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REVUE

ALGOLOGIQUE

DIRECTEURS .

P. BOURRELLY e» ROB. LAMI

SOMMAIRE

G. Huber-Pestalozzi. — Prof. D r Wilhelm Vischer (1890-1960) .... 115

G. W. Prescott. — Arthur M. Scott (1888-1963) . 119

S. R. K. Sarma. — Some observations on the morphology and

cytology of Drapamaldia plumosa (Vauch.) Ag. 123

L. R. Almodovar. — The marine Algae of Guànica, Puerto-Rieo .. 129

R. E. Cameron. — Algae of Southern Arizona, Part. II. 151

A. K. M. Nurul Islam and Pranjit Sarma. — Preliminary survey of

the epizoic Oedogonia growing on the shells of freshwatcr

molluscs in the East Pakistan . 178

P. Bourrelly. — Une nouvelle coupure générique dans la famille

des Desmidiées : le genre Teilingia . 187

A. N. Kappana, F. Thivy and E. R. Iyengar. — Outdoor mass cul¬

ture of Chlorella . 191

H. Germain. — Navicula Gothlandica Grunow. 196

Notule Algologique

H. Maillard. — Sur la taxinomie de Navicula Lagersledtii Cl. 202

Bibliographie . 204

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N l|u Sér., T. VII ; PI. 7

Professeur-Docteur Wilhelm Yischer

(1890-1960)

Source : MNHN, Paris

Professeur Docteur Wilhelm Vischer

( 1890 - 1960 )

Par G. HUBER-PESTALOZZI (Zürich).

Le 2 juin I960 est décédé à Bâle, des suites d’une affection car-

chaque, le Professeur de Botanique Wilhelm Vischer. Il avait

eu la chance de pouvoir célébrer le 5 janvier de la même année

son 70 e anniversaire.

Le Prof. Vischer), né à Bâle le 5 janvier 1890, était fils du D T

Wilhelm Vischer, avocat-juriste, et notaire bien connu de cette

ville, et de Hélène Iselin. Il descendait donc de deux vieilles

familles de Bâle. Avec son frère et ses deux sœurs, il passa une

agréable jeunesse. Il fréquenta les écoles élémentaires, puis te Lycée

de sa ville natale et alla ensuite suivre les cours de Faculté aux

L mversites de Genève, de Bàle et de Munich.

Dans cette dernière ville, il obtint en 1914, le grade de Docteur

chez le Prof. Goebel maître de la morphologie expérimentale. A

mversite de Genève, il fit la connaissance du Prof Robert

Chodat avec lequel il entreprit un voyage d'études au Paraguay.

Lu 1919, Vischer se rendit à Java, à la Rubber-proef Station

ou il étudia les plantes à Caoutchouc.

De retour à son pays natal, en 1923, il reprend ses recherches

" "‘T C y CSt n ° mmé “ 1924 ' * Privat-docent » puis en

192,S Professeur extraordinaire en Botanique systématique et phar-

maceutique et en géographie Botanique.

Vischer s'intéresse alors avant tout aux algues d'eau douce

plus rarement et exceptionnellement aux Champignons inférieurs’

Il acquiert rapidement une grande maîtrise dans ce domaine et

créé une riche algothèque, de réputation mondiale.

Vischer a découvert et décrit un nombre considérable d'algues

nouvelles surtout parmi les espèces croissant dans les stations sub

aeriennes (sol, murailles humides, tronc d’arbres, etc )

Ses travaux scientifiques se distinguent par une grande clarté et

une précision remarquable, et de plus dans ses conclusions il

reste toujours prudent.

Sa grande expérience des cultures, sa connaissance parfaite de

la Taxonomie, lui ont permis d'étudier avec fruit les algues nleu

fococcoides des sols et d’en préciser la place systématique

116

G. HUBER-PESTALOZZI

Son important mémoire sur les Chaetophorales est un modelé

du genre et reste un ouvrage fondamental sur cet ordre de Chloro-

phycées. Vischer, comme dans tous ses travaux, a su allier harmo¬

nieusement l’expérience du physiologiste avec celle du naturaliste

systématicien.

Vischer a été longtemps Président de la Société pour la Piotec-

tion de la Nature en Suisse. Il a d’ailleurs écrit un ouvrage sur ce

sujet. Il a présidé aussi la commission de recherches du Parc

National Suisse et étudié les algues de cette réserve.

Vischer était un homme de grande originalité, courageux, et

puissant travailleur. N’étant pas marié, il était toujours entoure

d’un cercle d’amis qui s’intéressaient non seulement à la Bota¬

nique, mais aussi à l’art, à la musique, à la littérature.

De plus Vischer était un alpiniste passionné, amateur de lon¬

gues et difficiles courses en montagne.

En l’honneur de ses travaux algologiques, Pascher en 1938.

lui avait dédié un genre de Xanthophvcées-Hétérococcales, le genre

Vischeria avec 7 espèces.

La botanique a perdu avec Vischer un savant de grande classe

qui faisait honneur à la Science désintéressée.

La liste suivante de ses publications algologiques en est la

meilleure preuve.

Travaux algologiques de W. VISCHER.

1917 . _ Versuche mit Raphidium Braunii. — Verh. d. Schweiz. Naturf.

Ges. 99. Jahresversammlung.

1919 _ Sur le polymorphisme de V Ankistrodesnius Braunii. Revue

d’Hydrologie, Aarau. 1 : 3-48.

1926. _ Etudes d’algologie expérimentales. — Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve.

18 : 24-85. .. ,.

1926. — über die Faktoren welche bei niedrigen Grunalgen die fc.ni-

oder Mehrzelligkeit bedigen. — Acl. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 107

204-5.

1927 . _Zur Biologie von Coelastrum proboscideum und einigen ancie-

ren Grünalgen. — Verh. Naturf. Ges., Basel. 38 : 386-415.

1929 _ Zur Stellung der Pleurococcaceen in Engler und Prantl, II. Au

liage. — Verhandl. Schweiz. Nalurforsch. Gesell. Davos.

1930. _ Der Generationswechsel bei Algen. —- Verh. Schweiz. Nat-

Gesell-, ill. Jahresvers., Si Galien, 2 : 307.

1932. _ Experimentelle Untersuchungen (Gallertbildung) mit Mischo-

coccus sphaerocephalus Vischer. — Arch. f. Protistk., 76 :

25 9 -273. . o

1933 . _ Uber einige kritische Gattungen und die Systematik der Cnae-

tophorales. — Beitr. Bot. Centralbl., 51 : 1-100.

1933 _ Rorphyridium cruentum Naegeli. — Verh. Schweiz. Naturf.

Ges., 115; Jahresvers, Zurich : 353 (Vorlauflge Notiz.).

PROFESSEUR-DOCTEUR WILHELM VISCHER

117

1935. — Zur Morphologie, Physiologie und Systematik (1er Blutalge

Porphyridium cmentum Nacgeli. — Verh. Nalurf. Ges. Basel.,

46 : 06-103

1930. Uber Heterokonten und heterokontenahnliehe Grünalgen. —

Ber. Schiveiz. Bol. Gescll., 45 : 372-410.

1930. Studien an Heterokonten. — Verh. schiveiz. Nalurf. Ges., 117.

Juhresvers., Solothum : 307.

1937. — Über einige Heterokonten ( Ilelerococcus, Chlorellidium) und

ihren Polymorphismus. — Ber. Schiveiz. Bol. Ges 1 . 47 : 225-250.

1937- — Die Kultur der Heterokonten. — Rabenhorst, XI; 190-201.

1938. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Botrydium Wallroth. — Ber. Schiveiz.

Bol. Ges., 48 : 538-561.

1939 Professor Schôter. — Baseler Nachrichlen, 9, 2.

1939. Robert Chodat, algologue (1864-1934). — Rev. Algol.. 11 , 3/4.

1940. — Uber eine neue Grünalgengattung Microsporopsis (Ulothri-

calcs) und die Verwandtschaft der Mierosporaeeae. — Verh.

Nalurf. Ges. Basel, Festband A. Binz, 51 : 158-169 (1940).

1941. — Uber eine durch Raphidonema spiculiforme nov. spec. verur-

saehte Wasserblüte und ihre experimentelle Untersuchung. —

Z. f. Hydrol. der Ilydrobiologischen Kommission der Schiveiz.

Nalurf. Ges., 9 : 108-127.

1943. Über die Goldalgc Chromophylon Rosanoffii Woronin. — Ber.

Schiveiz. Bot. Ges-, 53 : 91-101.

1943. Bodenalgen aus dem sehweizerischen Nationalpark. — Verh.

Schiveiz. Nalurf. Gesel., 123. Jahresvers., Schaffhaussen : 117.

1944. — Schweizerische Fundorte von Chromophyton Rosanoffii. —

Bericht. Schiveiz. Bot. Gesell., 54.

1945. — Über cincn pilzahnlichcn, autotrophen Mikoorganismus, Chlo-

rochytridion, einige neue Protoeoccale und die systeinatische

Bedeutung der Chloroplasten. — Verh. Nalurf. Ges. Basel, 56 :

41-59.

1945. Heterokonten aus alpinen Boden speziell dem Sehweizeris-

chen Nationalpark. — Ergebn. Wiss. Unlers. Schiveiz. Natio-

nalp., 1 : 481-512.

1945. — Über Chlorochytridion, einen chlorophyllhaltigen, chytridiales-

ahnlichen Organjsmus. — Verh. Schiveiz. nalurf. Gesell., 125.

Jahresvers., Freiburg : 169.

1946. — ('ber eine neue, flutendc Heterokonte, Chlorosaccus ulvaceus. —

Ber. Schiveiz. Bol. Gesell., 56 (avec la collab. de E. Messi-

kommer) .

1947. — Saminlung der Algenreinkulturen beschricbener Arten. — Bot.

Anstalt. Univ. Basel.

1949. — Pedinomorias Korchikoff und eine neue Flagellatenklassc, Opis-

thokontae. — Verh. inl. Ver. Limmol. le : 504-510.

1950. — Symposium : die Biologie des Bodens. Untersuchungen im

Sehweizerischen Nationalpark. - - 2. Botanische Untersuchun¬

gen (Bodenalgen). — Verh. Schiveiz. Nalurf. Ges. Davos :

86-92.

1952. — Primitivste Landpflanzen. — Verh. Schiveiz. Naturf. Ges., 132 .

Jahresvers., Bern : 152.

1953. über primitivste Landpflanzen. - Ber. Schiveiz. Bot. Ges., 63 :

169-193.

118

G. HUBER-PESTALOZZI

1953. — Mutaiionen bei der Algengattung Diplosphaera Bialosuknia. —

13. Jahresber. d. Schweiz. Ges. f. VererbungsfoTschung. — Arch.

d. Julius Klaus-Stiftung, 28 : 287-291 (1953).

1953 . _ On the importance of Pure Culture for the lower Algae. --

Proceed. ? Ih Intern. Bol. Congr., Stockholm : 803-804.

1953 . _Cher die Entstehung nouer Arten in Reinskulturen bei der

Algengattung Diplosphara Bialosuknia. Verh. Schweiz. Na-

turf. Gesell., 134. Jahresvers., Alldorf : 138.

1954. _ Mutation dans le genre Diplosphaera (Chlorophycées). — C. B.

8° Congr. Intern. Bol. Paris, 17 e sect.

1955. _ Reproduktion und Systematik aerophiler, peurococcoider, Luf-

talgen. — Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 139. Jahresvers. : 155-156.

1955 . _ Porphyridium cruentum Nag. (Rhodophyceae) und die Bewe-

gung sciner Monosporen. — Verh. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges., 135.

Jahresvers., Porrentruy : 133.

1955 . —. Uber cine neue Grünalgengattung, Jaagia (Chlorellopsis Zei-

tler, non Reis) aus der gruppe der Chlorococcales. — Ber.

Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 65 : 511-518.

1955. — Porphyridium cruentum (Ag.) Nag. und die Bewegung seiner

Monosporen. — Ber. Schweiz. Bol. Gesell., 65 : 459-474.

1956. _ Uber einige Rheingebiet bei Bascl vorkommcnde Algen und

Flechten. — Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 67, 2 : 300-217.

I960. — Reproduktion und systematische Stellung einiger Rinden-und

Bodenalgen. — Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. (Festband Jaag), 22 :

330-349.

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N"- Sér . T. VII; PI. 8

Arthur M. Scott

(1888-1963)

Source : MNHN, P

Arthur M. Scott (1888-1963)

by G. W. PRESCOTT.

It is not often thait an amateur biologist devotes himself to a

hobby so dilligently and with such sustained purposeful interest

that lie becomes a recognized professional and a scholar while

making a success of his vocation. Such a man was Arthur M.

Scott who, trained as an engineer and a designer of buildings,

turned to microscopy and the algae purely as a hobby; then be-

came so engrossed that he dedicated practicallv his entire spare

time and his energy to a study of desmids. His personality, his

generous financial contributions to science, and his literarv achie-

vements now make his passing felt as a keen loss to a host of

friends, colleagues in phycologv and engineers within the United

Stades and abroad; for he earned an international réputation.

Arthur Moreland Scott was the only son and the tird of four

children of Albert and Letitia M. Scott. He was born January 25,

1888 in Hornsey, a suburb of London where he attended parochial

and municipal schools. His subséquent capacity for scholarly

work was evidenced when he won a competetive scholarship

which provided tuition at the Dame Alice Owen’s school at

Islington, London. This is a privately endowed institution dating

from 1613 and one that served as a preparatory school for Cam¬

bridge University. Instead of conitinuing on to higher éducation,

however, Arthur withdrew from the Owen school at the insistence

of his parents, and he went to work as a clerk in London offices

at the âge of about 16. We can imagine that this was distasteful

to him for although resourceful and willing tto work he neverthe-

less had a strong desire to achieve academically. He thus began car-

ning his own living at an early âge and because of a strong indepen-

dence he answered an advertisement for a position with Captain

Andrew Lawrie, Surveyor to Lloyd’s Register of Shipping at New

Orléans. As a resuit he became employed in that city where he

lived and worked from 1906.

Compléting his contract with Lawrie, he took employment

with the latter’s son-in-law, Mr. Ole K. Olsen, a Danish civil

engineer. At first he sold machinery and engineering supplies,

among which were steel bars for reinforcing concrète. This cons¬

truction medium was new and few understood its spécial problems.

Hence Scott, with such expérience as he had, was able to meet

120

G. W. PRESCOTT

a demand for technical skill in this branch of engineering. He

was a clever mathematician and early showed abilitv at design.

He persisted in self-education and so becarae proficient in struc¬

tural engineering as applied to building construction. Subse-

quently he designed many important buildings throughout Loui-

siana and Mississippi. In addition to his botanical writings, there-

fore, he leaves as permanent monuments many schools, factories,

court houses and other public buildings.

During World War I, Scott served in an engineering corps and

was discharged as a 2nd Lieutenant. It was about this time that

he became a naturalized U. S. citizen, and upon returning from

France he married Miss Edith Kirkwood of Grand Rapids, Michi¬

gan on January 5, 1920. His understanding and companionable

wife now survives him.

Early in the 1930’s the firm of Ole K. Olsen Inc. was formed

with Scott serving as Vice-President and one of four stock-holders.

Besides Ole K. Olsen, President, associated in the firm were

N. H. Ross, Secretary and R. C. Gotch, Treasurer. This quartet

remained closely united until Arthur Scott’s retirement in 1953

and the death of Mr. Gotch in 1954.

Because of his interest in science (physics and astronomy) as a

youth he continued to study in these fields and followed develop-

ments especially in nuclear physics and radar. He learned to read

Gerinan, French and Latin and knew the rudiments of Greek. He

had never developed an interest in biology, but turned rather to

cryptographv and to woodwork for hobbies. Then in 1920 he

became interested in optics, obtained a small microscope and pur-

chased a copy of Stoke’s Aquatic Microscopy for Beginners. Thus,

like many another inquisitive student he became enthralled with

the universe of microscopical organisms and was especially fasci-

nated by desmids. He was intrigued particularly by the géométrie

forms of Micrasterias but because, as he learned later, the vicinity

of New Orléans is a poor one for desmids, he found only a few,

prosaic Cosmaria and Closteria. Curiously, in view of his future

work, he gave up a study of these plants entirely and took to

other hobbies. It was not until 1938 that he made a chance collec¬

tion of algae from St Tammany Parish, north of Lake Pontchar-

train that abounded in large and ornate desmids. This aroused

his interest completely. He explored for literature on Louisiana

desmids and he explored collecting sites ever widening his field

and learning the types of habitats favorable for desmids.

He received guidance and encouragement from Dr Nelson Gowen-

loch, biologist for the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and

Source : MNHN, Pari

ARTHUR M. SCOTT

121

Fisheries, and from American phycologists. It was his finding of

the rare Phymatodocis Nordstedtiana Wolle winch led Scott to

write first to the late G. M. Smith, then to W. R. Taylor and

G. W. Prescott. After making these contacts Scott went to work

even more seriously and soon was ready to enter joint authorship

of papers on desmids, first with Prescott, later with Grônblad

and Krieger.

Ail the while he was building a library of desmid literature, and

broadening his expérience by examining material from many geo-

graphical régions. He supplied his home laboratory with fine op-

tical equipment to which he added his own improvements.

Scott was a perfectionist and those who worked with him ap-

preciated his keen perception, and intellectual honesty. With his

caméra lucida he executed many thousands of drawings of desmids

from the United States, South America, Australia, Indonesia and

elsewhere. It was his hope and expressed wish that these be made

available to other students of the desmids, together with his col¬

lection of several thousand vials of preserved material. His familia-

rity with the arts, with politics and with business economy made

him an interesting and informative convcrsationalist.

In 1955 Arthur and Edith Scott made a trip to England and

Europe where he visited members of his family, whom he had not

seen since coming to America, and where he had conférences with

D r Einar Teiling and the late D r Rolf Grônblad. This trip was an

enriching expérience as judged by his enthusiastic letters written

after his return and by the increased application to his studies and

writings which followed. He became interested in the genetics and

the bipolarity of desmids in addition to their taxonomy and phylo-

geny. In the late ’50’s Scott became associated with G. W. Pres¬

cott and Hannad T. Croasdale in a project involving a synopsis

of North American Desmidiaceae. To this he contributed many

drawings and collections.

As long ago as 1915 Mr Scott joined the Louisiana Engineering

Society and in 1930 he was honored (although not a college gra-

duae) by an élection as full member to the American Society of

Civil Engineers. He was a member of the Lousiana Academy of

Sciences, Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, the

American Microscopical Society, and was a charter member of the

Phycological Society of America, to which he gave generous sup¬

port. He belonged also to A.I.B.S., I.A.P.T. and the International

Phycological Society.

It is noteworthy and appropriate that his name should be per-

petuated by Amscottia mira Grônblad and by Staurastrum Scottii

122

G. W. PRESCOTT

Grônblad. But as memoria these naines are quite unnecessary

because ail who knew him will remember for ever Arthur M. Scott

and his contributions to botany and to engineering.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Prescott G. W. and Scott A. M., 1942. — The fresh-water algae of

Southern United Sttes. I. Desmids from Mississippi, with descriptions

of new species and varieties. — Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 61 (1) :

1-29.

Prescott G. W. and Scott A. M. 1943. The desmid genus Micras-

terias Agardh in Southeastern United States. — Pap. Mich. Acad.

Sci., Arts and letters, 28 : 67-82.

Prescott G. W. and Scott A. M. 1945. — The fresh-water algae of

Southern United States III. The desmid genus Euaslrum, with des¬

criptions of some new varieties. — Amer. Mid. Nat., 34 (1) : 231-257.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1949. — Spinocosmarium quadridens

(Wood) Presc. and Scott and its varieties. — Trans. Amer. Microsc.

Soc. 68 (4) : 342-349.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1952. — The algal flora of southeastern

United States VI. Additions to our knowledge of the desmid genus

Euaslrum III. — Ilydrobiol., 4 (4) : 377-398.

Scott A. M. 1950. — New varieties of Staurastrum ophiura Lund. —

Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc., 69 (3) : 248-253.

Prescott G. W. and Scott A. M. 1952. — Some South Australian des¬

mids. — Trans. Roy. Soc. South Auslralia, 75 : 55-69.

Prescott G- W. and Scott A. M. 1952. — The algal flora of southeastern

United States V. Additions to our knowledge of the desmid genus

Micrasterias. II. — Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc., 71 (3) : 229-252.

Grônblad R. and Scott A. M. 1955. — On the variation of Staurastrum

bibrachiatum Reinsch as an example of variability in a desmid

species. — Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fenn. 72 (6) : 1-11.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1956. — Notes in Indonesian freshwa-

ter algae. II. Ichthyodontum, a new desmid genus from Sumatra. —

Reinwardlia, 4 ( 1 ) : 105-112.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. M. 1956. — Notes on Indonesian fres-

water algae 1. Staurastrum wildemani Gutw. (Desmidiaceae). — Rein-

wardtia. 3 (3) : 351-363.

Grônblad R., Prowse G. A. and Scott A. M. 1958. — Sudanese des¬

mids. — Acta. Bot. Fenn. 58 : 1-82.

Grônblad Rolf and Scott A. M. 1959. — Concerning later starting

points in algae. Taxonomy, 8 (3) : 88-90.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1961. — Indonesian Desmids- — Ilydro-

biol. 17 (1/2) : 1-132.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1958. — Some freshwater algae from

Arnhem Land in the northern territory of Australia. — Records

American-Australian Sci. Exped. to Arnhem Land, 3 : 8-135.

Scott A. M. and Prescott G. W. 1958. — Notes on Indonesia fresh-

water algae. III. New varieties of some little-known Staurastra (Des¬

midiaceae). — Reinwardlia. 4 (3) : 1-14.

Krieger W. and Scott A. M. 1957. — Einige Desmidiaceen aus Peru. —

Hydrobiol, 9 (3) : 126-209.

Some observations on the morphology and

cytology of Draparnaldia plumosa (Vauch.) Ag.

By Y. S. R. K. SARMA

INTRODUCTION

Draparnaldia Bory is a green alga belonging to the Chaetopho-

rales. The only cytological account available of this genus is that of

Ferguson (1932) on D. glomerata. The présent communication

deals with the cytology of another species of Draparnaldia, D. plu¬

mosa (Vauch.) Ag., and a few observations on the morphological

appearance of the alga under different cultural conditions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The alga under investigation was collected from Hampton Court,

England, and was referred to Draparnaldia plumosa (cf. Hazen,

1902; Prescott, 1951). The material was fixed at the time of col¬

lection in mixtures of absolute alcohol and glacial acetic acid in

proportion of 3 : 1 and 1 : 1 respectively, and was later studied cy-

tologically employing Godward’s iron-alum acetocarmine techni¬

que (Godward, 1948 and 50). Some material was brought in living

condition to the laboratory and grown in liquid media as well as

on agar in petri-dishes following standard culture methods (cf.

Pringsheim, 1946). Godward’s medium, (Godward, 1942) slightly

inodified with soil extract, was employed both in liquid and agar

cultures, which were grown under identical conditions of tempe-

rature and illumination.

KARYOLOGY

Material of D. plumosa, fixed at the time of collection, yielded a

number of division figures which form the basis of the following

account of the nuclear cytology of this species.

Nucléus.

The size of the nucléus varies considerably, depending upon the

size of the cell containing it. For example, the nucléus of an axis-

124

Y. S. R. K. SARMA

cell measuring 25 jx across is 6 tx in diameter, while in a cell of a

short latéral, approx. 9 u. broad, the nucléus is only 2.5 fx in diame¬

ter. The nuclei of the hair cells may be soinetimes even smaller.

The nucléus has a firm membrane and a well stained nucleolus,

the size, of winch, dépends on that of the nucléus. The largest nu¬

cleolus measured 3 jx across. In the large nuclei, occasionally a

few chromocentres are seen, sonie of which may be thick and rod-

shaped (Fig. 4). The structure of the smaller nuclei is not so clear,

but for the nucleolus. Possibly, they may also contain minute chro¬

mocentres. While the larger nuclei ressemble those of Ulothrix

zonato but for the chromocentres, the smaller ones look like those

of Uronema (Sarma, 1958).

Mitosis.

The early prophase stages in the small nuclei show large num-

bers of granules which may be interpreted as the discontinuously

stained régions of the long and slender chromosomal threads. By

about the mid-prophase the granular nature disappears giving

place to distinct chromosomes. The chromatids of individual chro¬

mosomes hâve not been observed at any stage during prophase.

From several mid and late-prophases, the chromosome number

has been determined to be 14 for this species (Fig. 5 A, B and 6 A,

B), and the same is also confirmed from an anaphase (Fig. 8 A,

B, C).

The nuclear membrance possibly disappears even before mid-

prophase, while the nucleolus is still seen at this stage (Fig. 5 B)

although it is not observable after prophase.

At metaphase (Fig. 7 A, B) the chromosomes organise them-

selves into a plate, when their individualitv could be seen only

with proper différentiation. Metaphases in the large cells, which

could hâve given a clearer picture of size relationships of various

chromosomes, hâve not been seen. However, from the observed me¬

taphases and anaphases, différences in respective lengths of chro¬

mosomes could be surmised. In general, one chromosome appears

to be longest, two or possibly three of medium size and the rest

short (Fig. 8 C). The latter are in the forme of shori rods or thick

dots. Even the long chromosomes do not show any médian or sub-

median centromeres.

Anaphases both from the large axis-cells (Fig. 8) as well as cells

of short laterals (Fig. 9) présent no trace of a spindle. Daughter

chromosomes are orientated parallel to the long-axis of the cell and

are presumed to be having sub-terminal centromeres as observed

by the author in Ulothrix zonata (Sarma, 1958). Telophases are

normal.

DR AP ARN A LD IA PLUMOSA

125

Discussion.

Ferguson (1932) thought that the chromosomes were formed

by the fusion of smaller granules appearing at early prophase. Her

interprétation can be explained on the assumption of discontinuous

staining of the early prophase chromosomes.

The chromosome number reported for this species is different

from the number (8) reported by Ferguson (1932) for D. glome-

rata. In both cases, however, it is not clear whether the numbers

are haploid or diploid. Chromosome numbers in the allied généra

of Chaetophorales viz. Draparnaldiopsis indica (n = 4, 2 n = 8,

Singh, 1945) and Fritschiella tuberosa (n = 4, 2 n = 8, Singh,

1947) are also low when coinpared with the number determined

here for D. plumosa.

Ferguson (1932) from a metaphase of an axis-cell described

some chromosomes as « distinctly constricted across the middle ».

In D. plumosa no constricted chromosomes are observed. Their

orientation and structure at anaphase do not suggest the presence

of any observable centromeres.

The présent observation on the absence of a spindle are in agree-

ment with similar statements by Ferguson (1932) in D. glome-

rata, Selby (unpub.) in Coleochaete and the présent author in se-

veral members of the Ulotrichales (Sarma, 1958).

MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF THE ALGA

Draparnaldia plumosa as occurs in nature shows a distinct main

axis from which laterals of limited and unlimited growth arise

(Fig. 1). The cells of the main axis are often slightly barrel sha-

ped, each of which is provided with a chloroplast having deeply

incised edges and several pyrenoids. The chloroplast usually forms

an équatorial girdle in the cell. Each cell of the short laterals pos-

sesses, on the other hand an entire chloroplast. The cells of the

main axis are not distinguishable into nodal and internodal cells,

as is the case in Draparnaldiopsis (Bharadwaja, 1933).

Cultures of the alga when grown in liquid medium and on agar

made up with the same solution, differed remarkably from each

other and from the plant growing in the natural habitat.

The inaterial from liquid culture showed scarcely any distinc¬

tion between the main axis and the laterals (Fig. 2), the latter

showing profuse branching. The alga presented a striking resem-

blance to a Stigeoclonium.

In the material on agar (Fig. 3) the growth of the main axis

was apparently suppressed; the main bulk of grow'th, carried on

Source MNHN, Paris

126

Y. S. R. K. SARMA

by the laterals, being diffuse, slow and not so profuse as compared

with the material from the liquid culture. The branches became

intennittently swollen and occasionally their cells divided in an

irregular manner (Fig. 10 C) comparable to prostrate Systems ot

certain members of other Chaetophorales. A number of rhizoidal

filaments were seen to grow out from the cells, the former being

occasionally surrounded by a conspicuous mucilagenous enveloppe

(Fig. 10 D). Empty cells were observed rarely, indicating libération

of swarmers (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10. A-D. — From the material growing on agar.

For explanation of figures see text.

The above observations show the great plasticity of the external

form of the alga in response to different conditions. Fritsch (1935,

p. 254) states that « the contrast between two types of branches

is, however, not alwavs pronounced, in fact one occasionally fmds

specimens in which the main axis are scarcely distinguishable ».

In this connection the work of Suomalanien (1933) is of some

interest. He showed that the Chemical composition of the nutrient

medium also influenced the extent of branching, the hair produc¬

tion and the general appearance of D. glomerata grown in cultures.

He observed that in a nitrogen-rich medium, the cells of the main

Source : MNHN. Paris

DRAPA RNALD IA PLI 1 MO SA

127

axis became smaller, wholly similar to those of the laterals (cf.

also U s pe,N s k a J a, 1930) and the hair growth almost stopped. On

the other hand, branching and hair-building increased with in-

crease in light intensity and C0 2 concentration.

In the présent study, the factors mainly involved appear to be

the physical nature of the substratum and aération, more than

the Chemical factors, sinee the same medium has been employed

in the préparation of liquid and agar cultures.

