6. MUSCIDAE:

C.—SCATOPHAGINAE, ANTHOMYIINAE, LISPINAE,

FANNIINAE AND PHAONIINAE

By F. I. van EMDEN

(Commonwealth Institute of Entomology)

THE present paper concludes the report on the Muscidae, which was begun

before the war at the suggestion of Sir Guy A. K. Marshall and the late Dr.

F. W. Edwards. From the five subfamilies which have now been studied the

Expedition collected 172 species and subspecies, of which 94 are new to science

against 6 in Muscinae and 63 in Coenosiinae, described in parts A and B

respectively. In addition 48 species which have been obtained from other

sources and from all but one of which the types are in the B.M., are described

here for the first time. As the total number of species so far known from the

region (after deduction of synonyms) was only 217, more than 36 per cent of

the known species were found again by the Expedition. The total number

of species found by them, including the new forms, amounts to almost 80 per

cent of the species known before or 43 per cent of the number now known to

occur in the Ethiopian region. In addition the collections of Dr. Scott’s

Expeditions to Abyssinia and S.W. Arabia, and the Ethiopian material of the

British Museum (Natural History) and of the Commonwealth Institute of

Entomology were worked out, so that the whole number of specimens studied

for this series of papers is believed to approach 10,000.

The collection of Muscidae reported on in the present paper and the preceding

parts is thus by far the largest one from the Ethiopian Region ever worked out

so far. The amount of material in comparison with that treated in some other

reports on expeditions to East Africa can be judged from Table 1. The figures

show that the various expeditions, with the exception of that by Dr. Scott to

Abyssinia, which collected just over 20 per cent, obtained as an average slightly

over 10 per cent of the number of species contained in the material of the

Ruwenzori Expedition. At the same time the family Muscidae is very strikingly

the most important and complete single part of the collections of insects brought

back by the Expedition (see Table 2), almost every third Dipteron and fully

every seventh insect belonging to this family, whilst the Tachinidae (excluding

Calliphoridae) are represented by one-tenth these figures and about a quarter

II, 6 (a)

3260 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

TABLE 1. THE MUSCIDAE OF THE B.M. RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

AS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF OTHER EAST AFRICAN EXPEDITIONS

Number of |

eS ee ebages nol

Muscidae collected by . species and| report

specimens subspecies

Sjéstedt, Kilimanjaro-Meru Expedition, 1905/6. 277 ae 7

Alluaud and Jeannel, 1911/12 : : : 5 ? 40 41

American Museum Congo Expedition, 1g09g/1I9.. ne 25 13

Jeannel, Mission de I’ Omo, 1932/3 ‘ 2.3 25 13

Entomological Expedition to Abyssinia, “1926/7 (D

Scott) 288 63 50

BM. Expedition to S. W. Arabia, 1937/8 (Scott and

Britton) , 387 39 15

B.M. Ruwenzori Expedition, 193415 Cc. 3,000 302 5 ree

Other Ethiopian collections in the B. M. and C.LE. |c. 7,000 |+¢.250f ~ 5 2

(Species in the British Isles . 0 ; 5 5 530)

1 A selection only was worked out.

* «Several thousand Diptera ”’

8’ Almost 7000 Diptera.

the number of species. This latter figure should be compared with the total

proportion of species of Tachinidae to Muscidae known from the Ethiopian

region, which is probably almost 4:5 (in the British Isles over 2:5). From

a study of Dr. Edwards’ diary and from inquiries from Mrs. May. Edwards,

Dr. G. Taylor and Mr. J. F. Shillito it is obvious that the large proportion of

Muscidae in the collection is not the result of special efforts devoted to this

group. On the contrary, some of the entries in the diary seem to reveal a certain

disappointment that Muscidae were more numerous than the groups in which

Edwards was interested (e.g. 25.x. Naivasha: “‘more Anthomyiidae than any-

thing else’”’; 30.x. Kinangop: “‘insects generally scarce; took a fair number of

Anthomyiids mostly sitting on leaves of Lobelia’”’; 3.1. Kyanjoki: “by riverside

some Helina and Limnophora, but not much else’’; etc.). Muscidae must

therefore form a relatively large proportion of the Diptera on high East African

elevations, and a note by Alluaud and Jeannel (in Stein, 1914, Anthomyiidae.

Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Diptera: 104) confirms this conclusion, saying

that almost all the Anthomyiidae collected by these explorers were found above

2,000 or even 4,000 m. That Muscidae are by no means missing at lower

altitudes will on the other hand be seen from the distributional notes in the

present series of papers. As far as the ratio of collected species to those known

from the Ethiopian region is concerned, the Muscidae are equalled among the

families so far worked out by the Psychodidae and much surpassed by certain

subfamilies of the Empididae, whilst the other families are left far behind. It

is obvious from the figures that the Muscidae are one of the largest families of

Diptera in the Ethiopian region. In Speiser’s list of the Diptera of Tanganyika

MUSCIDAE 327

Territory (1924, Beitr. Tierk. Kénigsberg, pp. go-156) they are even by far the

largest family, as they had just had an excellent specialist in P. Stein. The

Muscidae are represented in that list by about 115 species, whilst the Syrphidae

(with 65 species), Tabanidae (with 56 species), and Chloropidae (with 52 species)

follow by a wide interval in the order of the number of species.

TABLE 2. THE MUSCIDAE OF THE B.M. RUWENZORI EXPEDITION AS

COMPARED WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE SAME COLLECTION AND WITH

THE FAUNA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION AND THE BRITISH ISLES

Collected by the B.M. Ruwenzori Expedition Species

occurring in the

No. of % of | % Of | No. of | % Of

mens ptera species | Region | Terr. | Isles

Insects . . || C.20,000 —— = ? ? 2 2 20,000

Diptera . . ||. 10,000] 50 — ? ? R 663 5,200

Simuliidae 3 2 2 ? 6 8 79 —- 22

Biting Culicidae 2 ? ? 35 8 c. 450 30 30

Psychodidae . 64 03 0-6 27 44 OI 2 2

Ceratopogoni-

dae . : 93 O5 0-9 29 7 c. 4001 5 136

Stratiomyiidae 57 073 0-6 22 14 c. 1602 II 54

Rhagionidae . II 0:05 Ol 5 17 30 — 20

Tabanidae ‘ 86 O74 o-9 12 3 c. 4202 56 28

Asilidae . 5 120 0:6 1:2 25 3 c. 8002 2 26

Bombyliidae . II 0°05 orl 4 0-4 | c. 900? 18 12

Iempididae_. 252 13 2 2 78 54 I 73

(pars)

Muscidae . || c. 3,000 I5 30 302 43 c. 700 IT5 530

Tachinidae. |Ic. 300 15 3 c. 80 |e. 15 C. 550 2 230

1 This figure was kindly supplied by the late Dr. J. W. S. Macfie.

2 These figures were kindly supplied by Mr. H. Oldroyd.

The Muscinae, Stomoxydinae and Coenosiinae have been dealt with in

Nos. 3 (1939) and 4 (1940) of this volume, but war conditions prevented the

publication of another part of the Ruwenzori Reports. Preliminary accounts

on the Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae and Fanniinae were therefore

published in 1941 (Bull. ent. Res. 32: 251-275), on the Dichaetomyia-group of

Phaoniinae in 1942 (Ann. Mag. n. H. (11) 9: 673-701, 721-736), and on the

Phaonia-group of Phaoniinae in 1943 (Ann. Mag. n. H. (11) 10: 73-101, pl. 1).

In these papers a key to the eight subfamilies and keys to the genera and

species of Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae, Dichaetomyiini

and Phaoniini, as well as preliminary descriptions of the new species in these

groups, were offered. Certain notes and full descriptions of the species not

collected by the three B.M. expeditions were also given.

As far as the same systematic groups are concerned the present paper thus

contains the detailed descriptions of the species described so far only prelimi-

narily, the distributional and other notes on the material of the B.M. Ruwenzori

Expedition, and certain corrections to the papers mentioned above. In addition,

328 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the tribes Limnophorini and Mydaeini, which comprise by far the greatest part

of the Phaoniinae, are treated in this concluding part of the Muscidae, and full

keys to the genera and species. to these two tribes as well as a key to the tribes

of Phaoniinae are included. The difficulties encountered in defining the

Limnophora-group from the Mydaea-group are well known to students of

Calyptrate Diptera, and it is believed that the new characters used in the

tribal key may be of assistance in the classification of Phaoniinae from other

regions.

In the material of the Expedition the various subfamilies with which this

part is concerned are represented in the following way: 54 Scatophaginae (in

2 species and 1 subspecies, none new), 593 Anthomyiinae (in 30 species; 3 genera

and Ir species new), 1 Lispinae, 17 Fanniinae (in 4 species, none new), and

c. 1,100 Phaoniinae (in 134 species and subspecies; I genus, I subgenus, 77

species and 6 subspecies, new). Apart from the Lispinae, the single specimen

of which contrasts curiously with the rich material of the other groups, the

Expedition has secured from the restricted area visited by its members more

than 40 per cent of the species known from the whole of the Ethiopian region,

in addition to the numerous new species. The figures for the various groups

are found in the following table:

Number of Species and Subspecies

Subfamily Kknown

Known before Ne New, from) Known

before | and coll. | Coll. by ether now

by Exped. Exped. sources

Scatophaginae . 6 é 4 3 fo) 4

Anthomyiinae . ; 3 30 19 Il 4 51

Lispinae . : ; : 28 I fo) o 28

TFanniinae : 3 : 8 4 fe) fe) 8

Phaoniinae : : : 141 51 83 66 290

217 78 94 70 381

The above figures show that the material of the Phaoniinae, as of most

other subfamilies of Muscidae collected by the B.M. Ruwenzori Expedition, is

by far the richest and most complete collection ever brought back from Africa,

and it was therefore unavoidable in working it out to lay the emphasis on

classification and keys rather than on zoogeographical problems, which can

necessarily not be solved to satisfaction as long as a revision like this one can

increase the number of species by 76 per cent.

As far as species have been found by the Abyssinia and S.W. Arabia

Expeditions only, but not by the Ruwenzori Expedition, they have been

included in the keys of the preliminary reports or of the present paper, and

MUSCIDAE 329

their full description is published more or less simultaneously with the present

account in Ann. Mag. n. H. (11) 14: 460-484 (1948), and in the special series on

the B.M. Expedition to S.W. Arabia 1937-38, 1 : 161-175 (1948).

There can be little doubt that the distributional data mentioned under each

species give only a small proportion of the facts, and that in addition at least

a quarter to half the Ethiopian species still remain to be discovered. If, for

instance, the types of Pegomyia obscurinervis come from the Aden Protectorate

and the Gold Coast and those of Sfilogona gilvifrons from Cape Province and

N. Nigeria, it would be more than rash to believe in some kind of a discontinuous

distribution, and these and similar less extreme cases warrant a high degree

of caution in the zoogeographical interpretation of the data contained in this

paper, large though the total number of specimens may be.

Nevertheless, a few points seem to stand out rather clearly. Firstly, as

might have been expected, the number of cosmopolitan species collected by

the Expedition is negligible, only Hylemyia cilicrura Rond. falling in this

category. A fair number of species occur over most of the Ethiopian region

and in parts of the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, e.g. Limnophora obsignata

Rond., L. notabilis Stein, Helina (Helinella) propinqua Stein (Sierra Leone to

Amboina), and Gymnodza tonitrut Wied., a few are distributed over most of the

Ethiopian region with the exception of West Africa (e.g. Helina lucida Stein,

Euspilaria punctifera Mall., Dimorphia tristis Wied., and Dichaetomyia serena

Stein). Of all these the last two only have been found on the Ruwenzori,

though most of them are at hand from places visited by the Expedition, but

not all collected by it. There are a large number of species which occur from

West Africa to East Africa (to Kenya or Abyssinia or Sudan or even Yemen)

and thence southwards to the east, or mainly to the east, of the Rift Valley

to South Africa. Representatives of this group are: Emmesomyia tarda Stein,

Hylemyia avambourgi Ség., Fanma suturalis Stein, Limnophora translucida

Stein, L. simulans Stein, L. trigemina Stein with ssp. vumbana Emd., Campto-

tarsopoda pallipes Stein, Helina (Hebecnema) semiflava Stein, Phaonia abnormis

Stein, Dichaetomyia mgripalpis Stein, Pyrellina distincta Walk., Gymnodia

mervinia Walk., Anthomyia amoena Macq., Gymnodia gentilis R.-D., G. versicolor

steiniana Emd., Helina quadriseta Ad., H. (Helinella) rufina Stein, and Dichaeto-

myia quadrata nubiana Big., the last six of which have not actually been found

on the Ruwenzori and some of them not by the Expedition at all, whilst G.

mervinia has been found on the Ruwenzori but not by the Expedition.

The bulk of the species, however, are apparently confined, as far as present

evidence goes, to East or East and South Africa, and a considerable proportion

of these species seems to occur on high elevations only, some of them presumably

exclusively on Mt. Ruwenzori (e.g. Fannia setigena Villen.), the Aberdares

(e.g. Ecliponeura spinicosta Emd.), or Mt. Elgon (e.g. Spilogona spinipes Big.).

A localisation on high mountains is almost certain in cases where separate

330 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

subspecies have developed on different ranges, e.g. in Limnophora melanota

Emd., L. majuscula Emd., L. aculeipes Stein, Helina (Helinella) castanea Curr.,

etc., or where closely related species occur on different mountains as in Xeno-

myia.

Some West African species reach western Uganda, but not Kenya or any

parts to the south of the latter. Glossina nigrofusca Newst., for instance, has

been found in the Bwamba country in a remarkable subspecies, G. migrofusca

hopkinsi Emd. (1944, Bull. ent. Res. 35: 193). It seems that Dichaetomyia

fumaria Stein, conforms Curr. and fasciventris Mall. have this type of distribu-

tion, although the number of specimens and localities at hand is not

very large.

Lastly, three facts are worth special discussion: the almost complete absence

of the genus Lispe from the collections of the Ruwenzori Expedition, the

presence of Scatophaga-species on high East African mountains, and the ten-

dency towards the development of dichoptic males apparently in connection

with the life at higher altitudes.

The genus Lispe is represented in the collections of the Expedition by a

single specimen from the Aberdares, whilst Xenomyza, which must have very

similar habits, is present in especially large numbers of specimens and species.

As the late Dr. Edwards told me that he collected them with particular zeal,

' being under the impression that they belonged to or near Lispe, the absence

of larger numbers of real Lisbe becomes even more interesting in view of the

fact that this genus is otherwise well represented in East Africa and was found

in fair numbers at high altitudes in Abyssinia by Dr. Scott. The explanation

will perhaps be found in the velocity of the currents due to the fall of the rivers,

which may be expected to be great at the places visited by the Expedition, but

small in large parts of the Highlands of Abyssinia.

Scatophaga stercoraria L. is a very widely distributed inhabitant of dung.

It is remarkable, however, that all the quite numerous specimens of this and

related forms, collected by the Expedition, were found above 10,000 ft., except

for three, which occurred between gooo and 10,000 ft. The typical localities

of the two forms described by Becker also lie at 8000—-10,000 ft., and the only

other East African captures known to me (Kilimanjaro and Kijabé) were made

at similar altitudes. It is very probable then that the occurrence of Scatophaga

at very high elevations in East Africa belongs to the type of distribution of

Palaearctic species on these mountains, to which I alluded in Part A, p. 50.

It must be emphasized, however, that in South Africa specimens of this species

have been found at much lower altitudes.

A remarkable, though of course not large, proportion of the new species

from higher elevations (e.g. Spilogona dichoptica, Helina votundiceps, some

species of Xenomyia, etc.) are conspicuous by their dichoptic males, and this

condition is especially interesting, where it occurs in a geographical race of a

MUSCIDAE 331

species which is otherwise holoptic in the male, as is the case in Limnophora

aculetpes eurymetopa Emd. The holoptic type form of this species occurs in

Abyssinia, a holoptic subspecies is found on various high mountains in Kenya

and on Mt. Kilimanjaro, and the dichoptic subspecies eurymetopa on the Nyeri

Track of the Aberdares. Dichoptic males may occur sporadically in normally

holoptic species and are considered to be intersexes. In L. eurymetopa, however,

all the four males at hand and at the same time all the males belonging to the

species aculecpes and found on the Nyeri Track, are dichoptic, so that the

dichoptic head of the males is likely to be the character of a geographical

form and not of intersexes in this case. It is well known that there is a tendency

in insects of high altitudes to abandon flight, and, similarly, a reduction of

the eye-size is frequently linked with more stationary habits. It is thus not

impossible—though far from proved—that the relatively large proportion of

dichoptic species on the higher mountains visited by the Expedition is a

consequence of more stationary habits of these flies.

Phylogenetic evolution proceeds, of course, from the simple to the com-

plicated structure (Spencer), and at first sight one might be tempted to regard

the Muscinae as the most advanced and the Anthomyiinae or some Phaoniinae

as the most primitive Muscidae. However, if the Calyptrata are viewed within

the whole range of Diptera, in which the Nematocera have always been recog-

nized as the most primitive suborder, it will easily be seen that the apical

transverse vein, holoptic male, rich chaetotaxy, etc., are primitive features and

that the evolution has proceeded towards reduction and a deceptive secondary’

simplicity. Thus the Muscinae have retained more of the primitive characters

than any other subfamily, and in Anthomyiinae the process of reduction is

more advanced than in most Phaoniinae, but less so than in many Limnophorini

and in the Fanniinae. It is therefore not easy to express the phylogenetic

relations in a linear arrangement, and the sequence of the subfamilies in this

series of papers must not be regarded as indicating the degree of phylogenetic

relationship, but is mainly due to reasons of expediency.

In the list of material the number of specimens in the British Museum often

includes those returned to the collector, in order to avoid duplications of the

text. For further general remarks, abbreviations, etc., see Part A, p. 50, and

Part B, p. 92. The drawings in the present part, except for the male genitalia,

have been made by Mr. Arthur Smith, and I wish to thank him very much for

his conscientious and painstaking work. Wherever differences between species

appeared doubtful or slight, the male genitalia have been dissected and studied.

However, because of their small size, it is difficult to orientate the penis and

paramera equally on different slides, and these structures are therefore difficult

to use for systematic purposes, especially as the paramera are of very simple

and similar shapes. The inferior and superior forcipes offer better possibilities,

but even from the limited material studied it is obvious that the superior forceps

332 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

is apt to vary very considerably in conspecific specimens from one locality (see

under Limnophora translucida and obsignata).

For lending me very willingly types in their possession, I am much indebted

to Dr. C. H. Curran of the American Museum of Natural History and to Mr.

J. E. Collin of Newmarket, Suffolk. This assistance is so much the more

appreciated as it was impossible to study types in continental European col-

lections. Last, not least, I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Keeper of

Entomology, Mr. N. D. Riley, the Director, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, and the Trustees

of the British Museum (Natural History) for recommending and granting the

publication of this rather voluminous report. Just before the proofs came to

hand I received through the kindness of Dr. A. Sods a loan from the Hun-

garian National Museum, containing many of Stein’s types as well as other

_specimens named by Stein. My cordial thanks are therefore extended to Dr.

Sods, through whose assistance it has been possible to reach finality in the

nomenclature of several doubtful species.

Biology!

The adults of many genera are predators, especially on other Diptera. Thus,

Scatophaga stercoravia L. was observed in Transvaal attacking house-flies ;

Helina sciarivora sp. n. was captured in the Namwamba Valley sucking a

Sciara thoracica Macq.; the Lispinae are known to prey mainly on the various

stages of Culicidae; and the lispoid structure and the proboscis of the genus

Xenomyia, especially the large prestomal teeth, render it certain that this genus,

too, has predacious habits. As several species of Xenomyia have been found on

rocks wetted by the spray of swift streams, their prey is believed to consist

of aquatic or hygrophilous insects, etc.

The eggs of the Fanniini, Mydaeini and Phaoniini are usually provided with

a pair of flanges, but those of Dimorphia have a short stalk instead (Cuthbertson,

1937, 1939). Flanges are also present in Dichaetomyia but not in Pyrellina

(Cuthbertson, 1939).

Most of the larvae live in dung, e.g. Scatophaga, Limnophora notabilis Stein,

Gymnodia gentilis Stein, versicolor steintana ssp. n. (Munro, 1925; Cuthbertson,

1937) and flavescens Stein, Helina lucida Stein, Mydaea versatilis Curr. (Cuth-

bertson, 1939), Dichaetomyia quadrata nubiana Big. (Cuthbertson, 1937, 1939),

Dimorphia flavicornis Macq. (Cuthbertson, 1937), Muscina stabulans Fn.

1 The above data have been gathered from records on the labels in the material studied

and from data published by Munro (1925, S.A. Journ. n. H. 5: 49-60) and Cuthbertson

(1936, Occas. Pap. Rhodes. Mus. 5: 46-63; 1937, Trans. Rhodes. Sci. Ass. 85: 16-34;

1938, ibid. 36: 115-130; 1939, ibid. 37: 135-155). It is believed that the biological notes

on the labels have been summarised completely, but for details the list of material of the

species in question should be looked up; the latter will often contain additional data even

where literature is cited in the above account. It is not the aim of this chapter to give

a complete or even a general review of the biological literature on Ethiopian Muscidae.

$$ $$ $$ +

MUSCIDAE 333

(Cuthbertson, 1938, 1939) and species of Fannia, the latter being often found

in birds’ dung (e.g. F. fasctata Stein in chicken dung). Dimorphia tristis Wied.

has been obtained from the burrow of a warthog, a record which also indicates

coprobious habits.

Rotting vegetable matter affords breeding facilities for many genera,

especially for the species of the sbg. Helinella, e.g. rotting tubers of sweet

potatoes for Helina (Helinella) castanea Curr. (Cuthbertson, 1939), subsetosa

Curr. (Cuthbertson, 1939), propingqua Stein, but also for Muscina stabulans

Flin. (Cuthbertson, 1938), Phaonia vittithorax Stein (Cuthbertson, 19639) and

abnormis Stein (Cuthbertson, 1937), rotting potatoes for Phaonia abnormis Stein

(Cuthbertson, 1937), pumpkins, marrows, cucumbers and melons for Anthomyia

griseobasis Mall., Helina (Helinella) subsetosa Curr., rufina (Stein) Curr. (Cuth-

bertson, 1938) and propingua Stein, Phaonia annulipes Stein and Muscina

stabulans Flin. (Cuthbertson, 1938), bananas for Helina (Helinella) subsetosa

Curr. and propinqua Stein, pears for Helina (Helinella) subsetosa Curr., apples

for Helina hirtiventris Mall., oranges, tomatoes and Momordica for Helina

(Helinella) propinqua Stein, ““Kapa’’, Ficus and Rollinia fruits for Helina

(Helinella) rufina (Stein) Curr., Conopharyngia fruits for Pyrellina distincta

Walk. (Cuthbertson, 1939) and rhodesi Mall. (Cuthbertson, 1938) and Phaonia

annulipes Stein, Anona fruits for Phaonia abnormis Stein, and ripe (not rotting ?)

coffee-berries for Anthomyia griseobasis Mall. Larvae of Muscina stabulans have

in addition been found in rotting cultivated mushrooms (Cuthbertson, 1939)

and dead bodies of Red Locusts (Cuthbertson, 1938), and Fannia canicularis L.

in the latter (Cuthbertson, 1938). Muscina has also been recorded as a parasite

of living insects and even mammals.

Both in dung and decaying vegetable matter the Fannia larvae are un-

doubtedly really or at least mainly scavengers, but this has apparently not

been proved for any of the other genera concerned, and Ethiopian species of

Dimorphia (Cuthbertson, 1939), Muscina (Cuthbertson, 1938, 1939), Gymnodia

(Munro, 1925) and Phaonia (Cuthbertson, 1937) have actually been stated to

feed on other Diptera larvae, at least in the third instar.

Among the Anthomyiinae there are some genuinely phytophagous larvae,

e.g. Hylemyia arambourgi Ség. and andersoni Mall., which have been bred from

stems of rapoko, H. metatarsata Stein, which lives in Lobelia leaves, and the

omnivorous H. cilicrura Rond., which is also known to attack frequently egg-

pods of locusts. Whether the record of Anthomyia griseobasis from ripe coffee

berries indicates truly phytophagous habits, is perhaps somewhat doubtful.

Those species, which emerge from, or settle on, dung, and which also frequent

human dwellings or settle persistently on human beings, may have a certain

hygienic importance, e.g. species of Fannia (some of which have repeatedly

been reported to cause intestinal myiasis), Limnophora notabilis Stein, Helina

lucida Stein (cfr. Malloch, 1922, Ann. Mag. n. H. (9) 9: 277), Dimorphia

334 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

flavicornis Macq., species of Dichaetomyia, Pyrellina, Phaonia, Hydrotaea, etc.

Nevertheless, the hygienic importance of these genera is small as compared

with that of the groups treated in the first part of this report, among which

Musca sorbens Wied. is immensely bothersome in camps and human dwellings

and is able to transmit pathogenous germs, such as leprosy bacilli (Lamborn,

1937, Journ. trop. Med. Hyg. 40 : 37-42), whilst Lyperosza (Glossinella) minuta

Bezzi causes considerable damage to cattle (Cuthbertson, 1936), not to mention

the transmission of sleeping sickness and nagana by the species of Glossina.

Subfamilies

For the purpose of these papers the subfamilies have been defined in the

key published in 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 252-253. On p. 253 in the fourth

line of paragraph 11 the words “‘ Mid femur without an a preapical seta’’ should

be inserted after “‘it’’, and in the second line of paragraph 12 “‘almost always”’

after “‘female’’, in the third line of the same paragraph “‘almost always”’ after

“one’’, and in the fourth line “; if exceptionally these characters are developed

as in Coenosiinae, the mid femora with an a preapical seta” after “it”. On

p- 252, paragraph 9 line 1 after ““Pteropleura’”’ add ‘“‘except in Lispacoenosia”’

and line 6 after ‘‘two” add ‘‘, sometimes one,’’.

SCATOPHAGINAE

In Bull. ent. Res. 82: 253 I referred to the difficulties encountered in

separating this subfamily from the rest of the Muscidae and especially from the

Anthomyiinae. It now appears as if the hairs on the tibiae, especially the hind

ones, could supply a character which will hold good at least for the bulk of

the forms. In Scatophaginae the tibial hairs are irregularly arranged (though

often with a tendency towards the formation of rows) on the evenly convex

dorsal surface, whilst in other Muscidae two longitudinal rows are distinct, at

least one of which lies on a slight longitudinal ridge.

All the Ethiopian forms known to me from specimens have been collected

by the Expedition. Several other forms have been described, and of these

merdivora Ik.-D. seems actually to be a different species. A key and synonymic

notes will be found in Bull. ent. Res. 32: 253-255.

Scatophaga socia Beck.

Scopeuma socia Beck. 1914, Ann. Soc. ent. France 88: 127; 1915, Voy. Alluaud et

Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 5: 172.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 3, 7 &.

Typical locality: Kilimanjaro, 2700-2800 m., alpine prairies.

MUSCIDAE 335

Scatophaga stercoraria L.

Linn. 1758. Syst. Nat. (Ed. 10). 1: 599.

Musca stercorea F., Wied. 1818, Zool. Mag. 1, 2: 46 (Cape).

syn. Scatophaga sovoy Wied., |. c. 46 (Cape).

syn. ? Scatophaga capensis K.-D. 1830, Ess. Myodaires : 625 (Cape).

syn. Scatophaga hottentotta Macq. 1843, Mém. Soc. R. Sci. agric., Arts, Lille 1842 : 342;

Dipt. exot. 2, 3 : 105 (Cape). A

Scatophaga stercovaria L., Bezzi 1908, Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 39: 121 (Cape) ; (merdaria 1.)

]. c. : 122 (Eritrea).

Scopeuma mervdayium F., Speiser 1910, Wiss. Ergebn. Sj6stedts Kilimandjaro Meru

Exp: 10: Dipt. 166 (Kilimanjaro).

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 3, 1 9;

Alpine Zone, 12,000—-13,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 12. UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba

Valley, 11,000-12,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 7 3, 12; Nyamgasani Valley, 12,000-13,000

ft. (D. R. Buxton), 3 3, 4 2; Mt. Karangora, 9900 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2; Kigezi

District, xi.34; Mt. Mgahinga, 10,000-11,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, 2 9; Mt. Muha-

vura, 10,000-12,000 ft. (F.W.E.), g, 12; Summit of Mt. Sabinio, 11,000-11,500

ft. (J. Ford), 3 3. Seen from: TRANSVAAL: Johannesburg, attacking house-flies

round drying fruit —NATAL, CAPE PROVINCE, INDIA, PALAEARCTIC and NEARC-

TIC ReEGIoNS. Recorded from ERITREA: Adi Caieé.

Scatophaga stercoraria alata Beck.

Scopeum aalata Beck. 1914, Ann. Soc. ent. France 83: 127; 1915, Voy. Alluaud et

Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt., 5: 171.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, x.34, 12,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 5 3; 10,000 ft.

(HIWEE:.)) 3\3,1 2; q0004t. (J. Hord);1 3, 19; Nyer Track, 10,500 ft. (F.W.£.),

2 dg; 10,500-11,000 ft. (J. Ford), 1 g, 1 9.—Typical locality: Mt. Kenya,

2800-3200 m., upper zone of bamboo forests.

Though the larger males are very similar to S. scybalaria L., the present

form is, nevertheless, extremely closely related to stercoraria, and the terminalia

of both sexes are, in fact, identical in the two forms. A gQ from KENYA:

Kijabé, Kikuyu Escarpment, 7000-8000 ft., 28.xii.1I—5.1.12, bamboo forest

(W. J. Radford) have the femora wholly pale but are otherwise identical. This

applies also to the terminalia.

ANTHOMYIINAE

A key to the genera and species of Ethiopian Anthomyiinae and various

notes were published in Bull. ent. Res. 32: 255~268. The three new genera

were only shortly described then, and full descriptions of them and of the new

species are now presented.

Anthocoena Emd.

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 255.

Eyes broadly separated in both sexes (Fig. 1). Cruciate interfrontal setae

absent. Parafrontalia distinct, with 2 pairs of inclinate (the anterior one

336 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

strong) and 2-pairs of reclinate (the anterior one stronger) frontal setae.

Frons protruding anteriorly in profile by at least the width of the antennae.

Vibrissae level with mouth-margin. Arista plumose. acr hairlike, 1 frst dc,

2 pairs of strong scutellar setae, ventral surface of scutellum with fine, short,

erect, pale hairs; three stf/ which are arranged in an almost isosceles triangle,

the upper side being longer, the posterior one slightly (in female considerably)

shorter than the anterior one. Abdomen of male subcylindrical, but curved

downward, lateral lobes of fourth ventrite long and broad, superior forceps

fused, elongate, inferior forceps long and slender. Front tibiae with a submedian

seta, mid-tibiae without av or pv submedian setae, but with 2 fd and, in

female, 2 ad, hind tibiae with 2 strong submedian ad and 1 (g) or 2 (9)

pd. Costal spine very long (approximately twice as long as 7—m), spicules rather

long (Plate X, Fig. 1), ventral surface of costa haired between / and apex of 7,

the other veins wholly bare, sixth vein not quite reaching margin. Lower

calyptra much longer than upper one, strongly projecting, its inner margin

strongly diverging from lateral margin of scutellum.

Genotype: Anthocoena maculipennis sp. n.

This genus has characters somewhat intermediate between Coenosiinae and

Anthomyiinae: the wide frons of male without cruciate setae, the stronger

anterior reclinate frontal seta, and the single prst dc are features of the former

group, whereas by the almost complete sixth vein it approaches the Antho-

myiinae. The outwardly curved anterior reclinate frontal seta and the ciliate

ventral surface of the scutellum exclude it from the Coenosiinae and bring it

to the Anthomyiinae. It is hardly possible to decide whether Amthocoena is a

genuine link between the two subfamilies or only accidentally intermediate.

By Séguy’s key the species would be identified as Coenosia or Eutrichota.

From the former genus (and subfamily) it is excluded by the ciliate scutellum,

etc., from the latter by its strongly developed lower calyptra, the absence of

a long and strong pra, and the single prst dc. Chelisia, which has often been

included in the Coenosiinae but belongs to Anthomyiinae (see p. 94), differs

from Anthocoena by the small calyptrae, 2 prst dc, cruciate interfrontal setae,

and the short-haired arista.

Anthocoena maculipennis Emd. 3°

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 257.

Length, 4-5 mm.; of wings, 3°5-4°3 mm.

3. Head black, densely grey dusted with blackish reflections, the occiput

less densely dusted, except above, frontal triangle densely brownish-grey dusted,

interfrontalia dull greyish-black, with brownish reflections in anterior view.

Irons very slightly narrowed to beyond second frontal seta, slightly dilated

with almost straight sides from there to interior verticals, as wide behind as

—

MUSCIDAE 337

one eye (but appearing narrower), much longer than wide; fronto-facial strip

gradually widening with almost straight sides to lower margin of eyes, where

it is one and two-third times as wide as near vertex; parafrontalia a third to

a quarter width of interfrontalia with 2-3 inclinate (and 1-2 hairs) and 2

reclinate frontal setae, of the latter the anterior-one is longer (Fig. 1), and

mainly bent outward, whereas the posterior one is bent backward as much as

outward. Inner vertical strong, outer vertical and postverticals not very

strong, ocellars strong, only moderately diverging. Antennae black with

Fic. 1.—Anthocoena maculipennis emd., 3. Lateral view of head and thorax.

brownish-grey pollinosity, third joint four times as long as wide, reaching level

of ventral margin of eyes, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width;

arista long-plumose, the rays shorter at base and apex, but almost half as long

as third antennal joint around middle. Parafacialia as wide as, jowls twice as

wide as, third antennal joint. Palpi black, slender.

Thorax black, densely grey dusted, with a narrow, brown vitta on either

side of the inner pair of acy rows from front end to basal third of postsutural

part, a narrow brown median vitta on posterior half of postsutural part, and

a broad, blackish vitta to the outer side of the dc, including the ph and frst

and reaching laterally the sa; pleurae less densely dusted, the pattern shifting.

acr in 4-5 rows, I +-3 strong and long dc (Fig. 1), 1 7a (between level of second

and third dc); x humeral seta, 1 ph, I prst, 2 notopleurals (the second

one smaller), no pra, 2 sa (the posterior one much smaller), and 2 postalars;

338 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

scutellum finely setulose and with 2 pairs of strong setae, the apical pair

decussate. Upper propleural and prostigmatal setae moderately strong, lower

ones rather fine, all of them curved upwards. The anterior stf/ much stronger

than the ventral one, but slightly weaker than the posterior one, the stpl

triangle haired. :

Abdomen cylindrical, curved downwards, black, grey dusted, dorsum

cinereous with a pair of faint brown spots on the second to fourth segments

and a more conspicuous median spot on the fifth; hair appressed, first segment

with rather numerous setae and erect strong hairs at sides, second and third

with a small lateral discal and a strong lateral marginal, second, moreover, with

2 pairs of strong marginals, fourth segment with a row of 4 strong discals

and 6 strong marginals, fifth with rather numerous erect setae and strong

hairs. Lobes of fourth ventrite long and broad, half erect, somewhat widened

at apex, the latter broadly rounded-truncate, with long, strong hairs towards

apex.

Legs wholly black, thinly grey-dusted, rather glossy, front femora with a

complete row of abuot 8 setae on fd and fv surfaces, front tibiae with 2

small ad setulae and two rows of very long, erect setose hairs in apical half,

beginning with the pv seta, which is very thin and long like the proximal hairs,

the more distal ones somewhat shorter and wavy at tips, basal joint of front

tarsi with long av and fv hairs, second and third joints with shorter hairs;

mid-femora with 5 strong pu setae in basal two-thirds, a small ad and d and

a strong pd and f preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 pd setae; hind femora with

about 5 strong ad and av setae and a d and pd preapical, hind tibiae with

1 strong pd seta in middle, 2 strong ad and 2 fv setulose hairs.

Wings (Plate X, Fig. 1) yellowish tinged in basal half, smoky towards apex

and hind margin, veins ochreous in anterior and basal parts, fuscous in apical

and posterior parts, with a round fuscous spot on 7-m and an elongate spot

on m—m, y—-m conspicuously beyond level of apex of 7,, slightly beyond middle

of discal cell, 7, ,; and m slightly diverging at extreme apex. Calyptrae ochreous-

yellow. Halteres testaceous.

®. Pollinosity more cinereous. Frons evenly but slightly narrowed to vertex,

one-third wider behind than one eye, as long as wide in front, sides of face less

widened and more rounded to lower margin of eyes. Third antennal joint

slightly passing level of ventral eye-margins, falling short of mouth-margin by

halfits width. Parafacialia somewhat wider than third antennal joint. Abdomen

oblong-oval, moderately convex on dorsum, pollinosity uniformly cinereous-

grey with only single brown spots at the base of the setae, third segment in

addition to the setae of the male with 2 or 3 pairs of rather weak discals in

a transverse row. Fore tibiae with a strong submedian fv seta, without long

hairs, tarsi without long hair; mid-femora with only I strong pv near base,

but with 5 rather strong ad (which are weak in male) in basal half, mid-tibiae

MUSCIDAE 339

with 2 ad and 2 pd; hind tibiae without pv setulose hairs, but with a rather

strong av seta, which is entirely absent in male, and with 2 strong ad and pd.

v-m much beyond apex of 7,, at three-fifths of discal cell. Halteres pale

ferruginous.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., Cedar Forest, x.34

(F.W.E.), 3 type; Kinangop, vi.30 (Turner), 1 2 paratype.

Antholimna Emd.

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 255.

9. Cruciate interfrontal setae absent. Parafrontalia distinct, with several

inclinate lower and two reclinate upper frontal setae, the latter slightly bent

outward and the posterior one stronger (Fig. 2). Frons protruding anteriorly

by width of antennae. Vibrissae level with mouth-margin, face somewhat

concave. Arista short-plumose. Three s¢f/ in a triangle, the upper side of which

is somewhat longer, the posterior one somewhat shorter than the anterior side.

Prosternum, propleural depression, pteropleura, hypopleura and ventral surface

of scutellum bare. Abdomen oblong-oval, somewhat depressed. Hind tibiae

without a fd seta and without a fu spur. Costal spine longer than r—m, spicules

normal (Plate X, Fig. 2); ventral surface of costa hairy, the other veins wholly

bare; sixth vein distinctly reaching margin. Lower calyptra only slightly longer

than upper one, but conspicuously projecting, its inner margin strongly

diverging from lateral margin of scutellum.

Genotype: Antholimna elgonia sp. n.

The generic name indicates the somewhat intermediate characters of the

species between Limnophora and the Anthomyiinae; the bare ventral surface

of the scutellum and the absence from the hind tibiae of a pd seta being charac-

ters of the former, the general appearance and the complete sixth vein such of

the latter. Though the male is not known, the classification adopted here for

both sexes requires the creation of a new genus. There is no doubt that the

male, too, will show all the characters used in the key.

Antholimna elgonia Emd. °

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 257.

Length, 5:1 mm.; of wings, 5:3 mm.

Head fuscous, densely grey dusted, the parafrontalia brownish-grey dusted,

the parafacialia with a large spot of blackish reflections at base of antennae

(Fig. 2), the interfrontalia black with brown reflections. Eyes with sparse, very

short hairs. Frons very slightly narrowed to middle and a trifle widened to

vertex, more than two-fifths the width of head; sides of face somewhat concave,

rather strongly diverging to lower margin of eyes; parafrontalia conspicuous,

one-quarter to one-third the width of the interfrontalia, very slightly widened

340 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

from middle to hind end, with three inclinate setae. Inner verticals and ocellars

long, the latter reaching fore margin of frons, outer verticals rather long, post-

verticals and the converging single pair of occipitals conspicuous though not

long. Occiput with two rows of setulae behind the occipital row. Antennae

fuscous, the pollinosity brownish, third joint two-and-a-half times as long as

wide, almost reaching level of lower eye-margins,-falling short of mouth-margin

by its own width and of lowest point of jowls by twice its width; arista short-

plumose, as wide, including plumosity, as the third antennal joint. Parafacialia

slightly narrower than, jowls twice as wide as, third antennal joint. Palpi

fuscous, slender.

Tic. 2.—Antholimna elgonia Emd., 2. Lateral view of head and thorax.

Thorax light brown, cinereous dusted, the humeral calli paler and trans-

lucent, between the dc with a pair of brown vittae, which diverge on posterior

half in the direction of the lateral scutellars though they do not encroach upon

scutellum; another brown vitta on either side between the de and prst, 1a and

postalars; the scutellum with a brownish shadow on disc, the pleurae with

shifting brown reflections. acr small, hairlike, before suture in 2-3 irregular

rows, more numerous towards scutellum, none of them appreciably stronger;

the following setae (Fig. 2) are strong: 2+3 dc, 2 humerals, 1 ph, 1 pyrst,

the anterior post ia, 2 notopleurals, the anterior postalar; very strong are:

I sa, the posterior (interior) postalar and the two pairs of scutellars; scutellum

MUSCIDAE 341

setulose above ; propleural and prostigmatal setae moderately strong, surrounded

by some setulose hairs, the lower prostigmatal curved downward. The posterior

stpl very strong, the lower one moderately strong.

Abdomen fuscous with ferruginous-translucent tip, densely cinereous-dusted,

each segment with a pair of roundish, brown-dusted spots, which are very small

on the fourth; oblong-oval, pointed at apex, the first two segments each with

a lateral discal and a lateral marginal, third with a lateral discal and a lateral

and dorso-lateral marginal, fourth with a lateral and dorso-lateral discal and

some strong setulose hairs along hind margin.

Legs pale brown with more or less infuscate coxae and browned femora,

the fore femora fuscescent in middle of posterior surface, coxae and femora

rather conspicuously dusted. Front femora with a complete row of 7-8 strong

pd and pv setae, front tibiae with a moderately strong fv and a small ad just

beyond middle; mid-femora with some short a setae in basal half and a single

somewhat stronger one at apical sixth, 2 weak pv near base, and a p and pd

preapical, mid-tibiae with a strong ad and pd at middle and at apical quarter,

and a rather strong fv at apical third; hind femora with a fine av beyond basal

quarter and a strong one near apex, a complete row of five strong ad, no pu,

and a p and fd preapical, hind tibiae with 2 strong ad near middle and 2 not

very strong av near apical third.

Wings (Plate X, Fig. 2) greyish-hyaline, slightly smoky, the longitudinal

veins testaceous, the transverse ones fuscous, y-m with a large roundish, and

m—m with a band-shaped, dark suffusion. 7—-m at middle of discal cell, 744; and

m conspicuously diverging at apex. Calyptrae greyish-hyaline with testaceous

border and pale-yellow fringe. Halteres testaceous-yellow.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 2 type.

Ecliponeura Emd.

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 256.

Eyes of male rather narrowly, those of female broadly separated. Cruciate

interfrontal setae absent. Parafrontalia distinct, with several inclinate lower

frontal setae and, in female, with 2 backwardly and outwardly bent upper

frontal setae. Frons protruding anteriorly by more than width of antennae.

Vibrissae level with mouth-margin. Arista plumose. acy -hairlike, scutellum

with fine, short, erect pale hairs on ventral surface. Three s¢p/ in an almost

equilateral triangle. Prosternum, propleural depression and hypopleura bare,

pteropleura usually with a few setulose hairs on and below infrasquamal ridge.

Abdomen in both sexes elongate-oval, almost as high as wide, fourth tergite

of male as long as third, enclosing apex of abdomen but for a rather narrow

caudo-ventral strip, in which the hypopygium is visible. Hind tibiae with 1

pd seta. Costal spine and spicules between / and the spine very long (Plate X,

IT, 6 (b)

342 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fig. 3), several of them at least twice as long as y-m; ventral surface of costa

haired to beyond apex of 7,, the other veins wholly bare, sixth vein not quite

reaching margin. Lower calyptra longer than upper one, conspicuously pro-

jecting, its inner margin strongly diverging from lateral margin of scutellum.

Genotype: Ecliponeura spinicosta sp. n.

The general appearance of this genus is decidedly anthomyiine, and the

ciliate ventral surface of the scutellum corroborates this affinity, but the sixth

vein is not complete, and by many keys Ecliponeura spinicosta would be

identified as belonging to the Phaoniinae.

Ecliponeura spinicosta Emd. 3°

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 257.

Length, 4-9-7 mm.; of wings, 4-8-6 mm.

3g. Head black, densely brownish-grey dusted with brown and blackish

reflections, the occiput less densely dusted, interfrontalia velvety-black with

slight brownish reflections. Eyes finely haired, the hairs not very long nor very

dense. Frons strongly narrowed to beyond the inclinate setae and not quite

as strongly broadened to vertex, about one-sixth to one-seventh the width of

the head, interfrontalia as wide in front as at hind end of frontal triangle;

sides of face almost straight, moderately diverging to lower margin of eyes,

where it is approximately four times as wide as frons at narrowest point;

parafrontalia distinct, very narrow in posterior half, strongly widened from the

uppermost of the c. 4-7, somewhat unequal inclinate setae to base of antennae.

Inner vertical long, outer vertical and postverticals rather long and con-

spicuous, ocellars strong and long, almost reaching anterior margin of frons,

slightly diverging. Occiput with several irregular rows of strong black setulae

behind occipital row. Antennae black, pollinosity black with brown reflections,

third joint two-and-a-half times as long as wide, slightly passing level of lower

margin of eyes, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width and of lowest

points of jowls by twice its own width; arista plumose, the longest rays as long

as the diameter of the third antennal joint. Parafacialia slightly wider than,

jowls more than twice as wide as, third antennal joint. Palpi black, slender.

Thorax black, brownish-grey dusted, with a pair of short dark vittae, which

do not reach far beyond suture, to the inner side of the dc, and a pair of broader,

almost complete dark vittae over ph, prst, 7a and sa, which leave only a narrow

vitta of pale dust along the outer side of the dc. acy in about 6 irregular rows,

usually no stronger prsc pair; the following setae are very strong: 2+3 dc,

2 7a, 2 humerals, 1 ph, 1 prst, 2 notopleurals (the posterior less strong),

I sa, 2 postalars, and 2 scutellars; fra absent; scutellum setulose above; pro-

pleural and prostigmatal setae strong, surrounded by some conspicuous

setulose hairs. Lower stfl weaker, posterior stronger than anterior one.

MUSCIDAE 343

Abdomen black, densely and uniformly cinereous-grey dusted, only the

bases of the largest setae with a brown dot, hair rather strong and _ short,

appressed, each segment with a discal and a marginal transverse row of setae,

the former indistinct on the basal two segments, except at sides, the rows

consisting each of about Io-12 setae. Lobes of fourth ventrite small, wide at

base and somewhat overlapping each other interiorly.

Legs piceous-black, greyish dusted, the tibiae translucent dull reddish-

brown. Front femora with a complete row of about 8 strong pd and about

10-12 long and strong av, front tibiae with an ad and pv submedian seta;

mid-femora with the setae rather short, only the , pd and ad preapical and

about 4 fv in basal half rather strong, mid-tibiae without av or pu but with

2 ad and fd setae; hind femora with 6-7 rather strong ad and av, only

1-3 stronger pv near basal third and a rather strong ad, p and pd preapical,

hind tibiae with I av (sometimes a smaller one basad of it), 2 ad and, just

before middle, 1 fd seta (in one specimen a second smaller fd not much

beyond the normal one), without a pv spur.

Wings (Plate X, Fig. 3) rather smoky, especially towards front margin and

base, veins brown with testaceous base, 7m and m—m with a broad, dark

suffusion, that of the former roundish. 7-m conspicuously beyond level of apex

of 7,, beyond middle of discal cell, 7,:, and m distinctly though shortly diverging

at apex. Calyptrae whitish-hyaline with whitish to brownish-white border and

fringe. Halteres pale ferruginous.

©. Frons at vertex not quite, at base practically, half as wide as head,

parafrontalia not quite half as wide in middle as interfrontalia, setae of head,

especially the outer verticals, stronger than in male. Parafacialia and jowls

slightly wider. Pollinosity somewhat paler and therefore more conspicuous,

mid- and hind tibiae largely ferruginous to reddish-brown. Discal setae of

abdomen less numerous and less conspicuous.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., 26.x.34 (.W.E.),

6 type, 22 5, 5 2 paratypes (J. Ford); 1 g, 1 2 paratype, 12,000 ft., 30.x.34

(F.W.E.), 8 3, 6 2 paratypes, 13,000 ft., 29-30.x.34 (J. Ford), 2 2 paratypes;

_ Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., 28.x.34 (F.W.E.), 4 3, 5 2 paratypes.

Emmesomyia Mall.

1917, Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 12 : 113.

In the key to this genus (1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 258-260) some improve-

ments have become desirable on p. 259. In paragraphs 8 and 9 the arista-

character should be given first place, and in paragraph 9 “as a rule”’ should

be inserted in front of ‘‘bare’’. At the end of paragraph 16 the following

sentence should be added: ‘‘Hair of arista longer, that of the ventral surface

longer than basal diameter of arista; third antennal joint broader.’’ And at the

344 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

end of paragraph 17: “‘ Hair of arista very short; the ventral hairs not longer

than basal diameter of arista.’’ I have now obtained in exchange from the

Hungarian National Museum, and checked, female paratypes of E. maculithorax

Stein, and the “?”’ in front of this name should therefore be deleted.

[Emmesomyia propleuralis Emd. ¢ 9]

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 258.

Length, 6-4 mm.; of wings, 6-0-6-3 mm.

Head black, densely whitish-grey dusted with slight blackish reflections,

upper two-fifths of occiput black with brown dust, interfrontalia black. Eyes

practically contiguous, the parafron-

talia linear from vertex to three-

SA < fifths, interfrontalia visible only in

Loy less than anterior third, elongate-

triangular, cruciate interfrontal setae

absent, one inclinate and one pro-

clinate frontal seta on the para-

frontalia opposite the two extremities

of the interfrontalia; fronto-facial

strip strongly dilated with almost

straight sides from the inclinate seta

to lower margin of eyes, where it is

almost two-thirds as wide as head

at its widest point. Verticals and

postverticals indistinct, — ocellars

rather small. Antennae fuscous with

some greyish reflections, third joint

1G. 3.—Emmesomyia propleurvalis Emd.

Lateral view of thorax. p, propleural two-and-a-half times as long as

depression; pt, pteropleural hairs. : : :

: ER ane ee wide, reaching level of lower margin

of eyes and almost reaching mouth-margin; arista testaceous at base, plumose,

the longest rays on basal fourth and not much shorter than diameter of third

antennal joint. Parafacialia almost linear, except near base of antennae; jowls

almost one-and-a-half times as wide as third antennal joint. Palpi piceous with

brownish base, slightly clavate.

Thorax (Fig. 3) black, densely whitish-grey dusted, with a pair of diverging

black presutural spots, which are connected in front and are obliquely truncate

behind, their inner end lying half-way between first and second dc and their

outer end reaching level of frst; a broad, black, brown-dusted transverse band,

reaching from suture to beyond second fost dc, connects the bases of the wings,

a similar band occupies most of the scutellum except apical third. acr rows

with three stronger prst acr (the middle one the strongest), more distant from

MUSCIDAE 345

each other than from the dc rows, the space between the rows beset with

3-4 irregular rows of setulae; frsc pair distinct; 2-+3 strong dc, 2 post ia,

the anterior one of them weak, pra strong, as long as the first post dc, sa very

long and strong, scutellum setulose towards sides and apex, with 2 pairs of

long setae and a pair of distinct preapicals. Propleural depression (Fig. 3, “‘p.’’)

with a group of fine, erect, black hairs, upper propleural and prostigmatal

rather strong, lower ones rather weak, curved upward. 1-2 stpl, the anterior

one moderately strong, the posterior one very long and strong, the lower one

close to the latter and not quite as long and strong. Pteropleura with a group

of setulose hairs above.

Abdomen black, with the basal two segments partly brownish translucent

and the anterior ventrites testaceous, densely grey dusted with a narrow brown

median vitta; the latter is incomplete and dilated to base on first segment,

on the second to fourth segments it forms part of a large transverse brown

patch, which extends from base to two-thirds near median line and to one-half

on sides, the latter remaining narrowly grey. First segment with the usual

lateral fan very long and strong, and first to third segments each with a marginal

row that consists of a strong sub-lateral seta and 3-4 rather weak setae between

it and median line, fourth segment with two pairs of strong marginals, fifth

with 2 pairs of rather strong setae and a few erect hairs. Fourth ventrite

| oblong with the lobes as long as the rest of the ventrite and each one as wide

| as the excision between them, their margin finely and densely haired.

| Legs very long and slender, especially the mid (and probably the lost hind)

| ones. Front coxae whitish yellow, pale yellow dusted, the tibiae testaceous

with infuscate tip, posterior coxae and the femora and tarsi piceous. Front

femora with 9-10 fine pv and a row of slightly more small fd, of which the

apical two are somewhat stronger, front tibiae with a moderate pv slightly

beyond middle; mid-femora with a small pv seta near base and a well-developed

p preapical, mid-tibiae with a p seta at basal quarter and just beyond middle

and a small fd at two-thirds.

Wings slightly smoky, the veins fuscous with paler bases. Costal spine

absent, 74;, with a few minute setulae at base, the other veins bare. 7,;,; and

m somewhat diverging at apex, the former ending very slightly before wing-tip,

| and only because its apex is somewhat upcurved. 7-m conspicuously before

, level of apex of 7,, at three-fifths of discal cell. Calyptrae rather large, hyaline

| with pale yellow border. Halteres pale yellow.

9. Frons almost parallel-sided, narrower than one eye (though very slightly

if measured), one-and-a-half times as long as wide, parafrontalia one-fifth the

width of the interfrontalia in middle, with 2 inclinate, I strong proclinate and 2

(the anterior one weak) reclinate setae. Postverticals and inner and outer

verticals rather strong. Parafacialia almost half as wide at narrowest point

as third antennal joint; jowls as wide as it. Humeral callus brownish-orange,

346 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

presutural black spots passing second dc and pyrst, the postsutural band

reaches the third post dc; scutellum more pointed, the apical two-fifths

brownish-orange translucent ; 1-1 s¢tpl. Abdomen brownish-orange with narrow

black hind margins of the segments; (the right half of the first and the basal

half of the second segment are irregularly blackish in the paratype, on these

blackish parts the whitish dust is much more conspicuous). Legs moderately

slender, front coxae, base of front femora suffusedly, basal half to three-fifths

of mid-femora and the whole of the hind femora brownish-orange, tibiae rather

conspicuously infuscate; mid-femora with p and fd preapicals; hind femora

with 5 av setae in apical half, the 2 penultimate ones moderately strong,

the others fine, 3 ad and 2 d about last third and a fd preapical, hind

tibiae with 2 strong pd, 3 rather strong ad and, at three-fifths, I av. 7445

and m somewhat converging before apex, but the extreme apex sub- par

as both are somewhat upcurved.

UGANDA: Jinja, 19.vill.30 (E. G. Gibbins), 3 type, B.M. 1930—595; Buunga,

20.v.26 (G. L. R. Hancock), 1 2 paratype. Seen from: BELGIAN Conco: Eala,

vii.36 (J. Ghesquiére), I &.

A headless male from S. NIGERIA: Oshogbo, 30.vili.to in house Ga E.G.

Mayer) is identical to the smallest detail with the Jinga one. The hind femora

are piceous with the basal two-fifths testaceous, the hind tibiae brownish

testaceous. On somewhat more than the basal half an a and pd row of about

I5 small setae is present (the fd ones being finer and somewhat longer),

between it and the apex there are 4—5 stronger ad setae, at three-fourths one

pd and before apex a # seta, the av surface with a very small seta near basal

third, a somewhat stronger one near middle, and 4 rather strong ones from

there to apex, the fv surface with about 8 fine and closely placed setae

near apex, one of which is stronger, hind tibiae with 2 strong pd, 3 rather

strong ad and, at two-thirds or three-fifths, 1 rather strong av seta.

Emmesomyia longipes Emd. ¢

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 258

Length, 7-2 mm.; of wings, 7°5 mm.

Head black, Gi, whitish-grey dusted with a blackish spot below base

of antennae and behind vibrissae, upper two-fifths of occiput black with brown

dust, interfrontalia dark rufous-brown. Eyes practically contiguous, the para-

frontalia linear in upper two-thirds, interfrontalia visible only in less than

anterior two-fifths, elongate-triangular, 1 strong inclinate and 1-2 small

pro- and inclinate setae on the parafrontalia behind the front and before the-

hind end of interfrontalia; fronto-facial strip strongly dilated, with the sides

almost straight and rounded only in lowest part to lower margin of eyes, where

it is more than two-thirds as wide as head at its widest point. Verticals and

MUSCIDAE 347

postverticals weak and subequal but rather distinct, ocellars rather weak.

Antennae fuscous with fine greyish pile, third joint almost thrice as long as

wide, reaching level of lower margin of eyes and almost reaching mouth-margin ;

arista fuscous, brown near base, short-plumose, the rays being of rather equal

length and becoming conspicuously shorter only in apical third, the longest

rays half as long as diameter of third antennal joint. Parafacialia a third as

wide in middle as, jowls slightly wider than, third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous,

slightly clavate.

Thorax (Fig. 4) brownish-

ferruginous, pale golden dusted

with silver-white dusted pro-

pleura and anterior half of

mesopleura; with a pair of

diverging blackish-brown pre-

sutural spots, which are con-

nected in front, reach the

postsutural band in the dc

rows and slightly pass the prst

exteriorly, and with a broad

postsutural band, which con-

nects the bases of the wings

and almost reaches the third

post dc; scutellum blackish-

brown, gradually turning

ferruginous at apex. acr small,

in 3-4 irregular rows, the

exterior rows without stronger lmm

setae, as far from each other as

from the dc rows; prsc distinct ;

2+3 strong dc, I strong 1a

between level of second and

third post dc; pra_ strong

(though shorter than the first ae: Cee apr feneines eae.

post dc), sa very long and

strong, scutellum setulose towards sides and apex, with 2 pairs of strong

setae and a pair of distinct preapicals. Upper propleural and prostigmatal

rather strong, lower ones rather weak, curved upward. 1-4-2 stpl, the anterior

one strong, the posterior one very long and strong, the lower one close to the

latter and not quite as long and strong. Pteropleura with a group of setulose

hairs.

Abdomen black, yellowish-grey dusted, with the basal part of sides and a

large, long spot on median part of first segment brownish ferruginous and

348 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

devoid of dust, second to fourth segments each with a large, dark-brown dusted

transverse patch that forms a rather broad median vitta and recedes gradually

from hind margin so as to occupy not much more than half the length of these

segments at sides, fifth segment and hypopygium ferruginous, the former pale

yellowish dusted in apical half. First segment with the usual lateral fan very

long and strong and first to fourth segments each with a marginal row consisting

of a strong sublateral seta and, on the first and second segments 3-5, on the

third and fourth 2, weaker setae between it and middle, fifth segment on

either side with 4-5 strong setae, one of which is inserted close to hind margin,

and with some erect hairs. First and second ventrites elongate, fourth ventrite

deeply bilobed, the lobes longer than the rest of the ventrite, and each lobe

hardly more than half as wide as the basal part of the excision, the latter

somewhat narrowed to apex, the lobes shining and sparsely setulose.

Legs very long and slender, especially the mid and hind ones. Front coxae

ferruginous, densely whitish dusted, posterior coxae ferruginous, thinly dusted,

rest of legs piceous, except for the base of the front tibiae and the hind and,

to a less extent, mid-femora, which are ferruginous-translucent, base of the

posterior tibiae narrowly ferruginous-translucent. Front femora with 10-12

rather short pu setae and a row of about 14 very short fd setae, front tibiae

with a strong, but not very long pv seta somewhat beyond middle; mid-

femora with 2 small erect pu setae in basal third, a strong p and a rather

weak pd preapical, mid-tibiae with a rather strong p seta at basal fourth, a

somewhat weaker one slightly beyond middle, and a small pd at three-fifths;

hind femora with 4-5 small av setae and a somewhat stronger av preapical,

a row of (about 15) very small ad setae from base to middle which is continued

to apex by 4-6 much stronger setae, a strong d seta at two-thirds, 5-6 fine,

moderately long # setae in basal half, and a strong p and fv preapical, hind

tibiae with two long and strong fd, a short but strong av somewhat beyond

two-thirds, and 3 not very long ad setae.

Wings strongly yellowish-smoky, the veins fuscous. Costal spine absent,

7,,, with a few minute setulae at base, the other veins bare. 7,,, and m slightly

converging at apex; 7-m almost level with apex of 7,, at two-thirds of discal

cell; m-m strongly oblique and rather strongly bent outward in its anterior

two-thirds. Calyptrae large, strongly yellowish-smoky. Halteres pale yellow.

UcanbA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

Emmesomyia tarda Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 11: 559.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3; Kilembe,

4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 g.

MUSCIDAE 349

- Typical locality: Narat: Durban.—In B.M. from AsHanti: Dunkwa

(Malloch det.). Seen from GoLp Coast (G. S. Cotterell). KENyA: Ngong (Miss

Steele, in Coryndon Mem. Mus.). Natat: Sarnia, vili.13. 12 (““Pegomyia tarda

Stein, Stein det.’’, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest). This specimen is

labelled “‘typus”’ but cannot be the type, which was from Durban, 20.vii.o2.

I have not been able to find any character other than that stated in the

key, for the distinction of tarda and micans, and I have seen no specimen of

the latter, other than the type of africana Mall. The same character was used

by Malloch for the distinction of tarda and africana, the latter being from

N. Nigeria, whereas micans is described from N, Cameroons.

Emmesomyia ignobilis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 11: 553.

syn. Fhodesina ignobilis Mall. 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 424.

UcGanpa: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3; Kyarumba, 4500 ft.

(D. R. Buxton), 1 g.—Typical locality (of Stein’s and Malloch’s ignobilis):

RuopesiA: Chirinda Forest (see Bull. ent. Res. 32: 258).—In B.M. from typical

locality and Nara: National Park, 11.32 (Miss A. Mackie).

The Ruwenzori males have the palpi fuscous, the dark pattern of the thorax

not very distinct, and the abdomen largely pale, though the third or second

to fourth segments are infuscated by post-mortal rot. Two males: S. RHODESIA:

Umtali District, Vumba Mts., xii.36 (Major Drysdale), and PortuG. E. AFRICA:

Melsetter District, Inyamadzi River, 25.v.39 (W. L. Williams), show the same

characters, whereas Stein describes the palpi, mesonotum and abdomen of the

male as stated for the female. Malloch’s female type as well as two females

from S. RHOpEsIA (Vumba Mts., 11.38, and Inyanga, 31.1.39), collected by A.

Cuthbertson and sent in by him together with the two males from S.E. Africa,

fit Stein’s description perfectly and are identical with Malloch’s type. I consider

these males and females conspecific and the coloration of the male somewhat

variable. The female from Natal has the apex of all the femora more con-

spicuously infuscated than the others; its palpi are pale.

Emmesomyia nigrolutea Mall.

zig21, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 423.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, 10,500—11,000 ft., x.34 (.W.E. and

J. Ford), 2 8; Mt. Kinangop, 8000-go000 ft., 25-28.x.34 (F.W.E. and J. Ford),

64,42 (151 Cedar Forest) ; 13,000 ft., on Senecio brassicaeformis or aberdarica,

28-30.x.34 (J. Ford), 2g; Katamayo, 8000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 g, 2 2; Mt.

Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.i.), 2g, 1 2; Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500

ft., 3 d (one on Senecio elgonensis). UGANDA: Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft.,

vili.34 (J. Ford), 1 2; Ruwenzori, Mt. Karangora, ggoo ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, 1 9;

350 RUWENZORI-EXPEDITION

Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-9000 ft., 2 9, 10,500-11,500 ft., 1 9 (D. Rk. Buxton) ;

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3, 2 2; 10,200 ft., 1 9; 11,000 ft., 1 9

(E. G. Gibbins).

Typical locality: S. AByssInIA: “Higo Samula’’? (type in B.M.).—Seen from

KENYA: Kijabe (van Someren); Chyulu Hills, 5600 ft., vi.38 (Coryndon Mus.

Exped.).

In some of the Kinangop specimens and the Karangora male the dark

coloration of the hind femora is rather extended, reaching or passing more or

less considerably the middle. None of the specimens has the abdomen as largely

red as the type, but in the Bulambuli female the first segment is largely testa-

ceous-translucent, and the following each have a pair of transverse red spots

behind. In some of the other specimens these spots are somewhat indicated,

especially on the first segment, but usually the ground-colour of the abdomen

is wholly black. In the male the first segment is often more or less testaceous-

translucent. The specimens from Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., are somewhat

teneral, the abdomen of these males being largely brownish-translucent, and

this colour affecting more or less largely the thorax of the two sexes.

Since my key to this genus was published Dr. V. G. van Someren has sent

me a female from KENyA: Katamayu, iii.42, in which the femora are wholly

piceous, the abdomen without any red and the usually dark parts of the

mesonotum rufous-brown. In the key this specimen will be traced to nigrolutea

or maculithorax, The hairs of the arista are as long as in the present species,

to which the female probably belongs.

[Emmesomyia marshalli Emd. 3]

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 250.

Length, 3°5 mm.; of wings, 3-9 mm.

Head black, densely greyish-white dusted, upper two-fifths of occiput dark

brown dusted, interfrontalia dull reddish-brown. Eyes almost contiguous, the

parafrontalia linear from vertex to two-fifths, interfrontalia visible only in less

than anterior half, triangular; cruciate interfrontal setae absent, 1 inclinate

and 2—3 pro- and inclinate frontal setae present, all of them very small; fronto-

facial strip moderately dilated with straight sides to lower margin of eyes,

where it is slightly more than half as wide as the head at its widest point.

Verticals and postverticals small but rather distinct, ocellars moderately

strong. Antennae fuscous with cinereous reflections, third jot not much more

than twice as long as wide, falling short by half its width of mouth-margin,

which is level with lower margin of eyes; arista short-haired, the ventral hairs

shorter than basal diameter, most of the dorsal hairs slightly longer than its

1See Scott apud Emden, 1941, Ann. Mag. n. H. (11) 8: 224, note.

MUSCIDAE 351

basal diameter. Parafacialia a third, jowls one and a quarter as wide as the

third antennal joint. Palpi brown (normally fuscous?), hardly dilated to apex.

Thorax fuscous, densely whitish-grey dusted, with a pair of diverging black

presutural spots, which are connected in front and reach the frst and the first

prst dc; a broad, black, brown-dusted transverse band, extending from suture

to beyond second fost dc, connects the bases of the wings; scutellum wholly

fuscous with brown dust. Outer acy rows apparently less distant from each

other than from dc rows, one pair of them long and fine; 2+3 dc, 2 post ia,

pra small but distinct, sa long and strong, scutellum setulose towards sides

and apex, the basal pair of setae moderately strong, the apical one strong,

cruciate; a pair of small discal preapicals. Propleural depression bare, upper

propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, lower ones rather weak, curved

upward. 1-+2 stpl, the anterior one moderately strong, the posterior one very

long and strong, the lower one close to the latter, not quite as long and con-

siderably finer. Pteropleura with a single seta above.

Abdomen black, densely grey dusted with a rather broad median vitta on

the first to fourth segments. Hair rather long and erect, especially on the apical

part of the third and the whole of the fourth ventrite, except for its lobes,

where it is very long and bristle-like; first segment with the usual lateral fan

not very strong, first to fourth each with a marginal row that consists of a

strong sublateral seta and 3-2 setae between it and middle, which become

much stronger towards apex of abdomen, fifth segment with 3 pairs of rather

strong setae. First to third ventrites short, fourth oblong, the lobes two-thirds

the length of the basal part, narrowed and rather strongly diverging to apex.

Legs not very slender, the front coxae, base of femora and the tibiae

testaceous, otherwise browned. Front femora with a row of g pu and about

7 slightly shorter fd setae, front tibiae with a rather short submedian fv seta;

mid-femora with 2 fine pu setae and a rather strong p and fd preapical, mid-

tibiae with 2 small p setae at one-half and two-thirds and a somewhat stronger

pd at three-quarters; hind femora with 5 moderately strong av, a row of about

8 small ad in basal half and 4 stronger ones in apical half, a and a fd preapical

and 2 rather fine pv preapicals, hind tibiae with 2 strong fd, 3 small ad and

I av at three-fifths.

Wings hyaline, veins testaceous. Costal spine indistinct, the other veins

bare. 7,;, and m somewhat diverging at apex; 7m conspicuously before level

of apex of 7,, before three-fifths of discal cell. Calyptrae hyaline, rather large,

the lower one strongly projecting and broadly rounded. Halteres pale yellow.

Nata: Ulundi, 5000-6500 ft., 1x.g6 (G. A. K. Marshall), 3 type (B.M.,

1903-17).

The specimen is slightly teneral, and some of the coloration may in mature

specimens prove to be darker. This species is extremely similar in size and

pattern to Eustalomyia griseopunctata Mall., described from the same locality

352 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and collection, and I was at first inclined to regard the female type of the

latter as abnormal and conspecific. However, besides the 2 fd setae of the

hind tibiae and the seta of the pteropleura, the present species is distinguished

from the one described by Malloch by the entirely different formation of the

lower calyptra.

Anthomyia singularis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11 : 555.

Kenya: Aberdare Range: Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 it., x.34 (F.W.L.), 1 3;

Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 9.—Typical locality:

TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro. Seen from KENyA: Kijabe, Kikuyu Escarp.,

7000-8000 ft., 28.xii.11-5.1.12 (W. J. Radford).

Described in Hylemyia by Stein and placed in Emmesomyia by Séguy,

evidently on the strength of Malloch’s note (1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14:

260).

Anthomyia spinigera Mall.

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 270.

Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Kanaba, 7500 ft., 19.xi.34 (F7.W.E.), 42; Mabungo,

6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), i 8.

Typical locality: Kenya: Kikuyu Escarpment, Kijabe, 7000-8000 ft., in

bamboo forest, 28.xi1.11-5.1.12 (W. J. Radford), type and paratypes in B.M.—

Seen or in B.M.. from: TANGANYIKA: W. Kilimanjaro, Ngare-Nairobi, 4000-

5000 ft. (B. Cooper), UGANDA: Kampala (H. Hargreaves). Kenya: Ruiru

(H. C. James); Kabete (G. B. Purvis); Naivasha (H. J. A. Turner); Kinangop

(H. J. A. Turner); Nairobi (van Someren); Ngong (van Someren, Miss M.

Steele); Chyulu Hills, 6Q00 ft. (Coryndon Museum Exped.). BELGIAN CONGO:

Tshibinda (/J. Ogilvie) ; Rutshuru (J. Ghesquiére). ABYSSINIA. SUDAN: Imatong

Mts. (Miss M. Steele).

Anthomyia griseobasis Mall.

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 273.

UcanbDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, I Q;

Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3, 1 2. Kenya: Aberdare Range, Kata-

mayo, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 19.

Typical localities: NataLt: Estcourt and Ulundi; SoMALILAND: Bohotle;

Kenya. In B.M. from typical localities and: S. RHopEsta: Mt. Chirinda, 3800 ft.

(C. F. M. Swynnerton) ; Zimbabwe, nr. Ft. Victoria, ix.31 (J. Ogilvie). BELGIAN

Conco: Tshibinda (7. D. A. Cockerell). KENYA: between Nakuru and Baringo,

xii.11 (H, A. Bodeker) ; Kiambu, vi.30, from ripe coffee berries (R. H. Le Pelley) ;

MUSCIDAE 353

Nairobi, v.30, from vegetable marrow (1. J. Anderson); Nairobi, vi.28 and

_ vii.30 (van Someren); Naivasha, ix.39 (H. J. A. Turner).—Seen from Kenya:

Ruiru (H. C. James); Chyulu Hills, bred ex Warburgia (Coryndon Museum

Exped.). UGANDA: Bwamba Pass (G. D. H. Carpenter). BELGIAN CONGO:

Rutshuru (J. Ghesquiére); Nioka (J. Ghesquiére).

Anthomyia amoena Macq.

1851, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 4: 271.

UcanpDaA: Mbarara, 15.xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3.

Typical locality: Ine pE France.—In B.M. from: SEycHELLES Is. (Mahé

and Aldabra). Portuc. E. AFrica: Lorenzo Marques. W. ADEN PROTECTORATE.

Anthomyia benguellae Mall.

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 272.

syn. Anthomyia sensua Curr. 1927. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 19: 531.

S.W. Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), 1 3, 3 9;

Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.ix.34 (F.W.E.), I 3.

Typical localities: S. W. AFRICA: Benguella, 300 miles from coast (type in

B.M.); of senswa: Nata: New Hanover, Bloemfontein and Pretoria. S.

RuHopEsIA: Umvuma.—In B.M. from Benguella, New Hanover, Pretoria and:

NataL: Ulundi, 5000-6500 ft., Estcourt, Willow Grange and National Park.

ORANGE FREE St.: Ficksburg. S. RHopEsIA: Zimbabwe, nr. Ft. Victoria (/.

Ogilvie). NYASALAND: Blantyre and Zomba. ZULULAND: Mgwavuma. KENYA:

Nairobi. SupAN: W. Darfur, S. Jebel Murra, Dimbiti, 7600 ft., and Kallikitting,

4450 ft. (Miss M. Steele).

This species is apparently closely related with the palaearctic imbrida Rond.,

which has the same type of arista and of the fourth male ventrite. The process

of the latter is, however, broader, rounded at the sides, and truncate at apex.

The dark bands on scutellum (usually) and postsutural part of mesonotum

are in imbrida divided into spots, and the anterior and exterior end of the outer

spots is connected (J) or tends to be connected (2) by an oblique band with

the posterior part of the dark mark at the base of the wings, the abdomen of

the male like that of the female, has almost always no black basal band, even

on the second and third segments, but only three spots. I have not seen ¢mbrida,

procellaris and pluvialis' from the Ethiopian region and identify the ose

from Natal, mentioned by Malloch (1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 273)

1 The genitalia figured and described by Séguy (1929, Encycl. ent. B II, Dipt. 5 : 68-71)

for imbrida and pluvialis apply to the opposite species, the larger ones with two small

spines on the inferior forceps being those of zmbyida (which is rather conspicuously larger),

the smaller ones with one long and one small spine on the inferior forceps being those

of pluvialis.

354 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

under procellaris as benguellae, as the apical production of the fourth ventrite

is more directed forward than ventrad, and as the postsutural band is as in

the latter species.

The male paratype of senswa in the B.M. from Pretoria shows no difference

from Malloch’s type of benguellae, and particularly the thoracic markings and

the lobes of the fourth ventrite are quite as in the latter.

The female paratype of senswa Curr. from New Hanover has the thoracic

markings of the form with divided postsutural band of tempestatum, but the

arista of benguellae and procellaris. The female from Willow Grange, which was

found under fluvialis in the B.M. has the same type of arista and the outer

postsutural spots intermediate between procellaris and tempestatum. They are

probably aberrant specimens of benguellae.

Pegomyia tarsata Ad.

Hydrophoria tavsata Ad. 1905, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. 3: 206 (3).

syn. Pegomyta insignis Stein, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 557 (9 9).

UcGanpDA: Masaka, 13.xi.34 (F.W.E.) I .

Typical locality of tarsata and insignis: S. RHODESIA: Salisbury.—In B.M.

from typical locality (Alex. Cuthbertson coll.) and NATAL: Weenen (H. P.

Thomasset). Seen from Kenya: Ol Donyo Burgoi (F. A. Lewis).

Though the darker pattern of the thorax in the male is not mentioned in

Adams’ description, the synonymy is not doubtful. The second abdominal

segment is said to have a triangular black spot on hind margin, and the third

and fourth segments to be largely black. This blackish coloration is probably

due to some post-mortem influence.

Eustalomyia griseopunctata Mall.

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 265.

Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.) 1 6.

Typicai locality: NataL: Ulundi, 5000-6500 ft.—In B.M. from ABYSSINIA.

Seen from KEenya: Naivasha, vi.36 and vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner).

The specimens from Uganda and Kenya are somewhat larger (4:5-5°5 mm.),

the humeri are black, densely whitish-grey dusted above and the legs entirely

black. In the only female from Naivasha the presutural spots are fused into

a broadly triangular spot, but in the only Abyssinian female they are broadly

separated as in the type. The typical female may be somewhat teneral. The

species was described in Hylemyia, but is better placed in Eustalomyia owing

to its pattern and the subcylindrical abdomen of the male. EF. griseopunctata

has a very interesting double at the typical locality in Emmesomyia marshalli.

-_ ee ee

MUSCIDAE 355

Eustalomyia guttata Emd. ¢

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 264.

Length, 4:8 mm.; of wings, 5-4 mm.

Head black, densely whitish-grey dusted, except on upper two-fifths of

occiput and on a large spot of upper part of parafacialia, which are dark brown

dusted, interfrontalia black with whitish and brownish reflections. Eyes almost

contiguous before apex of frontal triangle, parafrontalia linear in posterior half,

interfrontalia elongate triangular, the hind end very narrow, almost linear, but

distinctly meeting anterior

end of frontal triangle, five

pairs of inclinate frontal

setae, cruciate interfrontal

setae slightly finer, but

quite distinct. Verticals,

postverticals and_ ocellars

fine, though not very short,

indistinct among the upper-

most occipital setulae, some

of which are long and fine.

Antennae black with brown-

ish pile, third joint twice as

long as wide, slightly passing

level of lower eye-margins,

almost reaching mouth-

margin, arista brown with

blackish base, which tapers

rather gradually, very short-

pubescent, the longest hairs

shorter than the basal

diameter. Parafacialia

slightly more than half as

wide as, jowls one quarter wider than, third antennal joint. Palpi black.

Thorax (Fig. 5) black, densely whitish-grey dusted with an extended black

pattern, which is inconspicuously brown dusted: a broad median vitta, which

is rather suddenly narrowed so as to exclude the second prst dc, suddenly

dilated behind suture so as to reach the first and second post dc, and then

narrowed and suddenly discontinued at the prsc; a pair of presutural spots,

surrounding broadly the ph and prst and touching the median vitta at the first

prst dc; a pair of large postsutural spots, surrounding broadly the za, pra and sa,

touching the median vitta at the first post dc, and forming a small black tongue

that extends over the two postalar pores; scutellum black with a narrow basal

Fic. 5.—Eustalomyia guttata Fmd.

Dorsal view of thorax.

356 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

margin along median half whitish-grey dusted; pleurae with a black vitta from

neck along lower part of humeral callosity, upper part of mesopleura, ptero-

pleura and supraspiracular convexity. acy in 2-3 rows, long and fine, a prst

and the prsc pair longer; the following setae very long and strong: 2+3 dc,

2 humerals, an inner and an outer ph, the prst, the anterior notopleural (the

posterior one much shorter), 2 post 1a, the pra (two-thirds as long as first post

dc), the sa, 2 postalars and the 2 pairs of scutellar setae; scutellum setulose

towards sides, with a pair of long and fine discal preapical setae. Upper pro-

pleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, lower ones rather weak, curved

upward, prostigmatals surrounded by some hairs. 1-+2 stpl, the anterior one

not very strong, the others, especially the posterior one, very long and strong.

Abdomen black, densely whitish-grey dusted with a complete black median

vitta and an elongate-triangular patch on front margin near sides of the second

to fourth segments, rather broadly connected along front margin with the

median vitta, fifth segment black and glossy with only slight greyish dust;

subcylindrical, slightly depressed. Hair long and erect, each segment with a

not very conspicuous row of somewhat longer but hardly stronger marginal

setae. Ventrites elongate, fourth with a very short basal part and long and

narrow, subparallel lobes, which are separated by a very large and wide excision,

and the inner margin of which is almost vertically raised.

Legs black and glossy, hardly dusted, rather long and slender, especially the

hind pair. Front femora with about 10 pd and 15 long pv setae, front tibiae with

a fine pu seta; mid-femora with 5 rather strong fv setae on less than basal half,

a small ad and a strong # and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with a small ad at two-

thirds, a somewhat stronger fd at two-fifths and almost two-thirds and a small

p seta just beyond two-thirds; hind femora with about 7 short ad up to almost

middle, 2 very strong ones near middle and 4—5 moderately strong ones from

there to apex, about 7 rather strong av, to short and blunt (accidental in

type ?) pu setae in basal two-thirds, 4-5 fine ones near apex, and a rather

strong f preapical, hind tibiae with 3 strong fd, 4 strong ad, and 2 small av.

Wings somewhat smoky, veins dark brown. Costal spine small, costa bare

ventrad to the lower row of spicules, the other veins quite bare. 74,; and m

conspicuously converging at apex, 7—m slightly beyond three-fifths of discal

cell, level with apex of 7,, m—m somewhat sinuate but not very oblique. Calyp-

trae whitish hyaline, with whitish border, but the fringe brown in exterior half,

lower calyptra rather small, not projecting. Halteres whitish.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., ii.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type.

Eustalomyia africana Ség.

1938, Miss. scient. Omo., 4, Zool. : 368.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., ii.35 (F.W.E.), 1 3.—

Typical locality: KENya: Campi Cherengani, Marakvet, 3000 m.

MUSCIDAE 357

Séguy had seen only the female which, of course, could not suggest that the

male is dichoptic. The pattern of the specimen at hand is exactly as described

by Séguy, except for the presutural spots which are not round, but oblong-oval.

The following discrepancies from the description.must, however, be stated:

the spot of the parafacialia is slightly silky but not polished, the outer verticals

are much shorter than the inner ones. The arista is extremely short-pubescent,

practically bare (“‘pubescent’”’ Séguy), one prst pair of acy is longer than the

others (not mentioned by Séguy), the apical scutellars are subparallel, but their

apices are decussate (“‘soies scutellaires apicales . . . non croisées’’, Séguy), the

median vitta and lateral spots of the abdominal segments are connected by

a dark transverse band along front margin.

Hylemyia R.-D.

Robineau-Desvoidy 1830, Myod.: 550.

The generic name is here used as in Séguy’s Muscidae (1937, Gen. Ins. 205),

and the classification used in Bull. ent. Res. 32: 255-256 is in accordance with

this scope of the genus. Recent studies indicate, however, that the hairy

or bare underside of the costa will probably have to be used as a major

character in the classification as suggested by Collin (1927, Ent. mon. Mag.

63: 131). Most of the species will by this character have to be removed from

Hylemyia.

Hylemyia arambourgi Ség.

Séguy, 1938, Miss. scient. Omo., 4, Zool. : 365.

UcanpDaA: Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.viii.34

(J. Ford), 5 5, 11 2; Bulambuli, 9500 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 2 3, 2 9; Butandiga,

7000 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1 9; Kigezi District, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.1x.34

(F.W.E.), 2 9; Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), I 9.

Typical locality: KENyA: Mt. Elgon, east side, Elgon saw-mill, 2470 m.—

In B.M. from: YEMEN. W. ADEN PROTECTORATE. SUDAN: W. Darfur (Miss

M. Steele). NATAL: Weenen, vii-ix.23 and vi-vii.24 (H. P. Thomasset) ; National

Park, iii.32 (Mrs. L. Ogilvie, Miss A. Mackie). TRANSVAAL: Louis Treichardt,

Mackie). S. Ruopesta: Mt. Chirinda, 3800 ft. (C. F. M. Swynnerton) ; Dombo-

shaya, iii.32, “larva in stems of rapoko (Elewsine coracana) with larvae of H.

andersont Mall.” (A. Cuthbertson). Seen from KENyA: Unoa, Nziu, xii.38

(C. G. McArthur).

A female from N. NIGERIA: Gadan, 26.vii.29 (A. W. Taylor) is very similar,

but the tibiae are ferruginous and the pollinosity is paler grey.

II, 6 (c)

358 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Hylemyia andersoni Mall.

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 263-264.

KernyA: Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., 28.x.34 (J. Ford),

14 g, 29; Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., 26.x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 g. UGANDA: Mt. Elgon,

between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.vili.34 (J. Ford), 1 .

Typical locality: KENyA, north of Mt. Kenya, 8300 ft. (type in B.M.).—In

B.M. from: UGanpaA: Imatong Mts., 10,600 ft., 11.36 (D. R. Buxton), 1 3. Seen

from UGanpbaA: Birunga (G. L. Rk. Hancock).

Hylemyia cilicrura Rond.

1866, Atti. Soc. Milano, 9: 165. :

Ucanpba: Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), 12 3, 9 9.

—Cosmopolite.

Various names have been used for this well-known species by recent sys-

tematic authors, such as Karl (1928, Tierw. Deutschl. 18, Muscidae: 163:

florilega Zett., 1845), Ringdahl (1933, Ent. Tidskr. 54: 24: fusciceps Zett. 1845),

Karl (1934, Zool. Anz. 107: 91: platura Meig., 1826), Séguy (1937, Gen. Ins.

fasc. 205: 82: cana Macq., 1835), and Hennig (1938, Arb. phys. angew. Ent. 5:

281: platura Meig.). The oldest of these names is platura Meig., 1826, but the

description does not indicate which species Meigen described, and the types

belong, according to Stein (1900, Ent. Nachr. 26: 155) partly to clicrura Rond.

and partly to trvichodactyla Rond. Karl evidently intended to choose one of

those typical specimens of Meigen which belong to cilicrura Rond., as the type

of platura Meig., when he wrote (1934, p. 92): “Ich bestimme hiermit, dass

platura Meig. der Name cilicrura Rond. sein soll.”’ If this is to be recognised

as fixation of a lectotype, platura Meig. would be the valid name for cilicrura

Rond. from the point of priority. As calicrura Rond. and tvichodactyla Rond.,

howéver, are the names used throughout the applied entomological literature,

it is certainly most desirable to retain them as nomina conservanda and dis-

regard the obsolete names platura Meig. and liturata Meig. (for trichodactyla),

at least until all the names of still longer standing than 1826 have been checked.

Hylemyia bisciliata Emd. $9

1941, Bull, ent. Res. 32: 266.

Length, 35-46 mm.; of wings, 3°5-4:9 mm.

3g. Head black, densely blackish-brown dusted, the pollinosity pale golden-

yellow on parafacialia, if seen from in front, interfrontalia velvety black with

slight brownish reflections. Eyes separated by approximately two-thirds the

width of the third antennal joint, interfrontalia well developed in their entire

length, somewhat narrower behind middle than the frontal triangle, cruciate

interfrontal setae slightly before narrowest point, small but distinct; para-

MUSCIDAE 359

frontalia linear in posterior half, 3 fine inclinate, no pro- or reclinate frontal

setae. Verticals, postverticals and ocellars small, usually rather inconspicuous

among the occipital setulae, behind the latter a complete though not dense

row of setulae on upper third of occiput. Antennae black to fuscous, with dark

brown pile, third joint not quite twice as long as wide, slightly passing level of

lower margin of eyes, falling short of mouth-margin by about half its width;

arista fuscous, rather suddenly thickened at base, very short-pubescent, the

longest hairs shorter than its basal diameter. Parafacialia approximately as

wide as the third antennal joint ; jowls almost twice as wide as it. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax brassy-black, densely brown dusted, the pollinosity thinner in places,

so that in posterior view 3, 5, or, in some specimens

just behind suture, 7 narrow longitudinal blackish

vittae are more or less visible besides 2 broader vittae

along za and sa; humeri, notopleurae and parts of the

pleurae more greyish-brown dusted, but none of the

pattern very conspicuous, shifting with the light.

acy fine, in 2 rows, the prsc pair and I frst pair

distinctly stronger, 1 ph, 1 prst, both strong, 2+3

strong dc, 0 +2 strong za, pra small but very distinct,

sa very strong; scutellum with 3 pairs of setulae on

dorsum and more numerous setulae and 2 strong

pairs of setae on sides. Upper propleural and prostig-

matal moderately strong, lower ones fine, all curved ee oe

: ; Fic. 6.—Hylemyia bisciliata

upward, the prostigmatals surrounded by some hairs. —Ema., 3. Dorsal view of

1 +2 strong stpl, the posterior one the strongest, the tight hind tibia. Abbrevia-

P tions as in text.

anterior one the weakest.

Abdomen brassy black with dense brown pollinosity, which in posterior view

covers all the dorsum except for a narrow lateral margin and a rather broad

median vitta; depressed, elongate, third to fifth segments gradually narrowed.

Hair long and erect, setulose, setae indistinct except for the lateral fan of the

first segment. Hypopygium moderately prominent, lobes of fourth ventrite

long and narrow, plane, with strong, curved setae along sides.

Legs brassy black, thinly brown dusted. Front femora with about ro short

pd and longer fv setae, front tibiae with a small pv and ad seta; mid-femora

with a few short av setae in basal third, about 6 long and strong fv setae in

basal half, and a # and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 ad, 2 pd and 2 pv setae;

hind femora with about ro short ad setae in basal three-fifths, 4-7 rather

strong ad in apical two-fifths, a rather small fd preapical, and a few stronger

setae towards apex of pv surface, hind tibiae (Fig. 6) with 3-4 strong pd setae

and a few smaller ones between them on apical half, a row of c. 12-14 erect

setae on pv and av surfaces, and slightly fewer but partly much stronger setae

of more unequal length on ad surface.

300 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings rather conspicuously infuscated near base and anteriorly, veins

piceous. Costal spine distinct, not longer than ym, costa with a row of setulae

ventrad to the lower row of spicules from humeral break to apex of 7,, the

other veins bare. 7,;,; and m distinctly converging at apex, 7—-m near two-thirds

of discal cell, m—m moderately oblique. Calyptrae whitish-hyaline, border and

fringe yellowish, lower one much shorter, not projecting. Halteres reddish-

testaceous.

9. Eyes distant by more than their own width, parafrontalia with 2

inclinate, I outwardly and forwardly and 2 outwardly and backwardly curved

frontal setae, almost half as wide before middle as interfrontalia, the latter

with cruciate setae. Abdomen oblong-oval, rather pointed at apex. Mid-femora

with weaker fu setae, hind tibiae with only 3 fd, fewer ad and 3 fine av setae.

KEnyA: Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., 28.x.34 (F.W.E.),

3 type, (J. Ford), 39 3, 16 2 paratypes; Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., 26.x.34

(F.W.E.), 6 3,3 9 paratypes. UGANDA: Kigezi District, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft.,

29.1x.34 (F.W.E.), I g paratype; Imatong Mts., 10,800 ft., 11.36 (D. R. Buxton),

I dg paratype. Also seen from Embu, 20.11.14.

Hylemyia kigeziana Emd. 39°

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 266.

Length, 4:I-5-3 mm.; of wings, 4-4—5:I mm.

o. Head black, densely greyish-brown dusted with fuscous reflections,

especially on the parafacialia near base of antennae, interfrontalia black, some-

times dull reddish anteriorly. Eyes subcontiguous, distant by less than half

the width of the third antennal joint, interfrontalia elongate-triangular, con-

nected with frontal triangle by a short, linear stalk, with 1-2 pairs of very

small cruciate setae, parafrontalia linear in almost posterior half, with about

6 inclinate frontal setae. Ocellars and inner verticals fine but rather distinct,

outer verticals and postverticals fine, the former not distinct from the upper

occipital setulae; behind the latter a complete row of setulae on upper third

of occiput. Antennae fuscous with greyish-brown pile, third joint two-thirds

longer than to twice as long as wide, passing level of lower margin of eyes,

almost reaching mouth-margin, which is hardly produced; arista fuscous, rather

conspicuously thickened at base, short-haired, the longest hairs about a third

as long as width of third antennal joint, hairs becoming slightly shorter towards

apex, much shorter on ventral surface. Parafacialia two-thirds to almost as

wide as, jowls almost twice as wide as, third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax black, densely greyish-brown dusted, with a narrow dark brown

vitta along the acy, which is more or less continued on scutellum, a broader

one along the ph, prst, 1a and sa, and usually a dark brown line along the dc,

this pattern not very conspicuous; the upper part of humeri and the notopleurae

MUSCIDAE 361

paler brownish-grey dusted, the mesopleura and lower part of humeri darker.

acr fine, in 2 rows; 2+3 dc, ph, prst, 2 notopleurals, 2 post ia, sa and post-alars

strong, pra distinct, less to slightly more than half as long as first post dc;

scutellum setulose at sides, with 2 pairs of strong setae and a pair of

fine discal preapicals. Upper propleural and prostigmatal setae moderately

strong, lower ones fine, curved upward. 1-2 stpl, the anterior one moderately

strong, the posterior one very long and strong, the lower one not quite

as strong.

Abdomen black, densely greyish-brown dusted, with a complete darker

brown (less dusted) median vitta, which is extended along front margins of

segments; depressed and subparallel, elongate. Hair rather long and erect,

marginal rows of the first to third segments distinct, though rather fine, that

of the fourth rather strong, fifth segment with some erect setae. Lobes of the

fourth ventrite elongate, narrow, subparallel, separated by an excision of not

quite their own width, beset with bristly hairs which are curved inward in

their apical part and are approximately twice as long as the other hairs of

the abdomen.

Legs black with slight brassy reflections, hardly dusted. Front femora with

about 10 fd and 12 rather long fv setae, front tibiae with a rather strong

submedian fv and, somewhat beyond it, a small ad seta; mid-femora with a

row of numerous short a setae in basal three-fifths, an @ preapical, a p and pd

preapical, and 5-6 long fv setae in basal half, mid-tibiae with a rather strong

ad at three-fifths, a pd slightly beyond middle, and 2-3 small fv setae; hind

femora with 8-10 rather fine ad setae in basal half and 5~7 stronger though

not much longer ones in apical half; 7-9 moderately strong av setae, a few

moderately strong pu near apex, and a # and fd preapical, hind tibiae with

3 strong pd, 4 moderately strong ad, and 2-3 fine av and fv setae.

Wings smoky, veins fuscous. Costal spine and spicules strong, ventral

surface of costa with a distinct row of setulose hairs close to the lower row of

spicules. 7,4, and m very slightly converging before apex, but somewhat

recurved and appreciably diverging at extreme apex, 7-m distinctly beyond

level of 7,, at almost three-fifths of discal cell. m-—mm not oblique, almost straight.

Calyptrae and fringe brownish-white, lower calyptra much shorter than the

upper one, not projecting. Halteres pale ferruginous.

Q. Eyes distant by more than their own width, interfrontalia dull reddish

anteriorly, parafrontalia with 2-3 inclinate, 1 outwardly and forwardly and

2 outwardly and backwardly bent frontal setae, half as wide as interfrontalia,

the latter with 1 pair of strong cruciate setae. Abdomen elongate triangular,

pointed at apex. Front femora with about 7 setae in the fd and fv rows.

S.W. Ucanpba: Kigezi District, Summit of Mt. Sabinio, 11,000—-11,500 ft.,

xi.34 (J. Ford), 3 type, 19 3, 7 9 paratypes; Mt. Mgahinga, 10,000-11,000 ft.,

x1.34 (F.W.E.), 15 g, 5 & paratypes, 11,000 ft., 22.x1.34, 6 g, 7 2 paratypes,

362 : RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

8000 ft., 20.xi1.34, I g, I 9 paratypes; Mt. Muhavura, xi.34, 10,000-2,1000 ft.

(F.W.E.),.1 3, I 2 paratypes, 13,500 ft. (J. Ford), 1 9 paratype; Kanbaa,

7800 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3 paratype.

Three of the males from Mt. Sabinio are conspicuously larger than the other

specimens, their length being 6-0-6-3 mm., that of their wings 5-7-6-2 mm.

The structural characters, however, including genitalia, do not differ.

Hylemyia ventralis Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 135.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 11,000 ft. (HE. G. Gibbins),

16 3, 15 9; Nyamgasani Valley, 12,000-13,000 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 Q; Mt.

Fic. 7.—Hylemyia ventralis Stein, §. Lateral view of abdomen. ‘5”’’ indicates

the hidden 5th (6th) and the fused 6th+ 7th (7th-+ 8th) tergites.

Karangora, 9900 ft. (.W.E.), 2 3; Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulam-

buli, 8000 ft., 7.vi.34 (J. Ford), 1 2; Bulambuli, 9500 ft., 8.viii.34 (J. Ford),

26,3 9. Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500=11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.),

11 g; Alpine Zone, 12,000-13,000 ft. (F.W.£.), 1 g; Aberdare Range, Nyeri

Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E. and J. Ford), 12 3, 9 2; Mt. Kinangop,

10,000 ft., 26.x.34, from Alchemilla sp. (J. Ford), 2 9; from Senecio brassicae-

formis, 1 8; 8000 ft., I g, 2 9.

Typical locality: Kenya: Mt. Kenya, bamboo forest, 2870 m.—In B.M.

from NATAL: Weenen, 2840 ft., vi-vii.23 (H. P. Thomasset).

Stein’s name refers to the erectile ventral fan of setae (Fig. 7), which he

describes as “‘rangée de longs crins dressés en bas”’. The pattern of the thorax

in “‘Chortophila”’ ventralis is described ‘“‘tribus vittis, intermedia angustiore,

plus minusve distinctis’’ and “‘avec trois bandes noiratres peu distinctes’’. The

words angustiore and peu distinctes fit the specimens here regarded as ventralis,

but not the ones thus identified by Malloch, nor his statements on them in his

MUSCIDAE 363

paper of 1924. On the other hand, Malloch’s specimens and words fit perfectly

Stein’s description of ““Hylemyia”’ trivittata, a species which Malloch could not

place. The ventral fan of ventralis is very conspicuous when erected, but can

easily be overlooked when appressed to the ventrites. I have little doubt that

this explains the fact of its not being mentioned in Stein’s description, and

that it will be found in the types of Hylemyra trivittata. Little importance

should be attributed to Stein’s including ¢trivittata in Hylemyia and ventralis in

Chortophila. These genera have never been clearly separated and are now

usually united. Moreover, the aristal hairs which Stein used for separating the

two genera are described in the words “‘seta brevissime pilosa vel distincte

pubescente”’ for trivittata and “seta distincte pubescente”’ (the italics are mine

in both cases) for ventralis.

Hylemyia steiniella nom. n.

for Hylemyia trivittata Stein, 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 132 (non

Pegomyia trivittata Stein, 1897).

HAylemyia virgithorax Stein of Emden 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 266 (nec Stein).

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 9000 ft., 1.xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3.

UcanpbaA: Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1 9.

Typical localities: KENyA: Kijabe (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100 m., and

TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro, upper boundary of forest zone, near Bismarck-

htigel, 2700-2800 m.—In B.M. from KENnyA: north of Mt. Kenya, 6500-7250 ft.,

1g-20.11.11 (7. J. Anderson), ‘““Hylemyia ventralis Stn., det. J. R. Malloch.”

ABYSSINIA.

Though the difference in coloration between this species and ventralis is

striking, the structural characters deviate only slightly, the dorsal hairs of the

arista being somewhat longer in basal third but rather somewhat shorter beyond

middle. The male genitalia are very similar in both forms, but in all the four

males of stemiella the inferior forceps is shorter, its apical part conspicuously

broader, with the outer edge of the apical third straight (distinctly though

slightly sinuate in ventralis) and the inner edge much less sinuate at apical

third than in ventralis. The two forms can, therefore, not be regarded as mere

fluctuations or mutants of one species, nor can they be subspecies, as they occur

together at three of the localities.

Pegomyia trivittata Stein, 1897, has been transferred to Hylemyia by Malloch

as well as Huckett. Hylemyia trivittata Stein, 1914, becomes, thus, a homonym

and must be replaced. Though Stein emphasised the complete absence of a pra

in his two females of virgithorax, I replaced trivittata Stein, 1914, by virgithorax

Stein, 1913, regarding the absence of the fra as abnormal, as I had seen no

trivittate Ethiopian Hylemyia without a pra, and as the present species occurs

in Abyssinia. However, through the courtesy of Dr. A. Sods, I have now been

able to study the type of.H. virgithorax Stein, and this proves to be a species

364 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

which I had not seen, and which in my key is traced to andersont Mall. The

occiput is bare behind the occipital row, and the costa is entirely bare below

the lower row of spicules. The following alterations of the key (1914, Bull. ent.

Res. 32: 265 and 266) become therefore necessary:

p- 265, paragraph 9, delete: ‘“‘ Hind tibiae ... surface”’ and add:

‘‘oa (11a) Mesonotum with three or five narrow dark vittae, one of which, sometimes

restricted to a row of dark dots round the base of the setae, connects the dc

on each side. acy hairs distinct. g: hind tibia not ciliate on pu surface, at most

with some odd fv setulae.”

ro (11) — after “‘slender’”’ add: “9: parafacialia with a conspicuous spot of dark reflections

at level of second antennal segment.”’

p. 266

11 (10) after “rod-shaped ”’ add: “2: parafacialiawithout a spot of dark reflections at level

of second antennal segment.”’

in front of paragraph 12(9) insert:

“Tra (9a) Mesonotum with three rather broad dark vittae, the de lying on a broad pale-

dusted vitta. acy almost absent except towards scutellum. Abdominal segments

with a narrow fuscous basal band. 9: parafacialia without a spot of dark reflections

at level of second antennal segment; hind tibia with about six half-erect pu

setulae. vivgithovax Stein

in paragraph 19(18) instead of ‘‘virgithovaw Stein”’ read “‘steiniella Eemd.”

A single male from the Chyulu Hills, 5400 ft. (Coryndon Museum Exped.)

has the characters of head and abdomen like bisciliata, those of the thorax,

including hind tibiae, like stezniella. It is not composed of several specimens

and may be a hybrid or a species otherwise not represented in my material.

Hylemyia pullula Zett.

1845, Dipt. Scand. 4: 1449.

n. syn. Hylemyia simensis Jaenn. 1867, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 6: 372 (Neue Beitr.

exot. Dipt.: 64).

Specimens of simensis Jaenn. from Natal (in B.M.), identified by Malloch

and fitting Jaennicke’s description, do not differ from British specimens of

(Melinia) pullula Zett., and the two forms are, therefore, deemed synonymous.

Séguy (1938, Miss. scient. Omo 4, Zool.: 366) identified a Hylemvia from Mt.

Elgon as pullula Zett. The specimens from Mt. Elgon in the present material

all belong to ssp. intensa Mall.

Hylemyia pullula intensa Mall. Fig. 8

1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9). 14: 263.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 4 3, 3 &;

Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E. and J. Ford), 3 g, 29; Mt. Elgon,

Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 3, 3 9; Alpine Zone, 12,000-

13,000 ft., 1g. UGANDA: Mt. Elgon, Mutangi, 11,500 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1g, 29.

Typical locality: Kenya: Kijabe, Kikuyu Escarpment, 7000-8000 ft.,

bamboo forest (in B.M.).—In B.M, from UGAnpDA: Imatong Mts., 8000-10,600

ft., 11.36 (D. RK: ‘Buxion), 6.35 4 9.

See

MUSCIDAE 365

Transitional tendencies

towards the typical form

have not been observed in

any of these specimens.

Five flies from KENYA:

Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A.

Turner), however, have the

spot on m-—m only slightly

and gradually dilated and

the suffusion at the base

of 744, indistinct or missing. Tic. 8—Hylemyia pullula intensa Mall., $. Lateral

view of abdominal apex. ‘5 ”’ indicates the hidden

They are; thus, somewhat 5th (6th) and the fused 6th+ 7th (7th-+ 8th) tergites.

transitional. A similar speci-

men from Ngong, ix.46 (V.G. L. van Someren) has been studied more recently.

Hylemyia aurisquama Emd. ¢9°

1941, Buil. ent. Res. 32: 267.

Length, 4-0-5:2 mm.; of wings, 4:3-5:3 mm.

3g: Head black, densely brownish-grey dusted with fuscous reflections, upper

part of occiput and interfrontalia brownish-black, parafacialia with a fuscous

spot near base of antennae. Eyes separated at narrowest point by not much

more than half the width of the third antennal joint, interfrontalia well de-

veloped in their entire length, at least one-half the width of the frontal triangle

in front of the latter, 1-2 pairs of cruciate interfrontal setae distinct though

similar to the 4 pairs of inclinate frontal setae. Ocellars and inner verticals

rather strong and distinct, outer verticals and postverticals not very strong,

the former hardly distinct from the upper occipital setulae; behind the latter

' a complete row of setulae on upper third of occiput. Antennae fuscous with

brownish-grey pile, third joint twice as long as wide, passing level of lower

margin of eyes, almost reaching mouth-margin, which is distinctly produced

and somewhat rounded between the vibrissae; arista fuscous, short-haired, the

longest hairs about a third as long as width of third antennal joint. Parafacialia

almost as wide as, jowls conspicuously wider than, third antennal joint. Palpi

fuscous.

Thorax black, densely grey dusted, with a broad black (brown dusted, as

the other black parts) median vitta between the dc, which reaches apex of

scutellum, a pair of broad lateral vittae which broadly enclose the ph, prst, va

and sa, reach the outer side of base of scutellum and are connected anteriorly

with the median vitta, and a broad pleural vitta from lower part of humeral

callosity over the entire mesopleura (except the region of the prostigmatal

setae), pteropleura and supraspiracular convexity. acy rather fine and long,

306 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

in 2 rows, a prst and the prsc pair conspicuously longer, the following setae

long and strong: 2+3 dc, 1 ph, 1 prst, 2 notopleurals, 2 post ia, the sa, 2 post-

alars, and the 2 pairs of scutellar setae; pra well developed though not quite

half as long as the first post dc, scutellum setulose towards sides, with a pair

of distinct preapical discal setae. Upper propleural and prostigmatal setae

moderately strong, lower ones fine, curved upward, the prostigmatal ones

surrounded by a few hairs. 1-2 strong and long stfl and usually a small

auxiliary one beneath the anterior stPpl.

Abdomen black, densely grey dusted, with a complete black median vitta,

the sides indefinitely and narrowly blackish, and the basal and apical margins

of each segment narrowly dark-brown dusted, fifth segment glossy black, thinly

brownish dusted; depressed

and rather broad, sides parallel

or slightly narrowed from

middle of first. segment, apex

of fourth broadly truncate;

hair not very long, first

segment with a strong lateral

fan, first to fourth each with a

marginal row of 2 pairs of

strong and a paramedian pair

of rather fine setae, fifth with

rather numerous. strong erect

Fic. 9.—Hylemyva auvisquama Emd., 2. setae. Basal part of fourth

Lateral view of abdominal apex. 2

ventrite half as long as_ the

lobes, the latter convex and conspicuously protruding in lateral view (Fig. 9),

the inner edge with dense, erect, fine hairs, the basal half with dense erect,

stout, spiniform setae, the apical half with longer setae.

Legs black and glossy, hardly dusted. Front femora with 10-12 strong pd

and pv setae, front tibiae with a moderate pv and a somewhat smaller ad

somewhat beyond middle; mid-femora with 4-6 rather long pv in basal hali

and a strong p and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with a strong ad at three-fifths,

2 pd at two-fifths and two-thirds and 2 pv at almost middle and three-quarters ;

hind femora with 8 moderately strong and 4-5 very strong ad setae, 6-8 strong

and between them some weaker av, about 4 longer fu setae and a pf preapical,

hind tibiae with 3 strong fd, 4 strong ad, 2-3 rather small av and 4

pv setae.

Wings (Plate X, Fig. 4) smoky, the base up to / bright orange or ferruginous,

veins fuscous with orange. or ferruginous base. Costal spine and spicules strong,

ventral surface of costa bare. 7,,; and m almost parallel at apex, y—m slightly

beyond level of apex of 7,, between middle and three-fifths of discal cell. m—m

strongly oblique and rather sigmoid. Calyptrae, including border and fringe,

MUSCIDAE 367

bright orange to ferruginous, the lower one very short, not reaching apex of

upper one. Halteres pale orange.

9. Eyes distant by more than their own width, parafrontalia with 2-3

inclinate, I proclinate and 2 outwardly and backwardly curved frontal setae,

almost half as wide as interfrontalia, the latter with 1 pair of strong cruciate

setae. Abdomen elongate-oval, rather pointed to apex.

UcannDaA: Kigezi District, Kanaba, 7500-7800 ft., 19.x1.34 (F.W.E.), d type,

7 3, 8 2 paratypes; Mt. Mgahinga, 10,000-11,000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 g, 1 2

paratypes; Mt. Muhavura, 13,500 ft., xi1.34 (J. Ford), 4 2 paratypes.

One poor male from TANGANYIKA: west shore of Lake Manyara, vi-ix.35

(B. Cooper), without mid-legs, may be an aberrant form or specimen of this

species, the frons is somewhat wider, the front tibiae have two rather strong

ad setae, and the base of the wings is dull orange.

Hylemyia metatarsata Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 136.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 12,000 ft., 30.x.34 (F.W.E.),

Sis; Sue:

Typical locality: Kenya: Mt. Kenya, 4000-4100 m., upper alpine prairies

with Senecio arborescens.—Seen from Mt. Kenya, 11,600 ft., ex leaves of Lobelia

satimae (G. L. R. Hancock).

The character of the 2 p/ is, of course, suggestive of Evemomyza Stein, but

the presence of cruciate interfrontal setae in female and the secondary sexual

characters of the male do not occur in that genus.

Hylemyia nyamgasana Emd. 39

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 267.

Length, 3°8-5:5 mm.; of wings, 4-6-6-3 mm.

3g. Head black, fuscous dusted, the interfrontalia with cinereous reflections,

when seen from in front, the parafacialia with an oblique stripe, the jowls and

lower part of occiput with greyish dust. Eyes separated by slightly less or

more than half the width of the third antennal joint. Interfrontalia elongate-

triangular, band-shaped and very distinct behind, cruciate interfrontal setae

rather strong, usually followed by a pair of smaller ones, parafrontalia linear

in posterior third to half, strongly dilated to front end, with 4 inclinate setae

and a few setulose hairs between them. Ocellars and inner verticals long, outer

verticals only slightly longer than upper occipital setulae, postverticals not

very strong, but very distinct, a complete row of setulae behind upper third

of occipital row. Antennae black with fuscous pile, inserted below middle of

eyes, third joint twice as long as wide, passing level of lower margin of eyes,

308 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

reaching mouth-margin, the latter much less projecting than base of antennae;

arista black, practically bare. Parafacialia more than half to almost as wide

as third antennal joint, jowls as wide as third antennal joint or slightly wider.

Palpi black.

Thorax black, moderately glossy, with brownish-grey dust, which is more

conspicuous on dorsal part of humeri and notopleurae and forms a pair of

narrow vittae between acy and dc from front end to middle of postsutural part

and another pair along the outer side of the dc almost to scutellum (the pattern

could also be described: a rather narrow dark vitta along acy, a very narrow

one along dc, and a broad one along ph, 7a and sa); pleurae rather glossy and

very thinly dusted, the propleural depression, anterior part of mesopleura and

sternopleura more conspicuously dusted. acy fine, in 2 rows, a prst pair much

longer than the others, prsc fine; the following setae very long and strong:

2+3 dc, ph, prst, 2 humerals, 2 notopleurals, 2 post 1a, sa and 2 postalars,

the pra well developed, but much shorter than first fost dc and less than half

as long as sa; scutellum with a row of setulae along sides, 2 pairs of strong

setae, a pair of discal preapicals and only 1-2 pairs of setulose hairs on dorsal

surface. Upper propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, lower ones long

but rather fine. 1-+2 very strong stpl, the anterior one slightly weaker than

the two others.

Abdomen black, rather glossy, with greyish dust, which leaves a median

vitta and sometimes narrow margins all round dark, rather short and broad,

depressed, moderately narrowed towards apex and rather broadly truncate.

Hair rather long and erect towards sides, shorter and half-appressed in middle,

first segment with a strong discal lateral fan, first to fourth each with a strong

sublateral marginal seta and 3~—2 weaker marginals between it and middle, these

setae becoming more conspicuous on the posterior segments, fifth with numerous

long, erect setae, fourth ventrite large and convex, rather protruding, with

long, somewhat curved setae on outer surface of apical part and numerous stiff,

pointed, erect, short setae on basal half.

Legs black, moderately shining, with slightly brassy reflections and rather

thin greyish-brown dust. Front femora with 10-12 rather strong pd and about

14 long fv setae, front tibia with a rather strong pv behind middle and a similar

ad somewhat beyond it (sometimes 1-2 smaller ones between it and middle) ;

mid-femora with about 8 rather long av setae in basal two-thirds, g long and

some smaller fu setae (the size gradually decreasing from near base to apex),

a small ad preapical and a strong p and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with 1, seldom 2,

av at three-fifths, 1-2 (—3) strong ad, 2(-3) strong pd and 2(—3) small p setae;

hind femora with 6-8 fine but rather long ad in basal two-fifths, about 6 strong

ad to apex, 8-10 strong av, about Io stronger and weaker pv and a pd preapical,

hind tibiae with 3(—4) strong fd, 4(—5) strong ad, 3 not very strong av and

4-7 rather fine, erect pu setae, decreasing in length towards apex.

MUSCIDAE 369

Wings greyish hyaline, often smoky towards costa, the base to beyond h

strongly infuscated, veins fuscous. Costa bare below ventral row of spicules,

costal spine and spicules well developed, 74; and m subparallel at apex, 7m

about level with apex of 7,, beyond middle of discal cell, the last section of m

longer than the last but one, m—m rather strongly oblique and sigmoid. Calyptrae

greyish hyaline, upper one with dark-brown border and fringe, lower one pale,

much shorter than upper calyptra and not reaching its apex. Halteres pale

ferruginous.

Q. Frons wider than one eye, slightly narrowed behind, as are the inter-

frontalia, with a pair of strong cruciate interfrontal setae, 3 pairs of inclinate,

I pair of proclinate and 2 pairs of backwardly and outwardly bent frontal

setae, outer verticals strong. pra not much shorter than first post dc. Abdomen

oblong-oval, pointed at apex, marginal setae not very strong. pv setae of hind

tibiae smaller and only 3-4 present.

UcaAnbaA: Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley, 12,000-13,000 ft. (D. R. Buxton),

¢ type, 4 3, 25 2 paratypes; Namwamba Valley, 13,000-—14,000 ft. (F.W.E.),

‘I g, 1 2 paratypes, 13,500 ft. (EF. G. Grbbins), 5 3, 7 2 paratypes.

Hylemyia vitticollis Emd.

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 268.

syn. Hylemyia vittithovax Stein 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 131

(non Chortophila vittithovax Stein, 1908).

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 12 3, 49;

above Nakuru, 9300 ft., 6.111.35, on Lobelia aberdarica (F.W.E.), 5 3, 2 2;

Mt. Elgon, Alpine Zone, 12,000-13,000 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 8 3, 8 9, 12,000 ft.,

on Lobelia elgonensis, 9 5, 1 2; Heath Zone, 10,500—11,500 ft., I ¢.

Typical locality: Mt. Kenya, 2870 m.—In B.M. from KENyA: top of the

Aberdares, 9500 ft., 28.11.11 (7. J. Anderson), Malloch det.

Chortophila vittithorax Stein was described from S. Cruz (Canary Islands),

and is very different from the present species (pra small, arista bare, costal

spine absent, etc.). Chortophila and Hylemyia are now usually regarded as one

genus, and the character used for separating them by Stein and by Karl is

certainly quite insufficient. The Ethiopian vwittithorax must, therefore, be

renamed.

Hylemyia eurymetopa Emd. ¢°

1941, Bull. cnt. Res. 32: 268.

Length, 4:8-6:2 mm.; of wings, 5-9-6-7 mm.

6. Head black, pale grey dusted, in certain lights fuscous, especially on

parafacialia near base of antennae, occiput bluish-grey dusted, the upper margin

brownish-grey dusted, interfrontalia dull black, almost velvety. Eyes distant

by more than their own width, even at vertex. Frons slightly but distinctly

370 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

narrowed to vertex, longer than wide, interfrontalia shghtly but distinctly

narrowed behind, with a pair of strong cruciate setae, parafrontalia subparallel,

slightly narrowed in posterior half, with 2~3 inclinate (alternating with a few

hairs), I proclinate and 2 reclinate and outwardly bent frontal setae. Ocellars

and outer and inner verticals strong, especially the latter, postverticals distinct

though not strong; a complete row of setulae behind upper third of occipital

row. Mouth-margin slightly produced though much less than the base of

antennae, straight between vibrissae. Antennae (of female, missing in male

type) fuscous, third joint twice as long as wide, slightly passing level of lower

margin of eyes, falling short of mouth-margin by half its width; arista fuscous,

long, gradually thickened to base, short-haired, the longest hairs about a

quarter as long as the third antennal joint wide, hairs distinct up to apex,

shorter on ventral surface. Parafacialia two-thirds to almost as wide as, jowls

much wider than, third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous. Occiput rather swollen.

Thorax black, dorsum brown dusted with a narrow darker brown median

vitta and a pair of broad darker brown vittae along ph, prst, post ia and sa,

this pattern not very conspicuous, lateral part of the dorsum to the outer side’

of these setae densely pale brownish-grey dusted; pleurae pale grey dusted

with fuscous reflections, the lower part of the humeri, the meso- and pteropleura

and supraspiracular convexity dark brown dusted. acy fine, in 2 rows, I-2

prst and the prsc pair somewhat stronger; the following setae very strong:

2+3 dc, 1 ph, i prst, 2 humerals, 2 notopleurals, 2 post 2a, pra, sa, 2 postalars;

scutellum setulose towards sides, with 2 pairs of strong setae. Upper pro-

pleural and prostigmatal setae rather strong, lower ones rather fine, curved

upward, the prostigmatals surrounded by some hairs. I 4-2 very long and strong

stpl, the anterior one slightly weaker, the posterior slightly stronger than the

lower one; sometimes a small fourth stfl (14-3) present.

Abdomen black, brownish-grey dusted, with a narrow, incomplete median

vitta, some small, partly confluent spots at the base of some of the setae and

hairs less densely dusted; rather short and broad, moderately depressed,

narrowed in apical half, but fourth segment nevertheless broadly truncate,

fifth hardly visible in dorsal view. Hair strong, rather long and mainly erect,

first segment with a strong lateral discal and first to fourth each with a strong

lateral marginal and 3-2 smaller marginals between it and middle, the latter

setae becoming much stronger towards last segment, fifth with numerous long,

strong, straight, erect setae, fourth ventrite with long, somewhat curved setae

in apical half and numerous stiff, pointed, erect, short setae on basal half.

Legs black, moderately shining, greyish dusted. Front femora (of female,

missing in.male) with 8—1o strong fd and fv setae, front tibiae with a pv,

2 ad and sometimes a pd seta; mid-femora with 3-4 long and strong av, a row

of short and strong ad, 2-4 long and strong pv, and an ad, p and pd preapical,

mid-tibiae with a strong av and 2 strong ad, pd and pv setae; hind femora

MUSCIDAE 371

with 5-6 strong (and some weak) av, about 9-12 ad, most of them long and

strong, 3-4 long pv in basal half, a pu and fd preapical, and 1-2 small d pre-

apicals, hind tibiae with 3 strong fd, 4 strong ad, and 1 av at two-thirds

(sometimes 1-2 smaller ones basad of it).

Wings slightly smoky, veins fuscous in apical half, base of wings yellowish

to orange with orange veins. Costa bare beneath ventral row of spicules, costal

spine and spicules rather strong, the former longer than rm. 7,,; and m

subparallel or slightly converging before apex, slightly diverging at extreme

apex, 7m much beyond apex of 7,, slightly beyond middle of discal cell, the

last two sections of m equal, m—m strongly oblique and sigmoid. Calyptrae

yellowish with pale golden to pale ferruginous border and fringe, lower calyptra

very short, not projecting beyond upper one. Halteres whitish-yellow to pale

ferruginous.

? only differing from male by the abdomen which is oblong-oval and strongly

pointed to apex.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

Q paratype, Alpine Zone, 12,000-13,000 ft., 4 2 paratypes (two of them on

Lobelia elgonensis).

Hylemyia edwardsiana Emd. 3°

1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 268.

Length, 5:2-6:8 mm.; of wings, 5-0-6-4 mm.

g. Head black, densely greyish-brown dusted, with slight dark brown

reflections, especially on a small spot near base of antennae on the parafacialia,

interfrontalia velvety black with brown reflections. Frons wider than one eye,

even at vertex, conspicuously narrowed to the latter, longer than wide, inter-

frontalia rather strongly narrowed behind, with a pair of strong cruciate setae,

parafrontalia of equal width, except at extremities, a third the width of the

interfrontalia behind front end, almost one-half their width before hind end,

with 3 inclinate (alternating with some hairs), 1 outwardly and forwardly,

I outwardly, and 1 outwardly and backwardly curved frontal seta (Fig. 10).

Ocellars long, verticals, especially the inner ones, long and strong, postverticals

distinct, though not strong; a complete row of setulae behind upper third of

occipital row. Mouth-margin slightly produced though much less than the base

of antennae, straight between vibrissae. Antennae fuscous, third joint twice

as long as wide, passing level of lower margin of eyes, practically reaching

mouth-margin; arista fuscous, long, gradually thickened at base, short-haired,

the longest hairs about a quarter as long as the third antennal joint wide, hairs

distinct up to apex, not shorter on ventral surface. Parafacialia two-thirds to

almost, jowls one-and-a-half times, as wide as third antennal joint. Palpi

fuscous. Occiput somewhat swollen,

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thorax black, densely pale brownish-grey dusted, with a dark brown,

somewhat suffused, narrow median vitta and a broader, somewhat undulate

lateral vitta along ph, prst, post ia, pra and sa, the pale dust between these

vittae more brownish and less light than outwardly; pleurae grey dusted with

fuscous reflections, the lower part of the humeri, the meso- and pteropleura,

supraspiracular convexity and the anterior part of the sternopleura dark brown

dusted. acr fine, in 2 rows, I pair of stronger prst and the prsc pair conspicuous;

Fic. 10.—Hylemyia edwardsiana Emd., 3. Lateral view of head and thorax.

the following setae (Fig. 10) very long and strong: 2+3 dc, the ph, prst, 2

humerals, 2 notopleurals, 2 post 1a, pra, sa, 2 postalars; a small second ph

in front and inward of the normal pf, usually a distinct small prst 1a; scutellum

setulose except near middle and base, with two pairs of strong setae. Upper

propleural and prostigmatal setae rather strong, lower ones moderately strong,

the prostigmatal surrounded by some hairs. 2-2 stpl, the lower anterior one

moderately strong, the others very long and strong.

