7. CHLOROPIDAE

Curtis W. SaBrosky?

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Agricultural Research

Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Tue dipterous family Chloropidae, composed of smail (1-25-5:0 mm.),

relatively inconspicuous flies, is represented in the material of the British

Museum Ruwenzori Expedition by 522 specimens, belonging to 39 genera and

104 species. Of these, 1 genus and 28 species are herein described as new

to science, and 3 other species have already been published as new in a

recent revision of Epimadiza.2 As a result of the study necessary for the

identification of this material, including a review of the writer’s notes and

photographs of the types of most of the African Chloropidae, considerable new

synonymy and new generic combinations are proposed. Discussions of generic

relationships, and descriptions of some African species not collected by the

expedition (including I new genus and 5 new species), have been included

where they are pertinent to the report on the Ruwenzori collection.

Genera and species included in this paper but not represented in the

Ruwenzori material are indicated by enclosing the names in brackets [ |. The

generic keys include all the known genera of the Ethiopian Region, but do not

include Palaearctic genera that have been recorded only from North Africa.

Keys to species are given for genera of which the present material is reasonably

representative. Type material is in the British Museum (Natural History), and

paratypes of species represented by series are deposited in the U.S. National

Museum. The location of material from sources other than the Ruwenzori

Expedition is indicated in all cases.

For a general discussion of the region visited by the expedition, and a

detailed list of the collecting localities with accompanying maps and many

plates, the reader is referred to the Introduction to the reports on the Ruwenzori

Expedition (Volume I, Number 1). The names of the collectors are there given

1 The writer is indebted to John Smart, H. Oldroyd and the late F. W. Edwards, of

the British Museum (Natural History) for many courtesies in connection with the study of

the material, and to the directors and curators of numerous museums and collections, both

in America and Europe, for permission to study and photograph the types in their care.

The study of types in European museums in 1937 was aided by a Grant-in-Aid from the

Permanent Science Fund of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

2 Sabrosky, 1947, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 13: 821-851, 18 figs.

II, 7 (a)

712 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

in full, though they are identified here by surname only. The great proportion

of the specimens of Chloropidae were collected by Dr. Edwards.

The present report is not as complete as it might have been had the series

been more adequate. In twenty-five cases, represented usually by only one or

two specimens each (total, 43), the species is left unnamed. In a number of

these, it is probable that the species is new, but in view of the possibilities of

colour variation or sexual dimorphism, and the poor condition of some speci-

mens, plus the uncertain identity of some published species, I have refrained

from describing them until more material is available. In the past too many

names for minute flies have been proposed on the basis of inadequate or

imperfect material. It is desirable to have a series, though in some cases I have

described species in this report from single or few specimens, when these are

in good condition and abundantly distinct from any known species.

For the number of specimens in the present collection, the number of genera

and species is rather large, as shown in the following table:

TABLE I. CHLOROPIDAE COLLECTED BY THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

No. | No. No. | No.

Ses Spp. | Spms. cous Spp. | Spms.

OSCINELLINAE CHLOROPINAE

Anatrichus . : it 14 Meromyza . I 4

Genus nr. Hippelates I I Pachylophus 4 18

Epicelyphus : 2 3 Camarota I 4

Scoliophthalmus . I 2 Elachiptereicus I I

Rhodesiella . i : 11 95 Mepachymerus 6 31

N. gen. (?) nr. Rhodesiella I 2 Chromatopterum . I I

Lasiopleura I I Homops I 28

Heteroscinis I I Thaumatomyia 2 7

Polyodaspis 2 9 Lasiosina I 3

Epimadiza . 4 8 Chlorops ; ; 2 33

Goniopsita . I I Intermediate, Chlorops

Siphunculina 2 4 and Thaumatomyia . 8 14

Calamoncosis I I Parectecephala 2 3

Tricimba 2 2 N. gen. (?) I I

Elachiptera 14 116

Disciphus I 3

Pseudogaurax I I

Anomoeoceros 4 5

Pselaphia I I

Dicraeus I 2

Camptoscinella I I

Stenoscinis . 3 19

Gaurax I 4

Oscinella 13 65

Conioscinella I 2

Tropidoscinis 1 II

26 genera : : : 73 374 13 genera. 2 : 31 148

Grand totals: 39 genera, 104 species, 522 specimens

CHLOROPIDAE FL3

In the Oscinellinae, in particular, most of the genera and species are repre-

sented by few specimens, the exceptions being the large and common genera

Rhodesiella, Elachiptera, and Oscinella. Even there, a few common species

usually predominate (e.g. 57 specimens of one species of Rhodesiella, and 99

examples of four species of Elachiptera).

The number of new species described from the collection is a rather high

proportion, but it would have been even higher had the residue of partially

identified material consisted of adequate series, rather than unique or poorly

preserved specimens. Furthermore, a considerable number of the known

African species of Chloropidae were described from Ethiopia, Uganda, Tangan-

yika and Rhodesia, and many of these were identified in the collections of the

Ruwenzori Expedition, particularly since most of the species of Chloropidae

were found in the lower zones of the region.

The table demonstrates the rather considerable predominance of the

subfamily Oscinellinae, both in number of genera and of species. It is rather

surprising to find so relatively few species and specimens in such chloropine

genera as Pachylophus and Homops, in view of the number of species of those

genera known from Africa, though the same thing can be said of the oscinelline

genus Epimadiza.

Distribution: As in many families of micro-Diptera, unless medical impor-

tance has directed special attention to them, the distribution is too inadequately

known to form a basis for discussion of zoogeographical relationships. Further-

more, many of the genera in the family are wide-ranging, and occur in both

Palaearctic and Oriental as well as Ethiopian regions, thus tending to obscure

the affinity of one region with another. It is my general impression, however,

that the chloropid fauna of the Ruwenzori area is typically Ethiopian in

character, and that it shows more relationship to the Oriental Region than

to the Palaearctic. Two species of the latter have been recognised in the

present material (Thaumatomyia notata and a variety of Oscinella frit), but

it is believed that most of the published identifications of Palaearctic

species from the Ethiopian Region are misidentifications: based on superficial

similarities.

One reason for the typically Ethiopian character of the fauna became

evident when the species were listed by the zones in which they were collected.

The lower zones (up to 6000 ft.) furnished about 60 of the 104 species collected

by the expedition, and the predominance of lowland species of course influences

the impression given by the material. Barely over two dozen species were

found in the forest zones (6500-8000 ft.), in contrast to the general conclusion

for most groups (Vol. I, No. 1, p. 2) that this zone contained the greatest variety

of forms. As for the upper zones, there are relatively few chloropids, with

14 species from the bamboo and lower heath zones (8000—11,000 ft.), and only

7 from the upper heath and alpine zones (11,000-14,000 ft.). Most of the

714 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

latter were collected on the flowers of Lobelia, Senecio, and Helichrysum, the

highest being at 13,000 ft. on Mt. Kinangop and at the summit of Mt. Elgon.

Terminology: No abbreviations have been used, and most of the characters

have been stated in standard or generally understood terms. All ratios are

derived from actual measurements with an ocular micrometer, and not by

estimates. The wing venation has been described by the Williston system.

The second, third, and fourth costal sectors are those sections of the costal

vein between the tips of the first and second, second and third, and third and

fourth veins respectively. The “width of the front” is the distance between

the eyes at the vertex, and the “length of the front”’ is the distance from the

anterior margin of the front at the midline to an imaginary line drawn between

the posterior ocelli, the latter position being selected as more definite for

comparative measurements than the usually rounded fronto-occipital angle of

the head. Likewise, for the width of the scutellum across its base, the measured

distance is that between the two lateral points where the disk of the scutellum

touches the mesonotum. It is important to realise this, for sometimes the

convex sides of the scutellum as they slope downward and outward from the

base make the basal width appear somewhat greater in proportion to the length.

The “‘sensory area’”’ on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia is a dull,

flattened area, usually oval to elongate-oval, sometimes almost linear. Fre-

quently, the tibia is broadened on the middle third where this is located. The

exact function of this area is unknown, but it is probably sensory, as indicated

by Malloch, who was the first to call attention to its importance as a character

in the Chloropidae. A figure of it is shown by Curran (1934, The Families and

Genera of North American Diptera, p. 342, Fig. 18).

Literature: The only comprehensive paper on African Chloropidae is the

revision by Becker (1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 377-443, 1 plate), which

will be referred to in these pages by author and date only, except for references

to species descriptions. A number of other papers containing new species and

records, by Becker, Malloch, Lamb, and others, are cited in the appropriate

places.

A complete list of type species of the genera of the Chloropidae of the world

was published by Sabrosky (1941, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34: 735-765), and

the interested reader will find there complete references for the designations,

and discussions of any disputed points.

Subfamilies

Some recent authors have proposed to recognise Lasiopleura and its relatives

as a distinct subfamily, a proposal which has considerable merit. I do not

agree, however, that all other chloropids belong to a single subfamily, for the

general distinctions between chloropine and oscinelline genera seem to deserve

CHLOROPIDAE 715

subfamily recognition. For the purpose of this paper, the customary division of

the family into the two subfamilies Chloropinae and Oscinellinae is retained.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES

1. Costal vein extending only to the third vein or slightly beyond; ‘‘sensory area”’

usually lacking on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia (present in

Thaumatomyia and a few other genera) ; cee yellow (or reddish) and

black spotted or striped species. : Chloropinae

= Costal vein extending to the fourth vein (except i in Scoliophthalmus trapezordes) ;

”

“sensory area usually present on the hind tibia; usually dark species with

entirely or predominantly black body . : : : : : Oscinellinae

Subfamily CHLOROPINAE

Except for a few unusually distinctive genera, such as Meromyza and

Mepachymerus (= Steleocerus), and a few peculiarly developed species that are

easy to recognise (e.g. in Semaranga, Camarota), the genera of Chloropinae have

a rather uniform habitus with a lack of outstanding characters that will enable

one to distinguish groups of species clearly. The generic classification is

particularly difficult in Chlorops and related genera or subgenera. A complete

and painstaking study of the genera of the whole family, from a world stand-

point, will be necessary before many species can be assigned to genera with

any assurance. In the meantime, the genera have been accepted here for the

most part in their traditional usage.

In the Chloropinae, much more than in the Oscinellinae, keys to the genera

have frequently made use of characters that are perhaps not of generic signifi-

cance. Nevertheless, if these characters enable the reader to locate the species

in the genera in which they have usually been placed, they have a practical

value that cannot be denied, at least until better grounds for generic distinctions

have been proved.

The genera Eurina and Haplegis are not included in the following key,

though species have been recorded under these names from the Ethiopian

Region. Eurina minuta Loew from South Africa is more like Anthracophaga,

Haplegis scutellaris Adams is an Assuania, and H. mitens Lamb will run in the

key to Chlorops. Both Eurina and the related genus Platycephala (each having

an unusual character in the family Chloropidae, the presence of numerous hairs

on the mesopleuron) have been correctly recorded from North Africa.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF CHLOROPINAE OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

1. Hind femur thickened, the hind tibia cone vende). curved . : 2

Hind leg not so modified . F ; 3

2, Arista slender, with short or minute pubescence : " " Meromyza “Meigen

Arista somewhat thickened, or at least with long, dense hairs, the arista —

appearing broad and flat as in Elachiptera 4 - 2 Pachylophus Loew

716 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

3. Arista thickened, usually flattened and sword-shaped, or appearing thickened

because of dense hairs, always entirely black . ¢ 4

Arista not thickened and flattened, though usually more or less pubescent, some

species. with white, densely pubescent arista that may appear to be thickened 8

4. Mesopleuron with numerous hairs; head peculiarly depressed, much longer than

high, the front projecting and the long axis of the eye nearly horizontal

Camarota Meigen

Mesopleuron without hairs; head not as described, usually higher than long or

nearly so, and the long axis of the eye vertical or only slightly diagonal. 5

5. Crossveins strongly approximated, separated by a distance less than the length

of the hind crossvein. 6

Crossveins not ee ara separated by much ‘more than the length ‘of the

hind crossvein. : : F : 77

6. Three pairs of strong, blacks dprsoceatral bistles é 7 iseniar anga Becker]

Only one pair of dorsocentral bristles present, the prescutellars Elachiptereicus Becker

7. Body, wings and legs more or less narrowly elongate, the anal angle of the

wing undeveloped; head usually somewhat elongate, not the short high type

of Chlorops . : . Mepachymerus Speiser (= Steleocerus Becker)

Body, wings and legs shorter and more robust, of the usual Chlorops type, the

anal angle of the wing strongly developed, almost a right angle

[Phyladelphus Becker]

8. Wing membrane either entirely dark brown or distinctly patterned with black;

body black . : J Se ae Becker

Wing membrane clear, not ‘infuscated or patterned ! * 7 9

9. Crossveins strongly approximated, usually separated by less nan the length

of the hind crossvein. (Diplotoxa Loew]

Crossveins not approximated, separated by a distance well in excess of the

length of the hind crossvein . aK)

zo. Pale yellow species with three broad, aunt redoil grey i piece popes on thie

notum and two broad stripes on the abdomen; frontal triangle yellow, with

a large round black spot anterior to the ocelli; cheek broad, wider than the

third antennal segment é ; : : : . [Metopostigma Becker]

Not as described 5 , II

11. Third antennal segment orbicular or neatly. so, the breadth aad length usually

subequal, at most the latter 1-25 times the breadth . : 12

Third antennal segment distinctly longer than broad, by 1°5 times or more,

definitely not orbicular or suborbicular : : 17

12.1 Distinct, elongate-oval ‘‘sensory area’’ present on the posterodorsal surface of

the hind tibia; apical scutellar bristles more or less approximated. 13

No “sensory area’’ present on the hind tibia; apical scutellars not approximated,

usually well separated . : 16

13. Scutellum with decidedly flattened disk and a distinct, sharp margin; ‘apical

scutellar bristles strongly approximated . 14

Scutellum only slightly flattened if at all, the disk slightly convex and without

a sharp margin; apical scutellar bristles weakly approximated . : 15

14. Head unusually large, wider than the thorax; eye large and occupying almost

the entire head in profile, the cheek linear: thorax smooth and polished,

without apparent hairs, highly convex, in side view the notum extending

as far above the notopleural ridge as the sternum is below

Homops Speiser (= Ops Becker)

Not such species, at least in Africa, the head not disproportionate, the cheek

not linear, the thorax not so strongly convex, and with evident hairs on the

mesonotum and scutellum . Thaumatomyia Zenker (= Chloropisca Loew)

15. Large, robust species, 4-0-5°5 mm. in length and up to 2 mm. in breadth;

mesonotum and scutellum studded with small seed-like swellings at the

bases of the hairs (cf. fig. 3) . : Siphius Loew

Smaller species, at most not more than 3 mm. in n length; hairs set in minute

punctures . - “ : a : c : é . [Eutropha Loew]

‘See discussion of certain intermediate forms under the heading of ‘‘Species Inter-

mediate Between Chlorops and Thaumatomyia”’.

CHLOROPIDAE ipl

16. Fronto-orbital bristles strongly developed, usually 3-4 pairs . Lasiosina Becker

Fronto-orbitals weak and hairlike, not evidently longer than the ordinary

frontal hairs, usually more numerous than in Lasiosina . . Chlovops Meigen

17. Antennal arista white, densely pubescent and appearing slightly thickened, the

basal segments often yellow; mesonotum either dull black or with dull

black stripes . 18

Arista black, slender, any “pubescence short and sparse; mesonotum more or

less shining black. : : 0 0 : : 19

18. Mesonotum yellow with black stripes é | Parectec ephala Becker

Mesonotum entirely black, not striped; third antennal ‘segment usually longer

and narrower, and the second segment also longer, than in Parectecephala

[Lagarocevas Becker]

19. Entire insect covered with “‘ brilliant shining white hairs’’; scutellum with pale,

approximated apical scutellar bristles. : [Bathyparia Lamb]

Not so, the hairs ordinary and dark; apical scutellars not approximated

[Assuania Becker]

Meromyza Meigen

Meigen, 1830, Syst. Beschr., 6, p. 163. Type, Musca saltatrix L. (By designation of

Macquart, 1835.)

Meromyza capensis Loew

Meromyza capensis Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. 17: 96. (Cape Province.)

Meromyza guttiventyis Becker, t910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 396. (Tanganyika.)

New synonym.

Mevomyza mesaetata Speiser, 1910, im Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro Exped., 2, art. 10,

p. 194 (Kilimandjaro).

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., ii.1935, I g, I 2 (Edwards).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kyarumba, 4500 ft., x11.1934-1.1935, I Q (Buxton);

Ruwenzori, Fort Portal, 4.x11.1934, 1 2 (Edwards).

It is somewhat surprising that more specimens of this common East African

and South African species were not taken by the expedition. The four examples

have slightly darker femora than usual, but such infuscation is often found in

specimens from montane areas.

Examination of the type series of guttivenivis Becker, and experience with

long series of specimens, lead to the conclusion that that name was based on

pale specimens of capensis, in which the abdominal infuscation in particular was

greatly reduced. Meromyza mesaetata Speiser is also based on a colour variation.

I have seen a number of examples of capensis, from Belgian Congo, Natal,

Nyasaland, Southern Rhodesia, Transvaal, Uganda, and Zululand.

Pachylophus Loew

Loew, 1858, Berl. ent. Ztschr. 2: 121. Type, Pachylophus frontalis Loew, 1858

(monobasic). .

In view of the fact that Pachylophus is such a characteristic component of

the chloropid fauna of the Ethiopian Region, it is noteworthy that so few

specimens and species are represented in the present collection. In a number

of other collections that I have seen, mostly from various parts of the Union

715 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of South Africa, the species of this genus have been rather common. Apparently

it is to be found chiefly at lower elevations, or perhaps the real reason is that

it inhabits grasslands, or regions of lower rainfall.

Although not strictly relevant to the present material, it may be noted that

Elachiptera femorata Johnson, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 164,

from Somaliland, is a Pachylophus [new combination!| near, and possibly

synonymous with, P. frontalis Loew. I hereby designate as lecto-allotype a

female, ‘‘Sheikh Mohammed 11, X”’ that I have so labelled in the collection of

the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Pachylophus proximus Adams

Pachylophus proxima Adams, 1905, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bul. 3: 194. (S. Rhodesia.)

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., 11.1935, I 2 (Edwards).

A common and widespread African species, characterised by cream-white

halteres, predominantly black legs, strongly enlarged hind femora (as in

Meromyza), frontal triangle short and nearly equilateral, and front not

projecting.

It has been recorded many times, from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Tanganyika, and

Natal. I have seen many specimens from Belgian Congo, Cape Province, Kenya,

Natal, Orange Free State, Southern Rhodesia, South-west Africa, Tanganyika,

Transvaal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. Two unusual records for the species are

from Roseires, Sudan, Feb.25, 1929 (R. S. Andas Bey) [Imper. Inst. Ent.],

and Taif;-S. Hedjaz, «Arabia, .Aug> ir, 1931 (H: St: J.-B. Philby)- [British

Museum].

A variety, punctifemur, was described by Sabrosky (1945, Proc. Zool. Soc.

London, 114: 459) with the type locality cited as Mt. Meru, Tanganyika. I am

indebted to Dr. F. van Emden for calling my attention to the fact that

I misinterpreted the label ‘“‘Meru’’, which really referred to a place of that

name in Kenya.

Pachylophus obscurior Becker

Pachylophus pellucidus var. obscuviov Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 425.

(Natal.)

Pachylophus lituvaticrus Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 19: 37. (Natal.) New

synonym.

UGanDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 3 ¢, 5 @,

I (sex?) (Edwards) ; Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft., 21 and 24.xi.1934,

I §, 22 (Ford).

The species is characterised by cream-white halteres, yellow legs, yellow to

reddish thorax, the mesonotum darkest with usually a blackish median stripe,

CHLOROPIDAE 719

reddish-yellow frontal triangle which is short and nearly equilateral but the

sides somewhat concave, and front not: projecting. Pachvlophus contractus

Becker (1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 393) is close, but has a straight-sided

frontal triangle that gives an entirely different aspect to the front.

In addition to the types of both of the above names, I have examined

material of the species from Cape Province, Natal, Orange Free State, Pondo-

land, Transvaal, and Zululand.

Pachylophus lugens Loew

Pachylophus lugens Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. 17: 97. (South Africa.)

S.W. Ucanpa: Kigezi, Lake Mutanda, 6000 ft., xi.1934, 1 2 (Ford).

A dark species, with black halteres and legs, recorded in the literature from

Madagascar, Ethiopia, and East and South Africa. Séguy (1938, Mission scient.

de ’Omo, 4: 359) records it from Kenya, Mt. Elgon, 2470 metres, in December.

I have also seen examples from Belgian Congo, Transvaal, and Zululand.

Pachylophus inornatus Loew

Pachylophus inorvnatus Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. 17: 97. (Caffraria) ;

1874, Ztschr. f. ges. Naturwiss. 44: 208-200.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., 1 3, and gooo ft., 2 3,

I 9, x.1934 (Edwards).

[Also Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, 5050 ft., vili.rgoo, 1 2 (F. L. Snow), in the

collection of the University of Kansas. |

These specimens are quite distinct from any other Pachylophus known to

me, and I believe that they are P. inornatus Loew. The original description

(1860) is far too brief for identification, but in 1874 Loew published a fairly

detailed redescription. From the latter, it is clear that the surface of the

frontal triangle is greyish pollinose, and all of the other details fit the above

specimens.

The salient characters that will distinguish the species from others of the

genus are the cream-white halteres, black thorax, partly pollinose pleuron

(especially heavy on the mesopleuron), front not strongly projecting, frontal

triangle black with grey pollen, the pollen appearing in the form of two broad

strips flanking a slight median ridge (Fig. 1). The leg colour appears to be

variable, and may best be described as reddish brown, with some individuals

tending towards reddish yellow and others towards brown. The fore pair is

usually paler, and the fore coxae are distinctly yellow. As in proximus and

some other species, the mesonotum has 2 sublateral stripes of grey pollen that

divide the mesonotum into 3 broad dull black stripes.

20 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Camarota Meigen

Meigen, 1830, Syst. Beschr., 6, p. 7. Type, Oscinis curvipennis Latreille (as C.

fiavitaysis Meigen) (monobasic).

Camarota angustifrons Bezzi

Camarota angustifvons Bezzi, 1908, Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 89: 179. (Eritrea.)

UcanpA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 3 6d, I (9?)

(Edwards), the female (?) bearing a handwritten note “‘Wings held folded

round abdomen in life, giving beetle-like appearance”’

Becker (1910), in monographing the African Chloropidae, regarded the

species as identical with the European Camarota curvipennis (Latreille), referred

to in error by Becker, Duda, and many writers as curvinervis (almost simul-

taneously noted by Sabrosky, 1941, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34: 739, and Coe,

1942, Proc. Royal Ent. Soc. London, ser. B, 11: 141). With further material,

however, Becker later (1915, 7 Voyage Alluaud et Jeannel, Insectes Diptéres V,

p- 178) recognised the African species as distinct. The two species are super-

ficially similar, and both have a narrow, pointed head, slightly elongated third

antennalsegment, thickened arista, densely punctured mesonotum, and peculiarly

incurved wings. They are best distinguished in the form of the head as follows:

Front broad, 1-5 times the width of an eye; frontal triangle broad at the base,

nearly equilateral, and entirely deep yellow; cheek broad, its greatest height

equal to nearly two-thirds the greatest vertical diameter of an eye; third

antennal segment chiefly black, yellow only about the base of the arista;

European species . curvipennis Latreille (= curvinervis of authors)

Front narrow, subequal the width of an eye and appearing even narrower

because of the much greater length than width; triangle narrower at the

base, and also much more elongate, shining black but with a slight greenish

tint; third antennal segment chiefly reddish, infuscated slightly at the extreme

apex; African species (recorded from Eritrea to Natal) é angustifvons Bezzi

Elachiptereicus Becker

Becker, 1909, Bul. Mus. d’Hist. nat. Paris 15: 119; toro, Ann. Soc. ent. France 79: 20;

i910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 4o4. Type, E. bistviatuws Becker (monobasic).

