T refers to plants appearing in our lists, the sample number

appended indicating the référencé to our Algal Collection. If no

locality is specified, the record refers to Rokupr.

SS refers to recent records for Guinea Coast waters hy Sousa e

Silva.

ACHNANTHES

brevipes Ag. LF.

inflata (Ktz.) Grun. W & T (2366) ; lias a wide distribution in

West Africa.

Jacksonii sp. nova nobis, Rokpur (2288, site 6, May 1953 at pH

about 6.0). Valves ovate with short produced ends, bluntly

rostrate, 40 {x long, 13 n wide. Raphe valve with narrow fili-

form raphe, axial area narrow, weakly widened around as the

central area. Rapheless valve with a narrow pseudoraphe but

no central area. Striation on both valves alike, faintly radiate,

11-12 in 10 l( x, coarsely punctate, the puncta 12 in 10 jx. Named

for W. Jackson Esq., Botanist at the Rice Research Station.

On account of the coarse striation this is a distinctive species.

Fig. 3.

119

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

Valvae ovatae apicibus productis curtis, rostratis obtusis, W n long.,

i3 (i lat. Rhaphevalva rhaphe recta filiforma, area axmh angusta area

centrali paene dilatata. Areovalva area axiali angusta sine area centrait;

striis transapicalibus valuorum duorum similibus, 11-12 n in 10 h radta-

tis, punctis 12 in 10 il

lanceolata (Bréb. ex Ktz.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T.

v. rostrata (ôstrup) Hust., W & T, also at Kipimp.

longipes Ag. LF : W & T : SS (at Dakar).

pusilla sp. nova nobis, Rokupr (2359, site 12, Dec. 1953, at pH

about 6.0). Valves elliptical with broadly rounded ends, 14 h-

long, SA p wide. Raphe valve with a broad transverse band

reaching thc margins sharply defined as a central area, the

raphe filiform and straight in a very narrow axial area : striae

about 20 in 10 g, strongly punctate, vertical to the axial line.

Rapheless valve also with a broad transverse band, rounded

towards the central area, the pseudoraphe narrow; striae

more than 20 in 19 r, more linely and closely punctate than on

the accompaning valve. This tiny diatom lias the size and shape

of A. krijophila, but a very different style of areas as well as

lhe direction of the striae. Fig. 22.

Valvae ellipticae apicibus late rotundalae, U u long, SA s lut. Rhaphe-

V al„a rlmphe recta cl filiforma, area axiali angustissimn dilatata fasciam

latam us pue ad marginem percurrentem formante, stras transapicalibus

paratlelibus circa 20 in 10 » distincte punctatis. Areovalva area axial, un-

gusta etiam fasciam latam, rotundata ad nodulum centralem; stnis 20 in

10 punctatis delicatioribus et confertioribus.

ACTINOCYCLUS

Ehrenbergii Ralfs in Pritchard, LF, as Actinoptychus septe-

rarius; W & T; SS (at Dakar).

v. Ralfsii (W. Sm.) Hust. in Rabh. (= A. Ralfsii (W. Sm.)

Ralfs = Eupodiscus Ralfsii W. Sm.) LF : he found it well

distributed on the west coast of Africa from Morocc.o to

the mouth of the Congo. We hâve found it in otlier parts of

of Sierra Leone, but not in the Great Scarcies River.

ellipticus Grun. in V. H., W &T.

subtilis (Greg.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF; W & T.

ACTINOPTYCHUS

africanns Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

campanulifer A.S., LF.

Heliopella Grun. in V. H., LF.

mambolensis VV & T 1958, LF (as A. reticulatus Leud.-Fort.

1898, an epithet already occupied by Pantocsek in 1886). The

type locality is, of course, Mambolo.

120

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

mirons Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

rotifer Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

segmenlatus Brun in A. S„ LF.

splendens (Shadb.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF ; W & T at Rokupr,

where frequent, Mambolo, Kaikonki and Kipimp.

undulatus (Bailey) Ralfs in Pritchard, including Leuduger-

Fortmorel’s records of A. areolatus (Ehr.) A. S. and A. sena-

rius Ehr. Hustedt (1955) indicated that A. senarius required

to be placed under this epithct. LF; W & T at Rokupr,

where frequent. Mambolo, Kaikonki and Kipimp. It is dis-

tributed ail aiong the Guinea Coast. At Rokupr (2366, site 1,

Jan. 1954 at pH 6.8), specimens were seen wifli a diameter of

oniy 14 g.

AMPHIPRORA

ahta (Ehr.) Ktz., LF; W & T, also at Kaikonki

paludosaW. Sm„ LF : W & T at Kipimp oniy.

Temperei Ci., W & T at Kipimp oniy.

AMPHORA

bigibba Grun. in A. S„ W & T (Rokupr, 2341 ) measuring 24 g

long, 11 J* wide, with 4 strongs ribs at the base of the construc¬

tion, ail striae parallel, 24 in 10 jx. It has been recorded from

Belgian Congo (Fig. 18).

coffeaeformis (Ag.) Ktz., LF : W & T at Rokupr and Kaikonki.

crasso Greg., LF : SS at Dakar and in the Gu If of Guinea.

exigua Greg., LF : recently found at Banana, Belgian Congo by

Kufferath.

granulata Greg., LF.

macilenta Greg., LF.

marina (W. Sm.) V. H„ LF. SS at Dakar and Portuguese

uuinea.

pedicuius (Ktz.) Grun. in A. S. W & T: it has an extensive dis¬

tribution in West Africa.

proleus Greg., LF.

robusta Greg., LF.

satina W. Sm., LF.

turgida Greg., LF.

ANABAENA

Stérile filaments occur in some Rokupr polders.

ANOMOEONEIS

brachysira (Bréb.) Grun. in V. H. W & T. We agréé with Chol-

FRESWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

121

noky that it cannot be considered as a northern-alpine diatom.

. . f. thermalis (Grun. in V. H.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T.

exilis (Ktz.) Cl., W & T.

serions (Bréb.) Cl., v. acuta Hust., W & T at Kaikonki. Chol-

noky recently (1957) reported this variety in Transvaal.

It was originally dcscribed for Indonesia.

asterolampra

Grevillei (Wall.) Grev., LF : W & T at Kaikonki only.

AULACODISCUS

margaritaceus Ralfs in Pritchard v. lenera (Witt.) Ratt., LF

as A. africanus.

Petersii Ehr., W & T, also at Kaikonki where frequent, and

Kipimp. SS obtained one specimen ofT the Cape Verde Isles.

AULISCUS

africanus Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

BACTERIASTRUM

hyalinus Laud., LF as B. spirillum Castr. SS records it for

Portuguese Guinea and Dakar.

varions Laud., LF. This requires adding to our Check List for 2,

6 , 20 .

BIDDULPHIA

africana Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

aurita (Lyngb.) Bréb. & Godey, LF : W & T at Rokupr, Mam-

bolo, Kaikonki and Kipimp.

biddulphiana (J. E. Sm.) Boyer, LF as B. pulchella S. F. Gray.

SS records for Portuguese Guinea and Sénégal.

granulata Roper, LF : W & T at Kaikonki.

longicruris Grev., LF : W & T at Rokupr and Kaikonki. SS for

for Sénégal, Portuguese Guinea and « French » Guinea.

mobiliensis (Bail.) Grun. in V. H., LF as B. Baileyi. SS for

Sénégal, Portuguese Guinea and « French » Guinea, so that it

likely to occur in Sierra Leone.

obtusa (Ktz.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF. SS for Sénégal and

Portuguese Guinea.

polymorpha (Grun. in V. H.) Wolle, LF as Cerataulus poly-

morphus Grun. in V. H. : W & T.

regina W. Sm., W & T.

rhombus (Ehr.) W. Sm., LF.

122

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

Tuomeyii (Bailey) Roper, LF. SS for Dakar and Portuguese

Guinea.

CALONEIS

b revis (Greg.) CI., LF. We hâve found it in other Coastal dis¬

tricts of Sierra Leone.

formosa (Greg.) Cl., LF: W & T at Kaikonki and Kipimp. This

is one of the diatoms noted for Sierra Leone by P. T. Cleve.

latiuscula (Ktz.) Cl., LF.

permagna (Bailey) Cl., W & T. LF recorGed it for Cameroons.

CAMPYLODISCUS

adriaticus Grun., LF.

Doemoelianus Grun. in A. S., LF as C. Thuretii.

Ralfsii W. Sm. v. decorus (Bréb.) A. Cl.-Eul., LF as C. decorus.

CAMPYLONEIS

Greuillei (W. Sm.) Grev., LF; W & T.

CAMPYLOS1RA

cymbelliformis (A. S.) Grun. in V. H. v. producta var. nova nobis

(Rokupr, 2361 ), smaller than the type, 26.6 g. long, 5.6 n -wide

•with the ends finely produced and sub-eapitate. Fig. 17.

Cellulis minoribus, 26.6 a long., 5.6 a lat., polis subcapitalis et délicate

productis.

CERATAULUS

Smithii Ralfs in Pritchard, LF (also recorded as Biddulphia

radiata Roper) : W & T : SS for Sénégal.

turgidus Ehr., LF.

CHAETOCEROS

aflims Land. LF as C. Ralfsii Cl., SS records it for Sénégal.

borealis Bail. v. Brightwellii CI., LF.

coarctalus Laud., LF. SS records for Sénégal and Ivory Coast.

diadema (Ehr.) Gran, LF as Syndendrium diadema.

hispidum (Ehr.) Brightwell, LF.

paradoxus Cl., LF.

CHLAMYDOMONAS spp. occur at Rokupr.

CLIMACOSPHENIA

moniligera Ehr., LF.

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

123

CLOSTERIUM

rostratum (Ehr.) Ralfs, W & T.

striolatum (Ehr.) Ralfs, W & T.

COCCONEIS

disculus (Schum.) Cl., W & T at Mambolo and Rokupr.

. . v. diminuta (Pant.) A. Cl.-Eul. f. multistriatn forma nova

nobis. Rokupr (2366, site 1, Jan. 1954 at pH 6.8) and Kai-

konki (2336, Dec. 1953). A form measuring 12.6-18.2 |x

long, 8-9.8 g. wide, the striation radial and punctate, with

twice the density on the raphe valve (about 25 in 10 a) as

on the rapheless valve (12 in 10 jx).

Forma 12.6-18.2 n long., 8-9.8 u loi. striis transapicalibus radiatis punc-

lalisque, in rhaphovalvam circa 25 in 10 4, areovalvam solus 12 in 10 n.

pellucida Hantzsch in Rabh., LF; SS records for Dakar.

pelta A. S., W & T. VVe hâve not seen any other records for

Africa.

placentula Ehr., W & T; it has a wide distribution in the Guinea

countries.

scutellum Ehr., LF : W & T at Kaikonki only. It occurs in

inost Guinea countries.

thumensis Mayer, W & T at Kipimp (2335, Nov. 1953) measu¬

ring 8.4 (x long, 7 [x wide, both valves having coarsely-punctate

striae, 14 in 10 jx. Cholnoky recently recorded it for the Victo¬

ria Falls.

COSCINODISCUS

antiquus Grun. v. lapponicus A. Cl.-Eul. f. multispinosus A. Cl.-

Eul., W & T; this seems to be the first African record.

argus Ehr., AV & T at Kaikonki.

asteromphalus Ehr., W & T at Kaikonki; SS for Portuguese

Guinea. Few African records exist.

. . v. co'nspicuus Grun. in V. H., LF.

centralis Ehr., LF. SS has found ail along the Guinea coasts.

curuatulus Grun., W & T at Mambolo only. SS records for

Portuguese Guinea.

debilis Rattray, LF.

decipiens Grun. in V. H., LF : SS in Portuguese Guinea and

Sénégal.

decrescens Grun. in AS v. genuinus f. minor forma nova nobis

Rokupr (2340, site 8, Dec. 1953 at pH 4.0). Only half the dia-

meter of the type, 17 jx, areolae 2 in 10 jx in the middle, a

central fîeld présent.