Abdomen brassy black, brownish-grey dusted, with a dark median vitta and

some irregular, shifting spots less densely. dusted; rather short and broad,

moderately depressed, evenly and rather conspicuously narrowed from base of

second segment to apex, fourth segment rather broadly truncate, fifth hardly

visible in dorsal view. Hair not very long and mainly appressed, except at

sides, first segment with a strong discal lateral (in the fan), second to fourth

MUSCIDAE S18

each with a moderate (stronger to apex) discal lateral, a very strong lateral

marginal and first to fourth each with 4-2 smaller (stronger and fewer to apex)

marginals between it and middle, fourth, moreover, with a pair of moderately

strong to strong paramedian discals, fifth with numerous long, strong, erect,

straight setae, fourth ventrite convex, protruding, with a row of long, moder-

ately strong setae in outer part of apical half and long, erect hairs on interior

part of lobes, basal half of inner margin of lobes with short, strong, spinelike

setae.

Legs black, moderately shining, with a brassy tinge, thinly brownish dusted.

Front femora with 6-8 very strong fd, a few finer ones near base, and about

12-15 long and rather strong fv, front tibiae with 2 strong pv, 2(-3) pd and

3 ad, the latter increasing in size towards apex; mid-femora with a dense row

of short ad, 4-6 strong and long av in basal three-fifths, 1-2 smaller ones near

apex, an ad and a strong p and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 av, (3-)4 ad,

3 pd and 2-4 pv setae; hind femora with a rather dense row of fairly long ad,

becoming slightly longer in apical half, about 8 strong and rather long av,

about 6 similar pv, a strong fd and 2 small d preapicals, the last of the pu and

av somewhat stronger as preapicals, hind tibiae with 3 strong fd, 4 strong ad,

4-5 strong but rather short and somewhat unequal av and 1-2 (and often a

few small) pv.

Wings hyaline, the base yellow to pale ferruginous, veins fuscous, pale

brown and ferruginous at base. Costa bare beneath ventral row of spicules,

costal spine and spicules strong, the former longer than y-m. 7,,; and m slightly

converging before apex, parallel or very slightly diverging at extreme apex,

vy-m touch beyond level of apex of 7,, somewhat beyond middle of discal cell,

last section of m slightly shorter than last but one. m-—m strongly oblique and

sigmoid. Calyptrae pale orange with orange-yellow border and pale orange to

golden-yellow fringe, lower calyptra very, short, not projecting beyond upper

one. Halteres pale orange.

-2 only differing from male by the abdomen, which is oblong-oval and

strongly pointed to apex.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 12,000 ft., 30.x.34 (F.W.E.),

dg type, 15 5, 8 2 paratypes. In one female only a single av is present on the

mid-tibiae.

EISPINAE

Though I have seen at least ten species of this subfamily from Kenya and

Uganda, only one specimen has been collected by the Expedition. The species

have not been found on the Chyulu Hills by the Coryndon Museum Expedition,

but Dr. Scott and Mr. Omer-Cooper collected a fair number of specimens in

Abyssinia at up to gooo ft. The explanation may be sought in the occurrence

II, 6 (d)

374 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of rivers with a moderate fall at higher altitudes in the latter country owing

to its characters of a plateau.—The adult flies prey largely on the different

stages of Culicidae (Lamborn, 1920, Bull. ent. Res. 11: 279; Evans, 1930, Trans.

ent. Soc. London 78: 325; Cuthbertson, 1937, Trans. Rhodesia scient. Assoc.

35: 23).

In studying Oriental forms recently I have found that the identification

of Lispe kowarzt Beck. from my key (1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 268-272) may

cause some difficulty, as this species is very variable. The coloration of the

fore tarsi (metatarsus black, the rest pale reddish yellow) will enable it, however,

to be separated both from the much larger L. niveimaculata Stein and from

the group of species treated in paragraphs 18—36 of the key. Ethiopian records

may really refer to the very similar Lispacoenosia fulvitarsus Snyder (1949,

Amer. Mus. Novit, 1403: 8), which differs from Lispe by bare pteropleura.

The following synonymy has come to light during the same research work:

L. (ochracea Beck. =) bivittata Stein, (armipes Beck. =) tetrastigma Stein, and

(macfiec Emd. =) geniseta Stein. In addition the following alterations should

be made in the key: on p. 269 in paragraph 4, first line, instead of “?”” read

‘“‘2”’, fourth line delete “*’’, in paragraph ro, fifth line, instead of “‘anterior”’

read “‘ventral’’, in paragraph 11, first line, delete ‘ad and’’, second line, delete

“pd (or” and “?)” insert: “Frons and face of male silvery,” third line, after

“with” read “a pair of faint brown elongate spots on each of the first three

segments and a ventrolateral spot on the fourth.”’. Delete “*’’; on p. 271 in

paragraph 39 delete the first sentence, as it applies to males only, and not even

to all males; on p. 270 in paragraph 26 it should be noted that L. planiseta

Snyder (1949, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1403: 6) from LiBeRIA and GoLp Coast

differs by the presence of a fd seta on the hind tibia and, in the male sex,

by somewhat dilated and lengthened fulvous fore tarsi with a median dorsal

black apical seta which is long and apically much dilated and flattened.

Lispe ambigua Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 545.

KernyA: Aberdare Range, Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), I 3.

Typical locality: AByssinrA: Diredawa. In B.M. from AByssINIA.

FANNIINAE

(Ikey: Bull. ent. Res. 82: 274-275, 1941.)

Fannia setigena Villen.

1916, Ann. Soc. ent. France 85: 150.

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 10,200-12,000 ft. (F.W.E.),

3.3; 2

Typical locality: Ruwenzori, 3000 m.

———

MUSCIDAE 375

Séguy (1937, Gen. Ins. 205:1 62) has included this species in Fanniosoma

Ringd., which he considers a subgenus of Fannia. I have not seen the genotype

of Fanniosoma, which is known in the female sex only.

Fannia fruticosa Stein

1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 195.

syn. ? Fannia babaulti Ség. 1937, Gen. Ins. fasc. 205: 458.

Fannia suturalis Stein:of Emden 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 274.

S.W. Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.34 (f. Ford), 1 9.

Typical locality: NaraLt: Neu Hannover; of babaulti: BELGIAN CONGO:

Kivu, Kadjudju.—In B.M. from Kenya: Naivasha (Turner) and Nairobi (van

Someren). C, ABYSSINIA: Maraquo (Kovacs).

The differences between fruticosa and suturalis, as understood in the key,

are very slight. However, as the formation of the male trochanter is coupled

with a considerable difference in the genitalia, the two forms must be regarded

as separate. They can not be subspecies, as far as my evidence goes, as males

of both forms without transitional features have been found at the same locality

(Naivasha) and in the same month (July). There is, thus, no other possibility

than that of considering them closely allied species. The difference in the posi-

tion of the prsc setae is, of course, slight and evidently not always reliable, but

I have not been able to discover another character which would enable the

females of the two species to be distinguished.

Fannia suturalis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 508.

Fannia fruticosa Stein of Emden 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 274.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Kilembe,

4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2; Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500~7500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9;

Mpanga Forest, 4000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9. Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Forest zone,

8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), I dg.

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro, Arusha-Ju.—In B.M. from: S.

RHODESIA: Mashonaland, Mt. Chirinda; ASHANTI: Obuasi; KENYA: Naivasha

(Turner); Ngong (Miss Steele); Nairobi (van Someren); TANGANYIKA: W.

Kilimanjaro, Ngare-Nairobi, 4000-5000 ft. (B. Cooper). Seen from UGANDA:

Nkokonjero (G. L. R. Hancock).

Stein does not mention the process of the hind trochanters in the male,

but Malloch identified the species with process as fruticosa, and as there was no

evidence to the contrary, I followed him in my key of 1941. Through the

courtesy of Dr. A. Sods I have been able in the meantime to study the types of

both species, and they reveal unfortunately that the names used in 1941 have

to be exchanged, the male type of F. sutuvalis showing the process of the

trochanter, whilst the male type of fruticosa has no trochanteral process.

376 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fannia fasciata Stein

1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 194.

Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft. (J. Ford), 2 9.

Typical locality: NaraL: Neu Hannover.—Seen from KENyA: Aberdares,

Kinangop (H. J. A. Turner); Ruiru (H. C. James). UGANDA: Kampala (H.

Hargreaves, G. L. R. Hancock). S. RHODESIA: Bulawayo (R. H. R. Stevenson).

N.W. RuopveEsiA: Chilanga, on horse (Fk. C. Wood). NyASALAND: Maiwale, from

pupa in chicken manure (W. A. Lamborn). Seen from: BELGIAN CONGO:

Rutshuru, 11.38 (J. Ghesquerre).

PHAONIINAE

The Phaoniinae are calyptrate flies without hypopleural setae and a convex

post-scutellum, in which the sixth vein does not reach the hind margin of the

wing, in which any hairs on the underside of the scutellum are identical with

those of the disc and sides, in which the inner margin of the lower calyptra

diverges from the side of the scutellum right from its base, in which the proboscis

is shorter than the head and provided with well-developed labella, in which

the hind tibiae may have fd and other setae, but never a strictly dorsal seta

beyond middle (in exact alignment with the d preapical), and in which the head

is either holoptic in male or, if dichoptic in both sexes, with a smaller anterior

and a stronger posterior reclinate seta, or if with one reclinate seta only or with

the stronger in front of the weaker one, then the mid-femora with an a preapical.

A key to the subfamilies, where these characters are set out more in detail,

was published in 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32: 252-253.

This is the last and largest subfamily of the Muscidae in the Ethiopian

region, and the material of this group collected by the B.M. Ruwenzori

Expedition is especially important and interesting. The two smaller tribes

Dichaetomyiini and Phaoniini had been worked out before 1943, but owing

to war conditions only the descriptions of the species not collected by the

Expedition and the keys could be published then (1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(11) 9: 673-701, 721-736, Dichaetomyia-group; 1943, lc. (11) 10: 73-101,

Phaonia-group). The aggregates introduced in those papers as “groups” are

now treated as “‘tribes’’, and they are re-defined in the following key.

Oromydaea latifrons Snyder (1949, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1402: 20) from GoLp

Coast (Accra) belongs according to Snyder to this subfamily, though its

key-characters with the exception of the bare pteropleura are those of the

Stomoxydinae. In that subfamily it would be traced to Haematobia Lep.,

Bezzi, whilst in the present subfamily it would apparently have to be classified

near Spilogona. The Haematobia-like mouth parts and the densely and

finely haired facial ridges will easily distinguish Ovomydaea from all African

Muscids.

MUSCIDAE 377

KEY TO THE TRIBES OF PHAONIINAE

1 (6) Metathoracic spiracle without black setulose hairs on lower margin in

addition to the feather-like operculum (Figs. 47,98, etc.), but in Phaonia

ocellavis with a group on hind margin. Pteropleura very seldom setulose,

in these cases (Graueria, one species of Xenomyia—Fig. 47—and some

specimens of Helina subsetosa!) the prosternum bare.

2 (5) Hind tibiae without a single strong pd between three-fifths and the d

preapical (Figs. 11 a and b), but sometimes with a single pd between base

and three-fifths or with several pd. sc almost always sinuate between its

point farthest from costa and its bend towards costa (Pl. X, Figs. 5-12);

if not distinctly sinuate only 3 post dc present or ¢ without v teeth or

spines near apex of fore femora and 9 without proclinate frontal and

cruciate interfrontal setae.

3 (4) Hind tibiae without an ad (in addition to the normal d) preapical seta

(Fig. 11 a) or at most with a small ad preapical which is not longer than

the tibial diameter (whilst the d preapical has about twice that length),

in this case the longest rays of the arista less than half as long as the

width of the third antennal joint. Mid-femora without an a preapical

(except in some minute females with a proclinate orbital seta: genus

Prohydvotaea). pra absent. An auxiliary prostigmatal seta (above the

stronger one) never present. Transverse veins without dark spots

Limnophorini

4 (3) Hind tibiae with a well-developed ad preapical (Fig. 11 b) in addition to

_ the d one, some males with modified hind tibiae without a distinct ad pre-

apical, but then the longest rays of the arista longer than diameter of

third antennal joint and the mid-femora, as in almost all other species of

this group, with a distinct a preapical 0 é . Mydaeini

5 (2) Hind tibiae with a single strong pd, which lies between thive: fifths and the

d preapical (Fig. 11 c). If this seta is indistinct or absent (some Hydrotaea),

the sc not sinuate at all between its point farthest from costa and its bend

towards costa (see Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10, pl. 1, figs. 5-7), 4 post dc

present, the male with one or several v spines or teeth near apex of fore

femora, and the female with a pair of proclinate frontal and of cruciate

interfrontal setae ¢ A : : . : : : . Phaoniini?

6 (x) Metathoracic spiracle with some black setulose hairs (inserted along lower

margin) at least over posterior half in addition to the feather-like operculum

(Fig. 105). Pteropleura and prosternum setulose. Arista long-plumose.

Mid-femora with an a preapical. Hind tibiae with a well-developed ad

preapical in addition to the normal done. pra almost always very distinct.

Dichaetomyiini?

1 This character is also found in the Neotropical genus Neomuscina, a species of which

has recently been found in W. Africa (possibly in an aeroplane), and some of the species of

which have black setulose hairs on the metathoracic spiracle like the Dichetomyiini but

the prosternum bare. See p. 510.

2 The definition and scope of these two tribes are slightly changed here as compared

with those in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 674 and l.c. (11) 10: 75. As a result of this

Graueria is transferred from Dichaetomyiini to Phaoniini. This appears to be the more

correct position (see Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 676) and is more practical from a classifi-

catory point of view as a specimen of Helina (Helinella) subsetosa Curr. has now been

found in which the pteropleura is setulose. Gvaueria will then be traced to paragraph 4 (1)

in the key in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 76), where it differs from the rest of the genera

by the setulose pteropleura and the characters given in the last 7 lines of paragraph I (2)

in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 675.—The correct position of ‘“Phaonia’’ obscurinervis Stein

is doubtful. At least the male might be traced to Mydaeini in this key owing to the smallness

of its pd seta. A note referring to this species will be found in the key to the genera of

Mydaeini, p. 515.

378 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

DEFINITION OF THE LIMNOPHORINI

Among the Phaoniinae as defined in 1941 (Bull. ent. Res. 32: 253) the

Limnophora-group can be recognised in the following way: (a) Distinction from

the Dichaetomyia-group. Pteropleura bare, very seldom with a few fine hairs

in front of infrasquamal ridge, but then the prosternum and wing-veins

bare. Metathoracic spiracle without black setulose hairs. (6) Distinction from

i”

[|.s

[mm. {\ ‘ eel

ie d.

A'S ad.

Fic. 11.—Anterior view of left hind tibia of: (a) Limnophova maculosa Meig.

(b) Helina sepavata Meig. (c) Phaonia evvans Meig. Abbreviations see p. 50.

the Phaonia-group. Hind tibiae without a single strong pd seta between three-

fifths and the d preapical (but sometimes with a fd shortly beyond middle).

sc sinuate in second third, strongly bent forward in apical third, seldom rather

straight with the sinuation of the second third vestigial, but in this case the

female without proclinate setae or both sexes with only 3 post dc; the fore

femora of the male always without preapical teeth or spines. (c) Distinction

from the Mydaea-group. Hind tibiae without an ad preapical (but with the

normal d preapical) or at most with a small ad preapical which is not longer

than the tibial diameter (whilst the d preapical has about twice that length);

in this case the longest rays of the arista less than half as long as the width

of the third antennal joint. Mid-femora without an a preapical. pra absent.

-require important alterations.

MUSCIDAE 379

An auxiliary prostigmatal (above the strong one) never present, though fine

hairs may surround the prostigmatals. Transverse veins never with suffusions.

So far as the Ethiopian material at =

hand is concerned this definition would

remove from the Limnophora-group only

one species which would be included in

it by Collin’s definition (1921, Ent. month.

Mag. (3) 7: 95). This species has pale tibiae,

a strong costal spine, etc., and is obviously

better placed in the Mydaea-group in spite

of its short aristal hairs. Limnophora

semiargentata Villen. would fall in the

Mydaea-group if Collin’s definition is used.!

A considerable number of very typical

Ethiopian Limnophora (with setulose pros-

ternum) have the arista, including

plumosity, much wider than the third

antennal joint, so that Collin’s definition

(and even more so other published definitions)

of the Limnophora-group would in any case

Most authors have considered all the

sections of this group but Camptotarsopoda

as subgenera of the large genus Limnophora.

As one of the principles applied in this series

of papers on Ethiopian Muscidae is reserve

in the recognition of genera, it would seem

obvious to follow this course and to include IS

Camptotarsopoda in the genus. However, pye. 12.—Anterior view of right mid-

the various groups are apparently very leg of Camptotarsopoda annulitarsis

well defined, the whole of Limnophora in the stein d.

wider sense would be a very large aggregate, and some of the forms are so

outstanding in their characters and general facies, that I feel several separate

genera should be admitted.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN GENERA OF LIMNOPHORINI

I (2) Prosternum setulose along side margins (i.e. always more than 2 setulae

present on either side). ph present. 7, bare. Base of 7,,; with one or several

small setulae. : c : : : 5 ; : Limnophorva

1 As for the Palaearctic region, my definition would exclude almost the entire subgenus

Spilogona. Actually the transition from Spilogona to Hebecnema is extremely gradual, and

it seems therefore not desirable to separate those Spilogona without an ad preapical of the

hind tibiae from those with such a preapical. In the keys Spilogona, including semiargentata

Villen., will therefore be found in Limnophorini and also be referred to in Mydaeini.

380 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2 (1) Prosternum bare or only with 1-2 setulae on either side, seldom setulose,

but then the pf absent and 7, with some setules on middle part of dorsal

surface.

3 (10) Normal limnophoroid (i.e. not very slender) forms with a well-developed

ph, no pd on the hind tibiae, unspotted wings (though the wings may

wholly or partly be somewhat smoky), a normal frons, bare pteropleura,

short claws and subequal peristomal setae.

4 (9) Ventrobasal scale! without a marginal fringe, but sometimes with single fine

hairs on disc.

5 (8) Upper part of occiput flattened or slightly concave, glossy black, bare (or

at most with single setules) between the occipital row and the convex part.

Hairs of arista not longer than its basal diameter. sc rather straight.

y-m much beyond middle of discal cell. g: mid-metatarsus with a broad

ventral emargination, beyond which its apex is produced on ventral

surface, or halteres black. 2 sometimes with a pair of cruciate interfrontal

and proclinate orbital setae.

6 (7) Usually 4 post dc. Tibiae often partly creamy-white. ¢: mid-legs modified

(fig. 12), the femora (except in pallipes) between middle and apex with an

a notch, the proximal edge of which is adorned with some strong setae,

the metatarsus curved owing to a broad v emargination, the apex some-

what tooth-shaped and with some stiff setules; halteres pale; frons with

only t pair of inclinate frontal setae, which are strong. @: frons without

cruciate or convergent interfrontal and proclinate orbital setae

amptotavsopoda

7 (6) 3 post dc. Legs wholly black. gj: mid-legs simple; halteres black; frons

with 2 pairs (the upper one minute and rather proclinate in fasciata) of

fine inclinate frontal setae. 2: frons with a pair of cruciate or convergent

interfrontal and proclinate orbital setae (Fig. 33). Sixth wing-vein very

short, its free part about half as long as the distance from its apex to

wing-margin. Species of 2-3 mm. length . : : Prohydvotaea g. n.

8 (5) Upper part of occiput more or less convex, usually greyish dusted, densely

setulose or at least with a not very dense row of conspicuous setulae

between the occipital row and the more strongly convex central part.

d: mid-legs normal; halteres pale. 2: without cruciate interfrontal and

proclinate orbital setae F . Spilogona*

9 (4) Ventrobasal scale (2) with a fringe of setulose hairs (Fi ig. 4), Arista almost

bare (Fig. 42) . . Gymnodia

10 (3) Slender lispoid forms with abnormal characters: either no ph present, ora

submedian pd on the hind tibiae, or spotted (i.e. not only smoky) wings

(Pl. X, Fig. 7) or greatly developed parafrontalia (Figs. 55-58) which in

the male reduce the interfrontalia to a narrow groove and even in the

female are much wider in front than the interfrontalia, or with setulose

pteropleura (Fig. 47), or claws longer than third antennal joint (Fig. 49),

or the peristomal setae very small and hairlike along part of the mouth-

margin (Fig. 57), usually several of these characters present at the same

time ; ; é é : : é : : : . XKenomyia

Limnophora R.-D.

1830. Myod. p. 517. =

The following species of Limnophora have been recorded from the Ethiopian

region, but are not represented in the large Ethiopian material of the genus

1 The ventrobasal scale (Fig. 41 “‘s’’) isthe real first ventrite, but itis not counted as such

so as to make the first (real second) ventrite correspond with the apparently first (actually

the fused first and second) tergite.

* The type of Spilogona and most of the European species have a distinct ad preapical

on the hind tibiae, and in the Ethiopian species transitional development of this seta is

frequent. The genus is therefore also referred to in the key to the Mydaeini though its

general facies and the shape of the head are those of Limnophorini.

MUSCIDAE 381

at hand, and their occurrence in Africa south of the Sahara seems very doubtful,

as the records mostly concern isolated females eee to belong to species

with dichoptic males:

rufjimana Strobl, 1893 (described from Admont in Styria and recorded by

Pokorny from Italy and Vienna, and by Stein from Cairo, Assiut, Assuan and

Port Said), has been found in a female specimen at Aden according to

Stein (1910! apud Becker, Denkschr. math.-nat. Kl. Kais. Ak. Wiss. Wien

71: 150). The male is dichoptic, there are 3 post dc,* the halteres are pale, and

the last joints of the male fore tarsi are translucent reddish yellow. It is obvious

from these characters and the present key that an isolated female can hardly

have been reliably identified by Stein. The position in my key is uncertain.

The setae of the tibiae are said to be the same as in ¢riangula, i.e. only one p

on the mid-tibiae.

plumiseta Stein, 1903 (described from Cairo and Assiut in Egypt) was

mentioned by Stein (1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 515; 1918, l.c. 16: 1096)

from the river Mto-ja-Kifaru in Tanganyika, and Mujenje in Uganda in two

single females. The male is dichoptic, and I should think that isolated females

could hardly be reliably identified by Stein. The main characters are: 3 di-

choptic, 4 post dc, 2 p on the mid-tibiae, m straight to apex, mesonotum black,

only the shoulders, notopleurae, a narrow transverse band along suture, the

prescutellar area and sometimes a narrow median prst vitta pale dusted in

posterior view.

arcuata Stein, 1892 (described from N. America) was recorded in two

males from New Hanover in Natal by Stein (1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16:

195). It can hardly be believed that a North American Limnophora, not found

in the Palaearctic region, should occur in the Ethiopian region, and Stein’s

Natal specimens, one of which, without a head, was lent to me by the

Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, prove to be Gymnodia marshalli Mall,

and not the North American G. arcuata.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF LIMNOPHORA

1 (12) Mid-femora with only one (rather strong ~) preapical (Fig. 13 ~). Apical

section of m virtually or almost straight. 3 post dc. Seldom over 3:5 mm.

Arista short-pubescent or almost bare, the longest hairs less than twice

as long as the basal diameter. Male dichoptic (frons about two-fifths to

one-half head-width; unknown: quadvistviata and -ephippium.)*

2 (9) 2 upper frontal setae, which are curved backward and outward or, in

quadristriata, onlyr, but then the halteres yellow. First to third abdomi-

nal segments with a pale dusted median vitta and anterior angles, other-

wise dark-brown dusted. Border and fringe of calyptrae whitish.

1See Emden, 1948, B.M. Exped. S.W. Arabia 1937-38, 1: 162.

2 Stein, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch. 81 A ro: 84.

3 Some of the characters of this group, especially the broad frons of the male, are those

of L. tviangula Fall. and its relatives (sbg. Pseudolimnophora Strobl), but these are stouter

in build and have the normal two preapicals on the mid femora.

382 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

3 (4) Halteres fuscous. acy in 4 or more rows from shortly before suture to

scutellum. g: abdomen depressed; frons and face of subequal length;

mesonotum wholly dark . : . : ; . pluripila sp. n.

4 (3) Halteres pale yellow.

5 (6) acy in 2 rows from neck to scutellum, in addition with single odd hairs

towards scutellum; mesonotum with 3 somewhat suffused brown vittae,

otherwise greyish dusted. g$: abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat com-

pressed and slightly curved; frons much shorter than face, third antennal

joint very long. 9: abdomen depressed, frons shorter than face, third

antennal joint rather long, but both characters less conspicuous than in

male : : praeapicalis sp. n.

6 (5) acy in not less fan 4 Rreeeelar rows ae ese behind suture; mesonotum

with 4 brown vittae or largely blackish.

7 (8) Lower stpl present. Mesonotum with 4 well-defined brown vittae, scutellum

wholly dark-brown dusted, pryst acy practically in only 2 rows. Hind

femora with only 1 strong av, which lies at apical quarter and is sometimes

preceded by a weak one. : : [quadristviata sp. n.|

8 (7) Lower stpl absent. Mesonotum fareely Browaish black, except near shoul-

ders, prst acy in 4 rows, the inner Bey of rows finer. Hind femora with

2-3 strong av towards apex 4 - . ephippium sp. n.

9 (2) 1 upper frontal seta, which is curved paenard nd backward (Fig. 13).

Halteres fuscous (in § only?). ¢: frons shorter than face.

to 11) Border and fringe of calyptrae fuscous. Mesonotum and abdomen wholly

dark-brown dusted. acy in 2 rows from neck to scutellum, in addition

with single odd hairs towards scutellum. ¢: abdomen depressed

fuscohaltevata sp. n.

11 (10) Border and fringe of calyptrae yellowish to whitish. Mesonotum greyish

dusted with 3 elongate dark pryst spots, the median one reaching suture,

and a broad transverse band behind suture (Fig. 13). Dorsum of first and

third abdominal segments almost entirely covered by a black spot, second

and fourth with a broad triangular black spot and broad grey-dusted

anterior angles (Fig. 13). acy in 3-4 rows before suture, the interior ones

smaller, and about 5 rows behind suture. j: abdomen somewhat.com-

pressed. : } : ; : : ; : tetvagvamma sp. Nn.

12 (1) Mid-femora with 2 (p and pd) preapicals! (Fig. 16). Only few individuals

shorter than 4mm. Frons of male narrower than that of female (except in

L. aculeipes euvymetopa ssp. n. and macrophthalma sp. n.), its narrowest

part seldom exceeding one-fourth head-width.

13 (14) Lower stpl absent. Ventrobasal scale with a few fine small hairs. Para-

facialia of male less, of female not or hardly more than, half the width

of the third antennal joint. Anterior post ia indistinct. g: fore tarsi very

long and filiform, the metatarsus not much shorter than the tibia.

; leptopus sp. n.

‘14 (13) Lower stpl present. Ventrobasal scale(see Fig. 41 ‘‘s’’) bare, or the para-

facialia not or hardly narrower than the third antennal joint is wide.

15 (44) Mid-tibiae with 2(—3) » setae (Fig. 16).2 Lower stpl about twice as distant

from the anterior as from the posterior one, rather weak.

16 (27) 4 post dc (Fig. 16). Mesonotum always with a well-marked Anthomyia-

pattern (which is seldom somewhat reduced in female sex). Hind femora

with only 1-2 av setae near apex (seldom a small third one present).

1 | have seen an abnormal female specimen of L. evcisa sp. n., in which only one preapical

is present on the mid-femora. It differs from all the species of the first group by the much

longer rays of the arista.

* Abnormal specimens in which only the proximal seta is present as in the other group

are extremely rare. If a unique specimen with only 1 p seta on both mid-tibiae cannot

be identified in the group with 1 ~, the group with 2 » must therefore be tried before

the form can be presumed new.

MUSCIDAE 38

iS)

17 (18) The anterior 2 post dc hardly shorter than the second prst dc and the third

post dc. Arista about as wide, including plumosity, as the third antennal

joint, the longest rays shorter than the diameter of that joint. ¢: the

longitudinal arm of the paired spots on the second and third abdominal

segments (Fig. 14) longer than the transverse arm, the spots broadly

L-shaped; the inclinate frontal setae reach the ocellar tubercle, the

proclinate setulae absent; frons about as wide as third antennal joint.

subobsignata sp. n.

8 (17) The anterior 2 post dc small (Fig. 16), much shorter than the preceding and

following dc. The longitudinal arm of the paired spots on the second

and third abdominal segments not longer than the transverse arm, at

least in the female the transverse extension longer than the longitudinal

one, the spots sometimes fused across median line.

19 (20) Jowls not or hardly wider than the third antennal joint (Fig. 15). Arista

somewhat narrower, including plumosity, than that joint, or at least not

conspicuously wider, the longest rays about half as long as its width.

Scutellum entirely black with brown dust. g: dichoptic, frons a third as

wide at narrowest part (vertex) as head; fourth abdominal segment as

long on lateral surface as the second and third together; fourth ventrite

considerably longer on median line than the first to third together; fifth

and sixth segments very large and broad though not much projecting

[{macrophthalma sp. n.|

20 (19) Jowls 13-2 times as wide as the third antennal joint. Arista wider, including

plumosity, than the third antennal joint, the longest rays almost as long

as the diameter of the latter or longer. Scutellum conspicuously pale

dusted at apex. ¢: holoptic; the inclinate frontal setae not reaching the

ocellar tubercle, a pair of proclinate setules present just in front of the

ocelli.

1 (24) Abdomen not yellowish translucent, everywhere fuscous to black in ground-

colour.

2 (23) prst spots fused (Fig. 16), passing the second pyst dc, the pale transverse

band narrower; post band reaching or virtually reaching the last dc ; only

the extreme apex of the scutellum pale dusted. Wings smoky. Spots of

second and third abdominal segments separated only by a very narrow

median line of grey dust, fourth segment with a large dark dorsal spot

that occupies more than the apical half : : . [somerent sp. n.]

23 (22) prst spots separated, except in front, just reaching the second prst dc, the

pale band therefore broader; post band only slightly passing the third

post dc; apical half or two-fifths of scutellum pale dusted. Wings hardly

tinged. Spots of second and third abdominal segments separated by a

moderately narrow median vitta of grey dust, fourth segment with only

a linear or fusiform dark dorsal median vitta : j . obsignata Rond.

24 (21) Abdomen yellowish translucent in basal half, at least in male; in female

often mainly dark, but at least the ventral part of the first tergite more

or less yellowish.

25 (26) prst spots separated posteriorly or wholly fused, sometimes narrowly con-

nected with the post band on median line, but not extended on to humeral

callosity . : : . tvanslucida Stein

6 (25) prst spots fused and extended Aterionly on to humeral callosity to beyond

the inner humeral seta : : : 5 c ; flavibasis Stein ?

27 (16) 3 post dc.

28 (43) Costal spine absent or indistinct. Mid-tibiae without an ad seta. Arista

fully to twice as wide, including plumosity, as third antennal joint.

1 A single male from the BELGIAN ConGo: Bukavu (Mrs. W. P. Cockerell), in very poor

condition (of the legs only part of one hind leg is left, the third antennal joint is missing,

and hardly any setae are present) seems to fall into this group, but the frons is almost

one-fifth the width of the head, the frontal setae reach the level of the anterior ocellus,

and no proclinate setulae have apparently been present; otherwise it is extremely similar

to obsignata. The male terminalia also differ somewhat from those of a Natal specimen,

but even if it is a new species the poor condition does not allow its being named.

384 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

29 (40) Parafacialia as wide as, or only slightly narrower than, third antennal joint.

Mesonotum of male with an Anthomyia-pattern which leaves pale at least

a spot in the dc strip on anterior side of suture (in addition to the humero-

notopleural region and a divided or simple spot before scutellum); of

female similar or largely grey dusted. Two prst dc. Legs wholly dark.

3g: mid-femora with 2-3 strong but not very long somewhat blunt-tipped

(and often 1-2 shorter, finer, pointed) v setae.

30 (33) The spots on the second and third abdominal segments square or roundish,

more or less incomplete anteriorly and laterally, fourth abdominal segment

wholly or almost wholly grey dusted.

31 (32) Arista about twice as wide, including plumosity, as third antennal joint.

Hind femora with about 4-5 (9) or 3-4 (2) av setae near apex. ¢: black

pattern of mesonotum not connected longitudinally on median line; a pair

of proclinate frontal setules near level of anterior ocelli present, inclinate

setae not reaching level of ocelli. Q: mesonotum without Anthomyia-

pattern, pale cinereous-grey dusted, with an abbreviated brown ‘longi-

tudinal vitta to the inner side of the anterior 2 post dc and usually the

trace of a narrower one to the outer side of these dc; in a local form from

Aden these vittae are fused on either side so as to form 2 large post spots,

2 large prst spots are also present, which in African specimens are small

or absent : : notabilis Stein

32 (31) Avista, inciuding plumosity, not or only slightly wider than third antennal

joint. Hind femora with 1-2 (2) av setae near apex. 9: mesonotum with

an Anthomyia-pattern, the post band of which is broadly and deeply

excised behind between the dc and sa of either side : ; [excisa sp. n.|

33 (30) The spots on the second and third abdominal segments subtriangular, large,

reaching anterior margin or sides, usually both, fourth abdominal segment

with a large brownish-dusted black spot. Hind femora with 1-2, seldom

3 av setae near apex. Anthomyia-pattern of mesonotum well developed

in both sexes and often longitudinally connected:on median line (Figs.

24 and 27).

34 (35) Dark post band separated from the dark scutellar spot by pale dust on

median line. Dark pyst spots separated from the post band by a con-

spicuous pale-dusted band, from which a wedge-shaped median vitta

extends forward. ¢: inclinate frontal setae more or less reaching level of

anterior ocellus, proclinate setula usually absent . fs 4 simulans Stein

35 (34) Dark post band connected (Fig. 24) with the dark scutellar spot by a median

vitta (except usually in female of elgonica).

36 (37) Dark prst spots separated from the post band by a conspicuous pale-dusted

band (Fig. 24), from which a wedge-shaped median vitta extends forwards.

¢: inclinate frontal setae reaching anterior ocellus, proclinate setula

absent. : elgonica sp. Nn.

37 (36) Dark prst spots extending posteriorly at inner and outer extremities (Fig. 27),

thus connected with the post band and with each other near median line

(the remaining pale-dusted median vitta being linear, parallel-sided or

fusiform), and almost or wholly connected with the post band above the

notopleura.

38 (39) The dark vitta that connects the post band with the scutellar spot not or

only slightly wider than the pale spot around the last post dc (Fig. 27),

the pale-dusted spot behind the second prst dc broadly following the

suture and tending to reach the pale-dusted np/ area. m very gradually

upcurved and hardly sinuate at apex. Superior forceps, Fig. 28. perfidodes sp. n.

39 (38) The dark vitta that connects the post band with the dark coloration of the

scutellum very broad, about twice as wide as the pale spots around the

last dc; the pale-dusted spot behind the second pyst dc smaller, well

separated from the np/ spot. m somewhat more suddenly upcurved and

more distinctly sinuate towards apex. Superior forceps, Fig. 29.

(mallochiana sp. n.]

40 (29) Parafacialia less than half as wide as the third antennal joint. Mesonotum

including. scutellum entirely dark except for the humero-notopleural

region and at most a pair of small, indistinct spots of pale dust in front

MUSCIDAE

of scutellum; on the dark pattern only some thinly cinereous-dusted vittae,

etc., are visible in certain directions. At least the trochanters pale.

Abdomen dark, without well-developed spots.

1 (42) 2 prst dc, the anterior one more than half as long as the posterior one. Legs

piceous, only the trochanters ferruginous and the apex of the fore coxae

paler translucent. The inconspicuous paler dust on the prst part of the

thorax forms an L-shaped figure, the transverse arm of which extends

outward along the anterior side of the suture, whilst the longitudinal arm

lies along the inner side of the prst dc . ‘ ; ; [angustigena

2 (41) 1 prst dc, the anterior one entirely absent. Coxae (largely), trochanters

and femora (but for the browned apex) testaceous, tibiae somewhat

browned. The inconspicuous paler dust of thorax forms along the inner

side of the dc a pair of vittae which are somewhat interrupted by brown

dust behind suture . : [pallifemorata

43 (28) Costal spine strong, longer than y—m, costal spinules also rather strong near

base. Mid-tibiae almost always with an ad seta beyond middle. Arista

much to slightly narrower, seldom slightly wider, including plumosity, than

third antennal joint. Body wholly dull dark with brown dust, in some

places bluish green or greenish, abdomen with only shadow-like spots.

Parafacialia not or ne narrower than third antennal joint. m almost

Emd.]

Emad. |

straight . . : b 2 spinata Stein

44 (15) Mid-tibiae with only 1 (the more proximal) p seta.

5 (62) Lower stp] about twice as distant from the anterior as from the posterior

one, rather weak. Costal spine absent or indistinct. Arista, including

plumosity, often wider than the third antennal joint.

46 (53) 3 post dc.

47 (52) Arista, including plumosity, not or hardiy wider than third antennal joint,

the rays in the latter case of subequal length. Mesonotum black, but for the

pyst part outwards of the ph and prst and the post part behind and

between the last dc, the dark coloration reaching the scutellum laterally,

the median part between the dc sometimes overlaid by a broad cinereous-

dusted vitta. 9: abdomen with at most shadow-like brownish spots.

melanota sp. n. ..

48 (51) Calyptrae bright ochreous-yellow.

49 (50) Arista almost to fully as wide as third antennal segment. Base of wings

ochreous in both sexes. 3: eyes contiguous. 9: mesonotum largely fuscous

on disc . py E . melanota melanota s. str.

50 (49) Arista somewhat wider ‘than ‘third antennal segment. Base of wings brown

in male, ochreous in female. ¢g: eyes subcontiguous. 2: mesonotum

largely brown on disc, fuscous almost only between the ia and sa

[melanota abyssinica ssp. n.

51 (48) Calyptrae white, somewhat smoky towards margin, border and fringe

yellowish white. Base of wings fuscous (g$) or concolorous (9)

melanota fuscibasis ssp. n.

52 (47) Arista, including plumosity, conspicuously wider than third antennal joint,

the rays very much shorter at apical third than at basal third. Mesonotum

grey dusted, with or without 3 separate or fused prst dark spots, of which

only the median one reaches suture, and with or without a post band,

which does not reach the scutellum even at sides. 9: abdomen with a

grey-dusted median vitta and spots in the anterior angles of each segment,

the rest of the dorsal surface occupied by well-defined dark brown spots

[thomasseti

53 (46) 4 post de.

54 (55) Arista almost bare, its hairs shorter than its basal diameter. Lower calyptra

whitish. Eyes of male separated by a distance equal to the diameter of

the third antennal joint. Mesonotum entirely dark in dorsal view but

for the humeral and npl area, but with an incomplete transverse band of

pale dust along suture and a deeply incised pysc sReF of pale dust before

scutellum when seen from behind ; ¢ A setalis

55 (54) Arista short-plumose, the longest rays more than twice as Btlone as its basal

diameter. Eyes of male contiguous.

sp. n.]

56 (59)

57 (58)

58 (57)

60 61)

63 64)

66 (67)

67 (66)

68 (60)

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

dc short, especially the anterior 2 post dc. Abdomen translucent ochreous-

yellow on basal three segments, at least in male the second and third

segments with a pair of rather large triangular spots each.

Second and third abdominal segments with the spots (j$) separated by a

very narrow median line, in female with a brown band on hind margin.

Thorax with a uniform broad dark prst spot, which reaches (in ¢ the

pyst and) the second dc behind, and which is separated from the post band

by an (in § almost) complete pale band. Lower calyptra largely fuscous

inmale . . ochribasis sp. n.

Second and third ‘abdominal segments with the spots (3 9) separated by a

rather broad median vitta, which is at least a seventh the width of the

segment. Thorax witha pair of prst spots, which are fused anteriorly only,

which do not (never?) reach the prst, and which are completely separated

from suture by a pale band. Lower calyptra slightly smoky [bwambana sp. n.]

dc long. Abdomen wholly dark though more or less grey dusted, the sub-

triangular spots of the second and third segments separated by a moder-

ately wide (rather narrow in a form from Kijabi) median vitta, which

tapers from base to apex; the brown spots of the female strongly transverse,

separated as in male, but reaching lateral surface and less contrasting.

Lower calyptra ochreous-yellow or smoky . . tvigemina Stein .. 60

Calyptrae ochreous-yellow to yellowish smoky, fringe pale yellow. Almost

always at least the shoulders, notopleurae and part of the area between

the postalar callosities whitish-grey dusted . A trigemina trigemina Stein

Calyptrae brownish smoky, fringe brown. Shoulders and notopleurae dark

dusted, in certain directions with brown reflections [¢vigemina vumbana ssp. 0. |

Lower stpl as distant from the posterior as from the anterior one, rather

strong. Costal spine often distinct or strong. Arista, including plumosity,

narrower than the third antennal joint. 3 post dc. Vibrissal angles con-

spicuously produced.

Mid-tibiae with a strong ad seta (in addition to the p one). Costal spine

longer than y—m, spinules between /: and apex of sc and beyond the latter

rather long and erect, about twice as long as the diameter of the costa at

their insertion. Arista short-plumose in basal two-thirds, narrower

including plumosity than the third antennal joint, the longest rays,

‘however, much longer than the basal diameter of the arista. Hind femora

without outstanding av setae in basal half, only 2-3 present near apex.

Apex of m rather strongly upcurved in a somewhat sigmoid curve.

Calyptrae whitish with whitish fringe and yellowish border. g: frons at

narrowest point at most as wide as third antennal joint F spinifeva Stein

Mid-tibiae without an ad seta.

Costal spine distinct, about as long as y-m, the spinules between /: and apex

of sc also rather strong, more or less distinctly longer than the diameter

of the costa. Hind femora with only the normal short appressed hairs on

basal half of av surface, without longer and more erect setulae among

them, and with only 2-4 strong av setae near apex, the last of which

is the strongest. Fore tibiae without a p, hind tibiae without a pd seta.

3: frons less than twice the width of the third antennal joint; fourth

ventrite normal.

Apical third of arista practically bare, basal two-thirds shortly haired, the

longest hairs not longer than the basal diameter; third antennal joint

longer, its dorsal apex distinctly acuminate. Anterior post ia absent.

3: interfrontalia almost parallel-sided, about 14 times as wide at narrowest

point as the third antennal joint. 2: abdominal pattern well defined

parallelifrons sp. n.

Arista distinctly haired to almost extreme apex, the distal hairs hardly

shorter than the basal diameter, almost all the other hairs much longer;

third antennal joint of normal length, the dorsal apex somewhat rounded.

g: interfrontalia strongly narrowed from both ends to a point behind

middle, where they are at most as wide as the third antennal joint.

Wing without a dark suffusion along fore-margin. Anterior post ia absent.

Wings seldom longer than 6 mm. Mesonotum. without greenish reflections ;

the second prst dc lies at the anterior end of a small elongate triangular

MUSCIDAE 387

spot of whitish grey dust, the base of which is formed by the suture and

tends to be joined to the pale dust of the notopleura; in front of scutellum

a distinct pale-dusted area, which is as a rule divided by a dark median

vitta. 2: abdomen with a well-defined brown pattern . perfida Stein

9 (68) Wing along fore-margin with a strong dark suffusion (Pl. X, Fig. 6), which

somewhat passes 7,,, in its entire length. Wings longer than 6 mm.

Mesonotum with greenish reflections along the dc at least in female; in

strongly posterior view only a minute transverse spot of light brown dust

is visible at the suture on the dc strip; it does not approach the second

prst dc, though in some specimens a less conspicuous vitta of pale brown

dust along the dc is seen under a slightly different angle, that seems to

extend the spot to the second and first prst dc. 2: abdomen with indistinct

brownish shadows only in the place of a pattern. . majuscula sp. n. .. 70

70 (71) Coloration of mesothorax largely brassy black without greenish reflections

in male, with dark blue-green reflections in female. Anterior post ia

| absent. 3: dark pattern of abdomen black and more sharply defined.

| majuscula kinangopana ssp. n.

71 (70) Coloration of mesonotum largely brown with greenish reflections in both

sexes, especially on pleurae. Anterior post ia almost always present.

6: dark pattern of abdomen brassy brown and less sharply defined

majuscula majuscula s, str

72 (65) Costal spine indistinct, spinules short. Hind femora (in addition to the

setae of the apical half) with a strong seta at or just before middle of av

_ surface and some erect setae (3), or setulose hairs (2) between base and

submedian seta, the setulose hairs in the female longer and more erect

than the normal appressed hairs; the preapical av not or hardly stronger

than the submedian seta, some or all of the intervening ones weaker.

3 (74) Anterior post ia absent. Mesonotum dark with inconspicuous shifting

: vittae, only the humeri and notopleurae with pale grey dust, in addition

| a small triangular spot from suture to the second prsi dc. Aristal hairs of

equal length on more than middle half of arista, where they reach the

length of its basal diameter. Fore and hind tibiae without p or pd setae.

Margins of the calyptrae broadly ochreous. ¢: frons less than half as

wide again as the third antennal joint; fourth ventrite normal Jongiseta sp. n

74 (73) Anterior post 1a well developed (Figs. 31, 32). Mesonotum at least with

a pair of conspicuous complete vittae of pale grey dust, often largely or

wholly pale grey dusted (the humeri and notopleurae always so). Aristal

hairs gradually decreasing in length from middle onwards, where they are

conspicuously longer than the basal-diameter of the arista. Margins of

the calyptrae whitish to brownish white or at most yellowish. 3: frons

more than twice the width of the third antennal joint, lobes of fourth

ventrite very large, inverted-subtriangular, pte and almost verti-

cally erected . : aculetpes Stein ..

5 (76) Fore tibiae without a p stn, End bie mitbeds a pd seta. Mesonotum

with 3 broad dark vittae (i.e. the pale dusted vittae along the dc narrow).

3: frons much narrower than that of female, about 2—2$ “times as wide as

the third antennal joint; lobes of fourth ventrite broadly rounded at

ventro-apical angle, the margin rather broadly orange-translucent.

Abyssinia : ; aculeipes aculetpes Stein

76 (75) Fore tibiae with a p an, ays flores of founen ene with an obtuse angle

at apex, the margins hardly pale translucent.

77 (78) Hind tibiae without a pd seta. Mesonotum (Fig. 31) with 3 broad dark

vittae (i.e. the pale dusted vittae along the dc are narrow). 3: frons much

narrower than that of female, about 2-2} times as wide as third antennal

joint. Kenya: north of Mt. Kenya; Mt. Kinangop (Aberdares); Hills

north-east of Nakuru d b ; : aculetpes latilamellata Mall.

78 (77) Hind tibiae with a strong pd seta.

79 (80) 3 frons much narrower than that of female, about 2—2} times as wide

as third antennal joint. Mesonotum usually with 3 broad dark vittae.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop (Aberdares); Hills north-east of Nakuru.

aculetpes latilamellata Mall. aberratio

“I

388 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

80 (79) 3 frons as wide as that of female, about 4 times as wide as third antennal

joint. Mesonotum (Fig. 32) entirely or almost entirely pale dusted, the

vittae at most vestigial. Kenya: Nyeri Track (Aberdares)

: aculeipes euvymetopa ssp. n.

Limnophora pluripila sp. n. 3

Length, 2-1 mm.; of wings, 2-2 mm.

Entirely fuscous with fuscous-brown pollinosity, the antennae, face and

jowls greyish dusted, a whitish grey roundish spot on parafacialia level with

the second antennal segment; second and third abdominal segments thinly

greyish dusted on a moderately narrow median vitta and on a triangular antero-

lateral area, but the greyish dusted part only very slightly contrasting with the

brown paramedian triangles, fourth segment thinly greyish dusted with a large

but not very contrasting median spot.

Head semicircular in dorsal view, considerably higher than long, frons

two-fifths head-width, very slightly narrowed anteriorly, as long as wide, frontal

triangle broad and large, almost reaching lunula; fronto-facial strip of almost

even width, only very slightly and gradually widened below, interfrontalia six

times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate

setae, the anterior reclinate one much shorter. Inner vertical strong, outer one

moderately strong, ocellars strong. Parafacialia three-quarters, jowls almost

fully, as wide as third antennal segment. The latter almost two and a half times

as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than its own width;

arista slender with the basal quarter rather suddenly incrassate, the longest

rays of arista slightly longer than its basal diameter.

Thorax with about 3 rows of acr hairs in front, about 4 towards and 6

behind suture, 2-++-3 dc, the first prst one half as long as the second, the anterior

2 post ones rather short, the 2 za small, almost indistinct; sa and posterior

postalar very strong; scutellum with the normal 2 pairs of strong setae and

on disc with a few sparse setulae. One strong propleural and prostigmatal, the

lower prostigmatal hairlike and curved upwards. stfl arranged in an almost

isosceles triangle, the lower one weak, the anterior one strong, the posterior

one very strong.

Abdomen subcircular, strongly flattened, second segment with 2-3 lateral

marginals, third with a marginal row consisting of 3-4 pairs of setae, fourth

with a marginal row consisting of 2 pairs of setae. Fourth ventrite strongly

raised, its lobes almost vertically sloping at sides, the fourth ventrite thus

considerably projecting ventrally in lateral view.

Wings subhyaline, slightly brownish tinged. 7, only moderately curved

forwards to apex, the latter slightly beyond level of y-m, which lies beyond

middle of discal cell. 74;,; and m conspicuously converging to apex, 74;, being

conspicuously curved backwards and m being very slightly upcurved at

MUSCIDAE 389

two-thirds of its apical section. Calyptrae greyish white subopaque, with —

yellowish border and fringe, the lower one twice as long as the upper one,

strongly projecting. Halteres fuscous.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong # preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 # (and no other) submedian setae; hind

femora with a strong av seta at apical quarter, but without other outstanding

setae except for the ad row and a not very strong pd preapical, hind

tibiae with an ad at middle, an av somewhat beyond it, and a conspicuous

d preapical.

UcGaNnDA: Fort Portal, Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., light trap (F.W.E.), gd type.

Limnophora praeapicalis sp.n. ¢°

Length, 2-8—3:1 mm.; of wings, 2-8-3: mm.

Black, densely pale grey dusted, interfrontalia black, somewhat velvety,

with slight grey reflections, parafrontalia largely brown-grey dusted, cerebrale

dark brown dusted; mesonotum with a moderately broad brown-dusted median

vitta, which becomes slightly narrower towards neck and is not continued on

scutellum, and a broad subdorsal vitta, which covers the line of the de pores

medially and the frst and sa laterally, and which begins slightly in front of

the ph and is continued, somewhat more faintly, along dorso-lateral part of

scutellum, reaching its apex; these subdorsal vittae tend to be somewhat

clouded with grey and may become somewhat indistinct, especially in female,

and the narrow grey vitta, separating them from the median vitta, is rather

brownish grey. Abdomen with paired dark-brown triangular spots, which leave

a narrow, in male somewhat indistinct, median vitta and triangular anterior

angles grey dusted, in female these spots become slightly L-shaped; on the

fourth segment the median vitta has disappeared and the spot of the female

is confined to posterior two-thirds. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, femora

and tibiae somewhat brownish translucent.

Head half as high again as long, occipital profile convex, facial profile

concave, both almost concentric, frontal and peristomal profiles almost parallel.

Frons three-sevenths (g) or two-fifths (2) head-width at vertex, slightly and

evenly dilated to lunula, as long as wide (3) or somewhat wider (9), frontal

triangle broad and large, somewhat rounded at apex and therefore not quite

reaching lunula; interfrontalia 5—6 times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter

with 3 inclinate and 2 subequal reclinate setae. Inner vertical strong, outer

one moderately strong, ocellars strong. Face somewhat narrower at middle

than above and below; parafacialia at lower third a quarter (3) or almost half

(2) the width of the third antennal joint, jowls as wide as the latter. Third

antennal segment three and a half times (2 3 times) as long as wide, bluntly

pointed anteriorly (dorsally) at apex, falling short of mouth-margin by about

IT, 6 (e)

390 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

half (somewhat more in Q) its width; arista slender with the basal third rather

suddenly incrassate, the rays of rather even length, none of them much longer

than the basal diameter of arista.

Thorax with 2 rows of acy from neck to scutellar suture, in addition with

single odd hairs towards scutellum, 2+-3 rather strong dc, the 2 7a small, sa,

2 pairs of scutellars and especially posterior postalar very strong; disc of

scutellum with sparse setulae. Propleural and prostigmatal weak, lower pro-

stigmatal developed as a small hair; 1 -+-2 stl, only the posterior one very strong.

Abdomen of male subcylindrical, somewhat laterally compressed, apex

truncate, the hypopygium vertical, and the fourth ventrite reaching apex

of abdomen, only shallowly excised at apex, and the short and broad lobes

directed more sideways and upwards than backwards, their inner hind angles

just noticeably projecting farther backwards than any other part of the abdo-

men; of female cordiform-subcircular with pointed apex, flattened. Anterior

segments with small lateral marginals and discals, fourth segment with a

marginal row and a medianly incomplete discal row.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, 7, only moderately curved

forwards to apex, the latter level with 7-m, which lies at middle (3) or almost

at three-fifths (Q) of discal cell. 74,; and m slightly converging to apex, 74+;

somewhat curving backwards and m being just noticeably upcurved beyond

middle of apical section. Calyptrae greyish white, subhyaline, with whitish

border and fringe, the lower one half as long again as the upper one, strongly

projecting. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: tore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong p preapical, mid-tibiae with two # submedian setae; hind femora with

a smaller and a strong av near apex, but without other outstanding setae

except for the ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with an ad at middle, an

av somewhat beyond it, and a d preapical.

UcANnpDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), g type, I 2

paratype; Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1g paratype. NATAL:

Estcourt (R. C. Wroughton), 2 paratype.

[Limnophora quadristriata sp. n. 2]

Length, 2-1-2:7 mm.; of wings, I-g-2°7 mm.

Head, see p. 702.

Black, densely pale grey dusted; mesonotum with four brown-dusted vittae,

the paramedian ones to the inner side of the dc, narrow at neck and gradually

widening to second fost dc, from which onwards they taper and curve slightly

outwards so as to coalesce with the outer vittae at the last dc, the outer vittae

lying outwards of the dc, their outer margin running from the ph to the prst

and wing-base, the outer vitta subdivided posteriorly by some grey dust on

MUSCIDAE 391

the line of the za; scutellum dark brown dusted. Abdomen with the dorsum

of the first segment dark brown dusted but for the remnants of a grey-dusted

median vitta on posterior part; second and third segments each with a pair

| of large triangular dark-brown spots, which leave a rather narrow median vitta

and an anterior lteral triangle pale dusted; fourth segment pale dusted with

‘ther side and the apex occupied by an elongate

pan cil “4 tg 2 grey-dusted median strip. Legs fuscous-black.

=A Hig fo ES . irregular rows behind, in 2 before suture, the

. ° ee. * les between the 2 rows and 1 outside the rows

ot very long, except for the last one; 2 rather

“< and 2 pairs of scutellars very strong; disc

Propleural and prostigmatal not very strong.

xt very strong, the lower one small but quite

ise

Saeptosn

cular, pointed at apex, rather flattened, second

> lateral marginals, fourth with a marginal row,

ather fine setae.

ghtly brownish tinged. Apex of 7, level with

t beyond middle of discal cell. 7,.; and m very

apex, 7%4;, being slightly curved backwards.

fringe and border. Halteres yellowish.

submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

~ without submedian setae except for 1 p; hind

an ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with

jeyond it, and a d preapical.

T ZITA) INKL

SOTOUO FG] C=P~pEG6L uotytTpedxy

Y (ZSOGSIH TVEALVN) WATSAN HST

*oeuTTsOUsOD °*g

SeurpAKOUI0AS pure oeuToSsNT *y

*oeuTTUOSYg

pue eevuttuueg ‘aeutdstT

‘seurtAmoyquy ‘aeutSeydozeos °O

ea ‘tanga, 30.Vvil—g.vill.31 (J. Ogilvie), 9 paratype.

ea . Ogilvie), 1 9 paratype. Unfortunately both

8 by but the characters leave no doubt that they

8 o Si e only question being whether this species has

l q 3 iate frontal seta, and whether the male is really

a 9 group. See p. 702.

as fle

ia ora ephippium sp. n. °

oy 9 4 3mm.

tT ad, face with a pale golden tinge, interfrontalia

dull black with some brown dust, frontal triangle even more thinly dusted,

somewhat shining, parafrontalia, except for outer anterior part, upper half of

occiput and mesonotum rather thinly dark brown dusted, the humeral callosity

and npl region outwards to the prst, however, pale dusted, scutellum dark-

brown dusted along sides and at apex and with some inconspicuous greyish

dust on a large basal triangle, this greyish dust invading the mesonotum for

390 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

half (somewhat more in 2) its width; arista slender with the basal third rather

suddenly incrassate, the rays of rather even length, none of them much longer

than the basal diameter of arista.

Thorax with 2 rows of acy from neck to scutellar suture, in addition with

single odd hairs towards scutellum, 2+-3 rather strong dc, the 2 za small, sa,

2 pairs of scutellars and especially posterior postalar very strong; disc of

scutellum with sparse setulae. Propleural and prostigmatal weak, lower pro-

stigmatal developed as a small hair; 1 +2 stpl, only the posterior one very strong.

Abdomen of male subcylindrical, somewhat laterally compressed, apex

truncate, the hypopygium vertical, and the fourth ventrite reaching apex

of abdomen, only shallowly excised at apex, and the short and broad lobes

directed more sideways and upwards than backwards, their inner hind angles

just noticeably projecting farther backwards than any other part of the abdo-

men; of female cordiform-subcircular with pointed apex, flattened. Anterior

segments with small lateral marginals and discals, fourth segment with a

marginal row and a medianly incomplete discal row.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, 7, only moderately curved

forwards to apex, the latter level with 7-m, which lies at middle (9) or almost

at three-fifths (Q) of discal cell. 74;, and m slightly converging to apex, 7415

somewhat curving backwards and m being just noticeably upcurved beyond

middle of apical section. Calyptrae greyish white, subhyaline, with whitish

border and fringe, the lower one half as long again as the upper one, strongly

projecting. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong ~ preapical, mid-tibiae with two p submedian setae; hind femora with

a smaller and a strong av near apex, but without other outstanding setae

except for the ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with an ad at middle, an

av somewhat beyond it, and a d preapical.

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, I 2

paratype; Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori, 7300 ft. (F7.W.E.), 13 paratype. NATAL:

Estcourt (R. C. Wroughton), 9 paratype.

[Limnophora quadristriata sp. n. 2]

Length, 2-1-2°7 mm.; of wings, I-9-2°7 mm.

Head, see p. 702.

Black, densely pale grey dusted; mesonotum with four brown-dusted vittae,

the paramedian ones to the inner side of the dc, narrow at neck and gradually

widening to second post dc, from which onwards they taper and curve slightly

outwards so as to coalesce with the outer vittae at the last dc, the outer vittae

lying outwards of the dc, their outer margin running from the ph to the prst

and wing-base, the outer vitta subdivided posteriorly by some grey dust on

MUSCIDAE 391

the line of the za; scutellum dark brown dusted. Abdomen with the dorsum

of the first segment dark brown dusted but for the remnants of a grey-dusted

median vitta on posterior part; second and third segments each with a pair

of large triangular dark-brown spots, which leave a rather narrow median vitta

and an anterior lateral triangle pale dusted; fourth segment pale dusted with

ce EN (FRITZ I VAN) ET.

4 B.M. Muscidae: A. Muscinae and Stomoxydinae

i Ae. 0. i aaa B. Coenosiinae,

oa gia eters C. Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae ,

sted Lispinae, Fanniinae and

i icoahhy Phaoniinae,

‘Se BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) Ruwenzori

Expedition 1934-5 [itntomological Reports. ]

Vol.2, no. 3544,6 —_>

8°. 1939

CEL ERAS) EUR Hi

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong p preapical, mid-tibiae without submedian setae except for 1 p; hind

femora with 1-2 av preapicals, an ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with

Bercran SMDEN. (FRITZ: I VAN) Ts

De, T 3 "

Bells... Muscidae: A. Muscinae and Stomoxydinae

AGe. We 5). Trt tere Be Goenosiinae,

TTMTTITTT Werte tcct Ge Scatophaginae, Anthonyiinae,

es 3 Lispinaé, Fanniinse and -

Ente Phaoniinae, ‘

See BRITISH MUSIUMT (NATURAL rtsToRY) Ruwenzori

Expedition 1934-5 [i mtomological Reports. |

Vol.2, NOD 9436 ->

8%, 1939!

brown dusted along sides and at apex and with some inconspicuous greyish

dust on a large basal triangle, this greyish dust invading the mesonotum for

390 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

half (somewhat more in 9) its width; arista slender with the basal third rather

suddenly incrassate, the rays of rather even length, none of them much longer

than the basal. diamete:-of maigts

Thorax with 2...

single odd hairs

2 pairs of scutei Sel hyRonm

scutellum with s:

stigmatal develop 4 28H Cy mod teri’) /sosn

Abdomen of Die. Vsrehianey

truncate, the hy

of abdomen, onl

directed more sic LTO SQW fs NGO ROTH LAST AM

just noticeably p LinkOtoces) deoigoLomocter ] 5%

men; of female chr ~ Qdlelon

segments with ft Sh Airia [sO

marginal row an:

Wings subhy<

forwards to apex

at three-fifths () of discal cell. 94), anu n/ sugnily converging tO apex, ys;

somewhat curving backwards and m being just noticeably upcurved beyond

middle of apical section. Calyptrae greyish white, subhyaline, with whitish

border and fringe, the lower one half as long again as the upper one, strongly

projecting. ss paleayellow

Legs: ic@

strong p pr

a smaller a

except for 4 ae

av somewhe ee : pa eg iGadeeie 5s ll uence

UGANDA

paratype;

Estcourt (F

TI Ad on

Length,

Head, st

Black, ¢

the parame

widening to second Post dc, tI WiC OhWeauS ue caper aiid Curve ought

outwards so as to coalesce with the outer vittae at fie last dc, the outer vittae

lying outwards of the dc, their outer margin running from the ff to the frst

and wing-base, the outer vitta subdivided posteriorly by some grey dust on

MUSCIDAE 391

the line of the za; scutellum dark brown dusted. Abdomen with the dorsum

of the first segment dark brown dusted but for the remnants of a grey-dusted

median vitta on posterior part; second and third segments each with a pair

of large triangular dark-brown spots, which leave a rather narrow median vitta

and an anterior lateral triangle pale dusted; fourth segment pale dusted with

the base narrowly brown on either side and the apex occupied by an elongate

brown spot on either side of the grey-dusted median strip. Legs fuscous-black.

Thorax with the acr in 4-5 irregular rows behind, in 2 before suture, the

prst part with 1 or 2 odd setules between the 2 rows and 1 outside the rows

at suture; 2-+3 dc which are not very long, except for the last one; 2 rather

small za; sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars very strong; disc

of scutellum finely setulose. Propleural and prostigmatal not very strong.

1-2 stpl, the anterior one not very strong, the lower one small but quite

conspicuous.

Abdomen subcordate-subcircular, pointed at apex, rather flattened, second

and third segments with 1 or 2 lateral marginals, fourth with a marginal row,

consisting of about 4 pairs of rather fine setae.

Wings subhyaline, very slightly brownish tinged. Apex of 7, level with

y—m, which lies at or somewhat beyond middle of discal cell. 74,; and m very

slightly converging towards apex, 74;; being slightly curved backwards.

Calyptrae whitish with whitish fringe and border. Halteres yellowish.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong p preapical, mid-tibiae without submedian setae except for 1 p; hind

femora with I-2 av preapicals, an ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with

an ad at middle, an av slightly beyond it, and a d preapical.

BELGIAN Conco: Tenke, Katanga, 30.vii—9.vill.31 (J. Ogilvie), 2 paratype.

TANGANYIKA: Tanga, vi.32 (J. Ogilvie), 1 9 paratype. Unfortunately both

specimens have lost their head, but the characters leave no doubt that they

belong to the present group, the only question being whether this species has

the normal two or only one reclinate frontal seta, and whether the male is really

dichoptic like the others in this group. See p. 702.

Limnophora ephippium sp. n. 2

Length, 3-7 mm.; of wings, 4-3 mm.

Black, densely pale grey dusted, face with a pale golden tinge, interfrontalia

dull black with some brown dust, frontal triangle even more thinly dusted,

somewhat shining, parafrontalia, except for outer anterior part, upper half of

occiput and mesonotum rather thinly dark brown dusted, the humeral callosity

and npl region outwards to the prst, however, pale dusted, scutellum dark-

brown dusted along sides and at apex and with some inconspicuous greyish

dust on a large basal triangle, this greyish dust invading the mesonotum for

392 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

a short distance on either side towards the last de. Abdomen with very large

dark brown paired dorsal spots, which leave only a moderately narrow median

vitta on the anterior three segments and small antero-lateral triangles grey

dusted, the grey dust, moreover, rather dull and not very dense. Antennae,

palpi and legs fuscous-black.

Head with strongly sloping straight frontal profile, about half as high again

at vertex as long; frons just over a third head-width, evenly and just noticeably

dilated to lunula, frontal triangle elongate, reaching lunula, somewhat convex,

interfrontalia 4-5 times the width of the parafrontalia, the latter with 5 inclinate

and 2 not very strongly differentiated reclinate setae. Inner vertical strong,

outer vertical moderately strong, ocellars long and thin. Face slightly and

evenly dilated in lower two-thirds, parafacialia almost half as wide as third

antennal joint, jowls somewhat wider than the latter. Third antennal joint

not quite thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by almost its

own width; arista slender and long, the basal fifth somewhat incrassate, the

longest hairs not quite twice as long as the basal diameter of the arista.

Thorax with 4 rows of prst acr, the outer ones of which are conspicuously

stronger, Post acy in 4-6 rows; 2-+3 strong dc, 2 rather long za; scutellum with

the normal 2 pairs of strong setae, dise with a fair number of moderately long

setulose hairs. Prostigmatal rather weak, propleural somewhat stronger.

Anterior stp/ moderately strong, posterior strong, lower one absent.

Abdomen ovate-cordiform, pointed at apex, hair rather long and conspicuous,

especially at sides, setae not clearly defined.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge. Apex of 7, slightly beyond

level of ym, the latter at three-fifths of discal cell. 74,;; and m somewhat con-

verging at apex, 74,; being gradually and slightly curved backwards, and m

being slightly upcurved in apical third. Calyptrae greyish white, subopaque,

with pale grey border and fringe, the lower one half as long again as upper

one, rather strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with one rather

strong ~ preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 submedian setae; hind femora with 2-3

strong av near apex and a fd (almost d) preapical, hind tibiae with an ad beyond

middle, an av almost at two-thirds, and a d preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, gooo ft. (F.W.E.), 2 type. The male

is unknown, but it may be inferred from the group-characters of the female

that it will be dichoptic.

Limnophora fuscohalterata sp. n. 3

Length, 2-6 mm.; of wings, 2°6 mm.

Black, face greyish brown, the whole of the dorsal surface dull brown,

ventral surface dull grey dusted, mesopleura and anterior part of sternopleura

MUSCIDAE 393

with some suffused spots of brown dust, interfrontalia brownish black with

some brown dust on frontal triangle and on a broad median strip from its

anterior end to lunula. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, tibiae more

brownish.

Head a third higher than long, frontal profile straight, slightly sloping,

occipital profile convex, facial profile moderately concave; frons fully half as

wide as head, as long as wide at vertex, slightly and evenly dilated to lunula;

frontal triangle broadly rounded anteriorly, its sides only slightly converging,

reaching anterior fourth of frons, interfrontalia 4—5 times as wide as a parietale,

the latter with 1 reclinate and 3 inclinate setae. Inner vertical rather strong,

outer one quite conspicuous, ocellars long and rather thin. Face slightly nar-

rowed to middle from where it is somewhat dilated to ventral extremity of

eyes, the bend of the Jateral boundary describing almost an obtuse angle

at middle; parafacialia not quite half as wide, jowls fully as wide, as third

antennal joint. The latter two and a half times as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista rather short, the

basal third incrassate, the longest hairs not quite as long as the basal diameter

of the arista.

Thorax with 2 rows of acy from neck to beyond first post de and with 3-4

rows towards scutellum, 2+3 moderately strong dc, 2 not very strong 7a;

scutellum with a few sparse setulae on disc and the normal 2 pairs of marginal

setae, which are strong. Prostigmatal not very strong, propleural somewhat

stronger. 1-+-2 sfpl, the anterior one moderately strong, the posterior strong,

the lower one weak.

Abdomen ovate with rather broadly rounded apex, moderately flattened;

the fourth ventrite somewhat convex and visible in lateral aspect,

broadly emarginate at apex, dorsum rather densely short-setulose, each

segment with a weak lateral discal and 2 somewhat stronger lateral

marginals.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat brownish tinged. Apex of 7, just beyond

level of y-m, the latter at middle of discal cell. 74;; and m hardly converging

at apex, the former being very slightly and gradually curved backwards, the

latter being perfectly straight. Calyptrae brownish subopaque with fuscous-

brown margin and fringe, lower calyptra half as long again as upper one, rather

strongly projecting. Halteres fuscous.

Legs. fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with 1 / preapical,

mid-tibiae with 2 pf setae, the proximal one at middle; hind femora

with 2 rather strong av setae near apex, otherwise without outstanding

setae except for the ad row and a d preapical, hind tibiae with an

ad somewhat beyond middle, an av not much beyond the ad, and a

d preapical.

Ucanpa: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (/.W.E.), 3 type.

394 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limnophora tetragramma sp. n. 3 (Fig. 13)

Length, 3-7 mm.; of wings, 3°4 mm.

Black, brown and greyish white dusted, the dust on parafrontalia and face

in lateral view, and on anterior-lateral triangles of the abdomen with silvery

white reflections, the parafacialia and a rather large spot above each vibrissa

appearing black in anterior view. Interfrontalia dull black, frontal triangle

somewhat shining, but with some brown dust, vertex with a transverse thinly

greyish dusted area, cerebrale behind it and upper third of occiput along eye-

margin brown dusted, antennae and palpi fuscous, brownish-grey dusted, prst

part of mesonotum with a brown-dusted median vitta and, parallel with it,

with a brown-dusted elongate spot from behind neck to second frst dc, the

dorsum otherwise thinly whitish dusted, the dorso-lateral area and the pleurae

densely whitish dusted, post part and scutellum brown dusted, except for the

area from the posterior postalars and the last dc to the basal third of scutellum.

Dorsal surface of abdomen rather shining black with thin brown dust, a rather

large anterior lateral triangle on second and fourth segments densely whitish

dusted, the silvery reflections of the smaller dorsal and the bigger lateral part

of these triangles shifting with the direction of the light. Legs fuscous, the

femora with thin grey dust.

Head half as high again as long, occipital profile convex, facial profile

concave, frontal profile straight, converging anteriorly with anterior half of

peristomal profile. Frons almost half as wide at vertex as head, evenly and

moderately dilated to lunula, as long as wide, frontal triangle broad, reaching

anterior fourth, interfrontalia 6 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter

with 1 reclinate and 3-4 inclinate setae. Inner vertical and ocellars strong,

outer vertical absent. Face narrowed slightly and for a short distance only at

level of arista, moderately dilated in a straight line from there to level of

vibrissa ; parafacialia less than half, jowls one and a half times, the width of the

third antennal segment. The latter three and a half times as long as wide near

base, somewhat dilated with the anterior (dorsal) apical angle somewhat pro-

jecting though narrowly rounded, falling short of mouth-margin by its basal

width; arista rather evenly short-haired, the longest hairs almost twice as long

as its basal diameter.

Thorax with 4 irregular rows of acy in front of suture, the outer ones dis-

tinctly longer, and with 6 rows behind suture; 2+-3 dc, the first prst one, how-

ever, rather indistinct, za indistinct, ph and anterior postalar rather small,

the other main setae well developed, disc of scutellum with some fine setulae.

Propleural and prostigmatal rather small, lower prostigmatal hairlike. 1-2

stpl, even the lower one moderately strong.

Abdomen subconically ovate, hypopygium almost vertical; fourth ventrite

almost reaching apex of abdomen, triangularly excised and each lobe rather

395

MUSCIDAE

Dorsal view. p, preapical seta of

Tic. 13.—Limnophora tetragvamma sp. n., 3.

mid-femur.

396 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

broadly rounded at tip, conspicuous in profile. Third and fourth segments with

a marginal row of not very strong setae, consisting of 3—4 pairs each.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat brownish tinged, 7-m hardly before level of

apex of 7,, well beyond middle of discal cell. 74,; and m hardly noticeably

converging at apex, the former only very slightly curved backwards from

middle of last section to apex, m virtually straight. Calyptrae whitish with

whitish fringe, the border somewhat dull yellowish, lower calyptra half as long

again as upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres fuscous.

Legs (3) with strongly and evenly incrassate front tibiae, which are devoid

of submedian setae and obliquely truncate at apex from dorsal to ventral

surface, so that an elliptic oblique apical disc is formed, at the ventral end

of which the metatarsus is inserted (Fig. 13), the latter strongly flattened and

evenly dilated to base where it is more than twice as wide as second tarsal

joint; mid-femora with an a seta beyond basal third and a single rather strong

p preapical, mid-tibiae with only 1 # seta which lies at second fifth; hind

femora with two conspicuous av setae near apex, a not very conspicuous ad

row, and ad preapical, hind tibiae with a d preapical and an ad seta at middle

(on one side in addition with an a seta at the same level).

UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), g type.

Limnophora alhitarsis Stein 1915, of Stein 1918 (nec 1915), which I have

seen through the courtesy of Dr. A. Sods, may be the female of this species,

to which it traces in the key. It has, however, only two inclinate frontal setae,

pale halteres, two pairs of thoracic vittae (the outer ones rather inconspicuous),

a pair of large transverse triangular dark spots on each of the intermediate

abdominal segments, and a pair of smaller oval dark spots on the fourth.

L. albitarsis Stein 1915 (from Formosa) is almost certainly distinct from this

female from Mujenje in Uganda, and certainly from L. tetragramma. ~

Limnophora leptopus sp. n. 39

Length, 5-0 mm.; of wings, 5*I-5°3 mm.

Black with whitish grey and brown dust, interfrontalia dull black with thin

brown dust, frontal triangle somewhat shining, parafrontalia dark-brown

dusted, the silver-white or silver-grey pollinosity of the face ascending along

the outer side of the frontal setae, so that the anterior third of the parafrontalia

is pale dusted outwards of the setae; more than upper half (9), or cerebrale and

outer upper third (2), of occiput fuscous with brownish dust. Mesonotum brown

dusted and rather shining, a paired thinly grey-dusted vitta inwards of the dc

extending from neck to suture, the area from the prsc and last de to apex of

scutellum also thinly greyish dusted, the apex and dorso-lateral margin of the

scutellum with suffused brown dusted areas; dorso-lateral area from somewhat

outwards of the ph and prst to suture and pleurae densely whitish-grey dusted.

MUSCIDAE 397

First abdominal segment almost entirely brown dusted on dorsum, second and

third each with a pair of large triangular spots, which leave a rather narrow

median vitta and an antero-lateral triangle pale dusted, fourth segment with

a large dark median spot, which is roundish (2) or triangular with the apex at

the base of the segment, and which extends over the whole length of the

segment. Antennae, palpi and legs black with some brown-grey dust.

Head two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile rather straight, facial

profile somewhat concave, frontal profile strongly sloping and rather straight,

especially in male, somewhat rounded only near vertex, peristomal profile at

right angles with occipital one, less than the anterior half strongly raised to

vibrissae. Frons somewhat more than a quarter (3) or third (?) head-width at

vertex, somewhat narrowed to anterior third, where it is one-fifth head-width

(g), or of even width (2), almost twice as long as wide at narrowest point (3)

or hardly longer than wide (9); frontal triangle reaching lunula, rather narrow

in male, where its anterior part is linear; interfrontalia at middle 4 (3) or 6 (2)

times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter moderately widened both anteriorly

and posteriorly with 6—7 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae in both sexes. Inner

vertical strong, outer one not very strong, ocellars rather long, but not very

strong. Face gradually somewhat widened (3), hardly noticeably narrowed to

level of arista and conspicuously widened in an almost straight, just noticeably

sinuate, line thence to lower end of eye (2); parafacialia almost a third (3) or

almost half (2) the width of the third antennal segment, jowls as wide (¢) or

half as wide again (?) as third antennal segment. The latter thrice as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its own width, arista

long and thin, the basal quarter to third rather suddenly somewhat incrassate,

the longest hairs about as long as its basal diameter.

Thorax with 4 irregular rows of acr in front of suture and in addition I or 2

odd hairs near suture, with about 6 irregular rows behind suture; 2-3 strong

dc, a moderately strong posterior 7a, the anterior one indistinct or very weak;

prsc weak, the other setae of normal development; disc of scutellum with rather

numerous hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal not very strong; 1-+1 stl, the

antertor one rather weak, in g rather indistinct.

Abdomen moderately flattened, oblong-ovate (3) or ovate, somewhat

pointed (2). Hypopygium not prominent, fourth ventrite with numerous long’

fine erect hairs, apex excised in a broad and not very deep arch, the lobes short

and rather broadly rounded at apex. Hairs rather long, especially at sides, the

marginal row of the third and fourth segments formed by somewhat long

hairs only.

Wings subhyaline, in male slightly brownish tinged, apex of 7, slightly

beyond level of 7m, the latter well beyond middle of discal cell; 74; and

m conspicuously converging, the former being moderately curved backwards,

the latter conspicuously upcurved in apical third. Calyptrae whitish-grey

398 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

subhyaline with yellowish border and fringe, rather large, the lower one

half as long again as the upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish

yellow.

Legs with rather long and slender tarsi. In male the fore metatarsus is

only an eighth shorter than the tibia with a slight nodiform dilation at base,

which is furnished with a tuft of short dense white hairs below, fore metatarsus

tapering to apex, second and third segments also very slender, fifth dilatate

and strongly flattened. Fore tibia without a submedian seta; (mid- and hind

legs of type missing) in female the mid-femora with a strong a seta towards

middle and 2 (fd and #) preapicals, mid-tibiae with 2 fd setae; hind femora

with an ad row, 3 strong av near apex, and a d preapical, hind tibiae with an

ad at middle, an av somewhat beyond it, and a d preapical.

Ucanpa: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), g type, I 2

paratype. The head of the type was removed and re-fixed in order to check

the presence of prosternal hairs. In a female from CAMEROON: Musaka, Mt.

Cameroon, 6350 ft., 13.1.32, in beating (JZ. Steele), the anterior fost za is distinct,

and the paramedian prs vittae are not fused anteriorly.

Limnophora subobsignata sp. n. ¢

Length, 5-6 mm.; of wings, 5-8 mm.

Black with brown-black and whitish-grey pollinosity. Interfrontalia black,

parafrontalia brown dusted except for anterior quarter, which is silver-grey

dusted like the jowls and parafacialia, the latter with a spot of blackish reflec-

tions on upper half; occiput dark but for the lateral part of ventral half. Thorax

with a pair of large prst spots, which are separated almost to neck by a long

and narrow pale-dusted wedge, and which coalesce more or less with the post

band if viewed anteriorly, but which are separated from that band by a narrow

pale-dusted band if viewed posteriorly ; post band very broad at the dc, the last

pair of which it almost reaches, produced to base of scutellum between the dc,

but somewhat narrowed outwards of the dc, so that it is narrowly separated

from the dark coloration of the basal two-thirds of scutellum, which coloration

extends forwards over the postalar callosities; pleurae with a broad brown-

‘dusted band over the lower part of the shoulders, the mesopleura (but for the

upper extremity), pteropleura and metapleura, this band extending to ventral

surface on anterior half of st/l. Abdomen with a pair of roundish spots on the

first, of large subtrapezoidal spots on the second and third, and a large discal

spot on the fourth segment; the spots of the second and especially third segment

show a tendency towards becoming L-shaped. Antennae, palpi and legs

fuscous-black.

Head halt as high again as long at vibrissae, occipital profile shghtly convex

below, frontal profile slightly convex, strongly sloping, facial profile somewhat

MUSCIDAE 399

concave, the vibrissal angles moderately produced, peristomal profile strongly

rounded in anterior half, where it is strongly raised to mouth-margin. Eyes

separated by somewhat more than the width of the third antennal joint, frons

almost equally and only moderately widened in front and behind, face rather

strongly dilated with convex sides, the inner margin of the eyes being markedly

emarginate in anterior view towards lower extremity, which lies just above

level of mouth-margin; parafrontalia rather narrow, with about 10 moderately .

strong inclinate (the upper ones somewhat reclinate) setae, which almost reach

level of anterior ocellus. Ocellars not very strong, verticals fine and not very

distinct from the occipital row. Para-

facialia half as wide, jowls more than

half as wide again, as third antennal

segment. The latter two and a half

times as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by not quite its own

width; arista about as wide, including

plumosity (at basal third), as third

antennal joint, the rays becoming

gradually shorter to middle and apex.

Thorax with 2-+4 strong dc, acr in

about 4 irregular rows before and 6

behind suture, hairlike except for the

prsc, which are conspicuous but not

strong; only the posterior post ta

present and moderately strong; disc

of scutellum with numerous short hairs

and a few setulose ones near apex.

Propleural and _ prostigmatal setae

rather strong, anterior and especially lower sffl only moderately strong,

posterior one very strong, the lower one fully twice as far from the anterior

as from the posterior one.

Abdomen (Fig. 14) slightly flattened, subconical-truncate, almost oblong-

ovate; hair rather long, especially towards sides, the rows of longer marginals

not very conspicuous on the median part of the anterior two segments, but

strongly developed on the posterior ones, the fourth in addition with a row of

strong discals, the third with a row of rather weak ones. Hypopygium not

prominent; fourth ventrite with a shallow incision, the anterior end of which

is somewhat truncate, the apical margin of the ventrite convex on either side

of this truncature.

Wings subhyaline, conspicuously smoky; 7, ending at level of 7m, the

latter almost at two-thirds of discal cell; 74.; and m strongly converging to

apex, the former being somewhat curved backwards, the latter strongly

Fie. 14.—Limnophora subobsignata sp. n., 3.

Dorsal view of abdomen.

400 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

upcurved and slightly sigmoid in apical two-fifths of last section. Calyptrae

subhyaline, somewhat smoky with brownish border and fringe; the lower one

about half as long again as upper one and strongly projecting. Halteres pale

yellowish.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with a rather strong

a seta towards middle, 3 erect stiff pu setae near base and a p and fd pre-

apical, mid-tibiae with two strong f setae; hind femora with a rather strongly

developed ad row, a pd preapical and 2 not very strong av near apex; hind

tibiae with an ad at middle, a slightly smaller av slightly more apical and a

d preapical.

Ucanpa: Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), g type. Very closely

related and similar to L. obsignata Rond., from which it differs by shorter aristal

rays, stronger and much more equal dc, somewhat more extended dark pattern

and the chaetotaxy of the parafrontalia of the male.

{[Limnophora macrophthalma sp. n. 39]

Length, 2-5-3:3 mm.; of wings, 2-4-3-I mm.

Black with dark brown and whitish grey pollinosity. Interfrontalia dull

black with somewhat brassy shining, distinctly shagreened frontal triangle;

head otherwise densely whitish-grey dusted except for the occiput, which is

fuscous brown, in lateral view with grey reflections. Thorax with a pair of large,

somewhat suffused and shifting brownish-black prst spots, which reach the

second prst dc posteriorly and the ph and frst exteriorly, and which are narrowly

separated on median line, except towards neck, where they coalesce; post band

with a perfectly straight front margin at suture except laterally, hind margin

almost straight, passing through or slightly in front of the fourth post dc; scutel-

lum wholly dark. First abdominal segment wholly dark, second and third each

with a pair of large trapezoidal or broadly triangular spots, which leave only

a narrow parallel-sided median vitta and lateral anterior angles grey dusted;

fourth segment with an elongate fusiform median spot. Antennae, palpi and

legs fuscous-brown.

Head (Vig. 15) one-half higher than long at vibrissae, occipital profile almost

straight, facial profile slightly concave, but rather. long, frontal profile moder-

ately convex in upper, almost straight in lower, half, peristomal profile straight

in posterior three-quarters, suddenly very strongly bent up (c. 120°) and strongly

ascending to mouth-margin. Frons almost one-third head-width at vertex,

two-fifths head-width at lunula, like the face gradually and evenly slightly

widened and with almost straight margins, lower extremity of eyes well below

level of mouth-margin, parafrontalia a quarter the width of the interfrontalia

behind, less than half the width of the interfrontalia in front, with 3-4 inclinate

and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate one being smaller than the posterior

MUSCIDAE 401

one; frontal triangle reaching lunula. Ocellars

and inner and outer verticals strong. Para-

facialia hardly half as wide, jowls not or hardly

more than fully as wide, as third antennal

segment. The latter almost thrice as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than

its width; arista with rather widely spaced

short, curved rays; including plumosity three-

quarters to fully the width of the third

antennal joint; the rays of about equal length

from basal fourth to well beyond middle, where

they are about half as long as the width of the

third antennal joint. Fic. 15.—Limnophorva macro-

Thorax with the acr in 4 irregular rows phthalma sp. n., 2. Lateral view

before and 6-8 behind the suture, prsc distinct gi head

but rather small; 2-+4 dc, of which the second prst and third post ones are

moderately strong and the fourth fost one very strong; both post za well

developed but not very strong; scutellum with numerous short hairs. Pro-

pleural and prostigmatal setae and anterior stf/ moderately strong, posterior

stpl very strong, lower stf/ rather weak, almost twice as distant from anterior

as from posterior one.

Abdomen subcircular-subcordate, pointed at apex; second and third seg-

ments each with a row of weak marginals, which become slightly longer towards

sides, second to fourth in addition with 1 or 2 inconspicuous lateral discals.

Wings subhyaline with a very slight brownish tinge; 7, ending at or slightly

beyond level of vm, the latter somewhat oblique, at three-fifths of discal cell;

’4+, and m converging at apex, the former being somewhat curved backwards

and the latter being shortly and slightly, but quite distinctly upcurved near

apex. Calyptrae whitish, the lower one subopaque, with pale yellow border and

fringe; lower calyptra a quarter longer than upper one, conspicuously projecting,

with narrowly rounded apex. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with a row of a

few short a setae, which terminates in a rather strong one towards middle, and

with a f and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 # setae, the more distal one usually

smaller; hind femora with an ad row I-2 av near apex, and a pd preapical,

hind tibiae with an ad at middle, an av shortly beyond it, and a d@ preapical.

UGANDA: Kampala, 6.v.32 (G. L. R. Hancock), 2 type. GoLbD Coast:

Kumasi (]. Bowden), 1.vii.47 2 2 paratypes, 4.ix.47 3 2 paratypes, 9.1x.47 I dg,

I 2 paratypes (some paratypes returned to Mr. Bowden); Accra, 2.vili.42 (I.

Snyder) 2 3 paratypes. LIBERIA: Robertsport, 27.11 and 4.iv.43 (£. Smyder)

2 2 paratypes.

The smallest measurements of length refer to a male from BELGIAN CONGO:

402 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Eala, 1.35 (/. Ghesquiére), belonging to the Muséum Royal d’Hist. nat. at

Brussels, which male has come to hand since the above description was written,

and which tallies with the type, so that it may be regarded as a paratype. The

head is dichoptic, the vertex being even very slightly over a third head-width;

the anterior fost 1a absent; the abdomen subcircular with the sides slightly

straightened and converging posteriorly and the apex very broadly rounded,

the genitalia being very large and broad, but not very protruding, fourth

segment slightly longer than the third on dorsal surface, but much longer on

lateral and ventral surfaces; fourth ventrite even longer, its apex truncate and

fringed with very short yellowish cilia; fifth tergite very convex in length and

breadth, sixth tergite also convex and rather large, with a conspicuous median

groove. The Kumasi male, which Mr. Bowden has kindly presented to the

British Museum (Natural History), is very slightly larger than the Eala male

and has a distinct anterior fost 7a, as have the Accra males.

This species is apparently not closely related to any other. Its small size

and the shape of the head are reminiscent of the first group of species.

[Limnophora somereni sp. n. 3 @ (Fig. 16)]

Length, 4-9-6:2 mm.; of wings, 4-6-5-4 mm.

Black with dark brown and whitish grey pollinosity. Interfrontalia dull

black, in 2 with a slightly shining frontal triangle, parafrontalia, except for

anterior extremity, and occiput, but for ventro-lateral parts, dark, rest of head

with greyish-white pollinosity, showing blackish reflections. Thorax with a

pair of completely or almost completely fused frst spots, which are truncate

behind, at right angles with the median line, and which pass the prst and the

second prst dc; the pale prst band complete or narrowly interrupted on median

line by brown pollinosity ; post band broad with a straight fore margin at suture

and a slightly convex hind margin, which passes actually or virtually through

the last de; scutellum dark dusted except for the apex beyond the stronger

discal bristies, which is pale-grey dusted; pleurae with shifting blackish reflec-

tions. Abdomen with the first segment dark but for a narrow median vitta on

posterior part and the region of the hind angles; second and third each with a

pair of large subtriangular spots, which leave a parallel-sided narrow median

vitta and the anterior angles pale dusted; fourth segment dark on dorsal surface

but for the anterior angles, the dark spot sometimes tapering to a point or even

petering out anteriorly. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head almost twice as high as long (9) or half as high again as long (9) at

vibrissae, occipital profile hardly (¢) or slightly (2) convex, facial profile

moderately concave, frontal profile moderately convex, the lower third in female

almost straight, peristomal profile slightly convex in posterior two-thirds,

gradually more strongly ascending to vibrissal angles, which are moderately

MUSCIDAE 403

| Fic.

16.—Limnophora somereni sp. n.,

mid-femur.,

3. Dorsal view. p, preapical setae of

404 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

produced. Eyes of male separated by less than width of third antennal segment,

of female by a third head-width at vertex and slightly more at lunula; frons

of male equally dilated above and below; face moderately strongly dilated

ventrally, with the sides slightly convex towards lower extremity of eyes in

male, but virtually straight and obtusely and slightly bent outwards just above

base of arista in female; parafrontalia almost linear with 8—1o inclinate and

2 small proclinate setae in male, the inclinate setae occupying about anterior

two-thirds, the proclinate ones slightly in front of anterior ocellus, parafrontalia

of female a quarter the width of the interfrontalia, with 4-5 inclinate and

2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate smaller than the posterior one; frontal

triangle of female reaching Iunula. Ocellars not very strong, verticals fine but

rather distinct ($) or ocellars and verticals strong (2). Parafacialia half (3)

or almost fully (2) as wide, jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment.

The latter two and a half times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin

by almost its own width; arista almost twice as wide, including plumosity, as

third antennal segment, the longest rays at least as long as width of third

antennal segment, the rays gradually becoming shorter from basal third to apex.

Thorax with 4 irregular rows of acr before and 6 behind suture; 2+4 dc,

the anterior 2 post ones not very strong; anterior post za weak or indistinct;

disc of scutellum with rather numerous short hairs. Propleural, prostigmatal

and anterior stpl rather strong, posterior stl very strong, lower one not very

strong, about twice as distant from the anterior as from the posterior one.

Abdomen subconical-truncate with the fourth segment somewhat more

narrowed (3) or ovate with pointed apex (9); hair rather long in male, especially

laterally ; the marginal rows conspicuous on the third and fourth segments of the

male only, the first two segments of the male and all segments of the female with

some fairly distinct marginals towards sides only; fourth segment (¢ 9) with a

row of conspicuous discals, consisting of 3 pairs. Hypopygium of male not

prominent, lying on apical truncature, sixth segment with a median depression;

fourth ventrite broadly and obtusely excised, the apex of the excision rounded.

Wings subhyaline, distinctly brownish; 7, distinctly exceeding level of 7-m,

the latter at (9) or slightly before (2) three-fifths of discal cell; 74,; and m

converging near apex, the former being somewhat curved backwards, the latter

markedly upcurved in apical two-fifths of last section and with a just noticeable

sigmoid curve. -Calyptrae subhyaline (less so in 9), somewhat smoky in apical

part, border and fringe pale brownish; lower calyptra a quarter longer than

upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an a seta

shortly before middle, a f and fd preapical, and, in male, with 2—3 erect not

very strong pu setae near base, mid-tibiae with 2 p setae; hind femora with

an ad row, a pd preapical and (1—)2 av near apex, hind tibiae with an ad just

beyond middle, an av slightly beyond it, and a d preapical.

MUSCIDAE 405

Kenya: Nairobi, vii.30 (V. G. L. van Someren), 3 type; 5 3, 1 9 paratypes;

Meru, vii.43 (V. G. L. van Someren), r 3 paratype; Nyeri, x.48 (V. G. L. van

Someren), I 2 paratype.

Very similar to the ¢rigemina-form with less extended black pattern

(p. 428), but in the present species the rays of the arista are much longer, the

mid-tibiae have 2 p setae, the median vitta of the abdomen is narrower, and

the calyptrae are more whitish.

Fig. 17.—Limnophora obsignata Rond. Male genitalia. (a) right superior forceps;

(b) left inferior forceps (apex somewhat bent up and therefore foreshortened) ;

all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

Iie. 18.—Limnophora obsignata Rond., abnormal specimen? Male genitalia.

(a) right superior forceps; (b) left inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere ;

(e) anterior paramere. Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3. Scale o-r mm.

Limnophora obsignata Rond. (Iigs. 17, 18)

1866, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 9: 117.

Ucanpa: Budongo Forest (F.W.E.), 1 3.

Typical locality: S. Iraty; of ostensackenit Jaenn. AByssINiA; of albicincta

Big. CAPE. Recorded from S. Europe: S. France. Corsica. Sardinia. CANARY

ISLANDS. SyRIA. ERITREA. SOCOTRA. TANGANYIKA: Kibonoto (Kilimanjaro) ;

Mto-ja-kifaru; Moshi; Arusha-Ju; Shirati. NATAL: Durban. RHopESIA. CAPE

PROVINCE.

IT, 6 (f)

406 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

In B.M. from: BELGIAN Conco: Katanga, Tenke, 30.vii-g.vili.31 (J. Ogilvie) ;

Mount near Tshibinda, 21-27.vili.31 (J. Ogilvie); Kenya: Nairobi, 1933

(C. B. Symes); Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner). >? TANGANYIKA:Ufiomi,

2.v1.16, in well-watered valley (W. A. Lamborn), genitalia, see Fig. 18 (or an

undescribed species?). _NyASALAND: Blantyre, 14.vii.1o (J. E. S. Old). S.

RaopEsIA: Shangani, De Beer’s Ranch, v.32 (Miss A. Mackie). NATAL: Willow

Grange (R. C. Wroughton).

In addition to normal specimens two females are at hand in which the black

pattern is strongly reduced and consists only of a pair of small elongate prst

spots, which reach the second dc behind, a not very broad post band, which is

almost interrupted on median line and shortened at sides, a transverse spot

on the suture between mesonotum and scutellum, and a pair of small spots on

the second and third abdominal segments; in the S. African specimen the

fourth segment has a narrow median vitta. The localities are: SuDaN: W.

Darfur, Jebel Murra, Karanga, west side of mountain, 6600 ft., 23.iv.32 (Miss

M. Steele), CAPE PROVINCE: Van Rhyn’s Pass, 11—21.xi.31 (T. D. A. Cockerell).

No males or normal females from these localities are available. The base of

the abdomen is sometimes slightly yellowish translucent (e.g. the Naivasha

specimen); such specimens cannot be distinguished from translucida, except

by dissection.

Limnophora translucida Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 517.

n. syn.? Limnophora flavibasis Stein, 1906, Berlin. ent. Zeit. 51: 63.

UcanDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 9 3, 16 2; Kyarumba,

4500 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 3, 29; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (E. G. Gibbins),

I g, 1 9; Budongo Forest (F.W.E.), 1 3, 3 9.—Typical localities: TANGANYIKA:

Moshi. AByssINIA: Marakwo; Tschertscher. Nata: Durban. S. RHODESIA:

Salisbury; Chirinda Forest. Recorded from: NATAL: New Hanover. UGANDA:

Mujenje (by Stein). In B.M. from: SterRA LEONE. GOLD Coast. N. NIGERIA.

SAO THOME ISLAND, 31.x.32 (W. H. T. Tams), 1 9. PRINCIPE ISLAND, 21.xi1.32

(W.H.T. Tams), 19. ANGOLA: Kapeio, 22.vii.31 (T. D. A. Cockerell). BELGIAN

Conco: Elisabethville, 6-17.ix.31 (7. D. A. Cockerell, Mrs. L. Ogilvie, Miss

A. Mackie); Katanga, Dilolo, 24-27.vu.31 (J. Ogilvie); Katanga, Tenke,

30.Vil.-9.vill.31 (J. Ogilvie); Lake Tanganyika, Laraba nr. Baraka, 1.iv.27

(R. Bots). Apyssinta. UGANDA (G. D. H. Carpenter). KEnNyA: Trans-

Nzoia District nr. Cherangani Hills, 40 miles east of Mt. Elgon, 6200 ft.,

6-9.11.25 (C. R. S. Pitman); Nairobi, vii.30 and ix.37 (van Someren) ; Naivasha,

vil.37 (H. J. A. Turner). TANGANYIKA: Kilossa, 21.iv.22 (A. Loveridge);

Moshi, 4.v.16 (W. A. Lamborn). NYASALAND: Ruo, 200 ft., 28.11.16 (R. C.

Wood); 'Limbe, 27.x11.16 (R. C. Wood); Kotakota (J. E: S. Old): N.W.

RHODESIA: Kasempa District, 1907 (A. Yale Massey). S. RHODESIA: Mt.

Chirinda, 3800 ft., rgro-1r (C. F. M. Swynnerton); Salisbury, 26.i11.39

MUSCIDAE 407

(A. Cuthbertson). PortuGuUESE E. Arrica: Inyamadzi R., 24.v.39 (W. L.

Williams); east of Mt. Mlanje, 19.xi.13 (S. A. Neave). ZULULAND: Lower

Umfulosi River, 1922 (H. H. Curson). Natat: Umbilo (L. Bevis); Weenen

(H. P. Thomasset). Seen from: SUDAN: Nagichot, 31.111.46 (D. J. Lewis).

Fic. 19.—Limnophora trvanslucida Stein. Male genitalia. (a)

right superior forceps; (b) right inferior forceps; (c) penis;

(d) anterior paramere, all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3;

(e) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-1 mm.

Fic. 20.—Limmnophora flavi-

Tic. 21.—Limnophora translucida Stein, Mt. Chirinda. basis Stein? Male genitalia.

Male genitalia. (a) right superior forceps; (b) right inferior (a) fourth ventrite, Leitz

forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere; (e) anterior eyepiece 2, objective 3; (d)

paramere, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (/) fourth ventrite, right superior forceps, Leitz

Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-t mm. 4, 3. Scales o-r mm.

UGANDA: Buunga, 20.v.26 (G. L. R. Hancock); Kampala, 1.ix.18 (C. C. Gowdey),

28.1x.33 (G. H. E. Hopkins); Mpumu, 22.v.10 (C. A. Wiggins). Kenya: Rabai,

vill.37 (van Someren); Ruiru, 20.vi.32 (H. C. James); Mbogollale Songhab,

ix.17 (I. J. Anderson); Taveta Forest, viii.47 (V. G. L. van Someren). S.

RuHopEsIA: Lomagundi, vii.32, on fresh human faeces (A. Cuthbertson); Vamba

Mts., Umtali District, iii.38 (A. Cuthbertson). PorTUGUESE E. Arrica: Barada,

24.1v.40 (B. Lebied). TRANSVAAL: Pretoria (J. C. Faure). NAtTAL: Durban,

31.11.13 (W. J. Haygarth).

Stein does not mention a male from Tschertscher, but as a typical specimen

seen by me is labelled ‘“‘Tschertscher rgtr x.’’ as stated by Stein, it may be

assumed that Stein’s somewhat summary data are incomplete, and that the

408 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

specimen has correctly been labelled ‘‘ paratypus’’.

paratypes.

But for a female from Budongo Forest in Dr. Edwards’ material all the

specimens at hand are the form described by Stein as translucida. L. flavibasis

was erected on a single male from Mt. Buea, Cameroons, tvanslucida on a

considerable number of specimens from various parts of the Ethiopian region,

among them Chirinda Forest. The only difference between the two forms which

can be derived from Stein’s descriptions is the shape of the prst spot. However,

besides specimens with normal pattern, the material from Chirinda Forest

contains one male with fused prst spots which extend on to the shoulders. This

specimen is for the time being considered to be the only flavibasis Stein at hand;

its exterior characters are mentioned in the key. The superior forceps of the

normal male (Fig. 21) in the Chirinda series differs, however, more from that

of normal males from Kenya (Fig. 19) than that of the Chirinda male (Fig. 20)

with fused spots.

Also seen: Marakwo, 2 2

Tic. 22.—Limnophorva notabilis Stein. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps (in

somewhat oblique position); (b) right inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) anterior

paramere, all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (e) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales.

o'r mm.

Limnophora notabilis Stein (Fig. 22)

1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: 105.

n. syn. L. macfier Mall., 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 166.

?n. syn. L. bistriata Stein, 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 126.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 5 3g, 14 2; Mt. Elgon,

Butandiga, 7000 ft., vi.34 (J. Ford), x 3.

Typical localities: EGypt: Cairo; Suez; Assiut; of macfier: N. NIGERIA:

Zungeru; of bistriata: KeNya: Aberdares, 2600-2700 m. Recorded from:

CANARY ISLANDS. TANGANYIKA: Mto-ja-kifaru; Moshi; Arusha-Ju; Shirati.

Nata: Durban; New Hanover. S. RHODESIA: Salisbury. PORTUGUESE E.

AFricA: Lombo. AByssINIA: Tschertscher; Diredawa. UGANDA: Mujenje. In

B.M. from: PALESTINE. Ecypt. AByssINIA. ADEN (the females somewhat

differing from typical ones). TANGANYIKA: Zanzibar, 1-11.25 (H. J. Snell).

(eee | ee See

MUSCIDAE 409

NYASALAND: Zomba (H.S.Stannus) ; Mt. Mlanje, 6500 ft., 11.xi. 13 (S. A. Neave).

PORTUGUESE E. AFRICA: east of Mt. Mlanje, 3-7.x.13 (S. A. Neave). N.W.

RuHopEsIA: Chilanga, 2.vili.13, in house (R. C. Wood). S. RuopEstA: De Beer’s

Ranch, Shangani, v.32 (Miss A. Mackie, Mrs. L. Ogilvie); Matapo Hills, iv.32

(Miss A. Mackie). TRANSVAAL: Louis Treichardt, iv.32 (Miss A. Mackie).

NataL: Weenen (H. P. Thomasset); Ingogo, iii.32 (Miss A. Mackie). Carr

PROVINCE: Nieuwoudtville, 18—22.xi.31 (Miss A. Mackie). N. BECHUANALAND.

S.W. ArricA. ANGOLA: Kapeio, 22.vii.31 (7. D. A. Cockerell), BELGIAN CONGO:

Tshibinda, 21-27.vili.31; Sakania, 1x.31; Katanga Biano, 8—11.viii.31 (Miss A.

Mackie). SIERRA LEONE: Waterloo, vii.24, 9 of 383 Diptera found on Frangi-

panni tree in flower (A. Blacklock). Seen from: CAPE PROVINCE: Lady Grey,

22.xii.25 (R. I. Nel). NataL: Umbilo, Durban, 4.x.14 (A. L. Bevis). S.

RHODESIA: Salisbury, 6.v.39, bred from cow dung (A. Cuthbertson); Maran-

clellas, Ruzawi R., iv.39 (sent in by A. Cuthbertson). UGANDA: Kampala,

28.ix.33 (G. H. E. Hopkins), 6.v.32 (G. L. R. Hancock); Kawanda, ix.42, un-

common (relatively) but persistent settler on face and neck (H. Hargreaves).

Kenya: Nairobi, vii.30 and 11.28 (van Someren), 1933 (C. B. Symes); Taita

Hills, viii.47 (van Someren) ; Karura, vi.37, on Lantana (van Someren) ; Kinangop,

xii.2z9 (HW. J. A. Turner); Ngong, v.36 (Miss M. Steele); Juba to Kisumu (in

aeroplane), 22.1v.35 (C. B. Symes). SuDAN: Khartoum, 27.x.34, at base of

Dianthus-plants (H. W. Bedford).

The type of macfier Mall. is badly broken and has neither mid nor hind legs.

What is preserved, is identical with the corresponding parts of notabilis.

Malloch’s description fits this species, but for the single av preapical of the

hind femora which he mentions. I do not find the av and fv setae of the hind

femora so strictly fixed in number that I should under any circumstances

exclude a specimen with only one seta from mofabilis, and I have made similar

observations in L. perfida and some species of Dichaetomyra (e.g. fumaria Stein,

fasciventris Mall., and nigripalpis Stein). I have not seen a specimen corre-

sponding to bistyrata Stein, which was described from 6 female specimens.

Perhaps it is a form of this species in which the dark pattern of the thorax is

even more extended than in the Aden females.

Limnophora excisa sp. n. 9

Length, 3°6-5:1 mm.; of wings, 3-7-4°8 mm.

Black with brown and whitish-grey pollinosity. Interfrontalia dull black;

the frontal triangle pale dusted on posterior two-thirds, brown dusted and

inconspicuous in anterior third, the dark coloration narrowly projecting

towards anterior ocellus and thus producing a median notch in the pale area;

parafrontalia brown dusted at the level of the anterior third of frontal triangle;

head otherwise pale dusted except for an occipital band along the verticals and

upper half of occipital row, the band bent downward on cerebrale, so that only

410 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

a wedge-shaped median spot of the latter remains pale. Thorax with a pair

of almost square frst spots, which do not or indistinctly reach neck and rst,

but which reach the pf and second frst dc; post band somewhat emarginate at

suture in front of the 7a and reaching the wing-base as a narrow somewhat

curved tongue with the sa lying on its inner hind margin, the latter running

from there to the anterior post 7a and bending sharply towards a point slightly

outwards and backwards of the second post de and showing a broad and shallow

emargination between the dc; scutellum with a band over basal two-fifths,

which encroaches slightly upon mesonotum medially. Abdomen with a pair

of suffused dark spots on first, a pair of semicircular to almost circular spots

on posterior half of second and third segments (contiguous with hind margin

for some distance), and a linear somewhat incomplete median vitta on fourth

segment. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head only slightly higher than long at vibrissae, occipital profile moderately

convex, facial profile rather strongly concave, the antennal base moderately

and the vibrissal angles rather strongly produced, frontal profile very slightly

convex, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds or more,

strongly curved and ascending towards mouth-margin. Frons a third head-

width at vertex, two-fifths head-width at lunula, like the face gradually and

evenly widened with almost straight sides; lower extremity of eyes above level

of mouth-margin ; parafrontalia a quarter the width of the interfrontalia behind,

not much narrower than interfrontalia at lunula, with 4-5 inclinate and 2

reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate smaller than the posterior one; frontal

triangle not quite reaching lunula. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals strong.

Parafacialia almost, jowls two to two and a half times as wide as third antennal

segment. The latter not quite two and a half times as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista about as wide, including

plumosity, as third antennal segment, the rays half as long as that width or

slightly longer.

Thorax with 3-4 irregular rows of acy before and 5-6 behind suture, prsc

distinct but small, 2+-3 rather strong dc; both post 1a well developed; scutellum

with rather numerous short hairs. Posterior s¢p/ strong, propleural, prostig-

matal, anterior and lower stfl rather strong, the latter slightly weaker and

almost twice as far from the anterior as from the posterior stl.

Abdomen sub-ovate with pointed apex, the marginal rows more conspicuous

on lateral surface only, where there are also one or a few lateral discals on the

second and third segments; fourth segment with a row of well-developed discals,

consisting of 3 pairs. :

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge; 7, ending at level of v-m,

the latter almost three-fifths of discal cell; 74; and m slightly converging at

apex, the former being curved backwards, the latter slightly upcurved at apical

third or two-fifths of last section. Calyptrae whitish subhyaline with pale

MUSCIDAE 4II

yellowish border and fringe; the lower one a third longer than the upper one,

strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.:

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta, mid-femora with an a seta

shortly before middle (and some smaller ones basad of it) and with a p and pd

preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 # setae; hind femora with an ad row, a pd preapical

and 1-2 av near apex, hind tibiae with an ad seta just beyond middle, an av

one a little distad of it, and a d preapical.

CAPE PROVINCE: Port Elizabeth, 29.x.31 (Mrs. L. Ogilvie), 9 type; Van

Rhyn’s Pass, 11-21.xi.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 2 paratype; Oudtshoorn, x.31

(J. Ogilvie), 1 9 paratype; Nieuwoudtville, 18—22.xi.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 9

paratype; Lady Grey, 3.11.25 (R. J. Nel), 1 9 paratype (to be returned to Dr. Nel).

In the Lady Grey specimen the p preapical only is present on the mid-femora.

Limnophora simulans Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 520.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 5 3, 22 9; Fort Portal,

4.xi1.34 (F.W.E.), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdares, Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft. (F.W.E.),

I 9. Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Arusha-Ju; Moshi; Mto-ja-kifaru.

Fic. 23.—Limnophora simulans Stein. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps;

(b) right inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) anterior paramere; (e) posterior paramere,

Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

Nata: Durban. AxByssiniA: Diredawa (paratype seen); Maraquo (2 paratypes

seen). Recorded from: TRANSVAAL: New Hanover. KENYA: Kikuyu Escarp-

ment; Nairobi; Kijabé, 2100 m.; Molo, 2420 m. In B.M. from: CAPE PROVINCE:

Uitenhage, 30.x.31 (J. Ogilvie); Doorn River, 3.xi.31 (J. Ogilvie); Cape Town

to Cape Point, xi.30 (H. W. Simmonds). NATAL: Willow Grange (R. C. Wrough-

ton); Weenen, in thorn country (H. P. Thomasset); Will Brook (Rk. C. Wrough-

ton). TRANSVAAL: Louis Treichardt, iv.32 (J. Ogilvie). ORANGE FREE STATE:

Bosrand, Afdeling Farm, 20.iii.34 (J. Ogilvie). S. RuopesiA: Mt. Chirinda,

3800 ft., Igro-11 (C. F. M. Swynnerton); Shangani, De Beer’s Ranch, v.32

(J. Ogilvie). N.W. RuopeEsIA: Chilanga, 4030 ft., 17 and 22.v.13, 30.Vv1.13,

2I.vili.I3, on wet ground by stream, in house, and at rest on grass (Ix. C. Wood).

412 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

NYASALAND: Blantyre (J. E. S. Old); Limbe, 27.xii.16 (R. C. Wood); Nkana,

5.vi.09 (J. B. Davey); Maiwale, 9.iv.32 (W. A. Lamborn). BELGIAN CONGO:

Katanga, Tenka, 30.vii-9.viii.31 (J. Ogilvie); Sakania, ix.31 (Miss A. Mackie).

KenyA: Trans-Nzoia District nr. Cherangani Hills, 40 miles east of Mt. Elgon,

6200 ft., 6-9.i1.25 (C. R. S. Pitman); Meru, vii.45 (V. G. L. van Someren).

ABYSSINIA. Seen from: TRANSVAAL: Pretoria, i.22 (J. Faure). S. RHODESIA:

Salisbury, 16.xii.38, on grasses (A. Cuthbertson); Marandellas, iv (sent in by

A.. Cuthbertson). UGANDA: Nkokonjeru, 23-27.xi.26 (G. L. R. Hancock) ;

Butandiga, 22.130 (H. Hargreaves). Kenya (C. B. Symes, J. I. Roberts);

Nairobi, ix.25 (K.M.D.), vii.30 (van Someren) ; Taita Hills, viti.47 (van Someren) ;

Naivasha, vii.36, vii.37, viii.37 (H. J. A. Turner); Ngong, v.36 (Miss Steele) ;

Karura, vi.37, caught on Lantana (van Someren).

From CAMEROONS: Mt. Cameroon, first plateau, 12.1.32 (MM. Steele) and

Onyanga, 8100 ft., 20.1.32, on grassland (M. Steele) three females are present

(in addition to one normal female), in which the fore tibiae possess a submedian

p seta and the prst spots are fused and narrowly connected on median line with

the post band (almost as in perfidodes). A single male with the same coloration

from the first plateau has no fore tibiae, its genitalia do not differ from those

of typical males (Fig. 23).

Limnophora elgonica sp. n. 3°

Length, 3°4—5:I mm.; of wings, 3:4-5'4 mm.

Black with dark brown and dense greyish white dust. Interfrontalia black,

somewhat velvety, upper half of occiput and parafrontalia except for anterior

quarter or so, brown dusted. The prst spots (Fig. 24) large and fused anteriorly,

separated posteriorly by a narrow wedge of pale dust, reaching second prst dc

and frst and separated from suture by a complete transverse band of whitish

dust; post band moderately broad, following suture anteriorly (except on

extreme lateral part where it slightly recedes, and opposite the frst, where it

tends slightly to pass suture), slightly exceeding the posterior 7a behind and

running about half-way between second and third post dc, produced at middle

more or less narrowly to scutellum (in female this median vitta is usually

interrupted or sub-interrupted, but in a posterior view it is always recognisable

by thinner pollinosity); scutellum black with the apical quarter pale dusted;

lower part of the shoulders, the anterior spiracle and the upper part of the

mesopleura black or dark brown. Abdomen pale dusted with a pair of large

subtriangular (in Q L-shaped) dark spots, which are separated by a narrow (in

2 rather broad) parallel-sided median vitta on posterior part of first and on the

following two segments, these spots reach the sides posteriorly and the front

and hind margins (the latter but for a linear white-dusted margin); fourth

segment with a large discal spot. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, femora

with some grey dust.

MUSCIDAE 413

Head half as high again as long (3) or a quarter higher than long at vibrissae

(2); occipital profile almost straight ($) or moderately convex (9), facial profile

moderately concave, peristomal profile slightly convex (3) or straight (2) in

more than posterior two-thirds, suddenly and very strongly upcurved anteriorly ;

frontal profile rather evenly and slightly convex. Eyes of male separated almost

by the width of the third antennal segment, of female by almost a third head-

width at vertex and slightly more at lunula; frons of male slightly more dilated

anteriorly than posteriorly, face rather strongly dilated with almost straight

(very slightly convex) sides, frons and face of female almost evenly and slightly

dilated to level of arista, somewhat

more strongly dilated below this point,

the sides rather distinctly convex

towards lower extremity of eyes; para-

frontalia of male almost linear, with 7-9

inclinate setae on anterior two-thirds or

slightly more, without a_proclinate

setula, of female about a sixth the

width of the interfrontalia, with about

5 inclinate and 2 rather small reclinate

setae, the anterior of them shorter;

frontal triangle of female truncate in

front and not reaching middle, as far

as the grey-dusted part is concerned,

but indistinctly pointed, black, and

almost reaching lunula in anterior view.

Ocellars of male rather fine, inner and

outer verticals fine and _ indistinct,

ocellars and _ verticals of female

moderately strong. Parafacialia some-

what narrower than third antennal

segment, jowls almost twice as wide.

Third antennal segment two and a half

times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by almost its own width ;

arista almost or fully twice as wide, including plumosity, as third antennal

segment, the longest rays at least as long as its width, the rays becoming rather

evenly shorter from middle to apex, where they disappear.

Thorax (Fig. 24) with 4 irregular rather sparse rows of acr before and 6-7

behind suture, prsc small; 2+-3 strong dc; anterior post za distinct but not very

strong; disc of scutellum with not very numerous short hairs. Propleural,

prostigmatal and anterior and lower st! moderately strong, posterior s¢p/

strong, the lower one not quite twice as distant from the anterior as from the

posterior one.

Fic. 24.—Limnophora elgonica sp. n., 3.

Dorsal view of thorax.

414 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Abdomen subconical and rather elongate with rounded apex in male, ovate

with pointed apex in female, each segment with a marginal row of rather weak

setae and 1-2 lateral marginals, the fourth segment, and in male the third as

well, with a discal row of setae, which are rather fine. Hypopygium of male

not prominent, sixth segment with a median groove; fourth ventrite broadly

and almost semicircularly excised.

Wings subhyaline, distinctly brownish; 7, virtually reaching level of 7—m,

the latter at (2) or slightly beyond (3g) three-fifths of discal cell; 74,; and m

slightly converging at apex, 74;; being very slightly curved backwards well

Fic. 25.—Limnophora elgonica sp. n. Male genitalia (of the specimen figured in

Fig. 24). (a) superior forceps; (6) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) anterior paramere;

(e) posterior paramere, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3.

Scales 0-1 mm.

Fic. 26.—Limnophora elgonica sp. n., Mt. Zuquala. Male genitalia. (a) superior

forceps; (b) inferior forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (c) fourth ventrite,

Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

before, but straight at, apex and m being slightly upcurved at apical third of

last section. Calyptrae whitish subhyaline, the lower one slightly or conspicu-

ously brownish towards margin in male with the border and fringe concolorous;

lower calyptra about a third longer than upper one, strongly projecting.

Halteres pale yellowish. -

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an a seta

towards middle (usually absent in male), a # and fd preapical and in male

2-3 pu near base, mid-tibiae with 2 f setae; hind femora with an ad row, a pd

MUSCIDAE 415

preapical and 2 av near apex, hind tibiae with an ad at middle, an av slightly

beyond it, and a d preapical. ;

UcanpDaA: Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.vili.34

(J. Ford), 3 type; 18 3 (Figs. 24, 25), 16 2 paratypes; Bulambuli, 9500 ft., viii.34

(J. Ford), I 9 paratype; Mudangi, 11,000 ft., vili.34 (J. Ford), 2 paratype;

Imafong Mts., 8000-9000 ft., 11.36 (D. R. Buxton), 1 2 paratype. KENYA: Mt.

Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), I g paratype; Mt. Kinan-

gop, Aberdares, gooo ft., Cedar Forest (F.W.E.), 4 5, 4 2 paratypes; Nairobi,

11.35 (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 2 paratype, returned to Dr. van Someren.

AsByssIniA: Mt. Zuquala, in crater, gooo ft., 26.x.26 (J. Omer Cooper), 3 3;

in these the fourth abdominal segment has a pair of dorsal spots, separated by a

narrow median vitta of pale dust like the preceding segments (genitalia, Fig. 26).

Females in which the median vitta between the scutellum and the post band

is absent cannot be distinguished from simulans. The male terminalia of the

two forms (Figs. 24 and 23) are very distinct, however, and the wide distribution

of both forms in apparently the same area does not allow e/gonica to be regarded

as a mere subspecies of simulans.

Limnophora perfidodes sp. n. ¢9

Length, 4:2-5°3 mm.; of wings,

4°7-5'5 lam.

Black with dark brown, grey, and

silver-white dust. Interfrontalia dull

black, somewhat velvety, parafron-

talia and frontal triangle brown

dusted, the apical extremity of the

latter dull black, so that it appears

truncate and slightly notched or

emarginate; upper half of occiput

brown dusted, somewhat shining,

head otherwise grey dusted with

blackish reflections, parafacialia in

some directions appearing silver-

white. The brown-dusted dark

pattern of the thorax (Fig. 27) fused

longitudinally, so that on the dorsal

surface only the shoulders and noto-

pleurae, a paired transverse spot

from the second dc to the suture, a

median prst vitta, which does not

Fic. 27.—Limnophora perfidodes sp. 0., .

Dorsal view of thorax.

reach suture and neck, and which is more or less indistinct in male, a roundish

spot from the last de (and embracing its pore anteriorly) to the scutellar

416 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

suture and to the inner boundary of the postalar callus, and the apex of

the scutellum remain silver-grey dusted; pleurae grey dusted with a fuscous-

brown spot from the anterior spiracle over most of the mesopleura and

pteropleura. Abdomen grey (in male in posterior view almost silver-white)

dusted, first segment black on dorsum except for a median vitta, a linear hind

margin, and a broader lateral hind margin, second and third segments each with

a pair of large subtriangular dark spots, which leave a median vitta, a linear

hind margin and rather large antero-lateral triangles pale dusted; fourth

segment with a large median spot, which is narrowed towards base. Antennae,

palpi and legs fuscous, femora with thin grey dust.

