4. PSYCHODIDAE

By A. L. Tonnorr, Canberra

(With Plates XXIII and XXIV)

THE collection comprises 64 specimens distributed among 6 genera and

27 species; 24 of the species are new, all but one of these belonging to the sub-

family Psychodinae; with few exceptions the specimens were gathered by

Dr. Edwards. The collection provides a notable addition to the known Psy-

chodid fauna of Tropical Africa, from which 37 species had so far been described,

23 of these belonging to the genus Phlebotomus; the additions now made bring

the total to 61 species, the complete list being as follows:

BRUCHOMYIINAE

Bruchomyia edwardsv sp. n. Nemopalpus capensis Edw.

PHLEBOTOMINAE

Phlebotomus papatasii Scop. yusafi Sint.

minutus Rond. congolensis Bequ. & Walr.

africanus Newst. katangensis Bequ. & Walr.

squamipleuris Newst. adlert Theod.

mmgram Newst. buxtont Theod.

simillimus Newst. affinis Theod.

schwetzt Ad. T. & P. tvansvaalensts Sint.

schoutedent Ad. T. & P. durent Parr.

collartu Ad. T. & P. viduus Parr.

decipiens Theod. martint Parr.

vodhainmt Parr. longicuspis Parr.

freetownensis Sint.

TRICHOMYIINAE

Sycorax africanus Tonn.

PSYCHODINAE

Psychoda ingranu Tonn. reducta sp. Nn. modesta sp. nN.

nana Tonn. acuta sp. n. latipennis sp. 0.

alternata Say. deviata sp. n. albida sp. n.

savaviensis Edw. amphorica sp.n. plwmosa sp. n.

maxima sp. 0. undulata sp.n. dentata sp. n.

pseudomaxima sp.n. bilobata sp. n. dubitata sp. n.

Clytocerus africanus Tonn. fasciatus sp.n. — carbonarius sp. Nn.

Telmatoscopus albipunctatus Willist. edwardsi sp. n. crassiascoidatus sp.

fusctpennis Tonn. fuscus sp. n.

pallidus (Tonn.) pectinatus sp. n.

Brunettia pectinata Yonn. grahami Tonn. albonotata Brun.

splendens Tonn. gloriosa sp. n. obscura sp. n.

1,4

36 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The main feature of this list is the absence of Pericoma and Trichomyia which

are genera with a wide distribution in other regions of the world. The most

notable addition is that of Bruchomyia, so far known only from the neotropical

region; its validity will be discussed below.

The abundance of the species of Phlebotomus included in the list (the numer-

ous varieties have been omitted) may not give a true idea of the dominance

of this genus in the Ethiopian Psychodid fauna. On account of their haemato-

phagous habits these flies have been more assiduously collected and more

closely studied. Judging from the large number of species of Psychoda brought

back by Dr. Edwards, it is very likely that this genus, as at present conceived,

will prove to be the dominant one. This is almost everywhere the case, although

a glance at any list or collection may not bring this out. These very small,

fragile flies are as a rule completely neglected by collectors, moreover they

require a very painstaking study at high magnification in order to differentiate

the very closely related species; a considerable number of these have been over-

looked even in the palaearctic region.

Clytocerus is also well represented in the above list; this genus is found in

the palaearctic and nearctic regions as well.

Telmatoscopus has a world-wide distribution with the exception of temperate

South America. Brunettia is restricted to the Ethiopian, Oriental, and Austra-

lan regions.

In order to facilitate the comprehension of the following descriptions, I

shall draw attention to a few morphological points.

Venation: The interpretation which I have adopted since 1922 is shown in

Figs. 5 and 48; a few of the recent writers on this family have not followed

it as regard the last two long veins which I name M4 and Cu and not Cuz and

Cuz. A study of the most primitive genera such as Nemopalpus and Bruchomyia

shows distinctly that M is four-branched and Cu single in these genera (Fig. 5),

and in other fossil forms like Fophlebotomus; this last vein is there definitely

thicker and convex, but in the more recent genera and especially those of the

Psychodinae this is not the case: some secondary developments have taken

place which obscure the original condition. A comparison of Figs. 5 and 48

will make the homologies clear.

Genitalia: The terminology of the various parts of the male hypopygium

is given in Fig. 6. The hypopygium being inverted after emergence, the parts

situated below belong to the tergum; the sternum is usually reduced to a very

narrow bridge. When the aedeagus is symmetrical the parameres are sometimes

present, Fig. 12, but when it is asymmetrical, as is the case mostly in Psychoda,

the parameres, if present, are not at all easily differentiated from the rest of

the usually complicated aedeagus.

In many species of Psychoda there are, under the aedeagus (after the

PSYCHODIDAE 37

inversion), a couple of lobes which may be glabrous or pubescent, fleshy or

sclerotized or even united in a single piece; these I call here ‘internal lobes”’

(lig. 70). They are sometimes present when the parameres are well developed

and therefore are quite distinct from these.

In the case of an asymmetrical aedeagus, it sometimes happens that in the

males of one species, the various pieces composing this organ are not orientated

in the same way; in some specimens they are turned to the left in others to the

right, so that one is the mirrored image of the other, the order of the corres-

ponding pieces being the same from the top to bottom. It is difficult to conceive

how this can occur, but I have observed it in a number of species of Psychoda

and in some cases in individuals obtained through breeding from the same egg

batch. This peculiar feature has to be kept in mind when comparing slides of

genitalia with published figures; at first sight they may not appear to corre-

spond because of the inverted aedeagus.

The small processes inserted at the end of the cercopods which I have desig-

nated in the past as tenacles (not ‘tentacles’ as mentioned by a slip of the

editor in my paper on the Psychodidae of Chile) are here termed “retinacula’’

a term proposed by Eaton in one of his manuscript papers.

In most species of the Psychodinae, there is on the internal face of the

subgenital plate of the female a small process provided with sensory papillae or

setulae; I call it here “internal sensory organ.”’

BRUCHOMYIINAE

Bruchomyia Alexander

THREE species of this genus have so far been made known; they are all

restricted to South America; the genotype is B. argentina Alex. This genus

is distinguished from Nemopalpus by the higher number of segments in the

antennae and the greater length of vein Cu. However, the number of seg-

ments varies according to species and sometimes according to sex from a

minimum of 27 to a maximum (in the new species described below) of 113.

This character of the number of antennal segments is therefore unsafe as

a generic criterion; there would not be any sound reason to separate a group

with 16 segments as in Nemopalpus from another with 27, 28, 29, 30 or 113

segments were it not for a short Cw in the first and a longer one in the latter.

Furthermore, as more undescribed species turn up, we may well find that all

intermediate lengths of Cw will be represented in the series; in that case only

one course would remain open, that is to fuse the two genera.

The male genitalia offer no clue as regard the separation into two genera.

The hypopygium of Bruchomyia is more primitive, the sternite and the coxites

being all independent from one another whereas in some species of Nemopalpus

38 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

they are all fused in a single capsule; but in other species of this latter genus

the hypopygium is similar to that of bruchomyia. No special affinity is evident

between these species, which are scattered all over the world.

Bruchomyia edwardsi sp. n.

g. Integument and vestiture ochraceous yellow; wing vestiture fairly

scanty without darker tufts or markings. Vestiture of thorax and abdomen

rather short, not dense, ochraceous.

Bruchomyia edwardsi sp. n. Figs. 1 to 7.

(1) base of antenna; (2) median segment, only one ascoid shown; (3) 85th antennal

segment; (4) last two antennal segments; (5) wing; (6) side view of hypopygium;

(7) aedeagus and forceps from above.

PSYCHODIDAE 39

Eyes emarginated at the base of the antennae, somewhat approximated on

the frons, no trace of eye bridges.

Antennae 113-segmented; 1st segment (Fig. 1) as long as wide, 2nd sub-

spherical, 3rd subcylindrical, 2} times as long as wide, the following ones

cask-shaped and a little longer than wide, the median ones relatively more

elongate (I‘ig. 2); towards the end of the antennae the segments are more

tapering distally (lig. 3), the last one pyriform with a swollen apiculus (Tig. 4).

Ascoids two-branched, in pairs on segments 4 to 113; 3 ascoids on the third.

Hairs of verticils thin, scanty, not forming distinct campanuliform verticils.

Palpi darker than the antennae; formula of the five segments as follows:

7-13-23-27-91. Mouth parts half the length of the head, labella rounded and

fleshy.

Wing (ig. 5) elongate, well rounded at apex where the tip of 4 is situated,

Ser absent, m-v curved and placed well before the posterior fork, m-cu straight

and placed just at the fork of M3M4, Cur long (one-third of the wing length).

Vestiture composed of fine curved rather scanty hairs, fringe relatively short,

its colouration uniform like that of the body.

Legs very long and thin, the hind ones the longest, tibiae without fringe

but with a few regularly spaced short bristles, no tibial spurs, tarsi of all the legs

shorter than the tibiae; hind claws normal, equal to each other, pubescent,

almost straight, a small empodium present.

Hypopygium (Figs. 6-7) inverted, coxites subcylindrical, a little over twice

as long as wide, styles somewhat longer and with a conspicuous basal internal

expansion, apex claw-like; sternite and aedeagus united in one piece without

trace of suture between them, intromittent organ simple, symmetrical, elongate

and ending in a sharp point; ninth tergite somewhat longer than wide, cerci

in form of oval lamellae. ;

Wing length 5:3 mm.

Ruwenzor1: Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., Holotype and one paratype 3,

taken on a dead and mostly decayed, but still standing tree.

PHLEBOTOMINAE

Phlebotomus Rondani

The material from the Ruwenzori Expedition consisted of 1 ¢ and 3 2;

ro)

they agree fairly well with Ph. congolensis Beq. & Walr., var. distinctus Theod.

from the Gold Coast and the Sudan; however, the number of teeth in the

pharynx is not quite as high, 20 instead of 24.

The specimens are from Kilembe, 4500 ft., taken in a hollow tree in company

with large numbers of Cecidomyiidae.

14.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

PSY CHODINAE

KEY TO ETHIOPIAN GENERA OF PSYCHODINAE

Antennae with 16 or 15 segments; the last segments not diminutive or united

to each other ; : : : : : : ; ; ; : 2.