124

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

Cum areacentral!, i„ medio areolis 2 in 10 u; diamètre solus dimidio

v. genuino, 17 4.

. . v. repletus Grun., W & T, also at Rokupr (2399, site 7

Dec. 1953) of small diameter, 24 n, ivithout a central field,

the areolae 4 in 10 j/..

We hâve not seen African records for C. decrescens taxa.

diplostictus Grun. in V. H., LF.

excentrions Ehr., LF; W & T in most of the Rokupr gatherings,

also at Mambolo and Kipimp. SS for most Guinea countries'

gigas Ehr., LF.

granulatus Ehr., W & T.

kryophilus Grun. (C. excentricus v. fasciculata Hust. in Rabh.,

1930) W & T. It occurred in Zanon’s West African materiaL

hneatus Ehr., LF : W & T in most gatherings at Rokupr, also

at Mambolo; SS for Guinea Coast countries.

marginatus Ehr., W & T at Kipimp only. LF reported it for

the Congo delta.

micans A. S., LF.

nitidulus Grun. in A. S., W & T.

nitidus Greg., LF; W & T; SS for Sénégal and Ivorv Coast

nodulifer A S., LF; W & T.

obscurus A. S., LF.

oculus-iridis Ehr., LF : W & T ; SS gives as general in

Guinea Coast countries.

pectinatus Rattray, LF.

petlucidus Grun. in V.H.. LF.

perforatus Ehr., LF : SS found for Sénégal and Ivory Coast.

radiatus Ehr., LF ; W & T, frequent at times at Rokupr and

Mambolo, also seen at Kaikonki and Kipimp. At Kipimp (2335)

a form 93 n diameter, the margin not striate and no uinbilicus

(rig. 2). SS gives for Sénégal and Portuguese Guinea.

COSMARIUM

suberenntum Hantzch in Rabh., W & T in one gathering front

Rokupr (site 1).

CYCLOTELLA

antigua W. Sm„ W & T at Rokupr (2293, July 1953), a form

14-15 jj. in diameter.

comta (Ehr.) Ktz„ LF: W <£• T, frequent in one Rokupr

site (10). It îs said to prefer highly eutrophic waters in the

tropics.

Source : MNHN, Paris

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

125

Kuetzingiana Thwaites, W & T, frequent in most gatherings

from Rokupr, save site 10 where the previous species is

common. Also frequent at Mambolo.

pelagica Grun., LF.

sielligera (Cl & Grun. in Cl.) Cl. & Grun. in V. H., LF : W

& T. SS has recorded for Sénégal.

stylorum Brightwell, LF. The type locality was from Sierra

Leone (Q.J.M.S., 8, plate 6, fig. 16).

CYMATOSIRA

belgica Grun. in V. H., W & T at Rokpr (2293) a form measu-

ring 24 jx long, 5 jx wide, the obtuse pôles evenly rounded. Cen¬

tral field linear (in the type it is laneeolate). Striation 12-14 in

10 jjl, distinctly punctate, puncta 10 in 10 (x, with puncta over

the ends of the pôles.

Lorenziana Grun., LF.

CYMBELLA

amphicephala Nag. in Ktz., W & T.

cuspidata Ktz., W & T.

jauanica Hust., W & T : though known in S. Africa, we hâve not

seen W. Africa, records for this pan-tropical diatom.

naviculiformis (Auersw. in Rabh) Auersw. in Kirchn., W & T.

punctata sp. nov. nobis, Rokupr (2288). Valves broadly elliptical

with rostrate pôles, the dorsal side more convex, 17.5 jx long,

11 (x wide. Raphe straight, the central pores sharply bent ven-

trally. Axial area narrow scarcely widened into a central area.

Transapical striation strong, 15-16 in 10 fx, radial throughout

and strongly punctate, almost beaded, with one or two shorter

striae among longer ones in the middle. Fig. 21.

Valvae late ellipticae paullo asymmetricae ad apices rostratae obtusatae ,

17.5 v- long., 11 v- lat., margine dorsali plus convexa quant uentralem. Rhaphe

recta poris centralibus marginem ventralem inclinatis, area axiali angusta

sed non in medio dilatata. Striis transapicalibus radiantibus validis, 15-

16 in 10 .u, oalde punctatis paene margaritatis, in media parte compluribus

brevioribus intercalatis.

Dusenii Cl., LF.

DIATOMA

maximum (Perag.) Grun. in A. S., W & T.

DIMEROGRAMMA

fuluum (Greg.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF.

minus (Greg.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF.

. . v. nanum (Greg.) V. H. & Grun. in V. H., LF.

126

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

DIPLONEIS

Adonis (Brun) CI. u. oamurensis CI., LF.

Bombus (Ehr.) Ehr, LF. SS records for Guinea Coast coun-

tries.

Crabro (Ehr.) Ehr., LF.

didyma (Ehr.) Ehr., LF: W & T, also at Kaikonki. The only

other African record is for Egypt in 1958.

elliplica (Ktz.) CL, LF.

exemta (A. S.) CL, LF.

fnsea (Greg.) CL, W & T.

. . v. pelagi (A. S.) CL, LF.

gemmatula Grun. v. lacrgmans (A. S.) CL, LF.

Gruendleri (A. S.) CL, LF.

oblongella (Nâg. in Ktz.) CL, LF.

. . v. ovalis (Hilse in Rabh.) Ross in Polunin, W & T, also at

Kipimp.

splendida (Greg.) CL, LF.

. . v. paella (A. S.) CL, LF.

Weissflogii (A. S.) Cl.. LF : W & T, not uncommon at Rokupr

and also seen at Kipimp.

ENTOPYLA

australis (Ehr.) Ehr., W & T.

EPITHEMIA

turgida (Ehr.) Ktz., v. granulata (Ehr.) Brun, LF.

EUGLENA

mutabilis (Klebs) Schmitz v. Mainxii Gojdics, W & T at Rokupr

(2296 site 7, Aug. 1953 at pH 4.1), 42 g long, 5.5 g wide, com-

parable with the illustrations of material from Iowa. Fig. 25.

EUNOTIA

angustata (Grun.) Berg, W & T.

arcus Ehr., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

. . v. minor Grun. in V. H., W & T, at Rokupr (2295 site 7

at pH 4.5), measuring only 17.5 g long, 3.5 g wide.

curoata (Ktz.) Lgst., It seem necessary to comment on the usage

of tins narae, for Ross unfortunately only gave the baldest of

référencés when he used it in his Work. After comparison of the

illustrations and citations in numerous Works it can he esta-

bhshed that there are two diatoms mixed up in the welter of

synonyms, yet readily referable to original texts.

FRESH WATER ALGAE OP SIERRA LEONE

127

Synedra lunaris Ehrenberg 1831

Exilaria curuata Kützing 1834

It is also clear that the Rabenhorst specimens do not conform

to the Ehrenberg specimens (illustrations and description) of

his Synedra lunaris; if they did, then his usage of Eunotia

lunaris would hâve preceded that of Grunow. Grunow, howe-

ver, illustrated the Ehrenberg plant, which shows atténuation

of the valves, not the parallel margins characteristic of Exilaria

curuata. When Ross considered the case it seems that he chose

the later-derived epithet, when accepted usage states that the

oldest valid epithet must be used; similarly a new epithet

should hâve been coined for the Rabenhorst plants. It is quite

clear that the plants based on Rabenhorst must be expunged

from records of Eunotia lunaris, and it inust be confessed that

ail records of E. lunaris and E. curuata become suspect, unless

their real shape is illustrated or described.

diadema Ehr., W & T,

. . v. tetraodon (Ehr.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T.

flexuosa (Bréb.) Ktz., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo. It has

been seen in most Guinea Coast countries.

lineolata Hust., W & T in most Rokupr collections, and also

seen Mambolo. In sample 2292, July 1953, some specimens

showed weakly undulate sides, 142 tx long, 4.5 y. wide, the striae

15 in 10 {jl, the marginal puncta 7-8 in 10 jx.

. . f. minor forma nova nobis, at Rokupr, sample 2293, July

1953 and other samples. A small form, only 39-66 y. long,

5-6 jx wide, the marginal puncta 7-8 in 10 fx. This form is not

uncommon.

Forma minor, 39-66 h long., 5-6 n lat. punctis marginalibus 8-7 in

10 H.

margaritata sp. nova nobis, Rokupr (sample 2288, site 6, May

1953). Valves with a straight ventral margin and a inoderately

tumid dorsal margin, the pôles very slightly curved ventrally,

neither produced nor capitate, evenly rounded. 33 [x long, 4-6 g.

wide. On the dorsal side the striae are strong and distant, 5 in

10 (x, but the striation does not reach the ends where there is

a zone without sculpture around the raphe ends, which reach

the mid-point of the valve. On the ventral side the striae are

délicate and much denser, about 18 in 10 jx, also leaving the

polar parts free. The pseudoraphe is narrow. Strong blunt

knohs project above the dorsal surface in between the striae,

which also project as firm, though much thinner, spines above

the margin. This dorsal ornament is not continued over the

hyaline part of the valve. Fig. 24.

128

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

An unusual diatom structure makes the affinities diffîcult to

trace, even among the Desmogonium section of Eunotia species.

Valvae inargine ventrali recta margine dorsali modice tumida, apicibus

lenissime curvatis ad ventrem nec productis nec capitatis, aequaliter ro-

tundatis, 33 n long., 4.6 h lat. Dorso striis transapicalibus validis et distan-

tibus, 5 in 10 n; ventro striis densioribus delicatisque, circa 18 in 10 n, ad

pôles absunt. Rhapbe ad mediam superficie sitae, pseudorhaphe angusta.

Bultis obtasis validisque inter striis dorsalibus proiectis sunt, etiam striis

instar spinarum gracilium sed firmarum proiectis.

monodon (Ehr.) Ehr., W & T.

. . u. tropica (Hust.) Hust. in A. S. W & T at Rokupr and

Kaikonki.

pectinalis (O.F.M.) Rabh., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo. Not

common; it has been reported for most Guinea Coast countries.

. . v. cristula Berg, W & T at Kipimp.

. . u. minor (Ktz.) Grun. f. impressa (Ehr.) Hust. in Pascher,

W & T.

. . v. undulata (Ralfs) Grun. in Rabh., W & T at Kaikonki.

polyglyphis Grun. in V. H., W & T.

robusta Ralfs in Pritchard. W & T; it is an unusual diatom

in Africa. In West Africa a record for « French » Guinea is

known.

triodon Ehr., W & T. In Pritchard there is an entry for « Afri¬

ca », otherwise we hâve no other record for the continent.

veneris (Ktz.) De Toni, W & T at Rokupr and Kaikonki. It is

known for most Guinea Coast countries.

EUNOTOGRAMMA

laeve Brun, in Cl. & Môller. LF.

FRUSTULIA

interposita (Lewis) De Toni, W & T at Rokupr. Lewis’s type

specimen came from Sierra Leone.

Lewisiana (Grev.) De Toni, LF : W & T.

rhomboïdes (Ehr.) De Toni, W & T, frequent in many of the

Rokupr collections, also at Kipimp and Mambolo. It is frequent

in Guinea Coast countries.

. . v. Huberi Meister in Hub.-Pest., W & T at Rokupr (2291,

site 9, and 2290, site 8, in June 1953, pH 3.2-6.6), broader

than usual, 52-54 g. long, 7-9 g. wide.

saxonica Rabh. 1852 Pfitz. in Hanstein, W & T, abundant in

most collections from Kipimp, Mambolo and Rokupr.