Opsicevas Séguy, 1946, Encyclop. Ent., Ser. B, II, Diptera, tome 10, p. 12. Type,

O. bistviatus Séguy (by original designation and monobasic). New synonym.

This genus is strikingly characterised by the thick, somewhat flattened,

black arista with dense, long hairs, with the appearance of the genus Elachiptera

coupled with a wing venation like that of the genus Diplotoxa, having the cross-

veins approximated and the discal cell extremely abbreviated. Other significant

characters include the bare eye, face with a blunt though low carina that

separates the bases of the antennae, ocellar bristles proclinate and widely

divergent, postvertical bristles the same but only slightly divergent (sometimes

subparallel), mesopleuron glabrous, notopleural bristles 1-+-2, scutellum broadly

rounded with the disk convex, apical scutellar bristles not approximated, legs

slender, hind tibia without a distinct ‘‘sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal

surface. The arista appears to be apical or subapical, but the shape of the

third antennal segment exaggerates the effect. In F. bistriatus and E. abessynicus

CHLOROPIDAE 721

the cheek is broad and rough, but in FE. angustigena this feature is less pro-

nounced. In E. bistviatus, there is a faint suggestion of a “‘sensory area’’ on

the hind tibia, but it is narrow and only weakly developed. The male genitalia

have not been studied in detail, but the hypopygium is uniquely elongate and

geniculate, twice the length of the fifth abdominal segment, but usually com-

pletely concealed. For a discussion of the relation of Semaranga Becker, see

the latter name.

As noted elsewhere, Elachiptereicus himaeulaties Becker (1916) belongs in

the genus Mepachymerus (cf. M. singularis Becker).

The new genus recently described by Séguy is actually based on Elaclu-

ptereicus abessynicus Becker, as I immediately recognised from having a series

of specimens from the same collector in Senegal, also reared on millet and

probably from the same host.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ELACHIPTEREICUS AND SEMARANGA

1. Three pairs of strong, black dorsocentral bristles . [Semarvanga dorsocentvalis Beck.]

Only 1 pair of dorsocentral bristles present, the prescutellars : 2

2. Mesonotum with 2 strong, black stripes, one on each side just laterad of the

dorsocentral lines of punctures; cheek broad, much wider than the third

antennal segment 3 2 [Elachiptereicus bistviatus Beck. }

Mesonotum with 3 broad reddish or reddish- yellow stripes.

3. Cheek broad, typically half the height of an eye and one and one- half times the

breadth of the third antennal segment . . Elachiptereicus abessynicus Beck.

. Cheek narrower, only one-fourth to one-fifth the height of an eye and 0-6 times

the breadth of the third antennal segment [Elachiptereicus angustigena, new species]

[Elachiptereicus bistriatus Becker]

Elachiptereicus bistviatus Becker, 1909, Bul. Mus. d’Hist. nat. Paris 15: 120 (Ethiopia) ;

tg10, Ann. Soc. ent. France 79: 29.

Unfortunately, I have not seen the type of the species, but I have seen

specimens from Cape Province and Natal that agree perfectly with Becker's

brief original description and his more detailed redescription in the Igto

monograph of the African Chloropidae. Some of the specimens that he later

recorded as bistriatus are Semaranga dorsocentralis, however, for the anterior

pairs of dorsocentral bristles were broken off and he overlooked the scars

marking their position. This is true of the male from Arusha-Ju, Tanganyika,

December 1905 (recorded by Becker, rg10, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 405),

and the specimen from Natal (Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 426),

both recorded as FE. bistriatus.

Elachiptereicus abessynicus Becker

Elachiptereicus abessynicus Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 152 (Ethiopia).

Opsicevas bistriatus Séguy, 1946, Encyclop. Ent., Ser. B, II, Diptera, tome ro, p. 12

(Senegal). New synonym.

UcanpDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I 9

(Edwards).

22 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

A stocky, reddish-yellow species with the characteristic generic characters

of approximated crossveins, thickened arista, and broad, rough cheek. It differs

from the genotype, E. bistriatus, in having 3 broad, reddish stripes on the

mesonotum and a somewhat thicker arista. Both species have only one pair

of dorsocentral bristles, and may thus be easily distinguished from Semaranga

dorsocentralts.

In addition to the specimen cited above, I have a number of examples

before me, from Somerset East, Cape Province; Durban and Weenen, Natal;

Gingindhlovu, Zululand; Port St. John, Pondoland; Bwamba, Uganda; and

a reared series from Bambey, Senegal (J. Risbec), labelled “On millet’’ [ Brit.

Mus., and Imper. Inst. Ent.].

[Elachiptereicus angustigena, new species]

female.—Yellow to reddish-yellow, the arista, ocellar tubercle, and a

conspicuous spot on each humerus, black, the mesonotum with 3 broad

reddish stripes of which the median extends only half the length of the notum;

bristles black.

Frontal triangle smooth, polished yellow, long and narrow, 1-4 times as

long as broad at base and extending to the anterior margin of the front; front

at the vertex nearly twice the width of an eye and almost half the width of

the head; cheek narrow for the genus, only one-fourth to one-fifth the height

of an eye and o-6 times the breadth of the third antennal segment; arista

relatively long, 1-6 times the length of the antenna and 4 times the length of

the third antennal segment measured along the dorsal margin; ocellar and

postvertical bristles slender.

Mesonotum and scutellum as in brstriatus and abessynicus, with numerous

fine punctures and short hairs; scutellum with 1 pair of moderately strong

apical and I pair of weak and hairlike subapical bristles.

Legs slender; ‘sensory area’’ not distinct on the hind tibia.

Wing venation as noted for the genus; length of second and third costal

sectors subequal.

Length, 3 mm.

Holotype and 3 paratypes, all females, Zungeru, Northern Nigeria,

November 1910 (J. W. Scott Macfie). In the British Museum (Nat. Hist.),

I paratype in the U.S. National Museum.

The narrow cheek distinguishes this species from the other species of

Elacthptereicus.

[Semaranga Becker]

Becker, 1911, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9: 48. Type, S. dorsocentralis Becker (monobasic).

The genus Semavanga differs from Elachiptereicus chiefly in having 3

pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, a most unusual feature in this family where

CHLOROPIDAE 723

the presence of only 1 pair of dorsocentral bristles might almost be cited as

a family character. The facial carina is less distinct than in Elachiptereicus

and the “‘sensory area’”’ on the hind tibia is more distinct, but both of these

may be only differences of degree. The male genitalia are of the same type,

elongate and geniculate, with the additional feature in Semaranga of 2 pairs of

long, erect, black bristles projecting ventrad about midway of the hypopygium.

For the present, I leave Semaranga as distinct, but the general structure

and habitus, particularly the characteristics of the antenna, arista, and wit g

venation, certainly associate it closely with Elachiptereicus.

Semaranga dorsocentralis was first described from Formosa, and was recorded

from Ethiopia by Becker (1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 244). Further, from

the original specimens I found that the records of Elachiptereicus bistriatus

from East Africa and Natal actually applied to dorsocentralis, as already noted

under FE. bistriatus. Besides these specimens, I have seen material of dorso-

centralis from Cape Province, Gold Coast, Natal, Nyasaland, Orange Free State,

and Transvaal.

Mepachymerus Speiser

Speiser, 1910, im Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro Exped., 2, art. 10, p. 197. Type WM. baculus

Speiser (by original designation and monobasic).

Steleocevus Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 399. Type, S. lepidopus Becker,

rg10 (by designation of Sabrosky, 1941). New synonym.

Speiser proposed this genus for a new species, M. baculus, from Kilimandjaro,

and stated that it was related to Melanochaeta, apparently because of the

flattened, sword-shaped arista. Becker (1910, /.c. 8: 440) accordingly placed it

under the Oscinellinae and stated that the costa extended to the fourth vein,

but apparently without seeing any of the material.

It seems abundantly clear from the description that Speiser had the genus

of Chloropidae which Becker then described as Steleocerus, and baculus is almost

certainly the same species as lepidopus Becker. Speiser’s generic diagnosis

detailed the form of the triangle and the broadened front tarsus, both typical

features of lepidopus and its relatives. He stated definitely that the costa

extended only a little beyond the tip of R,4,,, the third vein, which would place

the species in the Chloropinae.

The only two unusual features cited by Speiser are the presence of a pre-

sutural bristle and of 4 scutellar bristles. I believe that what he called

a presutural is really the conspicuous posterior notopleural. The other pair of

scutellars that he saw was probably the slightly larger subapical hairs next to

the apical bristles.

I am accordingly of the belief that Mepachymerus is the proper name for

this genus, with Steleocerus Becker as a synonym. It is unfortunate that Becker

was misled, apparently by Speiser’s reference to Melanochaeta, into renaming

724 RUWENZORI,. EXPEDITION

the genus, for the prestige of Becker and his revision of the Chloropidae have

given wide usage to his name Steleocerus. .

Mepachymerus is one of the characteristic genera of the Ethiopian Region,

though a few species occur elsewhere. Curran (1928) and Séguy (1938) have

each published keys, but neither included all of the described species. Although

there is some doubt of the status of species related to baculus (= lepidopus),

I have given here a key to the genus that is complete for the Ethiopian Region

as far as available information is concerned.

Mepachymerus offers an interesting example of species groupings. One is

even tempted to divide it into two genera or perhaps subgenera. In the typical

eroup (baculus and relatives), the body, legs and wings are unusually elongate

and slender, the frontal triangle is narrow with a thick marginal ridge along

each side, there are 2 pairs of strong fronto-orbital bristles about midway of

the front, the notopleural bristles are reduced to 0-++1, the fore tarsus is com-

pressed and broadened, and there is no “‘sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal

surface of the hind tibia. In contrast, the species of the fenellus group have

generally shorter body and legs, the frontal triangle is broad and flat and often

nearly equilateral, the fronto-orbitals are not so striking, the notopleural

bristles are I-+2, the fore tarsus is slender, and there is a distinct ‘“‘sensory

area’’ on the hind tibia. Many genera have been based on far fewer and less

distinct differences. Yet for most of the characters there are species that are

intermediate and link the two groups together. In nztidus, for example, the

2 pairs of fronto-orbitals are especially strong, and the body is slender and

elongate, like the baculus group, but the “‘sensory area”’ is large and distinct.

The notopleural bristles vary in the several species from I-+2 strong and black

bristles, through species where I +2 are present, but the anterior and sometimes

the upper posterior are weak and hairlike and the appearance is O-++I or 0+2,

to species in which only the reduced type of 0-+-1 is present. There is a similar

gradation in the development of the subapical scutellar bristles, which vary

trom quite long in singularis to short and apparently undifferentiated in lentus.

Under the circumstances, the characters offer a convenient means for the initial

separation of species into two groups, but I do not believe that two genera are

involved. Judging from this and other genera, the lengthening and narrowing

of the body and legs results in certain modifications and reductions of bristles,

and quite naturally there are species which show intermediate conditions.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF MEPACHYMERUS (= STELEOCERUS)

1. Irontal triangle large and broad, nearly equilateral, shining and not pollinose,

and without a thick ridge along each margin; pleuron entirely shining, not

pollinose; fore tarsus slender (tenellus group) . P : é : 5 2

I‘rontal triangle narrow, depressed and dull pollinose except for a strong,

polished ridge along each margin; pleuron entirely dull grey pollinose; fore

tarsus compressed, in side view distinctly broadened and flattened (baculus

group) : . : : c : 4 : : : ; : 6

CHLOROPIDAE 725

2. Palpus black; legs bright yellow; thorax dark reddish-black to black, with

bright yellow humerus and propleuron; frontal triangle bluish-black with

yellow apex : M. latiseta (Lamb)

Palpus yellow, or the legs predominantly black; "colour poe: of thorax or

frontal triangle or both not as above : 3

3. Arista expanded toward the apex, clavate, with plunely, rounded apex ; ental

triangle yellow. : ‘ : M. ese mis (Beck.)

Arista not clavate, and the apex ‘acute : 5 4

4. Haltere black; frontal triangle entirely black; legs S eedomuulan tly shane piece

including the basal half of the fore coxa, all femora except the knees, and

the hind tibia : M. nitidus, new species

Haltere yellow; frontal triangle yellow, or only partly infuscated; legs bright

yellow : : 5

5. Mesonotum dull, densaly punctured, black or dame reddish Binge: without fou

yellow spots as described for singulayis; scutellum black. . M. tenellus (Beck.)

Mesonotum shining anteriorly, though pollinose posteriorly, with fine, scarcely

noticeable punctures, and with 3 broad stripes which vary from bright

reddish-black to black, with 4 conspicuous yellow spots, one mesad of

each humerus, and one anterior to each basal corner of the scutellum

[M. singularis (Beck.)]

6. Antenna entirely black; haltere light brown; front long, projecting before the

eye one-third the length of an eye . . (LM. nigricornis (Lamb) |]

Antenna partly orange- yellow; knob of the haltere entirely or Ser earaaaie

cream white to yellow; front not as projecting : 7

7. Legs entirely black except for the coxae and trochanters; chore extremely

slender, over twice as long as broad and 0-7 times the width of the head

M. longicollis (Beck.)

Legs with some yellow to reddish-yellow areas in addition to the coxae and

trochanters; thorax slender, but not as extremely so as in longicollis : 8

8. Legs predominantly bright yellow, typically only the tibia and tarsus of the

fore leg, and the distal segments of the other tarsi, black or dark brown

[M. baculus Speiser (= lepidopus Beck.) ]

Legs predominantly black, only the mid-tibia, at least distally, and the basal

segments of the mid and hind tarsi, reddish-yellow to yellow MM. lentus (Curran)

Mepachymerus latiseta (Lamb), new combination

Steleocevus latiseta Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 19: 41-42 (Chirinda Forest,

S. Rhodesia).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935,

7 3, 6 9 (Edwards).

A distinctively marked species, readily recognised by the short and broad,

entirely shining frontal triangle, which is bluish-black with yellow apex; palpus

black; antennal segments yellow, the black arista unusually broad and sword-

shaped, with acute apex; thorax dark except for the bright yellow humerus

and propleuron: mesonotum dull black and pollinose, the pleuron reddish-black

and polished; notopleural bristles 14-2, strong and black; legs entirely bright

yellow except for the distal segment or two of each tarsus; disk of the wing

with a faint but evident brownish cloud; fore tarsus slender.

The length varies in the series before me from 2 to 3 mm. The body is

relatively short and stocky, and not unusually slender and elongate as in baculus

and other species.

726 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Mepachymerus globuliformis (Becker), new combination

Steleocerus globulifoymis Becker, r9t0, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 401 (Tanganyika).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I

(Buxton).

KeEnyA: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., 11.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

The two specimens agree very well with Becker’s description, and with

some brief notes that I made on the type in Budapest, especially in the form

of the arista. The latter is enlarged from base to apex, like a baseball bat,

with the apex bluntly rounded. That feature, with the yellow palpus, yellow

legs, slender fore tarsus, broadly flat and shining yellow frontal triangle, and

reddish thorax, will adequately distinguish the species. Another point not

usually mentioned is that the second vein is relatively short and the second

costal sector is only one and one-third times the third sector. In most of the

other species, the second sector ranges up to two and one-half times the third.

Like /atiseta, the body is stocky and not of the slender type.

The only point which I cannot reconcile with the description is that the

present specimens have a conspicuous, shining black, shield-shaped spot on the

occiput between the ocellar tubercle and the occipital foramen, but in view of the

otherwise close agreement, I have identified the specimens as globuliformis.

Mepachymerus nitidus, new species

Male.—Black, the antennal segments except for the apex of the third, the

apical half of each coxa, the trochanters, knees obscurely, fore and mid tibiae,

and all tarsi except the distal segments, yellow to reddish-yellow; halteres black ;

wing brown; the costal and discal cells in part, and the apical portions of the

first and second posterior cells, clear; palpus dark, but discoloured and the

exact colour uncertain.

Frontal triangle entirely shining black, large and occupying almost the

entire front, the surface depressed and wrinkled; front somewhat projecting

before the eyes, in profile the length of the head nearly one and one-half times its

height; cheek narrow, only one-tenth the height of an eye; antenna of the usual

Mepachymerus type, porrect with long arista, broad and flat, approximately

equibroad throughout its length, apically rounded; ocellar bristles proclinate

and divergent, but minute; 2 pairs of strong, black fronto-orbital bristles

midway of the front.

Thorax slender, narrower than the head, the mesonotum and scutellum not

pollinose, but appearing dull because densely punctured and scabrous, flattened

mesally and posteriorly; pleuron entirely smooth and polished, dark reddish-

brown to black; notopleurai bristles actually 1+-2, but the anterior short and

weak and the upper posterior slender, leaving the appearance of 0-+1, or at

most 0+2; scutellum short and flat, trapezoidal in outline, with 1 pair of

CHLOROPIDAE 727

long black apical bristles but no subapicals developed. Abdomen smooth and

polished on the sides, the dorsum dull, minutely rugulose.

Legs moderately slender, and not elongate as in the baculus group; hind

tibia with a strongly distinct “‘sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal surface of

the hind tibia.

Wing with unusually broad submarginal cell, the second vein close to the

costa, and the length of second to fourth costal sectors as 30:31:8; third and

fourth veins nearly parallel; fore crossvein opposite the middle of the discal cell.

Length, 4 mm.

Holotype, male, Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., UGANDA, xii.1934-

1.1935 (Edwards). 3

In several respects the species is intermediate between the tenellus and

baculus groups. It resembles temellus more than any other species. The colour of

the palpus is a doubtful point because of the condition of the specimen, but couplet

2 of the key has been so phrased that one may still arrive at the correct place.

Mepachymerus tenellus (Becker), new combination

Steleocevus tenellus Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 401-402 (Tanganyika).

UcGanbDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.1935, I 3 (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I g, 1 2 (Edwards).

I have also before me specimens from Durban, Natal [Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist.], Bwamba, Uganda, vii.—vili.1946 (van Someren) {Imper. Inst. Ent.], and

Port St. John, Pondoland, 5~—30.iv.1923 (R. EL. Turner) [Brit. Mus.]. It was

reared at Kampala, Uganda, March 10, 1928 (H. Hargreaves), from “larva in

debris of maize cob attacked by caterpillar”’ [Imper. Inst. Ent.].

The species is characterised by yellow paipus, broad and flat frontal triangle,

’ which is chiefly shining yellow to orange, but is sometimes infuscated in a

broad shallow depression anteriorly; mesonotum black, so densely punctured

that it appears dull; pleuron shining reddish-brown, the sternopleuron black ;

legs yellow; body and legs slender and elongate, of the more typical Mepachy-

merus form, the mesonotum 1-6 times as long as broad.

There appears to be some variation in the colour of the mesonotum, probably

associated with the condition of individual examples. Most of the specimens

have it dull black, but one or two have the central portion and the prescutellar

area dark reddish, leaving the appearance of 2 black lateral stripes. The

latter was the case in the type specimen.

[Mepachymerus singularis (Becker), new combination}

Phyladelphus singulavis Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 153 (lthiopia).

Elachiptereicus bimaculatus Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 426 (Uganda).

New synonym.

Steleocerus quadvivittatus Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 19: 39 (Chirinda Forest,

S. Rhodesia). New synonym.

II, 7 (2)

728 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Mepachymerus singularis is a species of the tenellus group that is extremely

variable in the colour of the mesonotum, the stripes ranging from rather bright

reddish to black. This variability, together with the fact that its generic position

has been variously interpreted, has twice led to its redescription. The four

yellow spots noted in the key are conspicuous, in addition to which a yellow

spot on each notopleuron may be distinct. Besides the types of the three

species, I have seen examples from Zanzibar, Sierra Leone, and Nyasaland.

Mepachymerus spp. (baculus group)

The group of species exemplified by the genotype, M. baculus, is charac-

terised by the slender, elongate body, legs and wings; fore tarsus compressed,

distinctly broadened and flattened in side view; palpus black; thorax entirely

dull, grey to brownish-grey pollinose; frontal triangle long and narrow, the

central area depressed and dull, the thick, ridgelike margins and the apex

smooth and polished; second costal sector unusually long, 2°5 to 3 times the

length of the third sector.

To this group belong M. baculus Speiser (1910) (= lepidopus Becker, 1910),

M., longicollis (Becker, 1910), M. nigricornis (Lamb, 1917), M. lentus (Curran,

1928), M. lepidopus var. apicalis (Malloch, 1929), and M. pachylophus (Séguy,

1938). I have seen the types of all but the last two. All are so close that one

might easily consider them as one species. The differences in leg colour that

have been used are not entirely definite in many specimens, and it is possible

that there is variation enough to encompass most or all of the named forms.

Mepachymerus nigricornis seems to be distinct, for all of the others have

entirely or partly reddish- to orange-yellow antennal segments. Mepachymerus

pachylophus may possibly be the same, for Séguy said that the antennae were

brown-black. As for the remaining species, between the predominantly yellowish

legs of baculus and the predominantly black legs of longicollis, I have seen a

series of intermediates that seem to link the two together, including a number

that would agree with the leg colour described for Jentus. In the present

collection, most of the specimens fall in the latter category. Even though I am

strongly suspicious that there are more available names than species in this

part of the genus, I have recorded the specimens as Jentus. The species may

be distinct, but it is also possible that it is either a dark form of baculus or

a pale form of longicollis. If pachylophus Séguy is not the same as nigricornis,

it is probable that it equals lentus.

[Mepachymerus nigricornis (Lamb) new combination]

Steleocerus nigvicornis Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 8, 19: 39 (Durban, Natal).

Besides the type, I have seen a male and a female from Umbilo, Durban,

Natal, March 8, and August 23, 1914 (L. Bevis) [Imper. Inst. Ent.]. Both are

4°5 mm. in body length, slightly less than in the type.

CHLOROPIDAE 729

The species is closely related to baculus, having the same black palpus, long

and narrow frontal triangle with conspicuously ridged lateral margins, distinctly

compressed fore tarsus, and narrowly elongate wing with unusually long second

costal sector. It is distinguished by the entirely black antenna, light-brown

haltere (the only species of the baculus group in which the knob of the haltere

is not conspicuously cream-white in colour), and the long front, which projects

one-third the length of the eye in front of the eye. These three features seem

to merit recognition of migricornis as a distinct species.

I am unable to place Steleocerus pachylophus Séguy from the description

(1938, Mission Scient. de l’Omo, IV, p. 359). Séguy wrote that the antenna is

brown-black, and possibly the species is the same as nigricornis Lamb. If the

antenna is merely darker than usual, or greasy, the species might be near

longicollis Becker or lentus Curran. It was described from specimens collected

at 2470 metres on Mount Elgon.

Mepachymerus longicollis (Becker), new combination

Steleocerus longicollis Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: gor (Tanganyika).

UcGanpDA: Kalungi Swamp, 12.xi.1934, I (sex ?) (Edwards); Ruwenzori

Range, Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I 6, I Q (Buxton); Masaka,

13.x1.1934, I d (Edwards).

In several specimens the femora are slightly yellowish at the extreme bases,

but apparently this is due to the condition of the individuals. Typically the

femora, tibiae, and tarsi are entirely black. The thorax in this form is very

slender, over twice as long as broad and only 0-7 times the width of the head.

This proportion may be a more reliable means of distinguishing longicollis and

lentus than the leg colour, but the latter is, of course, more readily apparent.

The last three specimens cited above are small, only 3 mm. in length, and

in one the length and height of the head are subequal. However, this is appar-

ently an atypical example, for in the rest of the series, the proportion of length

to height varies from 1:23 to 1-4 times, which is essentially the same as that

of the longer series of M. lentus.

Besides the type and the above specimens, the only other example that

I have seen is a female from Drakensberg, Van Reenen, Natal, November 1926

(R. E. Turner) (Brit. Mus.].

[Mepachymerus baculus Speiser]

Mepachymerus baculus Speiser, 1910, in Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro Exped., 2, art. 10,

p: 197 (Kilimandjaro). :

Steleocerus lepidopus Becker, t910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 400 (Tanganyika). New

synonym.

The separation of the species in this genus was worked out in detail before

the question of the identity of Mepachymerus baculus arose. It was relatively

easy, when the latter was finally considered, to recognise that M. baculus

730 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Speiser could apply only to the species hitherto known as Steleocerus lepidopus

Becker. Brief as is Speiser’s description, it agrees with lepidopus and none other.

There are no specimens of typical baculus in the Ruwenzori collection, but

I have seen material from Nyasaland, Belgian Congo, Zanzibar, and Zululand.

Mepachymerus lentus (Curran), new combination

Steleocerus lentus Curran, 1928, Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. Bul. 57 (6): 347 (Belgian Congo).