Head two-thirds higher than long in male, one-third in female, occipital

profile gently convex, in male with the upper half almost straight, facial profile

moderately concave, frontal profile somewhat rounded above, almost straight

below, strongly sloping in male but moderately in female, peristomal profile

straight in posterior two-thirds, rounded and strongly raised to mouth-margin

in anterior third, vibrissal angles moderately produced. Eyes separated by less

than a tenth head-width in male, by about. a third head-width in female,

where the frons is slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly, interfrontalia of

male slightly wider, of female somewhat narrower at lunula than at ocelli;

parafrontalia of male linear except in front, of female about one-sixth the width

of the interfrontalia near middle, in male with 8-10 inclinate setae, which

almost reach level of anterior ocellus, and a proclinate setula at that level, in

female with 4-5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate being

smaller than the posterior one; frontal triangle (2) long and rather pointed, but

not quite reaching lunula. Ocellars fine but rather long in male, long and strong

in female, inner and outer verticals fine but distinct in male, long and strong

in female, Parafacialia not quite as wide, jowls fully twice as wide, as third

antennal joint. The latter two and a half times as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista plumose, the longest rays about

as long as width of third antennal segment, rays only slightly decreasing in

length to about apical third.

Thorax (Fig. 27) with the acr in 3-4 irregular rows before and 4-6 behind

suture, prsc indistinct or weak; 2-4-3 strong dc, anterior post za variable, often

indistinct, especially in male, posterior one well developed, the other setae

normally developed; scutellum with not very numerous setulae. Propleural,

prostigmatal and anterior stf/ moderately strong, lower stpl weak, almost twice

as distant from the anterior as from the posterior one, the latter very strong.

Abdomen of male subconical with rounded apex, of female ovate with

pointed apex; third and fourth segments each with a rather conspicuous, second

with an indistinct marginal row, fourth in addition with a quite conspicuous

transverse row of discals. Male hypopygium with a median groove on sixth

segment; fourth ventrite broadly and almost semicircularly excised (Fig. 28).

MUSCIDAE 417

Wings subhyaline, with a brownish tinge. 7, reaching or very slightly

exceeding level of ym, the latter markedly oblique, at three-fifths or (3) almost

two-thirds of discal cell; 74,,; and m rather strongly converging near apex,

74,5 being slightly but evenly curved backwards, m being conspicuously up-

curved and slightly sigmoid in apical third or more of last section. Calyptrae

subopaque, whitish with dull yellowish white, in male brownish-white, border

and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs slender in male; fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora

with a moderately strong a seta towards middle, a p and fd preapical, and in

Fic. 28.—Limnophora perfidodes sp. n. Male genitalia. (a) right superior forceps;

(6) left inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) anterior paramere, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective

3; (e) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

male 4—5 erect fu setae in basal half or slightly more, mid-tibiae with 2 / setae;

hind femora with an ad row, a pd (almost d@) preapical and 2~3 av preapicals, hind

tibiae with an ad and a small av slightly beyond middle and with a d preapical.

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, I 2

paratype, (EZ. G. Gibbins), 1 2 paratype; Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori, 7300 ft.

(F.W.E.), i gh, I 2 paratypes; W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.45 (G. R. C.

van Someren), 3 3, 39 paratypes, vil.46, 3 2 paratypes; between Butandiga and

Bulambuli, Mt. Elgon, 8000 ft., 7.viii.34 (J. Ford), 2 3, 29 paratypes; Butandiga,

Mt. Elgon, 7000 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 1 9 paratype. Kenya: Mt. Kinangop

Aberdares, 8000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), 2 2 paratypes, 13,000 ft., 28-30.x.34, on

Senecio brassicaeformis or aberdarica (J. lord), 4 2 paratypes; Nairobi, 111.35

(V. G. L. van Someren), i 2 paratype. AByssintA: Mt. Chillalo, moorland,

12,000-13,000 ft., 21.xi.26 (H. Scolt), 1 9.

The Abyssinian specimen has the arista only about as wide, including

plumosity, as the third antennal segment. In other regards it perfectly tallies

with the Uganda and Kenya material except for the pollinosity being golden

on mesonotum and scutellum and more extended on the latter. One of the

W. Ruwenzori females has 4 fost de on one and the normal number of 3 on the

other side. Somewhat similar in pattern to ferfida Stein, which has, however,

418 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

only I p seta on the mid-tibiae, the stpl arranged in an isosceles triangle, the

pattern much less clearly defined, shorter aristal hairs, etc.

{[Limnophora mallochiana sp. n. 3]

Length, 4:5-5:0 mm.; of wings, 4-8 mm.

Black with dark brown and whitish-grey pollinosity. Parafacialia, jowls

and almost lower half of occiput pale dusted; interfrontalia dull brownish

black. Dark pattern of mesonotum so extended that the pale dust is confined

to the shoulders, notopleurae, apical fifth of scutellum (somewhat extended

basad on sides and ventral edge), and an oblong-oval spot round the last dc,

produced outwards and forwards along anterior side of postalar callus; a

narrow median line on frst part and a transverse spot between the second prst

dc and the suture also appear greyish, the transverse spot becoming very con-

spicuous and silver-white in posterior view. Abdomen with a pair of large

trapezoidal spots on the anterior three segments, which leave a narrow parallel-

sided median vitta, a narrow side-margin, rather small anterior angles, and a

linear hind margin pale dusted; fourth segment apparently with a large inverted

triangular median spot. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head just over one-half higher than long, occipital profile almost straight,

somewhat convex below, facial profile almost straight, only the vibrissal angles

somewhat produced, frontal profile slightly convex, strongly sloping, peristomal

profile straight in posterior two-thirds, strongly upcurved anteriorly. Eyes

subcontiguous, interfrontalia obsolescent in middle; parafrontalia linear in

posterior two-fifths, otherwise very narrow, with about 8 inclinate setae on

anterior three-fifths and a small proclinate seta in front of anterior oceilus.

Ocellars similar to the longer inclinate setae; inner and outer verticals fine,

indistinct (type) or distinct (paratype). Parafacialia somewhat narrower than,

jowls more than twice as wide as, third antennal segment. The latter almost

thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width, arista

plumose, the longest hairs almost as long as diameter of third antennal joint,

the rays rather long even at second third.

Thorax with the acy in about 4 irregular rows in front and 6 behind suture,

prsc rather weak; 2+ 3 strong dc; posterior post 7a well developed, anterior

one rather indistinct; scutellum with numerous setulae. Propleural, prostig-

matal and lower stf/ moderately strong, anterior stf/ strong, posterior one very

strong, the lower stl almost twice as far from the anterior as from the upper one.

Abdomen truncate subconical, only slightly flattened, hair rather long,

especially on sides, the marginal rows consisting of longer but hardly stronger

hairs, therefore not very conspicuous. Male genitalia, Fig. 29.

Wings brownish subhyaline. 7, reaching level of 7-m, the latter somewhat

oblique, at three-fifths of discal cell; 74,; and m rather strongly converging

at apex, 74,, being rather evenly curved backwards and m conspicuously

MUSCIDAE 419

upcurved and slightly sigmoid in apical two-fifths of last section. Calyptrae

whitish grey, subopaque, slightly brownish towards border, the latter and the

fringe brownish white. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an a seta

towards middle, a # and a fd preapical and 5-6 erect pv setae in basal half,

mid-tibiae with 2 p setae; hind femora with an ad row, a pd (almost d) preapical

and 2-3 rather strong av near apex, hind tibiae with a strong ad at middle, an

av somewhat beyond it, and a d preapical.

Fic. 29.—Limnophora mallochiana sp.n. Male genitalia. (a) right superior forceps;

(6) left inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere; (e) anterior paramere,

Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

Kenya: east side of edge of forest of the Aberdare Mts., 7300 ft., 24.11.11

(I. J. Anderson), 3 type; Kijabi, vi. (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 3 paratype (to be

‘returned to Dr. van Someren).

[Limnophora angustigena Emd.]

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14: 463-465,

fig. I.

[Limnophora pallifemorata Emd.]

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14: 465-467.

Limnophora spinata Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 12.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 8000-12,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E. and /.

Ford), 4 3, 3 2, from Achillea sp., r 3; Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft., 28.x.34

(J. Ford), 13 3, 21 2, on Senecio sp., 1 2; above Nakuru, c. 9300 ft., 6.111.35, on

Lobelia aberdarica (F.W.E.), t 3; Mt. Elgon, alpine zone, 12,000-13,000 ft.,

11.35 (F.W.E.), 16 3, 3 9, on Lobelia elgonica (altitude ?), rr 3; Mt. Elgon, Heath

Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 8 3, 2 9; Mt. Elgon, 10,500-12,500 ft., on

flowers of Helichrysum engleri, 3 3, on flowers of Conyza ruwenzoriensis, I 3, I &

—Typical locality: KENyA: Mt. Kenya, bamboo forest, 2870 m,

420 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limnophora melanota sp. n. 3 @

Length, 4:5-6-2 mm.; of wings, 4°7-6-9 mm.

Black with brown and dense pale-grey pollinosity, the latter in some places

with bluish or olive reflections. Interfrontalia dull brownish black, including

(2) frontal triangle; parafrontalia brown dusted with silver-white anterior

extremity (2) or half (g), face pale dusted with strong dark-grey reflections,

especially in male; occiput fuscous in upper half with thin brownish dust.

Mesonotum fuscous with brown dust, which is more conspicuous between the

two rows of dc where it is sometimes cinereous in female, the lateral presutural

area outwards of the frst to the suture between notopleura and mesopleura

densely greyish-white dusted, a less densely grey-dusted spot extends from

scutellar suture forwards towards level of second post dc, upper part of the

pleurae mainly dark, lower one mainly pale dusted, but both parts with some-

what shifting reflections. Abdomen greyish dusted, moderately shining, in male

the first segment almost wholly black on dorsum, only a narrow hind margin

and a short remnant of a median vitta on posterior part pale dusted, second

and third segments each with a pair of elongate parallel spots, which almost

reach front and hind margins, and between which a rather narrow median vitta

remains pale dusted, fourth segment with a suffused dark spot on median

posterior part; in female at most shadowlike traces of these spots are visible.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the tibiae somewhat brown translucent.

Head two-thirds (3g) or one-half (2) as high again as long, occipital profile

almost straight ($) or convex (@), facial profile somewhat concave, frontal

profile strongly sloping, somewhat rounded (3) or moderately sloping, rounded

in posterior, straight in anterior half (2). Eyes contiguous in male, separated

by a third the head-width in female, where frons and face widen slightly and

rather evenly forwards and downwards; frontal triangle (Q) virtually reaching

lunula; interfrontalia of female 4—6 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter

in male with 6-8 rather short inclinate setae on anterior half and a pair of

proclinate setulae in front of ocellar tubercle, in female with 3-4 inclinate and

2 reclinate setae. Inner and outer verticals and ocellars moderately long but

very thin in male, long and strong in female. Parafacialia almost to fully half as

wide as third antennal joint, jowls conspicuously wider than the latter, often

twice as wide. Third antennal segment thrice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by half its own width or somewhat more; arista about as wide,

including plumosity, as third antennal segment, the rays of rather even length.

Thorax with 4 rows of acr in front of suture, which increase to 5-6 rows

on post part, prsc distinct though not very strong; 2+-3 very strong dc (but for

the first prst one, which is only moderately strong); 2 well-developed za; the

second pl considerably shorter than the first, the other setae of normal develop-

ment; disc of scutellum with rather numerous hairs. Propleural and

MUSCIDAE 421

prostigmatal rather strong, lower propleural also moderately strong, lower

prostigmatal weak, sometimes indistinct among the adjacent setulae. 1-2 s¢Pl,

the anterior and lower ones rather strong, the posterior one strong.

Abdomen of male subconical, rather broadly truncate, of female shortly

ovate with pointed apex. Hypopygium not prominent, fourth ventrite with a

deep and broad, semi-elliptic excision, the inner apical angle of the lobes created

by the excision narrowly rounded. Hair long, especially at sides, first to fourth

segments each with a row of long, and in male rather fine, marginals, these setae

much more conspicuous on the apical than on the basal segments, fourth

segment also with a row of rather strong discals.

Wings subhyaline, with a very slight brownish tinge, the base pale yellowish

orange, 7, ending level with ym, the latter at or almost at second third of

discal cell. 7,;; and m considerably converging at apex, 7,;, being rather evenly

curved backwards and m being upcurved in apical third, the extreme apex

slightly sinuate. Calyptrae yellowish ochreous, the lower one at least half as

long again as upper one, very strongly projecting. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs. fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with a strong # and

pd preapical and in female with one or a few a setae towards middle, mid-tibiae

with only one submedian seta, which lies on # surface somewhat proximad of

middle; hind femora with a conspicuous ad row, a d and an av, and 2 (in female

1-2) av preapicals, hind tibiae with an ad seta near middle, an av a little beyond

it, and a d preapical.

UcanpA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., (F.W.E.), 3 type,

I g, I 2 paratypes; Mobuku.Valley, Ruwenzori, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 4 3 para-

types; Bwamba Valley, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 1 2 paratype (returned

to Dr. V. G. L. van Someren). Mt. Sabinio, Kigezi District, 7000 ft. (F.W.E.),

2 2 paratypes.

Limnophora melanota fuscibasis ssp. n.

In the structural characters identical with the type form, from which it

differs by greyish-white calyptrae, which are slightly smoky towards margins,

and the base of the wings, which is not yellowish orange but either concolorous

(?) or fuscous (g), in the latter case the antero-basal half of the wings rather

strongly tinged with brown,

KENYA: Nyeri Track, Aberdares, 10,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type; Mt. Kinangop,

Aberdares, 10,000 ft. (J. Ford), 1 2 paratype.

[Limnophora melanota abyssinica ssp. n.]

In the Abyssinian specimens, most of which are at the upper limit of the

range of size of this species, the arista is somewhat wider than the third antennal

joint. The females are less dark, their face is almost entirely without blackish

II, 6 (g)

422 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

reflections, the occiput grey-dusted, the mesonotum brown and _ cinereous-

dusted on dorsum, the fuscous coloration preserved almost only between the

za and sa. In the only male the median spot of the fourth abdominal segment

is rather deeply bilobed anteriorly and thus more similar to the spots of the

preceding segments, the eyes are not quite contiguous, the anterior 7a is indis-

tinct, the two nfl equally strong, the wings brown instead of orange at base,

the mid-femora with some stronger, almost setiform setulae towards middle

(somewhat as in the female). Some of the structural characters of the male

may perhaps be found to tally more closely with those of the typical form in

other males of this subspecies.

ABYSSINIA: Jem-Jem Forest, nearly gooo ft., 1.x.26 (H. Scott), 3 type,

I 2 paratype, 8000-9000 ft., 21-29.1x.26, edge of forest (H. Scott), 1 2 paratype;

Mt. Chillalo, c. gooo ft., 14.x1.25, forest (H. Scott), 1 9 paratype.

[Limnophora thomasseti sp. n. 3 9]

Length, $ 3°7 mm., 2 4:4-5:3 mm.; of wings, 5 3:9 mm., 2 4:3-5°5 mm.

Black with thin brown dust (3g) or almost wholly but moderately densely

grey dusted (2). In male the anterior half of parafrontalia, face, posterior half

of humeral callosities, notopleurae, a medianly interrupted narrow band along

anterior side of suture (not reaching frst anteriorly but reaching anteriorly

and interiorly second prst dc), the posterior half of fost part of mesonotum, the

pleurae rather thinly, and the abdomen largely, grey dusted, on the pleurae

there are some shifting darker areas, and on the abdomen the first segment is

largely dull black but for a narrow band on hind margin and a moderately

broad median vitta, whilst the second and third segments each have a pair of

dull black subtriangular spots with a right angle at inner hind end and with

the lateral angle only slightly exceeding the exterior quarter of each segment.

Female with the interfrontalia, except for frontal triangle, and most of cerebrale

dull black, mesonotum with a pair of blackish less dusted vittae reaching almost

up to suture, with or without a dark-brown dusted median vitta from second

prst to first or second post dc, and with or without a subtriangular prst spot

between the dc and prst; the abdominal spots somewhat larger, almost reaching

lateral surface on hind margin, their oblique outer margin broadly emarginate,

fourth segment with a median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head two-thirds (in male even more) higher than long, occipital profile

slightly (g) or considerably (2) convex, facial profile concave, frontal profile

almost straight and rather strongly sloping, peristomal profile at almost right

angles with occipital profile; the anterior third strongly raised to vibrissae.

Eyes contiguous in male; frons of female three-tenths to a third head-width at

vertex, rather strongly and evenly broadened to lunula where it is about two-

fifths head-width, less than half as long again as wide at vertex, frontal triangle

MUSCIDAE 423

almost or fully reaching lunula, interfrontalia at middle 3-4 times as wide as

a parafrontale, the latter widened anteriorly and with 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate

setae, the anterior reclinate one much shorter than the posterior one; male

with about 3 reclinate setae and, in front of ocelli, with a proclinate setula.

Ocellars long, verticals absent (3) or rather strong (2). Face evenly and not

very strongly dilated to lower end of eyes, the sides virtually straight; para-

facialia linear (g) or almost as wide as third antennal segment (9), jowls

half as wide again as that segment. The latter 2}-3 times as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by about its own width, arista

plumose, the rays of almost equal length in basal half, where they are

about as long as width of third antennal segment, and quickly decreasing in

length on apical half.

Thorax with 4-6 irregular rows of acr, 2+-3 strong dc, 2 not very strong

post 1a, prsc absent or weak, the other setae of normal development; disc of

scutellum with rather numerous hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal not very

strong (g) or rather strong (2). 1-+-2 stpl, the anterior one not very strong (3)

or moderately strong (2), the lower one weak.

Abdomen rather (3) or slightly (9) flattened, shortly ovate (3) or ovate (9).

Hypopygium hardly noticeable in profile. Second and third segments each

with a marginal row of somewhat longer setulae and 1 or 2 lateral marginals,

fourth with a row of strong setae somewhat in front of hind margin and a row

of weaker ones at hind margin.

Wings subhyaline. Apex of 7, slightly basad of level of 7m, the latter

markedly oblique (though short) at or somewhat before three-fifths of discal

cell; 74,, and m considerably converging at tip, 74;, somewhat curving back-

wards, m being considerably upcurved and slightly sigmoid at apex. Calyptrae

greyish subhyaline with dull yellowish border and fringe, the lower one about

a third longer than the upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres yellowish

orange. —

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with 2-3 rather

short a setae near middle, of which the most distal one is the strongest,

2-3 pu at base and a # and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with 1 pf seta

slightly basad of middle; hind femora with an ad row, I-2 av and a pd

preapical, hind tibiae with an av and an ad submedian seta and with a

d preapical.

NATAL: Weenen, 2840 ft. (H. P. Thomasset), 1.24, 3 type, I ¢ paratype,

xi1.23, 3 2 paratypes. S.W. Arrica: Hoffnung, 27.x1.33 (H. Jordan), I Q para-

type. Kenya: Naivasha, iti.37 (H. J. A. Turner), 3 2 paratypes.

In the Naivasha females the thoracic pattern approaches more closely to

that of the male, though being less dark and less clearly defined; the dark

abdominal pattern also is slightly more extended, the scutellum is dark on

the basal half.

424 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limnophora setalis sp. n. 3

Length, 4:1 mm.; of wings, 4-1 mm.

Black with dark brown and pale grey, on the sides of the head and thorax

even slightly bluish grey, pollinosity. Interfrontalia dark reddish brown, upper

half of parafrontalia, the cerebrale and the occiput along upper half of posterior

eye-margin fuscous-brown. Mesonotum fuscous-brown with the humeral and

notopleural areas pale dusted, a narrow transverse band of brownish grey dust

on anterior side of suture, the band narrowly interrupted on median line, and

a spot of similar pollinosity extending forwards from scutellar suture to third

post de and extending less far forwards on median line. First abdominal segment

fuscous-brown with some brownish grey dust at hind margin of dorso-lateral

surface, second and third segments pale-grey dusted with a pair of large sub-

triangular paramedian spots with rounded angles, the angle between median and

posterior side of each triangle being a right one and the dark-brown pollinosity

extending on posterior half to lateral surface ; fourth segment with a large median

spot, which leaves only an antero-lateral triangle pale dusted, and which is

continued over the whole of the hypopygium. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile forming an obtuse angle,

the lower half being markedly upholstered, facial profile rather concave near

mouth-margin, frontal profile straight and rather sloping, peristomal profile

at almost right angles with occipital profile, the anterior third strongly raised

to vibrissae. Eyes separated by about width of ocellar tubercle, anterior third

of frons and the face evenly dilated with straight sides to lower extremity of

eyes, where it reaches three-fifths of the head-width; parafrontalia with about

8 decussate fine setae, which almost reach level of ocelli. Ocellars moderately

long, inner and outer verticals fine but quite distinct. Parafacialia more than

half as broad, jowls more than half as broad again, as third antennal segment.

The latter over twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less

than its own width and reaching level of lower extremity of eyes; arista

pubescent, the longest hairs hardly reaching length of its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2 rows of rather long acr hairs, which increase to 4 rows behind

the second post dc, prsc somewhat stronger; 2+-4 rather long dc, 2 rather fine

za, Which form part of an irregular row of hairs beginning slightly in front of

suture, the other setae of normal development; disc of scutellum with moder-

ately numerous hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal not very strong; 1-+-2 stpl,

the lower one weak.

Abdomen oblong-oval, somewhat flattened. Hypopygium not very notice-

able in profile, fourth ventrite somewhat projecting ventrally, strongly excised

at apex, thus with two moderately long parallel-sided lobes. Segments with

rather long hair, the marginal setae therefore rather indistinctly differentiated,

long and not very strong.

MUSCIDAE 425

Wings subhyaline, very slightly brownish tinged. Apex of 7, just beyond

level of r-m, the latter markedly oblique (though short), at about three-fifths

of discal cell; 744, and m somewhat converging at apex, the former being curved

backwards slightly but evenly, the latter being very slightly upcurved. Calyptrae

whitish subopaque with yellowish-white border and fringe, the lower one at

least half as long again as the upper one, very strongly projecting. Halteres

pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora with an av row, and,

in basal two-fifths, an a row of about 6 rather short setae, in addition with a

p and ph preapical, mid-tibiae with a pf seta slightly basad of middle; hind

femora with an ad, av and pv row and a fd preapical, hind tibiae with an ad

and av near middle and with a d preapical.

UGanpaA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., xii.34-1.35 (F.W.E.),

3 type.

Limnophora ochribasis sp. n. 5 2

Length, 3-5-4:5 mm.; of wings, 4:3-4:8 mm.

Black with dark brown and pale greyish-golden pollinosity, basal three

abdominal segments testaceous translucent. Interfrontalia dull black, ocellar

tubercle, intermediate third of parafrontalia, and upper half of occiput dark-

brown dusted. Mesonotum with a large black, dark-brown dusted prst spot,

which leaves pale dusted the posterior part or all of humeri, the notopleurae,

and a transverse band (often narrowly interrupted on median line) on anterior

side of suture, a broad complete black post band, which slightly passes third

post dc, and the scutellum except for its pale-dusted apex, the pale pollinosity

extending farther basad on sides and especially along ventro-lateral margin.

Pleurae of female wholly pale dusted, of male with a broad brown-dusted streak

over pteropleura, hind part of mesopleura and over sternopleura. Anterior three

abdominal segments pale testaceous, the first without a dark pattern, the

second and third each with a large brown-black triangle, the base of which

extends along the hind margin from one lateral surface to the other, and the

apex of which reaches hind margin of preceding segment on median line; in male

this triangle is bisected by a narrow pale-dusted median vitta; fourth segment

with an elongate brown-dusted median spot, otherwise pale dusted, but the

ground-colour largely infuscate. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head almost (in male more than) two-thirds higher than long, occipital

profile almost straight (3) or moderately convex (9), facial profile moderately

concave, frontal profile evenly but not strongly rounded and strongly sloping

in male, almost straight and moderately sloping in female, peristomal profile

at almost right angles with occipital profile except for ventral extremity of the

latter, which is rounded forwards, anterior third strongly raised to vibrissae.

Eyes contiguous in male, where the 4-5 decussate frontal setae are confined to

426 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

anterior third; separated by almost one-third head-width in female, where the

interfrontalia are 6-7 times as wide in middle as a parafrontale, the latter with

3-4 inclinate setae on more than anterior half and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior

of which is much smaller. Ocellars not very long in male, but rather strong in

female; inner and outer verticals very fine, but quite distinct in male, as the

occipital setulae are short; moderately strong in female. Face strongly dilated,

the inner margin of the eyes slightly and broadly emarginate (3g), face slightly

and evenly dilated in female, one-half head-width below in both sexes; eyes

reaching considerably below level of vibrissae. Parafacialia less than half as

wide, jowls about as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter falling short

of mouth-margin by less than its own width, about thrice (in male somewhat

less) as long as wide; arista plumose, the longest rays almost as long as diameter

of third antennal segment, rays quickly and evenly decreasing in length on

apical third.

Thorax with 3-4 irregular rows of acy, prsc conspicuous but not very strong,

2-+-4 dc, the anterior 2 fost ones rather small, first post 1a weak, second fost 1a

rather strong; the other setae of normal development; disc of scutellum with

moderately numerous small hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal rather strong.

1-+2 stpl, the lower one weak.

Abdomen rather flattened and pointed-ovate in both sexes. Hypopygium

not projecting. Marginal setae weak, except on fourth segment of male, where

they are quite conspicuous.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat brownish tinged, especially in male. Apex

of 7, somewhat beyond level of vm, the latter slightly beyond three-fifths of

discal cell; 74;; and m somewhat converging at apex, 7,;; being very slightly

and gradually curved backwards, and m being rather conspicuously, though

not strongly, upcurved. Lower calyptra of male suffusedly dark brown in apical

half, calyptrae otherwise whitish subhyaline, the upper one in male with the

border fuscous, both calyptrae in female with whitish border and fringe; lower

calyptra one-third longer than upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres pale

reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an a row of

about 6 short setae, which ends in a stronger one at about second fifth, in

addition with 1 ()-3 (3) pu at base and a # and fd preapical, mid-tibiae with a

p seta only somewhat basad of middle; hind femora with an ad row and a pd

and av preapical, hind tibiae with an ad, an av ear middle, and a d preapical.

Ucanpa: Kilembe, Ruwenzori, 4500 ft. (F7.W.E.), § type. Kenya: Naivasha

(1. J. A. Turner), vi.36, I 2 paratype; vii.37, I Q paratype (one paratype will

be returned to the Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi); Ngong, vili.48 (van

Someren), 22 paratypes. LIBERIA: Robertsport, 1942 FP’. Snyder), I g paratype

in coll. Snyder), the fourth tergite with triangular discal spot, lower calyptra

somewhat infuscate apically,

MUSCIDAE 427

[Limnophora bwambana sp. n. 3°]

Length, 3-6-4:0 mm.; of wings, 3-9 mm.

Black with dark brown and whitish-grey pollinosity, abdomen largely but,

owing to the dense pollinosity, not conspicuously testaceous translucent. Inter-

frontalia, including almost anterior half of frontal triangle (2) dull black,

parafrontalia pale dusted in female with brown pollinosity on middle third

(extending along anterior margin of the pale-dusted part of the frontal triangle),

upper half of cerebrale fuscous-brown. Mesonotum with a pair of large prst

spots, which extend from neck to second de and which are fused in front; a

transverse complete dark band occupying anterior half of fost part and slightly

passing the third fost dc; scutellum dark brown on basal half. Abdomen with

the first segment largely dark except for a pale-dusted median vitta and a

transverse spot on hind margin of dorso-lateral surface; second and _ third

segments each with a pair of large transverse subtriangular (cr rather sub-

trapezoidal) spots, which are limited by the hind margin, the lateral surface,

a pale-dusted antero-lateral triangle, and a rather broad median vitta, the latter

somewhat widened anteriorly in female (hardly so in male); near median line

these spots do not quite reach base, at sides middle, of segment ; fourth segment

with a fusiform dark median spot, which does not quite reach base. Antennae,

palpi and legs fuscous.

Head one-half (in male two-thirds) higher than long, occipital profile straight

($), or slightly convex (9), facial profile moderately concave, frontal profile

straight and strongly sloping in male, somewhat rounded in upper half and

moderately sloping in female, peristomal profile moderately rounded, strongly

raised to vibrissal angles in almost anterior half. Eyes separated by less than

width of third antennal segment in male, in which the interfrontalia are only

visible near lunula where they are very narrow; separated at vertex in female

by one-third head-width, frons and face rather evenly and not strongly dilated

with almost straight side-margins, which are only very slightly and obtusely

bent outwards at level of arista and very slightly convex towards lower ex-

tremity of eyes; the latter passing level of mouth-margin below; parafrontalia

very narrow (3) or at middle a quarter the width of the interfrontalia (2), with

4-5 inclinate and in female 2 reclinate setae, the anterior one, however,

very small; frontal triangle (9) virtually reaching lunula. Ocellars fine

and verticals indistinct in male, ocellars and inner verticals strong and

outer verticals rather short but distinct in female. Parafacialia somewhat

narrower than, jowls half as wide again as, third antennal segment. The latter

two and a half times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by almost

its own width; arista plumose, the longest rays somewhat longer than

width of third antennal segment, rays evenly decreasing in length from

about basal third.

428 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thorax with the acr in 3-4 irregular rows before and 6 behind suture, prsc

rather weak though distinct, 2+-4 dc, the anterior 2 post ones small, the 2 za

rather weak, especially the anterior one, the other setae of normal development,

disc of scutellum with moderately numerous setulae. Propleural, prostigmatal

and anterior of the 1+ 2 stpl moderately strong, lower stp weak.

Abdomen oblong-ovate and somewhat flattened in male, ovate with pointed

apex in female; anterior 2, in female 3, segments with longer but not very

conspicuous marginal setae, third segment of male with a few long and strong

marginals on lateral part, fourth in male with a pair of strong, rather widely

separated median discals and a row of 3 or 4 pairs of strong marginals, fourth

segment of female with 2 pairs of discals and about 3-4 pairs of rather short

marginals.

Wings subhyaline, slightly yellowish tinged (not in type, which is slightly

teneral). 7, slightly exceeding level of 7-m, the latter at (2) or well beyond

($) three-fifths of discal cell; 7,:, and m somewhat converging towards apex,

7445 being slightly curved backwards and m being slightly upcurved at

or beyond apical third of last section. Calyptrae subhyaline, the lower

one slightly smoky and a third longer than upper one, strongly projecting;

border and fringe yellowish grey, in male somewhat brownish. Halteres

pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an a seta

basad of middle, a # and fd preapical and 1 (2)—2 (9) pu at base, mid-tibiae

with a # submedian seta only, which lies at about second fifth; hind femora

with an ad row, a pd preapical and 1 (9) or 2 (9) av preapicals, hind tibiae with

an av and ad seta near middle and a d preapical.

UGaNnpDA: Bwamba Valley, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 3 type, I 9 para-

type (paratype to be returned to Dr. V. G. L. van Someren).

Limnophora trigemina trigemina Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 519; 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 120.

The typical form has a sutural band of pale dust on the mesonotum, which

band is interrupted on median line, as the median frst spot coalesces with the

transverse post band. This form is known from the following localities:

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 13,000 ft., on Senecio brassicaeformis or

S: aberdarica (J: Ford), 29,8000 {t- (J. Ford), 1:9, 9000,.ft. (PF .W:E.)). 3-9:

Katamayo, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3, 1 9.—Typical locality: TANGANYIKA:

Kibosho (see Stein 1914; type seen); Kilimanjaro (paratype seen). Recorded

from: KENyA: Kijabi, Kikuyu Escarpment, 2100 m. In B.M. from Kijabi,

vii.30 (I 9) and vi.31 (IQ) (van Someren) ; Nairobi, vii.30 (van Someren); Chyulu

Hills, 6000 ft., vi.36.(Coryndon Mus. Exp.); Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner).

ABYSSINIA. Seen from: Kenya: Taita Hills, viti.47 (van Someren).

MUSCIDAE 429

Very frequently the black pattern is more extended, as the paired prs¢

spots also coalesce with the fost band. In this case only the shoulders, noto-

pleurae, and the area between the postalar callosities remain whitish-grey

dusted, and in the females the pale median vitta of the abdomen often dis-

appears. Such specimens are in B.M. from: UGANDA: Mobuku Valley, Ruwen-

zori, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3; Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.),

I dg, 19; W. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., vii.45:(G. R. C. van Someren), 3 3, 11 8 (one

Fic. 30.—Limnophora trigemina trigemina Stein, Wijabé. Male genitalia.

(a) superior forceps im situ, lateral view; (b) right inferior forceps; (c) penis;

(d) posterior paramere; (e) anterior paramere, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3.

‘ Scale o-I mm.

of the females has a narrow sutural band much like typical specimens, but

overlaid with some brown dust); W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.45 (G. R. C.

van Someren), 32, v.46, 8 3, 202; Bwamba Valley, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren),

I 9. TANGANYIKA: New Langenburg, vi (H. S. Stannus), 2 3, 12. CAMEROONS:

Onyanga, Mt. Cameroon, 8100 ft., 24.1.32, by sweeping (IM. Steele), 2 9, 20.1.32,

on grassland, I 9, 21.1.32, at light, r 2; Mt. Cameroon, tree-fern belt (WZ. Steele),

1 9; Musake, Mt. Cameroon, 6350 ft., 9.1.32, at light (WZ. Steele), 1 2; Jonga, Mt.

Cameroon, 5000 ft., 6.11.32, among scrub (M. Steele), 1 9; Mann’s Quelle, Mt.

Cameroon, 7400 ft., 30.1.32, by sweeping (M. Steele), 1 2. Seen from: UGANDA:

Kampala, 19.v.26 (H. Hargreaves), 1 3. The latter is the only specimen with

dark dusted shoulders and notopleurae; its calyptrae are slightly smoky, pale

yellowish orange, with golden-yellow fringe.

In KenyA (Kijabi, vi, vii.30 (V. G. L. van Someren), 9 3) a form is found

430 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

together with the typical form and apparently in the male sex only, in which

the pale median vitta of the abdomen is narrower and the pale-dusted prsc

spot divided or almost divided by a broad extension of the post band.

The male terminalia of these forms (Fig. 30) appear to be identical. As there

are no other structural differences these forms do not require a name.

In 1913 Stein mentioned two females (Kilimanjaro, x.04., and Kibosho,

I.1x.04), but in 1914 the latter only is recorded (as type). This specimen is

herewith expressly designated as the type, since in the Kilimanjaro female the

abdomen is abnormally coloured, being entirely dark without distinct traces

of pale-dusted areas.

[Limnophora trigemina vumbana ssp. n.]

Differs from the typical form mainly by brownish smoky calyptrae with

brown border and fringe. The mesonotum is wholly black with brown dust

except for the area between the postalar calli from scutellum to the last dc,

which is brown in male and brownish grey in female, the notopleurae and

shoulders also are conspicuously brown dusted, and in female even somewhat

greyish brown on posterior part of shoulders.

S. RuopesiA: Vumba Mts., Umtali District (Alex. Cuthbertson) 11.38, 3

type, 15.11.38, 1 2 paratype.

Limnophora spinifera Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 122.

Kenya: Aberdares, Nyeri Track, 10,500-11,000 ft. (F.W.E. and J. Ford),

7 37.4 9; Mt..Kinangop,’ 10,000-ft, (F:}W.E.), 27 3; 4.9)-12,000: ft; 1g, 1 Sa —

Typical locality: Mt. Kenya, bamboo forest, 2870 m.

The distance between the eyes in male occasionally dwindles to one-third

the width of the third antennal joint, and in one male it increases to one-and-

a-fifth the width of that joint.

Limnophora parallelifrons sp. n. ¢°

Length, 5-3-6-5 mm.; of wings, 4-7-6-:2 mm.

Black with some moderately dense pale grey dust, in dorsal view the para-

facialia, shoulders and notopleurae greyish-white dusted, interfrontalia dull

black, somewhat velvety, parafrontalia brown dusted on upper two-thirds,

occiput greyish-brown dusted; mesonotum with a moderately broad vitta over

the dc and a narrow blackish brown, in female brown, median vitta; a spot of

paler dust from the second frst de to suture is conspicuous in female, much less

so in male. Abdomen pale grey dusted with rather clearly defined paired dark

spots (darker in male) on anterior three segments, these spots are longer than

wide, slightly L-shaped, and do not reach the lateral surface; fourth segment

MUSCIDAE 431

with a large median spot, which in male is extended in posterior view to the

lateral surface, thus wholly occupying more than posterior half of the segment.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the femora with some grey dust.

Head not much higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly convex,

facial profile rather strongly concave in lower part, frontal profile straight and

moderately sloping, peristomal profile straight in posterior two-thirds, strongly

upcurved at anterior third, but rather straight from there to vibrissal angles,

which are considerably produced. Eyes separated by one-sixth or one-seventh

(3) or between one-third and two-fifths (2) head-width, interfrontalia of male

only very slightly wider at lunula than in front of ocelli; parafrontalia very

narrow and of even width in posterior half (3), a fifth the width of the inter-

frontalia behind and gradually widened anteriorly in female; with 5—6 inclinate

setae, which are confined to about anterior half (3), or with 4-5 inclinate and

2 not very strong (the posterior one slightly stronger) reclinate setae (9) ; frontal

triangle (2) badly defined, but in anterior view some brownish pollinosity

reaching lunula. Ocellars strong; inner and outer verticals fine but very distinct

(3) or strong (2). Parafacialia fully as wide as, jowls twice as wide as, third

antennal segment. The latter fully thrice as long as wide, somewhat pointed

and slightly produced dorsally (anteriorly) at apex, falling short of mouth-

margin by less than its own width; arista with short hairs on basal two-thirds

(reduced to short pile on the thickened part), almost bare on apical third, the

longest hairs not longer than its basal diameter.

Thorax with the acy in about 4—5 irregular rows before and 5—6 rows behind

suture; prsc weak ; 2+-3 strong dc; only the posterior post ia more or less distinct;

the other setae strong, the posterior 7p/ markedly shorter than the anterior one ;

scutellum with numerous setulae. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stp/

strong, anterior and posterior stfl very strong, the stpl arranged in an isosceles

triangle with a slightly obtuse angle.

Abdomen elongate-ovate in male, ovate with pointed apex in female; each

segment with a row of marginals, which is rather indistinct near middle of first,

but is conspicuous at sides of first and middle of the posterior segments, third

segment also with weak, fourth with strong, discal setae in a transverse row,

anterior segments with discals at sides only.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge. 7, not reaching level of ym, the

latter markedly oblique, beyond middle of discal cell; 74.; and m strongly

converging towards apex, 74; being somewhat curved backwards and m being

strongly upcurved and slightly sigmoid in apical half of last section. Calyptrae

rather opaque, ochraceous to ferruginous towards and on margin (sometimes

also on disc) ; fringe yellowish. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with 3-4 strong pv

setae on less than basal half and a # and fd preapical, those of 9 in addition

with a row of short a setae, which terminates in 1-2 stronger ones just before

432 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

middle, mid-tibiae with a strong p seta at middle; hind femora with an ad row

and a pd preapical and 3-4 av in apical half, hind tibiae with a strong ad at

middle, a moderately strong av at three-fifths, and a d and ad preapical, the

latter not much more than half as long as the d preapical.

UcanpaA: Mt. Mgahinga, 10,000-11,000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 3 type, I ¢ para-

type, 6 2 paratypes, 11,000 ft., 22.x1.34, I 2 paratype, 8000 ft., xi.34, I 9

paratype; Birunga, ii.33 (G. L. R. Hancock), 1 9 paratype. In three females

from Kenya: Nveri Track, Aberdares, 10,500-11,000 ft., x.34 (fF. W. Edwards,

J. Ford), the grey dust is more conspicuous on the disc of the metanotum, and

the brown spots on the abdomen are suffused and inconspicuous or indistinct.

Limnophora perfida Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 522.

n. syn. L. andersoni Mall. 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 167.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft. (J. Ford), 1 3, 1 9, gooo ft.

(F.W.E.), 2 3,19. UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.),

1 g.—Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Arusha-Ju (2 9 paratypes seen). ABys-

SINIA: Diredawa (i 2 paratype seen); of andersont: KENYA: east side of forest of

the Aberdare Mts., 7300 ft.; south edge of Kenya Forest, 5000-6000 ft.—Seen

from: UGANDA: Birunga, 11.33 (G. L. R. Hancock); Nkokonjeru, 23-27.x11.26

(G. L. R. Hancock). KENYA: Teita Hills (S.), vii.47 (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 9,

in which the post band is not connected with the dark coloration of the scutellum.

The identification of Stein’s species cannot be doubtful as the single p seta

of the mid-tibiae, 3 post dc, and the unusually strong lower stf/ (an indication

of its being equidistant from the other 2 stp) are mentioned in the description.

Among the species defined by these characters ferfida can be recognised by

narrow frontal vitta, shortly but distinctly haired arista, the presence of a

costal spine and conspicuous costal spinules in the female, the coloration (all

mentioned in Stein’s description) and the absence of an ad seta from the mid-

tibiae (the presence of this seta would have been stated by Stein). L. paralleli-

frons is distinguished by a wider frons and an arista which Stein would have

termed bare or almost bare, and majuscula by the suffusion on the wings, which

Stein would certainly have mentioned, and the more extended dark coloration

of the presutural part of the mesonotum. The types of Malloch’s andersonz in

the B.M. have all the characters attributed to perfida and are identical with

the Kinangop specimens. Abyssinian specimens are more conspicuously and

extensively grey dusted.

Limnophora majuscula sp. n. 32

Length, 5:2-6:9 mm. ; of wings, 6:2-6-9 mm.

Black with brown and grey pollinosity, which is not very dense on head

and thorax, except on the shoulders and notopleurae, which are densely whitish-

MUSCIDAE 433

grey dusted; pollinosity in some places, especially on pleurae, with greenish or

bluish reflections. Interfrontalia, including frontal triangle, dull black, in male

somewhat velvety; ocellar tubercle, parafrontalia and upper part of occiput

(at least cerebrale and a strip along the eyes) brown dusted, rest of head

brownish-grey dusted except for the central part of the jowls and lower part of

occiput, which are grey with bluish or olivaceous reflections. Mesonotum

greyish-brown dusted on disc with a not very conspicuous (indistinct in 3)

vitta over the dc, which appears more brownish or greenish grey than the rest

in accordance with the direction of the light; the suture narrowly brownish

anteriorly except near median line. Abdomen rather densely grey dusted with

greenish or bluish reflections, especially in female; first to third segments

each with a pair of large suffused dorsal spots, which occupy the whole

length of the segments but extend only half-way towards the sides; fourth

segment with an elongate median spot, these spots not very striking.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous-black, femora with some olivaceous-grey

pollinosity.

Head about as long (in male slightly shorter) at vibrissae as high, occipital

profile convex (in male not or hardly so on upper third), facial profile strongly

concave, the antennal base moderately, the vibrissal angles strongly produced,

frontal profile very slightly convex, almost straight, moderately sloping (less

so in female), peristomal profile straight in posterior three-quarters, obtusely

bent upwards and strongly ascending anteriorly. Eyes separated by hardly

half to almost fully the width of the third antennal segment in male, by almost

a third head-width at vertex in female, frons and face rather evenly and in

male strongly dilated in a slightly (in female hardly) sigmoid curve, the eyes

being shortly and slightly emarginate towards lower extremity (in front view),

eyes not reaching level of mouth-margin; parafrontalia almost linear behind

in male, one-fifth to one-sixth the width of the interfrontalia in female, rather

strongly widened anteriorly with about 6 strong and often some odd small

inclinate setae on anterior half or a little more, the upper half in male bare, in

female with 2 not very strong reclinate setae, the anterior one of which is not

stronger than the posterior one; in addition, as a rule some setulose hairs on

anterior part outwards of the inclinate setae; frontal triangle (2) not reaching

lunula. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals long and in female strong.

Parafacialia almost as wide, jowls almost twice as wide, as third antennal

segment. The latter two and a half to three times as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista short-haired in its entire length,

about half as wide, including hair, as third antennal segment, hairs at apical

fourth almost as long as at basal fourth.

Thorax with about 6 irregular rows of acy hairs, the outer ones more or less

poorly developed in front of suture, prsc rather fine or indistinct; 2-+-3 strong

dc, anterior post ia weak or indistinct, posterior one not very strong; disc of

434 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

scutellum with numerous short hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal setae rather

strong, anterior and lower stpl strong, posterior one very strong, stfl arranged

in an isosceles triangle with an obtuse angle.

Abdomen moderately flattened; subconical with rounded-truncate apex in

male, ovate with pointed apex in female; first and second segments each with

o-4 lateral marginals, third and fourth (and sometimes second) with a complete

conspicuous marginal row, fourth also with a discal row. Hypopygium of male

not prominent, sixth segment broad, with rather numerous erect stiff bristles .

and without a median furrow; fourth ventrite rather deeply and broadly excised,

the base of the excision broadly rounded.

Wings (Plate X, Fig. 6) brownish, almost subopaque, front margin strongly

browned to beyond 7,;3. Costal spine and spinules rather well developed, 7, not

reaching level of 7m, the latter well beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and m

strongly converging towards apex, the former being somewhat curved back-

wards, the latter strongly upcurved and somewhat sigmoid in almost apical

half of last section. Calyptrae subopaque, somewhat smoky or ferruginous,

margin and fringe pale yellowish to ferruginous, lower calyptra half as long

again as upper one, strongly projecting. Halteres pale yellowish red.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with 3-6 strong v

setae n basal half, a # and pd preapical, and those of female in addition with

a row of short a setae in basal half, which terminates in a somewhat stronger

one shortly before middle, mid-tibiae with a strong p seta just before middle;

hind femora with an ad row, a pd preapical, and 3-5 av in about apical half,

the last of them being the strongest, hind tibiae with a strong ad just beyond

middle, an av almost at apical third, and a d and ad preapical, the latter being

about half as long as the d one.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Alpine Zone, 12,000—13,000 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

I g paratype, I 2 paratype, 12,000 ft., on Lobelia elgonensis, 2 2 paratypes;

Mt. Elgon; Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 3 g, 7 9 paratypes. UGANDA: Mt.

Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., vili.34, I Q paratype.

Limnophora majuscula kinangopana ssp. n.

A small series from the Aberdares has a rather different general appearance

although the structural characters are almost identical. The size is noticeably

greater (7:2-8-2 mm., wings 7:2-8-6 mm.), the greenish or bluish reflections

are absent in male, the lower part of the occiput, the mesonotum and the

pleurae being instead brownish black with a slight brassy sheen. In female the

reflections are brownish blue instead of greyish olivaceous. The anterior fost 1a

is absent. The pattern of the abdomen is darker and more extended in male,

vestigial in female.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, 10,000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), g type, 1 3

paratype (F.W.E.), 1 g paratype, 8000 ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), I 2 paratype.

MUSCIDAE 435

Limnophora longiseta sp.n. 3°

Length, 5-5-7:5 mm.; of wings, 5-7-8: mm.

Black with dark brown and grey pollinosity, the latter in many places with

shifting bluish or greenish reflections. Interfrontalia dull black with some

brownish reflections, parafrontalia and upper part of occiput with dark-brown

pollinosity, face and lower part of head with brownish-grey dust, central part

of jowls and lateral part of occiput grey dusted with bluish reflections. Mesono-

tum largely brownish black with some brassy reflections, in female with a more

or less distinct vitta of greenish reflections over the dc; shoulders and noto-

pleurae densely whitish-grey dusted, this area extending in a narrow brownish-

grey band along anterior side of suture up to the small triangular pale-dusted

spot behind the second frst dc, mesopleura and pteropleura largely brown dusted

or (9) at least with brown reflections, lower parts of pleurae largely bluish-grey

dusted, in a few places with brown reflections. Abdomen bluish-grey or grey

dusted, each segment with a pair of large brassy black-brown spots, in female

these spots are often missing from the fourth segment and they are less dark.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, femora with some bluish-grey reflections.

Head about as long at vibrissae as high, occipital profile strongly convex

in female, straight or slightly concave in upper half and convex below in male,

facial profile strongly concave, the antennal base moderately, the vibrissal

angles strongly, produced, frontal profile almost straight (in male often slightly

concave), moderately sloping, peristomal profile straight in posterior three-

quarters, obtusely bent upwards and strongly ascending. anteriorly. Eyes of

male separated by half to slightly more than fully the width of the third

antennal segment, of female by a third the head-width or somewhat less, frons

of male considerably widened posteriorly and even somewhat more anteriorly,

only very slightly widened anteriorly in female, face strongly ($) or moderately

(2?) and evenly dilated to lower extremity of eyes, which lies above level of

vibrissae; parafrontalia gradually dilated anteriorly, very narrow (3) or a fifth

the width of the interfrontalia (2) in posterior half, with a small proclinate seta

at level of anterior ocellus (J), or two rather small reclinate setae, the anterior

‘one slightly weaker in posterior half (2) and 4-5 inclinate setae and some

setulae (odd ones inclinate and some outwards of the inclinate row proclinate)

on slightly more than anterior half; frontal triangle (2) not reaching !unula.

Ocellars rather long (3) or long and strong (9), verticals fine but rather long

and distinct ($) or strong (2). Parafacialia almost as wide, jowls almost twice as

wide, as third antennal segment. The latter two and a half to three times as long

as wide at base, somewhat widened towards apex, falling short of mouth-margin

by almost its own width; arista twice as long as third antennal joint, the hairs

about as long on intermediate half as basal diameter of arista, becoming gradually

shorter apicad and slightly longer between basal fourth and incrassate part.

436 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thorax with only 2-3 irregular rows of acr hairs in front of, and 6 behind,

suture, prsc small, sometimes indistinct; 2+3 strong dc, only the posterior za

present; disc of scutellum with rather numerous short hairs. Propleuraland pros-

tigmatal setae rather strong, anterior and lower stf/ strong, posterior one very

strong, stpl arranged in a virtually isosceles triangle with a slightly obtuse angle.

Abdomen slightly flattened, oblong, almost parallel-sided or moderately

tapering behind with rounded-truncate apex (g), or ovate with pointed apex

(2); first to third segments each with some lateral marginals, which merge

dorso-medially in a row of less distinct (more so on third segment, especially of

male) marginals; fourth segment with a row of marginals and discals. Hypo-

pygium of male not prominent, sixth segment broad, with rather numerous

erect stiff bristles and without a median furrow; fourth ventrite very broadly

and moderately deeply excised, the base of the excision almost truncate.

Wings subhyaline, slightly brownish; 7, not reaching level of y—m, the latter

well beyond middle of discal cell; 74;; and m strongly converging towards apex,

the former being curved backwards, the latter strongly upcurved and somewhat

sigmoid in less than apical half of last section. Calyptrae yellowish orange with

concolorous border and yellowish fringe, the lower one at least half as long again

as upper one and strongly projecting. Halteres pale or dull yellowish red.

Legs rather slender, fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with

about 5-6 v setae in basal two-fifths, the third and fourth being strongest, a p

and fd preapical, and a row of small setae, which as a rule terminates in a

stronger one just before middle, mid-tibiae with a strong p seta at middle; hind

femora with an ad row, a pd preapical and an av row, in which a submedian

and 1-2 preapical setae are more or less conspicuously stronger than the other

setae, hind tibiae with a strong ad beyond middle, a rather short av at three-

fifths and a d preapical.

Ucanba: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 11,000 ft. (E. G. Gibbins), 3 type,

3.4, 7 2 paratypes, I1,000-12,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3 paratypes, 10,200 ft. (F.W.E.),

2 d paratypes; 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3, 2 2 paratypes; Nyamgasani Valley,

Ruwenzori, 12,000-13,000 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 3, 4 9 paratypes. In the

Nyamgasani male the av of the hind tibia is absent.

[Limnophora aculeipes aculeipes Stein]

1913, Stein, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 521.

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14: 468 (1948).

I have since seen 2 2 paratypes from Diredawa.

Limnophora aculeipes latilamellata Mall.

1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 165.

L. aculeipes Stein var., Stein 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. or., Dipt. 4: 124.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 2 3;

above Nakuru, c. 9300 ft., on Lobelia aberdarica (F.W.E.), 3 3, 2 2; Mt. Elgon,

MUSCIDAE 437

Alpine Zone, 12,000 ft., on Lobelia elgonensis (F.W.E.), 4 3, 6 2, Heath Zone,

10,500-11,500 ft., 3 J, 3 9, on Lobelia elgonensis, 6 3, 29; Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli,

9500 ft., on Lobelia aberdarica (J. Ford), 1 3.—Typical locality: north of Mt.

Kenya, 8300 ft. (in B.M.). Recorded from: Mt. Kenya, bamboo forests, 2870 m.

Imm

A’S

Fic. 31.—Limnophora aculeipes latilamellata Mall., 3. Dorsal view of head and

thorax.

TANGANYIKA: Mt. Kilimanjaro, upper limit of forests, near Bismarckhiigel,

2700-2800 m. (both by Stein as aculetpes Stein var.).

According to Malloch the thorax is without differentiated vittae. However,

in posterior view the type has along the dc a pair of narrow pale-dusted vittae,

which are only slightly less conspicuous than in the other specimens at hand

(Fig. 31).

IT, 6 (i)

438 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

In one female from Mt. Kinangop, 1200 ft. (F.W.E.) the broad dark vittae

of the thorax are almost absent, in this female and in three males captured above

Nakuru, c. 9300 ft., on Lobelia aberdarica (F.W.E.) the hind tibiae have a strong

Fic. 32.—Limnophora aculeipes euvymetopa ssp. n., 3. Dorsal view of head and

thorax.

pd seta. These four specimens are therefore somewhat intermediate (but not in

the formation of the male frons) between Jlatilamellata and eurymetopa and

indicate that the latter is not a good species, but only another though rather

strikingly different subspecies of aculeipes.

MUSCIDAE A359,

Limnophora aculeipes eurymetopa ssp. n. 3’

Although this form differs from aculecpes s. str. in such important characters

as the presence of a # seta on the fore tibia, a fd on the hind tibia, the dichoptic

head and the reduction of the thoracic pattern, the presence of intermediate

forms like latilamellata Malloch, which Stein himself considered only a variation

of aculeipes, and of specimens of latilamellata with a pd on the hind tibiae

proves clearly enough that ewrymetopa is only a subspecies of aculeipes. It tallies

with the typical form except for the characters mentioned above and in the

key, and the distribution of the forms seems to confirm this view. The dichoptic

condition of the head is, of course, a character of much smaller importance in

the light of present knowledge than it would have appeared some thirty years

ago, when much less was known about dichoptic males of normally holoptic

Fanma and generally about the occurrence of intersexes. In the present case

the evolution of a dichoptic local race is believed to indicate reduced flying

activities at high altitudes.

Kenya: Nyeri Track, Aberdares, 10,000-11,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

3 5, 3 8 paratypes, on Senecio aberdaricus (J. Ford), x 9 paratype. —

Camptotarsopoda Strand (Camptotarsus Stein nec Thorell)

Malloch (1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (x0) 8: 548; lc. (r0) 4: 324) keyed

Stein’s five species and commented on the systematic position of the genus and

the doubtful justification of renaming organisms with which an author is

absolutely unacquainted. In making Camptotarsopoda a subgenus of Helina

and differentiating it from Limnophora, Malloch used primarily the setulose

prosternum of the latter. However, the general appearance and formation of

the head in Camptotarsopoda is much more like those in Limnophora than in

Helina, and the absence of an ad preapical from the hind tibiae seems to prove

that this similarity is the expression of a real relationship. All the known

species are Ethiopian. Of C. pilifemuy only a defective female is at hand.

KEY LO THE SPECIES OF CAMPTOLTARSOPODA

1 (2) Three post de. Legs wholly black. Abdomen glossy black. Notopleurae

thinly dark dusted, only “he posterior surface of the sues somewhat

ereyish dusted. Hind tibiae of male without av or ad seta, of female only

with an av seta; mid-tibiae in both sexes with a p seta, = male with the

setulae of the ad row much longer in apical half. : nitida Stein

2 (1) Four post dc. Legs yellow or black, in the latter case the basal part of the

fore tibiae strikingly cream-white. Abdomen dusted.

3 (4) Legs yellow, some or all femora often browned, the apices of the tarsal

joints in male very narrowly browned. Antennae pale ferruginous, third

joint often infuscate in dorsal part. Palpi yellow. Thorax piceous-black

with brown dust, without paler dusted spots. ¢: intermediate abdominal

segments pale translucent, each with a large triangular median spot,

which extends into a complete hind marginal band (in lateral view; pale

dusted with a pair of roundish dark spots in posterior view) . pallipes Stein

440 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

4 (3) Legs black, the basal part of the fore tibiae creamy white, the base of the

other tibiae often yellowish translucent. Antennae and palpi fuscous-

black. Thorax with at least the posterior part of the humeri and the

notopleurae grey or cinereous dusted.

5 (6) Mesonotum with an ochreous or grey transverse prst and pysc band, the

former in male interrupted in middle . . i . [pilifemuy Stein]

6 (5) Mesonotum evenly black with thin brown dust, except on humeri and

notopleurae, which are pale grey or cinereous dusted.

7 (8) Tarsi wholly black. Mid-tibiae of male without outstanding hairs on # sur-

face but for the pu seta, the pd setulae hali appressed and about half as

long as tibial diameter - . . falbibasis Stein]

8::(7)5, Ag ticulations of the fore tarsi narr owly pale yellow ish translucent, sometimes

the intermediate segments more or less entirely of this colour. Mid-tibiae

(Fig. 12) of male with a row of conspicuous erect setulae on a and p

surfaces, these setulae about as long as the tibial diameter. annutlitarsis Stein

Camptotarsopoda nitida Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 527.

UcanbA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 g¢; Namwamba

Valley, 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft.,

cedar forest (F.W.E.), 2 g, gooo ft., 1 g.—Typical locality: TANGANYIKA:

Arusha-Ju. Recorded from: KENnya: Mt. Kenya, lower Podocarpus-woods,

2400 m. (Stein). In B.M. from: UGANDA: Nymabitaba, 8000 ft., 14.vill.31r

(G. L. R. Hancock).

Camptotarsopoda pallipes Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 527.

UcanpA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9.—Typical localities:

TANGANYIKA: Moshi; Kibosho. Nata: Durban. Recorded from: UGANDA:

Mujenje. NATAL: Sarnia (Stein). In B.M. from: S. Nicer1A: Yaba, I1.vili.og

(W. M. Graham), 1 3. N. NIGERIA: Baro, ix.10 (J. W. S. Macfie), 1

[Camptotarsopoda pilifemur Stein]

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 526.

Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Moshi; Kibosho. Recorded from: UGANDA:

Mujenje (Stein). Nata: Durban (Malloch). In B.M. from: Kenya: Nairobi,

v1.28 (van Someren).

[Camptotarsopoda albibasis Stein]

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 526.

n. syn. Spilogona azelina Séguy 1933, Mem. Estud. Mus. zool. Coimbra (1) 67: 52.

Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho (2 3, 2 2 paratypes seen); Moshi;

Arusha-Ju. NATAL: Durban. Recorded from Kenya: Mt. Kenya, Lower Podo-

carpus-woods, 2400 m. (Stein).

MUSCIDAE 441

According to the characters mentioned in the description Spilogona azelina

is a synonym of either this or the following species. Its typical locality is

Durban, from where some of the types of albtbasis came. As annulitarsis, on

the other hand, has not been found south of Tanganyika, and as Séguy does

not mention the annulate tarsi so distinctive of its male, it is obvious that

azelina Ség. coincides with albibasis Stein.

Camptotarsopoda annulitarsis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 524.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-9000 ft. (D. R. Buxton),

4 9; Namwamba Valley, 6500 and 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3; Kyarumba, 4500 ft.

(D. R. Buxton), i 9.

Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho; Moshi; Arusha-Ju. In B.M.

from: KENYA: 5~7 miles into Kenya Forest, near Luchi River, 9—10.ii.11 (T. /.

Anderson); Nairobi, vii.30 and vil.37 (van Someren) (among 18 specimens

seen not a-single female). UGANDA: Bwamba Pass, 8000 ft., 4.1.32 (E. G.

Gibbins), 9 3 seen; Nymabitaba, 8000 ft., 4.vili.31 (G. R. L. Hancock), 2

3, I 9 seen.

Prohydrotaea g. n.

Upper part of occiput flattened, plane (4) or very slightly convex (2), with

at most a few odd setules behind the occipital row, glossy black. Arista almost

bare. 2+3 dc; pra absent. Lower calyptra of Phaonia-type, not very long and

not much projecting below the upper one. Halteres fuscous-black, at least in

male. sc shaped as in Hydrotaea, i.e. not distinctly sinuate behind its point

farthest distant from c, and not very steeply ascending to c in apical part;

apical section of m not or very slightly upcurved; sixth vein very short, its

free part about half as long as an imaginary extension of the vein from its tip

to wing margin. Hind tibia without a fd seta, with a d preapical, but without

an ad preapical.

¢$: holoptic; fore femora simple, without teeth or strong setae near apex,

the other legs also without secondary sexual characters, especially the mid-

metatarsus of equal width and formation from base to apex.

: a pair of cruciate (or rather converging but not meeting) interfrontal

and of proclinate parafrontal setae present (Fig. 33).

This genus and Camptotarsopoda are obviously transitional between the

Limnophora-group and Hydyotaea-Ophyra, and the females of Prohydrotaea

could actually more easily be joined to the latter genera than to the present

group. However, the males differ little from more typical members of the

Limnophora-group, and the females of Camptotarsopoda in their turn cannot

442 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

easily be differentiated from the same group. Prohydrotaea has only 3 post dc

whereas Hydrotaea has always 4. The eyes of the male are very large and

contiguous.

Two species are at hand, and neither has been described before as far as

I can see. Genotype: P. fasczata sp. n.

KEY: 'TO. THE SPECIES OF -PROHYDROTAEA

1 (2) Glossy black with thin brown dust, which does not forma pattern. 9: frontal

triangle very large, reaching lunula, the dull part of the interfrontalia

reduced to a line on either side, interfrontal Sac on the frontal triangle;

halteres black . ; {nitida sp. n.]

2 (3) Dull and densely dusted, the "mesonotum black vith a cinereous transverse

band, which extends from the second post dc to the scutellar suture;

abdomen cinereous dusted with a pair of dull black spots and an incom-

plete median vitta on at least the second and third segments. @: frontal

triangle not reaching middle, the dull part of the interfrontalia ieee and

well developed, interfrontal setae on ‘it in front of apex of triangle;

halteres pale. : ‘ : , A § 4 ; fasciata sp. n.

[Prohydrotaea nitida sp. n. ¢ 9]

Length, 1-8—-2-2 mm.; of wings, I-9-2°3 mm.

Entirely picegus black shining and with only very thin brownish pollinosity.

Palpi, legs and antennae fuscous.

Head almost semiglobular in dorsal view, about a third (in female slightly

less) higher than long (Fig. 33);

occipital profile slightly convex, but

almost straight (Q), or just noticeably

concave (g) above; frontal profile

strongly sloping and slightly convex

in male, somewhat less sloping and

straight in anterior half in female;

facial profile almost straight, hardly

concave, but the vibrissal angles

themselves distinctly — projecting;

peristomal profile rather broadly

convex, moderately ascending behind

and slightly more strongly ascending

WIS in front; vibrissae at mouth-margin,

ee ‘AAS which does not project between

them, conspicuously above level

of lower eye-margins. Eyes bare,

contiguous in male except -on

anterior third of frons, where the parafrontalia are furnished with 2 pairs

of small inclinate setae; in female the frons is almost parallel-sided, slightly

less than a third head-width above, slightly more than a third below, the

frontal triangle glossy, reaching front margin broadly, and reducing the

Itc. 33.—Prohydrotaea nitida sp. n., 9.

Lateral view of head.

MUSCIDAE 443

interfrontalia to a dull tapering line on either side, cruciate interfrontal setae

lying on the triangle close to its side margin, parafrontalia glossy, rather broad

in front, narrow at and above middle, with 3 inclinate and 1 proclinate seta,

the latter somewhat above middle. Inner and outer verticals and ocellars small

and fine in male, moderately strong but not very long in female. Sides of face

moderately (3) or slightly (2) diverging, almost straight; parafacialia linear,

jowls three-quarters ($) or half (2) as wide as third antennal segment. The

latter half as long again as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its own

width in male and reaching mouth-margin in female; arista with rather sparse,

not very erect, short hairs, none of which are as long as its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2 rows of rather conspicuous acy, which are slightly less widely

separated from each other than from the dc; 2+3 dc, which are moderately

strong, 2 7a and a small pra setula (always ?), second mpl more or less con-

spicuously shorter than first; the other setae of normal development; disc of

scutellum with only single setulose hairs. Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior

stpl moderately strong, posterior stpl strong, lower one absent.

_ Abdomen considerably flattened, short-ovate, almost cordate in male, apex

strongly pointed in female; each segment with some rather conspicuous lateral

marginals, the fourth also with 1-2 lateral discals. Hypopygium of male small,

only slightly projecting in profile.

Wings subhyaline, greyish. 7, reaching level of v—m, the latter at (Q) or

beyond (4) two-thirds of discal cell; 74;; and m quite conspicuously (though

not strongly) converging in a very long and shallow curve, their apices straight.

Lower calyptra somewhat shorter than upper one, only slightly projecting,

border and fringe whitish in female, brownish in male.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of Tone

erect a setulae from base to middle, an a (2 only), p and fd preapical, a fringe

of long # hairs (more conspicuous and more complete in male) and in male

with an erect stiff av seta at basal third, mid-tibia with 2 # setae; hind femur

with a weakly developed ad and av row, both terminating in 2 stronger preapical

setae, and a fd preapical, hind tibia with an ad at middle and in female an av

well beyond it, in male 2-3 av and fu.

GoLp Coast: Yapi (N. Territories), x.15 (J. J. Simpson), 3 type, I 3 para-

type, 7 paratypes.

Prohydrotaea fasciata sp.n. gQ

Length, 2-5-2:8 mm.; of wings, 2°5-2:9 mm.

Fuscous-brown, in male with dark, light brown and greyish, in female with

grey dust. Male dull dark brown with the face greyish brown and a transverse

area from the second de to the scutellar suture somewhat silky lighter brown,

abdomen cinereous dusted with black dots at the base of the (not very numerous)

444 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

hairs and a pair of slightly transverse roundish black spots on each segment

(suffused on the first) and a black median vitta, which is interrupted by a

narrow pale-dusted hind margin of each segment. Female with dull black

interfrontalia, otherwise brownish-grey dusted with brown reflections, scutellum

dark brown on disc with brownish-grey side margins and apex; abdomen as

in male, but the median vitta rather indistinct and the dots at the base of the

hairs minute. Legs, palpi and antennae fuscous-brown.

Head almost semiglobular in dorsal view, almost half as high again as long

in male, more than a third higher than long in female; occipital profile slightly

convex in more than lower half, almost straight, very slightly concave above; .

frontal profile very slightly convex, moderately sloping in female, strongly

sloping in male; facial profile straight, only the vibrissal angles slightly pro-

jecting; peristomal profile straight in posterior two-thirds, obtusely upcurved

and truncate in anterior third; vibrissae at mouth-margin, considerably above

level of lower eye-margins. Eyes bare, contiguous in male, except on anterior

third of frons, which is furnished with a pair of inclinate setae and at hind end

with a pair of minute proclinate setulae; in female the frons parallel-sided, a

third head-width ; interfrontalia 5 times as wide as a parafrontale, the cruciate

setae at middle, the frontal triangle dusted, hardly passing basal third, para-

frontalia with a moderately strong inclinate seta in front and sometimes I—2

small ones in front and behind it, in addition with a rather strong proclinate

seta above middle and with 2 reclinate setae on upper two-fifths, the anterior

one of which is smaller. Ocellars very small and fine and verticals indistinct

in male, ocellars and inner and outer verticals moderately strong, but not very

long in female. Face of male with a bell-shaped outline, 7.e. the sides convex

above and concave towards lower eye-margins, in female slightly and evenly

dilated with almost parallel sides; parafacialia linear; jowls slightly wider (3)

or somewhat less wide (2) than third antennal segment. The latter half as wide

again as long, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width (3) or less (9) ;

arista long and slender, rather evenly short-haired, the rays largely as long as

its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2 rows of acr in front of and 3-4 behind suture, the frst ones

slightly less widely separated from each other than from the de; 2+-3 rather

strong dc; both post 7a well developed; the other setae developed normally;

disc of scutellum with only single setulose hairs. Propleural and anterior stfl

not very strong, lower stl weak, posterior stp/ strong.

Abdomen subconical with rounded-truncate apex in male, ovate with pointed

apex in female; each segment with 2 rather long marginals and discals at sides.

Hypopygium of male small, not projecting in profile. é

Wings subhyaline, in male with a rather’ strong, in female with a slight

brown tinge. 7, slightly passing level of ym in male, not fully reaching it in

female. ym at about apical third of discal cell; 74;; and m quite conspicuously

MUSCIDAE 445

(though not strongly) converging to apex in a very long and shallow curve,

their apices straight. Lower calyptra somewhat shorter than upper one, only

slightly projecting, brown with dark-brown border and fringe in male, greyish

with yellowish border and fringe in female.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of long

erect a setulae from base to middle, a f and fd preapical, a fringe of long p

hairs and in male (female mid-legs lost) with an erect, stiff av seta at basal

third, mid-tibia with 1 f# seta; hind femur with a row of weak ad and av, the

former ending in one, the latter in 2-3 strong preapicals, and with a fd preapical,

hind tibia in female with a stronger, in male with 2 fine av, apparently without

an ad.

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 10,r00 ft. ([. H. E. Jackson),

¢ type, I d paratype, 2 2 paratypes; Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3 paratype.

Spilogona S. & D.

1911, Anthom., p. 141, 152.

This group has been treated as a subgenus of Limnophora by most authors,

and the separation of the two aggregates would appear even less sharp if one

must allow, as it is done here, species with single setulae on the prosternum in

Spilogona. However, it is even more difficult to define Helina from Spilogona,

and the alternative to separate genera would be not so much the fusion of

Limnophora and Spilogona but the union of almost the whole of the Mydaea-

group in a single genus. Limnophora, Spilogona, and Helina being very large

genera even as it is, the course here adopted is considered a reasonably inter-

mediate one between lumping the greater part of the Phaoniinae in one genus

and splitting it up into very numerous small genera.

General appearance, shape of head, coloration and pattern are largely, but

not always, those of Limnophora and sometimes even Lisfe, and the habits

are apparently consistent with these characters. On the other hand, the ad

preapical of the hind tibia often approaches the size it has in the Mydaea-group.

The genus (and more especially semzargentata, and the species following after

it in the key) is thus somewhat intermediate between the Limnophorini and

Mydaeini, and this fact has been taken into account in drafting the key to the

genera of the latter group.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SPILOGONA

t (8) Node of 74,, with some fine setulae on ventral and/or dorsal surface.

Prosternum almost always with 1-2 black setulae on each margin.

Vibrissal angle markedly produced, always somewhat more projecting

than frontal angle. Aristal hairs short, the longest hairs seldom more than

half (and up to two-thirds) the length of the diameter of third antennal

segment. Lower stp/ much nearer to posterior than to anterior one. fore

tibiae without a submedian seta, hind tibiae with one ad and one av.

440 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2(7) 3 strong post dc. Parafrontalia largely pale grey dusted. Longest hairs of

arista less than twice as long as its basal diameter. ¢g dichoptic (of

lispoides unknown).

3 (4) Frontal triangle embossed (Fig. 34), reaching lunula, where it is truncate.

Mid-tibia with two p setae. Parafacialia fully as wide as third antennal

joint. Frons not wider at lunula than at vertex, entirely pale golden

dusted, upper part of face of the same width, lower part, from level of

arista onwards, dilated. Longest hairs of arista shorter than its basal

diameter. Head and thorax agers Serie dusted, oe the pores

of the setae and hairs black : : F [gilvifrons sp. n.]

4 (3) Frontal triangle not embossed, not slbadly denned anteriorly (ee 35), only

an extension of a more shining or paler dusted area more or less reaching

lunula, Mid-tibia with one p seta. Parafacialia much narrower than

third antennal joint. [rons more or less distinctly dilated anteriorly,

interfrontalia dull black. Longest hairs of arista distinctly longer than

its basal diameter. Mesonotum dark brown dusted, humeri and noto-

pleurae densely pale bluish-grey dusted.

5 (6) Palpislightly spatulate. m straight near apex. Frons with one rather strong

reclinate (and outwardly bent) seta. Parafacialia half as wide as third

antennal joint. Frons conspicuously dilated anteriorly, face very slightly

narrowed below lunula : a é : a . [lispoides sp. n.]

6 (5) Palpi subcylindrical. mm conspicuously apourved at apex. Frons (g) with

two small reclinate setae. Parafacialia linear below. Frons slightly

dilated anteriorly, face consmicuons)y narrowed from lunula to lower

third (Fig. 35) . ; 5 ‘: » dichoptica sp. n.

7 (2) 4 post dc. Parafrontalia brown dustcd: Nbdomen watt a narrow pale-dusted

median vitta. Mid-tibia with one ~ seta. Arista short-pubescent, longest

hairs shorter than basal diameter of arista (Fig. 36). Apical sector of m

virtually straight. Frontal and vibrissal angles strongly projecting in

profile. Mesonotum brown-black except for the humeri, notopleurae,

and an oblique spot along front margin of postalar callus. ¢: frons

about twice as wide as third antennal joint . é : _ obliquesignata sp...

8 (1) Node of 74,; and prosternum bare.

9 (26) 3 strong post dc (Figs. 37, 38); the anterior prst dc short or absent. Mid-tibiae

with 2 p setae. Arista plumose, longest rays never much shorter than

diameter of third antennal segment. ad preapical of hind tibia longer

than tibial diameter.

10 (13) Arista short-plumose, longest rays of arista about as long as diameter of

third antennal segment. Y4,5 and m parallel at apex or rather slightly

curved backwards in concentric curves, Fore tibiae with a p seta, hind

tibiae with 1(—2) av and two ad. Frons of both sexes very broad and

slightly concave, that of male wholly silver-white. Mesonotum of 3

silver-white with three large post spots, of ¢ (Fig. 37) with a broad post

band and three large prst spots. Second and third abdominal segments

each with a triangular dark median spot (tapering posteriorly) and a pair

of more or less L-shaped dark spots. : . semiargentata Villen.... 13

11 (£2) prsc strong, well before level of last dc. Fore femora and apex of the posterior

ones strongly and broadly but suffusedly infuscate. 9: upper two-fifths

of parafrontalia pale dusted; post band with an indentation of the posterior

and often anterior border on the line of the dc, indicating the place of

coalescence of three post pots. : . semiargentata semiargentata Villen.

12 (II) oS not very strong, at level of the last dc. Femora wholly testaceous.

paratrontalia wholly brown dusted; post band broader (Fig. 37), its

front margin following suture, its hind margin reaching hind dc, but _

without indentations : 5 ; : [semiargentata latifascia sp. n.]

1 This group from semiargentata to subfasciata is very closely related to Helina and

might almost as well be included in the latter genus, the main difference being the absence

of an a preapical seta from the mid-femora in the present group. As the pattern, too, is

of a Limnophorine type, the group has after much hesitation been included in Spilogona

rather than in Helina.

MUSCIDAE 447

13 (10) Arista long-plumose, longest rays of arista 13-24 times as long as diameter

of third antennal joint. v,,, and mm distinctly diverging at apex; costal

spine indistinct. Pattern (seldom indistinct) consisting of a median vitta

and a pair of paramedian vittae, the latter running over and to the outer

side of the dc and as a rule more or less dilated behind suture, especially

outwardly, so that an incomplete or sometimes even a complete post band

results (ig. 38). g$: frons 2-3 times as wide as third antennal joint.

14 (17) The basal two abdominal segments translucent yellow. Femora black with

yellowish apex. Penultimate section of m about as long as m—im. 3: ocel-

lars finer than the uppermost frontal setae; prst acy only in 2-3 rows

close together on the median vitta (Fig. 38) (pectinisetodes?). 2: anterior

reclinate frontal seta much stronger than the posterior one.

15 (16) Antennae fuscous Beal a . j 0 : 5 semifasciata sp. n.

16 (15) Third antennal segment wholly pale yellow’. : . [pectinisetodes sp. n.]

17 (14) Abdomen wholly fuscous with pale grey dust, even at base. 3: pyrst acy

distributed over the whole width between the de and arranged in four or

more rows (gilvicoynis?). 9: anterior reclinate frontal seta not stronger

than posterior one or absent (gvacilicornis, subfasciata ?). ;

18 (25) Iemora black, with the apex narrowly yellowish.

19 (24) Antennae fuscous.

20 (21) The lower stl nearer to posterior than to anterior one. ¢: ocellars about as

long as the last pair of strong frontal setae (above which there may,

however, be a few small frontal setae or hairs) . p quasifasciata sp. n.

21 (20) The lower stp/ as far from posterior as from anterior one. ¢: ocellars small,

much shorter than the last pair of strong frontal setae.

22 (23) Anterior prst dc present though short. Third antennal segment 23-3 times

as long as wide, arista 3-4 times as long as its longest rays. ¢: at least

4-6 inclinate frontal setae; hind tibia without long erect hairs in addition

to the normal setae . Q . : : : : . ([biguttata sp. n.|

23 (22) Anterior prst dc absent. Third antennal segment (3g) 44 times as long as wide,

arista five times as long as its longest rays. g: only 3 strong inclinate

frontal setae; hind tibia on third and fourth fifths with a row of long

erect setulose p hairs, several of which are about thrice as.long as tibial

diameter : : é Gone n tae 6 j ¢ gracilicornis sp. n.|

24 (19) Third antennal segment wholly pale yellow. : 5 [gilvicornis sp. n.}

25 (t8) Femora yellow, with a dark suflusion at apex, especially marked on ventral

surface. Penultimate section of m considerably longer than m-im. 3: ocellars

much finer than the last pair of strong frontal setae (above which there

are, however, some finer setae) . A p ; E [subfasciata Emd.]

26 (9) 4 strong post dc (Pig. 39). Arista pubescent, the longest hairs not or hardly

longer than twice its diameter.

27 (28) Fore tibia without a p seta. Abdomen grey dusted with paramedian blackish

brown subtriangular spots on at least the second and third segments.

‘ 3: holoptic; thorax dark brown dusted, without a conspicuous pattern.

? 2: thorax pale grey dusted with three conspicuous dark brown vittae

fuscotviangulata sp. n.

28 (27) lore tibia with a p seta. Abdomen grey dusted with the entire or almost

entire hind margin of the anterior three segments broadly brown-black,

on the second and third segments this coloration is on and near median

line extended to, or almost to, front margin,

29 (30) Mid-tibia with one #, hind tibia with one ad. Anterior prst de absent.

Mesonotum wholly dark brown but for shoulders, notopleurae, a trans-

verse spot on hind margin, and the region of the postalar callosity ;

scutellum wholly dark brown. 9: only one reclinate frontal seta present,

which is at the same time strongly bent outward, frontal triangle only

indistinctly reaching midclle : “ : M Fs : oenosides Emd.}

48 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

30 (29) Mid-tibia with two p, hind tibia with two ad. Anterior prst dc well developed.

Mesonotum pale dusted with five dark brown vittae, which are fused and

extended at various places so as to enclose several oblong pale spots

(Fig. 39); base of scutellum with a subtriangular pale-dusted spot. Second

and third abdominal segments with a pair of narrow more or less faint

grey paramedian vittae extending backwards from base to beyond middle

and defining a narrow dark median vitta between them. Antennae falling

short of mouth-margin by fully or almost their own length. ¢: dichoptic,

with the facial profile quite straight, the vibrissal angles not prominent

at all. ®: 2 well-developed reclinate frontal setae; frontal triangle

reaching lunula : : : 6 . 0 . c spinipes Big.

[Spilogona gilvifrons sp. n. 39]

Length, 3:0-3-7 mm.; of wings, 3°I-3°5 mm.

Fuscous-black, densely pale-grey dusted, pollinosity on the disc of the

mesonotum slightly more cinereous, dorsum of the second and third abdominal

segments apparently (the abdomen is largely greasy in all three specimens)

somewhat brownish, with a smallish oblong brown spot on either side of median

line, when viewed postero-exteriorly. Frons wholly and evenly dull yellowish-

golden dusted. The pores of the setae and hairs appearing as minute black dots.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the femora grey dusted, the knees narrowly

testaceous, the tibiae of the female testaceous-translucent.

Head three-fifths (3) or two-fifths (2) higher than long, frontal profile not

much sloping, moderately convex in posterior, almost straight in anterior half,

occipital profile slightly convex, facial profile moderately concave above

vibrissae, almost straight though

distinctly receding in upper three-

fourths; peristomal profile almost

straight in posterior » two-thirds,

strongly upcurved and rather rounded

in anterior third; vibrissae not

appreciably above mouth-margin,

somewhat below level of lower eye-

margins. Frons slightly more than a

third ($3) to almost half (2) the width of

the head at vertex, slightly narrowed

anteriorly, but in male the anterior

Fic. 34.—Spilogona gilvifrons sp.n., 3. third gradually dilated again to the

Anterior view of head. ‘ :

width of the vertex (Fig. 34); frontal

triangle somewhat embossed, reaching lunula, where it is narrowly truncate,

interfrontalia about 3 times as wide at middle as parafrontalia, but largely

filled out by the frontal triangle, which leaves only a rather narrow strip on

either side; parafrontalia with I reclinate and about 4 (in the Nigerian

specimen 2~3) inclinate setae, in addition with a number of setulae outwards

of and between the inclinate setae of each side. Inner vertical not

MUSCIDAE 449

very strong, outer one weak (9), or both moderately strong (9); ocellars

‘moderately strong. Face moderately dilated with somewhat concave sides to

lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia in male as wide as, in female wider than,

third antennal segment, jowls twice as wide as this segment. The latter con-

siderably longer and broader in male than in female, about thrice as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its own width in male and by fully

its width in female; arista slightly incrassate at base, short-haired, the longest

hairs shorter than its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2-3 rows of acr hairs before and 4—5 behind suture, prse acy

fine or indistinct, 2-++-3 strong dc, 2 moderately strong za, pra absent; the other

dorsal setae well developed; disc of scutellum with not very numerous short

hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong; lower s/fl twice as

distant from the anterior as from the posterior one, the latter strong, the lower

one weak, the anterior one rather short.

Abdomen ovate in male, short-ovate with pointed apex in female; male

hypopygium only slightly prominent in lateral view, with a longitudinal furrow ;

second to fourth segments each with a marginal row of not very strong setae,

the fourth in addition with a discal row.

Wings subhyaline, rather strongly iridescent; 7, virtually reaching level of

y—m, the latter at three-fifths (g) or slightly beyond middle (2) of discal cell;

74+, and m almost parallel in apical third though strongly diverging apicad of

r-m. Calyptrae opaque white, with the border and fringe very pale yellowish,

the lower one almost twice as long as the upper one, strongly projecting.

Halteres dull reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a f seta; mid-femur with a rather strong a seta

towards middle (9, mid-legs of type missing), without an a preapical, but with

_apand fd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with a pd (almost d)

preapical, an ad row and in female 2 av setae near apex, in male with an av row,

that consists of short setae on basal half and of 4 rather long ones on apical half;

hind tibia with a d preapical, an ad at middle and an av slightly beyond middle.

CAPE PROVINCE: Doorn River Falls, xi.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 3 type;

Bloukrans, nr. Calvinia, x.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 2 paratype. N. NIGERIA:

Azare, x.28 (LI. Lloyd), x 9.

In the specimen from N. Nigeria the abdomen is pale ferruginous in ground-

colour with large irregular piceous spots. This female is greasy all over and

in very poor condition, and it is possible that it belongs to a different subspecies,

or even species,

[Spilogona lispoides sp. n. 9]

Length, 4:2-4:4 mm.; of wings, 3°5-4:2 mm.

Fuscous with very thin dark brown and dense whitish-grey dust. Cerebrale,

interfrontalia and the orbits on the upper half of the temples dull fuscous-brown,

450 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

frontal triangle more densely brown dusted. Mesonotum and scutellum shining

fuscous-black, with the front margin, humeral callosities, notopleurae, and

about half the area between wing-base and sa pale dusted, in addition a

grey-dusted spot from the scutellar suture to a point between the last de and

the posterior postalar. Abdomen shining fuscous-black with an inconspicuous

narrow median vitta, which fades out on basal half of fourth segment, and a

triangular pointed extension of the ventral pale-dusted area near base and

parallel but not contiguous with fore margin of each segment; on the fourth

segment this triangular extension is broader laterally and somewhat rounded

at apex, so that its postero-interior margin is almost parallel with the median

line, and so that the remaining black pattern is T-shaped, if the short pale-dusted

median vitta is disregarded. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the femora

rather thickly grey dusted.

Head only a tenth higher than long at vibrissal angle, which projects con-

siderably, the head being much longer and markedly more projecting there

than at lunula; occipital profile rather strongly convex, the lower part

of the occiput being strongly upholstered; frontal profile straight except at

vertex; facial profile strongly concave; peristomal profile almost straight

in posterior three-quarters, moderately raised in anterior quarter, vibrissae

at mouth-margin and well below level of lower extremity of eyes. Frons

two-fifths head-width at vertex, nearly one-half head-width at lunula, the

sides straight; apex of frontal triangle extended to lunula by some brown

dust; interfrontalia 4-6 times as wide at middle as.a parafrontale; the latter

with 2 pairs of inclinate and 1 pair of reclinate (and outwardly bent) setae, in

addition with rather numerous black setulae. Inner verticals and ocellars long

and strong, outer verticals rather short. Face slightly narrowed from lunula

to level of arista and gradually somewhat dilated with the sides almost straight

from arista to lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia hardly more than half as

wide, jowls more than half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter

two and a half times as long as wide and falling short of mouth-margin by less

than its own width; arista short-haired, the hairs longest on second and third

fourths, where some of them are distinctly longer than the basal diameter of

the arista. Palpi slightly spoon-shaped, the apex being gradually somewhat

dilated and flattened.

Thorax with 2 rows of fine acy setulae, which are less widely separated from

each other than from the dc, prsc indistinct, 2+-3 dc, the anterior frst one small, 2

distinct but not very strong post 1a; pra absent; second pl considerably shorter

than first, the other dorsal setae of normal development; disc of scutellum with

moderately numerous fine hairs. Propleural not very strong, prostigmatal weak,

anterior and lower stp/ moderately long but rather thin, posterior stf/ strong.

Abdomen ovate with pointed apex; each segment with a marginal row of

considerably longer hairs and a few longer discal hairs at sides.

MUSCIDAE 451

_ Wings greyish subhyaline, strongly iridescent; 7, not quite reaching level

of v-m, the latter almost at three-fifths of discal cell; 74,; and m straight

near apex, where they converge in a scarcely noticeable way. Calyptrae

‘greyish subhyaline with whitish border and fringe, the lower one a quarter

longer than the upper’ one and considerably projecting. Halteres dull

reddish-yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a fp seta; mid-femur with a row of a setae, which

almost reaches middle, and a strong f preapical; hind femur with an ad row,

a pd (almost d) preapical, and a strong av preapical, hind tibia with an ad seta

slightly beyond middle, an av very slightly more distad, and a d preapical.

NATAL: Weenen, x.29 (H. P. Thomasset), 9 type. NYyASALAND: Zomba, 1913

(H. S. Stannus), 9 paratype and fragment (on one pin).

Spilogona dichoptica sp. n. Jd

Length, 4:2 mm.; of wings, 4-3 mm.

Fuscous, with rather thin greyish-brown and pale grey dust. Parafrontalia

and face dull golden-grey dusted with shifting blackish reflections. Humeral

callosities, notopleurae and pleurae pale grey dusted, the pollinosity not very

thick, however. Abdomen almost uniformly thinly greyish-brown dusted and

shining on dorsal surface, the ventral surface somewhat greyish dusted.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous,

the latter brownish translucent, the

trochanters and the apex of the

coxae brownish testaceous; femora

and tibiae very slightly greyish

dusted.

Head half as high again as long,

occipital profile rather strongly and

almost evenly convex; frontal profile

slightly and evenly convex; facial

profile straight and even slightly

convex at and below middle, as the

very large eyes form part of the

outline, somewhat concave only

above vibrissal angles, which project

moderately; peristomal _ profile Fic. 35.—Spilogona dichoptica sp. n., 3.

: Anterior view of head.

mm.

broadly rounded. Frons almost a

third head width at vertex, slightly wider at lunula, the sides straight (Fig.35) ;

frontal triangle rather shining, almost reaching lunula; interfrontalia 5-6 times

as wide as a parafrontale; the latter with 4—5 inclinate and 2 (slightly) reclinate

and outwardly bent setae, in addition with a row of a few proclinate setulae.

452 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Outer verticals small, inner verticals strong, ocellars rather strong. Face con-

spicuously narrowed to about lower third, the parafacialia linear at and below

middle ; jowls not much more than half as wide as third antennal segment. The

latter more than thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by some-

what less than its own width; arista short-haired, the’longest hairs almost twice

as long as basal diameter, the hairs becoming gradually shorter near apex.

Thorax with 4 rows of acy in front of suture and 6-8 behind, the outer frst.

acy separated from the dc by a rather broad bare strip; frsc small and fine;

2+3 dc, the anterior 4 only moderately strong; the 2 fost za not very strong;

pra absent, second nfl conspicuously smaller than first; the remaining dorsal

setae developed normally; disc of scutellum with moderately numerous hairs.

Propleural and anterior and lower stf/ moderately strong, prostigmatal weaker,

posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen sub-ovate to subconical, the apex truncate with the hypopygium

just showing in dorsal view and obliquely truncate and hardly projecting in

lateral view. Third and fourth segments each with 3 pairs of rather strong

marginals, which form a complete row on the fourth segment, second segment

with about 3 weaker marginals, each segment in addition with 1-2 weak

lateral discals.

Wings subhyaline, strongly iridescent; 7, somewhat exceeding level of r—m,

the latter just before middle of discal cell; 7,,; and m conspicuously converging

at apex, 74;; being gradually curved backwards with the apex straight, and m

quite conspicuously (though not strongly), upcurved, with the apex slightly

sinuous. Calyptrae greyish subhyaline with yellowish border and _ fringe.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur at base with a pv seta, which

is as long as the greatest diameter of the femur, and with a # and fd preapical,

mid-tibia with a # seta at middle; hind femur with an ad row, 2 av preapicals,

the more distal one of which is strong, and a fd (almost d) preapical, hind

tibia with an ad at middle, an av at three-fifths, and a d preapical.

Ucanpa: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

Spilogona obliquesignata Sp. Dsig.2

Length, 4:1-5:9 mm.; of wings, 4:3-5'4 mm.

Fuscous with dark brown and rather dense whitish-grey dust, the latter in

many places with bluish or purplish tinge. Cerebrale, upper half of posterior -

eye-margin and frons, except for the anterior part of the parafrontalia, dark-

brown dusted; interfrontalia dull black, frontal triangle brown dusted. Humeral

callosity, notopleura, an oblique streak along the anterior margin of the post-

alar callosity from scutellar suture to anterior postalar, and the pleurae, except

for the parts adjacent to the wing-base, densely pale-grey dusted, metanotum

MUSCIDAE 453

largely pale-grey dusted. Abdomen dark-brown dusted with the exception of

a narrow pale-dusted median vitta, which may be interrupted at the incisures,

and of a tongue-shaped extension of the pale ventral pollinosity, the anterior

margin of which runs parallel, and in male almost or fully coincides, with the

fore-margin of each segment. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, femora and

tibiae rather densely dusted.

Head (Vig. 36) of male almost or

fully one-half, of female two-fifths,

higher than long; occipital profile

moderately convex with the upper

third almost straight; frontal profile

almost straight or the upper half very

slightly convex; facial profile strongly

concave, especially below, as_ the

vibrissal angles are considerably

produced, peristomal profile almost

straight in posterior two-thirds, strongly

raised in anterior third, the vibrissae

lying at mouth-margin and well below

the level of the lower extremity of the

eyes. Frons of male almost a fifth to

almost a fourth head-width at vertex,

slightly less at middle and slightly more

at lunula; frons of female two-fifths

head-width at vertex, somewhat more

towards lunula, the sides straight in female; frontal triangle (2) passing

middle; interfrontalia of male 3-4 times, of female just over twice, the width

of a parafrontale; the latter in male with about 9 fine inclinate setae; the

alternating ones of them more or less. reduced to setulae, in female with about

6 fine and alternatingly small inclinate and 2 fine reclinate setae, the posterior

of the latter small, the female in addition with rather numerous small proclinate

setulae. Outer verticals indistinct, inner verticals and ocellars rather long,

though the former in male very thin. Face of male strongly, of female rather

strongly, dilated to lower extremity of eyes, with almost straight sides;

parafacialia of male somewhat, of female hardly, narrower than, jowls twice

as wide as, third antennal segment. The latter two and a half times as

long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its own

width; arista appearing bare, the longest hairs less than half as long as its

basal diameter.

Thorax with about 4 rows of very fine acy hairs in front of, and with 5-6

rows behind, suture, frsc very fine, the prst acy separated from the de by a

bare strip; 2+-4 dc; the 2 fost ia distinct but not very strong; pra absent; the

I, 6 (i)

Fic. 36.—Spilogona obliquesignata sp. n.,

Lateral view of head.

454 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

other dorsal setae developed normally; disc of scutellum with rather numerous

hairs. Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior stf/l moderately strong, lower stl

weak, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen of male oblong-ovate, of female ovate with pointed apex; in male

the apex truncate, the hypopygium hardly projecting. Hair rather long, the

setae therefore not very conspicuous, though they are long and quite well

developed, forming a marginal row on each segment and an incomplete discal row

on the lateral part of each segment, the setae less distinct on the first segment.

Wings subhyaline, very slightly smoky; 7, reaching or slightly exceeding

(3) level of vm, the latter at or almost at three-fifths of discal cell; 74.; and m

slightly converging to apex, although m is practically straight, 7,,, being

gradually somewhat curved backwards in the last third of its apical section.

Calyptrae greyish subhyaline with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale

yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a # seta; mid-femur with a row of rather short a

setae on basal half, a # and fd preapical and, in male, some rather long av hairs

near base and 4-6 fine and somewhat unequal fv setae on basal two-fifths,

mid-tibia with a p seta shortly beyond middle; hind femur with a conspicuous

ad row and a pd (almost d) preapical, in addition in female with 2~3 av near

apex, in male with a rather dense av row of setae, which in the apical two-thirds

are mostly as long as the greatest diameter of the femur, and with a row of

similar pu setae on basal two-fifths and some fine # setae near base, hind tibia

with an ad and av seta beyond middle and a d preapical.

Kenya: Swam River, Mt. Elgon, 5000 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type, 3 3, 3 2

paratypes; Ruiru Falls, Aberdares, 7000 ft., 21.x.34 (F.W.E.), I 3g, I & para-

types. UGANDA: Mbarara, 15.xi.34 (f.W.E.), I g paratype; Imatong Mts.,

c. 6000 ft., 11.36, from rocks by stream (D. R. Buxton), 1 3.

The-male from the Ruiru Falls has the head almost three-fifths higher than

long and the calyptrae rather smoky, and both male and female have the

border and fringe of the calyptrae brown. In the Imatong male the frons is

wider (almost a third head-width at vertex) and the hind femur has the chaeto-

taxy of the female. This is perhaps an intersex rather than a different species

or subspecies.

Spilogona semiargentata semiargentata Villen.

1916, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 85: 148.

Ucanpba: Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3; seen from Bwamba

Valley, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 1 2. Seen from: SUDAN: Nagichot,

31.11.46 (D. J. Lewis), 1 9. Typical locality: Ruwenzori.

The female has not been described. It differs, if the specimen at hand is

true to type, by the dark-brown frons with silver-grey upper two-fifths of the

MUSCIDAE 455

parafrontalia (whilst the frons of the male is wholly silver-white), by 3 large

somewhat oblong dark-brown frst spots, the median one just touching suture

on median line (absent in male), and by the broadly fused post spots.

lmm

Vic. 37.—Spilogona semiargentata latifascia ssp. n., 2. Dorsal view of head and

thorax.

[Spilogona semiargentata latifascia ssp. n. (Fig. 37)]

In addition to the coloration this subspecies differs from the type by a

slight difference in the prsc, which are less strong and slightly more posterior

in position, so that they are level with the last dc. The frons of the female is

wholly dark brown; the prst spots are more extended and reach suture on a

broad line, being separated from each other by only a narrow vitta of pale-grey

dust over the dc (Fig..37); the post band also more extended, its front margin

being formed by suture, its hind margin passing through the pores of the last

456 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

de and forming a subtriangular median projection towards or to base of scutel-

lum; abdominal segments 2-4 each with a triangular median spot at base,

which does not reach hind margin on segment 2 but reaches it conspicuously

on segment 4, segments 2 and 3 in addition with a pair of broad bands, which

diverge slightly from base towards hind angles and are bent outwards along

hind margin, taking up about the posterior half of the segment laterally. Tarsi

piceous, legs otherwise wholly testaceous.

S. RuopesiA: Vumba Mts., Umtali District, 11.37 (Drysdale), 2 type, v.38

(A. Cuthbertson), 1 2 paratype (the latter to be returned to the Chief Entomo-

logist, S. Rhodesia) 111.35, I 9 paratype (in coll. F. Snyder).

Spilogona semifasciata sp. n. 32

Length, 5°5-5°7 mm.; of wings, 5*3-5°5 mm.

Fuscous-black with translucent testaceous anterior abdominal segments,

densely grey dusted with parafrontalia and face silver-dusted with blackish

reflections and dorsum of body more cinereous dusted. Interfrontalia dull black

with some white dust, which in some views becomes very conspicuous, and the

frontal triangle (2) grey dusted; cerebrale blackish on ventral half. Mesonotum

(Fig. 38) with (type) or without (paratypes) a narrow brown-dusted median

vitta, and in male with a broad, more or less disintegrated, vitta over the dc

and prst and sa, both vittae extending from the level of the anterior prst dc to

that of the second post dc; in the male paratype the frst part of the outer vitta

has disappeared but for a dot at the base of the second rst dc, and the pattern

thus consists of a pair of transverse post spots, which may also be described as

a broadly interrupted fost band; on the female paratype vestiges only of the

vittae are visible at the base of the second frst dc, anterior 2 post de and the sa.

Abdomen with a pair of suffused dark-brown spots on the second and especially

third segment and a median vitta on the fourth. Antennae and palpi fuscous

with whitish-grey dust, femora piceous with the apex and sometimes the base

somewhat testaceous translucent, tibiae testaceous, tarsi fuscous.

Head three-fifths (g) or half (2) as high again as long at lunula, nine-tenths

(3) or seven-tenths (2) as high again as long at bottom of facial concavity;

occipital profile moderately, and in female evenly, convex, in male almost

straight in dorsal half; frontal profile in male moderately and evenly convex,

in female straight except in front and behind; facial profile moderately concave,

the vibrissal angles somewhat projecting but less than the anterior extremity

of the frons; peristomal profile strongly convex in posterior half, almost straight

but strongly ascending in anterior half; vibrissae at mouth-margin and slightly

above level of lower eye-margins. Frons (Fig. 38) of male above middle not

or slightly more than a seventh head-width, hardly dilated to vertex, but

almost twice as wide at lunula; in female a third head-width at vertex and more

MUSCIDAE 457

than two-fifths head-width at lunula; frontal triangle (9) reaching anterior

third; interfrontalia in male as wide or twice as wide, in female almost four

times as wide, at middle as a parafrontale; the latter with 4—5 strong inclinate

lmm.

A:S

Fic. 38.—Spilogona semifasciata sp. n., g. Dorsal view of head and thorax.

fo Pp 3

(the upper ones more or less reclinate) setae in male and 2 strong inclinate and

2 reclinate (the anterior one strong, the posterior moderately strong) setae in

female. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals weak in male; ocellars and inner

verticals very strong, outer verticals moderately strong in female. Face rather

458 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

strongly ($) or moderately () dilated to lower extremity of eyes, with almost

straight sides; parafacialia two-thirds to fully as wide, jowls half as wide again,

as third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose up to tip,

the longest rays being more than half as long again as the diameter of the third

antennal segment.

Thorax (Fig. 38) with 2 closely adjacent irregular rows of prst acy in male,

in female with more numerous acy even in front of suture, prsc rather fine in

male, somewhat stronger in female; 2+3 dc, which are strong except for the

first, which is less than half as long as, and very close to, the second, the latter

lying at middle of prst part; 2 well-developed fost 1a, the second considerably

longer; pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally; scutellar hairs

confined to disc and base, not very numerous. Propleural, prostigmatal and

anterior stpl moderately strong, lower stfl not very strong, especially in male,

posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen subconical with rounded-truncate apex (3) or triangular-subovate

with narrowly truncate apex (2). Hypopygium of male slightly prominent on

apical surface; fourth ventrite large and broad, rather convex and therefore

somewhat projecting in lateral view, the apex broadly and not very deeply

excised, the excision broadly concave, the resulting lobes short and broadly

rounded. First segment with some weak, second to fourth (¢) with some strong,

marginals, which form a complete row on the third and fourth segments, the

marginals of the fourth weak in female, third and fourth segments also with

some strong discals, which on the fourth form a complete transverse row, whilst

on the third they are confined to the lateral part in female and become much

weaker to middle in male.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge. 7, exceeding level of rm

(only slightly in female), the latter at three-fifths of discal cell; 74,, and m

slightly diverging up to apex, even though they diverge only just noticeably

shortly before apex, m almost straight, hardly appreciably curved backwards.

Calyptrae whitish subopaque with whitish border and fringe. Halteres

yellowish white.

Legs: fore tibia with a p submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of short a

setae in basal half, which terminates in a somewhat stronger seta at middle,

2-4 pv setae in basal half and a # and fd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 rather

strong p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a pd (almost d) preapical, a row

of longer pu setulae and 3 av preapicals, the most distal one of which

is the strongest, hind tibia with 2 ad and 2(-3) av and a d and ad pre-

apical, the ad much shorter than the d, but distinctly longer than the tibial

diameter.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.35 (F.W.E.), g type, I ¢ paratype;

Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley, 6400 ft. (.W.E.), I 2 paratype.

MUSCIDAE 459

The strong anterior reclinate seta makes the female of this and the following

species rather similar to the Coenosiine genus Pectiniseta. However, the absence

of pd setae from the hind tibiae proves that it cannot belong to that genus.

[Spilogona pectinisetodes sp. n. 9]

Length, 5 mm.; of wings, 4:5 mm.

Fuscous-black, densely pale-grey dusted, with the basal two abdominal

segments largely testaceous translucent. Interfrontalia dull black, rather

conspicuously whitish-grey dusted. Mesonotum with a narrow incomplete vitta

over the dc (in type distinct between the anterior 2 post dc only). Second

abdominal segment infuscate on disc, second and third each with a pair of

round dark-brown spots, which are broadly separated from front margin and

less broadly from hind margin; second to fourth segments with brown dots at

the base of the setae. Third antennal segment wholly pale reddish yellow, rest

of antennae, palpi, coxae, femora, except for the testaceous tip, fuscous brown,

tarsi piceous, trochanters and tibiae testaceous.

Head half as high again as long at lunula; occipital profile moderately

convex, frontal profile rather strongly and evenly convex, facial profile straight

and markedly receding in upper part, concave in lower part, the vibrissal angle

moderately prominent, less so than anterior extremity of frons, peristomal

profile moderately and almost evenly convex; vibrissae at mouth-margin, well

above lower extremity of eyes; the latter with sparse and short hairs. Frons

almost a third head-width at vertex, more than two-fifths head-width at lunula;

frontal triangle just reaching lunula; interfrontalia less than thrice as wide as

a parafrontale near middle, the latter with 2 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate

setae, the anterior reclinate strong, the posterior one much smaller. Ocellars

and inner verticals very strong, outer verticals not very strong. Face somewhat

dilated with the sides of frons and face forming an almost straight line; para-

facialia fully as wide, jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The

latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more

than half its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest rays being almost

twice as long as the diameter of the third antennal segment.

Thorax before suture with 2, behind suture with 4, rows of acy hairs, prsc

_ not very strong but very distinct; 1-+-3 very strong de and a small one, which

is only about a third its length, closely in front of the frst one, the latter at

middle of prst part; two well-developed post ta, the second considerably longer;

pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally; scutellum with moder-

ately numerous hairs, which are confined to disc. Propleural, prostigmatal,

anterior and lower stf/ moderately strong, posterior s¢f/ very strong.

Abdomen short-ovate with obtusely pointed apex; second segment with 2

rather indistinct lateral discals and 3 lateral marginals, third and fourth each

400 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with a complete transverse row of discals and marginals, on the third the discals

somewhat, on the fourth the marginals much, less developed.

Wings greyish subhyaline. 7, reaching level of 7-m, the latter beyond

middle of discal cell; 7,;, and m diverging to apex, 74;; being very slightly and

gradually curved backwards at middle of its apical section, and the last section

of m being straight. Calyptrae whitish subopaque with whitish border and

fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of short a

setae, which ends in a stronger one at middle, with a rather strong p and pd

preapical, and with 3 rather small fv setae near base, mid-tibia with 2 rather

strong / setae; hind femur with an ad row, a pd (almost d) preapical and 2 av

preapicals, the distal one of which is very strong; hind tibia with 2 ad, 2 av,

ad and an ad preapical, the ad one only slightly longer than the tibial diameter.

S. NIGERIA: Ibadan, vii—xi.25 (f°. D. Golding), 2 type. This is perhaps only

a subspecies of semifasciata. .

Spilogona quasifasciata sp. n. ¢ 2

Length, 5-4—5°9 mm.; of wings, 5*3-5°7 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense pale-grey dust, which in the male shows

blackish reflections in certain views. Interfrontalia dull black, frontal triangle

(2) whitish-grey dusted. Mesonotum with a narrow brown median vitta and

in male a broad, in female a narrow, vitta over the dc; in female this pattern

tends to disappear, whilst in male the outer vittae extend beyond the prst and

sa and are fused on median line from suture to almost or fully second fost dc,

the transverse vitta thus formed being sometimes a little less dark inwards of

the dc; basal half or somewhat less of scutellum brown dusted in male except

at sides; mesopleura of male largely brown dusted, the pleurae otherwise more

thinly dusted and with large shifting blackish spots, which are much less

developed in female. Abdomen with a pair of roundish spots which are broadly

separated from fore, but rather narrowly from hind, margin on the second and

third segments; in male, in addition, the basal half and most of the median

third of the first segment and a narrow median vitta on the fourth brown

dusted. Antennae, palpi and legs, except for the tips of the femora and for the

tibiae, piceous.

Head one-half to two-thirds ($) or two-fifths to almost one-half (2) higher

than long; occipital profile straight or almost straight in upper third, slightly (3)

or moderately (2) convex below; frontal profile moderately and evenly convex;

facial profile somewhat receding, moderately concave, the vibrissal angles

somewhat produced but less projecting than anterior extremity of frons,

especially in male; peristomal profile straight or moderately convex in posterior,

strongly ascending and almost straight in anterior half; vibrissae at mouth-

margin and somewhat above level of lower eye-margin. Frons of male one-fifth

MUSCIDAE 401

to one-sixth head-width above middle, slightly dilated to vertex but rather

strongly to lunula, where it is about a third head-width; frons of female one-

fourth to one-third head-width at vertex, almost two-fifths head-width at

lunula, sides straight; frontal triangle (?) reaching anterior third; interfrontalia

2 (3)-3 (2) times as wide at middle as a parafrontale; the latter in male with

5-6 strong inclinate and partly somewhat reclinate setae and 1-2 setulae in

front of ocelli, in female with 3 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the

anterior of the latter being the smaller one. Inner and outer verticals of male

small or indistinct, ocellars moderately long; inner verticals and especially

ocellars of female very strong; outer verticals short. Face of male strongly

dilated with more or less convex sides, the eyes being slightly but broadly

emarginate; face of female not much dilated with the sides of frons and face

forming a virtually straight line; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls half as wide

again, as third antennal segment. The latter two and a half times as long as

wide and falling short of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-

plumose up to tip, the longest rays two to two and a half times as long as the

diameter of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 4-5 rows of prst acr over the whole width between the dc and

with about 6 rows of post acr, prsc well developed though not very strong;

I+3 very strong dc, the prst one at middle of prst part, and a much smaller

one, which is less than half its length, between it and anterior declivity ; anterior

post ia absent or very small, posterior one moderately strong; pra absent, the

other dorsal setae developed normally; scutellum with moderately numerous

hairs on the whole of its dorsal surface. Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior

stpl rather strong, posterior stfl very strong, lower one weak, in male twice, in

female one and a half times as distant from anterior as from posterior s/Pl.

Abdomen subconical-ovate in male, subovate in female. Hypopygium of

male slightly projecting in lateral view from the obliquely truncate apex of the

abdomen; fourth ventrite semicircularly excised, the two lobes truncate on

exterior part of apical margin, but the interior third of the apical margin pro-

duced as a short shiny lobe. Second segment with some lateral marginals, third

with some weak lateral discals and a row of strong marginals; fourth with a row

of strong discals and less strong (in female rather weak) marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, strongly iridescent. 7, reaching

level of ym, the latter at or beyond (in female before) three-fifths of discal cell ;

445 and m diverging to apex, 7,;; being gradually and slightly curved backwards

with the tip straightened out, and m being very slightly and gradually curved

backwards. Calyptrae subhyaline, in male somewhat yellowish smoky with

testaceous border and fringe, in female with yellowish-white border and fringe.

Halteres pale yellowish.

Legs. fore tibia with a p seta, which is rather weak in male; mid-femur with

a row of small a setae on less than basal half, ending in a somewhat stronger

462 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

one, with a p and fd preapical, and with 3 pv near base, mid-tibia with 2 strong

p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a pd (almost d) preapical, 1-2 small pv

towards middle and 3-4 av near apex, the last of them rather strong, hind

tibia with 2 ad, 2-3 av, a d and ad preapical, the ad preapical rather weak, but

in most cases much longer than tibial diameter.

UcanpaA: Lira, 1.38, 3 type, 3 g, I Q paratypes; Ruwenzori, Kilembe,

4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2 paratype.

[Spilogona biguttata sp. n. SQ]

Length, 4:0-4:8 mm. ; of wings, 4:I-4:4 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately dense grey dust, which on the dorsal surface

has a cinereous tinge, and with a brown-dusted pattern. Interfrontalia dull

black; parafacialia (3) with a spot of blackish reflections at the base of the

antennae. Mesonotum with a narrow median vitta from neck to level of second

post dc, this vitta somewhat suffused and broadened at and behind suture; in

addition with a triangular prst spot from the ph and frst to near the line of the

dc, and with a large post spot, which forms the lateral part of a post band that is

interrupted between the median vitta and a line just inwards (Congo specimen)

or just outwards of the dc; scutellum with a subtriangular basal suffusion,

which almost reaches middle of disc; abdomen with the base of the first segment

blackish, second segment with a pair of elongate, black, brown-dusted spots,

which do not reach hind or front margin; third segment unspotted, fourth with

a narrow and not very conspicuous brown median vitta. Antennae, palpi and

legs fuscous-black.

Head almost or fully (Congo specimen) three-fifths higher than long; occipital

profile straight in upper half, slightly convex in lower half; frontal profile

moderately convex, facial profile rather straight and markedly receding in

upper two-thirds, very gradually and slightly produced in lower third and

therefore only slightly concave; vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below level of

lower eye-margins; peristomal profile moderately raised and rather straight in

anterior half, strongly convex at middle and rather ascending behind. Frons

about one-sixth to one-seventh head-width at narrowest point, fully twice as

wide at lunula, but only slightly dilated to vertex; interfrontalia 2-3 times as

wide above middle as a parafrontale; the latter with 4-6 strong inclinate setae

and without or with a few finer ones between the strong ones. Ocellars and

inner verticals fine, outer verticals indistinct. Face strongly dilated to lower

extremity of eyes, the sides straight except at the spot of dark reflections near

antennal base, where the eyes are broadly and shallowly emarginate; para-

facialia about as wide at this place as third antennal segment, but not much

more than half as wide in lower half; jowls half as wide again as third antennal

segment. The latter two and a half to three times as long as wide, falling short

MUSCIDAE 463

of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose up to tip, the

longest rays about two and a half times as long as the diameter of the third

antennal segment (but less than two times in the Congo paratype).

Thorax with an irregular row of sparse acy along each side of median line

and another along inner side of dec and with about 6 rows behind suture; prsc

fine; I+-3 strong dc, in addition a small anterior frst dc present close to the

strong one and less than half as long as it, the strong one lying somewhat in

front of middle of prst part; only the posterior fost 7a present, rather strong

(but in the Congo specimen the anterior one also well developed) ; pra absent ;

the other dorsal setae developed normally; disc of scutellum with rather

numerous hairs. Propleural and lower stf/ moderately strong, prostigmatal and

anterior stl rather strong, posterior stfl very strong.

Abdomen subconical with rounded-truncate apex; hypopygium hardly

prominent in lateral view; fourth ventrite with a deep subtriangular excision

with rounded apex, the lobes rather broadly rounded. First segment with a

row of short and weak marginals, second to fourth each with a complete row

of more or less strong marginals and discals, the discal row of the second

segment, however, indistinct.

Wings subhyaline with a slight ochreous-brown tinge. 7, slightly exceeding

level of v-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell. 7,,; and m distinctly

diverging at apex, 7,;, being rather considerably curved backwards, but

straightening out at apex, and m being slightly and very gradually but quite

noticeably curved backwards. Calyptrae subhyaline whitish-yellow with

concolorous margin and fringe. Halteres pale ochreous-yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of short

a setae in basal half, which ends in 1-2 stronger ones at middle, with a # and

pd preapical and with 3-4 fv in basal third, mid-tibia with 2 / setae; hind femur

with an ad row, a pd (almost d) preapical, 2-3 small av near base, 3 strong av

near apex, and 3-4 pu near base, which become larger from the most proximal

to the most distal one, hind tibia with 2 ad, 2 av and with a strong d preapical

and a slightly shorter ad preapical, which is, however, markedly longer than

the tibial diameter.

SIERRA LEONE: Nijala, 19.ix.32 (E. Hargreaves), 5 type; I.x.32, I g paratype.

BELGIAN ConGco: Kafubu Mission, Katanga, ix.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 3

paratype. Liperta: Robertsport 18.x.42 and 6.x11.43 (f°. Suyder), 2 3 paratypes,

Iii. and 7.xii.43, 2 9 paratypes. In the female the thorax pattern is indistinct,

and only 1 reclinate orbital is present. Liberian specimens have sometimes only

t av on the hind tibia.

[Spilogona gracilicornis sp. n. 3]

Length, 6-0 mm.; of wings, 5:2 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense whitish-grey dust and a brown-dusted

404 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with whitish reflections. Face silver-grey

dusted. Mesonotum with a narrow brown-dusted median vitta, which is dilated

towards second post dc (almost reached by its lateral extensions) and suddenly

reduced to its anterior width at these setae, then quickly tapering and inter-

rupted at level of last dc, but indistinctly continued on caudal extremity of

mesonotum and base of scutellum; sublateral vittae rather indefinite at ph

and prst, but conspicuous between suture and sa, not much extending mediad

beyond a straight line imagined through prst and hind za. Abdomen with

a pair of elongate-triangular spots on second and third segments and an

incomplete median vitta on fourth, the stronger setae lying on brown dots.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, third antennal segment with grey pile, knees

narrowly pale ferruginous, posterior tibiae somewhat brown translucent.

Head three-fiiths higher than long, occipital profile slightly convex, frontal

profile very slightly convex in upper but straight in lower half, facial profile

very slightly convex in upper and very slightly concave in lower half, markedly

receding, and only slightly produced at vibrissal angles, peristomal profile

moderately convex in posterior half, moderately raised and almost straight

anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-margin, very slightly below level of lower eye-

margins. Frons one-fifth head-width at middle, almost one-fourth at vertex,

and almost three-tenths at lunula; interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide at middle

as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 very strong inclinate and 1-2 fine setae

between them, the hindmost strong pair stronger than the second strong pair.

Ocellars weaker than the second pair of inclinate setae, inner verticals very

strong, outer ones small. Face moderately dilated with virtually straight sides

to lower margin of eyes; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls twice as wide, as

third antennal segment. The latter four and a half times as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by fully its own width; arista long, the rays gradually

becoming shorter from middle to apex, the longest rays half as long again as

width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 4-5 irregular rows before and 6-8 behind suture,

prsc absent, 1+3 very strong dc, the prst one at middle of prst part; only the

posterior post 1a present, moderately strong; pra absent; the other dorsal setae

developed normally; disc of scutellum with rather numerous hairs. Propleural

and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower stfl strong, posterior

stpl very strong, in addition a rather weak auxiliary (anterior lower) stpl

present.

Abdomen elongate-subconical, hardly flattened, the apex rounded-truncate,

hypopygium slightly, fourth ventrite strongly, prominent, the latter strongly

raised with the lobes and the base of the broad semi-elliptical excision almost

vertically erect, the lobes broad with broadly truncate apical margin and a row

of moderately dense, rather short inclinate setulae along the border of the

excision. First and second segments with 1-3 lateral marginals, one of them

MUSCIDAE 405

strong, second, in addition, with a lateral discal, third with three lateral discals

and a row of strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and strong

marginals, fifth with numerous erect long bristly hairs.

Wings subhyaline, strongly iridescent, with a slight brownish tinge; 7,

virtually reaching level of r-m, the latter almost at three-fifths of discal cell;

¥4+5, and m hardly noticeably diverging towards, and somewhat more at the

extreme, tip, the apex of 7,,, being slightly upcurved. Calyptrae subopaque,

whitish with concolorous border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta; mid-femur with 2-3 short a setae near middle,

a complete row of pv setae, consisting of about 7 setae, the alternate ones small,

and a strong # and fd preapical, but without an a preapical, mid-tibia with

2 strong p setae; hind femur with an ad and av row, the latter consisting of very

long setae, 3 of which are distributed over basal and 5 over apical half, a small

and a moderately strong pv at about three-fifths, a comb of fine pv setulae

from there to apex, and a fd (almost d) preapical, hind tibia with 2 strong and

very long ad, 3 not very strong but very long av, some erect setulose av hairs

between them, a row of very long, erect # setulae on third and fourth fifths, about

6 of them being thrice as long as tibial diameter, whilst a few preceding and

following them are considerably shorter, and with a strong d and ad preapical.

CAMEROONS: Bamenda District, Station 4800 ft., 19.xi.37 (Jeffreys), 3 type.

[Spilogona gilvicornis sp. n. 9]

Length, 5:0 mm.; of wings, 4:6 mm.

Fuscous-black with dense pale-grey dust. Interfrontalia presumably dull

black (type somewhat teneral), frontal triangle densely whitish-grey dusted.

Mesonotum with 3 narrow brown vittae, a median one over the acr, and the

subdorsal ones along the dc and suffusedly dilated towards the line of the za

behind suture; base of scutellum with slight brown pollinosity. Second and

third abdominal segments each with a pair of subtriangular brown spots, which

do not reach anterior or posterior margin, and a narrow median vitta, which

is confined to anterior two-thirds, fourth with a complete median vitta; in

addition all segments with brown dots at the base of the setae. Palpi, mentum

and legs piceous but for the testaceous tips of the femora and for the tibiae.

Head (of type shrunken) presumably shaped as in pectinisetodes; vibrissae

at mouth-margin, well above level of lower eye-margins. Frons a third head-

width at vertex; frontal triangle reaching anterior third, interfrontalia 3-4

times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 strong inclinate

and a rather weak anterior and a moderately strong posterior reclinate seta,

in addition with some black setulae (which are more numerous here than in

the preceding species). Ocellars strong, inner verticals very strong, outer

verticals moderately strong. Face moderately dilated with almost straight sides.

460 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Parafacialia about as wide, jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment.

The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by almost

its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest rays twice as long as

width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with 4 irregular rows of prst acr, the outer ones rather close to the

dc, the inner ones rather close together, post acy in 6-8 irregular rows, prsc fine

but quite long; 1+3 very strong dc, the prst one at middle of frst part, a second

prst dc which is hardly half as long, half-way between the strong one and the

anterior declivity; anterior post 7a absent, posterior one moderately strong;

pra very small, the other dorsal setae developed normally; scutellum with

rather numerous hairs on dorsal surface. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower

stpl moderately strong, the latter more widely separated from the rather strong

anterior s¢// than from the very strong posterior one.

Abdomen short-ovate; second segment with some lateral marginals, third

with some lateral discals and a marginal row, fourth with a row of strong discals

and of less strong marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, strongly iridescent. 7,

almost reaching level of y-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and

m slightly diverging at tip, 74;, being gradually and slightly curved backwards

and m almost straight with the extreme apex almost unnoticeably bent up.

Calyptrae whitish subopaque with whitish border and fringe. Halteres

yellowish white.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of a

setae, which ends in a somewhat stronger one, on basal half, with 3 rather

long pu setae in basal two-fifths, and a strong # and fd preapical, mid-tibia

with 2 rather strong p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a pd (almost d) pre-

apical, 2 rather thin and long fv setae on basal third and 2-3 av preapicals,

the most distal one of which is strong, hind tibia with 2 ad and 2 av anda d

and ad preapical, the ad one being twice as long as the tibial diameter.

KeEnyA: Bwamba, iv.44 (van Someren), ° type.

[Spilogona subfasciata Emd.]

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14: 468-471,

fig. 2 (1948).

Spilogona fuscotriangulata sp. n. 3, ? 2

Length, 5°7 mm.; of wings, 5-3 mm.