. . v. capitata A. Mayer, W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo,

Source : MNHN, Paris

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

129

somethnes in quanüty. This seems to be the flrst record for

African countries.

f. undulata (Hust. in Pascher) A.-Cl.-Euler, W & T. In

Africa it seems to be recorded only for the Guinea Coast

countries.

suspecta (Freng.) comb. nov. nobis v. obtusa (Freng.) comb. nov.

nobis (required for Vanheurckia suspecta Freng., 1034 and its

varietg ubtusa Freng. 1034 respectively) ; W & T at Rokupr

(2292, July 1953), shorter than hitherto recorded, 32.2 g long,

11,5 ^ wide, otherwise the same. This seems to be the flrst Afrî-

can record.

viilyaris (Thwaites) De Toni, W & T, frequent at times at

Rokupr, also found at Mambolo.

marinum (W. Sm.) H. Perag. in Perag. & Perag. W & T. LF.

A discussion of the nomenclature appeared in Hustedt (1954)

as a conséquence of which its identity with Smithiella marina

(W. Sm.) H. Perag. & M. Perag. makes the entry under the

latter name in our Check List unnecessary. Leuduger-Fort-

morel refers to the species as E. debilis.

Weissei Ehr., W & T.

FRAGILARIA

construens (Ehr.) Grun., W & T.

leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. in Rabh. v. stauroneiformis var. nova

nobis, Rokupr (sample 2280). None of A. Cleve-Euler s dra-

wings for the species show an interruption of striation in the

inflated part which is a striking character of the new variety,

15.8 {jl long, 6.5 n wide, striae 10 in 10 il. Fig. 23.

Striis trnnsapicalibus 10 in 10 n ad inflationem distincte interruptis,

15.8 n long., 6.5 lat.

pinnata Ehr., W & T.

rumpens (Ktz.) Carlson, W & T.

. . v. fragilariodes (Grun. in V. H.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T at

Kipimp.

GOMPHOCYMBELLA

sierra-leonensis sp. nova nobis, Kipimp (sample 2335, Nov. 1953).

Generally cymbelloid about the longitudinal axis but the one

valve is slightly more convex than the other making the lower

pôle more slender than the upper pôle : both pôles are rostrate,

32.6 {jl long, 12.1 p. wide. Axial area central and straight, narrow,

without any broadening into a central area. Striae almost pa-

rallel throughout.

130

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

Valois cymbelloidis polis rostratis,

ciliore ; murgine uno quam alteriore

Area axiali recta et centrali, angusta

lata; striis fere parallelis.

polo irtferiore quam superiore gra-

convexiori 32.6 u long.. 12.1 u lut.

circum nodulum centralem non di~

This new species can be compared with Zanon (Kivu, pi. 1.

bg. 35) where the slight asymmetry of G. Beccarii Grun at a

casual glance gives the impression of a poor drawing of a

symmetrical alga. Our plant differs in the parallel strong striae.

GOMPHONEMA

lanceolatum Ehr., \V & T.

olivaceam (Lyngb.) Ktz., u. balticum Cleve f. dubium A. Mayer.

\\ & r at Rokupr, July 1953; length 23 jx, breadth 6.5 y., the

striae 1/ in 10 fx, the tvvo médian on each side much shorter

than.the rest * vertical to the médian line and distant from the

remaimng striae which are strongly radial, almost vertical at

the pôles. The central area is hour-glass shaped by reason of

these striation variations. No African records exist for tliis

form. Fig. 20.

parvulum Ktz., W & T.

GOMPHONITZSCHIA

Ungeri Grun., W & T at Rokupr (site 6, May 1953, pH 6 0)

p7“^0 43 , 4 “ '° ng - 4 ' 4 - 5 “ Wide at the “P PO- -rinat

GRAMMATOPHORA

tnacilenta W. Sm„ LF : SS records it for

marina (Lyngb.) Ktz., LF : SS records it

maxima Grun., LF.

Sénégal,

for Sénégal.

GYROSIGMA

attenuatum (Ktz.) Rabh., W & T at Rokupr, Kaikonki and

Kipimp, frequent in the last two localities

ba!tlmm (Ehr ) Rabh ■' LF: SS records for Portuguese Guinea

• • v. maximum (Grun.) W & T, LF.

■ ' L min l aS f P,eurosi B ma ; LF: we are still unable to trace

tne authority.

euI e r(Eb:.) d Rab h b r ^ ° f * Si ™

^oonHxLT, Sm ' ) Griff ' & H “ f - W * T: a Came-

fasciola (Ehr.) Cl., W & T, not uncommon at Rokupr

rectum (Donk.) Cl„ W & T at Mambolo, not uncommon.

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

131

scalprioides (Rabh.) Cl., W & T, not rare at Rokupr and Mam-

bolo. LF recorded it for Dakar, and P. T. Cleve gave it for

Cameroons.

HANTZSCHIA

amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T; occurs in most

Guinea Coast countries.

HEMIAULUS

longispinosus sp. nova nobis, Rokupr (2346, site 4) dillers from

other species in having a strong firm, though slender, spine

arising midway between the two arms and equal to them in

lenght (ca. 30 jji). The arms finely granulate but not spinose at

the tips, the body delicately punctate in close oblique rows.

Fig. 13.

Iri other species when spines are présent between the arms

they are extremely short, and usually more than one. Leudu-

ger-Fortmorel présents a whole page of illustrations of West

African specimens, none of which compare our plant.

Spina firma melius inter brachia, aequilonga brachia circa 30 n. Brachia

granulatis delicatis sed non ad apices spinosis. Cellulis in seriebus densis

obliquis punctatis delicatis.

HEMIDISCUS

cuneiformis Wall. v. gibba (Bail, ex Ralfs in Pritchard) Hust. in

Rabh. (= Euodia gibba). Quite frequent at Kipimp and Kai-

konki.

Weissflogii (Grun. in V. H.) Hustedt (including Euodia Rata-

boulii) LF; W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo, often présent

though seldom in great quantity. We hâve a pH note of 6.0 for

it at Rokupr.

HYALODISCUS

stelliger Bail., LF as Podosira maculata. SS gives for Portu-

guese Guinea.

subtilis Bail., W & T.

1STHMIA

enervis Ehr., LF.

MASTOGLOIA

apiculaia W. Sm., LF.

erythraea Grun., LF.

132

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

Jelineckii (Grun.) Grun. y. marina (Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh ) Cl

LF. ’’

Smithii Thw. ex W. Sm„ LF : SS gives for Sénégal

splendida (Greg.) Cl., LF.

MELOSIRA

arenaria Moore, LF. as M. hispida.

distans (Ehr.) Ktz., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo, with status

a at Rokupr. A mount prepared in arsenic selenide showed the

teeth to be obtusely rounded.

granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF : W & T (status a

and y) Fréquent in the Guinea Coast countries.

hormoides Mont., W & T.

italica (Ehr.) Ktz., W & T at Kaikonki and Kipimp

Monlagnei (Etz.l Lagerst., W & T : SS found it in Sénégal

nummuloides (Dillw.) Ag„ W & T : SS found it in Sénégal'

varions Ag., W & T.

MICROSPORA

Loefgrenii (Nordst. in Wittr. & Nordst.) Lagerh., in one polder at

Rokupr.

MOUGEOTIA filaments also occur in some of the Rokupr polders.

NAVICULA

brasiliensis Grun., LF.

cryptocephala Ktz., W & T at Rokupr and Kipimp

.. u. venela (Ktz.) Rabh., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo

Relatively few records are known for the Guinea Coast

countries.

directa (W. Sm.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF.

distans (W. Sm.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF

ele Z n f W ' Sm - S Z thi ‘ A ■ C1 - Eul ' W * T at Rokupr (sample

2281) measunng 85-87 g long, 22.5-27.5 g wide. The variety is

the type as depicted by W. Smith.

forcipata Grev. y. suborbicularis Grun. in V. H W & T at Ro

kupr (2291, site 9, June 1953 at pH 6.5 to 7.0) measuring 18 g

long, 16 g rv,de, the striae 14 in 10 g, thus conforming with the

description given by P. T. Cleve

gastrum (Ehr.) Ktz., W & T at Mambolo.

. . y. Hambergii (Hust.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T

gracilis Ehr., W & T.

Hennedgi W. Sm. LF : SS records for Sénégal

. • y. manca A. S. LF.

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

133

humerosa Bréb. ex W. Sm., LF; old records exist for West

Africa and SS has recently recorded it for Sénégal.

inflexa (Greg.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF.

kaikonkiensis sp. nova nobis, Kaikonki (2336, Dec. 1953), valves

lanceolate with gently-produced pôles, 18.6 (x long, 6.5 jx wide.

Raphe filiform and straight, the axial area very narrow without

a discernable central area. Striae slightly radial, 18 in 10 jx, the

produced pôles having a distinctive shadow line. Fig. 10.

Valvae lanceolatae apicibus leniter productis, 18.6 n long., 6.5 t* lat.

Raphe recta filiformis, area axiali angustissima circum nodulum centra¬

ient non dilatata. Striis transapicalibus tenuiter radiantibus, 18 in 10 n,

linea opaca ad polos.

kolentiensis sp. nova nobis, Rokupr (2281, March 1953), valves

lanceolate-elliptical with obtusely produced rostrate ends, 52 [x

long, 22.2 (jl wide. Raphe straight, axial area very narrow,

almost obsolète, the central area small and almost circular

about the centre of which there is a welldefined stigma. Striae

14 in 10 (jl, slightly radial in the centre where there are some

short striae among longer curving striae, ail striae distinctly

punctate. Fig. 15.

It has a superficial resemblance with N. exiguiformis Hust.

which is much smaller and has lineolate striae; in the group of

Punctatae the new species is nearest to N. Galickii where there

is no stigma.

Valvae lanceolatae-ellipticae apicibus rostratis et obtuse productis, 52 H

long., 22.2 il lat. Raphe recta, area centrali angustissima fere obsoleta,

area centrali parva et fere rotundata prope mediam puncto valido et soli-

tario. Striis transapicalibus punctatis, lb in 10 ji, in media parte leniter

radiantibus compluribus brevioribus intercalât is.

lyra Ehr., W & T., SS records for Dakar.

peregrina (Ehr.) Ktz. v. kefuingensis (Ehr.) CL, W & T at Ro¬

kupr (2293, July 1953). This variety has recently been found

by Cholnoky in Transvaal.

plicata Ehr., LF.

praetexta Ehr., LF.

pupula Ktz., W & T; it is known for most Guinea Coast

countries.

. . v. mutata (Krasske) Hust. in Pascher, W & T.

pusilla W. Sm., LF. The only recent record for West Africa is

for Nigeria.

pygmaea Ktz., W & T at Rokupr and Kipimp; at Rokupr

(2340, site 8, Dec. 1953 at pH 4.0), measuring only 18 tx long,

10 jx wide, the striae 21 in 10 jx.

134

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

quadriparlita Hust. in A. S., W & T at Rokupr (2292, July 1953),

measuring 19 jx long, 8.5 [x wide. Cholnoky has recently equa-

ted this species with N. Hambergi (.vide N. gastrum u. Ham-

bergii supra).

radiosa Ktz., W & T. There are few records for other Guinea

Coast countries.

. . v. tenella (Bréb. ex Ktz.) V. H., W & T at Rokupr and

Kaikonki. VVe hâve only noted a record for Ivory Coast.