Antennae with 14, 15 or 16 segments; the last ones diminutive and often

united to each other . Psychoda Latr.

Wing membrane as well as the veins covered with hairs or scales Brunettia Annand.

Hairs on the veins only

Flagellar segments barrel- -shaped or fusiform without very pronounced basal

bulb : 4.

Flagellar segments with notable basal bulb, often more bulging on one side and

with a distinct distal neck . : . Lelmatoscopus Eaton

Number of antennal segments equal in | the two sexes Pericoma Wk.

Antenna of male 15-segmented; that of the female 16- segmented ; third seg-

ment of the g with a typical undulated brush; 4 ending at or very near

the tip of the wing; first basal cell often elongated : Clytocerus Eaton

KEY TO ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF PSYCHODA

All flagellar segments elongate amphora-shaped . : dubitata sp. n.

At least the median segments with basal spherical bulb ‘and long distal neck . 2h

Antennae 16- segmented : , : : : 5 ¢ 2 5 é 3.

Antennae 15- or 14-segmented_ . : : : o : Io.

None of the last antennal segments united together ; g F : : 4.

The 14th and 15th antennal ‘segments united ‘together : .

Origin of stem of anterior fork placed somewhat before apex of anterior basal cell;

genitalia Fig. 23 : F . : 2 modesta sp. n.

Origin of that stem on the apex of the cell . : Seika 5.

Labial lobes with two terminal cones; large blackish species; genitalia Fig. 12

maxima sp. 0.

Labial lobes with at least four terminal cones : : : : : 5 6.

Wing at least three millimetres long; dark species; genitalia Fig. 19 —veducta sp. n

Wing much shorter; pale brown species; genitalia Fig. 79 . ‘ plumosa sp. n

Small white species with head and base of antennae dusky; last antennal

segment pyriform; subgenital plate of 2 without large internal lobes albida sp. n.

Not all the above characters together, large species é : : 8.

Whitish species with pale integument; genitalia Rage: 38 and 40 . undulata sp. n.

Darker species 9.

13th antennal segment with long neck; a sensory € cone on segment 15; genitalia

Figs. 44 and 460". amphorica sp. n.

13th segment with short neck; no sensory cone on ‘segment 15; genitalia

Figs. 49 and 52 . bilobata sp. n.

Antennae I 5-segmented, the 14th sometimes represented only by arudiment : 569 te

Antennae 14-segmented; no rudiment of segment between the last two. ‘ 15.

All the last antennal segments well separated from each other : : é 12.

Some of the last segments united together . : ‘ : ; 13.

Large blackish brown species; genitalia Fig. 28. : 5 pseudomaxima sp.n.

Medium size species; genitalia Figs. 32 and 35 : deviata sp. n.

The last two segments ‘united ; ascoids with three anterior branches; wing forks

complete at the base . savatiensis Edw.

The last two segments separated: ascoids with only one anterior branch; forks

incomplete at the base F I4.

Wing forks complete at the base; ascoids with two short anterior branches

alteynata Say.

These forks incomplete at the base; ascoids with only one long anterior branch

nana Tonn,

13th segment elongate, ovoid, well separated from the 14th; ascoids with only

one anterior branch : ; c 5 ; ingvamt Tonn.

13th segment subspherical, united to the 14th a 5 5 : 2 é 16.

PSYCHODIDAE 41

16. Origin of stem of anterior fork placed before apex of anterior basal cell; genitalia

Fig. 74 : ‘ : ; : ; latipennis sp. n.

Origin of stem at or after the apex of this cell ; ; i : 17.

17. Origin of stem at apex of cell; genitalia Figs. 63 and 66 ; ; dentata sp. n.

Origin of stem past apex of cell; genitalia Fig. 70 : ; : . acuta sp. 0.

Psychoda maxima sp. n.

A large, uniformly dark brown species.

d. Integument of body and appendages brown, somewhat paler on the

sides of the thorax; vestiture uniformly blackish brown, fairly dense on the

thorax and abdomen.

Psychoda maxima sp.n. Figs. 8 to 13.

(8) tip of antenna; (9) palpi; (10) labial lobe; (11) wing; (12) aedeagus

and forceps from above; (13) cercopod, same scale as Fig. 12.

Eye-bridges separated by the width of two facets. Antennae 16-segmented,

Ist segment 1} times as long as wide, 3rd elongate, amphora-shaped, 13th with

a diminutive neck and a conical sensorium on one side, the last three small,

well separated from each other, and from the 13th, the r4th and 15th as long

as wide, subequal to each other, the 16th somewhat smaller and a shade longer

than wide (Fig. 8). Ascoids in pairs on segments 3 to 13 and of the usual

Y type.

42 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Palpi (Fig. 9) thin and long, formula: 10o-12-5—10-14'5. Lobe of the labium

(Fig. 10) with only two distal cones and a series of three setae on one side.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 11), two calli at the base of costa, origin of the

stem of R2+3 placed before the apex of the basal cell, posterior fork nearer to

this cell than to the posterior fork. Vestiture uniformly dark brown without

any tuft, erect hairs present on the whole length of all the veins except on

R5 and M4, longer on the base of Cw.

Hypopygium (Figs. 12-13). Sternite arcuate and fairly developed, coxites

about twice as long as wide, not bulging on the side, styles half as long again,

almost straight, elongate-conical, their distal two-thirds with numerous sensory

setulae, parameres large, in shape of mittens with the thumb inwards, penis

symmetrical with its sides thickened which at first sight appear to be inde-

pendent but are in reality connected by a membrane; gth tergite wider than

long, with one large pseudo-spiracular opening near the posterior border;

cercopod half as long again, forficulate, its incrassate basal part extending to

its middle, its distal shaft gradually tapering to the tip which carries one long

retinaculum turned completely inward so that the tips of the two can meet.

Wing length 4-2 mm.

RUWENzORI: Namwamba Valley, 10,200 ft., type g, and 13-14,000 ft.,

paratype 3.

Psychoda reducta sp. n.

A medium-sized, completely dark species.

9. Integument brown, thoracic pleurae somewhat ochraceous, vestiture

of body and appendages uniformly brown.

Eye-bridges separated by a distance equal to the width of four facets.

Antennae 16-segmented, the Ist segment about half as long as wide, 3rd elon-

gate (Fig. 14), amphora-shaped with its base obconical, neck of median segments

longer than the bulb, 13th without neck and with one sensory cone, last three

segments well separated from each other, gradually diminishing in size, the

15th with two sensory cones (Fig. 15). Ascoids in pairs on segments 3 to 13,

and of the usual Y type.

Palpi (Fig. 16) with the first three segments subequal, the last one thinner

and half as long again. Lobes of the labium (Fig. 17) with two long lateral

setae, 3-4 terminal cones and one much below on its disc.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 18) very much like that of Ps. maxima, distance

between the two forks greater by one-half than that between the posterior fork

and the apex of the basal cell; second callus on the base of the costa present.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 19) longer than wide, its distal part constricted at the

base and ending in two well-marked lobes; internal sensory organ elongate

claviform and with two terminal sensory setae. Ovipositor at least twice as

long as the subgenital plate, curved upwards and pointed.

PSYCHODIDAE 43

Wing length 3 mm.

Ruwenzor1: Namwamba Valley, 8300 ft., 1 2 (type).

The specimen may be a female of Ps. maxima; the antennae, palpi and

wing correspond, but the labium does not in the slightest; however the specific

characters exhibited by that organ may not be at all reliable. They have been

Psychoda veducta sp.n. TVigs. 14 to-19.

(14) base of antenna; (15) tip of antenna; (16) palpi; (17) labial lobe;

(18) wing; (19) subgenital plate of 9.

but recently introduced in the taxonomy of the genus by Del Rosario and have

not been investigated extensively enough to be sure that a sexual dimorphism

does not exist here in some cases. If this specimen is a female of Ps. maxima

its smaller size (3 mm. versus 4:2 mm.) is puzzling; I think that without

exception, at least in a definite locality, the females in this genus are at least

equal in size to the males and in most cases they are larger.

Psychoda modesta sp. n.

A small species with integument and vestiture uniformly ochraceous brown.

2. Eye-bridges almost contiguous. Antennae 16-segmented, 3rd segment

amphora-shaped (Fig. 20a) but not specially elongate, the following ones with

the neck as long as the basal bulb (Fig. 206), 13th with the trace of a neck and

with a sensory cone, last three diminutive, well separated from each other,

44 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

spherical and gradually diminishing in size to the last, the 15th with a lateral

sensory cone (Fig. 21). Ascoids Y-shaped, present in pairs on segments 3 to 13.

Palpi and labial lobes not studied.

Wing ovate-lanceolate, two basal costal calli, origin of stem of anterior

fork before apex of basal cell, this one distinctly longer than the posterior basal

Psychoda modesta sp. n. Figs. 20A to 23.

(20a) third segment of antenna; (20B) median segment, only one ascoid shown;

(21) tip of antenna; (22) wing; (23) subgenital plate of 9.

cell. Posterior fork nearer the anterior one than to the basal cell. Erect hairs

rubbed off.

Subgenital plate with a strong constriction at the base of the terminal lobes

which are well separated; two semicircular lobes on the underside of the plate

and between them the median internal cylindrical sensory organ. Ovipositor

normal, pointed.

Wing length 2:25 mm.

RUWENZORI: Bwamba Pass (west side) 5500-7500 ft., 1 2 (type).

Psychoda pseudomaxima sp. n.

A large, completely blackish-brown species.

9. Integument brown, the front femora paler brown, thoracic pleurae

ochraceous; vestiture uniformly brown with greyish reflections in certain

lights.

Eye-bridges separated by a distance equal to the width of the bridge itself.

Antennae 15-segmented, Ist segment somewhat longer than broad, 3rd amphora-

shaped but not elongate (Fig. 24), the median segments rather fusiform with

their neck of about half the size of the basal bulb on the distal end of which

there is a conspicuous circular ridge, the 13th without neck, 14th and 15th

diminutive (Fig. 25), the former spherical, the latter distinctly larger and ovoid,

PSYCHODIDAE 45

Ascoids small, very little distinct, of the usual Y type, sometimes in pairs,

sometimes single on segments 3 to 13.