SUMMARY

The karvology of Draparnaldia plumosa (Vauch.) Ag. was des-

cribed and the chromosome number was determind to be 14. Mor-

phological appearance of the alga was found to be strikingly dis-

similar between the materials growing in nature, in liquid medium

and on agar. The probable reasons for the variation were consi-

dered.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

My grateful thanks are due to Dr M. B. E. Godward, University

of London, for the valuable guidance and criticism.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bharadwaja Y. — A new species of Draparnaldiopsis (D. indica sp.

nov.). — New Phylol., 32, 165-74, 1933.

Ferguson J. M. — On the mitotic division of Draparnaldia glomerala.

— Ann. Bot. Lond., 46, 61-75, 1932.

Fritsch F. E. — The structure and reproduction of the Algae. — Vol. I,

Cambridge Univ. Press, 1933.

Godward M. B. E. — Life-cycle of Sligeoclonium amoenum Kutz. —

New Phytot., 41, 293-301, 1942.

— _ The Iron Alum Acetocarmine method for Algae. — Nature, 161,

203, 1948.

— — On the Nucleolus and the Nucleolar-organising chromosomes of

Spirogyra. — Ann. Bot. Lond., N. S. 14, 39-53, 1950.

Hazen T. E. — The Ulotriehaceae and Chaetophoraceae of the United

States. — Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 11, 135-250, 1902.

Prescott G. W. — Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. — Cranbrook

Inslitute of Sciences, Michigan, 1951.

Pringsiif.im E. G. — Pure Cultures of Algae. — Cambridge, 1946.

Sarma Y. S. R. K. — Chromosome Numbers in Ulotrichales and other

allied groups. — Phycological Bull., 6, 22-24, 1958.

Singh R. N. — Nuclear phases and alternation of générations in Drapar¬

naldiopsis indica Bharadwaja. — New Phylol.. 44, 118-129, 1945.

— — Fritschiella tuberosa Iyeng. — Ann. Bot. Lond., N. S. 11, 159-

164, 1947.

128

Y. S. R. K. SARMA

Suomai-ainen E. — Uber den Einfluss Ausser Fackoren auf die Form-

bildung von Draparnaldia glomerata. — Ann. Bol. Sociétés Zoologicae

- Botanicae Fenn., 4, 1933.

Uspenskaja W. J. — Ueber die Physiologie der Ernahrung und die

Formen von Draparnaldia glomeratct Agardh. — Zeitschr. Bot., 22, 337-

93, 1930.

(Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University India).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I (PI. 9)

(Figs. 1 à 9).

Figs. 1-9. — Draparnaldia plumosa.

Fig. 1. — Material from the natural habitat. X 50.

Fig. 2. — Material growing in liquid culture. X 60.

Fig. 3. — Material growing on agar. X 50.

Fig. 4. — Resting nucléus from a cell of the main axis. « C » — Chromo-

centre. X 3 000.

Fig. 5 A. — Nucléus in prophase from a cell of the main axis. Ail chromo¬

somes are not seen at this focal level. X 3 000.

Fig. 5 B. — Reconstructed drawing of the prophase in 5 A from ail focal

levels showing 14 chromosomes.

Fig. 6 A. — Late prophase from a cell of short latéral. Only a few chromo¬

somes of the entire complément are seen at this focal level. X 3 000.

F’ig. 6 B. — Reconstructed drawing of the prophase in Fig. 6 A, from ail

focal levels. X 3 000.

Fig. 7 A and B. — Metaphase in polar view from a cell of short latéral and

its drawing respectively. Some chromosomes not fully in focus at the

level in 7 A are also represented in 7 B.

Fig. 8 A-C. — Anaphase from a cell of the main axis photographed at two

focal levels A and B; C : Reconstructed drawing of the anaphase from both

the focal levels. From the anaphase group on the left 14 chromosomes

hâve been counted. X 3 000.

Fig. 9. — Anaphase from a short latéral. X 3 000.

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N"e Sér. T VII; Pl. 9

Draparnaldia. Pl. I.

The Marine Algae of Guânica, Puerto Rico

by Luis R. ALMODOVAR (1).

Guânica is located on the Southern coast of Puerto Rico between

Guayanilla and La Parguera (see Fig. 1). The area lias been of bota-

nical interest since 21 january 1886 when it was visited by the

German botanist Paul Sintenis. Ile remained in Puerto Rico for

3 years from september 1884 to june 1887, time in which he col-

lected a considérable nitmber of marine algae. These specimens

were given to Dr. F. Hauck for study and classification. Results of

this work were published in 1888. A total of 26 species were repor-

ted for the area. They are : Peyssonnelia rubra (Grev.) J. Agardh,

Callithamnion sp., Centroceras clavulatum Agardh, Gracilaria

confervoides (L.) Greville, Gracilaria multipartita J. Agardh var.

angustissima Harvey, Rliabdonia tenera J. Agardh, Hypnea mus-

ciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux, Ilijpnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamou-

roux f. spinella Hauck, laurencia papillosa (Forsk.) Greville,

Acanthophora thierii Lamouroux, Pohjsiphonia pectinelta Harvey,

Sargassum vulgare Agardh, Padina commersoni Bory, Ectocarpus

duchassaingianus Grunow, Ectocarpus terminalis Kültzing, Ulva

lactuca (L.) Le Jolis f. genuina Hauck, Enteromorpha intestinalis

(L.) Link f. proliféra Hauck, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) J.

Agardh var. crinita Hauck, Chaetomorpha linum (Fl. Dan.) Ivut-

zing, Penicillus capitatus Lamarck, Udotea flabellata Lamouroux,

Halimeda opuntia (L.) Lamouroux, Halimeda tridens (Sol.) La-

mouroux, Caillerpa clavifera (Turn.) Agardh, Caulerpa crassifolia

Agardh var. mexicana J. Agardh, and Caulerpa plumaris (Forsk.)

Agardh.

(1) The writer wishes to express his appréciation to the New York Botanical

Garden for giving the opportunity to work at the Cryptogamie Herbarium. He

is indebted to Dr. Clark T. Rogerson, Cnrator, Cryptogamie Herbarium, and

Dr. David D. Keck, then, Head Curator, for providing an opportunity to study

Dr. Howe’s unnamed materials and for their courtesies while at the New York

Botanical Garden in the summer of 1958. Spécial thanks are due to several

individuals : Mrs. Mary Fleming, Technical Assistant for her coopération while

at the Garden; Dr. Paul R. Burkholder, Lamont Geological Observatory of

Columbia University, for his valuable suggestions while reading this paper;

Mr. Victor M. Rosado for his assistance while collecting algal material. Last but

not least he wishes to thank the National Science Foundation, U.S.A. for

support through grants 14020 and 25131.

130

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

No collecting of marine algae was done at Guânica until 1903

when Dr. M. À. Howe, of the New York Botanical Garden, spent

a week there. He has given a brief report (1903) in the Journal of

the New York Botanical Garden about localities visited on this

trip. A photograph of the red alga Amphiroa tribullus, collected

at Guânica is included.

Guânica was visited again by Dr. Howe in 1906. Although he

did not publish a separate report, Britton (1906) stated that

231 numbers of marine algae had been collected around the island.

In 1915, Dr. Howe returned to Puerto Rico, accompanied by

Dr. Raymond C. Osborn, of Columbia University, for the objeot of

studing bryozoans on marine plants and collecting marine algae.

Again, Guânica was visited on this trip. Through the courtesy of

Mr. F. T. Maxwell, the manager of Guânica Central at that time,

they were provided with living quarters and laboratories remai-

ning in that area for 3 weeks. A report (1915) is given in which

Dr. Hoave mentioned about collecting along the shores and in

shollow water in Guânica Harbor and at Ballena Bay. Dredging at

several depths was accomplished also.

There are no published reports of collections after Dr. Howe’s

trip in 1915.

Description of the Area.

The 17th of Mardi 1958, Guânica was visited by the writer

accompanied by Dr. Hugo L. Blomquist, Emeritus Professor of

Botany, Duke University, then, visiting professor, Institute of

Marine Biology, University of Puerto Rico. Several trips to Guâ¬

nica and vicinity hâve been made since 1961. The area comprises

the shores from Salinas de Guânica to an inlet west of Ventana,

Guayanilla. The stations studied are as follows : the numerous

mangrove islands off Cana Gorda the shoreline at Cana Gorda,

Ballena Bay Rocky Coast, and a small inlet west of Ventana.

The numerous mangrove islands provided little variety. The

channels between the islands and close to the Rhizophora roots are

about 15 feet deep. Water is murky with Secchi disk readings of

less than 8 feet. The current is fast with algae attached to the

uppermost section of the root near the surface of the water. A

coral reef exlends from Punta Jacinto due west to the end of the

chain of islands. Surf is strong on the windward shore. It was

found devoid of microscopie algae. Behind the reef, in front of

mangroves, and extending for 300 feet at some places, there are

Porites and Thalassia.

Source : MNHN, Paris

MAR CARIBE

132

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

The shoreline at Cana Gorda is characterized by Rhizophora

thickets. Water is shallow, with Thalassia growing up to the man¬

grove root zone.

Ballena Bay rocky coast, and a small inlet west of \ entana,

provided a grat number of species. The water is clear and rough,

specially near the big boulders. Collections were made down 2o

feet with the help of swimming fins, snorkels, and a face mask.

No attempt has been made as to the distribution of species in

relation to season, depth, and substratc. Dredging was carried ont

by Dr. Howe at varions depths. His collections were taken at the

mouth of Guànica Harbor, east, west, and south of the Bay and in

open waters. Depths ranged from shallow water near the man¬

groves to 40-50 meters. The area comprises several habitats such

as that privided by mangrove roots to the fiat rocky bottom oll

the mouth of Guânica Harbor.

Guânica Bay area is becoming heavily industrialized. Industrial

wastes will become a hazard to the biological life of the area if

proper methods of disposai are not taken. It is the hope that the

Goverment of Puerto Rico takes measures in order to protect such

an interesting area.

Results.

Guânica and vicinity provided a total of 108 species. These arc

represented as follows : C.hlorophijta, 17 families, 11 généra,

22 species; Phaeophyta, 4 families, 9 généra, 15 species: Rhodo-

phytn, 16 families, 42 généra, 71 species. These include ail those

collected by the writer and a great number by Dr. Marshall.

A. Howe. The Howe spécimens hâve not been reported before in the

literaturc. This Collection was made available through the courtesy

of The New York Botanical Garden. Soine of the material included

in the summer of 1958 when the writer had the privilège to visit the

Garden, the rest has been studicd at the laboratory, Institute of

Marine Biology, La Parguera, Puerto Rico.

Twenty species are reported for the first time for Puerto Rico,

so far as known.

Catalogue of Species.

Abbreviations used to designate the location of spécimens

conform to those proposed in the Index Herbariorum, Part 1,

Ed 4 (1959). Exceptions (not found in the Index) arc indicated by

an asterik. They are Follows : AL, Dept. of Botany, University of

Adélaïde, «COI.' Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia Uni-

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

133

versity, *D, Herbarium of Francis Drouet, DUKE, Herbarium of

Duke University, '“IIP, Herbarium, Instituto de Investigationes

Pesqueras, Espana, *IMB, Algal Herbarium, Institute of Marine

Biology, University of Puerto Rico, *IU, Herbarium of Isamu

Umezaki, L — Rijksherbarium, Leiden, NY — Herbarium, New

York Botanical Garden, UC — Herbarium, University of Califor¬

nia and US — U.S. National Muséum

Names with an astcrisk indicate that is the first published

record, so far as know, from Puerto Rico.

Chlorophyta

ULVACEAE

Ulvci fasciata Delile

Attached to rocks and shells, in shallow water, near El Faro,

H. L. B lo m quist & L. R. Almodovar 3138, 17 Mar. 1958 (IMB).

Ulva lacluca L. var. rigida (C. Ag.) Le Jolis

On rocks, in about 6 ft. of water, west of Guânica Bay,

H. L. Blomquist 13022, 31 Mar. 1942 (DUKE, IMB); on rocks,

behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay, L. R. Almodovar

& V. M. Rosado 4341, 4 Nov. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

CLADOPHORACEAE

Cladophora fascicularis (Mert.) Kützing

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4327, 4 Nov. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, 1MB, L, NY, UC, US).

DASYCLADACEAE

Acetabularin crenulata Lamouroux

On shells, in inud, shallow water, near El Faro, between

Guânica Bay and Caria Gorda, H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar

3135, 17 Mar. 1958 (AD, D, DUKE, IIP, IMB, IU, NY).

VALONIACEAE

Clmmaedoris peniculum (E. & S.) Kuntze

On rocks in about 15 feet of water, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado 4454, 28 Mar. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

*Siphonocladus tropicus (Crouan) J. Agardh

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4442, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC,

US).

134

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

BRYOPSIDACEAE

Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4433, 4 Nov. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, sraall inlet, west of Ventana,

R. L. Almadovar & V. M. Rosado 444 6, 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

CAULERPACEAE

Gaulerpa cupressoides (West) Agardh

Guânica : On reefs and cays, conimon in 2-6 din. of water Rhizo-

phora association, M. A. Howe 7261, 30 June 1915 (IMB, NY).

*Caulerpa lanuginosa J. Agardh

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, between Ventana and

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rovado 44 27, 16 Feb. 1962

(COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Caulerpa microphysa (Weber van Bosse) Feldmann

Dredged in 7 meters of water off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7391, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

Caulerpa proliféra (Forsk.) Lamouroux f. obovata J. Agardh

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4354,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Caulerpa proliféra (Forsk.) Lamouroux f. zosterifolia Bôrgesen

In mud, near El Faro, L. R. Almodovar 3740, 17 Mar. 1958 (DU¬

KE, IMB, IU, NY) ; on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado 4355, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, NY).

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) J. Agardh

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, between Ventana and

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 44 20, 16 Feb. 1962

(D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY). L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4434,

16 Feb. 1962 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Caulerpa serlularioides (Gmel.) Howe

In mud, shallow water near El Faro, H. L. Blomquist & L. R.

Almodovar 3743, 17 Mar. 1958 (DUKE, IMB, IU, NY).

Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh

On rocks, near mangrove roots, Km. 5 H. 1, road to Cana Gorda,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3920, 7 Feb. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC. US).

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

135

CODÏACEAE

Codium isthmocladum Vickers

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4331, 4 Nov. 1961 (IMB).

Halimeda discoidea Decaisne

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Bellena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4326, 4 Nov. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC); on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar

& V. M. Rosado 4348, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks,

small inlet, west of Vemtana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado

4429, 16 Feb. 1962 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Halimeda monile (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4342, 4 Nov. 1961 (DUKE, IMB,

L, NY); on rocks, in about 15 feet of water, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4452, 28 Mar. 1962 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Penicillus capitatus Lamarck

In mud, shallow water, among mangrove roots, near Cana

Gorda, H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3154, 3155, 17 Mar.

1958 (IMB).

Penicillus lamourouxii Decaisne

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4428, 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

Udotea conglutinala (EU. & Sol.) Lamouroux

On sand, among mangrove roots, near El Faro, H. L. Blomquist

& L. R. Almodovar 3148, 17 Mar. 1958 (IMB).

Udotea flabellum (Eli. & Soll.) Lamouroux

On sand, among mangrove roots, near El Faro, H. L. Blomquist

& L. R. Almodovar 3147, 17 Mar. 1958 (IMB); on rocks, Tama¬

rindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4363, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB).

Pheophyta

ECTOCARPACEAE

Ectocarpus brevarticulalus J. Agardh

On mangrove roots, Islands olï San Jacinto, Cana Gorda,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3924, 7 Feb. 1961 (COL, D,

136

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

DUKE, IMB, I-, NY, UC, US); on rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet

of water, Ballena Bay, L. R. Almodovar & V. M, Rosado 4338,

4 Nov. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC).

DICTYOTACEAE

Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Laniouroux

On rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4332, 4 Nov, 1961 (COL, D, DUKE.

IMB, L, NY, UC, US); on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado -1360, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB, NY).

Dictyota divaricata Lamouroux

On rocks, sandy beach, Tamarindo, Cana Gorda, L. R. Almodovar

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4332, 4 Nov. 1961 (Col, L, DUKE,

& V. M. Rosado 3951, 16 Feb. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Dictyota indien Sonder

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado U26. 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

Spatoglosum schroederi (Mert.) Kützing

Washed ashore on sandy beach, near Tamarindo, Cana Gorda,

L. R. Almodsvar & V. M. Rosado 3930, 15 Feb. 1961 (COL, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY); on rocks, in sand, in strong wave action, Tamarindo,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 39k 7, 16 Feb. 1961 (IMB); on

rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4351,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, small inlet,

west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4437, 16 Feb.

1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Dictyopteris delicatula Lamouroux

On rocks, in sand, in strong wave action, Tamarindo, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3950, 16 Feb. 1961 (IMB); on rocks,

small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado

4438, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Dictyopteris justii Lamouroux

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4347,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of

Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4432, 16 Feb. 1962

(DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Pocokiella variegnta (Lamx.) Papenfuss

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4436, 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

137

Stijpopodium zonale (Lamx.) Papenfuss

On rocks, in about 15 feet of water, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado 4456, 28 Mar. 1962 (D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Padina gymnospora (Kütz.) Vickers

Attached on rocks, shallow water, near El Faro, H. L. Blomquist

& L. R. Almodovar 3139, 17 Mar. 1958 (IMB) ; on rocks, in strong

wave action, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3945,

16 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US); on rocks,

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4361, 6-8 Dec. 1961

(COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC).

Padina vickersiae Hoyt

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4449, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

PUNCTARIACEAE

*Rosenvingea intricata (J. Ag.) Bdrgesen

Washed ashore in abundance, Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

2587, 26 June 1903 (IMB, NY).

SARGASSACEAE

Sargassum lendigerum (L.) Kützing

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4441, 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

Sargassum platycarpum Montagne

On rocks, in sand, in strong wave action, Tamarindo, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3949, 16 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Sargassum polijceratium Montagne

Washed ashore, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3939, 15 Feb.

1961 (IMB); on rocks, in sand, strong wave action, Tamarindo,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3948, 16 Feb. 1961 (IMB).

Rhodophyta

BANGIACEAE

*Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillw.) J. Agardh

On Acanthophora spicifera, on reef, east of mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7308, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

138

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE

Liagora mucosa M. A. Howe

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4425, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY,

UC, US).

CHAETANGIACEAE

Galaxaura cylindrica (Eli. & Sol.) Lamouroux

On rociks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4336, 4 Nov. 1961 (D, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY).

Galaxaura marginata (E. & S.) Lamouroux

Washed ashore, near Tamarindo, Cana Corda, L. R. Almodovar

& V. M. Rosado 3926, 3938, 15 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB,

L, NY, UC, US); on rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water,

Ballena Bay, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4335, 4338, 4 Nov.

1961 (IMB); on rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena

Bay, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4339, 4 Nov. 1961 (COL,

D, DUKE, IMB, L NY, UC) ; on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almadovar

& V. M. Rosado 4362, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Galaxaura oblongata (E. & S.) Lamouroux

On rocks, near mangrove roots, Km 5 H 1, road to Cana Gorda,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3919, 7 Feb. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

BONNEM AI SONI ACE AE

*Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Collins & Hervey

Dredged in 7 m of water, ofï the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7395, 4 July 1915, (IMB, NY) ; dredged in 15 m. of water, off

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 1430, 4 July 1915 (IMB,

NY); on rocks, in about 15 feet of water, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4455, 28 Mar. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY,

UC, US).

GELIDIACEAE

Gelidiella acerosa (Forsk.) Feldmann & Hamel

Collected at mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 6983,

21 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 12 meters of water east of

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7063, 23 June 1915

(NY); in 2-6 dm. of water on reef, east of mouth of Guânica

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

139

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7306, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, Tama-

rindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4340, 6-8 Dec. 1961

CCOL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC) ; on rocks, small inlet, west

of Ventana and Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado

4433, 16 Feb. 1962 (DUKE, IMB, NY).

Gelidium corneum (Huds.) Lamouroux

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4364,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana,

and Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4423, 16 Feb.

1962 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

CORALLINACEAE

Melobesia membranacea (Esper) Lamouroux

On D. dentata, dredged in 9-12 meters of water, east of the

mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7060, 23 June (IMB, NY);

on Thalassia, dredged in 6-8 meters of water, Pardas Bay,

M. A. Howe 7243, 29 June 1915 (IMB, NY); on Caulerpa crassifolia,

east of the mouth off Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7443, 4 July

1915 (NY).

Amphiroa fragilissima (L.) Lamouroux

Islas ofT San Jacinto, Caiïa Gorda, on mangrove roots, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3025, 7 Feb. 1961 (LUKE, IMB, L,

NY).

Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux var. antillana Bôrgesen

Dredged olï Bahia Salinas, west of Punta Brea, in 15-20 meters

of waters, L. R. Amodovar, J. Rivera, P. & F. Rosado 3863,

28 Sept. 1959 (IMB).

*Corallina cubensis (Mont.) Kutzing

Washed ashore in great quantities, Ballena Bay, M. A. Howe

6921, 20 June 1915, (IMB, NY); dredged in 7-10 meters of water,

at mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7009, 22 June 1915

(IMB, NY); dredged in 10 m of water, off the mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7231, 29 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in

7 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7427, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); on Vidalia, dredged in 14 meters,

off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7 639, 10 July 1915

(NY).

140

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

Corallina subnlata El lis & Solander

Dredged in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7U28, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 13 meters

of water, off Pt. Brea, Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7619, 10 July

1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water,

Ballena Bay, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado U33i, 4 November

1961 (IMB).

GRATELOUPIACEAE

Halimenia floresia (Clem.) Ag.

Dredged in 6 m. of water, Pardas Bay, near Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 72U0, 29 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 6 m. of

water, off mouth Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7355, 2 July 1915

(NY) ; dredged in 7 m. of water, off mouth Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7i00, 4 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 13 m. of water, off P(t.

Brea, near Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7623, 10 July 1915 (NY).

Grateloupia filicina (Wulf.) C. Agardh

One stones at 1 t. m., M. A. Howe 2593, 26 june 1903 (IMB, NY) ;

on stones,, n. 1 t. m., M. A. Howe 6920, 19 June 1915 (IMB, NY).

Cryptonemia crenulala J. Agardh

On old gorgonian, dredged in 10 meters of water, off the mouth

of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 723A, 29 June 1915 (IMB, NY).

GRACILARIACEAE

Gracilaria crassissima (Crouan) J. Agardh

In 2 dm. of water, in surge, mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7375, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

*Gracilaria curtissiae J. Agardh

On rocks, n. 1. t. in., M. A. Howe 2650, 28 June 1903 (NY);

floating, M. A. Howe 6970, 21 Junes 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in

7-10 meters of water at mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7007, 22 June 1915 (NY).

Gracilaria damaecornis J. Agardh

On rocks in shallow water, east side of Guânica Bay, H. L. Blom-

quist 12A06, 7 Jan. 1942 (DUKE, IMB); on rocks, near mangrove

roots, Km. 5 H. 1, road to Cana Gorda, L. R. Almadovar & V. M.

Rosado 3921, 7 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US);

on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado U22, 16 Feb. 1962 (D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO 141

Gracilaria debilis (Forsk.) Rargesen

Dredged in 15 meters of water ofï the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7448, 10 July 1915 (IMB, NY); Washed ashore, on

sandy beach near Tamarindo, Cana Gorda, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 3929, 15 Feb. 1961 (DUKE, 1MB, NY); on rocks,

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4 352, 6-8 Dec. 1961

(COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L NY).

*Gracilaria domingensis Sonder

On rocks, l.t.m., Lemon Bay, M. A. Howe 2631, 27 June 1903

(IMB, NY) ; 1. t. m., M. A. Howe 6918, 19 June 1915 (IMB, NY) ; on

rocks, 3-6 dm., M. A. Howe 6976, 21 June 1915 (IMB, NY) ; was¬

hed ashore, Cana Gorda, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3927,

15 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US) ; on rocks strong

wave action Tamarindo,, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3942, 16

Feb. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of

Ventena, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 444 3, 16 Feb. 1962 (IMB).

Gracilaria ferox J. Agardh

On rocks, n.l.t.m., reef east of mouih of Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7330, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY) ; dredged in 7 m. of water, at

mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 74 13, 22 June 1915 (NY).

Gracilaria foliifcra (Forsk.) Bôrgesen

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4 358,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

Gracilaria mammillaris (Mont.) M. A. Howe

On rocks, n.l.t.m., M. A. Howe 2645, 28 June 1903 (NY); dred¬

ged in 7-10 meters of water, at mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7011, 22 June 1915 (NY); on rocks, shallow water, near El

Faro, H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3747, 17 Mar. 1958 (AD,

D, DUKE, IIP, IMB, IU, NY); on rocks, shallow water, near El

Faro, H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3151, 17 Mar. 1958

(DUKE, IMB, IU, NY); washed ashore, on sandy beach, near

Tamarindo, Câna Gorda, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3928,

15 Feb. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of

Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4424, 16 Feb. 1962

(IMB).

Gracilaria sjoestedtii Kylin

Washed ashore, M. A. Howe 2586, 25 June 1903 (IMB, NY); on

stones, M. A. Howe 6923, 19 June 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, shal-

142

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

Jow water, near El Faro, between Cana Gorda & Guanica Bay,

H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3142, 17 Mar. 1958 (IMB).

Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenfuss

Prope Guanica ad Playa, P. Sintenis 77, 23 I 1886 (L.) ; dredged

in 6 meters of water, Pardas Bay, M. A. Howe 7241, 29 June 1915

(NY); dredged off Bahia Salinas, west of Punta Brea, in 15-20

meters of water, L. R. Almodovar, J. Rivera, P. & F. Rosado 3864,

28 sept. 1959 (IMB) ; on rocks, sandy beach, Tamarindo, Cana Gor¬

da, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3940, 16 Feb. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

SOLIERIACEAE

Agardhiella ramosissima (Harvey) Kylin

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4359,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB).

Agardhiella tenera (Ag.) Schmita

Dredged in 7-10 meters of water, at mouth of Guanica Harbor, M.

A. Howe 7019, 22 June 1915 (NY).

*Eucheuma acanlhocladum (Harv.) J. Agardh

Dredged in 15 meters of water, ofT Guanica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7447, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

Euchenma echinocarpum Areschoug

Dredged in 40-50 meters of water, east of the mouth of Guanica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7097, 23 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in

14 meters of water, off mouth of Guanica Larbor, M. A. Howe

7641, 10 July 1915 (NY); washed ashore, Cana Gorda, L. R. Almo¬

dovar & V. M. Rosado 3935, 15 Feb. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, NY); on

rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay, L. R. Almo¬

dovar & V. M. Rosado 4329, 4 Nov. 1961 (D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY);

on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado 4421, 16 Feb. 1962 (L, DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

HYPNEACEAE

*Hypnea cornuta (Lamour.) J. Agardh

In 2 dm. of water, in shallow places behind a reef, Ballena Bay,

M. A. Howe 6949, 20 June 1915 (IMB, NY).

Hijpnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux

Verv common on rocks a various algae, in 1-2 feet w.l.t. mouth

of Guanica Harbor, M. A. Howe 2649, 28 June 1903 (NY); on

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

143

rocks in 3 dm. of water, mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

6975, 21 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 7 meters of water ofî

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7419, 4 July 1915 (NY);

on rocks, near mangrove roots, Km. 5 H. 1, road to Cana Gorda,

L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3916, 7 Feb. 1961 (COL, D,

DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US); on rocks, in sand, etc., strong wave

action, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3943, 16 Feb.

1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana

and Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4440, 16 Feb.

1962 (DUKE, IMB, NY).

Hypnea spinella (C. Ag.) Kützing

On rocks, shallow water near El Faro, H. L. Blomquist &

L. R. Almodovar 3153, 17 Mar. 1958 (AD, D, DUKE, IIP, IMB, IU,

NY).

RHODYMENIACEAE

*Chrijsijmenici enteromorpha Harvey

Dredged in 8 m. of water off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,.

M. A. Howe 7591, 10 July 1915 (NY).

*Coelarthrum albertisii (Piccone) Bôrgesen

On bases of D. dentata, etc., dredged in 9-12 meters of water,

east of the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7077, 23 June

1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of

Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7401, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dred¬

ged, in 15 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 74 32, 4 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 9 meters of water,

ofî the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7603, 10 July

1915 (NY).

CHAMPIACEAE

Coelothrix irregularis (Harv.) Bôrgesen

On rocks, at l.t.m., Salinas Bay, M. A. Howe 2681, 29 June 1903

(IMB, NY).

Champia parvula (Ag.) Harvey

Dredged in 7-10 meters of water, at mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7013, 22 June 1915 (NY); with algae in shallow

water on reef, east of mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7 309, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 15 meters of water off

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 74 31, 4 July 1915 (NY);

144

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

dredged in 8 m. of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A.

Howe 7593, 8 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 9 meters of water, ofT

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7402, 10 July 1915

(NY); dredged, in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7406, 10 July 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, in

about 15 feet of water, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4453,

28 Mar. 1962 (IMB, NY).

Champin salicornioides Harvey

Dredged, in 9 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7604, 10 July 1915 (NY).

CERAMIACEAE

Crouania altenuata (Bonnem.) J. Agardh

On Corallina, etc., n.l.t.in., east of the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7318, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 12 meters,,

collected east of the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7348,

1 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of

Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7415, 4 July 1915 (NY).