Ruttncri Hust., W & T, Rokupr (2281), measuring 29.5 [x long,

7.5 jx wide, somewhat larger than generally quoted.

seminuloides Hust., W & T, Rokupr (2280, site 1, Mardi 1953

at pH 6.0). A small diatom measuring only 9 [x long, 5 fx wide,

the central area reaching the margins. The type is known from

Tunisia and South Africa. In the var. sumatrensis Hust., known

for the Belgian Congo, the fascia of the central area is bounded

by short striae.

spectabilis Greg., W & T.

. . v. bullata Cl. f. Moelleriana (Jan. in A. S.) Cl., LF.

. . v. emarginata Cl., W & T. The only previous record for

Africa known to us is one by Deby for Sierra Leone.

subhalophila Hust.. W & T at Rokupr (2280, site 1, March 1953

at pH 6.0) measuring 35 jx long, 9 fx wide, slightly longer than

Hustedt gave for the Sumatran specimens. Striae parallel, at

least 30 in 10 (x.

subtilissima Cl., W & T. Few African records exist and they

are from widely-separated countries.

Zosteretii Grun., LF.

species nova nobis, at Rokpr (2291, site 9, June 1953 at pH about

7.0). This is based on a fragment showing a produced rostrate

end, linear with the central part probably parallel sided. We

estimate the full Iength to be about 36 fx, the width is 11 ( x.

Striae radial, 14 in 10 fx, the central striae more distant and

shorter so that a vague central area is left; ail the striae are

punctate. Axial area narrow, the raphe clefts at the pôle

distinct. Fig. 11.

It has some appearance of N. peregrina but a strong puncta-

tion replaces lineolation.

NEIDIUM

amphigomphus (Ehr.) Pfitz. in Hanst., W & T, at times in

quantity.

amphirhynchus (Ehr.) Phtz. in Hanst., W & T.

dilatation (Ehr.) Phtz. in Hanst., W & T. at Rokupr and

Mambolo.

FRESHWATEB ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

135

u. intermedium A. Cl.-Eul.. W & T at Rokupr (2342, site E,

Dec. 1953) with sides parallel in the middle, 53 g long, 22 g

wide- striae almost parallel in the middle.

gracile Hust. f. aequale Hust., W & T at Rokupr (2280, site 1,

March 1953, at pH 6.0). The measurements of these specimens

are 39 g long, 12 p. wide.

Kozlowii Meresch. v. sierra-leonensis var. nova nobis, Rokpur

(2293, July 1953). The ends of the cell are conical, 42 g long

1(1 (i -wide. Raphe slightly oblique from the médian longitudinal

line, the central clefts strongly inclined in opposite directions.

Axial area very narrow. the central area quadrate and small.

Striae markedly oblique and punctate, 18-19 in 10 g. This

variety is nearest to u. moniliforme A. Cl.-Eul. big. 6.

Vahiar 42 » long.. 10 e lot., apicibus conicis. Raphe parum obliqua, ports

centralibus in contrarias directiones recurvatis; area allait angustlssima,

eentrali quadrata et parva. Striis transapicahbus valide nbhquis puncta-

tisQue, 18-19 in 10 n.

NEONEMA

quadratum Pascher, W & T at Rokupr (2340, site 8, Dec. 1953,

at pH 4.2). This is a Geminella- like member of the Xantho-

phyta lacking starch. Cells quadrate, wider than described

before, 16-17 g instead of 9-11 g. lt has been found m Tatra

and Vorarlberg in Europe, also in British Columbia.

NITZSCHIA

acicularis (Ktz.) W. Sm., W & 4.

acuta Hantzsch in Cl. & Grun., W & T. This species has been

frequently referred to with a supposed correction to N. acuta.

In the original diagnosis (Arctic Diatoms, p. 90) it is written

N. acula, and tliere is a N. acuta Cleve described on page 75, a

different diatom originally described from the West Indies. Foi

jur plant (which has also been described for French Soudan)

Hustedt (1954) has correctly pointed the way with A. acula,

and there is a thorough discussion of the usage of the epitbets

by A. Mayer (1946).

antillarum (Cl.) Meister. Lanceolate with long tapcring pôles,

very sharply pointed, 36.5-46.5 g long. 7-8 g wide. Transapical

striae prominent, about 18 in 10 g. Fig. 19.

This diatom has some resemblances to Denticula Dusenil

but its acute pôles are very distinctive. It seems to occur freely

in the Great Scarcies River (Rokupr, 2281, 2288, 2292, 2294,

2295 and 2366 : Mambolo 2352 and Kaikonki 2336), throug-

hout the year, the pH usually about 6.0. Hendey found this

136

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

diatom less common in thc material he studied from Freetown

than elsewhere in West Africa.

Brighlwellii Kitt. ex Pritchard u. pustulata Brun, LF.

calida Grun. in Cl. & Grun., LF.

. . v. salinarum (Grun.) Freng., LF. This should be added to

the Check List, for 6 and 20.

capitellata Hust. in A. S., W & T.

congolensis Hust., W & T at Rokupr (2288, site 6, May 1953, at

pH 6.0) measuring 142 jx long, 6,5 jx wide, the carinal puncta 8

in 10 (i.

constricta (Ktz.) Ralfs in Pritchard, LF., who gave the au-

thority as (Ralfs). He also listed it for the Prince Isles and

St. Thomas Isles in the Gulf of Guinea. A change of epithet is

désirable on the grounds of confusion, for Ralfs derived his

species from Synedra constricta Ktz. 1844, the specimens now

being identified as N. apiculata. In 1862, Grunow transferred

another diatom, Tryblionella constricta Greg. 1855 to Nitzschia

as N. constricta (Greg.) Grun. It seems préférable to place such

Nitzschias based on Ralfs to a new combination, for which

\ve propose Nitzschia Ralfsii nom. nov.

Denticula Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T.

dissipata (Ktz.) Grun., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

distans Greg., W & T at Mambolo.

elliptica Hust., W & T at Rokupr (2293, July 1953), measuring

14 |x long, 6 |x wide; striae 18 in 10 jx. It has been recorded only

for the Belgian Congo.

epithemoides Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T at Mambolo.

filiformis (W. Sm.) Schütt in Engler, W & T.

. . u. ignorata (Krasske in Pascher) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T,,

frequent in polder 10 at Rokupr.

flexa Schumann, W & T.

fonticola Grun. in V. H., W & T.

frustulum (Ktz.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., v. perpusilla (Rabh.)

Grun in V. H., W & T.

granulata Grun. in Cl. & Môller. A diatom we consider here

occured at Rokupr (2291, site 9, June 1953 at pH 6.5-7.0)

measuring 21.3 fx long, 10 fx wide, with 9 rows of puncta in

10 |x. Also at Rokupr (2361, site 5, Dec. 1953 at pH 7.0) measu¬

ring 35 [x long, 12 [x wide with 5 rows of strong puncta in 10 ix

comparing closely with Pantocsek’s illustration of Zotheca

Csaozkaae (1902, fig. 250) which became N. granulata. There

is a resemblance too with N. compressa LF noted similar

plants for Cameroons.

FRESHWATER ALC.AE OF SIERRA LEONE

137

Heufleuriana Grun., LF.

invicta Hust., W & T at Kipimp (2335, Nov. 1953), somewhat

large 43 jx long, 7.5 jx wide, but otherwise agreeing in shape.

lanceolata W. Sm. f. minor V. H. & Grun. in V. H., W & T at

Rokupr (2342, polder E, Dec. 1953) measuring 42 jx long, 5.6 fx

wide, the carinal puncta 7 in 10 |x.

Lorenziana Grun. in Cl. & Grun., v. subtilis Grun. in Cl. & Grun.,

W & T at Rokupr (site 4, May 1953 at pH 6.2), measuring 63 jx

long, 4.0 [x wide, carinal puncta 8 in 10 jx, striation strong 14

in 10 |x. The type has been found by SS in Sénégal and

« French » Guinea.

nauicularis (Bréb. ex Ivtz.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., LF : W & T.

nicobarica (Grun.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun. v. alata (Leud.-Fort.)

Amossé., LF as N. superba Leud.-Fort.

obsiclialis Hust., W & T, at Rokupr (2280, site 1, Mardi 1953

at pH 6.0) a little smaller than published for Edward Nyanza,

50 [x long, 5 jx wide, the carinal puncta 9 in 10 jx.

obtusa W. Sm., W & T at Kaikonki.

. . v. brevissima Grun. in V. H., W & T at Rokupr and

Mambolo; It has been recorded for several Guinea Coast

countries. It includes N. pcirvula Lewis as shown in Pas-

cher, not N. parvula W. Sm.

. . v. maxima Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T at Rokupr (2364,

site 10, F’eb. 1954 at pH 6.0) slightly broader than even

Grunow’s diagnosis, 243 jx long, 14 jx wide, carinal puncta

6 in 10 [x.

. . v. scapelliformis Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T, quite

common at Rokupr, also found at Mambolo and Kaikonki.

palea (Ktz.) W. Sm., W & T in most of the Rokupr samples,

where frequent at times. Also occurs at Mambolo.

panduriformis Greg., LF : W & T at Rokupr, Kaikonki and

Kipimp.

. . v. minor Grun. in Cl, & Grun., W & T.

pseudosigma Hust., W & T at Rokupr (2288, site 6, May 1953

pH 6.1) measuring 58 jx long, 4,7 jx wide. The first African

record, for the plant described for Java.

punctata (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T.

Ralfsii nom. nov. nobis, see N. constricta above.

recta Hantzsch in Rabh., W & T.

reversa W. Sm., W & T at Rokupr (2290, site 8, June 1953 at

pH 3.3 to 3.6). Smaller than the figures published, 49-56 jx

long, 4.2-4.7 \l wide, the carinal puncta 12 in 10 jx.

scalaris (Ehr. ex p.) \V. Sm., W & T.

138

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

sierra-leonensis nom. nov. nobis, LF as N. africana sibi (p. 15,

pl. III, f. 5), an invalid name in view of N. af ricana Cl. &

Môller 1856.

sigma (Ktz.) W. Sm., LF : W & T.

. . v. sigmatella Grun. in V. H., W & T, at times abundant.

spectabilis (Ehr.) Ralfs in Pritchard, W & T.

stagnorum Rabh., W & T, abundant in polder 7.

sublinearis Hust. in A. S., W & T. Cholnoky recently found

this in Transvaal.

subtilis (Ktz.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T; it has been recor-

ded for French Soudan.

tropica Hust., W & T (Rokupr, 2366, site 1); there are as yet,

few African records.

Tryblionella Hantzsch in Rabh., LF : W & T at Rokupr,

Mambolo and Kaikonki.

. . v. crassa (Pant.) A. CI.-Eul., W & T at Rokpur (2358,

site 6, Dec. 1953 at pH 4.3), smaller than sizes published,

17 ja long, 8.5 ja wide, and not as apiculate as v. debilis. Ribs

8 in 10 ja.

. . v. debilis (Arn.) A. Mayer auct., W & T at Kaikonki (2336,

Dec. 1953), measuring 16.5 jx long, 8 ja wide.

. . v. leuidensis (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T. at

Rokupr and Kipimp.

. . v. victoriae (Grun.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T at Ro¬

kupr and Mambolo.

This species and its varieties are fairly common at Rokupr.

kaikonkiensis sp. nova nobis, first seen entire in a collection from

the edge of a rice-bearing swamp at Kaikonki (2336, Dec. 1953).

Also a long fragment at Rokupr (polder 9, Dec. 1953).

Lineares, the frustule linear, with straight parallel sides,

suddenly tapered acutely at the pôles into a short but well-

defîned apiculus, 87 ja long, 5 ja wide. Raphe filiform, the carinal

puncta 12-13 in 10 ja, uninterrupted, striae délicate, about 40 in

10 ja, at least 3 in relation to each punctum. This diatom has no

close afifinities in the genus. Fig. 12, 16.