Fuscous-black, Bree, fuscous-brown dusted. Interfrontalia dull fuscous-

black; parafrontalia with silver-white dust, head otherwise grey dusted with

blackish reflections, cerebrale fuscous. Lower part of pleurae, including pro-

pleura, somewhat greyish dusted; mesonotum with 3 slightly darker vittae

MUSCIDAE 407

over the de and acy, or rather with 4 indistinct: paler vittae between, and to

the outer sides of, the dec. Abdomen in posterior view densely pale-grey dusted

with the first segment fuscous-black but for a narrow median vitta and the

hind margin; the second and third segments each with a pair of fuscous-black

subtriangular longitudinal spots, which do not reach front (especially on third

segment) or hind margin; fourth segment with a faint suffused brownish vitta

on either side of the narrow pale median vitta, in dorsal view with fuscous dots

at the base of the setae and stronger hairs. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous,

tibiae piceous-brown.

Head two-thirds higher than long; occipital profile slightly concave in upper

half, somewhat convex in lower half; frontal profile rather strongly sloping and

quite straight except at extremities; facial profile slightly concave, the vibrissai

angles only slightly produced but reaching level of anterior extremity of frons;

vibrissae slightly above mouth-margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-

margins; peristomal profile almost straight but somewhat ascending towards

neck in posterior half, rather strongly convex and very strongly ascending to

vibrissal angles in anterior half. Eyes contiguous above middle; vertex almost

a sixth, anterior extremity of frons almost one-fourth head-width; interfrontalia

reduced to a short triangle above lunula; parafrontalia linear, except in front,

with 7 inclinate setae, which are confined to anterior half and of which only

3-4 are strong, and with a minute reclinate setula just in front of the anterior

ocellus. Ocellars almost half as long as frons, inner and outer verticals fine and

not very distinct. Face very strongly dilated to lower end of eyes with very

slightly convex sides, the inner margin of the eyes being very shallowly and

very broadly emarginate; parafacialia half as wide, jowls half as wide again,

as third antennal segment. The latter twice as long as wide and falling short

of mouth-margin by its own width; arista short-haired, the longest hairs (on

basal third of dorsal surface) about twice as long as its diameter.

Thorax with the acr in 4 irregular rows, the outer ones much stronger,

especially in front of suture, than the inner ones, prsc fine but distinct; 24-4

strong dc; both post za well developed; pra absent (?); the other dorsal setae

developed normally; scutellum with rather numerous hairs on dorsal surface,

Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior stp/ (the latter longer but thinner)

moderately strong, lower stf/ weak, posterior stp/ strong.

Abdomen subconical with truncate apex. Hypopygium of male not promi-

nent in lateral view; fourth ventrite with a semicircular excision, the lobes

short and rather broadly rounded. Hair long and strong, the second to fourth

segments each with a row of marginal setae, that of the second segment

becoming indistinct near median line; fourth segment with a row of strong, and

third of not very strong, discals.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, rather strongly iridescent. 7;

markedly exceeding level of ym, the latter at three-fifths of discal cell. 74.; and

408 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

m somewhat converging at apex, 74, very slightly and evenly curved backwards,

and m slightly upcurved in apical third of last section, the tip almost un-

noticeably sinuous. Calyptrae smoky subhyaline, with brownish border and

fringe. Halteres of type broken, of doubtful female pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian p seta; mid-femur with an a row of

setae, which become gradually shorter and disappear beyond middle, with a p

and fd preapical and, in male (mid-legs of female missing) with 4-5 pv setae

in basal two-fifths, mid-tibia with 1 rather small # seta beyond middle (on one

side a very small additional one slightly basad of it); hind femur with an ad

row, a fd (almost d) preapical, and 3 av on apical third, hind tibia with an ad

at middle, an av somewhat beyond it, and a d preapical.

Ucanpba: Mt. Muhavura, Kigezi District, 7000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 3 type.

NatTAaL: Drakensberg, National Park, 7000-8000 ft., 27.11.29 (Hugh Scott), 1 9.

The female is rather rubbed and has lost its head and mid-legs. It is densely

cinereous-dusted with 3 narrow brown vittae on the mesonotum and with the

abdominal pattern as in the male. Otherwise the characters appear to be

identical, though it would measure only 4 mm. including head.

[Spilogona coenosides Emd.]

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 14: 471-474,

fig. 3 (1948).

Spilogona spinipes Big. (Fig. 39)

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 11 3, 11 8.

Typical locality: CAPE [which seems rather questionable].

Thanks to the courtesy of Mr. J. E. Collin I have been able to study the

type of ““Lispa”’ spinipes Big. It has been badly eaten while loaned to Stein,

but the remains (head except mouth-parts, antennae and most of occiput; part

of the mesonotum showing the distinctive pattern of the posterior half, scutel-

lum; first and second abdominal segments, middle dorsal part of third; one

fore leg) show very clearly that it is the present species of Spilogona. Stein

had already recognised that it is a species of Limnophora in the wider sense,

but it is curious that he did not comment on its great dissimilarity from the

other Ethiopian species of Limnophora which he knew.

Gymnodia R.-D.

1863, Hist. nat. Dipt. II: 635.

This aggregate has as a rule been treated as a subgenus of Limnophora, and

the reasons for according generic rank to it have been stated on p. 379. Séguy

(1937, Gen. Ins. 205, Muscidae: 258) mentions obsignata Rond. and simulans

Stein as belonging to this group, presumably on the basis of misidentified

specimens, both species belonging to Limnophora.

MUSCIDAE

Dorsal view.

Spilogona spinipes Big., 3.

39.

Fic

II, 6 (h)

470 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF GYMNODIA

t (18) Mesonotum with Anthomyia-pattern (Fig. 40), i.e. two or three prst spots,

which are sometimes fused in one large spot, and a transverse post band;

if the dark prst spots are fused with the post band and the pale prst band

is therefore interrupted, it is always produced forward in one or a pair

of long triangular spots. Eyes with at most very short and sparse hairs.

Mid-tibiae without an av seta.

2 (3) Three post dc. acy in two rows,! 1-2 prst pairs rather strong. Mid-tibiae

with one p seta. 1-+1 well developed stp/. m rather evenly but strongly

up-curved. Jowls not quite as wide as the third antennal joint. pyst spots

fused, forming a large patch, which covers the humeri and in female

reaches, in male passes, the second prst de. 2°5-3°5 mm. . : [subtilis Stein]

) Four post dc.

3) Mid-tibiae with one p seta, which lies beyond middle. Parafacialia without

a distinct spot of blackish reflections at the insertion of the antennae, or, if

a slight spot is present, FR; at least three-fourths as wide at apex as at

widest point.

5 (10) The two rows of stronger (outer) prst acy less distant from each other than

from the dc; in addition, only very few pyst acy hairs are present, and

these are arranged in 1~2 irregular rows between the stronger ones.

6 (9) The prst spots fused, the hind margin often somewhat emarginate or at

most with a short and broadly triangular or rounded excision; the dark

scutellar spot not passing the basal suture of the scutellum. The hind

marginal bands of the second and third abdominal segments band-

shaped, even though they may be broadly interrupted at middle. Fore

tibiae without a p seta. m at most moderately upcurved and not or

slightly sigmoid at apex.

7 (8) m very slightly upcurved and not appreciably sigmoid at apex. The hind

marginal bands of the second and third abdominal segments uninterrupted

or only very narrowly interrupted in middle and fused with the small

paired paramedian spots of the anterior margin; abdominal segments

rt and 4 wholly fuscous on dorsal surface, though with more or less con-

spicuous pale dust and a pair of roundish or obliquely elongate fuscous

spots, 2 and 3 with a rather broad fuscous median vitta and hind marginal

band, the rest of these two segments translucent testaceous in male, the

central strip of the dark median vitta overlaid with a spindle-shaped

vitta of whitish dust, which usually does not reach the hind margin,

especially on the second segment é 0 gentilis R.-D.]

moderately upcurved and slightly sigmoid at apex: The hind marginal

bands of the second and third abdominal segments broadly interrupted

in middle by pale dust; the paramedian spots short and roundish, diverging

posteriorly and often fused into one bean-shaped or transverse-elliptical

spot, but not fused with the hind marginal bands 5 : tonitvut Wied.

9 (6) The prst spots fused only at neck, otherwise separated by an elongate tri-

angular excision; the dark scutellar spot almost always narrowly encroach-

ing upon mesonotum. The hind marginal bands of the second and third

abdominal segments dissolved into two subcircular or somewhat trans-

verse-elliptical spots; the paramedian spots elongate, passing middle of

the segments and parallel or almost parallel. Fore tibiae with a p seta.®

m strongly upcurved and sigmoid at apex . d versicoloy steiniana n. ssp.

ioe

—

1 acy in four rows, hairlike. Mid-tibiae with two p setae. The anterior stpl absent or

hairlike. m only slightly upcurved. Fore tarsi of male laterally compressed, yellowish

translucent: *(Gymmnodia?) flavitaysis Stein. This species was described from the Canary

Islands as having four post dc, but in 1913 Stein included it in his key to the Ethiopian

Limnophova among the species with three post dc.

* Fore tibiae without a p seta: versicoloy Stein (Madagascar). I have not seen Mada-

gascan specimens, and all the Gymnodia with versicolor-pattern and one pf on the mid-tibiae

from the African continent have a p seta on the fore tibiae. Therefore, unless Stein’s

specimen was an abnormal example, the continental form must be a distinct subspecies

or perhaps even species and should not simply be named versicolor Stein.

MUSCIDAE

10 (5) The two rows of stronger (outer) pyst acy as distant or more distant from

each other than from the dc, sometimes hardly stronger than the inner

acy, the latter in at least two regular, usually in 2-3 or 3-5 irregular rows.

II (12) prst spots broadly fused, only shallowly emarginate or narrowly, in °

sometimes even deeply, incised behind, post band of almost even width, not

very broad, hardly passing level of the third post de behind. Second and

third abdominal segments broad, with a transverse band on hind margin

that is interrupted in middle and that often is fused with a spot at fore

margin on either side of middle, its transverse expansion much greater

than its longitudinal one; the posterior part piceous-brown at least on

third segment, the rest in male more or less yellowish transiucent, though

the full expansion of the bands is very distinct in posterior view. RP,

strongly narrowed at apex and m conspicuously sigmoid towards tip

47%

{mevvinia Walk. }

12 (11) prst spots deeply and broadly separated behind, only narrowly connected

in front (Fig. 40), post band broad, somewhat produced backwards in

middle, where it approaches, reaches or passes the level of the last dc.

Second and third abdominal segments not very broad, with a pair of (in

the female somewhat triangularly) L-shaped spots, the lateral expansion

of which is smaller or not much greater than the longitudinal one. PF;

moderately narrowed at apex, m hardly sigmoid at all towards tip

flavisquama sp. n.

13 (4) Mid-tibiae with two p setae, a small one slightly before or in middle, and

a stronger one beyond middle. Parafacialia with a spot of blackish

reflections at base of antennae. FR, not more than two-thirds as wide at

apex as at widest point.

14 (17) Two prst spots, which are separated from each other by a long median spot

of grey dust; the prst dc situated on the black spots; the black spot of

the scutellum extending forward on the mesonotum towards or up to the

prsc. acy setulose, in about four irregular rows in front of suture, the

outer rows distinctly stronger and about as distant from each other as from

the dc. Abdominal spots more or less L-shaped in male or in both sexes.

15 (16) prst spots separated by an elongate trapezoidal spot of pale dust, i.e. almost

as widely separated behind neck as at the second prst dc. Hind margin

of the post band only slightly undulate; scutellar patch only narrowly

encroaching upon mesonotum. Abdomen of male with paired symmetrical

L-shaped spots, of female with 18 or 20 rounded fuscous spots (Fig. 41);

two in the hind angles of the first to fourth segments, two paramedian

ones at the base of the second to fourth segments, and one-on each lateral

surface of the third and fourth or second to fourth segments [vigintipunctata sp.

16 (15) pyst spots separated by an acutely pointed elongate-triangular spot of pale

dust, i.e. their inner margins converging in a straight line towards neck

and meeting shortly before reaching it. Hind margin of the post band

with a short and rather narrow median projection and a rounded lateral

one, the base of which extends from the third post dc to the last 7a;

scutellar patch encroaching upon mesonotum in a semicircular or broadly

triangular patch that reaches the prsc. Abdomen with a pair of large spots

on the second, third and fourth segments, which occupy almost the

entire dorsal surface but for a median line and a lateral margin /fascigerva Stein

17 (14) Three prst spots, the median one fused with the post band, the prst dc

situated on the white-dusted area between the spots; the post band with

a broad and conspicuous median projection towards scutellum, the black

spot of which is defined anteriorly: by the straight basal suture of the

scutellum. acy very fine and hairlike, in about six irregular rows before

suture, the outer rows about twice as distant from each other as from the

dc. Abdominal spots very large, more or less trapezoidal, those of the

last two segments occupying almost the whole of the dorsum, trimaculata Stein

18 (1) Mesonotum almost or wholly grey or brown, or with three vittae (Fig. 45),

or almost or wholly black (Figs. 43, 45, le. without a pale transverse

prst band, or, if the pale dust of the notopleura ascends along the suture,

it is broadly interrupted in middle and nowhere produced forward in a

triangular spot). Always four post dc.

472 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

9 (34) Fore tibiae without, mid-tibiae with 1-2 p (p and/or pd) setae, hind tibiae

with one ad and without a pd seta. Eyes almost or quite bare (see

fusciventris).

20 (29) Mesonotum black, often with grey-dusted notopleurae (and sometimes

humeri and a prsc band), without longitudinal vittae (Figs. 43, 44). m

always distinctly upcurved and somewhat sigmoid at apex. Tibiae black

or piceous.

I (26) The outer rows of prst acy more distant (Fig. 43) from each other, at least

shortly before suture, than from the dc (nigvisquama?). 3-4 mm.

22 (25) prsc band of grey dust present (Fig. 43), the pale dust of the notopleura

narrowly extending upward along suture. Lower calyptra of male

strongly smoky or fuscous, of female (monospila?) with blackish border.

Second and third abdominal segments each with a broad, transverse,

dark band on hind margin, that reaches anterior margin on either side of

the pale-dusted (sometimes partly vanished) median vitta, and that evenly

narrows towards sides where it takes up only 4-4 of the length of the

segment.

23 (24) Mid- ‘tibiae with two p setae. Lower calyptra of male fuscous, of female

smoky with fuscous border ; . [*nigvisquama Stein]

24 (23) Mid-tibiae with only one p seta. Lower calyptra of male smoky. The pale-

dusted anterior angles of the second abdominal segment translucent

yellow in male. m rather conspicuously sigmoid at apex. - monospila sp. n.

25 (22) prsc band of grey dust absent; the pale dust of the notopleura confined to

it and the humeri. Lower calyptra pale ochreous (2). Abdomen wholly

brownish black (2). Mid-tibiae with 1 p seta : . fusciventryis sp. n.

26 (21) The outer rows of prst acy less distant (Fig. 44) from each other than from

the dc.

27 (28) 3-4 mm. Mesonotum without distinct pale dust in front of scutellum (¢ 9)

and on notopleura (¢), dull black, less often with a golden-brown dusted

band in front of scutellum. Abdomen of male with paired symmetrical

L-shaped, less often broadly triangular ($), dark spots on intermediate

segments, of female wholly brownish black. m rather gradually upcurved

and moderately sigmoid at apex : : platy pezoides sp. n.

28 (27) 6 mm. Mesonotum with a pale-grey dusted eee band and a pale-dusted

spot on notopleura, which is triangularly pointed towards the dc (Fig. 44).

First abdominal segment largely yellowish translucent, second and third

with a broad transverse fuscous band, which leaves a narrow hind margin

and median vitta cinereous dusted, and a much shorter paramedian spot,

which joins.the band to the fore margin. m rather strongly and suddenly

upcurved and sigmoid at apex . : . stomoxides sp. n.

29 (20) Mesonotum largely cinereous dusted, in male sometimes brown dusted, but

in this case m almost straight at apex.

0 (33) Mid and hind tibiae and at least base of fore tibiae yellow; mid-tibia without

an av seta. The outer rows of prst acy not quite as distant from each other

as from the dc.

31 (32) malmost straight at apex, not sigmoid. Abdomen with a pale-dusted median

vitta and a pair of subtriangular (¢) or transverse (2) dark spots on the

second and third abdominal segments. ¢: eyes virtually contiguous;

mesonotum dull brown dusted; base of abdomen not translucent. 9:

mesonotum cinereous-grey dusted with three brown vittae . [marshalli Mall.]

2 (31) m conspicuously though gradually upcurved, the apex distinctly sigmoid.

Abdomen with a narrow and incomplete fuscous vitta and a pair of small

roundish spots on the second and third segments. Posterior femora and

antennae pale testaceous (type form) or fuscous (ssp. matalica). 3g: eyes

subcontiguous, separated by up to half the width of the ocellar tubercle;

mesonotum cinereous-grey dusted, with or without three narrow brown

vittae ‘ . [flavescens Stein}

33 (30) Legs wholly fuscous: black; mid- tibia with an av seta. The outer rows of

prst acy alone present and scarcely more than half as distant from each

other as from the dc. m conspicuously upcurved at apex. Mesonotum

greyish golden with three moderately broad, deep brown vittae, the outer

ones of which are slightly wider (Fig. 45). Intermediate abdominal

MUSCIDAE 473

segments each with a pair of diverging median spots at base (lig. 46), which

coalesce at least on the second segment with a transverse spot on either’

side of disc, the hind margin remaining pale dusted i [bvunneivitta sp. n.]

34 (19) Fore tibiae with 1-3 p setae; mid-tibiae with 3~—5 p (p and pd) setae, hind

tibiae with 2 ad and 2-4 small pd setae. Eyes long-pilose. Mesonotum

grey to cinereous-grey dusted with three narrow vittae.

35 (36) %4,5 and m subparallel at apex. Mid-tibiae with an ad seta, without an av.

Abdomen (2) with broad hind marginal bands on the anterior segments

and a large median spot on the fourth : [*longipila Stein]

36 (35) Ya,5 and m strongly converging to apex, where R, is ; about 4 —} as broad as

wide at broadest point. Mid- tibiae with an av seta, without an ad.

Third and fourth abdominal segments of both sexes and the other two

segments of the female each with 2 pairs of small roundish black spots,

one near middle of base and one near the hind angles . . [piliceps Stein]

[Gymnodia subtilis Stein]

1909, Tijdschr. Ent. 52: 249.

Typical locality: JAVA. Recorded from NataL: Durban (Stein). In B.M.

from: Kenya: Nairobi, vil.30 (van Someren). This single female, which the

Commonwealth Institute of Entomology received from Dr. van Someren, fits

Stein’s description in every regard. Oriental specimens are, however, not

available, and I should think it quite probable in consideration of the similarity

of many species in this group, that the Javanese and Ethiopian specimens of

subtilis are not really identical in their characters.

[Gymnodia gentilis R.-D.]

1830, Myod., p. 522

n. syn. Anthomyia desjavdinsi Macq., 1843, Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Lille, 1842: 328.

n. syn. Anthomyia bifasciata Ric., 1903, Nat. Hist. Socotra: 373, t. 22, f. 8.

n. syn. Limnophora euzona Bezzi, 1908, Bull, Soc. ent. ital., 39: 113.

n. syn. Gymnodia minutissima Ség., 1933, Mem. Estud. Mus. zool. Coimbra (1) 67: 52.

Typical localities: of gentilis and desjardinsi:: Mauritius; of bifasciata:

Socotra: Adho Diemellus, 3500 ft.; of ewzona: ERITREA: Adi Caié; of minutis-

suma: PORTUGUESE E, ArricA: Nova-Choupanga, nr. Chemba, Zambesi. In

B.M.: Ricardo’s type, furthermore: Mauritius: Reduit, 1925, larvae in cow-

dung (Emmerez de Charmoy). NYASALAND: Luchenga, Cholo (R. C. Wood).

Seen from: S. NiGERIA: Ibadan, 28 and 29.x.42 (fF. D. Golding).

Two males from BELGIAN ConGo: Rutshuru, xi.37 (J. Ghesquiére) differ

by somewhat more extended black pattern, the prst spot and fost band reaching

somewhat farther backwards, so that the latter distinctly passes the third dc,

and the pale-dusted median vitta of the abdomen being linear and complete

on the second and third segments.

The figure of Macquart’s type and the single males at hand from Socotra

and Nyasaland and the female from Mauritius belong all to the same species

and do apparently not even show subspecific differences. The descriptions of

euzona and minutissima can only refer to this form and fit the available speci-

mens. That this is really Robineau-Desvoidy’s species is obvious from the

474 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

description “‘abdomen . . . avec les incisions et une ligne dorsale interrompue

noires...’’, 1.e. the hind marginal bands are not interrupted in the male. Stein

considered gentilis a synonym of tonitruz. The two species are certainly closely

related.

Gymnodia tonitrui Wied.

1824, Anal. Ent., p. 52.

S.W. Ucanpa: Mabungo, Kigezi District, 6000 ft. (J. Ford), 1 9.—Typical

locality: Inp1A. Recorded from: Inp1A: Lonauli; Lucknow. TANGANYIKA:

Moshi. S. RHODESIA: Salisbury. GoLD Coast: Obuasi (Ashanti) (all by Stein).

In B.M. from: Inp1A (various localities). UGANDA: Kampala, 8.xii.39 and

28.1x.33 (G. H. E. Hopkins); Masaka, 21.xii.23 (H. Wilkinson). Kenya (J. I.

Roberts); Nairobi, vi.28 (van Someren), 1933 (C. B. Symes), 17.vill.27 (Symes

and Hopkins). NYASALAND: Karonga, 1914 (N. Leys); Blantyre, 12 and 25.v.10

(J. E. S. Old). S. Ruopesta: Salisbury, 3.v.38, at flowers (Alex. Cuthbertson) ;

Chirinda Forest, 3800 ft., 10.xii.10 (C.F. M. Swynnerton). ZULULAND: Nagana

Res. Lab., 24.vu.22 and 16.vii. (H. H. Curson). Conco: Sualaba Valley, 1907

(A. Yale Massey). S. NIGERIA: Ibadan, 17.vii.13 (W. A. Lamborn), vii—xi.25

(F’. D. Golding). N. NiGERIA: Oshogbo, 10.v.11 (7. FF. G. Mayer). GoLp Coast

(W. P. Lowe). SIERRA LEONE: Waterloo, vil.24, “one of 383 Dipt. found on

Frangipanni tree in flower” (A. Blacklock), 1 3, 2 &.

All the specimens from EGypr and PALESTINE in the B.M. belong to ssp.

canache Walk. (n. syn. variegata Stein). According to Stein this ssp. extends

into Inp1A: Lonauli, where it has been found together with the typical form.

I have not seen specimens of ssp. canache from India. :

Gymnodia versicolor steiniana ssp. n.

Limnophora versicoloy Stein, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 513 (pars), not 1906.

S.W. UcaAnpba: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft. (J. Ford), 3 type. YEMEN:

San’a, c. 7900 ft., 2-9.x.37 (C. Rathjens), 1 3 paratype. UGANDA: Kampala,

8.xi1.39, human faeces (G. H. E. Hopkins), 1 3 paratype, 4 and 5.ix.35 (T. W.

Chorley), 3 3 paratypes, 28 and 30.1x.33 (H. Hargreaves), 5 2 paratypes; Bwamba,

iv.44 (V. G. L. van Someren), 2 3 paratypes. NATAL: Estcourt, 10.11.13 (R. C.

Wroughton), 1 3 paratype. Gorp Coast: Achimota, x1.37, stable manure

(G. S. Cotterell), I 2° paratype. The following paratypes have been returned to

their country of origin: Kenya (J. I. Roberts); Nairobi, vii.30 (van Someren),

1933 (C. B. Symes); Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner). S. RHODESIA: Unguza

Valley, 4.11.34 (R.H.R.S.); Lomagundi, 11.vii.32 (Alex. Cuthbertson).

The larvae live in cow-dung and are from the structure of the cephalic

skeleton assumed to be carnivorous (Munro, 1925, S. Afr. J. nat. Hist. 5: 60).

The adult has been found serving as a food provision to the Sphegid Thyreopus

bipunctatus Lep. (Cuthbertson, 1937, Trans. Rhodesia sc. Assoc. 85: 23).

MUSCIDAE 475

Stein (1913) has apparently mixed two or three forms under the name of

versicoloy when describing it as “‘usually’’ with a p seta on the fore tibiae, viz.

(x) the typical form from Madagascar without a pf seta, (2) the present sub-

species or species, and (3) perhaps a similar species without a / seta on the

fore tibiae and with 2 p setae on the mid-tibiae, which is here described as

20-punctata sp. n.

All the specimens of versicolor steiniana, i.e. all the versicolor from the African

continent, have a p seta on the fore tibiae, # much more strongly upcurved

and sigmoid at apex than in tomitruz, the paramedian spots of the intermediate

abdominal segments elongate and parallel or almost parallel, and the

hind marginal bands dissolved into subcircular or somewhat transverse-

elliptical spots as in versicolor from Madagascar and the female of G. 20-

punctata sp. n.

[Gymnodia mervinia Walk.]

1849, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus. 4: 960. -

Typical locality: SIERRA LEONE; of pardalina: TANGANYIKA: Bondei.

Recorded from: N. CAMEROON: Johann-Albrechtshéhe. ToGo: Bismarckburg.

NataL: Durban; New Hanover (all by Stein). In B.M. from: SIERRA LEONE

(type). Gotp Coast: Aburi, 1912-13 (W. H. Patterson). S. NIGERIA: Oshogbo,

I.vill.10, in house (T. F. G. Mayer). SupAN: Nagichot, 31.iii.46 (D. J. Lewis).

W. UcanbaA: Bwamba Country, 1930 (J. O. Harper). UGAanpa (D. Bruce);

Kampala, 30.1.27 (H. Hargreaves). KENYA: Nairobi, vi.28 and vii.30 (van

Someren); Jinja, x.30 (van Someren). NavaL: Umbilo, Durban, 12.vii.14

(L. Bevis).

I have seen 2 females and 1 male from Nagichot, and both females have

the prst spot excised by a narrow triangular tongue of pale dust and the anterior

spots of the abdominal segments less strongly transverse and instead fused

behind with the posterior spots. In the male the outer acy are very slightly

less widely separated from each other than from the dc. These specimens

may belong to a separate subspecies, but they are certainly conspecific with

the type.

Gymnodia flavisquama sp. n. 3°

Length, 4-7-6:2 mm.; of wings, 5:2-6°5 mm.

Black with dark-brown and whitish-grey dust, the basal two abdominal

segments pale translucent at sides, but indistinctly so in female. Interfrontalia

dull black, parafrontalia, except on anterior third, frontal triangle and occiput

dark-brown dusted. Mesonotum (Fig. 40) with a large deeply bilobed frs¢ spot,

the hind margin of which runs from the prs¢ or from near that seta to the

outermost acy, passing just behind the second prsé de and bending sharply

476 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

forwards at the acr, so as to define a deep tongue- (4) or wedge- (2) like forward

extension of the pale-dusted area along the suture; fost band broad, its

hind margin reaching or slightly exceeding the second fost za and the third

post dc (with a shifting extension to

the last dc) and produced between

the de towards, to, or beyond, level

of the last dc; scutellum dark with

pale-dusted apical third or less;

pleurae dark only below and behind

the base of the wings and round

the anterior spiracle. Abdomen

with the first segment fuscous

except for a tongue of pale dust

extending dorsad on dorso-lateral

surface, the other segments each

with a similar tongue and an oblong

median spot, which does not reach

base and sometimes apex; there

results thus a pair of L-shaped to

subtriangular spots on each segment,

which extend more or less laterad

and mediad along front and hind

margins. Antennae, palpi and legs

fuscous.

Head three-quarters (3) or a third to one-half (2) higher than long, occipital

profile almost straight above, moderately convex below, frontal profile slightly

convex, in female straight except at extremities, strongly ($) or moderately (9)

sloping; facial profile rather concave, especially below, peristomal profile

strongly convex, strongly raised to vibrissal angles, which project conspicuously.

Eyes contiguous in male, where the parafrontalia are linear, except in front,

and where the interfrontalia are reduced to a small triangle at lunula; frons of

female one-third head-width at vertex, about five-twelfths head-width at lunula,

frontal triangle hardly reaching middle, interfrontalia at middle 5-6 times the

width of a parafrontale, the latter moderately widened anteriorly, with 4-6

inclinate setae on more than anterior half (in ¢ with about 7 in more than

anterior third) and with 2 reclinate setae; the anterior one of which is smaller.

Inner and outer verticals and ocellars of male fine and long, the adjacent 2

setulae of the occipital row similarly developed, the remainder much shorter’;

verticals and ocellars of female strong and long. Sides of face straight between

level of apex of second antennal segment and vibrissae, considerably, in male

strongly, widened below; parafacialia up to about half () or less than a third

(3), jowls fully to half again, the width, of the third antennal segment. The

Fic. 40.—Gymnodia flavisquama sp. n.

Dorsal view of thorax.

MUSCIDAE 477

latter 2-24 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than

its width; arista slender, finely haired, the longest hairs hardly longer than its

basal diameter.

Thorax with 4-6, towards scutellum sometimes up to 8, irregular rows of

acr, prsc rather weak but distinct; 2-+4 strong dc; both post 71a rather strong,

the other setae also strongly developed; disc of scutellum with numerous hairs.

Pleural setae not very strong or even weak, only the posterior s¢p/ strong.

Abdomen moderately flattened, in male subtriangularly ovate with rounded

apex, in female ovate with pointed apex; first to third segments with some

more distinct and longer marginal setae on lateral part only, fourth with 1-2

discals at sides and a marginal row, which are not very conspicuous in female.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish, at base ochreous, tinge. 7,

reaching (9) or slightly exceeding level of y—-m, the latter at about three-fifths

or almost two-thirds of discal cell. 74,; and m moderately converging at apex,

74+, being evenly curved backwards, and m somewhat rounded forwards beyond

middle of apical section, the extreme tip hardly straightened out. Calyptrae

yellowish smoky (whitish in one female) with the border and.fringe pale yellow,

lower one strongly projecting. Halteres creamy to pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with a p and fd

preapical and a # row of setulae, which become longer towards apex, in male

in addition with 2 fu setae near base, in female with or without an a seta

. towards middle, mid-tibiae with 1 # seta; hind femora with an ad row, a pd

(almost d) preapical, and in male 3-4 (+ 1-2 smaller ones), in female 2, av

near apex, the male in addition with 3-4 small pv setae towards middle, hind

tibiae with an ad and av just beyond middle and a d preapical.

Ucanpba: Kigezi District, Mt. Sabinio, 7000 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type; Ruwenzori,

Namwamba Valley, 6500 and 11,000 ft. (EF. G. Gibbins), 2 2 paratypes, (F.W.E.),

I 2 paratype; W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 2 2

paratypes (to be returned to Dr. V. G. L. van Someren).

In one of the W. Ruwenzori females the prst spots are virtually fused with

each other and with the post band, so that only a vestige of the pale-dusted

incision can be seen, the other W. Ruwenzori female has the calyptrae whitish.

[Gymnodia vigintipunctata sp. n. 3 9]

Length, 4-7-6:2 mm.; of wings, 5-:0-5°8 mm.

Black with dark brown and dense whitish or yellowish-grey pollinosity, in

male the basal 3 abdominal segments pale testaceous translucent, in female

the basal segment, slightly testaceous translucent. Interfrontalia black, some-

what velvety, upper half of occiput dark, parafrontalia of female with brown

dust interiorly on third and fourth fifths; a spot of blackish reflections near

base of antenna and near vibrissa. Mesonotum with a pair of large frst spots,

478 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

which are connected at neck, but broadly separated shortly behind it, and

which reach the second prst dc, ph, and almost or fully the prst; post band

slightly passing third post dc, anterior margin truncate in middle, hind margin

with some slight sinuations; scutellum black with a square or subcircular pale

apical spot on dorsal surface; pleurae pale dusted but for some blackish reflec-

tions on the deepened parts, the area at the base of the wing and a well-defined

square black spot on upper anterior part of mesopleura and on anterior spiracle.

Tic. 41.—Gymnodia vigintipunctata sp. n., 2. Lateral view of abdomen.

s, ventrobasal scale.

Abdomen of male largely browned to fuscous on dorsum of first segment; on

second and third with a pair of L-shaped vittae, which reach front and hind

margins where they tend to, or do, coalesce; on fourth with a subtriangular

spot at each apical angle and a smaller one on either side of median line at

base; in female (Fig. 41) with a roundish or somewhat transverse spot at hind

angles of each segment, a slightly elongate spot on either side of median line

at the base of the second to fourth segments, and a roundish to subtriangular

spot at base of lateral surface on the posterior 2 or 3 segments. Antennae, palpi

and legs fuscous-black.

Head (Fig. 42) slightly more (3) or less (?) than two-fifths higher than long,

occipital profile slightly concave or straight above, moderately convex in lower

two-thirds, frontal profile slightly convex (more so at extremities) and strongly

sloping in male, almost straight and moderately sloping in female; facial profile

moderately concave; peristomal profile convex, very strongly so in anterior

half, which is strongly but not obtusely, upcurved to vibrissal angle, the latter

level with lower extremity of eye, very slightly above mouth-margin. Eyes

subcontiguous in male, the interfrontalia fading out above middle, but the

parafrontalia not becoming linear, so that the eyes remain separated by half

the width of the ocellar tubercle; frons of female a quarter head-width at

MUSCIDAE 479

vertex, two-fifths head-width at lunula, frontal triangle reaching posterior

third of frons, interfrontalia at middle 4~5 times the width of a parafrontale,

somewhat narrowed to extremities;

parafrontalia (3 9) as wide anteriorly

as third antennal joint, with 4-6

inclinate setae on anterior half or

two-thirds, and in female with 2

reclinate setae (the anterior one

smaller) round about the level of the

anterior ocellus. Inner and outer

verticals indistinct in male, strong

but not very long in female, ocellars

moderately long. Sides of face

straight and (especially in male)

strongly diverging, inner eye-margin

showing a distinct obtuse angle in

female opposite arista; parafacialia

more than two-thirds, jowls almost _ ,. panna SN!

i ; : FIG. 42.—Gymnodia vigintipunctata sp. n., &.

twice, the width of the third Lateral view of head.

antennal segment. The latter two

and a half times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by its own

width; arista very short-pubescent, a few rays at the dorsal end of the

thickened part almost reaching the length of its diameter.

Thorax with 4 rows of acy, the inner ones tending to disappear, the outer

ones stronger and about as widely separated from each other in front of suture

as from the dc, prsc distinct; 2+4 strong dc, 2 rather strong post ta, the other

setae also well developed; scutellum with moderately numerous hairs on disc.

Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior stp/ rather strong, posterior stfl very

strong, lower one weak and rather close to the posterior one.

Abdomen moderately flattened, subovate (3) or shortly ovate with pointed

apex (2); second and third segments with some longer and in male stronger

marginal and 1-2 discal setulae towards sides, fourth segment with a not very

strongly developed (especially in female) marginal and discal row.

Wings subhyaline. 7, just or hardly reaching level of 7m, the latter

somewhat oblique, at or beyond three-fifths of discal cell. 74.; and m strongly

converging at apex, 7,;; moderately and evenly curved backwards,

strongly upcurved and somewhat sigmoid in apical half of its last section.

Calyptrae greyish white with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale

yellowish.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femora with an @ row ol

short setulae in basal half, a fringe of p setulae, which is more conspicuous in

male (the setulae becoming somewhat longer at apex), and a # and fd preapical,

480 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

mid-tibiae with a p and a small fd; hind femora with an ad row, a d preapical,

and 3 (2) or 4-6 (3) av setae towards apex, hind tibiae with an ad and av

somewhat beyond middle and a d preapical.

Kenya: Nairobi, vi.28 (V. G. L. van Someren), 3 type, I g, I 2 paratypes

(g paratype returned to Dr. van Someren). S. Ruopestra: Chirinda Forest, ro and

12.xli.10, 3800 ft. (C. M. F. Swynnerton), 3 3 paratypes; Vumba Mts., iii.35

(A. Cuthbertson), I 2 paratype (returned to Chief Entomologist, S. Rhodesia).

NYASALAND: Maiwale, 12.1.29 (W. A. Lamborn), 1 g paratype. BELGIAN CONGO:

Kalana, Kivu, 111.45 (J. Gillet), 1 2 paratype without head (returned to Dr. M.

Wanson). SupAN: Erkowit, 14.v.17 (H. H. King), 1 $ paratype.

In the Erkowit specimen m is somewhat less strongly upcurved.

Gymnodia fascigera Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 516.

UacanpA: Kigezi District, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.1x.34 (F.W.E.), I 3.

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho, Kilimanjaro, 1600 m. In B.M. from:

Kenya: Limuru, xi.28 (J. E. M. Mellor) ; top of the Aberdares, 9500 ft., 28.11.11

(7. J. Anderson). ABYSSINIA: Gatelo Amaiyu, 4.xi.11 (R. J. Stordy).

Gymnodia trimaculata Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 118.

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3; Namwamba

Valley, 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 12; Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-9000 ft. (D. R. Buxton),

3 2.—Typical locality: Kenya: Mt. Kenya, foréts inférieures a Podocarpus,

2400 m. In B.M. from: KENnya: top of the Aberdares, 9500 ft., 28.11.11 (7. J.

Anderson), I g, I 8.

[Gymnodia nigrisquama Stein}

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 125.

Typical locality: KENyA: Mt. Kenya, foréts inférieures a Podocarpus, 2400 m.

This species is apparently very closely related to G. monospila m., but the

difference in the number of setae on the mid-tibiae does not allow them to be

united in one species.

Gymnodia monospila sp. n. 3

Length, 4:2-4:3 mm.; of wings, 4:8-5:2 mm.

Black with dark-brown dust and some areas with whitish-grey dust, the

basal 2 abdominal segments testaceous translucent on antero-lateral part.

Face and lower part of occiput grey dusted with some brownish and blackish

MUSCIDAE 481

reflections, the lower part of the parafrontalia and the upper part of the para-

facialia appearing silver-white in certain directions. Thorax (Fig. 43) dark but

for some grey dust on notopleura, which extends upwards in a narrow sutural

band to level of dc, for a prsc band, which extends between the inner sides of

the postalar callosities and from the last dc to scutellar suture, its front margin

being somewhat concave between the

dc, and for some thinner grey dust on

lower part of mesopleura, hypopleura,

metanotum and apex of scutellum.

First abdominal segment wholly dark

on dorsum, second to fourth dark but

for rather large pale-dusted antero-

lateral triangles, the third and fourth,

moreover, with a narrow pale-dusted

median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs

fuscous,

Head three-fifths higher than long,

occipital profile slightly concave above,

moderately convex below, frontal profile

strongly sloping, facial profile moder-

ately concave, peristomal profile

straight, the front quarter obliquely hmm!

truncate and strongly ascending to

mouth-margin; vibrissal angles moder- AS

ately produced. Eyes contiguous, inter-

frontalia teduced Hoe MeEY small Fic. 43.—Gymnodia monospila sp. n., 3.

triangle in front of ocelli and a Dorsal view of thorax.

somewhat larger one above lunula; face

strongly dilated with almost straight (very slightly convex) sides to lower

extremity of eyes, which lies slightly below level of mouth-margin. Para-

frontalia linear except in anterior third, where they are almost half as wide

as third antennal segment, and where they are furnished with 3—4 inclinate

setae. Inner and outer verticals fine and rather indistinct, ocellars fine and

small (paratype) or moderately long. Parafacialia very narrow in upper half,

considerably dilated below, jowls almost twice as wide as third antennal

segment. The latter more than twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-

margin almost by its own width; arista slender and short-pubescent, the hairs

rather indistinct on dorsal surface and in part as long as the basal diameter

of the arista.

Thorax (Fig. 43) with 4 slightly irregular rows of acy in front of suture, the

outer row on each side somewhat stronger and slightly closer to the de than

to the corresponding row of the other side, prsc rather small but distinct;

482 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2-+-4 rather long dc, two well-developed post 1a, pra absent; scutellum with

moderately numerous hairs on disc. Propleural and prostigmatal indistinct in

a group of rather long setulose hairs; anterior and lower stpl not very strong,

posterior one very strong.

Abdomen moderately flattened, triangularly subovate with narrowly

rounded apex; hypopygium small and hidden; second to fourth segments

each with a marginal row of long but rather thin, and therefore not

very striking, setae, which are less distinct towards median line of second and

third segments; the third and fourth in addition with some discal setae

towards sides.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge. 7, somewhat exceeding

level of vm, the latter at almost two-thirds of discal cell. 74,, and m rather

strongly converging, 74;, being gradually curved backwards and m gently

upcurved in almost apical half of its last sector, which is markedly sigmoid at

apex. Calyptrae strongly smoky with fuscous border and fringe. Halteres pale

reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta, second to fifth segments of fore

tarsus almost twice as wide as those of posterior tarsi; mid-femora with an a

row of setulose hairs on basal two-thirds, a p and fd preapical, a pd row or

rather fringe of somewhat longer setulose hairs, which becomes very con-

spicuous on apical two-fifths, a rather strong pu seta both at basal sixth and

basal third, not much longer than diameter of femur, and a fv row of dense

erect setulose hairs of similar length extending from slightly beyond basal third

to apical fourth, mid-tibiae with a single / submedian seta somewhat beyond

middle; hind femora with a small erect v seta at base, 4 av near apex, an ad

row, a p row on basal half and a fd (almost d) preapical, hind tibiae with an

ad and av somewhat beyond middle and a d preapical.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

KEnyA: Nairobi, 111.35 (van Someren), 1 3 paratype.

Gymnodia fusciventris sp. n. 2

Length, 4-2 mm.; of wings, 4°7 mm.

Black with dark brown and grey dust, the grey-dusted areas with greenish-

blue reflections. Interfrontalia black, rather velvety; parafrontalia, cerebrale

and upper quarter of occiput brown dusted, head otherwise grey dusted with

blackish reflections on face. Mesonotum fuscous-brown with brown dust; the

humeri, notopleurae and the pleura, with the exception of a streak over the

upper fourth of the mesopleura, the pteropleura and over the supraspiracular

convexity, grey dusted. Abdomen uniformly fuscous-brown with brown dust

on dorsum, grey dusted on ventral surface, the lateral surface suffusedly brown.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

‘

MUSCIDAE 453

Head half as high again as long, occipital profile straight above but con-

spicuously rising to neck, convex and somewhat upholstered below; facial

profile moderately concave, frontal proftle almost straight and moderately

sloping, peristomal profile almost straight with a just noticeable convexity,

truncate and strongly ascending to mouth-margin, vibrissal angles not very

prominent. Eyes with very short but moderately dense hairs; frons more than

a third head-width at vertex, two-fifths head-width at lunula; interfrontalia

6 times the width of a parafrontale at middle, but somewhat narrowed pos-

teriorly and especially anteriorly ; frontal triangle reduced to the ocellar tubercle ;

parafrontalia narrowest at middle, with 5 inclinate setae on anterior two-thirds

and 2 rather short reclinate (and outwardly bent) setae near level of anterior

ocellus, the anterior reclinate at least as long as the posterior one: Inner and

outer verticals rather strong, ocellars strong. Parafacialia almost half as wide,

jowls more than half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter more

than twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half

its width; arista short-pubescent, the longest hairs not reaching the length of

its basal diameter.

Thorax with 3-4 irregular rows of acr in front of suture, the hairs of

the outer row slightly longer and more widely separated near suture from

those of the other side than from the dc, post acr in 4 irregular rows, prsc

rather strong; 2+-4 moderately strong dc, 2 well-developed post ta, pra absent ;

disc of scutellum with a moderate number of hairs. Propleural, prostigmatal

and anterior stf/l moderately strong, lower stp/ rather weak, posterior stpl

very strong.

Abdomen ovate with pointed apex, second to fourth segments each with

2-3 rather small marginals at sides, fourth in addition with 2—3 rather distinct

discals on each side.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge. 7, reaching level of 7s,

the latter markedly oblique and at three-fifths of discal cell. 74,; and m rather

strongly converging to apex, 74;; being slightly and evenly curved backwards

and m upcurved in apical two-fifths, markedly sigmoid at apex. Calyptrae

subopaque, creamy yellow with concolorous border and fringe. Halteres

whitish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of out-

standing a setulae on basal half, a row of av setulae on basal third, some longish

p setulae on apical third, and a # and fd preapical, mid-tibia with a / seta

beyond middle; hind femur with an ad row and a complete av row of erect

short setulae, which ends in a stronger preapical, but apparently without

a pd preapical, hind tibia with an ad and av well beyond middle and a d

preapical.

S.W. UGANDA: Kigezi District, summit of Mt. Sabinio, 11,000-11,500 It.

(J. Ford), 2 type.

484 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Gymnodia platypezoides sp. n. $2

Length, 2-8-3-9 mm.; of wings, 3°3-3°9 mm.

Wholly fuscous-black with dark brown moderately dense dust, only the

face, jowls and the ventro-lateral part of the occiput greyish dusted, the noto-

pleurae dull brown to greyish brown (especially in female) dusted. The antero-

interior part of the parafrontalia and the upper extremity of the parafacialia

more or less glossy black, the pollinosity to the outer side of the glossy part

with silver-grey reflections. Abdomen of female wholly dull-brown dusted, of

male with a brownish-grey dusted elongate median spot and transversely

elongate antero-lateral triangles, which form pairs of brownish-black broadly

L-shaped spots on the intermediate segments, fourth segment largely brownish

grey with a pair of elongate or ) (-shaped brown paramedian spots. Antennae,

legs and palpi fuscous-brown.

Head 1% ()-2 ($) times as high as long, occipital profile somewhat convex

below, the upper part slightly concave in male, frontal profile slightly convex,

strongly sloping in male, less so in female, facial profile moderately concave,

peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, strongly ascending

in anterior third, vibrissal angles not much produced. Eyes contiguous in male,

where the parafrontalia are linear in posterior two-thirds, whilst the anterior

third is furnished with 4-5 almost equal not very strong inclinate setae, inter-

frontalia visible as a very small triangle only above lunula; frons of female a

third head-width at vertex, very slightly dilated to lunula, the inner margin

of the eyes forming an even curve from vertex to ventral extremity, interfron-

talia parallel-sided, about 6 times as wide as a parafrontale, frontal triangle

not passing second fifth; parafrontalia with 3-5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae,

the anterior reclinate smaller than the posterior one. Ocellars rather long (4 9),

inner and outer verticals small in male, rather short but quite strong in female.

Parafacialia less than half as wide at middle, jowls fully as wide, as

third antennal segment, or wider. Third antennal segment twice as long

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than its own width; arista

virtually bare, the longest hairs much less than half as long as its basal

diameter.

Thorax with 2-3 rows of acy in front and 4-5 behind suture, the outer rows

of prst acy less widely separated from each other than from dc, prsc strong,

somewhat in front of level of last de; 2+4 moderately strong dc, which are

rather straight and stubby like the other setae of the mesonotum, 2 moderately

strong post 7a, the other setae developed normally ; scutellum wholly or virtually

bare on dorsal surface except for 2-3 setulae near apex. Propleural replaced

by a tuft of stiff bristles, prostigmatal replaced by a number of setulose hairs,

among both groups a stronger seta is sometimes recognisable; I-+-2 not very

strong stl.

MUSCIDAE 485

Abdomen subcordate, rather flattened, the hairs conspicuously longer towards

and on hind margin of each segment and towards sides, the lateral discals and

marginals quite strong, but not very clearly differentiated from the hairs, fourth

segment with a conspicuous discal and marginal row.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat brownish tinged; apex of 7, somewhat

exceeding level of ym, the latter at or almost at two-thirds of discal cell;

7415 and m strongly converging at apex, 74;, being slightly and gradually curved

backwards, and m conspicuously but rather gradually upcurved from middle

of apical section and moderately sigmoid at apex. Calyptrae strongly infuscate

with fuscous ($) or brown () border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a fp seta; mid-femur with a v seta at basal fifth,

a row of rather irregular a setulae on basal half, a fringe of » hairs towards

apex and a p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with only 1 p seta; hind femur with

an ad row, a pv at basal fourth and 2 av near apex, but without a pd preapical,

hind tibia with an ad and av beyond middle and with a d preapical.

CAMEROON: Mt. Cameroon, Musake, 6350 ft., 8 and 9.1.32 (Miss M. Steele),

3 type, 5 d paratypes, 3 2 paratypes; Mt. Cameroon, Onyanga, 5400 ft., 28.1.32,

by sweeping (Miss M. Steele), 2 3 paratypes; Mt. Cameroon, Jonga, 5000 ft.,

7.11.32, among scrub (Mzss M. Steele), 3, 1 2 paratypes; Mann’s Quelle, 7400 ft.,

4.11.32, on grassland (Miss M. Steele), 1 9 paratype. UGANDA: Ruwenzori,

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 ¢ paratype; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft.

(F.W.E.), 1 § paratype. KrenyaA: Nairobi, 111.35 (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 3

paratype (returned to Dr. van Someren).

A male and female from BELGIAN ConGo: Eala, 5.v.36 (J. Ghesquiére) in

the Muséum Royal d’histoire naturelle, Brussels, differ rather strikingly though

not fundamentally in coloration, the male having the mesonotum darker fuscous

brown, but the pollinosity between the last dc and the scutellum lighter, almost

golden brown, whilst in the type form it is only inconspicuously lighter brown.

The base of the abdomen is somewhat paler translucent, the spots of the third

segment are more triangular and separated by a pale-dusted median line only,

those of the second segment are fused into a broad subtriangular transverse

band, and the fourth segment is largely pale dusted with a pair of small longi-

tudinal paramedian spots. The female is similar, but the colours less contrasting,

the main part of the mesonotum in dorsal view not darker than the dust in

front of scutellum, and the abdomen not translucent.

Gymnodia stomoxides sp. n. 2

Length, 6-3 mm.; of wings, 6-4 mm.

Black with dark brown and rather dense grey, somewhat cinereous, dust ;

first abdominal segment and base of second pale testaceous translucent. Inter-

frontalia dull black, frons otherwise brown dusted, as is the occiput but for the

II, 6 (i)

486 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

lower part and the strip between the eyes and the occipital row. Mesonotum

(Fig. 44) fuscous-brown, the notopleural area on a large triangle, the dorsal

apex of which lies on the suture, the lower and anterior part of the humeral

callosity, and a prse band pale dusted,

the latter extending from scutellar

suture to the prsc and last de and from

there reaching obliquely forwards, so

as to occupy the dorsal part of the

postalar callosity up to the anterior

postalar seta; scutellum pale dusted

on apical fourth, the pale dust laterally

extending to middle; pleurae cinereous

dusted with dark reflections in the

deepened parts. Abdomen with the first

segment yellowish translucent except

for the dark base and for a brown

suffusion on either side of hind margin;

second segment somewhat yellowish

translucent exteriorly at base, like the

third cinereous dusted with a moder-

ately broad fuscous vitta on either side

of median line; these vittae diverge

FIG. 44.—Gynimodia stomoxides sp. n., &. Sle nel postoner ly sand sae (daniel

Dorsal view of thorax. segment) or pass the last fourth, in

addition with a large transverse fuscous

spot, which extends from lateral surface to paramedian vitta; on the third

segment this spot is connected with the vitta in posterior view only, on the

third it coalesces with it broadly; fourth segment with a pair of elongate

paramedian spots, which converge somewhat behind, but which do not reach

front or hind margin, Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile straight, facial profile

moderately concave, frontal profile straight except at extremities, peristomal

profile almost straight in posterior half, very strongly but rather evenly up-

curved in anterior half, mouth-margin above lower extremity of eyes, vibrissae

slightly above mouth-margin. Frons more than a quarter head-width at vertex,

more than a third head-width at lunula, sides almost straight, curving outwards

at an obtuse angle at level of second antennal joint, the sides of the face con-

siderably diverging and virtually straight, the eye-margins being hardly

noticeably emarginate; interfrontalia more than 4 times the width of a para-

trontale at middle, somewhat narrowed in front; frontal triangle very small,

reaching posterior third of interfrontalia, parafrontalia gradually widened to

almost double width from posterior third to lunula, with 7-8 inclinate and 2

MUSCIDAE 487

reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate smaller.than the posterior one. Inner

and outer verticals and ocellars rather strong. Parafacialia not quite as wide,

jowls fully twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice

as long as wide, its apex falling short of mouth-margin by more than its own

width; arista very short-pubescent, almost bare, the longest hairs much shorter

than its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2 rows of rather conspicuous acy, between which only a few

odd small hairs are visible, and which are much less widely separated from

each other than from the dc rows, prsc conspicuous but not strong; 2+-4 strong

dc, 2 well-developed za, the za strip with a row of setulae, pra absent; disc of

scutellum with rather numerous hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal moderately

strong, anterior and posterior stp/ strong, lower one rather small.

Abdomen short-ovate with pointed apex, without distinct marginal or discal

setae, the third segment with some more conspicuous bristles on lateral part

of hind margin, the fourth with a row of similar bristles on hind margin and

another row of short erect bristles across disc.

Wings subhyaline, 7, reaching level of y—-m, the latter markedly oblique

and at three-fifths of discal cell. 7,,, and m strongly converging at apex,

¥4;5 being gradually and slightly curved backwards, m very strongly upcurved

and conspicuously sigmoid in apical half of its last section. Upper calyptra

largely subhyaline, lower one subopaque, greyish white, the apical- half

suffusedly brown, including border and fringe. :

Legs: the anterior legs are missing now (February 1947), but have apparently

been present when the key was prepared (1943); hind femur with an ad row

(a pd preapical ?), and 4 not very long but quite strong av, which lie at basal

fourth or third, at middle, at apical fourth and between the latter two, in addi-

tion with some erect av setulae, especially in basal quarter, hind tibia with a

small ad and av at the same level slightly beyond middle, and a d preapical.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500-7500 ft. (F.W.E.),

? type.

[Gymnodia flavescens Stein]

Limnophora flavescens Stein, 1903, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 2: 106,

Eulimnophora flavescens Stein, Malloch 1923, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W. 48: 601,

Anaclysta flavescens Stein, Curran 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., 931: 13, 14.

Typical localities: EGypr: Cairo; Luxor; Assuan. In B.M, from: Ecypr:

Abbasia (?), 3.iv.45 (2?) (M. Hafez), 1 2. SupAN: Wad Medani, 27.xii.44, bred

from dung, in wood (D. J. Lewis), I 3.

This species is so similar to Anaclysta and especially to A. flexa Wied., that

it was included in that genus by Stein, 1rg1g9, Séguy, 1937, and Curran, 1937.

As long as not both sexes of at least one of these two species are available, one

may well wonder, if in spite of the different formation of the lower calyptra

488 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

these otherwise so similar creatures are not the two sexes of one species.

However, both sexes of both species being at hand and differing in the same

way by the lower calyptra, it is obvious that the character adopted for the

separation of the Muscinae from the rest of the family holds good. As the genus

Anaclysta Stein was created only in 1919, whilst in 1902 Stein included both

multipunctata and flavescens in Limnophora, there remains the question, whether

flavescens is the present species or the yellow-feelered Ethiopian Anaclysta,

which is very closely related to, or synonymous with, the Oriental A. flexa Wied.

As Stein does not mention an av in describing the mid-tibia (whilst doing so in

the immediately following description of multipunctata), and as he states the

m to be only slightly upcurved, it is obvious that his type must have been the

present species of Gymnodia, a view, which has also been taken by Malloch

(1923, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 48: 601). Although in comparison with multi-

punctata, where m is curved as in Pyrellia and many Orthellia, the fourth vein

is only shghtly bent forwards, this curvature is nevertheless quite considerable

if compared with other Limnophorini.

[Gymnodia flavescens natalica ssp. n. ¢]

G. flavescens Stein is represented in Natal by a form in which all the femora

and the antennae are fuscous and the fore tibiae and sometimes also the pos-

terior ones are more or less infuscate except at base. This subspecies is at hand

from NATAL: Weenen, iv.24 (H. P. Thomasset), $ type, 2 § paratypes; Estcourt,

10.11.13 (Rt. C. Wroughton), 1 3 paratype; National Park, iii.32 (Miss A. Mackie),

Eg:

[Gymnodia brunneivitta sp. n. 2]

Length, 4:0-6:0 mm. ; of wings, 3°7-4°9 mm.

Fuscous with very dense golden-yellow pollinosity and a brown-dusted

pattern, the base of the abdomen more or less broadly testaceous translucent.

Interfrontalia black, posterior part of parafrontalia with some brown pollinosity

on inner margin, face and jowls more greyish-white dusted with fuscous reflec-

tions; occiput fuscous on upper part if seen from behind. Thorax (Fig. 45)

with 3 dark-brown vittae from neck to beyond the third post dc, the median

one, between the acr, often partly obsolescent, the outer ones occupying the

line of the dc and more broadly extending outwards of these than inwards, the

vittae connected at neck and sometimes at hind end; basal half of scutellum

with a semicircular spot, which may coalesce with a brown dot at the base of

the sub-basal marginal seta. Second and third abdominal segments (Fig. 46)

each with a pair of slightly diverging longitudinal paramedian spots at base

(dot-like or absent on fourth) and an obliquely transverse spot on either side

closely in front of, but not contiguous with, hind margin, these spots much

MUSCIDAE 489

larger and broadly coalescing on each side on second, but often separated on

third segment; fourth with or without the basal and a small roundish sub-

lateral subapical spot on each side. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, antennac

with some golden, femora with some brown, dust.

l'tG. 45.—Gymnodia brunnewvitta sp. n., 9. Fic. 46.—Gymnodia brunneivilta sp. n., 2.

Dorsal view of thorax. Dorsal view of abdomen.

Head almost three-fifths to three-quarters higher than long, occipital profile

straight, frontal profile convex in upper but straight in lower half, facial profile

moderately concave, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior three-

quarters, very steeply ascending and truncate in anterior fourth, mouth-margin

above level of lower eye-margins, vibrissae just noticeably above mouth-margin.

Frons a quarter to three-tenths head-width at vertex, slightly dilated with

almost straight sides to lunula, where it is a third head-width or somewhat

broader, the sides of the face only slightly more diverging than those of frons,

virtually straight, the eye-margins being hardly noticeably emarginate towards

vibrissae ; interfrontalia 5—6 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, somewhat

narrowed anteriorly; frontal triangle not exceeding posterior third; para-

frontalia gradually widened to at least double width from posterior third to

lunula, with 4-6 inclinate and 2 rather small reclinate setae, the anterior

reclinate seta being especially small. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals

490 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

moderately strong. Parafacialia one-half as wide, jowls half as wide again, as

third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by its own width; arista almost bare, its longest hairs much

shorter than its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2 rows of conspicuous acr, which are much less widely separated

from each other than from the dc, prsc distinct, though only slightly stronger

than the preceding acr; 2+-4 dc, the anterior 2 post ones conspicuously shorter ;

2 moderately strong za, some setulae almost in line with them; pra absent (not

even replaced by a hair); disc of scutellum with rather numerous hairs. Pro-

pleural, prostigmatal and anterior stl not very strong, lower stfl more or less

weak, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen short-ovate, with pointed apex, without distinct marginal or discal

setae, the third segment with some longer hairs on lateral part of hind margin,

the fourth with similar hairs on hind margin and a row of more erect similar

hairs across disc.

Wings subhyaline, strongly iridescent; 7, slightly exceeding 7—m, the latter

oblique, at or beyond three-fifths of discal cell; 74; and m strongly converging

at apex, 74,, being gradually and slightly curved backwards, and m being rather

strongly upcurved and sinuous in apical two-fifths of its last section. Lower

calyptra subopaque, greyish white, the apical half slightly brownish smoky,

border and fringe dull yellowish. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibiae without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a row of 5-6

short a setae on less than basal half, these setae increasing in length towards

apex, 2-3 very small pv near base, and a p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with a

p and av seta; hind femur with an ad row, a small av at basal fourth or third,

and 3 gradually longer av on apical half, the last of them forming an av preapical,

but without any other preapicals (except for the most distal ad), hind tibia

with an ad and av slightly beyond middle, and with a d preapical.

BELGIAN Conco: Eala, 6.v.36 (J. Ghesqutére), 9 type, I 2 paratype; 5.v.36,

3 2 paratypes; 27.1v.36, I 2 paratype; 111.36, 1. 2 paratype; 1935, I 2 paratype

(type in R. Mus. H. n. Belg., paratypes in R. Mus. H. n. Belg. and in B.M.).

[Gymnodia longipila Stein]

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 127.

Typical locality: Kenya: Mt. Kenya, prairies alpines supérieures, 4000—

4100 m.—Unless this is a species of the Mydaea-group, it is obviously not

among my material.

[Gymnodia piliceps Stein]

Limnophora (Brontaea) piliceps Stein, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 514.

Anaclysta piliceps Stein, Curran, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., 931: 13.

Typical locality: AByssin1A: Diredawa. Recorded from Addis Abbaba by

MUSCIDAE 4QI

Curran, who designated it as genotype of Anaclysta, overlooking the fact that

a type had already been fixed by Malloch. Anaclysta belongs to the Muscinae

and is a valid genus (see Emden, 1939, Ruwenz. Exp. 2: 52), whilst Curran’s

fixation would have made it more or less a synonym of Gymnodia. G. piliceps

is the most highly developed form of the genus, and workers who look for

separating characters more than for relationship may easily prefer to consider

it a separate genus. In B.M. from: AByssin1A: Maraquo, viii.14 (O. Kovacs).

Kenya (J, I. Roberts). Nata: Ulundi, 5000-6000 ft., ix and x.96 (G. A. K.

Marshall). CAarE PRoviNncE: Lion’s Head, Cape Town, viii.zo (R. E. Turner).

Seen from: CAPE PROVINCE: Lady Grey, 6.1.25 (R. I. Nel).

Xenomyia Mall.

tg2t, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 164.

-n. syn. Jeanneliotis Séguy, 1940, Rev. franc. Ent. 7: 139.

It would be easier to make than not to make most of the species the type

of a separate genus or subgenus, as such important characters as setulose or

bare prosternum, hind tibia with or without a submedian fd seta, ph present

or absent, etc., etc., separate the species or species-groups of this genus.

However, some species, which differ in these characters, are united by other

outstanding characters, and many of the striking features of the species of

Xenomyia are obviously progressive. The forms are all held together by the

systematic characters of the Limnophora-group and a more or less lispoid facies

and are probably nearly related to each other (although forming two well-

defined main groups) in spite of the puzzling diversity of their characters. Only

one species (atva Mall.) has been described in this genus, and it is its genotype,

but Bigot’s Lispa hirtibasis (= hottentota Big.) and Séguy’s Jeanneliotis notabilis

belong to it, and the B.M. has a fourth species (with ph, the absence of which

was originally considered the main character of the genus by Malloch), labelled

“Xenomyia perplexa Mall. type’. This species is apparently undescribed,

and seven more new species are at hand, all but one collected by the B.M.

Ruwenzori Expedition. Séguy (1937) considered Xenomyiza to be a subgenus

of Limnophora, and it is certainly closely related to that genus. However,

for the reasons mentioned on p. 379 I recognise several generic aggregates.

For the genus Jeanneliotis, on the other hand, which is a synonym, and almost

certainly an absolute one, of Xenomyia, Séguy created the new subfamily

Jeanneliotinae (‘‘ Jeanneliotitae”’), appending a key to the subfamilies ol

the Muscidae. In this key the Scatophaginae and Fucelliinae are separated

from the remaining subfamilies including Anthomyiinae by the short lower

calyptra (‘‘Cuillerons trés petits, égaux—ou le cuilleron thoracique plus

court que le cuilleron alaire’’) in spite of the fact that the Anthomyiinae are

said in the same key to have the “‘cuilleron thoracique réduit ou subégal au

492 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

cuilleron alaire’’. The Coenosiinae have been forgotten entirely (they would

come under paragraph 4 (1), but are excluded from it by the correlation of

dichoptic condition of the male with spatulate palpi), and the largest subfamily

Phaoniinae is not mentioned, although its characters are largely those of the

“ Jeanneliotitae’’, which are therefore synonymous with the Phaoniinae. The

key contains, moreover, some incorrect generalisations (e.g. concerning the dc

of the Lispinae and the setulae on the hind coxae of the Fanniinae) and is

therefore hardly workable.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XENOMYIA MALL.

1 (14) Ocellars present though often fine (Figs. 53, 54). Parafrontalia narrower

than interfrontalia, bare or with longer and less numerous hairs, which

do not or hardly extend to parafacialia. Proboscis stout and bulbous,

almost semiglobular (Figs. 52-54), densely dusted and dull. ¢: inter-

frontalia narrowly or broadly band-shaped; arista of normal or unusually

great length, setiform with incrassate base, not geniculate, the second

joint small.

2 (11) Profile of head at antennal base not longer than at mouth-margin, forming

an obtuse angle; facial ridges bare but for a few setulae near vibrissae.

Claws long and strong ($Q), at least (palpalis and bispina) about half

as long as third antennal joint, usually almost as long or longer than it

(Figs, 48, 49). Mesonotum black with brown dust, but for the dorsal

surface of the shoulders, the notopleurae, a streak to the outer side of the

sa, and sometimes a small streak in front of the postalar callus, which

are pale grey dusted. Frons of male broad (3 palpalis unknown).

3 (4) Pteropleura (Fig. 47 “ pt’’) setulose in front of the infrasquamal ridge. 0+ 1

stpl. ph absent. Third antennal joint sharply angular at dorsal apex.

Fore tibia with a p seta beyond middle; hind tibiae with a fine pd seta

in middle. g: fore femora with 2 strong p setae close to base; hind

femora (Fig. 48) with 4-6 fine and rather long av setae in apical two-thirds ;

hind metatarsus very slender and somewhat curved in basal two-thirds,

strongly thickened and with some strong setulose hairs on apical third,

the pu ones wavy, the basal quarter with a strong styliform v seta

pseudolispe sp. n.

4 (3) Pteropleura bare.

5 (6) ad seta of the hind tibiae before middle. ph absent. 1-41 stpl. Several rows

of occipital hairs. Coxae with setulose hairs and slender setae, the mid-

coxae with several of the latter. Palpi somewhat spoon-shaped. ¢: apical

third of fore coxae with a dense tuft of numerous long fine setae on

anterior surface; mid-femora with 4—6 very fine and long pu setae near base

and a row of 7-8 somewhat styliform setae from there to two-thirds cof

the length; hind femora with three very long av setae towards apex, a few

shorter ones basad of them, with an isolated, erect, somewhat styliform

seta near base and 6-7 somewhat inclined strong but not very long pu

setae from there to two-thirds of the length, the ad of the hind tibiae at

the basal third and two-thirds as long as the tibiae c . [hirtibasis Big.]

6 (5) ad seta of the hind tibiae beyond or at middle or absent.

7 (8) Claws very long (Fig. 49), longer than the antenna. Palpi narrowly spoon-

shaped. Several rows of occipital hairs. o+1 stpl. Coxae with setulose

hairs and slender setae, the mid-coxae with several of them. ¢: mid-tibiae

very slender and curved outward towards tip, with two long p setae close

together at apical third, middle metatarsus almost as long as the fore

tibiae, its basal half compressed and somewhat curved so as to fit the

convexity of the fore femora, the middle somewhat swollen and covered

with dense stiff black setulae; apex of hind tibiae (Fig. 49) with rather

long, half-appressed pu hairs and very long erect av bristles; hind tarsi

MUSCIDAE 493

strongly compressed and very short, the second to fifth joints higher

than long 5 5 [perpleva sp. n.|

8 (7) Claws moderately (3 palpalis nknown) long, about half as long as the third

antennal joint. pi absent or minute.

9 (10) Palpi very strongly enlarged, as long as the antennae and almost twice as

broad as they. o+1 stpl. Only one row of not very dense occipital hairs.

Fore coxae in apical half with a row of 5-6 strong styliform setae; mid-

coxae in addition to small setulose hairs with a single strong seta; the ad

seta of the hind tibiae at three-fifths . : . [palpalis Emd.|

10 (9) Palpi normal, almost as long as the antennae, but hardly half as wide as

they. 1-+1 stpl. Several rows of occipital hairs. Fore coxae with the

normal setae and hairs, mid-coxae with a comb at inner end of anterior

apical margin. g: hind femora (Fig. 50) with a complete row of long and

dense ad and av (the latter even denser) setae and with two short subulate

spines in basal two-fifths, hind tibiae with a row of fine erect a and ad

hairs, but without an ad seta; abdomen subcylindrical, the apex suddenly

obliquely truncate in side view (Fig. 51), the ventral surface being shorter

and the sixth segment rather strongly developed. 9: the ad seta of the

hind tibiae at middle . : bispina sp.

11 (2) Profile of head at antennal base much longer than at mouth- margin, forming

an acute angle (Figs. 52-54); facial ridges setulose above or below, in both

cases more or less up to middle. Claws small (3 2), at most half as long

as third antennal joint. 1+1 stpl. ph absent. -

12 (13) Hind tibiae with a pd seta beyond middle. Lower half (or slightly less) of

facial ridges setulose. The two post ta well developed ($?). Three distinct

prst dc ($2). Border of calyptrae fuscous. oe frons broader at vertex

than one eye (Figs. 52, 53) : : [atva Mall. |

13 (12) Hind tibiae without a pd seta. Upper half or more of facial ridges setulose.

The post ia absent. Only 1 strong and o~-r hairlike prst dc. Border of

calyptrae rusty yellow, the calyptrae ochreous-yellow. ¢: hind tibiae

with two long and fine av setae beyond middle; wings sooty between c

and 74,5; opposite m—m; frons hardly twice as wide as third antennal joint;

mesonotum brownish grey, very dull. 9: frons narrower at vertex than

one eye (Fig. 54) : . acuticeps sp.

14 (1) Ocellars absent. Parafrontalia much broader than the ‘interfrontalia (in

female at least anteriorly), densely covered with small setulae, which

extend to about upper quarter or more of parafacialia (Ivigs. 55-58).

Palpi long and slender; proboscis slender and glossy black, subcylindrical

to subconical. Hind femora without av or pu setae. acy, including prsc,

hairlike, rather numerous. 4g: interfrontalia linear; arista stout and

usually geniculate with the second joint conspicuous and more than twice

as long as wide. (3 of azuvescens unknown.)

15 (20) Prosternum and 7, bare. 1-+2 stpl. At least 1+2 well-developed dc.

Calyptrae with at most the thickened border or an apical spot dark.

16 (19) ph present though sometimes fine. Lower calyptra of normal shape, sub-

ovate, not more than one and a half times as long as wide, with rather

broadly and evenly rounded apex. Jowls less than half as wide as the

eyes. Second antennal joint short, not more than half as long as the third.

6: frons strongly prominent; arista geniculate with the second joint

conspicuous; wings with one large dark apical spot (azwvescens?). 2:

without superior frontal (orbital) setae.

17(18) Third antennal joint rounded at apex. 2-+3 quite strong dc. Anterior post

ia strong, posterior post ia fine. Palpi black. Mid-femora with only one

p preapical. Pleurae and lateral part of ecoput bluish to purplish grey.

(g unknown) . : . azurescens Sp. n.

18 (17) Third antennal joint somewhat produced and acuminate at apex of dorsal

(outer) surface (Fig. 55). 1-+2 well-developed (and 1-2 very small pos?)

dc. Both post ia very small and fine. Palpi dull yellow. Mid-femora with

two p preapicals. Pleurae and lateral part of occiput brow nish to greenish

grey. g: wings with a fuscous suffusion over apices of 7.,, and 74,5

loxycera sp. n.

494 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

19 (16) ph absent. Lower calyptra elongate, more than twice (in ¢ almost four

times) as long as wide, in $ parallel-sided and with a fuscous apical spot

(Plate X, Fig. 7), in 2 pointed (elongate triangular) with brown border.

Jowls almost or fully as wide as the eyes (Fig. 56). Second antennal joint

elongate, hardly shorter than third. ¢$: arista very short, not geniculate;

frons broad, strongly depressed; wings (Plate X, Fig. 7) with five fuscous

smudges: along the fifth vein, at apex of Ft;, at middle of R;, at apex of

R,, and in Rk, opposite m-m. 9: with vestiges of the last three smudges;

one strong outwardly bent superior frontal (orbital) seta calyptvata sp. n.

0 (15) Prosternum ; and middle part of 7, setulose. 0+ 2 stpl. ph absent. Only the

last dc strong. Apex of third antennal joint rounded (Figs. 57, 58).

g: apex of wings with a dark brown spot in R,; and R,, the margin of the

wing twisted in anterior part of this spot; lower calyptra largely fuscous.

9: apex of wings smoky in R, and F#,; lower bene with a broad, sharply

defined fuscous seam . edwardsi sp. n.

Xenomyia pseudolispe sp. n. 3

Length, 4-9 mm.; of wings, 4°7 mm.

Black with dark brown and dense greyish-white dust, the latter with

greenish and bluish-grey reflections. Interfrontalia dull black, appearing

brownish in anterior view, frontal triangle somewhat shining, parafrontalia and

occiput behind upper half of eyes velvety black, head otherwise grey dusted,

with golden reflections on anterior extremity of parafrontalia and some shifting

blackish and golden reflections on face. Mesonotum with densely pale-dusted

humeri and notopleurae, otherwise black with brown dust, the outer margin

less dusted and therefore forming an almost velvety-black border of the dark

area, which border accentuates the depressions along the humeral callosity and

along suture; pleurae grey dusted with a brown band over lateral surface of

humeral callosity and anterior spiracle, curving downward across mesopleura

and anterior half of stpl; the area below the wing-base also dark. Abdomen

dark brown on dorsal surface with strongly contrasting, densely bluish-whitish-

grey dusted antero-lateral triangles. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous-black,

the palpi with strong silver-grey reflections, the femora dull bluish-grey dusted

on basal part.

Head more than a third higher than long, occipital profile very strongly

convex, less so on upper two-fifths, where there is a slight emargination at

upper third; frontal profile slightly convex in upper, straight in lower half,

facial profile hardly concave, the vibrissal angles only very slightly projecting

(at mouth-margin and well below level of lower extremity of eyes) ; peristomal

profile straight in posterior three- and the rather strongly ascending anterior

two-fifths, which meet almost at an obtuse angle. Frons over two-fifths head-

width at vertex, one-third head-width at lunula; interfrontalia about 8 times

as wide as a parafrontale, the frontal triangle almost reaching lunula; para-

frontalia with r short (at anterior fourth) and 2—3 even smaller inclinate setae

and hairs, in the upper half with some minute hairs only, two or three of which

are curved backwards; inner verticals strong, outer verticals indistinct, ocellars

MUSCIDAE 495

fine and rather short. Sides of face rather strongly diverging, very slightly

concave, the inner eye-margins being almost straight from the level of the arista

downwards; parafacialia less than half as wide, jowls half as wide again, as

third antennal segment. The latter more than twice as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by more than its own width; arista short-pubescent on

slightly more than basal half, the longest rays about as long as its basal diameter.

Fie. 47.—Xenomyia pseudolispe sp. n., 3. Lateral view of thorax.

pt, pteropleural hairs.

Thorax (Fig. 47) with 1 (the second frst) +-3 dc, of which the last one only

is strong, a strong humeral, frst, sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars ;

both nfl and the anterior postalar rather fine, otherwise without any setae on

dorsum, hairs very small and sparse and visible only in profile. Propleural,

prostigmatal and stl hairlike and indistinct except for the posterior s¢p/, which

is strong; pteropleura with 2—3 setulose hairs on upper part.

Abdomen subcylindrical, only slightly flattened in basal half and slightly

tapering towards apex; hypopygium not prominent. Second to fourth segments,

especially the latter, with a few stronger and longer hairs on lateral part of

hind margin, fifth segment with a pair of diverging long hairs near middle and

a few scattered small hairs.

Wings very narrow, almost 4 times as long as wide. 7, virtually reaching

level of vm, the latter at three-fifths of discal cell. A, slightly constricted

shortly before apex, the two veins slightly converging but gradually turning

496 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

away again from each other, so that they even diverge very slightly at the

apex itself. Calyptrae greyish white, subopaque with yellowish border and

fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Nie

Itc. 48.—Xenomyia pseudolispe sp. n., 3.

Anterior view of right hind leg.

Legs slender with long, slender

claws, but small pulvilli. Fore femora

with 2-3 long # setae at base and 3

rather strong ad towards apex, other-

wise only with short hairs, fore tibia

with a strong p seta at three-fifths, fore

tarsus with rather long setulose hairs,

among which there are single much

longer ones, mid-femur with a spine-

like erect somewhat blunt v seta near

base and a p and pd preapical, mid-tibia

with an av fringe of fine setulae and a p

seta just beyond middle; hind femur

(Fig. 48) with a row of about 6 fine ad

setae, 4-5 long av on apical three-fifths,

and a fd preapical, hind tibia with

an ad and fd just beyond middle, hind

metatarsus slightly curved, the basal

three-quarters in addition broadly

emarginate on ventral surface and with

small erect setulae, the apical quarter

dilatate, especially ventrally, with some

long setulae, in addition a blunt, erect,

spine-like v seta present at basal fourth.

Kenya: Aberdares, Thompson’s

Falls, 7500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

This is a most puzzling Specimen,

which, after careful study, I have

decided to include in the Limnophora-

group rather than in the Lispinae. The

general appearance and the secondary

sexual characters of the male are very much as in Lispe, but this applies to the

present genus also. As in Lise, the pteropleura (Fig. 47) bears a tuft of setulose

hairs. These hairs are, however, stronger than in Lisfe and are not placed

immediately above the posterior stf/, in the middle between lower anterior end

of infrasquamal ridge and the pteropleuro-sterno-pleural suture, as in Lispinae,

but in front of the anterior end of the infrasquamal ridge. The parafacialia

are bare, not finely setulose as in Lispe; the male is dichoptic as in Lispe, but

also many species in the Limnophora-group. The palpi are only slightly

MUSCIDAE 497

spatulate at apex, and the general shape of the head is distinctly limnophoroid,

not lispoid. The scutellum is ciliate at apex, but, as usual in both groups,

bare on ventral surface.

The characters of this species have been taken into account in drawing up

the key to the subfamilies of Muscidae (1941, Bull. Ent. Res. 32: 252) and in

defining the Dichaetomyia-group of the Phaoniinae (1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(x1) 9: 674).

[Xenomyia hirtibasis Big. |

Lispa hirtibasis Bigot, 1885, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6) 5: 292.

Lispa hottentota Bigot, l.c. 293.

CAPE PROVINCE: ¢ type “L(ispa) hirtibasis J. Bigot g Cap B. Esp.’”’ Coll.

J. E. Collin; 2 3, 1 9 cotypes “L(ispa) hottentota J. Bigot § Cap B. Esp.” Coll.

eres \Collin,.

It was mentioned in Bull. ent. Res. 32: 268 (1941) on the authority of Mr.

Collin that these two species described as Lispe are synonymous and belong to

the Limnophora-group. Through the courtesy of Mr. Collin I have now seen

the types.

[Xenomyia perplexa sp.n. 5] _

Length, c. 770 mm.; of wings, 6:3-6°5 mm.

Fuscous-black, dorsal surface densely black-brown dusted, ventral surface

with dense bluish-grey pollinosity, the abdomen (at least of the. male) with

antero-lateral triangles of bluish dust overlapping from ventral surface. Face

and ventral surface of head and lower part of occiput grey dusted. Mesothorax

with a pair of inconspicuous less-dusted paramedian vittae and interrupted

somewhat broader vittae outwards of the dc, lower part of the humeral callosities

mainly grey dusted, mesopleurae with suffused brown spots, a small spot of

grey pollinosity between the nfl and above the base of the wing; legs and

antennae brown-pollinose, but v surface of the femora largely grey dusted;

palpi grey dusted.

Head two-fifths higher than long, occipital profile strongly convex, frontal

profile almost straight, facial profile very slightly concave, peristomal profile

strongly convex and ascending to vibrissal angles, which are very obtuse and

do not markedly project. Eyes ovate and somewhat oblique, separated by

two-fifths head-width or slightly more; frons and face hardly narrowed to level

of second antennal segment and a little dilated with slightly concave sides to

lower extremity of eyes, which lies well above level of mouth-margin; inter

frontalia not very sharply defined from parafrontalia and about 5—6 times their

width, frontal triangle rather indistinct but somewhat shining, almost reaching

lunula; parafrontalia with 2-3 very fine and small inclinate setae on anterior

498 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

half and some setulose hairs above, among which 2 small reclinate setulae can

just be traced. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals rather long and moder-

ately strong. Parafacialia about a quarter, jowls 1-14 times, the width of the

third antennal segment. Peristomal setae of very uneven size, those between

vibrissa and middle mostly very small and fine. Mentum very short and almost

semi-globular, labella with some spine-like pre-stomal teeth ; palpi conspicuously

spatulate (somewhat as in Lispe pumila Wied.).

Thorax without any acy (including prsc), with 1-+-3 dc, the first post one

rather weak, ph present (¢) or absent (2), 7a and pra absent, the other dorsal

setae developed normally, but the humerals and nf/ rather weak; scutellum

almost bare on disc, but the lateral margin in addition to the setae with some

and the apical surface with numerous rather conspicuous setulose hairs.

Propleural and prostigmatal fine but moderately long; posterior stpl rather

strong, the others absent.

Abdomen of male apparently oblong, moderately flattened, of female

elongate-ovate with pointed apex. Hair rather long at sides and apex of the

segments with a few fine and not very (in male perhaps more) conspicuous

lateral marginals and discals.

Wings not very hyaline, with a slight brownish tinge. 7, not reaching level

of yv-m, the latter at or somewhat beyond three-fifths of discal cell; 74,; and m

somewhat diverging in basal half of m, somewhat converging at apex, 74;; being

rather evenly and quite markedly curved backwards and m almost unnoticeably

upcurved at apex. Calyptrae pale ochreous with concolorous border and fringe,

the lower one rather strongly projecting. Halteres reddish yellow.

Legs long and slender, especially in male, with the claws slightly longer

($ 9) than the combined length of the second and third antennal segments,

pulvilli small; fore tibia with a # seta beyond middle (in male almost at two-

thirds) ; mid-femora with an a fringe of setulose hairs on basal and a # one on

apical half and with 2 fd preapicals, but without an a one, in male in addition

with a pu row of short but strong pointed setae, which are 2—3 times as long

on apical as on basal half, mid-tibia conspicuously curved outwards apically

in male, hardly so in female, with 2 # towards and at apical third, which are

very long in male, mid-metatarsus very long and in male somewhat compressed

and curved in a somewhat sigmoid curve; hind femora (Fig. 49) without distinct

setae but for an ad row and a few fv near apex; hind tibia with an ad at middle,

a d preapical and a tuft or short fringe of dense setulae at apex of fd surface,

in male the apex somewhat thickened and slightly curved dorsad, with a row

of very long av bristles on apical third (some of them half as long as the tibia)

and a few shorter ones between them and basal third, hind tarsus of female

normal, that of male strongly shortened and incrassate, somewhat twisted, the

a margin with moderately long and not very dense setulae, the #v margin with

a dense brush of short stubby setulae.

MUSCIDAE 499

Nata: Ulundi, 5000-6500 ft., ix.g6 (G. A. K. Marshall), 3 type, 1 2

paratype.

The male was labelled Xenomyia perplexa sp. n. by Malloch, but not

described so far as I know. The male type has only a small portion of the

abdomen left, and the female is greasy, so that the pattern cannot be seen, the

above description of the coloration is therefore based on the type only.

(

nana

Hy ARN

| \\

enw

ase

CUS

Saje

Anterior view of left hind leg (the av

Fic. 49.—Xenomyia perplexa sp. n., 3

bristles somewhat foreshortened),

[Xenomyia palpalis Emd.]

ABYSSINIA. See Entom. Exped. to Abyssinia, in 1948, Ann, Mag, nat. Hist. (11) 14: 474-

476, Fig. 4.

Xenomyia bispina sp. n. 32

Length, 7-5-8:5 mm.; of wings, 7:-4-8-3 mm.

Fuscous-black with bluish-grey and dark-brown pruinosity, the former with

white reflections. Interfrontalia velvety black with brown reflections, rest of

frons, upper part of cerebrale and of temples brown dusted. Scutellum and

mesonotum, except shoulders, notopleurae (where the pale dust extends back-

wards in a pointed lobe to base of wings) and an oblique spot in front of the

500 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

interior postalar brown dusted; the outer margin of the brown-dusted area to

beyond the frst and almost up to the post za fuscous-brown. Abdomen (Fig. 51)

with a broad transverse band on segments I—4 (3) or 1-3 (9), this band extending

“fi

Fic. 50.—Xenomyia bispina sp. n., 3. Posterior view of right hind leg.

to base on median quarter of each segment, and on segments I-3 of the male

separated from hind margin by a more or less narrow band of greyish dust; the

fourth segment of the female with a large dark median spot, which leaves a

triangle in each anterior angle pale dusted; fifth segment of male dark-brown

MUSCIDAE 501

dusted, sixth and seventh grey dusted with blackish and whitish reflections.

Mentum bluish-grey dusted, palpi infuscate dull reddish, antennae and legs

fuscous, femora bluish grey and towards apex fuscous-brown dusted.

Head about two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile strongly convex

but rather straight dorsally, the eyes obliquely placed, so that the lower part

of the head is strongly upholstered; frontal profile (parafrontalia) slightly convex

in upper half, almost straight in lower half, interfrontalia somewhat concave ;

facial profile slightly concave, the vibrissal angles not much projecting, peri-

stomal profile rather convex, considerably raised to mouth-margin. Eyes

Fic. 51.—Xenomyia bispina sp. n., §. Lateral view of abdominal apex.

separated by two-fifths head-width (g) or by slightly more (9) at vertex, frons

somewhat broadened to lunula, where it is less than (3) or fully () half as wide

as head; face very slightly narrowed to level of arista and moderately dilated

from there to lower extremity of eyes, which lies considerably above level of

mouth-margin, vibrissae just below ventral extremity of clypeus (including

epistoma). Frontal triangle poorly defined, interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide at

middle as parafrontalia, the latter with 4—5 inclinate setae, of which only the

first and to a lesser extent the third is strong, whilst the second and fourth are

hair-like, and with two very small orbital setae, of which the posterior one only

is reclinate (and bent outwards) whilst the anterior one is even more hair-like

and bent outwards (and somewhat forwards). Ocellars long and strong, inner

verticals very long and strong, outer verticals indistinct. Parafacialia one-half

to two-thirds, jowls one and a half times, the width of the third antennal seg-

ment. The latter twice as long as wide, strongly rounded at ventral apex,

falling short of mouth-margin by one and a half times its width; arista with

the basal third gradually but rather strongly incrassate, with very short

pubescence, the longest hairs being less than half as long as its basal diameter.

Thorax without or virtually without prst acr hairs, the fost acy in 3-4 rows

towards scutellum, prsc not differentiated; 24-3 dc, but the anterior frst one

rather fine; fh absent or small, only the posterior post ta present, small;

pra absent; the other setae developed normally; disc of scutellum with

II, 6 (m)

502 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

rather numerous setulose hairs, except on basal third. Propleural moderately

prostigmatal rather fine; anterior stf/ moderately, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen (Fig. 51) elongate-subcylindrical in male, the posterior two-thirds

of the sixth segment sharply sloping downwards and somewhat forward so that

its dorsal surface is somewhat humped; abdomen of female elongate-ovate with

pointed apex. The marginal rows composed of rather long but thin setae, which

are especially conspicuous on lateral surface, each segment in addition with

some lateral discals. The lobes of the fourth ventrite of male conspicuously

projecting in profile.

Wings subhyaline, slightly smoky. 7, not reaching level of r-m (especially

in female), 7-m at three-fifths of discal cell; 74:, and m almost parallel at apex,

the former ending almost at tip of wing. Lower calyptra half again as long as

upper one and projecting by the length of the latter; border and fringe some-

what ochreous. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs long and slender; fore tibia with a p seta at apical third; inner extremity

of anterior ventral margin of mid-coxa with a comb of about 5 closely adjacent

stiff black setae, mid-femur with one or a few fine a setae in basal third, a p

and pd preapical and in male a complete row of dense fv setae, which near

apex are reduced to a comb of setulae, mid-tibia with a f seta at three-fifths

or two-thirds; hind femur with a row of long ad, a pd (almost d) preapical and

in male a row of dense strong av and a short strong black spine on a small

prominence at about basal sixth and third (Fig. 50); hind tibia with a d

preapical, in female in addition with an ad seta at middle, in male without

an ad seta, but with an ad row of fine hairs, which are longer than tibial

diameter.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 10,200 ft. (F.W.E.), g type,

5 5, 12 paratypes.

[Xenomyia atra Mall.}

1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 164.

?n. syn. Jeanneliotis notabilis Séguy, 1940, Rev. franc. Ent. 7: 140.

Typical locality: KENyA: north of Mt. Kenya, 8300 ft., type in B.M.; of

notabilis: KENYA: Mt. Kenya, west slope, 2400 m.

The male of atva is unknown, and so is the female of nolabilis. Séguy’s good

description contains practically all the characters used in my key, and enables

notabilis to be traced without any doubt to atva Mall. Even if the few unknown

characters of notabilis should differ from those of atva this might still be due

to the sexual rather than to a specific diversity. As the two forms tally in the

important characters and have in addition been collected on the same mountain,

it would obviously be rash to treat them as separate species, and it seems

best only to mention Séguy’s species under atva Mall. However, the sexual

MUSCIDAE 503

differences in the shape of the head are so remarkable that I have placed a

copy of one of Séguy’s figures (Fig. 52) at the side of a figure of the female

head (Fig. 53).

Fic. 52¢@—Xenomyia notabilis Séguy, 3. Vic. 53.—Xenomyia atra Mall. 9 paratype.

Latgral view of head (after Séguy). Lateral view of head.

Xenomyia acuticeps sp. n. ¢ °

Length, 6-38-94 mm.; of wings, 6-4—-8-9 mm.

Fuscous-black, with dark-brown and pale-grey dust, the latter with white

and greenish or bluish reflections. Interfrontalia velvety-black with brown

reflections, parafrontalia brown dusted, but the anterior outer part whitish in

female, golden in male; upper margin of occiput brown dusted up to the middle

of the eyes. Mesonotum of female brown dusted with a pair of moderately

broad paramedian vittae, which do not quite reach the dc, and which are more

thinly brown dusted with bluish or purplish-grey reflections; in male the entire

mesonotum more thinly brown dusted with more extended bluish or purplish-

grey areas; the posterior part of the shoulders, the notopleura except for a

brown spot at the base of the first nfl, and the area in front of and above the

base of the wing pale dusted. Dorsum of the abdomen dark-brown dusted,

each segment with a moderately broad triangular tongue of the pale pollinosity

of the ventral surface extending to dorso-lateral area close to front margin, the

fourth segment in addition with a less conspicuous tongue near hind margin.

504 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Antennae (2), palpi and legs fuscous, the antennae of the male rufous-brown,

somewhat golden dusted, the femora grey dusted on basal part.

Head (Fig. 54) as high as long (g) or slightly (one-tenth) higher than long (2)

at lunula, occipital profile moderately and evenly convex; frontal profile

moderately sloping, very slightly convex or almost straight; facial profile

somewhat concave, strongly receding below, especially in male; peristomal

profile slightly convex, rather

evenly and considerably ascend-

ing to vibrissae; the latter at

mouth-margin well below level

of lower eye-margins. Frons at

narrowest point one-eighth to

one-fifth head-width in male,

almost a third head-width at

vertex and almost one-half head-

width at lunula in female; face

rather strongly and evenly dilated

in female, where the sides are

straight above and_ become

strongly concave towards lower

eye-margin, and very strongly

dilated in male, where the sides

are convex at level of arista and

concave’ below; interfrontalia

4 WN \ almost parallel-sided (but some-

“ what narrowed to anterior third

Fic. 54.—Xenomyia acuticeps sp. n., &. in some males), about four times

eral WiCweOU bead: the width of a parafrontale;

frontal triangle restricted to

ocellar tubercle; parafrontalia with 3-4 pairs of inclinate (the posterior ones

more proclinate than inclinate) frontal setae and numerous setulose hairs.

Ocellars rather fine in male, moderately strong in female, inner verticals

strong (in female very strong), outer verticals placed in front of the inner

ones, strong. Parafacialia }-3, jowls 14 times, the width of the third

antennal segment; facial ridges finely setulose on their entire length, the setulae

sometimes rather sparse. Third antennal segment 24-3 times as long as wide,

the apex bluntly pointed anteriorly (dorsally), falling short of mouth-margin

by half the width of the segment; arista pubescent on basal half, the longest

hairs much shorter than its basal diameter.

Thorax with 2-3 rows of acr hairs in front of suture and some odd ones near

the de and/or along suture, the post acy in 4-6 irregular rows; 1-+-3-4 long dc,

the second post dc being the variable one, in addition a small anterior prst dc

MUSCIDAE 505

often present, but rather close to the strong p/st dc, which in turn lies rather

near to suture; ph, prst, pra and za absent; 1 humeral, 2 nfl, the sa, postalars

and scutellars very strong; disc of scutellum with moderately numerous setulose

hairs, which become sparse towards base. Propleural rather long but thin, with

two adjacent shorter setae, prostigmatal rather fine; anterior stf/ strong,

posterior one very strong, lower one indistinct.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather flattened, in male subtruncate, in female

pointed. Hypopygium of male shghtly projecting, sixth segment convex; basal

part of superior forceps somewhat raised and projecting, with a fine longitudinal

median keel; each segment with a row of long fine marginals, which become

indistinct towards middle of anterior segments; in addition some less con-

spicuous lateral discals on each segment.

Wings greyish subhyaline, the base to beyond / and up to the node ochreous-

suffused, the apex in male with a smoky cloud along apical half of 74,, and

a less dark one in F; and in apical half of discal cell, the dark clouds not quite

reaching 74,; and m in R;. 7, reaching or almost reaching level of ym, which

lies beyond middle of discal cell; 74; and m parallel at apex. Calyptrae ochreous

with concolorous border and fringe, the lower one almost twice as long as the

upper one, very strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: long and slender; fore tibia with a strong # seta at three-fifths;

mid-femur with a # and a weak or indistinct pd preapical, and with some fine

and rather short pv setae in basal third, mid-tibia with a # seta at three-fifths,

mid-tarsus of male compressed and slightly dilated, the anterior surface with

dense pale golden-yellow dust, which is interrupted by a longitudinal row of

setulae; hind femur with an ad row, some fine #, pu and v setae near base, and

a fine pd (almost d) preapical, hind tibia with a d preapical, 2 very long (3g) or

rather short (2) av rather closely together towards and at two-thirds, and in

female an ad at three-fifths.

UcanpDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type,

5 6, 3 Y paratypes, 10,200 ft., 2 9 paratypes, 8300 ft., 2 J, 2 paratypes (I 3

labelled: on stones in small rapid stream).

There can be little doubt that the golden-dusted compressed mid-tarsi of

the male will play some part in courtship.

Xenomyia azurescens sp. n. 2

Length, 5:8—6-7 mm.; of wings, 5-4—6-4 mm.

Black with dark-brown and grey pollinosity, the latter on parafacialia with

silver-white, elsewhere with silver-grey and bluish-grey reflections. Irons,

clypeus, facial ridges, upper third of parafacialia, cerebrale and upper half of

posterior eye-margins fuscous-brown with brown dust. Mesonotum, including

scutellum, upper and posterior margins of mesopleura and wing-base, but

excluding the notopleura, wholly fuscous-black with brown dust. Dorsal surface

506 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of abdomen fuscous-black with thin brown dust, rather shining, base of first

segment thinly and a rather narrow tongue, ascending from the wholly pale

ventral pollinosity and occupying about second fifth of dorso-lateral surface

on the intermediate segments and basal half together with the whole side-margin

of fourth segment, densely pale dusted.’ Antennae and palpi fuscous-black,

brown-pollinose, proboscis glossy black, legs fuscous-black, rather conspicuously

bluish-grey dusted,

Head one-fifth higher than long (at middle of height), occipital profile

strongly convex, facial profile moderately concave, the vibrissal angles slightly

produced, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, the anterior

third almost obtusely bent up, rather strongly raised, the anterior peristomal

setae and vibrissae rather strong with interspersed weak ones, the posterior

ones largely weak with single stronger ones among them, frontal profile moder-

ately convex. Eyes almost bare, somewhat obliquely placed, oblong-ovate,

rather pointed ventrally; frons two-fifths head-width or slightly narrower at

vertex, somewhat less than one-half (0:44-0:45) head-width at lunula, sides

straight; face of almost equal width with parallel sides to level of arista,

gradually more strongly dilated with the sides gradually more concave towards

lower extremity of eyes. Interfrontalia slightly wider at level of anterior ocellus

than a parafrontale, evenly slightly narrowed forwards, considerably narrower

than a parafrontale at middle; parafrontalia densely and finely setulose with

5-6 rather weak inclinate setae. Ocellars and outer verticals absent, inner

verticals strong. Parafacialia almost as wide, jowls half as wide again, as third

antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by half its own width; arista short-haired, the dorsal hairs

conspicuously longer than the ventral ones, the longest ones slightly longer

than its basal diameter. Palpi slightly and gradually clavate in apical half;

mentum slender and subcylindrical.

Thorax with 2-3 rows of fine acy hairs in front of, and 4—5 rows behind,

suture; 2-+-3 strong dc, 2 post ta, the second one much smaller, pra absent, the

other setae developed normally. Propleural and anterior s¢// moderately strong,

prostigmatal and lower stl fine, posterior stp/ strong,

Abdomen ovate, the fourth segment only with distinct marginals, which

form a row consisting of 3—4 pairs.

Wings subhyaline, rather strongly brownish tinged. 7, reaching level of

y—m, the latter beyond middle or almost at three-fifths of discal cell; 74;, and

m distinctly converging to apex, 7,;, evenly and moderately curved backwards,

m very slightly upcurved. Calyptrae subopaque with brown border and fringe.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs very slender; fore femora with an ad row of short fine setae and 2-3

strong pu on apical two-fifths, fore tibiae without submedian setae; mid-femora

with a p preapical, mid-tibiae with a pd beyond middle and 3 (av, v and fv)

MUSCIDAE 507

very strong apical spurs; hind femora with a row of very small ad and a d

preapical, hind tibiae with an ad and av somewhat beyond middle; claws hardly

longer than width of third antennal segment, pulvilli less than a third that

length.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500-7500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 9.

[Xenomyia oxycera sp.n. 3 9]

Length, 6-0-6:5 mm.; of wings, 5-6-6-0 mm.

Fuscous-black with brown, olive and dark golden (3) dust or greenish-grey

and pale-grey (2) dust, Interfrontalia dull brownish black, upper part of

occiput and parafrontalia brown dusted, in male gradually changing to dark

golden on anterior half and on parafacialia and jowls, the posterior part of the

jowls, temples and occiput gradually turning olive. Mesonotum and scutellum

shining black with thin brown dust, which becomes denser at sides only and

to a lesser extent on the deepened parts, pleurae densely brown to olive dusted,

in female more greyish olive. Abdomen glossy, fuscous-black on dorsal surface,

with very thin dust, the lateral

- surface of the first segment before

middle, of second to fourth segments

at base, with a semicircular spot of

dense dull-golden dust. Antennae

and legs fuscous, the femora,

trochanters and coxae rather densely

greyish dusted, palpi dull yellow.

Head (Fig. 55) a third (slightly

more in male, slightly less in female)

higher than long, occipital profile

very slightly convex in lower half,

very slightly concave (3) or very

slightly convex (2) in upper half;

frontal profile almost straight in

anterior half, strongly (3) or slightly

(2) convex in posterior half; facial

profile shghtly concave, peristomal

profile almost straight in posterior

two-thirds, strongly and obtusely

Fic. 55.—Xenomyia oxyceva sp. n., 3.

raised in anterior third, vibrissae at Lateral view of head.

mouth-margin, which is strongly

concave, well below lower extremity of eyes, the latter oblong-ovate,

strongly oblique, especially in male. Frons of male more than a third (0°36),

of female more than a fourth (0:28) head-width at vertex, more than

two-fifths head-width at lunula, face gradually and not very strongly dilated

508 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

to lower extremity of eyes, the latter with virtually straight inner

margins in female (in anterior view) and with very broadly convex ones in male;

interfrontalia linear in male and parallel-sided, somewhat narrower than the

parafrontalia at their narrowest spot in female, parafrontalia very broad and

convex in male, exceeding in side-view the eye-margin by 14 times the width

of the antennae even at vertex and by twice that width at lunula, normal

and slightly convex in female, where they exceed the eye-margin by half

the width of the antennae at vertex, parafrontalia and upper two-thirds of

parafacialia densely setulose, but in male without any outstanding, in female

with a row of only slightly stronger inclinate, setae; frontal triangle only slightly

larger than ocellar tubercle, in male completely filling posterior gap between

parafrontalia. Ocellars and outer verticals absent, inner verticals strong.

Parafacialia evenly narrowed to lower end, where they are distinctly wider

than third antennal segment, jowls half as wide again to twice as wide as that

segment. Third antennal segment almost thrice as long as wide, distinctly

though not sharply produced and pointed at anterior (dorsal) apical angle, fully

or almost reaching mouth-margin; the tapering part of the arista very short

in male, the whole arista therefore appearing short and stout, although the

second segment is elongate and the incrassate part of the third of quite normal

length; in female the second segment only slightly longer than wide and the

third segment of normal shape but rather short; the longest hairs of the arista

hardly longer than its basal diameter.

Thorax with 4 rows of small but rather dense frst acy, which are separated

from the dc by a bare strip, post acr in 6-8 rows; 1-+-2 dc, in addition I-2 very

small post ones present; the 2 post 1a small and fine, pi not very strong, prst

well developed; the other setae, including the 2 pairs of scutellars, strong; disc

of scutellum with rather numerous setulose hairs. Propleural and prostigmatal

strong, anterior and lower stl rather weak, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, in male with rounded, in female with pointed apex ;

male hypopygium hardly projecting; the anterior three segments with some

weak lateral marginals only, the fourth in female with a row of weak, in male

of strong, marginals.

Wings subhyaline, in female slightly smoky along fore margin, especially

towards apex, in male with a large fuscous apical spot, which extends from c

to m, though becoming fainter towards these two veins, and from half-way

between 7m and m—m to apex, R, sometimes with a pale longitudinal streak

near apex. 7, not quite reaching level of 7m, the latter at almost three-fifths

of discal cell; 74,; and m distinctly though not strongly converging at apex,

445 being slightly curved backwards and m being very slightly bent (but not

curved) forwards. Calyptrae yellowish smoky with dull testaceous border and

fringe, lower calyptra half again as long as upper one, strongly projecting.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

MUSCIDAE 509

Legs rather slender and moderately long; fore tibia somewhat incurved in

apical part, especially in male, without a f seta; mid-femur with a row of rather

short a setae on less than basal half and a p and fd preapical; mid-tibia with

a single p seta at or somewhat beyond middle; hind femur with an ad row,

which is usually interrupted beyond middle but continued by at least an ad

preapical, in addition with a pd (almost d) preapical only, hind tibia with an

ad and pd submedian seta, the ad shortly beyond middle, the fd very slightly

beyond the ad, and with a d preapical.

UGANDA: Jinja, 7.vi.32 (EZ. G. Gibbins), 3 type, 5 3, 4 2 paratypes (mostly

badly broken as they with their locality labels had only been mounted on

minute pins).

Xenomyia calyptrata sp.n. 3°

Length, 5-0-6-6 mm.; of wings, 4°7-6:5 mm.

Fuscous-black with brown and dense white-grey dust. Upper margin of

occiput, frons and dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen brown dusted, the

humeral callosity of the female, the metanotum and the ventral surface white-

grey dusted, on the abdomen the ventral pale dust reaches the lateral surface

on every segment and narrowly encroaches upon the lateral extremity of the

dorsal surface on the first and fourth segments. Antennae fuscous, proboscis

glossy piceous, legs fuscous with the femora thickly pale-grey dusted,

palpi dull reddish yellow with the apex broadly infuscate but densely whitish

dusted.

Head (Fig. 56) one-half higher than long in male, one-third higher than long

in female; occipital profile sughtly convex in male, rather strongly so in female;

frontal profile evenly convex, but much more strongly so and more sloping in

male; facial profile strongly concave in male, moderately concave in female,

where the vibrissal angles project considerably more than the insertion of the

antennae; peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, the anterior

third also almost straight but obtusely and strongly (very steeply in male)

raised to vibrissal angles; the latter just noticeably above mouth-margin and

far below the lower extremity of the eyes; vibrissae moderately strong, not or

hardly differentiated from the anterior peristomal setae, which in male are

strikingly short, strong and almost straight; eyes oblong-ovate and strongfy

oblique, less than twice as high as and not or hardly wider than jowls. Frons

two-fifths head-width at vertex, one-half head-width at lunula; face slightly

dilated, its side-margins forming a straight continuation almost to apical level

of second antennal segment, and curving outwards gradually somewhat more

strongly thence to lower extremity of eyes; interfrontalia linear in male and

about as wide as parafrontalia and almost parallel-sided in female; parafrontalia

very broad in male where they form a flat callosity extending over the whole

510 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

length and width (with the exception of the linear interfrontal ‘‘groove’’) of

the frons and the upper part of the parafacialia to the apical level of the second

antennal segment, the parafacialia rather suddenly reduced at this point to

about half the width of their upper extremity; parafrontalia of female of normal

Fic. 56.—Xenomyia calyptvata sp. n., 3. Lateral view of head and thorax.

p, black pollinosity.

structure, in this sex less densely and less shortly setulose than in male and

with a strong seta at upper third, which is curved outwards and forwards, and

which is not present in male; frontal triangle of male confined to ocellar tubercle,

which is elongate and strongly raised with the ocelli lying entirely on the

declivous sides, of female very elongate and weakly differentiated, almost

reaching lunula, the ocellar tubercle of normal structure. Ocellars and outer

verticals absent, inner verticals strong. Parafacialia about as wide below middle

as third antennal segment, jowls of female almost three, of male almost four

times that width, Third antennal segment not much longer than second, more

than twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its width;

arista short, especially in male, where the tapering part is not longer than the

incrassate one, second segment as long as wide, longest hairs not longer than

the diameter of the incrassate part.

MUSCIDAE 511

Thorax (Fig. 56) with the acr and de as in oxycera; ph absent (or indistinct),

prst well developed, pushed somewhat outwards and forwards by an obliquely

oval area of black velvety pollinosity (‘‘p’’ in Fig, 56), the 2 7a rather fine,

pra absent, the other dorsal setae well developed; scutellum with rather

numerous setulose hairs on disc. Propleural, prostigmatal and s¢f/ strong, the

posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, in male with rounded, in female with pointed, apex;

male hypopygium slightly convex and hardly projecting; each segment with

a few rather weak lateral marginals, the fourth with a complete row, which in

male consists of somewhat more distinct setae.

Wings of male (Pl. X, Fig. 7), with a fuscous-brown spot at apex of R,,

another, which does not quite reach 7,,,;, towards middle of Fs, a third before

middle of &, and more or less level with the spot in Rs, a paler brown spot in

posterior part of apex of R, and a similarly coloured longitudinal streak along

more than apical half of fifth vein; of female with only some faint vestiges of

these spots. 7, conspicuously (g) or not or hardly (2) exceeding level of rm,

the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 74;; and m slightly converging towards

tip, m very slightly curved backwards at extreme apex. Calyptrae brownish

hyaline with brown border and fringe, in male the upper one entirely occupied,

the lower one () in Fig. 7, Pl. X) at apex, by a fuscous-brown spot, lower one

very long and narrow, in male strap-like and rounded at apex, in female

elongate triangular and pointed at tip. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs slender; the setae of the pu row of the fore femora decreasing in length

near middle and replaced on apical half by very short setulae, fore tibiae

without a submedian seta; mid-femora with a row of short a setae on basal

two-thirds and an a and # preapical, mid-tibiae with a rather small ad and pd

at three-fifths; hind femora with an ad row and a fd (virtually d) preapical, hind

tibiae with a rather small ad at three-fifths and a d preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Swam River, 5000 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3, 5 2; Aberdares,

Thompson’s Falls, 7500 ft. (’.W.E.), 1 g. UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku River,

¢. 4000 ft., 20.1.35, on rocks (F.W.E.), r 9.

Xenomyia edwardsi sp. n. 38

Length, 6:1-7-7 mm.; of wings, 5-8-7:4 mm.

Fuscous-black, the dorsal surface largely brown dusted, the ventral surface

grey dusted, the pleurae and lateral parts of the dorsal surface greyish-olive

dusted. Upper extremity of occiput and frons dark-brown dusted, this colora-

tion in male gradually passing to dull golden on anterior half, in female rather

abruptly replaced by pale grey on anterior half of eye-margins, parafacialia

dull golden (3) or light grey (2) dusted; jowls with a dark-brown spot (vestigial

in female) from lower extremity of eye to mouth-margin. Upper part of humeral

512 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

callosity with a dark-brown streak, which may be connected with the dark

coloration of the disc of the mesonotum; metanotum olive-grey or grey dusted.

Basal half of first abdominal segment olive-grey dusted, the dorsal surface of

the other segments only thinly and inconspicuously greyish or bluish-grey

dusted, the hind margin fuscous; ventral surface densely pale-grey dusted with

moderately narrow fuscous, brown-dusted hind margins. Antennae and legs

fuscous, the coxae rather thickly and the base of the femora thinly grey dusted;

palpi pale ferruginous with the apical third infuscate.

DS = Mi

~ ‘

ESR

SDS NSO

Fic. 57.—Xenomyia edwardsi sp. n., 3. Fic. 58.—Xenomyia edwardsi sp. n., 9.

Lateral view of head. Lateral view of head.

Head (Figs. 57 and 58) a third or over a third higher than long in male, a

fifth to a fourth higher than long in female; occipital profile somewhat convex;

frontal profile strongly, in male very strongly, convex; facial profile in male

straight and slightly receding in upper two-fifths, very slightly concave and

more strongly receding in lower three-fifths, slightly concave in female; peri-

stomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, rather suddenly bent

upwards in a straight line at anterior third, peristomal setae quite strong,

though conspicuously less strong than the vibrissae, anteriorly, largely rather

MUSCIDAE 513

weak shortly before base; vibrissa at mouth-margin, well below lower extremity

of eyes; the latter strongly oblique, elongate ovate, less strongly so in female,

almost 5 times as high as the jowls. Frons more than a third (3) or about two-

fifths (9) head-width at vertex, about one-half head-width at lunula; very

strongly raised in male, where it projects above and in front of eyes by almost

twice the width of the second antennal segment, the interfrontalia being at the

same time reduced to a piceous linear median groove, which divides behind to

enclose an elongate-fusiform ocellar tubercle with the posterior ocelli before its

middle and almost hidden in the groove; much less projecting and much less

convex in female, where the interfrontalia are somewhat wider than a para-

frontale at hind end, but about half as wide as a parafrontale at middle, with

the ocellar tubercle elongate but more broadly fusiform than in male and

defined anteriorly by a groove, which is continued to lunula as a median groove,

the ocelli being plainly visible; frons and vertex of male without any setae, but

with dense minute setulae, of female with a pair of conspicuous but rather

short inner verticals, a pair of ocellar setulae and a row of inclinate setulae,

which are only slightly stronger than the short setulose hairs of the parafron-

talia. Parafacialia considerably wider than third antennal segment, in male

evenly narrowed to almost middle, whence the lower part recedes slightly more

strongly and in a straight line; jowls twice as wide as third antennal joint.

The latter more than 3 times as long as wide with rather evenly rounded

apex, almost reaching mouth-margin; arista rather short, especially in male,

where the second segment is lengthened and rather broad, 4—5 times as long

as wide, and where the third segment is shortened with the basal two-fifths

incrassate; the hairs becoming only slightly shorter towards apex, the longest

being fully as long as the basal diameter of the arista.

Thorax with the hairs very short and fine, especially in male; acy in about

5 rows in front of and in 8-10 behind suture, the frst ones separated from the

dc by a bare strip; 1-2 small prst and a strong fost dc, the latter lying at second

third of the post part; ph, prst and pra absent; 1 humeral and the other dorso-

lateral setae, including the 2 pairs of scutellars, strong; disc of scutellum with

rather numerous hairs. Propleural rather weak, prostigmatal weak; I strong

and 1-2 weak mesopleurals; anterior s¢fl absent, lower one not very strong,

posterior one strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, in male rounded, in female bluntly pointed at apex;

male hypopygium very slightly convex and hardly projecting; without any

distinct marginal setae, the fourth segment with a few somewhat longer

hairs at apex; third and fourth segments of male somewhat matt on dorsal

surface as a consequence of coarser (but not deeper) somewhat scabrous

puncturation.

Wings subhyaline, slightly smoky, more strongly so in Sc and in female at

apex of 7:3 and (to a lesser extent) 7,;,; and between their apices; in male.

514 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with a suffused densely black-haired, fuscous apical spot from shortly before

apex of 7:3 to apex of 74;,;, where the costal margin is concave in front of and

convex behind 75,5, as if it had been twisted between two fingers. Wing more

slender than usual in Limnophorini and sc therefore not appreciably sinuate

between the point farthest from c and the bend towards c; 7, setulose towards

middle (round about the level of the node at the base of 7,,;), not quite reaching

level of ym, the latter beyond three-fifths of discal cell; 74.,, and m sub-parallel

towards apex, their extreme tips markedly diverging in male. Upper calyptra

whitish, lower one almost twice its length, strongly projecting, in male fuscous

except for extreme base, in female infuscate towards margins, border and fringe

dark brown. Halteres dull reddish yellow.

Legs long and slender; fore femur of male with some short fv setae

only on basal half and somewhat swollen at apical third, where the anterior

surface is adorned with an ovate shagreened bare spot, which is followed on

av surface by a small patch of silver-white pollinosity and on v, a and ad

surfaces by some velvety-fuscous pollinosity surrounding the white one;

fore tibia somewhat incurved at tip, especially in male, without a submedian

seta; mid-femur with 2-3 fv setae on basal half or somewhat more, and a p

preapical, mid-tibia with a rather small fd seta beyond middle; hind

femur with 2-3 moderately long and fine p setae at base, an ad row and

a pd (almost d) preapical, hind tibia with an ad seta beyond middle

and a d preapical.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku River, c. 4000 ft., 20.1.35, on rocks (F.W.E.),

3 type, 4 dg, 5 2 paratypes. KENyA: Swam River, 5000 ft. (F.W.E.), 7 3, 8 2

paratypes.

I am glad to name this extremely interesting and striking Muscid in honour

of the great Dipterist and my kind friend the late Dr. F. W. Edwards, who

told me that he found this species only on rocks wetted by spray in a small

part of two rivers, while he was bathing. He realised at once their striking

characters and made every effort to secure a good series. Mrs. F. W. Edwards

has been kind enough to look through the diary and letters of her husband and

to send me the following extracts concerning this species: Mobuku River:

“TI did some collecting in mid-stream on the rocks. There is still a good volume

of water, and the current is very swift.’ 20 Jan.: ‘‘Bathed in river (very swift

current) and got series of Lispe? on wet rocks in river.’’ Swam River: “ While

the others were fishing (trout) I did some collecting, chiefly Diopsis (one species

specially abundant on rocks, others in grass, etc. by river), also various Antho-

myids on rocks wetted by spray (including the species found in Mobuku River).”’

Obviously not only the ‘‘habitus”’, but also the habits and habitat (plates VII

and VIII) are very similar to those of Lispe.

1A male wing of this species was figured in 1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10, pl. 1,

fig. 4, as the wing of a “‘genus near Limnophora’’.

MUSCIDAE 515

MYDAEINI

This tribe was distinguished by Karl (1928, Tierw. Deutschl. Dipt. III: 70)

from his Limnophorini (including Lise) by a combination of paired dark

paramedian vittae of the thorax with a pra or with a long-plumose arista or

with partly pale legs. This combination of characters describes the typical

features of the group fairly well, but there are numerous exceptions to each of

these characters, especially outside Europe, and the presence of an a preapical

of the mid-femora and a well-developed ad preapical on the hind tibiae defines

the group much more sharply. However, these characters, too, are subject to

a few exceptions. All Ethiopian Mydaeini except Helina lasiopa sp. n. and H.

(Mydhelina) semtplumosa sp. n. have an a preapical on the mid-femora, though

in Hebecnema it is small and not very conspicuous. Helina lasiopa otherwise

seems typically Mydaeine in its characters and would seem more out of place

in any of the other tribes. In Limnophorini the a preapical of the mid-femora

is present in the female of Proydrotaea. The ad preapical of the hind tibiae

is well developed in all Mydaeini except a few males with modified tibiae, but

in Hebecnema both the d and ad preapicais are more or less short. In Limno-

phorini this seta is small or absent, except in many Spzlogona, which differ by

a Limnophorine pattern and the absence of an a preapical of the mid-femora

from the present tribe. In order to prevent misidentification of these inter-

mediate forms, notes referring to them have been added to the following key.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN GENERA OF MYDAEINI

(Characters given second and later ranks in the key apply to the Ethiopian species

studied, but not always to species of other regions.)

I (14) vs, sc, and the other veins entirely bare, except often for 7,,;; sc sometimes

with 1-2 minute setulae basad of h.

(11) Dorsal surface of 74,; bare. : ; : ‘ ¢ 5 Helina... 3.

(6) Ventral surface of 74,,; bare

(5) Ventro-lateral edge of scutellum bare. If (very seldom) the a preapical of

the-mid-femora is absent, the mesothorax with a distinct dark vitta on

either side mediad (+) of the dc. If the ad preapical of the hind tibiae is

rather small or absent, the hind legs with conspicuous secondary sexual

characters (1). Never with more than three post dc (*) (as far as the

Ethiopian region is concerned) . : sbg. Helina s. str.

5 (4) Ventro-lateral edge of scutellum and posterior part of hypopleura with some

setulose hairs (Fig. 79). Both post ia strong, the anterior one in line or

almost in line with the first post dc. Auxiliary prostigmatal strong (see

Figs. 79 and 86 (a)); asmall but distinct pra present. Eyes conspicuously

hairy, especially in male. Mid-tibiae without ad or av setae. m virtually

straight at apex (almost unnoticeably bent backwards) . sbg. Euspilaria

SWh

' Species without an a preapical of the mid-femora and without a pair of vittae mediad

of the de (but often with a median vitta and/or a paired vitta to the outer side and occa-

sionally over the dc), are included in Spilogona even if the arista is very long-plumose.

Species without an ad preapical on the hind tibiae belong to the Limnophorini, unless the

absence of that seta is due to a lateral compression of the male tibiae, a secondary sexual

character.

2 Four strong post dc and a pra that is longer than the second mp/ are present in

“Phaonia”’ obscurinevvis Stein, which has a small pd seta at the apical fourth of the hind

tibia and is for the time being left in Phaonia (see p. 679).

516 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

6 (3) Ventral surface of 7,,; with some setulae on the node or shortly beyond; if

these are indistinct or absent, the ad preapical of the hind tibiae rather

small, but the legs otherwise normal, the pra at the same time absent.

7 (10) Auxiliary (more dorsal) prostigmatal absent or indistinct. Wings unspotted.

Eyes bare. Fore tibiae without submedian setae, mid-tibiae without av

or ad setae, hind tibiae without pd setae. Arista long-plumose.! acy

hairlike except often for the prsc.

8 (9) pra absent. : . sbg. Hebecnema

9 (8) pra present. gia proclinate setula present at or just in front of level of

anterior ocellus ; s sbg. Helinella

10 (7) Auxiliary (more dorsal) prostigmatal (Fig. 86 (a)) hardly smaller than the

prostigmatal itself. a preapical of mid-femur absent. (Wings spotted.

Eyes hairy) : sbg. n. Mydhelina

11 (2) Dorsal as well as ventr al surface of Vous ‘setulose at base. " Hypopleura and

ventro-lateral margin of scutellum bare. pra shorter than second npl

Mydaea.. .12

12 (13) m straight or virtually straight i in apical part. Prosternum bare sbg. Mydaea s. str.

2) m strongly upcurved in apical part (Plate X, Fig. 12). Prosternum bare or

setulose . . sbg. Mytospila

14 (1) At least rs between its base and its bifurcation and sc beyond h* with some

black setulae, often several veins setulose on a great part of their length.

m more or less strongly upcurved at apex. Arista long-plumose. No pyrst

acy setae. Hypopleura, pteropleura and ventro-lateral edge of scutellum

bare. Prosternum bare or setulose — . : : : : . Dimorphia

Helina R.-D.

1830, Myod., p. 493.

Next to Caricea this is the largest genus of Muscidae in the Ethiopian

region, as far as known at present, although A¢herigona may in the end prove

to be almost or fully as rich in species as Helina. Limnophora would only equal

the present genus in numbers if Sfilogona, Gymnodia and Xenomyia were

included in ihe former, and the material studied for the present paper seems

to indicate that many more new species and subspecies are still to be expected

in Helina.

The validity of Hebecnema as a separate genus has hardly ever been queried

since Schnabl created it in 1889. Nevertheless the various keys to the genera

of Phaoniinae show clearly enough how difficult it is to separate Hebecnema

from Helina. At any rate, such groups as Helinella Mall. and Euspilaria Mall.

are much more clearly defined from Helina than Hebecnema, although the

European Euspilaria lucorum Fallén is normally treated as an ordinary species

of Helina. For these reasons the four groups in question have been united in

the present paper as subgenera of Helina, and a key to these subgenera is

found above.