Wrangelia argus Montagne

On coral rocks, n.l.t.m., Salinas Bay, M. A. Howe 2673, 29 June

1903 (IMB, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, between

Ventana and Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4448,

16 Feb. 1962 (IMB, NY).

Wrangelia bicuspidata Borgesen

Dredged in 7-10 meters of water at mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7014, 22 June 1915 (NY); dredged in 7 meters of

water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7397, 4 July

1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 9 meters of water, off the mouth of

Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7606, 10 July 1915 (NY).

Wrangelia penicellala C. Agardh

Dredged in 7 meters of water, off Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7 403, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 9 meters of water, off

the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7605, 10 July 1915 (NY).

*Callithamnion bgssoides Arnott in Hooker

Floating at Ballena Bay near Guânica, M. A. Howe 6932, 20 June

1915 (NY).

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

145

*Callithamnion herveyi M. A. Howe

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar &

V. M. Rosado 4445, lfi Feb. 1902 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L NY-

UC, US).

*Griffithsia globulifera Harvey

Dredged in 15 meters of water, off the mouth of Guànica Har-

bor, M. A. Howe 74J3, 15 July 1915 (NY).

»Spermothamnion gorgoneum (Mont.) Bornet

On Codium, dredged in 6 meters of water, off the mouth of Guà-

nica Harbor, M. A. Howf. 7366, 2 July 1915 (NY); dredged in

7 meters of water, ofT the mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe

74 05 , 4 July 1915 (NY).

Ceramium byssoideum Harvey

On Spyridia, floating, Ballena Bay, M. A. Howe 6939, 20 June

1915 (NY); on roots of Rhizophora, n.l.t.m., west of mouth of

Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7275, 30 June 1915 (IMB, NY); on

Laurencia, n.l.t.m., mouth of Guànica Larbor, M. A. Howe 73U,

1 July 1915 (IMB. NY); washed ashore, Tamarindo, L. R. Almo¬

dovar & V. M. Rosado 3931, 15 Feb. 1901 (IMB).

* Ceramium fastigiatum (Roth) Harvey

Detached, M. A. Howe 2672, 29 June 1903 (IMB, NY).

Ceramium nitens (Ag.) J. Agardh

Dredged, olf Bahia Salinas, west of Punta Brea, in 15-20 meters

ol' water, L. R. Almodovar, J. Rivera, P. & F. Rosado 385S, 3860,

28 Sept. 1959 (IMB).

Centrocerns clavulatum (C. Ag.) Montagne

Washed ashore, M. A. Howe 2600, 2(1 June 1903 (NY) ; on stones,

n-l-t-m., M. A. Howe 2651, 28 June 1903 (IMB, NY); on a stick,

n.l.t.m., Ballena Bay, M. A. Howe 6912, 20 June 1915 (IMB, NY);

dredged in 7 meters of water, at the mouth of Guànica Harbor,

M. A. IIowe 7017, 22 June 1915 (NY) ; on roots of Rhizophora, n.l.t.

m., Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7038, 23 June 1915 (IMB, NY) in

shallow water, Playa de Guànica, M. A. Howe 7 230, 29 June 1915

(IMB, NY) ; in Thalassia, shallow water, in Rhizophora association,

Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7045, 4 July 1915 (NY) ; on reef, n.l.

Im., east of the mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7335, 1 July

1915 (IMB, NY); dredged off Bahia Salinas, west of Punta Brea,

Source : MNHN, Paris

146

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

in over 20 meters of water, épiphytic on other algae, L. R. Almodo¬

var, J. Rivera, P. & F. Rosaoo 3871, 28 Sept. 1959 (IMB).

Spyi'idia aculeata (Schrimp.) Kützing

Floating, Ballena Bay, near Guânica, M. A. Howe 6937, 20 June

1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of

Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7420, 4 July 1915 (NY); dredged in

15 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7438, 4 July 1915 (NY); on rocks, shallow water, near mangroves,

near El Faro, between Cana Gorda and Guânica Bay, H. L. Blom-

quist & L. R. Almodovar 3136, 17 Mar. 1958 (AD, DUKE, IIP,

IMB, IU, NY); on rocks, in sand, etc., strong wave action, Tama-

rindo L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 39U, 16 Feb. 1961 (IMB);

on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4346,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (DUKE, IMB, L, NY).

*Spyridia clavata Kützing

Floating, Ballena Bay, M. A. Howe 6938, 20 June 1915 (IMB, NY).

Spyridia filamentosa (Wulf.) Harvey

Washed ashore, M. A. Howe 2597, 26 June 1903 (NY); on roots

of mangroves, near l.t.m., Lemon Bay, M. A. Howe 2607, 27 June

1903 (NY); dredged in 7-10 meters of water at mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7015, 7016, 22 June 1915 (NY); common in

1-6 dm. of water, shallow water, in Rhizophora association, Guâ¬

nica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7036, 23 June 1915 (NY); in 9 meters

of water, Salinas Cove, near Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7224,

27 June 1915 (NY); dredged in 8 meters of water, Pardas Bay,

near Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7245, 29 June 1915 (NY); very

common in shallow water, in Rhizophora-1 halassia association,

West of mouth Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7267, 30 June 1915

(NY); washed ashore, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M.

Rosado 393k, 15 Feb. 1961 (IMB).

DELESSERIACEAE

*Hypoglossum tenuifolium (Harvey) J. Agardh

In 30 meters of water, Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7351, 1 July

1915 (NY).

Martensia pavonia (Ag.) J. Agardh

Dredged in 7 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7398, 4 July 1915 (NY) ; dredged in 8 meters of water,

off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7592, 8 July 1915

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

147

(NY) : dredged in 9 meters of water, of the rnouth of Guànica Har-

bor, M. A. Howe 7601, 10 July 1915 (NY).

DASYACEAE

Dasya mollis Harvey

On roots of Rhizophora Lemon Bay, M. A. Hoxve 2613 07 j une

1903 (IMB, NY).

Heterosiphonoa wurdemanni (Bail.) Falkenberg

On rocks, small inlet, West of Ventana, between Ventana and

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4447 10 Sent

1962 (1MB, NY). ’ 1 '

Dictyurus occidentalis J. Agardh

Dredged in 14 maters of water, ofT the mouth of Guànica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7631, 10 July 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, in about

l.> feet of water, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4457, 28 Mar

1962 (D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC).

RHODOMELACEAE

Polysiphonia howei Hollemberg

Dredged in 40-50 meters of water, east of the mouth of Guànica

Ilarbor, M. A. Howe 7 085, 23 June 1915 (IMB).

Rryolhamnion seaforthii (Turn.) Kützing

Washed ashore, mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7372,

4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, shallow water, protected cove!

near El haro, H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3137 17 Mar

1958 (ADU, D, DUKE, IIP, IMB, IU, NY) ; on rocks, near mangrove

roots. Km. 5 H. 1, road to Caria Gorda, L. R. Almodovar & V M

Rosado 3975, 7 Feh. 1901 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US);'

en rocks, behind a reef, in 5-10 feet of water, Ballena Bay, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4343, 4 Nov. 1961 (COL D DUKE

1MB, L, NY, UC, US).

tirijothamnion triquetrum (Gmel.) Howe

^ On rocks, near I.t.m., Lemon Bay, M. A. Howe 2603, 27 June

1903 (IMB, NY); on rocks, in 3-6 dm., mouth of Guànica Harbor

M. A. Howe 6967, 21 June 1915 (IMB, NY) ; dredged in 9-12 meters’,

east of the mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7079, 23 June

1915 (IMB, NY’): unattached and vegetating among Rhizophora ,

n.U.m., east of ^the mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe’

'110, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 7 meters of water,

148

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7426 4 July

191!j (NY): attached to rocks, shallow water near El raro

H. L. Blomquist & L. R. Almodovar 3114, 17 Mar. 1958 (DUKE,

1MB, NY); on rocks, near mangrove roots, Km. 5 H. 1, road

to Cana Gorda, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3914, i bob.

1961 (COL. Il, DUKE, 1MB, L, NY, UC, US); on rocks, small

inlet west of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M- Rosado U39,

16 Feb. 1962 (DUKE, 1MB, NY).

Digencn simplex (Wulf.) C. Agardh

Floating, Ballena Bay near Guânica, M. A. Howe 6960, 20 June

1915 (NY).

Lophocladia trichoclados (Mert.) Schmitz

Dredged in 7 meters of water, oit tire mouth of Guânica Harbor.

M. A. Howe 7 396, 4 July 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 15 meters

of water, off the mouth of Guànica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7429,

4 Julv 1915 (IMB, NY); dredged in 8 meters of water, oll the

mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7591, 8 July 1915 (NY) :

dredged in 9 meters of water, of the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7 609, 10 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

Murrayella periclados (Ag.) Schmitz

On rocks, low littoral, M. A. Howe 2625, 27 June 1903 (IMB,

NY); on roots of Rhizophora, n.l.t.m., shallow water in Rhizophora

association, Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7049, 23 June 19b>

(IMB NY)' on roots of Rhizophora, between tide marks, Sahnas

Cove,’ near Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7210, 27 June 1915 (NY)

on roots of Rhizophora, just above l.t.m., west of the mouth ol

Guânica Harbor. M. A. Howe 7276, 30 June 1915 (NY); in shallow

water, in Rhizophora association, east of Guânica Harbor, M. A

Howe 72.55, 1 July 1915 (NY).

Bostrychia tenella (Vahl) J. Agardh

On roots of Rhizophora, n.l.t.m., east of the mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7307, 1 July 1915 (IMB, NY).

Amansia multifida Lamouroux

Dredged in 13 meters of water, off Pt. Brea, near Guànica Har-

bor M. A. Howe 7620, 7636, 1U July 1915 (IMB, NY) ; on rocks

Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado ijjôO, 6-8 Dec. 191)

(COL. D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

THE MARINE ALGAE OF GUANICA, PUERTO RICO

149

Chondria littoralis Harvey

Dredged, in 13 raeters of water, Pt. Brea, near Guânica, M. A.

Howe 7624-, 10 Julv 1915 (NY); on rocks, in sand, strong wave

action, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3941, 16 Feb.

1961 (IMB, NY); on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado U19, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, L, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Vidnlia obfusiloba (Mert.) J. Agardh

Dredged in 7 meters of water, olï the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7 411, 4 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 15 meters of

water, otf the mouth of Guânica Harbor M. A. Howe 7 435, 4 July

1915 (NY) ; dredged in 14 meters of water, olï the mouth of

Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7638, 10 July 1915 (NY); washed

ashore, on sandy beach, near Tamarido, Cana Gorda, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 3933 , 15 Feb. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY, UC, US) ; on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V.

M. Rosado 4357, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB).

Acanthopbora muscoides (L.) Bory

On rocks, Tamarindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4344,

6-8 Dec. 1961 (COL, D, DUKE, IMB, L, NY, UC) ; on rocks, small

inlet, weslt of Ventana, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4444,

16 Feb. 1962 (IMB, NY); on rocks, in about 15 feet of water, L.

R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4451, 28 Mar. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

Acanlhophorn spicifera (Vahl) Bôrgesen

On stones near l.t.m., M. A. Howe 2594, 26 June 1903 (NY);

very common, Lemon Bay, M. A. Howe 2664, 27 June 1903 (NY);

in 2 dm. of water, in shallow place behind a reef, Ballena Bay,

near Guânica, M. A. Howe 6948, 20 June 1915 (IMB, NY); dred¬

ged in 9-12 meters of water, east of the mouth of Guânica Harbor,

M. A. Howe 7078, 23 June 1915 (NY); in shallow water, in Rhizo-

phora association, Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7042, 23 June

1915 (NY); dredged in 7 meters of water, olï the mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7410, 4 July 1915 (NY).

*Laurencia microcladia Kiiitz.

On rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana and Tamarindo, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4430, 16 Feb. 1962 (COL, D, DUKE,

IMB, L, NY, UC, US).

150

LUIS R. ALMODOVAR

Laurencia obtusa (Huds.) Lamx

On surf between rocks, M. A. Howe 2638, 28 June 1903 (IMB,

NY); on rocks, n.l.t.m., Salinas Bay, M. A. Howe 2679, 29 June

1903 (IMB, NY); on rocks in 3-6 dm. of water, mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 6977, 21 June 1915 (IMB, NY) ; dredged in

9 meters of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe

7378, 4 July 1915 (NY); on rocks in shallow water, west side of

Guânica Bay, H. L. Blomquist 13010, 31 Mar. 1942 (DUKE, IMB) ;

on rocks, small inlet, west of Ventana, between Ventana and Tama-

rindo, L. R. Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4 435, 16 Feb. 1962 (DUKE,

IMB, L, NY); on rocks, near l.t.m., Lemon Bay, M. A. Howe 263k,

27 June 1903 (NY).

Laurenca papillosa (Forsk.) Greville

On rocks at lt.tm., Salinas Bay, M. A. Lowe 2682, 29 June 1903

(IMB, NY); on rocks, in 1-6 dm. of water, mouth of Guânica Har¬

bor, M. A. Howe 6969, 21 June 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks and

stones, Salinas Cove near Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7205, 27

June 1915 (IMB, NY); common in 2-6 dm. of water, behind a

reef, east of the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 7 305, 1

July 1915 (IMB, NY); on rocks, in shallow water, west side of

Guânica Bay, H. L. Blomquist 13006, 31 Mar. 1942 (DUKE, IMB);

on rocks at low water mark, Guânica Bay H. L. Blomquist 13035,

31 Mar. 1942 (DUKE, IMB).

Laurencia poitei (Lamx.) M. A. Howe

Dredged in 40-50 meters of water, east of mouth of Guânica

Harbor, M. A. Howe 7107, 23 June 1915 (NY); dredged in 6 meters

of water, off the mouth of Guânica Harbor, M. A. Howe 736k,

2 July 1915 (NY); dredged in 7 meters of water, M. A. Howe 74 12,

4 July 1915 (NY); dredged of Bahia Salinas, west of Punta Brea,

in 15-20 meters of water, L. R. Almodovar, J. Rivera, P. & F.

Rosado 3851, 28 Sept. 1959 (IMB); on rocks, Tamarindo, L. R.

Almodovar & V. M. Rosado 4345, 6-8 Dec. 1961 (IMB, NY).

Literature Cited

Britton N. L. — Recent botanical exploration in Puerto Rico. — Jour.

N. Y. Bol. Gard. 7 (77) : 125-139, 1906.

Hauck F. — Meeresalgen von Puerto Rico. — Bol. Jahrb. Engler 9 :

457-470, 1888.

Howe M. A. — Report on a trip to Puerto Rico. — Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

5 : 164-166, 1903.

Howe M. A. - Report on a visit to Puerto Rico for collecting marine

algae. — Jour. N. Y. Bol. Gard. 5 : 219-225, 1915.

Algae of Southern Arizona

Part. Il Algal Flora (Exclusive of Blue-Green Algae)

Roy E. CAMERON.

The algal llora of Southern Arizona is represented primarily by

blue-green algae occurring in desert areas. A description of the

blue-green algae collected and examined was given in the previous

issue of this publication. These algae, along with représentatives

of other algal groups, were collected mostly from the Sonoran

Desert (Cameron, 1961). The Sonoran Desert has sharp bounda-

ries in certain areas of Southern Arizona where there is an abrupt

change in élévation and climate, but in other areas it merges into

other desert régions, e. g. the Mohave Desert in the northwestern

part of the state. The climate is comparable to that of other hot,

subtropical deserts and humidity types range from absolute at

Yuma to mediterranean at Phoenix, or frosty at Tucson (Papada-

kis 1961, p. 148). The évaporation rate is one of the highest in

the United States, particularly in the sunnner months. The soils

are thorouglhly dry for extended periods of time, the surface

température becomes exceedingly high, and moisture is primarily

limited to areas of brief and sudden downpour or rapid run-off

which is carried through dry arroyos and stream beds for some

distance into the desert. It is during these brief periods of avai-

lable moisture that the algae are most noticeable and oscillatorioid

forms can quickly cover an extensive area. Small dépréssions in the

soil are then capable of retaining moisture for an extended period

of time and even the slower growing species make some growth

during this period of available moisture.

The desert is by no means limited to blue-green algae, and even

the soil contains green and yellow-green algae, and diatoms. As

has been noted previously (Cameron 1960, p. 85) green algae were

found in approximately one-quarter of the soil crusts examined.

In the driest soils these algae are coccoid, unicellular or colonial

green forms. Filamentous green algae, yellow-green algae and dia¬

toms were found in areas where the moisture supply was more

dependable for a longer period of time. However, since the forms

found in desert soils were usually parasitized or lichenized, it is

possible that the observed coccoid forms were actually single-celled

152

E. CAMERON

of few-celled filamentous algae. The extensive parasitism and

lichenization of algae in the Sonoran Desert, as well as the Mohave

Desert (Drouet 1958, p. 96), is apparently not found in the more

extensive and harsh Sahara Desert (Thornton 1952, p. 301). A few

permanent and semi-permanent rivers and streams and other small

bodies of water are found in the Southern Arizona desert area and

these hâve been investigated to a Jimited extent. Only a few fairly

common species were found.

Algae of the following groups were examined : GREEN ALGAE : Vol-

vocaceae — Pandorina Bory, Protococcus Ag.; Tctrasporaceae — Pal-

mogloea Kuetz., Tefrospora Link; Ulothricaceae — Microspora Thur.,

Stichococcus Naeg., Ulothrix Kuetz.; Chaetophoraceae — Aphanochaele

(Naeg.) A. Br., Chlorotylium Kuetz., Draparnaldia Bory, Phytoconis

Bory, Stigeoclonium Kuetz.; Ulvaceae — Enteromorpha Link; Gladopho-

raceae — Cladophora Kuetz.; Pilhophora Wittr., Rhizoclonium Kuetz.;

üedogoniaceae — Oedogonium Link; Characiaeeae — Charadum A. Br.;

Hydrodictyaceae — Hydrodictyon Roth; Protosiphonaceae — Protosi¬

phon Klebs.; Oocystaceae — Ankistrodesmus Corda, Chlorella Beij., Oo-

cystis Naeg., Trochiscia Kuetz.; Scenedesmaceae — Scenedesmus Mo¬

yen; Zygnemataceae — Cylindrocyslis Menegh.; Desmidiaceae — Clos-

terium Nitzsch, Cosmarium Corda, Oocardium Naeg., Pleurotaenium

Naeg.; Characeae — Chara Vaill. ex L. Nilella Ag., Tolypella (A. Br.)

Leonh.; YELLOW-GREEN ALGAE : Tribonemataceac — Tribonema

Derb. & Sol.; Botrydiaceae — Botrydium Wallr.; Vaucheriaceae

Vaucherin DC.; Chrysomonads — Ochromonadaceae — Ochromonas

Wyssotzki; DIATOMS; EUGLENOIDS : Euglenaceae — Euglena Ehrenb.,

Phacus Dujard.; DINOFLAGELLATES : Peridiniaceae — Peridinium

Ehrenb.; RED ALGAE : Erythrothrichiaceae — Compsopogon Mont.;

Batraehospermaeeae — Balrachospermum Roth.; Thoreaceae — Thorea

Bory.

The specimens cited are mostly contained in the herbarium of

the author; others cited are in the herharium of Francis Drouet.

indicated by the abbreviation (D), and those in the herbarium of

the University of Arizona, Tucson, by the abbreviation (A.). It

should be understood that specimens listed without the naine of a

collector are those of the author. Ail other ohbreviations, except ca.

for « circa », Mon. for « Monument », and Hwy. for « Highway ».

are those listed in Webster’s New International Dictonary, Second

Edition, unabridged.

Appréciation is expressed to the Department of Agricultural Che-

mistry and Soils, and the Department of Botany, University of A-

rizona, Tucson, for facilities provided du ring the tenure of this

study. The provision of valuable assistance and the use of personal

library and herbarium of Francis Drouet are gratefully acknow-

ledged.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

153

GREEN ALGAE

VOLVOCACEAE

Plants aquatic, plate-like, spherical or ellipsoid, one- or many-

celled; cells pyriform or hemispherical, each biflagellated and con-

taining two contractile vacuoles, an eyespot, a pariétal chloroplast

with one or more pyrenoids, and a cellulose wall surrounded by a

gelatinous sheath; in some species the protoplasts of adjacent cells

connected by protoplasmic strands; reproduction by the release of

daughter plants formed within the parent plant, by the release of

biflagellate or nonmotile cells, or by the union of morphologically

similar or dissimilar biflagellate or nonmotile gametes.

PANDORINA Bory, Encycl. Meth., Hist. Nat. Zooph., 2 : 521.

1824. Plants microscopie, spherical or ellipsoid, of four to

thirty-two cells in the periphery of a hyaline, gelatinous matrix;

cells pyriform; chloroplast cup-shaped, containing one pyrenoid.

Pandorina morum (Muell.) Bory, loc. cit. 1824. — Plants 20-45 y.

across, 20-45 g. long; cells 8-16 p. across.

Spécimens examined : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca Lakc,

McConnell 921, 922, Aug. 1959.

PROTOCOCCUS Ag., Syst. Alg., p. XVII. 1824. — Plants unicel-

lular, green or red, aquatic or on moist substrata; motile cells ellip¬

soid to spherical, the walls often hydrolyzing and containing fine

protoplasmic threads extending to the periphery; cells when non¬

motile becoining spherical, enlarging, and developing thick, gelati¬

nous, often stratified Wells.

Protococcus greuillei (Ag.) Crouan, Flor. du Finist., p. 109.

1867. — Cells 8-80 g. across. — This is the species referred to by

various authors under the names Ilacmatococcus pluvialis Flo-

tow. and Sphaerella lacustris (Girod.) Wittr. (see Drouet & Daily,

1956, p. 152). The plants are found in red strata in concrète con¬

tainers, pools in rocks, and soil kept moist for some time.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : in cattle tank 18. 1 mi. n.

of Pomerene. Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 460, Nov. 1960. GILA COUN¬

TY : Hwy. 60-70, 1 mi. w. of Globe, 7 85, Nov. 1960. GREENLEE COUN¬

TY : in a dried pool in rocks below the dam of a pond beside Hwy. 666,

13 mi. s. w. of Clifton, Drouet & Hevly 14535 (D), Oct. 1960. MARICO-

PA COUNTY : Arizona Citrus Farm, Mesa, A43a, A45a, Feb. 1957; Tempe,

A89a, Aug. 1957; Hwy 85, 5 mi. s. of Gila Bend 240, Nov. 1959. PJMA

COUNTY : in a dried rain pool at Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe Cactus Nat.

Mon.. Drouet & Hevly 14503 (D), Oct. 1960; Tucson, A87a, 55, 58, 81,

207, Torgerson 881, Aug. 1957, 1959, Nov. 1959, June 1960; Mt. Lennnon

Bd., ca. 5 mi. s. of Santa Catalina Mts., 221, Nov. 1959; 1 mi. e. of Silver-

bell, 332, Dec. 1959; in a pool, lower Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts.,

154

E. CAMERON

Torgerson 534, July 1959; Hwy. 286, Brawley Wash, 18 mi. s. of Robles

Junc., 844, 845, Dec. 1960. YAVAPAI COUNTY : Hwy. 93, 6 mi. w. of

Congress, Cameron & Hevly 252, 253, Nov. 1959; Hwy. 71, 1 mi. w. of

Congress Junc. and 5.5 mi. s. w. of Congress, Cameron & Hevly 561,

563, 564, 569, Nov. 1960. PINAL COUNTY : Hwy. 80-89, Bogard Wash,

25 mi. s. of Florence, 813, 814, Dec. 1960. YUMA COUNTY : Hwy. 80,

San Cristobal Wash, 7 mi. w. of Dateland, Cameron & Hevly 713, Nov.

1960.

TETRASPORACEAE

Plants gelatinous, micro- or macroscopie, cushion-shaper or

sac-like; cells bi- or nonflagellate, imbedded in the gelatinous

matrix; chloroplast pariétal; reproduction by fragmentation, by

the release of biflagellate cells or by the union of morphologically

similar biflagellate gainetes.

PALMOGLOEA Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 176. 1843. — Plants

uni- or multicellular in layers or cushions; cells dividing transver-

sely, at first hcmispherical or hemi-ellipsoidal, becoming spheri-

cal, ovoid or spindle-shaped, irregularly or regularly distributed

within the geJatinous matrix; chloroplast cup-shaped, lacking a

pyrenoid ; motile cells not known.

Palmogloea protuberans (Sm. & Sow) Kuetz., loc. cil. 1843. -

Plants blue-green, green, black or red; cells 2-15 jx across; chloro-

plasts sometimes obscured by haematochrome; gelatinous matrix

hyaline, becoming blue, red, or brown, homogeneous or with lamel¬

lations about each cell or group of cells. This species is treated by

many authors as Gloeocyslis confluens (Kuetz.) Richt. and other

Gloeocystis spp. (See Drouet & Dailz, 1956, pp. 137-142). On

damp soil.

Spécimens examined : MARICOPA COUNTY : Arizona Citrus Farm,

Mesa, Fuller A37, Jan. 1957, MOHAVE COUNTY : around white quartz,

Hwy. 66, 0.5 mi. s. and 3 mi. s. of McConnico, Cameron & Hevly 614,

616, Nov. 1960. PIMA COUNTY : Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, Cameron &

Drouet 887, Jan. 1961. SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Hwy 82 by Sonoita Cr.,

2 mi., s. w. of Patagonia, Cameron & Drouet 158, Oct. 1959.

TETRASPORA Link in Schrader’s Neues Journ. f. d. Bot. 3 : 9.

1809. — Plants membranaceous, sac-like or tubular; cells spheri-

cal, biflagellate, in the peripheral layer of the gelatinous matrix,

usually in twos and fours.

Tetraspora gelatinosa (Vauch.) Desv., Observ. s. 1. PI. Envir. de

Angers, p. 18. 1818. — Cells 3-17 jx across, In flowing water.

Specimens examined : GILA COUNTY : Gila R., 5 mi. n. of Winkelman,

766, Nov. 1960. MARICOPA COUNTY : Tempe Canal, Mesa, Wien (D),

Apr. 1959. PIMA COUNTY : Arivaea Cr., 6 mi. w. of Arivaca, 856, 857,

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

155

858, 85.9, Dec. I960; Santa Cruz R. near Congress St., Tucson, 879, 880,

Dec. I960; in crcek in Brown’s Canyon between Brown’s well ami the

ranch house at the s. end of Baboquivari Mts., Drouet & Hevi.y 14 446

(D), Feb. I960; Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., Faust 929, Feb. 1961.

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in a pool below Yank’s Spring, Sycamore Ca¬

ri von, as Prasiola nevadensis, Drouet & R. C. Grant 14675 (D) Apr.

1961.

ULOTHRICACEAE

Plants green, resembling masses of hair, filaments unbranched,

each a single rovv of uninucleate cells; chloroplast a pariétal disk

or band; reproduction by fragmentation, by the release of bi- or

quadriüagellate or nonmotile cells, or by the union of morphologi-

cally similar or dissimilar gametes.

MICROSPORA Thur., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 14 : 221. 1850. —

Plants usually unattached; cell layers so constructed that when

filaments break the pièces remain in the shape of cylinders open at

both ends; chloroplast a granular band or sheet, lacking pyrenoids.

Microspora stagnorum (Kuetz.,) Lagerh. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.

5 : 417. 1887. — Cells cylindrical, or slightly constricted at the

cross-walts, 7-9 jx across, up to three times as long as wide.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Bell Spring, Mt. Wrightson

Santa Rita Mts., Faust 942, May 1961.

Microspora tiimidüla Hazen, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 11 (2) : 177.

1902. Cells nearly cylindrical, sligtly constricted at the cross-walls,

7-10 tx across, up to twice as wide.

Spécimens exarnined : GRAHAM COUNTY : in stream from warm ar-

tesian well between Saflord & Artesia, Felger 832, Dec. 1960. SANTA

CRUZ COUNTY : Hwy. 82, Sonoita Cr., 2 mi. s. w. of Patagonia, Ca-

meron & Drouet 166, Oct. 1959; in intermittent stream 6 mi. e. of

Arivaca, 863, Dec. 1960.

Microspora willeana Lagerh. in De Toni, Syll. Alg. 1 : 228. 1889.

Cells cylindrical, 11-14 jx across, 6-25 g long.

One collection : MOHAVE COUNTY : Hwy. 93, Burro Cr., Gameron

6 Hf.vly 287, Nov. 1959.

Microspora wittrockii (Wille) Lagerh., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 5

(8) : 417. 1887. — Cells cylindrical, 19-22 ;x across, 19-45 g. long.

One collection : MARICOPA COUNTY : in a latéral ditch, Beards-

ley, Wien 59 (D), Oct. 1957.

STICHOCOCCUS Naeg., Neue Denkschr. Allgem. Schweiz. Ges.

10 : 76, 77. 1849. — Filaments of few to many cells; chloroplast a

pariétal, curved disk or plate covering not more than half of the

ccll wall, containing one pyrenoid.