Palpi formula: 5—10-12-15. Lobe of the labium (lig. 26) with 8 sensory

cones 6 of which only are distal, and with two long setae.

Wing ovate lanceolate (lig. 27) costa with only one callus at the base,

origin of the stem of R2R3 well past the apex of the anterior basal cell, posterior

fork at the first third of the distance between the basal cell and the anterior

fork. Vestiture uniform, without tuft, the rows of erect hairs as usual but

longer on the base of Cw.

Psychoda pseudomaxima sp. n. Figs. 24 to 29.

(24) base of antenna; (25) tip of antenna; (26) labial lobe; (27) wing;

(28) subgenital plate of 2; (29) ovipositor.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 28) wider than long, its distal half tapering but with-

out the usual well-separated terminal lobes, median sensory organ of a similar

type as that of Ps. lucifuga, not rod shaped, provided with a number of papillae;

ovipositor short (Fig. 29), pointed, barely longer than the subgenital plate.

Wing length 3-9 mm. in holotype and 4-3 in paratype.

Ruwenzor1: Namwamba Valley, 13-14,000 ft., type 2, and 10,200 ft.,

paratype 9.

This species comes very near Ps. maxima, its habitus and size are the same

and the fact that the material at hand of Ps. maxima consists of two males,

and that of Ps. pseudomaxima of two females from the same locality, made

me at first consider that the specimens might belong to the same species.

However the morphological differences, pointed out in the key, are too

marked to allow one to entertain that opinion very long.

46 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Psychoda deviata sp. n.

A medium-sized, completely black species.

3. Distance between the eye-bridges distinctly greater than the width

of the bridges (5-3°5). Antennae 15-segmented,; first segment as long as wide,

3rd similar to the following ones, the basal bulb oval, the neck of equal length,

a crease at the base of the neck, 13th ovoid, the last two diminutive, the 14th

spherical, the 15th ovoid and a little bigger than the 14th (Fig. 30); ascoids of

the usual Y type, in pairs on segments 3 to 13.

Psychoda deviata sp. n. Figs. 30 to 35.

(30) tip of antenna of g; (31) wing; (32) forceps from above; (33) 9th tergite

and cercopod, same scale as Fig. 32; (34) tip of antenna of 9; (35) subgenital

plate of 9.

Palpi with the first segment half as long as the second, second and third

subequal, fourth a little longer. Lobe of labium very similar to that of

Ps. pseudomaxima with 3-4 terminal sensory cones, 1 lateral cone, and 2 long

setae.

Wing lanceolate (Fig. 31) only one callus at base of costa, origin of stem of

anterior fork well beyond apex of anterior basal cell, posterior fork nearer to

this cell than to anterior fork. Vestiture uniform, without tufts; rows of erect

hairs present on all the veins, extending on the whole length of Rz but only up

to the middle of the wing on the other veins.

Hypopygium (Figs. 32-33): 9th sternite rather wide with rounded lateral

corners; coxites rounded outside, a little longer than wide; styles longer by one

PSYCHODIDAE 47

half, incrassate at the base, gradually tapering to a rather blunt tip. Cercopod

not longer than the gth tergite, elongate oval and ending in a tuft of numerous

short curved setae replacing the usual retinacula; gth tergite with only one

large pseudospiracle.

Wing length 2:1 mm.

Q. Similar to male, the antennae shorter, 13th and 15th segments more

spherical (Fig. 34). Subgenital plate (Fig. 35), wider than long, its distal third

narrow with straight sides and ending in two widely separated small lobes,

internal sensory organ ovoid and with a number of sensory pits. Ovipositor

pointed and short, only half as long again as the subgenital plate.

RUWENZORI: Bwamba Pass (West side) 5500-7500 ft., 2 ¢ (including type),

I ° (allotype).

This species is obviously related to Ps. pseudomaxima although the general

habitus does not suggest a very close relationship. The structure of the antennae

is fundamentally the same and so is the wing venation on account of the absence

of the second costal callus and the position of the base of the stem of the

anterior fork.

Psychoda undulata sp. n.

A whitish species with pale integument; some distinct dark markings on

the distal half of the wing only. Vestiture white with a yellowish tinge, especi-

ally on the legs; integument of thorax and abdomen ochraceous yellow, that

of the abdomen brown.

3g. Eye-bridges almost contiguous. Antennae 16-segmented; Ist segment

almost twice as long as wide, 3rd not distinctly elongate or amphora-shaped,

median segments with the neck as long as the basal bulb, 13th with the neck half

as long only and with one long disto-lateral projection ending in a sensory

cone. Last three segments diminutive, 14th and 15h united, 15th with a pro-

jection similar to that of the 13th, 16th pyriform (lig. 36). Ascoids Y-shaped,

in pairs on segments 3 to 13.

Palpi not studied.

Wing ovate (Fig. 37), otherwise venation very similar to that of Ps. am-

phorica, the difference being in the posterior basal cell which is almost equal in

length to the anterior one instead of being distinctly shorter. Vestiture whitish,

the erect hair rows reaching the tips of all the veins, completely absent on R5

and M4; at the base of the wing there is a very inconspicuous small dark tuft

on the base of 5 and on the costal callus. Beyond the middle of the wing

there is a darkish transverse fascia broadly interrupted in the middle and ex-

tending on the anterior and posterior margins, it has the appearance of two

distinct dark fasciae, one near the anterior and the other near the posterior

48 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

margin; there is also a smaller dark patch between the latter and the tip of the

wing which also exhibits a small dark dot; these two markings do not extend

on the fringe.

Legs yellowish.

Hypopygium (Figs. 38-39): gth sternite well developed, coxites nearly

three times as wide, styles a little longer, undulated, incrassate at the base and

Psychoda undulata sp. n. Figs. 36 to 40.

(36) tip of antenna; (37) wing; (38) aedeagus and forceps from above;

(39) 9th tergite and cercopod, same scale as Fig. 38; (40) subgenital plate of

©, inside view.

with numerous setulae; penis simple, two long parameres in shape of horns;

cerci not quite twice as long as the gth tergite, incrassate at base but not bulbous,

nor forficulate, gradually tapering towards the extremity which carries a fairly

long and thin retinaculum.

Wing length 3-13 mm.

2 similar to male; subgenital plate (Fig. 40) decidedly longer than wide

with two large pubescent basal lobes below (internal face), median sensory organ

elongate and cylindrical; ovipositor normal.

S.W. UcanpDa: Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 ft., 3 3 (incl. type), I 9.

PSYCHODIDAE 49

Psychoda amphorica sp. n.

A rather large greyish-white species with dark markings on the wing.

3g. Integument of body and appendages brownish.

Eye-bridges contiguous. Antennae 16-segmented, the first segment ob-

conical, more than 1} times as long as wide, 3rd elongate amphora-shaped

(Fig. 41), median segments with neck longer than basal bulb, 13th with a neck

about half as long as the bulb, the latter with a long lateral process carrying a

terminal sensory cone, 14th and 15th segments united, the 15th with a lateral

process ending a sensory cone, 16th segment well separated from the others,

eae

—,

aad ane

“*

Psychoda amphorica sp. n. Figs. 41 to 46.

(41) base of antenna; (42) tip of antenna; (43) wing; (44) aedeagus and

forceps from above; (45) cercopod, same scale; (46) subgenital plate of ¢

; inside view.

ovoid, distinctly smaller than the preceding ones (Fig. 42). Ascoids of the usual

Y type with very elongate branches in pairs on segments 3 to 13.

Palpi and labium lobes not studied.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 43), base of costa with two calli, origin of stem

of anterior fork placed on apex of anterior basal cell, distance between the forks

longer by one-half than that between the posterior fork and apex of basal cell.

Vestiture: ground colour greyish-white, pale brown fasciae distributed as

follows, one across the base between the level of apex of basal cell and posterior

fork, this fascia extending on the anterior and posterior fringes, a second

50 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

transverse fascia widely interrupted in the middle past the middle of the wing

at the level of the anterior fork, this fascia is wider on M3 and it extends on

both fringes, a third small sub-apical fascia also interrupted in the middle and

extending on both fringes and finally a small dark patch just at the apex of the

wing. These dark markings are not very conspicuous in this sex and when the

wing vestiture is not in perfect condition, they may appear like three pairs of

more or less extensive darkish patches on both margins of the wing. Rows of

erect hairs on the whole length of the veins except on R5 and M4 where they

are completely missing.

The legs are not marked, they appear rather dark on account of the colour

of the integument.

Hypopygium (Figs. 44-45). gth sternite in shape of a narrow band, coxites

about twice as long as wide, rounded on the outside, styles almost twice as long,

falcate, slightly incrassate at the base which does not carry ordinary hairs,

numerous sensory setae on their whole length. Aedeagus symmetrical, para-

meres large, their apex blunt and provided with a small triangular projection

on the outside. Cercopods 1} times as long as the oth tergite, incrassate at the

base but not bulbous, then gradually tapering towards the tip which carries

one retinaculum one-third as long as the cercopod itself.

Wing length 3-1 mm.

Q. Similar to male, dark markings of wing much more conspicuous. Sub-

genital plate (Fig. 46) wider than long, ending in two well-defined lobes separ-

ated by a semicircular identation; on the underside two large hairy lobes on

each side of the median sensory organ which is cylindrical and carries two setulae

at the tip.

RUWENZORI: Namwamba Valley, 8300-10,200 ft., 3 ¢ (incl. type), I &.

Psychoda bilobata sp. n.

A relatively large ochraceous-brown species with indistinct darker markings

on the wings arranged as in Ps. undulata.

3g. Eye-bridges separated by a distance equal to three facets. Antennae

16-segmented, the first 1} times as long as wide, 3rd elongate amphora-shaped,

somewhat longer than the 4th, median segments with the neck a little longer

than the bulb, 13th with a very small neck and a small lateral process carrying

a sensory cone, 14th and 15th united, only a shallow constriction between them,

16th smaller and olive-shaped. Ascoids of the usual Y type.

Palpi and labium not studied.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 48), origin of stem of anterior fork on apex of

basal cell, posterior fork nearer to apex of cell than to anterior cell. Vestiture

brownish; erect hairs somewhat longer than usual, their rows reaching the tip

PSYCHODIDAE 51

of veins, absent on k5 and M4. Beyond middle of wing is a darker, rather indis-

tinct pair of spots, one near the anterior the other near the posterior border, the

latter just below the former; on the posterior border there is another smaller

dark spot between the one just mentioned and the tip of the wing.