Frustula lineari marginibus redis parallelisque, ad apices in apiculn

curto sed distinele attenuata, 87 long., 5 u lat. Raphe filiformis, punctis

carinalibus 12-13 in 10 in medio non interruptis; »triis delicatissimus,

circa iO in 10 4.

OEDOGONIUM

Stérile filaments occur at Rokupr.

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

139

OPEPHORA

marina (Grun. in V. H.) Hust. in Rabh., LF.

Martyi Hérib., W & T at Rokupr (2293, July 1953) measuring

22 jx long, 7 [x wide, with 6 striae in 10 jx. We hâve not seen other

records for Africa.

pacifica (Grun.) Petit, LF.

Schwartzii (Grun. in V. H.) Petit in Pell., LF.

OSCILLATORIA

Cortiana (Poil.) Gom., W & T, abundant in polder E at Rokupr.

The only other African record is for Tanganyika.

limosa [(Roth) Ag.] Gom., W & T, abundant in the same polder.

PARALIA

sulcata (Ehr.) Cl., LF : W & T. one of the more prominent

diatoms, nearly ahvays présent in great quantity at Rokupr

and also occuring at Kaikonki and Kipimp. SS records for the

Guinea Coast countries.

PINNULARIA

biceps Greg., W & T, not uncommon at Rokupr and Mambolo.

borealis Ehr., LF. We hâve seen it elsewhere in Sierra Leone.

Brebissonii (Ktz.) Rabh., W & T.

gibba Ehr. W & T.

The nomenclature of this well-known diatom is wrapped in

confusion; Boyer and others hâve pointed out the labyrinth

into which any searcher for the history of this plant will

wander. For those of us who desire to refer geographically or

ecologically to a common plant the confusion is lamentable,

even discreditable to the réputation of taxonomy. Diatomists

generally agréé what is meant by Pinnularia gibba, but as

several diatoms seem to hâve been illustrated on the earlier

plates, and described in standard texts (Ehrenberg, Kützïng,

W. Smith, etc.) it is well-nigh impossible to pin down who

actually described first the Pinnularia gibba of our modem

scholarship. Boyer chose to accept the illustrations in Van

Heurck’s Synopsis, wherc they appeared under the guise of

Navicula gibba (Ktz.) V. H.; he said these exactly corresponded

with the American specimens he examined. The transfer to

Pinnularia (under these conditions) was Boyer’s own, but we

feel that he would hâve saved many perplexities if he had

created an enlirely new name. Alternatively he could hâve

resuscitated Pinnularia stauroplera which cannot be separated

Source ■: MNHN, Paris

140

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

from the idea of P. gibba (Grun.) Rabh., 1864, though it i s

admitted this would hâve started off another line of confusion.

A. Cleve-Euler, indeed, has used P. stauroplera for the gene¬

ral concept of P. gibba, but unfortunately also retained Pin-

nularia gibba for a different diatom pictured by Wm. Smith!

This has slender valves with narrow axial areas and is shown

on his plate XIX, fig. 180, with which A. Cleve-Euler’s figures

1092, a and b are equated. We hâve recommended this plant

of Smith should be called P. Smithii W & T, which will clear

aw T ay its share in the confusion.

Undoubtedly « Pinnularia gibba » will continue to be a

source of error and confusion and thercfore under Articles 611

and 65 it should be entirely rejected and a new epithet chosen.

We suggest it should be based on Boyer's Diatoms of Phila¬

delphia (plate 30, fig. 5) and A. Cleve-Euler fig, 1091 a. We

also suggest that Pinnularia Van Heurckii should be used in

this sense.

lepiosoma (Grun. in V. H.) Cl., W & T.

major (Ktz.) W. Sm., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

mesolepta (Ehr.) W & T.

• • /• angusia (Cl.) Hust. in Pascher, W & T.

microstauron (Ehr.) Cl., W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

nobilis Ehr., LF. We hâve found it elsewhere in Sierra Leone.

parva (Ehr.) Greg., W & T.

subcapitata Greg., W & T.

. . v. Hilseana (Jan. in Hilse) A. CI.-Eul., W & T.

sudetica Hilse, W & T.

niridis (Nitzsch) W. Sm.. W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

PLAGIOGRAMMA

atomum Grev., LF.

polymorphum Cl., LF.

Pygmaeum Grev., W & T, measuring 24 (x long.

rokupriense sp. nova nobis, at Rokupr (2291, polder 9, June 1953

at pH 6.5-7.0). The large capitate ends are without ornament,

and there is also a wide transverse band devoid of ornament

across the central inflation. Two abstrictions on each side this

nnddle portion, one close to it and the other near the end.

There is a graduai tapering of the sides front the middle to this

apical constriction. Length 28 ,u., breadth 4 g. Rows of beads 8

in 10 g, the beads prominent. Fig. 14.

Apicibus magnis capitatisque sine deeoribus: marginibus valvae ad eons-

tnctionem lemter attenuatis, etiam medio utrobique constrictis. Meiio

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

141

valvae fascia nuda et transoersa et lata. 28 n long., k u lat. Seriebus marga-

ritarum o’alidarum 8 in 10 n.

staurophorum (Greg.) Heib., LF as P. Gregorianum Grev.

PLEURODESMIUM

africanum Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

PLEUROSIGMA

angulatum (Queck.) W. Sm„ W & T at Kaikonki and Kipimp;

vie hâve not seen any other records for Africa.

australe Grun., W & T at Rokupr (2290, site 8, June 1953 at

pH 3.5), of small size, 77.5 |i long, 11 jj. wide, the central stria¬

tion délicate, about 22 in 10 |t. We hâve no further records for

Africa.

delicatulum W. Sm., LF.

formosum W. Sm., LF; W & T.

nubecula W. Sm., LF.

rigidum W. Sm., LF.

strigosum W. Sm. v. latum (Cl. in Cl. & Grun.) A. Cl.-EuL, LF.

Stuxbergii Cl. & Grun., v. rhomboïdes (Cl. in Cl. & Grun.) Cl.,

LF as P. rhomboides.

RHABDONEMA

adriaticum Ktz., LF.

arcuatum (Lyngb.) Ktz., LF. There is no doubt that the epithet

■was first used by Lyngbye, not Agardh.

miniitum Ktz., LF.

RHAPHONEIS

amphiceros (Ehr.) Ehr., LF ; W & T.

RHOICOSPHENIA

marina (Ktz.) M. Schmidt in A. S. 1899, LF. This is the correct

citation, originating from Gomphonema curvatum y marinum

Ktz., 1844 vvhich W. Smith elevated to Gomphonema marinum

(Ktz.) W. Sm. 1853, never claiming its authorship for himself.

RHOPALODIA

gibba (Ehr.) O. Müll., v. ventricosa (Ktz.) V. H., W & T at

Kaikonki.

gibberula (Ehr.) O. Müll., W & T, occasional.

. . u. producta (Grun.) O. Müll., W & T.

. . v. rupestris (W. Sm.) O. Müll., W & T at Kipimp.

Source ; MNHN, Paris

142

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

musculus (Ktz.) O. Müll.. W & T in most of the Rokupr sam-

ples, aiso found at Mainbolo. Cholnoky does not think it to be

halophilous.

SCEPTRONEIS

australis (Petit) Grun. in V. H. LF.

auslralis (Petit) Grun. in V. H. u. rokuprensis var. nov. nobis

Rokupr (2292, July 1953), both pôles roundcd, the top one

somewhat subcapitate, the sides tumid. 22 g long, 5.5 g widc

the striae 8-9 in 10 g, punctate. Fig. 29.

Jh^.n^ US J Umi , diS - a ?T bu ? -trjsaue rotundath, apice superiori f en

U) b p ï t t! ‘ 22 ** On0 ' 1 5,5 “ laL Str,,s transapicalibus punctatis 8-9 in

caduceus Ehr., W & T at Kaikonki.

SCHUETTIA

anrmlata (Wall.) De Toni, W & T at Rokupr and Kipiinp at

the former (2340, site 8, Dec. 1953 at pH 4.3) a form with'the

sides less concave, each side 42 p long. Fig. 28. We hâve not

seen other African localities for this beautiful rare diatom.

SCOLIOPLEURA

tumida (Bréb. ex Ktz.) Rabh., LF.

SIROGONIUM

Filaments occur at Rokupr: they are ali stérile.

SPIROGYRA

Stérile filaments are abundant in several Rokupr polders (1 E

and F.). ’ ’

SPIRODISCUS

flexuosa (Ehr.) comb. nov. nobis, W & T. Jurilj has indicated

the desirability of placing SurireUa spimlis in this genus, and

ns transfer was published as Spirodiscus spimlis (Ktz.)

J unI j 1.149. Pantocsek and others hâve deemed SurireUa spi-

™ “ , 1844 t0 be synonymous whit SurireUa flexuosa Ehr

1843, vvh.ch as the earlier epithet should hâve priority. Jurilj

miself had stated that S. flexuosa and S. spiralis are syno-

nyms. lhere are no other African records for this distinctive

STAURONEIS

anceps Ehr.. W & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

■ • v. gracilis (Ehr.) Brun, W & T.

FRESH WATER ALGAE CF SIERRA LEONE

143

Both of these hâve been seen for « French » Guinea.

crucicula (Grun. in Cl.) Boyer, W & T at Rokupr and Kaikonki.

When Boyer placed Grunow’s Schizostauron crucicula in the

gémis Stauroneis he was aware that there was already Stau-

roneis crucicula W. Sm., 1853, which had become Navicula

crucicula (W. Sm.) Donkin. Hence two different plants compete

for the same name, but Boyer preferred to retain Grunow’s

epithet in « apparent violation of the rule of priority ». This

was indeed a dangerous expédient, confusing the identities of

the two plants, a matter that has been detected in some lists of

algae. It is better to give Schizostauron crucicula Grun. in

Cleve 1881 a new epithet in the genus Stauroneis, and we pro¬

pose Stauroneis merrimacensis comb. nov. nobis, derived from

the type locality of the diatom (L. Merrimac, vide Boyer, 1926-

27, p. 426). In Boyer’s Diatoms of Philadelphia it was named

in error S. crucicula (Grun.) Cl.

groenlandica Ostr., 1895, W & T at Rokupr (2290, polder 8,

June 1953 at pH 3-3.5) slightly narrower and shorter than the

v. genuina given by A. Cleve-Euler, 23 |x long, 4.6 jx wide;

striation very délicate, more than 30 in 10 y., leaving a distinct

fascia across the middle. The first African record.

merrimacensis W & T (supra) v. intermedia var. nov. nobis,

(Rokupr, 2271, 2280 and 2345, sites 1, 10 and 12, Mardi and

Dec. 1953, the pH range 6.0 to 7.0). In addition to the material

falling under v. merrimacensis occur diatoms with intermediate

characters between f. gracilior and v. obtusa as placed under

S. crucicula, viz.. Ends evenly rounded not rostrate, 20-28 ix

long, 5.5-8.0 (x wide. The striae bounding the transverse central

area distinct and arranged in a « saltire », thick and shining.

The same diatom occurs at Mambolo (2352). Fig. 27.

Valois 20-28 v- long., 5 . 5 -8.0 » lal., apicibus aequaliter rotundatis non

rostratis. Striis crassis et refringenlibus ad nodulum centraient in forma

crucis Sancti Andrei ordinant.

The synonymy thus required for S. merrimacensis is :

v. merrimacensis nom. nov. for Grunwo’s plants.

f. obtusa (O. Müll.) comb. nov. nobis for Stauroneis crucicula

f. obtusa O. Müll., 1910.

f. gracilior (O. Müll.) comb. nov. nobis for Stauroneis crucicula

f. gracilior O. Müll., 1910.

v. intermedia W & T supra.

paruula Grun. in Cl. & Moll., W & T.

