3. MUSCIDAE:

A.—MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE

By Fritz vAN EMDEN, Pu.D., xe

(Imperial Institute of Entomology)

THE collections obtained by the Ruwenzori Expedition of 1934-5 include

nearly 3000 specimens of Muscidae, of which about 300 belong to the sub-

families Muscinae and Stomoxydinae. These two subfamilies are dealt with in

this paper in advance of the other groups, because the latter will take some time

to work out. In addition to this material, East African collections received

from Tanganyika, Uganda, Kenya, and the Sudan by the Imperial Institute of

Entomology have been worked out, and the collections of the British Museum

as well as the accessions from the areas mentioned were studied, in order to

give a good picture of the distribution of the species found. It was thought

advisable to tabulate the genera of Muscinae of the Ethiopian region and to

include keys to the species in some of the genera.

The distribution of many of the species is not known well enough to allow

zoogeographical speculations. Nevertheless the material emphasizes sufficiently

that it was collected on high elevations, such forms as Morellia curvitibia Stein,

Pyrellia albocuprea Villen., Orthellia bequaerti Villen., and Musca dasyops Stein

being evidently confined to higher altitudes. Some of the new forms may also

be endemic in the higher mountains. Still more interesting is in my opinion

the complete lack of such common species as Stomoxys calcitrans L. and S. nigra

Macq., though these blood-sucking flies are so widely distributed and numerous

in the lower regions of Kenya, Uganda, etc.

The single male of Musca domestica L. may be of particular interest. It is

almost generally accepted that the true Musca domestica L.—with broadly

separated male eyes—occurs in the temperate regions only and is represented

in the tropics and subtropics by Musca vicina Macq. with a smaller eye-distance.

The introduction of domestica into seaports, etc., was regarded as possible and

even probable. The specimens found by Dr. Edwards on Mt. Kinangop can,

however, hardly be thought to be so imported, though a European settlement is

present at the place of capture. If Musca domestica s. str. had established

itself at this place, it certainly would often be found in many of the interio1

parts of Africa. The more probable explanation is, in my opinion, the lowe!

temperature of the high altitude, in which the fly lived, which may have an

Die

50 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

effect similar to that of the climate of temperate regions. Further captures

on high mountains in the tropics would have to be studied of course, and

breeding experiments made, before a definite opinion on this subject is possible.

In other groups of insects genera have repeatedly been found on the high

elevations of East Africa which are otherwise palearctic and northern oriental

in distribution. The only forms in the present paper that may be examples of

this type of distribution are the two new subspecies of Musca autumnalis.

The occurrence of this species in the Ethiopian Region has never before been

definitely established. (See Bezzi, 1911, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 6: 90; Patton

does not mention this species in either of his two comprehensive papers on the

Musca of this region.) Though the two forms described here differ from the

European autumnalis in several important points, they are certainly very closely

related to it, and their occurrence on the high mountains of East Africa may

well be compared with that of genera like the Carabids Calathus and Amara.

As the literature and synonymy are dealt with in Séguy’s recent important

work (1937, Genera Insect. fasc. 205), only those references and synonyms are

mentioned which are new or to which my remarks refer.

The few abbreviations used are known generally but arenevertheless explained

below. The abdominal segments are counted in the usual way, 1.e. the first two

connate segments as one, so that the last entirely free tergite is the fourth.

Genera and forms mentioned in this report but not represented in the material

of the Ruwenzori Expedition are put in square brackets, except in the key to

the species of Musca.

B.M. — British Museum (Natural History).

F.W.E. Dr. F. W. Edwards.

acy acrostichal bristles. prst presutural.

dc dorsocentral bristles. R5 ist posterior cell.

h humeral cross-vein, VI first vein.

la intraalar bristles. v4-+5 third vein.

m median vein. y-m — small cross-vein.

post — postsutural. sa supraalar bristles.

pra _ prealar bristle. sc auxiliary vein.

prsc_ prescutellar. stpl sternopleural bristles.

Abbreviations used in describing the legs: a anterior ; ad antero-dorsal ;

av antero-ventral; p posterior; d postero-dorsal ; pu postero-ventral.

In using these expressions the leg is imagined as being extended in a straight

line at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the body.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 51

MUSCINAE

The subfamily is defined here by the character of the lower calyptra, which

is broad and subtruncate apically, its inner posterior part lying close to or

touching the basal part of the scutellum (ig. rb). This character, which has

been found by Malloch (1925, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 16: 84), would exclude

Pyrellina with strongly bent 74-+-5 and include Aethiopomyia and Alluaudinella

with weakly curved r4-+5. The latter two genera certainly are transitional

Fig. 1.—Thorax of Musca. (a) front part of M. domestica L. (b) hind part of

M. natalensis Villen. ppl propleura. ppl. s. propleural seta. stg. prostigmatal seta.

t.t. bristles on lower front end, and #.t. bristles on posterior part of suprasquamal

ridge. s.c. supraspiracular convexity.

between the Mydaea group of the Phaoniinae and the Muscinae, being connected

with the latter by Ochromusca (with Musca-like calyptra and strongly bent

v4+5). Pyrellina is certainly very similar to Pyvellia, but the similarity pri-

marily lies in the metallic colour of both, and it can for the time being hardly be

proved that there is any really close relationship between these two genera,

especially as the typical species of Pyrellina present a character which is lacking

in Pyrellia, in the setulose yr. Moreover the bend of r4-+5, though very strong,

is not very similar to that found in Pyrellia or Dasyphora. The form of the

subcosta also is much more as in Mydaea than as in Pyrellia and Dasyphora.

Thus for the time being I do not think it advisable to modify the above definition

52 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of the Muscinae, in order to include Pyrellina, and prefer to consider this genus

as ending the Phaoniinae and leading over to the Muscinae.!

The Ethiopian genera can easily be distinguished in the following way:

1(20). m with a (sometimes slight) rounded forward curvature in its apical section.

2(19). Suprasquamal ridge without setulose hairs posteriorly.”

). Eyes widely separated in both sexes. Ground-colour of the body brownish

yellow to rufous, the dorsum of the thorax more or less infuscated or

with darker stripes. Pteropleura setulose.

4(5). Supraspiracular convexity (see Fig. rb) with microscopic pile only. Propleura

bare. Apex of R5 wide . . : . {Alluaudinella G.-T.]

(4). Supraspiracular convexity beset with lene fine ‘Bristly hairs.

7 Propleura setulose (see Fig. ta). Apex of R5 hardly narrowed [dAethiopomyia Mall.]

6). Propleura bare. Apex of R5 strongly narrowed, not much wider than 7-m is

long. ¢ 2 ; 3 Ochromusca Mall.

8(3). Eyes usually erat poperated to contiguous in maete! widely separated in

female. Ground-colour of the body blackish, the abdomen sometimes

pale, very rarely the ground-colour of the body pale, but then the ptero-

pleura bare.

9(16). Pteropleura bare.

10(13). Arista plumose. Prosternum bare. Hind tibiae without any oustanding pd

setae.

11(42). Presutural acrostichals well developed. Anterior sternopleural bristle well

developed. Hypopleura with some hairs below spiracle only. Eyes of

the male broadly separated. ; : [Passeromyia Rodh. et Villen.]

12(11). Presutural acrostichals not developed. Anterior sternopleural bristle rarely

present. Hypopleura with some hairs on upper margin in front of the

spiracle and also below the spiracle. Eyes of male sub-contiguous or

narrowly separated : : : Graphomyia R.-D.

13(10). Arista apparently bare, the pubescence Bene eectlomely short.

14(15). Prealar bristle absent. Prosternum bare. Mid-tibiae with a very distinct

submedian av bristle. Hind tibiae without pd setae . [Anaclysta Stein®

1 See Malloch’s remarks (1925, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)16: 366) and my notes at the

end of the description of Movellia edwavdsi p. 65 of the present paper. The way in

which this character separates forms, which hitherto have been regarded as closely related,

e.g. Pyvrellia-Pyrellina, Xenosia-Xenosina, Morellia-Trichomorellia, Anaclysta-Limnophora,

etc., may well raise suspicion that it is a caenogenetic character. There are, however, other

characters, which seem to confirm the importance of the type of calyptra (see above). A

very interesting support may be found in the following lines on Phaonia corbetti Mall.:

“This rather aberrant species ... has much the appearance of a Muscine, being quite robust

and rather dull-coloured, with the hind tibial calcar much shorter than usual. The... other

characters place it without doubt in the genus Phaonia...’’ (Malloch, 1931, Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (10)7: 187-188). This species has, which has been overlooked by Malloch, the calyptra

of the Muscinae, and Malloch’s general impression of the fly confirms thus in the most

desirable way the importance of the type of calyptra.

*Tf the wings are not extended this character can be seen after bending the alula

outward (towards the wing) with the tip of a pin.

’ This genus is not in the present collection though it—as well as Synthesiomyia—is

found in Kenya. It has usually been regarded as closely related to Limnophora s. lat. The

lower calyptra, however, is formed asin Musca, a fact which has hitherto been overlooked. As

the much stronger bend of y4-+-5 would confirm this relationship, I transfer Anaclysta to

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 53

15(14). Prealar bristle distinct. Prosternum hairy. Mid-tibiae without a submedian

av bristle. Hind tibiae with pd setae : : . [Synthesiomyia Wulp]

16(9). Pteropleura with 1—2 bristles and some hairs above. Frontal orbits of female

each with! a strong proclinate bristle near middle.

17(18). Mid-tibiae without a ventral submedian bristle. Thorax bluish-black to

black, very rarely bright metallic? . : : : . Morellia R.D.

18(17). Mid-tibiae with a strong v submedian bristle. Species metallic purplish, blue

or green . : a 2 ; 2 : Pyvellia R.-D.

19(2). Suprasquamal ridge with setulose hairs (Fig. 4) posteriorly.* Species usually

metallic purplish, blue or green. Mid-tibiae with a strong v submedian

bristle . : : ; ‘ 5 : : . Orthellia R.-D. (pars)

20(1).. msubangularly bent forward close to middle of its apical section, often with a

little dip just beyond the bend.

21(22). Suprasquamal ridge with setulose hairs (Fig. 4) posteriorly.*? Species metallic

purplish, blue or green in colour. Mid-tibiae with a strong submedian

v bristle : é j . ; : ; . Orthellia R.-D. (pars)

22(21). Suprasquamal ridge with (Fig. 1b) or without setulose hairs posteriorly,*

in the former case the body never metallic in colour.

23(24). Epistoma not or slightly produced, the snout not surpassing the width of

the antennae, truncate in front when seen dorsally. Mentum of pro-

boscis dark brown, if uniformly chitinized. Anterior sternopleural

bristle present or sternopleurals entirely absent : ; . Musca L.

24(23). Epistoma strongly produced, the snout distinctly surpassing the width of the

antennae, rounded in front, when seen dorsally. Mentum uniformly chiti-

nized and testaceous. Anterior sternopleural bristle absent, posterior

present. Propleura haired in middle. Postalar declivity hairy. Bend of

v4-+5 subangular though very obtuse... ; : [Rhinomusca Mall. ]

Ochromusca setigera Mall.

n. syn. Athiplanomyia mydaea Séguy, 1937, Gen. Ins. 205: 240, 373, 375.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., ii.35 (F.W.E.) 2 2.

Typical localities: ZULULAND: Mgwawuma (type in B.M., labelled “‘type”’

by J. R. Malloch); of mydaea Séguy: Mompasa; Athi planitia; Bassutos;

Fernando Po.

In B.M. from Mgwawuma; NyYASALAND, 1912 (Dr. Bury); UGANDA 1918

the Muscinae, though the general appearance, the lack of pra and the 1-+-1 stp! would well

fit into the Limnophora group. The type of Anaclysta is multipunctata Stein as designated

by Malloch (1923, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales 48: 601). Curran was not aware of this

fixation of a genotype, when he proposed to make piliceps Stein the genotype (1937, Amer.

Mus. Novit. 931 : 13).

1 Pteropleura haired and frontal orbits of female without a proclinate bristle, compare

Graphomuscina Towns. from Angola; I have not yet seen this genus.

2 This character applies to the majority of the African species only. In other regions

bright metallic Moyellia are more usual. ‘‘ Morellia’’ bicolor Stein has the lower calyptra as

Pyvellina and must be removed to-this genus or close to it. The only other bright metallic

Morellia of the Ethiopian region are smaragdina Séguy and pyrelloides Curr. They must,

according to the descriptions, be very much like a Pyrellia in appearance and size.

3’ See note 2, p. 52.

54 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

(C. C. Gowdey), 1 g; Port. E. Arrica: Lorenzo Marques, 1906-1907 (F. D. Mc-

Millan), 3 3,69; TANGANYIKA: Kilossa, 1.1v.22 (Loveridge),1 g. Seen from

Ucanpa: Toro, Nyakasura, 27.ix.31 (J. F. Shillito).