Legs brownish, without markings.

Psychoda bilobata sp. n. Figs. 47 to 52.

(47) tip of antenna of ¢; (48) wing; (49) aedeagus and forceps from below;

(50) cercopod at same scale; (51) tip of the antenna of 2; (52) subgenital plate

of 9, inside view.

Hypopygium (igs. 44-50): coxites about twice as long as wide, rounded on

the side, styles a little longer, regularly curved, only a little incrassate at the

base; penis composed of two straight contiguous pieces, parameres well deve-

loped, with a blunt tip. Cercopods not longer than the oth tergite, forficulate

and conspicuously incrassate at the base but not bulbous there, its apex

eurved inwards and carrying a thin long retinaculum which meets that of the

other cercopod,

i, 4b

52 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wing length 3-3 mm.

9. Similar to male, the 13th antennal segment with practically no neck

and with a very little developed lateral projection without cone, 14th and 15th

segments relatively smaller (Fig. 51). Subgenital plate (Fig. 52) wider than

long with two conspicuous lobes underneath between which the median cylin-

drical sensory organ is inserted.

RUWENZORI: Namwamba Valley, 13-14,000 ft., I ¢ (type), I @.

Psychoda albida sp. n.

A medium sized whitish species, the head and basal half of antennae dusky.

Q. Eye-bridges separated by the width of two facets. Antennae 16-seg-

mented, ist segment longer than wide by half, 3rd elongate amphora-shaped

(Fig. 53), the following ones with spherical bulb and neck as long as bulb, the

——

rel!

Psychoda albida sp. n. Figs. 53 to 57.

Gen

(53) base of antenna of 9; (54) tipof antenna; (55) labiallobe; (56) wing;

(57) subgenital plate of 9.

13th with a distinct small thin neck and an antero-lateral process carrying one

sensory cone, 14th and 15th united, the latter with a process carrying two

sensory cones, last segment pyriform (Fig. 54). Ascoids as usual Y-shaped, in

pairs on segments 3 to 13.

Palpi formula: ro—13-11-16. Labial lobes (Fig. 55) with three terminal

and one discal cone and two lateral setae.

Wing lanceolate (lig. 56), two basal costal calli, origin of stem of anterior

fork at apex of basal cell, posterior fork midway between the anterior one and

PSYCHODIDAE 53

the basal cell. The vestiture of the wings is all rubbed off; it may not be uni-

formly whitish since the membrane exhibits a dusky area on R5 at apex of

basal cell and a very faint one near the tip.

Subgenital plate as long as wide (Fig. 57), although it appears rather

elongate, a conspicuous constriction at the base of the lobes, which are well

developed, and an internal median basal strut, which reaches the well-

developed oval internal sensory organ. Ovipositor longer than the plate,

curved and pointed.

Wing-length 2-7 mm.

Ruwenzor1: Namwamba Valley, 8300 ft., 1 9 (type).

Psychoda dentata sp. n.

A medium-sized brown species with uniform brown vestiture.

g. Eye-bridges not contiguous, the distance between them equal to 14

facets. Antennae incomplete at tip (apparently 14-segmented as in the 9)

Psychoda dentata sp.n. Figs. 58 to 67.

(58) third antennal segment; (59) a median segment; (60) tip of antenna;

(61) labial lobe; (62) wing; (63) aedeagus and forceps from above; (64) style;

(65) cercopod, same scale as Fig. 63; (66) subgenital plate of the 9; (67) internal

sensory organ of subgenital plate.

Ist segment a little longer than broad, the 3rd somewhat amphora-shaped

(Fig. 58) with neck as long as basal bulb, following segments with neck dis-

tinctly longer than basal bulb which is spherical (Fig. 59). Ascoids of the Y

type, anterior branches conspicuously elongate.

54 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Palpi with almost equal segments: 8-8-g-10. Lobe of the labium (Fig. 61)

with five distal cones as well as a few fine setulae and two long lateral setae.

Wing lanceolate (Fig. 62), two calli at base of costa, origin of stem of R2R3

at apex of anterior basal cell, this one only a little longer than the posterior

one; posterior fork nearer these cells than to the anterior fork.

Hypopygium (Fig. 63-65). Coxites short and wide, with a bulge on the

outside, style incrassate in the middle, with a fine curved apex and a dent

below it, internal lobes pubescent. Cercopods decidedly longer than the 9th

tergite, with a pronounced basal bulb and a very long thin slightly curved shaft

carrying one terminal retinaculum.

2. Similar to g, same venation and similar labial lobes. The antennae

are 14-segmented, the dimunitve ovoid 14th segment being united to the

preceding one (Fig. 60), ascoids on 3rd to 13th segments of the usual Y type.

Subgenital plate (ig. 66) wider than long, with two small terminal lobes;

median sensory organ triangular (Fig. 67) with four papillae, two of them with

setulae.

Wing length: 4 2-77, 2 2-4 mm.

S.W. UGANDA: in crater of Mt. Muhavura, 13,500 ft. (Ford) on Lobelia

Wollastont, i 3 (type); summit of Mt. Sabinio (ford), 1 9 (allotype).

RUWENZORI: Namwamba valley; under stones by river bed. 1 @ (para-

type).

This species may be fairly widespread in Africa. I have seen a female

from Pretoria in the collection of the Hungarian Museum which has. a similar

subgenital plate with an internal triangular sensory organ (a quite unusual

shape) and 14-segmented antennae of the same type as in Ps. dentata. However,

as no male from that region has been seen I doubtfully refer it to this species.

Psychoda acuta sp. n.

A very small, uniformly greyish-brown species.

3. Coloration of integument brown, vestiture uniformly brownish, more

greyish on the appendages, especially on the legs.

Eye-bridges separated by a distance almost equal to the width of the

bridges. Antennae 14-segmented, Ist not longer than wide, 3rd similar in

shape to the following ones but neck somewhat shorter than basal bulb, median

segments with neck a little longer than bulb; last two segments united together

(Fig. 68), 14th small, olive-shaped. Ascoids Y-shaped, in pairs on segments

3 to 13.

The four segments of the palpi subequal to each other, first somewhat

thinner than the others. Labial lobes with four terminal cones and two lateral

setae.

PSYCHODIDAE 55

Wing lanceolate (Fig. 69), two calli at base of costa; origin of stem of R2k3

well beyond apex of basal cell, posterior fork distinctly nearer the anterior

one than to apex of basal cell. Vestiture without tuft; disposition of erect

hairs on veins not ascertainable, they are absent or have been rubbed off.

Hypopygium (Figs. 70-71). Sternite very narrow, with squarish corners;

coxites almost twice as long as wide, with a moderate bulge on the side; style

shorter than the coxite, falcate, pointed, not incrassate at base, with one long

bristle and 4—5 sensory setae on the distal half. Aedeagus composed of two

pieces, a median elongate subtriangular pointed one and another lateral and

Psychoda acuta sp. n. Vigs. 68 to 71.

(68) tip of antenna; (69) wing; (70) aedeagus and forceps from above;

(71) cercopod at same scale.

hook-shaped one, the two internal lobes small and covered with long hairs;

cercopods forficulate, with bulbous base and about three times as long as the

gth tergite; one single long retinaculum about one-quarter the length of the

cercopod.

Wing-length 1-06 mm.

RUWENZORI: Kilembe, 4500 ft. 1 ¢ (type).

On account of the structure of the tip of the antennae and of the hypopygium

this species comes very near Ps. severint Tonn.; it differs from it in the absence

of the rudiment of a segment between the last two segments of the antennae,

the structure of the aedeagus, and the shape of the style which is much more

curved: also in the much smaller size,

56 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Psychoda latipennis sp. n.

A very small, uniformly greyish-white species with rather wide wings.

9. Eye-bridges contiguous. Antennae 14-segmented, 3rd of similar confor-

mation to the following segments, necks of these somewhat shorter than basal

bulb, 13th and 14th united, the constriction between them very much pro-

nounced, 14th very small, spherical (Fig. 72). Ascoids Y-shaped, in pairs on

segments 3 to 13, they are very delicate and could be easily overlooked.

Psychoda latipennis sp. n. Figs. 72 to 75.

(72) tip of antenna; (73) wing; (74) subgenital plate of 9, inside view.

(75) ovipositor.

Palpi and labial lobes not studied.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 73), relatively wide (half as wide as long), two

basal costal calli present, origin of stem of anterior fork well before apex of

anterior basal cell. Posterior fork nearer to anterior fork than to basal cell.

Erect hairs partly rubbed off.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 74) with a bilobed cauda, inferior median sense organ

subconical; ovipositor normal (Fig. 75), curved and pointed.

Wing-length 1-61 mm.

RUWENZORI: Kilembe, 4500 ft. 1 2 (type).

Psychoda plumosa sp. n.

A very small species with uniform brownish-ochraceous vestiture.

9. Distance between the eye-bridges equal to 14 facets. Antennae

16-segmented, Ist segment a little longer than wide, 3rd with spherical basal

bulb, its neck shorter than the bulb, necks of following segments gradually

longer, in the median segments they are as long as the bulb, 13th without neck,

the last three subequal and not united to each other (Fig. 76). Ascoids of the

usual Y type, present in pairs on segments 4 to 13.

Palpi with the first three segments subequal to each other, the fourth by

one-quarter longer and a little thinner. Lobes of the labium (Fig. 77) with four

or six terminal cones and two long lateral setae. aay

PSYCHODIDAE 57

Wing lanceolate (Fig. 78), two calli at base of costa, origin of stem of anterior

fork on apex of anterior basal cell, the latter markedly longer than the posterior

one, posterior fork midway between anterior fork and basal cell.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 79) much wider than broad, the two lobes forming a

median cordiform projection, inferior median sensory organ subcylindrical with

Psychoda plumosa sp. n. Figs. 76 to 79.

(76) tip of antenna of 9; (77) labial lobe; (78) wing; (79) subgenital plate

of 2, inside view.

a few apical setulae ; on the internal side of the plate there is on each side of

the base of the median projection a cylindrical process thickly covered with

numerous digitations (no insertion pores at their base), a feature quite unique

in this genus. Ovipositor normal, about twice as long as the plate.