UcGanpDA: Ruwenzori Range, Fort Portal, 4.xii.1934, 1 3 (Edwards) ; Ruwen-

zori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xi1.1934-1.1935, 3 d, I 9 (Edwards); Ruwenzori

Range, Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 2 2 (Buxton); Mbarara, 15.xi.1934,

2 9 (Edwards); Masaka, 13.x1.1934, I § (Edwards). I have also seen a specimen

from the same region, though not from the present material, collected on the

south slopes of Mount Elgon, 5100-5800 ft., June 8-13, rgtr (S. A. Neave)

[Brit. Mus.].

As already pointed out, the species seems to me to be intermediate between

baculus and longicollis. For the time being, at least, I have recorded as lentus

those specimens having the legs predominantly black, but with the fore coxa

yellow, and the mid and hind coxae, all trochanters, mid-tibia at least apically,

and at least the basal segments of mid and hind tarsi, reddish-yellow. Typically,

all femora are black, but in a few cases they are partly reddish, especially on

the inner surfaces and basally. The specimens vary in length from 3:5 to 5 mm.

The head is obviously longer than high, the average of ten specimens being

t-29 times (range, I-2I-I°42).

Chromatopterum Becker

Becker, r910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 413. Type, C. delicatum Becker (monobasic).

Chromatopterum suffusum, new species

Female.—Entirely black, except as follows: front reddish-brown; base of the

third antennal segment rufous; antennal arista white; knob of the haltere and

the disk of the scutellum cream-white; fore coxa, knees narrowly, fore tibia,

distal fourth of the mid-tibia, and all tarsi bright yellow; wing distinctly

browned, the marginal and submarginal cells especially dark, with a hyaline

subbasal spot consisting of the costal cell and small basal portions of the

marginal, first basal, and discal cells immediately behind the costal cell.

Head large, broader than the thorax; front wider than an eye, the frontal

triangle large, smooth and highly polished, with convex sides and attaining the

anterior margin of the front; face polished, shorter than broad, flat below, but

the upper portion with a broad, blunt carina separating the bases of the

antennae; eye bare, large, occupying almost the entire head in profile; cheek

linear, with a row of 5 long hairs pointed antero-ventrad; proboscis slightly

CHLOROPIDAE 731

elongate; third antennal segment not orbicular, the upper portion slightly

produced; arista pubescent; all bristles and hairs black, the former long but

rather slender, chaetotaxy as follows: very long inner and outer vertical bristles;

long, proclinate and moderately divergent ocellars; postverticals minute and

hairlike, appearing as if absent; 1 long, reclinate, upper fronto-orbital, located

nearly opposite the median ocellus, and 5 short and weak lower fronto-

orbitals; interfrontal hairs bordering the triangle set on the front, the triangle

itself entirely glabrous.

Mesonotum predominantly shining, sparsely brown pollinose on the posterior

slope just before the scutellum, on the posterior half of the pleuron, and the

scutellum itself; humeral angles not prominent, sloping back from the neck;

mesonotum with short black hairs set in fine punctures, the dorsocentral lines

slightly impressed, but the usual median line absent; mesopleuron smooth and

glabrous; scutellum unusually short, nearly 3 times as broad as long; bristles

long and black; 1 humeral, 1+-2 notopleural, 1 postalar, 1 posterior dorsocentral,

I apical and 1 subapical scutellar, the apicals widely separated at their bases.

Abdomen shining, though sparsely brown pollinose ; first two visible segments

long and conspicuous, the second as long as the remainder of the abdomen;

second to fourth tergites curving ventrad and meeting on the mid-ventral line,

but the first tergite terminating abruptly on the sides, leaving a br oad ventral

membrane with large shining sternite on the mid-line.

Legs slender, fore coxa slender and elongate; ‘“‘sensory area’’ on the postero-

dorsal surface of the hind tibia linear and inconspicuous.

Wing venation similar to that figured by Becker (1910, Fig. 10) for the

genotype, C. delicatum, the apical portion of the wing broader and more rounded ;

costa extending slightly beyond the apex of third vein; length of the second

to fourth costal sectors as 32:18:7; second and third veins strongly diverging,

the submarginal cell thus strikingly broadened apically; third and fourth veins

slightly convergent; discal cell narrow throughout its length, the hind crossvein

being but little longer than the anterior or small crossvein, the latter distinctly

proximad the mid-point of the discal cell; fifth vein strongly curved forward

on its middle portion, narrowing the discal cell.

Length, 2 mm.

Holotype, female, Kilembe, 4500 ft., Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, xu1.1934-

1.1935 (Edwards).

Chromatopterum suffusum is the second known African species of the genus.

It is easily distinguished from the genotype, C. delicatum, by the extensively

browned wings, yellow disk of the scutellum, broader front, convex sides on

the frontal triangle, white arista, and entirely black hind tibia.

It is possible that the species has a peculiar method of walking or perching.

The area between the base of the abdomen and the hind coxae is unusually

high, the fore coxae are elongate, and all three pairs of coxae are close together

732 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The peculiar structure of the abdominal segments has already been noted. In

the present specimen, the abdomen is turned upward, as in some small wasps,

though this might have been due to or accentuated by drying. In several

respects, morphologically, the species is a peculiar form,

Homops Speiser

Homops Speiser, 1923, Wien. Ent. Ztg. 40: 99 (= Ops Becker, 1910, preoccupied).

Ops Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 402. Type, Chlorops callichvoma Loew

(monobasic). Preoccupied by Ops Nicéville, 1895, and Ops Gistel, 1848.

The most recent key to the numerous species of this typically Ethiopian

genus is that by Séguy, 1933 (Mem. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra, 1933, Sér. I,

no. 67, pp. 45-6). The species known to the writer run fairly well in this key

although unfortunately 3 species named by Lamb were not included. Of

the omitted species, Homops glaberrima (Lamb, 1912) (Seychelles Is.) will run

to callichroma Loew, differing in having the frontal triangle yellowish, with

only the ocellar spot black. Homops glaberrima var. dentata (Lamb, 1912)

(Seychelles) is probably a distinct species because of the entirely yellow abdomen

and the dentate appearance of the mesonotal spot. In Séguy’s key it will run

to furcata Becker, which it-resembles in the form of the mesonotal spot, but

the black triangle and 4 big black pleural spots of furcata will save the two

from confusion. Homops nigra (Lamb, 1917) (Mozambique) will run to madagas-

cariensis Enderlein, but the black abdomen will separate it from Enderlein’s

species, which I found from the type to have an entirely yellow abdomen.

Of the thirteen known species of the genus, only one was found in the

present material.

Homops callichroma (Loew)

Chlovops callichroma Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. 17: 96 (Caffraria).

Ops callichvoma (Loew) Becker, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 403.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7—8.11.1935, 18 3, 9 2 (Edwards).

The good series from Budongo Forest shows that the characteristics of black

frontal triangle, mesonotum and abdomen, the two black pleural spots (on

mesopleuron and pteropleuron), and the entirely yellow legs, are consistent.

The apex of the triangle is somewhat yellowish in most specimens, and the

sternopleural and hypopleural spots are orange and therefore somewhat evident

on the yellow pleuron. There is a slight variation in the extent of black on the

mesonotum adjacent to the scutellum. In most of the specimens, the meso-

notum is broadly black up to the scutellum, in a few specimens this is reduced

to a narrow connection, perhaps half the width of the scutellum, and in five

specimens (4 3, 19) the black is completely interrupted and there is consequently

an entire, narrow prescutellar band of yellow. In all cases, however, the band

is narrow and never appears as a dentate area, as in furcata and dentata.

CHLOROPIDAE 733

The consistently yellow legs of the present long series leads one to question

the identity of what Becker (1910) described as a dark-legged variation of

callichroma, and which was included by Séguy under the latter name.

A further important point from this series is that there is a slight but

distinct sexual dimorphism in the width of the front between the eyes. In the

females, the distance between the eyes is slightly greater than the width of an

eye, or over one-third the width of the head, whereas in the males the distance

between the eyes is slightly less than the width of one eye. In a few specimens

this narrowing of the front is quite striking, but the effect may be somewhat

exaggerated by the degree of maturity of the individual.

From this observed tendency towards the holoptic condition, one realises

the possibility of going astray in the portions of Séguy’s key which depend on

the width of the interocular space, and the possibility that some of the described

species (especially of the half-dozen described from single specimens) may be

opposite sexes of the same species. However, it has not been possible to check

this from the few examples of other species seen to date, and one can only offer

a word of caution in dealing with the genus.

Homops sp. (callichroma var. ?)

UcaAnpDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

The prescutellar yellow band is slightly wider, and there are 4 black spots

on the pleuron, but otherwise the lone individual agrees with the specimens of

typical callichroma taken at the same time and place.

Thaumatomyia Zenker

Zenker, 1833, Froriep’s Notizen 35: 344. Type, Chlovops notata Meigen (as T. prodigiosa

Zenker) (monobasic).

Chloropisca Loew, 1886, Ztschr. Ent. Breslau 15: 79. Type, Chlovops glabyva Meigen

(by designation of Coquillett, 1910).

The relation of Thaumatomyia and Chloropisca has been discussed in detail

by Sabrosky (1943, Canad. Ent. 75: 116-17). Some writers have tried to save

the better-known name of Chloropisca by restricting Thaumatomyia to the

relatively hairy species like notata, but that characteristic differs in degiee among

the species and is quite unsuitable as a generic character.

Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen)

Chlovops notata Meigen, 1830, Syst. Beschr., 6, p. 144 (Europe).

Chlovopisca punctipleuvis Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11:

New synonym. :

Chlorops sp., Johnson, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1898: 164.

Ucanpa: Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 5.viii.1934, “sweeping short grass”’, I 9

(Ford).

151 (Ethiopia).

734 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

This lone specimen is the common and wide-ranging Palaearctic species,

notata Meigen. The triangle is almost entirely yellow, there being a slight trace

of brown along the midline. The individual might therefore be recorded as

var. flavifrons Macquart but for the difficulty of correctly assigning to different

varietal niches the diverse individuals of a variable species. Indeed, the range

of variation appears to run the whole gamut of extent and intensity of colour

and may further be affected by the condition or maturity of the specimen.

Becker’s C. punctipleuris is undoubtedly a synonym. Becker himself

mentioned the similarity in his description, and his note regarding the partially

reddish thoracic stripes in one example shows that they fall well within the

known range of variation for C. notata (viz. var. pretiosa Duda).

The specimen recorded by C. W. Johnson from Sheikh Husein, Somaliland,

as ‘‘Chlorops sp.’’, has been examined through the courtesy of E. T. Cresson, Jr.,

and was found to be typical notata.

Thaumatomyia secunda (Becker)

Chloropisca secunda Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 241-242 (Ethiopia).

Ucanpa: Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulambuh, 8000 ft., 7.vili.193.4

(Ford), 19; Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., 5.vili.1934, ‘‘sweeping short grass”’

(Ford), 2 3, 1 2; Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., 9.vui.1934 (Ford), 1 3; Mt.

Elgon, Bulambuli, 9500 ft., 8.vili.1934 (Ford), ‘on Lobelia aberdarica,” 1 9.

These six specimens are not as dark as a long series before me from Mana-

gascha (3000 m.) and Oocsecso, Ethiopia | British Museum], and the apex of the

scutellum is more broadly yellow. However, specimens of secunda differ con-

siderably in appearance. Of the 37 specimens from Oocsecso, Ethiopia, 26 have

an entirely black scutellum while 11 show various degrees of a yellow apical

spot. In the paler specimens, the yellow basal portion of the third antennal

segment is also more distinct and slightly more extensive.

I suspect that Chlorvopisca natalensis Becker (1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung.

14: 427) may be the same species, but with the yellow apical spot on the

scutellum more extended. It is possible also that C. cicatricosa Becker (1912,

ibid., 10: 243) may represent another form of secunda. The synonymy is merely

suggested as a possibility, however, for it is dangerous to generalise upon an

incompletely known fauna from a few specimens.

[Siphlus Loew]

Loew, 1858, Berl. ent. Ztschr. 2: 120. Type, S. megacephalus Loew (monobasic).

A large, robust, rather peculiar South African species that has been thrice

described, and a new species from Northern Rhodesia are recognised here as

the genus S7phlus Loew. Though the grounds for recognising the two species

as a separate genus are not great, it is desirable for the present to segregate

CHLOROPIDAE 735

them from typical Thaumatomyia. Fortunately, Loew’s name is available

and a new name is not required. A final decision on its relation to Thauma-

tomyia, whether as a subgenus or as a distinct but closely related genus, will

rest upon more complete study of the species and a revision of the genera of

Chloropidae.

I can find only two features that separate S7phlus from Thawmatomyia:

the form of the scutellum, with the disk somewhat convex rather than flattened

and sharply margined, and the peculiar appearance of the mesonotum and

scutellum, which are covered with small but striking, reddish to black swellings

at the bases of the short dark hairs (Fig. 3). These spots are particularly

conspicuous in the new species.

Malloch placed the first species.in the genus Chloropisca (i.e. Thaumatomyia),

and this species and its relatives may actually be aberrant members of that

genus. The general form of the entire body, the highly convex thorax, the

reduced chaetotaxy, the wing venation, and the large and distinct ‘‘sensory

area’’ on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia are all suggestive of that

genus. The broad, rugose cheek (Fig. 2) is, of course, different from the usual

Thaumatomyia, but even that extreme is approached in such species as the

Holarctic T. tvifasciata (Zett.). The single notopleural bristle mentioned by

Malloch as possibly a generic character is likewise found in some species of

Thaumatomyia, including the common and widespread 7. glabra (Meigen), for

there seems to be a tendency in the genus towards progressive reduction in

notopleural bristles from 1+-2 strong to 0+1 short and weak.

I have not seen the genotype of Homalura, the European H. tarsata Meigen,

but from the description the present species do not properly belong in that

genus. Enderlein’s Homalura disciventris, from Madagascar, is quite obviously

unrelated, and from the description it may well be a Rhodesiella.

The species are decidedly more robust than most Chloropidae. Both are

about 4 mm. in length, and from 1-75 to 2 mm. wide, with the thorax about

the same in height.

The genus occurs also in the Oriental Region, for the specimens recorded

from Ceylon by Becker (1911, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9: 50) as S. mega-

cephalus are certainly congeneric, though I cannot comment on their specific

status.

[Siphlus vittatus (Wiedemann), new combination]

Homaluva vittata Wiedemann, 1830, Auss. Zweill. Ins., 2, p. 574 (Cape of Good Hope).

Siphlus megacephalus Loew, 1858, Berl. ent. Ztschr. 2: 120 (Caffraria). New synonym.

Chlovopisca vugiceps Malloch, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 8: 546 (S. Rhodesia).

New synonym.

The types of H. wittata and C. rugiceps have been studied personally and

the above synonym established. Loew’s description and 4 figures of S.

736 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

megacephalus clearly apply to the same species. The type of vzttata was examined

in the Zoologisches Museum of the University of Berlin (now the Deutsches

Zoologisches Museum). Becker (1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 397) wrote that

he could not find the type there, but I was informed by the Curator of Diptera,

Dr. G. Enderlein, that this type was in the old Erichson collection in the

Museum and had not been seen by Becker. The specimen bears two handwritten

labels on bright green paper, “‘ Pr.b.sp. Krebs”’ (the Latin abbreviation meaning

the Cape of Good Hope), and “‘vittata Wied.’’, together with a museum type

label. The specimen was collected by Ludwig Krebs.

The species is distinguished from the following by entirely black mesonotal

stripes, disk of the scutellum brown-black, and the piliferous swellings less

conspicuous, though present. The broad cheek (Fig. 2) is about the same in

both species.

Besides the type specimens mentioned above, I have seen the species from

Warmbaths, Transvaal, December 6, 1929, (H. K. Munro), and Umfuli River,

Natal, November 1895 (G. A. K. Marshall).

[Siphlus seminiferus, new species]

Like S. vittatus, but the mesonotal stripes reddish and the entire mesonotum,

disk of the scutellum, and dorsum of the abdomen studded with numerous

reddish to black piliferous swellings, the surface having the characteristic

appearance of certain types of bread covered with poppy seed.

Species with clay yellow ground colour; ocellar tubercle black, a narrow

median stripe, the sides of the frontal triangle, and adjoining parts of the front

brown; mesonotal stripes reddish, metanotum polished black, and brown spots

on meso-, sterno-, and hypopleuron; abdominal segments and legs with some

infuscation.

Head short, the height nearly 1-4 times the length; front broad, half the

width of the head at the vertex and widening slightly anteriorly ; frontal triangle

polished, the sides straight or slightly concave, narrowing sharply to an acute

apex that reaches the anterior margin of the front; sides of the triangle basally

with about 2 irregular rows of the same black dots found on the mesonotum,

and scattered black dots on the front itself; cheek as in vittatus (cf. Fig. 2),

very broad, nearly three-fourths the height of an eye, the surface roughened

by a number of diagonal ridges and grooves; face narrow and short; antenna

small, in profile inserted opposite the lower margin of the eye; no cephalic

bristles developed.

Thorax broad and stocky, the notum strongly convex; mesonotum with

3 broad stripes and 2 narrow supra-alar spots, none of which reaches the

hind margin of the notum; scutellum large, apically rounded, the disk convex,

with 5 or 6 pairs of short black marginal bristles near the apex, none of them

CHLOROPIDAE 737

3h 5

Figs. 1-5. Fig. 1.—Pachylophus inornatus Loew, head, dorsal view; Fig. 2.—Siphlus

vittatus (Wied.), head, side view; Fig. 3.—Szphlus seminiferus Sabr., portion of disk of

scutellum, highly magnified; Fig. 4.—Parectecephala gigas Sabr., head; Fig. 5.—Parecte-

cephala gigas Sabr., ventral view of puparium.

developed as outstanding apical bristles; mesonotum and scutellum studded

with piliferous black spots as described above, the hairs minute and scarcely

discernible except under high magnification (Fig. 3); the usual thoracic bristles

minute and not differentiated from hairs. Dorsum of abdomen with less

conspicuous, often reddish, piliferous spots.

Wing veins strong and brown, the costal cell very broad, second and third

veins nearly straight, third and fourth weakly divergent, and the fore crossvein

approximately opposite the middle of the discal cell.

Length, 4 mm.; width of thorax, 2 mm.

738 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Holotype, female (2), Lunda, Congo Border of Northern Rhodesia, April 28,

1928 (H. Silvester Evans). Type in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

Lasiosina Becker

Becker, 1910, Archivum Zoologicum 1: 73. Type, Chlorops cinctipes Meigen (by original

designation).

Lasiosina ( ? sordida Becker)

Chlovops sovdida Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 150 (Ethiopia).

Ucanpa~: Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., ‘‘ sweeping short grass’’, 5. vili.1934,

3 9 (Ford).

The small series is identified tentatively as Lastosina sordida (Becker) (new

combination). I have seen the types of both sordida and Lastosina aethiopica

Becker, and both are typical Lasiosina. The latter has entirely reddish femora

and tibiae and entirely black antenna; sordida, on the other hand, has the basal

antennal segments yellow, the third segment yellow to reddish at least basally,

and all femora and the hind tibia centrally dull grey-black. Otherwise they

are very close, having 3 broad, dull grey pollinose, black stripes on the

notum, dull black scutellum, black thoracic and abdominal hairs and bristles,

polished black frontal triangle with large, dull grey pollinose ocellar spot, black

arista, and 3 to 4 pairs of long fronto-orbital bristles.

I have no material from Ethiopia for comparison, though a series from

Drakensberg, Natal, seems to be quite typical of sordida. The series from Mt.

Elgon is slightly different from the Natal series, however, having the fore and

mid-tibiae considerably infuscated, the third antennal segment mostly infus-

cated, the notum and pleuron darker and the stripes nearly fused, and a slightly

ditferent but almost imperceptible narrowing of the frontal triangle. No males

are available, so the genitalia cannot be checked. The differences are so slight

that I would not recognise a new form here without study of extensive series.

They may fall within the normal variation of sordida Becker.

Chlorops Meigen

Meigen, 1503, Mag. f. Insekt. 2: 278. Type, Musca pumilionis Bjerkander (by designa-

tion of Westwood, 1840). See discussion by Sabrosky, 1941, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34: 740.

Chlorops kinangopica, new species

Male, female.—Bright yellow, marked with black as follows: antenna and

arista, frontal triangle, occiput except below and behind the eyes, mesonotum

up to the humeri and notopleura, a large spot on each humerus, 6 pleural spots

(a small one below anterior spiracle, 2 on the lower margin of the mesopleuron,

a large sternopleural spot, and smaller spots on ptero- and hypopleuron),

CHLOROPIDAE 739

metanotum, tergum of the abdomen except sides and narrow apex, fore tarsus

entirely, distal segment or two of the other tarsi, and a median band on the

hind tibia, all shining except for the dull grey pollinose metanotum and hypo-

pleural spot; front outside the triangle brown except anteriorly; basal antennal

segments sometimes brown or dark reddish-brown but never definitely yellow ;

palpus often faintly infuscated apically; frontal triangle often brown, some-

times with small obscure yellow spots flanking the median ocellus; squamal

lobes and the marginal fringes of hairs brown; knob of the haltere cream-white ;

femora usually more or less browned on the apical third to half.

Front broad, 3 times the width of an eye and three-fifths the width of

the head, the anterior margin projecting beyond the eye, but the width at

vertex still 1-2 times the length; frontal triangle flat, large, the base over

o-8 times the width of the front and the apex reaching the anterior margin of

the front; cheek width one-fourth the height of an eye and two-thirds the

breadth of the third antennal segment; third antennal segment subquadrate,

the length and breadth approximately equal; arista pubescent, the basal seg-

ment thickened; bristles black but fine and not conspicuous; ocellars proclinate

and slightly divergent; postverticals slightly proclinate but subparallel or

converging.

Mesonotum rather thickly but finely punctured, with numerous dark hairs,

the prescutellar slope thinly brown pollinose; mesopleuron glabrous; scutellum

short and broadly rounded, less than two-thirds as long as broad at base, with

numerous long hairs on the disk; notopleural bristles 1-+2, the anterior slender

and hairlike, the posterior stronger ; marginal scutellar bristles weak and hairlike,

the apicals widely separated at base, the subapicals (possibly 2 pairs) scarcely

distinguishable from the discal hairs.

Legs slender; hind tibia without a posterodorsal “‘sensory area”’.

Wing membrane brown tinted, the veins strong and dark brown; second

and third veins concave anteriorly, the fourth nearly straight and the third

and fourth widely divergent ; length of second and third costal sectors as 18:17;

fore crossvein opposite the outer two-thirds of the discal cell; penultimate

sections of third and fourth veins subequal.

Male hypopygium broad, dull grey, the free distal ends blunt, shining black,

and abruptly flared outward.

Length of male, 3-0-3-25 mm.; of female, 3-75-4°0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 23 paratypes (14 3, 9 9), Mt. Kinangop,

gooo ft., Aberdare Range, Kenya, November 1, 1934 (Edwards). Also 4 para-

types, same locality, 8000 ft., October 1934 (I 3, 2 2), and 12,000 ft., October

30, 1934 (I 3). Paratypes in the U.S. National Museum.

At first glance, the species might be referred to Epichlorops because of the

black, unstriped mesonotum, the large size, and the proportions of the head.

The relation of the various segregates of Chlorops sens. lat. is a difficult problem,

740 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and I shall leave the species in the genus Chlorops until there is good reason

to assign it more definitely.

In general appearance and most of its characters, C. kinangopica is like

C. laevigata Becker, but the latter is differentiated by the two large and striking

triangular yellow spots on the frontal triangle, extending anterolaterad from

the ocellar tubercle; yellow to whitish squamal lobes and fringe; polished black

metanotum; and yellow humerus, with at most only a faint tiny brown spot.

[Chlorops laevigata Becker]

Chlovops laevigata Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 407 (Tanganyika).

The distinguishing characters of this species are noted under the closely

related C. kinangopica. Besides the type of laevigata Becker, I have seen

specimens from Drakensberg, Natal; Meru, Kenya; and taken in a plane from

Tuba to Kisumi, E. Africa [Imper. Inst. Ent.].

[Haplegis nitens Lamb]

Haplegis nitens Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 19: 47 (Natal).

Chlorops unicoloy Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 408 (Tanganyika) ; 1913, Ann.

Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 148 (Ethiopia). Preoccupied by Chlorops unicolor Loew, 1863, Berl.

ent. Ztschr. 7: 51. New synonym.

This distinctively marked species is shining black with yellow legs and basal

antennal segments, and cream-white knob of the haltere. The eye is large and

bulging, the cheek is linear, and the front is almost as shining as the frontal

triangle. I do not believe the species belongs in either Haflegis or Chlorops,

but I have recorded it in its original combination until the generic assignment

can be satisfactorily determined. It will run to Chlorops in the generic key.

In addition to the types of both of the above names and the series from

Ethiopia, I have seen only 3 specimens, from Shangani, Southern Rhodesia

[Imper. Inst. Ent.], Ceres, Cape Province [Brit. Mus.], and Pretoria, Transvaal

[H. K. Munro].

Chlorops sp. (adpropinqua Becker var. ?)

Chlovops adpropinqua Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 244 (Ethiopia).

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., 1.xi.1934, 2 g, 2 2

(Edwards).

The above specimens agree quite well with Becker’s description and with

my notes and photographs of the holotype, except in having only a small black

spot on the mesopleuron. The type has large black spots on both sterno- and

hypopleuron. Otherwise, the combination of large black frontal triangle,

polished black mesonotal stripes, large black third antennal segment, arista

whitish with black base, and blackish palpus, will separate this form from other

CHLOROPIDAE 74

described species. Unfortunately, I have seen no other material for comparison

to determine whether the Kenya specimens are only a variation of adpropinqua

or whether they may be a subspecies or even a new species.

SPECIES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN CHLOROPS AND THAUMATOMYIA

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., 11.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

Ucanba: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 8 5, 2 2 (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xil.1934-1.1935, 3 § (Edwards).

This series of 14 specimens can be divided into 8 apparently distinct

segregates, though it is possible in some cases that variation might be

great enough to encompass in fewer species what appear to be distinct forms

in this small amount of material. One form is represented by 5 specimens,

the others by only one or two each. In view of the great difficulty of distin-

guishing between the species of Chlorops and Chlorops-like flies, even under

the best conditions, it seems most unwise to attempt to describe on the basis

of this limited material.

The group of species is intermediate between Chlorops and Thaumatomyia,

and will perhaps be recognised as a distinct genus when the Chloropinae are

adequately studied. They have the usual yellow and black striped habitus of

both genera, and most of them suggest Tiaumatomyia in having a small narrow

“sensory area’ on the hind tibia. In some individuals it cannot be ascertained,

but most of the above specimens are either slightly teneral, or they are soft-

bodied and the legs are curled or collapsed and difficult to interpret. Unlike

Thaumatomyia, however, the scutellum is not flattened and margined and the

apical scutellar bristles are not approximated. One specimen with white

pubescent arista has the third antennal segment a trifle longer than broad, and

somewhat resembles Parectecephala.

All of the species before me have a characteristic appearance of the head,

with linear to sublinear cheek, large frontal triangle with convex sides, large

and orbicular third antennal segment, and conspicuously narrow marginal and

discal cells.

Chlorops completa Becker, from Ethiopia, is the only described species that

I am sure belongs in this species group, but I cannot recognise it in the above

material.

Parectecephala Becker

Becker, 1910, Archivum Zoologicum 1: 105. Type, Chlovops longicornis Zetterstedt

(by designation of Duda, 1933).

Parectecephala gigas, new species

Female.—Yellow species, marked with black as follows: frontal triangle on

the ocellar tubercle, midline, apex and sides (leaving 2 pairs of yellow spots

flanking the ocelli, somewhat variable in extent, as in Fig. 4), occiput broadly

742 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

black on the same width as the base of the triangle, 3 broad stripes and 2

narrow supra-alar vittulae on the mesonotum, a small humeral spot, a spot

below the anterior spiracle, one long and one short spot along the lower margin

of the mesopleuron, the metanotum, abdominal tergites on their upper surfaces

except for the narrow yellow apical margins of the fourth and fifth segments,

and the distal two segments of all tarsi; outer side of fore femur and a

median band on the hind tibia somewhat infuscated; sterno-, ptero-, and

hypopleural spots orange; scutellum entirely yellow with no infuscation on

the disk; hairs and bristles black; antenna orange, the third segment slightly

infuscated apically; arista of the usual type for the genus, appearing slightly

thickened and pubescent, the basal segments yellow and the flagellum silvery

white.

Head broad and short, 1-4 times as broad as long, the front projecting a bit

beyond the eyes and the greatest length of the head 1-14 times its height; front

broad, 1-18 times its own length, nearly 3 times as wide as an eye, and

nearly two-thirds the width of the head (Fig. 4) ; frontal triangle large, polished,

the base occupying over o-8 times the width of the front at the vertex, the

sides slightly convex, narrowing to a point opposite the anterior margin of the

eyes and continued forward narrowly to the anterior margin of the front, a

narrow but distinct groove on the basal half of each side, along the extreme

margin of the triangle; cheek moderately broad, one-third the height of an eye

and nearly as broad as the third antennal segment; facial carina broadly

separating the bases of the antennae; third antennal segment slightly longer

than broad.

Mesonotal stripes and metanotum dull, heavily grey to brown-grey pollinose,

the black of the median stripe ending opposite the base of the wing and the

prescutellar slope entirely brown; pleuron polished; mesopleuron glabrous;

1-2 notopleural, 2 postalar, 1 posterior dorsocentral, and 3-4 pairs of marginal

scutellar bristles black and distinct, the latter subequal in length and grouped

on the apical third of the scutellum.

Wing veins strong; length of second to fourth costal sectors as 53:31:17;

veins 3 and 4 divergent, the third vein straight; fore crossvein slightly

beyond the middle of the discal cell; penultimate section of fourth vein equal

to the length of the ultimate section of fifth vein.

Length, 4°5-5°0 mm.

Holotype and 1 paratype, both females, Kilembe, 4500 ft., Ruwenzori

Range, Uganda, x11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards) {British Museum, Ruwenzori Exped. |.

Also «1 female paratype with puparium, and I puparium (unemerged),

Kampala, Uganda, x11.1930 (H. Hargreaves) {Imper. Inst. Ent.]. The lone

puparium was labelled “‘ Pennisetum, attacks youngest leaves’’; the reared adult

with a puparium bore a label ‘‘similar to pupa attacking youngest furled leaves

of Pennisetum at growing point’’.

CHLOROPIDAE 743

The large size alone will distinguish gigas from most of the other species

of Parectecephala or related Chloropinae. It is close to P. varifrons Lamb, also

a large species, but the latter has no mesopleural spots nor a narrow hind

marginal yellow band on the fourth abdominal segment, and it has a narrower

cheek and a characteristic frontal triangle (cf. Lamb, 1917, Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist., (8) 19: 53, Fig. 12).

The puparium of P. gigas is quite unusual, and has been figured (Fig. 5).

It is 12°5 mm. long and about 1-75 mm. wide, elongate and of the general

habitus of Meromyza, the wheat stem maggots. The posterior end terminates

in a large, rugose, horseshoe-shaped structure, with the tiny ends of the tracheae

visible at the apices of the two projections.

Parectecephala sp.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., x.1934, 1 9 (Edwards).

The specimen has an unusual frontal triangle, with 6-7 narrow grooves on

each half of the triangle, paralleling the sides. The species is apparently

undescribed, but the third antennal segment is broken off and it seems best

to defer description until a complete analysis can be given. From the long

second antennal segment, I infer that the third segment is also elongate, and

may be of the type found in Parectecephala.

(?) New genus of Chloropinae

UcanpaA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

The lone specimen has the general habitus of an oscinelline rather than a

chloropine genus, except for the wing venation. It may be a new genus, but

it is left undescribed here in the hope that later discovery of additional material

will permit a more complete generic diagnosis.

Subfamily OSCINELLINAE

For the most part, the genera of this subfamily are better demarcated than

in the Chloropinae, though there is still room for considerable difference of

opinion, particularly as to the status of various segregates that have been named

in Oscinella sens. lat. Two new genera are erected here, and a few new generic

synonyms proposed, but for the most part the existing generic classification

is provisionally recognised. A thorough generic revision from a world stand-

point is badly needed and will be the proper place for detailed comments on

the status of the existing genera.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF OSCINELLINAE OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

1. Wings and halteres absent. 6 5 5 : . : : 5 i 2

Wings and halteres present

II, 7 (¢)

744 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

First visible abdominal segment elongated, almost equal to the combined length

of the following 3 segments, or the frontal triangle polished black

{[Alombus Becker]

First segment not strongly elongated only slightly longer than any one of the

following segments; frontal triangle and thorax dull, densely grey pollinose

Conioscinella Duda, in part (C. aptera, n. sp.)

3. Habitus like Sepsis, with head as long as high, long axis of the eye nearly

horizontal, abdomen petiolate, and second abdominal segment also strongly

constricted basally; mesopleuron with numerous hairs; ocellar bristles erect,

subparallel or slightly converging (figs. 6, 7). . [Mimosepsis, n. gen.]

Habitus not at all suggestive of Sepsis, the head almost always higher than

long, the abdomen usually broad at base, and the second segment never

constricted; mesopleuron bare or haired, but if haired, then the ocellars are

long, proclinate and widely divergent . : : 4

4. Mesonotum and scutellum thickly beset with long, erect spines: abdominal

segments fused, apparently only 2 segments present ; . Anatrichus Loew

Mesonotum and scutellum with the normal short clothing hairs and the usual

few pairs of bristles; abdomen with 4 to 5 segments evident in dorsal view . 5

5. Hind tibia with a strong apicai or subapical spur that is longer than the

diameter of the tibia. : [Cadvema Walker]

Hind tibia without such a spur, rarely with a preapical rudimentary spur that

is at most subequal to the diameter of the tibia. 6

6. Mesopleuron with distinct hairs; ocellar bristles strongly proclinate and widely

divergent; hind tibia without, or only with a minute or linear, indistinct

‘sensory area”’ on the posterodorsal surface . é Gf

Mesopleuron without hairs;! ocellar bristles as above; hind tibia with a distinct

“sensory area’’, only occasionally absent or linear and inconspicuous . Io

Mesopleuron without hairs;! ocellar bristles erect to slightly reclinate (rarely

proclinate, and then minute), and at most subparallel, pee convergent

to cruciate; hind tibia with a distinct “‘sensory area” . it.)

7. Scutellum huge, rounded, broader across the middle than across the base,

sometimes almost hiding the abdomen, resembling the scutellar development

in the family Celyphidae; marginal scutellar bristles numerous, 6 or more

pairs of equal length inserted at regular intervals around the scutellar

margin ‘ Epicelyphus Becker

cutellum conical or subconical, - narrowing more or less regularly from base to

apex, not expanded as above (rarely short conical or rounded in a few

species of /thodesiella); marginal scutellars few in number, usually 1 pee

of apical bristles and 1-2 pairs of subapicals . 8

8. Arista glabrous; cheek broad, highly polished, the surface glabrous: long axis

of the eye more or less diagonal. Scoliophthaimus Becker

Arista distinctly pubescent, though sometimes microscopically so; cheek

narrow, usually linear, if broader, not smooth and glabrous; long axis of

the eve vertical . 9

9. Scutellum with 2-3 pairs of elongate, fingerlike marginal ‘projections, bearing the

scutellar bristles . : (Dactylothyrea Meijere]

Scutellum without such prolongations, sometimes with distinct tubercles at

the bases of the scutellar bristles. ‘ Rhodesiella Adams

10. Two distinct humeral bristles, the upper one strong and directed mesad ; more than

I pair of dorsocentral bristles sometimes pr esent : Lasiopleura Becker

Generally only one prominent humeral bristle, a lower or posterior one, all

humerals directed caudad; never more than 1 pair of dorsocentrals, the

prescutellar pair . : c : : : : d : Q Il

11. Anal area of the wing broad: front relatively short and broad, the breadth

greater than the length é ; [Psilacrum Becker]

Anal area of the wing narrow, sometimes the anal margin almost paralleling

the fifth vem; front with a distinctly narrow appearance, longer than

broad . : : é : : ‘ : . Stenoscinis Malloch (in part)

‘In all cases, coarse pollen or a short appressed nap may be present, and it may be

argued that these are modified hairs, but I use ‘‘hairs’’ in the sense of the slender, erect

clothing hairs like those on the mesonotum, Mimosepsis is an example having both kinds

present on the mesopleuron.

138

T4.

16.

17:

18.

10.

20.

CHLOROPIDAE TAS

Postvertical bristles stout, straight, parallel, directed slightly caudad; eye bare;

cheek broad, characteristically divided by a diagonal ridge extending from

the lower posterior angle of the eye to the vibrissal angle, the lower half

often smooth and polished (Fig. 10); front rather shining (the German

“fettglanzend”’), the frontal triangle not sharply demarcated; long axis of

the eye diagonal; first basal cell strongly broadened; hind crossvein at least

slightly oblique : 13

Postverticals typically erect and cruciate, sometimes only conver gent, if parallel

to subparallel, then the eye densely pubescent; eye usually ‘pubescent and

the long axis of the eye usually vertical; some or all of the other characters

not as above : L7

Third antennal segment acutely angulate at the apex above; “ scutellum flat on

the disk, broadly rounded apically, semicircular in outline, with short,

approximated apicals and about 8 pairs of short subapical bristles that

are barely longer than the discal hairs . . [Anacamptoneurum Becker |

Third antennal segment apically rounded; scutellum not as described, eg

more elongate, “and conical or subconical ; 14

Mesonotum with fine punctures arranged in regular rows; face not carinate;

scutellum narrowly elongate conical, highly convex, the scutellar_ bristles

arising from the lower margin; notopleural bristles 1-+-2 . Hetevoscinis Lamb

Mesonotum densely and strongly punctured, often not in regular rows; facial

carina strong and distinct, though usually thin; scutellum broader, the

disk flattened or neany so; Soeur bristles 1-+1 or I+3 or more,

rarely 1+2 I5

Notopleural bristles I ef or more, ., rarely appearing as I 42 2 with the uppermost

posterior weaker and less distinct; subapical scutellar bristles numerous

(7-12 pairs), stout and all subequal in length; legs slender Polyodaspis Duda

Notopleural bristles 1+-1; subapical scutellar bristles less numerous, usually

3-7 pairs. 16

Fore femur enlarged, ‘the posteroventral ridge with a row of spines or denticles

(except in EF. fascipennis, an aberrant form, distinguished by 3 black

fasciae on the wing); oral opening short and broad; proboscis short, incon-

spicuous; front smooth, without ees punctures or with a few minute

ones, usually appearing glabrous. Epimadiza Becker

Legs slender, the fore femur never enlarged nor ar ‘med with spines or denticles ;

oral opening narrow, longer than broad; proboscis of varying length, more

slender and elongate than in Epimadiza; front with conspicuous piliferous

punctures, often appearing as dark spots : 0 Goniopsita Duda

Facial carina strong, usually separating the bases of the antennae and con-

tinuing ventrad to the epistoma, the antennal foveae concave, sometimes

deeply so; antenna small, the third segment short and rounded . ; 18

Facial carina usually absent or low, and the face flat; if the carina sometimes

developed, then the third antennal segment elongate, 2 to 4 times as long

as broad, or mesonotum with 3 deeply incised lines of punctures, or the

frontal triangle covered with deep pits. : 21

Long axis of the eye strongly diagonal; head elongate, distinctly onsen onan

high: front unusually broad, 3—4 times the width of an eye; facial carina

strong and broad, as wide as a third antennal segment; notopleural bristles

I+ . [A prometopsis Becker]

Long axis of the eye vertical or nearly SO; head not elongate, ‘higher than long;

front much narrower than above; facial carina usually not as strongly

developed; notopleurals 1-+2 1n most species . : 19

Second vein extremely short, the second costal sector manent gnsu than the

third sector; head bristles minute, the ocellars and postverticals erect and

convergent; eye bare, or appearing so, at most with minute, sparse pubes-

cence; proboscis short . ‘ Siphunculina Rondani

Second vein relatively long, the second costal sector definitely longer than the

third sector; head bristles longer, the postverticals parallel to “subparallel ;

eye densely long a a or short haired; proboscis usually slender,

elongate, geniculate : ¢ : F ; ; E . 20

Frontal triangle with numerous enone piliferous punctures, about 3 rows on

each side of the triangle ; é : c é . Calamoncosis Enderlein

746

21.

22.

23.

25.

26.

27.

28,

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Frontal triangle with a single row of punctures on each side

[Madiza Fallen (= Siphonella Macquart)]}

Frontal triangle pitted with numerous large piliferous punctures; postvertical

bristles stout, straight, parallel, pointed slightly caudad Anomaocevos Lamb, part

Frontal triangle smooth, not pitted; postvertical bristles erect and convergent

or cruciate (if parallel to subparallel, the bristles are slender and weak) . 22

Mesonotum with the median and 2 dorsocentral lines of punctures deeply

incised; arista slender . : : Tricumba Lioy

Mesonotum with the 3 lines of punctures not deeply incised, though they are

usually present and more or less evident (especially in a, with

flattened arista) . 23

Scutellum with the marginal bristles on " fingerlike projections or distinct

tubercles, or the arista flattened and sword-shaped, or both; notopleural

bristles usually, but not always, 0-4-1 or I-+1 . 24

Scutelum without either fingerlike projections or distinct tubercles, the arista

not flattened and sword- -shaped : notopleural bristles usually 1-+-2, rarely less 27

Scutellum elongate conical with approximated apical scutellars; no distinct

subapical scutellars; notopleural bristles 1-++2

Pseudogauvax Malloch, part! (atypical species with flattened arista)

Scutellum not as described, either trapezoidal or short and broadly rounded

apically, the apical scutellars not approximated; 1 or 2 pairs of distinct

subapical bristles (Elachipteya Macquart, sens. lat.) . 25

Scutellum of the Oscinella type, short and broadly rounded ‘apically, the disk

convex, not flattened and trapezoidal; marginal scutellar bristles slender,

not borne on distinct tubercles; typically 1 or 2 pairs of strongly developed

fronto-orbital bristles. . Elachiptera (Melanochaeta Bezzi), part

Scutellum usually flattened and trapezoidal in outline, apically subtruncate,

marginal scutellars strong, set on distinct tubercles or on fingerlike pro-

jections : 20

Fronto-orbital bristles fine and ev en, short to minute, none well developed and

outstanding; scutellum subquadrate, slightly convex, with elongate, finger-

like projections . A ; A Elachipteva (Cyrtomomyia Becker)

(See also discussion under Disciphus Becker)

I or 2 pairs of well-developed, outstanding fronto-orbital bristles; scutellum

usually slightly elongate, thin and flattened, trapezoidal in outline, with

1 to 3 pairs of marginal tubercles . Elachiptera (Elachiptera)

I or 2 pairs of fronto-orbital bristles well developed and outstanding; wing,

head and body (with the exception of the scutellum) with the habitus of

Elachipteva . . Llachiptera (Melanochaeta), part

(A. few species with only slightly thickened arista which may run past

couplet 23)

Fronto-orbitals fine and approximately equal in length, not with 1 or 2 well

developed and outstanding; not with the habitus of Elachiptera . F 28

Scutellum more or less elongate, conical, tapering to a narrow apex (if rarely, as

in P. dissimilipes, the scutellum is short and broadly rounded, then the disk

is strongly flattened); apical scutellar bristles more or less approximated;

subapical bristles usually absent, or not distinct from the hairs; eye and

arista densely long pubescent to short haired . 29

Scutellum of the usual Oscinella type, short and broadly rounded in outline:

apical scutellar bristles usually widely separated basally; 1 or 2 pairs of

distinct subapical bristles; eye and arista short pubescent, occasionally bare 30

Third antennal segment typically reniform, broader than long, with the arista

inserted far from the base of the third segment (if the segment is unusually

elongated, as in P. longicoyvnis, the prolongation is in the dorsal portion of

the segment, and the arista is at the apex); pos crcal bristles cruciate

except in P. abervans) . . Pseudogauvax Malloch

Third antennal segment not reniform, its length I-I-I: 6 times the breadth, and

the arista inserted near the base of the segment; postvertical bristles parallel,

directed slightly caudad 2 : : : 5 Anomeoceros Lamb, part

1 Gampsoceva scutella Lamb, described from the Seychelles, will also run to here because

of the form of the scutellum. I have material of the species from Mauritius, but in poor

condition for study. The antenna is more like Elachipterva, the scutellum like Pseudogaurax.

CHLOROPIDAE 747

30. Antenna unusually elongate, the third segment. 2 to 4 times as long as broad

at the middle 3 31

Antenna not elongate, the third segment subreniform to orbicular or sub-

quadrate, at most subequal to the “breadth : 32

31. Frontal triangle dull, heavily grey pollinose, short, barely half the length of

the front;. “third antennal segment broad at the base, narrowing to a sub-

conical apex, about twice as long as broad at the middle . . Pselaphia Becker

(one African species, P. covnifera Becker)?

Frontal triangle shining and polished, long, extending to the anterior margin

of the slightly projecting front; third antennal segment about 4 times as

long as broad, the dorsal margin somewhat concave in profile [Leucochaeta Becker!

(one known species, L. tvapezina Becker) |

32. Second vein unusually long, the second costal sector 2-5 or more times the

length of the third sector : . Dicraeus Loew

Second vein not unusually Jong, ranging from subequal to or ‘slightly less than

the third sector to 1-5 or 1-75 times the latter 33

33. First costa] sector unusually long, 1-5—2-0 times the length of the second sector;

radial sector long, half the length of the Jong discal cell, the branching of

the second and third veins almost midway on the wing: outer crossvein

oblique : Camptoscinella n. gen.

First costal sector shorter than the second: radial sector usually short and

inconspicuous, the branching of the second and third veins at most at the

basal fourth of the wing; discal cell opel truncate, or the outer crossvein

only slightly oblique. : : : 34

34. Body, wing and legs long and narrow; anal area of the wing greatly reduced,

the wing appearing long petiolate because of the absence of an anal‘ angle’’;

eye large, the cheek linear; ocellar bristles usually proclinate and divergent

or subparallel : Stenoscinis Malloch

Body, wing and legs shorter and stouter, not narrowed; anal area of the wing

broadly developed, an anal “‘angle’’ present; eye usually smaller, and the

~ cheek broader, though the proportions differ considerably among the species ;

ocellar bristles erect and cruciate . : : . 35

35. Third antennal segment reniform, distinctly broader than long (1-5 times in

Gaurax africanus) . Gaurax Loew (= Botanobdia Lioy)

Third antennal segment not reniform, but orbicular or nearly so, the length

and breadth approximately subequal. 36

36. Frontal triangle entirely or predominantly smooth and polished, except for

occasional extensions of the pollen on the ocellar tubercle (exception is

O. splendida, with the unusual combination of sparsely pollinose triangle

and shining, polished mesonotum) . . Oscinella Becker

(of authors. See discussion for the status of this and the following two names)

Frontal triangle entirely pollinose, though sometimes sparsely so; mesonotum

pollinose ; ; : : : é 37

37. Frontal triangle dull, heavily grey pollinose. : : : Conioscinella Duda

Frontal triangle subshining, finely dark pollinose — . Tyopidoscinis Enderlein

[Alombus Becker]

Becker, 1914, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 83: 129. Type, A. politus Becker (monobasic).

Becker described this genus as related to Oscinella, but characterised by

the absence of wings and halteres. It was based on one species, A. politus

Becker, collected on Kilimandjaro at 2800-3740 metres. Villeneuve (1934, Rev.

Zool. Bot. Afr. 25: 240, and 26: 68) has added two more species, 4. scutellatus,

collected on Lobelia and Senecio at 4200 metres on Ruwenzori, and A. seminitidus

from Mombasa, Belgian Congo. Of these, I have seen a part of the type series

of the genotype, and 2 paratypes of A. scutellatus.

1See discussion under Pselaphia.

48 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

No material of Alombus was collected by the British Museum expedition.

The sole wingless species has been described as Contoscinella aptera. The

described species of Alombus are quite unlike C. aptera, and they seem not at

all related to Contoscinella, though their affinities with known and typically

winged genera might be examined further when material is available. In a

number of respects, the species appear to be related to Elachiptera.

[Mimosepsis, new genus]

Type species: Mimosepsis mallochi, new species.