In the specimens from Lorenzo Marques sometimes one or two pairs of (pre-

sutural or prescutellar) acy are strongly developed. Ochromusca connects

Aethiopomyia and Alluaudinella with the more typical Muscinae (see p. 51).

The strong curvature of m and narrow apex of 5 as well as the bare propleura

should be sufficient to maintain Ochromusca as a genus separate from Aethio-

pomyia. Séguy, evidently, has not been able to compare the latter, as he states

that both genera have the narrow apex of R5 in common (misunderstanding

Malloch’s description of Ochromusca) and sinks the latter as a synonym of

Aethiopomyia. On the other hand, Athiplanomyia with the only species mydaea

Ség. is apparently synonymous with Ochromusca setigera, all the characters!

mentioned by Séguy for the former applying to the types and other specimens

of Ochromusca setigera Mall. in the B.M. Unfortunately M. Séguy informs Dr.

Smart that the type of mydaea is unique and that it is not possible to lend me a

typical specimen of his species for comparison.

Graphomyia R.-D.

Six. African forms of this genus were tabulated by Malloch in 1925. Two

more forms have since been described by him and one by Brunetti; two new

forms of these beautiful flies are in the present collection. I find the

anterior sternopleural seta in none of the African species but ewstolia, in which

it is sometimes absent, sometimes small, and sometimes quite long.

1(18). Pattern black and yellowish to yellowish grey. Thorax with or without three

broad black longitudinal vittae which may be connected and interrupted

transversely, the median vitta always broadly occupying the median line

from the neck to the middle of the scutellum (Fig. 2) except in amputato-

fasciata, where the black pattern of the scutellum is entirely separated

from that of the mesonotum by a transverse pale band.

2(5). Femora yellow, sometimes brownish apically. Hind tibiae without a sub-

median posterior bristle. Interfrontalia quite bare between the two

rows of frontal bristles.

3(4). Eyes bare. Palpi yellow. Hair black. Thorax with three broad black

dorsal vittae of almost uniform width. Tibiae and often tip of femora

brownish ; : : ‘ t ; : : 5 eustolia Walk.

4(3). Eyes densely hairy. Palpi black. Hair yellow on pleura. Thorax with

traces of three brownish dorsal vittae. Tibiae and tip of femora not

darkened : : : ‘ F : : é : Lauvata Mall. |

5(2). Femora black, sometimes the two posterior pairs translucent yellowish in

basal half, but then the hind tibiae with an outstanding submedian

posterior bristle.

1 Séguy’s ““convexité métathoracique”’ is certainly not Malloch’s supraspiracular con-

vexity, as Séguy describes it as bare in his key (p. 373).

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 55

6(13). Third and fourth abdominal segments at least as much darkened along

median line as beside it. Thorax with three broad black longitudinal

vittae, which are not interrupted nor subinterrupted at suture, the

median one always, the two lateral ones sometimes, reaching scutellum

(Big. 2)./ Eyes of male' narrowly separated (by less than twice the

width of the third antennal segment). Interfrontalia bare. Hind tibiae

without a posterior submedian bristle.

7(12). Two presutural dorsocentrals. Fourth abdominal segment with a transverse

spot or a complete band. Male without sexual patches on abdomen.

8(r1). Scutellum black with a narrow hind margin of dense pale pruinosity (Fig. 2).

g(t0o). Longitudinal black vittae of thorax of equal width throughout, the sub-

median pale vittae connected behind with the lateral pale vittae, the

sublateral black vittae not reaching scutellum behind. Disc of third

and fourth abdominal segments infuscated 6 [arvcuatofasciata Karsch?]

10(9). Longitudinal black vittae of thorax gradually widened to suture and gradu-

ally narrowing from suture to level of last dc, connected with each other

before scutellum and more or less at suture. (Fig. 2). Second abdo-

minal segment (g¢) with an incomplete narrow marginal band behind,

third with a complete broad one, fourth with a complete broad trans-

verse discal band, these dark bands widened and occupying more than

; half the length of the segments in the middle —avcuatofasciata connexa n. ssp.

11(8). Scutellum yellowish-whitish dusted, with a large black rounded central spot,

formed by the posterior end of the median thoracic vitta, and a small

basal spot on side-declivity. First to third abdominal segments (2) with

a broad black vitta along hind margin, fourth with a transverse discal

spot. . : ‘ d [ fasciventris Mall.]

12(7). One presutural dorsocental Boden qedousnell segment entirely covered

with pale pruinosity. Male with a large sexual patch of dense short

hairs on each side of abdominal segments 1 and 2. Abdominal

segments I-3 in female and 3 in male (2 in male between the sexual

patches) with a broad complete marginal band behind, which is brown.

Seutellum as in fasciventris . ¢ uniseta Ni. sp.

13(6).. Third and fourth, or fourth abdominal seemient aly, she a pair of dark

spots, which are separated by a median stripe of pale dust. The sub-

lateral black vittae of the thorax often interrupted or sub-interrupted at

suture, behind which they are connected by a broad transverse band,

which joins the dark pattern of the scutellum at most along the median

line. Eyes of male rather broadly separated, frons more than twice the

width of the third antennal joint.

14(17). Sublateral vittae of thorax connected in front with the median vitta. Scu-

tellum black, except for a narrow hind margin. Mesopleura pale with a

narrow black margin. Segment 2 of abdomen with a more or less

complete dark marginal band behind, third with a pair of large dark

spots at hind margin, fourth with a pair of large dark longitudinal discal

spots.

1 Legs missing in the type of fasciventyis Mall., which is badly damaged. Male of this

species unknown.

2 This is the only African form of the genus I have not seen. Some of the characters

given in paragraphs 6, 7 and 9 thus need confirmation,

56 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

15(16). Median black vitta of thorax entire, reaching scutellum. Sublateral black

vittae interrupted at suture. Bases of middle and hind femora yellowish

translucent. Hind tibiae with a strong submedian posterior bristle.

Interfrontalia (?) bare between the two well-developed rows of frontal

bristles d : [mallochi sp. n. (amputatofasciata Mall. nec Karsch')]

16(15). Median black vitta of thorax not surpassing the hind margin of the black

transverse band, the latter separated by a complete pale transverse

fascia from the scutellum. Sublateral black vittae not interrupted at

suture. Bases of all the femora black but with a longitudinal patch of

pale dust on outer side of basal half. Hind tibiae without a submedian

posterior bristle. Interfrontalia of male hairy between the two rows of

frontal bristles; in the female the two rows of frontal bristles are absent

except for the lowest pair, which is very strong and decussate, and the

lateral parts are densely beset with fine erect black hairs. ¢ 9?

lamputatofasciata Karsch]

17(14). Sublateral vittae of thorax not connected in front with the median vitta.

Scutellum semipellucid, yellowish brown, with only a narrow black band

across base. First to third abdominal segments more or less distinctly

infuscated along median line, fourth segment infuscated along median

line and with a pair of rather small discal spots. Interfrontalia almost

bare. ¢ F (luteiventyis Mall.}

18(1). Pattern black sah er even to dave pene grey. Thorax with four black vittae

in front, the submedian ones not reaching scutellum. A median vitta

occupies the middle of the scutellum and extends in front between the

hind ends of the submedian vittae and sometimes reaches the neck as a

fifth narrow and faint median vitta (Fig. 3), rarely the three central

vittae are confluent from front end to suture. Interfrontalia hairy on

sides.

19(22). Pruinosity whitish grey, the dark spots on the abdomen not or hardly con-

nected, the abdomen thus pale with dark spots, abdomen of the male

partly yellowish translucent. Halteres yellow. Calyptrae whitish or

slightly infuscate.

20(21). Calyptrae somewhat smoky. The submedian dark vittae of thorax less con-

spicuousiy separated from each other. Hair of eyes longer and denser.

Interfrontalia with more numerous hairs in front. Hind tibiae of male

without longer and denser hairs near apex on ventral surfaces: [maculata Scop.]

21(20). Calyptrae white. Thesubmedian dark vittae of thorax very clearly separated

from each other. Hair of eyes shorter and not so dense. Interfrontalia

with less numerous hairs in front. Hind tibiae in male with dense black

hairs on about apical third of ventral surfaces, the longest about as long

as diameter of tibia . {maculata leucomelas Wied. ]

22(19). Pruinosity dark bluish grey, the dene spats of fhe abdomen broadly confluent,

the abdomen thus dark with bluish greyish spots, not translucent in male.

Halteres dark brown. Calyptrae dark brown, the lower one with whitish

margin (Fig. 3). . ; : . : : F parvinotata Brun.

‘1925, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)16: 367; type in B.M.

* I have not seen specimens from W. Africa, but only from Nairobi, July 1930, van

Someren leg. (in B.M.).

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 9

Graphomyia eustolia Walk.

UGANDA: Fort, Portal, Nyakasura, 24.1.35 (/.W.E.), 1 .

Typical locality: SrERRA LEONE (Rev. D. Morgan) (B.M.).

In B.M. from: GoLp Coast: Ashanti, Obuasi 12.vii., 17.vill.1907; Kumasi,

18.x.1907; Yabusu, 10.i.1907 (all W. M. Graham). NyasaLanp: Mt. Mlanje

2 and 9.x.1913 (S. A. Neave); Blantyre (J. E. S. Old). UGANDA: Entebbe,

II, 16, 17.viii.1g11 (C. C. Gowdey); Semliki Forest, 3000 ft., 18.i1.1921 (Capt.

ie Eraser).

Graphomyia arcuatofasciata connexa ssp. n. (Fig. 2)

Length 7 mm.; length of wing 7-5 mm.

3. Head: black, the lower half of the parafrontalia, the face, parafacials,

peristomalia and a narrow stripe between the lower two-thirds of the eyes and

the occipital row of bristles with yellowish-grey pruinosity. Interfrontalia

black, narrowest below middle, where they are about half as wide as the third

Fig. 2.—Grvaphomyia arcuatofasciata connexa ssp. n., pattern of thorax.

antennal joint, bare, about twenty pairs of long frontal bristles, which are inter-

mixed with a few shorter hairs. The vertical bristles not conspicuous among

the surrounding bristles. Eyes very large, with moderately dense and rather

short hairs. Parafacials not half as wide as the third antennal segment. An-

tennae black, third joint about thrice as long as second, arista brown at base,

plumose. Palpi black. Jowls rather narrow.

Thorax (Fig. 2): with dull black pruinosity and black hair and setae.

Whitish-yellowish pruinose are: the subdorsal vitta along the row of dc, the

sublateral vittae from the humeral callus to the base of the postalar callus, the

58 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

pleurae except a black band from the wing-base to the prothoracic spiracle and

one along the hind margin of the mesopleura towards the tip of the front coxae,

and the hind margin of the scutellum; the subdorsal vitta is interrupted at the

suture, the two parts being very elongate and gradually pointed towards the

suture, the sublateral vitta is interrupted behind the base of the wings, as a

broad black tongue extends laterally beyond the sa and pra. No acr, except a

prsc pair, 2+4 long dc, the first two postsutural pairs not very strong; pra

about as long as the prst dc. 0-2 stpl, the lower one rather small.

Abdomen: testaceous, the third and fourth segments reddish translucent.

Second segment with a triangular patch which almost reaches the front margin

and is suffusedly prolonged towards the sides along hind margin. Third seg-

ment with a complete transverse black band along hind margin, which is about

a third of the width of the segment laterally and more than four-fifths as wide

as the segment on median line, a narrow band of pale golden dust along front

margin of the segment. Fourth segment with a somewhat curved—convexity

in front—transverse band, which takes up about three-fifths of the length in

middle and the fourth and fifth sixths laterally, the rest of the segment, includ-

ing front and hind margin, pale golden dusted. All the segments beset with

erect black hairs, among which there are some longer ones only along the hind

margin of each segment.

Legs: black. Front tibiae without an oustanding submedian bristle, mid-

tibiae with a submedian # bristle and a smaller pd bristle a quarter from tip,

hind tibiae with a submedian ad and a slightly more distal av bristle.

Wings: slightly smoky along front margin. Calyptrae dark yellowish-smoky,

the margin concolorous. Halteres yellow.

This form would work out as amputatofasciata (or luteiventris) in Malloch’s

key, the pale vittae are interrupted, however, not by a transverse band but by

a gradual widening of the rather broad black longitudinal bands, the pattern

thus being derived from that of arcuatofasciata Karsch. The pattern of the

scutellum is as in that species, that of the abdomen is apparently similar, and

the sexual patches of the male are missing, so that this form may in my opinion

be regarded as a subspecies of arcuatofasciata rather than of fasciventris.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (P.W.E.) 3 type.

Graphomyia uniseta sp. n.

Length 7 mm., length of wings 7-5 mm.

3. Head: black, more or less greyish-white dusted. Interfrontalia black,

narrowed above middle, where they are extremely narrow, and where the front

is scarcely one and a half times as wide as the third antennal segment, bare,

with about nine pairs of more or less decussate bristles and a small pair of

proclinate bristles not far in front of the ocellar bristles. The vertical bristles

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 59

not conspicuous among the surrounding bristles. Eyes very large, almost bare.