Wing-length 1:59 mm.

RUWENzORI: Kilembe, 4500 ft. in light trap, 1 Q (type).

Psychoda dubitata sp. n.

A fairly large blackish species with wide wings.

$. Integument brown, that of the thorax ochraceous; vestiture uniformly

dark brown.

Eye-bridges wide and contiguous. Antennae (Fig. 80), incomplete, Ist

segment somewhat longer than wide, 2nd small, hemispherical, 3rd and following

ones very elongate amphora-shaped, their necks thin, not as long as the incras-

sate basal part; ascoids with only one anterior branch somewhat twisted at the

base and a smaller posterior one (as in Ps. /uctfuga), in pairs from segment 3 on.

Palpi not examined.

Wings (Fig. 81), ovate-lartceolate, broad, scarcely twice as long as wide.

58 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Origin of stem of R2R3 well beyond apex of anterior basal cell, this one markedly

longer than the posterior one; base of Cu distinctly connected with fork M3M 4.

Posterior fork nearer to basal cell than to anterior fork. Vestiture uniform, no

tuft; rows of erect hairs reaching the tips of veins, present on all of them except

on R5 and M4.

Hypopygium (Figs. 82-83). Coxites not longer than wide, with an interno-

dorsal elongate projection, style elongate, claw-like, gradually tapering and

= \

S 80

Psychoda dubitata sp. n. Figs. 80 to 83.

(80) base of antenna of g; (81) wing; (82) aedeagus and forceps from above;

(83) 9th tergite and cercopod, same scale.

gently curved. Aedeagus mainly composed of two pieces, one very elongate,

thin and sharp and the other half as long and rather blunt; cercopod only a

little longer than the oth tergite, moderately incrassate at the base and carrying

three subequal retinacula at its tip.

Wing-length 3-45 mm.

KeEnyA:. Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., Aberdare Range, 1 ¢ (type).

As the tips of both antennae are missing it is impossible to decide with

absolute certainty the generic position of this species; it is however without

much doubt that I place it in Psychoda and near the group lucifuga Wlk. on

account of the several retinacula on the cercopods and the shape of the ascoids

with only one anterior branch which is twisted in a peculiar fashion at the base.

PSYCHODIDAE 59

Clytocerus Eaton

C. africanus Yonn. was the only African species of this genus known so far;

it is apparently a widely spread species, occurring in South Nigeria, and Eastern

Africa (Katona), Now two additional related species have turned up in

Dr. Edwards’ material. In his new classification of the Psychodidae, Enderlein

has created a new genus Synseoda with S. flavitarsis from Mt. Kilimanjaro, as

the genotype. Although the description is scanty, I think that there can be

no doubt that this species is a Clytocerus, probably either C. africanus or one

of the species obtained by Dr. Edwards.

According to Enderlein, the only character distinguishing Synseoda from

Clytocerus is the shorter anterior basal cell in the former; nothing is said about

the structure of the antennae, they have apparently not been closely investigated

by the author, otherwise he would have seen that those of the male are 15-seg-

mented and possess a peculiar wavy brush on the third segment. This is highly

characteristic of Clytocerus and species presenting this feature could not very

well be separated from the genus. The shortness of the anterior basal cell cannot

be held as a good generic character since the length of this cell varies according

to species. In C. dalet it is not much longer than in most species of Pericoma and

about equal to that of the two African species, yet it is so closely related to the

other two European species that no distinguishing characters can be found in

their genitalia.

Enderlein mentions that Pericoma fenestrata Tonn. (Chile) and Per. bancrofti

Tonn. (Queensland) may belong to this genus Synseoda; this opinion is com-

pletely erroneous and is based only on a superficial examination of the figures

published by me of the venation of these two species.

Clytocerus fasciatus sp. n.

A fairly large species with ochraceous-brown vestiture on the body, wings

with darker brown markings, extensive whitish space in the fringe at the apex,

legs dark with white tarsi.

3. Eye-bridges separated by a very small distance, barely equal to two

facets; two distinct tufts of hairs on the frons. Antennae 15-segmented and of

the usual type in the genus, the first three segments together (lig. 84), about

equal to the rest of the antennae, first 64 times as long as wide, 2nd ovoid about

twice as long as wide, 3rd distinctly composed of two united segments with the

typical wavy tuft of sensory hairs near the apex, the following ones fusiform.

The first three segments with a dense vestiture of scales of the same colour as

that of the body, verticils of the other segments darker.

Palpi about two-thirds as long as the antennae, Ist segment a little over

half of the second, this and the third of equal length, the fourth thin and half

60 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as long again as the third; vestiture somewhat darker than that of the body.

Vesicles on the occiput of the usual shape, rather small and with a fairly large

number of papillae.

Thorax with tufts of very dense short hairs on the anepisternum and hypo-

pleuron.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 85), tip of 4 placed just a little above the

pointed apex; membrane infuscated near the base and on the distal half except

Clytocerus fasciatus sp.n. Figs. 84 to 88.

(84) base of antenna of g; (85) wing; (86) aedeagus and forceps from above;

(87) cercopod and roth sternite, same scale; (88) subgenital plate of the Q.

between the tips of most of the longitudinal veins; R2, M3 and Cu with a dis-

tinct thickening on their middle especially noticeable on Cu. Origin of stem

of anterior fork well before apex of anterior basal cell, at a distance equal to

about twice the width of that cell. Hairs of base of costa, of alula, and rows of

erect hairs on veins ochraceous-brown like those of the body, the others are dark

brown, almost black, and form some small appressed tufts at the tip of most

veins; on the disc there are four small dark tufts; one at the base of the an-

terior fork, the second on the middle of the branches of that fork, the third on

PSYCHODIDAE 61

the middle of 173, and the last on the middle of Cu. Fringe dark except at apex

between tips of R2 and M2, where it is yellowish-white. The rows of erect hairs

are absent on Xr, R5 and M4, they do not extend over the level of the two distal

dark tufts on the other veins.

Legs. Vestiture of the base of the femora of the same colouration as that

of the body, the rest and the tibiae brown; tarsi completely yellowish white.

Hypopygium (igs. 86-87): gth sternite relatively wide with a slight emar-

gination in the middle; coxites not longer than wide, curved outwards, styles

twice as long, rather bulbous at the base, the beak gradually tapering and

slightly curved; aedeagus of rather complicated structure, with four pieces

enclosed in a common capsule. Cercopods shorter than the 9th tergite, latter

with two well-separated pseudospiracular openings, 12 to 13 retinacula, the

more proximal ones being the longest, roth tergite obconical with rounded

apex.

Wing-length 3-3 mm.

9. Similar to the male, antennae 16-segmented, first three segments equal

together to half of the whole antennal length. Subgenital plate (lig. 88)

broader than long, its distal half narrower, constricted at the base, the two lobes

separated only by a very shallow emargination; internal median sensory organ

large and heavily schlerotized.

RUWENzORI: Mt. Karangora, 8—gooo ft., 2 3 (incl. type); Namwamba

Valley, 8300 ft., 3 ¢ 3 @ (incl. allotype 9); Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., 1 9.

Clytocerus africanus Tonnoir

Clytocerus africanus Tonnoir, 1920, Rev. Zool. Afr., 8: 137.

(?) Synseoda flavitaysis Enderlein, 1937, D. Ent. Zeitschr., 1936: 92.

This species has been described in detail except for the genitalia. At my

request Dr. Edwards has been kind enough to mount and draw the hypopygium

of the type male, and to compare the specimen carefully with males of the

species described below as C. carbonarius sp. n. He reports that africanus is

markedly smaller (wing-length 2-2 mm. as against 3-5-4 mm.) and also appears

to have relatively shorter antennal segments; the short scaly pile on the front

of the mesonotum appears to be less dense, though this may be due to the fact

that the type of africanus is somewhat rubbed. The hypopygia show very

slight differences of somewhat doubtful specific value; the most obvious of

these differences is that the pointed appendages of the aedeagus are somewhat

more slender and less bent at the tips in the type of africanus (Fig. g1A) than

in the specimen of carbonarius examined (Fig. 91).

Both africanus and carbonarius are much darker than the new species

described above as fasciatus, with the vestiture mainly black and the wing-

fringe not so extensively pale at apex.

62 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Clytocerus carbonarius sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding species but much larger.

3g. The vestiture on the body and legs except for the white tarsi is com-

pletely brownish black; hairs on the anterior part of the thorax dense, short,

forming a velvety pile extending on the anepisterna.

Antennal flagellum pale, the structure of the antennae exactly as in

C. fasciatus. Occipital vesicles as shown in Fig. go.

The disposition of the discal tufts on the wings is also quite as in C. fasciatus,

but the vestiture is here completely dark with the exception of the fringe, which

2) ess

s (

Yih

G QIA

Clytocerus carbonarius sp. n. Figs. 90 to 93.

(90) occipital vesicle; (91) aedeagus, coxite and style; (92) 9th tergite and one

~~ cercopod from below; (93) subgenital plate of 9.

C. africanus Tonn. (type 3). Figs. 91a, 92a. (91a) aedeagus, coxites and styles ;

(92a) cercopods.

is ochraceous from the tip of R3 to a little past the tip of M2. Venation as in

C. fasciatus.

Hypopygium (Figs. 91-92): style with the distal part thinner than in

C. fasciatus, its tip turned downwards; aedeagus also with four pieces but of

different shape; tenth tergite subspherical.

Wing-length 3-5-4 mm.

©. Similar to male; the first three antennal segments together distinctly

shorter than the rest of the antenna. Subgenital plate as shown in Fig. 93;

its median internal organ large and with a group of papillae on each side.

PSYCHODIDAE 63

RUWENZORI: Namwamba Valley, 8300 ft., 5 g 1 @ (incl. type ).

This species comes exceedingly near C. africanus Tonn., but is larger

(3 instead of 2 mm.) and has the wing tip ochraceous instead of white.

It is possible that this is either a large form of C. a/vicanus or Enderlein’s

S. flavitarsis; according to measurements given by that author (wing-length

of 3 25-3 mm.), /lavilarsis is intermediate in size between africanus and

carbonarius.