STENOPTEROBIA

intermedia (Lewis) V. H., W & T.

Source : MNHN, Paris

144

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

STEPHANODISCUS

astraea (Ehr.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T.

. . v. minutula (Ktz.) Grun. in V. H., W & T at Kipimp.

These diatoins are known throughout A.O.F.

dubius (Fricke in A. S.) Hust. in Rabh., W & T. There does not

seem to be a previous African record.

. . v. radiosus A. Cl.-Eul., W & T at Rokupr (2293, July 1953)

the diameter 14-15 u.. Not known for Africa.

STEPHANOPYXIS

superba (Grev.) Grun., W & T at Rokupr and Kipimp. There

are no other African records.

STRIATELLA

interrupta (Ehr.) Grun., LF.

unipunctata (Lyngb.) Ag„ LF : W & T : SS records it for

Dakar.

SURIRELLA

asperrima Hust. in Hub.-Pest. v. asperrima nom. nov. at Rokupr.

.. f. rokuprensis Forma nova nobis at Rokupr (2361, site 5,

Dec. 1953, and 2366, site 1, Jan. 1954, the pH 6.8 to 7.0).

Smoothly oval with rounded pôles, 21-33 n long, 14-18 fi

wide. Short firm thorns on the wave crests about one-third

of the way from the edge of the central area to the Windows.

Ribs 20 in 100 ji, short striae on the outer part of the central

area. Fig. 4.

Few, if any other, species of Surirella hâve thorns on the

central field. There are no African records for S. asperrima,

which was originally described for Southern Siberia.

bifrons (Ehr.) Ehr., W * T, at times at Rokupr.

.. v. tumida O. Miill. f. minor O. Miill., W & T at Rokupr

(2342, polder E, Dec.) measuring 35 (i long, 14 jx wide, with

35 ribs in 100 |x. This is S. biseriata v. diminuta A. Cl.-Eul.

elegans Ehr., W & T.

Engleri O. Miill., W & T, somewhat common at Rokupr.

.. v. constricta O. Miill., W & T at Mambolo.

. . v. constricta f. minor I. nova nobis at Rokupr (2342, polder

E, Dec. 1953), has the proportions of length to breadth 7 :

1, i.e. 100 g long, 14 jx wide, thus about half the size of the

variety.

Paene duplo minoribus qunm varietatem Engleri, 100 n lona H i»

lat., ratione 7/1. '

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

145

fastuosa Ehr., LF.

gemma (Ehr.) Ktz. W & T at times frequent. SS gives it for

Sénégal.

helvetica Brun. W & T.

linearis AV. Sm. W & T at Rokupr, Mambolo and Kaikonki.

. . v. constricta (Ehr.) Grun., W & T.

Few people hâve given synonyms for this widespread

diatom. Mills stated that S. linearis AV. Sm., 1853 and S. tenella

Ktz., 1849 are synonymous, a view which is also stated by

Zanon (1938) ; v. Schônfeldt in Pascher had made the second

as a variety of the first, an indication of the relationship. AU

this points to a strong suggestion that under Article 57 of the

International Code S. tenella should be used as being the

earlier epithet. In that case S. linearis becomes a synonym;

S. linearis v. constricta will become S. tenella v. constricta

(Ehr.) eoinb. nov.

oualis Bréb., AV & T.

ouata Ktz., W & T.

u. pinnata (AV. Sm.) Hust. in Pascher, W & T at Rokupr

and at Kaikonki; Cholnoky recorded it recently for Africa

(Transvaal).

. . v. pinnata f. panduriformis (W. Sm.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T

at Rokupr and Kaikonki. There are no previous African

records.

. . v. salina (W. Sm.) Rabh., W & T, at times abundant.

recedens A. S., AV & T; there are no previous African records.

robusta Ehr., W & T, abundant in some of the Rokupr polders;

it has been recorded recently by SS for Sénégal.

. . u. splendida (Ehr.) V. H., AV & T at Rokupr (frequent at

times), Kaikonki and Kipimp.

rokuprensis sp. nova nobis, Rokupr (2342 and 2345, polders E

and 10, Dec. 1953, at pH 6.0). Isopolar, elongate cylindrical

with the sides slightly convex, the pôles widely rounded, 22.5-

28 (j. long, 7-9 jx wide. Costae délicate, ocellatc at their free

edges, 8-10 in 10 n, and reaching almost to the middle line

where only a faint and linear pseudoraphe is left. Striae very

délicate. Fig. 5.

Apicibus aequalibus, frustulis elongatis cylindraceis lateribus Imiter

conuexis, polis late rotumlatis, 22.5-28 n long., 7-9 (i lat. Costis delicatis

ocellatis ad exteriorem, fere ad mediam attingent, 8-10 in 10 n. Pseudo¬

raphe lineari et tenui. striis delicatissimis.

ru dis Hust. in A. S. AVe hâve seen several plants which seem to

fall herc. At Rokupr (2280, site 1, March 1953), a little smaller

146

N. W00DHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

than Hustedt’s measurements, viz. 54 t tx long, 22 jx wide,

otherwise as in his description. This occurred at pH 6.0. Fig. 8.

rudis u. sierra-leonensis var. nova nobis, at Mambolo (2852) 46.2-

53 (x long, 19 [x wide near the upper pôle; costae 30 in 100 [x,

narrower than the valleys in between, the ribs (canals) wide-

ning outwards. Fig. 9.

• F Jnn tUhS Ion °■’ 19 ,l lalpr °P e opicem superiorem; costis 30

m 1 UU n, angustionbus quant valles, ad exteriores latioribus.

rudis u. sierra-leonensis f. constricla f. nova nobis, at Rokupr

(2344 and 2358, sites 2 and 6, Dec. 1953, both at pH 7.0), 45-59 „.

long, 23-24 g wide, near the upper pote, with a constriction

along the sides, only 21 j* wide Costae (wing canals), 25-30 in

100 p. these widening outwards and becoming finely punctate

Fig. 7.

F'-usIulis 45-59 a long.. 23-24 a lot., prope apicem superiorem, margi-

mbus /entier concams solum 21 a lal. Costis ad exteriores latioribus, déli¬

cate punctatis, 25-30 in 100 a.

Ail these variants of S. rudis are much smaller than pre-

viously recorded.

tenera Greg. W & T.

SYNEDRA

acus Ktz., VV & T.

parasiiica (W. Sm.) Hust. in Pascheb, LF.

tabulata (Ag.) Ktz., W & T.

ulna (Nitzsch) Ehr., W & T.

TABELLARIA

fenestraia (Lyngb.) Ktz., W & T.

floccosa (Roth) Ktz., VV & T at Rokupr and Mambolo.

TERPSINOE

americana (Bail.) Rails in Pritchard, LF : W & T SS has

now recorded it for the Ivory Coast.

musica Ehr., LF. This, too, is recorded by SS for Ivory Coast

.. v. intermedia (Grun.) Hust. in Rabh., LF. The type loca-

lity of Grunow’s plant was Sierra Leone. Also among SS’s

plants for Ivory Coast.

THALASSIOTHRIX

° f o“éT a rrl'-' "° va n0bis ’ Roku P r (site 8, June 1953 at pH 3.0 to

3.5) Th,s shows slight heteropolarity, one end being slightly

capitate with a single apiculus visible, the other end truncate

FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

147

with two visible apiculi, 172.5 g., 4.6 [j. wide. Striae 14 in 10 il.

Fig. 1. Therc is a possible comparison with T. Frauenfeldn.

Apicibus leniter inaequalibus,

alteri truncato cum duo apiculis,

polo uno subcapitato cum apiculo, polo

172.5 u long., b.6 n lat., striis 1'* in 10

Fraaenfeldii (Grun.) Grun. in Cl. & Grun., W & T : SS has

recorded it for Sénégal and Portuguese Guinea.

nitzschioides Grun. in V. H. LF : SS has recorded it for Séné¬

gal and Portuguese Guinea.

TRACHYNEIS

aspera (Ehr.) Cl., LF : SS records it for Sénégal and Portu¬

guese Guinea. We hâve found it elsewhere in Sierra Leone.

ii parallela var. nova Mollis, at Kaikonki (2336), a small

variety, 53 n long, 11 v- wide, broadly linear, the middle

part with parallel sides, the ends rounded cuneate. Striae

9-11 in 10 |l.

LF.

ur .

SS has records for Sénégal and Portu-

TRICERATIUM

affine Grun. in V. H.

alternons Bail., LF.

guese Guinea.

antediluvianum (Ehr.) Grun., LF.

contortum Shadb., LF. SS recorded it for Portuguese Guinea.

cruciferum A. S., LF.

cuspidatum Jan. in A. S., LF.

dubium Brightw., LF (including T. bicorne Cl.) SS has recor¬

ded it for Sénégal.

favus Ehr., LF : W & T often présent at Rokupr, also found

at Kaikonki and Kipimp.

f. parvum f. nova nobis at Rokupr (2289, site 4, May 1953

at pH 6.5) with the sides only 43.5 h- long- i e - about half

the standard size.

Paen'e duplo minoribus, marg i

nibus US.5 ^ longis.

LF. SS recorded it for

. . f. quadratum Grun. in A. S.,

Sénégal.

inconspicuum Grev., LF.

,mina nef olium Leud.-Fort., LF, the type locality.

réticulum Ehr., LF (as T. sculptum Shadb.); SS records it

for Ivory Coast. „ ,

f. trigona-minutum (V. H.) A. Cl.-Eul., W & T at Rokupr

(site 9, Dec. 1953 at pH 7.0) of triangular shape, only 24

long, smaller than previous dimensions.

148

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

scitulum Brightw., LF : SS records for Portuguese Guinea.

. . v. quadratum Brightw., LF.

fROPIDONEIS

lepidoptera (Greg.) CI., v. proboscidea (CI.) CI., W & T abun-

dant in several Rokupr sites.

VAUCHERIA

Stérile filaments hâve been found at Rokupr.

ZYGNEMA

Stérile filaments occur abundantly at Rokupr.

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FRESHWATER ALGAE OF SIERRA LEONE

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' wasser-Flora , lst. Edit., Heft 10. Jena, 1913.

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and J. S. Pinto. — Estudo do cielo sazonal do plankton marinno

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Woodhead N. and B. D. Tweed. — A Considération of Frcshwater Algae

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_ A Check-List of tropical West African algae (Fresh-and Brackish-

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(Microfilm), 1956. _

Zanon D. V. Diatomee délia Regione dcl Kivu (Congo Belga). — Comm.

Pont. Accad. Scient., anno //. Vol. II, n. 14. 1938.

_ Diatomee dell’Africa Occidentale Francere. — Comm. Pont. Accad.

Scient., anno V, Vol. V, n. 1, 1941.

150

N. WOODHEAD AND R. D. TWEED

FIGURES OF PLATES

1. Thalassiothrix africana sp. n.

2. Coscinodiscus radiatus forma.

3. Achnanthes Jacksonii sp. n., and (a) rapheless, (h) raphe valve.

4. Surirella asperrima forma rokuprensis f. nov.

5. Surirella rokuprensis sp. n.

6. Neidium Kozlowii v. sierra-leonensis var. n.

7. Surirella rudis v. sierra-leonensis f. constricta f. nov.

8. Surirella rudis.

9. Surirella rudis v. sierra-leonensis v. nov. valve and girdle.

10. Navicula kaikoniensis sp. n.

11. Navicula sp. fragment.

12. Nitzschia kaikoniensis sp. n.

13. Ilemiaulus longispinosus sp. n.

14. Plagiogramma rokupriense sp. n.

15. Navicula kolentiensis sp. n.

16. Nitzschia kaikoniensis sp. n.

17. Campylosira cymbelliformis v. producta var. n.

18. Amphora bigibba Grun. in A. S.

19. Nitzschia antillarum.

20. Gomphonema olivaceum v. balticum f. dubium A. Mayer.

21. Cymbella punctata sp. n.

22. Achnanthes pusilla sp. n. raphe and rapheless valves.

23. Fragi/aria leptostauron v. stauroneiformis var. n.

24. hunotia margaritata sp. n. and detail of dorsal margin.