Parafacialia more than half as wide as the third antennal segment. Antennae

black, third joint about thrice as long as wide, arista dark brown in basal half,

plumose. Palpi black. Jowls rather narrow.

Thorax: with yellowish-grey pruinosity and black hair and setae. Black-

pruinose are: a broad median vitta of almost equal width from neck to third

fifth of scutellum, a sublateral vitta, connected in front with the median one,

from the inner posthumeral bristle almost to the last intraalar bristle, a lateral

band from the anterior spiracle along the outer side of the notopleural and supra-

alar bristles to the outer side of the base of the scutellum, and a band from the

infraalar bulla towards the tip of the front coxae. No acr except a prsc pair,

I (close to suture)-+3-4 dc, the 1-2 first post pairs weak to indistinct. pra

somewhat stronger than the prst dc. 0+2 stl.

Abdomen: testaceous, densely yellowish-golden dusted, except on a rather

broad brown marginal band of equal width on the second and third segments.

On the first segment a similar band is much paler and thus rather indistinct.

On the first and second segments most of the dorsal surface except a quite large

median and a narrow lateral stripe is occupied by a “‘sexual patch”’ of short,

dense, erect black setulae, very similar to that on the ventral surface of the

third segment of many Sturmia. The rest of the abdomen is beset with fine,

long erect black hairs, which are curved towards the posterior end apically and

which are not very dense.

Legs: black, slightly brownish dusted, the outer side of the front femora

more conspicuously greyish dusted along middle. Front tibiae without out-

standing submedian bristle, mid-tibiae with a submedian posterior bristle and a

smaller fd bristle, a quarter from tip, hind tibiae with a submedian ad bristle

and a slightly more distal av bristle.

Wings and calyptrae slightly smoky, the margin of the latter pale

yellowish. Halteres yellow.

®. Interfrontalia half as wide as one eye, frons at anterior end not much

narrower than one eye, parafrontalia with golden dust. Pale dust of thorax

more yellowish, hairs and bristles shorter and stouter. Abdomen without sexual

patches, first to third abdominal segments with a complete brown marginal band.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, 9 allotype.

Very similar to G. fasciventris Mall., of which only the 9 type is known and

in the B.M., but the marginal bands of the abdominal tergites are brown instead

of black, the fourth abdominal segment is not spotted, the abdomen testaceous,

and only one frst dc close to suture is present. The lack of any abdominal bands

and the pattern of the scutellum in aycuatofasciata make me believe that

fasciventris may rather be a good species. It is unfortunate that the male of

fasciventris is not known. If it has sexual patches wniseta should probably be

regarded as a subspecies of fasciventris.

60 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

[Graphomyia maculata Scop.]

The characters differentiating G. maculata from the next form would suggest

that these are subspecies of one species, maculata being palaearctic and nearctic

and reaching the Oriental region, whereas the next form would be its Ethiopian

representative. The material at hand would support this opinion though it is

not sufficiently large to prove it. It certainly is not proved, and is indeed highly

improbable, that maculata s. str. occurs in the Ethiopian region.

[Graphomyia maculata leucomelas Wied.]

n. syn. hivtitibia Mall., 1925, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)16: 85.

If there is an Ethiopian subspecies of G. maculata, one must suppose that it is

Iurtitibia Mall. = leucomelas Wied. I have seen the type of the former, and the

words relating to the brighter white of the abdomen in Wiedemann’s description

would confirm the suggested synonymy. E. Brunetti also regarded the form

described by Malloch as deucomelas, though he considers it as ‘“‘a very distinct

species’. His posthumous redescription of lewcomelas Wied. is based on the

very specimen which had served Malloch as the type of his hirtitibia in 1925,

but which evidently had not been labelled lewcomelas by Brunetti when he

studied it, obviously before the specimen was sent to Malloch, who was the

first to point out the more important differences between these two forms.

Graphomyia parvinotata Brun. (Fig. 3)

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., I g, 10,200 ft., 1 Q;

Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., 1 9 (F.W.E.).

Typical localities: KENyA: S. Masai Reserve; 5 to 7 miles into Kenya

Forest near Luchi R. Types in B.M.

Morellia curvitibia Stein.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mt. Karangora, ggoo ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3.

The specimen has probably the hind tibiae less curved than Stein’s typical

specimens from Kilimanjaro. The white seam of the lower calyptra is broad,

much broader than that of the upper calyptra. The other characters, however,

are identical with those mentioned by Stein.

Morellia longiseta sp. n.

Length 6-5 mm.; length of wings 7 mm.

3. Head: black, the parafrontalia brownish-black dusted, silver-grey

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 61

dusted in front, parafacialia in exterior part, jowls and face with silvery-grey

dust. Interfrontalia black, very narrow, narrowest in middle, where the front

is little more than half as wide as the third antennal joint. The vertical bristles

very conspicuous among the surrounding bristles. Eyes large, bare. Para-

facialia two-thirds as wide as the third antennal segment. Lunula very distinct,

silver-dusted. Antennae black, third joint about twice as long as broad, arista

Fig. 3.—Gvaphomyia parvinotata Brun., pattern of thorax.

blackish brown with a suffused testaceous ring towards the end of the basal

half, plumose. Palpi piceous. Jowls not very narrow, about a fifth as high as

the eye.

Thorax: black, not very shining, with slight violaceous reflexions. Whitish-

grey pruinose are: a broad longitudinal median vitta in front of suture, a

lateral vitta on humeral callus and notopleural callus, a fainter sublateral vitta

behind suture in the intraalar area, a not very conspicuous subtriangular patch

on each side of the scutellum, the sternopleura and hypopleura. The middle of

the notum behind suture is slightly greyish dusted and this dusted area widens

suddenly at about the middle of the length of the postsutural part (pattern-type

of Musca sorbens Wied.). No acy except I-2 prsc pairs, 0-+-3 well developed de,

62 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

though 1-2 more, very weak pairs are distinguishable. pra distinct and strong

though not very long; 1-+2 stl, the lower one weak.

Abdomen: black, with a slight bluish reflection and a faint brown dust. In

posterior view the second segment has a broad silvery patch on the lateral third

of the front margin, occupying well half the length of the segment. On the

third segment this is disintegrated into a lateral and a subdorsal patch. The

fourth segment with an oblique S-shaped patch of whitish dust. The lateral

part of the dusted areas is on all the segments connected with the dusted parts

of the ventral surface.

Legs: black. Front tibiae with rather dense half-erect setulae on apical

half of ventral surface and with three long and fine outstanding bristles about at

middle of pu surface (similar to those of nilotica but closer to middle). Mid-

femora with a tooth-shaped process above apex, bearing some very strong

bristles, mid-tibiae without a notch at base of outer side but with a well-

developed comb of short but stout curved setulae (longer and stronger than in

nilotica) below the knees, # and fd surfaces with about six more or less strong

bristles. Hind tibiae with a strong d bristle at apical third, a strong preapical

bristle and a pd bristle at basal quarter, the ad surface with a row of setae, which

are gradually increasing in length and are reaching the apical third; av surface

with 5-6 very long and fine setae (as in curvitibia); pv surface with 6-7 similar

long hairs. The hind tibiae are slightly curved at apical third.

Wings: slightly smoky. Calyptrae smoky, except at base, the margin

yellowish.

®. Similar to 3, frons two-thirds as wide as one eye, slightly dilated to

vertex; interfrontalia very broad, strongly narrowed to apex, parafrontalia

strongly narrowed to vertex, with one strong and three smaller proclinate setae ;

jowls a third as high as the eyes. Front and hind tibiae without the long fv

bristles, mid-femora without a process above apex, the subapical dorsal bristles

weaker. The av and ad bristles of the hind tibiae shorter though quite well

developed.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, I &.

Very similar to M. curvitibia Stein, to which it runs down in the keys, but

differing from this and the related forms (calyptrata Stein, bispinosa Mall.,

nilotica Lw. (= minor Mall. = femorata Curr.) ) by the setae of the hind tibiae

in the male sex. The ad bristles are stouter and shorter than in curvitibia, the

av bristles are exactly as in this species, so that the female, in which these

bristles only are outstanding, may from the description be identified as curvi-

tibia. The wings and calyptrae are, however, less smoky, the seam of the latter

is narrow and smoky yellowish, not white. The male has the mid-femora

modified, and on the hind tibiae, instead of the pu row of rather dense and rather

short setulae of cwrvitibia, long and very fine bristles, which are quite similar

to those on the av surface.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 63

Morellia nilotica (Lw.) Stein

syn. minoy Mall., 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10)1: 474. Villeneuve, 1937, Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belg. 77: 406. 9

syn. femorvata Curr., 1928, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 57: 354. Malloch, 1931, Ann,

Mag. nat. Hist. (10)8: 444. Villeneuve, 1937, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 77: 406.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 2; Nyam-

gasani Valley, 8—go00 it., xii.34.-1.35 (D. R. Buxton), 1 9; Kigezi Dist. Mt.

Sabinio, 7000 ft., x1.34 (F.W.E.), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop,

QQo0O rit, 25.%.34 (F.W.£.), 1 2.

Typical locality: EGypt; of minor, ZANZIBAR, nr.. Mazi Moja (type in B.M.);

of femorata, BELG. ConGo, Stanleyville. Other localities mentioned in litera-

ture: BELG. Conco: Boma, Bafwaboli. S. Arrica: Barberton: Port Shep-

stone.. W. AFRICA: Pungo Adongo. ERITREA: Adi Caié; Keren; Arbaroba-

Ghinda.

In B.M. from: GoLp Coast, NyASALAND, NATAL, KENYA, UGANDA. Seen

from S. RuopesiA. The species seems to be particularly common in Kenya.

This species is related to M. curvitibia. There are, however, only two or

three rather short and more inclinate av bristles present on the hind tibiae, the

most proximal one shortly before middle, the most distal one at apical fifth.

The mid-femora and mid-tibiae are similar to those of Jongiseta in the male,

whereas they are simple in curvitibia. The female of course does not show the

striking characters of the male front and mid-tibiae and mid-femora, so that

some doubt in the identification is possible, as no males have been found with

these females. M. syriaca Séguy and madagascariensis Séguy are evidently

very closely related, and syviaca may even be synonymous with this species.

Morellia edwardsi sp. n.

Length 5:5-7-5 mm.; length of wing 5-5-7 mm.

6. Head: broad, black, brownish-golden dusted with blackish reflections,

jowls shining black, occiput greyish dusted. Interfrontalia black, narrow,

narrowest just above middle, where the front is almost as wide as the third

antennal joint. About fifteen pairs of frontal bristles, which are denser and

finer above. The vertical bristles very conspicuous among the surrounding

bristles. Eyes large and strongly convex, with long and dense hair. Para-

facialia almost as wide as the third antennal segment, facial ridges with bristly

hairs all over their exposed part. Lunula distinct, golden dusted. Antennae

black, third segment not quite twice as long as broad, arista black, plumose.

Palpi black. Jowls broad, about a third as high as the eyes, well separated from

parafacials, very bristly.

Thorax: black, moderately shining with slight bluish to violaceous reflections,

covered with whitish dust, which is most distinct and silvery in front and

64 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

appears darker and more purplish-grey behind. The dust is missing on four

longitudinal vittae of almost the same pattern as in Musca domestica L., Le.

the dusted intervals occupying the acy, dc, and 7a stripes and the humeral and

notopleural calli; the submedian dark vittae reach almost the prsc bristles. No

acy except a prsc pair, 3-+-4 long dc, pra strong though not very long. 1-2 stpl.

Abdomen: black, moderately shining, with slight bluish to violaceous

reflexions, the first segment, except for a broad median line, the anterior half

of the second and third segments except for a median line, and most of the

fourth segment greyish-silvery dusted. The sides of all segments and the disc

of the fourth with erect black setae.

Legs: black. Front femora with very long and dense bristly hairs on the

posterior surfaces, front tibiae with dense and rather short setulae on ventral

surfaces, a few long hairs on middle of pu surface, which are not very striking,

and a conspicuous row of rather short setulae on the ad surface; a submedian

p bristle is present. Mid-femora simple, with a few long and very strong av

and pv bristles near base and an ad row of strong setulae, which finishes

quite suddenly at middle with a somewhat longer bristle ; mid-tibiae with

a row of ad setulae, which become longer on apical half, and about five

sub-equal, strong p bristles. Hind tibiae somewhat curved behind middle,

with a rather dense ad row of bristles, among which one shortly beyond middle

is stronger, a similar pd row, and in the apical half of the av surface with very

long and curved bristles, which become much shorter towards the v and pu

surfaces; hind tarsi without setulae on the posterior ventral edge, but with a

dense brush of paler or darker hairs on the three basal joints, longest at the

base of the metatarsus, where they are as long as the diameter of the tarsus.

Wings: hardly smoky, except near base and front margin, where they are

distinctly smoky. Calyptrae dark brown, except at base. Halteres yellow.