Telmatoscopus albipunctatus (Williston)

This species is represented in the collection of Dr. Edwards by one male

from Kilembe, 4500 {t. It is now known all over the world except for

the temperate part of the palaearctic and nearctic regions and from the Aus-

tralasian sub-region. Its region of origin is certainly the Ethiopian, wherefrom

another very similar species, 7. fuscipennis Tonn, is known.

Enderlein has recently (1936) erected the genus Clogmia to receive these two

species, albipunctatus being indicated as the genotype—a lapsus calami made

him write albipennis Willist. To my mind this genus has no value what-

soever; it cannot even be accepted as a subgenus.

The main generic characters given by Enderlein are: stem of anterior fork

much shorter than Rk2; 5 at tip of wing; base of Cw missing; anterior fork

more distal than the posterior one or above it; scales at the base of the wing.

All these characters except perhaps the first one are shared by many groups

and have no generic value; even the position of &5 at the tip of the wing is in

some species found in one sex and not in the other.

As regards the first character: “stem of anterior fork much shorter than

k2,” it may apply to albipunctatus but not to fusctpennis in which the forks are

at the same level and in which the stem is only somewhat shorter than K2,

just as in 7. morulus (Eat.), the genotype of Tel/matoscopus.

Telm. squamifer Tonn. from Egypt is considered by Enderlein as a species

of Lelmatoscopus, yet R5 ends at the tip of the wing and except for the somewhat

longer stem of the anterior fork than in T. fuscipennis there is no reason why

enderlein should not have included it in his genus Clogmia.

Telmatoscopus pallidus (Tonnoir)

Psychoda pallida Yonnoir, 1922, Bull. Soc. ent. Egypt, 1922: 95.

This species was placed by me in Pyschoda because at that time | had a less

clear idea of the limits of that genus than I have now.

Since the last three segments of the 16-segmented antennae of Ps. pallida

species are neither diminutive nor united to each other, and the flagellar

64 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

segments, though not decidedly bulbous nor eccentric at the base, have a

distinct distal neck, I feel justified in placing it in the genus Telmatoscopus. —

Its hypopygium is of the same type as that of the genotype T. morulus

(Eat.) which also has the long coxites and styles and a symmetrical simple

aedeagus.

This species was not included in the Ruwenzori material.

Telmatoscopus edwardsi sp. n.

A medium-sized, completely brown species.

g. Eye-bridges almost touching. Antennae half as long again as the

width of the wing, 16-segmented, Ist segment subcylindrical, almost twice

as long as wide, 2nd spherical, 3rd similar to the following ones but its neck

just a little shorter, median segments typical of the genus (Fig. 94), with a bulge

Telmatoscopus edwardsi sp. n. Figs. 94 to 99.

(94) a median segment of antenna; (95) tip of antenna; (96) wing; (97)

aedeagus, coxite and style; (98) cercopod, same scale; (99) toth sternite.

on one side on which are inserted the two long spiraloid ascoids which are

present on segments 3 to 16; last antennal segments more elongate, the 16th

with a long bulb-shaped apiculus (Fig. 95); the verticils are thick and bell-

shaped.

PSYCHODIDAE 65

Palpi not examined.

Vestiture of thorax long and shaggy all over the mesonotum.

Wing ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 96) but its apex rounded; origin of stem of

anterior fork well before apex of anterior basal cell, which is much longer than

the posterior one; anterior fork beyond middle of wing, posterior fork half-way

between the anterior one and the basal cell; apex of wing between the tips of

R4 and R5. Vestiture uniformly brown including the whole of the fringe;

on the disc there is a rather indistinct dark tuft on the anterior fork and a darker

patch formed by appressed hairs at the tip of Cw; the rows of erect hairs, missing

on Rr, R5 and M4, do not reach over a line going from the anterior fork and the

tip of Cu.

Legs completely brown.

Hypopygium (Figs. 97-99). Coxite about twice as long as wide, style

longer, gradually tapering, gently curved and with a distinct sensory seta at

its apex. Aedeagus symmetrical, as shown in Fig. 97 (penis broken.) Cercopods

about twice as long as the oth tergite, gradually tapering and carrying at the

apex a group of about ro retinacula of various lengths, the tips of which are

split into about 6 spinulae; the two pseudospiracles are contiguous.

Wing-length 3-8 mm.

RUWENzORI: Namwamba Valley, 10,200 ft., 1 g (type).

Telmatoscopus fuscus sp. n.

A rather small, completely brown species with somewhat indistinct darker

transverse fasciae on the wings.

36. Eye-bridges almost touching. Antennae (Fig. 100) incomplete, rst

segment not quite twice as long as wide, second spherical, both relatively smaller

than usual compared to those of the flagellum, 3rd shorter than the following

ones which are eccentric and with the neck as long as the bulb. Ascoids in pairs,

very large, fan-shaped with numerous branches (Fig. ror).

Palpi not studied.

Integument of the thorax ochraceous, paler than the vestiture.

Wings lanceolate (Fig. 102), fairly pointed at apex where R5 ends; Rs of

the pectinated type; anterior fork well before the posterior one which is placed

before the tip of Cu, Sc ending in Kz, the two basal cells sub-equal. Vestiture

imeluding that of the fringe uniformly brown, rows of erect hairs absent on Rr,

R5 and M4, not reaching over level of tip of Rz on the other veins, and on Cu

stopping distinctly before the tip of that vein; the appressed divaricate hairs

on the veins beyond the rows of erect hairs are denser than elsewhere and thus

form some darker fasciae across the wing from the level of the tip of Rr.

Hypopygium (Figs. 103-104): Style short, not longer than the coxite, with

66 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

rounded blunt tip which carries two fairly strong curved sensory setae and a

number of smaller ones, aedeagus asymmetrical, thick. 9th tergite very short,

pseudo-spiracles contiguous. Cercopods of unusual shape, elbowed downwards

Telmatoscopus fuscus sp. n. Figs. 100 to 105.

100) base of antenna; (101) one segment of flagellum, only one ascoid shown;

102) wing; (103) aedeagus and forceps from above; (104) hypopygium from

side; (105) cercopod from inside.

in their middle, the distal end gently club-shaped, no retinacula at apex but a

few sensory setae on the internal side and a row of four round tufts.

Wing-length 2:5 mm.

RUWENzORI: Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., I 3 (type).

Telmatoscopus pectinatus sp. n.

A medium-sized, uniformly brown species, wing without markings or darker

tufts.

2. Eyes separated by a distance equal to the bridge itself. Antennae

16-segmented, Ist segment about as long as wide, 3rd fusiform, short, equal] to

about half of the following segment (Fig. 106), its verticil very small, 4th to

PSYCHODIDAE 67

14th segments with long neck and a pair of fairly long, straight ascoids, 15th

ovoid, without neck but with subterminal sensory cone, 16th oval, with short

apiculus, these last two segments distinctly smaller than the others (lig. 107).

Palpi not studied.

Wings lanceolate (Fig. 108), rather elongate, and with sharp apex, Sc

ending in Rr, Rs of the pectinate type, anterior fork very near the base, posterior

fork before the middle and before the tip of Cw, anterior basal cell not very much

longer than the posterior one. Vestiture uniformly brown, rows of erect hairs

missing on Rr, R5 and M4, extending almost to the end of the other veins.

108

107

Telmatoscopus pectinatus sp.n. Figs. 106 to 109

(106) base of antenna; (107) tip of antenna; (108) wing; (109) sub-

genital plate of 9.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 109) almost as long as wide, its two terminal lobes

separated by a very small indentation.

Wing-length 3 mm.

RUWENZORI: Namwamba Valley, 10,200 ft., 1 9 (type).

On account of the structure of the tip of the antennae and its venation this

species is rather closely related to T. revisendus (Eat.) which has been designated

by Enderlein as the genotype of his new genus Mormia; I propose to consider

this genus only as a subgenus of Telmatoscopus.

T. pectinatus agrees with the genotype of Mormia in having a somewhat

reduced third antennal segment and a 15th segment devoid of neck, but its

I, 4c

68 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

venation differs in the position of the anterior fork which is very near the base

of the wing and consequently much before the level of the posterior fork; the

contrary is the case in 7. advenus, and this relative position of the forks has

been chosen by Enderlein as the main generic character.

I cannot see my way yet to placing this species in Mormia until the male

has been obtained and its antennae are shown to be provided with the char-

acteristic port-hole organs on most of the basal segments of the flagellum.

T. pectinatus would appear to be related to T. fuscus here described, but

there is no doubt that it cannot be the other sex of that species although the

venation is almost identical; the structure of the base of the antennae seems to

preclude it altogether (the tips are missing in 7. fuscus) and also the much

longer rows of erect hairs on the veins.

Telmatoscopus crassiascoidatus sp. n.

A small brownish species with darker tufts on the wings.

Q. Eye-bridges narrow, ending in points which are widely separated

(Fig. 110). Antennae 15-segmented, 13 and 14 united, 15 sub-spherical with a

short terminal apiculus (Fig. 111), Ist segment sub-cylindrical, about half as

(aaa

(eres

Telmatoscopus crassiascoidatus sp.n. Figs. 110 to 113.

(110) head of 2; (111) tip of the antenna; (112) wing; (113) subgenital plate.

long again as wide; basal segments of flagellum fusiform but with distinct distal

neck, the following ones with sub-spherical bulbs and necks about half as long.

Ascoids on segments 4 to 13 in pairs, bulbous, with a lateral beak, the beaks of a

pair turned towards each other; the whole antenna half as long again as the

width of wing.

PSYCHODIDAE 69

Palpi with the first segment small, only a little longer than wide; the

other almost equal to each other.

Integument of body and appendages very dark, almost black; vestiture

of body ochraceous-brown. Legs of uniform dark colouration although in

certain lights the vestiture may appear ochraceous.

Wing lanceolate (Fig. 112), narrow, very pointed at apex where /’5 ends.