Closely resembling Sepsis in the general form of the body (Fig. 6), particu-

larly of the abdomen, and with wing venation and subapical black wing spot

like that genus, but placed in the Chloropidae because of the convergent post-

vertical bristles, definite frontal triangle, large and conspicuous clavate palpus,

sharp propleural carina, subcostal vein close to the first vein and apically fused

and ending with it in the costa, subcostal break in the costa, slight flexure of

the fifth vein near the base of the penultimate section, and distinct “sensory

area’’ on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia (the last-named character

found in most of the Oscinellinae, though in only a few of the Chloropinae).

The anal cell is absent, there being no anal vein.

Generic diagnosis : subfamily Oscinellinae, with costa extending to the fourth

vein and large “sensory area’ on the hind tibia; head longer than usual, the

length subequal to the height at the vertex; eye large, in profile occupying

almost the entire head, the long axis nearly horizontal, appearing bare though

with minute sparse pubescence when viewed under high magnification; cheek

linear; face short, broader than long and weakly carinate, epistoma well dorsad

of the vibrissal angle; ocellar and postvertical bristles erect and subparallel to

shghtly convergent; inner and outer vertical bristles both distinct; 6 pairs of

fronto-orbitals, the upper three a trifle stronger but all hairlike and none

outstanding; antenna short, the second segment not elongate, the third sub-

quadrate; arista long, slender, and pubescent. Mesonotum longer than broad,

with relatively sparse, fine piliferous punctures arranged in regular rows;

mesopleuron with fine hairs on the entire surface; humeral bristle present but

weak and hairlike; notopleural bristles 1+-1, the posterior nearly twice as well

developed as the anterior; I postalar and 1 posterior dorsocentral; scutellum

short and apically rounded, the disk convex, I pair of widely spaced apical

bristles but no distinct subapicals; metanotum unusually large, its vertical

height 3 times that of the scutellum. Abdomen petiolate, and with a striking

subbasal constriction (igs. 6, 7). Legs slender, the hind pair elongated, hind

femur nearly 1-5 times the mid-femur. Wing moderately slender, the anal area

weakly developed; first basal cell not broadened; second vein long, the second

costal sector 3:7 times the third sector; third and fourth veins converging

CHLOROPIDAE 749

Tigs. 6-8. Fig. 6.—Mimosepsis maillochi Sabr., side view; Fig. 7.—Mimosepsis mallochi

Sabr., dorsal view of abdomen; Fig. 8.—Rhodesiella adamsi Sabr., hind femur, anterior

aspect.

apically, narrowing the apical cell; fore crossvein opposite the basal third of

the discal cell and proximad the subcostal break; discal cell long, the hind

crossvein only 1-5 times its own length from the wing margin.

{Mimosepsis mallochi, new species]

Head and body reddish-black to black, the darkest specimens black with

only the basal third of the third antennal segment, the palpus, narrow orbit,

750 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and humerus, reddish to yellow, the front brown; in paler specimens the

propleuron and side of the mesonotum are reddish and the rest of the

body is reddish-black; legs not in good condition, but the coxae, trochanters,

fore tibia, and all tarsi yellow to reddish-yellow, sometimes the middle .

tibia at least distally and the bases of the fore and mid-femora yellow,

the rest of the legs dark reddish to reddish-black; wing hyaline, veins yellow,

with 2 conspicuous black areas, a basal one including the area proximad

and anterior to the base of the discal cell, including the entire costal and

first basal cells, and a large subapical spot extending from the apex of

the second vein to the fourth vein (Fig. 6); haltere with yellow knob and

brown stalk.

Front at the vertex 2-5 times as wide as an eye and over half the width of

the head, subshining; frontal triangle finely pollinose, but subshining and not

sharply demarcated from the front, its base only two-thirds the width of the

front and its length little over two-thirds that of the front; proboscis elongate,

o-g times the length of the head, the distal portion broadened and flattened;

bristles short, dark yellow to fuscous.

Thorax and scutellum subshining but entirely finely grey pollinose; hairs

yellow, I-2 irregular rows between the doubled median (acrostichal) row and

the dorsocentral rows; bristles like those of the head, dark yellow to fuscous.

Abdomen like the thorax, but more finely pollinose and somewhat more shining ;

basal segment apparently finely granular.

Length, 3 mm.

Holotype and 3 paratypes, Ibadan, Nigeria, April 14, 1934, “‘Cocoa’’

(A M. Gwynn) [Imp. Inst. Ent., I paratype in the U.S. National

Museum}. Two of the paratypes are females, the others of unknown

SOX.

The species is named in honour of my friend, Mr. J. R. Malloch, noted

dipterist, who has been keenly interested for many years in the Acalyptrate

Diptera.

This peculiar species differs in various respects from two other known genera

of sepsidlike chloropids, Sepszdoscinis Hendel and Myrmecosepsis Kertész, both

described from Formosa. No material of either is available for direct com-

parison at this time, but fortunately I examined the genotypes of both some

years ago in the Hungarian National Museum at Budapest. The first named

has a conical scutellum with 2 pairs of long, bristle-bearing, fingerlike exten-

sions like those of Disctphus or Dactylothyrea, and a wing venation more usual

for Oscinellinae, with the second vein not unusually long, the second and

third veins anteriorly concave, and the third and fourth veins diverging.

Myrmecosepsis is a peculiar wingless form with the thorax, scutellum and

abdomen covered with long, flattened hairs, yellow with black tips, as in

Anatrichus.

CHLOROPIDAE 751

Anatrichus Loew

Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. 17: 97. Type, A. evinaceus Loew (monobasic).

Anatrichus erinaceus Loew

Anatrichus evinaceus Loew, 1860, Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. 17: 97 (S. Africa).

UcGanpba: Kigezi, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.1934, 1 gd (Ford); Ruwenzori,

Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 5 g, I 2 (Buxton); Ruwenzori, Kilembe,

4500 ft., xil.1934-1.1935, 3 46, 2 2 (Edwards) ; Ruwenzori, Fort Portal, 4.x11.1934,

Ig, 19 (Edwards).

The peculiar abdomen and the spiny appearance of thorax and scutellum

set the species forth as one of the strangest developments in the family. It

occurs commonly throughout many parts of equatorial Africa and also in the

Oriental Region. Séguy (1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4: 360) records it at

2100 metres from two localities in Kenya, including the east slope of Mt. Elgon.

I have seen numerous specimens from Cape Province, Central Ethiopia, Natal,

Nyasaland, Southern Rhodesia, Transvaal, and Uganda.,

There is slight sexual dimorphism in the antenna, the third segment of the

male having a narrow rounded bulge midway on the apical margin, whereas

the apical margin of the antenna of the female is straight, though the third

segment is a bit angulate above.

The two examples from Fort Portal are larger (3-5 mm. against 2-5—3-0 mm.

for the others) and seem longer spined than the rest of the series.

[Cadrema Walker]

Cadrema Walker, 1860, Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) 4: 117. Type, C. lon-

chopteroides Walker (monobasic).

Prohippelates Malloch, 1913, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 46: 260. Type, Hippelates pallidus

Loew (by original designation and monobasic).

The name Cadrema does not replace the widely known name, Hippelates

Loew, for the common eye gnats, but rather for the genus which Malloch

recognised as distinct under the name of Prohippelates. There is only one

species of typical Cadrema in the New World, the wide-ranging Cadrema pallida

(Loew). The genus is best developed in the Oriental Region, and there are also

several species in Africa. Hippelates femorata Lamb, H. nigrescens Lamb, and

H. longiseta Lamb (probably a synonym of pallida), all described from the

Seychelles, belong here. For remarks on other species that have been described

from Africa as Hippelates, see the following discussion under “Species near

Hippelates stigmatica Lamb”’.

There are no species of typical Cadvema in the Ruwenzori collection.

Species near Hippelates stigmatica Lamb

Ucanba: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 10,100 ft., xul.1934-1.1935,

I ¥ (Jackson).

RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

The specimen belongs to a small group of species with yellow head and

thorax, more or less distinct mesonotal stripes (varying from pale reddish to

black), large, round, shining black mesopleural spot, and a distinctive wing

venation in which the third vein is straight and the ultimate section of the

fourth vein is strongly convex anteriorly, curving forward in a wide arc. All

of the specimens of the group that I have seen have a small anterodorsal spur

near the apex of the hind tibia, in the same position as those species of Cadrema

and Hippelates that have the spur preapical rather than apical. The “‘spur’’

varies from short, yellow and inconspicuous, to black and subequal to or even

a trifle longer than the greatest diameter of the tibia.

The generic affinities of these species and, for that matter, their specific

identities also are obscure. They are not at all related to Cadrema and they

do not bear much resemblance to the Nearctic and Neotropical Hippelates.

The fronto-orbital bristles are strongly developed, usually 3 or 4 pairs,

and this is somewhat suggestive of certain species of Melanochaeta, some of

which, incidentally, also show a short “‘spur”’ on the hind tibia. In the generic

key they will run to Oscrnella and Contoscinella, unless the strong fronto-orbitals

cause them to be confused in couplet 27 with Melanochaeta.

On the basis of the relatively few specimens thus far examined, I have been

unable to separate the species satisfactorily. In one species of which I have

a fairly good series from Aburi, Gold Coast, there is sexual dimorphism in the

antenna, the female having an entirely black third segment, the male a chiefly

yellow segment, narrowly infuscated dorsally. In other species, however, this

does not seem to hold true. There appear to be some differences in the width

of the cheek and the pollen on the mesonotum, but too few specimens are

involved to be sure.

The following described species belong in this species group:

Hippelates opacus Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 249 (Ethiopia).

H. stigmata Lamb, 1912, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) 15: 334

(Seychelles).

H. bipustulatus Bezzi, 1926, Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1925: 557

(1. Rodriguez).

The specimens which Becker recorded from Tanganyika as Oscinella

pectoralis Becker (1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 435), and probably those

later recorded from Uganda and Transvaal under the name O. sexstriata (1916,

Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 436-437), are also involved here.

Epicelyphus Becker

Epicelyphus Becker, r911, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9: 95. Type, FE. principalis Becker

(monobasic). y

Celyphomima Enderlein, 1920, Zool. Jahrb. (Jena), Syst. Abt. 43: 333. Type, C. beckeri

Ienderlein (by original designation). New synonym.

CHLOROPIDAE 753

This genus with strikingly developed scutellum reminiscent of the family

Celyphidae was originally founded by Becker for a lone species from New

Guinea. Malloch (1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 8: 69-70) presented a

key to the three known species, all from the Indo-Australian Region. Some

years before, however, Enderlein had described 2 species from Spanish Guinea

under the genus Celyphomima. I have seen the types of both species in the

Zoologisches Museum der Universitat, Berlin, and they are typical Epicelyphis.

C. G. Lamb (1937, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 20: 421-425) discussed the

genus and described 2 more African species, of which one, swbditicus, belongs

in Rhodesiella.

There are thus available 3 specific names for African Epicelyphus:

beckert Enderlein and chrysomelina Enderlein, both described from Spanish

Guinea, and verws Lamb, described from Sierra Leone. In my judgment, the

last-named is a synonym of chrysomelina (new synonymy). Because of imper-

fections in the type specimens and scarcity of other material, it has been

impossible to arrive at any defensible conclusion on the relative status of the

first two available names. For the same reasons it seems unwise to do more

than offer a tentative identification of the following three specimens from

Uganda.

Epicelyphus beckeri (Enderlein) (?)

Celyphomima beckevi Enderlein, 1920, Zool. Jahrb. (Jena), Syst. Abt. 43: 334 (Spanish

Guinea).

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.11.1935, 2 2 (Edwards).

The specimens agree well with the description of beckert and my notes on

the types, and are probably that species. The tremendous development of the

scutellum, which is longer and broader than the thorax and completely hides

the abdomen, will readily distinguish them from all other Chloropidae. The

species is coal-black except for the genitalia, the weak, pale yellow halteres

and bright yellow tarsi, on which the distal two segments are slightly browned.

All bristles are shining black and all clothing hairs, except on the tarsi, are

black to brownish-black. It is noteworthy that the mesopleuron and part of

the sternopleuron are covered with appressed, slightly flattened, silvery-white

“hair’’, with some erect, slender, dark clothing hairs. Two pairs of fronto-

orbital bristles are present and well developed, both on the upper fourth of the

front quite close to the vertical bristles. Body length: 3-5—3-75 mm.

Epicelyphus sp.

UcanbDaA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, I g (Edwards).

Because of the similarity of date and locality, it is possible that this is the

dimorphic male of the previous species. The differences are so striking, however,

that one hesitates to associate, or yet to describe, until a long series is available.

754 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The general colour is black, with yellow haltere, tarsi and genitalia as in the

female specimens, and also with orange to brownish coxae, fore and middle

femora and fore tibia. The antenna is yellow, with slightly browned basal

segments and apex of the third segment. All hairs and bristles are pale, silvery

white. There are 6 pairs of long reclinate fronto-orbital bristles. The pale,

appressed “‘hairs’’ on mesopleuron and sternopleuron form a broad band down

the side as in the females.

Scoliophthalmus Becker

Becker, 1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: 147. Type, S. tvapezoides Becker (monobasic).

Study of a number of African species has convinced me that the usually

accepted generic diagnosis of Scoliophthalmus must be broadened slightly to

include some species in which the third antennal segment is apically rounded.

This is a departure from the long-established conception that one of the generic

characters was the acute upper apical angle of the third antennal segment. At

least one species, and perhaps several, that were described in Rhodesvella difter

from the latter genus in several particulars, notably the glabrous arista, broad,

polished cheek, and the somewhat diagonal long axis of the eye. For a time

it seemed that these species could be made the basis of a new genus, differing

from Scoliophthalmus by having the third antennal segment rounded, the discal

cell apically subtruncate, and the hind crossvein not oblique, but some species

with the acute antennal segment of typical Scoliophthalmus have the subtruncate

discal cell. In all other respects the species are quite similar, and I believe that

the angulate antennal segment is a character of specific rather than generic

importance.

Generic diagnosis: eye bare, the long axis more or less diagonal; cheek

broad, smooth and polished, the surface glabrous; arista glabrous; facial carina

not developed; face slightly concave, the epistoma slightly warped forward;

vibrissa strong; ocellar bristles proclinate and widely divergent; postverticals

erect and cruciate; mesonotum and scutellum rather densely punctured, without

regular rows; mesopleuron with distinct hairs; thoracic chaetotaxy 1 humeral,

I-+1 notopleural, 1 postalar, 1 posterior dorsocentral ; marginal scutellar bristles

few in number, usually I apical and 1-2 pairs of subapicals; hind tibia without

or with only a minute and indistinct “sensory area’’ on the hind tibia postero-

dorsally; second, third and fourth veins nearly straight, subparallel, the second

close to the costa and the marginal cell narrow.

Becker’s Meroscinis femorata is here referred to this genus. Three other

African species of Meroscinis described by Becker as having the arista entirely

bare may belong here:

AMevoscinis annulata Becker, t910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 432 (Tanganyika).

Mevoscinis bicoloyv Becker, 1910, l.c., p. 431 (Tanganyika).

Mevoscinis Kovdcst Becker, 1913, op. cit., 11: 158 (Ethiopia).

CHLOROPIDAE 755

I have before me 4 specimens with the rounded type of antenna, all

females, of apparently two species, judging from the form of the scutellum.

They may belong to one or another of the above, or may be new. With so few

specimens from scattered localities (Belgian Congo, Uganda, Sierra Leone), I

shall leave them unnamed in the hope of later seeing additional material and

associated males.

Two other specimens, from Natal and Southern Rhodesia, that belong to

an apparently undescribed species near femoralis, are also left undescribed until

more material can be found for study. I have likewise seen a specimen from

South Africa that runs to the Egyptian species tvapezoides in the key, but

I have no material of the latter for detailed comparison. It is apparent from

the small amount of material seen that some undescribed species may be

involved, and the key should accordingly be used with that caution in mind.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SCOLIOPHTHALMUS

r. Third antennal segment orbicular, apically rounded ;! haltere with black knob,

fore femur strongly incrassate, with flexor spines. : Se eae (Becker)

Third antennal segment with acute upper apical angle . : 2

2. Haltere whitish yellow; discal ceil noe subtruncate, the hind crossvein not

oblique 5 : : ; ‘ 3

Haltere with black knob; hind crossvein strongly oblique

3. Hind femur strongly bowed, with a stout spine on the flexor surface near the

base . : : [S. femoralis Beck.]

Hind femur not so strongly bowed, and without such a spine . [S., n. sp. ?]

4. Legs entirely black; costa described as ending just ees the third vein

(Egypt) : . [S. tvapezoides Beck.}

Tarsi partly yellow; costa extending to the fourth vein (Tanganyika)

[S. micantipennis Duda]

Scoliophthalmus femorata (Becker), new combination

Meyvoscinis femovata Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 437 (Uganda).

UcGanDaA: Masaka, 13.x1.1934, 2 5 (Edwards).

Shining black species, only the antenna, the knees and apices of all tibiae

narrowly, all tarsi, and the stalk of the haltere, yellow.

Length, 2-0-2°5 mm.

This is a striking species with several peculiarities that set it off from most

of the other species of the genus. Perhaps the most striking feature of all, and

which might easily deceive one into believing that it is a species of Epimadiza,

is the greatly enlarged fore femur, with a row of 8-9 strong, spinelike, black

posteroventral bristles, and the correspondingly curved fore tibia. In the two

males of the present collection the fore coxae are extended and the fore femora

project forward below and somewhat anterior to the head. The pose is typically

raptorial, though it is not known whether these adults have that habit. The

character occurs in both sexes.

1See note in the preceding discussion that other species of Rhodesiella (= Meroscints)

described as having glabrous arista may also be found to belong here.

756 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

[Dactylothyrea Meijere]

Meiere, 1910, Tijd. Ent. 58: 154. Type, D. infumata Meijere (by designation of

Sabrosky, 1941).

Flaphaspis Bezzi, 1912, Rev. Zool. Afr. 2: 82, 84. Tvpe, Rhinotova leucopsis Bigot

(by original designation and monobasic).

This genus is known from several species in the Oriental Region, but it

appears to be uncommon in Africa, or at least rarely recorded. Bigot (1891,

Ann. Soc. ent. France 60: 386) described a specimen from the Ivory Coast as

Rhinotora leucopsis. Bezzi (1g12) recorded another specimen of the same species

and proposed for it a new genus, Elaphaspis, which was synonymised with

Dactylothyrea by Sabrosky (1941, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 384: 752). I know of

no further published records.

I have before me 4 specimens that agree perfectly with Bigot’s description

and Bezzi’s lengthy redescription. Two are from the Bwamba Valley, Uganda,

July 1945 (van Someren) ; one, Kampala, Uganda, May 17, 1934 (H. Hargreaves) ;

and one, Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, November 16, rgro [all Imper. Inst. Ent.].

Another specimen, from Cholo, Nyasaland, appears to be an undescribed species.

Rhodesiella Adams

Rhodesiella Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3: 197. Type, R. tavsalis Adams (by

original designation and monobasic).

Macrostyla Lioy, 1864, Atti Ist. Veneto, ser. 3, 9: 1126. Type, Chlorops plumigey Meigen

(monobasic). Preoccupied by Macyostyla Winnertz, 18406.

Meroscinis Meijere, 1908, Tijd. Ent. 51: 172. Type, MV. scutellata Meijere (monobasic).

Aspistyla Duda, 1933, in Lindner’s Flieg. Pal. Region, Lig. 72, p. 224. Change of name

for Macrostyla.

Lonchonotus Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 337. Type, L. forymosus Lamb

(by original designation and monobasic). New synonym (as subgenus).

RKhodesiella is a large and common genus that ranges widely throughout the

I-thiopian and Indo-Australian regions. It is a very distinctive group, with the

following generic characteristics:

Fye bare; frontal triangle smooth and glabrous, not punctured or pitted;

postvertical bristles erect and cruciate, the ocellar bristles long, proclinate, and

strongly divergent; third antennal segment small, short, broader than long;

arista distinctly long pubescent or short haired; notopleural bristles 1+1;

mesopleuron with numerous long hairs; scutellum usually large and conspicuous,

‘sensory area’’ on the hind tibia minute or absent.

I see no justification for recognising Lonchonotus as a distinct genus, and

it is here accorded the status of subgenus. It agrees with all of the fundamental

characteristics listed above and the apparent differences are only in degree of

development, such as in the large tubercles on the scutellum (which are really

enlarged bases of the bristles and not fingerlike extensions of the scutellum

itself), the large male genitalia, and the long hairs on the sides of the frontal

triangle, which are set farther out on the surface of the triangle than in the

usual species of the genus.

the disk ‘more or less convex :

CHLOROPIDAE 757

In view of the number of species of Rhodesiella not represented in the present

collection, I have not included a complete key to the genus.

Rhodesiella tarsalis Adams

Rhodesiella tarvsais Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3 (6): 198 (S. Rhodesia).

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Katamayo, 8000 ft., October 1934, 1g (Edwards).

UcanpaA: Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1g, 29°, Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500-7500 ft.,

1 9, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., 2 3, 2 9, all from Ruwenzori Range, xii.1934-

1.1935 (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range, Nyamgasani Valley, 6400 ft., xii.1934—-

1.1935, I Q (Buxton); Mbarara, 15.xi.1934, 1 g (Edwards); Budongo Forest,

711.1935, 1 9 (Edwards).

A series of specimens before me is here determined as ¢arsalis Adams, for,

although some appear quite different because of small size, or entirely black

antenna, or shorter scutellum, there is sufficient variation to indicate that only

one species is involved. The size ranges from a small male of 1-5 mm. to the

largest female of nearly 3 mm. The third antennal segment varies from dark

orange with black margin above and at the apex to entirely black. The propor-

tions of the scutellum vary somewhat, though most of the specimens are as

elongate conical as typical tarsalis.

The specimens with dark antennae are probably the same as that recorded

from Southern Rhodesia by Malloch (1931, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 8: 56)

as Macrostyla aeneifrons (Lamb), originally described from the Seychelles. The

latter name is possibly correctly used. I have seen no material from the

Seychelles for comparison, however, and in view of the fact that the insular

forms are often distinct but very close and difficult to separate, I hesitate either

to use the name aeneifrons for the dark, montane form, or to synonymise it

with farsalis. In any event, the specimens before me fall within the range of

variation of ¢arsalis as I understand the species.

Rhodesiella tarsalis is distinguished by having black haltere; frontal triangle

shining bluish-black or purplish-black, broadly truncate at the apex; palpus

black; scutellum elongate conical, with 2 long apical scutellar bristles, the

subapicals short, little longer than hairs, and scarcely evident; all coxae,

femora, and tibiae black, the tarsi bright yellow with the distal three segments

of the fore tarsus and the distal two of the other tarsi, brown; hind femur only

slightly enlarged.

Bezzi (1919, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 27: 175) maintained that farsalis was

the same species as FR. scutellata (Meiere) {Meroscinis| from the East Indies.

I have seen the types of both species, however, and I agree with Malloch (1931,

l.c., p. 53) that the two are distinct species (Sabrosky, 1940, Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist., (11) 6: 425).

R. tarsalis is a common and widely distributed species, judging from the

amount of material that I have determined from Cape Province, Kenya, Liberia,

758 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Natal, Northern Nigeria, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Sierra Leone, Southern

Rhodesia, Tanganyika, and Uganda.

Rhodesiella adamsi, new species

Near taysalis Adams and valzdissima Lamb, with black haltere and shining

bluish-black triangle with blunt apex, but distinguished principally by the

greatly enlarged hind femur (Fig. 8).

Male, female.—Entirely shining black except for the bluish-black frontal

triangle, orange-yellow third antennal segment, and bright yellow tarsi except

for the distal three segments of the fore tarsus and the distal two of mid and

hind tarsi, which are brown to blackish.

Head as in tarsalis, the triangle slightly narrower and the lateral areas of

the front accordingly slightly broader, but with the same effect of a long bluish

triangle with straight sides and broadly truncate apex; head bristles and hairs

long and conspicuous.

Mesonotum densely and finely punctured, square in outline in dorsal aspect,

the length and width subequal; scutellum conspicuously large, elongate conical,

one and one-third times as long as broad at base, and two-thirds the length of

the mesonotum, with 3 pairs of distinct tubercles, the corresponding bristles

strong and distinct, the apical pair three-fourths as long as the scutellum, the

2 pairs of subapicals short but stout and distinct, one-fifth the length of

the apicals.