2. Similar to male, the dust of the head paler golden, frons three-quarters

as wide as one eye, slightly dilated to vertex; interfrontalia as wide in front as

one parafrontal, somewhat dilated behind, parafrontals with numerous small

bristles, amongst which one stronger proclinate bristle is visible; jowls half as

high as the eyes. Front tibiae without long pv hairs; hind tibiae hardly curved,

with only a few moderately long av setulae; hind metatarsus longer, the brush

on the three basal joints of uniform short hairs and not very conspicuous.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

3g and 2 paratypes; Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, I10,500-11,500 ft., 28.x.34

(F.W.E.), 2 paratype.

In B.M. from C. AByssin1A: Maraquo, viii.19g14 (O. Kovacs), 2 3, 2 9.

In the specimens from Abyssinia the lower calyptra only is slightly infuscate

in the male, hardly infuscate in the female. In the male the long #v hairs on

the front tibiae are more numerous and longer, the hind tibiae are not curved,

the metatarsus longer, and the brush of more uniform length.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 65

In Malloch’s key (1923, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)12: 520), this species runs to

M. aenescens R.-D. It is very similar to that species, but in the male the hind

tibiae are less curved and more bristly in the apical part, the two basal joints

of the hind tarsi are shorter and beset ventrally with very much finer and

denser though not shorter hairs. The Abyssinian form would in these respects

be more like aenescens than the typical form of edwards. Both, however, have

the eyes densely hairy in both sexes. This character would seem to place

edwardst in Tvichomorellia Stein, but this genus has two pairs of well-developed

prst acy (Séguy erroneously writes “préscutellaires’’), The species once more

confirms that the hairiness of the eyes should not be used in the Muscinae as a

generic character, for Morellia edwards is a true Morellia in every other regard

and probably really closely related to aenescens, whereas Tvichomorellia (as seen

from the type of Dasymorellia trichops Mall., a synonym of the genotype of

Trichomorellia) and Xenomorellia (after the type of X. holti Mall.) have the

lower calyptra of the Phaonunae, which has not hitherto been observed, and the

sc bent as in Pyrellina and Mydaea.

Pyrellia R.-D.

The identification of the species of this genus remains somewhat doubtful,

as several of the species described by early authors have not yet been definitely

recognized in recent times. Evidently only a few Ethiopian species belong to this

genus. Curran (1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 788: 1-2) published a key, which

contains five species known to him or regarded as Pyrellia by Malloch. One

of these, however, belongs to Pyrellina or very close to this genus, as the specimen

in the B.M. identified as “ Pyrellia anorufa Villen.”’ by Malloch has the lower

calyptra and sc quite as the Phaoniunae. It is Pyrellina chrysotelus Walk.,

which differs from other species of Pyrellina by hairy eyes and a bare r (n. syn.).

Through the courtesy of Mr. J. E. Collin, I have been able to study the types

of Bigot’s species. P. gemma and viola Big. are Orthellia, whereas P. scintillans

Big. is the species which was subsequently described as P. mitis Curr. (paratypes

compared). The latter name thus becomes a synonym of Bigot’s very poorly

described species.

Pyrellia albocuprea Villen.

KENYA: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), 1 2; «bid.

gooo ft. (J. Ford) 1 3; ibid. 10,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 ; 12,000 ft., 12; Nyeri Track,

10,500-10,000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), 1 3g, 1 9; Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-

11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 &.

Typical locality: Mt. Kenya. Known from the top of the Aberdares (Mal-

loch 1923). In B.M. from Mt. Kenya and W. side and top of the Aberdares

(6500-7250 ft., 8300 ft., 9500 ft.).

II, 3b

66 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

With regard to some reserve in the interpretation of the species see Malloch

(1923, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)12: 509). There is in the B.M. one female from

C. Asyssinta: Maraquo, August 1914 (O. Kovacs), in which the hairs on the

eyes are much shorter and the reflections of the thorax are purplish-blue instead

of brassy-green. It may for the time being be regarded as conspecific.

Pyrellia bonnarius. Curr.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori: Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3, 2 9.

Typical locality: BELG. ConGo: Stanleyville.

The male, which has not hitherto been described, has two quite conspicuous

prst dc and three postsutural ones, whereas in the female only one frst and two

prsc dc are present; the discoidal cell in the male is entirely covered with minute

hairs, whereas it is almost entirely hyaline in the female. The thoracic spiracle

of the male is whitish, and the apical two-thirds of the lower calyptraare strongly

infuscate. Both male and female have rather strong purplish reflections. In the

male the usual microscopic hairs of the suprasquamal ridge though yellow

are somewhat longer than usual in the genus.

This species is apparently closely related to P. purpureoalba Villen., but in

the latter the wings are almost entirely hyaline in the male sex and the eyes

contiguous, whereas they are narrowly separated in the males at hand. The

male of purpureoalba has, according to the description, only the last two prsc de

distinct.

Pyrellia spinthera Big.

n. syn. nana Curr. 1928, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 57: 357.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3.

Typical localities: NATAL; of nana, BELG. Conco: Bafwaboli; Garamba;

Faradje.

he lower calyptra is strongly infuscate except at base. In all other respects

the three specimens agree perfectly with Curran’s description.

Thanks to Mr. J. E. Collin, I have been able to study the type of P. spinthera

Bigot, which proves to be a female Pyrellia without dust on the thorax and

with black first spiracles. It thus runs to nana in Curran’s key, and I am not

able to separate it from that species. Curran correctly compared his species

with spinthera, though the female of his type series had pale first spiracles.

Perhaps Curran’s female was a specimen of sc7ntillans Big., a species which he

later described as mitis and evidently did not distinguish at the time when he

published his nana.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 67

Orthellia R.-D.

This genus has been divided by several authors, but I do not think that any

of these existing subdivisions will hold good. Malloch (1923, Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (9)12: 505), and Curran (1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 788: 5), have pointed

out that the bend of vein m cannot be used for this purpose. The two genera

Euphoria k.-D.1 and Orthellia R.-D. in Séguy’s work (1937, Gen. Ins. 205: 400,

405), should thus be united. The dorsocentral bristles are in my opinion not

more suitable for a subdivision of this genus, as closely related species like

bequaerts and peront would on this character fall in different genera. FEnderlein’s

names have thus been correctly placed into synonomy by Séguy. The three

forms which Enderlein classifies in the two genera Séenomitra and Anacrostichia

have beer regarded as only one species by Villeneuve. As the forms seem to be

constant, however, and to occur in the same places, Malloch and Curran are

probably right in regarding them as good species.

There are, however, three very evident natural groups in this genus,

which will be defined below. For two of these the names Stenomitra End.

(= Anacrostichia End.) and Commosia End. might be retained, if it is regarded

as desirable, and if one attributes more weight to the genotypes than to the

descriptions of these groups.

I do not propose to give a key to this genus, as Malloch’s and Curran’s keys

enable the species to be identified fairly easily, and as I have not been able to

study the natural groups which may be formed within the first and largest

group of the genus.

Section I.—Epistoma not produced, the ventral surface of the head as long

as or even slightly shorter than the head at the base of the antennae. Proboscis

stout or moderately slender, the mentum less than thrice as long as high.

Group A.—Mesonotum and scutellum with fine neat punctures, bearing the

hairs, these punctures not very conspicuous nor rugosely connected. Abdo-

men with erect black setae at least on the fourth segment. Eyes very seldom

hairy. (Numerous species.)

Orthellia distincta Villen.

UcGanpDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., 3 ¢; Kilembe, 4500 ft.,

I 9; Bwamba Pass (West Side), 5500-7500 ft., 1 9 (F.W.E.).

Typical locality: BrtG. Conco: Ponthierville-Kindu.

The specimens run to this species or arctifrons Stein in Malloch’s and Curran’s

keys, and Villeneuve’s description applies fully to them. They partly possess

some dorsal bristles on yr (in 2 9 specimens none is present, in I 3 one only

on one side, none on the other, whereas in the other specimens they are well

1 Euphoria R.-D. is moreover preoccupied by Euphoria Burm. 1842 (Coleoptera

Cetoniinae).

68 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

developed) like prima Curr. Nevertheless they cannot be this species, as the

first two segments of the male hind tarsi lack the usual fv row of black setulae

and present a conspicuous brush of short reddish hair. The setulose hairs on the

infra-alar bulla are absent in these Ruwenzori specimens as in those studied by

Curran. The lower calyptra is of the Musca type, the chaetotaxy as described

in prima Curr., but the anterior za is strong, hind femora with two submedian

pv, hind tibiae with only one (submedian) ad and three to four long av.

Orthellia aureopyga Mall.

n. syn. analis Curr. 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 788: 12.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Katamayo, 8000ft.,x.34,1 4,1 9(P).W.E.); UGANDA

Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (E. G. Gibbins), 2; ibid. (F.W.E.), I 3,

somewhat teneral; Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1 3, 3 9.

Type locality: S.E. edge of KENYA FOREST, 5000-6000 ft. (type in B.M.).

In B.M. from TANGANYIKA TERR.: Morogoro, 22.v.22 (A. H. Ritchie);

Ek. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru, 4500-5000 ft., 1v.-v, 1937 (B. Cooper); W. Kaili-

manjaro, Ngare-Nairobi, 4500 ft., iv.—v.37 (B. Cooper); KENyA: Ngare Narok,

Masai Reserve, 6000 ft., 31.x11.13 (A. O. Luckman).

The types of aureopyga as well as the present specimens have a very well-

developed white dust on the mesonotum (when seen from behind), and on the

fourth abdominal segment. In the Aberdare female the latter is not golden, as

is usual in this species, but blue-green like the other tergites. Curran did not

know aureopyga when describing analis, and Malloch did not mention the white

dust in publishing the former species. The two names evidently refer to the

same species. The male from Namwamba Valley is somewhat doubtful, as the

infraalar bulla is devoid of hairs (except the microscopic pile). The fourth

abdominal segment of this specimen has violaceous reflections (the other seg-

ments blue ones). As the specimen has the dusted fourth abdominal segment

and front part of the thorax, it is much more like aureopyga than distincta. The

male hind tarsi are alike in these two species.

[Orthellia chrysopyéga n. sp.]

Length 7-8 mm.; length of wings 6:5-7:5 mm.

dg. Head: black, the cheeks and face greyish dusted, the jowls shining and

with greenish, bluish, or purplish reflections. Interfrontalia lineiform, black,

parafrontals narrow, frons narrowest in middle, where it is almost as wide as the

third antennal segment, with numerous fine frontal bristles, ocellar bristles

absent. Vertical bristles not conspicuous. Eyes very large, practically bare.

Parafacialia at narrowest point somewhat narrower, at widest point somewhat

broader than the third antennal joint. Antennae black, third joint almost

four times as long as second, arista black, plumose. Palpi black. Jowls broad,

a third as high as the eyes.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 69

Thorax: brassy to bluish-green or purplish, strongly shining, with a spot

of whitish dust on the middle of the front declivity and some not very con-

spicuous brownish pruinosity in the depressions around the humeral callus. No

acy except one prsc pair. 0-+2 well developed dc, though 1-2 more very small

dc are usually recognizable. pra strong though short. 1-2 stl.

Abdomen: with the first to third segments brassy green to bluish-green or

purplish, the fourth golden green to cupreous, or green, if the other segments

are purplish. Fourth segment with distinct whitish dust and numerous erect

black bristly hairs.

Legs: black, without metallic reflections. Front tibiae without a # bristle,

mid-tibiae without an ad bristle.

Wings: hyaline, but strongly infuscate at base to just beyond / and in-

cluding the two basal cells. All the surface covered with microscopic hairs.

Veins dark brown; m very strongly bent with a distinct dip behind the bend.

Basicostal scale black. Calyptrae strongly infuscate, except on outer side, the

margin and fringe usually brown. Halteres dark brown.

~ 2. Similar to male. The frons four-fifths as wide as one eye, the parafrontals

shining and metallic in the dorsal three-quarters, mainly dusted in the ventral

quarter, each of them about as wide as the interfrontalia, with one outstanding

proclinate bristle near middle (only the pore visible in the specimens at hand).

Parafacialia about twice as wide as the third antennal segment. Jowls two-

fifths as high as the eyes.

TANGANYIKA TERR.: E. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru, 4500-5000 ft., iv.1937,

8 g (including type), 4 2; W. Kilimanjaro, Ngaserai, 3000 ft., v.37, 1g; Ngare

Nairobi, 4500 ft., iv.—v.37, 3 g, 6 2 (B. Cooper).

The Coryndon Memorial Museum (Nairobi), has recently sent in one specimen

from Kenya, Chyulu Hills, 5600 ft., vii.38, 1 2.

Extremely similar to O. awreopyga Mall., but in that species conspicuous

prst dc are present, the hair on the thorax is much shorter, the halteres are

yellow, the calyptrae white, and vein m is straight behind the bend. The

present series runs to splendida Ad. or vera Curr. in Malloch’s and Curran’s keys.