1Tf the longest rays of the arista are hardly longer than the diameter of the third

antennal joint, the species in question may be a Spilogona.

2 vs with one or more hairs on at least v surface, but all other veins (except of course c)

entirely bare. Prosternum bare. Pteropleura with a group of hairs on middle part. mm

strongly upcurved towards apex. Mid femora without an a preapical: Neomuscina tvans-

porta Snyder (1949, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1404: 23) from Goitp Coast: Accra. The species

is believed to have been introduced from South America, and the specimen may have been

collected in an aeroplane coming from that part of the world.

MUSCIDAE Lz

Sbg. Helina R.-D. s. str.

syn. [diopygus Malloch, 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 (8): 220.

syn. Tvupheopygus Malloch, 1921, l.c. 225.

n. syn. Anacanthipleva Séguy, 1937, Gen. Ins. 205 (Muscidae): 316.

I have not seen any Ethiopian forms of this subgenus with more (or less)

than three post dc, but three species, in addition to some already removed from

this aggregate, have been described as having four of these setae, viz. Mydaea

debilis Stein, 1913; M. fumipennis Stein, 1913; and H. versatilis Curr., 1938.

Of these fumipennis is a Dichaetomyia, as is evident from the slightly upcurved

74, and m; it is identical (see p. 681) with D. somerent Emd. M. debilis is

described as having the base of 7,,; setulose below; it is obviously a Hebecnema

in view of its coloration and other characters mentioned by Stein (among others

the absence of a pra). In consequence of an inquiry concerning his Helina

versatilis, Dr. C. H. Curran was kind enough to present a paratype of this

species to the British Museum (Natural History). It proves to be a Mydaea.

The males of Malloch’s genus Idiopygus appear at first sight distinctive

enough, but I have unsuccessfully tried repeatedly and in prolonged searches

to find a character or combination of characters distinguishing both sexes, or

the female sex, or even transitional males (with more or less deeply bilobed

fourth ventrite) of Jdiopygus from typical Helina. It soon became evident that

such characteristic male forms of [diopygus as hirttpes Macq., mammufera sp. n.,

and hypopygialis sp. n. are connected by every transition (among them forms

like concholamellata, bequaerti, lobilamellata and trimaculata) with typical species

of Helina like quadriseta Ad., and lucida Stein. Even less is it possible to

distinguish the females of typical Jdiopygus from those of typical Helina, not

to mention the definition of these groups by characters applying to both sexes.

However, all Jdiopgyus (including Trupheopygus) have in common with a

moderate number of other Helima the arrangement of the stf/, which form an

isosceles or almost isosceles triangle. In a few cases, however, even this character

leaves room for doubt, these have been referred to in footnotes in the alternative

section of the key.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF HELINA S. STR.

1 (46) Lower sternopleural conspicuously more distant from the anterior than from

the posterior one (Fig. 59). Hypopygium of male never large and pro-

truding, the fourth ventrite never deeply cleft into two narrow long lobes,

the forcipes of moderate length.

2 (33) Mid-tibiae without ad setae.

3 (24) Hind tibiae without an isolated pd seta and mesonotum without an

Anthomyia-pattern. Only one prostigmatal strong.

4 (11) Wings without distinct spots, i.e. the transveres veins at most with slight

suffusions. ;

5 (10) Front tibiae without a p seta.

1Tf the ground-colour of the thorax is reddish and the anterior post ta present (twe

strong prst dc present, wings not distinctly spotted), try under 46,

II, 6 (n)

518 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

6 (9) Only one strong prst dc (truncata?) near middle of prst part of mesonotum,

the anterior one absent or less than half its length.+

7 (8) Body only thinly covered with dark-brown dust, therefore shining black,

without a pattern. Halteres and palpi fuscous, the former sometimes

dull reddish brown. Jowls about one-sixth the height of an eye, para-

facialia hardly half as wide as third antennal joint. Anterior post ia

present. Wings (Plate X, Fig. 8) infuscate, costal spine absent. Hind

tibiae with one av and one ad. 3: eyes subcontiguous; claws and pulvilli

small, 9: frontal triangle reaching anterior margin of front . fuscohaltevata sp. n.

8 (7) Body densely cinereous-grey dusted,? not shining, mesonotum with a pair

of narrow vittae between the dc, and the remains of a broader vitta at the

sa, the larger setae lying on dark dots. Abdomen with a pair of large

spots on the second.and third segments (and small ones on the first and

fourth), but without a median vitta except on the fourth segment.

Halteres and calyptrae, including border and fringe, yellowish white.

Fore (and usually posterior) femora grey-dusted black, or with at least

a complete fuscous streak along the dorsal surface; tibiae ferruginous,

tarsi black. Palpi dull ferruginous. Jowls about a third the height of an

eye, parafacialia about as wide as third antennal joint. Anterior post ia

absent. Costal spine strong, longer than rm. g: claws and pulvilli

strongly enlarged; frons about twice as wide as third antennal joint.

proxima Stein

9 (6) Two strong prst de present. Thorax densely dusted with two pairs of vittae.

Costal spine well developed, as long as yv-m. Abdomen densely cinereous,

dusted with paired dark brown spots on the second and third segments.

Tibiae strongly infuscate or black. g$: claws and pulvilli enlarged

[juxltamedialis sp. n.}

10 (5) Fore tibia with a p seta. Abdomen greyish brown dusted* with a pair of

small dark spots on the second and third segments and a faint interrupted

median vitta. Legs black with brownish tibiae; mid-tibiae with 3 p;

hind tibiae with 3 ad and 2 av. Shoulders and antennae wholly dark;

mesonotum with three broad black vittae, the median one actually consist-

ing of two narrow paramedian ones, which are connected by a vitta of

dark brown dust. Halteres pale. Wings tinged with brown |. (lenta Curr. ]

11 (4) Wings with distinct spots, i.e. at least y-m and m with conspicuous dark

suffusions.

12 (15) Front tibiae without a p seta. Costal spine longer than vm. Ground-colour of

thorax and abdomen blackish.

13 (14) Antennae, palpi and femora fuscous. Two post ia. The paramedian vittae

of the thorax diverge distinctly towards scutellum, and their outer

borders reach the dc pores. 2+2 stpl. 3: hind tibiae simple; frons

apparently somewhat narrower than frontal triangle. : usitata sp. n.

14 (13) Antennae, palpi and at least posterior femora orange. Only the posterior

post ia present. The paramedian vittae of the thorax very narrow and

parallel, not reaching the dc pores exteriorly. ¢: hind tibiae with numerous

long erect hairs on av and pv surfaces; frons about twice as wide as ocellar

tubercle . . é c A : : ° - _ [auvanticornis sp. n.|

1In a specimen of H. (Helinella) propinqua Stein the setulae on the underside of 74,

are absent. It would be traced to this point, but differs by two well-developed prst dc.—

Spilogaster *picea Stein will probably be traced to this paragraph. It has apparently two

well-developed prst dc. It can be distinguished from fuscohaltervata by pale translucent base

of the abdomen and dark posterior tibiae.

2Mesonotum apparently dusted, abdomen glossy black, hardly dusted, without a

pattern; see *tvuncata Stein. (First post dc very small. Fore legs—posterior ones unknown

—yellow. 7,,; and m very slightly converging at apex; m—m steep and straight. 6 mm.)

3 Abdomen glossy black, hardly dusted, without a pattern. Legs black with pale tibiae

and tarsi. Shoulders and antennae dark, the base of the latter dull testaceous. m slightly

upcurved at apex (Dichaetomyia?). Only one strong and a very small prst dc. Halteres

blackish: *anthvax Stein.—Abdomen as in anthvax. Legs pale except for coxae and base of

femora. Shoulders and basal two antennal joints (third missing in type) pale. Halteres

pale: *callosa Stein. :

19 (18)

MUSCIDAE

Front tibiae with a p seta. Mid-tibiae with 2, , hind tibiae with 2 ad

and 1(—2) av setae (Fig. 59).

Costal spinules of almost even length (except for the two costal spines at

the apex of sc). If the legs (but for the tarsi) are wholly pale, the palpi

and most of the body also pale.

Thorax and at least front femora or apex of all femora black in ground-

colour. Hypopleura bare. Both post ia present.

Front femora wholly infuscate (except for a narrow apex and a streak from

the apex along av surface), posterior femora only suffusedly infuscate on

dorsal surface. Paramedian vittae of thorax not much passing second

post de behind, where they are replaced by a narrow dark median vitta

that is carried on to middle of scutellum. Lateral surface of abdomen

only with dark dots around the pores of the setae. First post ia nearer

level of sa than of first post dc, at least as distant from suture as from

second 7a ; {caestoides

All the femora testaceous but for a elle defined large apical spot that

occupies the distal fourth or fifth except on ventral surface. Paramedian

vittae of thorax reaching scutellar suture, very conspicuous; no median

dark vitta present. Second to fourth abdominal segments each with a

dark spot on ventro-lateral surface below the setiferous pores. First post

za nearer level of first post dc than of sa, less distant from suture than

from second va. (Fig. 59) . | pervittata

Thorax reddish, legs wholly testaceous except for the black tarsi. Hypo-

pleura with some small hairs on upper part (below beret) in front of

spiracle. Only the hind ta present. Wings rather strongly yellowish

smoky. Mesonotum with the usual four undusted (or rather, less dusted)

vittae, which are separated by three vittae of yellowish-grey dust, the

519

Bezzi)

sp. n.]

median one overlying a narrow infuscate vitta . : ¢ [ictevica Seg. |

Some of the costal spinules between the two breaks of the costa (behind h

and at apex of sc) much longer! than those around the apex of 7; (Plate X,

Fig. 9). If the legs (but for the tarsi) are wholly pale, the palpi and the

ground-colour of the body fuscous. Hypopleura bare. Paramedian vittae

of thorax reaching or passing scutellar suture, no median dark vitta

present. Anterior post ia almost level with the first post dc.

Costal spinules of the lower row all rather long between the two breaks, but

seldom some of them approaching the length of the costal spine. Femora

wholly pale in both sexes. Paramedian vittae of thorax not encroaching

upon scutellum, often interrupted at level of second post dc [spinulicosta

Costal spinules between the two breaks all short and of even length except

for about three that are virtually or fully as long as the costal spine

(Plate X, Fig. 9). Femora wholly black with yellowish knees in male,

pale with a fuscous apical spot in female. Paramedian vittae of thorax

often (oapeeares upon scutellum where they tend to meet in a semicircular

Emad. |

curve - : 3 é quadrispina sp. n

Hind tibiae with an isolated small pd seta (Fig. 60) or with 2 pd setae,

less often without, in this case the mesonotum on a whitish-grey dusted

ground with a complete black transverse post band, which is seldom

interrupted by a pale-dusted dc line on either side. Irontal setae of male

confined to about anterior half of frons.

Wings unspotted. Hind tibiae (normally) with only 1 or without a pd seta.

The pd of the hind tibiae at about basal third (Fig. 60), in addition 2 av

and 3 ad present. pya small or absent. Mesonotum with a pair of

brown vittae between the dc and in the male (less often in female) with

another vitta to the inner side of the prst and 7a, often with an incomplete

median vitta extending from base of scutellum forward. Abdomen with

well-developed paired spots on the second and third segments and usually

a median vitta on the fourth. Only one prostigmatal strong. Anterior

prst de more than half as long as posterior one.

are wholly pale, thorax with four pale ferruginous undusted vittae.

1 In single specimens of spinulicosta this character is not so Conspicuous.—costalis Stein

1906 (Berlin. ent. Ztg. 51: 55) may belong to this group. Both palpi and legs (except tarsi)

520 RUWENZOR! EXPEDITION

27 (28) Fore tibiae without a p seta, mid-tibiae with 2 p setae; tibiae black or

piceous. g: frons much more strongly dilated anteriorly than posteriorly,

almost twice as wide at level of first frontal seta as at vertex; abdomen

shorter, second segment more than twice as wide as long . [quadriseta Ad.]}

28 (27) Fore tibiae with a p seta, mid-tibiae with 3 p setae!; tibiae usually

testaceous, especially in 9, in which even the femora are often more or

less pale. §: frons hardly more dilated anteriorly than posteriorly, about

as wide at first frontal seta as at vertex; abdomen elongate, second

segment less than twice as wide as long 2 coniformis Stein

29 (26) The pd of the hind tibiae near middle or absent. Thorax with an Anthomyia

pattern. Front tibiae as a rule with a submedian # seta. Second and

third abdominal segments yellowish translucent with a paramedian and

a lateral spot (sometimes missing from the second segment) on each side

and, in male, in addition with a narrow median line. As a rule a strong

additional prostigmatal seta present above the normal main (upper)

prostigmatal. Anterior prst dc at most about half as long as the posterior

one.

30 (31) pd of hind tibiae present; legs very slender. Mesonotum with a pair of prst

spots (from the ph to the pyst) in addition to the paramedian vittae,

the latter almost reaching suture behind; the post band divided into

three large black spots or strongly indented behind in line with the dc

fasciata Jaen.

31 (30) pd of hind tibiae absent; legs normal. Mesonotum without fixed prst spots,

the paramedian vittae reaching about half-way (or slightly farther) to

suture; the post band without indentations, but in Eritrean specimens

interrupted or sub-interrupted Py a narrow dc line of pale dust; of almost

equal width everywhere . é (lucida Stein |

32 (25) Wings spotted, a round spot on 7—m and a spot on each extremity of m-—m.

Hind tibiae with 2 well-developed pd setae. Cinereous-dusted, mesono-

tum (Fig. 63) with a pair of narrow brown paramedian vittae and a median

vitta from suture to almost apex of scutellum, abdomen with the discal

spots obsolete but with dark brown dots at the base of the stronger setae.

2: anterior reelinate seta stronger than posterior one; fore legs fuscous,

mid and hind legs yellow with the tibiae somewhat infuscate and the apex

of femora and the tarsi fuscous. (g unknown) é A {mallochiana sp. n.|

33 (2) Mid-tibiae with 1 or more ad setae. Fore tibiae at least with a submedian

p seta. Wings with distinct dark suffusions on y-m and m-m, that on

m-—m never consisting of two separate spots.* Both post ia always present.

Costal spine as long as yv-m or longer. Thorax largely dark in ground-

colour,*® especially the humeri and most of mesopleurae quite dark even

though the sternopleurae, etc., may be dull reddish translucent.

34 (43) Hind tibiae without distinct pd setae, though some of the normal short hairs

may be erect and arranged in a more or less distinct row. Abdomen

immaculate or only with a narrow median vitta, or with suffused spots,

never with well-defined triangular spots. Eyes bare.

35 (42) Costal-spinules never very strongly developed, always considerably shorter

than v-m. Mid-tibiae with one ad.

36 (37) Basal and front parts of wing strongly blackened, especially C, Sc and Rj;

hand basal sections of c, sc and y fuscous or brown. Legs wholly dark,

with the mid and hind tibiae sometimes somewhat reddish translucent.

Pollinosity of mesonotum brown and not very conspicuous in male,

1 The most proximal one is rather small and was apparently overlooked by Stein in

the description of his Mydaea acuta. On the other hand, a small number of abnormalities

in the number of setae occur here as everywhere; thus I have seen a specimen of H. quadriseta

with t and another with 3 / setae on the mid-tibiae.

* All the species at hand have this bristle, but it may very well be that some forms

unknown to me are devoid of it. At any rate, the new species contained in this section

cannot be referred to the species of Stein not identified among my material, mostly because

Stein describes the fore tibiae as unarmed.

’ Tf the thorax is largely pale ferruginous in ground-colour, especially the humeri and

mesopleurae, or if only the second post ia is present, or if the suffusion on m-m consists of

two separate spots, the species should be searched for in paragraphs 46, etc.

MUSCIDAE 521

greyish brown in female. Longest rays of arista as long as or only slightly

longer than the diameter of third antennal joint . : . fuscibasis sp. n.

37 (36) Basal and front parts of wings not or slightly infuscate, / and basal sections

of c, sc and y orange or ochreous, seldom brownish, but then at least the

tibiae pale.

8 (39) Femora largely or wholly pale; tibiae pale. Pollinosity greyish brown,

mesonotum with a pair of paramedian brown vittae to the inner side of

the dc. prsc distinct. Base of wings hyaline with brownish veins

brunnescens sp. n.

39 (38) Femora fuscous-black, at most the apex narrowly pale. Pollinosity grey,

largely without brownish tinge. Base of wings up to / ochreous or orange,

seldom more brownish, the veins up to / and the border of the calyptrae

orange to ochreous.

40 (41) Longest rays of arista almost twice as long as diameter of third antennal

joint. Abdomen of male with indefinite subtriangular brown spots

[turneri sp. n.]

41 (40) Longest rays of arista at most half as long again as diameter of third

antennal joint. Abdomen of male without a pattern. pruinosicollis sp. n.

42 (35) Costal spinules strongly developed, especially between h and apex of sc,

where some of them are distinctly longer than y-m. Mid-tibiae with two

or one ad. Longest rays of arista about as long as diameter of third

antennal joint. Inner pair of thoracic vittae CO but rather faint,

diverging behind suture. : tibiseta sp. n.

43 (34) Hind ne with one or several distinct pd setae near middle. Mid-tibiae

with 2-3 ad.

44 (45) Eyes bare. Hind tibiae with 1 strong pd seta. m-—m steep and almost

straight. Costal spinules long, especially between 4 and apex of sc, but

even some beyond apex of 7, are about as long as y-m. 1-+2 stpl. Inner

thoracic vittae diverging behind suture. Abdomen brownish grey dusted

with a faint brown median vitta and faint spots at the base of the setae.

pra absent. Mid-femora with the normal @ preapical. g: abdomen

elongate-ovate 3 . spinifera Stein

45 (44) Eyes densely hairy. Hind tibiae with 2- 25 distinct pd setae. m—m oblique

and conspicuously sigmoid. Costal spinules not or not much longer than

the diameter of c. 2-+2 stpl. Inner thoracic vittae parallel. Abdomen

with shifting black confluent spots. pva distinct. Mid-femora without an

a preapical. g: abdomen ovate, rather depressed (Fig. 69). lasiopa sp. n.

46 (1) stpl arranged more or less in an isosceles triangle, the lower one being as

distant or almost as distant from the posterior as from the anterior one,

this arrangement being maintained even if a fourth (anterior lower) s¢pl

is present (Figs. 70, 71, 73-78).

47 (90) Mid-tibia with or without 1-2 ad setae; if without! the fore tibiae always

with 1-2 p setae (mediovufa?), and either the anterior post ia present or

the basicostal scale fuscous. ¢: abdomen more or less slender with the

hypopygium small or of moderate size and concealed if the fourth segment

is viewed dorsally (except in hypopygialis where the abdomen is formed

as in the relatives of villipes Mall.); sternopleurae without a process and

without a distinct tuft.

48 (77) Anterior post ia well developed (Figs. 70-74).*

49 (62) Mid-tibiae without an ad seta.

1 The fore tibiae are in fact always furnished with 1-2 / setae except in some individuals

of tvicincta Stein (with 2 ad setae on the mid-tibiae), and apparently some. species

described by Stein, but not contained in the collections at hand. In the type of H. coenosi-

Joymis the seta is present on one but absent from the other fore tibia.

2 Condition of anterior post ta unknown. Wings unspotted. [ore tibia with a p seta:

Abdomen glossy black, hardly dusted without a pattern. Legs black with pale tibiae and

tarsi. Shoulders and antennae dark, the base of the latter dull testaceous. sm slightly

upcurved at apex (Dichaetomyia?). Only one strong and a very small prst de. Halteres

blackish. *anthyvax Stein.—Abdomen as in anthyvax. Legs pale, except for coxae and base

of femora. Shoulders and basal two antennal joints (third missing in type) pale. Halteres

pale. *callosa Stein.

522 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

50 (55) Wings unspotted. Palpi and third antennal joint fuscous, prst indistinct.

(52) Hind tibiae without a pd seta. Mid-tibiae with 2 p setae. pra distinct.

Head and abdomen blackish with cinereous-grey dust, thorax ferru-

ginous with pale golden dust and four darker ferruginous vittae. Wings

yellowish smoky. Legs pale testaceous with fuscous tarsi. Three stpl, the

lower one slightly nearer to the posterior than to the anterior one

mediovufa sp. n.

52 (51) Hind tibiae with a small fd near basal third. Mid-tibiae with 3-4, seldom 2,

setae. pva absent.

53 (54) 2+3 dc. Four stpl, the lower posterior one, however, only slightly more

distant from the upper anterior than from the upper posterior one.

Femora, tibiae and most of the pleurae, humeri, notopleurae, etc., testa-

ceous to ferruginous. Wings strongly yellowish smoky — [vufoscapularis sp. n.|

54 (53) 1+3 dc (Fig. 70). Three sfpl in an isosceles triangle. Legs and body fuscous

with grey dust. Wings greyash nyange with the veins creamy white at

base. g dichoptic . : monochaeta sp. n.

55 (50) Wings with dark suffusions on y—m and m—m ' (Fig. 71). “At least the mid

and hind femora of the @ largely pale (those of the g will probably be

dark in at least some of the species).

56 (59) Jowls narrower than third antennal joint. Thorax largely testaceous.

Anterior post ia almost level with sa. pra absent or indistinct. Tibiae

wholly pale. g: sternopleurae without a tuft or process.

57 (58) Abdomen, largely, and mentum pale testaceous. Costal spine half as long

as v—m. Mid-tibiae with 2 p setae. ¢: frons almost as wide as an eye, but

only with i upper (reclinate) frontal seta shortly before level of anterior

ocellus; hind tibiae with an av and 2 ad. (Fig. 71) : coenosifoymis sp. 0.

58 (57) Abdomen and mentum fuscous. Costal spine almost as long as yv-m. Mid-

tibiae with 1(—2) p setae; hind tibiae with 1-2 av and 1 ad. g: frons

as wide as ocellar tubercle, without a seta behind anterior third

pegomytina sp. n.

59 (56) Jowls wider than third antennal joint. Thorax fuscous, grey dusted with

a pair of paramedian vittae and a short median vitta, the latter reaching

middle of scutellum. Costal spine about as long as ym or longer. Mid-

tibiae with 2 p, hind tibiae with 2 ad.

60 (61) p seta of fore tibia at second fifth. Anterior post za almost level with sa.

Dark pattern narrow but well defined, the grey pollinosity prevailing.

2: fore femora largely ferruginous; tibiae infuscate at least at apex.

(fg unknown) . [basichaeta sp. n.|

61 (60) p seta of fore tibia at middle. Anterior ‘post i ia almost level with first post

dc' and twice as long as second 7a. Dark pattern of mesonotum broadened

and fused behind suture, so that only a narrow vitta over the dc and a

streak over the postalar callosity remain grey dusted. Fore femur testa-

ceous but for a piceous apical spot. g apparently dichoptic and without

a sternopleural tuft. (Fig. 72) . intvaalavis sp. 0.

62 (49) Mid-tibiae with 1-2 ad setae. Wings always with dark suffusions on v—m and

m-—m, although these are faint in testacea and flavitibia.

63 (70) Mid-tibiae with one ad. Costal spine very long, costal spinules rather long

and erect, some of them between / and costal spine almost as long as 7—m1.

64 (67) Thorax ferruginous, at least on upper part of pleurae and lateral part of

mesonotum. ¢: dichoptic (vufolateralis ?).

65 (66) Tibiae pale. Palpi orange to fuscous. Thorax wholly pale or with a suffused

infuscation between the dc. Head and abdomen fuscous with cinereous

dust. First post dc at the most half as long as second . —_fevvugineicollis sp. n.

66 (65) Tibiae and palpi fuscous. Thorax black on lower part of pleurae and on

a broad median vitta. Head and abdomen black with grey dust, the hind

margins of the second and third abdominal segments with dark, hardly

contrasting brown pollinosity. First post dc strong, almost as long as _

second (Fig. 73). (g unknown) . 0 : ‘ : vufolatevalis sp. n.

1 Anterior post 7a nearer to level of sa than of first post dc. pra short but very distinct.

Dark pattern of mesothorax narrow and not very conspicuous, the grey pollinosity thus

prevailing: see lobilamellata, of which I have a male with a f seta on the front tibia of

one side.

MUSCIDAE 523

67 (64) Thorax dark brown or black. ¢: frons less than twice as wide as third

antennal joint.

68 (69) Tibiae pale, the anterior ones somewhat infuscate. Arista, including

plumosity, only slightly wider than third antennal segment. Thorax

brown with ferruginous sutures, in some places reddish translucent.

Abdomen elongate, especially in male 6 5 gracilioy sp.

69 (68) Tibiae black. Arista, including plumosity, almost twice as wide as third

antennal segment. Thorax fuscous-black.1 Abdomen of normal length.

Fork of y.,, and 7,,, without a dark suffusion. : c [spiculata sp. n.|

70 (63) Mid-tibiae with two ad.

71 (72) Tibiae and thorax black, the latter with whitish-grey dust and brown vittae.

Arista about twice as wide, including plumosity, as third antennal

segment. 2+3 strong dc.2 g: frons less than twice as wide as ocellar

tubercle, without any setae on upper two-thirds . 0 (tvicincta Stein |

72 (71) Tibiae pale. Thorax brown, fuscous-brown or pale ferruginous with brownish

grey dust. g: dichoptic, frons about a third head-width with 2 pairs

of reclinate setae on upper half.

73 (74) Hind tibiae without pd.* Posterior post ia absent (Fig. 74). Thorax brown.

Arista narrower, including plumosity, than third antennal segment. Tarsi

ferruginous with the fifth segment fuscous and the fourth (on the hind

tarsi sometimes more) segment infuscate —. votundiceps sp. n.

4 (73) Hind tibiae with a strong pd at middle and a smaller one beyond. Posterior

; post ia well developed.

75 (76) Arista narrower, including plumosity, than third antennal joint. Body

fuscous-brown . . flavitibia sp.

76 (75) Arista almost twice as broad, including plumosity, 2 as third antennal joint.

Body pale ferruginous, head fuscous . . 7 . {testacea Mall. |

77 (48) Anterior post ia absent. Wings always spotted.

(79) Hind tibiae without a pd seta. Anterior prst dc absent. Mid-tibia with

one ad seta. Thorax and legs wholly pale ferruginous except for the last

tarsal joint. 3: dichoptic . 0 flavitarsis sp.

79 (78) Hind tibiae with a pd seta almost exactly at middle (and sometimes smaller

ones beyond). Anterior prst dc present.? prsc absent or small. Basicostal

scale fuscous. The grey pruinosity not cinereous but usually somewhat

bluish. Mesonotum often with a broad median vitta between the dc, thus

trivittate. Abdomen usually with lateral spots in addition to the dorsal

ones. g: frons between once and twice the width of the third antennal

joint; sternopleurae without a mammiform process or a tuft of dense

setae (with an indication of the latter in hypopygialis); hypopygium

somewhat enlarged with elongate forcipes; fourth ventrite deeply incised,

forming two elongate lobes with subparallel inner margins; hind tibiae

simple except often for an apico-ventral pad of dense short setulae.

= the anterior reclinate frontal not stronger than the posterior one.

*([diopygus Mall. pars a.)

80 (85) Mid-tibiae without an ad seta. Abdomen always with brown lateral spots,

which are often fused along hind margin with the dorsal spots. Body

rather slender, especially in male.

1 Thorax with distinct vittae; abdomen with distinct paired spots on dorsum and sides;

fork of 72,3 and 74,; with a conspicuous suffusion: tvimaculata Stein.

21-43 strong dc. Fore tibiae without a submedian seta. Abdomen cinereous or yellowish

cinereous with or without paired small dark spots on segments 2 and 3: pauwpera Stein,

which will be traced to this paragraph.

3 One male with narrow frons and pale tibiae has 2 ad on the mid-tibiae, but is

otherwise almost identical with gvacilioy. It is considered either an aberration of the latter

or a hybrid between it and votundiceps, as 1t was found together with these two very similar

species.

4 Condition of pd seta of hind tibiae unknown. Anterior prst dc absent (small?). Thorax

wholly dark, as are the femora. Frons of male apparently more than twice as wide as

third antennal joint, but male not dichoptic. Mid-tibia with an ad seta, but fore tibiae

without a p seta. Hind trochanters of male produced into a short and broad process, which

is directed ventrally and densely covered with very short: setulae (as in ulundt): I

*trochantevata Stein.

524 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

81 (84) Fore tibiae with one p seta. All femora black. Costal spinules rather long

and erect. §: lobes of fourth ventrite moderately long, falling far short

of level of apical margin of fourth tergite.

82 (83) Mesonotum with the 2 paramedian vittae and the posterior median vitta

more or less fused so as to form one broad median vitta. Dorsal abdominal

spots large, sometimes fused across median line. Spots on m-m usually

separated tyvimaculata Stein

83 (82) Mesonotum with the 2 2 paramedian vittae and the ‘posterior median vitta

well separated. Abdominal spots of moderate size, not fused. Spots on

m—m broadly fused so as to forma band. Costal spinules somewhat longer

than the setulose hairs among them! . ; edwardsiana sp. n.

34 (81) Fore tibiae with two setae. ‘Posterior femora reddish orange except for

apical third or half. g: lobes of fourth ventrite long, reaching level of

apical margin of fourth tergite, prone of their ventral margin quite

straight . : 0 bequaerti Curr.

85 (80) Mid- tibiae with 1-2 ad setae. " Spots on mm always ‘confluent so as to form

a band.

86 (89) Mid-tibiae with one ad seta; fore tibiae with one p seta. Body rather slender,

especially in male. Paramedian thoracic vittae separated. J: hypopygium

moderately large; mid-femora without dense long hairs; hind femora with

a row of very long and strong av, which are somewhat more a in position

but not much shorter at the end of the basal half, the pu surface with

three setae, which are widely spaced, the most distal one of them lies

at 3/5.

87 (88) Base of posterior (and often fore) femora broadly pale ferruginous. Longest

rays of arista not much longer than width of third antennal joint. Polli-

nosity somewhat cinereous-grey, abdominal spots smaller but usually

rather strongly contrasting. Wing-spots separated by about twice the

width of the spot on 7-m (Plate X, Fig. 10). g: the pu of the hind femora

fine; hind tibiae with 3—5 very long setulose hairs on pu surface, some of

which are 2-3 times as long as the tibial diameter. 3 sclavivorva sp. te

88 (87) Femora wholly black. Longest rays of arista 14-2 times as long as width

of third antennal joint. Pollinosity somewhat bluish grey, abdominal

spots more extended, but rather dark brown, and not very strongly

contrasting. Wing-spots separated usually only by the width of the spot

on v-m, sometimes connected along m (Plate X, Fig. 11). g: the two

more proximal pu setae of the hind femora stout and almost spine-like,

the distal one strong; hind tibiae with a few pv setulae, which are not or

slightly longer than the tibial diameter; lobes of fourth ventrite elongate,

very convex, the apical half with long setae, which are hardly shorter

than the whole of the fourth ventrite . . . concholamellata sp. n.

89 (86) Mid-tibiae with 2 ad, fore tibiae with 2 p setae. Body rather stout.

Paramedian thoracic vittae fused, the thorax thus with 3 broad, dark

brown vittae. g: hypopygium large, abdomen short, dorsum convex

longitudinally (Fig. 75), mid-femora with dense long erect black hairs on

basal three-fifths of v surface; hind femora with strong av setae only in

apical half, the setae of the basal half being fine and rather short, but

quite as v in position as those of apical half, the pv surface with only 2

strong but not very long setae near middle . ; : hypopygialis sp. n.

90 (47) Mid-tibia without an ad seta. Fore tibia without a p seta or, very seldom,

with a p seta, but in this case the anterior post ia absent and the basicostal

scale pale orange. Wings always spotted. ¢: frons more than twice as

wide as the third antennal joint (except sometimes in H. quadvuplex),

never with more than 1 (reclinate) frontal seta between middle and

verticals unless the male is dichoptic; hind tibiae without an av seta.

@: hind tibiae with 1-2 av and 2 ad. (Idiopygus Mall..pars b.)

91 (112) Anterior post 1a present and at least slightly anterior to level of sa. Fore

tibiae always without a p seta. Parafacialia with dark reflections at level

of antennal insertion. g: sternopleura not or only slightly produced

1 If the costal spinules are somewhat shorter than the setulose hairs on the costa, see

H. concholamellata, of which I have seen a male without an ad seta on the only remaining

mid-tibia.

MUSCIDAE

downwards between the fore and mid coxae, never forming a mammiform

process, but as a rule with a more or less distinct tuft of dense black

bristles which are curved caudad; hind tibiae with 2 strone ad, the v

apex with a small patch of short dense erect black setulae, often borne

on a small process. 2: hind tibiae with one au.

92 (95) Posterior femora yellowish orange, except for apical third or so, which 1s

fuscous like the tibiae and fore femora. Anterior end of suffusion on

m-m guttiform, often separated from posterior part. Abdomen with

lateral brown spots. Basicostal scale fuscous. g: no frontal setae on

upper half of frons; sternopleura simple; mid-femora on basal two-thirds

with numerous very long bristly hairs on av and pu surfaces; hind tibiae

with a pad of dense short hairs at apex of v surface. 9: anterior reclinate

frontal seta stronger than posterior one, bent outwards; hind tibiae with

an av (and 2 ad) setae : [quadruplex Stein]

93 (94) 3: hind femora with only 1-2 longer hairs at base of vu surface, the latter

otherwise only with short but dense and erect v hairs (in addition to the

av setae); hind tibiae without long hairs. Hind trochanters with a tuft

of short, closely adjacent setulose hairs, which are bent caudad.

(quadvuplex quadruplex

94 (93) gd: hind femora with.very long hairs on basal two-thirds of av and pu sur-

faces, some of these hairs being twice as long as greatest femoral diameter ;

hind tibiae with somewhat longer and more erect hairs on more than

intermediate third and with some long erect pu hairs on apical two-thirds.

. Hind trochanters with the Bosna setulose hairs of different lengths

- 93

Stein |

[quadvuplex naivashensis ssp. n.]

95 (92) Posterior femora without a sharply defined darker tip; tibiae not darker than

basal two-thirds of posterior femora. 9: anterior reclinate frontal seta

weaker than posterior one.

96 (97) The suffusion of m—m extending over the whole. length of that vein, but

only moderately dark, the two apical angles of the discal cell subequal.

3: no frontal seta at level of anterior ocellus 5 [penicillata

97 (96) The suffusion of m—m consisting of two rounded spots, one on each end.

98 (101) g without a frontal seta at level of anterior ocellus; sternopleural tuft

consisting of moderately numerous and strong, evenly curved setae; the

"anterior (or all) trochanters and the tibiae pale ferruginous. 9: posterior

femora pale ferruginous, with or without a faint infuscation on dorsal

surface (if without, the other characters would probably take the 2 to

wroughtont Malloch).

09 (100) ¢: v hair of fore and hind tibiae shorter than tibial diameter; mid-tibiae

simple; anterior surface of hind coxae with normal hair and setae, hind

trochanters with a tuft of dense black, curved, pointed setulae, hind

tibiae virtually straight, i.e. slightly curved near base only. 9: posterior

femora testaceous with a faint infuscation on dorsal surface

(lobilamellata s

100 (99) g: v hair of fore and hind tibiae very long and dense, on the fore tibiae

about thrice, on the hind ones about 14—2 times as long as tibial diameter,

hind tibiae in addition with pd hairs which are about four times as long

as the tibial diameter; mid-tibiae somewhat incurved at apex, the v apex

produced into a short blunt point, the d apex rounded off; a surface of

hind coxae with dense long setulose hairs; hind trochanters with numerous

black, erect, blunt setulae of almost equal length, hind tibiae conspicu-

ously though not strongly curved; fifth and sixth abdominal segments

much larger than in the preceding species. 2: posterior femora wholly

pale . [major

1or (98) gf witha montall seta Ae level of eriterior celine: ‘sternople neal tuft con-

sisting of very closely set finer bristly hairs, the apical part of which is

more abruptly curved caudad; tibiae and trochanters piceous or black

($ of longivittata unknown). 2: posterior femora either wholly pale

ferruginous or fuscous (except in ulundi spinidorsis).

102 (103) Dark paramedian vittae of thorax reaching last dc, the short dark median

vitta extending over scutellum. Tibiae of female more or less reddish

sp. n.|

Curr. |

translucent (¢ unknown; ad of mid-tibiae doubtful) : . longivittata sp. n

526 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

103 (102) Dark paramedian vittae of thorax not exceeding the second post dc, the

short dark median vitta not extending over scutellum. Tibiae and

trochanters fuscous, at least in ¢.

104 (105) Paramedian vittae of thorax vestigial. g: dichoptic, the seta at the level

of the anterior ocellus therefore not isolated; mid-femora with dense and

long bristly hairs on basal two-thirds of av, v and pu surfaces . ([devittata sp. n.|

105 (104) Paramedian vittae of thorax conspicuous. ¢ with the frons about half

as wide as an eye and with an isolated reclinate seta at level of anterior

ocellus.

106 (109) Abdomen with conspicuous fuscous spots on at least the first three

segments in addition to dark dots at the base of the setae. g: hind

trochanters with normal setulose hairs; ventrites rather broad and with

numerous erect setulose hairs.

107 (108) Hypopleura bare. g: hind femora without long hairs on ventral surface

[*wroughtoni Mall. |

108 (107) Hypopleura with some fine hairs below and in front of spiracle. ¢: hind

femora with long and rather dense hairs on basal half of ventral surface

[hirtiventris Mall. |

109 (106) Abdomen with vestigial paired spots on the second and third tergites

only, but with conspicuous dark dots at the base of the longer setae.

3: hind trochanters with short spinose closely set setulae of equal length

fulundi Mall.) ... 110

110 (111) g: hind tibiae not markedly compressed, the erect hairs near apex about

half as long as tibial diameter. (2 unknown) : . [ulundi ulundi Mall.|

III (110) g: hind tibiae (Fig. 76) distinctly though not strongly compressed,

especially near middle, the erect v hairs near apex almost as long as tibial

diameter. 9°: posterior femora and tibiae wholly ferruginous, except for an

infuscate suffused dorsal streak on the femora. (Fig. 76)

{ulundi spinidorsis ssp. n.|

112 (91) Anterior post ia absent or, very seldom (in the only available ¢ of hirtipes

metataysalis) present, but slightly posterior to the level of the sa. Thorax

always with 4 distinct vittae to beyond suture and a fifth (median)

vitta from about middle of post part to middle or apex of scutellum.

Basicostal scale light orange. Abdomen without brown lateral spots,

though sometimes with brown dots at the base of the setae. Hind tibiae

with 2 or more equally developed or without any distinct pd. 3: frons

without (reclinate) frontal setae between middle and vertex unless the §

is dichoptic; sternopleurae with a dense tuft of short posteriorly curved

bristles, which is often borne on a mammiform process; hypopygium large,

more or less visible if the fourth abdominal segment is viewed dorsally.

Q: the anterior reclinate upper frontal stronger than the posterior one.

113 (120) Fore tibiae without a p seta, but sometimes with dense long hair.

114 (117) All the femora pale, with or without a suffused dark streak. Paired spots

of abdomen faint or absent. Thoracic vittae less conspicuous, either

brown on a brownish background or rufous on a ferruginous one. Longest

rays of arista only slightly longer than width of third antennal joint.

Jowls more than a third the height of an eye. g: dichoptic; frons 3-4

times as wide as third antennal joint, with 2 reclinate upper frontals,

the anterior of which is the stronger one; sternopleural tuft (Fig. 77) not

borne on a mammiform process; hind tibiae not compressed, but ending

in a short lobate v process, femora and tibiae with rather numerous long

v hairs; lobes of fourth ventrite reddish yellow like the hypopygium,

rounded at apex.

115 (116) Hind tibiae without pd setae.. Mesothorax fuscous with reddish shoulders,

brown vittae and cinereous pollinosity. Femora with a brown streak on

dorsum of apical half or so. g: frons about thrice the width of the third

antennal joint; hind trochanters with a dense patch of short strong stubby ~

setae (Fig. 77) . : : 5 ; : S 3 cyinitaysts sp. 0.

116 (115) Hind tibiae with 2 strong pd setae. Mesothorax wholly ferruginous

with rufous vittae. Femora wholly pale. g: frons about four times the

width of the third antennal joint; hind trochanters with the normal rather

long and thin setulose hairs ; : : : : : [villipes- Mall.)

MUSCIDAE 527

117 (114) Fore femora wholly black. Paired spots of abdomen conspicuous. Thoracic

vittae conspicuous, dark brown on a grey to somewhat cinereous ground.

Longest rays of arista about twice as long as width of third antennal

joint. Jowls less than a third the height of an eye. ¢g: frons less than

thrice as wide as third antennal joint, without reclinate frontals; sterno-

pleural tuft borne on a mammiform process (Fig. 77); fore tibiae densely

villous on v surface; hind tibiae strongly compressed and dilated, broadest

at apical third, the apex not or very bluntly produced; lobes of fourth

ventrite fuscous like the hypopyg xium, ventral part of apex produced into

a narrow process : . [hivtipes Macq.]... 118

118 (119) Posterior femora reddish orange on basal two- thirds; ‘tibiae black, the

middle ones of g often reddish in middle. 3: mid-metatarsus strongly and

evenly dilated to apex, the setae of the fringe as long as the longest setae

of fore femora; hind metatarsus longer and much more dilated, 2} times

as wide as third antennal joint. 2: hind tibiae with 1 av (always ?)

[|hivtipes metatarsalis sp. n.|

119 (118) Posterior femora wholly black, as are all the tibiae and tarsi. g: mid

metatarsus only slightly dilated to apex, the seriate p setae strong but

not reaching half the length of the strongest setae of fore femora; hind

metatarsus shorter and only 14 times as wide as third antennal joint.

: hind tibiae with 2 av (always ?) [hivtipes hirtipes Macq.

120 (113) Fore tibiae with a p seta, without long hairs. Paired abdominal spots

: conspicuous. 3g: sternopleural tuft borne on a mammiform process; hind

tibiae slightly compressed, the inner and outer edges running parallel; the

apex produced into a spiniform v process; the basal half or two-thirds

with some long ad setae; hind metatarsus with longer a setulae, especially

towards apex.

121 (122) Mid and hind femora yellow except for apical third or fourth, fore tibiae

and fore tarsi yellow. m-m with a larger anterior and a smaller posterior

brown spot. g: fore tibiae with an ad seta at apical third and two closely

adjacent ones just before apex, these three setae long, gradually dilated

towards apex, and shortly pointed at tip, fore metatarsus with three

similar but somewhat shorter a setae, one of them at base, the other two

near apex; mid metatarsus fringed with strong and rather long f setulae;

hind femora on v surface and hind tibiae densely villous; lobes of fourth

ventrite yellow at apex, long and rather narrow . [*mivabilis Stein |

122 (121) All femora black as are the tibiae and tarsi. m-—m with a broad brown =

suffusion extending over its whole length and only slightly less intense

at middle. ¢g: fore tibiae only with a few short and evenly pointed ad

setulae; fore and mid metatarsus with normal short hairs; hind femora

and tibiae not villous, the latter only with denser short hair near apex;

lobes of fourth ventrite fuscous like the hypopygium, ventral apex bluntly

pointed (lig. 78) : : : . : : : [mammiufera Sp. 0.

Helina fuscohalterata sp. n. 3°

Length, 3-6-5:8 mm.; of wings, 3:°8-6:5 mm. (the extreme specimens are a

female from Namwamba Valley and a male from Mt. Mgahinga).

Piceous-black with dull brown-red pleural sutures and thin brown dust, rather

shining. Face, coxae and lower part of the sternopleurae more densely greyish-

brown dusted and therefore dull. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous to piceous,

the femora slightly dusted, the tibiae usually more or less testaceous translucent.

Head almost three-fifths to almost four-fifths (4) or one-third to almost

one-half (9) higher than long; occipital profile almost straight in upper half,

moderately (3) or strongly (2) convex in lower half; frontal profile almost

straight in male with the ocellar tubercle rather prominent, slightly convex in

female; facial profile moderately concave as a whole, but the intermediate third

528 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

distinctly somewhat convex (except in some females), as the eyes enter into

the outline; peristomal profile moderately convex; vibrissae at mouth-margin,

not much below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes of male subcontiguous or

virtually contiguous, separated by at most half the width of the third antennal

segment, vertex as wide as ocellar tubercle, anterior extremity of frons twice

as wide; parafrontalia with 3-5 inclinate setae on anterior half and (always ?)

1-2 pairs of minute reclinate setae at narrowest part. Frons of female almost

or fully a third head-width at vertex, two-fifths head-width or slightly wider

at lunula; frontal triangle slightly embossed and moderately shining, reaching

lunula; interfrontalia 5-6 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter with

about 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae and some proclinate setulae, the anterior

reclinate somewhat smaller than the posterior one. Ocellars of male small,

inner and outer verticals indistinct, ocellars and inner verticals of female strong,

outer verticals rather short. Face of male strongly dilated to lower extremity

of eyes, the sides rather conspicuously convex at level of second antennal

segment; face of female slightly dilated with the sides almost straight to lower

extremity of eyes; parafacialia a third to half as wide, jowls less than half as

wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter thrice as long as wide, almost

reaching mouth-margin; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest rays somewhat

longer than the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the prst acr in about 4 irregular rows, the outer ones slightly

stronger and at least as widely separated from each other as from the dc, post

acy in 5-6 irregular rows; prsc fine and not very distinct; 1-+-3 strong dc; both

post 1a well developed, pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally.

Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior s¢f/ strong, lower one

weak, posterior sffl very strong.

Abdomen subconical-truncate in male, ovate with pointed apex in female;

hypopygium of male slightly projecting in lateral view and situated on the

obliquely truncate apical surface of the abdomen, fourth ventrite with a deep

and broad trapezoidal excision, the inner margin of the lobes straight and the

inner part of their apex somewhat pointed. Each segment with a row of

marginals, which are stronger on the posterior segments and less conspicuous

on median part of the second and especially first segment, where in female they

are even indistinct. Third and fourth segments in addition with a row of discals.

Wings (Pl. X, Fig. 8) conspicuously infuscate. 7, passing level of 7—-m, the

latter in male at or beyond three-fifths, in female beyond middle of discal cell;

’4+5, and m very slightly converging at tip, 744; being gradually and slightly

curved backwards and m very slightly, sometimes almost unnoticeably, bent

forwards. Calyptrae pale orange with concolorous border and fringe.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with a row of half-erect longer

a setulae from base to about middle, with 3-5 fine pv on less than basal half

and an a, p and pd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 p setae, the proximal one almost

MUSCIDAE 529

at middle, the distal one almost at apical fourth, hind femur with an ad row,

1-3 weak pu and a row of a few small unevenly spaced av, the last three of which

(and especially the last but one) are stronger, in addition with a p and pd

(almost d) preapical, hind tibia with a rather strong ad at or beyond middle, an

av somewhat further distad and a d and ad preapical.

UcanpDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type,

2 3 paratypes, 3 2 paratypes, 8300 ft., 1 2 paratype; Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori,

7300 ft. (P.W.E.), 1 g paratype; W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.46 (van

Someren), 2 5 paratypes (in coll. van Someren); Kilembe, Ruwenzori, 4500 ft.

(.W.E.), 1 9 (see below); Mt. Mgahinga, Kigezi District, 10,o00-11,000 ft.

(F.W.E.), i 3 paratype, 8000 ft., 1 2 paratype; Mt.Sabinio, Kigesi District,

gooo-10,000 ft. (.W.E.), 1 § paratype, I 9 paratype; Budongo Forest (f7.W.E.),

I 9 (see below). KENYA: Katamayo, Aberdares, 8000 ft. (’.W.E.), 2 g; Nyeri,

x.48 (V. G. L. van Someren) 1 3 (returned to collector); Naivasha, vii.37

(H. J. A. Turner), 2 3, © 9; 1x.39, I 9; iv.40, I J (some returned to the Coryndon

Memorial Museum, Nairobi); Ngong, ii.43 (van Someren, returned to collector),

19. NATAL: Kloof, 3.vii.27 (L. Bevis), x specimen without head and abdomen.

The specimens from Naivasha and Ngong, as well as the only, incomplete,

specimen from Natal, have the halteres dull brownish red, whilst in all the

Uganda specimens and in those from Katamayo they are fuscous-black. The

typical form from the Ruwenzori and the Kigezi District has the wing-base

up to the apex of sc, the bifurcation of ry, and the apex of the second basal cell

yellowish smoky, but in the specimens from Katamayo the base is as infuscate

as the rest of the wing, and a single Ruwenzori specimen (Kilembe) has the

same coloration. Lastly, the only specimen from the Budongo Forest has the

infuscation of the wing much more intensive, the border and fringe of the

calyptrae dark brown, and the tibiae piceous. The species thus tends to develop

local forms, but it is hardly desirable to name these.

The only described Ethiopian Mydaea s. lat. with dark halteres, Spilogaster

anthrax Stein 1906, appears to be very similar to fuscohalterata. However, in

addition to possessing a submedian seta on the front tibiae it differs from it

by its much larger size, being 7 mm. long. The size in connection with the

slightly upcurved m may point to Dichaetomyia, though it is apparently none

of the species distinguished in my key to that genus.1—Sfrlogaster picea Stein

from CAMEROON: Lolodorf would be traced to the present species in the key,

but it, too, is larger (6-5 mm.), and it has yellow antennae.

Helina proxima Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 502.

KeEnyYA: Nairobi, Ngong Forest, 6500 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 ¢.

' Unless the first of the three post dc is small, a character which Stein would probably

have mentioned as he did with the prst dc. In that case anthyayv might be identical with

polita ugandana Emad.

530 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro. In B.M. from: TANGANYIKA:

Ufiomi, 3.vi.16, in well-watered valley (W. A. Lamborn), 2 3; 24 miles south of

Tarengere River, 20.vi.16 (W. A. Lamborn), 1 3. KerNyaA: Naivasha, vii.37

(H.. J. A. Turner), 3.3, I 9; vi.36, 1 9. Seen from Kenya: Nairobi, vii:37

(van Someren), I 3.

The female has not been described before. It has the vertex two-fifths as

wide as head, the frons slightly widened anteriorly, with very strong ocellars

and the other setae as in other females of this genus. The abdomen is of the

usual female shape, and the fourth segment is yellowish on apical third. Mid- and

hind femora brownish testaceous with a complete fuscous dorsal streak. Pattern

as in the male.

[Helina juxtamedialis sp. n. 3 9]

Length, 5:5 (2 6-4) mm.; of wings, 5-0 (2 5:4) mm.

Fuscous-black with dense pale-grey dust. Interfrontalia dull black. Para-

facialia and male parafrontalia silver-white dusted with blackish reflections (a

spot of these reflections at the level of the second antennal segment rather

indistinct in the type but conspicuous in the other two specimens, especially the

female). Mesonotum with a pair of brown-dusted vittae, from neck to level of

the second post dc, to the inner side of the dc, and an interrupted fainter vitta

between the dc on the one hand, and the prst and za on the other; there is also

some brownish dust (especially in the male paratype) between this vitta and the

base of the wing. Abdomen with brown dots at the base of the setae and with

a pair of brown, in male small and somewhat oblong spots, on the second and

third segments, these spots not reaching fore or hind margin but approaching

the latter, fourth segment with a faint narrow brown median vitta except in

type. Antennae, palpi and legs piceous-black.

Head (g) almost or fully three-fifths higher than long; occipital profile

almost straight in upper half, moderately convex below; frontal profile almost

straight and strongly sloping; facial profile moderately concave in lower part;

peristomal profile rather strongly convex and considerably ascending anteriorly,

vibrissae at mouth-margin, level with the lower eye-margins. Frons at narrowest

point about as wide as third antennal segment, a tenth head-width, twice as

wide at vertex and almost thrice as wide at lunula; interfrontalia about twice

as wide as a parafrontale, the latter with 5 rather fine inclinate setae and 2

setulae on slightly more than anterior half (in paratype with 3 stronger setae

on anterior two-fifths). Ocellars moderately strong, verticals indistinct. Face

strongly dilated and with slightly convex sides to lower extremity of eyes;

parafacialia as wide, jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment.

The latter 2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by

almost its own width; arista plumose, the rays rather quickly decreasing

MUSCIDAE 531

in length to apical third, where they are short; longest rays about a quarter

longer than the diameter of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 2 rows of prst acr in type (3-4 in the other two specimens) between

the vittae and 1 between the vittae and the dc, fost acy in about 6 irregular

rows, prsc well developed though rather fine; 2+-3 strong dc; 2 rather strong

post ia (type); pra absent or at least quite indistinct; the other dorsal setae

developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and lower stp/ moder-

ately strong, posterior s/pl very strong, in type and female in addition a

conspicuous though not very strong anterior lower stl.

Abdomen elongate-ovate; hypopygium of male not visible in side-view; first

segment with a row of marginals, which are weak except at sides, second

segment with one or two lateral discals and a row of marginals, third segment

with a row of discals and strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals

and of strong marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish-grey tinge, rather strongly

iridescent. 7, not quite reaching level of 7m, the latter almost at two-thirds

(g paratype three-fifths, 9 beyond middle) of discal cell; 74,; and m markedly

(almost inappreciably in 3g paratype) diverging at apex, both 74,, and m

gradually and slightly curved backwards. Calyptrae greyish (2 whitish)

subhyaline with whitish border and fringe. Halteres dull yellowish red.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with an a row of small setae

from base to beyond middle, 2—4 pv on basal third or so, and an a, d (almost fd),

pd and p preapical, mid-tibia with 2 / setae at and beyond (type) or before

and beyond (other two specimens) middle; hind femur with a well-developed

ad row, a p and fd preapical, and 5 or 6 somewhat unequal outstanding

av setae, only the last of which is strong and forms a very conspicuous

preapical seta, hind tibia with 2 ad and an av (in paratype 2 small av) and

with a d and ad preapical, the latter seta not much longer than tibial

diameter.

CaPE PRovINCcE: Lady Grey, 14.11.24 (R. I. Nel), 3 type. PORTUGUESE

E. AFRICA: east of Mt. Mlanje, 20.xi.13 (S. A. Neave), 1 § paratype. ? ? NyAsa-

LAND: Zomba (H. S. Stannus), I 9.

The male paratype has no antennae. It tallies with the type, but the anterior

post va is absent, and the tibiae are light brown; it is therefore doubtful if it

belongs to this species. The Nyasaland female has no hind legs, but these must

be supposed to be without a fd seta, as it differs from guadriseta by pale tibiae.

Like the male paratype, it has no anterior post za, and it belongs very probably

to the male paratype. The arista of this female is long-plumose to shortly

before tip, and the longest rays are almost twice as long as the diameter of the

third antennal segment. The characters of the key would make all three

specimens to be traced to juxtamedialis, and they are therefore listed here, but

at least the female belongs almost certainly to another species. It has therefore

532 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

not been described in detail, although the characters other than those of sex

have been checked. The frons has two strong inclinate and two reclinate setae,

the anterior reclinate being somewhat smaller.

Helina lenta Curr.

1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 16. z

BELGIAN ConGo: Burunga (1.30° S., 29.18° E.), g type, which I have been

enabled to study by the courtesy of Dr. C. H. Curran. The species is not

otherwise among my material.

Helina usitata sp. n. 9 2

Length, 5-7 (3) and 4-6 (2?) mm.; of wings, 6-0 and 4:2 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately dense whitish-grey and dark-brown polli-

nosity. Interfrontalia dull brown black. Parafrontalia and parafacialia whitish

dusted with dark reflections, especially on a spot at the level of the second

antennal segment. Mesonotum with 4 conspicuous brown vittae, the inner

ones reaching or passing the last de behind but hardly passing the dc laterally,

the outer ones extending from ph (prst in female) to postalar callus and just

or not reaching the anterior fost a interiorly, in addition with a wedge-shaped —

median vitta, which extends forwards, in male to level of second dc, this vitta

at the same time prolonged backwards to apex (3) or middle (2) of scutellum.

Abdomen of male on each segment with a pair of rather large spots, which are

roundish on the first but of the shape of a rectangular triangle on the other

segments, thus leaving a moderately narrow median vitta, the anterior angles

and a narrow lateral margin pale dusted; in female the second and third seg-

ments only with a pair of rather large roundish spots, which touch the hind

margin but do not extend beyond anterior third or fourth; in both sexes in

addition with conspicuous brown-dusted dots at the base of the setae. Antennae,

palpi and legs fuscous, the tibiae testaceous translucent, the femora somewhat

grey dusted.

Head four-fifths (male, possibly less in other specimens, as the type is

somewhat teneral) or two-fifths (2) higher than long; occipital profile slightly (3)

or moderately (2) convex; frontal profile almost straight except at extremity;

facial profile moderately concave and somewhat receding, the vibrissal angles

slightly less projecting than the anterior part of the frons; peristomal profile

moderately convex, somewhat more ascending anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-

margin, somewhat below (? in type raised by shrivelling) level of lower eye-

margins. Frons of male almost as wide at narrowest point as third antennal

segment, equally dilated to vertex and lunula, where it is about twice as wide,

frons of female almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, slightly and evenly

dilated with straight sides to lunula, the interfrontalia thrice as wide at middle

MUSCIDAE 533

as a parafrontale; parafrontalia with 3—4 inclinate setae in anterior two-fifths

(3) or half (2) and in female with 2 reclinate setae in upper half, the anterior

one hardly smaller. Ocellars and inner verticals strong, outer verticals indis-

tinct ($) or weak (2). Face of male moderately strongly dilated with somewhat

convex sides, of female moderately dilated with slightly concave sides; para-

facialia somewhat narrower than, jowls half as wide again as, third antennal

segment. The latter 2-24 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin

by more than half its own width, arista long-plumose to tip, the longest rays

half as long again as width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 5-6 irregular rows before and 6-8 behind suture;

prsc fine or indistinct; 2+3 very strong dc; 2 well-developed, in male rather

strong, post 1a; pra very small and tending to be indistinct; the other dorsal

setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stfl moderately

strong, anterior stf/ rather strong, posterior stpl very strong, anterior lower stp/

quite conspicuous though not very strong.

Abdomen subovate; hypopygium of male slightly projecting, mainly ventral

in position; fourth ventrite deeply and narrowly excised, the excision strongly

pointed, the inner margin of the lobes with fine dense pale golden hair, the

lobes otherwise with black setulae. Each segment with a row of marginals,

which are indistinct on larger median part of the first and second segments,

but very strong on the third and, in male, fourth; the second and third with

a few not very conspicuous lateral discals, the fourth with a row of strong

discals.

Wings subhyaline with a round fuscous suffusion on y-m, a somewhat

smaller one at anterior end of m—m and an even smaller one at its hind end,

the latter two connected by an indistinct suffusion along m—m. 7, almost

reaching level of ym, the latter beyond middle of discal cell. 74; and m parallel

or rather concentrically curved backwards before tip and very slightly diverging

at extreme tip. Calyptrae greyish white, subopaque, border and fringe pale

yellowish. Halteres pale yellowish.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta but with 1-2 small ad; mid-femur with

a conspicuous a row on basal half, an a, fd and d preapical, and in male 4-5, in

female 3 fv on basal half; in female only the last of these pv setae strong;

mid-tibia with 2 rather strong p setae; hind femur with an ad row and

an a, p and fd preapical, in addition in female with 2-3 strong av setae

(o or x at basal fourth, 1 at middle, 1 beyond apical fourth), and in

female with an av row of 6-7 setae, 3 of which in apical half are rather

strong; hind tibia with 2 ad and a somewhat smaller av, which lies at or

slightly beyond level of the distal ad, in addition with a well-developed

d and ad preapical.

Ucanpba: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type. Kenya: Chyulu

Hills, 5400 ft., v.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exped.), 1 2 paratype.

11, 6 (0)

534 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The female has the abdominal spots much smaller and roundish and the

median vitta on the posterior part of the mesonotum much less developed. It

is therefore possible that it belongs to a different species or subspecies.

{Helina auranticornis sp. n. 3 Q]

Length, 5-1-6:5 mm.; of wings, 5:3-6:2 mm.

Fuscous with the anterior and lower part of the head and in female (always ?)

the humeri reddish translucent; cinereous-grey dusted with brown-dusted

pattern. Interfrontalia dull rufous, becoming blackish behind; pollinosity of

head pale golden, especially on face, parafacialia with a spot of brown-red

darker reflections at level of arista, this spot large and conspicuous in female,

but visible in certain directions only in male. Mesonotum with a pair of parallel

brown vittae, which do not pass the level of the second post de behind, and

which remain separated by a strip of pale-grey pollinosity of even width; in

addition with a more or less complete or abbreviated median vitta between

suture and scutellum, and with a brown streak from the level of the first to the

second post dc, between the dc and za lines of setae. Abdomen with a pair of

moderately large roundish or subtriangular spots on the second and third

segments, where a short vestige of a brown median vitta on basal part is also

visible; first segment with less-developed paired spots, fourth with vestiges of

a median vitta or an irregular spot; second to fourth segments in addition

with a brownish spot on lateral surface; lobes of fourth ventrite of male orange

translucent towards apex. Antennae, palpi and legs but for the piceous tarsi

and the infuscate coxae orange, fore femora of male infuscate.

Head almost three-fifths ($) or two-fifths to one-half (2) higher than long;

occipital profile rather convex, though in male almost only in lower half;

frontal profile almost straight except at extremities; facial profile slightly convex

in upper half, moderately concave below, the vibrissal angles projecting almost

as much as the frons; peristomal profile straight in posterior two-thirds, moder-

ately raised in anterior third, vibrissae at mouth-margin and well below level

of lower eye-margis. Frons of male at narrowest part twice as wide as third

antennal segment and almost one-fifth head-width, widened to the extremities

by a third of the smallest frontal width; frons of female more than a third

head-width at vertex, widened in a straight line to lunula, where it is almost

half as wide as head; frontal triangle (2) not reaching lunula; interfrontalia

about 4 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter with 3-4 not very strong

($) or 2(-3) strong inclinate setae on anterior half and 2 reclinate setae, the

anterior one strong, on posterior half (2). Ocellars and inner verticals very

strong, outer verticals rather weak. Face moderately dilated with hardly

convex (3) or very slightly concave (9) sides; parafacialia about as wide, jowls

half as wide again (3) or almost twice as wide (9), as third antennal segment.

The latter 24-3 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more

MUSCIDAE 535

than half its own width; arista long-plumose, the longest rays 14-2 times as

long as the width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with 6 irregular rows of acr before and 6-8 behind suture, prsc rather

small but distinct; 2+ 3 very strong dc; only the posterior post ia present,

rather strong; pra very fine and small; the other dorsal setae developed nor-

mally. Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower stp

strong, posterior stp] very strong, in type and I paratype in addition a weak

but very distinct anterior lower stfl present.

Abdomen ovate, in female somewhat pointed at apex; male hypopygium

somewhat projecting in lateral view from the somewhat obliquely truncate apex,

fourth ventrite rather large and strongly convex, rather prominent, with a

pointed excision, which does not reach middle, the lobes rounded truncate at

apex with a small emargination before apex of inner margin, which faces

ventrad. First and second segments each with 1-2 strong lateral marginals

and weak lateral discals, third with a row of weak or moderately strong discals

and strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and in male strong,

in female weak, marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, ym with a round fuscous

suffusion, anterior end of m—m with a similar somewhat smaller and posterior

end with a considerably smaller suffusion; these. tend to be connected by a

fainter suffusion along m—m. 7, not or (in one paratype) just reaching level of

y—m, the latter slightly beyond (3) or at (2) middle of discal cell; 74,; and m

virtually parallel near apex. Calyptrae greyish white, subopaque with whitish

border and fringe. Halteres whitish, in one paratype pale reddish.

Legs: fore tibia without a seta; mid-femur with an @ row on basal half,

an a, p (almost pd) and pd preapical, and in male with a pv row of 5-6 rather

fine setae from base to beyond middle, which are about as long as the width

of the femur, and in female I or no rather strong pv seta at two-fifths, mid-

tibia with 2 rather strong # setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p, pd and

d preapical, a row of longer fv setulae on apical third or so, and some irregularly

spaced av setae, especially in type and one paratype a strong and a less strong

one near apex, hind tibia with 2 strong ad setae, a well-developed d and ad

preapical, and in female 2(—4) rather small av setae; in male the av and fu

surface with long erect fine setulose hairs with curled apices from basal third

to about apical sixth, the v surface with similar somewhat shorter hairs.

S. RuopEsiA: Vumba Mts., iii.38 (A. Cuthbertson), 3 type; 11.38, I 2 paratype,

13.1.35 (Drysdale), 1 2 paratype.

[Helina caesioides Bezzi]

Typical locality: Er1mREA: AdiCaié. Doubtfully recorded from S. RHODESIA:

Chirinda Forest (Stein). In B.M. from KENyA: Ngong Hills, ti.4o (V. G. L.

van Someren), I 9.

536 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

[Helina pervittata sp.n. ¢9]

Length, 6-8-8-3 mm.; of wings, 6-6-7-9 mm.

Fuscous-black with pale-grey and dark-brown pollinosity. Interfrontalia

dull black; parafrontalia of male and parafacialia silver-white dusted, the latter

with a spot of blackish reflections at level of arista, especially in female.

Mesonotum with a pair of brown-dusted vittae, which extend from neck to

scutellar suture, and which diverge evenly and conspicuously in their entire

length, their outer margin reaching the line of the dc at the last dc; in addition

with a brown streak from behind the ph to or almost to the sa; the mesonotum,

moreover, with some shifting blackish spots and vittae, and the pleurae with

some similar spots. First to third abdominal segments each with a pair of

rather large roundish brown spots, which are separated by a moderately broad

pale-dusted median vitta, and which do not reach fore and hind margins; fourth

segment with a narrow brown median vitta, which extends in male into a broad

suffusion of the disc; second to fourth segments in addition with a brown spot

on ventro-lateral surface (these spots may coalesce longitudinally) ; the base of

the setae with brown dots. Antennae and palpi fuscous, apical third of fore,

and fourth or fifth of posterior, femora, except ventral surface, and the tarsi

piceous, coxae largely infuscate, tibiae more or less browned.

Head (in type somewhat shrunken) in female two-fifths to almost one-half

higher than long at middle of height; occipital profile rather convex; frontal

profile straight; facial profile rather strongly concave, vibrissal angles slightly

more prominent than frons; peristomal profile not very convex in posterior

half, ascending in an almost straight line in anterior half, vibrissae at mouth-

margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male apparently wider

at narrowest part than third antennal segment, almost a quarter head-width

at vertex, with 4-5 inclinate setae in anterior half; frons of female almost

two-fifths head-width at vertex, almost to fully one-half head-width at lunula,

sides straight; frontal triangle (9) reaching anterior fourth, interfrontalia at

middle 4 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter with 3-4 inclinate setae _

in anterior half and with 2 reclinate setae, the anterior one much shorter, on

posterior half. Ocellars of male long, of female long and strong; inner verticals

of male not very strong; of female very strong; outer verticals of male small

but distinct, of female moderately strong. Face of male rather strongly, of

female moderately, dilated with the sides almost straight, in female in lower

part slightly concave; parafacialia as wide, jowls about twice as wide, as third

antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest

rays almost half as long again as width of third antennal segment.

Thorax (Fig. 59) with the acr in 6 irregular rows before and in about 8 behind

suture, prsc more or less indistinct; 2+3 very strong dc; both fost 7a present,

MUSCIDAE 537

(

Fic. 59.—Helina pervittata sp. n., 9. Lateral view. , anterior preapical of

mid-femur.

538 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the anterior one very strong; pra absent or indistinct; second mpl considerably

shorter than anterior one; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Pro-

pleural, prostigmatal, lower and anterior lower stf/ all moderately strong,

anterior (upper) stf/ strong, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen ovate, in female with somewhat pointed apex; male hypopygium

not distinctly prominent, fourth ventrite angularly excised to middle, the inner

margin of the lobes especially at apex densely beset with rather erect pointed

moderately strong but not very long setae, their length increasing on inner

and apical margins to the bend joining these margins. First and second seg-

ments each with 1-2 strong lateral marginals and weaker lateral discals, third

with a row of strong marginals and rather weak discals, fourth with a row of

strong discals, and in male strong, in female weak, marginals.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat ochreous-smoky, with a roundish fuscous

suffusion on 7-m and with m—m suffused in its entire length, the suffusion being

deeper at its extremities. 7, not quite reaching level of vm, the latter at or

beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and m very slightly converging (hardly in

male) somewhat before tip, slightly diverging at extreme tip. Calyptrae greyish

white, subopaque, with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta and with 2 small, in male rather indistinct,

ad setae; mid-femur with a row of a setae on basal half, an a and 3-4 p to d

preapicals, and on basal two-fifths with 3-4 fv, which increase in length to the

most distal one, mid-tibia with 2 rather strong p setae; hind femur with an aid

row, an a, p and pd (almost d) preapical, with 1-3 rather fine pv and an irregular

row of av, in which 4 setae and especially a preapical one are stronger, the

others being weak, hind tibia with 2 ad near middle and an av slightly more

apicad than the second of these (on one hind leg of the type a third ad is present

slightly apicad of the av).

Kenya: Chyulu Hills, 5600 ft., vi.38, g type, I 2 paratype; vii.38, I Q

paratype (Coryndon Mus. Exped.) (i paratype returned to Coryndon Memorial

Museum, Nairobi).

[Helina icterica Ség.]

Anacanthiptera ictevica Séguy, 1937, Gen. Ins. Fasc. 205: 316.

Typical locality: CAMEROONS: N.E. Djang range. In B.M. from: Onyanga,

Mt. Cameroon, 5400 ft., 28.1.32, by sweeping (IM. Steele), 1 3.

Séguy described the species as the type of his genus Anacanthiptera, probably

mainly on account of the presence of some small hairs on the hypopleura. It is

not possible, however, to separate the species from Helzna s. str.

[Helina spinulicosta Emd.]

Described from ApyssIntaA, see Ann. Mag. nat Hist. (11) 14: 476-479, Fig. 5 (1948).

Since seen from KENyA: Teita Hills, viii.47 (van Someren) 1 3. :

MUSCIDAE 539

Helina quadrispina sp. n. 3°

Length, 7:1-8:2 mm.; of wings, 6-8-7-6 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately thick whitish-grey dust and a brown-dusted

dark pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with slight whitish reflections; para-

facialia silver-white dusted with a conspicuous spot of blackish reflections at

level of arista. Mesonotum with a pair of brown-dusted vittae, which broaden

and diverge slightly behind suture, and which reach the pore of the last dc and

the scutellar suture, being continued in a semicircular pattern on scutellum,

at least in male, the scutellar pattern being faint or indistinct in the two females

at hand; in addition with a broad but somewhat less well-defined vitta outwards

of the dc, extending from the ph to the posterior callosity and from inwards

of the za to outwards of the sa, Abdomen with a pair of spots on the anterior

three segments, these spots brown and not very conspicuous in dorsal view,

roundish in female, elongate triangular in male, in the latter sex fuscous-black

and very conspicuous in posterior view; fourth segment with a moderately

broad dark median vitta. Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous-black, femora of

male fuscous with the knees narrowly pale ferruginous, of female pale ferru-

ginous with a fuscous suffusion on apical third or more of d surface, tibiae

testaceous, somewhat infuscate in male.

Head of male one-half to almost three-fifths, of female one-third to over

two-fifths, higher than long; occipital profile moderately convex; frontal profile

straight with the extremities somewhat convex; facial profile moderately

concave in lower part, the vibrissal angles not sharply and somewhat less

strongly produced than frons; peristomal profile straight or moderately convex

in posterior two-thirds, the anterior third almost straight and moderately raised

to vibrissae, the latter at mouth-margin and somewhat below level of lower

eye-margins. Eyes with rather distinct and numerous short hairs; frons of male

one-seventh to one-eighth head-width at narrowest part, more than a fifth at

vertex and almost a fourth to almost a third head-width at lunula, interfrontalia

3-4 times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter with 4—5 strong inclinate setae;

frons of female less than two-fifths head-width at vertex, dilated, with almost

straight sides, to lunula, where it is more than two-fifths (0-44) head-width,

frontal triangle drawn out into a narrow point, which reaches anterior third of

frons, interfrontalia at middle about 3 times the width of a parafrontale, the

latter with 3—4 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior of the latter

much smaller, in addition with proclinate setulae in 1-2 irregular rows. Ocellars

strong and long, inner verticals strong in female, weak or moderately strong in

male, outer verticals very weak in male, moderately strong in female. Face

strongly dilated in male with the sides very slightly convex above, moderately

dilated in female with the sides almost straight; parafacialia as wide, jowls

14-2 times as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long

540 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by fully (3), or less than (9), its own

width; arista long-plumose, the longest rays a quarter to a half longer than the

width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 6-8 irregular rows before and 8 behind suture; prsc

small but distinct; 2+-3 very strong dc; anterior post 7a very strong, posterior

one rather strong; pra absent to indistinct, sa and posterior postalar unusually

strong; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal

and anterior lower stf/ moderately strong, anterior and lower stfl strong,

posterior one very strong. _ ;

Abdomen of male elongate, parallel-sided or very slightly narrowed to apex

of third segment, fourth trapezoidal with somewhat rounded apex, hypopygium

slightly visible in profile, fourth ventrite triangularly excised in apical two-fifths,

the lobes with almost straight inner margins; abdomen of female ovate with

pointed apex. First and second segments each with 1-2 strong and 1-2 weaker

lateral marginals, which on the second segment are continued in a weakly

developed marginal row; in addition with some less strong lateral discals, which

in male are connected by a few weak discals on dorsal surface; third segment

with a row of strong marginals and not very strong discals, fourth with a row

of strong discals and of strong ($) or weak (2) marginals.

Wings (Pl. X, Fig. 9) subhyaline with a brownish tinge, ym with a rounded

fuscous suffusion, m-—m with a less intensive suffusion over its entire length,

though it is less conspicuous posteriorly. 7, virtually reaching level of r—m,

the latter at or slightly beyond middle of discal cell; 74;; and m almost concen-

trically curved backwards or slightly diverging at middle of last section of m,

but always more or less diverging at tip. Calyptrae rather subopaque, yellowish

smoky with pale ochreous border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish-yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta and 2 small ad setae; mid-femur with an a row

on basal half, 2-4 pu setae, the last or last but one of which is the strongest,

on basal third, and an a, f, pd and almost d preapical, mid-tibia with 2 rather

strong ~ setae; hind femur with a well-developed ad row, an a, p and fd pre-

apical, I or 2 small and fine pv, and about 6 unequal av, of which 1 or 2 may

be moderately strong in addition to the last one, which is developed as a strong

preapical, hind tibia with 2 ad and, at or slightly beyond the level of the more

distal one, an av, in addition with a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

2 3, 2 2 paratypes.

Helina quadriseta Ad.

Spilogastey quadviseta Adams 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 3: 203.

Helina quadriseta Ad., Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 15.

Typical locality: S. RHODESIA: Salisbury. Recorded from: NATAL: New

Hanover. CAPE Province: Lake Side. In B.M. from: YEMEN. ABYSSINIA.

MUSCIDAE 541

NATAL: Weenen, 2840 ft., iii.24 (1. P. Thomasset), 1 2. CAMEROONS: Mt.

Cameroon, 1st Plateau, 10,000—12,000 ft., 12.1.32 (Miss M. Steele), 1 9; Mann’s

Quelle, 7400 ft., 1.11.32, at light (Miss M. Steele), 1 9; 2-4.11.32, on grassland

(Miss M. Steele), 1 3, 1 9. S. Ruopesta: Shangani, De Beer’s Ranch, v.32

(Miss A. Mackie), 1 8. TRANSVAAL: Louis Trichardt, iv.32 (Miss A. Mackie),

lic. 61.—Helina quadriseta Ad. Male genitalia.

Tlic. 60.—Helina quadviseta Ad. (a) superior forceps; (b) inferior forceps; (c) penis;

Dorsal view of left hind tibia. (d) posterior paramere; (e) anterior paramere, Leitz

Abbreviations as in text. eyepiece 4, objective 3. Scale o-r mm.

I g. CAPE PROVINCE: Ceres, ii.32 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 3; Montagu Pass, 4.xi.31

(Miss A. Mackie), 1 9. NyASAvAND: Zomba (H. S. Stannus), 1 3. Seen from:

CAPE PROVINCE: Stellenbosch, 24.v.32 (Ch. K. Brain), 1 3.

I have been enabled by Dr. C. H. Curran to study a specimen from Lake

Side compared by him with Adams’s type.

Helina coniformis Stein

Spilogaster coniforymis Stein 1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: ror.

n. syn. Spilogaster latifvons Adams 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 8: 204.

n. syn. Mydaea acuta Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 503.

Helina latifrons Ad., Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 15.

542 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Ucanba: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3; Nyamgasani Valley,

6400 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 22; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3.

Typical localities: EGypr: Cairo; Luxor; Assiut; Assuan; of latifrons, the

type of which was kindly lent to me by Dr. C. H. Curran: S. RHODEsIA:

Salisbury; of acuta: ABYSSINIA: Urso (type seen). NataL: Durban. TRANs-

VAAL: Silverton (typical specimen seen). Recorded from: ADEN. TRANSVAAL:

Barberton; Pretoria. CAPE PROVINCE: East London; Peddie. S. RHODESIA:

Lomagundi; Bindura; Victoria Falls. In B.M. from: W. ADEN PROTECTORATE.

NATAL: Weenen, v.24 (H. P. Thomasset), 8 3, 1 9, xil.23-1.24, I g; I Q; i124,

I Q; iv.24, I Q; ili-iv.25, I 9; x1.29, I 9. CAPE PROVINCE: Mossel Bay, vi-vii.30

(R. E. Turner), t g. TANGANYIKA: W. Kilimanjaro, Ngare—Nairobi, 4000—

S. RHODESIA: Mt. Chirinda, 3800 ft., 1910-11 (C. F. M. Swynnerton), 1 6,

1 9. W. UGANDA: Bwamba, iv.44 (V. G. L. van Someren), 6 3, 1 2. KENYA:

Naivasha;vu.37 (H. J. As Turner), 28. 3,22 23- vi30;,.0 dy 2.95/ vii36, 2:9;

Karura, vi.37, caught on Lantana (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 $; Nairobi, vii.30

(V.G.L. van Someren), 15 3, 3 2; vil.37, 12; Ngong, ix.35 (V. G. L. van Someren),

2 Q; 11.43, I g; v.36 (Miss M. Steele),

/ L..¢::.Seen from: = Sudan: Tokar,

12.11.29: (Ri--Cz; Ml. Darling), 1 2:

Shendi, 20.iv.36, from Rigla (A. H.

Hussein), 2 9; Shambat, 29.vii.31,

on berseem (H. W. Bedford), 1 9.

UcanpDaA: Liva, 1.38, 1 9. KENYA

(J.¢ 1 Roberis);, 1 Os near Kamar

7.V.32 (E. A. Lewis), 2 2; Kampala,

I 2; 23.v.38, aeroplane from Mom-

basa (H. Wilkinson), 1 9; Kabete,

13.1.19 (I. J. Anderson), I §; Ruiru,

TO Vi32- (Hs. Co James) iano

: Kiambu, 25.vi.31 (R. H. Le Pelley),

Fic. 62.—Helina coniformis Stein. Male 1G. Natar: Kloof, 3-Vil.27 (L.

Semeur ae forceps a (2) inenen Bevis), 1 9. TRANSVAAL: Pretoria,

@) antenok Fearatnere. Leitz SJepiece We 6.11.23 (L. Faure), 1 9.

objective 3. Scale o-r mm, The two specimens from Nam-

wamba Valley are very pale with

the abdominal spots very inconspicuous. In Kenya a very dark form is

common, in which especially the legs are darker, the tibiae being often

piceous in male and strongly infuscate in female. The male genitalia of this

dark form do not differ from those of normal specimens (Fig. 62). A

considerable degree of colour-variation was also observed by Stein in his

typical specimens.

MUSCIDAE Gyat

SS)

Helina fasciata Jaen.

Spilogastery fasciata Jaennicke 1867, Abhandl. Senckenb. Ges. 6: 370.

n. syn. Mydaea multiplicata Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 404.

n. syn. Helina elgonensis Séguy 1938, Miss. scient. Omo 4, Zool.: 373.

Ucanpa: Imatong Mts., 8000-9000 ft., 11.36 (D. R. Buxton), 2 g, 1 9.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (7.W.E.), 1 3; Aberdares, Mt.

Kinangop, 13,000 ft., 28.x.34, on Senecio brassicaeformis or aberdarica (J.

Lord) x9.

Typical locality: AByssiniA; of multiplicata: CAPE; of elgonensis: KENYA:

Chip Charangani, Marakwet, 3500 m.; Elgon Saw Mill, Mt. Elgon, east side,

2470 m. Recorded from: KENYA: Lagari (by Malloch), the specimens (in B.M.)

bearing the additional data “‘ mile 469, 1.1ii-21.v.1900”’. In B.M. from: KENyA:

Kiptiget, 7000 ft., 11.27 (V. G. L. van Someren). Seen from: KENYA: Nairobi,

11.30 (V. G. L. van Someren) ; Kinangop, vi.30 (H. J. A. Turner).

The specimen collected by J. Ford has apparently never had the fd of the

hind tibiae, the / of the front tibiae and the auxiliary prostigmatal. However,

it is in rather poor condition, and it is difficult to judge some of its characters

reliably. It is rather remarkable that Stein compared his lucida carefully with

Jaennicke’s description, but did not mention fasciata in describing multiplicata,

though the characters mentioned for his multiplicata are almost exactly those

by which fasciata differs from lucida, only the prst spots are apparently somewhat

more broadly separated, the grey pollinosity of the scutellum reaches the base,

and the palpi are pale. I have not seen South African specimens, but if they

normally show these deviations multiplicata may prove to be a subspecies.

Séguy has apparently identified lucida Stein as fasciata Jaen., which would

explain the differences described and figured between. his fasciata and his

elgonensis.

[Helina lucida Stein]

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 493.

Typical localities: TRANSVAAL: Pretoria; Threesisters. Necorded from:

ANGOLA: Benguella, 300 miles from coast: Bihé. BELGIAN Conco: Ruwe (by

Malloch). In B.M. from: Benguella and Ruwe. Kenya: Nairobi, 27.v.27

(Symes and Hopkins), 1 9; Ngong, ix.35, I 9, ix.38, 1 g (van Someren). NyAsa-

LAND: ex pupa in cow-dung, 9 emerged 12., 9.15.11.32 (W.A. Lamborn); Blantyre,

7.vii.10 and v.10 (J. E. S. Old), 2 g. Nata (Natal Mus.), 1 9; Estcourt, 13.11.13

(Rk. C. Wroughton), 1 9; Pietermaritzburg (Natal Mus.), 1 3; Weenen, 2840 ft.,

vi-vii.23 (H. P. Thomasset), 3 §, 19. N.W. RuopesiA: Chipongwe, Demu River,

27.V.13 (R. C. Wood), 19. S. RHODESIA, 1929-30, on honey-dew (A. Cuthbertson),

tg; Vumba Mts., 29.1.35 (Drysdale), 1 §. CAPE PROVINCE: Queenstown (E. 7.

Wells), 1 3. Seen from: KENYA (J. J. Roberts), 1 9; Nairobi, 1933 (C. B. Symes),

I 2; Naivasha, iii.4o (H. J. A. Turner), 1 3. S. Ruopesta: Lomagundi, 11.vii.32

544 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

(Alex. Cuthbertson), 1 3; Gota Gota, Urungwe, 16.1x.38 (J. G. Clarkson), 1 9.

TRANSVAAL: Pretoria, 22.x.21,(J.C. Faure), 1g. Eritrea: Asmara, 15.iv.48

(G. de Lotto), i 3, 3 9.

The Pietermaritzburg specimen and one of the Ngong and Nyasaland

specimens have no # seta on the front tibiae. In the case of the Nyasaland

specimen two examples have been reared from pupae found in cow-dung and

labelled by W. A. Lamborn with the same number (1233), one possessing the

seta, the other not. Malloch (1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 9: 277) commented

on the biology of this species.

[Helina mallochiana sp. n. 9]

Idiopygus hirtipes Macq., Malloch, 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 231 (pars).

Length, 6-8 mm.; of wings, 6-8 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense grey dust and a brown-dusted pattern.

Interfrontalia fuscous (head somewhat teneral), parafacialia with a large spot

of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment. Mesonotum (Fig. 63)

with a pair of almost parallel paramedian vittae from neck nearly to level of

second post dc, a median vitta from about suture to almost apex of scutellum,

coalescing anteriorly with the paramedian vittae, and a sublateral vitta from

ph to prst and suture, dividing at suture into a narrow but conspicuous interior

arm, which extends in the general direction of the subbasal scutellar seta and

ends at level of second post dc, and a broader exterior arm, which exceeds the

sa; the postalar callosity brown at the pores of the setae. Abdomen with the

shadow of a small paired spot on the second segment and with brown dots at

the base of the strong setae. Antennae, palpi, coxae, tarsi and fore femora

fuscous, fore tibiae strongly, posterior tibiae moderately, infuscate, posterior

femora with a fuscous-brown apical spot, except on v surface.

Head more than a third higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly

convex, frontal profile apparently straight, facial profile considerably concave,

vibrissal angles almost as much projecting as frons, peristomal profile slightly

convex on posterior two-thirds, somewhat more strongly ascending anteriorly,

vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons

(Fig. 63) almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, hardly dilated with straight

sides to lunula, where it is two-fifths head-width; frontal triangle elongate,

almost reaching lunula, interfrontalia 2-3 times as wide at middle as a para-

frontale, the latter with 2 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior

reclinate distinctly the stronger, in addition with a partly double row of pro-

clinate black setulae on anterior half. Ocellars (to judge from the pores) and

outer verticals moderately strong, inner verticals strong. Face not much dilated

with the sides increasingly concave below, parafacialia more than half as wide,

jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter 24 times as long

MUSCIDAE 545

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than its own width; arista long-

plumose, the longest rays somewhat longer than width of third antennal segment.

Fic. 63.—Helina mallochiana sp. n., 2 type. Dorsal view of head and thorax.

Thorax (Fig. 63) with the acy in about 5 irregular rows before and 7-8 behind

suture, prsc fine but conspicuous, 2+-3 very strong dc; 2 strong 7a, the anterior

546 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

one well behind level of first post dc, nearer level of sa; second nl rather short ;

pra absent ; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal

and lower stpl rather strong, anterior stpl strong, posterior very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate with subacuminate apex, first and second segments

with 1-2 lateral marginals, the second also with 1-2 smaller lateral discals,

third with a row of discals and a row of very strong marginals, each row on

d surface consisting of only 3 pairs of setae, fourth segment with a row of

strong discals and a row of weak marginals, which are rather indistinct among

the long setulose hairs in the vicinity of the tip of the abdomen.

Wings not very hyaline, with a brownish tinge, y-m with a not very large

round fuscous suffusion, and m—m with a not very intensive suffusion at each

end, rv, not nearly reaching level of ym, the latter beyond middle of discal cell;

7/445 and m somewhat diverging at apex. Calyptrae subopaque, greyish with

whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale yellow. _

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta and 2 small ad; mid-femur with a row of rather

short a setae from base to middle and a stronger seta almost at middle, an a

and 4 p to pd (almost d) preapicals and a conspicuous pv at basal third, mid-tibia

with 2 # setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd preapical, a moderately

strong av (almost a) towards basal fourth, and a strong av beyond middle and

at apical fourth, hind tibia with 2 strong ad, a not very strong av, level with

the distal ad, 2 rather small but well-developed pd about level with the 2 ad,

and with a strong d and ad preapical.

N. NYASALAND: Nvike Plateau, 30.viii.og (J. B. Davey), 2 type. The type

was considered to be the female of Jdiopygus hirtipes Macq. by Malloch, and

was described as such. Although mallochiana has an isolated position in the

present section of Helina, it is in no way related to H. hirtipes, in which only

one post 1a and no hind tibial fd are present, and in which the stfl are arranged

in an isosceles triangle.

Helina fuscibasis sp.n. 3°

Length, 4-°8-6-9 mm.; of wings, 4:5-6-6 mm.

Fuscous-brown with dark brown, on the abdomen greyish-brown, pollinosity.

Interfrontalia dull black, slightly velvety; clypeus and jowls, in female also

occiput, greyish dusted. Thorax with somewhat shifting reflections, the usual

pair of darker vittae between the dc not or hardly indicated, in posterior view

with a pair of more densely brown-dusted vittae over the dc and often a similar

median vitta; in female more greyish-brown dusted. Abdomen greyish-brown

dusted, the disc often more brownish, sometimes in the shape of a slight broadly

triangular suffusion. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the mid- and hind tibiae

sometimes dull ferruginous translucent.

Head of male about two-fifths, of female about one-third higher than long ;

occipital profile of male moderately, of female rather strongly, convex; frontal

MUSCIDAE 547

profile straight; facial profile somewhat convex above, moderately concave

below, the vibrissal angles somewhat less projecting than the frons; peristomal

profile almost straight or moderately convex in posterior two-thirds, moder-

ately ascending but almost straight in anterior third, the vibrissae at mouth-

margin and slightly below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male about

one-tenth head-width at narrowest point, twice as wide at vertex and about

3 times as wide at lunula, parafrontalia with 4-7 inclinate setae on anterior

half or less; frons of female two-fifths head-width at vertex, somewhat more

than two-fifths at lunula, very slightly dilated in an almost straight line, with

3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior of the latter weaker than the

posterior one, in addition with an irregular row of proclinate setulae. Ocellars

and inner and outer verticals of male thin but moderately long and quite

distinct, of female long and strong, but for the outer verticals, which are only

moderately strong. Face strongly dilated with almost straight, in female

slightly concave, sides, parafacialia in male almost, in female fully, as wide as

third antennal segment, jowls more than half as wide again as that segment.

Third antennal joint 2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin

by about half its own width; arista plumose with the rays evenly decreasing

in length from basal third to apex, the longest rays as long as or slightly longer

than the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in about 6 irregular rows, prsc weak or indistinct ;

2+3 strong and very long dc; 2 strong post 1a; pra absent; posterior npl con-

siderably shorter than the anterior one; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower

stpl strong, auxiliary anterior lower sé// weak, posterior s¢p/ very strong.

Vic. 64.—Helina fuscibasis sp. n. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps; ()) inferior

forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (c) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-t mm,

Abdomen oblong-ovate in male, ovate with somewhat pointed apex in

female; hypopygium of male not projecting, fourth ventrite (Fig. 64 ¢) with a

triangular excision, which occupies somewhat less than apical half, and the base

548 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of which is dilated to form a small inverted triangle; the resulting lobes thus

broadly and obliquely truncate with the inner part of the base and the outer

margin of the apical part rounded. First segment with a few lateral marginals,

second with a few lateral discals and strong lateral marginals, in male with a

more or less distinct marginal row, third with a rather irregular row of not

very strong discals and a row of strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong

discals and in male strong, in female rather weak, marginals.

Wings strongly infuscate at base and fore margin, the rest somewhat smoky,

y-m and m—m strongly suffused, the suffusion of m-—m equally intensive on its

whole length. 7, almost reaching to slightly exceeding level of y—-m, the latter

at or beyond middie of discal cell; 74; and m slightly and gradually curved

backwards in concentric curves, the extreme tips hardly noticeably diverging.

Calyptrae subopaque, greyish white with pale ochreous or whitish border and

fringe. Halteres pale yellowish.

Legs: fore tibia with a # seta; mid-femur with an a row in basal half, an a,

p, pd, and sometimes indistinct pd (almost d) preapical, and 2-5 pv setae in

basal third, the most basal ones weak but the other 1-3 moderately strong,

mid-tibia with 2 p and a small ad seta; hind femur with a dense strongly

developed ad row, an a, p and pd (almost d) preapical, some more or less widely

spaced av of unequal size, among which a preapical is strongly developed, and

in male 2~3 weak pv setae, hind tibia with 2 ad and I or 2 av and with a strong

d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 13 3

paratypes; Alpine Zone, 12,000-13,000 ft., g type, 2 paratype. UGANDA: Mt.

Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., vili.34 (J. Ford), 4 3, 2 2 paratypes; on Lobelia

aberdarica, 1 2 paratype; Mutangi, 11,500 ft., vili.34 (J. Ford), 2 3, 12 paratypes;

Mt. Elgon, 10,000 ft., 10.11.34 (H. B. Johnston), 1 3 paratype; Bulambuli,

6.V.32 (E. G. Gibbins), 2 3 paratypes. KENYA: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop,

10,000 ft., ix.34 (F.W.E.), 7 9 paratypes; Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.),

4 $ paratypes, 10,500-11,500 ft., 28.x.34, 5 ¢ paratypes.

In the Aberdare specimens the dust on the parafacialia and to a “lesser

extent on the parafrontalia shows silver-white reflections, whilst in the other

material at hand these are greyish brown. In some of the Mt. Elgon specimens

the dust is less dark and the posterior tibiae more markedly reddish.

Helina brunnescens sp. n. 3$@

Length, 6-0-6-4 mm.; of wings, 6-0-6-7 mm.

Fuscous, the margins of the mesonotum and of the scutellum, and the pleurae

somewhat dull testaceous translucent, body with greyish-brown dust. Inter-

frontalia dull black; frontal triangle (2) with whitish reflections. Mesonotum

with the beginning of the usual 2 dark (less dusted) vittae between the dc on

MUSCIDAE 549

prst part, in certain directions these appear extended backwards as 2 faint

brown vittae, which are slightly curved outwards, so that they terminate at

the third post dc without covering the pore of the first and second. Abdomen

uniformly brownish-grey dusted. Antennae fuscous; palpi of male testaceous

with fuscous apex, of female wholly fuscous; legs testaceous with fuscous tarsi;

coxae largely infuscate, femora of female with a dark-brown narrow dorsal

streak, of male apparently not or only slightly browned along the dorsal edge.

Head of male almost one-half, of female one-third, higher than long; occipital

profile moderately convex, in male almost straight in upper half; frontal profile

almost straight; facial profile somewhat concave below, the vibrissal angles not

much produced and distinctly less projecting than the frons; peristomal profile

moderately convex, the anterior third truncate and somewhat more strongly

raised; vibrissae at mouth-margin and somewhat below level of lower eye-

margins. Frons of male not much more than half as wide at narrowest part as

third antennal segment or one-seventeenth head-width, dilated to thrice the

width at vertex and 5 times at lunula, with 6-7 inclinate setae, 1-2 of which

are very small; in female just over a third head-width at vertex, slightly over

two-fifths head-width at lunula; frontal triangle slightly passing middle; inter-

frontalia thrice as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 inclinate

and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate somewhat weaker than the posterior

one, in addition with an irregular row of proclinate setulae, the most anterior

ones of which are somewhat longer. Ocellars rather long, inner and outer

verticals of male fine but moderately long, inner verticals of female strong,

outer verticals of female moderately strong. Face rather strongly dilated, in

male with rather markedly convex, in female with distinctly concave, sides;

parafacialia of male almost, of female fully, as wide, jowls more than half as

wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter not much more than twice

as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin in male by half, in female by

almost fully, its width; arista plumose with the length of the rays rather evenly

decreasing from basal third to tip, the longest rays slightly shorter than the

diameter of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in about 6 irregular rows in front of and about 8 behind

suture; prsc fine but distinct; 2+-3 strong dc; 2 strong post ia, the anterior of

which is stronger; pra absent; posterior nfl shorter than anterior one; the

other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and

lower stpl moderately strong, posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen of male elongate-ovate with rather parallel sides, of female ovate

with acuminate apex. First and second segments with a few lateral marginals

and discals, one of the marginals being strong, the second segment in male

with a weak marginal row, third segment with a few lateral discals and a row

of strong marginals, fourth with a row of discals and marginals, the latter rather

weak in female ($ genitalia, Fig. 65).

II, 6 (p)

550 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge; 7—m with a roundish fuscous

suffusion ; m-—m suffused in its entire length. 7, not (2) or virtually (g$) reaching

level of v-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 74,, and m very slightly

diverging at extreme tip, subparallel before

vee Ry tip. Calyptrae greyish subopaque with pale

: . \ ochreous border and fringe. Halteres pale

ees, yellowish.

Legs: fore tibia with a rather strong p

i yy (and at the same level a very small ad) seta;

y y ic mid-femur with an a row of short setae from

G ea base to beyond middle, about 6 fine and

b. short av setae in basal two-fifths, about 5

Fic. 65.—Helina brunnescens sp. n. (3) or 3 (9) pu setae in basal half, of which

Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps; — the distal 2-3 ($) or 1 (9) are rather strong,

(b) inferior forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, ena

objective 3.. Scale o-1 mm. an a, p, pd and a small or indistinct pd

(almost d) preapical, mid-tibia with an ad

and 2 p setae; hind femur with a strong ad row, an a, p and fd preapical and

an irregular av row of 5-6 setae, among which there is a strong preapical one

at apical fifth, hind tibia with 2 ad and 1-2 av setae and a strong d and ad

preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon: Forest Zone, 8500 ft. (.W.E.), 3 type, I g paratype;

Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 Q paratype.

This is perhaps only a pale form of fuscibasis, however, a conclusive com-

parison of the male terminalia is not possible as the male paratype has lost its

abdomen, and as the type is teneral.

[Helina turneri sp. n. J]

Length, 5-6 mm.; of wings, 5-4 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately dense grey dust, general coloration appear-

ing rather dark grey. Interfrontalia dull black, parafacialia and parafrontalia

appearing silver-white in dorsal view of the insect. Disc of mesonotum suffused

with dark-brown dust. Second and third abdominal segments each with a large

subtriangular dark-brown suffusion, fourth largely dark brown suffused.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous-black.

Head more than two-fifths higher than long, occipital profile slightly convex,

almost straight in upper half and lower fourth; frontal profile almost straight

pexcet at anterior extremity; facial profile slightly concave below, the vibrissal

angles only slightly produced, but as much projecting as frons; peristomal

profile moderately and rather evenly convex, vibrissae inserted at mouth-

margin, not much below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes with rather sparse

but distinct hairs, separated by one-ninth head-width in front of ocellar tubercle,

MUSCIDAE 551

by more than one-fifth head-width at vertex,.and by one-fourth at lunula;

interfrontalia 4 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter on anterior

half with 4—5 inclinate setae. Ocellars long and strong; inner and outer verticals

moderately long and rather fine, but both very distinct. Face rather strongly

dilated with the sides almost straight, just noticeably convex at middle; para-

facialia almost as wide, jowls almost twice as wide, as third antennal segment.

The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by

almost its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the rays becoming con-

spicuously shorter in apical quarter only, longest rays almost twice as long as

width of middle of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 6 irregular rows before and 7-8 behind suture; prsc

rather short but distinct ; 2+ 3 strong dc; 2 strong 7a; pra fine but quite distinct

on one side of the type; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural,

prostigmatal, anterior and lower stfl moderately strong, auxiliary (lower

anterior) stp/ rather fine, posterior stp/ very strong.

Fic. 66.—Helina turneri sp. n. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps; (b) inferior

forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (c) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-I mm.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, somewhat flattened; superior forceps obliquely

truncate at apex (Fig. 66 a). First and second segments with 1 or 2 strong lateral

marginals and weaker lateral discals, third with 3 pairs of small discals and

strong marginals, which form complete transverse rows, fourth with a row of

strong discals and marginals.

Wings greyish subhyaline, ochreous at base up to /, somewhat smoky along

fore margin up to 7,3; 7-m with a roundish fuscous suffusion, m—m broadly

fuscous suffused. 7, slightly exceeding level of y-m, the latter at middle of

discal cell; 74;,; and m curved backwards in almost concentric shallow curves,

the curvature of the former being just noticeably stronger, the extreme tips

very slightly diverging. Calyptrae ferruginous yellow with concolorous border

and fringe. Halteres pale ochreous yellow.

552 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Legs: fore tibia with a small p seta; mid-femur with a row of rather short

but quite strong a setae from base to beyond middle, an a, p, pd and pd (almost

d) preapical, 5 small av on basal two-fifths and 4 pv, the last two of which are

quite strong, on basal third or so, mid-tibia with an ad and 2 p setae; hind

femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd preapical, 2-3 rather fine widely spaced

pv, and an irregular av row, which terminates in a preapical that is twice as

long as the other setae in this row, hind tibia with an av and 2 ad setae and

a rather strong ad and d preapical.

Kenya: Londiani, v.36 (H. J. A. Turner), 3 type.

Helina pruinosicollis sp. n. 39

Length, 4-4—6:5 mm.; of wings, 4:-3-6-3 mm.

Fuscous-black with not very dense grey dust, the thorax appearing dark

bluish grey, the abdomen more brownish grey, the thorax anteriorly with the

beginning of a pair of darker, less dusted vittae. Antennae, palpi and legs

fuscous. (In the male paratype from Bulambuli the tibiae testaceous and the

thorax more brownish dusted.)

Head two-fifths to one-half higher than long; occipital profile slightly (3)

or moderately (9) convex; frontal profile straight ; facial profile not very concave,

the vibrissal angles slightly produced, less projecting than the frons; peristomal

profile moderately and evenly convex, somewhat more ascending to vibrissae ;

the latter inserted at mouth-margin and well below level of lower eye-margins.

rons of male about one-ninth to one-eleventh head-width at narrowest part,

and more than twice as wide at vertex and at lunula (but only one-seventeenth

head-width at narrowest point, thrice as wide at vertex and 4 times at lunula

in the male paratype from Bulambuli); frons of female two-fifths head-width

at vertex, very slightly dilated with straight sides to lunula; interfrontalia

about 4 times the width of a parafrontale at middle; frontal triangle (2) not

much exceeding middle; parafrontalia with 4-6 (g) or 2-4 (9) inclinate setae

on anterior half, in female in addition with 2 reclinate setae, the anterior one

of which is smaller. QOcellars rather strong and long; inner verticals of male

fine but rather long, outer verticals of male fine but rather distinct; inner

verticals of female long and strong, outer verticals moderately strong. Face

rather strongly dilated with the sides just noticeably convex, almost straight

in male and somewhat concave in female; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls

almost twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter 2} times as long

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its own width; arista

long-plumose, the rays rather evenly decreasing in length on apical two-fifths,

the longest rays up to about a quarter longer than the diameter of the third

antennal segment.

MUSCIDAE 593

Thorax with the acy in about 6 irregular rows, prsc absent or indistinct;

2+3 strong dc; 2 rather strong post ia; pra absent; the other dorsal setae

developed normally. Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior

and lower s¢fl strong, auxiliary (lower anterior) s¢f/ fine or indistinct, posterior

stpl very strong.

Abdomen of male elongate-ovate or subconical with obliquely truncate apex,

the hypopygium not visible in profile; superior forceps with a short rounded

Fic. 67.—Helina pruinosicollis sp. n. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps;

(b) inferior forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (c) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3.

Scales 0-1 mm.

process at apex of inner margin (Fig. 67 a). First and second segments each

with 1 or 2 strong lateral marginals and weaker lateral discals; second segment

of male with a conspicuous marginal row and a weaker discal row, these two

rows rather indistinct in female; third segment with a row of weak discals and

strong marginals; fourth with a row of strong discals and in male strong, in

female weak, marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a large roundish fuscous suffusion on 7-m and a

rather broad fuscous suffusion over the whole length of m—m (in the aberrant

Bulambuli specimen the fore margin somewhat smoky, as in ¢fwrnerz). 7, almost

or fully reaching level of ym, the latter at or beyond middle of discal cell.

74+, and m very slightly diverging to very slightly converging in apical part.

Calyptrae pale ochreous yellow with concolorous border and fringe. Halteres

pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a small / seta; mid-femur with an a row of short setae

on basal half, an a, p and fd preapical, 4—5 short and fine av on basal third,

and 4-5 (3) or 2-3 (2) pu on basal two-fifths, the last 2 pu of the male stronger

and the last fv normally the only conspicuous v seta in female; mid-tibia with

I (in one specimen on one side 2) ad and 2 # setae; hind femur with a well-

developed ad row, an a, p and fd preapical, and with 5-6 (3) or 3-5 () unequal

widely spaced av setae, the last (or last but one) of which forms a strong

preapical; hind tibia with 2 ad and 2 (in one Bulambuli female only 1) ad and

a strong d and ad preapical.

554 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

UeGaAnpDaA: Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 3 type, 1 g, 2°

paratypes; between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.viii.34 (J. Ford),

3 Q paratypes; Butandiga, 12.14.30 (H. Hargreaves), I g paratype. KENYA:

Londiani, v.36 (H. J. A. Turner), I 3 paratype.

The anterior legs are missing from the type, but this specimen was chosen

because females were collected together with this male, and because the other

male with the same data has a less typical coloration of the wing-base.

Helina tibiseta sp. n. 3

Length, 6-3-7°8 mm.; of wings, 6-4—7-I mm.

Fuscous with brownish-grey pollinosity and a faint brown pattern. Inter-

frontalia dull black, parafrontalia whitish grey, parafacialia silver-grey dusted

with fuscous reflections. Mesonotum with 4 faint brown vittae, the para-

median ones moderately narrow and slightly diverging to beyond level of first

post dc, more strongly diverging from there to scutellar suture, so that its outer

margin passes through the pore of the last dc; the outer vittae broad, almost

reaching the ph in front and the dc mediad. Abdomen with a pair of faint and

suffused roundish brown spots on posterior half of second and third segments,

fourth segment with an indistinct median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs

fuscous, the hind tibiae, less distinctly the anterior ones, testaceous translucent.

Head almost to fully half as high again as long; occipital.profile rather

strongly convex except in upper third, which is almost straight; frontal profile

straight ; facial profile moderately concave, the vibrissal angles not very strongly

produced, distinctly less projecting than the frons; peristomal profile almost

straight in posterior two-thirds, the anterior third rather strongly ascending

in an almost straight line; vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below level of lower

eye-margins. Frons at narrowest part one-eighth head-width, at vertex 14-2

times, at lunula 23-3 times as wide; interfrontalia 4 times as wide at middle

as a parafrontale, the latter with 5~7 mostly rather strong inclinate setae on

somewhat more than anterior half. Ocellars long and strong, inner and outer

verticals moderately long and not very strong but quite distinct. Face strongly

dilated with the sides almost straight, very slightly convex above middle;

parafacialia as wide, jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter

2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than its own

width; arista plumose to tip, the length of the rays rather evenly decreasing

from middle to tip, the longest rays hardly longer than the width of the third

antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in about 6 irregular rows before and in 8—10 behind

suture, prsc indistinct; 2+3 very strong dc; 2 strong post 1a; pra absent;

second pl conspicuously smaller than first; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower s/f/ rather strong, anterior stp/

strong, posterior one very strong.

MUSCIDAE 555

Abdomen elongate-ovate, apex somewhat obliquely truncate in lateral view,

hypopygium not projecting. First abdominal segment with some lateral discals

and a marginal row, which consists of strong setae at sides but weak ones on

disc; second with a weak discal and moderately strong marginal row; third

with a moderately strong discal and strong marginal row, fourth with a strong

discal and marginal row (3 genitalia, Fig. 68).

Fic, 68.—Helina tibiseta sp. n. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps; (b) inferior

forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (c) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-1 mm.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, especially anteriorly; 7-m

with a roundish fuscous suffusion, m—m with a somewhat less intensive suffusion

over its entire length. Costal spinules very long, especially between / and apex

of sc; r, not quite reaching level of y—-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell;

445 and m somewhat diverging at apex, m—m rather oblique but almost straight.

Calyptrae greyish yellow with pale ochreous border and fringe. Halteres pale

yellow. :

Legs. fore tibia with a # and 2 small ad setae; mid-femur with a row of

short a setae on more than basal half, an a, p, pd and small fd (almost d)

preapical, 5—6 short and fine av on basal two-fifths, and a row of pu setae which

are fine, short and even indistinct at base and apex, but among which there are

about 4 long and strong ones before and at middle, mid-tibia with 2 p setae

and 2 or 1 strong ad; hind femur with a rather strongly developed ad row,

a strong a, fp and fd (almost d) preapical, and a row of 6—7 rather unequal

av setae, of which 3 near apex, including a strong preapical (sometimes

followed by a smaller one nearer apex) are stronger, hind tibia with an av and

2 ad setae.

KENYA: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

3 3 paratypes.

556 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Helina spinifera Stein

Mydaea spinifera Stein 1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 107.

Kenya: Aberdares, Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 g. Typical

locality: Mt. Kenya, 2870 m., intermediate bamboo forests.

Helina lasiopa sp. n. 3 (Fig. 60)

Length, 5-4—7-6 mm.; of wings, 6-0-7-I mm.

Black, with not very dense whitish, on disc of mesonotum dull brown, dust.

Interfrontalia dull black with slight brown reflections, parafrontalia and para-

facialia silver-white dusted with blackish reflections, jowls dark-brown dusted.

Mesonotum with 4 dark vittae, which are undusted in front, so that they

contrast sharply with the anterior densely dusted part of the 3 pale vittae

and the pale lateral margin; from about the level of the first dc onwards the

pattern is overlaid with dull brown dust and therefore much less conspicuous,

the paramedian vittae parallel even behind suture, where the pattern tends

to shift with the direction of the light; scutellum without a definite pattern.

Abdomen whitish-grey dusted with shifting confluent smallish black spots and

a pair of rather inconspicuous suffusedly brown-dusted spots on the inter-

mediate segments. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous-black, the femora and

tibiae rather thinly brown-grey dusted, the tibiae sometimes brownish trans-

lucent. Thoracic spiracles dark brown.

Head almost two-fifths (2) or over two-fifths to slightly over one-half (3)

higher than long; occipital profile rather convex; frontal profile straight, rather

strongly sloping and at least as long as facial profile, the latter convex in upper

and moderately concave in lower half, the vibrissal angles moderately produced

but much less projecting than the frons; peristomal profile almost straight

to moderately convex in posterior three-fifths, moderately ascending and

not very convex in anterior two-fifths; vibrissae at mouth-margin and well

below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes moderately densely long-haired (Fig.

69), the hairs in male half as long as greatest width of third antennal seg-

ment, in female slightly shorter; frons of male one-eighth to one-tenth head-

width at narrowest part (above middle), one-fifth to one-sixth head-width at

vertex and about one-third at lunula, parafrontalia about a fifth the width of

the interfrontalia at middle, with 7-8 inclinate setae, which decrease in size

considerably to the iast one at about three-fifths, and which are interspersed

with setulose hairs; frons of female a third head-width at vertex and more than

two-fifths at lunula, frontal triangle drawn out into a point, which slightly

exceeds middle, interfrontalia 4-5 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter

with 4-5 inclinate setae on anterior three-fifths and 2 reclinate setae behind,

the anterior being the weaker, in addition with about 2 irregular rows of setulose

hairs, some of which at front end are considerably stronger. Ocellars long and

MUSCIDAE 557

['1G. 69.—Helina lasiopa sp. n., §. Dorsal view.

558 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

strong; inner and outer verticals rather fine but very distinct and moderately

long in male, rather strong in female. Face strongly dilated with the sides

straight except at lower extremity of eyes, where they are somewhat concave;

parafacialia as wide, jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter

2-24 times as long as wide, somewhat dilated to apex, where it is rounded

below (behind) but subacuminate above (in front), falling short of mouth-

margin by somewhat less than its own width; arista with 5~7 long rays on

second and third fifths of dorsal surface, some of them as long as the width of

the third segment; the rest of the arista, including the whole ventral surface,

short-haired, the longest rays on the latter less than half as long again as the

basal diameter of the arista.

Thorax (Fig. 69) with the acr in 6-8 irregular rows, prsc conspicuous; 2+-3

strong dc; 2 strong post ia, the anterior one level with the first post dc; pra small

but distinct, less than half the length of the second nfl, which is slightly shorter

than the first; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostig-

matal, auxiliary prostigmatal (above the stronger prostigmatal and slightly

weaker than it), and lower st¢p/ rather strong, anterior lower stp/ rather weak,

anterior stpl strong, posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen (Fig. 69) ovate, depressed, in male narrowly truncate, in female

pointed at apex; hypopygium of male not prominent, fourth ventrite broadly

and rather shallowly emarginate, only its inner half forming a short lobe on

either side. First segment with some strong lateral marginals, second with some

weak discals, which tend to form a transverse row, and a complete marginal

row of setae, which are strong laterally but more or less weak near median line ;

third segment with a discal and a strong marginal row, fourth with a strong

but rather irregular discal row and a strong marginal row; the discal row not

very far in front of the marginal row and with a tendency to becoming double

and triple, especially near sides. The ventral surface of the male with rather

dense, long setulose hairs.

Wings (Fig. 69) not very hyaline, somewhat smoky, especially near base

and front margin; 7-m with a roundish fuscous suffusion, m—m suffused in its

entire length. 7, not quite reaching level of m-m; m suddenly somewhat bent

up to y-m at a point basad to this transverse vein by about the length of the

latter, and often with a short appendage at this point; v-m beyond middle of

discal cell; m—m strongly sinuous and oblique; 74;; and m conspicuously diverg-

ing at tip, 74;; being shallowly sinuous in apical section with the tip upcurved,

and m being gradually and evenly curved backwards. Calyptrae greyish sub-

opaque, suffused with ochreous towards margin, border ochreous, fringe pale

yellowish. Halteres dull reddish yellow, sometimes rather dark.

Legs: fore tibia with 2 p and with or without an ad seta; mid-femur with a

row of short a setae on basal half or more, with a row of longer av setulae, in

male on more than basal half with a row of long and partly strong pv setae,

MUSCIDAE 559

which passes gradually into a row of longer setulae on apical part, in female

with only 3-4 stronger pv on basal half, otherwise with conspicuous setulose

pv hairs, in both sexes without an a@ preapical but with 3—4 preapicals in an

oblique row from the f to the d surface, mid-tibia with 2 ad, 1 p and 3-4 (3)

or 2 (2) pd setae; hind femur with a row of about 12 strong ad and a well-

developed av row, the latter in female consisting of about 8 more or less strong

setae, in male of about 6 strong setae in apical half and 6 or more much finer

but not shorter setae in basal half, the v and fv surfaces of male with rather

numerous long setulose hairs on more than basal half, some of which are more

than twice the length of the femoral diameter, and with a row of shorter and

stronger setulose fu hairs near apex, the pu surface in female with 4—5 moder-

ately strong setae in basal half and a conspicuous row of setulose hairs towards

apex, but 2-3 preapicals present on # and fd surfaces, hind tibia with 2-4 pd

setae, the strongest of which lies at middle, 2 ad and 3 av setae and a strong d

and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Alpine Zone, 12,000-13,000 ft., ii.35 (F.W.E.), 3 type,

2 3, I 8 paratypes, 12,000 ft., on Lobelia elgonensis, 1 3 paratype; Heath Zone,

10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 2 3 paratypes.

Helina mediorufa sp. n. 2

Length, 8-7 mm.; of wings, 8-4 mm.

Head and abdomen fuscous with cinereous-grey pollinosity, thorax pale

ferruginous, yellowish dusted with 4 ferruginous-brown vittae. Interfrontalia

dull black with some rather conspicuous grey dust, parafacialia with a conspicu-

ous shifting fuscous spot at the level of the second antennal segment. The

paramedian vittae of the mesonotum somewhat broadened from both ends to

suture, the post part somewhat diverging to scutellum, their outer margin

passing through the pore of the last dc; the median strip between the vittae

somewhat infuscate; the outer vittae running from behind the ph towards the

outer basal angle of the scutellum and to the level of the last dc, interrupted

at suture. Abdomen with a pair of faint roundish brown spots on the second

segment, a vestige of similar spots on the first and a brown dot at the base of

the stronger setae. Antennae and palpi fuscous, the basal antennal segments

somewhat testaceous translucent, the mentum ferruginous-brown, with

yellowish dust, legs pale testaceous with piceous tarsi.

Head almost one-half higher than long, occipital profile rather convex;

frontal profile straight but somewhat convex at extremities; facial profile rather

strongly concave, vibrissal angles considerably produced though less projecting

than frons; peristomal profile almost straight in posterior and anterior halves,

which are joined by a broadly rounded curve, moderately strongly ascending

anteriorly; vibrissae at mouth-margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-

margins. Frons less than a third head-width at vertex, dilated with just

560 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

noticeably concave sides to lunula, where it is two-fifths the width of the head;

interfrontalia 4—5 times the width of a parafrontale at middle, frontal triangle

reaching anterior fourth; parafrontalia with 3 rather strong inclinate setae on

anterior two-fifths and 2 reclinate ones on the fourth fifth, the anterior one

being weaker; in addition with small odd setulae. Ocellars and inner verticals

strong and long, outer verticals rather short but distinct. Face only slightly

more strongly dilated than frons, with the sides slightly concave; parafacialia

as wide, jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter more than

thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than its own

width; arista long-plumose to tip, the rays rather evenly decreasing in length

from middle to tip, the longest rays about twice as long as the width of the

third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 4-5 rows before and 7-9 behind suture, the para-

median strips bare before and with sparse hairs behind suture, prsc absent;

2-+3 strong dc; 2 rather strong post ia, the anterior one just in front of a straight

line imagined through the first post de and sa; second nfl considerably weaker

than first but about 3 times as long as pra; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and lower s¢p/ rather strong,

posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate with acuminate apex. First and second segments

with one or two lateral marginals, third with a strong marginal and much

weaker discal row, the latter interrupted at middle, fourth segment with a

moderately strong discal and rather weak marginal row.

Wings subhyaline, somewhat yellowish, especially near fore margin. 7,

reaching level of 7m, the latter slightly beyond middle of discal cell; 74., very

slightly converging with apical sector of m, the latter being very slightly, and

74,5 rather strongly, curved backwards. Lower calyptra pale ochreous, sub-

opaque, with concolorous border and fringe, upper calyptra with brownish

border and fringe. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: (fore legs of type missing) ; mid-femur with a row of a setae on basal

two-fifths, 2 fv setae in basal third, an a, p, pd and a small pd (almost d)

preapical, mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with a moderately well-developed

ad row, about 5 av setae on basal half and a strong av, a, d and pd preapical,

in addition with some small av and fv setae, which are just some slightly longer

and stronger setulose hairs, hind tibia with a strong d and ad preapical, 2 ad

and an av, the latter very slightly beyond the level of the distal ad.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 9 type.

[Helina rufoscapularis sp. n. 9]

Length, 6-5 mm.; of wings, 6-3 mm.

Fuscous with cinereous-grey dust, the humeri, notopleurae and the pleurae,

but for an indefinite area from the propleural depression over the upper part

MUSCIDAE 561

of the mesopleurae and pteropleurae and for the lower part of the sterno-

pleurae, pale ferruginous, the infra-alar bulla of the same colour; pattern dark

brown with brown dust. Interfrontalia fuscous with some grey dust, head with

shifting blackish reflections, especially a large spot on the parafacialia. Mesono-

tum with a pair of rather narrow paramedian vittae, which diverge slightly

and do not reach the level of the last dc, a median vitta, which is rather indistinct

in front of suture, but becomes conspicuous and gradually somewhat broader

behind suture and especially behind the end of the paramedian vittae, and

which forms a broad longitudinal elliptical spot on the scutellum, and with an

outer vitta from the pf to the second fost 7a, which does not or hardly pass

the prst and the 7a exteriorly, and which is indistinctly divided longitudinally

by a line of pale dust along the inner side of these setae. Abdomen somewhat

pale translucent at the incisures and at apex, second and third segments each

with a pair of rather large roundish dark-brown spots, third and fourth with

a narrow incomplete brown median vitta, the stronger setae with a brown dot

at base. Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous, legs otherwise pale ferruginous to

testaceous.

Head more than two-fifths higher than long; occipital profile moderately

convex; frontal profile slightly convex; facial profile somewhat concave below,

the vibrissal angles moderately produced, but less prominent than the frons;

peristomal profile almost straight in posterior half, somewhat convex and

moderately ascending in anterior half, the vibrissae at mouth-margin and

slightly below level of lower eye-margins. Frons almost two-fifths head-width

at vertex, somewhat dilated with straight sides to lunula where it is nine-

twentieths head-width; frontal triangle reaching lunula; interfrontalia at middle

almost 4 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter with 3 moderately strong

inclinate setae on anterior half and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior of which is

weaker, on posterior half, in addition with a few odd proclinate hairs. Ocellars

and inner verticals strong, outer verticals apparently moderately strong. Face

somewhat dilated with slightly but distinctly concave sides, especially near

lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia as wide, jowls almost twice as wide, as

third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the rays rather

quickly decreasing in length on the last third, the longest rays almost twice

as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 5-6 irregular rows of acr, prsc distinct ; 2-++3 strong dc; 2 strong

post ia, the anterior one half-way between the first and second post dc; pra

absent; second nfl considerably smaller than first; the other dorsal setae

developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower s¢// moderately strong,

anterior stpl strong, posterior one very strong, anterior lower s/f/ not very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminate at apex; first and second

segments with a few lateral discals and marginals, third with some rather strong

502 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

lateral discals, which are continued almost to middle by weak discals, and a

row of strong marginals, fourth segment with a row of strong discals and

weak marginals.