25. Euglena mutabilis forma.

26. Trachyneis aspera v. parallela var. n.

27. Stauroneis merrimacensis v. intermedia var. nov.

28. Schuettia annulata.

29. Sceptroneis australis var. rokupriensis var. nov.

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N lle Sér.. T. V: PI. 14

Fresh water algae of Sierra Leone. PI. I.

revue algologique

N» e Sér . T. V; PI. 15

Fresh water algae of Sierra Leone. PI. IL

NOTULES ALGOLOGIQUES

Cette rubrique réunit de courtes notes sans illustrations ni références biblio¬

graphiques. Elle permettra aux auteurs de publier des observations nouvelles

ne se prêtant pas à un long développement, notamment celles concernant l'éco¬

logie ou la biogéographic des Algues, ou de prendre date avant la parution d’un

travail plus complet.

Sur une algue marine trouvée

dans un gisement précolombien au Pérou.

Il y a quelques mois, M. J. Leroy, sous-directeur du Laboratoire

d’Agronomie tropicale du Muséum, m’a transmis trois échantillons

végétaux recueillis en 1950, au Pérou, par M. et M mc H. Rkichlen

au cours de l’étude d’un gisement de débris précolombiens (basu-

rales) dans la baie de Paracas à environ 300 km. au Sud de Lima.

Ces échantillons datent de la dernière période de la civilisation ica

(période Ica-inka). La civilisation ica est celle qui a précédé dans

cette région la civilisation inka et le gisement remonte environ au

xiv c siècle de l’ère chrétienne.

Un des trois échantillons est constitué de feuilles de Monocoty-

lédone appartenant peut-être à la famille des Marantacées ou des

Zingibéracées. Les deux autres échantillons sont des algues marines

desséchées et décolorées. Placés dans l’eau, ces échantillons se

regonflent assez rapidement pour reprendre l’aspect qu’ils avaient

à l’état frais, sauf certaines portions, sans doute déjà altérées lors

de leur dessication, qui se résolvent en mucilage.

L’étude anatomique des échantillons regonflés montre que la

structure est parfaitement conservée ainsi que les organes repro¬

ducteurs (cystocarpes). Il s’agit en effet d’une Rhodophycée de

l’ordre des Gigartinales : Gigarlina Chauuinii (Bory) J. Ag. Cette

algue, primitivement décrite par Bory de St Vincent (Histoire des

Hydrophytes ou plantes agames des eaux récoltées par MM. d’UR-

ville et Lesson, dans leur voyage autour du inonde sur la corvette

de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, Paris, 1829, p. 165, pl. 20) sous le nom

de Sphaerococcus Chauuinii Bory, est connue depuis le Cap Horn et

la Terre de Feu jusqu’au Nord du Pérou (à Payta, 5 01 Lat. S. env.).

C’est une algue d’eau relativement froide, dont la remontée tout le

long de la côte pacifique de l’Amérique du Sud s’explique par l’exis¬

tence du courant de Humboldt.

Pour quelle raison les anciens Indiens récoltaient-ils cette algue?

Il semble bien que ce soit pour des usages alimentaires. En effet,

M. A. Howe, dans son étude des algues récoltées au Pérou par

Source : MNHN, Paris

152

NOTULES ALGOLOGIQUES

R. E. Coker (Marine Algae of Peru. Mem. Torrey Botanical Club,

vol. XV, 1914) signale que le Gigartina Chauvinii est vendu sur les

marchés de Lima sous le nom de « uyos » et est consommé sous

forme de salade, de soupe ou de friture, ajoutant d'ailleurs « not

generally esteemed on the best tables ». Plus récemment, H. Etche-

very (Algas marinas chilenas productoras de Ficocoloides, Rioistn

di Biol, mar., vol. VIII, p. 153-174, Valparaiso, 1958) donne des

indications analogues.

M me Reichlen a bien voulu me confirmer que des algues marines

sont toujours utilisées actuellement au Pérou (sous le nom de

« Kocha Yu-Yo »). Seuls les indigènes les consomment jusque dans

la Cordillière Nord où elles sont transportées fraîches.

Il n’est pas possible de penser que la coutume actuelle ait été

introduite par les conquérants espagnols, puisqu’en Espagne, les

Algues ne sont pas utilisées pour l’alimentation. La présence de

cette algue dans le gisement découvert par M. et M me Reichlen

semble montrer, au contraire, que son emploi actuel est la persis¬

tance d’une coutume précolombienne.

La consommation d’une algue marine par les anciens péruviens

a peut-être pour les Ethnographes un autre intérêt. L’emploi des

algues marines dans l’alimentation humaine est surtout développée

le long des côtes asiatiques du Pacifique (Japon, Chine, Insulinde)

ainsi qu’en Océanie (Hawaï) alors qu’elle semble inconnue ou ex¬

ceptionnelle dans beaucoup d’autres régions du globe. Or on admet

généralement, à la suite des travaux de P. Rivet que le peuplement

humain de l’Amérique du Sud ne s’est pas effectué seulement par

voie terrestre à travers le détroit de Behring et l’Amérique du Nord

mais aussi par voie maritime directe ayant conduit en Amérique

des peuples originaires du Sud-Est asiatique. On a retrouvé en

effet, dans l’ancienne civilisation du Pérou, beaucoup d’éléments

culturels d’origine malayo-mélanésienne (propulseur, fronde, flûte

de Pan, danses masquées, têtes-trophées) qui semblent confirmer

cette manière de voir (P. Rivet, Les Océaniens, Mém. Soc. Biogéogr.

IV, 1934).

L’emploi, par les Indiens précolombiens, d’algues marines pour

leur alimentation, peut donc, peut-être, être considéré comme un

nouvel argument en faveur de la thèse soutenue par Rivet.

Jean Feldmann.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Les conditions actuelles de l’imprimerie ne permettant plus d’envisager la

parution d’une Bibliographie Algologique méthodique comme dans la première

série de cette revue, il ne sera publié que des indications bibliographiques con¬

cernant les ouvrages importants eu les mémoires d'intérêt général. Les lecteurs

de langue française peuvent trouver un complément d’information dans la

« Bibliographie » paraissant en annexe au « Bulletin de la Société botanique de

France » et dans le « Bulletin analytique » publié par le Centre National de la

Recherche Scientifique.

Beklemiskev C. W. — Sur la colonialité des Diatomées planc-

toniques. — lntern. Rev. Gesem. Hydrobiol. 44, 1, p. 11-26, 2 pl.

1959.

L’Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie reprend sa publi¬

cation. Nous y relevons cet intéressant travail sur la formation colo¬

niale chez les Diatomées planctoniques.

L’auteur montre que les formes coloniales sont de règle chez les

Diatomées planctoniques et il étudie les avantages et les inconvénients

de ces groupements.

La colonie favorise les cellules de 10 à 100 jx en les protégeant contre

les petits prédateurs animaux. Par contre la formation des colonies

rend souvent la flottaison difficile et réduit le métabolisme cellulaire.

Les cellules de moins de 10 p. sont favorisées par la vie solitaire, elles

échappent aux gros crustacés, et leur taux rapide de multiplication

leur permet la survie malgré les ravages des petits animaux.

L’auteur montre enfin les diverses étapes des formations coloniales :

les formes les plus évoluées, comme Thalassiosira ont des colonies

solides mais disjointes. Les Pennales qui semblent benthiques à 1 origine,

ont une grande diversité de formes de colonies, mais les modes de con¬

nection des cellules entre elles restent primitifs.

Nous avons là une étude fort intéressante et ne nombreuses hypo¬

thèses étayées par des observations très précises.

P. By.

Biebl R. — Zellphysiologische Beobachtungen an Blasenzellen

einiger Rotalgen. — Botanica Marina, vol. I, fasc. 1 - 2 , 2-14, 6 fig.

phot.; Hambourg 1959.

L’auteur, soumettant à diverses expériences des thalles de Aspara-

f/opsis armaia, Falkenbergia rufolanosa, Bonnemaisonnia hamifera,

Trailliella intricata, Antithamnion plumula, et Antithamnion sarniense,

a étudié la résistance de leur cellules sécrétrices. La résistance osmo¬

tique des cellules sécrétrices des Bonnemaisoniacées est plus grande

que celle des Céramiacées en solution hypotonique, par contre, en

solution hypertonique les deux espèces d ’Antithamnion résistent à

une concentration double de celle de l’eau de mer tandis que les Bonne¬

maisoniacées ne supportent pas plus de 1,2 de concentration. Les li¬

mites de résistance osmotique ne sont pas les mêmes pour les cellules

sécrétrices et pour les autres cellules du thalle. Une immersion de 1/2

à 1 minute dans l’eau distillée fait éclater presque toutes les cellules

154

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

sécrétrices de YAntithamnion plumula, replacé dans l’eau de mer

normale les autres cellules du thalle restent en vie. Soumises au froid

(— 30°). les cinq espèces meurent et leurs cellules sécrétrices se vident;

par contre, en cas de mort par la chaleur (+ 30°), les cellules glan¬

dulaires de ces différentes espèces ne réagissent pas de la même

façon : chez Asparagopsis, Falkenbergia, et Bonnemaisonia, les cellules

secretnces sont détruites au moment où elles meurent, tandis que

chez les especes d’ Antithamnion elles restent « fixées » dans leur aspect

presque inchangé. Les cellules sécrétrices de VAntithamnion plumula et

(le Trailhella intricata, résistent beaucoup mieux au dessèchement que

celles des autres cellules du thalle.

Ces intéressantes expériences, sont accompagnées d’excellentes mi¬

crophotographies.

Fr. A.

Bornet Ed. et Flahaut Ch. — Révision des Nostocacés hété-

rocystes. Repr. Rater Starling point Book for botanical nomen¬

clature. vol. 1 , publ. Engelmann, 1959

L éditeur J. Cramer (H. R. Engelmann) a entrepris la publication

par reimpression photographique des travaux de cryptogamie fonda¬

mentaux servant de point de départ pour la systématique de divers

groupes. Cet ouvrage classique, depuis longtemps introuvable, a donc été

réimprimé et forme un volume relié toile, très agréablement présenté il

est précédé d’une courte notice biographique et bibliographique sur

Bornet et Flahaut. Comme le savent tous les algologues, il s'agit là

d un ouvrage de base, qui n’a pas vieilli et auquel il est indispensable

de se reporter pour les diagnoses originales et les listes des spécimens

d herbiers.

P. By.

Fan K. C. — Studies on the life historiés of marine algae I.

Codiolum petrocelidis and Spongomorpha coalita. — Bull Torreu

Bot. Club., 86. 1 , p. 1-12, 41 fig. 1959.

Yj\ s ™ tUre j 111 '-aboratoire, l'auteur montre que les Codiolum petro-

celidis donnent des zoospores qui en germant produisent des filaments

typiques de Spongomorpha coalita. Ce dernier, qui est dioïque. forme

des gametes a - fouets qui par isogamie fusionnent en un zygote r.a •Ger¬

mination du zygote conduit directement à un Codiolum "

Spongomorpha coalita et Codiolum petrocelidis représentent donc

es phases gametophyte et sporophyte de la même espèce qui doit porter

le nom de Spongomorpha coalita.

Cet intéressant travail est à comparer à ceux de Johnsson et Kobn-

mann analyses dans la Revue Algologique, t. IV. f. 4, pp. 284-286.