From the former it differs by the almost uniform small facets of the male eyes,

the dark calyptrae, and the contrasting colour of the fourth abdominal segment,

from vera by the latter character, the dark halteres and the narrower frons of

the male. O. chrysopyga is probably more closely related to O. splendida, which

has also the same form of the vein m, than to any other known species of the

genus.

Orthellia sororella Villen. .

n. syn. O. lasiophthalma Mall., 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10)1: 473.

UGANDA: Kigezi Dist. Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.ix.34. On Phytolacca.

(EWES Os

70 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Typical localities: BELG. ConGo: Beni to Lesser Aberdare Mts ; of lasio-

phthalma: Kenya: Lumbwa Reserve.

In Curran’s key lasiophthalma has erroneously been placed in the section

with a deep brown costal border, whereas Malloch describes the wings as

“hyaline, brownish on base of costa to a little beyond humeral vein.”

Orthellia dubia Mall.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9.

Typical localities: KENya, Laibons, Lumbwa Dist., (C. M. Dobbs) (in B.M.);

NYASALAND: Blantyre, v.1gi1o (J. E. S. Old) (in B.M.).

In B.M. from Nata: Willow Grange, 19.iv.1914 (R. C. Wroughton),

Malloch det.; UGANDA.

The m-vein is bent angularly with a dip behind the bend, as in the fore-

going two species.

Group B.—Mesonotum and scutellum with fine but scabrous punctures

bearing the hairs, these punctures connected by minute rugulae so that they

form on some parts of the mesonotum and especially on the scutellum a net-

like structure (Fig. 4). Dorsum of fourth abdominal segment without erect

black setae. Eyes always bare.

Besides the species in the present collection, O. awrantiaca Villen. (= fii!/e-

bornt End. n. syn.) and inflata Towns. belong to this group.

Orthellia nudissima Lw. (Fig. 4)

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., x11.34.35 (F.W.E.), 1 9; ibid.

Mobuku Valley, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), r .

Typical locality: MOZAMBIQUE; of nuda Hough: SOMALILAND.

In B.M. from NATAL, TANGANYIKA TERR., KENYA, CAMEROON, ASHANTI,

S. NIGERIA, SIERRA LEONE. Seen from SUDAN.

O. flavicalyptrata Macq., the type of which is in Mr. J. E. Collin’s collection,

is not a synonym of peront R.-D., but of the present species. Mr. Collin was

kind enough to draw my attention to this fact, and I verified his conclusion

by comparing the type with material in the B.M.

Orthellia limbata Villen.

n. syn. fessmanni End. 1934, Sitzber. Ges. natf. Freunde 1933: 416.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1 3; 6500 ft.,

3 6,3 2; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. 1 ¢ (F.W.E.).

Typical localities: BELG. ConGo; of tessmanni: W. Arrica: Uelleburg.

In B.M. from: UGAnpa, Nambadzidza near Kampala, xii.29 (G. H. E.

Hopkins).

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 71

If it were not for the dark antennae and palpi one might regard this form as

a variation in the pattern of the wing of bimaculata. Two small though

distinct prst dc are present as in bimaculata and nudissima. Malloch has not

counted these as dec. ,

Fig. 4.— Orthellia nudissima Lw.

sculpture of hind part of mesono-

tum and scutellum.

Orthellia bimaculata Stein

UcGanpa: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, 2 2, 1 g on

human dung.

Typical locality: UGANpbA, Mujenje.

In B.M. from KEnyA: Embu, 24.iii.1914; UGanpba, Entebbe, 12.11.1911

(C. C. Gowdey).

Section II.—Epistoma more or less produced, the ventral surface of the head

straight and conspicuously to much longer than the head at the base of the

antennae (Fig. 5). Proboscis long and slender, the mentum three or more times

as long as high. Eyes hairy (the hairs very short and sparse in rhingtaeformis

and albigena, sometimes absent in the latter). All four species of this section

known to me, have been found by the Expedition.

Orthellia albigena Stein (Fig. 5)

nigvocincta Mall., Aub., non Bigot (teste Séguy 1937, Gen. Ins. 205: 403)

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, 1 2; Kyarumba,

4500 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 3.

Type localities; Kilimanjaro (Arusha-Ju; Kibosho; Moshi); of nigvocincta:

GABOON.

72 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Known from MADAGASCAR (Stein); SOCOTRA (Stein); KENYA (Malloch) ;

NATAL (Malloch); ANGOLA (Malloch); CAPE PROVINCE (Munro); common in

MASHONALAND (Cuthbertson); BELG. CONGO (Curran); S. RHODESIA (Curran);

Fig. 5.—Orthellia albigena Stein, head in side-view.

TRANSVAAL (Curran). In B.M. from NyASALAND: Blantyre; RODRIGUEZ;

MAURITIUS.

Orthellia bequaerti Villen.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley (F.W.E.), 2 2; ibid., 8300 ft., 1 9;

tbid., 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Nyamgasani Valley, xii.34.-1.35., 8-gooo ft. (D. R.

Buxton), 1 2; S.W. UGANDA: Kigezi Province, Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 ft., x1.34, 5 9;

Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft., xi.34, 1 9 (F.W.E.).

Typical locality: Ruwenzori, 2500 m.

BELGIAN Conco (Curran). I have seen this species from: UGANDA: Ruwen-

zori, Bwamba Pass, 8000 ft., 5.ix.31 (G. L. R. Hancock), 1 3,1 2; Birunga, 11.33

(G. L. R. Hancock), 2 8.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE ahs

Orthellia peroni R.-D.

KEenyA: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., x.34, 3 gd, 2 9; Nyen

Mrack, 10,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3, 4:9 (F.W.E. and J.:Ford); Mt. Elgon,

Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (Y.W.E.), 9 dy 3 &.

Typical locality: Cape.

Bec. Conco: Burunga (Curran). In B.M. from: S. Arrica: Cape of Good

Hope; Simon’s Town; Stellenbosch; Pretoria; Roodekop (Transvaal).

NATAL: Estcourt and Willow Grange. TANGANYIKA: Mt. Kilimanjaro, 11,500 ft. ;

W. Shore of L. Manyara. UGANDA: Bulambuli, Mt. Elgon, 11,000 ft. KENya:

W. of Mt. Kenya; Nyansa Prov. Lumbwa Dist.

Orthellia rhingiaeformis Villen.

KrnyA: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000-9000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E. and

J. Ford), 20 g, 28 9; ibid. 12,000 ft., 30.x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 g; ibid. 10,000 ft.,

swept from Alchemilla sp. 1 3; «bid. 13,000 ft., 28.-30.x.34, on Senecio brassicae-

formis or S. aberdarica (J. Ford), 2 3,6 2; Aberdare Range, Katamayo, 8000 ft.,

x.34 (F.W.E.), 3 3, 2 2. Ucanpa: Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., viii.34

(J. Ford), 2 3; ibid. Bulambuli, 8000 ft.,-vii.34 (J. Ford), 1 3.

Typical locality: W. slope of Mt. Kenya.

Malloch mentions Kabete (KENYA); Kilolo River, N. of Mt. Kenya; top

of the Aberdares; Ruwenzori, 10,000 ft. Curran saw the species from Burunga

(BELG. ConGo), and Addis Abbaba (AByssin1A). I have seen it from Birunga

(UGANDA), 11.33 (G. L. R. Hancock). In B.M. from: KENyA: Nairobi Naivasha;

Kabete; N. of Mt. Kenya. UGANDA: Bulambuli; Mt. Elgon, gooo ft., 7.iii1.34

(H. B. Johnston).

Musca L.

Malloch, J. R., 1925, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)15: 131-136; l.c. (9)16: 369-377; 1928,

Ent. Mitt. 17: 331-335; 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: I10-112.

Curran, C. H., 1928, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 57: 359-361.

Patton, W. S., 1932, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 26: 347-405; 1936, l.c. 30: 469-490.

Though the collection contains seven species only out of about twenty

known from the Ethiopian region, I take this opportunity to publish

some results of a study of this genus. One of the reasons for doing so is to

contradict the view so strongly expressed by Patton (1932) that there is a

serious discrepancy between his own and Malloch’s systems of Musca. The

other reason is that no complete key to the Ethiopian species of Musca, using

Malloch’s classification, has yet been published. On the other hand it is hardly

possible to correlate the results obtained by Patton, Malloch, and Curran, from

their papers, without having access to representative specimens of the different

species identified by these authors and Bezzi.

Malloch’s classification of Musca was explained in the several papers referred

to above. Curran tabulated the African species of this genus, using Malloch’s

74 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and some new characters. Unfortunately he was not able to name a number

of the species studied by him, and several of the names were used in his

paper in a sense differing from that of other authors. Patton, having

published numerous important papers on Musca and related genera, discussed

in 1932 the natural grouping of the species of Musca. He came to the conclusion

that Malloch’s groups are not natural and cannot be used, as they do not agree

with the results which he (Patton) had obtained from studies of the male

terminalia. On the other hand, no attempt was made, so far as I know, to give

a natural key on the basis of Patton’s work, Patton’s own keys being artificial

ones.

In Musca s. str. Malloch includes domestica, vicina, angustifrons, and

albomaculata. As angustifrons Thoms. is, according to Patton, a synonym of

sorbens Wied., and as the latter belongs to another group according to the male

terminalia, Patton regards Musca sensu Malloch as an unnatural group. The

species called sorbens Wied. (= angustifrons Thoms., Patt.) by Patton has,

however, the propleura bare. Thus Malloch has either been mistaken about the

propleural hairs or his species angustifrons (identified by Bezzi) is another

species.t M. albomaculata Macq., as identified by Bezzi, is M. cuthbertsoni Patt.

according to a female specimen from the Seychelles in the B.M. named by Bezzi.

This species thus belongs to the domestica group according to both authors.

The domestica group of Patton includes a few more species than those defined

by the hairy propleura, i.e. planiceps Wied., hilli Johnst. & Bancr., terrae-reginae

Johnst. & Bancr., vetustissima Walk., and yerburyi Patt. The two latter are,

according to Patton, intermediate between the domestica and sorbens groups.

The characters used by Malloch would bring them all into the latter group.

All the other species included by Malloch in Biomyia belong to Patton’s

sorbens group with the exception (according to Patton), of alba Mall., which

Patton regards as a synonym of xanthomelas (lusoria group). As alba, however,

has two vittae on the thorax, and xanthomelas four, Patton must have mis-

identified the former. The types of alba Mall. in the B.M. are in my opinion

hardly more than a variation of sorbens with a mainly pale first abdominal

segment. Vice versa, all the species of Patton’s second group belong to Biomyia

and the three small groups Plaxemyia, Lissosterna, and Philaematomyia, which

like Biomyra lack hairs on the propleura as well as on the suprasquamal ridge.

Patton did not accept Plaxemyia and Philaematomyia as homogeneous groups,

because he supposed that (Plaxemyia) dasyops would have the third type of male

terminalia, and because he included other species in Philaematomyia, which the

characters used by Malloch would exclude from it. Patton was later on able to

study the male terminalia of dasyops (1937, Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 31: 209)

1 As angustifyons sensu Bezzi (see 1911, Boll. Lab. Portici 6: 87), has the sovbens

pattern of the thorax, and as I have seen no representative of the domestica group with this

pattern, | would venture to suppose that the former possibility is more likely, in spite of

Malloch’s well-known thoroughness.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE WS)

and found that they belong to his second type, like those of the other species of

Plaxemyia.

The remaining species are united by Malloch in the three subgenera Eumusca

Towns. (= Emusca Mall.), Viviparomusca Towns., and Ptilolepis Bezzi. All

the species classified in these subgenera belong to Patton’s third (/usovia) group.

Vice-versa, as far as I know, all the species of Patton’s /usorvia group must be

classified in one of the three subgenera with hairs on the suprasquamal ridge,

either in front or both in front and behind.

These two classifications of Musca thus prove to agree very well indeed with

each other, the only deviations being confined to two forms which are regarded

as intermediate by Patton, but definitely included in one of the groups by

Malloch, and to three species of Patton’s first group, which in Malloch’s classi-

fication belong to the second group.

Quite recently Dr. Ch’i Ho has published a classification of this genus based

on the female terminalia (1938, Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 32: 287). He finds that

his results agree very well with Patton’s, except for the three species dasyops,

planiceps and formosana. The discrepancy of dasyops, however, is only apparent

as Ho overlooked Patton’s later description of the male terminalia of this

species (see above, p. 74). I am unable at present to comment on the dis-

crepancy regarding planiceps and formosana, especially as I have not seen Mal-

loch’s type of formosana, which is said to be a Viviparomusca, while planiceps

(Wied.) Mall. 1929 is a Biomyia. Apparently this species is somewhat inter-

mediate, as the extent to which v4-+-5 is setulose, a character which roughly

corresponds to the setules on the suprasquamal ridge, is distinctly variable in

this species. I have, however, never seen any bristles on the suprasquamal ridge.