156

E. CAMERON

Slichococcus subtilis (Kuetz.) Klerck., Flora 82 :103. 1896 —

Plants on inoist substrata; cells cylindrical, 5-7 g. long. — Where

these plants are parasitized by fungi, the filaments break up into

short segments.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : scrapings from inside

concrète cattle tank 4.6 mi. n. of Pomerene, Cameron, Drouet & Hev-

i.y 448, Nov. 1960; in seepage on soil by bathhouse steps, Hooker’s Hol

Springs, Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 47/a, 48.9, Nov. 1960; around white

quartz, 6. 2 mi. e. of Willcox-Cascabel june., Cameron, Drouet & Hevly

46'.9, Nov. 1960. GILA COUNTY : Hwy. 77, 3 mi. n. of Winkelman, 7 63,

Nov. 1960. MARICOPA COUNTY : by storm sewer outlet, Hassayampa

Cr., Wickenburg, Cameron & Hevi.y, 540, Nov. 1960; by cooling tower,

Chandler, Faust 935, Mar. 1961. MOHAVE COUNTY : Hwy. 93, by Burro

Cr., Cameron & Hevi.y 282, Nov. 1959; around moist rocks, Kingman,

Cameron & Hevly 608, Nov. 1960. PIM A COUNTY : Tueson, A28, 535,

Jan. 1957, Apr. 1959; Univ. of Ariz., Tueson, Cameron & Drouet 888,

891, 893, 895, Jan. 1961; lower Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., 300,

303, Nov. 1959; 1 mi. e. of Silverbell, 330, Dec. 1959; Hwy. 80, 3 mi. w.

of Cienega Cr., Cameron, Drouet & Hevi.y 44 1, Nov. 1960; Hwy. 93-89,

3 mi. s. of Sahuarita, 316, Dec. 1959; Hwy. 83, 11 mi. s. of Mountain-

view, Cameron & Drouet 155, Oct. 1959; Hwy. 86, 0.75 mi. w. of Robles

June., and 36 mi. w.of Quijotoa, 222, 23b, Nov. 1959; PINAL COUNTY :

Hwy. 77, 0.1 mi. e. of Oracle and 4 mi. n. of Mammoth, 7 28, 735, Nov.

1960; Hwy. 80-89, Tom Mix Wash and 22 mi. s. of Florence, 815, 818,

Dec. 1960. YAVAPAI COUNTY : Hwy. 93, Congress and 6 mi. w. of

Congress, Cameron & Hevly 224, 565, Nov. 1959, 1960. YUMA COUNTY :

Hwy. 95, ca. 9 mi. n. of Yuma, Cameron & Hevly 684, Nov. 1960; Hwy. 80

Gila Mts., Telegraph Hill Pass, Cameron & Hevly 69.9, Nov. 1960.

U LOT H RI X Kuetz., Flora 16 : 517. 1833. — Each filament atta-

ched by a rhizoid-like basal cell; chloroplast a homogeneous, pa¬

riétal band, containing one to several pyrenoids.

l'iothrix tenerrima Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 253, PI. 9, fig. 1. 1843.

— Cells cylindrical 7-9 jx across, 5-12 g. long.

Specimens examined : MARICOPA COUNTY : on bottom of stream

from bot spring, Agua Caliente, Cameron & Hevly 4 05, MO, Mb, Mar.

1960. PIM A COUNTY : on wet bank of stream, upper Sabino Canyon, 64,

66, Aug. 1959.

CHAETOPHORACEAE

Plants consisting of branched filaments, the cells uniseriatc:

chloroplasts band- or disk-shaped in most species, each contai¬

ning one or more pyrenoids; reproduction by fragmentation, by the

release of bi- or quadriflagellate and nonmotile cells, or by the

union of morphologically similar or dissimilar bi- or quadrillagel-

late gametes.

Source : MNHN, Pi

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

157

APHANOCHAETE (Naeg.) A. Br., Betracht. ue. d. Erschein. d.

Verjueng. i. d. Natur, p. 196. 1851. — Plants microscopie, epiphytic,

prostrate; cells cylindrical or inflated, each bearing one or more

long hair-like projections of the wall: chloroplast covering the

ce H wall more or less completely.

Aphanochaete repens A. Br., loc. cit. 1851. — Cells 8-10 g. across;

hair-like projections, 3-4 g thick at the bases, slender above, up

to 160 u. long.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : on Cladophora crispata, Univ. of

Ariz., Tueson, Drouet & Faust 74 6*74 (D), Feb. 1961.

CH LO R O T Y LIU M Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 285. 1848. — Plants

calcified, crustaceous; Filaments erect and radiate from the base;

cells cylindrical, pale cells alternating with more numerous green

cells; chloroplast containing one pyrenoid.

Chlorotylium cataractarum Kuetz., loc. cil. PI. 17, fig. 1-5. 1843. —

Filaments 6-12 g across. In permanently llowing water.

Specimens examined : FINAL COUNTY : Aravaipa Cr., 6 mi. e. and 8.5

mi. c. on Aravaipa Canyon Rd., 74 6, 753, Nov. 1960. SANTA CRUZ

COUNTY : on rocks leaves & twigs in stream, Hwy. 82, Sonoita Cr., 2

mi. s. w. of Patagonia, Cameron & Drouet 160, Drouet & Cameron

74 437 (D) Oet. 1959.

DRAPARNALDIA Bory, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris 12 : 399.

1808. — Plants gelatinous, erect, attached to the substratum bv

rhizoids ; main filament and primary branches large, bearing crow-

ded fascicles of small branchlets, many of whose terminal branches

are attenuate into long, hyaline hairs; cells cylindrical or swollen;

chloroplasts pariétal, band-like in the larger cells, lining the walls

in the smaller cells.

Draparnaldia plumosa (Vauch). Ag., Disp. Alg. Suec., p. 42. 1812.

Cells of main filaments 45-70 g across, 50-200 g. long; those of

the branchlets 6-10 g. across, 6-40 g. long.

MARICOPA COUNTY : on rocks in swiftest vvater, Seven Springs,

\Vien 70 (D), Dec. 1957.

PHYTOCONIS Bory, Mem. sur les Genres Conferva & Byssus,

p. 54. 1795. — Plants multicellular, rarely unicellular, developing

as layers or cushions; cells spherical or angularly compressed, divi-

ding in three planes perpendicular to each other; choroplast usually

containing a pyrenoid; reproduction by fragmentation and cell

division.

Phyloconis botryoides (L.) Bory, loc. cit. 1795. — Cells 4-12 g.

across. — This species has been treated by most authors under the

name Protococciis viridi Ag. (See Drouet & Daily, 1956, p. 164).

158

E. CAMERON

Specimens cxamincd : MARICOPA COUNTY : by storm sewer outlet,

Hassayampa Cr., Wickenburg, Cameron & Hevly 539, Nov. 1960. PIMA

COUNTY : Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, 36, 187, Cameron & Drouet 890, July,

Oct. 1959, Jan. 1961.

STIGEOCLONIUM Kuetz., Linnaea 17 : 90. 1843. — Plants con-

sisting of long branched filaments arising from a basal cushion ;

branches pointed or attenuated into long, multi-cellular hairs;

chloroplast a pariétal band containing one or more pyrenoids.

A specimen of Stigeoclonium lubricum (Dillw.) Kuetz. not stu-

died by the author, is reported by Wien (1959, p. 12) from a canal,

Higley, Maricopa County.

Stigeoclonium tenue (Ag.) Kuetz., Phyc. Gener. p. 253. 1943. —

Cells cylindrical or slightly swollen, 5-10 g. across, 7-30 g. long;

branches attenuated into long multi-cellular hairs.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : on rocks in seepage from Dripping

Springs, Oragan Pipe Cactus Nat. Mon., Drouet & Hevly 14 5/4 (D),

Oct. 1960.

ULVACEAE

Specimens of Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link, not studied

by the author, are reported by Wien (1959, p. 12) from irrigation

canals at Higley and Buckeye, Maricopa County.

CLADOPHORACEAE

Plants aquatic or terrestrial, resembling masses of hair; filaments

branched or unbranched; celles uniseriate, chiefly multinucleate,

uninucleate in some species; chloroplast net-like, containing many

pyrenoids; reproduction by fragmentation, by the release of qua-

dri- or biflagellate cells or nonmotile spores, or by the union of

morphologically similar biflagellate gametes.

CLADOPHORA Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 262. 1843. — Plants

coarse; each filament becoming abundantly branched, attached by

rhizoidal cells, sooner or later breaking free; cells much longer

than wide, the walls thick and stratified.

Cladophora crispata (Roth) Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 264. 1843. -

Ultimate branches sparingly distributed along the main axis; cells

cylindrical, 20-75 g across, 5-20 times as long as wide. — In perma¬

nent bodies of water.

Specimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : Tucson, Drouet 918 Jan. 1961;

with Aphanochaete repens, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, Drouet & Faust

74 616 (D), Feb. 1961.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

159

Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 266. 1843. —

Ultimate branches in closely packed clusters; cells 45-150 p. across,

6-7 times as long as wide. — In permanent standing or flowing

water.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : in cattle tank, ca. 5 mi.

s. w. of Sunny-side, Pitmann 933, Mar. 1961. GILA COUNTY : floating

in river, Gila R., Winkelman, and 5 mi. n. of Winkelman, 758, 760, 762,

764, Nov. 1960. MARICOPA COUNTY : swamp, Stanfleld, Cameron &

Hevly 722, 723, 724, 725, Nov. 1960. PIMA COUNTY : Univ. of Ariz.,

Tucson, 520, 521, 524, 526, July 1959. PINAL COUNTY : Aravaipa Cr., 6

mi. e. and 8.5 mi. e. on Aravaipa Rd., 742, 743, 744, 745, 752, Nov. 1960.

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca Lake, Cameron & Hevly 123, Oct.

1959; Hwy. 86, Sonoita Cr., 2 mi. s. w. of Patagonia, Cameron & Drouet

161, 165, Oct. 1959. YAVAPAI COUNTY : Hwy. 93, Santa Maria. R., Ca¬

meron & Hevly 255, 256, 259, Nov. 1959.

P1THOPHORA Wittr., Oefvers. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Foerhandl.,

Vol. Extraord. 1877 : 48. 1877. — Filaments irregularly bran-

ched, the branches issuing from below the anterior ends of the

cells; cells cylindrical or swollen; reproduction by fragmentation

and by the release of nonmotile spores from cells with thickened

walls.

Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittr., ibid., p. 55. 1877. — Spores

80-115 g. across, 230-375 p. long, cask-shaped where between cells,

ovoid or obtuse-conical where terminal.

Specimens examined : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca lake,

Wien (D), Gerdes 928, Nov. 1959, Feb. 1960.

RH1ZOCLONIUM Kuetz., Phyc. Gener., p. 261. 1843. — Plants

elongate; filaments attached or free, unbranched or bearing short

rhizoidal branches; cells cylindrical or slightly swollen.

Rhizoclonium hieroglgphicum (Ag.) Kuetz., Phyc. German., p.

206. 1845. — Cells 10-35 p. across, 10-150 p. long, usually with thin

cell walls. — In seepage and in permanent standing or flowing

water.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : by the upper hot sping,

Hooker’s Hot Springs, Drouet, Cameron & Hevly 14 597 (D), Cameron,

Drouet & Hevly 479, Nov. 1960. GILA COUNTY : Gila R. 5 mi. n. of

Winkelman, 7 65, Nov. 1960. GRAHAM COUNTY : in the shallow lake,

Indian Hot springs, Hevly (D), oct. 1960. MARICOPA COUNTY : in the

stream from the hot springs, Agua Caliente, Cameron & Hevly 411, 417,

Mar. 1960; Ariz. Canal, Glendale, Wien 83 (D), Oct. 1958. MOHAVE

COUNTY : Hwy. 93, Burro Cr., Cameron & Hevly 598, 599, Nov. 1960.

PIMA COUNTY : in the largest pond and in an irrigation ditch, Arivaca-

Tucson june., 17, 18, July 1959. SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca

Lake and the spring below the dam, Cameron & 7/evly 121, 127, 129,

Oct. 1959, Hwy. 86, Sonoita Cr., 2 mi s. w. of Patagonia, Cameron &

Drouet 161, Oct. 1959; in the stream, Canello 533, Apr. 1959; in a cattle

160

E. CAMERON

tank, Pena Blanca Canyon 872 Dec. 19(50. YAVAPAI COUNTY : Hwy.

93 Santa Maria R., Cameron & Hevly 583, 586, 587, Nov. 1960. YUMA

COUNTY : Hwy. 95, Gila Gravity Main Canal ca. 6 mi. n. of Yuma, Ca¬

meron Si Hevly 67b, 676, Nov. 1960.

OEDOGONIACEAE

Plants aquatic, resembling masses of haïr; filaments branched

or unbranched, each of a single row of uninucleate cells; chloro-

plasts pariétal, net-like, each containing one or more pyrenoids;

cell division by rupture of the wall near its anterior end and the

formation of a new transverse membrane between daughter nuclei;

reproduction by fragmentation, by the release of multiflagellate

cells or by nonmotile spores, and by the union of a large nonino-

tile female gamete and a small multiflagellate male gamete; enlar-

ged female reproductive cells generally containing a single, nonmo¬

tile gamete, male reproductive cells producing one or two ga¬

mètes; male reproductive cells occurring either in the saine fila¬

ments of the same size, or in dwarf filaments, the male filaments

developing from small multiflagellate cells in the latter case.

OEDOGON1UM Link in Nees v. Esenb., Horae Phys. Beroi.,

p. 5. 1820. — Plants attached by basal cells to the substratum, later

breaking free; filaments unbranched; végétative cells cylindrical or

enlarged at one end, the terminal cell obtuse-conical; ail except

the basal cells capable of division, some becoining motile cells or

male or female reproductive cells. — In seepage, shallow and run-

ning water. — Many specimens were collected in the non repro¬

ductive structures which are necessary for the détermination ot

species.

Oedogonium macrospermiim West & West, Jour. Roy. Microsc.

Soc. London 1897 : 472. 1897 — Small male filaments attached by

stipes to the female filaments; motile cells which give rise to the

male filament also produced on the same filament as that produ¬

cing the female reproductive cells; female reproductive cells 38-

46 jx across, 34-44 u. long, depressed-spherical or almost spherical,

each opening by means of a lid and developing a smooth-walled,

almost spherical zygote 36-44 a across, 32-44 long; végétative

cells 10-20 îj. across, 30-80 u. long.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : with Scylonema crispum, lower

Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., 297b, Nov. 1959.

CHARACIACEAE

Plants microscopie, uni- or multicellular, attached to other al-

gae; cells variously elongate, uni- or multi-nucleate; chloroplasts

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

161

generally pariétal and laminate vvith one or more pyrenoids; re¬

production by the release of biflagellate or nonmotile cells, or by

the union of inorphologically similar or dissimilar biflagellate

gametes.

CHARACIUM A. Br. in Ivuetz. Spec. Alg., p. 208. 1840. — Cells

pvritorin, ovoid, subspherical, cyllindrical or spindle-shaped, some

with stipes at the point of attachment.

Characium pringsheimii A. Br., Alg. Unicell. Gen. Nova et Min.

Cogn., p. 48 (106). 1855. — Stipe short and attached by a yellow

basal disk; cells erect, somewhat oblique, ovoid to short, spindle-

shaped, 6-10 ! j. across, 20-25 u long.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : on stérile Oedogonium in a shallow

pool below the dam, lower Sabino Canyon, Drouet & Matsuda H 613

(D), Jan. 1961.

HYDRODÏCTYACEAE

Plants aquatic, net-like, disk-like, or plate-like, each composed

of two to many cells; cells becoming multinucleates, each contai-

ning one or more pyrenoids; reproduction by internai division of

the protoplast into cells whieh arrange themselves as a minature

plant; as the daughter plant enlarges it bursts the mother cell

vvall ; reproduction also by the release and union of morphologi-

cally similar biflagellate gametes which form a zygote, from whieh,

by various intermediate stages, the mature plant develops.

HYDRODICTYON Roth., Tent. Flor. German. 3 ; 531. 1800. —

Plants net-like or sac-like; cells long-cylindrical„ united at the

ends to 3-6 other cells.

Hijdrodiclijon reticulntum (L.) Lagerh. Oefvers. K. Vet.-Akad.

Foerhandl. 1883 (2) : 71. 1883. — Plants micro- or macroscopie;

cells 5-20 jx across, up to 1.5 cm. long. — In permanent pools or

in slowly flowing streams. Specimens not observed by the author

are reported by Wien (1959, p. 12) from canals. Buckeye, Mari-

copa County.

Specimens examined : MOHAVE COUNTY : Hwy. 93, Burro Cr., Came-

Ron & Hevly 286, 288, 289, 290, Nov. 1959. PINAL COUNTY : San Pedro

H. at San Manuel Crossing, 517, Feb. 1959; Aravaipa Cr., G mi. e. on Ara-

vaipa Canyon Rd., 747, 748, Nov. 1960.

PROTOSIPHONACEA E

Plants green or red, terrestrial or aquatic, uni- or multicellular,

bladder-like, tubular, spherical or filamentous ; cells multinucleate ;

chloroplasts reticulate or laminate; reproduction by cell division,

162

E. CAMERON

by internai division of the protoplast to form several to numerous

cells which are released as they burst the mother cell wall, or by

the union of morphologically similar bitlagellate gametes.

PROTOSIPHON Klebs, Beding. der Fortpflanz. bei ein. Alg. und

Pilz., p. 222. 1896. — Description as for the family.

Protosiphon cinnamomeus (Menegh.) Dr. & Daily, Butler Univ.

Bot. Stud. 12 : 159. 1956. — Young plants 1-50 g. across, up to 5 mm.

across when mature. — On moist soil and mud. This plant is refer-

red to by most authors as P. botryoides (Kuetz.) Klebs (see Drouet

& Daily, 1956, p. 161).

Specimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, 931,

932, 933, Mar. 19(51; Hwy. 80, 3 mi. w. of Cienega Cr., Cameron, Drouet &

Hevly HO, U3, 444, Nov. 1960; Hwy. 286, Altar Valley, 10 mi. s. of Robles

Junc., 839, 840, Dec. 1960; culture (in Highlands Univ., Las Vegas, New

Mexico) of soil crust by Oracle Rd., 10 mi. n. of Tucson, Shields 12 (D),

Jan. 1958; near the largest saguaro, Saguaro Nat. Mon., Drouet, Mac-

Ewan & Popham U 425 (D), Oct. 1959. YAVAPAI COUNTY : Hwy. 93, 6

mi. w. of Congress, Cameron & Hevly 249, Nov. 1959. YUMA COUNTY :

Bouse Wash, o.5 mi. s. of Hwy. 72-95 junc., Cameron & Hevly 662, Nov.

1960; Hwy. 95, 0,5 mi. c. of Gila Gravity Main Canal, Cameron & Hevly

681, Nov. 1960.

OOCYSTACEAE

Plants unicellular, aquatic or terrestrial diversely shaped, chiet-

ly uninucleate, the walls ornamented in various species; chloro-

plasts pariétal, each containing a single pyrenoid; reproduction

solely by internai division of the protoplast into 2-16 non flagella-

ted cells which are released when the mother cell bursts.

ANKISTRODESMUS Corda in de Carro, Almanach de Carlsb.,

p. 196. 1838. — Cells necdle-like, each gradually tapering to a point

at either end.

Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 180,

PI. 34, fig. 3. 1848. — Cells 1.5-3 jx across, 20-100 g. long.

Specimens examined : MARICOPA COUNTY ; scrapings from wct

place on cooling tower, Chandlcr, Faust 934, Mar. 1961. PIMA COUN¬

TY : wet sand in Ash Cr., Mesqual Rd., Happy Valley, 508, Mar. 1959;

in a sump with Lynbya aestuarii, Tucson, Univ. of Ariz., Cameron &

Drouet 937, May 1961.

CHLORELLA Beij., Bot. Zeit. 48 : 758. 1890. — Cells spherical

or subspherical.

Chlorella vulgaris Beij. loc. cit. 1890. — Cells 5-10 g. across.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : on wet wood b>

tepid spring, Hooker’s Hot Spring, Cameron, Drouet & Hevly a/< -

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

163

Nov. 1960. MARICOPA COUNTY : by storm sewer outlet, Hassayampa

Cr., Wickcnburg, Cameron & Hevly 538, Nov. 1960. MOHAVE COUN¬

TY : in sewage effluent and on fecal matter, Hwy. 66, 1 mi. s. w. of

Kingman, Cameron & IIevly 600, 60b, Nov. 1960. P1MA COUNTY :

lower Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 31b, Dec. 1959; Univ. of Ariz.,

Tucson, Jordan 927, Feb. 1961. YUMA COUNTY : Hwy. 95, 0,5 mi. e. of

(iila Gravit y Main Canal, Cameron & Hevly 679, Nov. 1960; in drainage

from wash bowl, Hwy. 80, Taena, Cameron & Hevly 709, Nov. 1960.

OOCYSTIS Naeg. in A. Br., Alg. Unicell. Gen. Nov. et Min. Cogn.,

p. 94. 1855. — Cells ovoid, ellipsoid, or subcylindrical, with rounded

or pointed ends.

Oocyslis crassa Wittr. in Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.

8 : 355. 1880. — Cells 8-20 ^ across 14-25 g. long; walls slightly

thickened at the ends.

Spccimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : in seepage on the face of

the dam, lower Sabino Canyon, Drouet & Matsuda lb612 (D), Jan.

1961; in a fish pond, Tucson, Cameron & Drouet 938, May 1961. SANTA

CRUZ COUNTY : in seepage on the concrète sides of a springpool and

in a pool below Yank’s Spring, Syeamore Canyon, Drouet, Mason,

MacEwan & Price lb373 (D), Drouet & Grant lb 688 (D), Sept. 1959,

Apr. 1961.

TROCH1SCIA Kuetz., Phyc. Germ., p. 129. 1845. — Cells spherical

or subspherical with thick walls bearing spines, ridges, or other

projections.

Trochiscia hirta (Lagerh.) Hansg., Hedwigia 27 : 128. 1888. —

Cells 8-35 jj. across, walls thick, 0.1-0.2 times the width of the cell,

hyaline, covered with unequal pyramidal spines, each one quarter

the width of the cell. — Thin green films on the lower surfaces of

white quartz stones on soil.

Specimens examined ; PIMA COUNTY :Mt. Lcmmon Rd., ca 5 mi. s.

of Santa Catalina Mts., 21ba, Nov. 1959; Hwy. 86, San Vincente junc., 22b,

Nov. 1959; Hwy. 286, Sasabe, 85b, Dec. 1960. PIN AL COUNTY : Oracle

Junc., .4.9.90, Sept. 1957; Hwy. 77, 0.1 mi. e. of Oracle, 72.9, Nov. 1960;

Hwy. 80-89, by Tom Mix Wash, 17 mi. s. of Florence, 820, Dec. 1960.

SCENEDESMACEAE

Plants microscopie, aquatic, 2-32-celled; cells spherical, ellipsoid,

needle-shaped, or pyramidal, walls bearing or lacking spines and

ridges; chloroplasts single or several, pariétal, each containing one

pyrenoid; reproduction by fragmentation or by internai division ,of

the protoplast into cells which arrange themselves as a minature

daughter plant; as the daughter plant enlarges, it bursts the mother

cell wall.

Source :

164

E. CAMERON

SCENEDESMUS Meyen, Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 14 (2) :

774. 1829. — Plants developing as fiat or curved plates; cells ellip-

soid or spindle-shaped arranged in a single, alternating, or double

row, with their long axes parallel to each other.

Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turp.) Kuetz. Linn. 8 : 609. 1838. -

Plants generally of 4-8 cells; cells spindle-shaped, in a single or

alternating sériés; médian cells straight, with attenuate ends;

outer cells with concave inner margin, ends attenuate; cells 2-6 u.

across, 16-24 jx long, with smooth, hyaline walls.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : among other algae in a fish pond,

Tucson, Cameron & Drouet 938, May 1961.

Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. in Bréb. & God., Alg. des

Env. de Falaise, p. 66. 1835. — Plants generally of 2-8 cells; cells

oblong-cylindrical with rounded ends, 3-6 u. across, 11-16 g. long,

tips of the walls of the outer cells extended into spines.

Spécimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : with Cladophora cripaUi,

Tucson, Drouet 918, Jan. 1961; with Chlorella vulgàris, Univ. of Ariz..

Tucson, Jordan 927, Feb. 1961.

ZYGNEMATACEAE

Plants generally aquatic and unattached, mucilagenous, floccose,

or ressembling masses of hair; filaments cylindrical, or rarely ha-

ving short, rhizoidal branches; cells uniseriate; chloroplasts stel-

late, or axial and laminate, or spiral, ribbon-like and peripheral :

reproduction by fragmentation, by the formation of a thick wall

around a végétative cell, and by the union of morphologically simi-

lar gametes through a tubular connection established between two

cells; or through an opening in the wall between two adjacent cells;

union of gametes occurring in either the tubular connection bei-

ween two cells or in one of the respective cells.

Reproductive structures are necessary in most cases for the dé¬

termination of the species. Numerous plants referable to species of

the généra listed here were collected in the non reproductive statc.

MOUGEOTIA Ag., Syst. Alg., p. XXVII. 1824. — Plants yellow-

green or light green, floccose; chloroplasts one or two, axial and la¬

minate, each containing two or more pyrenoids.

Mougeotia elegantula Wittr., Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1(1)-

40. 1872. — Végétative cells 3-5 |x across, 50-135 jx long; chloroplast

containing 4-8 pyrenoids in a row; zygotes cruciate-quadrate in

frontal view, 18-24 jx across. 18-24 ix long, with rounded corners and

thick, smooth, hyaline walls.

ALC.AE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

165

One collection : COCHISE COUNTY : in a cattle tank, 18.1 mi. n. of

Poinerene, Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 459, 460, Nov. 1960.

SPIROGY T RA Link in Nees v. Esemb., Horae Phys. Berol., p. 5.

1820. — Chloroplasts spiral, ribbon-like, each containing several to

many pyrenoids arranged in a médian line.

Spirogyra singularis Nordst., Bot. Not. 1880 : 118. 1880 — Végé¬

tative cells 32-42 g. across, 65-265 g. long; chloroplast single, making

1.5-3 turns; zygotes ellipsoid, 27-36 jx across, 46-70 g. long, with

thick, smooth, yellow walls.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : in a cattle tank Hwy. 80, 3 mi. w. of

Cicnega Cr., Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 447, Nov. 1960.

Spirogyra teodorescii Trans., Ohio Jour. Sci. 34 : 420. 1934. Végé¬

tative cells 24-30 g. across, 40-90 tx long; chloroplast single, making

1-6 turns; zygotes ellipsoid 26-33 jx across, 45-55 jx long, with thick,

smooth, yellow walls.

Spécimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : in an intermittent stream,

Hwy. 83, 11 mi. s. of Mountainview, Cameron & Drouet 146, 150, Oct.

1959.

ZYGNEMA Ag., Syst. Alg., p.77. 1824. — Chloroplast two, stellate,

each containing a pyrenoid

Zygnema insigne (Hass.) Kuetz., Spec. Alg., p. 444. 1849. — Vé¬

gétative cells 25-35 jx across, 25-60 jx long; zygotes spherical or sub-

spherical, 27-33 jx across, 27-35 jx long, with thick, smooth, yellow-

brown walls.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in an intermittent stream,

Warsaw Canyon, 2 mi. w. of Ruby, 868, Dec. 1960.

MESOTAENIACEAE

Plants microscopie, unicellular or short-filamentous; cells long-

or short-cylindrical ; cell walls without pores, smooth or rough and

spiny; chloroplast stellate, or axial and laminate, or spiral, ribbon-

like and peripheral ; reproduction by cell division, or by the union of

protoplasts in a tube between two cells, the résultant zygote produ-

cing 2 or 4 cells upon germination.

CYLINDROCYSTIS Menegh., Cenni sulla Organogr. & Fisiol. d.

Alg., p. 5, 26. 1838. — Plant unicellular, cylindrical, generally 2 or

3 times as long as wide; chloroplasts two, axial, composed of radia-

ling longitudinal plates, each chloroplast usually containing one py¬

renoid.

166

E. CAMERON

Cylindrocystis cylindrospora (Bréb.) Dr. & Daily, Leafl. Acad.

Biol. 1:16. 1953. — Cells 15-30 ,a across, up to five times as long as

wide.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : in seepage on thc ont-

skis of covercd stone tank of thc upper hot springs, Hooker s Hot

Springs, Drouet, Cameron & Hevt.v 14 596 (D>, Nov. 1960 SANTA

CRUZ COUNTY : in a pool bclow Yank’s Spring, Sycamore Canyon,

Drouet & Grant 14 688 (D), Apr. 1901.

DESMIDIACEAE

Plants unicellular and microscopie or multicellular and filamen-

tous or cushion-shapcd; cells diversely shaped, each composed of

two distinct, morphologically similar half-cells; cell walls trans-

verseley segmented, sinooth, or rougir and spiny, Irequently con-

taining iron salts: chloroplasts diverse in appcarence and number,

containing one to tnany pyrenoids in cach half-cell: reproduction

by fragmentation, ,by transverse cell division after which a new

half cell is regenerated by each daughter cell, and by tire union of

morphologically similar gametes, which unité within a tube for-

med between cells, tire resulting zygote producing 1-4 cells upon

germination.

CLOSTERIUM Nitzsch, Nette Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Halle 3(1):

60. 1817. — Plants unicellular, elongate, curved or crescent-shaped

with attenuate ends; cell walls smooth or more or less ridged,

hyaline or yellow to brown; chloroplasts axial, longitudinally

ridged in many species; pyrenoids few or many; vacuoles small,

terminal, containing calcium sulfate granules; reproduction by

cell division or by the union of gametes.

CAosteriuni dianae Ehrenb., Infusionsth., p. 92, PI. 5, ftg. '

1838. — Cells 12-35 pi across, usually 10-12 times as long as wide,

slightly curved, outer margin curved through 105M30", inner

margin slightly concave or almost straight, ends attenuate, obtuse;

chloroplasts somewhat ridged, containing 3-6 pyrenoids in a rov\ :

vacuoles containing many granules.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : with Closterium lanceolatum on wct

sand, Ash Cr„ Mesqual Rd., Rincon Mts., 508, Mar. 1959.