Fore and middle legs slender; hind femur (Fig. 8) strongly enlarged, the

greatest diameter one-third the length of the femur and 3 times the diameter

of the hind tibia, the distal halves of the anteroventral and posteroventral

surfaces each with a row of 7-8 stout, short, black spines, forming a crib into

which fits the strongly bowed hind tibia.

Wing similar to that of taysalis, but the ultimate section of the fourth vein

only gently curved forward basally.

Male genitalia differing from tarsalis, each half of the hypopygium with a

slender, fingerlike prolongation of equal width throughout, and three and

one-half times as long as broad.

Length, 2-5-3°0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 2 paratypes (2), Kilembe, 4500 ft., Ruwen-

zori Range, Uganda, xii.1934-1.1935 (Edwards); I paratype ($), Namwamba

Valley, 10,100 ft., Ruwenzori Range, xii.1934-1.1935 (Jackson). Paratype in

the U.S. National Museum.

This large and interesting species is named in honour of my friend, the late

Dr. Charles F. Adams, in whose early paper on “Diptera africana”’ (1905)

appeared the description of Rhodestella tarsalis and many other species from

Southern Rhodesia. .

CHLOROPIDAE 759

Rhodesiella adamsi is very close to tarsalis and validissima and differs

from them only in a few respects. Tarsalis has the hind femur only slightly

enlarged, at most only twice the diameter of the hind tibia, and with fine

weak hairs instead of stout spinelike bristles. Besides this obvious difference,

the subapical scutellars are less distinct, the last section of the fourth vein is

usually strongly curved forward basally, and the prolongations of the male

genitalia are subtriangular in profile, much broader at the base than at the

apex.

Rhodestella validissima is apparently more closely related to R. scutellata

(Meyere), having only 1 pair of subapical scutellar bristles, and with no

mention of distinctly enlarged hind legs.

Rhodesiella infumata (Becker)

Meroscinis infumata Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 158 (Ethiopia).

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 42 (Edwards).

This distinctly marked species is easily recognised by the large dark spot

midway on the wing. Some of its other characteristics are also unlike most of

the other African species of the genus, notably the pale, lemon-yellow haltere ;

unusually small antenna with bright yellow third segment contrasted with

black basal segments; scutellum large and convex, broadly rounded apically,

the width across the apical portion but little less than the basal width, with 2

pairs of outstanding bristles, a long apical pair and a shorter subapical pair;

mesonotum broader than long, thus making the length of the scutellum seem

even greater in proportion; all coxae, femora and tibiae black, only the tarsi,

knees and trochanters yellow; third vein abruptly curved forward apically;

length of second to fourth costal sectors as 12:14:10, superficially appearing

almost subequal.

Rhodesiella confluens (Becker) is similar in many respects, but it has the

antenna entirely yellow and the haltere black, as well as a structurally different

scutellum that is suggestive of Epicelyphus.

Rhodesiella spp.

Ucanpa: Budongo Forest, 7.ii.1935, 3 ¢ (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I 2 (Edwards), and 10,100 ft.,

I 2 (Jackson).

The three males may belong to two different species and the females to a

third species, or all may belong to the same species. Structurally all are similar,

and the apparent differences in colouration may be due to variation. Under

the circumstances, since these few specimens are unsupported by adequate

series and I have no material from other sources for comparison, I prefer to

leave them undescribed for the time being.

Il, 7 (4)

760 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Rhodesiella subditicus (Lamb), new combination

Epicelyphus subditicus Lamb, 1937, Ann. Mag.’ nat. Hist., (10) 20: 424-425, Fig. 2

(Sierra Leone).

UcanpA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 18 3, 35 2 (Edwards); Ruwenzori,

Namwamba Valley, xii.1934-1.1935, I 2 (Edwards); Ruwenzori, Kilembe,

4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 3 2 (Edwards).

Only too often, species of difficult exotic genera are represented by single

or by few specimens. In this case, the excellent series from Budongo Forest

made it possible to check a number of characters which have been used

for the separation of species in the genus. The consistency of such character-

istics as the colour of the haltere, colour pattern of the legs, colour and

furrowing of the frontal triangle, and the form of the antenna was definite

and reassuring.

I have examined the type of suwbditicus Lamb in the British Museum and

must regard it as a typical Ithodesiella. For further discussion, see the remarks

under E'picelyphus.

Additional specimens have been seen from Northern Nigeria, Northern

Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Sierra Leone.

Rhodesiella confluens (Becker)

Mevoscinis confluens Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 157-158 (Ethiopia).

Ucanpa: Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., x11.1934-1.1935, I (3 ?)

(Edwards).

A distinctive species of Rhodestella, with its long, broadly rounded scutellum

and the large brown clouded area on the disk of the wings. I have seen other

specimens only from Kenya and Nyasaland.

Rhodesiella (subgenus Lonchonotus Lamb)

Lonchonotus Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 337. Type, L. formosus Lamb

(by original designation and monobasic).

Lamb quite correctly noted that his genotype was a “‘linking’’ species

between Meroscinis (i.e. Rhodesiella) and Dactylothyrea. As a matter of fact,

it is so nearly intermediate between the two that one can scarcely decide to

which it belongs. The discovery of two other species similar to formosus has

led me to keep the group segregated for the time being, until the genera con-

cerned can be studied on a broad basis. In most respects, the species are closest

to Rhodesiella, and I regard them as extreme forms of that genus.

These species agree with the generic characters listed for Rhodestella. The

mesonotum is more strongly convex than in typical Rhodesiella, and the

CHLOROPIDAE 701

scutellum in side view appears quite thick. There are 2 pairs of small finger-

like marginal projections (cf. Lamb, 1918, /.c., Fig. 12), which are small compared

with the long ones of typical Dactylothyrea, but they are still definite projections

of the scutellum and not merely small tubercles or enlarged bases of bristles

as in Fhodestella. The abdomen is elongate and slender, compared with the

usual broad and short form of Rhodesiella. The male genitalia are strongly

developed, and remind one of the greatly enlarged genitalia of male Dolichopus,

as Lamb suggested. The wing venation is similar to Rhodeszella, with the second

and third veins anteriorly concave and the marginal cell fairly broad.

The genus Dactylothyrea, which reaches its: greatest development in the

Indo-Australian Region, but which is represented in the Ethiopian Region,

though not in the present collection, also agrees with the characters already

stated for Rhodesiella, except that the third antennal segment is larger, and

the arista is only sparsely and microscopically short pubescent, actually appear-

ing bare under low magnification. The long axis of the eye is diagonal, and the

length of the head is nearly equal to the height, a rather different proportion

than in Rhodestella. The abdomen is slender and elongate, the scutellum is

highly convex and bears more or less strongly developed fingerlike marginal

projections, the hind legs are conspicuously elongated, the wings are relatively

narrow, and the second and third veins are anteriorly convex, narrowing the

marginal and submarginal cells and giving an entirely different habitus to

the wing.

Only in the form of the abdomen and the development of scutellar tubercles

does Lonchonotus resemble Dactylothyrea more than Rhodestella. Lonchonotus

differs from both of the others in the strong development of the male genitalia ;

however, a more comprehensive survey of the species involved may show

intermediates in this respect.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHODESIELLA, SUBGENUS LONCHONOTUS

1. All femora and tibiae entirely black, except narrowly at the knees; fore meta-

tarsus yellow ‘ : : [R. formosa (Lamb) |

At least the femora is part yellow; fore metatarsus black 2

2. Basal third to half of the mid and hind femora bright yellow, the rest black,

including the fore femur entirely; male genitalia conspicuously large,

two- thirds as long as the abdomen (Fig. 9) 3 . R. grandis, new species

All femora yellow, only the hind femur narrowly black just before the knee;

male genitalia large, but not as strongly developed as in the foregoing, about

half as long as the abdomen . : . : bakes flavofemorata, new species

[Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) formosa (Lamb), new combination}

Lonchonotus formosus Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 338, Figs. 11-14

(Natal).

No specimens were found in the Ruwenzori material, but I have examples

before me from Port Shepstone, Natal (H. K. Munro) that agree with the

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Tig. 9.—Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) grandis Sabr., side view, showing large male genitalia

folded beneath abdomen.

colour pattern of the legs and the other details described and figured by Lamb.

The male genitalia are like flavofemorata, and not as strongly developed as

in grandis.

Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) grandis, new species

Near formosa (Lamb), but with distinctive colour pattern of the legs, and

unusually long male genitalia.

Male.—Shining black, only the entire antenna, the postalar and the two

pairs of marginal scutellar bristles, the base of the abdomen, haltere, hind coxa,

all trochanters, basal third to half of the mid and hind femora, knees and

extreme apices of tibiae narrowly, and the mid and hind tarsi, yellow.

Front parallel-sided, 1-6 times the width of an eye and nearly half the width

of the head; frontal triangle polished black, occupying nearly the entire front,

the apex at the anterior margin of the front, the sides slightly convex, the

marginal row of piliferous punctures set out from the margin on the surface

of the triangle more than in typical /thodesiella; eye large, the long axis nearly

perpendicular; cheek narrow, sublinear; face smooth, polished black, concave,

not carinate; second antennal segment small, third segment larger than usual

in Rhodesiella, subquadrate, the length and breadth subequal; arista distinctly

long pubescent to short haired.

Mesonotum and scutellum scabrous, the piliferous punctures dense and

coarse, especially on the scutellum; in dorsal aspect the mesonotum sub-

quadrate, a trifle longer than broad, the scutellum elongate conical, one and

one-quarter times as long as broad at base, and slightly over one-half as long

as the mesonotum; profile of the body as in Fig. 9, the mesonotum strongly

CHLOROPIDAE 763

convex, metanotum unusually high, scutellum thick, with 2 pairs of small,

fingerlike projections from the lower margin, the apex of the upper margin

a right angle in profile; both pairs of scutellar bristles conspicuously bright

orange and long and strong, the apicals slightly longer than the scutellum,

the subapicals not quite half as long as the apicals. Abdomen elongate and

slender.

Legs slender, the hind femur only slightly enlarged and not strikingly longer

than the other femora.

Wing faintly browned on the outer half to two-thirds; venation like that

of Ihodesiella, the second and third veins curving forward apically, anteriorly

concave; length of costal sectors 2-4 as 16:13:8; discal cell narrow; fore

crossvein slightly proximad of the middle of the cell, as 9:11.

Male gemtalia (cf. Fig. 9) shining brown-black, strikingly developed, fully

two-thirds as long as the abdomen, each half of the hypopygium over 4

times as long as broad, with numerous long black hairs, especially near the

distal end.

Length, 2°5 mm.

Holotype and 1 paratype, both males, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.11.1935

(Edwards).

Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) flavofemorata, new species

Male.—As described for Rk. (L.) grandis, differing only in the following

particulars:

Legs predominantly deep yellow to orange, only the fore coxa, narrow

preapical band on the hind femur, fore and hind tibiae except the bases and

apices narrowly, and the fore tarsus, black; scutellum in dorsal aspect slightly

broader at the apex, not as narrowly conical as in grandis, the disk slightly

convex and not appearing flat in profile as in that species; male genitalia not

as strongly developed, about half as long as the abdomen.

Holotype and paratype, both males, Kilembe, 4500 ft., Ruwenzori Range,

Uganda, xii.1934-1.1935 (Edwards).

Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) sp.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935,

Ig (Edwards).

The male may represent a new species, but it would be better to have

additional material for judging its characters. It is close to R. flavofemorata,

differing only slightly in the colour pattern of the legs, and in having the frontal

triangle relatively narrow anteriorly.

704 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Rhodesiella (Lonchonotus) spp. females

UcanpbA: Budongo Forest, 7.i1.1935, I 9 (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii1.1934-1.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

It would ordinarily have been supposed that the two females recorded here

were the females, respectively, of grandis and flavofemorata, because they bore

the same data. Each disagrees with the males in some respects, however, and

I cannot be sure of the specific association. There is some possibility, also, that

other undescribed species are involved and, until long series have been studied,

it seems best to describe only the distinct males.

New genus (?) near Rhodesiella

Ucanpa: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 2 ( sex ?) (Edwards).

Two small specimens resembling Rhodesiella in general habitus, especially

in the structure of the mesonotum and scutellum. The resemblance is rather

superficial, however, for the ocellar bristles are convergent, the mesopleuron

is pollinose but not hairy, and the eyes are densely though microscopically

pubescent. The specimens are not in good condition, and I do not wish to

describe them until both generic and specific characters can be adequately

determined.

Lasiopleura Becker

Becker, 1910, Archivum Zoologicum 1: 130. Type, Oscinzs longepilosa Strobl (monobasic).

Lasiopleura sp.

Ucanba: Budongo Forest, 7.i1.1935, 1 Q (Edwards).

The genus Lasiopleuva has not previously been recorded from the African

fauna, though it should be noted that Oscinella gregalis Lamb (1937, Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist., (10) 20: 430-432, Fig. 7), described from Okahandja, S.W. Africa,

is really a Lasiopleura (new combination!). The type series was studied in the

British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The Uganda specimen is definitely distinct from

gregalis, having a sublinear cheek, 2 pairs of long dorsocentral bristles, and

an unusually long pair of apical scutellars. The hind tibia has no spur. The

species is undescribed, but because of the poor condition of the lone individual

and the consequent impossibility of giving a good diagnosis of many of the

essential features, it seems best to defer naming it until more material is

discovered.

Besides the imperfect specimen cited here, I have before me 3 other

specimens of the genus from Africa, apparently representing at least 2 species,

but none of these are in suitable condition for description.

CHLOROPIDAE 705

[Anacamptoneurum Becker]

Becker, 1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: 155. Type, A. obliquum Becker (monobasic).

The acutely angulate third antennal segment has caused this group to be

confused with Scoliophthalmus at times (e.g. Becker, 1910, Archivum Zoologicum

1: 128, actually synonymised them), but the two are quite unrelated. Scolio-

phthalmus is near Rhodesiella, whereas Anacamptoneurum belongs to the

Epimadiza-Goniopsita-Polyodaspis complex of genera. Duda (1933, 7 Lindner’s

Fliegen Palaeark. Region, Lfg. 68, pp. 100-103) recognised this relationship

when he made Anacamptoneurum a subgenus of Goniopsita Duda, though the

former is of course the older name and has priority. Goniopsita is undoubtedly

very close and may be the same, but it seems best for the present to separate

them on the form of the scutellum. The acutely angulate apex of the third

antennal segment has also been used in the key, but this may not hold as a

character of generic significance, just as it has here been abandoned for

Scoliophthalmus.

Duda described the arista of A. obliquum as bare, a resemblance to Scolio-

phthalmus if true, but in reality the arista is not the glabrous type of the latter

genus but is actually microscopically pubescent.

Anacamptoneurum, Polyodaspis, Epimadiza, Goniopsita, and the New World

genus Chaetochlorops are all closely related and form a distinct group. A

comprehensive revision might reduce the number of genera, but until there

is such a basis for action, I have recognised them on the basis of the characters

used in the key.

There are no examples of Anacamptoneurum in the Ruwenzori collection.

I have a few specimens that seem to be intermediate between this genus and

Polyodaspis, from Senegal, Natal, and Nyasaland, but the material is not

sufficiently conclusive for publication at this time.

Heteroscinis Lamb

Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 339. Type, A. vaviegata Lamb (by original

designation).

Heteroscinis variegata Lamb

Heteroscinis vaviegata Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 340 (Chirinda Forest,

S. Rhodesia).

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7—8.11.1935, 1 2 (Edwards).

The lone specimen of this peculiar genus, whose exact relationship is

uncertain, agrees well with Lamb’s description and my notes on the type,

except in being much darker. Some of the areas (occiput, humerus and pro-

pleuron, fore coxa, etc.) described as orange are brown to pitch-black in the

above specimen. This slight difference in colour intensity does not seem to

warrant recognition by a name, certainly not upon a single specimen,

760 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Polyodaspis Duda

Duda, 1933, 7 Lindner’s Fliegen Palaeark. Region, Lfg. 72, p. 224 (= Macrothorax

Lioy, 1864, nec Desmarest, 1851-2).

Macrothovax Lioy, 1864, Atti Ist. Veneto, ser. 3, 9: 1121. Type, Siphonella ruficornis

Macquart (monobasic).

Typical species of this group, whose genotype is the European P. ruficornis

Macq., have a distinct and easily recognised habitus, with the development of

extra notopleural bristles and a large number of strong subapical scutellars.

As pointed out under Anacamptoneurum, however, there is a number of genera

that are closely related and it is rather difficult to determine where generic

limits should be drawn, and whether some should be combined. The chief

characters by which they are distinguished are, after all, only differences in

degree. Thus on the one hand the species of Polyodaspis grade into the less

bristly Goniopsita, and on the other into the strongly bristled genus found in

the Americas, Chaetochlorops Malloch. In fact, the latter seems to be little more

than an exaggerated form of the Polyodaspis type, in which the notopleural

and scutellar bristles are much more abundant. A strong presutural bristle

(a character rarely present in chloropids) is developed in Chaetochlorops, and it

is also present in some of the African Polyodaspis, though not in the European

genotype, P. ruficornis. Pending a further study of the relationships of these

groups, I have recognised the genera as given in the key.

The following key to the species unfortunately fails to place definitely several

of the described species. The descriptions are such that it is reasonably certain

the species belong in Polyodaspis, but the lack of critical details makes it

impossible to place them. Perhaps unrecognised synonymy is responsible for

the similarity shown by the published descriptions. I have several specimens

that appear to represent new species, but with possible variation in the colour

pattern of the legs. With several published names available (Siphonella annuli-

fera Séeguy, Siphonella albipennis Beck., and possibly Gontopsita rhodesiae Duda)

where the descriptions do not furnish needed characters, it seems unwise to

describe them at this time.

Gomopsita rhodestae Duda (1936; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 18: 342)

may or may not be a Polyodaspis as I conceive the genus. The question cannot

be elucidated, for I found that the specimen marked as type in the British

Museum is a drosophilid and quite unlike the original description, undoubtedly

an error of labelling. It was described as having black thorax and black haltere,

with the legs predominantly yellow, marked with black. The important thoracic

chaetotaxy is not mentioned by Duda.

KEY TO THE EGHIOPLIAN SPECIES OF POEYODASPIS

1. Thorax orange with broad black mesonotal stripes; notopleural bristles 1+ 2;

legs mostly yellow, the mid and hind femora in part, and the mid and hind

tibiae almost entirely, black; haltere vellow . 5 F [P. lamborni Duda ]}

CHLOROPIDAE 707

Not with the above combination of characters; thorax entirely black; strong

presutural bristle present ; 2 2

2. Haltere knob black; notopleural bristles 145; legs predominantly black

P. vufitaysis (Beck.)*

Haltere white to yellowish; notopleural bristles pen, 1+4 3

3. Legs virtually all yellow . 3 [P. amabilis (Beck. )]

Legs with black markings on the hind femur and ‘tibia, on the mid femur, and

sometimes on the fore and mid-tibiae . ol é (ER: robusta (Lamb)?

Polyodaspis rufitarsis (Becker), new combination

Siphonella rufitaysis Becker 1914, Ann. Soc. ent. France 88: 130 (Mt. Kenya, 2,400

metres).

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., 11.1935, 3 6, 4 (Edwards) ;

Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 10,000 ft., 26.x.1934, I d (Edwards).

The present series agrees well with Becker’s brief description, based on

specimens from nearby Mt. Kenya, although Becker said nothing of the bristles

on the thorax and scutellum. The species has 2 humeral, 1 well-developed

presutural (unusual in Chloropidae), 1-+-4 notopleural, 3 postalar and 1 posterior

dorsocentral pairs of bristles. There seem to be typically 4 posterior noto-

pleurals, though 3 and 5 were seen on a few specimens. The long apical scutellar

bristles are closely approximated and set at the tip of the acutely triangular

scutellum, with about 10 short, stout subapical bristles down each side, all

subequal in length and having a comblike appearance. All bristles are strong,

black, and well developed.

The males are decidedly smaller than the females (1-5 mm. compared with

2°5 mm.) and were at first sight segregated as a separate species.

Polyodaspis sp.

Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft., 18.x1.1934, I g (Ford)-

The lone specimen may represent a new species, but since it is involved in

the section of the genus containing annulifera and albtpennis, of whose identities

I am not yet satisfied, I shall leave it undescribed for the time being. Two

important features of this species are that there is no presutural bristle, and the

notopleural bristles are 1-4-2, in both of which it differs from P. rujfitarsis.

Epimadiza Becker

Becker, r910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 439. Type, Oscinis rugosa Meijere (by designation

of Enderlein, rort).

The genus has recently been reviewed by Sabrosky (1947, Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist., (11) 18: 821-851, 18 figs.), with detailed descriptions, figures of the

characteristic armature of the fore femur in the various species, and a complete

1 Siphonella albipennis Becker (1916) and S. annulifera Seguy (1939) apparently come

here also, at least on the basis of the dark legs, but [ am unable to identify them further.

2 P. vobusta is very close to amabilis, and may be a variety of that species. I cannot

tell on the basis of the few scattered specimens that I have seen thus far.

768 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

key to the genus. Twenty-one species were recognised in that paper. Eight

specimens of four species were found in the’ Ruwenzori material, three of the

species being new to science, but the descriptions were included in the generic

revision and the present notes are therefore abbreviated.

Epimadiza nigra Lamb

Epimadiza nigya Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 346 (S. Rhodesia).

Epimadiza nigyra Lamb; Sabrosky, 1947, op. cit., p. 831.

UcanpDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, I ¢ (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Kilembe, 4500 ft., xil.1934-1.1935, I g, I (2?) (Edwards).

A dark species, characterised by black haltere and predominantly black

legs, including all coxae, femora, tibiae, and the fore tarsus, only the knees very

narrowly, the proximal four segments of the mid-tarsus, and the proximal three

or four of the hind tarsus, yellow. On the hind tarsus, the distal segment is

always black, but the adjoining preapical segment is sometimes only slightly

browned. The fore femur is greatly enlarged, but lacks the strong posteroventral

spines found in some species of Epimadiza, these being represented here by

about 10 minute black denticles.

[Epimadiza accincta Séguy]

Epimadiza accincta Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de ’Omo, 4 (Zool.), fasc. 39: 363,

Fig. 33 (Mt. Elgon, Kenya).

Epimadiza accincta Séguy; Sabrosky, 1947, op. cit., p. 832, Fig. 2.

The species was described from the region covered by this report, but no

specimens were collected by the Ruwenzori Expedition. It differs from E. nigra

Lamb in having 2 strong outstanding spines on the posteroventral surface

of the fore femur.

Epimadiza montana Sabrosky

Epimadiza montana Sabrosky, 1947, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (11) 13: 844.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, west side of Bwamba Pass, 5500-7500 ft.,

x11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards), 1 2 (holotype).

A species of the mztida group lacking strong, black preapical bristles on the

anteroventral surface of the hind femur. It shares with nztida Lamb the

distinctive character of having the distal two segments of the fore tarsus yellow,

the remainder black. Unlike nztida, however, the fore femur has only tiny

denticles along the posteroventral ridge.

Epimadiza spinetum Sabrosky

Epimadiza spinetum Sabrosky, 1947, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (11) 18: 847, Fig. ro.

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7-8.ii.1935 (Edwards), 1 9 (holotype). Also I 3,

1 9, unlabelled, but from the Ruwenzori material, probably the above locality.

CHLOROPIDAE 769

Like E. montana, this species belongs to the nztida group, being distinguished

by having both the knob of the haltere and the fore coxa bright orange, and the

fore femur strongly enlarged, with a row of stout posteroventral spines.

Epimadiza nana Sabrosky

Epimadiza nana Sabrosky, 1947, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (11) 18: 848, Fig. 1.

Ucanpa: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935 (Edwards), 1 3 (holotype).

Epimadiza nana belongs & the rugosa group, because of the presence of

short but distinct preapical anteroventral bristles on the hind femur, but it

resembles FE. spinetum in general appearance though much smaller.

Goniopsita Duda

Goniopsita Duda, 1930, Folia Zool. Hydrobiol. 2: 69, 72. Type. Goniopsis verrucosa

Duda (by designation of Sabrosky, 1941).