The typical series of Musca patton Aust. consisted of several species, the type

being a Bromyra and, in fact, the species described as yerburyi by Patton'. Ho and

Patton no doubt studied another species under the name patton. The other

species mentioned by Ho as Ewmusca also belong to this genus according to the

characters used by Malloch, with the exception of inferior and gibsont, which

would belong to Viviparomusca, the former being regarded as a special sub-

genus. On the other hand most of the species mentioned as Vzviparomusca by

Ho (pp. 307 and 310) would—so far as they are known to me—be referable to

this genus from the external characters. Only lusorta Wied. and herver Villen.

would be Ewmusca. It must be kept in mind, regarding these discrepancies,

that some of the species are certainly still interpreted in a different manner by

different authors. I have been able through the courtesy of Dr. Ch’i Ho to

study his series of hervei, and it turned out that some of his females, among others

the one with the abdomen dissected, belong to a Viviparomusca (bezztt °),

whereas the others and all the males (which alone show the particular pattern

1] have meanwhile been enabled through the kindness of Prof. R. M. Gordon and

Dr. J. Smart to verify this by examining Prof. Patton’s types of yerburyt.

76 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

on the ventral surface of the abdomen of Musca hervet) belong to a Eumusca.

Ho unites Musca and the Biomyia group in one genus and separates Ewmusca

and Viviparomusca. This could as well be imitated on exterior characters, and it

emphasizes that Eumusca in every regard is intermediate between Biomyia and

Viviparomusca.

In the following key the three main groups are maintained, though a key

somewhat more convenient in use would result in disregarding the natural

relations and in separating the species by more striking characters. However,

on principle, I prefer classificatory keys to artificial ones, and I want in this

particular case to demonstrate the classification of the Ethiopian species of

Musca simultaneously with giving a key. Moreover, good artificial keys,

which may be used with advantage besides the present key, have been given in

Patton’s papers. As it would, however, be awkward to be obliged to check the

hairs on the front end of the suprasquamal ridge in the second bifurcation, I

have worked out the key in such a way that for the purpose of identification this

character may be neglected in the second bifurcation (paragraph 7) and need

only be checked to separate the Biomyia with unarmed front tibiae from the

species of Eumusca. As Ihave not been able yet to study types other than in

the B.M., I have thought it desirable to adopt essentially the nomenclature

used by Patton (1936).

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF MUSCA

1(6). Propleura hairy in the depression between humeral callus and propleural

bristle (Fig. 1A). Suprasquamal ridge bare. Front tibiae without a

submedian pv bristle, mid-tibiae without a submedian av bristle. Thorax

with four black longitudinal vittae (Musca s. str.)

2(5). All post dc strong. Frons of male one and a half to three times as wide as the

third antennal joint. Abdomen in both sexes in addition to the median

vitta more or less infuscate at least on the third and fourth segments.

domestica L. 3.

3(4). Frons of male about thrice as wide at narrowest point as the third antennal

joint. Abdomen largely infuscate in female, at least the third and

fourth segments infuscate in male : i . domestica domestica L.

4(3). rons of male less than thrice as wide at narrowest point as the third antennal

joint. Abdomen more or less bright orange, especially at the sides of the

base, darkened on fourth segment and at least apex of third in male.

domestica vicina Maca

5(2). The first 2-3 post dc weak. Frons of male about as wide as the third antennal

joint or narrower. Abdomen bright orange, not infuscate or slightly in-

fuscate on fourth segment, median vitta narrow on third segment and

usually absent on fourth : : cuthbertsont Patt!

6(1). Propleura bare in the depression eween te umeral callus and the pro-

pleural bristle.

1 — spectanda Curr. nec Wied.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE IG

7(34). Suprasquamal ridge entirely bare (except for microscopic pile).!

8(11). stpl missing. Sternopleura glossy, not dusted. Front tibiae without a pu

submedian bristle, mid-tibiae without an av submedian bristle. Thorax

of male glossy black, dusted at humeral calli, of female black with very

dense whitish-grey dust on a pattern similar to that of sovbens. Abdomen

mainly yellow in male, black, largely whitish dusted in female. (Lisso-

steyna Bezzi) g : é albina Wied. 9

g(10). Eyes of male bare or almost Bare Poe eeumneral peiede absent albina albina Wied.

i10(9). Eyes of male long-haired. Posthumeral bristle present in male. Female

unknown : ; s : 6 : é : albina polita Mall.

1(8). stpl present.

2(33). Mid-tibiae without a distinct av postmedian bristle. Proboscis normal or

slender, mentum less than twice as high as the third antennal segment.

13(18). Eyes distinctly haired in both sexes, and front tibiae without a submedian pu

bristle. Abdomen of male testaceous on sides of second and third

segments, abdomen of female entirely dark (Plavemyia R.-D.)

14(15). Epistoma produced, head longer on lower surface than at the base of the

antennae ; proboscis long with the mentum extremely slender, rod-

like. o+-1 dc (the very closely related and similar palearctic vityipennis

Mg. has 2+ 3 dc). Thorax of male with slight metallic reflections and

without distinct whitish dust, thus without vittae, the female with dust

and vittae, the latter on each side narrowly separate even behind

suture. Female with only the upper half of the parafrontals shining

and without grey pruinosity . 4 4 . lasiophthalma Thoms.?

5(14). Epistoma not produced, the head shorter on cena surface than at the base

of the antennae ; proboscis and mentum normal, the latter fusiform.

o+2 dc.* Thorax of both sexes with distinct whitish dust, the vittae

confluent behind suture : j intevvrupta Walk. 16

16(17). Abdomen of the male largely bright orange, ihe dark Redian vitta occupying

less than a fifth of the width of the second and third segments and not

enclosing silvery paramedian spots.—Cape . tinterrupta interrupta Walk.

17(16). Abdomen of the male largely dark, the dark median vitta occupying more

than half of the width of the segment on the second and about a third

on the third segment, and enclosing a paramedian silvery spot on both

segments. Parafrontals of female almost entirely shining.

intervupta dasyops Stein

18(13). Eyes bare or front tibiae with a pu bristle beyond middle (Biomyia R.-D.)

19(30). Front tibiae without a pu bristle beyond middle. (If the absence of small

black bristles on the lower front part of the suprasquamal ridge has not

been ascertained before and if v4+ 5 is not setulose beyond y—m, the

1 Tf the wing is not spread out in a way to expose the suprasquamal ridge entirely, it is

sufficient (if necessary) to bend the alula with the tip of a pin towards the wing, in order to

ascertain the presence or absence of bristly hairs on the posterior part of the ridge.

2 Thomson’s description undoubtedly refers to this species (see his words on the head,

the proboscis, and the metallic colour of the thorax), which has been called interrupta

Walk. by Malloch, Patton, and Curran. The latter species, the type of which I have

studied, has, however, the characters described in paragraphs 15 and 16 and is closely

related to dasyops Stein.

3 2-+-4 dc, setulae on ventral surface of y4-++-5 extending to beyond y—m; suprasquamal

ridge with bristly hairs on lower front extremity. See (Euwmusca) lasiopa Villen., paragraph

34 et seq.

78 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

former character must be checked now. The anterior suprasquamai

bristles can be seen, if the wing is spread out perpendicularly or else by

lifting or tearing off the upper calyptra. If these bristles are present, or

if yg¢-+ 5 is setulose beyond y-m, follow paragraph 34.)

20(21). Thorax metallic green or brassy in both sexes, abdomen metallic and orange

in male, metallic except at base, which is orange below in front, in

female. 5 just closed at costa. o+1-—2 dc, of which only the prsc is

strong. Parafrontals almost entirely densely dusted in female, at least

as wide in middle as the interfrontalia . : : : lucidula Lw.

21(20). Thorax and abdomen without conspicuous metallic reflections. R5 open at

apex. Several well-developed prst and post dc. Parafrontals in female

narrower in middle than the interfrontalia.

22(23). Abdomen entirely orange in both sexes, without any marks (though some-

times infuscate at apex by post-mortal rot), shining, without any

dusting. Thorax with four narrow longitudinal vittaet : ventyosa Wied.

23(22). Abdomen at least with a longitudinal brown to black median vitta and

always with conspicuous dusted spots; abdomen entirely black, 1f four

thoracic vittae are present.

24(27). Thoracic spiracle whitish. Thorax with the vittae of each side fused behind

suture, thus with two broad longitudinal vittae. Scutellum with con-

spicuous whitish dust on a large part of its dorsal surface. Vein v—m

rather straight or slightly sigmoid. Usually middle-sized species.

3 Abdomen orange at least on sides of second and third segments. Hind

tarsi simple. 2° Second abdominal segment almost entirely dusted.

Parafrontals with the setulae in several irregular rows sorbens Wied. 25

25(26). First abdominal segment of male almost entirely dark brown, second and

third segments of male with a very conspicuous dark brown vitta.

Abdomen entirely olivaceous-blackish in female except for the dusting

and the ventral surface of the base, which is more or less testaceous.

sovbens sovbens Wied.”

26(25). First abdominal segment of male mainly pale orange, the centre of the base

more or less broadly suffusedly brown. The median vitta of the second

and third abdominal segments narrower and tending to disappear. In

1 Single specimens of the domestica group, in which the propleural hairs are lacking,

would point to paragraphs 22 and 23. They can be distinguished from ventyosa by the

abdominal pattern, from the species under 23 by the four thoracic vittae, which are very

neat, or the abdomen, which is never entirely black, but at most entirely olive-grey. If

the bristly hairs at the lower front part of the suprasquamal ridge have been overlooked,

the species of Eumusca as far as they have v4-+5 setulose only at base, would point to

paragraph 23, but they would not fit any of the species coming under it.

*Tam unable to distinguish vetustissima Walk. Patt. from this species. Patton uses the

more bluish-grey dust of vetustissima and the more yellowish-grey one of sovbens. The

colour of this dust, however, seems to be rather variable and is variable even on the different

parts of the thorax of one single specimen. The second character used by Patton is the

distance of the eyes in the male, which is said to be one-sixth to one-eighth in sorybens and

one-ninth in vetustissima. Patton himself, however, emphasizes the variability of this

character in sovbens and synonymizes angustifyvons Thoms. (1926, Rec. Ind. Mus. 28: 44;

1933, Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 27: 405). In his earlier papers (e.g. 1926, p. 44), Patton

writes that sorvbens and vetustissima ‘‘can easily be distinguished’’, but in his recent key

(1936, p. 473), he states that they are ‘‘sometimes difficult to distinguish’. I am satisfied,

after all, that at least the African specimens of vetustissima are only fluctuations of sorbens.

The difference in the male terminalia, as figured by Patton, is small and can easily be ex-

plained by fluctuating and geographical variation.

27(24).

28(29).

29(28).

30(19).

31(32).

32(31).

33(12).

34(7)-

35(50).

36(45).

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 79

the female (the unique female in the B.M.—one of the two typical

females—is rather teneral) the abdomen is as in the male, but the dark

pattern is less conspicuous.—‘‘ Evidently a desert form ”’ (Malloch).

sorbens alba Mall.

Thoracic spiracle black to brown. Abdomen entirely black in both sexes,

except for the white dusting. Thorax with the vittae of each side not

completely fused or without vittae. Scutellum without any whitish

dust on the dorsal surface in male or in both sexes (though with the

inconspicuous brown dust, which covers the dark parts of the thorax).

Vein ym rather concave. 9. Secondabdominai segment without whitish

dust except for a small spot on the lateral margin. Parafrontals with one

series only of setulae.—Very small species (2°5—3°5, seldom up to 4°5 mm.).

Either the dorsum of the thorax without distinct whitish dust at all (except

at humeral callus) and thus without vittae (4) or the scutellum dusted

in the same way as the mesonotum (2). Hind tarsisimple tempestiva Fall.

Mesonotum with distinct whitish dust, especially just in front of the scu-

tellum, but the dorsal surface of the scutellum without any whitish

dust in either sex. Third and fourth segments of hind tarsi in male

with outstanding curled hairs, which are longer than the diameter of the

tarsi. : : : : : é é : : fasciata Stein

Front tibiae with a conspicuous pv bristle beyond middle.

Proboscis normal, with the labellae short, the latter about as long as the third

antennal segment. Two pairs of well-developed pyst dc, the second of

which is more than half and usually almost as long as the last but one

post dc. Anterior spiracles white. Thoracic hairs moderately short.

The vittae on either side of the mesonotum separate in front of the

suture. Second and third abdominal segments orange in male, except

for a dark brown median vitta, entirely dark in female. conducens Walk.

Proboscis long with very long labellae, the latter more than twice as long as

the third antennal segment. Only one small pair of prst dc immediately

in front of suture, which is less than half as long, seldom almost half as

long as the last but one post dc. Anterior spiracles brown. Thoracic

hairs extremely short. The vittae on either side of the thorax entirely

fused in both sexes, even in front of suture. Abdomen entirely dark in

both sexes, largely covered with brownish-grey dust tempestatum Bezzi

Mid-tibiae with a distinct av submedian bristle. Proboscis stout, mentum

about thrice as high as the third antennal segment. Thorax, except

for four narrow longitudinal vittae, which remain separate on each side,

and abdomen except for the basal part of the first segment, almost

evenly covered with dense greyish dust (the sides of the mesonotum in the

supraalar area, the sides of the scutellum at base, and a cuneiform spot

on the second and third abdominal segments are dark in addition to this

pattern). Palpitestaceous. Vein v4-+ 5 with a few setulae only at base.