Closterium incurvum Bréb., Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Chei-

bourg 4 ; 150. 1856. — Cells 7-16 g across, 6-10 times as long as

wide, crescent-shaped or almost so, outer margin curved through

180°-200°, ends attenuate, acute; chloroplasts containing 5 or 6

pyrenoids in a row; vacuoles indistinct.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

167

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in a pond 1 rai. e. of Sonoi-

ta, Drouet & Hevly 74 482 (D), Sept. 1960.

Closterium lanceolatum Kuetz., Phyc. German., p. 130. 1845. —

Cells 30-75 jx across 5-10 times as long as wide, lance-shaped, al-

most straight, outer margin curved through 30°-55°, ends gra-

dually attenuate, acute; chloroplasts having 7 or 8 ridges, contai-

ning 6 or 7 pyrenoids in a médian row; vacuoles containing many

granules. — In temporary pools and in seepage.

Spécimens examined : PIMA COUNTY : in a shallow pool, Tucson, 57,

53, 54, 55, 56, Aug. 1959; Ash Cr., Mesqual Rd., Rincon Mts., 508, Mar.

1959.

Closterium turgidum Ehrenb., Infusionsth., p. 95, PI. 6, fig. 7.

1838. — Cells 30-75 [/. across, 11-12 times as long as wide, outer

margin curved through 45°-55°, ends gradually attenuate, subtrun-

cate, recurved; chloroplast having seven or eight ridges, contai¬

ning 7-10 pyrenoids in a médian row; vacuoles containing many

granules.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in a pond 1 mi. e. of Sonoita,

Drouet & Hevly 14 47 9 (D), Sept. I960.’

COSMARIUM Corda in de Carro, Almanach de Carlsb., p. 205.

1835. — Plants unicellular, usually a little longer than wide, gene-

rally compressed, symmetrical in three planes at right angles to

each other, variously constricted in the middle; half-cells ellipsoid,

subspherical, hemispherical, truncate-hemispherical, truncate-pyra-

midal, or kidney-shaped ; walls smooth, ornamented with granules

or minute projections; chloroplasts 2-4, axial composed of curved,

radiating plates, each chloroplast containing one or two large pyre¬

noids; reproduction by cell division or by the union of gametes.

Cosmarium meneghinii Bréb. in Ralfs, Brit. Desm., p. 96. 1848.

Half-cells truncate-pyramiddal, 14-26 jx across in the axis parallel

to the bases, 13-18 jx across in the axis at right angles to this axis

and parallel to the bases, 7-10 tx across in the axis perpendicular to

the bases; walls smooth or ornamented with indistinct granules.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : with Lyngbya aestuarii in a pool,

Tucson, 175, Oct. 1959.

Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) Arch., Jour, of Bot. 12 : 93. 1874.

- Half-cells kidney-shaped, 44-67 jx across in the axis parallel to

the bases, 36-62 ijx across in the axis at right angles to this axis and

parallel to the bases, 24-32 jx across in the axis perpendicular to the

bases; wall ornamented w 7 ith coarse granules.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : with Closterium incurvum

in a pond 1 mi. e. of Sonoita, Drouet & Hevly 1 4 482 (D), Sept. 1960.

Cosmarium subtumidum Nordst., Hedwigia 17 : 105. 1878. —

Half-cells truncate-pyramidal to hemispherical, rounded at the

168

E. CAMERON

banses, 26-40 y across in the axis parallel to the bases, 24-34 n

across in the axis at right angles to this axis and parallel to the

bases, 14-20 g. across in the axis perpendicular to the bases, walls

ornamented with fine granules.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : with stérile Spirogyra in

a métal cattle tank, Pena Blanca Canyon, 871, Dec. 1960.

OOCARDIUM Naeg., Gatt. Einz. Alg., p. 75. 1849. — Plants mul-

ticellular, calcified, hemispherical, cushion-shaped, or Iayered, the

single cells at the ends of broad, gelatinous, dichotomousïy bran-

ched tubes; cells Cosmarium-like, slightly constricted, the walls

smooth ; chloroplasts one in each half-cell, each containing one py-

renoid; reproduction by fragmentation and by the union of gamètes.

Oocardium stratum Naeg., toc. cit., PI. 3A. 1849. Half-cells

16-20 jjl across in the axis parallel with the bases, 8-12 p. across in

the axis at right angles to this axis and parallel with the bases, 6-

10 {a across in the axis perpendicular to the bases; zygote an irre-

gular parallelipiped.

One collection : COCHISE COUNTY : McClure Canyon (branch of

Garden Canyon), Huachuca Mts., Mason ( D ), Nov. 1959.

P LEU ROT AEN WM Naeg., Gatt. Einz. Alg., p. 104. 1849. -

Plants unicellular, elongate, straight, cylindrical, slightly constric¬

ted in the middles, several times as long as wide; half-cells fre-

quently infiated above the bases, the ends slightly attenuate, some-

what truncate; walls usually ornamented with granules or minute

projections, rarely smooth; chloroplasts numerous, straight to

undulate, band-like, pariétal, rarely axial, containing numerous

pyrenoids.

Pleurotaenium maximum (Reinsch) Lund, De Desmid. quae in

Suec. Inv. sunt Observ. Crit., p. 89. 1871. — Cells 495-855 .p. long,

30-85 a across; half-cells infiated above the bases, ends slightly at¬

tenuate, truncate, smooth; walls ornamented with granules.

Specimens examined : PIM A COUNTY : with Scytonema crispum in

Sabino Canyon, Drouet, Richards, B. Darrow & Olmstead 2 7 39 (D),

2 74/ (D), Ôct. 1939.

CHARACEAE

Plants aquatic, macroscopie, multicellular, erect, attached to the

substratum by rhizoids, branched, consisting of a regular sériés ot

nodes and internodes, frequently encrusted with calcium carbonate;

male and female reproductive structures borne on the saine plant

or on separate plants; each node bearing leaves and branches, u-

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

169'

sually of limited growth; reproduction by fragmentation and by the

union of motile and nonmotile gametes; female gametes large, non-

motile, solitary, their walls surrounded by a compact sheath of

stérile filaments; male gametes small, motile, produced within fi¬

laments of 5-50 cells, several of which are surrounded by a sphe-

rical sheath of stérile cells. - The specimens of the various species

lisled in this family hâve ail been studied and named by Mrs. Fay

K. Daily.

CH ARA Vaill. ex L., Gen. PI., p. 491. 1754. — Branches arising

singly at a node; leaves unbranched, in whorls of 6-16, each leaf

subtented by one or two spine-like cells; the anterior end of the

sheath of the female reproductive cells ending in a single tier of

five cells; female reproductive structures solitary, ahvays borne

above the mffle reproductive structures if the latter are présent.

Chara contraria A. Br. — A specimen, not observed by the au-

thor, is reported by Britton and Kearney (1894, p. 21) from Ft.

Huachuca, Cochise Co., Wilcox, 1892-1893; another specimen, not

observed by the author, is reported by McCleary (1957, p. 152)

from a small lake at Papago Park, Tempe, Maricopa Co.

Specimens seen : GILA COUNTY : in a cattle tank 1 mi. s. of Cutter,,

Drouet & Hevly 74 530 (A), Oct. I960. MOHAVE COUNTY : in pools by

Burro Cr., Hevi.y & Cameron 13X 057 (A), Nov. 1959 (see Hevly, 1961,

p. 90). SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in a pond 1 mi. e. of Sonoita, Drouet

& Hevly 74'483 (A), Sept. I960. YAVAPAI COUNTY : in pools in n. fork

of Santa Maria R., Cameron & Hevly 255, 587, Hevly & Cameron 738 058

(A), Nov. 1959, I960 (See Hevly, 1961, p. 90).

Chara globularis Thuill.

Specimens seen : COCHISE COUNTY : at the upper pond, Zinn Ranch,

St. David, Goodding 1-61 (A), Jan. 1961; in a cattle trough, 4.6 mi. n. w.

of Pomerene, Drouet, Hevly & Cameron 74 576" (A), Nov. 1960. SANTA

CRUZ COUNTY : in pools below dam, and in Pena Blanca Lake, Hevly

& Cameron 733 656 (A), 738 056 (A), Gerdes 733 990 (A), Oct. 1959, Jan.,

Feb. 1960 (see Hevly, 1961, p. 90).

Chara hypnoides Robins.

One collection : GILA COUNTY : with Chara contraria in a cattle tank

1 mi. s. of Cutter, Drouet & Hevly Ht 530 (A), Oct. 1960.

Chara sejuncta A. Br.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : in the stream feeding the lake at Qui-

lobaquito, Organ Pipe Cactus Nat. Mon., Mason, Kidwell & Hevly 7 772

(A), May 1959 (see Hevly, 1961, p. 90).

Chara uulgaris L.

Specimens seen : COCHISE COUNTY : in a cattle tank halfway bet-

ween Chiricahua Nat. Mon. and Portai, Drouet & Hevly 74 46.9 (A), Sept.

I960; in Cave Cr., 1 mi. above the S. W. Research Sta. of Am. Mus. of

Nat. Hist. w. of Portai, Drouet & Hevly 74 477 (A), Sept. 1960.

170

E. CAMERON

Chara zeylanica Klein. — A specimen of this species, not obser¬

vée! by the author, is reported by McCleary (1957, p. 152) from a

small lake at Papago Parle, Tempe, Maricopa County.

Chara zeylanica f. macilenta (A. Br.) Daily.

One collection : GRAHAM COUNTY : in the outlet of the swimming

pool near the lake, Indian Hot Springs, Hevly (A), Oct. 1960.

NITELLA Ag., Syst. Alg., p. XXVII. 1824. Branches arising two

at a node; leaves once to repeatedly forked; the anterior end of the

female reproductive structure endding in two tiers of five cells each:

female reproductive structures solitary, borne below or beside the

male reproductive structures if the latter are présent.

Nitella clavata A. Br.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca Lake, Gerdes

133 988 (A), Feb. 1960 (see Hevly, 1961, p. 89).

Nitella hyalina (DC. Ag.

One collection : COCHISE COUNTY : in a cattlc through 4.6 ini. n. w.

of Pomerene, Drouet, Hevly & Cameron 74 575 (A), Nov. 1960.

Nitella tenuissima var. compacta A. Br.

One collection : COCHISE COUNTY : near Boy Scout cabin, Garden

Canyon, Ft. Iluachuca (ait. 6,500 ft.), Gooduing 130 355 ( A ), June 1959

(see Hevly, 1961, p. 89).

TOLYPELLA (A. Br.) Leonh., Lotos 13 : 72. 1863. — Branches

arising two or more at a node; leaves unbranched or forked; the

anterior end of the sheath of the female reproductive structure

ending in two tiers of five cells each; reproductive structures stal-

ked; female reproductive structures two or more, borne below the

male reproductive structures if the latter are présent.

Tolypella glomerata Leonh. — A specimen, not observed by the

author, is reported by G. O. Allen (1954, p. 81) from s. w. Arizona,

Santa Cruz R., Pringle, 1881-1882.

YELLOW-GREEN A LG A E

TRIBONEMATACEAE

Plants yellow or green, resembling masses of hair; filaments un¬

branched ; cells uninucleate, the walls so constructed that when

the filaments break, the pièces remain in the shape of cylinders

open at both ends; chloroplasts disk-like, producing oil or leucosin,

not starch; reproduction by fragmentation, by the formation and

release of thick-walled or hiflagellate cells, or by the union of mor-

phologically similar gametes.

Source : MNHN.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

171

TRIBONEMA Derb. & Sol., Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris. 1

(Suppl.) : 18. 1856. — Filaments each at first attached by basal

cells, later free-floating; chloroplasts yellow-green, several in a cell.

Tribonema bombycinium (Ag.) Derb. & Sol., loc. cil. 1856. — Fi¬

laments 6-11 jji across, cells cylindrical, 2-4 times as long as wide;

chloroplasts usually numerous. — In seepage and in temporary

streams.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : Huachuca Canyon, Fort

Huachuca, Goodding 504, Mar. 1960. PIMA COUNTY : Hwy. 83, 11 mi. s.

of Mountainview, Cameron & Drouet 145, Oct. 1959; near the summit

(over 9,000 ft.), Mt Lemmon, Drouet & MacEwan 14 4/0 (D), Oct. 1959;

Manning Camp, Rincon Mts., Faust (B), Nov. 1960; Brown’s Canyon bet-

ween Brown’s well and the ranchouse, s. end of Baboquivari Mts.,

Drouet & Hevly 14 448 (D), Feb. 1960.

BOTRYDIACEAE

Plants green, unicellular, multinucleate, ballon-shaped, develo-

ping rhizoids at the bases.

BOTRYD1UM Wallr. Annus Bot. in Spreng. Fl. Hal., Suppl. 4 :

153. 1815. — Description as for the family.

Botrydium granulatum (L.) Grev., Alg. Brit., p. 196, PI. 19, figs.

1-4. 1830. — Plants up to 2 mm. across, often encrusted with cal¬

cium carbonate; motile cells 5-8 u across, 10-20 */. long; thick-wal-

led cells spherical or oblong, up to 50 g. across.

Specimens examined : MARICOPA COUNTY : Arizona Citrus Farm.

Mesa, Abùa) Ab6a, Fuli.er .435, 437, Jan., Feb. 1957; on wet bank of

stream, Agua Caliente, Cameron & Hevly 4 16, Mar. 1960. PIMA COUN¬

TY : on bank of cattle tank, Hwy. 80, 3 mi. w. of Cienega Cr., Cameron,

Drouet & Hevly 442, 445, Nov. 1960.

VAUCHERIACEAE

Plants aquatic or terrestrial, tubular, branched, lacking trans¬

verse walls, multinucleate; chloroplasts small, disk-ILke, producing

oil, not starch; reproduction by fragmentation, by the release of

thick-walled spores or multiflagellate cells or by the union of large,

nonmotile female gametes with small, biflagellate male gametes.

VAU CHERI A DG., Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 2 : 61. 1815. — Description

as for the family. — For most of the specimens collected and exa¬

mined, the reproductive structures necessary for the détermination

of the species were lacking.

Vaucheria geminata (Vauch.) DC. Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 2 : 62. 1815.

Plants felt-like or velvet-like; filaments 30-100 u. across; female

172

E. CAMKRON

reproductive cells one or more with a vertical pore, ovoid or sub-

spherical, 60-80 n across, 70-90 ^ long, attached laterally near the

apex of a short branch of the main axis; male reproductive cell cir-

cinate or cylindrical, single, terminal on the same branch as the fe-

male reproductive cell; zygote ovoid or spherical, with a triple-

layed, brown-spotted membrane and completely filling the female

reproductive cell.

One collection : SANTA CFUZ COUNTY : in a pool below Yank’s

Spring, Sycamore Canyon, Drouet & R. C. Grant tk 67 k (D), Apr. 1901.

Yaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) DC., Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 2 : 68. 1815.

Plants felt-like or velvet-like; filaments 50-100 g. across, irregularly

branched ; female reproductive cells one or two, with a pore in a

short, more or Iess oblique beak, ovoid to subspherical, 70-85 y.

across, 75-100 g. long; male reproductive cell cylindrical or circinate,

on a short pedicel beside the female reproductive cell or between

two of them; zygote ovoid or spherical, with a triple-layered, dark

spotted membrane, and completely filling the female reproductive

cell.

One collection : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : in a pool below Yank’s

Spring, Sycamore Canyon, Drouet & R. C. Grant lk 698 (D), Apr. 1961.

CHRYSOMONADS

OCHROMONADACEAE

Plants uni- or multicellular; cells naked or surrounded by wall

like structures containing iron salts, silica, or calcium carbonate,

the peripheral protoplasm without striations or ridges; flagella of

unequal length; chloroplasts one or two, laminate or disk-like,

producing oil or leucosin, not starch : reproduction by fragmenta¬

tion, by longitudinal cell division, or by the release of 2-8 motile

daughter cells,

OCHROMONAS Wyssotzki( Trav. Soc. Nat. Univ. Imp. Kharkow

21 : 119. 1887. — Plants unicellular, free-swimming, ellipsoid, ovoid

or pyriform; flagella two, of unequal length; contractile vacuoles

présent; red eyespot présent or lacking; chloroplasts laminate, con¬

taining leucosin.

Ochromonas Wislouchii Skvortz., z. Bot. Zentralbl. 41 (2) : 312,

fig. 1. 1925. — Cells 5-9 u. across, 11-15 g. long; chloroplast single;

eyespot at the anterior end.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : in an aquarium, Univ. of Ariz.,

Tucson, McConnell 882, Nov. 1960.

Source : MNHN. Pi

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

173

DIATOMS

Numerous species of Stauroneis Ehrenb., Navicula Bory, Melosira

Ag., Epithemia Bréb., Pirtnularia Ehrenb., Amphora Ehrenb., Nitzs-

chia Hass., Diploneis Ehrenb., Synedra Ehrenb., Cymbella Ag., Rhoi-

cosphenia Grun., and Denticula Kuetz., occur in aquatic and terres-

trial habitats in the Sonoran Desert, but they were not identified du-

ring the course of this study. Unnamed species of some of these gé¬

néra were reported previously as occurring on moist soil (Cameron,

1958, p. 58) ; Navicula spp. are quite common.

EUGLENOIDS

EUGLENACEAE

Cells green or corloless, unicellular, uninucleate, rigid or ca¬

pable of changing sliape; inotile by means of one, two, or three

ilagella and by amoeboid inovement; peripheral protoplasm smooth

or ornamented; cells naked or surrounded by wall-like structures

containing iron salts; chloroplasts disk-like, band-shaped or stel-

late, containing oil or paramylum ; red eyespot présent in most

species; reproduction by longitudional division, by the formation

of more or less spherical, thick- or thin-walled cysts, or by the

union of amoeboid gametes.

EUGLENA Ehrenb., Infusionsth., p. 140. 1838. — Cells green,

elongate, ellipsoid, lance-shaped, or spindle-shaped, ridged or spi-

rally twisted; llagellum single, bifurcate at the lower end with a

granular swelling at the point of branching and at the end of each

branch; chloroplasts numerous, containing or lacking pyrenoids;

paramylum présent.

Euglena gracilis Klebs, Unters. Bot. Inst. Tuebingen 1 : 303.

1883. — Cells ellipsoid to elongate, 6-15 [a across, 25-55 g. long; chlo¬

roplasts disk-like, irregularly distributed throughout the celle; pa¬

ramylum bodies usually two, flattened, ring-like, attached on either

side of the chloroplasts. — In seepage and temporary pools.

Specimens examined : COCHISE COUNTY : by a eattle tank, 18.1 mi.

n. of Pomerene, Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 463, 464, Nov. 19(50, MO-

1IAVE COUNTY : sewage effluent, Hwy. 66, 1 mi. s. w. of Kingman, Came¬

ron & Hevly 66/, 602, 605, 606, Nov. 1960. PIMA COUNTY : w. of Tuma-

moc Hill, Gates Pass. Rd., Tucson, 86, Aug. 1959.

Euglena proxima Dang., Le Botaniste 8 : 154. 1902. — Cells

somewhat spindle-shaped, narrowed posteriorly to a blunt end,

174

E. CAMERON

14-20 ifi across, 60-90 ^ long; chloroplasts disk-like, numerous; pa-

ramylum bodies small, rod-shaped, irregularly distributed through

the cell.

One collection : COCHISE COUNTY : on wet soil by tepid bot springs,

Hooker’s Hot Springs, Cameron, Drouet & Hevly 477, Nov. 1960.

PHACUS Dujard., Hist. Nat. Zooph., p. 334. 1841. — Cells green,

compressed in mosts species, somewhat twisted, each motile by

means of a bifurcate llagellum; peripheral protoplasm smooth,

longitudinally or spirally striated or ornamented vvith granules;

paramylum bodies disk-like or ring-like.

Phacus acuminatus Stokes, Amer. Mo. Microsc. Jour. 6 : 183.

1885. — Cells compressed-ovoid, 20-25 ja across, 25-35 y. long, each

having a very short, straight or curved posterior tail-like projec¬

tion; peripheral protoplasm ornamented with faint, longitudional

striations; paramylum bodies solitary and large or two of différent

sizes near the posterior end of the cell.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : with Euglena gracilis in a standing

pool, lower Sabino Canyon, Drouet & Matsuda 917, Jan. 1961.

TRACHELOMONAS Ehrenb., Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1883 :

315. 1835. — Cells naked, capable of changing shape, surrounded

by brown, iron-containing wall-like structures; chloroplasts pa¬

riétal, disk-like.

Trachelomonas lemmermannii Wolosz., Bull, de l’Acad. des Sci.

de Cracovie 1912 : 696, PI. 5, Fig. 47. 1912. — Wall-like structures

ovoid, ornamented with faint granules; cells usually ovoid, 12-15 y.

across, 20-26 n long.

One collection : PIMA COUNTY : with Euglena graeilis in a stan¬

ding pool, lower Sabino Canyon, Drouet & Matsuda 91 7, Janv. 1961.

DINOFLAGELLA TES

PERIDINIACEAE

Cells brown, each surrounded by a thick cellulose wall composed

of plates; llagella two, one long and trailling, the other lying in a

transverse groove in the wall; chloroplast disk-like, yellow or

brown, producing starch or oil; red eyespot présent or lacking;

reproduction by cell division, or by the formation of thin- or thick-

walled spores.

PERID1NIUM Ehrenb., Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1830 : 38. 1832.

— Cells spherical, ovoid, or angular; walls having évident sutures,

bearing small spines at the posterior end in some species; chloro¬

plasts numerous.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

175

Peridinium tabulatum (Ehrenb.) Clap. & Lachm., Mem. Inst.

Genevois 6 (1) : 403. 1859. — Cells spherical to ovoid, not at ali or

slightly compressed, 23-30 (-40) g. across, 30-38 (-48) g. long, bearing

two short spines at the posterior end ; eyespot lacking.

Specimens examined : SANTA CRUZ COUNTY : Pena Blanca Lake,

McConnell 923, 92b, Nov. 1959.

RED ALGAE

ERYTHROTHRICHIACEAE

Specimens of Compsopogon coerulens (Balb.) Mont., not obser-

ved by the author, are reported by Wien (1959, p. 12) from irriga¬

tion canals, Higley, Maricopa County.

BATRACHOSPERMACEAE

Plants aquatic, macroscopie, red, violet, brown, green, blue-green,

or gray; multicellular, branched, each having an axial core of large

cells and with latéral branches disposed at definite intervals to

form nodes and internodes; each node bearing a whorl of branches;

chloroplasts each with a pyrenoid, disk-like, solitary in each of the

large cells, disk-like or irregular, 2-5 in the branches; male and

female reproductive structures borne on the same plant or on se-

parate plants; reproduction by fragmentation, by spores, and by

the union of nonmotile gametes; female gametes large, solitary,

enclosed within a flask-shaped reproductive structure; male ga¬

metes small, produced in clusters at the tips of latéral branches;

spores developed by juvénile plants, gametes developed by adult

plants.

BATRACHOSPERMUM Roth. Cat. Bot. 1 : 36. 1797. — Plants

20 cm or more in length, gelatinous, hair-like.

One collection : in swift water, upper Sycamore Canyon, Drouet &

H. C. Grant 1b 672 (D), Apr. 1961. Reproductive structures necessary

for the détermination of the species were lacking.

THOREACEAE

Plants aquatic, macroscopie, red, brown, green, purple or black,

multicellular, branched or unbranched, each having an axial core

with or without latéral branches disposed along the entire axis;

chloroplasts disk-like or irregular, numerous in cells of the erect

filaments and outermost cells of the projecting hairs; reproduction

E. CAMERON

by the breaking o<T of cells of latéral branches; sexual reproduction

unknown.

THOREA Bory, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris 12 : 127. 1808.

Description as for the family.

Thorea ramosissima Bory, ibid., p. 128, PI. 18, fig. 1. 1808. —

Plants 1-3 cm across, up to 1 m long.

One collection : MARICOPA COUNTY : Tempe Canal, Tempe, Wien

(D), Oct. 1957.

SUMMARY

Among one thousand two hundred random specimens of algae

eollected in Arizona were found

fifty-four species of

green algae

and twelve other species of nongreen algae

(exclusive of blue-

green algae). The following list

suinmarizes

these taxa of sou-

thern Arizona algae :

Families Généra

Species

Green algae

Yellaw-green algae

Chrysomonads

Euglenoids

Dinoflagellales

Red Algae

At least six species vvere found to occur in algal soil crusts. O-

thers were found in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. The com-

monest algae occurring in soil crusts included Protococcus gre-

villei (Ag.) Crouan and Stichococcus subtilis (Kuetz.) Klerck.

These were in many cases found in association with blue-green

algae in a parasitized or lichenized condition. The algal flora of

Southern Arizona and its desert confines lias been found to be

comparable with that found elsewhere in southwestern United

States and northwestern Mexico.

LITERATURE CITED

Allen G. O. — An annotated key to the Nitelleae of North America. —

Bull. Torr. Bol. Club, 81 (1) : 35-60, 1954.

Britton N. L., and T. H. Kearney. — An énumération of the plants

eollected by Dr. Timothy E. Wilcox, U.S.A., and others in southeas-

tern Arizona during the years 1892-1894. — Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.

24 : 21-24, 1894.

ALGAE OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA

177

Cameron R. E. — Nitrogen fixation by algae and associated organisms

in semi-arid soils; identification and characterization of soil orga¬

nisms. — M.S. Thesis, unpublished, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson. 129 p., 1959.

Cameron R. E. — Communities of soil algae occurring in the Sonoran

Desert in Arizona. — Jour.Ariz. Acad. Sci. 1 (3) : 85-88, 1960.

Cameron R. E. — Algae of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona. — Ph. D. Dis¬

sertation, unpublished, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson. 118 p., 1961.

Cameron R. E. — Algae of Southern Arizona. Part. I. Introduction —

Blue-green Algae. — Rev. Algol. N.S., 6, 4, 1963.

Drouet F. — Distribution of algae on the A.E.C. Nevada Test Site. — In

A botanical study of nuclear eflfects at the Nevada Test Site. pp. 97-

1958 ~ NeW Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico,

Drouet F. and W. A. Daily. — Révision of the coccoid Myxophyceae. —

Butler Univ. Bot. Slud. 12 : 1-218, 1956.

Hevly R. H. — Notes on aquatic non-flowering plants of northern Ari¬

zona and adjoining régions. — Plateau 33 (3) : 88-92, 1961.

McCleary J. A. — Notes on Arizona plants. — Southwest Nat. 2 ( 4 ) •

152-154, 1957.

Papadakis J. — Climatic tables of the World. — Talleres Graficas « Op-

timus », Buenos Aires. 175 p., 1961.

Thornton H. G. — Some problems presented by the microbiology of

arid soils. — In Desert Research Proceedings, May 1-H, 1952, pp. 295-

301, 1952.

Wien J. D. The study of the algae of irrigation waters. — Second An¬

imal Progress Report, Ariz. State Univ., Tempe. Mimeogr. 26 p. 1959.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California.

Preliminary survey

of the epizoic Oedogonia growing

on the shells of freshwater molluscs

in East Pakistan

By A. K. M. Nurul ISLAM and Pranjit SARMA

Little information is available about the filamentous green algae,

particularly Oedogonium, growing on the shells of freshwater gas-

tropod and bivalve molluscs. Campion (1956) however, after a de-

tailled survey of inany freshwater molluscs from England and Wa¬

les has reported several green algae, including 38 unidentified

forms and one known species of Oedogonium (O. alternons Wittr.

et Lundell).

In course of our investigations of epizoic green algae in East

Pakistan we made several collections of molluscs bearing many

Oedogonium filaments on their shells. Out of 14 collections from

two widely separated areas six species of Oedogonium could be

identified with certainty, of which three are new taxa added lo

the genus.

COLLECTIONS AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES

The molluscs were collected mostly from permanent ponds and

temporary ditches from different localities in two districts — Dacca

and Rajshahi — separated by about 200 miles. Mostly the Oedo¬

gonia filaments were found to grow on the following : Paludomus

sp., Pila sp., Unio sp., and on sonie crabs. Many of these animais

bearing stérile filaments of Oedogonium were kept in the labora-

tory but we failed to get any mature or fertile stages from such

filaments. In ail, six species hâve been identified where the com¬

plété mature stages were présent and about 21 végétative forms

(19 from Dacca and 2 from Rajshahi) hâve been left unidentified

due to lack of complété stages.

It may be mentioned that most of the matured species were

found in Rajshahi collections, whereas in Dacca collections mostly

végétative forms and stérile filaments with brown akinetes hâve

Source : MNHN,

EPIZOIC OEDOGONIA OF E. PAKISTAN

179

been obtaincd, although these collections were made more or less

at the saine time of the year. In Dacca these stérile filaments were

found to appear and disappear several times in a year without

producmg any sexual stages. The climatic conditions and limnolo-

gical tentures of these two areas might be responsible for such

variance in fertility of the Oedogonium plants. Average tempéra¬

ture is low and the rainfall is higher in Dacca District than in

Rajshahi District, where as the water of the collecteri areas in Dac¬

ca is usually acidic and in Rajshahi areas alkaline. More detailed

information on these points will be worked out in future.