Wings subhyaline, strongly yellowish smoky; 7, slightly exceeding 7—m, the

latter somewhat beyond middle of discal cell; 74;; and m subparallel, almost

unnoticeably converging towards apex but slightly diverging at extreme tip,

m being almost straight, almost inappreciably curved backwards, and 7,;, being

very shallowly sinuous. Calyptrae yellowish grey subhyaline with pale yellow

border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with 2 p and 1 small ad seta; mid-femur with a row of a

setae on basal half, 2-3 small av on basal third, 4-5 somewhat stronger py on

basal two-fifths, and with an a, ~, pd and fd (almost d) preapical, mid-tibia

with 3-4 p setae; hind femur with a well-developed ad row, about 5 av, the last

of which is developed as a strong av preapical, and an a, # and pd preapical,

hind tibia with a conspicuous fd at basal third, 2-3 ad, 2 av, and a strong d

and ad preapical.

FE. CAPE PROVINCE: Katberg, 4000 ft., 1-15.1.33 (R. FE. Turner), 2 type.

Helina monochaeta sp. n. 3°

Length, 4:3-4°5 mm.; of wings, 4:2-4-6 mm.

Fuscous, rather densely whitish-grey dusted, the female with a pair of brown

vittae. Interfrontalia dull black with slight whitish-grey dust, frontal triangle

rather densely grey dusted, parafacialia with a conspicuous roundish spot of

blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment. Mesonotum of female

with the usual paramedian less dusted vittae behind neck, from the level of

the prst dc to beyond the second post dc they are continued as moderately

narrow, somewhat diverging brown-dusted vittae, the outer margin of which

reaches the second post dc; in male at most with a vestige of these vittae. Second

and third abdominal segments each with a pair of moderately large round brown

spots, first sometimes with similar much smaller spots, third and fourth with

brown dots at the base of the strongest setae, fourth sometimes with an indefi-

nite incomplete median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, tibiae brownish

or testaceous translucent.

Head (Fig. 70) one-third to almost two-fifths longer than high; occipital

profile moderately convex; frontal profile somewhat convex; facial profile not

very concave, the vibrissal angles moderately produced, almost as much

projecting as the frons; peristomal profile almost straight in posterior and

anterior halves, which are joined by a broadly convex curve, vibrissae at

mouth-margin, not much below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male

almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, not or slightly (to fully two-fifths head-

width) dilated to lunula, of female two-fifths head-width at vertex, more than

MUSCIDAE 563

two-fifths to almost one-half at lunula; frontal triangle reaching lunula; inter-

frontalia almost 4 times as wide at middle as a parietale; the latter with 1 strong

and 1-2 weak inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate seta being

the weaker, in addition with a few setulae at anterior end. Ocellars and inner

verticals long and strong, outer verticals not very long. ‘ace moderately dilated

Fic. 70.—Helina monochaeta sp. n., g. Lateral view of head and thorax.

with the sides slightly concave near lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia more

than half as wide, jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The

latter 2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than

half its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the rays becoming slowly shorter

on apical third only, longest rays about twice as long as diameter of third

antennal segment.

Thorax (Fig. 70) with 5-6 irregular rows of acr, prsc fine or indistinct;

1-+3 strong dc, the first one at middle of prst part and sometimes preceded by

a small seta; 2 moderately strong fost 7a, the anterior one slightly stronger ;

pra absent; posterior xfl somewhat weaker than anterior one; the other dorsal

setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower s¢p/ moderately

strong, anterior stl strong, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen ovate, somewhat acuminate in female; hypopygium of male not

prominent; fourth ventrite with a broad V-shaped excision, the lobes therefore

564 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

obliquely truncate. First and second segments each with 1-2 moderately strong

lateral discals and marginals, the second sometimes with a distinct weak mar-

ginal row, third with a row of weak discals and a row of strong marginals, fourth

with a row of strong discals and of strong ($) or weak (2) marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, y-m and m-—m somewhat

darker but not suffused. 7, reaching level of 7m, the latter at or slightly

beyond middle of discal cell; 74; and m parailel or very slightly diverging near

apex, both evenly and slightly curved backward from m—m half-way to apex.

Calyptrae whitish subopaque with whitish or pale yellowish border and fringe.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta; mid-femur with a row of short a setae in

basal half, an a, p, pd and pd (almost d) preapical and a pv at base and at basal

fourth, mid-tibia with 2 setae; hind femur with an ad row of about 6 setae

and an av row of 4-5 setae, the last of the latter developed as a strong preapical,

and with an a, p and fd preapical, hind tibia with a small fd seta at about

basal fourth, 2(—3) ad, 2 av, and a strong d and ad preapical.

Ucanpba: Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft. (Ff. Ford), 3 type,

2 9 paratypes; Mabungo, 6000 ft. (J. Ford), 2 2 paratypes; Mt. Muhavura,

7000 ft., 29.1x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 2 paratype; Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.)

I 4, 4 2 paratypes.

Helina coenosiformis sp. n. ¢

Length, 4:3 mm.; of wings, 4-6 mm. :

Pale testaceous with fuscous occiput and frons and a brown sufiused median

vitta on mesonotum from neck to scutellar suture, this vitta reaching the line

of the dc behind but gradually narrowed anteriorly to about a third that width.

First abdominal segment with a shadow only of two transverse brownish spots,

second with a large somewhat suffused triangular spot, which occupies the

whole width behind (with a linear hind margin remaining pale), and which

reaches the base suffusedly with its obtuse apical angle; third somewhat

browned with a transverse brown band in almost posterior half, fourth some-

what browned with a faint brown median vitta. Pollinosity yellowish grey,

rather conspicuous on the dark parts. Antennae fuscous, palpi, mentum and

legs pale testaceous, tarsi considerably infuscate.

Head (Fig. 71) more than a third higher than long, occipital profile moder-

ately convex, frontal profile almost straight with the extremities, especially

the posterior one, somewhat convex, facial profile moderately concave, the

vibrissal angles somewhat sharply projecting, but not more prominent than

the frons; peristomal profile very broadly and slightly convex, only very slightly

ascending anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-margin, only very slightly below level

of lower eye-margins. Frons one-third head-width at vertex, very slightly

MUSCIDAE 565

Fic. 71.—Helina coenosifoymis sp. n., 3. Lateral view.

5606 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

dilated with straight sides to lunula; frontal triangle narrow, reaching lunula,

interfrontalia 4-5 times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter with 2-3 rather

weak inclinate setae at anterior third, and a reclinate seta at three-fifths. Inner

verticals long and strong, ocellars rather long and moderately strong, outer

verticals weak but rather distinct. Face not much dilated, just over one-half

head-width below, the sides almost straight, very slightly concave, more

distinctly so at lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia hardly a third, jowls about

two-thirds, the width of the third antennal segment. The latter twice as long

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its width; arista long-plumose

to tip, the longest rays 24 times as long as the width of the third antennal

segment, the rays at the tip not much shorter.

Thorax (Fig. 71) with the acr confined to the area of the median vitta, in

3-4 Irregular rows up to the second post dc, behind which they increase

in number, prsc absent; 2+3 strong dc, the anterior prst one slightly more

than half as long as the second; 2 well-developed but not very strong post

ia; pra absent; the mpl hardly longer though markedly stronger than the

za; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and prostigmatal

not very strong, anterior and lower stf/ moderately strong, posterior

one strong.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, hypopygium not prominent (Fig. 71); fourth

ventrite with a broad and not very deep V-shaped excision on hind margin.

First and second segments each with a very strong lateral marginal and with

several much weaker lateral discals, third segment with a transverse row of

weak discals and strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and of

strong marginals.

Wings (Fig. 71) subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, with a roundish

fuscous suffusion on 7m, and with m—m suffused in its entire length, the node

at the base of 744; also somewhat infuscate. 7, almost reaching level of 7—m,

the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 7,,; and m parallel somewhat before

apex, but distinctly diverging at extreme tip, m being evenly and slightly

curved backwards in apical section. Calyptrae pale yellowish subhyaline with

yellowish border and fringe. Halteres pale yellowish.

Legs: mid-femur with a row of short a setae from base to middle, 5—6 fine

and short av on basal two-fifths, 2 somewhat stronger fu near basal third, and

an a, p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 f setae, one towards middle, the

other at three-fourths; hind femur with an ad row of 6 setae, an av row of 5-7,

of which only the preapical one is strong, some erect f and fv hairs on basal

two-fifths, and an a, p and pd preapical, hind tibia with 2 ad (the distal one

much smaller) and an av seta and an ad and d preapical.

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

The right fore tibia has a f seta, which is absent from the left tibia without

any trace of a pore being recognisable.

MUSCIDAE 567

Almost all the characters of this species are those of the Coenosiinae, and

especially Andersonosia and Coenosia, but the anterior prst dc is stronger than

in that subfamily, and in particular in the more typical group with only one

reclinate seta. The spotted wings and long plumosity up to the tip of the arista,

spotted cross-veins, distinct costal spine and upcurved lower prostigmatal are

strange features in Coenosiinae but familiar ones in Helina, the d and ad

preapicals of the hind tibia lie rather close to the apex as in Phaoniinae, whilst

they are situated considerably proximad of it in Coenosiinae. Lastly, the

preapical of the mid-femur is typical of the Mydaeini but does not apparently

occur in Coenosiinae.

Helina pegomyiina sp. n. 32

Length, 5:5-6-7 mm.; of wings, 6-5-7-I mm.

Fuscous with cinereous-grey dust, the thorax largely pale ferruginous.

Interfrontalia fuscous-black, face and parafrontalia silver-grey dusted, in female

with a spot of blackish reflections at the level of the second antennal segment.

Mesonotum pale ferruginous with whitish pollinosity on humeri, notopleurae

and dc strip, and between the latter two along anterior side of suture; a median

vitta fuscous and passing the line of the dc posteriorly, but strongly narrowed

from scutellum to second post dc, extending to neck or fading out at suture;

pleurae ferruginous, more or less extensively infuscated, especially on meso-

pleura and pteropleura; metanotum fuscous; scutellum dull ferruginous, more

or less strongly infuscate. Abdomen fuscous with cinereous-grey dust, the first

segment with a pair of small fuscous spots, the second with a pair of sub-

triangular spots, the third with a large subtriangular spot fused of two spots

similar to those on the second, the fourth with an elongate median spot; in

female these spots are suffused and rather inconspicuous. Antennae, palpi and

proboscis fuscous, legs pale testaceous with fuscous tarsi, the femora somewhat

browned, the fore ones along dorsal surface, the hind ones on exterior part

of apex.

Head of male three-fifths, of female one-third, higher than long; occipital

profile moderately convex, the upper half almost straight in male; frontal

profile straight with slightly convex extremities; facial profile moderately

concave, the vibrissal angles moderately produced, about as much projecting

as the frons; peristomal profile moderately convex in male, but much less so

in female, moderately ascending to vibrissae, the latter at mouth-margin,

somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male less than one-tenth

head-width at middle, twice as wide at vertex, 2} times at lunula, of female

almost a third head-width at vertex, and almost two-fifths at lunula with the

sides very slightly concave, almost straight; the interfrontalia a trifle narrower

at middle than a parafrontale (3) or 3-4 times as wide as a paratrontale () ;

568 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

frontal triangle (2) not reaching fore margin; parafrontalia with 2-3 inclinate

setae on anterior third, and in female with 2 reclinate setae (only one on the

left side), the anterior of which is slightiy stronger. Ocellars long and strong,

inner and outer verticals of male weak but rather distinct, inner verticals of

female long and strong, outer ones small. Face of male moderately dilated

with the sides virtually straight, of female not much dilated with the sides very

slightly concave; parafacialia of male less than half, of female half, as wide

as, jowls slightly narrower than, third antennal segment. The latter almost

24 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than

half its width; arista plumose to tip, the rays at apex only slightly shorter,

the longest rays about a quarter longer than the width of the third antennal

segment.

Thorax with about 4 irregular rows of acr in front of and about 8 behind

suture, prsc indistinct; 2+-3 strong dc; 2 moderately strong: post 7a; posterior

npl rather short; pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally.

Propleural and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower s¢f/ strong,

posterior stp/ very strong.

Abdomen of male elongate-subconical, the fourth segment more strongly

narrowed, of female oblong-ovate with pointed apex; male hypopygium not

projecting, fourth ventrite with a deep and narrow incision, the basal half of

the inner margins of the lobes straight and closely adjacent, the apical half

obliquely truncate. First and second segments each with a strong and a few

weak lateral marginals and with some weak lateral discals; third segment with

a row of weak discals and strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals

and marginals, in female the latter somewhat weaker, in male some additional

erect fine setae near lateral surface between the base and the discals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge and 3 suffusions, a roundish

one from the node at the base of 7,,; almost to the fifth vein, an unusually

large roundish one on y-m and an elongate one along m—m. 7, not quite reaching

level of y—-m, the latter well beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and m virtually

straight at tip, where they are parallel or just noticeably diverging. Calyptrae

greyish white, subhyaline, with whitish or pale yellowish border and fringe.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta; mid-femur with a row of short a setae on basal

two-fifths, 2 pv in basal fourth, and an a, p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with

I p seta (in type on one side with 2); hind femur with an ad row of 5-6 setae

and with 4 (2) or 6 (g) av, the preapical av and in male 2 in basal third strong,

the male in addition with long (the # ones about twice as long as the femoral

diameter), the female with much shorter and fv hairs on basal third, further,

an a, p and pd preapical, hind tibia with 1 ad and 1 av (in type 2 av on one side)

and ad and ad preapical.

KeEnyA: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, 10,000 ft. (F.W.E.), d type, I 2 paratype.

MUSCIDAE 569

[Helina basichaeta sp. n.?}

Length, 7:3-8-4 mm.; of wings, 7-2-7-7 mm.

Black, densely cinereous-grey dusted with a brown-dusted pattern. Inter-

frontalia dull black with whitish reflections; parafacialia with a large shifting

fuscous spot at level of second antennal segment, face and jowls with shifting

fuscous reflections. Mesonotum with a pair of narrow brown vittae, which

diverge slightly behind without reaching the dc line, from neck to level of

second post dc, a median vitta which extends from scutellar suture forwards,

tapering out towards neck or suture, and backwards to beyond middle of

scutellum, and a sub-lateral vitta from ph over prst to sa and front end of

postalar callosity, it is obliquely bent outwards at suture, but also continued

by a narrow, sometimes vestigial, streak to the inner side of the anterior post ta.

Second and third abdominal segments each with a pair of moderately large

roundish dark-brown spots, which approach the hind margin without touching

it; the abdomen in addition with a dark-brown dot at the base of each of the

stronger setae, the dots at the paramedian discals of the fourth segment tending

to extend exteriorly in a pair of brown longitudinal streaks. Antennae, palpi,

tarsi and fore femora fuscous, the latter with dense grey dust, posterior femora

pale ferruginous, their apical fifth or fourth with a fuscous suffusion on a, d

and p surfaces, tibiae pale ferruginous, more or less infuscate at tip, or the fore

tibiae wholly fuscous.

Head almost two-fifths higher than long; occipital profile rather strongly

convex, frontal profile slightly convex in posterior third, straight in intermediate

third or more, facial profile moderately concave in lower part, vibrissal angles

somewhat less prominent than frons; peristomal profile almost straight in

posterior two-thirds, rather strongly ascending in anterior third; vibrissae at

mouth-margin, far below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes with short and

sparse hairs; frons almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, evenly dilated with

straight sides to lunula, where it is nine-twentieths head-width; frontal triangle

quickly narrowed to level of first ocellus, apex produced into a somewhat

spindle-shaped point, which does not reach lunula; interfrontalia 3-4 times

as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 2 strong inclinate and 2

reclinate setae, the anterior of which is considerably stronger; in addition with

some proclinate setulae in 2~3 irregular rows on anterior half. Ocellars strong,

inner verticals very strong, outer verticals moderately strong. lace moderately

dilated with the sides slightly concave, almost straight, parafacialia as wide,

jowls twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter 24 times as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by approximately its own width; arista long-

plumose, the rays slowly decreasing in length from third fifth to apex,

the longest rays more than half as long again as width of third antennal

segment.

570 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thorax with 6-8 (3-4 between the vittae, 1 on the outer border of each vitta

and 0-1 between the vitta and the dc) rather regular rows of acr in front of

and 8—ro irregular rows behind suture; prsc fine or indistinct; 24-3 very strong

dc; 2 strong post 1a; posterior mpl shorter than anterior one; pra absent; the

other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stp/

moderately strong, anterior and posterior stpl very strong, auxiliary (anterior

lower) stpl weak.

Abdomen subovate, rather convex; first and second segments with 1-2

strong lateral marginals and less strong lateral discals, third with an irregular

transverse row of moderately strong discals and a row of strong marginals,

fourth with an irregular row of strong discals and with only 1-2 small lateral

marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, which may be strong in R,; 7-m

with a large round fuscous suffusion ; m—m with a similar smaller suffusion at each

end, the intermediate part being less strongly browned. 7, not reaching level

of y-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 74; and m slightly though

distinctly diverging at tip, m being very slightly and evenly curved backwards

and 74:5 Slightly sinuous with the tip shortly but distinctly upcurved. Calyptrae

whitish-grey subopaque with pale yellowish border and fringe. Halteres pale

brownish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a rather strong p seta at two-fifths, i.e. much nearer

to base than as a rule, and 2-3 rather conspicuous small ad beyond it; mid-

femur with a row of short a setae on basal three-fifths, which contains 3-4

stronger ones at middle, 3—4 pv setae in basal half, of which one at base is fine,

and an a, p and fd (sometimes an additional more d one) preapical, mid-tibia

with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, 3-4 unusually strong av, the last and

strongest of which lies at apical fourth and is followed by 1-2 fine setae nearer

apex, and an a, p and fd preapical, hind tibia with 2 strong ad, I av at or just

beyond the level of the distal ad, and 2 or more fine fd, the proximal one of

which is slightly stronger and les at two-fifths of the length, in addition with

a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Londiani, v.36 (H. J. A. Turner), 2 type; Chyulu Hills, 5200 ft.,

v.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.), 2 2 paratypes (1 to be returned to Coryndon

Memorial Museum, Nairobi); Nanyuki (S.), v.48 (vaw Someren), 1 2 paratype

(in coll. van Someren).

Helina intraalaris sp. n. (3?)

Length, c. 7 mm.; of wings, 6-4 mm. :

Black with moderately dense whitish-grey dust, disc of mesonotum largely

dark-brown dusted but for a pale-dusted vitta over the dc and the beginning

of a median vitta. Interfrontalia dull black with fuscous-brown. reflections :

parafacialia with a large spot of fuscous reflections at level of second antennal

MUSCIDAE Hifi

segment. Mesonotum (Fig. 72) with the narrow paramedian brown vittae

connected by some brown dust towards suture and entirely coalescing behind

suture, slightly dilated posteriorly, so that the remaining vittae of pale dust

pass along the outer side of the last 1-2 dc, the outer pair of dark vittae broad,

covering the pores of the ph, prst, ia, sa and postalars, with an indentation

of the outer border at suture; scutellum brown dusted with the lateral and

apical margins suffusedly pale dusted. Abdomen with a pair of roundish suffused

brown spots on each of the first three segments, these spots smaller on the first.

Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous, femora pale ochreous with the apex narrowly

and the base even more narrowly infuscated, tibiae pale, slightly browned near

base or (fore ones) over most of their length.

Head more than two-fifths higher than long; occipital profile rather convex,

less strongly so in dorsal half, frontal profile straight, facial profile strongly

concave in lower half, the vibrissal angles considerably projecting though

slightly less than the frons; peristomal profile moderately convex in posterior

two-thirds, rather strongly ascending anteriorly; vibrissae at mouth-margin,

level with lower eye-margins. Eyes with rather conspicuous short hairs; frons

more than a third head-width at vertex, dilated with straight sides to lunula,

where it is two-fifths head-width; frontal triangle narrow and rather incon-

spicuous, almost reaching lunula, interfrontalia almost 4 times as wide at

middle as a parafrontale; the latter with 3 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate

setae, the anterior reclinate being weaker than the posterior one, in addition

with a row of proclinate setulae. Ocellars strong, inner verticals very strong,

outer verticals rather small. Face not much dilated with very slightly and

evenly concave sides; parafacialia as wide, jowls half as wide again, as third

antennal segment. The latter less than thrice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by half its width; arista long-plumose, the rays rather evenly

decreasing in length in apical third, the longest rays almost twice as long as

width of third antennal segment.

Thorax (Fig. 72) with the acy in 6 rather regular rows in front of and in 6-8

irregular rows behind suture, prsc very fine, almost indistinct; 2+-3 strong dc;

2 post za, the anterior strong and widely separated from the much weaker

posterior one; posterior npl rather small; pra absent; the other dorsal setae

developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stf/ moderately strong,

anterior stp] strong, auxiliary (anterior lower) stfl rather weak.

Abdomen oblong-ovate; first and second segments each with 1-2 moderately

strong lateral marginals and not very strong lateral discals, third with a row

of strong marginals and of small discals.

Wings subhyaline with a conspicuous brownish tinge; 7-m with a roundish

fuscous suffusion, m-—m with a smaller similar suffusion on anterior extremity

and a much less intensive suffusion on posterior part, 7, almost reaching level

of r-m, the latter at middle of discal cell; 7,,, and m subparallel near apex,

572 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

almost unnoticeably diverging at tip, m being very slightly and evenly curved

backwards, 7,;,; hardly noticeably sinuous. Calyptrae greyish subhyaline with

whitish border and fringe.

Legs: fore tibia with a strong p seta at middle and 1-2 very small ad;

mid-femur with a row of short a setae from base to middle, 3 fv, of which only

the most distal one is moderately strong, on basal third or slightly more, and

Fic. 72.—Helina intraalaris sp. n. (S ?). Dorsal view of thorax,

an a, p, pd and almost d preapical, mid-tibia with 2 p setae, hind femur with

an ad row, 5-6 av setae, of which only the alternating ones are moderately

strong, the most distal one forming a strong preapical, a fine and small pv basad .

of middle, and an a, p and fd preapical, hind tibia with 2 ad and an av, the latter

slightly beyond the level of the second ad, and a strong d and ad preapical.

Ucanpa: Imatong Mts., 10,000 ft., ii.36 (D. R. Buxton), 3? type.

The abdomen is badly eaten but seems to be of male shape.

Helina ferrugineicollis sp.n. 39

Helina vufithovax Stein of Malloch, 1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 10: 379.

Length, 4:7-6-4 mm.; of wings, 4:9-6-4 mm.

Fuscous with pale ferruginous thorax and legs, the head and abdomen

MUSCIDAE 43

cinereous dusted, thorax with thin pale yellowish dust. Interfrontalia fuscous-

black with brown-grey reflections, frontal triangle brown dusted on anterior

part; parafrontalia with brown-grey dust; parafacialia with a conspicuous spot

of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment. Mesonotum with

4 brownish vittae, the paramedian ones narrow, slightly widening and very

slightly diverging posteriorly, often fused in front of scutellum into a large

dull-brown suffusion; the outer ones distinct to the inner side of the prst and

of the za, more or less distinctly extending outwards towards or beyond the sa;

scutellum dull brown except on lateral and apical margins. Antennae fuscous,

palpi pale orange, the tip often more or less browned, sometimes largely fuscous ;

fore femora more or less browned, especially along d and often p surfaces;

seldom the tips of the posterior femora also browned on d surface.

Head about one-third (or less, sometimes as little as one-sixth) longer than

high; occipital profile strongly convex, frontal profile straight, except at

extremities, facial profile slightly concave in lower part, the vibrissal angles

not much produced, considerably less projecting than frons; peristomal profile

not very convex but rather evenly and strongly ascending to vibrissal angles;

vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of

male almost, of female well over, two-fifths head-width at vertex, somewhat

dilated with very slightly concave sides to lunula where it is well over two-fifths

(3) to almost or fully one-half (Q) head-width; frontal triangle extending to

anterior third or fourth of frons but more or less obsolescent in its anterior half;

interfrontalia 5-6 (3) or 4—5 (2) times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the

latter with 2-3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior of the latter being

weaker than the posterior, in addition with a few proclinate setulae on anterior

half. Ocellars and interior verticals strong, exterior verticals moderately strong.

Face moderately dilated with slightly concave sides; parafacialia somewhat

narrower than, jowls half as wide again as, third antennal segment. The latter

24 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its

own width; arista plumose to tip, the rays slowly decreasing in length on apical

half, the longest ones slightly longer than the width of the third antennal

segment.

Thorax with the acy in 4—5 irregular rows in front of, and 5—6 behind, suture,

prsc absent; 2+-3 dc, the first prst more than half as long as the second and

the first post at most half as long as the following one; anterior post 7a strong,

posterior one weak to indistinct; second np/ rather short; pra absent; the other

dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and prostigmatal not very strong;

anterior and lower stfl strong, posterior s¢p/ very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, somewhat more slender and narrowly rounded at

apex in male; hypopygium of male not prominent, but the apex obliquely

truncate in this sex in lateral view, and the fourth ventrite shghtly prominent

and with 2 moderately strong setae. First and second segments with 1-2

574 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

moderately strong lateral marginals and weaker lateral discals; third segment

with a more or less incomplete row of fine discals and a row of strong marginals,

the paramedian marginals, however, much weaker; fourth segment with a row

of strong discals (consisting of only 2-3 pairs) and of strong (3) or rather weak

(2) marginals, the paramedian discals considerably weaker.

Wings more or less conspicuously smoky, 7—-m with a rather small roundish

fuscous suffusion, m—m evenly suffused over its whole length. 7, not reaching

level of ym, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; tips of 7,,,; and m straight,

slightly diverging to parallel. Calyptrae testaceous subhyaline, border and

fringe brownish white; the lower calyptra only slightly longer than the upper

one and only moderately projecting. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta at middle; mid-femur with a row of short a

setae in basal half, 2 fine pv in basal third, the more distal one being somewhat

stronger, and an a, p and fd (and often a small almost d) preapical, mid-tibia

with an ad beyond middle and with 2(—3) p setae; hind femur with an ad row,

2~3 very fine and short (one at middle somewhat stronger) and towards apex

1-2 stronger av, and an a, p and fd (almost d) preapical, mid-tibia with 2 ad

(1-)2(-3) av, the latter as a rule at and beyond level of the distal ad, and with

a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, 10,000 ft. (F.W.E.), g type, 2 3, 15 2

paratypes, 8000 ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 1 2 paratype; Nyeri Track, Aberdares,

10,500-11,000. ft. (F.W.E.), I 2 paratype; top of the Aberdares, 9500 ft.,

28.11.11 (7. J. Anderson), 1 2; Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35

(F.W.E.), 1 3, I Q paratype.

As a rule the palpi are orange, often with a narrow dark tip, sometimes

they are fuscous with only the basal half reddish translucent. The first post dc

is usually less than half as long as the second, but in two specimens it is almost

as long as that seta. These specimens are the male from Mt. Elgon and the

female from the top of the Aberdares. In both of them the palpi are largely

fuscous. The presence of an ad seta on the mid-tibia, the pale femora and the

dichoptic male preclude this species from being identified as rufithorax Stein.

In one specimen one of the hind tibiae has an abnormal strong p (not pd) seta

almost at middle.

Helina rufolateralis sp. n. 2 (Fig. 73)

Length, 4-6-5:6 mm.; of wings, 4°7-5°5 mm.

Fuscous-black with brown-grey dust, thorax dull orange with the lower

half of the pleurae and a broad median vitta fuscous. Interfrontalia dull black,

frontal triangle slightly shining, parafrontalia with a spot of blackish reflections

at level of second antennal segment. Median vitta of thorax narrow behind

neck, but quickly widening behind the anterior prst dc, so that usually from

the second prst de (seldom from the second fost dc) to the base of the scutellum

MUSCIDAE

I'ic. 73.—Helina rviufolateralis sp. n.

Tes

, 2. Lateral view

576 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the vitta slightly exceeds the dc exteriorly, occupying also the dorsal surface

of the scutellum but not its side-margins; the dark area of the pleurae extending

from ventral surface about to the lower part of the propleura, the prostigmatal

seta, the dorsal extremity of the sternopleura and hypopleura; the pale colora-

tion, however, sometimes produced downwards on a more or less large part of

the sternopleura. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head one-fourth to almost two-fifths higher than long; occipital profile

moderately convex, frontal profile almost straight, facial profile moderately

concave in lower part, the vibrissal angles not very strongly produced, less

projecting than frons, peristomal profile moderately convex, more strongly

ascending though almost straight anteriorly, the vibrissae at mouth-margin,

considerably below level of lower eye-margins. Frons slightly over two-fifths

head-width at vertex, slightly dilated with hardly concave sides to lunula,

where it is almost to fully half as wide as head; frontal triangle slightly passing

middle; interfrontalia about 4 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the

latter with 3-4 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate conspicu-

ously smaller than the posterior one; in addition with some proclinate black

setulae on anterior half or two-thirds. Ocellars and outer verticals strong, inner

verticals very strong. Face not much dilated with slightly concave sides to

lower margin of eyes; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls more than half as wide

again, as third antennal joint. The latter 24 times as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by about half its width; arista short-plumose, the rays of

almost equal length on more than intermediate third, where they are about as

long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with about 6 irregular rows of acy before and 7-8 behind suture,

prsc indistinct or absent; 2+3 strong dc, the first prst dc more than half as

long as the second, the first post de almost as long as the following one; both

post 1a strong, the anterior one only slightly behind level of first post dc; second

npl rather short, pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally.

Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and lower stp/ moderately strong, posterior

stpl very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate with pointed apex; first and second segments each

with a strong lateral marginal, second with 1-2 weak lateral discals, third with

a row of a few very weak discals and a row of strong marginals, fourth with

a row of strong discals and weak marginals.

Wings moderately hyaline with a slight brownish tinge, especially in F,;

i-m with a large round fuscous suffusion, m-m suffused in its entire length.

v, not quite reaching level of y-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell.

4+, and m parallel or very slightly diverging at apex. Calyptrae ochreous with

concolorous border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta and 2 small ad; mid-femur with a row of short

a setae from base to beyond middle, 4-5 fine av setulae at base, 2-3 pv in basal

MUSCIDAE 577

third, the last of them moderately strong, and an.a, p, pd, and sometimes pd

(almost d) preapical, mid-tibia with an ad and 2 p setae; hind femur with an

ad and av row, the latter consisting of rather unequal setae with a strong

preapical as last or last but one, and an a, p and fd preapical, hind tibia with

2 strong ad, 2 av, of which at least the proximal one is rather small, and which

are sometimes followed by a small third av, and a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Nyeri Track, Aberdares, 10,500-11,000 ft. (F.W.E. and J. Ford),

Q type, 7 2 paratypes; Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft. (.W.E.), 3 2 paratypes.

Helina gracilior sp.n. 3°

Length, 6-0-7:8 mm.; of wings, 5-8-6-8 mm.

Fuscous-brown th moderately dense greyish-brown aalitingstey Inter-

frontalia black with brown reflections; parafrontalia silver-grey dusted with a

not very large spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment,

occiput with some greenish-grey reflections. Mesonotum with 2 pairs of

brown-dusted vittae, the paramedian ones slightly diverging and even slightly

curved outwards behind, so that they enclose the pore of the last dc (in the

largest male they are fuscous, less clearly defined and practically fused in

anterior half); the outer ones somewhat broader, lying between the dc and 7a;

the lateral parts of the mesonotum somewhat dull reddish translucent. Abdomen

of female unspotted, of male with a slight paired brownish suffusion on the

second and third segments. Antennae and palpi fuscous (base of palpi reddish

in the largest specimen), legs fuscous-brown with pale ferruginous trochanters,

testaceous knees and posterior tibiae. In female the posterior femora and fore

tibiae also pale, the fore tibiae and the ventral surface of the posterior femora

in male and of anterior femora in female somewhat testaceous translucent.

Head almost to well over two-fifths (3) or one-third (2) higher than long;

occipital profile moderately convex, in male the upper two-fifths almost straight,

frontal profile almost straight with the extremities somewhat convex in female,

more sloping with only the anterior end somewhat convex in male, facial profile

moderately concave below, markedly receding, the vibrissal angles considerably

less projecting in male than the frons; peristomal profile slightly convex in

posterior two-thirds but moderately strongly ascending anteriorly, vibrissae at

mouth-margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-ninth

to one-eighth head-width at middle, one-sixth to one-quarter at vertex and

about one-third at lunula, parafrontalia linear and without any setulae on upper

half, moderately dilated anteriorly with 4—6(-8) inclinate setae, alternate

anterior ones and the posterior ones being small; frons of female almost two-

fifths head-width at vertex, dilated with very slightly convex sides to lunula,

where it is less than one-half (0-45) head-width, frontal triangle reaching middle,

interfrontalia thrice as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 strong

578 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and between them 1-2 small inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the latter somewhat

bent outwards and the upper one somewhat stronger than the lower one.

Ocellars rather strong, inner verticals rather long and, in female, strong, outer

verticals distinct but not very strong in male, moderately strong in female.

Face rather strongly dilated, especially in male where the sides are slightly

convex above, whilst in female they are slightly concave; parafacialia almost

to fully as wide, jowls 1}-2 times as wide as third antennal segment. The

latter 2$ times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width;

arista plumose, the longest rays shorter than width of third antennal segment,

and the length of the rays evenly decreasing from middle to apex.

Thorax with 5-6 irregular rows of acy before and about 8 behind suture,

prsc very small or absent ; 2+-3 long and strong dc; 2 strong post za, the anterior

of which is slightly stronger and lies almost at level of first dc; npl moderately

strong; pra absent, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and

prostigmatal not very strong; anterior and lower stl moderately strong,

posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen elongate, largely parallel-sided with only the fourth segment

conspicuously narrowed (g), or ovate with pointed apex (2); hypopygium of

male not prominent, fourth ventrite with a large triangular excision at apex.

First segment with some rather long lateral discals and marginals, second also

with a few rather strong lateral discals and marginals and between them in

male with a row of weak discals and rather weak marginals, third with (g) or

without (2) a row of rather weak discals in addition to a few stronger lateral

discals, and with a row of strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong (3)

or moderately strong (2) discals and strong (g) or rather weak (2) marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, y-m with a conspicuous roundish

fuscous suffusion, m—m suffused in its entire length. 7, almost reaching level

of r-m, the latter slightly beyond middle of discal cell, tips of 74; and m parallel

or very slightly diverging. Calyptrae greyish white with pale ochreous border

and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a f seta and 1-3 small ad; mid-femur with an a row of

short setae from base to middle, a pv row of about 6 setae in basal half, the

intermediate 2 being strong and long in male, and an a, f, pd and, in male,

a pd (almost d) preapical, mid-tibia with an ad and 2 pf setae; hind femur with

an ad row, an a, p and fd preapical and about 6 av setae, which are rather

short except for a strong preapical one and 2-3 slightly less strong setae basad

of it on apical half, hind tibia with 2 ad near middle, an av at about apical

third, and a rather strong ad and d preapical.

KenyYA: Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type,

I 3, I 2 paratypes.

An additional male from the type locality has 2 ad on the mid-tibiae (see

note 3, p. 523).

MUSCIDAE 579

[Helina spiculata sp.n. 3 °|

Length, 4:5-5°3 mm., of wings, 4°7—4:-5 mm.

Fuscous-black with not very dense grey dust. Interfrontalia dull black

with greyish reflections, parafacialia and, in male, parafrontalia silver-white

dusted with a not very conspicuous spot of blackish reflections at level of

second antennal segment. Mesonotum with 4 not very sharply defined darker,

less dusted vittae, overlaid with some brown pollinosity. Abdomen of male

largely dull-brown dusted on dorsal surface, of female indefinitely greyish-brown

dusted with a stronger greyish tinge laterally and anteriorly on each segment.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head two-fifths ($) or almost a fourth (2) higher than long; occipital profile

moderately convex, more strongly so in female, frontal profile almost straight,

facial profile not very concave, the vibrissal angles somewhat less projecting

than frons; peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, moderately

ascending anteriorly, the vibrissae at mouth-margin, somewhat below level of

lower eye-margins. Frons of male about one-eighth head-width above middle,

one-fourth at vertex and almost one-third at lunula, parafrontalia almost linear

and without any setae in posterior three-fifths, moderately dilated with 4

inclinate setae anteriorly; frons of female more than two-fifths (0-45) head-

width at vertex, hardly dilated with very slightly convex sides to lunula, where

it is almost one-half head-width, frontal triangle apparently reaching lunula,

interfrontalia thrice as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3-4

inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate seta somewhat the weaker

and both somewhat bent outwards. Ocellars strong, inner and outer verticals

of male not very strong though very distinct, of female rather strong. Face

moderately dilated, especially in male, where the sides are just noticeably

broadly convex; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls more than half as wide again,

as third antennal segment. The latter 2} times as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by less than half its own width; arista plumose, the longest

rays somewhat longer than the width of the third antennal segment, and the

length of the rays evenly decreasing from middle to apex.

Thorax with about 6 irregular rows of acr, prsc very fine; 2+-3 strong dc;

2 strong post 1a, the anterior somewhat stronger and hardly behind level of

first post dc; the npl moderately strong, the posterior one somewhat weaker;

pra indistinct; the remaining dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and

prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower s¢f/ rather strong, posterior

one very strong.

Abdomen elongate-ovate in male, short-ovate with pointed apex in female;

hypopygium of male not prominent, fourth ventrite with a deep notch-like

incision, the 2 resulting lobes broad and strongly rounded with 2 rather strong

though short and 2-3 finer setae. First and second segments each with 1-2

580 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

strong lateral marginals and weak lateral discals, the second in male with a

pair of median and of sublateral marginals; third segment with a row of strong

marginals and in male rather weak discals, whilst in female these are restricted

to 1-2 small lateral discals; fourth segment with a row of strong discals and in

male strong, in female not very strong, marginals.

Wings moderately hyaline with a brownish tinge, a round fuscous suffusion .

on y—m and an elongate suffusion over the whole of m-—m. 1, practically reaching

level of ym, the latter just beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and m distinctly (3)

or hardly noticeably () diverging at tip. Calyptrae greyish, somewhat ochra-

ceous towards margin, border and fringe ochraceous. Halteres pale reddish

yellow. -

Legs. fore tibia with a p seta at middle; mid-femur with a row of short a

setae on basal half, an a, p and fd preapical, and a moderately strong pv at

basai fourth, in male in addition with a row of somewhat outstanding fv setulae,

which on apical half become gradually less erect, mid-tibia with 1 ad and 2 p

setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd preapical, 2-3 fine and short

po and about 4 av, the last of which at apical fourth or fifth is strong, hind tibia

with 2 ad and, not much beyond level of the distal ad, with an av, in addition

with a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Londiani, v.36 (H. J. A. Turner), 3 type; Ngong, v.36 (Miss Steele),

I 2 paratype (returned to Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi).

[Helina tricincta Stein]

r9o19, Arch. Naturg. 838 Ar: 125.

Typical locality: ABysstniA: Diredawa. In B.M. from: Kenya: Chyulu

Hills, 5200 ft., v.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.), 2 9. ABYSSINIA.

The two males at hand and two of the Abyssinian females, like the type, have

no p seta on the fore tibiae, whilst this seta is present in the remaining six

females.

Helina rotundiceps sp. n. 3 Q (Fig. 74)

Length, 6-0-6:8 mm.; of wings, 6-2-6:5 mm.

Fuscous-brown or thorax dull ferruginous, with moderately dense grey dust

and a brown-dusted pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with brownish reflections,

parafrontalia and frontal triangle brown dusted, parafacialia with a large and

conspicuous spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment.

Mesonotum with 2 pairs of brown vittae, the. inner ones somewhat diverging

behind, reaching scutellum and exteriorly pore of last dc, the outer ones broad,

divided behind suture by a streak of pale dust, which passes through the za

pores; pleurae with some suffused darker spots, notably one on anterior part

of mesopleura and another on anterior part of sternopleura. Abdomen with a

MUSCIDAE 581

lic. 74.—Helina rolundiceps sp. n., g. Lateral view.

II, 6 (v)

582 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

pair of rather large roundish spots, which are separated by a moderately broad

pale-dusted median vitta, on each of the anterior 3 segments; the strong

setae on thorax and abdomen lying on brown dots, which tend to coalesce with

the brown pattern and, on fourth abdominal segment, with each other. Antennae

fuscous, palpi dull testaceous or brownish with infuscate apex, legs testaceous,

the coxae and the fd surface of the fore femora more or less browned.

Head one-third (3g) or more than one-fourth (2) higher than long; occipital

profile rather strongly. and evenly convex, frontal profile slightly convex (3)

or straight except for the extremities (2), moderately sloping, facial profile

somewhat concave below with the vibrissal angles much less projecting than

frons, peristomal profile moderately strongly convex, more strongly ascending

and almost straight in anterior third, vibrissae at mouth-margin and well below

level of lower eye-margins. Frons less than one-third ($) or two-fifths (9)

head-width at vertex, slightly dilated with almost straight sides to lunula,

where it is more than one-third (g) or less than one-half (0-46, 2°) head-width;

frontal triangle almost or fully reaching middle, interfrontalia 3-5-5 times the

width of a parafrontale, the latter with 2-4 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the

anterior reclinate being considerably weaker than the posterior one, and both

somewhat bent outwards, outwards of the anterior inclinate setae with a few

proclinate black setulae. Ocellars and inner and outer verticals strong. Face

not very strongly dilated with slightly concave side-margins; parafacialia not

quite as wide, jowls half as wide again ($) or almost twice as wide (9), as third

antennal segment. The latter somewhat more than twice as long as wide,

falling short of mouth-margin by its own width; arista short-plumose, the rays

of subequal length to second third, the longest ones about half as long as

diameter of third antennal segment.

Thorax with 2-4 irregular rows of acr before, and 5—6 behind, suture, prsc

absent ; 2+-3 strong dc; only the anterior fost 1a present, strong and lying only

slightly behind level of first post dc; anterior npl moderately strong, posterior

one considerably shorter ; pra absent ; the other dorsal setae developed normally.

Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and lower stp/ very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, in female less oblong with pointed apex ; hypopygium

of male not prominent, fourth ventrite with a deep angular excision, the lobes

broad with obliquely subtruncate inner margin. First and second segments

each with 1-2 strong lateral marginals and rather weak lateral discals, third

with not very strong lateral discals and a marginal row, the median pair of

which is rather weak, fourth in male with a row of strong discals (except for

the median ones) and marginals, in female with a row of rather weak discals

and weak marginals. :

Wings moderately hyaline with a conspicuous brownish tinge; 7m with a

round fuscous suffusion, m-—m with a fuscous suffusion extending over its entire

length; 7, falling considerably short of level of 7m, especially in female, 7—m

MUSCIDAE 583

at almost three-fifths of discal cell; 7,,, and m slightly diverging at apex.

Calyptrae greyish white, subopaque with concolorous or brownish-white border

and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a # and 1-2 small ad setae; mid-femur with a row of

short a setae to beyond middle, a very small and fine av and a somewhat

stronger pu near base, and an a, p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 rather

strong ad and pd; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p, and with or without a

small d preapical, in addition with 5-6 av setae, only the last of which, at

apical sixth, is strong, hind tibia with 2 strong ad, 2-3 much weaker av, and

a strong d and ad preapical.

UGANDA: Mt. Elgon, gooo ft., 7.11.34 (H. B. Johnston), 3 type; Mutangi,

Mt. Elgon, 11,500 ft., viii.34 (J. Ford), 19 paratype. KeEnyA: Mt. Elgon, Heath

Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 2 2 paratypes.

Helina flavitibia sp. n. 3

Length, 6-7 mm.; of wings, 5:4 mm.

Fuscous-brown with greyish-brown dust. Head with shifting fuscous and

light-brown reflections. Interfrontalia dull fuscous-brown with velvety brown

reflections. Mesonotum with a pair of somewhat diverging narrow fuscous-

brown paramedian vittae, which become indistinct towards level of second fost

dc, and with a much broader fuscous-brown vitta outwards of the dc, extending

from the ph to the prst, sa and za, and posteriorly to postalar callosity, remain-

ing separated from the dc by a brown-grey-dusted vitta, which is less than

twice as wide as a dc pore; pleurae with large shifting fuscous and light brown

spots. Abdomen with fuscous dots at the base of the setae and in posterior

view with a narrow fuscous median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous,

the tibiae testaceous.

Head only one-fifth higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly convex,

frontal profile almost straight in anterior two-thirds, but rather convex in

posterior third, facial profile slightly concave, the vibrissal angles not produced

and considerably less projecting than the frons; peristomal profile moderately

convex, not ascending behind but strongly ascending anteriorly, the vibrissae

at mouth-margin, not much below level of lower eye-margins. Frons two-fifths

head-width above middle, very slightly widened to vertex and somewhat more

to lunula, where it is nine-twentieths head-width, the sides distinctly concave;

frontal triangle not quite reaching middle, interfrontalia thrice as wide at

middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, these

somewhat bent outwards and the anterior one weaker, in addition with some

proclinate black setulae on antero-exterior part. Ocellars and inner and outer

verticals very strong. Face slightly widened with the sides distinctly concave

on lower half; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls more than half as wide again,

584 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as third antennal segment. The latter 2} times as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista short-plumose to tip, the

longest rays hardly half as wide as third antennal segment.

Thorax with 2-3 rows of acr in front of suture and 5-6 behind suture, prsc

absent; 2-++3 dc, 2 rather strong post 7a, the anterior one somewhat closer to

level of sa than of first post dc, npl rather short, especially the posterior one,

pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed normally; scutellum somewhat

flattened on dorsal surface, with 2 pairs of short marginal setae, alternating

with the normal strong ones. Propleural, prostigmatal and anterior and lower

stpl moderately strong, posterior stp strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apex obliquely truncate in lateral view, male

hypopygium not prominent, fourth ventrite with a broad triangular excision,

the apex of which is truncate. First and second segments each with a rather

strong lateral marginal and a not very strong lateral discal, third with a strong

marginal row and about 3 lateral discals, fourth with a strong marginal and

discal row.

Wings moderately hyaline, with a brownish-grey tinge, 7-m and m-—m

infuscate and with a slight brown suffusion. 7, not reaching level of v-m; the

latter just beyond middle of discal cell. 7,;,; and m somewhat diverging at tip,

where 74,5 is straight whilst m is gradually and slightly curved backwards.

Calyptrae greyish brown, with ochreous-yellow border and fringe. Halteres

pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p and ad seta; mid-tibia with 2 ad (mid-legs lost since

the key was prepared); hind femur with an ad row, a p and fd preapical and,

just beyond apical fourth, a strong @ preapical, without any outstanding pv

hairs or setae, but with about 8 av setae, which are more or less small except

for the iast but one almost at apical fourth, where it forms a strong preapical,

hind tibia with a strong pd at middle and a small one beyond, 2 strong ad and

2 av, in addition with a strong d and ad preapical.

Ucanpa: Mutangi, Mt. Elgon, 11,500 ft., v.34 (J. Ford), g type.

[Helina testacea Mall.]

1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 225.

Typical locality: KENyA: Embu (type in B.M.). This species is the type

and only species of Trupheopygus Mall., a genus which was sunk by Séguy

(1937, Gen. Ins. 205: 292) as a synonym of Helina.

Helina flavitarsis sp.n. 92

Length, 5:0-7-1 mm.; of wings, 5*8—6:5 mm.

Head fuscous with brownish-grey dust, abdomen of female fuscous with

brownish-grey dust, of male pale testaceous with the dorsum of the third and

MUSCIDAE 585

fourth segments more or less infuscate, thorax pale ferruginous with greyish-

yellow dust. Interfrontalia dull fuscous with greyish reflections, lower part of

face and upper and lower margins of jowls somewhat reddish translucent.

Mesonotum with a pair of brownish bare and less dusted paramedian vittae

and a similar interrupted narrow vitta outwards of the dc; the posterior part

with an infuscate conspicuously grey-dusted median vitta, which is dilated to

scutellum, entirely occupying the disc of the latter. Antennae fuscous, proboscis

pale ferruginous, palpi and legs pale testaceous, the last segment of the tarsi

browned on dorsal surface.

Head one-fifth to one-fourth (3) or one-third (2) higher than long, occipital

profile rather convex, though less so on upper part, frontal profile slightly

convex in upper half, almost straight in lower half, facial profile concave, the

vibrissal angles not produced, much less projecting than the frons, peristomal

profile moderately convex, strongly raised only anteriorly, the vibrissae at

mouth-margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male about

one-third head-width at vertex and at middle, somewhat wider at lunula, of

female almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, just over two-fifths at middle

and slightly wider again at lunula; frontal triangle almost reaching middle,

interfrontalia 5-6 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, these with 2-4

inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the latter somewhat bent outwards and the

anterior one weaker, in addition with 1-3 proclinate black setulae on antero-

exterior extremity. Ocellars and inner verticals very long and strong, outer

verticals of male not very, of female moderately, strong. Face not much dilated

with very slightly concave side-margins; parafacialia about two-thirds as wide,

jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter 2} times as

long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than its own width; arista

plumose to apex, the rays becoming shorter on last third only, the longest ones

about as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 2-3 irregular rows before, and 4-6 behind, suture;

1+3 strong dc, the prst one lying at middle of prst part, only the posterior za

present and rather weak, the m/ rather short, especially the second, pra absent;

the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior

and lower stpl moderately strong, posterior stl very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, in female rather pointed; the apex in male obliquely

truncate in lateral view, the hypopygium not prominent. First and second

segments each with 1-2 strong lateral marginals and less strong lateral

discals, the third with a row of rather weak discals and rather strong

marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and strong ($) or rather weak

(~) marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge, ym with a roundish fuscous

suffusion, ym with an elongate suffusion extending over its entire length.

7, not quite reaching level of ym, the latter somewhat beyond middle of discal

586 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

cell; 7,,,; and m slightly diverging at tip, but subparallel or even somewhat

converging some distance before tip. Calyptrae greyish white with whitish

border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta; mid-femur with an a row of short setae from

base to middle or well beyond, an a, # and fd (and sometimes a small pd—

almost d—) preapical and 1-3 fine and short fv near base, mid-tibia with 1 ad

and 2 / setae; hind femur with an ad row, an av, a, p and pd preapical, in addition

at most with 2-3 very short and fine av setae between base and preapical, hind

tibia with 2 ad, 2-3 av, and a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, 8500 ft., x.34 (J. Ford), 3 type, 1 3

baratype, I 2 paratype, 8000 ft., cedar forest, x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 2° paratype.

Helina trimaculata Stein

1906, Berl. ent. Zeit. 51: 58.

Idiopygus tvimaculatus Stein, Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 6.

? Helina plurinotata Stein, Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 14.

Kenya: Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, gooo ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 2, 8000—gooo

ft., cedar forest, 2g, 19; Katamayo, Aberdares, 8000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 13,19.

Ucanpa: Mt. Sabinio, Kigezi District, 7000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3.

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Langenburg, Lake Nyasa; of plurinotata:

Kenya: Aberdares, 2600-2700 m., lower border of the forests and open prairies.

Recorded from: BELGIAN Conco: Burunga. AByssinIA: Wagira, Gara Mulata;

? Addis Ababa. In B.M. from: BELGIAN ConcGo: Tshibinda, 21-27.viii.21 (Miss

A. Mackie and J. Ogilvie), 1 3, 2 9. Seen from: KENYA: east side of forest of

the Aberdares, 7300 ft., 24.11.11 (T. J. Anderson), 1 3; Embu, 20.xii.13 (G. St.

J. O. Browne), fragment of unknown sex.

The spots on m-—m are separated in all the Aberdare specimens except for

the Katamayo female, where they are fused as in the Mt. Sabinio male and the

Tshibinda specimens. From Stein’s description H. trimaculata might as well

be traced to concholamellata, but the words “‘ Bauchlamellen kaum entwickelt”’

preclude that identification. The type of plurinotata has no mid-legs and the

question of the ad of the mid-tibiae is therefore undecided. Stein synonymized

the two species later, but Curran considered them distinct, without stating his

reasons otherwise than by including them in Jdiopygus and Helina respectively.

Curran’s re-description of tvimaculata at any rate can only refer to the

present species, and there is nothing in Stein’s description to raise doubts

about this identification, as the m-m can be suffused on the extremities

(as described by Curran) or on its entire length (as indicated by Stein).

Apart from the fact that Stein does not mention lateral abdominal spots

in describing plurinotata the description of the latter species also fits the

present one.

MUSCIDAE 587

Helina edwardsiana sp. n. 3 2

Length, 4:3-6:0 mim.; of wings, 4°4-5°3 mm.

Fuscous-black with whitish-grey not very thick dust and a brown-dusted

dark pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with whitish and brownish reflections,

parafacialia with a large spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal

segment. Mesonotum with a pair of narrow dark paramedian vittae from neck

to second fost dc, a median vitta, which gradually tapers anteriorly, from there

to scutellar suture, and a less dusted, not very sharply defined dark and broad

vitta from ph to postalar callosity; pleurae with shifting large fuscous spots,

especially on mesopleura and anterior part of sternopleura. Abdomen with a

pair of rather large brown roundish spots on each of the first three segments,

fourth with a narrow brown median vitta, which in male is confined to basal

half and more or less connected with a pair of paramedian spots on posterior

half so as to form a A-shaped pattern. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the

femora with some grey dust.

Head of male almost two-fifths, of female one-third, higher than long,

occipital profile moderately convex, less so in male, frontal profile very slightly

and evenly convex (3), almost straight but for posterior third (9), facial profile

moderately concave in lower part, the vibrissal angles less projecting than frons,

peristomal profile moderately convex, ascending forwards in its entire length

though more strongly in anterior half, vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below

level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-seventh head-width at middle,

two-sevenths at vertex and almost one-third head-width at lunula, parafrontalia

almost linear, bare except on anterior third, where they carry 2—3 inclinate

setae ; frons of female almost to fully two-fifths head-width at vertex, moderately

dilated with straight sides to lunula, where it is well over two-fifths (0-44) to

almost one-half as wide as the head; frontal triangle reaching middle, the apex

somewhat indefinitely prolonged, interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide as a para-

frontale, the latter with 3—4 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate

somewhat the smaller, in addition with some small black setulae on antero-

exterior part. Ocellars and inner verticals long and, in female, strong, outer

verticals indistinct in both sexes. Face strongly dilated with the sides slightly

convex in upper part in male, not very strongly dilated with the sides slightly

concave below in female; parafacialia in male two-thirds, in female almost, as

wide, jowls half as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter 24 times

as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its width; arista long-

plumose to tip, the rays becoming quickly shorter in apical two-fifths, the longest

ones almost twice as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 5-6 irregular rows of acr, of the frst ones one rather regular

row runs along the outer side of each of the paramedian vittae, prsc absent ;

2+3 strong dc; only the posterior post 7a present, rather weak; fl not very

588 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

strong, especially the second; pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower propleural moderately strong (in

male less strong), anterior stp/ somewhat stronger, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen of male oblong-ovate, of female ovate with pointed apex; hypo-

pygium of male slightly prominent, the fourth ventrite strongly convex and

rather prominent, with a rather deep triangular excision, which separates two

lobes with almost straight inner but rather strongly rounded apical margin,

these lobes falling short of the apical level of the fourth tergite by more than

their own length. Hairs of abdomen rather long in male, especially at sides,.

the setae thus not very conspicuous among them; first segment with 1-2 lateral

marginals and discals, second in female with the same setae, in male with a row

of marginals and discals, which are short except at sides, third with a row of

small discals and strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and

strong ($) or weak (2) marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge; the node at the base of 74,; and

the transverse vein at the base of the discal cell slightly suffused, -m with a

large round fuscous suffusion, m-m broadly suffused with fuscous on its whole

length. 7, virtually reaching level of 7m, the latter beyond middle of discal

cell; 74,; and m parallel or very slightly diverging at tip. Calyptrae whitish

with concolorous or yellowish border and fringe. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta; mid-femur with a row of very short a setae

trom base to beyond middle, ana, p, pd, and sometimes a fd, almost d, preapical,

in male 2 rows of longer av setulae and about 4 long pv on basal half, which

gradually merge into a row of long setulae (in female only 1 strong pu proximad

of basal third), mid-tibia with 2 f setae; hind femur with an ad row, 5-6 (3)

or 3 (2) long and, on apical half, strong av, an a, f and pd preapical, in male

in addition with numerous rather long fv hairs, especially on basal half; hind

tibia with 1-2 strong ad and a d and ad preapical, but without an av submedian

seta.

UGANDA: Fort Portal, Ruwenzori, 4.xii.34 (F.W.E.), g type; Mabungo,

Kigezi District, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), 3 2 paratypes. BELGIAN CONGO:

Tshibinda, 21—27.vili.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 3 without a head.

Helina bequaerti Curr.

Idiopygus bequaerti Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 4.

Ucanpba: Mt. Muhavura, Kigezi District, 7000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 6,

10,000-12,000 ft., 1 J, Mt. Mgahinga, Kigezi District, 8000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.),

4 6, 4 9; Mt. Sabinio, Kigezi District, 7000-8000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 4 3;

Kanaba, Kigezi District, 7500-7800 ft., x1.34 (F.W.E.), 1 5,492; Mt. Karangora,

Ruwenzori, 9900 ft., xii.34-1.35 (F.W.E.), 1 g. Brtcian Conco: Tshibinda,

viil.31 (Miss A. Mackie), 1 2. Typical locality: BELGIAN ConGo: Rueru, S.W.

Mikeno, 9500 ft.

MUSCIDAE 589

The fore femora of the female are always, of the male often, wholly black,

the typical coloration of the male fore femora being pale orange on basal third

and black on apical two-thirds. Dr. Curran has kindly lent me the type.

Helina sciarivora sp. n. ¢°

Length, 5-5-6:5 mm.; of wings, 5-5—6-9 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately dense slightly cinereous whitish-grey dust

and a brown-dusted dark pattern. Interfrontalia, dull black, in female with

strong grey reflections, parafacialia with a large and, in female, conspicuous

spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment. Mesonotum

with a pair of narrow, hardly diverging brown paramedian vittae from neck to

second fost dc and a median vitta from suture to apex of scutellum, or extending

less far on one or both extremities and often coalescing with the paramedian

vittae, especially in male; in addition with a more or less incomplete broad

vitta from the ph to the postalar callosity, this vitta is interrupted before hind

end and divided by a tongue of pale dust, which stretches forwards above the

sa, sometimes this vitta is quite vestigial, especially in female; pleurae narrowly

brown dusted along dorsal and posterior margins of mesopleurae and at the

base of the wings. Abdomen with a pair of sometimes very faint, but as a rule

strongly contrasting, rounded or subtriangular spots, which are not very large

even on the intermediate segments, third and especially fourth as a rule with

an incomplete or vestigial median vitta and with brown dots at the base of the

strongest setae. Antennae, palpi, tarsi and at least the apical half of the fore

femora fuscous, apex of posterior femora somewhat browned to fuscous, fore

tibiae often infuscate.

Head of male more than two-fifths to virtually one-half, of female almost

one-third to more than two-fifths, higher than long, occipital profile moderately

convex, the upper two-fifths almost straight in male, frontal profile straight in

anterior half, slightly convex in upper half, facial profile moderately concave,

somewhat more so in male, vibrissal angles slightly produced, somewhat less

projecting than frons, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds,

moderately ascending and almost straight anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-

margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-sixth

to one-eighth head-width at middle, about half as wide again at vertex, and

almost to fully twice as wide at lunula, parafrontalia almost linear and entirely

bare on posterior three-fifths, with 3-5 inclinate setae on anterior third or

two-fifths; frons of female almost two-fifths head-width at vertex, moderately

dilated with almost straight sides to lunula, where it is more than two-fifths

(0:42-0:44) head-width, frontal triangle reaching middle, its sides somewhat

concave, interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide as a parafrontale, the latter with 3

inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, these somewhat curved outwards and the anterior

590 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

one somewhat weaker, in addition with some black setulae outwards of the

setae. Ocellars and inner verticals strong; outer verticals weak or indistinct in

male, rather small in female. Face rather strongly dilated in male with the sides

very slightly convex in upper part, moderately dilated in female with the sides

slightly concave, parafacialia two-thirds as wide or almost (some females) as

wide, jowls 14-2 times as wide as third antennal segment. The latter 24-2 times

as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its own width;

arista plumose, the longest rays one-fourth longer than the width of the third

antennal segment.

Thorax with 4-5 irregular rows of acy in front of and 5-6 behind suture,

prsc absent; 2+-3 very strong dc; only the hind za present, strong; pra absent

or indistinct, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and

prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower stp/ strong, posterior one

very strong.

Abdomen of female subovate with pointed apex, of male subcylindrical,

slightly flattened, with the hypopygium somewhat prominent, lobes of fourth

ventrite convex, conspicuously raised, separated by a deep cleft, their inner

margins almost contiguous, only very slightly diverging, their apical margins

strongly rounded and their surface adorned with numerous long and fine setae,

especially on apical half. The first and second segments each with one or a few

strong lateral marginals and less strong lateral discals, in male the first segment

with a row of weak marginals and the second with a row of weak marginals

and discals connecting the lateral ones, third with a row of weak discals and

strong marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and strong, in female not

so strong, marginals.

Wings (Pl. X, Fig. 10) subhyaline with a conspicuous brownish tinge,

y-m With a rounded fuscous suffusion, m—m with an elongate suffusion, which

extends over its whole length, and which is somewhat broader anteriorly, the

two suffusions separated by at least about twice the width of the anterior

suffusion. 7, not quite reaching or slightly exceeding (in one male) level of 7m,

the latter beyond or at middle of discal cell; 74,; and m slightly diverging at

extreme tip, 74;,; being very shallowly sinuous, m gradually and slightly curved

backwards. Calyptrae greyish white subopaque, with yellowish border and

fringe. Halteres pale yellow.

Legs: with a p and 1-2 small ad setae; mid-femur with a row of short a

setae from base to beyond middle, an a, p, pd anda small fd (almost @) preapical,

and in male about 4, in female o—2 pv in basal half, mid-tibia with an ad and 2 p

setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd preapical, and in male 3 rather

fine and short pv (at basal fifth, middle and three-fifths) and an av row, the

last 6-7 setae of which on apical two-thirds are very long and strong, some of

them twice as long as the greatest width of the femur, in female only 4 av, the

last two of which, just beyond middle and three-quarters, are rather strong,

MUSCIDAE 501

hind tibia with a fd seta at middle, 2 strong ad, a strong ad and d preapical,

and 1-2 fv (fine but rather long in male), in male in addition with 3-5 long

erect pv hairs from basad of middle to apical third or fourth, some of these

hairs about thrice as long as the tibial diameter.

Ucanpba: Mt. Karangora, Ruwenzori, 9900 ft., xii.34-1.35 (I’.W.E.), d type,

5 6, 22 paratypes; Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 8300 ft., xi1.34-1.35 (F.W.E.)

I 9 paratype; Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., xi1.34-1.35 (D. R.

Buxton), 2 2° paratypes.

The Namwamba specimen is mounted with its prey, a male Sczarva thoracica

Macq.

Helina concholamellata sp. n. 39

Length, 5:2-6-6 mm. ; of wings, 4:9-6-3 mm.

Fuscous-black with moderately dense somewhat bluish-grey pollinosity and

a dark pattern, which is overlaid with dark brown dust. Interfrontalia dull

black with brownish and greyish reflections; parafrontalia with a large, in

female conspicuous, spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal

segment. Mesonotum rather shining with 4 fuscous vittae, from which the

bluish-white dust is absent, being replaced by thin and inconspicuous dark-

brown dust, the paramedian vittae narrow, not or hardly diverging, reaching

level of second fost dc, the median vitta with hardly any brown dust, absent

from scutellum or continued there by some brown pollinosity, the outer vitta

broad and complete, enclosing the ph, prst, ca, sa and postalars; pleurae with

some rather large shifting fuscous spots. Abdomen with paired more or less

large triangular dorsal spots on the anterior three segments, the ventro-lateral

surface ($) or the posterior half of the lateral surface (2) brown dusted and

usually connected by brown dust along hind margin with the dorsal spots,

fourth segment in male with a large triangular spot, the apex of which reaches

the fore margin, in female with a median vitta and a lateral spot, which may

coalesce. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the tibiae often brownish translucent.

Head of male almost to fully one-half, of female more than one-fourth to

almost two-fifths higher than long, occipital profile moderately convex, in male

almost straight in upper two-fifths, frontal profile almost straight with the

posterior end somewhat convex, in male rather sloping; facial profile moderately

concave, vibrissal angles less projecting than frons, peristomal profile almost

straight in posterior half, gradually somewhat ascending anteriorly, the vibrissae

at mouth-margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. [rons of male

one-seventh to one-ninth head-width at middle, one-fourth at vertex and only

slightly more than one-fourth at lunula, parafrontalia almost linear and per-

fectly bare on posterior three-fifths, with 3(—5) inclinate setae on anterior part;

frons of female almost four-fifths head-width at vertex, moderately dilated

592 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with almost straight sides to lunula, where it is well over two-fifths (0-44—0-45)

head-width; frontal triangle (?) reaching anterior third, interfrontalia almost

4 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 2-3 inclinate and

2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate slightly the weaker, a few black setulae

present outwards of the inclinate setae. Ocellars and inner verticals long and

strong, outer verticals in male fine but rather distinct, in female distinct but

rather short. Face fairly strongly dilated in male with the sides slightly

convex above, moderately dilated in female with the sides slightly concave;

parafacialia almost, jowls 1}-2 times, as wide as third antennal segment.

The latter 2}-3 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by

almost its own width in male and by less than half its width in female; arista

long-plumose, the longest rays almost twice as long as the width of the third

antennal segment.

Thorax with 6 irregular rows of acr before and 7-8 behind suture, prsc absent

or indistinct ; 24-3 very strong dc; only the hind za present, not very or moder-

ately strong; pra absent, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural

and prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and especially lower stl strong,

posterior stf/ very strong.

Abdomen of female subovate with pointed apex, of male subcylindrical,

slightly flattened, with the hypopygium somewhat prominent, especially the

very convex fourth ventrite, the lobes of which are separated by a very deep

cleft, their inner margins almost contiguous, only very slightly diverging, their

apical margins strongly rounded, and their surface with 4—6 long and strong

and some shorter setae on apical half; first and second segments with 1—2 strong

lateral marginals and less strong lateral discals, in male the first segment with

a rather indistinct row of marginals and the second with a conspicuous row of

marginals and a rather inconspicuous row of discals connecting the lateral ones,

third with a row of weak but at least in male distinct discals and of strong

marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and strong ($) or rather weak (9)

marginals, in female sometimes with a few rather strong setae somewhat in

front of the marginals.

Wings (Pl. X, Fig. 11) subhyaline, somewhat smoky, especially along the

fore margin, 7-m with a large roundish fuscous suffusion, m-—m with a band-

shaped suffusion, which is considerably wider at anterior end, where it is

sometimes fused or almost fused with the spot on 7—m, the two spots separated

by not more than the width of the spot on 7—-m (only in the Tshibinda males

they are separated by a slightly wider distance and in the Tshibinda females

by 14 times the width of that spot). 7, almost or fully reaching level of 7—m,

the latter beyond middle of discal cell; 74;; and m very slightly diverging at

extreme tip, 7,;, being very slightly sinuous and m evenly but not very markedly

curved backwards. Calyptrae whitish subopaque with concolorous border and

fringe. Halteres whitish yellow or pale reddish yellow.

MUSCIDAE 593

Legs. fore tibia with a p seta and 1-2 small ad; mid-femur with a row of

short a setae from base to beyond middle, an a, p, pd and pd (almost d) preapical,

the av hairs slightly longer in male towards apical part, and with 2-3 ($) or

o-1 (9) fine and short pv, mid-tibia with an ad and 2 / setae; hind femur with

an ad row; an a, p and fd preapical, an av row, which is formed as in sczarivora,

and in male 3-4 fv, of which the proximal ones are stout and spinelike and

placed at basal fourth or fifth and middle or second fifth, hind tibia with a pd,

2 (or 1) ad and an av, in male in addition with a few setulose hairs on pv and

sometimes a surfaces, these hairs not or only slightly longer than the tibial

diameter.

UcGanba: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., xii.34-1.35 (E.G. Gibbins),

$ type, 3 gd, 3 & paratypes, (F.W.E.), 3 3g, 4 & paratypes; Mobuku Valley,

Ruwenzori, 7300 ft., xii.34-1.35 (F.W.E.), 2 3, 2 9 paratypes; Bwamba

Valley, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 1 9 (returned to Dr. V. G. L. van

Someren); W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.46 (van Someren), 1 3 paratype (in

coll. van Someren). BELGIAN Conco: Tshibinda, 21-27.viii.31 (Miss A. Mackie),

2 g paratypes, 2 9.

The male is easily distinguished from tvimaculata and edwardsiana by the

fourth ventrite, which is much longer, very convex transversely, and furnished

in its apical half with long setae, which are longer and stronger than the ventral

marginal setae of the tergites, whilst in the other two species only fine long

hairs are present, which are much finer and shorter than the ventral marginals

of the tergites. The females can, however, only be distinguished from those

two species by the ad seta of the mid-tibiae. If these tibiae are missing,

as in the two Tshibinda females, the distinction becomes rather difficult,

only the greater size and the less-developed spicules of the costa remaining

as characters.

A single female from Mabungo, Kigezi District, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford)

would have to be placed near concholamellata in the key, but it can hardly be

this species, as the spicules of the costa are rather long and the abdominal

spots roundish and smaller, less dark brown, whilst the abdomen is more densely

dusted. A similar female without abdomen is at hand from Bwamba Pass,

29.vili.3t (E. G. Gibbins).

Helina hypopygialis sp. n. ¢Q (Fig. 75)

Length, 5:3-7:1 mm.; of wings, 5-6-6:8 mm.

Fuscous-black with bluish-grey dust and a brown-dusted pattern. Inter-

frontalia dull black, parafrontalia and face silver-white dusted with a large

spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment, the parafron-

talia of the male more or less brown dusted, at least behind. Thorax with 3

broad dark-brown vittae, the median one extending from neck to apex, or

594 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

almost apex, of scutellum, and almost reaching the dc laterally, which le on

a narrow pale-dusted vitta; the outer dark vitta extending from the ph to the

postalars and enclosing these and the prs?, 1a and sa. Abdomen with a pair

of moderately large brown triangular spots on the first to fourth segments, in

female the fourth with a brown median vitta only; the triangles reaching hind

margin with their entire base, and their apices extending to or towards para-

median part of front margin; the ventral hind margins of the segments also as

a rule more or less broadly brown dusted and continuous with the outer angles

of the triangles; fourth ventrite of male more thinly dusted and shining black.

Antennae, palpi and much of the legs fuscous, the basal half of the fore femora

and three-fourths to four-fifths of the posterior ones pale ferruginous, mid-

tibiae somewhat ferruginous translucent apically, and hind tibiae pale ferru-

ginous, except at base.

Head almost a third to more than two-fifths ($) or a fourth to three-tenths

(2) higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly convex, especially in female,

frontal profile almost straight with the posterior third somewhat convex, in

male strongly sloping, facial profile moderately concave, the vibrissal angles

in male somewhat less, in female fully as much, projecting as the frons, peri-

stomal profile almost straight in posterior half or two-thirds, moderately

ascending and almost straight anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below

level of lower eye-margins. Eyes with sparse hairs, frons of male one-sixth to

one-seventh head-width at middle, twice as wide at lunula and about a quarter

head-width at vertex, parafrontalia bare (in the type with a proclinate seta on

one side) and almost linear on more than upper half, and with 3-4 inclinate

setae, between which 1-2 fine ones are usually interspersed; frons of female

about two-fifths head-width at vertex, and nearer one-half head-width at lunula,

frontal triangle passing middle and in certain views extended to lunula as a

pale-dusted line, interfrontalia about thrice as wide as a parafrontale, the latter

with 2-3 inclinate and 2 subequal (the anterior one usually slightly smaller)

reclinate setae, in addition with some proclinate black setulae on anterior half.

Ocellars and interior verticals long and strong, exterior verticals small but

very distinct in male, moderately strong in female. Face rather strongly dilated

_ in male with the sides distinctly convex in upper part, moderately dilated in

female with the sides somewhat concave; parafacialia almost as wide, jowls

almost twice as wide, as the third antennal segment. The latter twice as long

as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by one-half to almost fully its own

width; arista plumose with not very dense rays, the longest of which are almost

as long as the diameter of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 4-6 irregular rows of acy before and 6-8 behind suture, prsc

absent; 2+-3 very strong dc; only the posterior 7a present, rather strong; pra

absent or indistinct, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and

prostigmatal moderately strong, anterior and lower sff/ strong, posterior one

BiG. 75.

MUSCIDAE

Helina hypopygialis sp. n., 3-

Lateral view.

5906 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

very strong; lower extremity of the sternopleura between the fore and mid-coxae

with an irregular transverse row of numerous long black erect bristles, which

are somewhat wavy at tips and appear almost tuft-like.

Abdomen of female subovate with somewhat pointed apex and rather

flattened; of male subcylindrical, somewhat convex in longitudinal direction,

the hypopygium large and strongly prominent, fifth segment broadly exposed

and with strong bristle-like hairs, the sixth conspicuously projecting dorsally

and posteriorly; fourth ventrite very strongly convex and projecting, with a

deep, narrowly ogival excision, the two resulting lobes very large and long, with

broadly rounded apical margin. First and second segments with 1-2 strong

lateral marginals and less strong lateral discals, in male these tend to be con-

nected on the second segment by a weak discal and marginal row; third segment

with a weak (in female stronger) discal and a strong marginal row, fourth with

a strong discal and in male a strong, in female a weak, marginal row, fifth and

sixth segments of male with long and erect bristle-like hairs, which do not,

however, form distinct rows.

Wings not very hyaline, rather smoky, the node at the base of 7,,,; infuscate,

y-m with an intensive fuscous rounded suffusion, m-—m suffused on its entire

length. 7, almost reaching level of rm, the latter beyond or at middle of discal

cell; 7,,, and m slightly diverging at tip. Calyptrae greyish subopaque,

ochraceous towards and on border, with pale golden fringe. Halteres reddish

yellow. i

Legs: fore tibia with 2, in male rather long and fine, setae; mid-femur with

an a row of short setae from base to beyond middle, an a, p, pd and fd (almost d)

preapical, and, in female, an av and fv row on basal two-fifths, these rows

consisting of small setae, but the distal 1-3 stronger, in male the av and pv

surfaces with long and strong setulose hairs on basal half to three-fifths, the

v surface with gradually finer and shorter erect hairs, the tips of these hairs

wavy except for those of some stronger straight and pointed bristles near middle

of pu and especially av surfaces; mid-tibia with 2 ad and 2 p setae; hind femur

with an ad row, an a, p and fd preapical, and, in female, an av row with 2

stronger setae at apex and 2-4 near middle, a seta near middle and the proximal

pleapical being the strongest ones, in male with a stronger av row, a very

strong, almost v seta slightly basad of middle, 2 pu setae opposite the v one

and 2-3 pv setulae at apex, hind tibia with a fd seta somewhat basad of middle,

2(-3) ad and in male no, in female 1(—2) av, in addition with a strong d and

somewhat less strong ad preapical and, in male, an apical v pad of very dense,

erect short and stubby setulae.

UcanpaA: Mt. Mgahinga, Kigezi District, 10,o00-11,000 ft., x1.34 (F.W.E.),

3 type; 6 J, 18 2 paratypes; Mt. Muhavura, Kigezi District, 10,000—20,000 ft.,

x1.34 (F.W.E.), 5 3,7 2 paratypes; Bwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, vii.45 (G. R. C.

van Someren), i 2 (returned to Dr. V. G. L. van Someren).

MUSCIDAE 507

[Helina quadruplex Stein]

Mydaea quadvuplex Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 489.

Idiopygus quadruplex Stein, Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 5.

Kenya: Chyulu Hills, 5200-6000 ft., 1v—vu.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.),

12 6,152.

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho (type seen). Reported from Kenya:

Kijabé (Stein).

Stein did not mention the tuft of setules on the hind trochanters of. the

male, but otherwise his description applies perfectly to the present series of

specimens. The hypopleura is devoid of setulose hairs in this species and the

following new subspecies. In Stein’s type the frons is hardly wider than the

third antennal segment, whilst in the Chyulu specimens it is about twice as wide.

[Helina quadruplex naivashensis ssp. n. 3 9]

KenyA: Naivasha, vii.36, vil.37, iv.40o (H. J. A. Turner), 3 type, II 3

paratypes, 16 9 paratypes.

The female is indistinguishable from that of the type species, but the male

differs considerably from that of quadruplex in the secondary sexual characters

of the hind legs, no differences being evident on the rest of the body. In

naivashensis the trochanters lack the curious brush of equally long dense curved

setulae which is present in guadruplex, ulundi, etc.; the trochanters are instead

covered with the usual unequal setulose hairs. The hind femora have in addition

to the normal bristles numerous very long setulose av and pu hairs, the apices

of which are somewhat wavy, the hind tibiae have considerably longer av and

v hairs and long p and, on the intermediate and to a lesser extent apical third,

long erect p and fv hairs, 2-4 times as long as the tibial diameter.

In both quadruplex and ssp. natvashensis the claws and pulvilli of the male

fore tarsi are very long, and the last tarsal segment is therefore conspicuously

dilated at apex.

Helina penicillata sp. n. ¢°

Length, 5:6-5:8 mm.; of wings, 5*2-5°5 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense whitish-grey pollinosity and a brown-

dusted pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with whitish-grey reflections, para-

facialia silver-white dusted, in female with a large spot of fuscous reflections

at level of second antennal segment. Thorax with a pair of narrow paramedian

vittae from neck to beyond second fost dc, these vittae slightly widening and

diverging posteriorly, so that their outer margin touches the pore of the second

post dc; a wedge-shaped median vitta from second post de to base (Q) or beyond

middle ($) of scutellum, these vittae tending to fuse in male; the sublateral

vitta from behind the ph to the postalars interrupted before the latter and at

II, 6 (s)

598 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

suture, its post part divided longitudinally by a pale-dusted streak over the za

and often reduced to some small streaks and spots. First to fourth abdominal

segments of male with a pair of ovate somewhat oblique brown spots, which

are adjacent to, though not quite contiguous with, the hind margin and tend

to extend towards paramedian part of base, in addition with vestiges of a

median vitta, in female the intermediate segments with similar spots and the

second to fourth with a median vitta. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the

tibiae fuscous-brown, the femora somewhat grey dusted.

Head two-fifths (3) or almost one-third (2) higher than long, occipital profile

rather strongly convex, frontal profile almost straight in female, very slightly

convex and moderately sloping in male; facial profile not very concave, the

vibrissal angles less projecting than frons; peristomal profile moderately convex

(3) or almost straight (2) in posterior two-thirds, moderately ascending an-

teriorly, the vibrissae at mouth-margin, well below level of lower eye-margins.

Frons of male over one-fifth head-width at middle, one-fourth to three-tenths

head-width at vertex and one-third head-width at lunula, parafrontalia one-

sixth the width of the interfrontalia at middle, without any setae on posterior,

and with 4-5 inclinate ones on anterior half; in female the frontal triangle

reaching anterior third, interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide at middle as a para-

frontale, the latter with 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate

somewhat the smaller, in addition with an irregular row of proclinate black

setulae on anterior half. Ocellars and inner verticals long and strong, outer

verticals small. Face rather strongly dilated in male, with the sides just

noticeably convex, moderately dilated in female with the sides slightly concave

above and below; parafacialia almost fully, jowls 13-2 times, as wide as third

antennal segment. The latter 2-23 times as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by more than its own width; arista plumose, the longest rays

in male distinctly longer than, in female about as long as, width of third

antennal segment.

Thorax with 4-5 irregular rows of acy before and 6-8 behind suture, prsc

very fine; 2+3 strong dc, both post 1a present, moderately strong, the anterior

one slightly before level of sa, posterior wf/ much shorter.than anterior one,

pra small to indistinct; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural,

prostigmatal and lower stfl moderately strong, anterior s¢f/ strong, posterior

one very strong; lower extremity of sternopleurae between the coxae with more

numerous dense bristles in male, the apices of these curved backwards.

Abdomen of female subovate, of male subcylindrical with rather prominent

hypopygium, fifth segment rather broadly exposed and bristly, sixth con-

spicuously projecting backwards, fourth ventrite with a rather deep ogival

excision, the apex of which is prolonged forward by a narrowly ovate extension

of the excision, the lobes broad and evenly rounded at apex. First and second

segments with a strong lateral marginal, the second laterally with the beginning

MUSCIDAE 599

of a marginal row, third with a strong marginal and, in male, a weak discal

row, fourth with a strong discal and, in male a strong, in female a weak, marginal

row, fifth segment of male with long erect stiff setulae, among them about three

stronger ones on each side near hind margin.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, a smallish sooty brown suffusion

on 7y-m and another even less intensive one over the whole length of m—m.

Costal spine much longer than 7m, 7, almost reaching level of ym, the latter

beyond middle (in male nearer three-fifths) of discal cell; 74,; and m slightly

diverging at tip. Calyptrae whitish grey, subopaque, somewhat ochraceous

yellow towards border, the latter pale ochraceous with pale golden fringe.

Halteres dull reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a / seta but with 1-2 small ad, which are distinct

especially in female; mid-femur with a row of short a setae to beyond middle

and an a, p, pd and pd (almost d) preapical, in male in addition with some

longer erect av and v hairs on somewhat more than basal half and with 4-5

long pv in basal half, mid-tibia with 2(—3) p setae; hind femur with a strong ad

row, an a, p and fd preapical and in female 3 strong av (one at basal fourth,

one shortly beyond middle, and one at apical fourth), in male with a row of

rather numerous fine long av setae, 3-4 of which, at and beyond middle, are

stronger, rather numerous erect hairs on basal half of v and pu surfaces and 2-3

pv setae at and beyond middle, hind tibia with 2 ad and in female 1, in male

no, av, with a strong d and ad preapical and in male, where the hind tibia is

rather evenly and slightly curved inwards to apex, with a small v apical pad

of short stubby black setulae.

CAMEROONS: Mt. Cameroon, First Plateau, 12.1.32, flying (IM. Séeele), J type,

I 2 paratype; Second Plateau, gooo ft., 1 2 paratype; Musake, Mt. Cameroon,

6350 ft., 8.1.32, at light (MM. Steele), 1 g paratype; Mann’s Quelle, 7400 ft.,

4.11.32, on grassland (M. Steele), 1 2° paratype.

Helina lobilamellata sp. n. 32

Length, 5°7~-7:3 mm.; of wings, 5:5-6-8 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense whitish-grey pollinosity and a brown-dusted

pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with whitish reflections, parafacialia silver-

white dusted with a large spot of blackish reflections at level of second antennal

segment. Mesonotum with a pair of paramedian vittae, which are almost

undusted from neck to half-way between the first and second frst de and brown

dusted and broadened from there to somewhat beyond second fost dc; they

diverge slightly, and their outer margin touches the second frst and first fost

dec and more or less encloses. the second fost dc; in addition with a median vitta

towards and on scutellum, and a streak of brown dust from the //: or somewhat

behind it to the sa, the 7a and last de on a brown dot; a brown spot mediad

600 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and caudad to the posterior postalar. Mesopleura with a slight brown suf-

fusion on upper posterior part. Abdomen with a pair of roundish brown spots

on second to third (9) or fourth (¢) segments and with brown dots at the

stronger setiferous pores. Antennae, palpi, tarsi, coxae, male femora and female

fore femora fuscous; trochanters, knees, posterior femora of female, and tibiae

pale testaceous; the mid-femora of the female at middle and the fore tibiae of

the male somewhat infuscate.

Head of male almost two-fifths to fully one-half higher than long, of female

two-fifths higher than long, occipital profile moderately convex, in male less

so in upper third, frontal profile almost straight, in male rather strongly sloping,

facial profile moderately concave, the vibrissal angles less projecting than frons,

peristomal profile almost straight or moderately convex in posterior two-thirds,

strongly ascending and almost straight in anterior third, vibrissae at mouth-

margin, well below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-fifth head-

width at middle, more than a quarter head-width at vertex and about a third

head-width at lunula, parafrontalia about one-fourth to one-fifth the width of

the interfrontalia and without any setae on posterior half, moderately dilated

and with 3-4 strong and 1-2 interspersed small inclinate setae on anterior half;

frons of female more than a third head-width at vertex, evenly dilated with

straight sides to lunula, where it is more than two-fifths head-width, frontal

triangle passing middle, the sides subparallel anteriorly, interfrontalia less than

thrice as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 3—4 inclinate and

2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate seta smaller; the anterior outer part

with a group of black setulae. Ocellars and interior verticals long and strong,

the outer verticals rather short but conspicuous. Face strongly dilated with

virtually straight sides in male, moderately dilated with somewhat concave

sides in female; parafacialia almost or fully as wide, jowls almost or fully

twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter 2-24 times as long as

wide, falling short of mouth-margin by its own width; arista plumose, the rays

not very numerous and evenly decreasing in length beyond middle, the longest

ones not or not much longer than the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 4-5 irregular rows before and 5~—7 behind suture,

prsc conspicuous; 2-+3 very strong dc; 2 strong post ia, the anterior one about

half-way between levels of first and second fost dc; pra small but distinct, the

other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural and prostigmatal rather

strong, anterior and lower stf/ strong, auxiliary (anterior lower) s¢fl rather fine

but distinct, posterior stfl very strong; lower extremity of sternopleura with

rather dense black bristles, which form a not very compact tuft.

Abdomen of female ovate with pointed apex, of male oblong-ovate to

truncate-subconical, strongly convex, hypopygium strongly prominent, fifth

tergite rather broadly exposed and with quite long bristles; sixth tergite very

convex, more or less projecting backwards; fourth ventrite rather convex and

MUSCIDAE 601

projecting with a deep and large ovate or subcordate excision, the apex of

which is produced forwards by a narrowly ovate excision, whilst the lobes are

very broad and approach each other behind the excision, each lobe with 2-4

short and stout setae, which are directed mediad, close to inner margin and

with the normal setulose hairs. First and second abdominal segments with 1-2

rather strong lateral marginals and discals, the second in male even with a

weak marginal row, third in female with lateral discals and a strong marginal

row, in male with a rather weak discal and a strong marginal row, fourth with

a strong discal and in male a strong, in female a weak, marginal row.

Wings not very hyaline with a slight brownish tinge, the node at the base

of 74,5 Slightly suffused, ym with a round fuscous suffusion, m—m with a round

suffusion on either extremity, the anterior one separated from that on y—-m by

more than twice its own width. Costal spine longer than y-m. 7, not quite

reaching level of ym, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; m—m rather oblique,

the anterior apical angle of the discal cell therefore sharp, the posterior one

obtuse; 744; and m distinctly diverging at tip. Calyptrae greyish white sub-

opaque with whitish or pale testaceous border and fringe. Halteres pale

reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without (the male paratype on one side with) a p but with

2 quite distinct ad setae; mid-femur with a row of short a setae on basal half,

an a, p, pd and pd (almost d) preapical, and in female a single strong pv at

basal third, in male 3-6 strong pv from basal fourth to second third, mid-tibia

with 2 strong p setae; hind trochanter of male with a small tuft of dense short

black-setulae, the tips of which are curved backwards, hind femur with an ad

row, an a, p and fd preapical and in female 4 av, the last three of which (at two-

fifths, three-fifths and four-fifths) are strong; in male an av row, the last 6

setae of which on apical two-thirds are very long and strong; there is a shorter

row of weaker more a and of very weak more v setae present on third and

fourth fifths; hind tibia with 2 ad and in male without, in female with an av

seta, in addition with a strong d and ad preapical ($2) and in male with a v

apical pad of short and dense stubby black setulae.

CAPE PROVINCE: Stellenbosch, 17.ix.21 (Ch. K. Brain), 3 type, I 8 paratype

(mounted on one pin); French Hoek, 40 miles. from Cape Town, xi-xii.30

(H. W. Simmonds), I 3 paratype.

{Helina major Curran]

Idiopygus major Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 3.

S.E. Arrica: Witzieshoek (Janson), 1 g paratype in coll. Wainwright, which

Mr. C. J. Wainwright has been kind enough to send me on loan. The characters

in the key have been taken or checked from this paratype as well as from the

type kindly lent by D.. Curran.

602 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Helina longivittata sp. 1. 2

Length, 5:3-6:2 mm.; of wings, 5:2-5°6 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense whitish-grey dust and a brown-dusted

pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with grey reflections, parafacialia silver-white

with a large spot of black reflections at level of second antennal segment. .

Thorax with a pair of brown-dusted vittae from neck (where they are blackish

and almost undusted) to the last dc, these vittae somewhat broader behind and

reaching the pores of the post dc laterally, in addition with a median vitta

towards and on scutellum (in type reaching its apex) and an outer vitta from

the ph to beyond the sa (with the vestige of a narrow inner branch between the

de and za and a brown dot at the base of each of the postalars). Abdomen

with a pair of subtriangular to roundish moderately large spots on the anterior

three segments, a median vitta on the fourth, and with brown dots at the base

of the setae. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the femora grey dusted, tro-

chanters, knees and tibiae more or less ferruginous translucent.

Head almost two-fifths higher than long, occipital profile moderately convex,

frontal profile straight with the extremities rather markedly convex, facial

profile moderately concave, the vibrissal angles almost as much projecting as

the frons, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds, rather

strongly ascending and straight anteriorly, vibrissae at mouth-margin, some-

what below level of lower eye-margins. Frons almost two-fifths head-width at

vertex, slightly dilated with straight sides to lunula, where it is more than

two-fifths (0-44-0'45) head-width, frontal triangle exceeding anterior third,

interfrontalia less than thrice as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter

with 3-4 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate seta distinctly

the smaller, and on anterior outer part with a few proclinate black setulae.

Ocellars and inner verticals long and strong, outer verticals moderately strong.

Face not much dilated with evenly though slightly concave sides; parafacialia

not quite as wide, jowls more than half as wide again, as third antennal segment.

The latter 2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its.

width; arista long-plumose, the rays becoming quickly shorter in apical third,

those on basal two-thirds mostly considerably longer than the width of the

third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 6 irregular rows before and in 8 behind suture,

prsc indistinct or small; 2+ 3 strong dc; 2 strong post za, the anterior one

half-way between levels of first and second post dc; pra very small and fine;

the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior

and lower s¢pl rather strong, posterior s¢fl strong, auxiliary (anterior lower)

stpl rather small.

Abdomen subovate with bluntly pointed apex, first and second segments

each with a strong lateral marginal, first with some, second with one small,

MUSCIDAE 603

lateral discals, third with 2-3 rather weak lateral discals and a row of strong

marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and of weak marginals, in the

paratype with an additional pair of paramedian discals between the discal and

marginal rows.

Wings subhyaline with a brownish tinge, ym with a round fuscous suffusion

and m—m with a similar suffusion on either end, the anterior one separated from

that on y-m by almost twice its own width. 7, not quite reaching level of rm,

the latter at or slightly beyond middle of discal cell; 7,,, and m slightly diverging

or parallel at tip. Calyptrae whitish subopaque with pale yellowish border and

fringe. Halteres pale or dull reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta but with 2 quite conspicuous ad; mid-legs

of type and paratype lost; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd preapical

and 3 strong av, one beyond basal third, the second beyond middle and the

third and strongest at apical fifth, hind tibia with 2 strong ad, a somewhat

smaller av, and with a strong d and ad preapical.

UcanpbA: Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.1x.34 (F.W.E.), 2 type. KENYA:

Chyulu Hills, 6000 ft., vii.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.), 1 2° paratype.

Helina devittata sp. n. (g) &

Length, 5°5-5°6 mm.; of wings, 4°9-5°3 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense grey pollinosity, almost without a brown-

dusted pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with greyish reflections, parafacialia

with a large spot of blackish reflections, surrounded by a ring of silver-white

reflections, at level of second antennal segment. Mesonotum with the beginning

of a pair of less dusted vittae at neck, which are overlaid by a very narrow and

incomplete brown vitta from the second frst de to the second post dc, and with

or without a short median vitta towards and to scutellar suture. Abdomen

with or without a pair of small roundish spots on posterior part of second

segment and with brown dots at the base of the large setae and in the type

forming a very small spot on the third segment, corresponding in position to

that on the second. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous-black.

Head almost a quarter higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly

convex, frontal profile almost straight with the upper third somewhat convex,

facial profile rather concave with the vibrissal angles markedly produced though

less so than the frons, peristomal profile almost straight in posterior and anterior

thirds, rather convex in intermediate third, the anterior part strongly ascending,

vibrissae at mouth-margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes

with rather distinct short and sparse hairs; frons two-fifths head-width at

vertex, dilated with hardly concave sides to lunula where it is less than one-half

(0:46) head-width; frontal triangle not reaching middle, but its apex extended

by an elongate narrow grey-dusted area almost to lunula; interfrontalia thrice

604 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 2-3 strong (especially the

first) inclinate and 2 rather strong (especially the second) reclinate setae, in

addition with some proclinate black setulae on outer anterior half. Ocellars

and inner verticals long and strong, outer verticals not very strong. Face not

much dilated with very slightly concave sides to lower extremity of eyes,

parafacialia as wide, jowls almost twice as wide, as third antennal segment.

The latter 23 times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than

its width, arista plumose, the rays gradually decreasing in length from middle

to apex, the longest rays half as long again (type) or as long (paratype) as width

of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in about 5 irregular rows, prsc fine; 2+3 strong dc,

2 moderately strong za, the anterior one not much before level of sa; pra indis-

tinct ; second nfl considerably smaller than first, the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stf/ moderately strong, anterior

stpl strong, posterior stpl very strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate with pointed apex, rather convex; first and second

segments with 1-2 moderately strong lateral marginals, second also with rather

weak lateral discals, third with a row of not very strong discals and strong

marginals, fourth with a row of strong discals and weak marginals.

Wings not very hyaline with a brownish tinge and with 3 rather small

round suffusions, I on 7-m and 1 on each end of m-—m, the posterior one on

m-m the smallest, and the anterior one on m—m separated from that on 7-m

by at least twice its diameter. Costal spine conspicuously longer than 7-m,

rv, not reaching level of 7-m, the latter somewhat beyond middle of discal cell,

74+, and m distinctly diverging at tip. Calyptrae greyish white subopaque

with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with 2 small ad but without a # seta; mid-femur with a row

of short a setae from base to beyond middle, the distal four of them rather con-

spicuous, and with an a, p and fd preapical, mid-tibia with 2 f setae; hind

femur with an ad row, 3 strong av (at basal and apical fourths and at middle)

and a smaller one between the apical two of them, and an a, # and pd preapical,

hind tibia with 2 small fd setae (just before and somewhat beyond middle),

2 ad and I av, in addition with a strong d and a somewhat shorter ad preapical.

6 (characters taken from the key and the available fragments, see below).

Head dichoptic as in female. Sternopleura without a mammiform process, but

with a tuft of very closely set black setae, the apical part of which is more

strongly curved backwards. Ventral surface of mid-femur conspicuously

swollen in intermediate third, where the av and v surfaces are beset with a dense

tuilt of long setulose hairs, the apical half of which is somewhat wavy, the pv

surface of the intermediate third with a row of 6-8 stronger long bristles with

wavy apices, which bristles are 2—3 times as long as the greatest diameter of

the femur, the basal third with gradually shorter erect setulose hairs with fine

MUSCIDAE 605

curved or slightly wavy apices; hind tibia without an a seta beyond middle,

the v surface of the apex with a small patch of short dense, erect, stubby black

setulae of equal length.

Nata: National Park, iii.32 (Miss A. Mackie), 2 type; a male with the

same data, mounted on the tip of a celluloid triangle, was lost after the char-

acters in the key had been noted, except for a mid-leg and part of a front leg,

(Miss A. Mackie), 1 2° paratype.

[Helina hirtiventris Mall.]

Idiopygus hirvtiventris Malloch 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (ro) 1: 472; Curran 1934,

Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 7.

NYASALAND: Mt. Mlanje, 6500 ft., 14.xi.13 (S. A. Neave), 5 type, ? paratype

in B.M. Seen from: S. RHopeEsia: Inyanga, 31.1.39, ex rotting apples (Alex.

Cuthbertson), 1 9.

The female of H. wroughtont Malloch (1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 1: 471)

is unknown, and it is probable that the females of the two species are so similar

that the Inyanga specimen could also be identified as wroughtont.

[Helina ulundi ulundi Mall.)

Idiopygus ulundi Malloch 1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 10: 133; Curran 1934, Amer.

Mus. Novit. 7384: 2, 6.

Nata: Ulundi, 5000-6500 ft., ix.qg6 (G: A. K. Marshall), 3 type in B.M.

Helina ulundi spinidorsis ssp. n. 5 9 (Fig. 76)

Differing from the type form only by more compressed hind tibiae with

longer and more erect setulose hairs on the apical third; the apical v process

larger and more prominent. The female of the type form is unknown, but it

will possibly differ in the coloration of the legs, which in wlundi spinidorsis are

wholly pale ferruginous but for the fuscous coxae, fore femora and tarsi, and

a more or less infuscated streak on the d surface of the mid- and hind femora.

CAPE PROVINCE: Cape Province, Cape Town to Cape Point, 6—13.xi.30

(H. W. Simmonds), 3 type, 2 2 paratypes.

Helina crinitarsis sp. n. 3 2 (Fig. 77)

Length, 6-7-7°5 mm. (3), 6-3 mm. (9) ; of wings, 6-7—7-8 mm. (3), 5-9 mm. (9).

Head fuscous with dull fuscous-black interfrontalia, grey dusted with some

dark brown dust on upper part of cerebrale and inner part of parafrontalia,

parafacialia with an unusually large spot of blackish reflections from level of

606 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2 oF a EO

Fic. 76.—Helina ulundi spinidorsis ssp. n., 3. Lateral view. p, anterior preapical

of mid-femur.

MUSCIDAE 607

second to that of middle of third antennal segment, clypeus pale-golden dusted.

Thorax largely fuscous in ground-colour but with pale ferruginous suffused

sutures, shoulders and propleura; dorsal surface cinereous-grey dusted with 4

brown vittae (to the inner side of the dc and not reaching the last dc, and from

the ph to the level of the last de and between the dc and 7a and more or less inter-

rupted at suture) and with a brown median vitta, which is broadest at scutellar

suture but fades out towards or at suture; scutellum brown dusted on base and

disc. Second or first and second or second and third abdominal segments

each with a pair of oblong roundish, ill-defined brownish spots; otherwise

fuscous with grey dust, the hypopygium of the male dull pale ferruginous.

Antennae fuscous, the second segment with some pale-golden pollinosity

near apex of antero-interior surface, palpi fuscous with the basal part brown

or dull ferruginous translucent, legs pale ferruginous, the coxae and dorsal

surface of the legs more or less broadly infuscate and grey dusted, tarsi

piceous-brown.

Head one-fourth (3) or one-fifth () higher than long, occipital profile rather

strongly and evenly convex, frontal profile straight but for posterior third or

less, which is convex, facial profile slightly concave, the vibrissal angles not

produced and much less projecting than the frons, peristomal profile almost

straight in posterior half, moderately and evenly upcurved in anterior half,

vibrissae at mouth-margin, much below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of

male about a third head-width at vertex and almost two-fifths at lunula with

slightly concave sides, so that it is just over three-tenths head-width at middle,

frons of female not much wider, almost two-fifths head-width at vertex and

almost one-half at lunula, with straight sides; frontal triangle (J 2) not reaching

middle, interfrontalia 4-5 times the width of a parafrontale, the latter with

3(-4) inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate seta much the

stronger, in addition with some proclinate black setulae on antero-exterior half.

Ocellars and inner verticals very long and strong, outer verticals small, a setula

present between the outer and inner verticals of each side. Face moderately

dilated with almost straight sides; parafacialia slightly wider than, jowls twice

as wide as, third antennal segment; arista plumose, the longest rays one fourth

to one-third longer than the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 6 irregular rows before and 7-8 behind suture, frsc

very small; 2-+-3 dc, the first one not much more than half as long as the second,

which, like the remaining three, is very strong; only the posterior fost za present,

not very strong; pra absent, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Pro-

pleural, prostigmatal and lower s/fl moderately strong, anterior stf/ strong,

posterior one very strong; lower extremity of sternopleura with a dense and

well-defined tuft of black setulose hairs, which are curved backwards (lig. 77).

Abdomen of female oblong-ovate with subacuminate, somewhat laterally

compressed apex; of male oblong-ovate-subcylindrical, somewhat curved

608 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

FURS /

INA \ XS

{ \

\ \

fail MO SAIHEN

Fic. 77.—-Helina crinitarsis sp. n., 3. Lateral view. , anterior preapical of

mid-femur. :

MUSCIDAE 609

downwards to apex; the hypopygium large and broad, reminiscent of Glossina,

but even more convex and protruding, fourth ventrite with a deep and rather

narrow, almost parallel-sided excision, the lobes broad and broadly rounded

with a dense fringe of short pale-golden cilia along margin and numerous long

black setulose hairs on disc; first segment with a strong lateral marginal and

some lateral discals, second with 2-3 rather weak lateral discals and a marginal

row, in which only a lateral seta is strong, third with an incomplete row of

rather weak discals and a row of strong marginals, fourth in male with

a row of strong discals and marginals, which do not extend to lateral

surface, in female with a few rather strong lateral discals and a pair of

moderately strong median marginals, fifth segment of male with numerous

long and erect bristles, sixth with numerous much shorter and finer erect

setulose hairs.

Wings not very hyaline with a brownish tinge; the node at the base of 74,5

infuscate, y-m with a round fuscous suffusion ; m—m suffused on its entire length,

more strongly so, however, on a rounded spot at anterior end. Costal spine

longer than 7m. 7, not nearly reaching level of the latter, which lies beyond

middle of discal cell; 74, and m slightly diverging or (female paratype) very

slightly converging at apex. Calyptrae subopaque, greyish-yellow with dull

yellow border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs rather stout, in the male the femora markedly swollen and the pulvilli

and claws much enlarged; fore tibia without a p seta, the apical half (as on the

mid-tibia) in male with long and fine setulose v and pv hairs, some of which

are almost or fully twice as long as the tibial diameter, the p surface of the

fore tarsi with a fringe of longer, somewhat curved setulose hairs; mid-femur

(missing in female paratype) with an a, p and fd (and with or without a small

pd, almost d) preapical and with a row of numerous very long and fine fv hairs,

many of which are longer than the greatest diameter of the femur, and among

which there are about 5 longer and stronger ones on basal half or so, mid-tibia

with 2 # setae; hind trochanter of male with a dense pad of short, stubby,

black setulae on v surface, hind femur with an ad row, an a, # and fd preapical

and, in female, 3 av setae (a not very strong one at basal fourth and a stronger

one beyond middle and at apical fourth), in male with numerous long and erect

hairs on av, v, and especially pu surface and among them an av row, the setae

of which are very long and strong on apical two-thirds, and which is double

near middle, hind tibia with 2 strong ad setae and a strong d and ad preapical,

in female in addition with an av seta beyond three-fifths, in male with numerous

long and fine erect setulose hairs on all surfaces except the d ones, many on

the av surface almost, and on the fu surface more than, twice as long as the

tibial diameter.

UcaAnDA: Imatong Mts., 8000-10,000 ft., 11.36 (D. R. Buxton), 3 type,

I g, I Y paratypes.

610 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

[Helina villipes Mall.]

Idiopygus villipes Malloch 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 232; Curran 1934, Amer.

Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 5.

Kenya: Lagari, mile 469, 1.iii-21.v.0o (C..S. Betton), § type in B.M.;

Nairobi, x.30 (V. G. L. van Someren), i g, I 9.

[Helina hirtipes hirtipes Macq.]

Spilogaster hivtipes Macq, 1846, Dipt. exot., Suppl. 1: 202.

Mydaea hirtipes Macq., Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 487.

Idiopygus hirtipes Macq., Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 3.

Typical locality: CAFFRARIA. Recorded from Natat: Durban (Stein).

. RuopesiA: Vumba (Curran). In B.M. from: NyasaLanp: Mt. Mlanje,

5.1x.13 (S. A. Neave), 1 gd (Villeneuve det.); Cholo (R. C. Wood), i 3, 1 9.

The form named /irtipes by Malloch is a well-defined subspecies, described

below, but the North Nyasa female (the second @ is not in B.M.) is a very

different species, which has 2 post 7a, 2 pd on the hind tibiae, a different

arrangement of the stp/, and the abdomen almost unspotted. It is included

in the key as H. mallochiana sp. n.

[Helina hirtipes metatarsalis ssp. n. 3 2]

Idiopygus hirtipes Macq., Malloch 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 231.

Tdiopygus mirabilis Stein, Curran 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit. 738: 2, 3.

In all essential characters tallying with the more southerly H. hirtipes Macq.,

but slightly larger, with the pattern somewhat deeper dark brown and therefore

somewhat more contrasting, the secondary male characters developed on the

same lines but to a much stronger degree, and with the posterior femora reddish

orange on basal two-thirds to four-fifths, the mid-tibiae of the male often

reddish towards middle. In the male the setulose hairs of the fore tibia are

very much denser and longer, so that they form a solid brush and not only

a multiple row; the mid-tibiae are more incrassate to tip, and the mid-metatarsus

is much longer and much more incrassate to apex, so that it becomes club-shaped

with very long setae; the hind tibiae even more broadened than in the type

species and the inner (v) margin conspicuously concave with the apex more

produced, the hind metatarsus about twice as wide as in /irtipes s. str.

Kenya: Ngare Narok, Masai Reserve, 6000 ft., 31.xii.13 (A. O. Luckman),

d type, 2 d paratypes; Kabete, iii.22 (H. FE. Box), 1 2 paratype; Nairobi, ix.26

(K.M.D.), 1 3 paratype; Chyulu Hills, 5200 ft., iv.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.),

1 2 paratype (returned to Coryndon Memorial Museum).

[Helina mammifera sp. n. J 2 (Fig. 78)

Length, 5:8-6-2 mm.; of wings, 5°5-5°7 mm.

Fuscous-black with rather dense whitish-grey dust and a brown-dusted

pattern. Interfrontalia dull black with whitish or brownish reflections;

MUSCIDAE O1II

l'G. 78.—Helina mammifera sp. n., 3. Lateral view.

612 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

parafacialia with a rather large fuscous, somewhat brown-dusted spot at level of

second antennal segment. Mesonotum with a pair of brown paramedian vittae

from neck to second post dc or slightly beyond, a narrow median vitta, which

tapers from disc of scutellum forwards to suture or almost neck, and a vitta

on either side from the ph to the sa with a more or less vestigial arm inwards

of the za line. Abdomen with a pair of moderately large roundish brown spots

on first to fourth or, in one female, second and third segments and with brown

dots at the base of the stronger setae. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the

femora rather densely grey dusted, the knees somewhat pale reddish translucent.

Head one-third higher than long, occipital profile rather strongly convex

with the upper two-fifths rather straight, especially in male, frontal profile

almost straight with the upper extremity slightly convex, facial profile moder-

ately convex in lower part, the vibrissal angles somewhat produced but less

prominent than the frons, peristomal profile straight in posterior two-thirds,

moderately raised but almost straight in anterior third, vibrissae at mouth-

margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. [rons of male more than

a fifth head-width at middle, almost a fourth at vertex and a third at lunula,

frontal triangle not reaching middle, interfrontalia about 4 times as wide as

a parafrontale, the latter with only 2 pairs of inclinate setae on anterior two-

fifths and 2-3 small setulae between and behind them; frons of female almost

two-fifths head-width at vertex, more than two-fifths head-width at lunula, ~

frontal triangle reaching lunula, interfrontalia 3-4 times as wide at middle as

a parafrontale, the latter with 2 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior

reclinate seta being somewhat the stronger, in addition with some proclinate

black setulae on anterior outer part. Ocellars and inner verticals strong, outer

verticals in male absent, in female short but quite conspicuous. Face moderately

dilated, in male with just noticeably convex, in female with slightly concave,

sides; parafacialia somewhat narrower than, jowls almost twice as wide as,

third antennal segment. The latter about thrice as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose with the longest

rays almost or fully twice as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 5-6 rows before and 6-8 behind suture; prsc fine;

2+3 very fine dc, only the posterior post 1a present, rather strong; second npl

considerably smaller than first; pra absent; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stf/ moderately strong, anterior

stpl strong, posterior one very strong; sternopleura of male produced into a

long mammiform process, the apex of which exceeds the apical level of the coxae

and is adorned with a dense tuft of backwardly directed bristles (Fig. 78).

Abdomen subconical-ovate, strongly convex; the hypopygium of the male

large, considerably projecting apically and especially ventrally; first. to third

ventrites reduced in size, fourth very large and convex, its front margin in line

with the lateral hind margin of the second tergite, its hind margin level with

MUSCIDAE 613

the dorsal hind margin of the fourth tergite, the excision oblong-ogival with

the apex narrowly somewhat extended forward, the lobes obliquely truncate

in outer apical part, the inner part of the apex therefore somewhat acuminate

but narrowly rounded at tip. First and second abdominal segments with a

rather strong lateral marginal, second also with a small lateral discal; third

with a row of rather weak discals and strong marginals, fourth with a row of

strong discals and, in male, of strong marginals, genital segments of male with

rather numerous fine, erect, setulose hairs.

Wings not very hyaline with a brownish tinge, the node at the base of 74,5

and the basal cross-veins somewhat infuscate, 7m with a rounded fuscous

suffusion, m—m suffused in its entire length (in the Mt. Mlanje specimen hardly

suffused on intermediate part, so that 2 spots are present on mm). Costal

spine longer than 7—m, 7, not reaching level of r-m, the latter beyond middle

of discal cell; 74;; and m slightly diverging at apex. Calyptrae greyish white

with yellowish-white border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with a f and 2 small ad setae; mid-femur with an a row of

moderately short setae, an a, p, pd and fd (almost d) preapical, a pu seta basad

of middle and a row of longer setulose fu hairs from there to apex, mid-tibia

with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a and fd preapical, and, in

female, 3 rather strong av setae (near basal fourth, middle and apical fourth),

and in male with an av row of long and strong setae, 3-4 of them on basal half

and somewhat shifted to a surface, and 5-6 on apical half, the last two of these

becoming considerably shorter, the pv surface in male with a short and rather

fine, straight and pointed seta near base and beyond middle, hind tibia with

2 small pd, a strong d and ad preapical and, in female, 2 ad and 1 av submedian

seta, in male somewhat compressed and slightly curved ventrad (inward) at

apex, the v surface of the latter produced into a short spiniform process, ad

surface with 4 long erect setae from base or basal third to second third or

slightly beyond.

UcanpaA: Lira, 1.38, g type, I 2 paratype. NyASALAND: Mt. Mlanje, 27.x.12

(S. A. Neave), 1.2 paratype. The Mt. Mlanje specimen was named “‘ Idiopygus

trimaculata (Stn)??”’ by Malloch (1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 232).

Sbg. Euspilaria Malloch

tg21, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 226.

As defined above, the subgenus includes Sfilavia sensu Malloch. The

characters distinguishing the two groups are of slight importance, and Ewspi-

laria s, str. consists of only one or perhaps two species. Moreover, Spilaria

S. &. D. 1911 is not available for this subgenus as its type is pubescens Stein

(designation by Séguy 1937, Gen. Ins. 205: 292), the first species of Schnabl

and Dziedzickt’s list.

Il, 6 (d)

614 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Malloch (1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 227) keyed four—including his

separate genus Euspilaria on pp. 226 and 228: five—species and later (1922,

lc. (9) 10: 133) described a sixth species. Curran (1938, Amer. Mus. Novit.

974: 17) distinguished in a key four of these species and added rujfina Stein to

the subgenus. Though Curran’s identification of the latter species is correct,

vujina does not belong to the present group, as the base of 74, is adorned with

some setulae on the ventral surface, and the latero-ventral margin of the scutel-

lum is bare. Moreover, the hypopleural hairs of Helinella rufina Stein are pale

and do not form an almost vertical row in front of the spiracle as in Euspilaria

but are placed on the beret (the embossed part of the hypopleura between the

upper hind end of the sternopleura and the supraspiracular convexity). In the

following key a new species is added, and two of Malloch’s species are synonym-

ized with forms previously described by Stein.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SBG. EUSPILARIA

1 (10) Pleurae and lateral parts of mesonotum black with grey pollinosity, infra-

alar bulla fuscous. Hypopygium of male small and not prominent. pysc

often well developed. Parafacialia bare.

Four post dc. m-m rather steep, uniformly and sometimes very slightly

infuscated. Fore tibiae without ad setae. Intermediate abdominal seg-

ments each with a pair of well-marked roundish dark spots, first to third

with a narrow dark median line. Palpi black. Posterior femora and tibiae

of male, all femora and tibiae of female pale, the base or the whole of the

tibiae and apex of the femora often infuscate! : . nemoralis Stein

3 (2) Three post dc.

4 (5) m-m strongly sigmoid, with a roundish dark spot on either extremity.

Margin of upper calyptra fuscous (except in Chyulu Hills). Fore tibiae

without ad setae. Palpi black. Third antennal joint about 2:5 times as long

as second. Scutellum yellowish at apex and ventral surface (hardly so

in Chyulu Hills and S. Rhodesia) ‘ : (trinubilifera Mall.]

5 (4) m-m straight to slightly sigmoid, with or w ithout a suffusion extending over

its entire length.

6 (7) Palpi yellow. Tibiae wholly pale, front ones with 1-2 ad setae. Third

antennal joint at least 3 times as TORE as second. Scutellum yellowish

at apex and on ventral surface . [punctifera Mall.}

7 (6) Palpi black. Tibiae infuscate at base or to a larger extent, front ones

usually without ad setae.

8 (9) Third antennal joint at least 3 times as long as second. Scutellum

—

iss)

~—

yellowish at apex and on ventral surface. . — [afrvicana Mall. |

9 (8) Third antennal joint not over 2:5 times as long as second. Scutellum usually

not paler at apex and on ventral surface. : mollis Stein

to (1) Pleurae and lateral parts of mesonotum or at least the pleurae and especially

the infraalar bulla ferruginous or testaceous. pysc absent or very fine.

Three post dc.

£1 (12) m-—m strongly sigmoid with a roundish dark spot on either extremity. Lower

anterior stpl well developed, much longer and stronger than the pra. Fore

tibiae without an ad seta. Black coloration of mesonotum not or only

just reaching prst and 7a at sides, thinly pollinose, pale coloration of the

thorax reddish. ¢: hypopygium larger and prominently exposed; fourth

ventrite deeply: cleft. bad: parafacialia with some setulose hairs on upper

half : . : : . : : dorsalis Stein

‘In the palaearctic E. lucorum Fln., which has been found in S. Arabia, the legs are

much darker at least in the female sex.

MUSCIDAE 615

12 (11) m-m almost straight with a dark suffusion extending over its entire length

(Fig. 79). Lower anterior stp/ (much finer and shorter than the pra or)

absent. Fore tibiae with (1—)2 ad setae in addition to the p one. Fuscous

coloration of mesonotum slightly passing the prst and sa at sides, thickly

cinereous-pollinose, so that it does not contrast very strongly with the

pale lateral coloration of the thorax, which is brownish yellow, rather

thickly cinereous-dusted; infraalar bulla testaceous 5 axanthopleuris sp. n.

Helina (Euspilaria) nemoralis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung.*11: 493; 1918, l.c. 16: ror.

n. syn. Spilaria fuscoapicata Malloch 1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 10: 133.

Kenya: Aberdares, Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Mt. Kinangop,

8000 ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 1 3. UGANDA: Kigezi District, Kanaba, 7800 ft.

(AW.E.), Id: ;

Typical locality: CAPE PRoviNcE: Willowmore (type seen) ; of fuscoapicata:

KENYA: Kabete (in B.M.). In B.M. from: SuDAN: Nagichot, 31.11.46 (D. J.

Lewis). KENYA: Nairobi, 8.vii.19 (A. Loveridge), iv.30, on window (J. J. Roberts) ;

Ngong, ix.35 (V. G. L. van Someren); Chyulu Hills, 5200 ft., v.38 (Coryndon

Mus. Exp.); Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner). S. Ruopesta: Salisbury,

viii and 15.vi.32, indoors (Alex. Cuthbertson), ix and 22.v.36 (Alex. Cuthbertson).

CAPE PROVINCE: near Oudtshoorn, 1.xi.31 (Mrs. L. Ogilvie); Van Rhyn’s Pass,

II-21.x1.31 (Miss A. Mackie).

Seen from: KENYA: Ruiru, 28.vil.32 (H. C. James); Kinangop, vi.30

(H. J. A. Turner); Naivasha, iv.40 (H. J. A. Turner); Chyulu Hills, 6000 ft.,

vi.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.). SuDAN: W. Darfur, N. Jebel Murra, Killing,

7000 ft., 29.vi.32 (M. Steele).

The two males from Mt. Kinangop and Kanaba have no setae on the front

tibiae. In the Nagichot female the tibiae are wholly piceous, and the pollinosity

gives the body a somewhat steel-blue tinge similar to that of Calliphora.

The typical pair was later identified by Stein as Mydaea mulcata G.T.

However, the only specimen of the latter in the B.M. has the lateral surface of

the scutellum quite bare and does not belong to this subgenus.

[Helina (Euspilaria) trinubilifera Mall.]

1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 10: r4r.

Typical localities: KENyA: Kikuyu Escarpment; Mau Forest. In B.M.:

type; Kijabi, vi (van Someren); Chyulu Hills, 5600 ft., vii.38 (Coryndon Mus.

Exp.). S. RHODESIA: Mt. Chirinda, 11.vi.rr (C. F. M. Swynnerton).

Seen from: KENYA: Chyulu Hills, 6000 ft., vil.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.).

S. RHODESIA: Vumba Mts., 19.xii.36 (Drysdale).

In the two males from the Chyulu Hills the border of the upper calyptra

is whitish, whilst in the other specimens it is blackish.

616 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

[Helina (Euspilaria) punctifera Mall.]

1g21, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 419.

Typical locality: NyasaLAnp: Zomba. , Recorded from: S. RHODESIA:

Chirinda. ANGOLA: Benguella (by Malloch). Cape Province: East London.

S. RuopeEstA: Inyanga (by Curran). In B.M.: type and specimen from Ben-

guella. KENyA: Nairobi, vil.30 (V. G. L. van Someren).

Seen from: KENya: Naivasha, x.30 (V. G. L. van Someren). UGANDA:

Nyakabura, Toro, 7.x.31 (J. F. Shillito), BrtciAn Conco: Nioka, vii.37

(J. Ghesqutere).

[Helina (Euspilaria) africana Mall.|

1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 227.

Typical locality: NyASALAND: Mt. Mlanje (in B.M.). In B.M. from Kenya:

Nairobi, 1933 (C. B. Symes).

Seen from: Naivasha, iv.37 (H. J. A. Turner).

Helina (Euspilaria) mollis Stein

1906, Berl. ent. Zeit. 51: 55.

UGANDA: Kigezi District, Kanaba, 7500-7800 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 9; Mt.

Mgahinga, 10,000—11,000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9;

Ruwenzori, Mt. Karangora, ggoo ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft.

(F.W.E.), 1 3. Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., cedar forest

(F.W.E.), 1 3; Katamayo, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone,

8500-ft. <P. W.E.), 2g, 2.9:

Typical locality: CAFFRARIA; of hirticebs Stein: Nata: Durban. S.

RHODESIA: Chirinda Forest. Recorded from: NATAL: Estcourt; Ulundi.

TRANSVAAL: Pretoria (all by Malloch). Natat: New Hanover. CAPE PRo-

VINCE: P’stroom. ORANGE FREE STATE: Bloemfontein. S. RHODESIA: Salisbury

(all by Curran). In B.M. from: AByssin1A. S. RHopEs1a: Umtali, Vumba,

v.32 (Miss A. Mackie). TRANSVAAL: Pretoria (W. L. Distant). ZULULAND:

Ntambanana, 2.vilil.2I, in house (R. H. Harris). NATAL: Estcourt, ix—x.g6

(G. A. K. Marshall); Weenen, 2840 ft., vi-vii.23 (H. P. Thomasset); Durban,

7.vi.14 (EL. C. Chubb); Kimbolton Farm, nr. Estcourt, x.g6 (Haviland). Seen

from: Kenya: Mt. Mbololo, x.38. UGANDA: Kawanda, v.4o (T. H. C. Taylor) ;

Kampala, 11.1x.39 (H. Hargreaves). S. RHODESIA: Vumba Mts., Umtali,

29.1.39, at rotting apples (A. Cuthbertson). :

The Abyssinian females and one of the males have an ad seta on the fore

tibiae, which is not present in specimens from other localities. In the Kawanda

specimen, a female, all the femora are black.

MUSCIDAE 617

Helina (Euspilaria) dorsalis Stein

1914, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 115.

n. syn. Euspilavia fuscorufa Malloch 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 228.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Heath Zone,

10,500-11,500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 2°; Bulambuli, 9500 ft. (J. Ford), 1 9; Aberdares,

Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft. (J. Ford), 1 3, 1 2, 8000 ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 1 3;

above Nakuru, c. 9300 ft., on Lobelia aberdarica (F.W.E.), 3 9.

Typical locality: KENyA: Mt. Kenya, middle bamboo forest, 2870 m.;

of fuscorufa: north of Mt. Kenya, 8300 ft. west of Mt. Kenya, 6500-7250 ft.