(Philaematomyia, Austen) P - ¢ : ‘ crassivostvis Stein.

Suprasquamal ridge with bristly hairs on lower front extremity (tympanic

tuft : ¢.¢.),or on front extremity as well as on posterior part (parasquamal

tuft : p.t.). (Fig. 1b).

Suprasquamal ridge without erect bristly hairs on posterior part (Ewmusca

Towns.)

Longitudinal vittae of thorax not fused behind the suture, the thorax thus

37(44).

[o.2)

39(38).

40(41).

46(47).

47(40).

48(49).

(39).

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with four vittae throughout. Parafrontals of female almost entirely

greyish dusted, if the setulae on ventral surface of v4-+ 5 reach beyond

ym.

Setulae on ventral surface of vein y4-+ 5 confined to base, not reaching v—m.

One to about four bristles on posterior side of dorsal surface of stem vein.

Abdominal sternites orange in both sexes. Second and third abdominal

tergites orange in both sexes at least on sides (2) or with the exception

of a dark median vitta and very conspicuous marginal bands behind (3).

One bristle only on stem-vein. Hair of thorax in front of suture very

short, almost spinuliform, not longer than the width of the third an-

tennal segment, the anterior post dc distinct ; xanthomelas Wied.

Abdominal sternites black or orange, in the latter case the stem-vein with

two or more bristly hairs. Abdominal tergites entirely black in female;

if partly orange in male, the second segment without a dark marginal

band behind. Hair of thorax fine and long, at least one-and-a-half times

as long as the width of the third antennal segment in female, more than

twice the width of the third antennal segment in male. autummnalis DeG. 40

Stem-vein with 2—4(5) bristles. All the post dc strong and well developed.

Parafrontals of female with the usual rather sparse setulae. Abdomen

of male with the sternites more or less orange and the second and third

tergites orange except for a dark median vitta. autummnalis autumnalis DeG.}

Stem-vein with one bristle only. The first two or three post dc absent, only

2+2 dc distinct. Abdominal sternites black in both sexes. Para-

frontals of female with very dense and fine long hairs on dorsal half.

. Abdomen of male with second and third tergites orange except for a dark

median vitta : . autumnalis pseudocorvina ssp. n.

Abdomen in both sexes entirely black Ww ith greyish dust autumnalis ugandae ssp. n.

7). Setulae on ventral surface of yg+5 almost reaching apex. Stem-vein with

about 5—6 bristles on posterior side of dorsal surface (at least in speci-

mens from the Ethiopian region). All the dc strong. Sternites and

ventral parts of the tergites largely orange in both sexes. Parafrontals

of female almost entirely greyish dusted : : lusoria Wied.

. Longitudinal vittae of thorax fused or almost fused behind suture, thorax

thus with two broad black vittae behind suture, which sometimes are

bisected in the female sex by a very narrow faint pale dusted vitta.

Setulae on ventral surface of vg+5 reaching well beyond 7m. Para-

frontals of female black and shining, except on lower fourth.

Eyes hairy. Basicostal scale black. Calyptrae strongly smoky with the

border brown. Abdomen of the female entirely black, with the front

and hind margins of the segments rather broadly devoid of dust, the

undusted area dilated on lateral quarter of thesecond and third segments,

so that the transverse patch of pale dust on each half of these segments

is almost divided. Male unknown : : : : lasiopa Villen.

Eyes bare. Basicostal scale yellow. Calyptrae white to smoky, the margin

at most slightly smoky. Abdomen almost entirely pale dusted, if

entirely dark in female.

First abdominal segment entirely dark on dorsal surface in both sexes,

abdomen entirely dark with grey pruinosity in female, second and third

1 Not known from the Ethiopian region.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 81

segments orange with a well-developed median vitta in male, fourth

segment largely dark in centre in male, more or less orange towards

sides of base in male. Eyes of male with a rather well-marked large-

faceted area, parafacials of male narrower than third antennal segment.

Black vittae of thorax moderately wide, very distinctly separate in

female from front end to suture. Smaller ‘ : munyot Patt.

49(48). First abdominal segment more or less largely orange on crea surface, at

least on posterior lateral part, often almost entirely orange, second and

third segments entirely orange in both sexes, with or without an

incomplete brown median vitta in male and with a narrow black mar-

ginal band behind in female, fourth segment orange, the apex more or

or less darkened. Eyes of male without or with a well-marked large-

faceted area, parafacialia of male slightly wider than third antennal

segment. Black vittae of thorax very wide, entirely fused in front of

suture, even in female. Larger. , : gabonensis Macq.

). Suprasquamal ridge with erect, black, bristly one on iostenior part (Fig- 10,

p.t.). Lower calyptra without erect black bristly hairs. Setulae on ventral

surface of v4+ 5 reaching well beyond 1—-m. (Vivipavomusca Towns.)

Longitudinal vittae of thorax fused behind suture at least in male,

thorax thus with two broad vittae behind suture in this sex or in both

sexes. Sternites orange, somewhat infuscate partially in female.

51(52). Basicostal scale bright yellow. Eyes of male with a rather well-marked

large-faceted area. Female with four longitudinal vittae on thorax,

parafrontals almost entirely dusted. Smaller. First abdominal seg-

ment entirely dark on dorsal surface in both sexes,abdomen entirely dark

with grey pruinosity in female, the sides of the second and third tergites

somewhat translucent orange,! second and third segments orange in

male with a an ae dark median vitta, fourth segment largely

infuscate . : : : 5 alpesa Walk.

52(51). Basicostal scale black or browne! Byes oi the male without a well-marked

large-faceted area. Larger.

53(54). First abdominal segment entirely black in both sexes, dorsum of abdomen

entirely black in female, the whitish dust reduced to a transverse patch on

each side of the second to fourth segments, a median vitta and a broad an-

terior and posterior margin remaining dark and undusted. In the male

a broad median vitta on the second and third segments, the hind margin

of the third and the whole of the fourth segment are black. Calyptrae

infuscate with the border brown é ; c : : elatioy Villen.

54(53). First abdominal segment mainly orange on dorsal surface in both sexes,

second and third segments orange in both sexes with a median black

vitta, which sometimes tends to disappear in male. Calyptrae with the

50(3

margin white : : : : é : : . natalensis Villen,

1 This identification of the female of alpesa evidently clashes with that of Patton. The

female was unknown to Walker, who described the male from Sierra Leone. The type Is a

Viviparvomusca, and a male and female from Obuasi (Ashanti) and a single female from

Coquilhatville (Belg. Congo) in the B.M. are no doubt conspecific. The above characters

refer to this material and a male from Entebbe (Uganda). The specimens studied by Patton

came from the latter locality, and the males may be assumed to be conspecific. Patton's

female may either be teneral or a variety of a/pesa.

2T have not seen females of natalensis, and the colour-characters in the above key are

taken from Patton’s paper. The colour of the basicostal scale in the female sex is unknown.

TI, 3

82 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Musca domestica L.

S.W. UcaAnDaA: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), 2 9;

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., 27.x.34 (F.W.E.),1 g,19,in

Cedar Forest.

Typical localities: EUROPE, AMERICA.

The American material at hand, though not very large, includes all the transi-

tions between typical domestica and typical vicina. The frons of the unique

male in the present collection is not appreciably narrower than that of speci-

mens of domestica bred by Dr. H. Scott in London.

Musca interrupta dasyops Stein.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, x.34, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft. (F.W.E. and J. Ford)

16 3, 33 9; ibid. 13,000 ft., 28.x.34 (J. Ford), 1 2, from Senecio brassicaeformis

or aberdarica; ibid. 10,000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), 1 9, from sweepings from

Alchemilla sp.; UGANDA: Kigezi Dist., Kanaba Gap, 7500 ft., 19.x1.34 (F.W.E.),

2; Mt. Elgon Bulambuli, 9500 ft., vii.34 (J. Ford), 1 3.

Typical locality: Kilimanjaro.

Known previously from the Aberdare Mts. and Mt. Kenya (see Malloch,

1925: 370 and Patton, 1936 : 485). The locality China, mentioned by Patton,

does not refer to this but to a closely related new species (Patton, 1937, Ann.

trop. Med. Parasit., 31 :209). Patton (1936: 489) in his more recent key to the

Ethiopian Muscae distinguishes the female of dasyops from interrupta Patt.

(= lasiophthalma Thoms.) by the presence of prst dc, whereas they are obliterate

in both these species, as was correctly stated by Stein and Malloch. The type

of Musca interrupta Walk. is conspecific with dasyops, but as the pattern of the

abdomen shows a very striking difference (see p. 77) and as interrupta was found

in the Cape Colony, the two forms will probably prove to be different subspecies.

I have seen no other specimen of znterrupta s. str.

Musca sorbens Wied.

UcanDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3,792; Masaka, 13.x1.34

(F.W.E.),1 3; S.W.UcanpDa: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford)

I 6; 1.9.

Typical locality: SIERRA LEONE.

Throughout the Ethiopian and Oriental regions and probably at least

part of the Australian region, South and East of the Mediterranean subregion

and in East Asia.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE ‘AND STOMOXYDINAE 83

Musca conducens Walk.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3,1 9; S.W. UGANDA:

Kigezi District, Lake Mutanda, 6000 ft., x1.34 (J. Ford), 1 9.

Typical locality: MAcAssAR (Celebes).

Throughout the Oriental region up to S, Nigeria and Gold Coast in the

Ethiopian region. I have seen some female specimens from Kenya, without

exact locality, collected by J. Isgaer Roberts (in B.M.), which would run to

conducens in the key. The size is that of M. planiceps Wied., but the abdomen

is entirely dark and the inner dark vittae of the thorax are as in conducens. The

parafrontals are shining black in the dorsal third and much wider and much

more haired, the stem-vein with several setulae. The eyes are covered with

sparse extremely short and inconspicuous hairs.

I have recently received two females from the Chyulu Hills (KENyA, N. of

Kilimanjaro, 5600 ft., vii.38 (Dr. van Someren)), which are closely related, but in

which the eyes are more distinctly hairy, the parafrontals entirely black and

shining and the thorax and abdomen somewhat brassy. !

Musca autumnalis pseudocorvina ssp. n.

Length 7-7-5 mm.; length of wings 5:5—6:5 mm.

Head: black, with grey pruinosity with blackish reflections. [Eyes bare,

subcontiguous and with a well-marked large-faceted area in male, separated by

more than their own width in female, parafrontals of female fully half as wide

as interfrontals, dusted on lower third, black and shining above and with dense

and long fine erect black hairs. Parafacials almost as wide as third antennal

joint in male, wider than it in female. Jowls wide and very bristly in both

sexes. Palpi and antennae black, the third joint of the latter more than twice

as long as the second.

Thorax: black, with whitish-grey dust, dorsum with four rather broad black

longitudinal vittae and a black stripe connecting the presutural part of the sub-

lateral vitta with the black base of the lateral declivity of the scutellum, the

latter largely greyish dusted with a broad longitudinal median stripe which is

black in posterior view. o-+1 acr, 2+-2 dc, pra distinct and stout though rather

short, 1+-2 stl.

Abdomen. black, with greyish dust, the colour of which changes according

to the incidence of light. In the male the lateral and ventral parts of the

second and third segments are orange, a black median vitta on the dorsum

separating the orange pattern; this vitta occupies fully a quarter of the width

of the second and about a fifth of the width of the third segment and is dilated

in front and behind on each segment.

Legs: black, the front tibiae without a pv and the mid-tibiae without an av

submedian bristle, the mid-tibiae, however, with an ad bristle on apical fifth.

1 This may be the form recorded as M. vitripennis by Séguy (1935, Miss. scient. Omo

1, Zool. : 277).

84 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings: rather strongly yellowish infuscate at base, m almost straight behind

the bend, stem-vein with one bristly hair on posterior side of dorsal surface,

base of v4-++5 with one hair on dorsal surface and a few on ventral surface.

Basicostal sclerite black, basicostal scale yellow. Calyptrae strongly yellowish.

smoky, almost ferrugineous.

Male terminalia: asin autumnalts, the horns of the posterior process slightly

more slender, the parameres still more axe-shaped than in the one from

S. Europe, figured by Patton, 1932: 399, f. 25 d.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, r0,500-11,500 ft. Heath Zone, 11.35 (F.W.E.), I Q;

Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., 26.x.34 (&.W.E.), 12; ibid. gooo ft.,

Cedar Forest (F.W.E.), typer g. Kinangop, vi.30 (H. J. A. Turner), 1 9, in

Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi.