As regards the occurrence of Cladophora spp. on the shells of

several species of molluscs we hâve noticed that when Cladophora

grows profusely at any particular time no Oedogonium spp can

been seen. Similarly, when the shells of the animais (particularly

Pila sp.) are covered bv Oedogonium filaments Cladophora fila'-

ments are lacking at that time. On the othcr hand, several other

algae may grow together with Oedogonium on the saille animal

shell to form a complex algal community. Other algae growing

with Oedogonium are : Lyngbya sp„ Pulbochaete (2 spp.), Ulothrix

sp., Coleochaete (3 spp.), Stigeoclonium (several forms), Pitho-

phora sp. iind somc filamentous diatoms.

Following are the six species of Oedogonium described in this

paper :

Monœcious : 1. O. crispum (Hass.) Wittr. var. hawaiense Nordst.

2. O. patuliim Tiff, forma macroporum fa. nov.

Diœcious :

Macrandrous : 3. O. subcardiacum sp. nov.

4. O. pisanum Wittr.

Nannandrous : 3. O. bengalense Hirn var. polysporum var. nov.

6. O. cyathigerum Wittr. var. macrogonium var!

nov.

1. Oedonium crispum (Hass.) Wittr. var. hawaiense Nordst

(Tiffany, 1930, p. 114, PI. 35, f. 320; 1937, p. 53 PI 99 f 342 .

Gemeinhardt, 1939, p. 212; Skuja, 1949, p. 82, PI. 15, f! 10-12)’.

Plant macrandrous, monœcious; oogonium 1-3, subovoid-globose

operculate, division superior; oospore globose, almost filling the

oogonium, spore wall smooth; antheridium 1-3, subepigynous-

sperms 2 in each antheridium, division horizontal; végétative cells’

12-17 g X 27-53 g; oogonium, 35-40 g X 33-47 p; oospore, 3l!

® l 1 X 35-38 g; antheridium, 12-15 g X 4-8 p. (PI. 2, Figs. 4-5)

180

A. K. M. NURUL ISLAM AND PRANJIT SARMA

2. Oedogonium patulum Tiffany 1937.

(Tiffany, p. 75, PI. 9, f. 110; Gemeinhardt, 1939, p. 107, f. 88;

O. hirnii Gutw. var. africanum West, in Tiffany, 1930, p. 73,

PI. 14, f. 138; Prescott, 1931, p. 99).

Oedogonium patulum Tiff, forma macroporum fa. nov.

Plant macrandrous, monœcious; oogonium 1-2, subglobose to

nyriform ovoid; poriferous, pore superior, wide; oospore globose,

not fdling the oogonium, spore wall smooth; antheridium 1-2, sub-

epigynous, sperms 2 in each, division horizontal; végétative cells

capitellate, 10-15 g X 37-55 g; oogonium, 30-38 g X 32-45 g; oos¬

pore, 27-33 g X 35-38 g; antheridium, 10 g X 5 g (PI- 2, Figs. 7‘-8}.

Holotyype : Islam and Sahma collection No. R-3, October 9, 1901,

from a ditch situated inbetween Atrai P. S. and Mongtapara, Rajs-

hahi; Kept in Authors’ herbarium in the Botany Dept., Dacca

University, Dacca.

Oedogonum patulum Tiff, forma macroporum fa. nov.

Oogoniis 1-2, subglobosis ad pyriformibus-oviformis; poro supc-

riore lato apertis; oosporiis globosis, oogonia non complentibus.

episporio laevi; antheridiis 1-2, subepigynis; gometis mascuhs

binis, divisione horizontali ortis; cellulis uegetativis capitellahs,

10-15 g lotis x 37-55 g longis ; oogoniis 3 0-38 g lotis X 32-45 g lon-

gis; 27-33 g latis X 35-38 g longis; antheridiis 10 g latis X 5 V-

longis (PL 2, Figs. 7-8).

3. Oedogonium pisanum Wittr. 1876.

(Tiffany, 1930, p. 109, PI. 38, f. 363-364; 1937, p. 50, PI. 21,

f. 323-324; Prescott, 1931, p. 102; 1951, p. 186, PI. 36, f. 8-9,

Gemeinhardt, 1939, p. 200, f. 216).

Plant dioecious, macrandrous; oogonium solitary, ovoid to

ellipsoid, operculate, division superior; oospore ovoid to ellipsoid,

almost filling the oogonum, spore wall smooth; antheridium 1-2.

sperms 2 in each, division horizontal; basal cell elongate; terminal

cell piliferous; végétative cells, 5-10 (j. X 10-35 *j.; male végétative

cells, 5-6 i[x X 16-20 jt; oogonium, 17-23 a X 25-35 jj.; oospore, 17-

22 y. X 25-31 u; antheridium, 4-6 (i. X 3 u. (PI. 1, Figs. 8-11).

The plant describer here as O. pisanum Wittr. closely resembles

O. epiphyticum Trans. et Tiff.

EPIZOIC OEDOGONIA OF E. PAKISTAN

181

4. Oedogonium subcardiacum sp. nov.

Plants dioecious, macrandrous; oogonium solitarv, subglobose

or depressed-globose (tomato-shaped), poriferous, pore supra-me-

dian, (tendency towards superior position), sometimes projected;

oospore subglobose, not filling the oogonium, spore wall smooth;

antheridium 1-8, sperms 2 in each, divison horizonal; female végé¬

tative cells, 27-34 jx X 101-116 jx; oogonium, 65-81 jx X 69-79jx;

oospore, 50-72 jx X 59-66 <x; male plants végétative cells, 16-25 jx

X 55-105 jx ; antheridium, 15-20 jx X 10-18 (x (PI. 1, Figs. 5-7). Holo-

type : sanie as O. patulum forma macroporum fa. nov.; kept in hept

in the authors’ herbarium in the Botany Dept., Dacca University,

Dacca.

Oedogonium subcardiacum sp. nov.

üioicum, macrandrium; oogoniis singulis, subglobosis vel glo-

bosis depressis; poro supramediano (tendente ad superiorem) aper-

iis, aliquando projecto; oosporis subglobosis, oogonia non complen-

libus, episporio laeve; antheridiis 1-8, gametis masculis binis, di-

visione horizonlali ortis; cellulis vcgetativis feminis 27-3k jx latis X

101-116 |x longis; oogoniis 65-81 jx latis X 67-79 fx longis; oosporiis

50-72 jx latis X 59-66 y. longis; cellulis vegetativis masculis 16-35 y.

latis X 55-105 y. longis; antheridiis 15-20 y. latis X 10-18 jx longis

(PI. 1, Figs. 5-7).

This new species dilTers from ail other known species by the

characteristic shape of the oogonium with sometimes projected

beak-like pore. It is nearly related to O. cardiacum (Hass.) Wittr.

var. pulchellum (Hass.) Hirn in size but dilTers from the saine in

having depressed-globose oogonium of unique shape (tomato-sha¬

ped). It dilTers from O. glabrum Hallas by the shape and position

of the pore and having larger oogonium and oospore.

5. Oedogonium bengalense Hirn var. bengalense.

(same as O. bengalense Hirn, 1900; Tiffany, 1930, p. 139, PI. 53,

f. 504, 505; Gemeinhardt, 1939, p. 279, f. 324).

Oedogonium bengalense Hirn var. polysporum var. nov.

Plants dioecious, nannandrous, idioandrosporous; oogonium 1-8,

depressed-globose to pyriform, operculate, division médian (some¬

times appears to be supra-median), operculum wide; oospore de¬

pressed-globose or globose, spore wall smooth, not or nearly filling

the oogonium; androsporangium 1-6; végétative cells strongly capi-

tellate; basal cell elongate, apical cell obtuse, mostly terminated by

sériés of oogonia; dwarf male obovoid, unicellular, on oogonium,

182

A. K. M. NURUL ISLAM AND PRANJIT SARMA

open by a lid with conical apex; female végétative cells, (10)-14-

23 jx X 50-122 u. ; oogonium, 53-60 jx X 50-63 jx (-76 jx); oospore,

40-50 jx X 40-48 a (some 46.5 jx X 46.5 fi.) ; androsporangium, 15-

18 ji. X 12-20 a; dwarf male, 11-15 |x X 12-15 jx (PI. 1, Figs. 1-3).

Holotype : Islam & Sarma collection N° D-421, November 2, 1961,

Dacca; growing on the shell of Paludomus sp.

Oedogonium bengalense Hirn var. polgsporiim var. nov.

Dioica, nannandra, idioandrospora; oogoniis 1-8, globosis de-

pressis ad pyriformibus; operculo lato apertis, divisione mediano

orto (aliquando evidenter supramediano) ; oosporis globosis-depres-

sis vel globosis, episporio laevi, oogonia fere vel non complentibus;

androsporangiis 1-6; cellulis uegetativis valde capitellatis; cellula-

basali elongata; cellula terminali obtusa, ab oogoniis in sérié semper

fere terminata; masculis pusillis obouiformis, iinicellularis, in oo¬

goniis ortis, operculo apice conica apertis; cellulis uegetativis femi-

nis (10-J-14-23 u latis X 50-122 jx longis; oogoniis 53-60 jx latis

X 50-63 [j. (76 jx> longis; oosporis 40-50 jx latis X 40-48 jx longis

(aliquibus 46.5 jx X 46.5 y.); androsporangiis 15-18 jx latis X ? 2-

20 |x longis; masculis pusillis 11-15 jx latis X 12-15 jx longis (PI. 1,

Figs. 1-3).

This variety differs from the type by usually having large num-

ber of oospores in sériés. The plants described here as a new va¬

riety of O. bengalense Hirn combine ail the characters described

for the following related species : O. indicum Hirn, O. areschougii

Wittr., O. brasiliense Borge, O. confertum Hirn. The range of va¬

riations in the shape and size of the oogonium and in the measu-

rements of the végétative cells could be found in the same collec¬

tion of this new variety.

6. Oedogonium cgathigerum Wittr. var. macrogonium var. nov.

Plant dioecious, nannandrous, idioandrosporous (?); oogonium

1-4, subovoid, sub-quadrangular, ellipsoid to elongate, (basal end

of oogonium broader than apical end); pore superior; oospore

same shape as oogonium, filling ar almost filling the oogonium.

outer layer of the spore wall smooth, médian layer with 16-20

longitudinal, continuous, rarely anastomising, often curved, ridges;

terminal cell apiculate; dwarf male goblet-shaped, curved, on sui-

foltary cell; antheridium interior; végétative cell, 21-39 jx (-45 {*)

X 45-212 [x; suffoltary cell, 22-62 jx X 50-123 l5 x; oogonium, 45-75 a

X 78-131 jx ; oospore, 51- 63 jx X 70-118 jx; dwarf male, 10-15 jx

X 35-84 jx (PI. 2, Figs. 1-3).

F.PIZOIC OEDOGOMA OF E. PAKISTAN

183

Holotype : Islam & Sarma collection N" R-3, October, 9, 1961.

from a ditch situated in betvveen Atrai P. S. and Mangtapara, Rajs-

hahi; kept in the authors’ herbariuin in the Botany Dept., Dacca

Univ., Dacca.

Oedogonium cyathigerum Wittr. var. macrogonium var. nov.

Dioica, nannandra, idioandrospora (?) ; oogoniis 1-4, subovifor-

mis ad quadrangulare ellipsoideis ad elongatis (termino basali

quam termino superiore latiore), poro superiore apertis; oosporiis

forma iisdem ac oogoniis, oogonia comptentibus vel fere complen-

libus, episporio laevi, mesosporio 16-\20 lineis longitudinalibus

saepe curvatis ferente; cellula terminali apiculata; masculis pusillis

scyphiformis; antheridiis inferioribus; cellulis vegetativis 21-39 tx

(r 45 jx ) latis X 45-212 g longis ; cellulis suffulciis 22-62 p. latis X

50- 123 tx longis; oogoniis 45-74- jx latis X 78-131 ,ix longis; oosporiis

51- 63 ix latis X 70-118 tx longis ; masculis pusillis 10-15 jx latis X

35-84 [x longis (PI. 2, Figs. 1-3).

This variety of O. cyathigerum differs from the type and ail

other forms ad varieties of the species in possessing largest size

oogonium, oospore and the dwarf males, and the tip of the végé¬

tative cell being apiculate. The shape of the big-sized oogonium is

also different from other varieties.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to thank Father D r R. W. Timm, Notre-Dame

College, Dacca, for kindly rendering the Latin descriptions for the

new taxa described in this paper.

(Department of Botany, Dacca University, Dacca, Pakistan).

LITERATURES CITED

Campion Mary. — A survey of the green algae epiphytic on the shells

of some freshwater molluscs. — Hydrobiol, 8 (1-2) : 38-53, 1956.

Gkmf.inhardt K. — Oedogoniales : Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamenflora.

— Akad. Verlags. M. B. H. 12 , Abt. 4, Lief 1-3, 1939.

Prescott G. W. — Iowa Algae. — Univ. loiva Studies, N. S. N° 206, 13

(6) : 1-235, PI. 1-39, 1931.

— Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. — Cranbrook

Inst. Sci., Bull. N° 31 : 1. 946, PI. 1-136, 1951.

Sku.ta //. - Zur Süsswasseralgenflora Burinas. — Nova Acta Beg. Soc.

Sci. Upsaliensis, ser. IV, 14 (5) : 188, PI. 1-37, 1949.

Fiffany L. II. —- The Oedogoniaceae — a monograph. — Published by

the Author, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 1-253, PI. I-LXIV, 1930.

— North American Flora : Oedogoniales. — Neiv York

Bot. Garden, 11, part I : 1-102, PI. 1-36, 1937.

184

A. K. M. NURUL ISLAM AND PRANJIT SARMA

Explanations of the plates and figures,

(ail are caméra lucida drawings)

PLATE I

Figs. 1-3. — Oedogonium bengalense Hirn var. polysporum var. nov., ail X 168

excepting basal cells (basal cell of Fig. 1, X 238; of Fig. 2, X 315);

Figs. 1-2 showing oospores, dwarf males & basal cells of female plant;

Fig. 3, showing androsporangia.

Fig. 4. — Oedogonium sp., X 240 (showing an elongated basal cell of an uni-

dentified species).

Figs. 5-7. — Oedogonium subcardiacum sp. nov., X 210 (Figs. 5-6, female plant

with oospores; Fig. 7, male plant with antheridia).

Figs. 8-11. — Oedogonium pisanum Wittr., X 240 '(Fig. 8, female plant sho¬

wing oospores & basal cell; Fig. 9 male with antheridia; Figs. 10-11, fila¬

ments showing terminal cells & hairs).

PLATE II

Figs. 1-3. — Oedogonium cyathigerum Wittr. var. macrogonium var. nov.;

Fig. 1-2 X 143; Fig. 3 X 168.

Figs. 4-5. — Oedogonium crispum (Hassall) Wittr. var. hawaiense Nordst.,

Fig. 4 X 240; Fig. 5 X 315.

Fig. 6. — Oedogonium sp. X 210 (a monoecious macrandrous species which

could not be identilied due to immature oogonia).

Figs. 7-8. — Oedogonium patulum Tiff, forma macroporum fa. nov. X 315.

EPIZOIC OEDOGONIA OF E. PAKISTAN

185

Plate I

Source :

N. IsLam

186

A. K. M. NURUL ISLAM AND PRANJIT SARMA

Plate II

Source : MNHN,

Une nouvelle coupure générique

dans la famille des Desmidiées :

le genre Teilingia

Par Pierre BOURRELLY.

Le genre Sphaerozosma a été crée en 1835 par Corda pour une

Desraidiée filamenteuse, avec une espèce: Sphaerozosma elegans.

Dans le texte de son travail, fauteur ne donne aucune diagnose,

mais il indique, dans la légende de la Planche IV, Fig. 37 : « a) :

globules qui lie les paires d’animalcules; b, b, ces animalcules

individuellement réunis par la membrane intermédiaire; d, d, :

gouttes huileuses avec leur contenu ».

Une « paire d’animalcules » correspond à une cellule et chaque

animalcule est une hémisomate. La membrane intermédiaire qui

réunit les animalcules est l’isthme, tandis que les globules sont

les appendices polaires qui réunissent les cellules entre elles.

En 1840, le même auteur donne p. 205 un court chapitre sur

Sphaerozosma et indique deux espèces. 1°) Sph. lamelliferum où

« le membre de réunion est feuilleté, blanc ». 2°) Sph. elegans avec

« les membres de réunion presque globuleux, petits, transparents ».

Si les descriptions de Corda sont un peu sommaires, ses figures

sont bien caractéristiques.

Le type du genre : Sp. elegans montre de façon nette un filament

unisérié constitué par des cellules en forme de Cosmarium avec un

isthme resserré et portant à leurs deux pôles un appendice cir¬

culaire.

Il semble, sans qu’on puisse l’affirmer, que cette espèce est

identique à Sphaerozosma vertebratum (Bréb.) Ralfs. La 2 e espèce

Sph. lamelliforme est plus difficile à identifier, et Turner la place

parmi les Sponclylosiiim.

En 1835, A. de Brebis son, dans son mémoire sur les « Algues

des environs de Falaise », décrit un Desmidium vertebratum nov.

sp. et donne une figure, très petite, mais qui montre un aspect

voisin ou identique à celui du Sphaerozosma elegans de Corda.

En 1848, Ralfs dans ses « British Desmidieae », volume qui

sert de point de départ pour la nomenclature de ce groupe, donne

188

PIERRE BOURRELLY

une diagnose complète du genre Sphaerozosma en indiquant p. 65 :

« Filament plane, fragile, joints closely united by means of glan-

dular processes, and deeply divided on each side, thus forming

two segments, and giving a pinnatifid appearance to the filament ».

Plus loin, dans la même page 65, il précise « at the junction of

the joints there are on each margin one or two minute glands or

processes ».

L’espèce-type du genre, indiquée chez Ralfs par le n° 1 est

Sphaerozosma vertebratum (de Bréb.) Ralfs. (qui est pour lui syno¬

nyme de Sp. elegans Corda).

A la Planche VI, Fig. 1 f et 1 g nous avons deux excellentes

vues polaires des cellules, qui indiquent bien à chaque pôle de

la cellule deux petits appendices filiformes, terminés par un petit

globule, et disposés obliquement.

Ralfs dans le même volume élargit le genre Sphaerozosma car

il cite comme 2 P espèce : Sph. excavatum Ralfs en précisant que

la jonction entre les cellules se fait non par 2 appendices mais

par 4 granules : « the transverse view is oblong with four sessile

glands, two on each side and situated near the ends » (p. 67).

Ceci est bien visible à la Fig. 2 d de la Planche 6.

Enfin en 1860, YVallich décrit le nov. gen. Onychoncma avec

O. uncinatum comme espèce-type. Les cellules de cet Omjchonema

présentent, comme le Sphaerozosma vertebratum 2 appendices fili¬

formes disposés en diagonale, à chaque pôle. Il n’y a donc aucune

différence structurale importante entre les deux genres, les appen¬

dices sont seulement plus allongés chez Omjchonema que chez

Sphaerozosma vertebratum.

Ce fait a été signalé par Teiling (1957) et cet auteur, conclue

avec raison qu’il faut supprimer le genre Omjchonema et conserver

le nom plus ancien de Sphaerozosma. Kützing dès 1845, avait crée

un genre Isthmosira avec 2 espèces : 1. vertebratum (= Sphaero¬

zosma vertebratum) et I. filiformis (= Omjchonema hliformis).

Cette solution logique proposée par Teiling ne résout pourtant

qu’une partie du Problème.

Il nous semble normal de scinder le genre Sphaerozosma sens.

Teiling en deux genres distincts : l’un groupant les espèces à pôle

cellulaire portant 2 appendices disposés en diagonale; l’autre en¬

globant les espèces à pôle cellulaire présentant 4 granules.

Le premier groupe formera le genre : Sphaerozosma Corda avec

Sph. vertebratum (Bréb.) Ralfs comme type, car la synonymie entre

Sph. elegans Corda et Sph. vertebratum n’est pas établie de façon

absolument sûre, tandis que la figure et la diagnose de Sph. verte¬

bratum ne laisse aucune ambiguité.

TEILINGIA

189

1. Sphaerozosma elegans Corda : Fig. 37, PI. IV de Corda 1835.

2. Sphaerozoma vertebralum (de Bréb.) Ralfs, Fig. 1 C et 1 f, PI. VI de

Ralfs.

3. Sphaerozosma excavatum Ralfs : Fig. 2 a et 2 b, PI. VI de Ralfs.

4. Figure originale de Brébisson (collection du Laboratoire de Crypto¬

gamie) de Desmidium vertebratum de Bréb. (= Sphaerozosma ver-

tebratum (Bréb.) Ralfs).

5. Sphaerozosma Aubertianum var. Archeri (Gutw.) W. et G. S. W. (ori¬

ginal de Rambouillet : quelques cellules et vue apicale : les pores

représentés sur une seule cellule).

6 à 8. Sphaerozosma fitiformis (Ehrg.) nov. comb. (original du Lac de

Grand Lieu); 6: Quelques cellules avec vue apicale et tracé du

plaste; 7 : Vue de profil de 3 cellules; 8 : Un filament à plus faible

grossissement montrant la torsion hélicoïdale.

9. Teilingia granulata (Roy et Biss) nov. comb. (original de Rambouillet :

chaîne de 5 cellules avec vue apicale : les plastes sont indiqués sur

2 cellules.

10. Teilingia excavata (Ralfs) nov. comb. (original) 3 cellules et vue

apicale.

11. Forme nouvelle de Madagascar de Teilingia voisin de T. excavata

(Le petit trait représente 10 |j.).

190

PIERRE BOURRELLY

Le second groupe constituera le nov. gen. Teilingia avec T.

excavata (Ralfs) Bourrelly (= Sphaerozosma excavatum Ralfs.)

comme /espèce-type.

Le genre Sphaerozosma s. str. ainsi défini renfermera une

partie des anciens Sphaerozosma s. 1. et tout l’ensemble de l’ancien

genre Oni/chonema avec : O. laeve Nordst., O. filiformis (Ehrbg.)

Roy et Biss., O. compactum W. et W., O. Nordstedtiana Turn., O.

uncinatum Wall., qui se nommeront : Sphaerozosma laeve (Nordst.)

Thoinasson, Sph. filiformis (Ehrg.) nov comb. Sph. compactum (W.

et W.) nov. comb; Sph. Nordstedtiana (Turn.) nov. com., Sph. un¬

cinatum (Wallisch.) nov. comb.

Le genre Teilingia comprendra entre autres les espèces suivantes:

Sphaerozosma excavatum Ralfs; Sph. bengalense Turner; Sph.

exigum Turn; Sph. indicum Turn; Sph. quadrispinatum Scott et

Grônbl. Sph. granulatum Roy et Biss.; Sph. Wallichii Jacobs.,

Sphaerozosma spinulosum Delpt. qui prendront les noms de Teilin¬

gia excavata (Ralfs.) nov. comb.; T. bengalense (Turn.) nov. comb.;

T. exigua (Turn.) nov. comb.; T. indica (Turn.) nov. comb.; T.

quadrispinata (Scott et Grônbl.) nov. comb.; T. granulata (Roy et

Biss) nov. comb.; T. Wallichii (Jacobs.) nov. comb.; T. spinulosum

(Delp.) nov. comb.

Voici les diagnoses des deux genres :

Teilingia :

Desmidiacée à filament unisérié formé de cellules plus ou moins

aplaties, à contour elliptique ou quadrangulaire, à isthme médian

bien marqué. Les cellules portent à chaque pôle 4 petits granules.

Espèce type : Teilingia excavata (Ralfs) nov. comb. (= Sphaero¬

zosma excavatum Ralfs.)

Sphaerozosma Corda emend.

Desinidiacées à filament unisérié formé de cellules plus ou moins

aplaties, à contour elliptique ou quadrangulaire, avec ou sans

épines latérales, et avec un isthme médian bien marqué. Les

cellules portent à chaque pôle, 2 petits appendices disposés en

diagonale en vue apicale.

Espèce type : Sphaerozosma vertebratum (Bréb.) Ralfs. (= Des-

midium vertebratum Brébisson = Sphaerozosma elegans Corda?)

Teilingia nov. gen.

Desmidiaceae e uniseriatis filis constantae, cellulis ± compla-

natis, elliptico vel quadrangulo circuitu, isthmo medio bene cons-

picuo.

TEILINGIA

191

4 minuta granuta singulo apice cellularum.

Species tgpica : T. excavata (Ralfs) nov. comb. ( = Sphaerozosma

excavatum Ralfs.J

Sphaerozosma Corda emend.

Desmidiaceae e uniseriatis fdis constantae, cellulis ± compla-

natis, ellipiico vel quadrangulo circuitu, cum vel sine lateralibus

spinis, isthmo medio bene conspicuo.

Cellulae instructae singulo apice 2 appendiculis secundum dia-

gonalem lineam a vise vertice dispositis.

Species tgpica : Sphaerozosma vertebratum (Brèb.) Ralfs. (=

Desmidium vertebratum Brebisson = Sphaerozosma elegans

Corda?J.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE SOMMAIRE

Brebisson (de) A. et Godey P. — Algues des environs de Falaise. —

Falaise, 1835.

Corda A. J. C. — Observations sur les animalcules microscopiques

qu’on trouve auprès des eaux thermales de Carlsbad. — Almanach

de Carlsbad, 5, 1835.

— Observations microscopiques sur les animalcules des eaux et des

thermes de Carlsbad. — Almanach de Carlsbad, 10 , 1840.

De Toni J. B. — Sylloge algarum, Chlorophyceae, 1, sect. II. — Palavii,

1889.

Kützing F. T. — Phycologia germanica. — Nordhausen, 1845.

Nordstedt O. — Index Desmidiaceaerum. — Lundae, 1896 et supple-

mentum. — Berolini, 1908.

Ralfs J. — The British Desmidieae. — London, 1848.

Teiling E. — Morphological investigations of asymmetry in Desmids.

— Bot. Not., Lund, 110, 1957.

Turner W. B. — Algae aquae dulcis Indiae orientalis. — K. sv. Vet.

Akad. Handl., 25, 5, 1892.

Wallich C. G. — Descriptions of Desmidiaceae from Lower Bengal.

— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 35, 1860.

West W et G. S., Carter N. — A monograph of the British Desmi¬

diaceae, V, — London, 1923.

Outdoor mass culture of Chlorella

By A. N. KAPPANNA, F. THIVY and E. R. R. IYENGAR

ABSTRACT

The rates of growth of Chlorella vulgaris in outdoor mass cul¬

ture hâve been studied during the months of February, March and

April. The yield of dry matter per m* per day varies with tempe-

rature, increasing first and then falling in April. The Chemical

constituents and chlorophyll content of the alga hâve been deter-

mined.

Outdoor mass culture of Chlorella does not appear to hâve been

experimented upon in India. The India workers hâve mostly con-

fined themselves to the use of sewage water and distillery wastes

as media for culturing Chlorella (Purushothaman (1), Raman (2),

Srinivasan (3), Bopardikar (4). The présent note deals with results

obtained in the work undertaken in this Institute to study (a)

the rate of growth in outdoor mass culture and (b) the Chemical

constituents of Chlorella grown here.

EXPERIMENTAL

The Chlorella vulgaris strain isolated from a tank in the garden

of CSMGRI, Bhavnagar was used for ail culture experiments. In

preliminary experiments (December 1961) frequent contamination

by Chlamgdomonas, Scenedesmus and Bacteria was encountered.

Use of antibiotics to free bacteria from culture of Ectocarpus con-

ferooides and E. secundus has been a success (Boalch (5). To test

this point, « Glaxo » crystaline Sodium Penicilline-G was added

to the stérile culture medium to give 10,000, 5,000 and 1,000 units

/ml concentrations and the cell suspension was inoculated into

the media. In 10,000 and 5,000 units/ml concentrations no conta¬

mination occured. Only bacteria was controlled in the 1,000 units

/ml batch, but Protozoa appeared. These précautions were not

however observed in the large scale experiments described below :

400 liters of medium of the following composition, Ammonium

OUTDOOR MASS CULTURE OF CHLORELLA

193

Sulphate-6,0 gms., Magnésium sulphate-2,5 gins., Potassium di-hy-

drogen ortho Phosphate-1,25 gms., Ferrie sulphate 0,005 gms.,

EDTA (di-sodium sait) - 0,037 gms per liter of tap water with 1 ml.

of Hunter’s solution containing microelements per liter of the me¬

dium, was used for the culture. The cultures were maintained out-

door in circular cernent tanks which were exposed to sunlight

without any obstructions. The liquid was mechanically stirred

when required. The depth was maintained at 15 cms. The initial

pH 0.8 was adjusted to 6.0 by the addition of some hydrochloric

acid. CO, at 0.076 m* per hour was passed from a gas cylinder to

the culture through a glass line, having numerous holes running

along the floor of the tank.

The yield and related data are given in Table I.

TABLE I

DATA ON CHLORELLA CULTURES CROWN IN OUTDOOR

Period of

culture

Temp.

culture

Average yield

(dry matter)

Remarks

February, 62

20 days

19-23° C

6.2-7.2

4.5 gms/

mVday

No stirring

was done

March, 62

20 days

19-23° G

7.2-8.8

0.375 gms/

mVday

d°

without CO.