Sc ending in Rz, Rs pectinate, origin of stem of the anterior fork well beyond

apex of basal cell; posterior basal cell only a little shorter than the anterior

one; anterior fork well before the posterior one, latter before tip of Cw. Vesti-

ture ochraceous-brown and black; the erect hairs on the basal and median

regions of the disc are ochraceous, the darker erect hairs in between forming a

conspicuous dark fascia; after the rows of erect hairs, the divaricate dense

appressed hairs of the disc also form two conspicuous dark fasciae, the posterior

one being somewhat more distal than the anterior one; fringe completely dark.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 113), about as long as wide, the terminal lobes little

developed. Ovipositor normal, curved and pointed, but not much longer

than the subgenital plate.

Wing-length I-61 mm.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, 12—13,000 ft., on Lobelia elgonensis, I 9 (type).

Brunettia Annandale

Enderlein has recently erected the new genus Setomima for one African species

S. lithocolleta (1936) from North Cameron. This species, which is described

only from colouration and a few points of venation, comes very near my

B. grahami (1920) from Ashanti; it may indeed be the same species. Enderlein

places B. grahami Tonn., B. splendens Tonn., and B. pectinata Yonn., in the genus

Parabrunettia Brun. because in these species the anterior fork is more basal than

the posterior one, yet he is not sure of the position of that fork in S. /ithocolleta

since he says in his diagnosis of the genus Setomima: “ R2-+3 Gabelpunkt tiber

dem Mr-+-2 Gabelpunkt (vielleicht ein Spur grundwarts, die sichere Festellung

ist durch die Beschuppung behindert.)” It is a pity he has not removed the

scales of that part of the wing to make sure of the point; he might have found

that the position of this anterior fork is the same in S. /ithocolleta as in the other

three species just mentioned and if it is nearly above the posterior one in his

species it is because this posterior fork is nearer the base of the wing; the posi-

tion of that fork varies according to species in this group. The character on

which his genus Sefomima is based is therefore one which has only a specific

value.

I do not pretend that there is no ground for separating the African species

of Brunettia from the Indian ones, but it should not be done on such a trifling

character; the antennae and the genitalia afford some much better ones, but

70 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as these characters are only evident in the males the grouping should only be

of sub-generic order. Since the Indian species of Brunettia remain as yet 1m-

perfectly known, I shall for the present refrain from making any subdivisions

except as regards the species with the wing membrane covered with hairs

instead of broad imbricated scales. Two of these are dealt with in this paper:

B. albonotata Brun. and B. obscura sp. n.

The first one has B. indica Eaton as a synonym and B. indica has recently

been made the genotype of Parabrunettia Brun. by Enderlein. This is another

instance of Enderlein’s bad luck in designating genotypes since Brunetti had

already selected one (1912, p. 251) which is B. squamipennis (Brun.). This

species has both sides of the wing membrane covered with broad scales and

should therefore remain with Brunettia although it has wings with the tip of A5

ending at their apex; this character has definitely no generic value.

For all the species of this group which have the wing membrane covered

with hairs on both sides (and sometimes with scales at the base below) and with

15 or 16 segmented antennae I propose the new sub-genus Trichobrunettia with

T. albonotata Brun. (= indica Eat.) as subgenotype. I do not see my way to

make it a full genus because there is really no very clear-cut limit between

Brunettia and Trichobrunettia; the amount of broad scales on the wing mem-

brane of some species being sometimes more, sometimes less than that of the

hairs.

The new species B. obscura here described does not fit very well in this new

subgenus on account of the sexual dimorphism in the antenna and the shape of

the wings and also in the structure of the genitalia of the g which is more like

those of Pericoma without the long retinacula with peculiarly shaped tip. Yet

I shall put it for the present in Tvichobrunettia until further material comes to

hand from Africa.

Brunettia splendens Tonnoir

B. splendens Tonnoir, 1920, Rev. Zool. Afr., 8: 140.

This species was described from one male only from Ashanti; I have seen

it since from various parts of the Congo, its distribution must be very wide

since it has now been found by Dr. Edwards on the Ruwenzori where he col-

lected two males only. This gives me an opportunity of making a closer study

of this species since the holotype had not been dissected. I also add the

description of the female which was included in a small series of males collected

in the Belgian Congo by M. J. Ghesquiére.

3g. Eyes reniform, with only a trace of a bridge, the distance between them

equal to one-third of the width of the head. The antennae have already

been figured: they are very remarkable on account of the extraordinary develop-

ment of the ascoids, the basal ones being equal to about half the length of the

PSYCHODIDAE aI

whole antenna, much more sclerotized than usual, and exhibiting a large

number of annular ridges which gives them a segmented appearance.

Palpi as long as the antennae, the first segment equal to one-third of the

second; the last three subequal to each other.

Brunettia splendens Tonn. Figs. 114 to 121

(114) wing of g; (115) part of hypopygium seen from above; (116) hypopygium

seen from the side; (117) tip of clubbed hairs of the cercopods; (118) head of ¥;

(119) median segment of antenna; (120) tip of antenna.

(121) subgenital plate of the 9.

72 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wing-venation as shown in Fig. 114, the anterior fork is exceedingly close

to the base.

Hypopygium (Figs. 116-117): coxites as long as wide, style four times as

long as wide, cylindrical with rounded tip and carrying all along its length fairly

dense elongate narrow scales pointing upwards. Cercopods not longer than the

oth tergite, curved outwards and with a basal prolongation directed down-

wards and outwards, the concave side of the cercopods carry a bundle of about

7 curved retinacula arranged in a single row from the apex and farther down

about 15 long clubbed sensory hairs; aedeagus large, asymmetrical and com-

plicated as shown in Fig. 115.

Wing-length 3 mm.

9. Differs from the male in the structure of the antennae and the coloration

and disposition of the wing markings.

The eyes are wider apart (Fig. 118); the third segment of the antennae is

fusiform and shorter than the following one which is amphora-shaped, the

median ones having a more developed neck, their basal bulb is elongate, not

spherical as in the male (Figs. 119 and 120). Ascoids short almost straight, in

pairs on segments 4 to 14.

Vestiture of thorax greyish-brown, without white markings as in the

male.

Wing-shape and venation exactly as in the male; vestiture formed of dense

brown scales, the metallic scales are silvery without green tinge; they are

rather dense on the basal third of the wing, farther on, past the middle there are

two not very conspicuous fasciae of these scales, one just past the middle of the

disc and one on the anterior border near the tip of R2, from there on towards

the apex and the posterior border there are a number of scattered metallic

scales in no definite order. The costal callus-tuft is composed of long and

numerous brownish-grey hairs and there are similar hairs on the wing in the

vicinity of the basal cells. Fringe with greyish reflections but without any

definite pale parts.

Legs dark, extreme tip of mid and posterior tibiae with narrow white

margin; anterior protarsi with whitish base and apex; distal half of second

segment also white, on the other legs the protarsi with the distal third and the

second segment almost completely white dorsally.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 121), with a narrow curved base, the two lobes forming

a median projection, emargination between the lobes subtriangular, internal

armature strongly developed.

BELGIAN Conco: Eala, xi.1934 (Ghesquiére) in coll. Nat. Hist. Museum,

Brussels, allotype 9.

RUWENzORI; Namwamba Valley, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 2 3.

PSYCHODIDAE 73

Brunettia gloriosa sp. n.

A dark brown species with a few small groups of iridescent bluish scales

on the wings; male with pectinate antennae.

3. Eyes with small, narrow frontal bridges, distance between them equal

to about the quarter of the head, the bridges prolonged towards each other

by a suture. Antennae (Fig. 122) brown, with distal part of rst segment and

whole znd segment ochraceous, nearly as long as width of wing, 16-segmented,

1st about twice as long as wide, this and 2nd with short greyish and brownish

hairs, 3rd spherical, following ones gradually more elongate and with a more

distinct neck, last with a very long apiculus. All segments of flagellum provided

with a pair of very long and strongly sclerotized ascoids, not diametrically

opposed but their points of insertion somewhat approximate on the ventral

side so that they point more or less downwards, 4th segment provided with a

third ascoid pointing downwards (it is present on both antennae and therefore

does not seem to be an abnormality); the ventral side of the flagellar segments

carry also a number of bristles as follows; several small ones on segment 3,

two rather long ones on 4th and one long one on 5th to 12th; on the upper side

of all segments there is a number of small straight hairs.

Palpi not examined.

Vestiture of the thorax missing in part, but appearing to be completely

brown; no apparent alluring organs on the side of the thorax.

Wing oval, somewhat acuminate at the tip of R5; venation as shown in

Fig. 123. Rs of the pectinate type, anterior fork quite near the base, posterior

fork placed just a little after, that is, well before the tip of Cw. Vestiture com-

posed above and below of very closely imbricated bronzy-brown scales, some of

which (when seen at 50) are distinctly darker and larger than the others.

On the upper side of wing there are a few groups of metallic iridescent bluish-

green scales; there appear to be five main groups of these scales: two at the

base, one in the centre of the disc, one just below that on the posterior border

between the tips of M4 and Cw, and the fifth near the anterior border in the

region of the tip of R2; furthermore there are a very few scattered isolated

metallic scales above and also more distally than the spot 4. Wing fringe

uniformly dark yet exhibiting some ochraceous shifting reflections according to

lighting.

Legs brown, with a good admixture of greyish-white scales and hairs.

Anterior legs rather dark except on the posterior side and the antero-ventral

basal fringe of the tibiae, base and tip of basitarsi and tip of second segment

very slightly marked with white on the posterior side only; mid-tibiae with

whitish grey posterior side near the tip; hind tibiae fairly extensively whitish

all along its anterior side, some hairs of its long anterior and posterior fringe

74, RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

also white; mid- and hind-tarsi with the base and tip of the basitarsi and the

whole of the second segment silvery white dorsally.

Vestiture of the abdomen mostly composed of very dense appressed scales.

Hypopygium (Figs. 124-127): coxites about twice as long as wide, curved

outwards, styles three times as long as wide, gently curved and gradually

tapering to the blunt apex which carries a fairly long sensory seta; aedeagus

asymmetrical, composed of two pieces enveloped in a broad sheath which is at

base completely united with the narrow sternite by a membrane. Cercopod

with a bulky basal extension, its distal half thin and somewhat turned inwards,

its tip with a row of 7 retinacula, its middle with a dark, more or less oval plate,

carrying about 50 long-clubbed sensory hairs (Fig. 129); the cercopods are not

longer than the styles.

Wing-length 3-6 mm.