In B.M. from: north of Mt. Kenya (type).

Seen from: KENYA: Kijabe, vii.30 (V. G. L. van Someren).

[Helina (Euspilaria) xanthopleuris sp. n. °

Length, 7:3 (-c. 10-0) mm.; of wings, 7-0-8-3 mm.

Head and abdomen fuscous with dense cinereous-grey dust, in the type

most of the first abdominal segment, the ventral surface of the abdomen, and

the lateral part of the hind margins dull pale-ferruginous translucent ; mesono-

tum fuscous to beyond the ph, prst and sa, the lateral margin and the pleurae

dull pale ferruginous, the contrast between the fuscous and the pale colorations

rather slight owing to the dense pollinosity, disc with 4 rather faint brown-dusted

vittae, the pleurae somewhat infuscate in many (or a few) places, the triangular

sclerite below the infraalar bulla fuscous. Antennae dull pale ferruginous, the

apical two-thirds of the third segment infuscate, palpi and legs pale ferruginous,

tarsi fuscous.

Head (Fig. 79) one-half higher than long, occipital profile moderately and

rather evenly convex, frontal profile moderately convex, facial profile moder-

ately concave in lower part, vibrissal angles moderately, frons hardly, projecting,

peristomal profile very slightly and evenly convex but rather strongly ascending

to anterior end in its entire length, vibrissae at mouth-margin, well above level

of lower eye-margins. Eyes with not very long (2) but quite conspicuous

hairs. Frons almost a third head-width at vertex, rather strongly dilated

with straight sides to lunula, where it is almost two-fifths head-width,

slightly shorter than wide at lunula; frontal triangle apparently reaching

lunula by a narrow extension, interfrontalia 5-6 times as wide at middle

as a parafrontale, the latter with 3 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the

posterior reclinate being the stronger one. Inner verticals and ocellars very

strong and long, outer verticals not very strong. Face parallel-sided in upper,

slightly widened in lower, half, parafacialia almost as wide at middle, jowls

almost twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The latter almost 4 times as

long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than its own width, arista

long-plumose, its rays evenly decreasing in length from middle to apex, the

longest ones almost twice as long as width of third antennal segment.

618 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thorax (Fig. 79) with the acy in about tro entirely confused rows, prsc very

fine (or absent); 2+ 3 very strong dc; 2 strong fost za, the anterior one level

with the first post dc; pra fine (or rather fine), the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Two moderately strong propleurals, a rather small and 2 moderately

strong prostigmatals; anterior and lower stf/ strong, posterior stpl very strong,

auxiliary (anterior lower) s¢p/ very fine or absent.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather acuminate to apex; first and second segments

each with a strong lateral marginal, second also with a not very strong lateral

discal, third segment with 3 not very strong discals towards and on lateral

surface and a row of moderately strong marginals, fourth with a row of rather

strong discals and weak (or rather weak) marginals.

Wings not very hyaline with a brownish tinge, yellowish smoky betreen

c and 74,5, with a round fuscous suffusion on 7-m and a band-shaped suffusion

on the whole length of m—m. 1, not reaching level of 7m, the latter beyond

middle of discal cell; 7,,; and m distinctly diverging at apex, 74,; somewhat

sinuous with the extreme tip upcurved to c, m virtually straight. Calyptrae

greyish subhyaline with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale yellow (or

dull reddish yellow).

Legs: fore tibia with a p seta and 2 (or I) small ad; mid-femur with a row

of short a setae from base to beyond middle, 3 not very strong fv in basal half,

and an a, p, pd, pd (almost d) and sometimes a small d preapical, mid-tibia

with 3 (2-3) p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a pd and d preapical, and

a row of short and fine av, among which 3-4 near apex are stronger, one of them

forming a rather strong preapical at distal fifth or sixth, hind tibia with 2 ad,

2 (2-3) somewhat smaller av, and with a strong d and ad preapical.

CAPE PROVINCE: Cape Town to Cape Point, xi.30 (H. W. Simmonds), 2 type.

NATAL: Gillitts, 24.v.19 (7. W. B. Marley), 1 2 paratype, without a head

(labelled “‘ Mydaea costalis Stein”’ apparently by Bezzi).

The data in (_ ) in key and description refer to the Natal specimen.

Sbg. Hebecnema Schnabl

1889, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 23: 331.

The genotype H. umbratica Meig. has 7,,, bare, but the Ethiopian and some

Oriental (see Malloch, 1928, Ent. Mitt. 17: 328) species have some fine setulae

on the underside of the node. It may therefore be that Hebecnema is not a

natural aggregate at all, as the transition between a small but distinct pra and

an ordinary hair occurs fairly frequently in specimens of one and the same

species of Helina and Mydaea or in a group of closely related species. Thus

a small pra would appear to be less decisive than the setulae on 74;;, which

prove to be very consistent in their presence or absence. On the other hand,

these setulae are minute and often very difficult to see in the species placed in

MUSCIDAE 619

are

lia. 79.—Helina (Euspilavia) xanthopleuris sp. n., 9. Lateral view. a, auxiliary

prostigmatal; /, anterior preapical of mid-femur.

620 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Hebecnema, and all the species of this genus, both those with setulae and those

without, have a very similar facies. The generic name Hebecnema is therefore

retained for the Ethiopian species.

The characters ascribed to Mydaea debilis Stein would seem to bring it into

the present genus, but its testaceous thorax and size of 6 mm. would render it

a very striking species in it; [ have not seen anything which could be ferences

as debilis Stein.

The species of this genus are extremely homogeneous in structural characters,

whilst showing on the other hand a rather wide range of coloration. The latter

includes, however, a considerable degree of intra-specific variation, as is evident

from specimens with pale and dark femora collected together. Even the superior

forceps can apparently not be used as an absolute criterion of specific diversity,

as the specimen whose superior forceps is shown in Fig. 83 a was found together

with a female with pale femora, palpi and third antennal joint, which cannot

be distinguished from the male form whose superior forceps is represented in

Fig. 83 6.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SBG. HEBECNEMA

1 (2) Basal two antennal segments wholly orange, as are the third and the palpi.

Halteres, border of calyptrae, abdomen, and femora fuscous. ¢: arms of

superior forceps slender, diverging, V-shaped : . [auvantipalpis sp. nj

2 (t) Basal two antennal segments fuscous or at least more or less infuscate.

Border of calyptrae pale yellow to smoky brown.

Longest rays of arista fully twice as long as width of third antennal segment.

Halteres, antennae and palpi fuscous; abdomen largely pale. ¢: arms of

superior forceps broadly separated at base, para and of almost even

width on most of their length . 5 . [bwambae sp. n.}

4 (3) Longest rays of arista up to about 14 times as long as the width of the third

antennal segment.

5 (6) Femora pale yellow and halteres dull brown to fuscous. A larger species,

6-7 mm. long. Antennae wholly fuscous. ¢: eyes with a well-defined

large-faceted upper part; superior forceps fig. 82 a hetevomma sp. n.

6 (5) Ifthe femora are pale yellow the halteres also pale yellow. "A smaller species,

3°6-5 mm. long. Coloration very variable, all femora and halteres fuscous

to all femora and halteres pale testaceous with intermediate forms, in

which only the fore femora are fuscous or in addition the posterior femora

more or less infuscate, etc. Third antennal joint and palpi often whitish

yellow. $: eyes with the upper facets ony gradually and slightly enlarged ;

superior forceps fig. 83 a—< . d é semiflava Stein

[Helina (Hebecnema) aurantipalpis sp. n. 3]

Length, 5-1 mm.; of wings, 5-6 mm,

Fuscous with thin brown pollinosity, without a pattern. Palpi, lunula and

antennae wholly bright orange; facial ridges somewhat dull reddish translucent,

especially towards lunula; femora and tarsi piceous, the former narrowly

testaceous at apex, and especially the hind ones somewhat testaceous translucent

(type apparently slightly teneral).

MUSCIDAE 621

Head almost four-fifths higher than long, occipital profile straight in upper

half (the occiput being somewhat concave there), slightly convex in lower half,

frontal profile hardly convex, except at extremities, strongly sloping, facial

profile only very slightly concave in lower part, conspicuously receding, the

vibrissal angles only slightly prominent, much less so than frons, peristomal

profile moderately convex, the anterior part somewhat ascending and almost

straight, vibrissae at mouth-margin, slightly above level of lower eye-margins.

Eyes contiguous (separated only by the perfectly linear parafrontalia) on inter-

mediate third of frons, where the interfrontalia have disappeared; vertex less

than one-eighth, frons at lunula less than one-sixth head-width, interfrontalia

reduced to an elongate very small triangle in front of ocellar tubercle and a

slightly broader and larger one above lunula; parafrontalia with 5 inclinate

setae on anterior two-fifths or less, without any hairs or setae above this part.

Ocellars almost half as long as frons, inner and outer verticals short and fine

but distinguishable from the occipital row. Face rather strongly dilated with

markedly convex sides; parafacialia one-third as wide, jowls half as wide again,

as third antennal segment. The latter 24 times as long as wide, falling short

of mouth-margin by more than half its own width, arista plumose, the rays

becoming quickly shorter in apical two-fifths, the longest rays slightly longer

than width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in about 4 irregular rows in front of and 5-6 behind

suture, the hairs of the outer pair of rows markedly longer, prsc fine but distinct;

2+-4 dc, the first prst and the anterior 2 post dc somewhat less strong; 2 moder-

ately strong post za, the anterior one almost level with the second post dc,

pra absent ; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal

and lower stl not very strong, anterior s¢fl moderately strong, posterior one

very strong.

Abdomen oblong-subconical with truncate apex, hypopygium of male not

prominent; fourth ventrite broadly excised, the base of the excision evenly

rounded, the sides straight, so that the lobes are triangular and pointed (Fig.

80 6). Hair rather long and erect, first and second segments each with 3—4 rather

long lateral marginals, third and fourth with a marginal row of rather strong

setae.

Wings subhyaline, the distal part from the apex of sc onwards strongly

smoky, especially anteriorly. 7, conspicuously exceeding level of ym, the latter

at almost two-thirds of discal cell. 74,; and m very slightly converging at apex,

4:5 ending very slightly before wing-tip, evenly and slightly curved backwards,

m virtually straight, almost unnoticeably bent forwards at last third of apical

section. Upper calyptra subhyaline, lower calyptra strongly smoky, not very

hyaline, border and fringe of calyptrae as well as halteres fuscous.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with some longer erect a setulae,

which decrease in length from base to middle, and with a / and a small fd and

622 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

a preapical, mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row of rather

numerous (c. 15) setae, a pd preapical, 3-4 fine and very short erect pv setae

(one at basal fourth or so and 2-3 close together at about two-thirds), and an

av row, which consists of about 8 fine and short setae on basal three-fifths and

Fic. 80.—Helina (Hebecnema) auvranti- Fic. 81.—Helina (Hebecnema) bwambae

palpis sp.n. Male genitalia. (a) superior sp.n. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps,

forceps, Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (d) Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (b) fourth

fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-I mm. ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales 0-1 mm.

about 5 longer ones on apical two-fifths, hind tibia with an ad at middle, an

av somewhat beyond middle and a not very strong d and ad preapical, the ad

being only just as long as the tibial diameter.

S. RHopEs1A: Vumba Mts., 111.35 (A. Cuthbertson), 3 type.

{Helina (Hebecnema) bwambae sp. n. g]

Length, 5 mm.; of wings, 4-9 mm.

Fuscous with thin brown dust, without a pattern, abdomen testaceous

translucent with the hind margins of the segments very narrowly infuscate.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the knees narrowly testaceous, the tibiae

somewhat testaceous translucent.

Head more than three-fifths higher than long, occipital profile slightly

convex in lower half, almost straight in upper half, where the occiput is slightly

concave, frontal profile rather sloping, markedly convex in anterior third,

straight from there to anterior ocellus, facial profile shightly convex owing to the

size of the eyes, the vibrissal angles hardly projecting, peristomal profile evenly

and rather strongly convex, vibrissae at mouth-margin, slightly above level of

lower eye-margins. -Eyes contiguous (separated only by linear parafrontalia)

MUSCIDAE 623

on the fourth sixth of the frons where the interfrontalia are obsolete; vertex

one-eighth, frons at lunula almost three-tenths head-width, interfrontalia

reduced to an elongate triangle on anterior half and a much smaller one

on the fifth sixth of the frons; parafrontalia with 4—5 inclinate setae on anterior

two-fifths, without any hairs or setae above this part. Ocellars about as long

as ocellar tubercle, inner and outer verticals even smaller. Face rather strongly

dilated with the sides somewhat sinuous, viz. convex at level of arista and

concave towards lower extremity of eyes; parafacialia half, jowls almost twice,

as wide as third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as wide,

falling short of mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose,

the rays becoming slowly shorter from middle onwards, the longest rays twice

as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 4(—5) rows before and in about 6 irregular rows

behind suture, the hairs of the outer pair of rows distinctly longer, at least in

front of suture, prsc distinct (judged from pores) ; 2+-4 dc, the first prst and the

anterior 2 post dc somewhat less strong, 2 moderately strong fost za, the anterior

one level with the second fost dc; pra indistinct, the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stp/ moderately strong, anterior

stpl strong, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen oblong-subconical with truncate apex, hypopygium of male not

prominent; fourth ventrite with a broad and deep excision, the margins of

which are straight and form a right angle at their antero-interior extremity,

the base of the excision thus not rounded, and the lobes elongate-triangular

and pointed (Fig. 81 6). First and second segments each with 3-4 moderately

strong (especially on the second) lateral marginals, second with 1-3 rather weak

lateral discals, third and fourth with a row of moderately strong marginals,

fourth also with a less conspicuous discal row.

Wings subhyaline but strongly smoky, less so near hind margin; veins

brown to base; 7, slightly exceeding level of vm, the latter at two-thirds of

discal cell. 74; ending at wing-tip, very slightly converging with m at apex

m virtually straight, almost unnoticeably bent fowards near tip. Upper

calyptra hyaline, lower one smoky, not very hyaline, border and fringe smoky

brown. Halteres fuscous.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with a subbasal row of «

setulae, which decrease in length towards middle, a rather small fv near base,

some longer pv setulae at apex, and a p, pd and a small a preapical; mid-tibia

with 2 p setae; mid-femur with an ad row, an av row, in which the c. 8 setae

of the proximal half or three-fifths are short and fine and the 4 setae of the

apical part rather strong, a pd preapical, and a fv row of about g setae on

basal two-thirds, hind tibia with an ad at middle, an av almost at two-thirds,

and a d and ad preapical, the ad hardly longer than the diameter of the tibia.

UGANDA: Bwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren), 3 type.

624 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Helina (Hebecnema) heteromma sp. n. 3

Length, 6-0—7-0 mm.; of wings, 6-4—7-0 mm.

Fuscous with thin brown pollinosity, without a pattern; first and second

abdominal segments pale testaceous with a very narrow infuscate hind margin,

the latter dilated into a small suffused median spot on the second segment;

third wholly fuscous except for a moderately broad basal margin, which is

interrupted medially, fourth fuscous, femora and tibiae pale testaceous.

Head two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile somewhat convex in

lower and very slightly concave in upper half, the occiput being somewhat

concave above, frontal profile moderately sloping, very slightly convex, the

ocellar tubercle rather protuberant, and the ocelli larger than as a rule, facial

profile considerably receding, somewhat convex owing to the size of the eyes,

but shortly concave above vibrissal angles, which project much less than frons,

peristomal profile evenly and rather strongly convex, vibrissae at mouth-margin,

shghtly above level of lower eye-margins. Upper two-thirds of eyes coarse-

faceted, contiguous on almost intermediate third of frons, where the para-

frontalia are linear or indistinct, and where the interfrontalia have disappeared ;

vertex about one-seventh, frons at lunula one-fifth head-width, interfrontalia

reduced to a short triangle above lunula and a much smaller, more elongate

one in front of ocelli; parafrontalia with 3-4 inclinate setae on anterior third,

and without any setae or hairs above this part. Ocellars hardly longer than

ocellar tubercle, inner and outer verticals of the same length, not very distinct.

Face rather strongly dilated with the sides sinuous, viz. somewhat convex at

level of arista and somewhat concave towards lower extremity of eye; para-

facialia half as wide, jowls more than half as wide again, as third antennal seg-

ment. The latter thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by its own

width; arista plumose, the rays fast becoming shorter on apical third, the longest

rays about one-fourth longer than the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy fine and long, in 4 irregular rows before and in about 6

behind suture, prsc long and fine; 2+4 very long dc; 2 strong and long post za,

the anterior one in front of level of second post dc; pra absent, the other dorsal

setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stpl not very

strong, anterior stp/ rather strong, posterior one strong.

Abdomen oblong-subconical with truncate apex, hypopygium of male not

prominent; fourth ventrite broadly excised, the base of the excision forming a

somewhat obtuse angle, but not rounded, the margins almost straight but

somewhat concave near apex, as the lobes are slightly produced at apex (Fig.

82). Hair long and erect, especially at sides, the first segment with 2-3 weak,

the second with about 4 rather strong, lateral marginals, third and fourth with

a strong marginal row, third in addition with some moderately strong lateral

discals, fourth with an irregular discal row.

MUSCIDAE 625

Wings subhyaline, somewhat smoky on apical half from hind end of m-m

to apex of 7; and of 74,5; veins pale ochraceous at base. 7; somewhat exceeding

level of y-m, the latter at three-fifths of discal cell. 74.; and m very slightly

converging at apex, 74;; evenly and slightly curved backwards, reaching costa

almost in wing-tip, m virtually

straight, almost unnoticeably bent

forwards at apical fourth of its

distal section. Upper calyptra sub-

hyaline, lower one smoky, not very

hyaline, border and fringe of

calyptrae golden-brown. Halteres

fuscous.

Legs: fore tibia without a p

seta; mid-femur with a_ rather

conspicuous row of short a setae

from base to beyond middle, 6-7

pv in basal half or somewhat more,

a p and pd preapical and a very

small a preapical, mid-tibia with

2 p setae; hind femur with an ad

row, a pd preapical, an av row of

about 6 rather short and fine setae Fic. 82.—Helina (Hebecnema) heteromma sp. n.

in basal three-fifths and about 4 Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps, Leitz eye-

: piece 4, objective 3; (b) fourth ventrite, Leitz

considerably stronger ones on apical 2, 3. Scales o-1 mm.

two-fifths, and a pu row of 7-8 fine

and short setae on basal two-thirds, hind tibia with an ad at middle, an av

somewhat beyond middle and a d and ad preapical, the ad one hardly longer

than tibial diameter.

UcanpbA: Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type; Nyam-

gasani Valley, 8000—go00 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 3 paratype.

Helina (Hebecnema) semiflava Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 482.

n. syn. Hebecnema afvicana Séguy 1938, Miss. scient. Omo 4: 3706.

n. syn. Helina cuthbertsont Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.35 (’.W.E.), forma a, 2 3, 4 2, forma },

34 (Fig. 83 0); forma c, 2 g, 2 9; forma e, 24, 4 2 (Fig. 83 c); Namwamba Valley,

Ruwenzori, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), forma e, 3 g; Kilembe, Ruwenzori, 4500 ft.

(F.W.E.), forma c, 19; forma e, I g (light trap). Kenya: Katamayo, Aberdares,

8000 ft. (F.W.E.), forma e, 1 9; Mt. Kinangop, Aberdares, 8000 ft., cedar forest

(F.W.E.), forma e, r g; Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.),

forma d, I 9.

626 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho; Kilimanjaro. NataL: Durban;

of africana: KENYA: Elgon Saw Mill, Mt. Elgon, east side, 2470 m.; of cuth-

bertsont: S. RHODESIA: Balla Balla. Recorded from: Natat: New Hanover.

UGANDA: Mujenje (Stein, 1918). In B.M. from: GoL_p Coast: Obuasi, Ashanti,

8.vil.o7 (W. M. Graham), 1 3. BELGIaAn Conco: Tshibinda, viii.31 (TJ. D. A.

lic. 83.—Helina (Hebecnema) semiflava Stein. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps

of specimen from Kampala; (b) superior forceps, specimen of forma 6 from

Budongo Forest; (c) superior forceps, specimen of forma e from Budongo Forest,

all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (d) fourth ventrite, specimen of forma e from

Budongo Forest, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

Cockerell). UGANDA: Kampala, 30.1.27 (H. Hargreaves), 1 3, 2 9 (Fig. 83 a).

Kenya: Naivasha, vii.37 (1. J. A. Turner), forma d, 1 9; forma eé, 3 3, I 9;

Nairobi, vii.30 (V. G. L. van Someren), forma c, I g, I 9; forma e, 1 g. S.

RHODESIA: Balla Balla, 11.33, at faeces, 3477 (A. Cuthbertson), forma c-d, I 8.

CAPE PROVINCE: Somerset East, x.30 (R. E. Turner), forma b-c, with fuscous

halteres, 19. Seen from: UGANDA: Bwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, vii.45 (G. R. C.

van Someren), forma b, I 2; forma d, 1 2; W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vil.45

(G. R. C. van Someren), forma d, 19. Kenya: Ngong, i.43 (V. G. L. van Someren),

forma e, 1 g; Nairobi, vii.37, on Composite 120 (V. G. L. van Someren), forma e,

1 3g; Teita Hills, viui.47 (van Someren), forma e, 2 dg.

H. semiflava is extremely variable in coloration, but the various forms are

occurring together, as is shown by the list of localities. These forms are:

forma a, all femora (and tibiae), halteres and third antennal segment wholly

pale; forma 6: fore femora fuscous or conspicuously infuscate; forma c: fore

femora fuscous, third antennal segment infuscate, halteres pale; forma d: all

femora and third antennal segment fuscous, halteres pale; forma e: like d but

halteres infuscate to fuscous. There is even a certain variation in the superior

forceps, that of the Kampala $ (Fig. 83 a) differing rather markedly from the

other dissected terminalia. No other characters for separating this male (with

the characters of forma d) from semiflava have been found, and the females are

typical semiflava, belonging to forms a and d. This species is extremely similar

MUSCIDAE 627

to mgrithorax Stein from the Oriental region and Mauritius, but the tarsi are

strongly infuscate in semiflava, whilst they are pale testaceous in nigrithorax.

Helina cuthbertsoni is described as having 3 post dc, but all the other characters

are those of the present species. Dr. Curran has kindly lent me the type, which

has 4 post dc pores, though it has lost all the dc setae.

Sbg. Helinella Mall.

1926, Phil. J. Sci. 31: 498.

The genotype is the Oriental H. propinqua Stein, which has proved to occur

also in large parts of the Ethiopian region. The other Ethiopian species differ

rather strikingly from the genotype and are closely allied among themselves.

They will probably later on be regarded as a subgenus of their own.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SBG. HELINELLA

1 (15) pra at least as long as second npl (Figs. 84, 85), seldom distinctly smaller,

in this case the ventro-lateral margin of scutellum with some setulae.

Dorsal extension (beret) of hypopleura in front of metathoracic spiracle

with one or a few fine hairs, which are not often absent.! Setulae on

underside of m situated a short distance beyond node. Apex of 7,4,,

distinctly somewhat sigmoid. Rather stout species reminiscent of

Calliphorids.

Three strong post dc (Fig. 84). Antennae fuscous. Fringe of calyptrae (in

phaeoxantha sometimes only of lower one) pale yellow to whitish. Ventro-

lateral edge of scutellum bare.

3 (4) Anterior post 1a absent. Thorax, coxae and femora fuscous, the pollinosity

largely dark brown, especially in front of scutellum, grey towards neck

only. Halteres strongly infuscate. g: frons wider at narrowest point than

ocellar tubercle, interfrontalia conspicuous in their entire length

cockerelli sp. n.

4 (3) Anterior post 1a well developed. Thorax partly (at least humeral callosity)

ferruginous. Halteres pale. gj: frons as a rule narrower near middle than

ocellar tubercle, and interfrontalia vanished or very narrow in middle

third (unknown in phaeoxantha).

5 (6, 7) Scutellum fuscous with densely brown-dusted disc. Mesonotum fuscous

from neck to scutellum with ferruginous shoulders and sides and dense

greyish and brown dust, the brown dust prevailing behind suture and in

front of suture on a pair of paramedian vittae. Abdomen fuscous with

testaceous base, not very densely grey dusted without distinct black

spots, but with some shifting spots. phaeoxantha sp. n.

6 (5, 7) Scutellum brown-black with an apical spot of pale grey dust. Mesonotum

(Fig. 84) with four anteriorly fused spots in front of suture and a transverse

band or 4 or 6 spots behind suture, otherwise densely whitish-grey dusted,

especially on a transverse band in front of scutellum. Abdomen with a

pair of brownish-black roundish or subtriangular spots on second and

third segments and a median vitta on fourth 2 : anthomyitina sp. n

7 (5, 6) Scutellum translucent light brown with thin whitish dust. Mesonotum

ferruginous or ferruginous brown with not very dense white dust and four

undusted vittae. Abdomen with a pair of brownish black subtriangular

spots on second and third segments. 3: interfrontalia vanished in middle

third yufinota sp. n

8 (2) Four strong post dc (Fig. 85).

—

ie)

1 These have not been traced in any of the five specimens of phaeovantha.

628 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

9 (12) Thorax (lig. 85) rather shiny, especially on the vittae, which are almost

undusted. Scutellum rather convex. Hair of mesonotum very fine.

Anterior 7a more or less conspicuously (by at least 3-4 times the diameter

of its pore) in front of a line imagined through the second dc and the sa.

Ventro-lateral edge of scutellum bare. 9: the spot of shifting reflections

on the parafacialia near base of antennae very conspicuous and large

castanea Curr... . 10

10 (11) Antennae, palpi and interfrontalia orange. Hair on occiput behind the

occipital row orange. Fringe of calyptrae brown [castanea castanea Curr. |

11 (10) Antennae, palpi and interfrontalia fuscous. Hair on occiput all black except

for some on ventro-median part. Fringe of calyptrae whitish or golden

castanea fuscicoynis ssp. n.

12 (9) Thorax rather dull, the vittae densely ferruginous or light-brown dusted.

Scutellum somewhat flattened on disc. Hair of mesonotum stronger but

shorter. Anterior za very closely (distant by about twice the diameter of

its pore) in front of a line imagined through the second dc and the sa. 9:

the spot of shifting reflections on the parafacialia near base of antennae

inconspicuous and small.

13 (14) Ventro-lateral edge of scutellum bare. fva more or less conspicuously

longer than second npl, about two-thirds the length of the sa. Second

and third abdominal segments without or with faint dark spots. With

or without some setulose hairs in front of upper end of metathoracic

spiracle, but bare in front of its lower end . : subsetosa Curr.

(13) Ventro-lateral edge of scutellum with a row of setulose hairs} similar to

those of disc. pra slightly shorter to slightly longer than second xpi,

somewhat less than half the length of sa. With some setulose hairs in

front of upper and also a few in front of lower end of metathoracic spiracle.

A small median and a pair of transverse, laterally narrowed, dorsal spots

on second and third abdominal segments more conspicuous . fvufina Stein|

15 (1) pra small, much shorter than second nvpl, or absent. Ventro-lateral margin

of scutellum bare. Hypopleura bare. 2+ 3 dc (actually 2+ 4, the first post

one being very small), the first strong one not farther from suture than

from the second strong one. Apex of m conspicuously though not strongly

upcurved.” (Helinella s. str.)—Thorax fuscous, pale-grey dusted, with a

pair of narrow paramedian vittae, which do not exceed the second strong

post dc, and a pair of incomplete narrow outer vittae . . [propinqua Stein]

Helina (Helinella) cockerelli sp. n. J 2

Length, 5-7-6-6 mm. ; of wings, 6-4-6-9 mm.

Fuscous black, rather shiny, thorax not very densely cinereous and brown

dusted, the base of the abdomen dull testaceous-translucent. Interfrontalia

deep black, head otherwise rather densely whitish-grey dusted, the lunula and

parafacialia silver-white dusted, the latter with a spot of blackish reflections

at the level of the second antennal segment. Mesonotum brown dusted except

towards neck where the dust becomes gradually cinereous or even whitish grey,

on either side with a moderately narrow paramedian and a broad sublateral

vitta (therefore with pale dusted median and dc vittae), which are less clearly

defined behind suture; scutellum brown-dusted on disc and more greyish along

the margins. Basal part of abdomen testaceous-translucent, base and a linear

1 In 3-4 specimens this character is poorly developed, and in two these hairs are com-

pletely absent. The hairs near the lower end of the metathoracic spiracles also may be

indistinct or absent.

* Apex of m not upcurved. Halteres and calyptrae black. Body deep black, mesonotum

with grey dust and four undusted vittae. 9 mm. “H. mauva Stein.

MUSCIDAE 629

hind margin of the first, a more or less broad suffused hind margin of the second,

all, or almost all, of the third, and the entire fourth abdominal segment fuscous,

in female only part of the first segment testaceous translucent. Antennae, palpi

and legs fuscous, the trochanters largely ferruginous, and the tibiae testaceous,

both thoracic spiracles dark brown.

Head of male about nine-tenths, of female three-quarters, higher than long,

occipital profile almost straight with the lower half slightly convex, in male

more than the upper half of the occiput broadly and shallowly excavate, frontal

profile slightly convex in male, straight in anterior half in female, facial profile

almost straight and very slightly receding with the vibrissal angles rather

strongly produced, peristomal profile almost straight with only the anterior

quarter moderately ascending, vibrissae slightly below level of mouth-margin,

not much below or at level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-eleventh

to one-twelfth head-width above middle, one-sixth to one-eighth at vertex, and

one-fourth to one-fifth at lunula, interfrontalia only slightly wider than a para-

frontale, the latter with a proclinate setula slightly in front of anterior ocellus

and on anterior half with 2 moderately strong and 2-3 fine inclinate setae;

frons of female almost three-tenths head-width at vertex, dilated with almost

straight sides to lunula, where it is more than a third head-width, frontal

triangle apparently reaching lunula, interfrontalia 3-4 times the width of a

parafrontale, the latter with 3 (?) inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior

reclinate the weaker, in addition with some proclinate setulae on anterior-

exterior part. Ocellars long and in female rather strong, verticals of male rather

indistinct, inner verticals of female strong, outer ones not very strong. Face

moderately dilated with almost straight sides, parafacialia one-third, jowls fully,

the width of the third antennal segment or both slightly wider. Third antennal

joint 2} times as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its own

width, arista long-plumose, the rays rather numerous and slowly decreasing

in length from middle to apex, the longest ones twice as long as width of third

antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 8-10 irregular rows, prsc absent or fine; 2+-3 dc,

which are very strong except for the markedly shorter first frst one; anterior

post 1a absent; second npl shorter than first ~f/ and much shorter than the

strong pra; the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal

and lower stf/ rather weak, anterior s¢f/ moderately strong, posterior stpl very

strong. Metathoracic spiracles large and formed as in Dichaetomyia, but without

setulose hairs.

Abdomen subcordate with a few rather strong marginals near and on lateral

surface of first and second and a few weak discals near and on lateral surface

of second and third segments, the third in addition with a rather strong mar-

ginal row, fourth with a discal and marginal row, the former somewhat inter-

rupted at middle. Hypopygium of male only slightly prominent, the fourth

IT, 6 (u)

630 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

ventrite broadly excised with the anterior end of the excision broadly truncate,

the lobes rather narrow and parallel-sided, somewhat diverging from each other,

rounded at tip.

Wings greyish subhyaline, the veins creamy white at base, 7, slightly

exceeding level of y-m, the latter beyond middle of discal cell; m-m somewhat

oblique though almost straight ; 74, and m somewhat converging shortly before

and at apex, 74;; being markedly sinuous with the extreme tip upcurved,

being slightly upcurved at tip. Calyptrae greyish hyaline with creamy border

and fringe. Halteres testaceous, the knob largely infuscate.

Legs: fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid-femur with a p, pd, pd

(almost d), ad and a preapical and (male only, mid- and hind legs of the only

female missing) 6 fine and long fv setae on slightly more than basal half, mid-

tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a p, pd and a preapical, 4 fine

but rather long pv setae on slightly more than basal half, a few longer pu

setulae at apex, and an av row of 5-8 moderately strong setae, hind tibia with

a strong ad, 2 small av, and a strong a and ad preapical.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mpanga Valley, 6000 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, I gd para-

type; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 g paratype. BELGIAN CONGO:

Tshibinda, 21-27.vili.31 (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, Miss A. Mackie), 1 3, 1 2

paratypes. Seen from: UGANDA: W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vi1.45 (G. R. C.

van Someren), 2 $ paratypes (returned to Dr. V. G. L. van Someren).

Helina (Helinella) phaeoxantha sp. n. 2

Length, 6-0-7:3 mm.; of wings, 7-0-8-7 mm.

Head and abdomen (but for its base) fuscous, thorax and base of abdomen

pale ferruginous, the former with more or less large fuscous areas, pollinosity

moderately dense. Interfrontalia dull reddish black, head otherwise grey

dusted, parafacialia with a smallish and only moderately conspicuous spot of

blackish reflections at level of second antennal segment. Thorax pale ferru-

ginous with yellowish-grey pollinosity; a broad median vitta, which reaches

or passes the dc laterally, on the mesonotum fuscous with cinereous dust and

a pair of vittae brown-dusted, which coalesce behind suture; scutellum also

fuscous with brown and towards the margins more greyish dust; the pleurae

with 2 small sclerites only, below and in front of wing base, brown (in the

Namwamba specimens the meso-, ptero-, and metapleura fuscous), Abdomen

largely fuscous with rather dense grey dust and some shifting blackish spots,

fourth segment with a brown-dusted median vitta, first segment, but for a

suffused dark hind margin, and sometimes lateral basal part of second segment

pale ferruginous, ventral surface largely pale ferruginous (in the Namwamba

specimens this coloration is confined to the ventral part of the base of the first

segment and the median margins of the ventral surface of the following

MUSCIDAE 631

segments). Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous, legs otherwise pale ferruginous

with the apex of the femora sometimes slightly browned, base of the palpi

somewhat dull brownish translucent.

Head almost one-half to two-thirds higher than long, occipital profile

straight in upper and moderately convex in lower half, which is somewhat

upholstered, frontal profile somewhat convex at extremities, almost straight in

middle, facial profile almost straight and slightly receding with the vibrissal

angles considerably produced and somewhat more projecting than frons, peri-

stomal profile straight in posterior two-thirds, moderately ascending in a

straight line in anterior third, the vibrissae just below level of mouth-margin,

somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes rather distinctly haired;

frons almost three-tenths to one-third head-width at vertex, moderately dilated

with straight sides to lunula, where it is almost two-fifths head-width; frontal

triangle not much exceeding middle, the apex somewhat drawn out but not

reaching lunula, interfrontalia 4-5 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale,

the latter with 4—5 inclinate and 1 reclinate seta and with a row of proclinate

black setulae on antero-exterior half. Ocellars and inner verticals long and

strong, outer verticals moderately strong. Face moderately dilated with the

sides very slightly concave, parafacialia less than 4, jowls less than 14 times,

as wide as third antennal joint. The latter 24 times as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by less than half its own width; arista long-plumose,

the rays slowly decreasing in length from apical third onwards, the longest

rays almost half as long again as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with 7-9 irregular rows of acr, prsc fine but distinct; 2+3 strong dc;

both post ia rather strong, the anterior one about half-way between the levels

of the first post de and the sa; second np/ not very strong, pra strong or rather

strong, the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal,

anterior and lower stf/ moderately strong, posterior stp/ very strong.

Abdomen short-ovate with pointed apex, first and second segments each

with a moderately strong and 1~2 finer lateral marginals, second and third

with some not very strong lateral discals, third in addition with a row of rather

strong marginals, fourth with a row of moderately strong discals and marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge; 7, not quite reaching level

of r-m, the latter at or somewhat beyond middle of discal cell; 74,; and m

slightly converging somewhat before, but distinctly diverging at, tip, 7,,,; being

markedly sinuous with upcurved tip, and m being only just noticeably upcurved

at apex. Calyptrae greyish hyaline with creamy border and fringe, the fringe

of the upper calyptra sometimes brownish. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without submedian setae; mid-femur with the a row of the

basal half rather inconspicuous, an a, p, Pd and pd (almost d) preapical, and

5-6 fine moderately long pv setae on about basal half, mid-tibia with 2 rather

strong # setae; hind femur with an ad row, which is rather dense in basal half,

632 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

an a and pd preapical, 2-5 fine pv on basal half or slightly more, and 6-8 av,

which are rather fine and somewhat unequal, and of which only the last or

last but one is strong, forming a preapical, hind tibia with a rather strong ad

at middle, a rather weak av slightly beyond it, and a well-developed d and ad

preapical.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-9000 ft. (D. R. Buxton),

2 type, 22 paratypes; Namwamba Valley, 11,000 ft. (E.G. Gibbins), 12 paratype;

(F.W.E.), I 2 paratype.

The Namwamba specimens have the mesonotum more extensively infuscate,

the fuscous coloration reaching the frst and za, and in one of them the noto-

pleura and the area between the za and the base of the wing is somewhat

darkened.

Helina (Helinella) anthomyiina sp. n. ¢2

Length, 5-6-6-9 mm.; of wings, 5-8-7-8 mm.

Fuscous with dense whitish or golden-grey dust, the thorax, except for

scutellum, metanotum, and the sclerites round the base of the wing, often

ferruginous, the pattern fuscous with dark-brown dust, except on the ferru-

ginous parts. Interfrontalia dull black, often somewhat reddish anteriorly;

parafacialia with a conspicuous spot (especially in female) of dark, often dull

reddish, reflections at level of second antennal segment, jowls often ferruginous

translucent. Mesonotum (Fig. 84) with 4 less-dusted rufous or fuscous brown

vittae, which are fused behind neck, tend to fuse on either side in front of

suture and across the whole width of the mesonotum behind suture, and which

pass the second post dc posteriorly, the lateral vitta rather broadly interrupted

in front of suture and indistinctly doubled behind suture (the pattern can also

be described as 4 prst spots, the paramedian ones of which are fused with a

post band, which latter is formed by 4 or 6 coalescing spots) ; scutellum fuscous

with dark-brown dust and a grey-dusted apical spot, which may occupy more

than half the dorsal surface. Abdomen fuscous, the first or first and part of

second segment sometimes testaceous translucent, rather densely pale-grey

dusted with shifting fuscous spots on the dark parts, first and second segments

each with a pair of rounded or subtriangular brown-dusted spots, fourth with

a rather broad brown-dusted median vitta. Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous,

base of the palpi sometimes dull ferruginous translucent, femora fuscous-brown,

tibiae more or less strongly infuscate, in the Bwamba and Elgon specimens

femora and tibiae pale ferruginous, the former with a brown or fuscous apical

suffusion.

Head twice as high as long in male, almost three-fifths to more than two-

thirds higher than long in female, occipital profile straight in male, the occiput

being somewhat concave, straight in upper and slightly convex in lower half

MUSCIDAE 633

in female, frontal profile straight or very slightly convex, facial profile moder-

ately concave below, vibrissal angles somewhat produced, in male slightly more

projecting than frons; peristomal profile almost straight in posterior two-thirds,

moderately ascending and almost straight in anterior third, vibrissae just below

level of mouth-margin and somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes

of male separated by less than the width of the third antennal segment, frons

less than one-eighth head-width at vertex and one-sixth or slightly more at

lunula, parafrontalia almost linear, except anteriorly; with a pair of proclinate

setulae in front of ocelli and 4-5 inclinate setae and setulae on anterior half;

frons of female more than one-quarter head-width at vertex, rather strongly

dilated with almost straight sides to lunula, where it is more than a third

head-width, frontal triangle not reaching anterior margin of frons, interfrontalia

4 times as wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 2-4 inclinate and

2 sub-equal reclinate setae, in addition with a few proclinate setulae on anterior

outer half. Ocellars strong, inner and outer verticals very small or indistinct

in male, inner verticals strong and outer verticals moderately strong in female.

Face rather strongly dilated with

virtually straight sides in male,

moderately dilated with the sides

hardly noticeably concave in

female; parafacialia 4, jowls fully

to 14 times, as wide as third

antennal segment. The latter

24-3 times as long as wide, falling

short of mouth-margin by less

than half its own width; arista

long-plumose, the rays becoming

slowly shorter in apical half, the

longest rays almost twice as long

as width of third antennal

segment.

Thorax (Fig. 84) with the acy

in about 8 irregular rows in front

of and 10 behind suture, prsc

distinct but rather fine; 2+-3 dc,

which are very strong but for the | he

5 4 Tic. 84.—Helina (Helinella) anthomytina sp. n.

first one; 2 rather strong post 7a; Dorsal view of thorax.

posterior »f/ moderately strong,

pra strong. Propleural, prostigmatal, anterior and lower s¢f/ moderately strong,

posterior stpl very strong, auxiliary (anterior lower) s/// fine or indistinct.

Wings subhyaline, slightly smoky, veins brown with whitish base. 7,

reaching or almost reaching level of y-m, the latter beyond middle of discal

634 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

cell; 74,; and m parallel or slightly converging somewhat before apex; both

slightly upcurved at extreme tip, 74,; being markedly sinuous. Calyptrae

greyish subhyaline with whitish border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish

yellow.

Abdomen shortly ovate-subcordate, rather convex; male hypopygium not

prominent, the second genital segment with a median furrow; fourth ventrite

with a deep parallel-sided excision, the base of which is truncate at right angles,

the resulting lobes truncate on inner and apical margins, which are fringed

with fine yellow pile. First and second segments with I-3 not very strong

lateral marginals, second with one, third with a few rather weak lateral discals,

third segment in addition with a row of more or less strong marginals, fourth

with a row of rather strong discals and rather weak marginals.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with a row of short a setae

from base to middle, 1 at middle usually longer, an a, ad, p, pd and pd (almost d)

preapical and 3-5 moderately long and strong fv setae in basal half or three-

fifths; mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, an a, p and pd

preapical, 1-3 pv in basal half or so, and 5-8 av, one of which forms a strong

preapical, hind tibia with a strong ad, a not very strong av, and a strong d and

ad preapical.

Kenya: Kijabé, vii.30, vi (V. G. L. van Someren), 3 type, I 2 paratype;

Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), I § paratype. UGANDA:

Bwamba Valley (G. R. C. van Someren), I 2 paratype. CAMEROON: Mt. Cameroon,

Jonga, 5000 ft., 6.11.32, in bush (MM. Steele), 1 2 paratype.

In the Mt. Elgon and Mt. Cameroon specimens, the ground colour of the

mesonotum is brown-black, whilst it is ferruginous in the remaining specimens.

Helina (Helinella) rufinota sp. n. ¢2

Length, 6-3-7:2 mm.; of wings, 7-4—7-8 mm.

Head fuscous, thorax ferruginous, abdomen testaceous translucent at base,

more or less broadly infuscate at apex. Interfrontalia dull black; face and

lunula silver-white dusted, head otherwise cinereous-grey dusted; parafacialia

with a spot of dark-brown reflections at level of second antennal segment.

Mesonotum not very thickly whitish or greyish dusted with a pair of moderately

narrow undusted paramedian vittae from neck to level of second post de or

almost to that level, a wedge-shaped median vitta from there to scutellar suture,

and a sublateral vitta on either side from ph to second post 7a and outwards

to beyond the frst and sa; scutellum translucent light brown, rather densely

greyish dusted, the dust somewhat brownish on basal half. Abdomen not very

densely whitish-grey dusted, second and third segments in posterior view each

with a pair of rather large subtriangular dark-brown shining spots;

fourth segment largely dark brown with shifting whitish dusted spots.

MUSCIDAE 635

Antennae, palpi and tarsi fuscous, legs otherwise pale ferruginous with the apex

of the femora, the base of the tibiae, and sometimes the whole tibiae infuscate.

Head almost twice as high as long in male, almost four-fifths higher than

long in female, occipital profile almost straight in male (the occiput somewhat

concave), straight in upper half and slightly convex in lower half in female,

frontal profile slightly convex, facial profile somewhat concave below, the

vibrissal angles moderately produced, slightly more projecting than frons,

peristomal profile largely straight, the anterior fourth somewhat more ascending,

vibrissae just below mouth-margin, somewhat below level of lower eye-margins.

Eyes of male subcontiguous for a considerable distance, interfrontalia confined

to anterior two-fifths, eyes separated by less than half the width of the third

antennal segment, frons at vertex one-eleventh, at lunula one-sixth head-width,

parafrontalia with a proclinate setula in front of ocelli and with 3-5 inclinate

setae, some of them very small, on anterior third; frons of female a quarter

head-width or somewhat more at vertex, conspicuously dilated with practically

straight (just noticeably concave) sides to lunula, where it is one-third head-

width, frontal triangle not quite reaching lunula, interfrontalia 3-4 times as

wide at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with (3—)4 inclinate and 2 reclinate

setae, the anterior reclinate being distinctly the weaker, in addition with an

irregular row of proclinate black setulae on anterior two-thirds. Ocellars long

and strong, inner and outer verticals of male subequal, fine but rather long

and conspicuous, inner and outer verticals of female moderately strong. Face

moderately dilated with the sides very slightly convex in male and very slightly

concave in female; parafacialia almost half as wide, jowls fully as wide to half

as wide again, as third antennal segment. The latter almost thrice as long as

wide, virtually reaching mouth-margin; arista long-plumose, the rays rather

numerous, slowly decreasing in length on apical third, the longest ones 14-1}

times the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 9-10 irregular rows, prsc moderately strong; 2+-3 dc,

which are very strong but for the somewhat variable first one; 2 strong post za,

the anterior one half-way between levels of first post dc and sa; second nfl

much shorter than first and the strong pra; the other dorsal setae developed

normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower stf/ moderately strong, anterior

stpl strong, posterior one very strong, in addition as a rule a quite conspicuous

auxiliary (lower anterior) s/p/ present.

Abdomen subcordate-subcircular, hypopygium of male not projecting, only

the fourth ventrite somewhat raised and prominent, with a broadly arched,

almost semicircular excision, the lobes short, rounded at apex. First and second

segments each with 1-2 rather weak lateral marginals, second also with 1-2

weak lateral discals, third with 1-2 in female weak, in male moderately strong,

lateral discals and a row of moderately strong marginals, fourth with a row of

moderately strong discals and in male similar, in female much weaker marginals.

636 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings subhyaline with a very slight brownish tinge, the veins creamy

white at base. 7, reaching or slightly exceeding level of 7—-m, the latter at or

somewhat beyond middle of discal cell, m-m somewhat oblique in male; 74,;

and m subparallel before apex, 74;; conspicuously sinuous with the extreme tip

upcurved, m slightly upcurved at apex. Calyptrae greyish hyaline with whitish

border and fringe, except for a brownish part of the fringe of the upper calyptra.

Halteres dull reddish white.

Legs: fore tibia without a # seta; mid-femur with one or a few short a setae

near middle, an a, fp, fd and pd (almost d) preapical, 4-6 rather fine fv on

basal half or somewhat more, and some erect av setulae on basal two-fifths,

mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a p and fd preapical,

3-4 fine fv in basal half, and an av row, consisting of about 6-8 somewhat

unequal setae, among which there is a somewhat stronger one at basal third

or two-fifths and 2-3 stronger ones near apex, hind tibia with a strong ad at

middle, a not very strong av somewhat beyond it, sometimes a second weak av

about level with the ad, and with a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), J type, I d para-

type; Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner), 1 3 paratype (returned to Coryndon

Memorial Museum). UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.),

1 9 paratype; W. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., vii.46 (van Someren), I 2 paratype

(in coll. van Someren). Mitanda, 6000 ft., 1.11.32 (HW. Hargreaves), 1 2 paratype.

[Helina (Helinella) castanea Curr. ]

1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 12.

Typical locality: S. RHopEs1A: Vumba Mts. Through Dr. Curran’s kindness

I have been able to verify the identification by an examination of the type. In

B.M. from typical locality, 11.35 (A. Cuthbertson), 1 3 obviously collected

together with the typical series, 20.x.35 (A. Cuthbertson), 1 3, I Q, 1.11.35

(Drysdale), 1 9.

Helina (Helinella) castanea fuscicornis ssp. n. 3°

Though identical in structural characters the Ruwenzori (or East African ?)

form deviates strikingly from the type form by its coloration, the antennae,

palpi and interfrontalia being fuscous, whilst in castanea castanea the former

two are yellowish or bright orange and the latter brown orange. In ssp. fusci-

cornis (Fig. 85) the occipital hairs behind the occipital row are largely fuscous,

the fringe of the calyptrae is paler, whitish or golden, and the tibiae and apical

half of the femora are conspicuously infuscate (in castanea s. str. slightly

browned).

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, 2 g

paratypes; Nyamgasani Valley, 6400 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 2° paratype.

MUSCIDAE 637

Helina (Helinella) subsetosa Curran

Helina subsetosa Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 13.

n. syn. Helina vhodesiana Curran 1938, l.c. 11, 14.

n. syn. Phaonia munroi Curran 1938, l.c. 6, 9; Emden 1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(11) 10: 89.

UGanpDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe 4500 ft. (F.W.E.) 1d.

Typical locality: S. RHopEsIA: Salisbury; of rhodesiana: S. RHODESIA:

Gurungwe; of munrot: CAPE PROVINCE: Prospect. 2

A'S

Imm.

Tic. 85.—Helina (Helinella) castanea fuscicornis ssp. n. Dorsal view of thorax.

In B.M. from: SAo THomr Istanp (W. Africa), 6.xi.32 (W. H. T. Tams),

12. Kenya: Nairobi, v.30, from vegetable marrow (7. J. Anderson), 4 3, 9 Q;

Kiambu, 23.vi.31 (Rk. H. Le Pelley); Ngong (V. G. L. van Someren), 1x.35, 3 &,

vi.36, 1 g; Nairobi, vii.30 (V. G. L. van Someren), 2 3, 3 2; Limuro, v1.37, bred

ex wild banana (V. G. L. van Someren), 2 3, 2 9; Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A.

Turner), 22; Chyulu Hills (Coryndon Mus. Exp.), vi. 38, 5600 ft., I 9, vil.38,

6000 ft., 1 g. UGANDA: Bwamba Valley, iv.44 and vii.45 (G. R. C. van Someren),

Ig, 19. S. RHopEsiA: near Chirinda, 3800 ft. (C. F. M. Swynnerton), 4.1v.10,

at bananas, 4 4g, 3.iv.10, 2 ¢, 25.iv.10, I g, I Q; 21.iii.10, at light, 1 2; Inyanga

(A. Cuthbertson), 31.139, 2 9; 30.1.39, I d; xi.33, I Q; Salisbury, 15.v.39 (A.

Cuthbertson), 1 3; 1x.36, I 9; x.34, I gj 15.vi.32, 1 2. Nata: Durban, Umbilo,

635 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

13.vli. and 17.viil.13 (L. Bevis), 2 2; Pietermaritzburg, xii.12 (Cl. Fuller), 1 9.

CAPE PROVINCE: Mossel Bay, vi.2r (R. E. Turner), 1 9; Cape Town to Cape

Point, 6-13.x1.30 (H. W. Simmonds), 1 3. Seen from: SuDAN: Nagichot,

31.11.46 (D. J. Lewis), 1 3, 1 Y; Loti, 19.xi.33, near stream on undergrowth

(Miss M. Steele), 19. KENYA: Meru, vi.43 (V. G. L. van Someren), 1 3; Nairobi,

“Gdm”’, 15.1x.32 (C. B. Symes), 1 §. UGANDA: Dwoli, 21.iv.27 (H. Hargreaves),

1 9. S. RHODESIA: Vumba Mts., 29.1.39, at rotting pears (A. Cuthbertson), 1 @.

The characters mentioned by Curran (coloration of antennae, palpi and hair

of front coxae and the slightly wider frons of the male) for rhodesiana are

subject to individual variation, and I am not able to separate the two forms

in the rather large material at hand. In five specimens (Bwamba Valley,

Inyanga, and Mt. Chirinda) the anterior post 7a is absent, but these specimens

are otherwise identical with the other material. The Sao Thomé specimen has

a group of small black hairs on upper part of pteropleura, which are similar

to those of Dichaetomyia but smaller. No other differences are visible, and in

the absence of a second specimen or more it would appear rash to consider this

form a separate geographical race.

Dr. Curran has sent me a male specimen of this species from Salisbury,

12.11.35 (A. Cuthbertson), labelled subsetosa by him, and he has also very kindly

lent me the type of rhodesiana; these specimens prove that I have identified

the two forms correctly. Apart from the infuscate apical half of the third

antennal segment sbsetosa does not differ from rhodesiana. The type of

Phaonia munroi, which also was among the types sent by Dr. Curran, too,

belongs to this species, and munroi must therefore be deleted from my key to

the species of Phaonia.

[Helina (Helinella) rufina (Stein) Curr.]

Spilogastey vufina Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 48.

Spilarvia vufina Stein, Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 17.

n. syn. Helina inferioy Curran 1938, l.c. 13.

Typical locality: Toco: Bismarckburg. Recorded from TRANSVAAL:

Barberton. LIBERIA: Betala (Curran). Stein’s records from Abyssinia, Tangan-

yika and Natal will probably refer all or in part to H. subsetosa Curran. In

B.M. from: UGANDA: Kawanda, 24.1x.39, ex rotten fruit ““ Kapa’”’ (Apocynaceae)

(H. Hargreaves), i g, 1 2; Bugomolo, 24.iv.27 (WH. Hargreaves), 1 3. BELGIAN

Conco: Eala, vii.35 (J. Ghesquiére), 4 3, 3 2; v1.35, I 2; 20.1x.35, from fruits of

Ficus mucuto, I g; 18—21.11.35, from fruits of Rollinia siébért, 1 2, 26.x.36, 4 3,

1 9; x.36, 1 9. N. Nicer1a: Omu, 3.v.12 (J. W. S. Macfie), 1 9. Seen from:

UcanpaA: Nsagu, Bwiro, 2.ix.29 (H. Hargreaves), I 9.

There can be no doubt but that the species in front of me is the one identified

as vufina Stein by Curran. The setulae “beneath” the posterior spiracle and

the fact that the species was included by him in Sfzlavia make this quite clear.

MUSCIDAE 639

Nevertheless, the present species cannot be placed in Sfilaria because of the

setulose underside of the base of 7,;,, the absence of the auxiliary prostigmatal,

the different position of the anterior 7a, and the slightly upcurved tip of m.

These characters make rufina appear closely related with swbsetosa Curran, and

the subtlety of the distinguishing characters, together with the identical

appearance of the two species, render it certain that Stein would not have

distinguished them. The description seems to fit the present species slightly

better, and Curran’s identification is therefore accepted in spite of the fact that

Malloch identified subsetosa as rufina. One may assume that Stein later also

identified the common and at that time undescribed subsetosa as the present

species.

[Helina (Helinella) propinqua Stein]

1goo, Ann. Mus. Gen. 20: 386.

-Typical locality: AMBOINA. Recorded from: Formosa (Stein, 1915). HonG

Kone. Inpra: Calcutta (by Stein 1918). JAvA: Batavia; Samarang (Stein

1909). PHILIPPINES: Negros; Luzon (Malloch 1926). Seen or in B.M. from

SIERRA LEONE: Waterloo, vii.24, “one of 383 Diptera found on Frangipanni

tree in flower’”’ (A. Blacklock), 3 3; Njala, 11.x.33, ex banana inflorescence

(E. Hargreaves), 1 2; Njala, 21.ix.34, tomato fruit (E. Hargreaves), I g. S.

NiGcERIA: Ibadan, vii—xi.25, swept from cotton (I’. D. Golding), 2 2; Yaba,

g.x.09, from larvae in melon (W. M. Graham), 1 3. PRINCIPE ISLAND (W.

Africa), 7.xii.32 (W. H. T. Tams), 1 9. CAMEROON: Victoria, vii.16—viii.17

(F. H. FitzRoy), 1 9. BeLtGian Conco: Léopoldville, 26.iv.44, larvae in organic

debris (M. Wanson), I 3; 22.1.44, I g; 6.1.45, ex rotting potatoes (M. Wanson),

I dg, I Q; Eala, 27.vii.35, fruits of Terminalia (J. Ghesquiére), 2 3, 4.2; vii.35, on

fruits of Borassus, 7 3, I 2; 5.vill.35, ““carambolier’’, 2 4; vil.35, ““carambolier’’,

2 6, I Q; 1x.35, I fg; v1.35, I dj. 12.11.35, bred ex fruit Cola acuminata, 2 9;

18-21.11.35, bred ex fruit Rollinia siébért, 1 3, I QP; 16.x.36 (G. Couteaux),

2 3, I 9; Stanleyville, iii.26 (J. Ghesquiére). UGANDA: Kawanda, 17.xi.39,

ex pumpkin rotting through fruit fly (H. Hargreaves), 2 3, 2 2; 30.xii.40, rotten

“Kalera” (Momordica charantia) fruits (T. H. C. Taylor), i 3, 4 2; 9.11.41,

rotten fruit of “Kakiri’’ (Cucumis sativus) ([. H. C. Taylor), 1 3; Kampala,

II. and 15.vili.32 (H. Hargreaves), 2 9. KENYA: Rabai, viii.30 (V. G. L. van

Someren), i 2. ZANZIBAR: Mikimbani, 26.viii.16, larvae from rotten oranges

with Ceratitis capitata Wied. (W. M. Aders), 2 3. NYASALAND: Cholo (Rk. C.

Wood), i 9.

It is most remarkable that Stein should not have known this common and

widely distributed species from the Ethiopian region, but none of the names

in his three keys to Ethiopian Mydaea can refer to propinqua. Nor is this

species contained in Curran’s key to the Ethiopian Helina. Both Stein and

Malloch describe the male abdomen of propinqua as entirely dark. This is not

640 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

quite correct, the base of the abdomen in male being usually very distinctly

testaceous on either side below the dust. This coloration is very distinct in

dorso-lateral view, even in a Formosa specimen named by Stein. In Ethiopian

specimens the testaceous-translucent area is usually more conspicuous and can

sometimes be traced even in female; the tarsi are pale with the last two segments

browned, as described for the Oriental form. The underside of the scutellum

is dark brown up to the apical setae, with concave side-margins, caused by the

overlapping pale lateral coloration of the scutellum.

Mydhelina subg. n.

Frons of female without cruciate interfrontal or proclinate orbital setae,

with 2 rather closely placed reclinate setae, the anterior of which is smaller.

Prosternum, propleura, pteropleura, hypopleura and ventro-lateral margin of

scutellum without any hairs. Above the small and strong prostigmatal setae

there is another auxiliary prostigmatal (a in Fig. 86) which is only slightly

shorter than the normal strong one. Inner margin of lower calyptra diverging

from scutellar margin from base onwards. Mid-femur without an a preapical.

Hind tibiae without a fd seta, with a d and ad preapical, the ad well developed,

but not much longer than tibial diameter. sc markedly sinuous; sixth vein not

reaching margin of wing; all veins bare with the exception of the node at the

base of 74;;, which is setulose on ventral surface (bearing a single setula on

each side in the type). (Eyes densely hairy. Arista plumose in basal half, very

short-haired otherwise. 4 post dc; pra small but distinct.)

The type is a species transitional between Helina and Mydaea of the Mydaea-

group. If the only setula on the underside of 7,;,; in the single specimen at

hand were considered abnormal the species would be traced to Helina. However,

it would then be the only one of the numerous Ethiopian Helina to have 4 post

dc. It is therefore more probable that this setula (or setulae) is normal. In this

case the setulae on the dorsal surface might abnormally be missing (there is

no trace of a pore under strong magnification), and the typical specimen would

then have to be placed at the side of Mydaea geniculata Stein. However, this

species has rather numerous and strong setulae at the base of 74,;, 2 spots

on m-m, no p setae on the front tibiae, etc. Mydhelina semiplumosa is therefore

certainly not a form of geniculata and not closely enough related with it to

support the assumption of abnormal absence of the dorsal setulae on 74,45. The

only course open at the present time seems therefore to place it in Helina near

the subgenus Helinella where it deviates so strongly, however, that it seems

advisable to create a separate group for it. The hairy eyes, absence of an a

preapical from the mid-femora, and especially the formation of the arista are

further characters which contribute to make this a very isolated species among

the Ethiopian Phaoniinae.

Type of subgenus: H. (M.) semitplumosa sp. n.

MUSCIDAE O41

Helina (Mydhelina) semiplumosa sp. n. 2 (Fig. 86)

Length, 7-7 mm.; of wings, 7-7 mm.

Fuscous black with moderately dense pollinosity, which is silver white on

much of head and frst part of thorax, and grey otherwise, but which on the

whole of the thorax appears silver grey if viewed from behind. Cerebrale with

4 more densely white-dusted dots; interfrontalia dull black with some brown

dust; parafacialia with a large deep brown-black spot at level of arista, otherwise

like the upper half of the jowls, brown dusted to brown-golden dusted. Mesono-

tum with 4 moderately narrow dark, somewhat brown-dusted vittae, the inner

ones reaching from neck almost to level of third fost dc, the outer ones, which

are interrupted at suture, from ph backwards between the dc and za and to the

- level of the third post dc; scutellum with a brown-dusted median vitta, which

becomes obsolete near base. Second and third abdominal segments each with

a pair of not very large roundish brown spots, which are thrice as near to hind

as to fore margin. Antennae, palpi, coxae, tarsi and fore femora fuscous, tibiae

and posterior femora pale ferruginous, the dorsal surface of the posterior femora

somewhat infuscated, especially towards apex.

Head more than half as high again as long, occipital profile rather convex,

frontal profile almost straight, facial profile rather concave, with the vibrissal

angles somewhat produced and as much projecting as the frons, peristomal

profile strongly convex and strongly ascending, especially anteriorly, vibrissae

just above level of mouth-margin, slightly below level of lower eye-margins.

Eyes densely long-haired; frons more than a third head-width at vertex, rather

strongly dilated with rather straight sides to lunula, where it is more than

two-fifths head-width; frontal triangle reaching anterior third, interfrontalia

twice as wide at middle as a parafrontale; the latter with 4 strong inclinate

setae on anterior three-fifths and 2 reclinate setae, with rather numerous erect

black setulae outwards of the setae, these setulae rather strong, especially

anteriorly. Ocellars very long and strong, inner and outer verticals rather

strong. Face rather strongly dilated with largely straight sides, parafacialia

finely setulose on more than upper third, less wide than, jowls less than twice

as wide as, third antennal segment, strongly setulose below. The latter twice

as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by more than half its own width ;

arista plumose on basal half, the rays becoming quickly shorter from basal

third to middle and being much shorter in apical half than the basal diameter

of the arista, the longest rays of the basal half somewhat shorter than the width

of the third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acy in 8-1o irregular rows before and 10-12 behind suture,

one row mediad of the dark vittae consisting of slightly stronger and longer

hairs in front of suture, prsc hardly smaller than the anterior fost dc; 2-++-3 strong

dc; 2 very strong 7a, the anterior one somewhat behind level of first post dc;

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fic. 86.—Helina (Mydhelina) semiplumosa sp. n.,

Lateral view.

MUSCIDAE 643

the other dorsal setae developed normally. Propleural, prostigmatal and lower

stpl moderately strong, auxiliary (lower anterior) s¢f/ not very strong, anterior

stpl strong, posterior one very strong.

Abdomen somewhat short-ovate, somewhat flattened on dorsal surface; first

and second segments with 3-4 moderately strong lateral marginals, second also

with a few weak lateral discals, third with 2—3 strong lateral discals and a rather

strong marginal row, fourth with a row of strong discals and very weak marginals.

Wings subhyaline with a slight brownish tinge; 7-m with a large round

fuscous suffusion, m—m rather weakly suffused on its entire length. 7, not quite

reaching level of ym, the latter conspicuously oblique, at almost three-fifths

of discal cell; m markedly concave just in front of 7-m (much as in Glossina),

m—m strongly oblique and. sinuous, 7,;; and m slightly converging to apex,

74+; evenly and extremely slightly curved backwards and m distinctly bent up

at apical third of distal section, with an indication of a sinuosity. Calyptrae

yellowish grey, the lower one rather opaque, border and fringe pale yellow.

Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia with 2 p setae; mid-femur with a row of a setulae from

base to middle, only the distal 2-3 somewhat stronger, a row of longer av

setulae, which are erect on basal two-fifths, a pv row, which consists of 6-7

rather strong setae on basal half and half erect setulae on apical half, and 3 ~

to pd preapicals, mid-tibia with 3 p setae; hind femur with an ad row, a p and

pd preapical and an av row, which consists of half-erect setulae on basal half,

3 not very strong setae between middle and two-thirds and 3-4 strong setae

on apical third, hind tibia with 2-3 ad and basad of the last of these an av.

C. ABYSSINIA: Maraquo, vil.14 (O. Kovacs), 2 type.

‘

Mydaea R.-D.

1830, Myod. p. 479.

There can be no doubt that Myzospila is very closely related with Mydaea,

and species differing in a similar way have always been united in one genus in

the cases of Limnophora, Gymnodia, Lispe, etc. As the Muscinae are no longer

separated from the Phaoniinae by the upcurved m, there is no reason left for

separating Myiospila and Mydaea, and the former is therefore treated here as

a mere subgenus.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF MYDAEA

1 (6) m straight or almost straight at apex. Ethiopian species always with 4

post dc, seldom the anterior 1-2 of them indistinct, but in this case the

first strong post dc at least as near to the second as to suture. Apex of

the fourth tergite concolorous. Coloration of legs very variable. — (sbg.

Mydaea s. str.)

2 (3) Anterior 1-2 post de weak or indistinct. Arista long-plumose up to apex,

the free apical part not longer than the second or third ray from apex,

the longest rays almost thrice as long as diameter of third antennal joint.

644

2 (13)

1 3K(r2)

14 (9)

15 (16)

d ne holarctic and neotropical M. meditabunda F.

and 2

the scu

of the ]

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

yes virtually bare (the hairs dust-like and very sparse). s-#1 almost

straight, rather steep; wings unspotted. Anterior lower stpl absent or

weak, Notopleura bare except for the two setae. $: parafrontalia with a

proclinate hair at level of anterior ocellus, otherwise bare from vertex to

middle or almost middle; anterior post ta absent or small : [superba Stein]

All four post de strong. Arista short plumose, the apical fourth bare or only

with a few very short rays, and this part as long as the longest aristal

rays, the latter not quite twice as long as diameter of third antennal

joint. yes distinctly or conspicuously hairy. m-m at least slightly

sigmoid, more oblique. Anterior lower stpl well developed. Notopleura

with some (very few in versatilis) hairs in addition to the setae. g: para-

frontalia without a proclinate hair but with inclinate hairs (continuing

the row of inclinate setae) from middle or below middle to level of anterior

ocellus.

Wings unspotted ; i—m slightly sigmoid. Mesonotum pale-grey dusted with-

very narrow vittae, the exterior ones broadly interrupted at suture.

g: anterior post ia absent. 9: fore tibia with a p seta. [versatilis Curr.]

Wings with a conspicuous round fuscous spot on y-m and on anterior and

posterior extremities of m-—m, the latter vein strongly sigmoid. Mesonotum

darker, the exterior vittae being broad though not sharply defined, not

distinctly interrupted at suture. Anterior post ia present and p seta of

fore tibia absent in both sexes. . geniculata Stein

m strongly upcurved in apical part (Plate X, Fig. 12). Three or 4 strong

post dc, in the latter case the apex of the fourth tergite narrowly pale

orange (sbg. Myiospila)

Body densely cinereous-dusted, but thorax with a trace of a pair of vittae

which do not pass suture. Second and third tergites each with a pair of

dark brown spots. Legs wholly black. Wings without suffusions

* 2 quaterna Loew

If the body is densely cinereous-dusted, 4 vittae are usually distinct,

which pass the suture conspicuously, or the pattern is of an Anthomyia-

type. If the legs are wholly black, the wings at least with a dark suffusion

on 7-2, or the thorax with 4 large post spots. Eyes almost bare.! Only

I post ia.

Four post dc.

Prosternum setulose. Hind tibia without av setae. Body densely greyish-

white dusted with a black Anthomyia-pattern, which consists of a pair

of prst spots, a pair of incomplete fainter prst vittae, and 4 large

post spots arranged in a transverse band. Scutellum wholly dark in

ground-colour. | prosternalis

Prosternum bare. Hind tibia with 2 av setae. Body densely cinereous-

dusted, thorax with 4 dark vittae (Fig. 87). The apices of scutellum

and fourth tergite narrowly, and at least the apical part of the hind tibiae,

pale orange. Frons of male about twice as wide as third antennal joint.

Hind tibiae with one ad, all the tibiae pale. Body very densely cinereous-

sp. n.]

dusted with the thoracic vittae and abdominal spots not very conspicuous ~

or obsolete ‘ [maculiseta

Hind tibiae with three ad, front tibiae dark, the posterior ones dull orange

on more than apical half. Body (at least of male) less densely dusted in

dorsal view, but densely dusted in posterior view, with the thoracic vittae

and abdominal spots very conspicuous (Fig. 87). : [bicolovipes

Three post dc.

Wings hyaline or yellowish smoky, at most 7y—m with a distinct fuscous

suffusion. Parafacialia with silver-white reflections throughout. Apex of

scutellum and of fourth tergite narrowly yellow to brown. Body densely

cinereous-dusted, even in dorsal view. Fringe of the lower calyptra pale

Snyd.]

sp. n.]

yellow, at most in male brownish at apex. c : [cuthbertsoni Snyd.]

has the eyes conspicuously hairy

2 post ta. Like maculiseta and bicoloripes it has 4 post dc, but it is very distinct

from them by the much more ‘strongly upcurved m, wholly dark tibiae. and dark apex of

tellum and the fourth tergite. From maculiseta it differs in addition by the 2ad

iind tibiae and from bicoloripes by black (not brown) spots on the abdomen.

MUSCIDAE 645

16 (15) Wings brownish smoky () or strongly infuscate,in anterior basal part (3);

both v-m and m-m with strong fuscous suffusions (Plate X, Fig. 12).

Parafacialia with silver-white reflections, which are interrupted by a not

very striking shifting dark spot at the level of the apical half of the second

antennal joint. Apex of fourth tergite and usually of scutellum quite

black. Body thinly dusted, the pollinosity of the abdomen distinct only

in posterior view and unicolorous brown.

17 (18) Hind tibia without a pd seta. m-m bordered with fuscous, rather straight

and steep. Iringe and border of calyptrae wholly fuscous brown. ¢: frons

narrow, eyes separated at narrowest, point by about the width of the

ocellar tubercle, with very inconspicuous hair d : maculinervis Mall.

18 (17) Hind tibia with a strong pd seta at basal third. m-m with a roundish

suffusion on either extremity, more strongly sinuate (Plate X, Fig. 12).

Fringe and border of calyptrae pale yellow ($) or whitish (2). g: frons

moderately narrow, eyes separated at narrowest point by 1} times the

width of the ocellar tubercle, conspicuously haired, the hair at least as

long and dense as in meditabunda (Fig. 88) . 0 : 3 trinotata sp. n.

[Mydaea superba Stein]

1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 61.

Typical locality: CAMEROON: Mt. Buea. In B.M. from: GoLp Coast: Obuasi,

Ashanti, 27.vi, 16-18.vii.o7 (W. M. Graham), 4 3; near Accra, 1919 (Mrs. W.

Smith), 1 9. ? NYASALAND: Mlanje, 10.11.14 (S.A. Neave), 1 3.

The Nyasaland specimen has no head and is otherwise in very poor condition.

Its legs are entirely pale except for the infuscate posterior tarsi, whilst the

West African specimens have the femora fuscous or strongly infuscate except for

the region of the knee. The female has not been described before. The head

has the normal female characters with the anterior reclinate seta smaller than

the posterior one. The fore tibiae have no submedian seta. The anterior fost ia

is present, but the post za differ somewhat on the two sides and may be rather

unstable in this species. The abdomen is not pale translucent at base but

fuscous in ground-colour everywhere.

[Mydaea versatilis Curr. ]

Helina versatilis Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 11, 15.

Typical locality: S. Ruopes1A: Salisbury. In B.M. from: typical locality

(paratype) and: NyASALAND: Namwera, 14 and 17.11.32, cattle dung (W. A.

Lamborn), i 3,2. Seen from: Kenya: Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner), 1 9.

Dr. C. H. Curran has kindly presented to the B.M. a paratype, and has also

lent me the type. They confirm my presumption that this species with 4 fosé

de is not a Helina. It has in fact setulae at the base both of the upper and

lower surface of 74,,. Curran described only the male, from which the female

differs by the usual characters of the head and abdomen (the anterior reclinate

seta of the parafrontalia is smaller than the posterior one) and by the presence

of the anterior post 1a and a submedian # seta on the fore tibia. From Helina

quadriseta and contformis Stein, to which the species might be traced in Curran’s

II, 6 (x)

646 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

key, it differs (in addition to the generic characters) by the absence of a p seta

from the hind tibiae, the distinctly haired eyes, different plumosity of the arista,

etc. Lamborn’s three specimens were apparently reared from the same batch

of dung, as all three are marked with the number 1,280 in his own writing.

Mydaea geniculata Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 487.

u. syn. Afromydaea punctatipennis Malloch 1930, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 5: 471. _

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 1 9.

Typical locality: TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro; of punctatipennis: 5. RHODESIA:

Umtali. In B.M. from: S. RuopEsia: Umtali (type and 2 9); Vumba Mts.,

iv.z29 (A. Cuthbertson),.1 2; Chirinda Forest, 3800 'ft., Io.xii.1o (C. F. M.

Swynnerton), I 9. BELGIAN ConGo: Tshibinda, 21-27.viil.31 (Miss A. Mackie),

19. TANGANYIKA: W. Kilimanjaro, Ngare-Nairobi, 4500 ft., iv-v.37 (B. Cooper),

1 2 (without legs). AByssin1A. Seen from: SUDAN: Nagichot, 31.11.46 (D. /.

Lewis). Kenya (J. I. Roberts), 1 2 (without legs); Kijabi, 1.vi (van Someren),

I Q; Teita Hills, viu.47 (van Someren), 3. S. RHODESIA: Vumba Mts., 28.1x.35

(Drysdale), 1 3.

Stein’s Mydaea geniculata was described from two females, and Malloch does

not mention Stein’s species in describing his punctatipennis. The coloration of

the legs is rather variable, the femora being wholly black and the tibiae only

somewhat brown-translucent in the Tshibinda specimen, whilst in the Rhodesian

and Abyssinian females the femora and tibiae are wholly pale with only the

apices of the femora more or less distinctly brownish at tip and the tibiae

somewhat brownish at base. The two Kenya females with legs have the apex

and base of the posterior femora narrowly fuscous and only the hind tibiae

paler. The latter form is apparently the typical genzculata, but this form is

not clearly defined in the female sex from the typical punctatipennis, and males

from Kenya and Tanganyika are not known. Although the coloration of the

legs may indicate several races, the evidence is far from conclusive, and it seems

best therefore to treat the material at hand as.a single form with variable

coloration of the legs.

Sbg. Myiospila Kond.

1856, Dipt. ital. Prodr. 1: 91.

“Hylemyia”’ quaterna Loew, which is said to be closely related to “ Hylemyia”’

|Helina| quadrum ¥., has according to the description the fourth vein distinctly

upcurved (though in the Latin diagnosis the “‘third”’ vein is said to be the up-

curved one) and may therefore belong to the present group. The species is

certainly not among the Ethiopian Myzospila at hand, and apparently not

among the other Phaoniinae worked out for the present series of papers. Snyder

MUSCIDAE 047

(1940, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1087) revised the group and mentioned maculiventris

Mall., cuthbertsont Snyd., maculiseta Snyd. and meditabunda F. from Africa.

However, I know of no records or specimens of meditabunda from the Ethiopian

region, and Snyder lists no African localities of this species, so that ‘‘ Africa’”’

in his key must refer to the Palaearctic part of Africa.

[Mydaea (Myiospila) prosternalis 3 9]

Length, 6:5~-8-8 mm.; of wings, 6-4-8-0 mm.

Fuscous black with dense whitish-grey dust and a black, thinly brown-

dusted pattern. Interfrontalia dull black, but white dusted behind, lunula

densely silver-white dusted, parafacialia with a large spot of fuscous reflections

at level of second antennal segment and arista, occiput largely blackish.

Mesonotum with a pair of paramedian vittae which taper posteriorly and do

not reach suture, a subtrapezoidal spot on either side from neck or p/h to prst, the

border then running towards median line and slightly backwards, and the inner

margin running forwards parallel with the dc line, so that the dc he on a

moderately narrow pale-dusted vitta; the post part with a broad transverse

band, which consists of 4 large spots; these are separated by a median pale-

dusted vitta and a sometimes obsolescent sublateral vitta in line with the za,

the paramedian dark spots somewhat rhomboid, the front margin receding

outwards, the hind margin running through the pore of the third post dc;

scutellum almost wholly occupied by a large black triangle, side margins pale

dusted; pleurae somewhat less densely pale dusted with dark reflections.

Abdomen pale testaceous translucent, first segment with a small median and

paired lateral spot, second in male with a paired paramedian brownish shadow,

in female infuscate at sides with a broad pale hind margin; third segment in

male with a pair of smallish fuscous paramedian spots, in female fuscous with

a moderately narrow median vitta and hind margin, but everywhere densely

brownish or yellowish grey dusted; fourth in male with a pair of large square

fuscous spots, in female more or less extensively infuscate on either side of base.

Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the tibiae and in female the greater basal

part of at least the posterior femora testaceous, base and apex of tibiae somewhat

infuscate in male.

Head of male three- or four-fifths, of female almost or fully one-half, higher

than long, occipital profile almost straight except below, or slightly convex,

frontal profile rather convex in upper, and almost straight in lower, half, in

male strongly sloping, facial profile moderately concave, vibrissal angles less

prominent than frons, peristomal profile straight or slightly convex in posterior

two-thirds, moderately ascending in anterior third, vibrissae at mouth-margin,

somewhat below level of lower eye-margins. Frons of male one-seventh to one-

eighth head-width at middle, very slightly widened to vertex, but considerably

648 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

widened to lunula, where it is almost one-fifth to more than one-fourth head-

width, parafrontalia at least as wide as interfrontalia behind middle, but the

interfrontalia considerably wider at lunula, parafrontalia with a small proclinate

seta just in front of the anterior ocellus and with 5-7 inclinate setae on anterior

half; of female about a third head-width at vertex, moderately dilated with

slightly convex sides to lunula, where it is almost to fully two-fifths head-width,

frontal triangle exceeding middle slightly or considerably, parafrontalia one-

third to one-fourth the width of the interfrontalia at middle, with 4-5 inclinate

and 2 reclinate setae, the anterior reclinate one distinctly the weaker. Ocellars

strong, inner verticals fine but distinct ($) or inner and outer verticals strong

but only moderately long (2). Face in male strongly, in female moderately,

dilated with almost straight sides, parafacialia two-thirds, jowls twice (in type

even more than twice) the width of the third antennal segment. The latter

more than thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by half its

own width or less; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest rays near middle of

dorsal surface more than half as long again as width of third antennal segment.

Thorax with the acr in 6-8 irregular rows before and 8-10 behind suture,

prsc rather strong; 2+4 strong dc; only the posterior post 1a present, rather

strong; pra rather short but conspicuous; scutellum with a moderately strong

basal and subapical marginal in addition to the normal two pairs. Propleural,

prostigmatal and anterior s¢pl rather strong, auxiliary (uppermost) prostigmatal

and lower stf// moderately strong, auxiliary (anterior lower) stfl somewhat

weaker, posterior stp very strong.

Abdomen short-ovate, in female with pointed apex, hypopygium of male not

prominent, fourth ventrite of male with a deep elongate-triangular excision,

the resulting lobes moderately narrow with broadly rounded apex; first and

second segments with a few not very strong lateral marginals, third with 1-2

weak lateral discals and a row of rather strong marginals, fourth with a row of

not very strong discals and moderately strong marginals.

Wings rather hyaline, the veins light brown with creamy base, the extreme

base somewhat orange. 7, somewhat exceeding level of y—-m, the latter beyond

middle of discal cell, 7,;; and m conspicuously converging at apex, 74;; rather

strongly sinuous, m strongly upcurved at apical third of its last section and

slightly sinuous from there to apex. Calyptrae greyish white subopaque with

white border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with a few small a setae towards

middle, the last or last but one of them somewhat stronger, I-2 small a and

3-4 p to d preapicals, and in male about 6, in female 3-4, erect pv setae on less

than basal half, mid-tibia with 2(—3) # setae; hind femur with an ad row, an

av row of 5-6 setae on apical half, 2-3 of them near apex strong, and a p, pa

and d preapical, hind tibia with a strong ad seta at middle and a d and ad

preapical.

MUSCIDAE 649

ERITREA: Asmara, 2350 m., 28.vi.47 (G. dé Lotto), 3 type; 1 3 paratype,

2 2 paratypes; 4.vi.48, in stems of Euphorbia abyssinica (G. de Lotto) 6 teneral

3g, 4 teneral 2 paratypes (several paratypes to be returned to Dr. de Lotto).

[Mydaea (Myiospila) maculiseta Snyd.]

Mytospila maculiseta Snyder 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1087: 2, 0.

Typical locality: S. Ruoprsta: Salisbury. In B.M.: paratype. YEMEN.

Seen from: Kenya: Ngong, ix.35 (V. G. L. van Someren). BELGIAN CONGO:

Bambesa, 16.v.38 (P. Henrard), 6.vi.37 (J. Vrydagh).

[Mydaea (Myiospila) bicoloripes sp. n. 3]

Length, 7-3 mm.; of wings, c. 6-5 mm.

- Fuscous black with thin grey pollinosity, which becomes whitish on anterior

declivity of thorax and silver white on parafacialia and anterior part of para-

frontalia; in posterior view the dorsal surface appears thickly and somewhat

cinereous dusted. Interfrontalia dull black. Thorax (Fig. 87) rather shining,

with 4 less dusted black vittae, the inner ones almost reaching level of third

post dc, the outer ones broad in front of, and interrupted at, suture, behind

suture clearly defined only between the dc and ia, where they almost reach

level of last dc; the post part in addition with a not very conspicuous brown-

dusted median vitta, which reaches scutellum and is considerably broadened

on it without reaching its apex (in posterior view very broad, fuscous, and

broadly reaching apex). The latter somewhat testaceous translucent like the

narrow apical margin of the fourth abdominal segment. Second and third

abdominal segments each with a pair of rather large, roundish, somewhat

oblong, brown spots. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous, the fore tibiae somewhat

brownish translucent, the posterior tibiae pale ferruginous with the basal

two-fifths infuscate.

Head half as high again as long, occipital profile somewhat convex below,

almost straight in upper two-fifths, frontal profile moderately convex, strongly

sloping, antennae inserted at middle of eyes, facial profile almost straight (very

slightly convex), somewhat receding, the vibrissal angles hardly projecting;

peristomal profile strongly convex, strongly ascending, especially anteriorly,

vibrissae at mouth-margin, slightly above level of lower eye-margins. Frons

(Fig. 87) one-sixth head-width at vertex, almost one-seventh above middle,

and almost three-tenths at lunula; interfrontalia 3—4 times as wide at middle

as a parafrontale, the latter with 7—8 strong inclinate and 2 reclinate setae,

which form a continuous row to level of anterior ocellus, the anterior reclinate

seta being much the smaller, and a few small setae being interspersed with

the inclinate ones. Ocellars not very strong, inner and outer verticals rather

650 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

As aN :

A fi AS

I'ic. 87.—Mydaea (Mvyiospila) bicolovipes sp. n., 3. Dorsal view.

MUSCIDAE 651

indistinct. Face rather strongly dilated with virtually straight sides, parafacialia

not as wide, jowls not quite twice as wide, as third antennal segment. The

latter almost thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by almost

its own width; arista long-plumose on basal two-thirds, almost bare on

apical third, the longest rays almost twice as long as width of third antennal

segment.

Thorax (Fig. 87) with the acy in about 10-12 irregular rows even on posterior

half of prst part, prsc moderately strong; 24-4 strong dc; only the posterior

post 1a present, rather strong, pra small, almost indistinct, the other dorsal

setae developed normally. Propleural, the upper 2 prostigmatals and the lower

stpl rather strong, anterior stfl strong, posterior one very strong, and auxiliary

(anterior lower) s¢// moderately strong.

Abdomen ovate-subconical, rather flattened, hypopygium not prominent

(first genital segment fuscous-brown, second pale ferruginous), fourth ventrite

somewhat raised with a broad semicircular excision, the lobes short and

moderately broad, rather evenly rounded. First and second segments each with

3-4 moderately strong lateral marginals, second in addition with some irregular,

weak lateral discals, third with a rather weak discal row and a moderately

strong marginal row, fourth with a strong discal row and a rather strong

marginal row, the former irregularly double towards sides.

Wings (Fig. 87) subhyaline with a brownish tinge, ym with a slight smoky

suffusion. 7, almost reaching level of 7m, the latter at three-fifths of discal

cell, which is rather short and forms an obtuse angle at ym. (Apex of wing

missing in type, but the bend of m just visible.) Calyptrae smoky brown with

pale-brown border and fringe. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

Legs: fore tibia without a # seta; mid-femur with a row of small a setae

from base to middle, a p, Pd and a small a preapical, 4-5 erect, stiff stout av

setulae on basal third, and 4-5 strong pv setae in basal half, mid-tibia with a

p seta almost at middle; hind femur with an ad and av row, the last seta but

one in the av row being a strong preapical, and with a p and fd preapical,

hind tibia with 3 ad, the proximal one at basal third, the other two somewhat

beyond middle and each level with one of the 2 av setae, in addition with a

strong d and ad preapical.

CAPE PROVINCE: Lady Grey, 18.xii.24 (Rk. I. Nel) 3 type.

[Mydaea (Myiospila) cuthbertsoni Snyd.}

Mytospila cuthbertsont Snyder 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit. 1087: 2, 8.

Typical locality: S. RHopeEsi1A: Salisbury. In B.M. 2 paratypes and 6 other

specimens from Salisbury. Seen from: KrNya: Naivasha, ix.39 (H. J. A.

Turner) ; Ngong, ix.35 (V. G. L. van Someren) ; Nairobi, xii.28 (K.M.D.; C. B.

Symes and G. H. E. Hopkins). UGANDA: Kampala, 4.v.32 (G. L. R. Hancock).

652 RUWENZORi EXPEDITION

Mydaea (Myiospila) maculinervis Mall.

1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 7: 162 (maculiventris err. typogr.).

Kenya: Aberdares, Katamayo, 8000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 9.

Typical locality: KENyA: 5-7 miles into Kenya Forest, near Luchi River.

Recorded from: S. RHopEsIA: Vumba (by Snyder). In B.M.: type and: S.

RuopesiA: Vumba Mts., 13.11.35 (Drysdale). Seen from the latter locality and:

Kenya: Ngong, 1x.35 (V. G. L. van Someren) ; Teita Hills, viii.47 (van Someren).

Though Malloch’s description is actually headed Mytospila maculiventris

sp. n., the type in the British Museum is labelled Myiospila maculinervis, the

former version being obviously due to a misprint, as the abdomen is expressly

mentioned as being unicolorous. The name maculiventris is therefore herewith

altered to maculinervis.

Mydaea (Myiospila) trinotata sp. n. ¢°

Length, 5:6-6-7 mm.; of wings, 5°5-6-3 mm.

Fuscous black with thin brown dust, which on the mesonotum appears grey

or whitish in certain directions when 4 black vittae become visible. In a

perfectly dorsal view of the fly the lunula and the parafacialia below the usual

fuscous spot appear silver white, interfrontalia dull black with some brown

dust. Pattern of mesonotum (Fig. 88) very inconspicuous, except at neck, the

two pairs of vittae moderately narrow, parallel and almost reaching level of

second post dc; in female the apex of the scutellum narrowly ferruginous.

Abdomen in type, if viewed from behind, with a broad dark median vitta on

the second segment, which vitta is, however, presumably due to loss of pruino-

siyt. Antennae, palpi and legs fuscous.

Head one-half longer than high (male, in female paratype somewhat shrunken),

occipital profile somewhat convex, frontal profile straight, except at upper end,

rather sloping, facial profile moderately concave below, somewhat receding, the

vibrissal angles somewhat produced but less prominent than frons, peristomal

profile rather strongly convex and upcurved, especially anteriorly, vibrissae at

mouth-margin, slightly below level of lower eye-margins. Eyes rather con-

spicuously though only moderately densely haired (Fig. 88), the hairs longer

than the greater diameter of the ocelli; frons of male one-sixth head-width at

vertex, one-seventh well above middle, and almost one-third at lunula, para-

frontalia with 7 strong inclinate setae from lunula to anterior ocellus and in

several places a small one between two of the strong ones; frons of female more

than a third head-width at vertex, somewhat dilated to lunula with straight

sides, frontal triangle apparently reaching lunula, interfrontalia 5 times as wide

at middle as a parafrontale, the latter with 4—5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae,

the anterior reclinate being somewhat the smaller, in addition with 2-3 irregular

653

MUSCIDAE

pila) lrinotata sp. n.,

A Tyios

daea (

SS.

Fic.

654 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

rows of proclinate black setulae, especially on anterior half. Ocellars and inner

and outer verticals of male fine but rather long and distinct, of female strong

and long, especially the ocellars. Face rather strongly dilated (3) or moderately

dilated () with the sides virtually straight (in male with a very slight convexity

above) ; parafacialia more than half as wide, jowls more than half as wide again,

as third antennal segment. The latter 24 times as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin by almost its own width; arista long-plumose to tip, the longest

rays almost twice as long as the width of the third antennal segment.

Thorax (Fig. 88) with the acy in about 8—ro irregular rows before and 10-12

behind suture, prsc absent; 24-3 very strong dc, only the posterior post ia

present, moderately strong; pra small, almost indistinct, the other dorsal setae

developed normally. Propleural rather weak, prostigmatal, lower and auxiliary

(anterior lower) stfl moderately strong, anterior s¢p/ strong, posterior one very

strong.

Abdomen (Fig. 88) oblong-ovate in male, ovate in female; hypopygium of

male not prominent, fourth ventrite with a large semicircular excision, the lobes

rather short, not very broad, with rounded apex. First and second segments

each with 3-4 moderately strong lateral marginals, second also with 1-2 rather

weak lateral discals, third segment with a moderately strong ($) or indistinct (9)

discal and a strong marginal row, fourth with a strong discal and a moderately

strong marginal row, in male in addition with a much less strong row between

the discal row and the base.

Wings (Fig. 88; Pl. X, Fig. 12) not very hyaline, strongly infuscate near

base and along front margin (at least in male, female paratype somewhat teneral),

with a large somewhat kidney-shaped fuscous suffusion on 7-m and a somewhat

smaller roundish spot at either end of m—m. 7, slightly exceeding level of ym,

the latter beyond middle of discal cell, m somewhat concave basad of its base

and with a very short vestige of an appendage (present in all 4 wings of the

two specimens) ; #7—-m somewhat sinuous ;74;, and m strongly converging at apex,

741+, evenly and moderately curved backwards with the indication of a shallow

sinuosity towards apex, m strongly upcurved beyond middle of last section

and slightly sinuous.

Legs: fore tibia without a p seta; mid-femur with a few short half-erect

setae towards middle, 5 small erect av setae on basal third or two-fifths, in

male about 7, in female 4-5, long erect pu setae on more than basal half and

a fringe of longer pu setulae from these to apex, an a and 3 p and fd preapicals,

mid-tibia with 2 p setae; hind femur with an ad and av row, the latter consisting

of 7 or 6 setae, a very small and fine pu seta at base, and a p# and pd preapical,

hind tibia with a rather strong pd at basal third, an ad level with it, another

beyond middle, 1-2 av beyond middle, and a strong d and ad preapical.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 3 type;

gooo ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 2 paratype.

MUSCIDAE 655

Dimorphia Mall. _

1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 9: 273.

n. syn. Didievrimyia Séguy 1937, Gen. Ins. 205, Muscidae: 280.

Very few structural characters have been found for characterising the

species of this genus, The coloration of the thorax and abdomen is apparently

rather variable in the female, and I am not able to distinguish more than

5 species, to which 19 names have been given by various authors. On coloration,

however, Curran (1937, Amer. Mus. Novit. 981: 9) was able to key out 9 forms,

whilst Malloch (1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 105) distinguished 6.

1 (2) Antennae fuscous, at least the third segment largely so. Palpi usually

fuscous, seldom paler (brownish grey), never bright yellow or yellowish

orange. Fk; moderately narrowed to apex where it is distinctly though

not consider ably narrower than at level of m—m. 3: frons with only small

hairlike, more or less proclinate bristles on upper part near ocelli, these

bristles very much shorter than the ocellars ; ‘ : tristis Wied.

2 (41) Antennae and palpi wholly bright yellow to orange.

3 (4) #, fully as wide at apex as at level of m—m, m not appreciably sigmoid at

apex. Thorax wholly ferruginous. g: the two uppermost frontal setae

stronger than the ocellars and reclinate; frons about twice as wide as

third antennal joint . . {latifrons Mall.}

4 (3) 2, conspicuously or slightly narrower at apex than at ‘lev el of m—m, m

“distinctly though slightly sigmoid at apex. ¢g: the uppermost frontal <

setae very much smaller than the ocellars, hairlike, usually proclinate.

5 (6) &, slightly narrower at apex than at level of m-—m, the latter steep and only

*slightly sinuate. Mesonotum ferruginous with 1 or 3 fuscous dorsal

vittae in male, usually ferruginous in female. g: frons pendly wider than

the third antennal joint. 3 [setulosa Stein

6 (5) J; conspicuously narrower at apex than at level of m—m, "the latter rather

“oblique, somewhat sigmoid. Metanotum largely fuscous.

7 (8) Posterior apical margin of the hind coxae setulose. pra absent. Lower stpl

weak. The grey median vitta of the mesonotum margined with black

at sides. Prosternum setulose : [*auveonigra Ség.]

8 (7) Posterior apical margin of the hind coxae bare. ‘pra present. Lower stpl as

strong as the anterior one. The fuscous median vitta of the mesonotum

rather narrow, slightly passing suture posteriorly and wholly overlaid

with pale yellow dust, therefore appearing wholly grey and not margined

with black at sides but adjoining on either side the usual less dusted and

therefore brown stripe. Prosternum usually bare. 3g: frons about twice

as wide as third antennal joint . . ; 6 . [ flavicornis Macq. |

Dimorphia tristis Wied.

1830, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins. 2: 423.

Anthomyia subpunctata Walk. 1852, Dipt. Saund.: 353.

Cyrtoneura capensis Rond., 1863, Dipt. exot.: 31.

Spfilogastey latevittata Big., 1884, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6) 5: 2860; Stein, 1906, Berl. ent.

Zeits. 51: 46; 1913, Ann. Mus, nat. Hung. 11: 500; 1918, I.c. 16: 193.

Spilogastey widevi Jaen., 1886, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 6: 368.

n. syn. Spilogastey fulgens Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 43 d: 1913, Ann. Mus. nat.

Hung. 11: 502 ¢ Q:

n. syn. Spilogastey pectoralis Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 44 9; 1913, Ann. Mus. nat.

Hung. 11: 501 9.

n. syn. Dimorphia fusciventyis Mall. 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 109 (2, ex typo

in B.M.); Curran 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit. 931: 10.

Dimorphia nigricornis Mall., 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 108 3 ~; Curran 1937,

Amer. Mus. Novit. 931: 1o.

n. syn. Dimorphia humeralis, D. obscura, D. thorvacica Curran 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit.

931: 9, 11-12.

656 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (P.W.E.), 2 9 (£. pectoralis); KENYA:

Aberdares, Katamayo, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 @ (£. fulgens)—Typical localities

of éristis, capensis, subpunctata: CAPE; of latevittata: NATAL: Port Natal; of

widert: ABYSSINIA; of fulgens: CAMEROON: Bueaberg; of pectoralis: TANGAN-

yIKA: Langenberg (L. Nyasa); of fusciventris: KENYA: Nairobi; of nigricornis:

Kenya: Nairobi; NATAL: Durban; PORTUGUESE E. Arrica: Lorencgo Marques;

of hameralis; CAMEROON: Tiko, Mt. Cameroon; of obscura: Mannsquelle, Mt.

Cameroon; of thoracica: Misellele, Ekona and Tiko (all on Mt. Cameroon).—

Recorded from: CAFFRARIA (latevittata by Stein). ApyssinrA: Diredawa.

Brazi (22, v. E.) (subpunctata by Stein). TANGANYIKA: Moshi (pectoralis by

Fic. 89.—Dimorphia tristis Wied., forma tristis from Naivasha. Male genitalia.

(a) superior forceps; (b) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) anterior paramere, all Leitz

eyepiece 4, objective 3; (e) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales 0-1 mm.

Stein); Kilimanjaro (fulgens ? by Stem). Natrar: New Hanover (tristis by

Stein). Kenya. Nata: Durban (évistis by Malloch); Port Shepstone. CAPE

PRovINcCE: East London (subpunctata by Curran). NataLt: New Hanover

(tvistis by Curran).—In B.M. from: AByssin1A. KENYA (J. I. Roberts) ; Nairobi,

Vi.28, vii.30 (van Someren) (types of nigrocornis and fusciventris, ordinary

specimens of fulgens and thoracica), 1933 (C. B. Symes) (nigricornis and sub-

punctata) ; Kabete, 28.viil.14, on window (T. J. Anderson), 18-24.xi.25, in house

(G. B. Purvis); E. Trans Nloia, 40 miles east of Mt. Elgon, 6200 ft., ix-x.24

(C. R. S. Pitman); Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner) (thoracica, tristis, nigri-

cornis); Subukia Valley, 14.1.34, warthog burrow (E. A. Lewis) (nigricornts) ;

Ngong, 14.v.32, in house (EL. A. Lewts) (pectoralis), ix.40 (V. G. L. van Someren)

(thoracica). ANGOLA: Benguella (F. C. Wellman) (fulgens).- BELGIAN CONGO:

Tshibinda, 21-27.viii.31 (Miss A. Mackie) (pectoralis). NyASALAND: Zomba

(H. S. Stannus) (tristis). S. RHobEsSIA: Chirinda Forest, 3800 ft., 10.xii.10

(C. F. M. Swynnerton) (tristis) ; Vaumba, Umtali, v.32 (Miss A. Mackie) (tristis).

MUSCIDAE 657

PortTuGUESE E. Arrica: Lorenco Marques, 1909 (O. S. de Azevedo) (nigricornis).

NATAL: Willow Grange, Mooi River, 22.iv.13 (R. C. Wroughton) (nigricornis) ;

Estcourt, 13.11.13 (It. C. Wroughton) (tristis). CAPE PROVINCE: Mossel Bay,

I-14.x1.21 (R. E. Turner) (nigricornis)—Seen from: KENYA: Ngong, ix.35 (vai

Someren) (nigricornis); Kijabi, vi (van Someren) (nigricornis, thoracica); Teita

Hills, viii.47 (van Someren) (thoracica). UGANDA: Nyakasura, 26.ix.34 (J. F.

Shillito) (pectoralis), W. UGANDA: Bwamba country, 1938 (j/. O. Harper)

(tvistts). S. RuHopEsIA: Inyanga, 30.1.39 (A. Cuthbertson) (nigricornis, subpunc-

tata); Vumba Mts., iti.35 (Drysdale) (pectoralis), 29.1.39 (A. Cuthbertson) (tristis).

NaTAL: Kloof (J. Haygarth) (subpunctata).

The synonymy of the first four names has been established by Stein. The

type of subpunctata is in the B.M. and is very well preserved; it has the palpi

dark brownish grey, the pleurae are largely piceous. Its characters are other-

wise entirely identical with those of the male type of mzgricornis Mall., to which

females belong with the mesonotum pale but for a broad median vitta (named

f. nigricornis in the above list of localities). Curran named a form with reddish

palpi subpunctata Walk., and Malloch had distinguished this form with “‘rufous-

yellow”’ palpi and rufous-yellow basal antennal joints, which he identified as

tristis, from the common form, described by him as mgricornis. Curran

referred the latter to tvistis, having studied the type of the latter, and the

former to subpunctata. The Durban specimens mentioned by Malloch are not

in the B.M., but females from Willow Grange and Kabete, identified by Malloch

as tristis, do not differ at all from the female paratype (Lorengo Marques) of

nigricornis in the B.M. Males (including the type of mzgricornis) found together

with the female forms nigricornis (with pale pleurae), pectoralis=fusciventris

(with pale pleurae and largely fuscous abdomen), tvistis = humeralis (with dark

pleurae but reddish shoulder), fulgens = obscura (with dark pleurae and shoul-

ders and strongly dusted mesonotum) and ¢horacica (similar with thinly dusted

mesonotum) are all extremely similar, only the last three forms being more or

less distinguishable among them. It can therefore not be doubtful that all

these names refer to one species, which is very variable in the female sex whilst

the males have the pleurae always largely or wholly dark.

[Dimorphia latifrons Mall.]

1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 106.

Curran 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit. 931: 9.

Typical locality: NyASALAND: Mt. Mlanje (in B.M.). In B.M. from: Kenya:

Masai Reserve, 13.v.13 (I. J. Anderson), x 9.

The female is Malloch’s paratype of flavithorax, but it is quite plainly the

female of Jatifrons, which species was described by Malloch seven years later

when this specimen was no longer in his hands. But for the wider frons (almost

658 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

one-third the width of the head) and the shorter, stronger and more appressed

hair its characters are identical with those of the male, especially the wider

apex of R;.

[Dimorphia setulosa Stein]

Mydaea setulosa Stein 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 192.

Dimorphia setulosa Stein, Curran 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit. 931: 9.

syn. Dimorphia flavithovax, Malloch 1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 9: 274; 1929, l.c.

(1c) 4: 108.

Typical locality: NATAL: Sarnia (type seen) ; of favithorax: NATAL: Malvern

(2 type in B.M.). Recorded from: KENyA: Kyambu (by Malloch). Cape PRo-

VINCE: East London; Port Alfred. TRANSVAAL: Barberton. S. RHODESIA:

Vumba (all by Curran).—In B.M. from: Natav: Tongaat, 08-09 (H.C. Burnup),

I g; Durban, 22.vi.08 (G. F. Leigh) 1 g; viu.03 (G. Bunn) 1 9. CAPE PROVINCE:

Cape Town to Cape Point, 6-13.xi.30 (H. W. Simmonds), 1 3. Seen from:

KENyA: Rabai, vii.37 (van Someren).

Malloch’s paratype has proved to belong to datifrons.

[Dimorphia aureonigra Ség.}

Didierimyia aureonigrva Séguy, 1937, Gen. Ins. 205 Muscidae: 280.

Typical locality: BeELG1An Conco: Kadjudju, Lake Kivu area.

[Dimorphia flavicornis Macq. (Figs. 90, 91)]

Crytoneura flavicornis Macquart, 1843, Dipt. exot. II, 3: 156.

Dimorphia flavicornis Macq. Curran, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit. 931: 9 (synonymy listed).

n. syn. Mydaea pallidicornis Stein 1910, Denkschr. math. nat. Kl. k. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, 71: 149.

Fic. 90.—Dimorphia flavicovnis Macq. Male genitalia. (a) superior forceps;

(b) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere; (e) anterior paramere, Leitz

eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz 2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

MUSCIDAE 659

Typical locality: Mauritius; of translucens: MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo;

of pallidicornis: SocorRa. Recorded from: AByssrn1A: Djerrer Valley. Tan-

GANYIKA: Moshi (Stein). NataL. Kenya: north of Mt. Kenya; Embu; Nairobi

(all Malloch). TRANSVAAL: Barberton. NataL: New Hanover. S. RHODESIA:

Victoria Falls; Bindura; Salisbury; Balla Balla; Lomagundi; Chirinda Forest

(all Curran).—In B.M. from: Mauritius (g cotype); Réduit, iii.37, larva ex

IG. 91.—Dimorphia flavicovnis Macq., &. Dorsal view of thorax.

cow-dung (A. Moutia), 2 §. TRANSVAAL: Louis Trichardt, iv.32 (Miss A.

Mackie), 1 9. NYASALAND, 14.ii.32, ex pupa under cow-dung (W. A. Lamborn),

1 g; Zomba, iv.ro, in house (H. S. Stannus), 1 9, 3000 ft., I.xii.rr (R. Drum-

mond), i 3. KENnyA (J. I. Roberts); Kilolo River, north of Mt. Kenya, 7700 ft.,

16.11.11 (1. J. Anderson); Kabete, 28.viii.14, on window (T. J. Anderson), 1 9;

Nairobi, 1933 (C. B. Symes), 1 3, 1 9; Pemba Island, 1929 (D. D. McCarthy),

I 2; Ngong, v.36 (Miss M. Steele); 1 9. NataL: Umbilo, Durban, ix.o6 (G. F.

Leigh), i 3, 12. Seen from KENYA: Naivasha, vii.37 (H. J. A. Turner); Nairobi,

vil.30 (van Someren).

The name ochrocera Loew, mentioned by Stein, and “‘Mydaea ochrocera

Stein’, cited by Curran, are in litteris names and nomina nuda and have no

nomenclatorial standing. The Ngong specimen and a male and female from

Umbilo have the prosternum setulose but do not otherwise differ from normal

660 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

specimens. This seems to show that the setulose prosternum is not an im-

portant character in this genus (as also in Mydaea sbg. Myiospila and Morellia).

Didierimyia Séguy may then be considered as part of the present genus.

PHAONIINI

A key to the Ethiopian genera and species, containing preliminary descrip-

tions of the species which are being fully characterised on the following pages

was published in 1943 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 73-101). Graueria is now

being placed in this tribe instead of Dichaetomyiini, and the alterations

mentioned on p. 377 of the present paper will be necessary in order to include

this genus in the key.

Hydrotaea

Apart from the characters present on the fore femora of the male, it is not

possible so far to distinguish this genus in a satisfactory way from Ophyra,

which was not found by the Expedition.

Hydrotaea edwardsiana Emd. ¢

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 79.

Length, 4-7 mm.; of wings, 5:2 mm.

Head black, brownish-grey dusted, lunula whitish dusted. Eyes bare and

virtually contiguous. Frons as wide at vertex as ocellar tubercle and one-fifth

head-width at lunula; sides of face distinctly convex above vibrissae, much

less diverging from there to lower eye-margins, which are separated by one-half

head-width; interfrontalia rather narrow in front with 5-6 rather closely placed

and moderately long setulose hairs. Verticals not differentiated from the

neighbouring 1-2 longer occipital setulae, ocellars moderately strong. Antennae

fuscous-black, third joint twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin

by its width and of level of lower eye-margins by 14 times its width; arista

short-haired, most of the hairs in basal half about as long as its basal diameter.

Parafacialia obsolescent, but inner eye-margin separated from the ptilinal

suture (at middle of each arm of the latter) by half the width of the third

antennal joint; jowls almost as wide as the third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax black, rather glossy, with inconspicuous brown dust. acr setae

conspicuous, moderately long, in 2 complete rows; 2-+4 dc, only the last 2

rather strong, 0-+2 2a; ph, 2 humerals, 2 npl and anterior postalar rather

strong, prst, sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars strong, mesonotum

with some hairs, scutellum sparsely setulose on dorsal surface, the preapical

discals rather conspicuous. Anterior propleural and upper prostigmatal

moderately strong, with rather numerous erect setulose hairs adjacent ; anterior

MUSCIDAE 661

mesopleural fine, 2-++3 strong and some finer setae and setulose hairs along hind

margin of mesopleura; 1-+1 stfl, the posterior one much stronger and longer.

Abdomen fuscous, the basal half of the second and parts of the first segment

somewhat brownish translucent (not quite mature ?), brownish-grey dusted

with a narrow black median vitta, which is narrowly interrupted on the hind

margin of each segment; ovate, moderately truncate at apex. Hair not very

dense, long and erect, except near the median vitta on the second to fourth

segments, where it is rather short and appressed, the second to fourth segments

each with about 3 rather strong marginals on either side.

Legs piceous-black, the pulvilli whitish brown. Fore femora before apex of

ventral surface with a slight obtuse dilation, that bears 2 curved spines, the

distal one simple, the proximal one compressed and dilated at its bend, pd row

with about 10, pu row with 12 setae, the last of them just beyond the base of

the distal spine, a single smaller fv seta just before apex, fore tibiae opposite

_the femoral spines with 2 slight emarginations, which are separated by a

longitudinal ridge, without a submedian seta but with somewhat longer hair

on apical half of fv surface; mid-femora with a row of erect av and pv setulose

hairs on basal two-thirds and a complete row of p setulose hairs, some of which

near apex are stronger and represent the preapicals, mid-tibiae with 2 p setae;

hind femora with about 12 ad setae, the av surface with some fine erect setulae

in basal half and 3-4 stronger setae near apex, pv surface without outstanding

setae, d surface with 2 preapicals, hind tibiae with a strong ad seta just beyond

middle and 2 rather fine av somewhat beyond it.

Wings brownish hyaline; veins brown, becoming light brown at base,

entirely bare but for the costa. 7, ending slightly beyond level of vm, the

latter somewhat beyond two-thirds of the discal cell, 74, and m considerably

converging towards apex. m-m rather steep with a slight sigmoid curvature

in its posterior part, distinctly longer than last section but one of m. Calyptrae

fuscescent hyaline with dark-brown border and fringe. Halteres fuscous.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (P.W.E.), 3 type.

Hydrotaea longiciliata Emd. 3

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 70.

Length, 4-9 mm.; of wings, 5°I mm.

Head black, face and jowls grey dusted, occiput thinly greyish brown,

lunula silver-white dusted. Eyes bare and contiguous. Frons hardly wider at

vertex than ocellar tubercle, one-sixth head-width at lunula; sides of face

moderately concave to lower eye-margins, which are separated by slightly more

than half the head-width; interfrontalia very narrow, elongate triangular,

reaching almost middle of frons, parafrontalia narrower anteriorly than the

interfrontalia, linear, almost obsolete, in middle; with 1 setulose hair and 2

IT, 6 (y)

662 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

rather fine inclinate setae. Outer verticals rather fine, inner verticals fine, not

distinct from the occipital setulae, ocellars moderately long. Antennae fuscous-

black, third joint somewhat more than twice as long as wide, falling short of

mouth-margin and of level of lower eye-margins by half its width; arista very

short-haired, almost bare, the longest hairs considerably shorter than its basal

diameter. Parafacialia a third, jowls 14 times, as wide as third antennal joint.

Palpi fuscous-brown.

Thorax black, thinly brown dusted, moderately shining. acr setae well

developed though rather short, in 2 complete rows, 2+-4 dc, the post ones shorter

but for the last pair (as is the case in the acr) ; 1+-2 ta; ph and anterior postalar

moderately strong, 2 humerals, prst, 2 nfl and lateral scutellars strong, sa,

posterior postalars and apical scutellars very strong, preapical discals of

scutellum rather fine, mesonotum and dorsal surface of scutellum sparsely

setulose. Posterior propleural and upper prostigmatal moderately strong, with

rather numerous erect setulose hairs adjacent; anterior mesopleural rather

indistinct, 2+-3 moderately strong and 1-+-2 fine setae and some erect setulose

hairs along hind margin of mesopleura; 1-1 stfl, the posterior one much longer

and stronger.

Abdomen evenly greyish brown dusted but for a rather narrow undusted

median vitta; ovate-subtriangular, narrowly rounded at apex. Hair not very

dense, long, erect, except near the median vitta, the hairs along the margin of

the second to fourth segments (except for those nearest to median line) some-

what longer and stronger.

Legs piceous-black, the pulvilli brownish white. Fore femora before apex

of av edge with a tooth which projects towards apex, and which is followed by

a broad emargination, the pv surface only with an inconspicuous emargination,

basad of which the ventral surface is somewhat grooved, so that the pu edge

slightly projects in anterior view, the pd and pv rows with about 14 fine setae,

which are hardly distinct from the long setulose hairs of the # surface, fore

tibiae opposite the femoral tooth somewhat emarginate, without a submedian

seta; mid-femora with about 4 not verv long v setae in less than basal third,

the distal 2-3 of which are styliform, the a surface with a fringe of moderately

long setulose hairs in more than basal half, the # surface with a similar, complete

and somewhat denser fringe, 2 preapical setae just above the fringe somewhat

stronger, mid-tibiae with 2 p setae; hind femora with a conspicuous ad fringe

of about 18 rather fine, curved setae, 3-4 av setae near apex and I pd and 2 d

preapicals, hind tibiae with a very small (shorter than the tibial diameter) pd

setula near middle, 2 small and fine fv setulae and an ad fringe of long, strong

setulose hairs, among which the normal ad seta stands out by almost double

length and thickness.

Wings hyaline, very slightly greyish smoky, veins brown with testaceous

bases. 7, ending level with 7-m, the latter beyond two-thirds of discal cell,

MUSCIDAE 663

r4+5 and m somewhat converging towards apex, the former moderately curved

back, the latter very slightly so at the very tip. m-—m rather steep, slightly

sinuate in its anterior part, slightly longer than the last section but one of m.

Calyptrae hyaline with pale ochreous border and pale yellow fringe. Halteres

fuscous.

Ucanpba: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

Hydrotaea jeanneli Ség.

Séguy, 1938, Miss. scient. Omo 4, Zool.: 372.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 g, 1 2; Nam-

wamba Valley, 8300 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 3, 2 9, 6500 ft., 6g, 19; Mt. Elgon, between

Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.vi.34 (J. Ford), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdare

Range, Mt. Kinangop, 9000 ft., 25.x.34 (f.W.E.), 2 9.—Typical locality:

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, east slope, Elgon Sawmill, 2470 m.—In B.M. from: S.

Ruopesi: Mt. Chirinda, 3800 ft., rg1o-11 (C. F. M. Swynnerton). Seen from

S. RuopEsiA: Inyanga, 31.1 (A. Cuthbertson). UGANDA: Omubalana, Toro,

24.X.31 (E. G. Gibbins); Nyinabitaba, Toro, Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 14.viii.31

(G. L. R. Hancock). CAMEROONS: Mt. Cameroon, Musake, 6350 {t., 8.1.32

(M. Steele).

There can be no doubt that the fore leg figured by Séguy is not the “‘left”’

but the “right” one. According to Séguy this species should have 2+-3 dc, but

no Hydrotaea with less than 4 post de is known, and all the specimens at hand

show this number. It is not clear what “‘appartient au groupe de l’H. femorata

Stein’’ implies. As far as I know, nobody has established groups among the

Ethiopian species of this genus, and in Malloch’s key jeanneli would be traced

to the couplet containing mgribasis and maculithorax, but not to femorata.

The female has not yet been described: the frons is somewhat less than

one-third head-width with 4—5 inclinate (the first or second of which is strong),

a strong proclinate and 2 not very strong reclinate setae; frontal triangle

reaching beyond the cruciate setae and slightly beyond middle, but glossy on

an equilateral triangle only near the ocelli, otherwise slightly shining and

suddenly narrowed at the level of the cruciate setae, the latter lying on

a somewhat shining spot, parafrontalia and parafacialia glossy. Abdomen

not very densely but uniformly dusted, without a median undusted vitta.

Otherwise very similar to the male, except for the simple femora and the

absence of the distinctive setae.

Hydrotaea femorata Stein

ro14, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 117—-Malloch 1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)

14: 259—Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 3.

KrNyA: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., cedar forest (/.1V.E.), 2 3,

gooo ft., from bamboos (J. Ford), 13 3, 17 9, 9000 ft. (F.W.E.), 29. UGANDA:

664 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Kigezi District, Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 3; Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 it.

(f.W.E.), 2 29; Ruwenzori, Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500—7500 ft. (F.W.E.),

1 9.—Typical locality: Mt. Kenya, 2400 m., in Podocarpus wood. Recorded

from: NaTaL: Ulundi, 5000-6000 ft. (by Malloch). In B.M. from Ulundi and

Ucanpa: Nyinabitaba, Toro, Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 14.vi1.31 (G. L. R. Hancock).

Among the 19 males one only has the fv seta of the mid-tibiae very small,

whereas in the others it is very conspicuous. Among the 34 females 2 only

possess this seta, one of them well developed, the other small. As the con-

vergence of 7,,; and m is variable and is even said to be very slight in femorata,

and as the other differences stressed by Stein (indistinct acy and absence of the

pv from the mid-tibiae of femorata) are erroneous, very little remains for distin-

guishing longipila from femorata. The two male types of the former species

from NataL: New Hanover have, however, whitish calyptrae, and a typical

specimen recently studied proves to be somewhat more dusted. I have not

seen other specimens with these characters, nor have apparently Malloch and

Curran, and I think they are only a variation.

Hydrotaea fasciata Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 505—Malloch 1924, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 14: 258—

Curran 1938, Amer: Mus. Novit. 974: 3. -

UGANDA: Kigezi District, 7ooo ft. (F.W.E.), 5 3.—Typical localities:

TANGANYIKA: Kilimanjaro. ABYSSINIA: Karamaja (20 km. north-west of

Harrar), 1600-1800 m.; Diredawa, 800-1000 m. Recorded from TRANSVAAL

and NATAL: New Hanover (Curran).

The males from the Kigezi District differ in several respects from two typical

females, which Dr. A. Sods kindly sent me on loan: the mid tibiae have no ad

seta, which is well developed in the females, and the dark abdominal bands lie

at the base of the segments, whilst in the females they occupy the apex. As this

character was mentioned by Stein for the male, it may be assumed that the

males are conspecific, and that the absence of the ad seta from the mid tibia is

a secondary sexual character of the male. The Diredawa female of the Budapest

Museum differs somewhat from the Kilimanjaro one in the abdominal pattern,

the fourth tergite showing only shifting dark spots, including a shifting median

vitta.

Hydrotaea longitarsis Emd. 3°

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 82, Plate I, Fig. 7.

Length, 3 6-4 mm., 2 4:5 mm.; of wings, § 6-0 mm., 2 4-9 mm.

g. Head black and glossy, face and jowls greyish dusted, occiput thinly

greyish-brown dusted. Eyes bare and contiguous. Frons as wide at vertex as

ocellar tubercle, about one-eighth head-width at lunula; sides of face straight

MUSCIDAE 665

and rather strongly diverging, slightly and shortly convex near lower eye-

margins, which are separated by slightly more than one-half head-width;

interfrontalia small, triangular, not passing the anterior: third of the frons,

parafrontalia narrower than interfrontalia in front, linear from anterior third

to base, with 6-8 closely placed and moderately long and fine setae. Outer

verticals somewhat longer and stronger than the adjacent longer occipital

setulae, ocellars rather fine and not very long. Antennae fuscous-black, third

joint less than thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than

half its width and of level of lower eye-margins by more than half its width;

arista virtually bare. Parafacialia obsolete below base of arista, but inner eye-

margins separated from ptilinal suture below base of arista by almost half the

width of the third antennal joint, jowls slightly wider than the latter. Palpi

fuscous.

Thorax black, rather glossy, with thin brown pollinosity, which gives the

gloss a brassy appearance. acr setae absent but for 2 pairs of long, fine prsc,

acy hairs (like those on the rest of the mesonotum and scutellum) long, erect,

and rather dense; 2-+4 long dc (the first, third and fourth not very strong),

o-+-2 fine ia; ph, 2 humerals, 2 np/, anterior postalar, prsc 7a, subbasal lateral,

and several preapicals of scutellum, long and more or less fine; prst, posterior

postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars long and strong, especially the apical pair.

Propleurals and prostigmatals not very strong and rather indistinct among

the numerous erect adjacent setulose hairs; anterior mesopleural fine or indis-

tinct, hind margin of mesopleura with 24-1 strong setae and numerous erect

setulose hairs, 1-+-1 stp/l, the anterior one long and fine, the posterior very long

and strong ; lower part of sternopleura with 2-3 closely adjacent very long setae,

which are directed posteriorly.

Abdomen fuscous black, rather densely greyish-brown dusted, with fairly

strong brassy gloss and an incomplete narrow median vitta, which is undusted ;

oblong-ovate-subtriangular. Hair long and erect, moderately dense, a marginal

row on the second and third segments and a discal and marginal row on the

fourth segment somewhat longer and stronger.

Legs slender, piceous black, the pulvilli brownish white. Fore femora with

a conspicuous preapical tooth on av and pv edges, each tooth pointing apicad,

the pu and fd rows not clearly distinct from the numerous erect hairs of the

p surface, except towards base of fu surface, fore tibiae rather deeply excavate

opposite the teeth, without submedian setae, but the hairs of the pv surface

somewhat longer; mid-femora (Fig. 92) with a row of rather long, fine, erect

av hairs, a fringe of setulose a hairs in basal half and a group of similar hairs

near apex of ad, d and fd surfaces (among them a pd and f preapical somewhat

stronger), the v surface with 5-6 moderately long and strong styliform setae

in basal two-fifths and 3 long and strong setae in the third quarter (followed

towards apex by a long setulose hair), mid-tibiae with 2 strong / setae and, on

666 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the av, v, pv and p surfaces with numerous erect hairs, which are rather long

and strong on av and p surfaces, mid-metatarsus (Fig. 92) very long, distinctly

incrassate in more ‘than the basal two-thirds, with an av row of stiff, erect,

short setulae and, in apical two-thirds, a pv row of fine somewhat wavy hairs,

which are twice as long as the apical

diameter of the metatarsus; hind

femora with a double row of fine av

setae in apical half, which becomes

single at apex and ends in 4-5

stronger setae, an ad row of more

than 20 rather fine setae, about

6-10 fine and mostly short erect pv

hairs, a p fringe in basal half and

2 fine d and 1 fd preapical, hind

‘tibiae with a strong pd at two-

thirds, a moderately strong ad

beyond middle and a rather fine av

beyond the ad.