12 days

23-33° C

6.2-7.2

12.00 gms/

mVday

Stirring and

CO,

April, 62

12 days

29-36 5° C

6.2-6.6

9.25 gms/

mVday

d°

ln the experiinent where GO, was not passed, précipitation of al-

gae on the bottom of the tank was observed, and even the pH

varied markedly. The yield increased as CO, was supplied and slow

agitation provided. It will be observed that the yield in April is

lower than in March, which appears to be due to higher tempéra¬

ture during the month. Greater yields of 19-21 gms. /nr/day hâve

been reported by the Isreali workers (Mayer et al.) (6) during war-

mer months under carefully regulated conditions.

CHEMICAL COMPONENTS

1 lie sun-dried algal material was used for estimation of minerai

and other constituents noted in Table II.

194

A. N. KAPPANNA, F. THIVY AND E. R. R. IYENGAR

TABLE II

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CHLORELLA

Constituents

Moisture

Protein

Carbohydrate

Total lipides

Ether extract

Ash

Phosphorous

Potassium

Magnésium

Iron

Sulphur

Sodium

Percentage on

sundried

material

4.8

54.2

21.1

12.9

7.0

1.40

2.23

0.23

0.20

0.112

Percentage on

freeze-dried

material

(Goeghegan 1953)

5.0

50.0

3.0

7.4

1.1

1.5

0.5

0.04

1.1

The analytical figures are compared with the results of Geo-

ghegan (7).

The carbohydrate fraction was présent as insoluble polysaccha¬

ride. The estimation of lipides was made by extractions with Me-

thonal, Petroleum Ether and Ether solvent.

CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT

The chlorophyll content of the alga has been shown to vary

with progress of culture (Tamiya, et al. (8). It was therefore

thought of interest to interest to détermine the total chlorophyll

as well as the ratio of a and /? chlorophylls with progress of cul¬

ture. The results are given in Table III.

OUTDOOR MASS CULTURE OF CHLORELLA

195

TABLE III

CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT

my. per

100 gms. of fresh alga

Day of

Total

Ratio

chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

6th dav

38.60

16.70

22.27

1 : 1.323

9th day

102.0

45.08

55.65

1 : 1.234

12th day

131.5

54.43

78.52

1 : 1.443

mg. per

100 gms. of dry matter

242.0

88.0

154.0

1 : 1.1753

The results obtained substantiate Tamiya and co-workers’ ob¬

servations. It will be observed that in the particular alga examined

the chlorophyll-/? content, at ail stages, is higher than chloro-

phyll-a. This is quite the opposite of the finding of Haskins (9).

The authors wish to express their thanks to Shri K. Syamasun-

dar for the help in determining sonie of the Chemical constituents.

LITERATURE CITED

1. Purushothaman K. — Bull. CPHERl., 1 : 88, 1958.

2. Raman A. —, Proceedings of the Symposium on Algology ICAP., New-

Delhi, pp. 366-376, 1959.

3. Srinivasan M. V. — Proceedings of the Symposium on Algology

ICAP., New-Delhi, 302-307, 1959.

4. Bopardikar M. V. — Bull. CPHERL, 2 : 7-19, 1960.

5. Boalch G. T. — Jour. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., 41, 279-286, 1961.

6. Mayer A. M., Eisenberg A., and Evenari M. — Sci. Monthly, 93 : 198-

203, 1955.

7. Geoghegan M. J. — Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Pub. 600 Washing¬

ton D. G., 182-189, 1953.

8. Tamiya H., E. Hase, K. Shibata, A. Mituya, T. Iwamura, T. Nihei

and T. Sava. — Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 600,

Washington D. C., 204-232, 1953.

9- Haskin H. H. — Jour. Biol. Chem., 144 : 149-160, 1942.

(Central Sait & Marine Chemicals

Research Institute, Bhavnagar).

Navicula gothlandica Grunow

Par Henry GERMAIN.

La présente note est destinée à faire une mise au point sur une

espèce vraisemblablement commune que je crois avoir signalée

pour la première fois en France en 1936 (5, p. 135) et qui a été

certainement confondue avec des espèces voisines et sans doute

avec Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Kütz.

Cette espèce qui, malgré l’orthographe adoptée par de nombreux

au/teurs, devrait, en réalité, s’écrire gotlandica est assez ubiquiste

dans les ruisseaux, les dépôts littoraux des grands cours d’eau,

les fossés et les mares susceptibles d’assèchement; elle supporte

un pH. assez variable, peut être qualifiée d’eurionique (7-8,5) et

souvent aussi un milieu assez riche en matières organiques d’ori¬

gine animale (mares fréquentées par les bestiaux).

Elle est donnée par Hustedt (6 , p. 296) comme un type d’eau

saumâtre, par contre de Toni (4, p. 189) la signale avec la mention

« in aquis dulcibiis gothlandiae ».

Les stations où je l’ai rencontrée sont toutes d’eau douce et

situées loin de la côte.

La morphologie est un peu variable comme l’indiquent les Fi¬

gures 1 à 8 de la Planche 1 où l’on peut observer tous les passages

entre les plus grandes formes (60 tx) et les plus petites (28 jx) avec

des variations, d’une part, sur l’étirement des extrémités qui est

en général d’autant plus sensible que la taille est plus grande,

Cf. Hustedt (5, p. 296) et, d’autre part, sur la disposition des

stries de l’area central arrondi qui sont parfois très régulières et

d’autres fois alternativement courtes et longues au point que ce

caractère typique de Nav. salinarum Grun. a pu faire appliquer

cette dénomination à certaines formes que j’ai figurées dans ma

thèse (5, PI. X, Fig. 4) reproduites sous ce nom par Astrid Cleve

Euler dans son ouvrage de 1953 (3, T. III. Fig. 820 c.-d.). Il n’est

pourtant pas possible de les séparer les unes des autres à cause

de ce caractère puisque, comme on peut le constater sur plusieurs

individus de la Planche 1 (Fig. 2-4) il arrive que sur un même

frustule l’area central ait des stries régulières sur un côté et in¬

égales sur l’autre.

Source : MNHN. Pa,

NAVICULA GOTHLANDICA GRUNOW

197

Les stries, comme on peut le constater, se résolvent nettement

en points d’une façon sensiblement égale sur tous les individus

de quelque taille qu’ils soient.

Les représentants de cette espèce rencontrés dans la région sont,

à mon avis, indiscutables; ils correspondent sensiblement, comme

dimensions aux données d’HüSTEDT (fi) et d’Astrid Cleve Euler

(3) ainsi qu’aux Figures 33 et 34 de l’Atlas de Schmidt, Pi. 272,

assez médiocres d ailleurs. Le seul caractère litigieux concernerait

les stries des extrémités qu’HusTEDT donne comme convergentes

mais qui, d’après Astrid Cleve Euler (3, T. III, p. 158), sont

parallèles ou à peine convergentes ce qui correspond exactement

à mes types : le nombre de ces stries concorde avec celui donné

par ce dernier auteur 12-14 en 10 p au centre.

La détermination que j’en ai faite dans mon mémoire de 1936

(5) a d’ailleurs été suivie par Astrid Cleve Euler et ma propre

figure reproduite (S, T. III, Fig. 819 b) sous ce nom, ce que je

considère comme une confirmation valable.

Caractères différentiels avec les espèces voisines.

Navicula salirtarum Grun. (PI. 2, Fig. 5) est nettement différente,

malgré l’assimilation faite par Astrid Cleve Euler. Espèce con¬

sidérée comme organisme halophile, elle est d’ailleurs très rare

dans notre région oii je l’ai pourtant rencontrée dans un fossé à

eau temporaire en avril 1941, le long d’une route aux abords

d’Angers. Les stries très nettement alternativement courtes et

longues ne se résolvent pas en points comme dans Nav. gothlan-

iica; elle est nettement plus large et plus nettement capitée.

Navicula crgptocephala Kiitz. Cette espèce si commune et si

polymorphe est incontestablement proche de Navicula gothlandica,

comme le mentionne d’ailleurs Van Heurck (12, PI. 8, Fig. 8);

toutefois, les stries plus sériées (16 en 10 p) ne se résolvent jamais

en points par les moyens d’observation optiques, même de bonne

qualité.

Le type de l’espèce est, à mon avis, celui qui est représenté

PI 2, Fig. 1 qui montre que là aussi la disposition des stries

entourant l’area central peut varier comme dans Nav. gothlandica.

La variété veneta (Kütz) Grun. (Pt. 3, Fig. 3) à stries nettement

radiantes au centre est souvent mêlée à une autre forme à stries

parallèles que certains auteurs rapportent à Navicula gregaria

Donkin qui a été classée (Hustedt, fi, p. 269, Fig. 437) dans le

groupe des Orthostichae mais que ce dernier ne semble pas avoir

198

HENRY GERMAIN

conservé dans ce groupe si l’on s’en réfère au récent fascicule du

Rabenhorst Kryptogamen flora (7). Elle se distingue assez nette¬

ment de A lav. cryptocephala Kütz. par ses stries nettement

parallèles se résolvant en fines stries longitudinales (PI. 3, Fig. 1).

C’est d’ailleurs la forme de beaucoup la plus commune dans la

région où elle constitue des populations souvent très abondantes

et presque pures.

La variété lancettula Schumann est moins fréquente; j’en ai

représenté deux formes (PI. 2, Fig. 2). La forme la plus large

provient d’un rocher suintant qui semble le type de station caracté¬

ristique de cette variété. Elle se trouve pourtant aussi dans les

dépôts littoraux de nos rivières, c’est le cas de la forme la plus

étroite (dépôt littoral de la Sarthe).

La variété intermedia Grun. (PI. 2, Fig. 3) est remarquablement

fixe, comme je l’ai fait remarquer (5, p. 134), elle se distingue

nettement de l’espèce par sa taille, sa strie médiane nettement plus

longue et l’on ne trouve aucune forme de passage avec le type.

Elle est assez commune, mais toujours clairsemée au milieu

d’autres espèces, en particulier, dans les ruisseaux de la région

n’assèchent pas. Elle devrait, comme je l’ai déjà dit, constituer une

espèce indépendante.

Navicula simplex Krasske (PI. 2, Fig. 6) est aussi nettement

différente de A 'au. gothlandica; si la figure d’HusTEDT (6, p. 296,

Fig. 500) s’en rapproche, et qui est, à mon avis, peu conforme,

par contre celle qu’il a représentée dans son ouvrage sur le parc

Albert ( 9, PI. V, Fig. G-7) ainsi que dans l’Atlas de Schmidt (77,

PI. 272, Fig. 33-34) sont très caractéristiques, elles correspondent

parfaitement à celle que je représente ici et seraient, à mon avis,

plutôt à rattacher au groupe des Orthostiehae, près de N. halophila.

Navicula rhgnchocephala Kütz. ne peut être confondue avec

N. gothlandica, si l’on en juge par les trois formes représentées

(PI. 4, Fig. 6-7-8). La figure d’IiusTEDT (6, Fig. 501) qui n’est

aucunement capitée ne correspond à aucune des formes rencontrées

dans l’Ouest et pourrait, jusqu’à un certain point, prêter à con¬

fusion surtout qu’elle est notée comme « une des diatomées les

plus communes », ce qui n’est pas du tout le cas dans notre région,

elle s’appliquerait mieux jusqu’à un certain point à Nav. gothlan¬

dica, mais le nombre des stries et la ponctuation très accentuée ne

peut, à mon avis, donner lieu à discussion.

Navicula gothlandica se distingue aussi de Navicula lanceolata

(Ag.) Kütz. représentée (PI. 4, Fig. 1 et 2) ainsi que de la variété

NAVICULA GOTHLANDICA GRUNOW

199

Cyfnbula (Donkin) Cl. (PI. 4, Fig. 3 et 4) et dont le caractère

principal est de présenter des stries toutes radiantes. Il est pourtant

vraisemblable que c’est avec cette espèce que la confusion a été la

plus fréquente, car si l’on se réfère au Synopsis de Van Heurck

(12, PI. 8, Fig. 16-17) on peut se rendre compte que ces figures

sont presque superposables avec certaines formes de la Planche 1

ci-après. Cet ouvrage faisant incontestablement autorité, il est

certain que beaucoup de diatomistes ont du attribuer à N. lanceo-

lata des formes qui auraient du l’être à N. gothlandica. Ceci vient

tout à fait en concordance avec l’opinion d’HusTEDT (8, p. 630)

qui estime que les formes de Nav. gothlandica assez élancées

passent insensiblement à Navicula phyllepta Kütz. figurée dans

la même planche de Van Heurck (Fig. 40) laquelle est rattachée

aussi à Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Kütz. Il ne faut donc pas s’éton¬

ner de la confusion au sujet de cette espèce et je crois que la

Planche 8 de Van Heurck y est pour beaucoup.

Enfin, pour essayer de trancher la question j’ai eu la curiosité

de remonter aux sources qui sont très vagues quant aux des¬

criptions et aux figures de l’espèce de Grunow, en particulier, le

synopsis de Cleve (2, I). II S. 14) et plus spécialement la prépa¬

ration n° 161 de la collection Cleve et Moller que j’ai pu con¬

sulter au Muséum de Paris; or, quel ne fut pas mon étonnement

en constatant que la seule forme qui, dans cette préparation, pou¬

vait correspondre à Nav. gothlandica était en réalité, une forme

que j’avais trouvée une fois dans notre région (Etang du Bellay

près de Saumur) et que j’avais ramenée à Navicula helvetica Brun

(PI. 4, Fig. 7), espèce très différente de N. cnjptocephala, s’écartant

nettement du groupe des lincolatae et se rangeant dans celui des

orthostichae. Bien que cette forme ait une taille plus faible et un

nombre de stries plus élevé que l’espèce de Brun, elle correspond

exactement à la forme signalée par Hustedt (10, p. 349, PI. 37,

Fig. 13), à tous points de vue, y compris l’asymétrie de l’area

central qui est un des éléments les plus typiques de l’espèce. Il

est d’ailleurs remarquable que cette espèce peu commune se trouve

associée dans la préparation 161 de Cleve et Moller avec un

certain nombre d’autres telles que : Nav. radiosa Kütz. — Nav.

Tuscula (Ehr.) Grun. — Cymbella Ehrenbergii Kütz. — Cymbella

helvetica Kütz. — Mastogloia dansei W. Sm. — Nav. lanceolata

(Ag.) Kütz. — Nav. Cymbula (Donkin) Cl. qui ne sont pas tellement

répandues et qui se trouvent également associées avec elle dans

la station angevine précitée.

Je pense que cette interprétation de Cleve et Moller vient de

ce que leur préparation est montée dans un milieu peu réfregent

200

HENRY GERMAIN

LÉGENDE DES PLANCHES

Planche I (1) (PL 10)

Fig. 1 à 8. — Navicula gothlandica

Planche II (1) (Pl. 11)

Fig. 1. — Navicula cryptocephala

Fig. 2. — — —

Fig. 3. — — —

Fig. 4. — — gregaria

Fig. 5. — — salinarum

Fig. 6. — — simplex

Fig. 7. — — helvetica

var. lancetlula

var. intermedia

Planche III (1) (Pl. 12)

Fig. 1. — Navicula gregaria

Fig. 2. — — — forme courte

Fig. 3. — — cryptocephala var. veneta

Fig. 4. — — viridula

Fig. 5. — — Atomus

Fig. 6. — Caloneis Bacillum

Planche IV (1) (Pl. 13)

Fig. 1-2. — Navicula lanceolata

3-4. — — — var. cymbula

Fig. 5. — — subrhynchocephala

Fig. 6. — — rhynchocephala var. genuina Mayer

F j g - 7 - — — — var. rhynchocephala

Fig. 8. — — — var. elongata Mayer

(1) Grossissement X 1 800

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N»« Sér , T. VII; PI. 10

N AV ic. ui.A.

PI. I.

Source ; MNHN, Paris

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N"» Sér. T VII; PI. 1 1

Navicui.a. PI. II.

Source : MNHN. Paris

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N lle Sér.. T VII: PI. 12

Source : MNHN. Paris

REVUE ALGOLOGIQUE

N lle Sér., T. VII; PI. 13

Navicui.a. PI. IV.

BIBL. OU

Source : MNHN, Paris

NAVICULA GOTHLANDICA GRUNOW

201

dans lequel les stries se résolvent mal en points et les stries

longitudinales sont très peu apparentes, mais un examen avec un

bon objectif à immersion et un éclairage bien manié permet d’affir¬

mer qu’il s’agit de Navicula helvetica Brun. Cette confrontation

ne peut donc pas me faire changer d’opinion; les formes repré¬

sentées sur la Planche 1 doivent être attribuées à Navicula goth-

landica Grunow.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

1. Brun J. — Le Diatomiste. Vol IL

2. Cleve P. T. — Synopsis ef the Naviucloïd Diatoms. — K. Sv. Vol .

Akad. Handl.

3. Cleve Eui.er Astrid. — Die Diatomeen von Schwcden und Finnland.

— K. Sv. Vet. Akad Handl Fj., Ser. Bd 4, n° 5, 1953.

4. de Toni J. B. — Sylloge Algarum II, 1891-1894.

5. Germain H. — Les lieux de développement et de multiplication

des Diatomées d’eau douce. — Bull. Sc. Nat. Ouest, Nantes, 1936.

6. Hustf.dt Fr. — Die Süsswasser flora Mitteleuropas. — H. 10 Bacilla-

riophyta, 1930.

7. Hustedt Fr. — Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands. — Oslerreich und der

Schweiz. Babh. Cryp. flora.

8. Hustedt Fr. — Die Diatomeen flora des Kustengebietes der Nordsee

von Dollart bis Zur Elbemündung. — Sond. aus Abh. nal. ver Bre-

men, 1939. Bd XXXI, H. 3.

9. Hustedt Fr. — Süsswasser Diatomeen aus dem Albert National parle

in Belgisch Kongo. — Exploration du Parc Albert Bruxelles, 1949.

10. Hustedt Fr. — Die Diatomeen flora Norddeutscherseen. — Arch. f.

Hydr., 105, 1950.

11. Schimdt A. — Atlas der Diatomaceen Kunde.

12. Van Heurck H. — Synopsis de Diatomées de Belgique. — Anvers

1880-1884.

NOTULES ALGOLOGIQUES

Cette rubrique réunit de courtes notes sans illustrations ni références biblio¬

graphiques. Elle permettra aux auteurs de publier des observations nouvelles

ne se prêtant pas à un long développement, notamment celles concernant l’éco¬

logie ou la biogéographie des Algues, ou de prendre date avant la parution d’un

travail plus complet.

Sur la taxinomie de Navicula Lagerstedtii Cleve.

Faisant suite à plusieurs discussions sur cette question, le mé¬

moire de Kolbe : (Zur Taxonomie von Navicula lagerstedtii Cl.,

Su. Bot. Tidskr., 53, 1959) a fait l’historique de cette question

sans toutefois tirer de conclusions.

Or, si l’on s’en tient objectivement et rigoureusement aux dessins

et diagnoses des auteurs, c’est-à-dire sans formuler des hypothèses

incontrôlables actuellement, deux remarques s’imposent :

1° Nav. Lagerstedti Cl. (Hustedt, 1934, in Atlas der Diatomaceen

kunde, PI. 400, Fig. 33-37. Aschersleben-Leipzig-Berlin, 1874-1959)

n’a rien de commun, si ce n’est le contour, avec Nav. Lagerstedtii

Cl. (Cleve. p.t., 1894-Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms. 1. —

Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 26-1. Stockholm ) reprise de Nav.

species (Lagerstedt 1873 — Sôtvattens-diatomacéer fran Spetsber-

gen och Beeren Ailand Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. li-t. Stock¬

holm). La figure de Lagerstedt (absence d’anneaux terminaux,

stries médianes surécartées et non marginales) ne peut être con¬

fondue avec celle d’HusTEDT (présence d’anneaux terminaux, stries

médianes marginales). Rien ne permet de suspecter a priori l’exac¬

titude de la figure de Lagerstedt; l’objectivité commande de la

prendre telle qu’elle est.

2° Pour Lund (1940 : Observations on Soil Algae. 2. New. Phyto-

logist. Vol. M-t. London) le Nav. Lagerstedti d’HusTEDT (ci-dessus)

ne serait pas autre chose que Nav. ignota Krasske (Krasske, 1932 :

Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Diatomeenflora der Alpen. Hedwigia,

Bd. 79. Dresden). Si les deux figures de cet auteur (PI. III, Fig. 19)

sont bien conformes à celles d’HusTEDT comme contour et striation,

elles ne présentent aucune interruption terminale des stries; tout

au plus pourrait-on supposer que, dans la première figure, l’écour-

tement notable des toutes dernières stries dénote que la forme

observée par Krasske présentait bien l’interruption annulaire en

question, mal vue ou négligée dans l’exécution du dessin.

NOTULES ALGOLOGIQUES

203

Or, cette hypothèse, toute gratuite, se trouve ruinée par Krasske

lui-même (Krasske, 1943 : Zur Diatomeen Lapplands. Berucksich-

tigung dentsch bot. Gesellschaft, 61) qui figure une var. palustris,

avec les anneaux caractéristiques, qu’il rattache à l’espèce Lagers-

iedtii. Si, en effet, à la suite de la publication de N. Lagerstedti

par Hustedt en 1934 (espèce évoquant N. ignota Kr. mais possédant

les anneaux terminaux) Krasske avait vérifié la présence d’an¬

neaux sur son exemplaire, il aurait, par priorité, rattaché sa variété

palustris de 1943 à son espèce ignota de 1932.

Quoi qu’il en soit, nous sommes en présence de la publication

de trois figures ditîérentes et, tant que les hypothèses émises par

divers auteurs n’auront pas été vérifiées, il semble rationnel, pour

éviter toute confusion, d’adopter les espèces suivantes :

Nav. Lagerstedtii Cleve (1894)

(stries médianes surécartées, sans anneaux).

Nav. ignota Krasske (1932)

(stries médianes écourtées simulant pseudo-stauros, sans an¬

neaux).

Nav. Lagerstedtii Hustedt (nec Cleve) (1934)

(stries médianes comme ci-dessus, avec anneaux terminaux).

R. Maillard.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Les conditions actuelles de l’imprimerie ne permettant plus d’envisager la

parution d’une Bibliographie Algologique méthodique comme dans la première

série de cette revue, il ne sera publié que des indications bibliographiques con¬

cernant les ouvrages importants ou les mémoires d’intérêt général. Les lecteurs

de langue française peuvent trouver un complément d’information dans la

«Bibliographie» paraissant en annexe au «Bulletin de la Société botanique de

France» et dans le «Bulletin analytique» publié par le Centre National de la

Recherche Scientifique.

Beck S. — Licht und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen

«nn einer sporenbildenden Cyanophycee aus déni Formenkreis von

Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck. — Flora, 153, 1963.

Le protoplasme de cette Cyanophycée marine présente une membrane

à double contour. L’appareil nucléaire est dispersé dans le cytoplasme.

Lors de la formation des endospores, chaque unité nucléaire s’entoure

d’un système de lamelles plastidiales parfaitement concentriques. Les

spores montrent une membrane même lorsqu’elles sont encore contenues

dans le sporange.

P. By.

Belcher J. H. and Swale E. M. F, — Some new and uncommon

British Volvocales. — British Phijcol. Bul., 2 , 2 , 1961.

Les auteurs signalent et décrivent des Volvocales rarement observées

des genres : Pyramimonas, Pedinomonas, Spermalozopsis, Monomas-

tix, Lobomonas, Diplostauron, Phacotus.

Ils décrivent le nov. genr. Myochloris, espèce à 2 fouets inégaux à

insertion ventrale.

P. By.

Chapmann V. J. — The marine algae of Jamaica. Part. 2. Phaeo-

phyceae and Rhodophyceae. — Bull. Inst, of Jamaica, 12 , 2 , p. 201,

1963.

Ce travail est la suite d’un premier fascicule paru en 1961 sur les

Cyanophycées et les Chlorophycées.

L’auteur signale pour la Jamaïque une cinquantaine de Phéophycées

et plus de 150 Rhodophycées.

Les figures sont presque toutes extraites de publications antérieures.

Un grand nombre d’espèces sont signalées pour la première fois à la

Jamaïque, de plus quelques espèces nouvelles des genres Ectocarpus,

Acrochaetium, et Herposiphonia sont décrites et figurées.

M. Dz.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

205

Christen H. R. — Zur Taxonomie der Farblosen Eugleninen.

Nov. Hedwigia, 4, 3 + 4, 1962

L’auteur donne une synthèse originale de la taxinomie et de la Phylo¬

génie des Eugléniens incolores. Au cours de son travail, il décrit 2 nov.

genres : le genre Parmidium, voisin des Phacus incolores et le genre

Pseudoperanema pour les Peranema à 2 fouets; le genre Peranema est

réservé aux formes à fouet unique.

De nombreuses espèces nouvelles des genres Menoidium, Rhabdomonas,

Calycimonas, Petalomonas, Nolosolenus, Dinema sont décrites et figurés.

L’auteur reprend la systématique de tous les Eugléniens en précisant

les limites de chaque genre. Il reconnaît les 2 ordres des Euglenales et

des Peranemales. Dans les Euglenales nous trouvons 3 familles : Eugle-

naceae, Aslasiaceae et Colaciaceae. Les Peranemales sont divisées en

Peranemaceae, Petalomonadaceae et Anisonemaceae. Remarquons que

d’après Silva (Taxon, 9, 1 , 1960, non cité par Christen) le genre Dine¬

ma Perty doit prendre le nom de Dinematomonas Silva (il existe une

Orchidée et un Coléoptère du nom de Dinema).

Ce travail excellent est une mise au point très précise d’un grand

intérêt.

P. Bourrelly.

Ch'ristensen T. — Palmella formation in Radiofilum transver¬

sale (Bréb.) nov. comb. — Flora, 152, 1962.

L’auteur observe en culture des formations palmelloïdcs chez 17/or-

mospora transversalis de Bréb. Il montre que cette algue est identique

au Radiofilum irregulare (Wille) Brunn. Le nom correct est donc Radio¬

filum transversale (Breb.) Christ.

P. By.

Claus G. — Data on the ecology of the Algae of Peace cave in

Ilungary. — Nov. Hedwigia, 4, 1 / 2 , 1962.

L’auteur poursuit ses travaux de floristique et d’écologie sur les grottes

de Hongrie.

Les cultures faites à partie de matériel recueilli dans une grotte à

l’obscurité totale, à température constante (environ 10°) et très forte

humidité (98-100 %) sont très riches en espèces : 68 Gyanophycées,

2 Euglénophytes, 4 Chrysophycées, 4 Diatomées, 11 Chlorophycées et

une Rhodophycéc. Description d’espèces nouvelles d’algues bleues des

genres : Fortiea (1), Pseudanabaena, Phormidium, Lyngbya et Palikiella.

P. By.

Dangeard P. — Sur le développement de Punctaria latifolia

Gréville récolté dans le Bassin d’Arcachon. — Le Botaniste, 46,

pp. 205-224.

Les zoospores des sporocystes pluriloculaircs donnent naissance à des

pléthysmothalles porteurs de sporocytes et de plantules, elles-mêmes

(1; Et non Fortiella comme l’indique par erreur le texte.

206

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

fertiles; des zoospores issues des sporocystes uniloculaires germent di¬

rectement en plethysmothalles identiques aux précédents ce qui remet

en question les cycles possibles de cette espèce.

M. Dz.

Dangeard P. — Biologie et Sexualité de quelques Ulua. — Le

Botaniste, 46, pp. 181-204, 1963.

Remarques sur quelques Ulva françaises et marocaines. Possibilité de

copulation entre Ulva lactuca et Ulva rigida et discussion sur la valeur

de cette dernière espèce. Description d’une variété nouvelle du Maroc

(Ulva linearis var. lata).

M. D z.

Dawson E. Y. — Marine red algae of Pacific Mexico VI. — Nova

.iedwigia, 5, pp. 431-476, 19 pl., 1963,

Suite des travaux précédents : Leplofauchea auricularis nov. sp., Mari-

pelta nov. genr., Maripelta thivyae nov. sp., Bolrgocladia adhaerens

nov. sp., B. guaymasensis nov. sp. sont décrites et figurées.

M. Dz.

Ercegovic A. — Contribution à la connaissance de certains gen¬

res d’Algues rouges en Adriatique. — Act. Adriatica, Split, 10 , 5,

1963.

L’auteur étudie certaines Rhodophycées ciui étaient encore inconnues

de l’Adriatique.

Les genres Bonnemaisonia, Thuretella, Ilalymenia, Calosiphonia, Ne-

masloma, Plaloma, Bhodymenia sont passées en revue.

L’auteur décrit quelques taxa nouveaux et donnent des précisions

morphologiques, cytologiques, écologiques sur ces algues. Il décrit enfin

enfin le nov. gen. Pterocladiopsis dont la place systématique reste incer¬

taine, car il n’a pas pu observer d’organes reproducteurs.

P. By.

Ettl H. — Uber zwei Sphaerellopsis-Avien. — Nov. Hedwigia, S,

1963.

L’auteur précise les caractères qui séparent Sphaerellopsis de Chla-

mydomonas et propose 4 nov. comb. pour des espèces rangées autrefois

dans les Chlamydomonas.

P. By.

Geitler. — Inâquale Teilungen von Chromatophoren und die

ersten Teilungen des Keimlings von Coleochaete scutata. — Planta,

58, 1962.

— — Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an Co¬

leochaete Arten. — Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 109, 4/5, 1962.

Source : MNHN. F

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

207

— — Die Entwicklungsgeschichte von Coleochate nitella-

rum und das Rechts-Links Problems. — Ibid.