[One male and female from Birunga (Uganda), 11.1933 (G. L. R. Hancock),

show precisely the same characters, but the abdomen of the male is entirely

black with grey dusting. I have named this form ssp. ugandae in the key. I

am not able to distinguish the female from that of ssp. pseudocorvina. |

Musca gabonensis Macq.

UcGanpDa: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3; «bid. Mbarara,

£5:x1:34(P WE); 1 9.

Typical locality: GABON.

In B.M. from SIERRA LEonE, N. NIGERIA, KENnyA, NATAL.

Musca elatior Villen.

Villeneuve 1937, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. nat. Belg. 13, nr.35: 4.

UcanpDaA: Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 8000 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1 ¢.

Typical locality: Bric. Conco, Lulenga, envir. Mission Rugari.

Only the female of this species was described by Villeneuve. Dr. Villeneuve

de Janti, to whom I offer my sincere thanks, has been kind enough to send me

the types of MW. lastopa Villen. and elatior Villen. I believe the present specimen

to be the male of 7. elatior. It has the size and characters of M. natalensis, but

the abdominal pattern is darker even than that of M. alpesa. The dorsum of the

first segment is entirely black, the second and third segments have a broad

black median vitta which is somewhat dilated towards the articulation between

these segments and strongly dilated towards the first and fourth segments,

forming a complete hind marginal band on the third. The fourth segment is

practically entirely black. The remaining parts of the second and third seg-

ments and the ventral part of the tergites of the first (but not the first sternite)

are bright yellow. The calyptrae are blackish (darker than in the female) with

dark brown border and fringe, and the wings are rather strongly infuscate

towards base and costa, especially at the former to beyond h.

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE-AND STOMOXYDINAE 85

STOMOXYDINAE

Stomoxys varipes Bezzi (Fig. 6)

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 27 & 31.x.34, 9000 ft., Cedar Forest

(F.W.E.), 1 3,1; ibid. 8000-9000 ft., most of them in bamboo forest (J. Ford),

7g, 109; ibid. 13,000 ft., 28-30.x.34 (J. Ford), on Senecio brassicaefornus or

aberdarica i g, 1 2; Natrosi, Nyong Forest, 6500 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), I &.

In B.M. from Eritrea: Asmara (typical locality), cotype. ABYSSINIA:

Busika and Gatelo Amaiyu, 4-5.xi.rg11 (R. J. Stordy). Kenya: Nairobi,

Fig. 6.—Stomoxys varipes Bezzi. § from Mt. Kinangop. Side-view of thorax.

Fig. 7.—Stomoxys nigva Macq. g from Naivasha (Kenya). Side-view of thorax.

22.vi.: Kericho, 5500 ft., 1.xi.12 (R. B. Woosnam); Kongai R., 12 m. from

Nyasu; Narosera R., 5500 ft., vii.19g13; escarpment N. of Nagura, 8000 ft.,

13.xi., 1g, 191. TANGANYIKA: Lake Embagai, 7000 ft., vi-viii.1937 (B. Cooper);

Ufiomi, 2.vi.16 (W. A. Lamborn). NYASALAND: Limbe. Seen from UGANDA:

Sipi, 3.v.32 (E. G. Gibbins), I g.

Has been found in the Aberdare Mts. and in bamboo forest previously (see

Malloch). Bezzi described the female only; Malloch (1932, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(r0)9: 399), recognized besides females one slightly teneral male only as belong-

ing to this species. All the females seen have at least the middle and hind

femora, often also the front femora, testaceous with the apex black, whereas

1 The female was identified as varipes in the B.M., but the male is labelled by Malloch

as ‘‘ Stomoxys sp.”

86 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

teneral specimens only of the male sex (in the present collection a specimen

from the cedar forest on Mt. Kinangop), have the basal two-thirds of the

femora more or less pale, while in mature males the femora are entirely black.

(This fact has also been observed by Dr. Villeneuve (1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. afr.

24: 293).) From Malloch’s key one would be inclined to identify the mature

male as migra Macq., from the male of which species it differs by the much

longer and denser hair and the longer and finer setae of the thorax (Figs. 6 and 7).

It is very interesting that Bezzi identified a male from Asmara—the type locality

of his var1pes—as sitiens Rond., whereas Malloch regarded this specimen as “‘a

dark specimen” of bilineata Griinb. I presume that varipes and bilineata will

ultimately prove to be subspecies of the same species.

It is worth while to mention that no specimen of the common species

calcitrans L. and migra Macq. was caught by the Expedition, though these two

species usually form the majority or the entirety of the collections sent for identi-

fication by medical entomologists from Kenya and Uganda. These species

thus seem to be confined to the lower parts of the country.

Stomoxys inornata rodhainica Roub. (rhodainica Roub. errore)

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1 ¢; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft.

(FW. EE), 6:

Typical locality: BELG. Conco: Lake Kivu, Kibati.

In B.M. from Kenya: Kericho, 5500 ft., 1.xi.12; Amala R., 5500 ft., 27.vii.

13 (Rk. B. Woosnam); Mt. Kenya, 5600 ft., 9.v.13 (R. B. Woosnam); S. foot of

Mt. Elgon, 5100-5800 ft., 8-13.vi.rgtz (S. A. Neave). UGANDA: Mpanga

Forest, Toro, 4800 ft. (S. A. Neave).

The form has been described by Roubaud (and quoted by most other

authors) as rhodainica, though it is named after Dr. J. Rodhain, who discovered

the species, as stated by Roubaud.

According to Zumpt (1938, Zschr. angew. Ent. 25: 342), this form should be

a synonym of zornata, as Griinberg’s two typical specimens were according to

him strongly darkened by the preservation in a tropical climate. This might

be possible with regard to the body and perhaps the tibiae, but this could by

no means account for the difference in the colour of the wings. These are in-

tensely blackened (‘‘intensiv schwarzlich getriibt’’ Griinberg) in S. cnornata

and moderately infuscate (‘‘médiocrement obscurcies’’ Roubaud) in rodhainica.

Though I have not seen the types of either of these forms I should regard them

as different, but closely related. In the five mature—the sixth specimen is

teneral—specimens of inornata and the twenty-five specimens of rodhainica in

the B.M., the characters given by Griinberg and Malloch hold good. The wings

are very strikingly blackened in these 4 3 and 1 9 of inornata, especially towards

the base and front margin, whereas they are evenly and moderately infuscate

MUSCIDAE: MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 87

in all the specimens of vodhainica. Taking into account that these znornata

are from Ashanti (Gold Coast) and Griinberg’s ‘types from Buea (S. Nigeria,

close to the N.W. corner of the former Cameroons), and that vodhainica occurs

in the Eastern part of the Belgian Congo and W. Uganda and W. and Central

Kenya, it seems to be safe to regard the two forms as distinct geographical

races.

Stomoxys brunnipes Grinb.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 9.

Typical localities: CAMEROONS, Buea and Barombi Station; TANGANYIKA.

In B.M. from SIERRA LEONE, GOLD Coast, N. NIGERIA, ASHANTI, ERITREA,

EGYPTIAN SUDAN, KENYA, TANGANYIKA, NYASALAND, N.E. RHODESIA, NATAL.

Stomoxys omega Newst.

-n. syn. wiggleswortht Zumpt, 1938, Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hygiene 42: 263.

UGanpDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3, 2 2.

Typical localities: Brtc. Conco, Ukungwe, Sendwe; of wigglesworthi:

Yaba, near Lagos.

In B.M. from UGANDA: Mpanga Forest, Toro, 4800 ft., 13-23.xi.1911 (S. A.

Neave); Mpumu (Dr. H. L. Duke); BELG. ConGco, Sendwe (Drs. Dutton and

Todd); SIERRA LEONE, ASHANTI, S. NIGERIA: Yaba, nr. Lagos, 1909-1910

(Dr. W. M. Graham) 2 9. Malloch has seen a specimen from NYASALAND.

S. wiggleswortht Zumpt is in my opinion a synonym of this species. Accord-

ing to Zumpt it can only be distinguished in the male sex (the B.M. obtained

through the courtesy of Prof. P. A. Buxton some female paratypes of Zumpt’s

species from Yaba) and only by the lack in his two males of the curled bristles

on the second joint of the fore tarsi. As one of the males from Kilembe has

curled outstanding-hairs on the first two joints and the other on the first joint

only, this synonymy seems to be established.

Stomoxys stigma sp. n. (Fig. 8)

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), § type; Nam-

wamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2, types in B.M.

Length 7:3-7:5 mm.; length of wing 8 mm.

§. Head: black, densely grey-dusted, parafacials and parafrontals very

narrow, greyish silvery, interfrontalia a quarter as wide as one eye, blackish

with greyish sheen, gradually somewhat widened towards vertex, frontal

bristles as in S. omega. Jowls as in omega though somewhat wider and more

silvery, face as in omega. Palpi reddish testaceous, antennae with first joint

brown, second joint brownish-testaceous with reddish-testaceous apex, third

88 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

joint reddish-testaceous, slightly infuscate towards apex, arista reddish-testa-

ceous in basal two-fifths.

Thorax: black, with bluish-grey pruinosity at the same places as in S. omega,

having the same omega-shaped black pattern in front of the suture. Hair and

bristles longer, three distinct frst dc, of which the front one is shortest, 4-6

distinct fost dc, of which three are at least three times as long as the dorsal

hairs, the last two of them are subequal in length. Chaetotaxy otherwise as in

omega.

Abdomen: entirely black with slight bluish-grey dust, a narrow dark mar-

ginal fascia with brownish dust along the apex of the second and third segments

and a narrow black median line.

Fig. 8.—Stomowxys stigma sp. n. 2, wing.

Legs: black, with narrowly reddish-testaceous knees, as in S. omega, the

male fore tarsi with the same curled hairs on the two basal joints, the hind tibiae

with the three av bristles longer, slightly longer than the diameter of the tibia.

Wings (Fig. 8): somewhat smoky as in S. omega, the costal margin, how-

ever, is strongly infuscate, the infuscation being ill-defined behind, cloudy in Cz

and C2, very dark greyish-brown in Sc (except a narrow hyaline streak along

the bend of sc), and dark greyish-brown in Rr, especially the part of it adjoining

the pterostigma. vz and 7v4-+5 setulose as in omega, venation as in that species.

Squamae and halteres as in omega.

2. Similar to the g. Interfrontals two-thirds as wide as one eye. Abdomen

with uniform brown pruinosity which is not very conspicuous at all from behind.

Hair and bristles somewhat shorter than in the male, though much longer than

in the male of S. omega.

Though very closely related to S. omega Newst., to which it works out in the

keys, S. stigma can easily be distinguished by its size (comparing with 4-5-6 mm.

MUSCIDAE’. MUSCINAE AND STOMOXYDINAE 89

in S. omega), the dark pterostigma and costal margin of the wing (which are

slightly and uniformly smoky in omega), the testaceous antennae (third joint

dark brownish-grey in omega, first and second piceous), and the much more

developed dorsocentrals. In S. omega there are two short prst and 2-3 short and

two longer fost dc, the last but one of them hardly half as long as the last one.

Though the characters of S. stigma are extremely striking in both sexes and

the form could not be united with any of the described species, I presume that

this is only a luxuriant local form of S. omega.

Stomoxys pallida Roub.

UGanpa: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 1 8.

Typical locality: DAHOMEY.

In B.M. from DAHoMEy (cotype); UGANDA: Mpumu (Dr. H. L. Duke);

SIERRA LEONE: Nijala (E. Hargreaves); NYASALAND: Pingwe Hill, 4000 ft.,

13.vi.1915 (C. Mason).

Stomoxys ochrosoma Speis.

syn. flavida Mall. teste Patton, 1933, Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 27:5; Zumpt, 1938,

Zschr. angew. Ent. 25: 341.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 2 g, 2 2, and Namwamba Valley,

6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 29; Budongo Forest, 1-8.11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 9.

Typical localities: Kilimanjaro; of flavida; UGANDA: Mpumu (in B.M.).

I saw 2 9 from Kampala (Uganda, H. Hargreaves leg.) and 1 2 from Nairobi

(Kenya, Symes and Hopkins leg.)._ Known also from Belg. Congo.

As far as can be judged from the description, Juteola Villen. (1934, Rev. Zool.

Bot. Afr. 24: 292) differs from this species only by its orange interfrontals.

Glossina pallidipes Aust.

UGANDA: Katwe, Lake Edward, 26.xii.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3.

This is the only specimen of Glossina preserved by the Expedition, and the

locality is well within the area known as inhabited by fallidipes.

[No Glossina were seen on or near any of the mountains visited, and the

only other locality apart from Katwe in which tse-tse flies were observed by the

Expedition was at the Waki Falls, near Butiaba, Lake Albert; at this latter

locality they were very numerous and troublesome but apparently no specimens

were preserved. According to information supplied by Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins

both G. palpalis R.D. and G. pallidipes Aust. occur at the Waki Falls, the

former being the more abundant.—l’.W.E.}

II, 3d