The genotype of Goniopsita is actually a South American species, G. vervucosa

(Duda), and not the Palaearctic G. palposa (Fallén), as stated by Duda (1933)

in his monograph of the Palaearctic Chloropidae. The latter species was not

included in the first publication of the genus (see discussion by Sabrosky, 1941,

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34: 753).

I have not seen the genotype of Gomopsita, but from the description it

seems quite likely that it is congeneric with the European species that Duda

referred to the genus. At least until this and related genera can be studied

comprehensively, [ have accepted Duda’s usage. It is distinguished from

Polyodaspis, Epimadiza, and other closely related genera by the characters

used in the key, though, as pointed out in previous discussions, the distinctions

between the genera are not great and a generic revision may alter their status.

Two species, including one in the Ruwenzori material, can be referred to

Gomopsita, though they differ from other species of the genus known to me in

having the epistoma conspicuously narrowed and the distance between the

vibrissal angles only three-fifths the width of the face. The only previously

described African species referred to Gomiopsita, Gerhodesiae Duda, may actually

be a Polyodaspis (q.v.), but I have included it here in the short key in case it

should prove to be a true Gomopsita.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF GONIOPSITA

1. Haltere black; thorax entirely black, dark haired [G. yhodesiae Duda]

Haltere bright yellow; thorax either black or reddish, with bright g golden-yellow,

slightly “broadened hairs ; 2

2. Thorax black; cheek mousuaiy broad, about half the height of the head; legs

predominantly black. , G. cephalotes (Séguy)

Thorax reddish, with short, narrow, black mesonotal stri ipes; cheek narrower

than in cephalotes, slightly over one-third the height of the head; legs

predominantly yellow, only the tibiae and some distal segments of the

tarsi black . 3 ; : : : : ; (G. atritibia, new species]

770 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Goniopsita cephalotes (Séguy), new combination

Siphonella cephalotes Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4, Zool. fasc. 39: 362,

fig. 32 (Kenya).

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, 10,500-12,500 ft., 11.1935, I 3, “on flowers of

Helichrysum englert”’

The specimen before me agrees very well with Séguy’s description and figure

except in size (only 3 mm. against 4-5 mm.). However, the type was a female

and might well be somewhat larger. The unusually broad cheek and the

appressed and somewhat flattened golden hairs on the front and thorax make

this an easily recognised species. I refer it to Gontopsita in accordance with

the grouping of the genera that I have adopted here.

The following notes will supplement Séguy’s description: eye practically

bare, though a few very minute hairs can be seen under high magnification

(Séguy wrote that the eyes were “‘couverts d'une pilosité microscopique”’ ;

perhaps the hairs were more distinct in the larger female. Certainly for ordinary

examination the appearance is much more like the bare eye of Epimadiza than

the densely pubescent or short-haired eye of Madiza or Calamoncosis) ; height

of the cheek approximately half the height of the head, or slightly greater, the

usual diagonal ridge present, but in this case the dull upper portion of the cheek

is much broader than the shining lower area; parafacial as broad as the length

of the third antennal segment; face short, deeply concave, the frontal lunule

separating the bases of the antennae and continuing ventrad as a sharp, high

carina between deep antennal foveae; epistoma nearly as long as the face; the

latter narrowed below, the vibrissal angles closer together than usual in the

Chloropidae, the distance between them about three-fifths the width of the

face; front broad, its width to length as 33:42, and two-thirds the width of the

head; frontal hairs golden, slightly flattened, somewhat reclinate, set in strong

and distinct punctures, including I-2 rows on each side of the frontal triangle ;

bristles also golden yellow, ocellar and inner vertical bristles minute and hair-

like, the former reclinate and shghtly convergent; outer verticals and post-

verticals strong, the latter parallel and projecting slightly caudad; 8-r1o short

fronto-orbitals, indistinguishable from the frontal hairs except by position;

antenna orange, third segment narrowly black on the dorsal margin; arista

brown, microscopically pubescent, and relatively short, barely over twice as

long as the third antennal segment.

AMesonotum and scutellum with golden-yellow bristles and hairs like those

of the front; mesonotum convex, not flattened on the posterior slope; noto-

pleural bristles 1-+1; scutellum somewhat flattened on the disk, apically

rounded, its length to width at base as 18:22; marginal scutellar bristles set on

tiny tubercles, the apical bristles long and approximated, their length in

proportion to that of the scutellum as 14:18, and over 3 times the length

of the nearest subapical, their bases separated by less than the diameter of

CHLOROPIDAE 771

a basal tubercle; 6-7 pairs of subapicals, all short and subequal in length;

mesopleuron glabrous.

Abdomen shining black with golden hairs.

Fore coxa dark reddish; legs almost entirely black, all tibiae and the fore

metatarsus obscurely and narrowly reddish basally, and the mid and hind

tarsi with the basal two or three segments reddish-yellow; hind tibia with

“sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal surface; fore femur not especially enlarged.

Fig. 10.—Gontopsita atvitibia Sabr., side view ot head.

Veins of the wing strong and brown; length of costal sectors 2-4 as 48:37:20;

third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly straight and widely diverging from

the base; first basal cell broadened; penultimate sections of the third and fourth

veins subequal in length; small crossvein at the outer three-fourths of the discal

cell, the latter considerably broader distally than at the proximal end, the

outer crossvein somewhat oblique and twice the length of the inner or small

crossvein. Haltere whitish yellow.

[Goniopsita atritibia, new species]

Similar to.G. cephalotes (Séguy), differing principally in reddish colour, the

colour pattern of the legs, and in the narrower cheek.

Female.—Entire insect reddish-yellow to reddish, with only a few black

areas; all hairs and bristles golden-yellow, the hairs of the front and mesonotum

thickened and appressed as in cephalotes.

Head reddish-yellow with a black ocellar spot; eye bare; front longer and

narrower than in cephalotes, the width to length as 22:34, and only half the

width of the head across the vertex; front shining, the frontal triangle not well

demarcated, with scattered piliferous punctures, including 2 rows on each

772 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

side of the triangle itself, and 7-8 fronto-orbitals along each eye; chaetotaxy:

ocellars short, erect and convergent, inner verticals only slightly longer than

the ocellars, outer verticals and the parallel postverticals strong; cheek moder-

ately broad, over one-third the height of the head and one and one-half times

the height of the third antennal segment, the vibrissal angle not produced

(lig. 10); face short, narrowed below, the distance between the vibrissae only

slightly greater than half the width of the face; bases of the antennae separated

by the frontal lunule, which continues ventrad as a sharp facial carina; proboscis

somewhat slender and elongate; antenna as in cephalotes.

Thorax reddish-yellow with a suggestion of 4 black stripes, a short and

narrowly separated median pair, only half the length of the mesonotum, and

a longer but weaker lateral stripe on each side between the humerus and the

posterior dorsocentral bristle ; notopleurals 1-+-1 ; scutellum similar to cephalotes,

all bristles broken off, but the bases of the apical pair approximated; meso-

pleuron bare.

Abdomen shining brown; female terminalia brown, slender, long-haired.

Fore coxa yellow; legs yellow, only the tibiae except the bases narrowly,

the two distal segments of mid and hind tarsi, and several distal segments of

the fore tarsus, black.

Wing clear, veins brown, length of costal sectors 2-4 as 38:24:14, the

penultimate section of the third vein a trifle longer than that of the fourth,

veins 3 and 4 virtually straight and but slightly diverging from their bases;

discal cell broader apically than at the base, the outer crossvein strongly

oblique. Haltere pale yellow.

Length, 2°25 mm.

Holotype, female, Mossel Bay, Cape Province, July 5-31, 1921 (R. E. Turner).

Type in the British Museum (Natural History).

[Aprometopis Becker]

Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 438. Type, A. flavofacies Becker (monobasic).

The genotype, A. flavofacies, is a rather unusual species that seems to be

related to Siphunculina. Many of its characteristics have been listed in the

key, one of the most outstanding being the strong facial carina which forms a

broad, blunt partition between the small and deep antennal foveae. Super-

ficially, the bright yellow head and body marked with 4 narrow, black,

heavily grey pollinose mesonotal stripes are suggestive of some pale species

of Contoscinella.

Like many of the other African species, there are few published records.

Becker’s original description did not mention the type locality, but the type

in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest is from Arusha-Ju, East Africa,

collected by Katona in November. The only other record that I know of is by

CHLOROPIDAE 773

Lamb (1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 330), who recorded the species from

Durban, Natal, and his specimen was found to be correctly determined.

I have seen two other specimens that add slightly to the known distribution,

from Mt. Chirinda, 3800 ft., Mashonaland, June 12, rg11 (C. F. M. Swynnerton)

[British Museum], and New Hanover, Transvaal, August 1914 (H. K. Munro)

[Munro Collection].

Séguy (1932, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Portici 26: 119) has described a

second African species of the genus, A. s¢lvestriz, from Italian Somaliland. It is

quite similar to flavofacies in general habitus and structure, differing notably

in the broad cheek, which equals half the height of the eye.

Siphunculina Rondani

Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital. Prodromus, i, p. 128. Type, Siphunculina brevinervis

Rondani (by original designation and monobasic).

Microneurum Becker, 1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: 152. Type, Oscinis ovnatifvons

Loew, as Microneurum maculifyons Becker (monobasic).

Liomicroneuvum Enderlein, 1911, Sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Freunde 1911: 230. Type,

Siphonella funicola Meijere (by original designation).

The genus Siphunculina is characterised by an abbreviated second vein,

the second costal sector being unusually short. In the new species described

herewith, the second sector is somewhat longer than usual in the genus, but

its length is still shorter than that of the third sector. The peculiar structure

of the face, with strong, broad facial carina, is another distinctive feature. The

following key will distinguish the new species from the others having a dull,

pollinose thorax.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SIPHUNCULINA WITH

POLLINOSE THORAX

1. Front, frontal triangle and mesonotum of characteristically reticulated habitus, with

alternating bare and pollinose areas ; : : [S. stgnata Wollaston]

Not so, the mesonotum uniformly pollinose . : 3 , 2

2. Frontal triangle polished black (Ethiopia) . , : F [S. mediana Beck. ]

Triangle dull, heavily pollinose 3

3. Second costal sector unusually short, the third sector over 3 times the length

of the second; mesonotum uniformly brown-grey (Kenya) [S. auveopilosa Séguy]

Second sector proportionately longer, the third sector only 1-2 to 1-25 times as

long; mesonotum with distinct though narrow brown stripes

4. Legs predominantly black, including all. femora and a narrow median annulus

on all tibiae; bristles black . . S. lobeliaphila, new species

Legs predominantly yellow, the forelegs entirely so; bristles yellow . [S. luvida (End.)|

Siphunculina lobeliaphila, new species

Dull brown-grey pollinose species with 5 narrow brown stripes on the

mesonotum, black femora, and median black bands on all tibiae.

Male, female.—Head black above and behind, the face, cheek, and narrow

anterior margin of the front yellow; occiput, broad central portion of the frontal

774 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

triangle, and the narrow orbits, heavily lead-grey pollinose, the basal corners

of the triangle and the rest of the front with brown pollen, separated into two

halves by a narrow pale line extending from the apex of the triangle to the

anterior margin of the front, the resulting pattern being a broad median grey

stripe flanked by 2 broad brown stripes which are narrowly separated from

the eyes; width of the front at the vertex equals two and one-half times the width

of an eye; boundaries of the triangle not sharply defined, obscured by the

pattern of pollen; eye practically bare, with only a minute, sparse pubescence ;

height of the cheek equals one-fourth to nearly one-third the eye height and

three-fourths the breadth of the third antennal segment, the vibrissal angle

strongly produced, and the short face deeply concave in profile; frontal lunule

strong, dividing the bases of the antennae and continuing ventrad as a broad,

prominent facial carina, from which the face slopes posterolaterad to the eye,

the facial ridge not being developed; antenna short, basal segments entirely

black, the third segment from half to over three-fourths dark brown to black;

arista brown, microscopically pubescent, the basal segment black and elongate;

palpus yellow; proboscis black; all bristles minute, golden yellow, scarcely

distinguishable from the frontal hairs which are the same colour; ocellar and

postvertical bristles convergent.

Thorax dull, heavily dark-grey pollinose except for a narrow area from the

fore coxa up to and including the anterior thoracic spiracle, the lower two-thirds

of the sternopleuron, the narrow lower margins of mesopleuron and _ptero-

pleuron, and the metanotum, which are polished black; mesonotum with 5

narrow brown vittae, the three median ones complete, the outer stripe on each

side extending from the humerus to the postalar bristle with an interruption

at the mesonotal suture, and joined to the dorsocentral vitta along the suture;

scutellum grey pollinose, the disk more or less browned; all hairs short, shghtly

thickened and golden yellow, 2 rows between the median and each dorso-

central line; the few strong bristles stout and black, including 1+1 notopleural,

I postalar, and 1 posterior dorsocentral, the latter short, only half the length

of the others, also 1 pair of stout black intrahumeral bristles; the usually

strong humeral bristle is here short and yellow, only slightly thicker than the

hairs ; scutellum flattened on the disk, apically subtruncate and slightly emar-

ginate, its length to width at base as 16:20, the widely separated apical bristles

short, stout, cruciate at their tips, and black.

Abdomen brown-black, thinly pollinose, subshining.

Legs shining, not pollinose and thus contrasting with the grey thorax; fore

coxa yellow to partly infuscated ; legs predominantly black, including all femora

and a narrow median annulus on all tibiae; tarsi dull yellow, the distal segments

somewhat browned; ‘‘sensory area’ on the hind tibia long and narrow.

Wing clear, slightly browned, veins brown and strong; venation essentially

the same as in other Siphunculina (cf. Duda, 1933, Chloropidae, 77 Lindner’s’

CHLOROPIDAE 975;

Fliegen Palaeark. Region, Pl. 2, Fig. 12), but the second longitudinal vein weakly

sinuate and the second costal sector longer than in typical species, its length

almost twice the distance between the two crossveins; length of costal sectors

2-4 aS 42:50:22; first basal cell strongly broadened; outer crossvein slightly

oblique; penultimate section of the third vein distinctly shorter than that of

the fourth, as 15:22; haltere cream-white.

Length, 1-5-2-0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 10 paratypes (4 45, 6 2), Mt. Kenya, 11,500 ft.,

Kenya, April 25, 1935, ‘ex Lobelia satimae”’ (G. L. R. Hancock) {Imper. Inst.

Ent., paratypes in the U.S. Nat. Mus.; 2 female paratypes, Mt. Kinangop,

13,000 ft., Aberdare Range, KENYA, ix.1934, ‘‘at summit on Lobelia ? elgonensis”’

(Ford); 1 male paratype, Mudangi, Mt. Elgon, 11,000 ft., UGaNba, August IT,

1934, ‘from Senecio”’ (Ford) [last three paratypes, British Museum, Ruwenzori

Expedition].

Some variation is apparently to be expected in the colour of the bristles,

for in three of the above specimens one of the stubby dorsocentral bristles is

black and the other golden-yellow like the hairs. Similar variation has been

noted in some of the other species, though usually for a series one may state

that one colour is the predominant and apparently the typical one.

There is also some variation in the extent of brown pollen on the dorsum

of the thorax, ranging from 3 broad median stripes that fuse before the

scutellum, and with the entire disk of the scutellum brown, to a pale form with

narrow stripes that fail to reach the scutellum, and the disk of the latter

predominantly grey with 2 small patches of brown. In each extreme, how-

ever, the fundamental pattern is evident, and the modification is only in the

extent of the brown pollen. The two females from Mt. Kinangop are darker

than the others, and the haltere is brownish, but they are ap parouly slightly

discoloured and are undoubtedly the same species.

The species appears to be near S. aureopilosa Séguy (1938, Mission scient.

de ’Omo, 4, Zool., fasc. 39: 360), described from Mt. Elgon in Kenya at

2740 metres altitude. That species has the more typical wing venation of

Siphunculina, however, for it was described as having the second costal sector

subequal to the interval between the two crossveins, and the third sector more

than 3 times the length of the second. It will be easily distinguished by

that character alone, but Séguy also noted that aureopilosa was uniformly

brown-grey, whereas the present species is distinctly vittate.

The relation to S. Jurida (Enderlein) is not so clear. Some years ago I took

extensive notes on the type specimen of that species in the Naturkundemuseum

in Stettin, Germany. Unfortunately, the type was in extremely poor condition,

as were many of the types of Enderlein’s species of Chloropidae, being greasy,

dirty, and broken, and apparently teneral though possibly mounted from fluid

and therefore pale and collapsed. Certain points were observed, however, such

II, 7 (e)

776 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

as the narrow cheek (only half as broad as the third antennal segment), entirely

bright yellow bristles, and predominantly pale yellow legs (the forelegs entirely

so), that lead me to believe that lobeliaphila is a distinct species. Enderlein’s

figure of the wing of /urida is accurate, and shows that it has a venation similar

to lobeliaphila rather than to aureopilosa, having a longer second costal sector

than the latter.

Siphunculina sp. (lurida Enderlein ?)

UGANDA: Kigezi, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., xi.1934, I g (Edwards).

The specimen is atypical and is determined only tentatively.

Calamoncosis Enderlein

Enderlein, rgt1, Zool. Anz. 38: 11. Type, Lipavarufitarsis Loew (by original designation).

Calamoncosis aenescens (Becker), new combination

Siphonella aenescens Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 435-436 (Uganda).

Ucanba: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xi1.1934-1.1935, I 2 (Edwards).

It appears that the best generic reference that can be made is to place this

species in Calamoncosis. It resembles Epimadiza and Polyodaspis in having

strong, parallel postvertical bristles, with the outer verticals equally strong

but the inner verticals minute and hairlike; ocellars also minute and hairlike,

reclinate and convergent; arista short; third antennal segment short, apically

rounded; frontal lunule dividing the bases of the antennae and continuing

ventrad as a thin, knifelike carina between the deeply concave antennal foveae ;

mesonotum densely punctured, without rows. It differs most conspicuously

from those genera in the densely pubescent eye, strongly pubescent arista,

narrow cheek, slender and elongate proboscis, long axis of the eye nearly

vertical, 1-+-2 notopleural bristles, first basal cell not broadened, and third

longitudinal vein straight.

I have seen Becker’s type in the Magyar Nemzeti Museum at Budapest,

and the present specimen agrees exactly except that the femora are infuscated

on the basal two-thirds, instead of being entirely yellow as in the type. All

coxae, tibiae, and tarsi are yellow. The mesopleuron is silvery pruinose. The

brown frontal triangle has 3 rows of strong piliferous punctures on each

side, leaving a median area glabrous and shining. [he hairs covering the notum

and scutellum are yellowish, moderately long, and appressed. The proboscis is

elongate and geniculate, leading Becker to place the species in Szphonella.

CHLOROPIDAE Fae

Tricimba Lioy

Lioy, 1864, Atti Ist. Veneto, ser. 3, 9: 1125. Type, Oscinis lineella Fallén (by designation

of Enderlein, 1911).

Echimba Duda, 1935, Stylops 4: 27. Type, Echimba annulipes Duda (by original

designation and monobasic). Described as a subgenus of Tvicimba.

Syphonerina Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4, Zool., fasc. 39: 361. Type, S.

armata Séguy (by original designation and monobasic).

The identity of the genotypes of Echimba and Syphonerina was pointed out

by Sabrosky (1941, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34: 736, 752, 764). I have concluded

that the species involved is not generically distinct from Tricimba. It is a

species of peculiar appearance, but the extreme modifications do not seem to

involve characters of generic importance. A related species that is herein

described as new (I. radiata) is less extreme and serves to link the aberrant

form with the more typical species of Tvicimba.

KEY TO THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF TRICIMBA

1. Notopleural bristles 1+-2, stout and black . i : 0 5 4 4 2

Notopleural bristles 1+1 .

Haltere yellow; scutellum with 3 pairs of subapical bristles evenly distributed

along the sides. [T. seychellensis Lamb]

Knob of the haltere brown; 2 pairs of long and 1 pair of weak subapical bristles,

all grouped on the distal half of the scutellum (Fig. 11)

: T. brunnethaltevata, new species

3. Scutellum as in 7. cincta (Meigen), the margin more or less evenly rounded;

scutellars bristlelike, the apicals cruciate and long, over 14 times the length

of the scutellum; 3 pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, strong and evenly spaced,

subequal in length to the ocellars and postverticals . . [Z. setosa Lamb]

Scutellum strongly angulate as in T. lineella (Fallén), and with both upper and

lower margins (cf. Fig. 12); scutellar bristles modified as short, stout spines,

their length obviously much less than that of the scutellum; fronto-orbitals

4 or more, as short, stout spines. 4

4. All femora and tibiae with median black rings; scutellum with 3 pairs of stout

spines arising from the lower margin

[T. avmata (Seguy) (= annulipes Duda, preoccupied) ]

Legs yellow, only the fore femur slightly infuscated on the posterior surface;

scutellum with only 2 pairs of stout spines arising from the lower margin

(Fig..12).. .. 5 : ‘ . : : 0 . I. vadiata, new species

Tricimba brunneihalterata, new species

Male.—Black species, densely covered with brown to brown-grey pollen,

only the anterior margin of the front narrowly, face, cheek, palpus, lower basal

third to half of the third antennal segment, prosternum, fore coxa, and all legs,

yellow; propleuron orange; frontal triangle with bright grey pollen about the

ocelli, that in front of the median ocellus continued forward as a linear median

vitta; otherwise both front and triangle heavily dark-brown pollinose with the

triangle barely distinct; knob of the haltere brown; wing faintly browned;

metanotum polished black; bristles strong and black.

Front slightly longer than broad, its width at the vertex 1-5 times as wide

as an eye and over half the width of the head; frontal triangle extending over

half the length of the front; face with sharp but low median carina; cheek

778 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

narrow, only one-seventh to one-eighth the height of the head, one-sixth the

height of an eye, and less than half the breadth of the third antennal segment ;

vibrissal angle slightly produced, the face slightly concave in profile; ocellar

and postvertical bristles erect, convergent, but short and inconspicuous; fronto-

orbital row composed of numerous minute hairs, with no bristles or spines.

Mesonotum with the usual 3 impressed lines of punctures and 2

weaker supra-alar rows; I-2 irregular rows of short black hairs between the

acrostichal and each dorsocentral row; bristles strongly developed; humerus

with 4 moderately strong bristles; notopleurais I-+2; scutellum (Fig. 11) thin,

flattened on the disk, and apically rounded, its length nearly as long as the

width at base ; marginal scutellar bristles short and strong, the slightly divergent

apical bristles only half as long as the scutellum, the three pairs of subapicals

becoming progressively weaker towards the base, only the distal two pairs

strongly distinct, the apicals and subapicals all rather evenly spaced and

grouped on the apical half of the scutellum; disk of the scutellum with numerous

short black hairs; pleuron almost entirely pollinose, the pollen bright grey on

the lower part.

Legs slender, large “‘sensory area’

hind tibia.

Wing: length of second to fourth costal sectors as 48:35:18; third and fourth

longitudinal veins widely diverging from their bases; fore crossvein opposite

or very slightly distad of the middle of the discal cell; penultimate section of

the fourth vein over twice the length of the penultimate section of the third

vein; anal area of the wing only slightly developed, the breadth of the wing

measured at the juncture of second vein and costa 1-4 times that measured at

the branching of radial sector.

Length, 1-75 mm.

Holotype, male, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., Ruwenzori Range, Uganda,

X11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards).

’

on the posterodorsal surface of the

[Tricimba setosa Lamb]

Tricimba setosa Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 393 (Natal, S. Rhodesia).

The following redescription of the species is based on my notes on the type

series in the British Museum in London, and on 3 specimens collected at

Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, November—December 1900 (F. L. Snow) [Kans.

Univ. Colln.]. No specimens were found in the Ruwenzori material, but it is

appropriate to include these notes here along with the key to the genus.

Head predominantly yellow, the occiput and frontal triangle black, densely

grey dusted, apex of third antennal segment with narrow brown margin ; front

not quite 1-2 times as long as broad, the width at vertex one-half the width of

the head and almost twice the width of an eye as viewed from above; frontal

triangle barely half as long as the front; face with a sharp but low median

CHLOROPIDAE 779

carina; vibrissal angle moderately produced, the face moderately concave in

profile ; cheek broad, one-third the eye height and over three-fourths the breadth

of the third antennal segment; lower cheek margin convex; arista long and

pubescent; bristles conspicuous, long and black: erect and parallel ocellars,

erect but convergent postverticals, outer verticals, and 3 pairs of fronto-

orbitals, the inner vertical bristles in this species short and less conspicuous.