2. Antennae completely brown, somewhat longer than those of the male,

3rd segment fusiform (Fig. 128), shorter by one-third than the 4th, this and the

following ones elongate-fusiform with a distal neck, the last one with an apiculus

ending in a sensory cone (Fig. 130). Ascoids rather short, simple, almost straight,

in pairs on segments 4 to 14 (Fig. 129). The hairs of the flagellum are scanty

and do not form any campanulate verticils.

Vestiture of frons, vertex and disc of mesothorax grey; abdomen with dense

appressed bronzy scales and black tufts of hairs at the base and tip. Legs

dark, the tarsi marked with white as in the male.

The wing venation is exactly as in the male but the markings of iridiscent

scales are different; there is a large group of them on the basal quarter and five

other groups on the distal half: three on the posterior border, one in the middle

of the disc and one on the anterior border below the tip of 2 in the ° paratype;

this distal marking varies somewhat in extent and position.

Subgenital plate (Fig. 131) with two terminal semicircular lobes heavily

sclerotized, the internal median sensory organ large and also strongly sclerotized.

Ovipositor (Fig. 132), not much longer than the plate.

RUWENZORI: Kilembe, 4500 ft., on foliage near a tree with a water-bearing

cavity, I ¢ (type) 2 2.

Trichobrunettia subgen. n.

The subgenus has been defined above (p. 70), as comprising the species of

Brunettia in which the scales of the wing membrane have been replaced by

hairs. However, as in many species of the Psychodinae, there may be some

scales at the base of the wing below which extend more or less to the middle but

usually remain confined to the basal quarter. The antennae are either 15- or

16-segmented and the flagellar segments are usually like those of Telmatoscopus.

The last few segments are not diminutive as in Trichopsychoda. The subgeno-

type is the following species.

Brunettia gloviosa sp.n. Figs. 122 to 132.

(122) antenna of g, ascoids only partly represented; (123) wing; (124) aedeagus,

coxite and style; (125) cercopod seen from behind, same scale; (126) part of oth

tergite and cercopod seen from side; (127) tip of long clubbed hairs of cercopods ;

(128) base of the antenna of 9; (129) a median antennal segment with ascoids;

(130) tip of antenna; (131) subgenital plate of Y, inside view; (132) ovipositor.

76 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Brunettia (Trichobrunettia) albonotata (Brun.)

Psychoda albonotata Brunetti, 1908, Rec. Ind. Mus.: 373.

Pavabrunettia 9-notata Brunetti, 1911, Rec. Ind. Mus. 4: 313.

Brunettia indica Eaton, 1913, Trans. Linn. Soc. London: 424.

Psychoda duripuncta, Curran,

This species is represented in Dr. Edwards’ Ruwenzori collection by four

specimens from Kilembe. It is exceedingly widespread in the tropics; the

West Indies, Africa, India, Malaya and Formosa; strange to say it has not

spread to Australia yet.

dS,

Ny)

)

Brunettia albonotata Brun. Figs. 133 to 143.

(133) head of g; (134) a median segment of flagellum; (135) tip of the antenna

of 3; (136) side view of thorax of ¢ showing sense organ; (137) wing; (138) aedeagus

and forceps from above; (139) 9th tergite and cercopod from the side ; (140 and

141) tips of retinacula; (142) subgenital plate of 2; (143) ovipositor.

PSYCHODIDAE 77

Since it is a very common species likely to be redescribed again I am giving

here a few drawings (Fig. 133-143) of the wings, antennae and the genitalia

to supplement and correct those of Eaton; the radius is not broken as he shows

in his Fig. 2a.

There is in the male on the anepisternum an oval sensory plate dotted

with very numerous papillae (Fig. 136); such a scent organ had not yet been

recorded in Brunettia.

Brunettia (Trichobrunettia) obscura sp. n.

A medium-sized brown species, with mottled wings whose membrane is not

covered with scales but only with hairs.

146

144

149

Brunettia obscura sp. n. Figs. 144 to 149.

(144) base of antenna of 9; (145) median segment of antenna with ascoids;

(146) tip of antenna of 2; (147) wing of 2; (148) subgenital plate of 2; (149)

ovipositor.

®. Integument ochraceous-brown.

Eyes widely separated, without bridges. Antennae 16-segmented, some-

what longer than the width of the wing; Ist segment about three times as long

as wide (Fig. 144); the following ones rather short, fusiform but with a distinct

short neck (Fig. 145), last one with an apiculus ending in a sensory cone

(Fig. 146); hairs of the verticils scanty; ascoids fairly long, unbranched,

gently curved, in pairs on segments 3 to I4.

Palpi not examined; face more elongate than usual.

Vestiture of the head and thorax brown, that of the abdomen whitish except

at the base where it is brown. Integument ochraceous-brown.

78 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Legs: Femora brown with the anterior side paler, knees narrowly white;

tibiae gradually darker towards the apex with paler scales all along the posterior

side; protarsi completely white, other segments brown.

Wings lanceolate (Fig. 147), almost three times as long as wide, pointed at

the tip of R5; Rs of the pectinate type; anterior fork near the base, posterior

one just a shade more distal and well before the tip of Cw; both basal cells of

equal length. Wing-membrane infuscated, with some clear spaces at the base,

in the region of the forks, and round the margin between the tips of most of the

veins. Vestiture brown; erect bristly hairs on the veins and appressed fine

hairs on the membrane, with white markings as follows: a tuft of white hairs

on the basal cells followed by rows of erect brown hairs on all the veins except

Rr, these rows end towards the middle of the disc and on Cu they end distinctly

before its tip; in this area of brown erect hairs there are three small patches of

white erect hairs, one beyond each fork and one on the middle of Cz, then four

very small tufts at the end of the rows of erect bristly hairs, those on R2 and

M2 are at the same level and a little further distally than those on R4 and Mr

which are both at the same level. The appressed white hairs of the membrane

form very small white spots between the tips of R2, R3, R4, M1, M2, M3,

M4 and Cu, six in all. Fringe brown with three very small white tufts: one

at the tip of the wing, one at the tip of 1/3 and the last one on the costa just

above the level of the anterior fork.

Subgenital plate subquadrate (Fig. 148), the two terminal lobes not very

distinctly separated; ovipositor normal (Fig. 149).

Wing-length 3 mm.

RUWENZORI: Kilembe 4500 ft., 1 2 (type).

I have seen a fairly large series of specimens from Lake Magera (Parc

National Albert) which may be referred to this species. Unfortunately, they

are in very bad condition as regards the vestiture which is almost completely

rubbed off; however, what remains of it, especially on the legs, corresponds with

that of B. obscura. Furthermore, the morphological features of the terminalia,

the antennae and venation of the females from Lake Magera are in every point

the same as those of B. obscura so that there is a great probability that they

belong to the same species. One must however remember that among the

Psychodinae there are many species which are perfectly distinct in the males

but are on the other hand completely indistinguishable in the females.

As the vestiture fails the males can only be described in respect of their

morphological features which are as follows:

Eyes as in the female, two elongate club-shaped organs under the head

(Fig. 150), fairly stiff as in Telmatoscopus soleatus (not vesicular as in Clytocerus

ocellaris) and covered with very numerous rather indistinct papillae and micro-

scopic pubescence.

Antennae 16-segmented, not much longer than the width of the wing

PSYCHODIDAE

(54: 50); the first three segments (lig. 151), markedly bigger than the following

ones, the first club-shaped about four times as long as wide, 3rd conspicuously

bulging on one side and with stiffer, thicker and more numerous bristles on that

part, 4th smaller and also somewhat eccentric and with some thicker bristles;

the following ones fusiform their distal part thinner, 16th ovoid (Fig. 152), with

Brunettia obscura sp.n. (contd.) Figs. 150-156.

(150) head of g; (151) base of the antenna of g; (152) median and terminal

segments, same scale as Fig. 151; (153) wing of $; (154) wing of a 9 from same

locality, same scale; (155) aedeagus and forceps from above; (156) 9th tergite

: and cercopod from side.

a rather large terminal cone. Verticils with rather scanty hairs not forming

any campanula. Ascoids thin, simple, in pairs on segments 4 to 16.

Palpi almost as long as the antennae, formula: 8—12—12—15.

Wing relatively broader than in the female (cf. Pigs. 153-154), with tufts of

undulated (sensory?) hairs right at the base and a tuft of straight finer hairs

on the base of /.; venation as in the female; membrane infuscated at the tip

of the veins and in the region of Cw.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Hypopygium (Figs. 155-156): coxites about twice as long as wide, curved

on the side, styles a little longer, thin, little incrassate at the base, tapering

only at the tip; aedeagus simple, subcylindrical, fairly long; cercopods only

as long as the goth tergite, almost straight with about ten retinacula of equal

length.

Allotype 3 and paratype jg and 9° Parc National Albert, Lake Magera,

3-6.111.1934 (de Witte), in collection of the Congo Museum, Tervueren.

REFERENCES

Alexander, C.P. 1929. A revision of the American two-winged flies of the

Annandale, N.

Brunetti, E.

Eaton, A. E.

Enderlein, G.

Tonnoir, A. L.

Psychodid subfamily Bruchomyiinae. Proc. U.S. Nation.

Mus., 75: Art 7; I-9.

tg1o. A new genus of Psychodid Diptera from the Himalayas

and Travancore. Rec. Ind. Mus. 5: 141-144.

1912. The Fauna of British India. Psychodidae, Diptera

Nematocera.

1904. New genera of European Psychodidae. Entom. Month.

Mag., 40: 55-59.

Psychodidae of the Seychelles. Trans. Linn. Soc. London,

15: 423-432.

1937. Klassification der Psychodiden (Dipt). Deutsch. Ent.

Zeit., 1936: 81-112.

1920. Notes sur quelques Psychodides africains. Rev. Zool.

Afric., 8: 127-147.

1g21. Contribution a l'étude des Psychodides d’Afrique. Bull.

Soc. Ent. Egypte, 6: 80-112.

1922. Notes sur le genre Nemopalpus et description d’une

espéce nouvelle. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., 62: 126-136.

Plate XXIII

RUWENZORI

Stream in Namwamba Valley at 10,000 feet

Habitat of Psvchoda maxima Tonn. and other species