L’auteur continue ses travaux de morphologie sur les Coleochaete. Il

étudie avec beaucoup de précision les premiers stades de développe¬

ment lors de la germination des zoospores végétatives ainsi que la for¬

mation des spermaties. Dans les nombreuses espèces observées, germi¬

nation et formation des spermaties présentent toujours une division iné¬

gale de la cellule et du plaste. L’auteur étudie aussi la formation des

poils engainés lors de la germination des jeunes thalles.

P. By.

Gerloff J. — Beitrâge zur Kenntnis einiger Volvocales II. —

Nov. Hedwigia, 4, 1 / 2 , 1962.

L’auteur ressuscite le genre Chloromonas pour les Chlamydomonas

sans pyrénoïde. Il considère avec juste raison que ce caractère, qui est

d’une constance remarquable, justifie une coupure générique.

Il décrit ensuite quelques nov. sp. de Chloromonas et de Chlamydo-

monas. Signalons la découverte d’un Chlamydomonas à 4 vacuoles con¬

tractiles apicales.

L’auteur précise la description de Polyblepharides singularis Dan-

geard., espèce à 8 fouets, sans cratère flagellaire, fort rarement signalée.

P. By.

Hillard D. K. el Asmund B. — Studies on Chrysophyceae from

sonie Ponds and Lakes in Alaska II. — Hydrobiologia, 22 , 3-4, 1963.

Ce remarquable travail consacré aux genres Dinobryon, Hyalobryon,

et Epipyxis résoud enfin, grâce au microscope électronique, la question

des limites des trois genres cités.

Les auteurs démontrent que les Hyalobryon ont une logette composée

d’écailles elliptiques imbriquées. Cette structure, identique à celle que

l’on observe chez les Epipyxis, permet de supprimer le genre Hyalo¬

bryon. Ne restent donc que les genres Epipyxis à logettes écailleuses et

les Dinobryon à logettçs sans écaille. C’est là une conclusion parfaite¬

ment logique.

Les auteurs décrivent de ce fait toute une série de nov. comb. ainsi

que 12 nov. sp. d'Epipyxis et 2 nov. sp. de Dinobryon. Nous regrettons

seulement qu’ils ne donnent pas de clef de détermination du genre Epi-

Van den Hoek C. — Sur la synonymie de trois Ulves d’eau sau¬

mâtre : Ulua curvata, U. dangeardii et U. incurvata. — Phycologia,

2, 4, 1963.

L’auteur montre que Ulva incurvata Parriaud, et Ulva Dangeardii

Gayral et S. de Mazancourt sont des synonymes de YHlva curvata (Ktz.)

de Tani, décrite en 1845 par Kützing sous le nom de Phycoseris curvata.

208

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

L’auteur donne des photographies du type et des dessins du thalle en

coupe et en vue de surface.

P. By.

Van der Hoek C. — Révision of the European species of Clado-

phora. — Thèse Univ. Leiden, 1963.

Quelques mois après le mémoire de Soderstrôm sur les Cladophora de

l’Atlantique Nord, voici une monographie sur l’ensemble des Cladophora

d’Europe. Ce travail est un volume de 248 pages complété par 55 plan¬

ches. Nous avions 15 espèces pour l’Atlantique Nord, chez Soderstrôm

nous arrivons ici à 34 espèces retenues (38 taxa avec les variétés).

Après une courte introduction de 27 pages de généralité, morphologie,

cytologie, reproduction, cultures, écologie, distribution, l’auteur étudie

avec une grande précision les 38 taxa européens : 27 taxa sont marins

et 11 d’eau douce.

Le genre tel que le définit l’auteur englobe les genres Basicladia,

Ranm et Aegagropila. Il divise le genre en 11 sections : Affines, Cha-

maethammnion, Basicladia, Repentes, Aegagropila, Boodleoides, Cornu-

ta, Rupestres, Cladophora, Glomeraiae, Longiarliculatae. La définition

des espèces est fondée sur l’étude du type d’herbier. L’auteur a fait de

nombreux séjours à l’étranger pour examiner un nombre considérable

d’échantillons d’herbier. Cela l’a conduit, hélas, à remanier la synony¬

mie : ainsi les 15 espèces du mémoire de Soderstrôm se retrouvent

dans le présent ouvrage sous des noms différents. Par exemple la syno¬

nymie de Cladophora f racla v. frac ta occupe plus de 3 pages; celle de

Cl. sericea 2 pages. D’un autre côté, l’auteur n’a pas multiplié les taxa,

bien au contraire, ainsi le genre Aegagropila sect. Aegagropila ren¬

ferme 6 espèces dans Brand : l’auteur lui n’admet que la seule espèce

Cladophora aegagropila. Ainsi définie l’espèce renferme à la fois des

thalles en boules, des thalles en coussinets et des thalles gazonnants ce

qui est peut-être difficile à admettre. Malgré une clef de détermination

bien faite, des descriptions très précises et de nombreux et excel¬

lents dessins, il semble, pour un profane, que la détermination des Cla¬

dophora reste souvent difficile. Il faut pourtant remercier l’auteur cha¬

leureusement de nous apporter les fruits de son expérience et de faci¬

liter ainsi la tâche des algologues.

P. Bourrelly.

Nurul Islam A. K. M. — A révision of the genus Stigeoclonium.

— Beith. z. Noua. Hedwigia, io, 164 p.; 47 pl., 1963.

L’auteur donne une monographie très complète du genre Sligeoclo-

nium, fondée sur l’étude du matériel des grands herbiers mondiaux et

des algues récoltées par lui-mlême.

Une quarantaine de pages sont consacrées aux généralités : historique,

morphologie, zoospores, gamètes, zygote, stade palmelloïde, formation

des ramifications, cultures, écologie, distribution géographique, associa¬

tion. Puis l'auteur précise les limites du genre en montrant les caractères

des genres voisins : Cloniophora et Draparnaldia. La page 50 nous

donne la clef de détermination des 28 espèces reconnues dans le genre.

Parmi ces espèces signalons 3 espèces nouvelles. Pour chaque espèce

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

209

nous trouverons : la bibliographie et l’iconographie, puis la synony¬

mie. Enfin une description très précise, l’indication du type, des re¬

marques critiques et la longue liste des échantillons examinés, classés

par région. Une excellente illustration de 47 planches originales com¬

plète le volume.

Une liste terminale des 73 espèces connues de Stigeoclonium est ac¬

compagné de commentaires justifiant la synonymie ou le rejet de cer¬

taines espèces.

Le genre est divisé en 3 groupes, afin de permettre une détermination

plus aisée des espèces : le 1 er groupe renferme les espèces dont les axes

et les branches primaires sont morphologiquement identiques, les cel¬

lules sont toutes de même forme.

Dans le 3 e groupe sont les espèces où l’axe présente deux types de

cellules : cellules courtes produisant les ramifications, cellules allongées

sans ramification.

Dans le 2° groupe se trouvent les formes intermédiaires entre les

groupes 1 et 3, où se montrent déjà une légère différenciation des cel¬

lules de l’axe. 11 pages de bibliographie, un index alphabétique des

genres et espèces terminent le travail.

Nous avons là, un travail très précis, très conciencieux qui fait hon¬

neur à son auteur, et rendra service à tous les algologues en rendant

possible (sinon facile) la détermination des Stigeoclonium.

P. Bourrelly.

Javornicky P. — Two scarcely known généra of the class Dino-

phyceae : Bernardinium Chod. and Crypthecodinium Biechl. —

Preslin, 34, 1962.

L’auteur montre que le genre Bernardinium diffère d'Ilemidinium

par l’absence de tabulation de la membrane. De ce fait 2 espèces d ’Ue-

midinium sont versées dans le genre Bernardinium.

Les cultures montrent que le Cry pthecodinium setense Biechl. est iden¬

tique à Glenodinium Cohnii Seligo. Cette espèce doit donc prendre le

nom de Cryptheeodinium Cohnii (Seligo) nov. comb. Il s’agit d’une

Dinococcale dont les zoospores, à tabulation visible seulement après

imprégnation argentique, rappellent les Gyrodinium.

P. By.

.Jonsson S. — Recherches sur les Cladophoracées marines (struc¬

ture, reproduction, cycles comparés, conséquences systématiques).

Ann. Sc. Nat. Botanique, 12' sér., 3, 1 , 2 , pp. 25-230, 48 fig., 16 pl.,

1962.

L’auteur fait avec soin, et précision, une étude comparée des prin¬

cipaux genres de Cladophoracées marines, et s’attache surtout à la mor¬

phologie, à la cytologie et à la reproduction chez Acrosiphonia et Spon-

gomorpha.

Chez les formes ramifiées, la ramification se fait toujours par bour¬

geonnement d’une cellule intercalaire. Par contre le mode d’insertion

•les rameaux se produit avec (chez Cladophora) ou sans évection ( Acro¬

siphonia, Spongomorpha). Les rameaux sont à croissance illimitée grâce

Source : MNHN, Paris

210

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

à l’action de cellules intercalaires ou apicales. Chez Acrosiphonia spi-

nescens, certains rameaux ont uniquement une croissance intercalaire

ce qui explique la présence de formes en crochet.

L’ancrage du thalle se fait par rhizoïdes pluricellulaires ( Spongomor-

pha, Acrosiphonia ) ou unicellulaires ( Cladophora, Urospora).

Il y a deux types de développement : 1°) chez Acrosiphonia spines-

cens et Spongomorpha lanosa, l’embryospore donne soit un filament

pluricellulaire rampant, soit un massif discoïde rampant, puis des fila¬

ments dressés, simples et enfin le thalle ramifié.

2”) chez Cladophora, Chaelomorpha, Rhizocloninm , l’embryospore

donne directement une cellule basale à rhizoïde, et une cellule api¬

cale, initale du thalle dressé. La paroi cellulaire, après étude de l’orga¬

nisation moléculaire de la paroi glucidique par radiocristallographie et

microradiographie, montre un dualisme chez les Cladophoradées. La

paroi a une structure lamclleuse avec orientation définie des cristallites,

chez les Cladophora, tandis que Urospora, Acrosiphonia, Spongomorpha,

montrent une substance membranaire à cristallisation défectueuse, sans

orientation privilégiée des cristallites. L’appareil plastidial est arehéo-

plastidié chez Acrosiphonia, tandis qu’il est mésoplastidié chez Clado¬

phora, Chaelomorpha. De même structure des pyrénoïdes, et mode de

cloisonnement permettent de séparer Cladophora d’ Acrosiphonia, Spon¬

gomorpha, et Urospora. Les cycles de reproduction se révèlent digéné-

tique hétéromorphe chez Acrosiphonia (alternance entre Acrosiphonia

spinescens et Codiolum pelrocelides), chez Spongomorpha lanosa (alter

nance entre Chlorochytrium inclusum et Spongomorpha) comme chez

Urospora. Ces ensembles de faits et d’observation, conduisent l’auteur

a créer une nov. famille des Acrosiphoniacées (avec les genres Acrosi¬

phonia, Urospora et Spongomorpha), famille qui constituera l’ordre nou¬

veau des Acrosiphoniales. Cet ordre, sans affinités, avec les Cladopho-

racées vraies, se rapproche de celui des Ulothricales, tandis que la

famille des Cladophoracées prend place dans les Siphonocladalcs.

P. Bourrelly.

Joyon L. — Contribution à l’étude cytologique de quelques Pro¬

tozoaires flagellés. — Ann. Fac. Sc. Univ. Clermont-Ferrand, n° 22 ,

Biol, anim., l, 96 p., 18 fig., 37 pl., 1963.

Malgré son litre voici un mémoire qui intéresse vivement les algo-

logues car les « Protozoaires » qui yl sont étudiés sont pour la plupart des

Protophytes.

Sur 96 pages grand format du texte, 52 sont consacrées à des algues,

le reste se rapportant à des flagellés incolores véritablement protozo¬

aires : Proleromonas et Trichomonas.

L’auteur étudie d’abord par les techniques classiques de la cytologie

en microscopie optique, puis par des coupes en microscopie électroni¬

que, les organismes suivants :

1° Chrysophycées : Ilgdrurus fœtidus et Dinobryon divergeas.

2° Volvocai.es : Volvox aureus, Hematococcus pluvialis et Stephanos

sphaera pluvialis.

6 Cryptophycées : Cryptomonas sp. et Chilomonas paramecium.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

211

Signalons simplement quelques unes des observations les plus impor¬

tantes : l’auteur chez Hydrurus compare la cytologie des cellules du

• halle à celle des zoospores : il montre que les dictyosomes des cellules

végétatives se condensent en appareil parabasal chez la zoospore. Celle-ci

n’a qu’un fouet unique, mais 2 blépharoplastes dont l’un est incontes¬

tablement un organite rudimentaire Reste d’un deuxième flagel! \

Chez Dinobryon le photocepteur montre une curieuse coaptation avec

le stigma.

Chez les Volvocales les bléphoroplastes sont reliés par un double

système fibreux. Une série de très bonnes photographies précisent la

structure interne des pyrénoïdes, des Chrysophycées et des Volvocales.

Chez les Cryptomonas : l’amphosome de Hollande est un pyrénoïde

typique.

Le stigma des Volvocales est formé par des granules de carotène dis¬

posés régulièrement entre les lames des bords du plaste. Chez les Crypto-

monadines du genre Chilomonas, l’auteur décelle la présence d’un leuco-

plaste. Il précise la formation extraplastidiale de l’amidon et met en

évidence un sac périplastidial en relation avec la membrane nucléaire.

De lecture facile, ce travail très clair, très précis, accompagné d’une

bibliographie abondante, d’une illustration remarquable, fait une syn¬

thèse de nos connaissances en Cytologie comparée pour les trois groupes

de Phytoflagellés étudiés.

Il nous reste à souhaiter qu’un jour, les Euglènes, les Dinophycées,

les Chloromonadines fassent l’objet d’un mémoire complémentaire.

P. Bourrkli.y.

Kamat N. I). — Chlorophyceae of Ahmedabad, India. Hydrobio-

logia, 20 , 3, 1962.

Etude floristique des Chlorophycées (Volvocales à Desmidiées inclus),

d’une région de l’Inde occidentale.

L’auteur signale 126 taxa dont 18 nouveautés appartenant aux genres :

Bulbochaele, Oedogonium, Ocdocladinm, Oocystis, Actinastrum (nous

pensons qu’il s’agit simplement d’une petite forme de Coelaslrnm ), Spi-

rogyra, Sirogonium, Cosnmrium. Signalons la présence de Pithophora et

de Frilschiella. p g Y

Kornmann P. — Der Lebenszyclus einer marinen UIothrix-Art.

- Helg. Wiss. Meeresunt. 8/4, pp. 357-360, 1963.

Observations sur des cultures à’Uloihrix maintenues dans des condi¬

tions diverses.

Existence d’un stade rappelant par sa forme un Codiohim. Compa¬

raison avec les travaux antérieurs.

M. Dz.

t Kuckuck P. — Ectocarpaceên-studien VIII. — Ilelg. Wiss.

Meeresunt. 8/4, pp. 361-382, 1963.

Dernière partie de la publication par les soins de P. Kormann, des

notes manuscrites sur les Ectocarpacées laissées par Kuckuck.

L’ensemble doit être réimprimé séparemment par l’éditeur dans quel¬

que temps.

M. Dz,

212

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Kumar H. D. — Observations on the developmental variability

of Camptylonema lahorense. — Hydrobiologia, 20 , 4, 1962.

L’auteur cultive cette Cyanophycée et étudie les variations morpholo¬

giques en les comparant avec le polymorphisme de l’algue dans la nature.

En culture les fausses ramifications simples ou géminées sont très

fréquentes, tandis qu’elles sont fort rares dans la nature. Pour l’auteur

ce genre doit être placé parmi les Scytonematacées-

Remarquons que Desikachary dans son volume Cyanophyta (1959)

place Camptylonema lahorense dans le genre Camptylonemopsis et dans

les Scytonematacées, tandis que le nom Camptylonema est réservé pour

les espèces présentant de vraies ramifications.

P. B Y.

Lackey J. B. — Three new colorless Euglenophyceae from ma¬

rine situations. — Arclx. /'. Mikrobiol, 42, 1962.

L’auteur décrit une nov. sp. de Sphenomonas, une nov. sp. d'Enlosi-

phon et le nov. gen. d’Euglenien Péranématacée : Penlomonas.

Ce dernier a contour pentagonal, à section en trapèze, possède 3 ou 4

épines marginales, un fouet unique et un noyau placé au voisinage du

cytopharynx.

Les 3 organismes vivent dans les eaux marines, sur des fonds de vase

ou de sable.

P. By.

Lund J. W. G. — Unsolved problems in the classification of the

non-motile Chrysophyceae with references to those in parallel

groups. — Preslia, 34, 1962.

L’auteur montre les grandes difficultés que rencontre la systématique

des Chryophycécs non flagellées. Il souligne entre autre l’imprécision

de certains termes : palmelloïde, division végétative, autospores, etc...

dont le sens varie avec les auteurs.

Le but de cette note est d’attirer l’attention sur des points bien précis

qui méritent de nouvelles observations cl de nouvelles études qui per¬

mettrons, espérons-le, d’arriver à une classification plus rationnelle.

P. By.

Lund J. W. — A rarely recorded but very comraon Bristish Alga,

Rhodomonas minuta Skuja. — British Phycol. Bull., 2 , 3, 1962.

L’auteur étudie avec beaucoup de soins la morphologie et la cytologie

d’une petite Cryptomonadale, abondante dans les lacs de la région de

Windermeere. Cette espèce de petite taille : 5-20 u., passe souvent ina¬

perçu malgré son abondance. Les variations de taille, la périodicité de

Rhodomonas sont suivies pendant plusieurs années. On note comme pro¬

duction massive, maximale jusqu’à 3-4 millions de cellules par litre. La

croissance maximum est observée pendant la période estivale, le mini¬

mum se tient en hiver et en automne. Cette croissance ne semble pas

liée ni à la température, ni l’oxygène, ni aux sels dissous, elle reste com¬

plètement inexplicable.

P. By.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

213

Margalef R. — Registre fosil de fluctuaciones climâticas de cor-

lo periodo en el area pirenaica y en época miocénica. (Act.

3* congr. intern. estud. pirenaicos, Gerona, 1958). — Inst, estud.

piren. Zaragoza, 1962

L’auteur étudie les variations de taille de la Diatoméc : Melosira is-

landica var. helvetica dans le miocène lacustre de Cerdagne. Il obtient

des courbes plurinodales avee de grandes différences pour des couches

distantes de 0,5 mm. Ce sont là des variations annuelles de taille, les dia¬

tomées d’été étant plus petites que celles d’hiver. On peut donc consi¬

dérer qu’une année correspond à un sédiment de 1/2 à 1 mm. De plus

on trouve des variations plus ou moins régulières pour une épaisseur de

sédiment de 1 cm. Cette oscillations correspondant à une période de

10 à 20 ans parallèle à des oscillations climatiques.

Ce phénomène de période de 10 à 20 ans est connu chez les sédiments

diatomiques récents des lacs suisses.

P. By.

Mattox K. et Bold H. C. — Phycological studies III, the taxo-

nomy of certains Ulothrichacean Algae. — Univ. Texas publ., n° 6

222, 1962.

Les auteurs étudient une série d’Ulothrieales obtenues en culture de

sol. Ils précisent les limites des genres Ulothrix, Uronema, Hormidium

et Stichococcus. Pour les auteurs, le genre Uronema doit être supprimé

et entrer dans le cadre d'Ulolhrix dont la diagnose est quelque peu modi¬

fié; ils proposent quelques nov. comb. et décrivent 3 nov. sp. d’Ulolhrix.

\.'Ulolhrix subtilissima Rabenh est transféré dans le genre Ilormidium.

Les auteurs précisent la diagnose d’Hormidium et de Slichococcus et

indiquent les caractères physiologiques et systématiques des algues étu¬

diées en culture.

Excellentes illustrations en photographie et en figures au trait (57 fi¬

gures et clichés photographiques).

P. By.

Mignot J. P. — Quelques particularités de l’ultrastructure d'En-

losiphon sulcatum, ilagellé Euglénien. — C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 257,

1963.

Cette trop courte note nous révèle la complexité extraordinaire de

eet Euglénien incolore.

Le siphon est constitué par 3 baguettes à section triangulaire, baguettes

formées d’un faisceau de libres tubulaires réunies entre elles par 6 fi¬

brilles rayonnantes.

Les 2 fouets ont chacun 2 blépharoplastes, de plus ils sont très épais

et en plus des fibrillesi classiques, portent une sorte de cordon qui double

le fouet. Ce cordon est différent chez les deux fouets. Il y a donc là poul¬

ies fouets et le siphon un ensemble structural vraiment particulier.

P. By.

Source : MNHN, Paris

214

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Pitschmann H. — Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gat-

tung Heterococcus. — Nov. Hedwigia, 5, 1963.

L’auteur nous donne une monographie des nombreuses espèces d’//e-

lerococcus obtenues dans des cultures de sols de divers pays. 10 espèces

(VHeterococcus étaient connus grâce aux travaux de Vischer. L’auteur

décrit 35 espèces nouvelles.

Pour chaque espèce il donne une diagnose très complète accompagnée

d’illustrations où figurent la plante en culture normale, âgée de 14 jours,

les zoospores et les germinations de l’âge de 4 jours, enfin l’algue sur

milieu glucosé à 1 %, à l’âge de 14 jours. Pour permettre une détermi¬

nation plus sûre de ces algues, l’auteur donne une clef de détermination

très complète renfermant les espèces nouvelles et les espèces ancienne¬

ment reconnues.

Il sépare les formes prostées des formes érigées (en culture). Ces der¬

nières, les plus nombreuses, sont divisées en 2 groupes paucicellulaires

et multicellulaires. Cet important travail, fort bien illustré, précis et

concis, rendra de grands services aux spécialistes des algues du sol.

P. Bourrelly.

Pringheim E. G. — Farblosc Algen, ein Beitrage zur Evolutions-

forchung. — G. Fischer Verlog, 471 p., 80 fig., 1963.

Cet implorant ouvrage est une véritable somme de nos connaissances

sur les algues incolores. De plus il est l’oeuvre d’un des promoteurs des

cultures pures d’algues et l’auteur éclaire les problèmes difficiles qu’il

expose grâce à son expérience de physiologiste et de systématicien.

Souvent les travaux de physiologie manquent d’intérêt pour le systc-

maticien et vice versa. Ici au contraire, nous avons une symbiose féconde

entre systématique et physiologie.

Ce volume se divise en 6 chapitres :

1°) introduction avec généralités, historiques, méthode de culture cl

problèmes posés.

2°) Morphologie : rappel détaillé et très moderne de la morphologie

cellulaire, de la cytologie; plastcs, pigments, chondriosomes, réserves,

structure des fouets, stigma, apochlorose.

3°) Taxinomie : généralités, puis étude détaillée des algues incolores

des grands phytums : Cyanophycées, Bactéries, Sulfo-organisines, Chry-

sophytes, Cryptophyeécs, Eugléniens, Chloromonadines, Dinophycécs,

Chlorophyeées, Bhodophycées.

4°) Physiologie : nutrition, sources de carbone, d’azote, nutrition ani¬

male, sexualité.

5") Ecologie : avec symbiose, parasitisme, chimiotaxie, phototaxi;',

géotaxie.

6°) Les processus d’apparition des algues incolores.

Une très abondante bibliographie de 30 pages, une liste des auteurs

cités, un index alphabétique des espèces étudiées complètent le volume.

La simple lecture de cette table des matières (que nous avons pourtant

abrégée) suffira à montrer la richesse documentaire et tout l’intérêt de

cet important ouvrage, qui est fondé à la fois sur la connaissance par¬

faite des travaux antérieurs et sur la longue expérience et les recherches

personnelles originales de l’auteur.

P. Bourrelly.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

215

Puiseux-Dao S. — Recherches biologiques et physiologiques sur

quelques Dasycladacées en particulier le Batophora Oerstedii et

YAcetabularia mediterraena. — Thèse de la Fac. Sc. Paris, 1960,

Rev. Gen. Bot., 1962.

L’auteur a cultivé en laboratoire Y Acetabularia mediterranea prove¬

nant des côtes françaises et le Bathophora Oerstedii venant des Antilles.

L’ouvrage se divise en 5 chapitres :

1" les généralités, 2° cycle biologique des deux algues, 3° cycle nu¬

cléaire, 4" nutrition des algues en cultures, 5° fonctionnement du noyau

quiescent.

L’auteur suit le cycle complet des algues en culture et montre la

grande affinité cytologique des Bathophora et d ’Acetabularia malgré

les différences structurales.

Le noyau primaire, unique, de très grande taille (plus d’un dixième

de mm) est caractérisé par d’énormes nucléoles en filament épais qui

produisent dans le suc nucléaire de nombreuses gouttelettes.

Ces gouttelettes filtrent dans le cytoplasme par les porcs de la mem¬

brane. 11 semble que cette sécrétion, influencée par la photosynthèse,

entravée par l’obscurité, perturbée par la ribonucléase, est constituée

par des ribonucléo-protéines. Le noyau primaire est polyploïde; dans

les jeunes germinations on assiste à une série d’endomitoses qui multi¬

plient les chromosomes et les nucléoles.

La jeune plante donne un thalle siphoné à noyau unique basal puis

file produit, après division nucléaire, de nombreux cystes à petits noyaux

diploïdes; les cystes donneront par germination des thalles normaux

où le noyau deviendra polyploïde. Par le même processus se forment des

zoospores végétatives à 2 fouets et un noyau ainsi que des gamètes après

méiose.

Une légère anisogamie caractérise la fusion sexuelle.

Les cultures des deux Dasycladacées montrent que ces algues ont

besoin, comme source d’azote, d’acides aminés et d’amides. Les ni¬

trates et surtout les sels ammoniacaux sont toxiques.

L’auteur précise aussi la cytologie de ces algues, aussi bien en mi¬

croscopie optique qu’au microscope électronique.

Comme on le voit, ce mémoire, fort bien illustré, explique de façon

nette, le cycle des Dasycladacées, et le mystère de ces siphonées uni-

nuclécs dont le gros noyau végétatif n’est en quelque sorte que la

somme de petits noyaux.

P. Boureli.y

Rathsack-Kunzenbach R. — Zur Cyanophyceenflora der West-

küste von Riigen I. — Inter. Rev. Ges. Hijdrobiol., 46, 4, pp. 653-

663, 1961.

L’auteur publie une intéressante étude systématique avec remarques

écologiques des Cyanophycées de la côte allemande de la Baltique.

Elle découvre 33 espèces croissant dans une eau à 8 %o de sel : elle

donne de précieux renseignements sur l’exposition des algues et leur

périodicité.

P. B Y.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

216

Rieth A. — Das Akinetenstadium von Vaucheria. — Monatber.

Deutch. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 4, s, 1962.

— Uber Gongrosira dichoftoma Kiitz. und Asterosiphon Dang.

— Limnologicn (Berlin), l, 3, 1962.

L’auteur retrouve le Gongrosira dichotoma Kiitz. et montre à l’aide de

culture qu’il s’agit bien de Y Asterosiphon de Dangeard. Il suit le déve¬

loppement complet de l’algue. Il faut cependant intercaler dans le cycle

de développement la présence de spores amiboïdes que Dangeard (le

Botaniste, 31, 1941) a signalé et décrit.

L’algue doit s’appeler : Asterosiphon dichotomus (Kiitz.) Dang. Il

s’agit d’une Xantophycée proche des Vaucheria (mais sans sexualité) et

de Bolrydinm. P- By.

Schlüter M. — Die Diatomeen Gesellschaften des Naturchutz-

gebites Strausberg bei Berlin. — Int. Ben. Ges. Hydrobiol, 46, 4,

pp. 562-609, 1961.

Etude phytosociologique et écologique des Diatomées d’une tourbière

alcaline, suivant la méthode de Braun-Blanquet. L’auteur signale 232

espèces cl 100 var. de Diatomées. Il distingue 3 alliances : eaux cou¬

rantes, (avec deux associations), marais eutrophes (2 associations); grou¬

pements aérophiles (3 associations).

De longues listes indiquent la composition de ces groupements avec

indication de l’abondance et des conditions écologiques. P. By.

Soderstrôm J. — Studies in Cladophora. — Bot. Gothoburg, 1,

Act. Univer., Gotlierburg., 1963.

Ce mémoire de 147 pages soigneusement illustré par 125 figures est

une excellent révision des Cladophora de l’Atlantique Nord de l’Europe.

L’auteur étudie 15 espèces avec beaucoup de soins. Il accorde une

très grande valeur systématique à la taille des cellules.

Pour chaque espèce, il établit un diagramme fondé sur les mesures

de longueur et de largeur de 100 cellules. Ces mesures sont portées sur

un graphique. On a ainsi pour chaque espèce un essaim de points dont

la répartition dans le graphique est caractéristique d’espèce. Une clef

dichotomique de détermination des 15 espèces, utilise à la fois les di¬

mensions cellulaires et les caractères donnés par les rhizoïdes, le mode

de ramification, la couleur, l’écologie. Tous les algologues savent com¬

bien il est difficile de déterminer certaines espèces de Cladophora. Dans

ce genre les critères systématiques semblent évanescents et les carac¬

tères sont tellement variables qu’il est souvent impossible de tracer les

limites d’une espèce.

L’auteur, avec sa méthode originale de mensurations, nous apporte donc

un grand espoir. Il faut souhaiter que cette méthode soit appliquée sur

le plus grand nombre d’espèces possible afin d’en éprouver la constance

et d’en vérifier l’efficacité. P. Bourrelly.

Le Gérant : R. Lami. — Imp. Monnoyer, Le Mans.