Fan K. C. et Papenfuss G. F. — Red algal parasites occurring

on members of the Gelidiales. — Madrôno, 15, 2, p. 33-38, 10 fig

Les auteurs retrouvent les Choreocolax suhriae et Choreocolax mar-

gantoides Martin et Pococi et montrent que les caractères des rameaux

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

155

carpogoniaux permettent de placer ces deux espèces parasites dans le

genre Gelidiocolax. Ils décrivent ensuite une nov. sp. de Gelidiocolax

des îles Hawaï, parasitant les Ptericladia.

Enfin, ils découvrent en Nouvelle Zélande, un nov. gen. Pterocladio-

phila parasite de Pterocladia et caractérisé par les tétrasporanges zonées

disposées en conceptacles.

Ce nouveau genre monospécifique est placé dans la nov. famille des

Pterocladiophilaceae de l’ordre des Crvptoméniales.

P. By.

Hustedt Fr. — Die Kieselalgen. — Rabenhorsts Kryptogamen-

Flora, Bd. VU. 2 Teil, Lief. 6, pp. 785-845, 1959.

Avec ce fascicule se termine la 2° partie du magistral ouvrage de

Hustedt sur les Diatomées. Ce volume est consacré au genre Cistula,

Anomoeoneis et Stauroneis. Pour chaque genre nous trouvons la

synonymie, la diagnose, (avec indication de la structure du chromato-

phore), des notions d’écologie et une clef de détermination. Pour

chaque espèce, synonymie très complète, indication des descriptions

chez les auteurs classiques, iconographie, collections de préparations,

diagnose, répartition géographique, écologie et illustration originale

par dessin ou microphotographie.

Au cours de l’ouvrage, l’auteur décrit quelques espèces nouvelles et

propose de nov. comb.

Le volume se termine par la table alphabétique des espèces conte¬

nues dans la 2 e partie toute entière.

Tous les algologues se réjouiront de la publication de ce volume

qui reste le travail fondamental dans ce domaine et nous espérons et

souhaitons voir paraître rapidement la troisième partie consacrée à

des genres particulièrement difficiles et riches en espèces comme

Navicula, Pinnularia, Nitzchia, Surirella, etc...

P. By.

Kann E. — Die eulitoral Algenzone im Traunsee (Oberôster-

reich). — Arch. f. Hydrobiol., 55, 2 , p. 129-192, 3pl. 1959.

Après une étude très complète des conditions physiques et chimiques

des eaux du Traunsee, l’auteur étudie les différentes zonations d’algues

microscopiques croissant sur les rives du lac. Elle distingue ainsi les

groupements écologiques suivants :

1") algues peuplant les parois rocheuses abruptes avec Gloeocapsa

sanguinea, Scyionema myochrous, Calothrix pcirietina, Nosloc sphaericum

de la surface de l’eau à la côte + 60 cm; plus bas de 0 à 60 cm, nous

trouverons une ceinture de Tolypothrix distorta, et croûte à Rivularia

haematiles, suivie en profondeur d’une zone à Schizothrix et à Dicho-

thrix.

2°) les blocs rocheux en eau pure montrent une population plus

pauvre avec de nombreux Phormidium accompagnés de Pleurocapsa

minor et Chamaesiphon polonicus.

3°) les rochers en zone polluée se caractérisent par Cladophora glome-

nierata et les Chcietophora.

156

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

4°) sur les pierres de la partie littorale en pente douce, on retrouve

la zonation classique présentant successivement Calothrix fusca, Rivu-

larici, Schizothrix lacustris.

5") les rochers où débouchent des sources froides sont peuplés par

Batrachospermum moniliforme, Gongrosira, Homoeothrix.

6°) les galets sculptés ont une croûte de Schizothrix et de Cyanostylon.

7°) les corps flottants, montrent eux aussi une zonation très nette

avec dans la partie émergée, Gloeocapsa, Tolypothrix et Scytonema;

au niveau de l’eau : Cladophora et Batrachospermum, enfin dans la base

immergée, Schizothrix lacustris.

Cette analyse rapide montrera tout l’intérêt de cette étude qui com¬

plète les travaux précédents de l’auteur sur les végétations littorales des

lacs de Lunz et de la région de Plon.

P. By.

Kumano S. et Hirose H. — On the swarmers and reproduction

organs of a phaeophyceas freshwater algae of Japan Heribaudiella

fluuiatilis (Aresch.) Sved. — Bull. Phycolog. Soc. Japan, 7, 2, p. 45-

51, 1959.

Les auteurs observent la formation des sporanges uniloculaires et plu-

riloculaires chez Heribaudiella fluvialilis.

Les sporanges pluriloculaires naissent au début de l’été, ils présentent

4 (ou rarement 8) cellules donnant chacune une cellule nageuse nue

avec stigma, un plaste et 2 fouets inégaux. Ce sont sans doute des

gamètes mais la fusion n’a pas été vue.

Les sporanges uniloculaires donnent 8 zoospores qui sont libérées à

l’automne. La zoospore possède 1 ou 2 plastes, un stigma et 2 fouets

inégaux. La germination jusqu’au stade de 2 cellules a été observée.

P. By.

Kusnezow S. I. — Die Rolle der Mikroorganismen im Stofï-

kreislauf der Seen (traduit du russe par A. Pochmann). 1 vol.

301 pp., 77 fig. Berlin 1959.

Comme l’indique le titre, il ne s’agit pas d’un livre d’algologie, mais

d’un résumé de nos connaissances sur l’importance des bactéries dans

le cycle des substances dans les eaux de lacs. Ce livre renferme huit cha¬

pitres. L’auteur nous rappelle d’abord les grands traits de la limnologie

des lacs, hydrologie et chimie, puis il traite rapidement des dépôts

lacustres et des méthodes bactériologiques d’analyse des eaux et des

vases.

Le 3 e chapitre est consacré à la répartition des Bactéries dans l’eau et

la vase, et aux facteurs qui régissent cette répartition : lumière, tempé¬

rature, zooplancton, bactériophage, phytoplancton.

Le 4 e chapitre examine l’influence des microorganismes, les variations

de l’oxygène dissous tandis que le 5 e chapitre étudie le cycle du carbone

dans les lacs et tout spécialement la décomposition des organismes

planctoniques et des matières organiques (attaque anaérobie des

hydrates de carbones des corps gras, des celluloses et hémicelluloses).

Le 6 e chapitre est consacré au cycle de l’azote, tandis que le 7 e et le

8* étudient les cycles du soufre et du fer.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

157

Ce bref rappel des têtes de chapitres montre l’intérêt de ce livre qui

complète admirablement les traités classiques de limnologie où la bio¬

logie des bactéries aquatiques est quelque peu négligée.

Des schémas, des graphiques nombreux et une centaine de tableaux

complètent ce li^re qui se termine par une copieuse bibliographie et

un index alphabétique.

Il faut remercier le D r Pochmann d’avoir, par sa traduction en alle¬

mand, mis ce travail à la portée de tous ceux qu’intéressent les phéno¬

mènes biologiques lacustres.

P. By.

Lewin J. C., Lewin R. A. et Philpott D. E — Observations on

Phaeodactylum tricornutum. — Journ. gen. Microbiol. 18 , p. 418-

426, 2 pl.

Lewin J. C. — The taxonomie position of Ph. tricornutum. —

id., 18, p. 427-432, pl. 1958.

Les auteurs étudient, sur culture, cet organisme assez énigmatique,

souvent appelé Nitzschia closterium fo. minutissima. Ils montrent que

cette algue unicellulaire se présente sous deux phases normales : 1) cel¬

lule fusiforme, à membrane nue, sans silice; 2) cellule ellipsoïdale à

deux valves différentes, l’une nue, sans silice, l’autre siliceuse, possé¬

dant un raphé recourbé rappelant Cymbella. Les formes triradiées, dé¬

pourvues de silice sont anormales.

Phaeodactylum est donc une diatomée à structure très particulière,

diatomée qui devient le type d’une nouveau sous-ordre : celui des

Phaedactylineae, proche des Monoraphidineàe, caractérisé par une

valve nue, sans silice, et une valve siliceuse portant le raphé et des stries

ponctuées.

De belles photographies au microscope électronique confirment plei¬

nement ces résultats particulièrement intéressants.

P. By.

Parke M., Manton I. et Clarke B. — Studies on marine flagel¬

lâtes III. Three further species of Chrysochromulina, IV, Morpho-

logy and microanatomy of a new species of Chrysochromulina. V,

Morphology and microanatomy of Chrysochromulina strobilus nov.

sp. — J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 35, 37, 38, 1956, 1958, 1959.

Dans ces trois articles, illustrés par de splendides photographies de

coupes au microscope électronique, les auteurs étudient (5 nov. sp. de

Chrysochromulina. Ce sont des Chrysophycées monadoïdes à deux

flagelles égaux ou subégaux, flagelles lisses sans mastigonèmes latéraux.

Ces cellules sont pourvues d’un haplonema, plus ou moins long.^ La

coupe de l’haptonema au microscope électronique montre qu’il s’agit

d’un organite très différent d’un flagelle : il présente 3 membranes

concentriques entourant 7 fibres disposées en couronne. Chez une autre

espèce, l’haptonema n’a que 6 fibres, mais toujours trois membranes.

Parmi les espèces étudiées, certaines malgré la structure identique

des flagelles, ont une nage hétérodyname et parfois, une légère inégalité

de longueur des 2 fouets. Ces beaux travaux contiennent de plus une

158

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

foule de renseignements très précis sur la Cytologie des Chrysochro-

mulina, structure des plastes, des pyrénoïdes, des mitochondries, de

l'appareil de Golgi des corps mucifères, des écailles, des épines, etc...

P. By.

Pochmann A. — Uber Choanogaster, einen neuen l'arblosen Sal-

zflagellaten vom Urmia-See. — Arch. f. Protist., 103, 3/4, p. 507-

530, 2 pl. 1959.

— Uber die Tâtigkeit der nichtkontraktilen Importvakuole and

dem Modus der Osmorégulation bei dem Salzflagellaten Choano¬

gaster nebst Bermerkungen über die Funktion der Pusulen. — Ber.

Deut. Bot. Gesell., 72, 2 , p. 99-108, 1959.

Dans une récolte des bords du lac Urmia (Iran) en eau sursalée :

environ 20 %, l’auteur découvre un très curieux flagellé incolore pourvu

de 4 flagelles apicaux, inégaux et d’un système vaeuolaire complexe rap¬

pelant l’appareil pusulaire des péridiniens marins. Ce système vaeuolaire

est sans doute une adaptation à un milieu fortement hypertomique.

Ce nov. gen. est le type d’une nouvelle famille du nouvel ordre des

Choanogasterales.

P. By.

Prauser F. — Diacronema vlkianum eine neue Chrysomonade.

— Arch. f. Protist. 103, 1 / 2 , p. 117-128, 4 fig., 1958.

En 1938, VL K dans son travail classique sur la structure des flagelles

(.Arch. Protist , 90), avait décrit et figuré un petit flagellé à plastes jaunes

et a 2 fouets inégaux, dépourvus de mastigonémes. Ce flagellé, incom¬

plètement décrit et non nommé, a été retrouvé par l’auteur et étudié

avec soin. L’examen au microscope électronique des fouets de cet

organisme, confirme les observations de VLK. L’auteur rapproche le

nouveau genre des Isochrysidales et crée une nouvelle famille des

Diacronemataceae.

Remarquons que parmi les espèces de Chrysochronmlina découvertes

par Parke, Manton, et Clarke figurent des espèces possédant des

fouets isomorphes et hétérodynames, présentant parfois de légères

inégalités de longueur (1 à 3 p.).

P. By.

Le Gérant : R. Lami, — Imp. Monnoyer, Le Mans.