Wings brownish hyaline, the base

yellowish ochreous to beyond /, the

veins brown with pale-testaceous

bases. 7, ending slightly before level

of r-m, the latter beyond two-thirds

of discal cell, 74;; and m consider-

ably converging towards apex, but

m somewhat sigmoid at tip and

therefore diverging from 74,,; at the

} extreme apex; m—m rather oblique

and fairly straight, slightly shorter

Ziff than the last section but one of m.

Zid Calyptrae hyaline, with brownish-

r yellow tinge, the border pale

bkic. 92.—Hydrotaea longitarysis lsmd., 3. :

Anterior view of left mid leg. testaceous, the fringe pale golden.

Halteres fuscous.

9. Frons one-third head-width, parafrontalia glossy and almost one-third

as wide as frons at lunula, strongly narrowed to beyond middle, with 4 inclinate,

1 proclinate and 2 rather small inclinate setae, interfrontalia dull black, the

cruciate setae hardly behind middle and only slightly more distant from para-

frontalia than from frontal triangle, the latter reaching middle, glossy, not very

sharply defined at anterior end; inner and outer verticals and ocellars rather

strong. The hairs of the mesonotum and abdomen short and less erect. Ventral

part of sternopleura without abnormal setae. Abdomen more pointed, the fourth

= ER sn \

ROAR

SS SSSSSs

WANS

”

——s

Ail

MUSCIDAE 667

segment as long as the combined lengths of the second and third; the marginal,

and on the fourth segment the discal and marginal setae, fine but much more

conspicuous than in male. Fore femora simple with a pd row of 10 rather fine

setae and a pv row of 4 fine and, towards apex, 4 stronger setae, fore tibiae

simple and without longer hairs; mid-femora with a not very dense short a

fringe in basal half, 3 fine v setae in basal half, a fringe of rather long pu hairs

in apical half and 5 preapicals from ad to p surface; hind femora with about

10 ad setae, a weakly developed fp fringe in basal half, only 1-2 stronger av

near apex and a d and pd preapical, mid- and hind tibiae with the normal setae,

without outstanding hairs, mid-metatarsus as in male but without the erect

av setulae and pv hairs. Wings less tinged, m—m less oblique, straighter and

considerably shorter than the last section but one of m.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), g type,

2 g, I 2 paratypes.

One female from KENnyA: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., from bamboo

(/. Ford), is somewhat intermediate between this species and /atitarsis and may

belong to a different species: the frons is somewhat narrower, the parafrontalia

wider, the frontal triangle is sharply defined anteriorly and reaches the anterior

third, consequently the cruciate setae are almost contiguous with its sides.

The acy hairs are almost as numerous as in longitarsis but somewhat longer,

the dc are shorter, the abdomen hardly dusted, the setae of the legs about the

same, but the mid-metatarsus not quite so long and incrassate to near apex.

The wings are not tinged and 7,;, and m converge less considerably.

Hydrotaea latitarsis Emd. 3°

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 83.

Length, 3 3:8-4:8 mm., 2 3:3-4:4 mm. ; of wings, 3 3°7-4-2 mm., 2 3-4-3°9 mm.

Head black and glossy, face and jowls whitish-grey dusted. Eyes bare and

contiguous. Frons hardly wider at vertex than ocellar tubercle, about one-

eighth head-width at lunula; sides of face straight and strongly diverging in

upper half, moderately convex in lower half, eye-margins separated by half the

head-width; interfrontalia almost absent, triangular, not longer than the lunula;

parafrontalia at least as wide in front as the interfrontalia, linear in middle

third, with 5 inclinate setae, which are hairlike but for the first and fourth.

Verticals indistinct, ocellars moderately long but fine. Antennae fuscous, third

joint twice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin by less than half its

width and of level of lower eye-margins by slightly more than its width; arista

bare. Parafacialia obsolete at level of arista, but ptilinal suture separated at

its end from eye-margin by one-third the width of the third antennal joint,

jowls slightly narrower than the third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax black and glossy, not dusted. acy hairlike, in 5-6 irregular rows,

those of the outer pair of rows somewhat longer, 2-+-4 pairs of fine dc, only

608 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the last one stronger, upper humeral, fi, prst and o+-2 2a fine, lower humeral,

2 npl, sa, anterior postalar and lateral scutellar moderately strong, posterior

postalar and apical scutellars strong, dorsal surface of scutellum setulose.

Propleurals and prostigmatals fine and rather indistinct among the numerous

adjacent erect hairs; anterior mesopleural indistinct, hind margin of meso-

pleurae with 2+-1 rather long setae and some long setulose hairs; posterior stp/

long and strong, anterior one indistinct; lower part of sternopleurae in front

of each mid-coxa with 3 closely adjacent very long setae, which are directed

posteriorly and look almost like one seta.

Abdomen glossy black, the pollin-

osity brown and restricted to a not

very conspicuous patch on the first

and second segments, which is bilobed

posteriorly on the latter (in two,

probably immature, specimens with

brown, translucent thorax, the basal

two abdominal segments are largely

testaceous); oblong-oval, somewhat

triangularly pointed. Hair long and

erect, much shorter and half-appressed

near median line, distinct setae absent.

Legs piceous black (in the immature

specimens translucent brown to pale

brown). Fore femora with a blunt,

somewhat spoon-shaped tooth on av

and a pointed tooth on pv surface (these

teeth directed towards apex), conspic-

uously emarginate apicad of the teeth,

pd row not clearly distinct from the

numerous erect hairs of the f surface,

except for 6-8 setae in apical half, pv

row with 3-4 rather long setae in basal

third, which are followed by 4 fine,

Tic. 93.—-Hydrotaea latitarsis Iemd., 3 peel rechulae, 72 cecmennat oe

Posterior view of left mid leg. ~—«‘alif-erect setulae, and, above the

tooth, 3-4 fine, erect hairs, fore tibiae

excavated opposite the teeth, without submedian seta; mid-femora (Fig. 93)

with a fringe of hairs on less than basal half of a surface, 3-5 short

styliform and blunt-tipped v setae in basal third and 2 very long and

strong setae from there to middle, ad, pd and p preapicals weak, mid-tibiae

with a dense fringe of long setulose p hairs, from which the two p setae, which

lie only slightly more dorsad, are hardly distinguishable, the p and v ventral

MUSCIDAE 669

spurs very long and rather fine, mid-metatarsus dilated and flattened, the

ventral surface with an excavation before middle, in which a transverse comb

of 3 stout, short, recurved setulae is placed, the apical half of the metatarsus

with some stronger spinulose fv setulae and 2 long setulose hairs; hind femora

with about 20 ad bristles, 4—5 av in apical half, a not very dense f fringe on more

than basal half and a group of setulose hairs near apex, among which the

preapicals are indistinguishable, hind tibiae with a long but rather fine fd seta

at three-fifths and a row of rather fine and short ad setulae, among which one

stronger though still small seta stands out. av surface with 1-2 fine setae.

Wings hyaline with testaceous veins, which become pale ochreous towards

base. 7, ending slightly beyond level of 7m, the latter at or beyond two-thirds

of discal cell, 7,,; and m considerably converging to apex, m very slightly

sigmoid at apex; m—m moderately oblique and rather straight, at least as long

as the last section of m but one. Calyptrae whitish hyaline with yellowish-white

border and fringe. Halteres fuscous.

9. Frons less than one-third head-width, parafrontalia glossy and more

than two-fifths as wide as frons at lunula, strongly narrowed to vertex, with

4-5 inclinate, I proclinate and 2 small reclinate setae; interfrontalia dull black,

reduced to a V-shaped strip, as the large, glossy frontal triangle passes the

anterior quarter of the frons, cruciate setae absent. Verticals and ocellars

moderately strong. Hairs of mesonotum and abdomen shorter and sparser,

more appressed, acy hairs in only 2 distinct rows, between which a few odd

minute hairs can sometimes be seen. Ventral part of sternopleura without

abnormal setae. Abdomen somewhat more pointed, the fourth segment as long

as the combined length of the second and third; the latter segments each with

1-2 fine marginal setae on either side, the fourth with a complete row of fine

-erect discal setae and single erect setae before and at apex. Fore femora and

fore tibiae simple, mid-femora with the a fringe, but instead of the v setae of

the male with only a few fine erect setulae, tibiae as in the male, metatarsus

dilated but not depressed, with stronger setulae on fv surface and 2 fv hairs;

the ad row of half-erect setulae on the hind tibiae not very distinct. m-m shorter

than the last section but one of m.

Ucanpba: Budongo Forest, 7-8.ii1.35 (.W.E.), 3 type, 2 3, 6 2 paratypes;

Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 Q paratype; Omubalamu, Toro,

24.x.31 (E. G. Gibbins), 5 2 paratypes (3 returned to the Government Entomo-

logist, Uganda).

Hydrotaea ochribasis Emd. 6

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 83, Plate I, Vig. 6.

Length, 7:2 mm.; of wings, 7-4—7-6 mm.

Head (Fig. 94) black, frons dark-brown dusted though with whitish reflec-

tions in antero-ventral view, lunula whitish dusted, occiput thinly grey dusted.

670 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Eyes with dense hairs, which are almost half as long as the diameter of the

third antennal joint. Frons rather over one-third head-width, almost parallel-

sided; sides of face rather strongly diverging and conspicuously convex at

middle, the lower margins of the eyes separated by three-fifths head-width;

parafrontalia moderately and evenly narrowed to vertex, one-third as wide in

middle as interfrontalia, with 8-9 inclinate (of which 3—4 are moderately strong),

1 strong proclinate and 2 not very strong reclinate setae; interfrontalia dis

tinctly broadened to vertex, with a pair of strong cruciate setae somewhat

behind middle, the frontal triangle shining, rather short and broad, reaching

the cruciate setae. Inner and outer verticals and ocellars strong, postverticals

rather strong. Antennae fuscous, third joint almost twice as long as wide,

falling short of mouth-margin and of level of lower eye-margins by less than

half its width; arista virtually bare but for the thickened basal fourth, where

the hairs are distinct but shorter than the diameter. Parafacialia almost half,

jowls almost fully, as wide as the third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 94) black, moderately shining, along the dec with a pair of

inconspicuous vittae of whitish-grey dust, which are broadly fused before

scutellum, the shoulders, notopleurae, lateral and ventral surfaces also with

some whitish dust. acy setae absent, even the frsc hardly traceable, acy hairs

long, erect and rather dense; 2 +4 strong dc, the last pair very strong; ph,

2 humerals, 2 npl, 0 +2 7a, anterior postalar, subbasal lateral and preapical

discal of scutellum strong, frst, sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars

very strong, fra moderately strong, second sa rather weak. Propleural

and prostigmatal moderately strong with numerous erect hairs adjacent;

anterior mesopleural absent; 1+1 stpl, the posterior one much longer and

stronger.

Abdomen (Fig. 94) piceous black, the first segment yellowish orange but -

for a narrow brown hind margin, the anterior angles of the second segment

of the same colour, the anterior angles of the third segment more or less

indistinctly paler translucent, the pale coloration of the ventral surtace

of the fourth segment more or less narrowly reaching the dorso-lateral

surface; cordiform. Hair fine, appressed and rather dense, the second and

especially third segments each with 2-3 stronger marginal setae towards sides,

the fourth with 3 rather fine marginals, its hairs longer and more erect,

especially towards sides.

Legs piceous brown, the mid-femora with a small testaceous suffusion at

the base, the hind femora with a testaceous suffusion on basal half. Fore femora

with 6-9 rather strong pd setae, a p row in which 3-5 setae in basal half are

very strong and conspicuous, and a pv row of 10-12 setae, fore tibiae with 1-2

ab and 2-3 p setae, which are not very strong; mid-femora with an irregular

a row in basal half, that ends in a group of 3-4 somewhat stronger setae at

middle, 1-2 submedian av setae (indistinct in type), 4-5 rather fine fv setae

MUSCIDAE O71

Fic. 94.—Hydyotaea ochribasis Emd., 2. Dorsal view.

672 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

in basal two-fifths, a fringe of not very strong setae on apical half of p surface,

and an ad, pd and # preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 ad and 3-4 d setae; hind

femora with 14-16 ad, in apical third 3 strong av setae, at the apex of the pu

surface a dense row of stronger setulae, and a rather weak pd preapical, hind

tibiae with a very strong fd seta at two-thirds, a row of ad setulae, among which

2 stronger setae (at middle and almost three-quarters) are conspicuous, and

2-3 rather weak av setae beyond middle.

Wings (Fig. 94) hyaline, somewhat brownish tinged, the base orange; veins

brown with ochreous-yellow bases. 7, ending slightly beyond level of 7—-m, the

latter at almost three-fifths of discal cell, -m somewhat oblique and rather

sigmoid, 7,,, and m conspicuously converging to apex. Calyptrae yellowish

orange with concolorous border and fringe. Halteres fuscous.

Kenya: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., cedar forest (F.W.E.), 2 type;

Embu, 20.11.14 (G. St. J. O. Browne), 2 paratype. The higher number of setae

in the description applies almost always to the paratype.

Phaonia

In the key to the species of Phaonia (1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10:

87-92) paragraph 15 should be joined to paragraph 14 and paragraph 24 deleted,

as munrot Curr. is not a Phaonia (see antea, p. 638). Through the courtesy of

Dr. C. H. Curran I have been enabled to study his types of (Phaonia) munrot,

P. bequaerti, P. capensis, P. cuthbertsont, P. aethiopica, and P. vumbana. My

identifications and the characters stated in the key prove to be correct, and the

asterisks at names of these species can now be deleted. On p. 91 after “ paralleli-

frons sp. n.”” the words “and parallelifrons majuscula ssp. n.’’ should be added.

On p. 92, paragraph 40, line 5 instead of “‘bare’”’ read “‘hairy’’, and in front of

‘““Mesonotum”’ insert “Disc of’. The asterisk in front of “‘obscurinervis”’ can

now be removed (see p. 679 below).

Phaonia biseta Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 482—Curran, 1938, Amer, Mus. Novit. 974: 5.

UGANDA: Kampala, 12.xii.34 (F.W.E.), 4 $.—Typical locality: ABYSSINIA:

Marako (type seen). Recorded from UGANDA: Mujenje (Stein, specimen seen).

All the 4 males have no # seta on the fore tibiae and fit Stein’s description

of a single male from Mujenje (1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 189) but the

thoracic vittae are, as in the type, only undusted, not brown. The type of the

species, however, is the unique female from Marako, which has a # seta on the

fore tibiae. Perhaps the type is abnormal in this respect, as similar abnormalities

occur in P, abnormis Stein (q.v.).

MUSCIDAE 673

Phaonia brunneivittis Emd. )

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 88.

Length, 5:3 mm.; of wings, 6-3 mm.

Head black, interfacialia somewhat pale translucent, occiput cinereous

dusted, anterior surface whitish-grey dusted but for the interfrontalia, which

are dull black. Eyes bare. Frons one-half head-width at lunula, somewhat

more than two-fifths head-width at vertex, sides straight; sides of face slightly

diverging to level of arista, abruptly more strongly so from there to lower

eye-margins, which are separated by two-thirds head-width; parafrontalia

slightly narrowed to middle where they are one-third the width of the inter-

frontalia, with 2 strong inclinate and 2 sub-equal strong reclinate setae (only

one on one side in the type). Inner verticals strong, ocellars rather strong,

outer verticals and postverticals not

very strong. Antennae testaceous,

the basal two joints somewhat

browned on disc, the third joint

fuscous, less than thrice as long

as wide, not quite reaching mouth-

margin and level of lower eye-

margins; arista long-plumose, as

wide, including plumosity, as the

third antennal joint is long. Para-

facialia half as wide, jowls 14 times

as wide, as third antennal joint.

Palpi fuscous, somewhat dilated in

apical part.

Thorax (Vig. 95) brownish testa-

ceous with a broad median vitta and

some irregular spots of cinereous-

grey dust, a narrow brown vitta Imm.

along the inner side of each de row

from neck to beyond suture, a brown

suffusion behind suture from the za - Hera

7 Fic. 95.—-Phaonia brunneivittis Emd., &.

to the sa, a small brown suffusion Dorsal view of thorax.

at each side of the base of the

scutellum (reaching the lateral scutellars), a fuscous spot on the lower part of

the mesopleura, anterior part of the sternopleura, most of the pteropleura

(including the infraalar bulla and the triangular sclerite below it), the anterior

and posterior parts of the hypopleura and most of the metanotum. acy hairlike,

short and appressed, in 6-7 irregular rows before suture; prsc distinct though

A’S

fine; 2+-3 dc (the first of them weaker), prs, first sa, posterior postalar, and

674 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2 pairs of scutellars very strong, ph, lower humeral and first nfl strong, second

npl, 2 post ia and anterior postalar moderately strong, upper humeral, second

sa, subbasal lateral and preapical discal of scutellum rather fine, pra

small. Anterior propleural and lower prostigmatal fine, posterior propleural

and auxiliary prostigmatal moderately strong, upper prostigmatal rather

strong; anterior mesopleural rather small though conspicuous, 2+1 strong

and some fine setae in addition to setulose hairs along hind margin of meso-

pleura; 3 stfl, arranged in an isosceles triangle, the upper side of which is

longer, the posterior stpl very strong, the anterior strong and the lower one

rather strong.

Abdomen oblong-ovate, narrowly rounded at apex; testaceous, greyish-

vellow dusted, with a pair of subtriangular fuscous spots on the second and

third segments, a fuscous median vitta on the fourth and small fuscous spots

at the base of the stronger setae. Hair rather short and appressed, the first

and second segments each with a strong lateral marginal and a row of fine

half-appressed marginals on dorsum, the third and fourth each with a distal

and marginal row, consisting of 3 pairs (but for the marginal row of the fourth

with only 2 pairs on dorsal surface) of strong (but for the discal row of the

third segment, which is much weaker) setae.

Legs testaceous. Fore femora with 8 pd, 10 and 6 (and 2 smaller ones

at apex) pv setae, fore tibiae with a moderately strong f seta shortly before

middle and a small ad at middle; mid-femora with 1-3 erect av setulae near

base, 3 rather strong pv setae in basal third, a rather fine ad and pd (almost d)

and a strong pd and p preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 p setae; hind femora with

8-10 ad (the stronger ones towards apex), 4 av setae (the last of them stronger

and at apical fifth), 2 pv (in basal two-fifths) and a fd and p preapical, hind

tibiae with a strong pd at almost three-quarters, a strong ad shortly before

middle, and a rather small av at two-thirds.

Wings hyaline, somewhat yellowish smoky, especially towards costa, 7-m

with a slight smoky suffusion; veins light brown with testaceous bases.

y, ending slightly before level of v-m, the latter before two-thirds of the

discal cell, m-m hardly oblique and slightly sigmoid, 74,; and m very slightly

converging before apex, both somewhat upcurved at apex, 74;; more

strongly so, the extreme tips therefore somewhat diverging. Calyptrae

smoky grey with pale ochreous border and pale yellow fringe. Halteres pale

yellow.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Fort Portal, 4.xii.34 (F.W.E.), 9 type.

Very similar to P. abnormis Stein, which has, however, the infraalar bulla

testaceous, and almost always 2 ad setae on the hind tibiae and no # nor ad seta

on the fore tibiae. Perhaps brunneivittis is only an extreme variation of

abnormis, and it may be identical with P. melichros Ség. (1941, Ann. Soc. ent.

Fr, 109 (1940): 120).

MUSCIDAE 675

Phaonia abnormis Stein (Fig. 96)

Spilogaster abnorvmis Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 40.

Phaonia abnormis Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 478; Malloch, 1923, Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist. (9) 8: 417; Malloch 1929, lc. (10) 3: 552; Curran 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 6.

n. syn. ? Spilogaster setigera Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 50.

syn. P. bequaerti Curr. 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit. 974: 9.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Bwamba Pass, west

side, 5500-7500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2; Budongo Forest, 7-8.ii.35 (F.W.E.), 1 3.

Typical locality: Toco: Bismarckburg; of setigera: N. CAMEROONS: Johann

Albrechtshohe; of bequaerti: LriBER1A: Memeh Town. Recorded from: Carr

I'1G. 96.—Phaonia abnormis Stein, from Lira, Uganda. Male genitalia. (a) superior

forceps; (b) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (¢@) posterior paramere; (e) anterior paramere,

Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3. Scale o-r mm.

PROVINCE: Willowmore (Stein). S. NIGERIA. SOMALILAND. UGANDA. NyAsaA-

LAND: Zomba; Mapanda Mts. S. RHODESIA: Sinoia; Salisbury (all Malloch).

S. RHopEstA: Chirinda Forest; Gurungwe; Dande; Vumba Mts. (all Curran).

In B.M. from: Gotp Coast. S. Nicerta, ASHANTI. UGANDA: Entebbe “in

house’’, “house on window”, “laboratory” (E. D. W. Greig); Kampala, 30.1.27

(H. Hargreaves), a dark g with brown femora and thorax and a normal 9;

Lira, i.38. NyASALAND: Mapanda Mts.; Cholo (R. C, Wood); ‘‘? ex Aegeriid

in rotting fruit of wild Anona’’, 15.111.33 (W. A. Lamborn). Seen from: SUDAN:

Dealami, N.M.P., 24.iv.27, rock shade (W. Ruttledge); Um Dona, N.M.P.,

676 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

22.i11.27 (W. Ruttledge, H. H. King); Erkowit, 15 and 20.v.17 (G. Halloran).

Kenya: Nairobi, 1933 (C. B. Symes). UGANDA: Nsazi, ix.32 (JT. W. Chorley) ;

Mitanda, 6000 ft., 1.111.32 (H. Hargreaves). S. RHODESIA: Gurungwe; Inyanga,

31.1.39 (A. Cuthbertson). BELGIAN Conco: Komi, Sankuru, 30.11.30 (J. Ghes-

quiere).

According to Curran the p seta of the fore tibiae is present in the female,

“but there is seldom an indication of it in the male’’. Of the numerous speci-

mens at hand of both sexes only two females from Gurungwe have this seta (and

at the same time the smaller ad as in brunnevvittis m.), one is otherwise a typical

abnormis, whilst the other has a weak fourth fost dc.

Phaonia edwardsi Emd. ¢ 92

1943, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 10: 91.

Length, 6-6-7-5 mm., of wings 6-8—7-4 mm.

3g. Head black, occiput grey dusted, interfrontalia dull black with whitish

and brownish reflections, interfacialia brownish dusted with blackish reflections

on upper part, rest of head densely whitish-grey dusted with blackish reflections,

especially at lower ends of ptilinal suture and beneath the eyes. Eyes rather

densely long-pilose, not contiguous. Frons one-eleventh head-width above

middle, very slightly dilated to vertex, rather strongly dilated to lunula where

it is one-fourth head-width; sides of face strongly diverging, very slightly

concave towards lower eye-margins, which are separated by more than two-

thirds head-width; parafrontalia almost linear in posterior half, but half as

wide in front as the interfrontalia, which are band-shaped in posterior third,

gradually broadening in anterior two-thirds, with 8-10 mostly moderately

strong inclinate setae. Ocellars and verticals very long but not very strong,

the 2~3 uppermost occipital setulae also long. Antennae fuscous, third joint

almost thrice as long as wide, almost reaching mouth-margin and passing level

of lower eye-margins by its width; arista plumose, hardly wider including

plumosity than the third antennal joint, rays mostly short in basal and apical

quarters. Parafacialia two-thirds, jowls almost thrice the width of the third

antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 97) black with dense whitish-grey pollinosity except on the

following black pattern: a very broad median vitta before suture, which almost

reaches the dc and is suddenly constricted at suture, a small spot on anterior

surface of shoulders, a subtriangular spot on the fh and prst, a very broad .

median vitta behind suture, which reaches the first and second post dc- and

tapers somewhat to the prsc, whilst a less dark extension reaches the last dc,

a longitudinal spot on the za, pra, sa, and a large spot on each side of the base

of the scutellum; the pale pollinosity becomes less dense along the margins of

the dark pattern, and the latter seems therefore enlarged by a dark grey,

MUSCIDAE 677

somewhat shifting zone. One to two pairs of prst and prsc acy setae; 2+3 very

strong dc; prst, first sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars very long and

strong; ph, 2 humerals, first mpl, pra, 2 post ia and anterior postalar strong;

second npl not very long but quite strong, second sa, subbasal lateral and

mm.

Fic. 97.—Phaonia edwardsi Emd., 3. Dorsal view of thorax.

discal preapical of scutellum rather fine. Anterior propleural and lower prostig-

matal fine, the latter rather indistinct among the long erect adjacent hairs,

posterior propleural and upper prostigmatal moderately strong, third prostig-

matal not very strong; anterior mesopleural fine but conspicuous, 4-+-1 strong

and about 4 finer long setae and some long setulose hairs along hind margin of

mesopleura; I-+-2 stp/, the posterior one very strong, the anterior strong, the

lower one moderately strong. Supraspiracular convexity with long pile.

Abdomen oblong-oval, broadly truncate at apex; black, with moderately

dense whitish-grey pollinosity, the latter is interrupted by shifting black lateral

spots, on the second and third segments a large triangular median spot and on

the fourth a median vitta, these spots dark-brown dusted. Hair not very long,

erect at sides, appressed on disc, the first 2 segments with 2-3 marginals and

the second with 2-3 discals towards sides, the third with 3-4 discals on either

side, which are broadly separated in middle, and a marginal row, consisting of

3-4 pairs, fourth segment with a discal and a marginal row.

II, 6 (2)

075 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Legs piceous-brown with the apical part of the tibiae brown to testaceous

translucent and the basal three-quarters to five-sixths of the femora pale

ferruginous. Fore femora with about 10 fd and fp, and 15 pv setae, the latter

rather long and strong, fore tibiae with a moderately strong p seta near middle;

mid-femora with the hair somewhat longer and half-erect on a and av surfaces,

the v surface with long erect setulose hairs, the pu surface with 6 strong setae

in basal half, an ad, pd and a strong p preapical, mid-tibiae with 3 pf setae;

hind femora with about 16 ad, 12 somewhat unequal av (only the last two of

them strong), 2-3 small fu near middle, and 1 d, fd and p preapical, hind

tibiae with a moderately strong pd at two-thirds, 2 ad (near middle and towards

two-thirds) and 1—2 av (between the ad ones).

Wings hyaline, somewhat smoky, 7-m and m-—m with a light brown suffusion,

veins dark brown. 7, virtually reaching level of 7-m, the latter at three-fifths

of discal cell, m-m moderately oblique and somewhat sigmoid. 74,; and m

diverging at apex, 7,,; being slightly sigmoid with the apex somewhat upcurved,

and m being very slightly and evenly curved back, almost straight. Calyptrae

whitish hyaline, with whitish border and fringe, the lower one strongly pro-

jecting. Halteres pale yellow.

Q. Very similar to male. Frons two-fifths head-width at lunula, one-third

head-width at vertex, interfrontalia without cruciate setae, not quite 4 times

as wide in middle as parafrontalia, the latter with 3 strong and 3-4 hairlike

inclinate setae, 2 strong reclinate setae, the posterior one of which is stronger,

and rather numerous proclinate hairs; ocellars and verticals strong, post-

verticals rather strong. The outer postsutural spots not distinctly enclosing

the za. Abdomen oval, narrowly truncate. Fore femora with about Io setae

in each of the 3 rows; mid-femora without long av and v hairs, but with 4-5

short av setae in basal two-fifths.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type,

I 2 paratype.

Phaonia parallelifrons majuscula ssp. n.

Two males from UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., xi1.34—

1.35, in dark corner by river (F.W.E.) are considerably larger than the type-form

(from S. Rhodesia), their length being 10-5 and 11-3 mm. and that of their

wings 11-0 and 11-7 mm. The mesonotum is not fuscous on disc but rufous

with the broad median vitta rufous brown, the second abdominal segment is

entirely dull brown on basal two-thirds, this coloration reaching the hind

margin as a narrow median vitta, and the inner verticals are short, only slightly

longer than the outer ones and not much more than half as long as the ocellars.

In the key this subspecies will be traced to parallelifrons. Emd. without

difficulty.

MUSCIDAE 679

Phaonia obscurinervis Stein (Fig. 98)

19t4, Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Dipt. 4: 104.

A specimen has now come to hand. It was found in: Kenya: Elburgon,

iv.30 (Rk. &. Dent) and sent in by the Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi,

The lateral parts of the mesonotum and the upper part of the pleurae are dull

orange, whilst from Stein’s words “‘fere aureis”’ and “‘ presque jaune doré”’ [ had

inferred that the ground-colour was dark with dense golden pollinosity. The

specimen differs slightly from the type, as the pale lateral margin reaches the

scutellum ; the latter is hardly infuscated on disc, the coxae, trochanters, femora

and tibiae are dull orange, the first and last somewhat infuscate and the femora

somewhat browned at apex. The jowls are one-fourth to one-fifth the height

of the eye; there is an additional smaller pair of acr both in front of and behind

the suture, the mid-tibiae have only 3 f setae, and the hind tibiae 2 small av

close together near middle. Though more specimens from both Mt. Kenya (type

loc.) and the Mau ridge might prove that the Elburgon specimen belongs to

a separate subspecies, there can be no doubt that it is conspecific with obscurt-

nervis. The pd seta of the hind tibia is very small indeed, being not more than

a longer setula, at least in male. As it has, however, exactly the position of

the pd seta of the Phaoniini, and as it may easily be longer in the unknown

female, it seems best to leave the species in Phaonia. Otherwise its characters

would be those of Helina s. str., but the 4 post dc and long pra are not found

in Ethiopian members of that genus. Another important character isolating

obscurinervis is the large metathoracic spiracle, which is formed as in Dichaeto-

myia but lacks the black setulose hairs.

Graueria setinervis Stein

Phaonia setinervis Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 478.

Phaonia? setinervis Stein, Malloch 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 3: 552.

syn. Graueria ethelia Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 27.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 g.—Typical localities:

TANGANYIKA: Kibosho; Kilimanjaro; of ethelia: N.W. TANGANYIKA.

The male has not been described. The eyes are contiguous, the facets rather

conspicuously enlarged towards lunula. The cruciate interfrontal setae are

absent and the proclinate setae fine and small. All the occipital hairs are black.

Among the fine and numerous hairs of the mesonotum are on one side 4, on

the other 3, prst acy setae. The mesonotum is brown, the specimen being slightly

teneral, the 3 broad dusted vittae are fused in slightly less than posterior half.

DICHAETOMYIINI

The tribe was keyed in 1942 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 673-701, 721-736)

but Graueria Curr. is now being transferred to Phaoniini (see p. 377 antea)

680

yea

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

TG. 98.—Phaonia obscurinervis Stein, g. Lateral view.

MUSCIDAE OSI

Neaveia Mall. 1921 (nec Druce 1gr0) has been sunk on p. 736 of the 1942 paper

as a synonym of Dichaetomyia. Its two species fall automatically in place by

means of footnote + on p. 680 of the key.

Since the synopsis was published I have seen various types through the

courtesy of Mr. J. E. Collin, Dr. C. H. Curran and Dr. A. Sods. The identifica-

tions and characters of D. conformis Curr., liberia Curr. (=pallitarsis Stein, of

Stein 1913, =surgens Stein, of Stein 1913, both from Mujenje), devia Curr.,

limbipennis Curr., and pallens Curr. have thus been checked from the types and

have been found to be correct. D. (somerent Emd.) is a synonym of (Mydaea)

fumipenmis Stein, D. (stmillima Emd.) of (Mydaea) pilifemur Stein, and D.

(munrot Curr.) of (Mydaea) mediocris Stein. D. (lineata Stein) (or at least the

Ethiopian form thus named) has proved to be a synonym of nubiana Big., the

type of which is in Collin’s collection, and the form must now be called D.

quadrata nuhiana Big. D. (hargreavesorum nialana Emd.) is a synonym of D.

leucorhina Big., and this form will have to be known henceforth as D. lewcorhina

leucorhina Big., whilst D. hargreavesorum hargreavesorum Emd. will become D.

leucorhina hargreavesorum Emd. D. polita ugandana Emd. is possibly the same

as anthrax Stein (see p. 518 above), but this question cannot be settled without

studying Stein’s type.

Dichaetomyia conformis Curr.

Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 16.

UcaNDA: Kalinzu Forest (T. H. E. Jackson), 1 9°.—Typical localities:

LIBERIA: Paiata and Du River Camp No. 3.

The first sentence of Curran’s description, in which the species is said to

differ from Jatifrons Mall. by the front tibiae bearing “‘a’”’ median bristle on

the posterior surface, is obviously erroneous. Instead of “‘a’’ it should read

“no” as is evident from the key, the description of the legs, and the fact that

latifrons possesses the seta. In the present specimen, which is slightly teneral,

the palpi are fuscous, the av row of the hind femora consists of only 6 setae,

and the dorsum of the abdomen is almost entirely brown, only the bare basal

part of the first segment and the apex of the fourth being testaceous.

Dichaetomyia quadrata nubiana Big.

Spilogastey nubianus Bigot 1885, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6) 4 (1884): 288.

n. syn. ? Spilogastey lineata Stein 1904, Tijdschr. Ent. 47: 102; Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 51;

Imden 1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 680.

Mydaea quadrata Wied., Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 504.

Dichaetomyia quadvata Wied., Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 17.

S.W. UGANDA: Kigezi District, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.34 (J. Ford), 1 9.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7--8.1i1.35 (f.W.E.), I 9.

Typical locality: SupDAN: Khartoum; of lineata: JAVA. Recorded from:

TANGANYIKA: Pangani; Langenburg (Lake Nyasa). PORTUGUESE E. AFRICA:

682 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Impamputo. S. RHopEsIA: Balla Balla. ANGoLA: Pungo Andongo. CoNGo:

Lissalla. LIBERIA: Du River Camp; Memeh Town; Lenga Town. In B.M. from:

InpiA: S. Canara. KENyA: Malendi (J. J. Roberts); Nairobi (C. B. Symes, van

Someren). UGANDA: Entebbe (E£. D. W. Greig); Arua (R. E. McConnell).

Fic. 99.—Dichaetomyia quadrata nubiana Big., from Canara, India. Male genitalia.

(a) superior forceps; (b) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere;

(ec) anterior paramere, all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (f) fourth ventrite, Leitz

2, 3. Scales o-r mm.

Fic. 100,—Dichaetonyia quadvata nubiana Big., from Gold Coast. Male genitalia.

{a) superior forceps; (b) inferior forceps; (c) penis; (d) posterior paramere;

(e) anterior paramere, all Leitz eyepiece 4, objective 3; (/) fourth ventrite, Leitz

2, 3. Scales o-l mm.

MUSCIDAE 653

TANGANYIKA: Kilossa (A. Loveridge). NYASALAND: adult emerged 4.11 (W.

Lamborn). N.W. Ruopesta. S. RuopEsiA. PoRTUGUESE E. AFRICA. TRANS-

VAAL. NATAL. BECHUANALAND. BENGUELLA.

N. NiGcertA. Gorp Coast, SIERRA LEONE.

Seen from: SUDAN: Khartoum, 2.ix.26, in

laboratory (R. Cottam). Kenya: Bura, Teita,

5000 ft., 11.39 (Coryndon Mem. Mus.); Kisumu.

K.c., iv.36 (fH. J. A. Turner); Ngong, 1x.35

(van Someren); Naivasha, vii.37. (H. J. A.

Turner). BELGIAN Conco: Alipago, Uele, 27.

vili.37 (J. Vrydag).

All the specimens from the Ethiopian region

have only 3 post dc like nubtana Big. (= lineata

Stein), whereas in the Oriental region similar

specimens, and others with 4 strong post dc, are

found. The latter are, according to Malloch

(1928, Ent. Mitt. 17: 324), identical with guad-

vata Wied. (typical locality JAvA). It seems

doubtful, whether Stein was right in synonym-

ising the two Oriental forms, but certainly the

Ethiopian specimens should not be named

quadrata, as they never have 4 postdc and are, 5. TOreD Dachnelomiyia fuad:

therefore, at least a subspecies. Unfortunately vata nubiana Big., from Nairobi,

no Oriental males with 4 dc are available, so Keaya. Male genitalia unex-

; ay at i tended, posteroventral view. (a)

their genitalia could not be compared with superior forceps; (b) inferior

those of Oriental (Fig. 99) and Ethiopian ‘orceps, Leitz eyepiece o, object-

; : J p ive 3; scale 0-3 mm.; (c) and (d)

(Figs. I00, 101) specimens with 3 dc. The _ the apex of the same parts more

genitalia of the latter two forms are virtually Sttongly magnified, Leitz eye-

5 Z piece 0, objective 6; scale o-1

identical. mm.

Dichaetomyia convergens Emd. 3°

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 677.

Length, 5:1-5:6 mm.; of wings, 5°6-6-5 mm.

Head (Fig. 102) fuscous, the jowls, parafacialia and facial ridges somewhat

reddish translucent in places, dust brown on occiput and interfrontalia, pale

grey on face, jowls, upper part of parafrontalia and temples, silver white on

parafacialia and anterior part of parafrontalia. Eyes with a few very short

hairs. Frons almost (in two of the females slightly more than) two-fifths head-

width at lunula, somewhat more than one-third (in two of the females almost

two-fifths) head-width at vertex; sides of face slightly diverging and straight

in upper half, somewhat more diverging and slightly concave in lower half,

084 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

lower margin of eyes separated by half the head-width; parafrontalia con-

siderably narrowed in anterior third, parallel-sided in posterior two-thirds, a

quarter to a sixth as wide as the interfrontalia at middle, with 1 strong, 2-3

fine, and 1-2 hairlike inclinate setae,

some hairs to their outer side and 1

strong reclinate seta, the latter

somewhat before level of anterior

ocellus. Inner verticals very strong,

ocellars and outer verticals strong,

postverticals conspicuous. Antennae

fuscous, the apical margin of the

second and the extreme base of the

third segment more or less narrowly

reddish translucent, third joint 34

times (in 2 almost 3 times) as long

as wide, reaching (in 2 almost reach-

ing) mouth-margin and level of lower

eye-margins; arista with long rays

above and moderately long ones

below, two-thirds as wide, including

plumosity, as the third antennal

joint is long. Parafacialia one-sixth

(in Q one-third) the width of the

third antennal joint, jowls slightly

wider than that joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 102) testaceous to

pale ferruginous with the triangular

sclerite beneath the infraalar bulla

piceous black and a large piceous

lm m. suffusion, which reaches or almost

reaches the prst and za exteriorly and

AS the posterior fourth of the scutellum

‘ posteriorly; dust whitish grey on the

2 ; a suffusion, interrupted to the inner

Fic. 102.—Dichaetomyia convergens Eemd., 3. : j

Dorsal view of head and thorax. side of the dc by a pair of moder-

ately broad shining vittae, which

gradually widen behind suture and are more or less fused before scutellum;

there is also a pair of less conspicuous sublateral vittae along the lateral margin

of the suffusion. acy fine, hairlike, in 6—7 irregular rows, the frsc not differen-

tiated; 2 very strong prst dc, 1 very weak and 2 strong fost dc, the first of the

latter at least as distant from suture as from the other, frst, lower humeral,

first sa, posterior postalar and 2 scutellars on either side very strong, first

MUSCIDAE 685

npl rather strong, second mp/ and anterior postalar moderately strong; upper

humeral, ph, 2 1a, the prsc ia and the subbasal lateral of the scutellum

not very strong to rather fine, pra small; scutellum setulose on dorsal

surface down to the level of the apical scutellars. Anterior propleural and

lower prostigmatal fine to hairlike, posterior propleural not very strong,

upper prostigmatal moderately strong, surrounded by some black hairs;

mesopleura with 1-+1 strong and long setae, 1-2 long and fine setae and

longer and shorter setulose hairs at hind margin and a conspicuous seta

opposite the first nfl, otherwise with some black hairs; 1+2 stf/ in an

almost equilateral triangle, the posterior very strong, the other 2 strong

and subequal.

Abdomen short-ovate to oval, testaceous with a large piceous suffusion on

the last two segments, which extends forward triangularly towards hind margin

or even base of the first segment. Each segment with a strong lateral marginal,

the second between them with some weak, the third with 2 pairs and the

fourth with 1 pair of strong marginals, the fourth, moreover, with 3 (in 9 2)

pairs of discals on either side.

Legs wholly pale testaceous. Fore femora with 8-9 rather fine setae in the

pd and p rows and 7 long ones, which become stronger towards apex, in the

pv row, fore tibiae with a strong # seta just before or in middle, in the type

also with a very small ad seta shortly beyond it, the d apical spur slightly

longer than the fd and pv ones, which are, however, quite strong; mid-femora

with a few fine pu setae, sometimes I-2 stronger ones near middle, a fine ad

and d (almost fd) and a strong fd and # preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 strong

pd setae (in the type an additional smaller one close, and basad, to the proximal

one); hind femora with about 11 rather fine ad setae, rather numerous erect

longer hairs (only in 3) and 1-2 fine setae near base and 1 strong seta at apical

fifth of av surface, 1-2 rather long and fine setae near base and a few setulae

at apex of pu surface, and a fd and # preapical, hind tibiae with a very small

and fine fd seta and a rather strong ad near middle, and 3 somewhat finer av

at and beyond it.

Wings (Pl. X, Fig. 5) brownish hyaline with brown veins, which become

testaceous at base. 7, ending well beyond level of ym, the latter slightly before

or at middle of discal cell, 74,; and m distinctly somewhat converging before

apex, m straight or slightly upcurved at apex; m-m steep and not or slightly

concave. Calyptrae yellowish to brownish hyaline with more or less browned

border and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres pale orange

yellow.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, I 3 para-

type; Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-9000 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 3, 1 Q paratypes;

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 19 paratype; Kigezi District, Mt. Sabinio,

7000 and 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), I 3, 1 2 paratypes.

686 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

In the Mobuku paratype the palpi are brownish orange, and in the Mt.

Sabinio male the fourth ventrite is piceous, whereas it is reddish testaceous in

the other specimens; its shape is identical and does not differ from that of

flavida Mall.

Dichaetomyia polita ugandana Emd.

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 681; 1943, Lc. (11) 10, PI.I., Fig. 1.

Though the Uganda-Tshibinda form can hardly be distinguished by struc-

tural characters from the typical form, found in the Aberdares, its dark femora

make it very conspicuously distinct. It is obviously the race of the western

part of East Africa or perhaps even a West African race reaching so far east.

The femora are piceous to black instead of pale ferruginous, the epaulette and

basicostal scale of the wings are fuscous instead of reddish brown, and the first

(small) post de is somewhat smaller, becoming sometimes quite indistinct.

UcGanDA: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, :7300 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type, I g, 1 2

paratypes; Kigezi District, Kanaba, 7500-7800 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 g paratypes;

Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 ft., 20.xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3 paratype; Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft.

(F.W.E.), 1 3 paratype; Nkokonjeru, 23-27.xii.26 (G. L. R. Hancock), i 6, 12

paratypes. BELGIAN Conco: Tshibinda, 21-27.vii.31 ([. D. A. Cockerell),

I ¢ paratype.

Dichaetomyia latifrons Mall.

UcGanpDA: Kigezi District, xi.34, Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 3; Mt.

Mgahinga, 8000 ft., 3 g.—Typical locality; Kampala.

The type has not yet been returned to London, and the present specimens

are perhaps a local form of the Kigezi District, the parafacialia being nowhere

silvery. The legs are black, the tibiae being hardly more brownish, except in

certain lights owing to the pollinosity. The costal spicules of the type are

described as longer than usual, especially basad of the apex of the auxiliary vein.

This may mean that not two or three stand out as in the present specimens.

Dichaetomyia sellata Emd. 3

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 682.

Length, 7-8 mm.; of wings, 8-5 mm.

Head fuscous, brownish-grey dusted, frons dark-brown dusted, parafacialia

and anterior part of parafrontalia silver-white dusted. Eyes with sparse, short

hairs, subcontiguous. Frons one-seventh head-width behind middle, hardly

widened to vertex, where it is as wide as ocellar tubercle, considerably widened

to lunula, where it is more than twice as wide as at vertex; sides of face straight,

moderately diverging to lower margins of eyes, which are separated by less

MUSCIDAE 087

than three-fifths head-width; parafrontalia very narrow, except anteriorly,

where they are, however, narrower than the interfrontalia (which are linear in

and behind middle), with 3 strong and 1-3 finer to hairlike inclinate setae and,

in front of the ocelli, 2 very small reclinate setae (the anterior one smaller).

Inner verticals distinct, outer verticals only slightly stronger and longer than

1G. 103.—Dichaetomyia sellata Emd., g. Dorsal view of thorax.

the setulae of the occipital row, ocellars rather strong. Antennae fuscous, third

joint not quite thrice as long as wide, falling short of mouth-margin and level

of lower eye-margins by less than half its width; arista rather long-plumose,

almost two-thirds as wide, including plumosity, as the third antennal joint is

long. Parafacialia one-third, jowls 1} times as wide as that antennal joint.

Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 103) ferruginous with a large piceous suffusion on dorsum from

neck to scutellar suture and reaching the fh and almost 7a laterally, and with

another suffusion on the lower part of the sternopleura and on the hypopleura,

the fore and stigmatal margins of the latter remaining pale; pollinosity whitish

688 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

yellow, but cinereous on the suffusion with the exception of 4 moderately

broad not very striking longitudinal vittae which are dark-brown dusted. acr

hairlike, long and fine, in about 8-9 irregular rows, prsc acy and prsc ia not very

strong, but more than half as long as the last dc; 2+ 3 very long dc, the first

post rather widely separated from the second; fh, upper humeral, pra, second

sa, and 2 7a rather long, lower humeral, 2 nfl and anterior postalar long,

prst, first sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars very long; scutellum

setulose on dorsal and lateral surfaces including lower edge, except near apex,

subbasal lateral seta and 3 pairs of preapical discals conspicuous and rather

long, though shorter than the setae of the mesonotum. Anterior propleural

and lower prostigmatal fine, curved upward, rather indistinct among the

adjacent long hairs, posterior propleural and upper prostigmatal rather strong;

mesopleura with 2-+1 very long and 2-3 rather long setae and some more or

less long setulose hairs at hind margin and a conspicuous though not long seta

opposite the first 7p/, otherwise with black erect hair. 1-+-2 stpl, the posterior

very long, twice as distant from the anterior as from the lower one, the latter

finer.

Abdomen cordate-ovate, rather broadly truncate at apex, the basal two

segments testaceous, the second with a narrow piceous hind margin, which is

produced forward on median line as an elongate triangle, third piceous but for

the rather broad anterior angles, the borders of the dark coloration extending

the triangle of the second segment in direct continuation and curved outward,

the fourth wholly piceous. The hair appressed on dorsal surface, longer and

erect on lateral surface, second segment with one rather strong lateral discal

and 2 strong and a few moderately strong marginals towards sides, third with

3-4 rather strong discals at sides and 3 pairs of strong marginals. which are

rather widely separated in middle, fourth with 3 pairs of discals and of

marginals.

Legs reddish testaceous, the tarsi fuscous. Tore femora with 11-12 setae

in the d, pd and pv rows, those of the latter rather long and fine and the last

two of them stronger, fore tibiae with a moderately strong # seta at middle, the

pd apical spur slightly shorter than the pv and much shorter than the d one;

mid-femora with 7 long and fine pv setae in basal half, which are replaced on

apical half by half-appressed denser and shorter setulose hairs and a row of

about 8 rather long and fine setae above them on the f surface, ad and fd

(almost d) preapicals rather fine, fd and p ones strong, mid-tibiae with 2 (on

one side 3) rather strong fd setae; hind femora with about 17 rather long ad,

11-12 av (those of the basal half short, fine and not very closely set), ca. 16 pu

(those of the apical two-fifths stronger though not longer, much more closely

arranged), and a d and fd preapical, hind tibiae with a small fd seta at two-

thirds, a moderately strong ad at middle and 2 not very strong av slightly

beyond the ad.

MUSCIDAE 689

Wings rather strongly suffused with brown from apical half of second costal

cell to apex, the hind part of the wing, especially from the fifth vein onward,

paler; veins dark brown, only the weaker ones much paler at base. 7, ending

slightly beyond level of ym, the latter at almost three-fifths of discal cell, m—m

slightly sigmoid and somewhat oblique, 74;; and m distinctly converging to-

wards apex, the former only slightly curved backward, m not very strongly

curved up though for a somewhat longer distance than usually. Calyptrae

strongly smoky with brown border and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting.

Halteres dull brownish.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 3 type.

Dichaetomyia xanthopleuris Emd. 39

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 682.

Length, 5:3-6°5 mm.; of wings, 6-3-7:0 mm.

$. Head fuscous, jowls brownish translucent, dust yellowish-white. Eyes

virtually bare. Frons one-eighteenth head-width in middle, almost twice as

wide at vertex and almost thrice as wide at lunula; sides of face straight and

moderately diverging to lower margin of eyes, which are separated by somewhat

more than half the head-width; parafrontalia linear except in anterior third,

slightly wider in front but somewhat narrower in middle than the interfrontalia,

which are very narrow but distinct over all their length and somewhat triangu-

larly dilated in front, with 2 strong and 1—2 small inclinate and 1 small reclinate

seta. Inner and outer verticals very weak, but rather distinct, ocellars not very

strong. The basal 2 antennal joints dull testaceous, slightly infuscated, the

third strongly infuscated but for the extreme base, 2$ times as long as wide,

reaching mouth-margin and level of lower eye-margins; arista long-plumose, as

wide, including plumosity, as the third antennal joint is long. Parafacialia less

than one-half, jowls more than fully, as wide as third antennal joint. Palpi

brownish orange.

Thorax pale testaceous, the disc of the mesonotum pale ferruginous, dust

yellowish white, very thin and inconspicuous, somewhat more distinct only

around the shoulders and on the median presutural part of the mesonotum.

acy hairlike, most of them at least as long as the third antennal joint is wide,

in 5-7 irregular rows, prsc acy and prsc ia rather long and fine, not stronger

than the second sa; 2+-3 strong dc, the first somewhat shorter than the second,

upper humeral not very strong, ph, 2 ia, pra, anterior postalar and second 7//

moderately strong, the last of them slightly shorter, lower humeral, first »/,

brst, first sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars very strong, second

sa, subbasal lateral and 1-2 pairs of preapical discals rather fine. Anterior

propleural and upper prostigmatal rather strong, with a few adjacent hairs,

which are black like all the hairs and setae; mesopleura with 3+-1 long setae,

690 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2 fine setae and some long setulose hairs along hind margin and a conspicuous

though not very strong seta opposite the first #/, otherwise sparsely haired;

1-+2 stpl, the posterior one very strong, the other two strong, subequal.

Abdomen oval, rather broadly truncate at apex, ferruginous, second segment

with a not very broad brown band along hind margin and a rather narrow

median vitta, third with a broader band and vitta, fourth wholly piceous. First

and second segments each with 3-4 rather strong marginals on lateral surface,

third with 4 pairs of moderately strong marginals, the lateral discals very weak

on these segments, only slightly longer than the hairs, which are longer and

more erect at sides, fourth segment with a transverse row of rather strong

marginals and discals, each row consisting of 3 pairs of setae.

Legs pale testaceous, tarsi browned. Fore femora with 8-9 setae in the d,

pd and pu rows, fore tibiae with a strong submedian # seta, the pd apical spur

hardly smaller than the d and pv ones; mid-femora with 5 long pv setae in

basal two-thirds and some much shorter ones in apical third, with a rather

weak.ad and pd (almost d) and a strong fd and p preapical, mid-tibiae with

2-3 rather strong fd setae; hind femora with about 12 rather short ad setae,

8-9 fine av setae, the last but one of which is much stronger, 3 long fv in basal

half, 2-3 fine ones in the next fourth, some small and rather dense fv setae

towards apex, and 1 fd and 2 d preapicals, hind tibiae with 1-2 small fd setae,

a strong ad and 2 somewhat finer av setae, the proximal one slightly beyond

the ad.

Wings hyaline, slightly smoky, especially in apical anterior part, veins dark

brown with testaceous bases. 7, ending slightly beyond level of v-m, the latter

hardly beyond middle of discal cell, m-m almost straight or slightly concave

and steep, 74; and m somewhat converging to subparallel before apex, m hardly

upcurved. Calyptrae somewhat smoky hyaline with brown border and fringe,

the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres pale reddish yellow.

9. Frons slightly more than one-third head-width at lunula, slightly more

than one-fourth at vertex, interfrontalia more than thrice as wide as the

parafrontalia, with 1 strong and 2-4 fine inclinate setae and a single reclinate

seta, which is strong; sides of face less diverging, the face hardly wider at lower

extremity than in male. Third antennal joint not quite reaching mouth-margin

and level of lower eye-margins. Abdomen somewhat more elongate, more

pointed at apex.

Kenya: Chyulu Hills, 6000 ft., vi.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.), 3 type; 5200 ft.,

v.38, I 2 paratype (returned to Coryndon Museum). UGANbDA: Ruwenzori,

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 2 paratype.

The Namwamba specimen has the antennae, especially the third joint, less

strongly infuscated, on the abdomen the brown marginal band is not very

conspicuous on the sides of the second segment, and the fore angles of the

fourth segment are narrowly testaceous.

MUSCIDAE 691

Dichaetomyia vitticollis Emd. °

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 683.

Length, 6-5-7:2 mm.; of wings, 7-5-8: mm.

Head fuscous, somewhat light-brown translucent on jowls and face ; occiput,

frons and jowls cinereous dusted, parafacialia silver-white dusted, in anterior

view the parafrontalia appear blackish and are sharply separated from the light

parafacialia, in lateral view the uppermost part of the silver-white dust turns

into a spot with blackish reflections. Eyes with very short and sparse hairs.

Frons slightly more than one-third head-width at lunula, less than one-third

at vertex; sides of face almost straight from level of apex of second antennal

joint to lower margins of eyes, which are separated by rather more than one-half

head-width, parafrontalia slightly narrowed from lunula to vertex, about

one-third the width of the interfrontalia in middle, with 1 strong and 4-5 weak

and hairlike inclinate and 2 conspicuous reclinate setae, the anterior of the

latter rather fine, the posterior moderately strong. Interior vertical strong,

outer vertical moderately strong, ocellars strong, postverticals conspicuous.

Antennae fuscous, the apical margin of the second joint narrowly testaceous

translucent, third joint slightly more than 24 times as long as wide, not quite

reaching mouth-margin and falling short of level of lower eye-margins by

almost its width; arista long-plumose, somewhat narrower, including plumosity,

than the third antennal joint is long. Parafacialia not quite one-half, jowls

14 times, as wide as the third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 104) pale testaceous to pale ferruginous, the apical part of the

triangular sclerite below the infraalar bulla and a broad dorsal median vitta

from almost neck to virtually apex of scutellum and from one row of dc to the

other blackish brown; dust greyish white to testaceous white, much denser on

the usual median vitta in front of suture, where it hides the dark vitta, the

latter thus appearing formed by 2 rather broadly separated vittae which are

fused at suture. acy rather short and moderately fine, inclined, in about 8

irregular rows; prsc acy and prsc ia conspicuous though hardly one-third the

length of the last dc; 2+-3 dc (the first, however, only one-half to two-thirds the

length of the second), the frst, first sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutel-

lars very strong, the lower humeral, first f/ and anterior postalar strong, the

ph, upper humeral, second nl and posterior 7a moderately strong, the pra and

second sa only slightly stouter but not longer than the frsc and the subbasal

lateral of scutellum, the anterior 7a and the preapical discals of scutellum even

finer and tending to be indistinct. Anterior propleural and lower prostigmatal

fine, upcurved, posterior propleural and upper prostigmatal rather strong,

surrounded by some black hairs; mesopleura with 3+-1 strong setae and some

long setulose hairs along hind margin and a conspicuous seta opposite the first

npl, otherwise setulose; 1-2 stpl, the posterior one very strong, the other two

strong, subequal.

692 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

Abdomen cordate-ovate, pointed at apex, piceous brown but for rather

broad anterior angles of the second and the entire first segment, which are

testaceous, rather densely and evenly cinereous dusted. Second segment with

a weak lateral marginal, third with 2 pairs of strong marginals, fourth with 1

not very strong lateral discal and 2 pairs of rather weak marginals.

« P st

o aes,

op ie

FY |.

Fic. 104.—Dichaetomyia vitticollis Iemd., 2. Lateral view of thorax.

Legs pale reddish testaceous, the tarsi rather strongly infuscated, especially

the last 3 joints. Fore femora with about 9 setae in the d, pd and pv rows,

those of the d row rather weak, fore tibiae with a moderately strong f seta

and a d, pd and pv apical spur, which are equal; mid-femora with 5 fine pv

setae and a few erect fv hairs in basal half and a row of inclined fine setae in

apical half, the ad and pd (almost d) preapicals small, the fd and d ones strong ;

hind femora with about 12 rather short ad setae, the last of which is con-

spicuously stronger, about 10 av setae, which are very fine but for the last 2-3,

0-1 fine pu seta and 1 d and fd preapical, hind tibiae with a very small fd and

a strong ad near middle, and 2 fine pv setae near and beyond them.

Wings brownish hyaline, veins dark brown with testaceous base. 7, ending

level with vm, the latter distinctly beyond middle of discal cell, 74,; and m

slightly converging before apex, but somewhat upcurved at apex, 74;; more

shortly so, m—m steep, slightly concave. Calyptrae greyish hyaline with brownish

testaceous border and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres

yellowish to reddish testaceous.

MUSCIDAE 693

UcanpA: Kigezi District, Mt. Sabinio, 7000 ft., xi.34 (F.W.E.), 2 type;

Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley, 8000—g000 ft. (D. Rk. Buxton), 1 2° paratype.

Dichaetomyia mediocris Stein.

Mydaea mediocris Stein 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 498

n. syn. Dichaetomyia munroi Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 14,18.-Emden 1942,

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 683

KenyA: Mt. Elgon, Forest Zone, 8500 ft., i135 (F.W.E.), 1 g.—Typical

localities: TANGANYIKA: Moshi; of munroi: S. Arrica: Elliot. S. RHODESIA:

Gwelo and Balla Balla. N.W. Tancanyixa.—In B.M. from: ABYSSINIA.

Cooper); Ufiomi, 3.vi.16, in well-watered valley (W. A. Lamborn). BELGIAN

Conco: Tshibinda, 21-27.vili.31 (Mrs. W. P. Cockerell and Miss A. Mackie);

Elisabethville, 11-17.1x.31 (Miss A. Mackie). KENYA: Marsabit, 20.ix.11

(R. J. Stordy); Naivasha, vui.37 (H. J. A. Turner). S. RHODESIA: Vumba Mts.,

5.X11.34, 6.111.35, 24.111.35, xii.36 (J. E. Drysdale). Seen from Kenya: Chyulu

Hills, 6000 ft., vii.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.); Nairobi, vii.30 (van Someren) ;

Teita Hills, viit.47 (van Someren).

In 4 females (but not in the males) from Tshibinda the anterior post ia is

small, as in vittecollis, the other characters being those of mediocris.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) albivitta Stein

1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 41.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) limbipennis Curran 1928, Bull. amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 57: 353.

Panaga albiwitta Stein, Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 20, 21.

Panaga limbipennis Curran, l.c.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 g; Kalinzu Forest

(1. H. E. Jackson), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdare Range, Chania Falls, 4000 ft.

(F.W.E.), 1 9.—Typical locality: Toco: Bismarckburg ; of limbipennis: CONGO:

Panga. Recorded by Malloch (specimens in B.M.) from SrERRA LEONE. KENYA:

Embu. TANGANYIKA: Moshi. In B.M. from: NyASALAND: Mt. Mlanje, 27.vili.13

(S. A. Neave). KENYA: S. Masai Reserve, 16.v.13 (T. ]. Anderson). UGANDA:

Mabira Forest, Chagwe, 3500-3800 ft., 16-25.vil.11 (S. A. Neave); Kampala,

7.1x.17 (C. C. Gowdey) ; Sesse Isles, 3.iv.25 (G. D. H. Carpenter) (var. limbipennis

Curr.).—Seen from: SUDAN: Loti, 18.xi.33, in forest clearing along path (Miss

M. Steele). UGANDA: Munyonyo, 2.ii.30 (G. L. R. Hancock). KeENyA: Nairobi,

5.vii and 25.viil.27 (Symes and Hopkins), vii.30 (van Someren); Ngong, iv.36

(van Someren).

The male has not been described, and Curran, when publishing his description

of limbipennis (1928) and his key (1935), had obviously not seen the species,

although he realised in 1935 that the two forms must be very similar. If I have

identified limbipennis correctly, this is only a form of a/brvrtta, distinguished

II, 6 (aa)

694 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

solely by the colour of the wings, which are “broadly brownish on the apical

half in front”’ (Curran, 1928). In 1935 Curran writes “costal border broadly

brown on the apical half’. The former statement would excellently fit my

specimen from the Sesse Isles.

The male is very similar to the female, but the thorax is more convex and

stouter, the eyes are separated by once to less than twice the width of the

third antennal joint, the parafrontalia being half that width and the inter-

frontalia linear or disappearing on about the middle third of the length.

Antennae wholly pale orange. Third abdominal segment without or with a

smaller triangular spot, whereas in the female this spot is usually very large,

but sometimes almost absent.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) edwardsiana Emd. 3

1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 685.

Length, 6-7 mm.; of wings, 7-5 mm.

Head fuscous, interfrontalia pale testaceous translucent, facial ridges pale

reddish testaceous, pollinosity pale yellowish white. Eyes with extremely short

and sparse hairs, contiguous. Intermediate third of frons consisting only of the

linear parafrontalia, one-thirtieth head-width, frons slightly widened to vertex,

where it is hardly wider than ocellar triangle, but almost twice as much widened

to lunula; sides of face straight, moderately widened to lower margin of eyes,

which are separated by slightly more than one-half head-width; parafrontalia

linear, except in front, where they leave only a minute triangle of the inter-

{rontalia visible, with 1 strong and 2 weak inclinate setae and, near ocelli, a

minute reclinate setula. Outer vertical rather indistinct, inner vertical distinct

but fine, ocellars not very strong. Antennae yellowish orange, the third joint

slightly browned along dorsal edge and in apical half, less than thrice as long

as wide, virtually reaching mouth-margin, but falling short of level of lower

eye-margins by half its width; arista long-plumose, as wide, including plumosity,

as the third antennal joint is long. Parafacialia less than one-fourth, }owls more

than fully, as wide as the third antennal joint. Palpi fuscous.

Thorax (Fig. 105) testaceous, glossy and very thinly and inconspicuously

dusted. acy hairlike, very fine, erect, as long as the width of the third antennal

joint, prsc acy and prsc 7a almost half as long as the last dc; 2++3 very strong dc,

the first prst one nearer to suture than to the second; the lower humeral, prst,

first sa, posterior postalar and 2 pairs of scutellars very strong, the first nl

strong, the ph, pra, 2 7a and anterior postalar rather strong, the upper humeral,

second 7pfl and second sa not very strong, the subbasal lateral of scutellum

slightly longer than they, 2-3 pairs of preapical discals of scutellum rather

finer, dorsal surface of scutellum setulose. Anterior propleural and lower

prostigmatal fine, upcurved, posterior propleural and upper prostigmatal

MUSCIDAE 695

moderately strong, surrounded by 1-2 black and several yellow hairs; meso-

pleura with 3++1 strong and 2 rather fine setae and numerous long setulose

hairs along hind margin, a single conspicuous seta opposite the first mp/, other-

wise with fine erect hairs, almost all of which are black; sternopleura with fine

erect black hairs on upper third and with yellow hairs on lower part, 1-+-2 stPpl,

the posterior one very strong, the other two strong and subequal.

Fic. 105.—Dichaetomyia edwardsiana Emd., 3. Lateral view of thorax. h, hairs

on infraalar bulla; s, setulose hairs at metathoracic spiracle.

Abdomen subcircular-cordiform in outline, testaceous, the hind margins of

the basal 2 segments narrowly browned, the posterior part of the third—more

widely so towards median line—and the entire fourth segment with an irregular

piceous suffusion. Hair appressed on dorsum, longer and more erect at sides,

second and third segments each with a lateral discal and a few marginals

towards sides, fourth with 2-3 discals and marginals on either side (all the

abdominal setae lost in type).

Legs pale testaceous with piceous tarsi. Fore femora with 9 setae in the

d row, the last of them stronger and more widely separated from the others,

and 10-12 setae in the fd and fv rows, those of the latter rather long and

strong, fore tibiae without a p submedian seta, the fd and pv apical spurs

IT, 6 (aa*)

6096 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

subequal, somewhat shorter than the d spur; mid-femora with a row of longer,

half-erect av hairs, 4 pu setae in basal half, and a small ad and pd (almost d)

and a stronger pd and # preapical, mid-tibiae with 2 rather strong fd setae;

hind femora with about 15 ad, 9-10 rather long av, the last of which but one is

the strongest, about 12 rather long and fine pv, their length being about the

same as that of the av, and 2 (?) d and 1 fd preapical, hind tibiae with a very

small fd seta at almost two-thirds, a strong ad at middle, and a strong av

somewhat beyond it.

Wings greyish hyaline, veins brown with testaceous bases. 7, ending at

level of ym, the latter at three-fifths of discal cell, m—m rather strongly sigmoid

and oblique, 7,,; and m very slightly converging before apex, both gradually

and almost equally somewhat upcurved at apex. Calyptrae grey hyaline with

brown border and fringe, the lower one strongly projecting. Halteres dull

yellowish.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.JV.E.), 3 type.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) fumaria Stein

Spilogaster fumaria Stein 1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 35, 52.

Dichaetomyia fuscitibia Stein, Mall. 1921, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 421 (nec Stein).

Lophomala fumaria (Stein), Enderlein 1927, Konowia 6: 55.

Dichaetomyia pallens Curr. 1928, Bull. amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 57: 352.

Panaga pallens Curr. 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 20, 23.

Dichaetomyia fuscitibia (Stein), Curran, l.c. 17 (nec Stein).

UcGanpbaA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 5 3,3 2; Bwamba

Pass, west side, 6500-7500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (F.W.E.),

2 9.—Typical localities: SIERRA LEONE; of pallens Conco: Stanleyville. In

B.M. from ASHANTI: Obuasi.

The hind femora have a more or less complete row of fine av setae (less

complete and stronger in female), but in the Uganda specimens only 0-2 pu

setae are usually present, except for some fine ones near apex. One pair (Nam-

wamba Valley), however, has a rather complete row of fv setae, though only

two to three of them are distributed over basal half. In a few specimens some

minute black setulae can be seen on the postalar declivity. The coloration of

the abdomen is also variable, one of the Mobuku and the Bwamba specimen

having the dark colour reaching more towards base but less towards sides. The

coloration of the abdomen is often variable in Dichaetomyia and is probably

also influenced by post-mortem changes.

This species was identified as fuscitibia Stein by Malloch, but in that species

the tibiae are, according to Stein, dark brown, whereas in the specimens here

regarded as fumaria at most the hind tibiae are more or less infuscate testaceous.

The pra is rather long in fuscitibia (slightly longer than the second m/l), but

rather short in fwmaria, a difference which has been mentioned in Stein’s

descriptions. The size of fumaria is only 5:5-7-0 mm., that of fuscitibia g-10

MUSCIDAE 697

mm. The setae of the hind femora of fuwmaria are described approximately as

they are shown by the majority of the Uganda specimens, those of fuscitibia

as in the remaining Uganda and the Ashanti specimens. The real fuscitibia

Stein has been identified by Malloch (1g21, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 421) as

the Javanese apicalis Stein. The specimen is in the B.M. and is a Panaga,

which subgenus does not seem to occur in the Oriental region. The species has

been omitted from Malloch’s key to the species of Panaga (= Macroxanthomyia)

and is keyed out under Dichaetomyia s. str. in Curran’s paper.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) serena Stein

1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 54: 53; Curran 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit. 776: 21.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (7.W.E.), 1 2; Lake Nabugabo,

13.x1.34 (F.W.E.), 1 9; Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 g. KENYA:

Nairobi, Ngong Forest, 6500 ft., x.34 (F.W.E.), 1 9.—Typical localities:

TANGANYIKA: Langenburg (Lake Nyasa); of wmilineata: ANGOLA: Pungo

Andongo. Recorded from NataL: Umbilo; Weenen. NyasALAnp: Florence

Bay, Lake Nyasa; Zomba. KENYA: Tana River. UGANDA: Mauokota (all by

Malloch). TANGANYIKA: Moshi; Mto-ja-kifaru (Stein); Kilimanjaro (Speiser).

CAPE PROVINCE: Willowmore (Stein). In B.M. from most of these localities

and: Kenya: Nairobi, vii.30 (van Someren). TANGANYIKA: W. Kilimanjaro,

Murra, Killing, 7000 ft., 29.vi.32 (Miss M. Steele). N.W. RHODESIA: Kafue,

2Q9.Vilil.13, on dung (R. C. Wood); Chilanga, 2.ix.13, in house (R. C. Wood).

Seen from: UGANDA: Lira, 1.38 (H. Hargreaves). KENYA: Chyulu Hills, 5600 ft.,

v1.38 (Coryndon Mus. Exp.); Ngong, vi.36 (van Someren); Naivasha, vii.37

(H. J. A. Turner); Kiambu, 6.x and 16.vii.32 (H. C. James).

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) pilifemur Stein

1906, Berl. ent. Zeits. 51: 54.

n. syn. Dichaetomyia simillima Emden 1942, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 9: 682.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (F.W-.E.), 1 2; Kalinzu

Forest (T. H. E. Jackson), 1 9. Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop,

8000-9000 ft., x—1.xi.34 (F.W.E.), 1 3, 2 2, 8000 ft., x.34, cedar forest (F.W.E.),

I Q paratype of simillima, 13,000 ft., 28.x.34, on Senecio brassicaeformis or

aberdarica (J. Ford), 1 3; Katamayo, x.34, 8000 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 9; Mt. Elgon,

Forest Zone, 8500 ft., 11.35 (F.W.E.), 9 type of stmillima, 1 3, 1 2.—Typical

locality: TANGANYIKA: Langenburg, Lake Nyasa. Reported from Kilimanjaro

and Mt. Kenya (Stein, 1913, 1914). In B.M. from KENYA: Embu, 18.11.14 (G. Sé.

J.O. Browne); Chyulu Hills (Coryndon Mus. Exp.) ; Kajabe, vii.30 (van Someren) ;

Elburgon, iv.30 (R. E. Dent). Seen from Nairobi, viti.36 (A. FP. /. Gedye).

698 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

Two females from Kilimanjaro named Mydaea pilifemur Stein, by Stein

have the infraalar bulla bare and reveal that D. simillima Emd. (Fig. 106) does

not differ from the present species except by the bare infraalar bulla.

Fic. 106.—Dichaetomyia pilifemuy Stein, 2. Lateral view of thorax.

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) fasciventris Mall.

1930, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 5: 476.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 2 g, 1 2; Mpanga Forest,

ca. 4000 ft. (F.W.E.), 1g; Fort Portal, 4.xii.34 (F.W.E.), 12. Typical localities:

S. NiGERIA: Oshogbo and [esha (see under nigripalpis). In B.M. from Oshogbo

(type). ASHANTI: Obuasi (W. MM. Graham), in one specimen the wings are very

distinctly clouded, but the abdominal coloration is very typical. SIERRA

LEONE: Njala (E. Hargreaves). UGANDA: Nyakasura (J. F. Shillito). Supan:

Loti (Miss M. Steele). Seen from: UGANDA: Bugomolo (H. Hargreaves).

The Kilembe males have but 2 setae on the fv surface of the hind femora,

the last 2 visible abdominal segments piceous black but for a narrow pale

basal band on the third segment, and the wings conspicuously infuscated.

They are, therefore, intermediate between typical fasciventris and typical celosia

Mall., but both these forms are very variable in all these characters, and I find

it impossible clearly to distinguish them. As transitions occur at various widely

separated localities, this and the following species are either identical or

compound species. I have also tried to include the specimens with 2 strong

MUSCIDAE 699

pv setae on the hind femora in nigripalpis, but the result was still less satisfying.

Specimens with infuscated wings usually have the mesonotum more or less

infuscated like nigripalpis var. dorsalis Mall.

From the ovipositor of the Fort Portal female an egg is widely protruding:

it is large and provided with conspicuous flanges, as described by Malloch for

another specimen of this species which, according to my key, would be the next

species (Malloch, 1930, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 5: 479).

Dichaetomyia (Panaga) nigripalpis Stein

1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 496.

Dichaetomyia (Macroxanthomyia) celosia Mall. 1930, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 5: 477.

Dichaetomyia (M.) obscuritaysis Mall., 1.c.: 476.

Dichaetomyia (M.) celosia var. dorsalis Mall., l.c.: 477.

UcanpbA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 $; Namwamba Valley,

6500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 §.—Typical localities: TANGANYIKA: Kibosho, Arusha-Ju;

ASHANTI: Obuasi; of celosia: S. RHODESIA: Umtali. S. NIGERIA: Oshogbo; of

dorsalis: UGANDA: Kampala; of obscuritarsis: S. NIGERIA: Oshogbo; ? UGANDA:

Kampala.—In B.M. from Umtali (type of celosta), Oshogbo, S. NicErRt1A: Ilesha,

23.Vil.10, in house (L. E. H. Humfrey) with only one seta on hind femora, but no

doubt Malloch’s paratype of fasciventris, though not labelled as such. S.

RuHopEs!A: Chirinda Forest (D. Odendaal), Mt. Chirinda (C. fF. M. Swynnerton).

NYASALAND: Mt. Mlanje (S. A. Neave). AByssInIA. Seen from: SIERRA

LEONE: Njala (E. Hargreaves).

The Kilembe specimen has some black setulae below the lower calyptra,

thus corresponding to f. obscuritarsis; it is rather teneral. The Namwamba

male has the mesonotum strongly infuscated and may be called var. dorsalis

Mall. As Stein does not mention the pv setae of the hind femora while describing

the av ones, it may be assumed that the former are weakly developed, but the

less typical specimens of fasciventris, e.g. those from Ashanti, can, of course,

also be identified nigripalpis from Stein’s description. Broadly speaking, the

West African specimens are more typical fasciventyis with more distinct pu setae

on the hind femora (but some Sudan and Ruwenzori specimens have a very

well-developed fu row), more clearly defined and less broad marginal bands of

the last abdominal segments (but in the Ashanti specimens these bands are

very broad and occupy almost the entire length of the segment), and pale wings

which are at most clouded along 7,3 (but in some of the eastern specimens the

wings are not or indistinctly clouded).

Pyrellina bicolor Stein

1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 187.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (7.W.E.), 1 2°.—Typical locality:

UGANDA: Mujenje.—Seen from UGANDA: Lira, 1.38 (H. Hargreaves).

700 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The absence of any whitish dust and the strong purplish reflections of the

mesonotum in combination with the presence of only 2 dc in front of scutellum

make it certain that this is Morellia bicolor Stein. The mid-tibiae have 3 p and

1 strong pu seta. Stein, in his key to the Muscid genera of the world (1919,

Arch. Naturg. 83 A 1 (1917): 89) did not use this seta but the not-metallic

colour of the abdomen for defining Morellia from Pyrellia. The shape of the

lower calyptra is not mentioned in his description. Morellia abdominalis, which

was described by Stein in the same paper and which is similarly coloured, but

with a dusted vitta, is a true Morellia, of which a number of specimens from

Uganda, Kenya and Nyasaland are in the B.M. A third species with a similar

coloration is Pyrellia inventrix Walk. It cannot be referred to Morellia bicolor

Stein, as the 2+-4 strong dc and the pale hind legs do not fit Stein’s description

(of bicolor as well as of abdominalis).

Pyrellina distincta Walk.

Pyyvellia distincta Walk. 1852, Dipt. Saund: 340.

Pyrellina wnicoloy Mall. 1923, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 12: 526.

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 4500 ft. (F.W.E.), 1 9.—Typical

localities:. SENEGAL?; of wiicolor: GoLtp Coast: Aburi. Recorded from S.

RHODESIA (Cuthbertson). In B.M. from typical localities. S. NIGERIA: Ibadan.

UcanpA: Kampala, 17.x1.15 (C. C. Gowdey) ; Nkosi I., Lake Victoria, 25-27.v.28

(G. D. H. Carpenter). NATAL. Seen from: UGANDA (D. Bruce) ; Entebbe, vi.o4,

on window of laboratory (E. O. W. Greig); Bwamba Country, 1938 (J. O.

Harper). KeNyA: Shimba Hills, 1000 ft., vii.39.

One of the Uganda specimens has only a single setula on 7, on both sides.

Pyrellina versatilis Villen.

1916, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 85: 145.

UGanDA: Kigezi District, Mt. Sabinio, goo0-10,000 ft., 25.xi.34 (F.W.E.),

1 9.—Typical locality: Ruwenzori, 2300 m. In B.M. from Ruwenzori, 10,000 ft.,

15.vi.11 (C. C. Gowdey).

The second fd seta near the base of the hind tibiae and the divided dark

vittae (or 5 pale-dusted vittae) of the thorax distinguish versatilis at once from

the other species.

MUSCIDAE 701

CORRIGENDA; AND ADDENDA TO THE PRECEDING TWO PARTS

OF MUSCIDAE

(this volume, pp. 49-89 and 91—255)

. 52 paragraph 1o of the key: delete ‘‘ Hind tibiae . . . setae’’ because of Grapho-

mya mallochi Emd.

. 53 Ochromusca trifavria Big. (= setigera Mall.) (n. syn.). Phumosia trifavia Big.

1878, Ann. Soc. ent. Ir. (5) 8: 32. Ochvomusca Mall. (= Pseudobengalia

End. 1935) (n.syn.). O. tvifavia Big. (= Pseudobengalia auchmeromytina

End. 1935, S. B. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1985: 239) (n. syn.). The species is a

parasite of snails of the genus Achatina (Emden 1949, Proc. R. ent.

Soc. London (C) 14: 31).

54 paragraph 3 of the key, delete “‘ewstolia Walk.’’ and insert:

3a (3b) RR, wide at apex, as wide as the upcurved part of m is long.

eustolia Walk.

3b (3a) R, narrow at apex, a third to a quarter as wide as the

upcurved part of m is long . ; . schoutedeni Villen.

.57 Graphomyia eustolia Wallk., line 4, delete ‘17.viil.’’, line 7, delete “r1’’ and

the last locality, these specimens being G. schoutedeni Villen, (1939, Bull.

Mus. n. Hist. nat. Belg. 15, 48: 8).

. 67 (Commosia End. =) Lasiopyrellia Villen. 1913 with genotype cyanea F.

(= peroni R.-D.).

Orthellia (distincta Villen.) =(Pyvrellia) avctifrons Stein (type seen) (n. syn.).

68 Orthellia aureopyga Mall., the Katamayo specimens and the Butandiga male

are maculisquama Villen.

. 71 last two lines, the locality GaBon for nigrocincta Big. belongs to nudissima

Loew.

. 73 Orthellia (peront R.-D. =) cyanea F. The actual type is no doubt the Copen-

hagen specimen studied by Townsend with the locality Cape, not the

specimen in the Banks collection (see Aubertin 1931, Proc. zool. Soc.

Lond. 1981: 502; Townsend 1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 8: 369). The

Madagascan Lucilia (Hemipyrellia) cyanea ¥. of Aubertin, not Fabricius,

becomes therefore L. byunnipes Macq. (= pseudofabriciana End. 1935,

n. syn.).

>». 78-79 in paragraphs 24 and 27 add “ Anterior’’ in front of the first word, and

PP- 79-76 paragray 4 7

read m—m instead of ym.

80 in paragraph 38, last line, after “‘segment”’ insert “in Q”’.

89 Stomoxys ochvosoma Speis., the first page-number should be ‘‘535’’ instead

@i 5)

107 Below the last line of the page insert the following paragraph as an alterna

tive to the two lines ending in “‘[astey sp. n. Q], p. 117”":

The paired subtriangular spots of the abdominal segments 2—4 dark

brown,and very conspicuous. : . conigera sp. n. 9, p. 118

110 Instead of paragraph 73 (64), read 73 (66).

183 Add to the localities: Aberdares, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., x.34 (J. Ford),

t large 2; Mt. Elgon, Mutangi, 11,500 ft., vii.34 (J. Ford), t 3 without

abdomen.

pp. 186 and 189 The Natal specimen, on which the characters of the key are based,

is not attenuata Stein, but a probably new species, the description ot

702

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

which must be postponed, until the male becomes available. In the

meantime I have seen several series of the palaearctic Caricea attenuata

Stein and can confirm Stein’s description of the unusual difference in

the coloration of the sexes. The female of attenuata would be traced to

cuvvinervis Emd., with which it tallies in the first character only of the

key, the others being as in humilis multimaculata Ad., whilst the male

comes under paragraph 7 (4) on p. 186. It differs from all the species

keyed out there by entirely pale femora.

p. 208 Add to the localities of C. calopoda Bezzi: ‘‘ Ruwenzori, Nyamgasani Valley,

8000-9000 ft. (D. R. Buxton), 1 9’, and at the end of the paragraph

“Hind femora with two pd preapicals, which are very distinct in female

though sometimes more or less indistinct in male’’.

p- 236 after “‘diameter’’ on the second line of paragraph 17 (18) insert:

“t7a (17b) Fore tibiae with an additional (postero-subdorsal)

preapical, level with the d preapical (thus with five setae

near and at apex). The last section of m longer than the last

but one, even in female.”

and after “‘[megalopterva sp. n.]’’ insert:

“17b (17a) Fore tibiae without an additional preapical (thus with

only four setae near and at apex). The last two sections of m

subequal in female. Frons less dilated, the parafrontalia

more broadly pale dusted. Calyptrae of normal size (?, 3

unknown) : : j : : : . abyssinica Emd.

(1941, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 8: 229).”

p. 236 in paragraph 18 (17), after “‘short-plumose”’ insert a note to the effect that

C. setalis Emd. (p. 177) should be compared, if a fly with a long-plumose

arista is traced to this paragraph.

p. 246 Add to the localities: “‘Budongo Forest, 7.11.35 (F.W.E.), 1 2”.

p. 248 Through the courtesy of Dr. F. Snyder I have now been able to study the

genus Phyllogaster. It has only one pair of reclinate frontal setae, and

the hind tibiae have two pd, so that it is not closely related to any of the

Ethiopian genera, in which these two characters exclude each other.

p- 390 In view of Dr. F. M. Snyder’s studies on Ethiopian Muscidae he was supplied

with a set of the galley proofs of this Report, the first of which reached

me in May 1949, a year after submission of the manuscript. As a result

he was good enough to send some additional material of some of the new

species. This was checked with the keys and descriptions, before the

page proofs were returned to the printers. The necessary alterations have

been made in the proofs, so as to enable these specimens to rank as

paratypes, but in the case of Limnophora quadristriata sp. n. the altera-

tions would have necessitated a rearrangement of the page proofs. The

following addition to p. 390-1 is therefore inserted here:

Dr. F. M. Snyder submitted 1g and 59 identified by him from the

galleys of the present paper as Limnophora quadristriata sp. n. As the

identification was found to be correct, and as the two original specimens

are incomplete females, these are designated as paratypes like Dr.

Snyder’s females, whilst Dr. Snyder’s male, which he has very generously

presented to the B.M., is herewith chosen as the type. The following

modifications and additions become necessary, whilst the key on p. 381

has been altered to fit all the typical specimens.

MUSCIDAE 703

The thorax pattern is sometimes less strongly developed and partly

faded, and the spot of the fourth abdominal segment tends to become

reduced to an ovate discal marking.

Head one-half (3) or one-third (Q) higher than long, trapezoidal,

reminiscent of Atherigona, occiput moderately and evenly convex, face

straight in profile and hardly shorter than occiput, frontal and _ peri-

stomal profiles almost straight, slightly converging anteriorly; the

anterior part of the peristomal profile obliquely truncate to the vibrissal

angles. Frons three-sevenths head-width, hardly dilated forward, inter-

frontalia fuscous-black, broad, distinctly narrowed forward, frontal

triangle large and with somewhat convex sides, reaching lunula, the

anterior half, however, fuscous dusted and therefore not much contrast-

ing with the interfrontalia, which are at middle 6-7 times as wide as

a parafrontale; the latter with 2 moderately strong inclinate setae, and

a few setulae (both inclinate and proclinate) and 1 moderately strong

inclinate seta. Ocellars and inner verticals strong, outer verticals

shorter. Face of equal width or even slightly narrowed from lunula to

below middle, slightly dilated to lower end; parafacialia in male not, in

female slightly, wider than base of arista, less than a quarter, jowls

about two-thirds, the width of the third antennal segment. The latter

very long, almost 4 (3) or 3 (2) times as long as the second, almost

reaching mouth-margin; arista slender and long, basal third somewhat

incrassate, short-pubescent, longest hairs shorter than its basal diameter.

Propleural and prostigmatal sometimes quite stong. Abdomen of

male ovate-cordate, rounded at apex, strongly convex, basal part some-

what wider than high, but apical part higher than wide, somewhat

compressed ; fourth tergite extending farther caudad in ventral part where

it is half as long again as on median line, enveloping the latero-ventral

parts of the fifth tergite and of the hypopygium; both these only slightly

shorter than the median part of the fourth segment; anterior three

segments strongly shortened ventrally; fourth ventrite broad and

convex with a broadly rounded apical excision; tergites without marginal

setae, except at sides.

In the male and some females 7, exceeds slightly level of y-m.

Legs as described on p. 391, but in the male the mid tibia is pale

testaceous, the two first segments of the mid tarsi creamy yellow and

greatly elongated, almost filiform, first segment twice as long as second

and three-quarters the length of the tibia; the other three segments

contrasting fuscous-black and very short and broad, together not longer

than the second, fifth segment as long as wide.

LIBERIA: Robertsport, 19.xi.43 (I’. Snyder), $ type (presented to B.M.),

2 2 paratypes (returned to Dr. Snyder), 10.xii.43, 1 Q paratype and 22.11.42,

I 9 paratype (presented to B.M.),14.ii.42, 1 9 paratype (returned to Dr. Snyder).

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES AND

SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

The page numbers refer to fascicles 3, 4, and 6 of the present volume, unless they are

preceded by ‘A’ or ‘B’, which indicate the three preliminary reports, page numbers A 73-101

referring to Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 10 (1943), A 673-736 to Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 9

(1942), and B 251-75 to Bull. ent. Res. 32 (1941).

abdominalis Emd., B 262,

B. 263

abnormis Stein, 674, 675,

A 88

abyssinica Emd. Car., 702

abyssinica Emd. Hyd., A 82

abyssinica Emd. Limn., 385,

421

abyssinica

B 261

acromiata Speis., 243

aculeipes Stein, 387, 436

acuta Stein, 520, 541

acuticeps Emd., 493, 503

abdominalis Stein, 700

aberrans Mall., 104

adiscalis Ség., A 89

aequivitta-Emd., 196, 198

aethiopica Curr., 672, A 89

Aethiopomyia, 52

afra Curr., B 271

africa Curr., 145, 157

africana Mall. Brev., 246

africana Mall. Emm.,

B 259

africana Mall. Hel., 614, 616

africana’ Ség. Eust., 356,

B 264.

africana Ség. Hel., 625

alata Beck., 335, B 254

alba Emd. Car., 198,.206

alba Mall. Musca, 74, 79

albibasis Stein, 440

albicoxa Stein, 234, 237

albigena Stein, 71

albina Wied., 77

albipila Stein, 157

albisquama Emd., 223, 224,

Jaenn.. Anth.,

349;

233

albitarsis Stein, 396

albivitta Stein, 693, A 677,

A 684

albocuprea Vill., 65

albomaculata Macq., 74

alemella Ség., 242, 243

Alluaudinella, 52

alpesa Walk. Musca, 81

ambigua Stein, 374, B 270

Amicitia, 97, 248

amoena Macq., 353, B 261

amputatofasciata Ksch., 56

Anacanthiptera, 517, 538

Anaclysta, 52, 487, 488, 490,

491

Anacrostichia End., 67

analis Curr. Orth., 68

analis Stein Dich., A 680

Anaphalantus, 96

anax Speis., A 679

andersoni Mall. HylL.,

304, B 266

andersoni Mall. Limn., 432

Andersonia, 143

Andersonosia, 96, 143, 507

angustifrons Stein Car., 176

angustifrons Thoms. Mus., 74

angustigena Emd., 385, 419

annulipes Stein, A go, A 96

annulitarsis Stein, 440, 441

anorufa Villen., 65, A 735

358,

Anthocoena, 335, B= 255,

B 257

Antholimna, 339, B= 255,

B 257

Anthomyia, B 256, B 260

anthomyiina Emd., 627, 632

Anthomyiinae, 335, B 252,

B 255

anthrax Meig. Oph., A 86

anthrax Stein, 518, 521, 529,

681

apicalis Stein Dich., 697

apicalis Stein of Mall., A 685.

arambourgi Ség., 357, B 265

arctifrons Stein, 701

arcuata Stein, 381

arcuatofasciata Ksch., 55

argentescens Emd., 223, 224,

234

argentipes Emd., 222, 224

arguta Karsch, A 678

aristalis Emd., 196, 201

armipes Beck., 374, B 269

aseta Emd., 159, 194

aster md. 107, T7701

Atherigona, 96, 97

Athiplanomyia, 53

atra Mall. Xenomyia, 493, 502

atroapicata Mall., 197, 202

attenuata Stein, 186, 189, 701

attenuicornis Mall., 212, 214

auchmeromylina End., 7o1

aurantiaca Villen., 70

auranticornis Emd., 518, 534

aurantipalpis Emd., 620

aurata Mall., 54

aureonigra Ség., 655, 658

aureopyga Mall., 68, 69, 7or

aurifacies Emd. Ath., 110,

136

aurifacies Emd. Coen., 145,

146

aurisquama Emd., 365, B 267

australis Mall., 97

autumnalis Deg., 80

azelina Ség., 440, 441

azurescens Emd., 493, 505

babaulti Ség., 375, B 274

barbipes Stein, B 272

basichaeta Emd., 522, 569

bedfordi Emd., 107, 120

benguellae Mall., 353, B 261

bequaerti Curr. Car., 196

bequaerti Curr. Hel., 524, 588

bequaerti Curr. Pha., 672,

675, A 88

bequaerti Villen. Orth., 67, 72

bicolor Stein, 699, A 735

bicoloripes Emd., 644, 649

bifasciata Ric., 473

biguttata Emd., 447, 462

bilineata Griinb., 86

bimaculata Stein Ath., 106,

116

bimaculata Stein Orth., 71

binubila Emd., 111, 138

Biomyia, 74-7

bipila Emd., 157, 175

bipunctata Ség., B 270

NAMES AND

bisciliata Emd., 358, B 266

biseta Stein Lis., B 270

biseta Stein Pha., 672, A 87

bispina Emd., 492, 493, 499

bistriata Stein, 408, 409

bivittata Stein, 374

bonnarius Curr., 66

Brevicosta, 97, 246

Brontaea, 490

brunneifacies Curr., 221, 22

brunneigena Emd., 146, 149

brunneivitta Emd., 473, 488

brunneivittis Emd., 673, A 88

brunnescens Emd., 521, 548

brunnipes Griinb., 87

budongoana Emd., 109, 131

burunga Curr., 198, 204

bwambae Emd., 620, 622

bwambana Emd., 386, 427

caesioides Bezzi, 519, 535

callosa Stein, 518, 521

calopoda Bezzi, 198, 208, 702

calopoda-group, 159, 196

calyptrata Emd., 494, 500

Calythea, B 255

Camptotarsopoda, 380, 439

Camptotarsus, 439

canache Walk., 474.

candicans Kow., B 269

canicularis L., B 275

canifrons Stein, 223, 224, 230

capensis Curr, Pha., 672, A 88

capensis Mall. Hyl., B 265

capensis R.-D., Scat., 335,

B 254

capensis Rond. Dim., 655

capensis Wied. Oph., A 86

Caricea, 96, 154

castanea Curr., 628, 636

celosia Mall., 699

Chaetolispa, B 272

chaetomeros Emd., 223, 224,

230

chalcogaster Wied., A 86

Chaulioestrus, A 673

Chelisia, 94, 95, 330

chrysopyga Emd., 68

chrysotelus Walk., A 735

chyuluana Iimd., 165, 169

cilicrura Rond., 358, B 266

cilitarsis Loew, B 272

ciliventris Emd., 212, 215

cinarina Ség., 108

Cleigastra, B 253

Cobboldiinae, A 673

cockerelli Emd., 627, 628

Coenosia, 96, 145, 567

coenosides. Emd., 447, 468

coenosiformis Emd., 521, 522,

564

Coenosiinae, 91, B 253

II, 6 (bb)

colorata Curr., 165, 175

Commosia End., 67, 701

concholamellata Emd., 524,

586, 591

conducens Walk., 79, 83

conformis Curr., 681, A 679

coniformis Stein Hel., 520,

541, 645

conigera Emd., 107, 118, 701

connexa Emd., 55, 57

convergens Emd., 683, A 677

costalis Stein, 519

costata Meig., 247

crassirostris Emd.

A 685, A 723

crassirostris Stein Mus., 79

crinitarsis Emd., 526, 605

cubitalis Emd., 181

curvinervis Emd., 177, 179,

702

curvitibia Stein, 60

cuthbertsoni Curr. Car., 196,

201

cuthbertsoni Curr. Hel., 625

cuthbertsoni Curr. Pha., 672,

A 89

cuthbertsoni Emd.

A 685, A 721 :

cuthbertsoni Patt. Mus., 74,

Dich.,

cuthbertsoni Snyd. Myd., 644,

651

cyanea F., 701

cyclophthalma Thoms., 157

dasyops Stein, 74, 75, 77, 82

debilis Stein, 517, 620

deceptiva Emd., A 683, A 697

defectiva Emd., A 682, A 687,

A 695

Gesjardinsi Macq., 473

devia Curr., 681, A 681, A 691

devittata Emd., 526, 603

dichaeta Stein, B 272

Dichaetomyia, A 676, A 677

Dichaetomyiini, 377, 679

dichoptica Emd., 446, 451

Didierimyia, 655, 658, 660

diluta Stein, 222

Dimorphia, 516, 655

distanti Mall., A 687

distincta Villen, Orth., 67, 701

distincta Walk. Pyr., 700,

A 735

distitarsalis Emd., 165, 167

divergens Stein, 103

domestica L., 74, 76, 78, 82

dorsalis Mall. Dich., 699

dorsalis Roser Span., 247

dorsalis Stein Hel., 614, 616

draperi Ség., B 268

dubia Mall., 70

SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

-cliponeura,

B 257

edwardsi I-emd. Car., 165, 171

edwardsi Emd. Mor., 63

edwardsi Emd. Pha.,

A or

edwardsi Emd. Xen., 494, 511

edwardsiana Emd. Dich., 694

A 685

edwardsiana md. Hel., 524,

587, 593

edwardsiana IXmd. Hyd., 660,

A 79

edwardsiana Emd. Hyl., 371,

B 268

Eginiinae, A 673

elatior Villen., 81, 84

elgonensis Ség., 543

elgonia Emd., 339, B 257

elgonica Emd., 384, 412

Emmesomyia, 343-52, B 256,

B 258

Emusca, 75 -

ephippium Emd., 382, 391

Eremomyia, 367

ethelia Curr. Car., 194

ethelia Curr. Grau.,

A 676

Eulimnophora, 487

Eumusca, 75, 76, 79

eurymetopa Emd. Hyl., :360,

B 268

eurymetopa Emd. Lim., 388

436

Euryomma, B 273, B 274

Euspilaria, 515, 613-18

Eustalomyia, B 256, B 264

eustolia Walk., 54, 57, 701

euzona Bez., 473

evanescens Stein, A 678

excisa Emd. Limn., 382, 384,

409

excisa Thoms. Ath., 105

exigua Stein, 187, 194

Br 256;

341,

676,

679,

fallax Stein, 235

Fannia, 374, B 274

Fanniinae, 374, B 252, B 273

Fanniosoma, 375

fasciata Emd. Proh., 442, 443

fasciata Jaen. Hel., 520, 543

fasciata Stein Cal., B 255

fasciata Stein. Fan., 376,

B 274

fasciata Stein Hyd., 664,

A 81

fasciata Stein Mus., 79

fasciata Walk. Anth., B 260,

B 261

fasciculifera Stein, A 685

fascigera Stein Car., 236, 238

fascigera Stein Emm., B 250

706 NAMES

fascigera Stein Gymn., 471,

480

fasciventris Mall. Dich., 400,

608, A 688

fasciventris Mall. Graph., 55

femorata Curr. Mor., 63

femorata Stein Hyd.,

A 80

ferruginea Emd., 107, 116

ferrugineicollis Emd., 522,

572

flavescens Stein 472, 487

flavibasis Stein Hyl., B 265

flavibasis Stein Limn., 383,

406-8

flavicalyptrata Macq., 70

flavicornis Macq. Dim., 655,

658

flavicornis Stein Pha., A 88

flavicoxa Stein, 103

flavida Mall. Dich., A 677

flavida Mall. Stom., 89

flavipalpis Stein, A 678

flavipes Ad. Car., 194

flavipes Stein Lis., B 269

flavisquama Emd., 471, 475 -

flavitarsis Emd. Hel., 523,

584

flavitarsis Stein Gymn., 470

flavithorax Mall., 657, 658

flavitibia Emd., 523, 583

flavivibrissata Stein, 186

flexa Wied., 487, 488

fordi Emd., 146, 151

fruticosa Stein, 375, B 274

Fucellia, B 256

fulgens Stein, 655

filleborni End., 70

fulvitarsus Snyder, 374

fumaria Stein, 409, 696, A 687

fumifera Walk., A 81

fumipennis Stein Car., 220

fumipennis Stein of Mall.,

210

fumipennis Stein Dich., 517,

681

fumisquama Stein, 221, 222,

663,

224, 228

fuscibasis Emd. Hel., 521,

546, 550 ;

fuscibasis Emd. Limn., 385,

421

fuscicornis Emd., 628, 636

fuscifemur Mall. Car., 165, 169

fuscitibia Stein Dich., 6096,

A 685

fuscitibia Stein of Mall., A 687

fusciventris Emd. Gymn.,

472, 482

fusciventris Mall. Dim., 655

fuscoapicata Mall., 615

fuscohalterata [émd.

518, 527

Hel.,

AND SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

fuscohalterata Emd. Limn.,

382, 392

fuscorufa Mall., 617

fuscotriangulata E-md., 447,

466

gabonensis Macq., 81, 84

Gastrophilinae, 93, A 673

geniculata Stein, 640, 644,

646

geniseta Stein, 374

gentilis R.-D., 470, 473

gibbinsi Emd. Car., 222, 227

gibbinsi Emd. Dich., A 679

A 688 :

gibsoni Patt., 75

gigas Beck. Coen., 157

gigas Stein Aeth., A 678

gilvicornis Emd. Car., 186,

189

gilvicornis Emd. Dich., A 687,

A 728

gilvicornis [Eemd. Spil., 447,

465

gilvicoxa Emd., 187, 192

gilvifolia Emd., ro9, 125

gilvifrons Emd., 446, 448

gracilicornis Emd., 447, 463

gracilior Emd., 523, 577

gracilipes Emd., 164, 165

Graphomuscina, 53

Graphomyia, 52, 54

graueri Curr. Coen., 157

graueri Curr. Dich., A 686

Graueria, 377, 660, 670,

A 675, A 676

griseiventris.Emd., 111, 140

griseobasis Mall., 352, B 260

griseopunctata Mall., 351,

354, B 264

guttata Emd., 355, B 264

guttiventris Emd., A ot,

A 96

Gymnodia, 380, 468-91

Gyrostigminae, A 673

hancocki Emd.,

113

haplopyga Emd., 106, 114

hargreavesi Emd., 236, 239

hargreavesorum Iimd., 681,

A 688, A 732

Hebecnema, 515, 516, 618-27

Helina, 446, 515, 516, 643

Helinella, 516, 627-40

hervei Villen., 75

heterocnemis Emd., 146, 148

heteromma Emd., 620, 624

hippelates Emd., 183

hirtibasis Big., 492,

B 268

106, Itt,

497,

hirtipes Macq., 527, 544, 546,

610 ~

hirtitibia Mall., 60

hirtiventris Mall., 526, 605

hottentota Big. Xen., 497,

B 268

hottentotta Macq. Scat., 335,

B 254

humeralis Curr. Dim., 655

humeralis Stein Coen., 243

humeralis Wied. Ath., 103

humilis Meig., 177, 179

humilis-group, 158, 176

hyalinipennis Emd., 235, 237

Hydrotaea, 660-72, A 76,

A 77

Hylemyia, 357, B 256, B 264

hypopygialis Emd., 521, 523,

524, 593

icterica Ség., 519, 538

Idiopygus, 517

ignobilis Mall. Rhod., 349,

B 258

ignobilis Stein Emm., 340,

B 258, B 259

imbrida Rond., 353

immaculata Stein, 103

immaculiventris Mall., A 684

inaequivitta Mall., 196

inanis Stein, 177

indica Mall., 108, 125

inferior Curr. Hel., 638

inferior Stein Musca, 75

inflata Tns., 70

infuscata Emd., 108, 110, 123

inornata Griinb., 86

insignis Emd. Amic., 249, 254

insignis Stein Peg.,

B 262

integrifemur Emd., 105, rit

intensa Mall., 364, B 267

interrupta Walk., 77, 82

intraalaris Emd., 522, 570

inventrix Walk., 700, A 736

inversa Wied., 157

irvingi Curr., B 271

jeanneli Ség., 663, A 80

Jeanneliotinae, 491

Jeanneliotis, 491

juxtamedialis Emd., 518, 530

kigeziana Emd., 360, B 266

kilembana Emd., 212, 216

kinangopana Emd. Car., 212,

218

kinangopana Emd. Limn.,

387, 434 :

kowarzi Beck., 374, B 260

NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

laevigata Loew, 106, 113

lanipes Emd. Car., 197, 203

lasiopa Emd. Hel., 515, 521,

556

lasiopa Villen. Mus., 77, 80

lasiophthalma Mall. Orth.,

69, 70

lasiophthalma Thoms. Musca,

Lasiopyrellia, 701

latevittata Big., 655

latifascia Emd., 446, 455

latifrons Ad. Hel., 540

latifrons Mall. Dich., 681,

686, A 677, A 681

latifrons Mall. Dim., 655, 657

latifrons Snyd. Orom., 376

latilamellata Mall., 387, 436

latitarsis Emd., 667, A 83

lativentris Stein, A 678

laxifrons Curr., 157

lenta Curr., 518, 532

leopoldi Curr., 203

lepelleyi Emd., A 92, A 99

leptopus Emd., 382, 390

leucomelas Wied., 56, 60

leucorhina Big:, 681

leucospila Wied., B 271

leucosticta Meig., B 275

liberia Curr., 681, A

A 681, A 691

limbata Villen., 70

limbipennis Curr., 681, 693,

A 684

Limnophora, 379, 380-439

Limnophorini, 377, 378-514

lineata Ad. Ath., 110, 137

lineata Stein Dich., 681,

A 680

Lispacoenosia, 334, 374

Lispe, 330, 496, 497, B 268

Lispinae, 373, B 252, B 268

Lispocephala, 95, 97, 245

lispoides Emd., 446, 449

Lissosterna, 74, 77

lobata Stein, 242

lobilamellata Emd., 522, 525,

599

longiciliata Emd., 661, A 79

longicollis Meig., B 272

longicornis Macq., B 254

longifolia Imd., 109, 130

longipes Emd., 346, B 258

longipila Stein Gymn., 473,

490

longipila Stein Hyd., A 80

longiseta [md. Limn., 387,

680,

Toneieeta Iemd. Mor., 60

longiseta Stein Car., 185

longitarsis Eemd. Hyd., 664,

A 82 :

longitarsis Stein of Mall., 1890

longiventris Emd., 198, 205

longivittata Emd,, 525, 602

Lophomala, 696, A 677

lucens Emd., 249, 252

lucida Stein, 520, 543

lucidula Loew, 78

lucorum FIn., 516, 614

lusoria Wied., 75, 80

luteiventris Mall. Gra., 56

luteiventris Rond. Peg., B 263

luteola Villen., 89

macfiei Emd. Lispe, 374,

B 272

macfiei Mall. Dich., A 680,

A 690

macfiei Mall. Limn., 408

macrochaeta Emd., 222, 225

macrophthalma Emd., 383,

400

Macroxanthomyia, 697, A 678

maculata Scop. Gra., 56, 60

maculata Stein Lispe, B 271

maculinervis Mall., 645, 652

maculipennis Emd. Anth.,

336, B 257

maculipennis Stein Ath., 105

maculiseta Snyd., 644, 649

maculisquama Villen., 701

maculithorax Stein Emm.,

344, B 259

maculithorax Stein Hyd., A 81

maculithorax Stein of Curr.,

A 82

maculiventris

A 684

maculiventris Mall. Myd., 652

magnifica Mall., A 90

magnipalpis Stein, 103

major Curr., 525, 601

majuscula md. Limn., 387,

432

majuscula Emd. Pha., 672,

678

mallochi Emd. Dich., A 684

mallochi Emd. Graph., 56,

Mall. Dich.,

7O1

mallochiana Emd. Hel., 520,

544, 610

mallochiana I[émd. Limn.,

384, 418

mammifera Emd., 527, 610

marginifolia Emd., 108, 122

marshalli Emd. Iemm., 350,

B 260

marshalli Mall. Gymn., 472

maura Stein, 628

mediocris Stein, 681, 693

mediorufa I[md.,

559

meditabunda F*., 644, 647

megalocalyptra Iemd., 236

Onno 2

TOME

megaloptera Emd., 702

melanota Emd., 385, 420

melichros Ség. Pha., 674

Melinia, 364

melliventris Mall., A 78

merdaria F., 335

merdivora R.-D., 334, B 255

. mervinia Walk., 471, 475

metatarsalis Emd., 526, 527,

610

metatarsata Stein, 367, B 267

mgahingana E-md., 159, 210

micans Stein, 349, B 259

Microcalyptra, 91, 95, 96, 143

microcalyptra Emd., 146, 150

miki Strobl, 246

minor Mall., 63

minutissima Ség., 473

miochaeta Speis., B 272

mirabilis Stein, 527, 610

mitis Curr., 65

modesta Emd. Amic., 249

modesta Stein Hyl., B 265,

B 268

modesta Stein Lispe, B 272

mollis Stein Hel., 614, 616

mollis Stein Spil., A 679

monochaeta Emd., 522, 562

monospila Emd., 472, 480

Morellia, 53, 60

morio E-md., 159, 220

morops Ség., 157

mulcata G.T., 615

multimaculata Ad., 17

multiplicata Stein, 543

multisetosa Iemd., 222, 223,

229

munroi Curr. Car., 187

munroi Curr. Dich., 681, 697,

A 683

munroi Curr. Hel., 637,

072

munroi Curr. Pha., 637, 635,

A 89

munroi Patt. Musca, 81

Musca, 53, 73-84

Muscina, A 74-7

Muscinae, 51, B 253

muscinoides I-md., A go, A 62

Mydaea, 516, 643-52

mydaea Ség., 53

Mydaeini, 377, 515-060

Mydhelina, 515, 516, 640

Myiospila, 516, 644, 646-52

naivashensis Emd., 525, 597

namwambae Iemd., 223, 224,

232

nana Curr. Pyr., 66

nana Macq. Lispe, B 270

natalensis Villen., 81

natalia Mall. Car., 197

708

natalia Mall. Emm., B 259

natalica Emd., 488

neavei Emd., A 681, A 691

Neaveia, 681, A 676, A 736,

A 680

nebulosa Emd., A 686, A 725

nemoralis Stein, 614, 615

neo Mall., B 270

Neodexiopsis, 156, 165

Neomuscina, 377, 510

nestor Curr., 235

nialana Emd., 681, A 688,

A 734

nigra Macq., 85, 86

nigribasis Stein, A 79

nigricornis Mall., 655

nigripalpis Stein Ath., 103

nigripalpis Stein Dich., 409,

699, A 688

nigripes Stein, 103

nigrisquama Stein

472, 480

nigrisquama Stein Oph., A 86

nigrithorax Stein Ath., 111

nigrithorax Stein Hel., 627

nigritibia Emd., 159, 208

nigrocincta Big., 71, 701

nigrolutea Mall., 349, B 259

nigromarginata Stein, A 86

nilotica Stein, 63

nitida Emd. Car., 186, 191

nitida Emd. Proh., 442

nitida Stein Campt., 439, 440

nitidiventris Stein, 234

nivalis Wied., B 269

Gymn.,

niveifrons Stein, 223, 224,

232

niveifrons-group, 159, 221

niveimaculata Stein, 374,

B 268

nodosa Stein, 234

notabilis Ség. Xen., 502

notabilis Stein Limn., 384,

408

nuba Wied., B 271

nubiana Stein, 681

nudissima Loew, 70, 71, 701

nyamgasana Emd., 367, B 267

obliquesignata Emd.,

452

obscura Curr. Dim., 655

obscura End. Pect., 243

obscurinervis Emd._ Peg.,

B 262

obscurinervis Stein Pha., 377,

515, 672, 679, A 92

obscuritarsis Mall., 699

obsignata Rond., 383, 400,

405 —

ocellaris Mall., A 88

ochracea Beck., 374, B 269

446,

ochribasis Emd. Hyd., 660,

A 83

ochribasis Emd. Limn., 386,

425

ochrocera Loew, Stein, Curr.,

659

Ochromusca, 52, 53

ochroprocta Speis., 176

‘ochrosoma Speis., 89, 701

omega Newst., 87

Ophyra, 660, A 76, A 85

Orchisia, 97, 247

ornata Bezzi Peg., B 263

ornata Big. Anth., B 260

Oromydaea, 376

Orthellia, 53, 67

ovata Stein, A 686

oxycera Emd., 493, 507

pachyoida Big. of Ség., 185

pachypoda Big., 158, 185

pallens Curr., 681, 696, A 687

pallida Roub., 89

pallidicornis Stein, 658

pallidipes Aust., 89

pallidula Curr., A 679

pallifemorata Emd., 385, 419

pallipalpis Stein, 243 5

pallipes Stein, 439, 440

pallitarsis Stein, 681

palpalis Emd. Xen., 492, 493,

499

palpalis R.-D. Glos., 89

Panaga, 693, A 678, A 684

parallelifrons Emd. Limn.,

386, 430

parallelifrons Emd. Pha., 672,

678, A gt, A 94

pardalina Karsch, 475

parvinotata Brun., 56, 60

parvipuncta Stein Ath., 103

parvipuncta Stein Pyg., 243

Passeromyia, 52

pattoni Aust., 75

paupera Stein, 523

pectinipes Beck., B 271

Pectiniseta, 97, 243, 459

pectinisetodes Emd., 447, 459

pectoralis Stein, 655

pedunculata Emd., 110, 134

Pegomyia, B 256, B 262

pegomyiina Emd., 522, 567

penicillata Emd., 525, 507

pennatus Loew, B 254

peregrina Mall., A 89 -

perfida Stein Ath., 109, 126

perfida Stein Limn., 387,

409, 417, 432

perfidodes Emd., 384, 412,

415

peroni R.-D., 67, 73, 701

perplexa Emd., 493, 497

NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

perpulchra Bez. Ath., 103

perpulchra Bez. Fan., B 275

pervittata Emd., 519, 536

phaeoxantha Emd., 627, 630

Phaonia, 672, A 77, A 87

Phaoniinae, 376, B 253

Phaonuni, 377, 660

pharalis Ség., 103, 108

phasiaeformis Stein, A 678

Philaematomyia, 74, 79

Phyllogaster, 248, 702

picea Stein Hel., 518, 520

piceiventris Emd., 111, 139

piliceps Stein, 473, 490

pilifemur Stein Campt., 440

pilifemur Stein Car., 227, 236

pilifemur Stein Dich., 681,

697, A 688

planiceps Wied., 75

planifrons Stein, 222, 227

planipalpis Stein, A 88, A 89

planiseta Snyd., 374

platypezoides Emd., 472, 484

Plaxemyia, 74, 75, 77

plumiseta Stein, 381

plurinotata Stein, 586

pluripila Emd., 382, 388

pluvialis L., 353, B 261

poecilotarsis Emd., 157, 161

polita Emd. Hyd., A _ 78,

A 83

polita Mall. Dich.,

A 680, A 691

polita Mall. Mus., 77

praeacuta Stein, 223

praeacuta Stein of Cuthb.,

232

praeapicalis Emd. Car., 186,

188

praeapicalis

382, 3890

prima Curr., 66, 67

procellaris Rond., 353, B 261

A. 3676;

Emd. Limn.,

Prohydrotaea, 380, 441-5,

515

prominens Stein, 245

propinqua Stein, 518, 627,

628, 639

propleuralis Emd., 344, B 258

prosternalis Emd., 644, 647

proxima Stein, 518, 529

pruinosicollis Emd., 521, 552

Pseudobengalia, 701

pseudocorvina Emd., 80, 83

Pseudolimnophora, 381

pseudolispe Emd., 492, 494

Ptilolepis, 75

pullula Zett., 364, B 267

punctatipennis Mall., 646

punctifera Mall., 614, 616

punctigera Stein, 187, 193

punctipes Thoms., 198, 205

purpureoalba Vill., 66

NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF MUSCIDAE

pygmaea I'In., B 270

Pygophora, 95, 97, 242

Pyrellia, 53, 65

Pyrellina, A 676, A 735

quadrata Wied., 681, A 680

quadriseta Ad., 520, 531, 540,

645.

quadrispina Emd., 519, 539

quadristriata I:md., 382, 390,

702

quadruplex Stein, 524, 525,

597

quasifasciata Emd., 447, 460

quaterna Loew, 644, 646

Raymondomyia, 93

rebmanni Speis., 212, 220

rebmanni-group, 159, 211

rhingiaeformis Villen., 73

Rhinomusca, 53

rhodainica Roub., 86

rhodesi Mall. Pha., A 88

rhodesi Mall. Pyr., A 736

rhodesiana Curr., 637

Rhodesina, 349, B 258

rodhainica Roub., 86

rotundiceps Emd., 523, 580

rubricornis Stein, 107

ruficauda Mall., A 736

ruficornis Stein, 108, 121

rufimana Strobl, 381

rufina Stein, 614, 628, 638

rufinota Emd., 627, 634

rufithorax Stein, 572, 574

rufolateralis emd., 522, 574

rufoscapularis Emd., 522, 560

rutila Stein, A 686

Ruttenia, A 673

ruwenzorica Emd., 165, 173

scalaris F., B 275

Scatophaga, B 252, B 254

Scatophaginae, 334, B 252,

B 253 ;

Schoenomyza, 96

schoutedeni Villen., 701

sciarivora Iemd., 524, 589

scintillans Big., 65

Scopeuma, 334, 335

scotti Emd., A ot

scutellaris Emd., 157, 162

seclusa Emd., 249, 251

secrecauda Ség., 103, 126

sellata Emd., 686, A 682

semialba Mall., 234

semiargentata Villen., 379,

446, 454

semifasciata Imd., 447, 450,

400

semiflava Stein, 620,,625

semifumosa Emd. And., 144

semifumosa Stein Car., 235

semifumosa-group, 160, 234

semilutea Karl, A 78

semiplumosa E-md., 515, 640,

641

sensua Curr., 353, B 261

serena Stein, 697, A 687

setalis Emd. Car., 176, 177,

702

setalis Emd. Limn., 385, 424

setifemur Mall., 105

setigena Villen., B 274

setigera Mall. Och., 53, 701

setigera Stein Pha., 675

setinervis Stein Emm., B 259

setinervis Stein Grau., 679,

A 676

setulosa Stein, 655, 658

sexnotata Ad., 246

sexpunctata Karl, B 264

simensis Jaen., 364.

similis Stein, 198, 202, 205

similima Emd., 681, 697,

A 682

simonyi Beck., B 270

simulans Stein, 384, 411, 415

singularis Stein, 352, B 260

sitiens Rond., 86

socia Beck., 334, B 254

somerenl Emd. Car., 165,

169

somereni Emd. Dich., 681,

A 681, A 693

somereni Emd. Limn., 383,

402

sorbens Wied., 74, 78, 82

soror Wied., 335, B 254

sororella Villen., 69

Spanochaeta, 97, 247

spectanda Wied., 77

spiculata Emd., 523, 579

Spilaria, 613

Spilogona, 380, 445-68, 515

spinata Stein, 385, 419

spinicosta Emd., 342, B 257

spinidorsis Emd., 525, 526,

605

spinifera Stein Hel., 521, 556

spinifera Stein Limn., 386,

430

spinigera Mall. Anth., 352,

B 260

spinipes Big., 448, 468

spinthera Big., 66

spinulicosta Emd., 519, 538

splendida Ad., 69

squamifera Stein, 245, 240

steeleae Emd., 109, 129

steiniana Emd., 470, 474

steiniella Emd., 363

Stenomitra, 67

709

stercoraria) - 1739).330,,. -335;

B 254, B 255

stigma Emd., 87

stomoxides Emd., 472, 485

Stomoxydinae, 85, B 253

Stomoxys, 85

strigaria Curr., 197 203

strigipes Stein, 187

strigipes-group, 158, 186

subfasciata I’md., 447, 466

subnigripes Karsch, 103,

B 253

subobsignata Emd., 383, 398

subpunctata Walk., 655

subsetosa Curr., 377, 628, 637

subtilis Stein, 470, 473

suffusa Emd., A 684, A 688,

A.699, A 727

superba Stein, 644, 645

surda Curr., B 270

surgens Stein, 681

suturalis Stein Fan.,

B 274

suturalis Stein Pha., A 89

swynnertoni Mall., B 258

Synthesiomyia, 53

syriaca Ség., 63

375;

Taeniomyia, B 258

tarda Stein, 348, B 259

tarsalis Walk., 164

tarsata Ad., 354, B 262

tempestatum Bez. Musca, 79

tempestatum Wied. Anth.

354, B 262

tempestiva FIn., 79

Tenuicosta, 95

tersa Wied., A 77

tertriguttata Emd., 236, 241

tessmanni End., 70

testacea Mall., 523, 584

tetragramma Emd., 382, 394

tetrastigma Stein, 374

thomasseti ['md., 385, 422

thoracica Curr., 655

tibiseta Emd., 521, 554

tigrina F., 155, 180

tigrina-group, 158, 180

tomentigera Iemd. Ath., 108,

[21

tomentigera Emd. Coen., 146,

152

tonitrui Wied., 470, 474

translucida Emd. Car., 212

translucida Stein Limn., 383,

400

transporta Snyd., 516

transversalis Emd., 157, 160

trapezia Emd., 109, 127

triangularis Emd., tro, 135

trichocnema Stein, 177

trichopyga Loew, 157

710 NAMES

tricincta Stein, 521, 523, 580

tridentata Mall., 111, 142

trifaria Big., 701

trigemina Stein, 386, 405, 428

trimaculata Stein Gymn.,

“ “491; 480

trimaculata Stein Hel., 523,

524, 586, 593

trinotata Emd., 645, 652

trinubilifera Mall., 614, 615

tripunctiventris Mall., 236,

239

tristis Wied., 655

trivittata Stein, 363, B 206

trochanterata Stein, 523

truncata Emd. Ath., 110, 133

truncata Stein Hel., 518

Trupheopygus, 517, 584

tuberculata Mall., 105

tuberculitarsis Stein, B 269

turneri Emd., 521, 550

ugandae Emd., 80, 84

ugandana Emd. Ath.,

137

ugandana Emd. Dich., 529,

681, 686, A 681

ulundi Mall., 526, 605

unicolor Mall. Pyr.,

A 735

AND SYNONYMS

unicolor Stein Ath., 103

uniseta Emd., 55, 58

usitata Emd., 518, 532

valida Ad., 108

variegata Stein, 474

varipes Bez., 85

velutinifacies Emd., 221

velutinifrons Mall., 143, 145

ventralis Stein, 362, B 266

ventrosa Wied., 78

vera Curr., 69

versatilis Curr. Myd., 517,

644, 045

versatilis Villen. Pyr., 700,

A 736

versicolor Stein, 470, 474

vetustissima Walk., 74, 78

vicina Macq., 74, 76, 82

vigintipunctata Emd., 471,

(477

villipes Mall., 526, 610

virgata Stein, A go

virgithorax Stein, 363, 364,

B 266

vitripennis Meig., 83

vittata Wied., 165

vittata-group, 157, 164

vitticollis Emd. Dich.,

A 683

601,

PRESENTED

2 2FEB 1950

OF MUSCIDAE

vitticolus Emd. Hyl.,

B 268

vittithorax Stein Hyl., 360,

B 268

vittithorax Stein Pha., A 89

Viviparomusca, 75, 76, 81

vumbana Curr. Pha., 672,

A 89

vumbana Emd. Dich., A 688,

A 699, A 730

vumbana md. Limn., 386,

430

369,

widerl Jaen., 655

wigglesworthi Zumpt, 87

wroughtoni Mall., 526, 605

xanthomelas Wied., 74, 80

xanthopleuris Emd. Dich.,

689, A 682

xanthopleuris

615, O17

xenia Mall., 187

Xenocoenosia, 145, 156

Xenolispa, B 268

Xenomyla, 377, 380, 491-514

Emd. © Hel.,

yerburyi Patt., 75