Mesonotum, scutellum and upper half of the pleuron black and densely grey

pollinose, the lower half of the pleuron and the metanotum polished black;

apex of the scutellum, humerus, propleuron, and prosternum yellow; bristles

black, long, strong and conspicuous: 1 outer humeral, 1+-1 notopleural, 1 post-

alar, I posterior dorsocentral, 1 apical and 2 subapical scutellar; median and

dorsocentral lines of punctures strongly impressed; mesonotal hairs bright

yellow, 2 regular rows between the median and each dorsocentral line;

scutellum thin, flattened on the disk and with numerous hairs, not strongly

angulate, its length to width at base as 12:15, the apical scutellars 1-4 times as

long as the scutellum and 2-4 times the length of the nearest subapical.

Fore coxa and legs slender, yellow; “‘sensory area”’ on the hind tibia elongate

oval, not especially large.

Wing not in good condition, the venation apparently similar to that described

for T. radiata. Haltere yellow.

Length, 2 mm.

[Tricimba armata (Séguy)]

Tricimba (Echimba) annulipes Duda, 1935, Stylops 4: 28 (S. Rhodesia). Preoccupied

by Tricimba annulipes Duda, 1934, Tijd. Ent. 77: 92 (Sumatra).

Syphonerina armata Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4, Zool., fasc. 39: 361 (Kenya).

The above synonymy was pointed out by Sabrosky (1941, Ann. Ent. Soc.

Amer. 34: 736, 752, 764), after study of the types of both species. At that time,

annulipes Duda (1935) was accepted as the valid name of the species, without

realising that it was a homonym. In view of the availability of the name armata,

it is hereby adopted as the next valid and available name.

In passing, it may be noted that T. annulipes Duda (1934) was cited at the

head of its description as amnulipes. This is an obvious typographical error,

however, for the species was named for its black-ringed (annulated) femora

and tibiae, and the form annulipes was used twice in the discussion on page 93,

and again in the index to species at the end of the article.

Tricimba radiata, new species

Female.—Species with bright grey to yellow habitus; head predominantly

yellow, back of the head and ocellar tubercle black with bright grey pollen,

oral margin and median clypeal plate brown; thorax black or dark brown

except for yellow humerus, propleuron, prosternum, notopleuron, and the rest

of the pleuron except for 4 shining black spots on meso-, ptero-, sterno- and

780 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

hypopleuron, and the margin and lower part of the scutellum; thorax bright

grey pollinose (brown on scutellum) except for the lower half of the pleuron,

the four shining pleural spots, and the polished black metanotum; abdomen

dull brown above, yellow below; legs yellow, the fore femur slightly infuscated

on the posterior surface; haltere pale yellow; wing hyaline with faint brown

tint, veins deep yellow to brown, the distal portion of the first vein and portions

of several veins directly behind it dark brown and conspicuous; all bristles and

hairs dark yellow to brown, the former short, stout, and spinelike.

14 15

Tigs. 11-15. Vig. 11.—Tyvicimba brunnethaltevata Sabr., scutellum; Fig. 12.—T. radiata

Sabr., scutellum; Fig. 13.—Elachipteva tecta Becker, dorsal view of abdomen; Fig. 14.—

Elachiptera (Cyrtomyia) ensifey Sabr., scutellum; Fig. 15.—E. (C.) tuberculata (Adams),

scutellum.

CHLOROPIDAE 781

Head short and broad, twice as wide as long; front broad, I-2 times as

broad as long and slightly over half the width of the head; frontal triangle

indistinct, apparently about half as long as the front; face with a low but sharp

median carina and deep antennal foveae; vibrissal angle strongly developed,

the face in profile deeply concave; cheek width one-sixth the height of an eye

and one-half the breadth of the third antennal segment; arista pubescent; head

bristles short and spinelike, all approximately equal in development: erect and

parallel ocellars, convergent postverticals, inner and outer verticals, and 4

pairs of fronto-orbitals.

Mesonotum with the median and two dorsocentral lines of punctures broadly

and deeply impressed, very conspicuous; I regular row of stout yellow hairs

between the median and each dorsocentral row; hurneral bristles weaker than

in brunnethalterata, little stronger than hairs; r+-1 notopleural bristles, strong

and spinelike; scutellum as figured (Fig. 12), strongly angular, with both upper

and lower margins, the disk flattened, 1 pair of apical and 1 pair of subapical

strong scutellar bristles set on the lower margin in a radiating pattern, and

3 pairs of much shorter spines in a different arrangement on the upper

margin; scutellar length and width at base subequal; apical scutellar bristles

only half the length of the scutellum.

Legs slender; “sensory area’ on posterodorsal surface of hind tibia large,

elongate-oval.

Wing: length of second to fourth costal sectors as 54:27:17; third and

fourth veins straight, weakly diverging from their bases; fore crossvein opposite

the outer two-thirds of the discal cell; penultimate section of the fourth vein

shorter than that of the third vein, as 15:18; hind crossvein slightly oblique,

the anterior corner of the discal cell an acute angle.

‘Length, 2 mm.

Holotype, female, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.11.1935 (Edwards).

Elachiptera Macquart

Macquart, 1835, Hist. nat. des Insectes, Diptéres, 2: 621. Type, Chlovops brevi- .

pennis Meigen (by original designation and monobasic).

Melanochaeta. Bezzi, 1906, Ztschr. Hym. Dipt. 5: 50 (= Pachychaeta Bezzi, 1895,

preoccupied). Type, Oscinis capreola Curtis (monobasic). Subgenus.

Cyrtomomyia Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 106. Type, C. pulchva Becker

(by designation of Sabrosky, 1941). Subgenus.

Neoelachiptera Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4, Zool., fasc. 39: 360. Type,

N. Lerouxi Séguy (by original designation and monobasic). Synonym.

Various names have been proposed in several faunal realms for species that

seem to me to belong in Elachiptera in the broad sense. In some regions, such

as the Nearctic, the distinctions are relatively good; in others, there are inter-

mediates which make it difficult to allocate the species to well-defined segregates.

Accordingly I have chosen to regard all as belonging to Elachiptera, with the

proposed segregates relegated to subgeneric status.

782 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Becker proposed his new genus Cyrtomomyia for the reception of 2 new

species from Ethiopia, pulchra and incursitans, basing it chiefly on the Dacty-

lothyrea-like structure of the scutellum, combined with head and aristal

characters quite unlike that genus. The structure of the head and antenna,

particularly in zcursitans, reminds one strongly of Elachiptera, with the notable

difference that in Cyrtomomyza the fronto-orbitals are a row of weak, pale hairs

that can scarcely be seen except under high magnification. In the genotype

(C. pulchra), the arista is slender and pubescent, slightly thicker in the female

than in the male, whereas in C. incursitans the arista is broadly flattened as in

many Elachiptera. The face is approximately equal to the breadth of the front,

not strongly narrowed below the antennae as in Disciphus. The scutellum

(cf. Figs. 14, 15) is broadly rounded apically and more or less convex on the

disk, rather than thin, flattened, and narrowing apically to become elongate

trapezoidal in outline as in typical Elachiptera; further, it has several pairs of

long, fingerlike projections which bear the scutellar bristles, and these projec-

tions arise from the lower edge of the scutellum. Only 1 notopleural bristle

is strongly developed, the lower posterior, though the anterior notopleural is

represented by a slender hair.

For the possible relation of Cyrtomomyia to Disciphus, see the discussion

under the latter name, following the species of Elachiptera.

Sabrosky (1948, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 38: 374) has suggested that

Elachiptera punctulata Becker (=E. nigroscutellata Becker, 1912, Preocc.) may

actually be of African origin rather than from North America as originally

stated. The speculation was based on the fact that it resembles Cyrtomyza, and

that no such species has been found in North America thus far. Negative

evidence of this sort is unconvincing, but the suggestion may be kept in mind

as a possibility. The species appears to be near E. (C.) pulchra.

The key is based mainly on colour, and it may later be found that some

“species’’ are really only colour varieties. In many cases, however, the species

are actually quite distinct, but such differences as the proportions of cheek and

antenna, shape of the scutellum, and size of the scutellar tubercles, are more

difficult toexpress. Thecolourcharactersare usually an easier means of recognition.

KEY ‘TO 'THE ETHIOPIAN SPECIES -OF ELACHIPTERA, sens. lat.

r. Scutellum usually more or less flattened and trapezoidal in outline, apically

subtruncate; marginal scutellar bristles strong and set on distinct tubercles

or on fingerlike projections; notopleural bristles r-+1 oro+1 . : , 2

‘The following species of Elachipteva, sens. lat., have been recorded from northern

Africa, but they are essentially Palaearctic and are not included in the present key:

bimaculata Loew (tuberifera Beck.), covnuta Fallén, megaspis Loew, sibivica Loew (pectoralis

Bezzi), tuberculifera Corti, pubescens Thalhammer (trisulcata Beck.), and vufescens Walker.

Two Neotropical species, sublineata Becker and melaena Becker, have been recorded from

the Ethiopian Region (Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 155, and Becker, 1915,

im Voyage Alluaud et Jeannel, Insectes Diptéres. 5, p. 180, respectively), but those records

are almost certainly misidentifications and the species are not included here. Elachiptera

femovata Johns described from Somaliland, is a Pachylophus, as noted under that genus

CHLOROPIDAE 783

Scutellum of the Oscinella type, short and broadly rounded apically, the disk

convex; marginal scutellars slender and not borne on distinct tubercles;

‘notopleural bristles typically 1-+2, though the upper posterior is often

weaker than the lower and the appearance may be that of 1+1 [Flach Lees

(Melanochaeta)| . 16

I or 2 (usually 2) pairs of well- ‘developed; jucemding: fronto: orbital bristles:

scutellum usually slightly elongate, thin and flattened, with 1-3 pairs of

marginal tubercles [Elachipterva, sens. stvict.| . 3

Fronto- orbital hairs fine and even, often short to miriute, none well developed

and outstanding; scutellum subquadrate, with 1-2 pairs of elongate, finger-

like projections (cf. Figs. 14, 15) [Elachiptera (Cyvtomomyia)| . 5 Y 13

(Elachipteva, sens. strict.)

3. Basal abdominal segments fused and elongated so as to form a long basal plate

occupying most “of the dorsal aspect of the abdomen (Fig. 13) . 4

All abdominal segments approximately equal in length, abdomen of the usual

form . ; 9

4. Thorax entirely or predofiinantly black, at most only the homers: “propleuron,

prosternum, and underside of the scutellum reddish-yellow; frontal triangle

black . : 5

Thorax entirely or predominantly reddish, at most only the mesonotum broadly

black; frontal triangle yellow to reddish-yellow : : : 6

5. Thorax entirely black : : 6 £. (Es) ugandae, new species

Thorax with orange humerus, propleuron, prosternum, and the underside and

apex of the scutellum . 9 : : E. (E.) edwardst, new species

6. Mesonotum entirely reddish- yellow : 7

Mesonotum with a broad black stripe, sometimes the disk entirely ‘black up to

the sides and humeri ; : : 3 : d : :

7. Scutellum reddish-yellow . : sre Sa) occipitalis Beck.

Scutellum entirely black, in strong contrast to the reddish thorax

[E. (E.) nigroscutellata Beck ?]

8. Mesonotum heavily bright grey pollinose; scutellum reddish-yellow below and

at the apex; cheek narrow but not linear, 0-18 times the vertical height of

an eye . (LE. (E.) conjuncta (Adams) |

Mesonotum predominantly shining, typically with a narrow stripe of sparse

pollen between the median and each dorsocentral line of punctures, though

more extensively pollinose on the posterior slope; scutellum entirely black;

cheek sublinear, barely o-11 times the vertical height of an eye LE. (E.) tecta Beck.

g. Thorax predominantly black, at most the humerus, notopleuron, and scutellum

in part, yellow to orange : ‘ : : : ; 10

Thorax entirely or predominantly reddish- yellow ; , : : : IL

10. Thorax and scutellum entirely black . : (Es) cimpuicipes Beck.

Not so, the humerus, notopleuron, and underside and. apex of the scutellum

yellow to reddish-yellow s f . E. (E.) Lerouxt (Séguy)

ti. Scutelium yellow to orange, sometimes dusky. at base, but never definitely and

entirely black; frontal triangle short, covered with microscopic, sparse, pale

pollen; mesosternum behind the fore coxae with a large triangular black

spot . : : : c F ; . E. (E.) tarda (Adams) *

Scutellum entirely black . ; 12

12. Arista slender, not flattened; mesonotum with black median spots above the

neck and before the scutellum, like the ends of an interrupted median stripe ;

only the apical pair of scutellar tubercles developed . [F. (E.) unimaculata Beck.]

Arista flattened; mesonotum with a complete median black stripe; 2 pairs of

distinct scutellar tubercles. [E. (E.) triangularis Beck.]

Arista slightly | flattened; mesonotum entirely reddish- -yellow; 2-3 pairs of

distinct scutellar tubercles : : : (E. (E.) nigroscutellata Beck. ?|

1 E. grossiseta Becker (1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 424) from East Africa and F.

dubia Lamb (1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 386) from Natal run to this point in

the key. I believe that the former is a synonym of tarda (new synonymy). The latter may

also be, but the description is too vague to make a definite assignment.

784 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

(Cyrtomomyia Beck.)

13. Mesonotum orange with a broad median black stripe; legs bright yellow . é 14

Thorax entirely black; legs yellow, patterned with black : : 15

14. Arista slender, pubescent : : ; [B. (Gs) pulchva Becker ]

Arista broadly flattened as in typical Elachiptera : . LE. (C.) ensifer, new species]

15. Front broad, its length subequal to the width; triangle large, the length only

1-14 times the width at base; disk of the wing faintly browned, sometimes

only the veins brown in that area . [E. (C.) tuberculata (Adams) |

Front narrower, 1:18 times as long as br oad; triangle appearing more slender,

the length 1-39 times the width at base; disk of the wing with a large,

heavily browned spot (Fig. 16) 6 : . £E. (C.) maculipennis, new species

(Melanochaeta Bezzi)

16. Thorax predominantly reddish-yellow; frontal triangle orange to yellow

FE. (M.) flavo-frontata Beck.

Thorax predominantly black, the humerus and propleuron yellow

E. (M.) scapularis (Adams)

Thorax entirely black : : 17

17.1 Ocellar tubercle smooth and polished, not pollinose except at the extreme

rear 1. . E. (M.) atrvicornis (Adams)

Ocellar tubercle densely and conspicuously grey pollinose 3 18

18. Cheek broad, nearly one-fourth the height of an eye; antenna entirely black,

the third segment basally sometimes dark reddish to brown; legs predomi-

nantly black, the fore coxa black . [E. (.) diabolus Beck. ]

Cheek narrow, about o-15 times the height of an eye, and but little wider than

the greatest diameter of the arista; third antennal segment predominantly

yellow, only the extreme apex infuscated ; legs usually partly yellow, the

fore coxa yellow . d Z : ; E. (M.) vulgaris (Adams)

Elachiptera (E.) ugandae, new species

Black species with basal abdominal segments fused, the antennal arista

notably long and broad, and the cheek sublinear.

Female.

the front, and the antenna except for the dorsal fourth of the third segment,

yellow, the face, cheek and palpus dusky yellow to brown; front as long as

broad, the breadth at the vertex about 1-6 times that of an eye and 0-45 times

the width of the head; frontal triangle large and entirely polished black, the

sides slightly convex and the apex reaching the anterior margin of the front;

cheek unusually narrow, only 0-07 times the height of an eye and !ess than

two-thirds as wide as the arista; third antennal segment strongly expanded

dorsally, the breadth of the segment thus two and one-third times the length;

arista conspicuously broad and long, nearly twice the length of the front;

bristles black, long, and conspicuous, including the outer verticals, erect and

cruciate postverticals, 2 pairs of fronto-orbitals, and vibrissae; anterior pair

1Two described species, Melanochaeta pilosula Becker (1910) from Madagascar and

Grassiseta palmata Loew (1852) from Mozambique, apparently will key to this couplet, but

Iam unable to determine the proper application of the names. The cheek is narrow in

both, which makes it likely that they are closer to vulgaris then to either atyvicornis or

diabolus, certainly not to the last named.

Until the matter can be settled, however, it is best to continue to use the names proposed

by Adams, whose types I have studied.

CHLOROPIDAE 785

of interfrontal hairs and a hair on the upper side of each second antennal

segment also long and conspicuous.

Thorax entirely black, shining, but the mesonotum and scutellum thinly,

and the notopleuron and upper fourth of the mesonotum more heavily, bright

grey pollinose ; mesonotum appearing slender, one and one-fourth times as long

as broad; scutellum thin and flattened, its length subequal to the width at base,

with 2 pairs of bristle-bearing tubercles, the apical pair stout and the strong

apical bristles equal to the length of the scutellum; notopleural bristles 1-1,

long and strong.

Abdomen brown to black, subshining though sparsely pollinose, the bas.

tergites fused to form a long and broad basal plate over two-thirds the length

of the abdomen and as long as the mesonotum (cf. Fig. 13).

Legs predominantly yellow, the fore tibia and tarsus and the hind tibia

black, and several distal segments of the other tarsi browned.

Wing clear, veins brown, a faint trace of a brown spot on the disk of the

wing as in Cyrtomomyia; venation regular for the genus; length of the second

to fourth costal sectors as 25:20:9; third and fourth veins slightly divergent ;

fore crossvein distad of the middle of the discal cell, as 19:13. Haltere pale

yellow.

Length, 2-25 mm.

Holotype, female, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7—8.11.1935 (Edwards).

In Becker’s key to the African species (1910), this form will run to EL.

maculinervis, which it does resemble (cf. E. (Cyrtomomyza) tuberculata). Ugandae

is a typical Elachiptera, however, with 2 distinctly developed pairs of

fronto-orbital bristles.

Elachiptera (E.) edwardsi, new species

Near FE. conjuncta (Adams), but the thorax black except for orange humerus

and propleuron, and the frontal triangle entirely shining.

Female.—Head : occiput, frontal triangle, and arista black, the rest of the

head bright yellow; eye with sparse pale microscopic pubescence; front com-

paratively narrow, 1-17 times as long as the breadth at the vertex, the latter

nearly twice the width of an eye and nearly half the width of the head; frontal

triangle large and long, the sides slightly convex, the apex not quite at the

anterior margin of the front, entirely shining, the occipital pollen ending

abruptly behind the posterior ocelli; face as broad as the front; cheek narrow,

only 0-12 times the height of an eye; third antennal segment with the upper

margin considerably produced, the breadth of the segment thus nearly twice

the length; arista broad and flat, over one and one-half times the length of the

front; the outer vertical, erect and cruciate postvertical, and 2 pairs of

786 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

fronto-orbital bristles long and conspicuous, the erect and cruciate ocellars weak

and hairlike.

Thorax predominantly black, only the humerus, propleuron, prosternum,

and the underside and apex of the scutellum, reddish-yellow to yellow; mesono-

tum and scutellum, and the upper half of the pieuron predominantly, bright

grey pollinose; mesonotum appearing slender, 1-27 times as long as broad;

scutellum thin and flattened, elongate trapezoidal, the length subequal to the

width at base, apical pair of scutellar tubercles distinct, I subapical pair

slightly weaker, the apical bristles four-fifths the length of the scutellum;

notopleural bristles 1-+-1, long and conspicuous.

Abdomen shining black, the basal tergites fused to form a single basal plate

occupying two-thirds of the length of the abdomen in dorsal aspect (cf. Fig. 13).

Legs bright yellow, including all coxae, only the fore tarsus black and the

distal two segments of the mid and hind tarsi brown to black; hind tibia

slightly browned, suggesting that in some specimens it might be dark; short

oval ‘“‘sensory area’’ on the hind tibia.

Wing hyaline, veins yellow to brown; venation as usual in the genus; length

of second to fourth costal sectors as 35:27:12; third and fourth veins sub-

parallel, the extreme apices slightly diverging ; fore crossvein beyond the middle

of the discal cell, as 30:17; penultimate section of the fourth vein 1-4 times as

long as that of the third vein. Haltere pale yellow.

Length, 3-5 mm.

Holotype, female, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., Ruwenzori Range, Uganda,

X11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards).

The species is dedicated to the late Dr. F. W. Edwards of the British Museum

(Nat. Hist.), who led the Ruwenzori Expedition.

Elachiptera (Elachiptera) sp.

UcGanDaA: Kigezi District, Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 ft., 20.x1.1934, I 9 (Edwards).

A lone specimen, now headless, may represent a new species close to

rE. edwardsi, but the differences are slight and an adequate series in good

condition is needed. Like edwardsi, the basal abdominal segments are fused,

the mesonotum is grey pollinose, and the humeri are yellow. The differences lie

in a much narrower scutellum, black propleuron, and yellow notopleuron.

Elachiptera (E.) occipitalis Becker

Elachiptera occipitalis Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 423 (Tanganyika).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 2 ¢ (Edwards).

The species is very close to £. conjuncta (Adams) and to the species recorded

by Becker as migroscutellata. The peculiar form of the abdomen as well as other

CHLOROPIDAE 787

structural characters shows that these three are very closely related. There is

a possibility that they are subspecies or colour varieties of the same species.

However, the series from given localities seems uniform, and for the present at

least they are recognised as valid and distinct species.

E. occtpitalis differs in having slightly shorter scutellum and shorter apical

scutellar tubercles than in conjuncta. The two males show a slight variation

in the colour of the scutellum and tubercles, one having the former entirely

yellow and the tubercles only apically black, the other having all black tubercles

and a narrow black streak on each side of the scutellum.

Except for the type series, the species has been recorded only from Durban,

Natal (Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 385-386). I have seen

specimens from Belgian Congo, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, and Zanzibar.

[Elachiptera (E.) nigroscutellata Becker ?]

Elachiptera nigyoscutellata Becker, 1911, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9: 99 (Formosa).

Becker in 1913 (Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 154) recorded a specimen from

Ethiopia as EF. nigroscutellata, a species originally described from Formosa,

The distribution is not impossible, for such species as Anatrichus erinaceus and

Semaranga dorsocentralis are thus widely distributed, but I have no Oriental

material for comparison. Becker (1913) noted that the African specimen had

the basal segments of the abdomen fused, but he did not mention that point

in the original description of the Formosan species. It might have been over-

looked then, or, as sometimes happens if the specimens are slightly teneral, the

abdomen might have been collapsed and the fusion of the segments not evident.

As for the identity of the African form, however, I have seen specimens

with the segments fused, and other specimens with normal segments, both

apparently agreeing with mgroscutellata in other respects. If either is truly the

latter species, then the other is a new species; it is also possible that both are

new, and that the Oriental mgroscutellata does not occur in Africa. Until

material for comparison can be secured, I shall leave the question of their status

in abeyance.

[Elachiptera (E.) conjuncta (Adams)|

Crassiseta conjuncta Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3: 190 (S. Rhodesia).

I hereby designate the two cotypes in the University of Kansas collection

as lectotype (male, dated February 1901) and lecto-allotype (dated April 1901).

Elachiptera (E.) tecta Becker

Elachipteva tecta Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 435 (Uganda).

UcGanpDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, I (¢?), 4 2 (Edwards).

Elachiptera tecta is one of the most striking of the many African species of

the genus. Like E. conjuncta Adams, to which it is closely related, it has the

788 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

first three segments of the abdomen fused-and appearing like a single large

segment (Fig. 13). The thorax is predominantly reddish, with a broad median

stripe on the mesonotum and the entire scutellum and metanotum black;

mesonotum predominantly shining, typically with 2 narrow discal stripes of

sparse pollen, each between the median and a dorsocentral line of punctures,

the pollen more extensive on the prescutellar slope; scutellum elongate trape-

zoidal, the apical pair of tubercles strongly developed, the subapical pair weakly

so; legs yellow, the hind tibia except narrowly at base and apex, the fore tarsus

entirely, and the distal segment or two of the mid and hind tarsi, brown;

frontal triangle long and narrow, the apex attaining the anterior margin of the

front, entirely shining, the occipital pollen ending abruptly opposite the posterior

ocelli; cheek unusually narrow for the genus, almost sublinear.

Elachiptera conjuncta has a slightly broader cheek, the entire mesonotum

rather heavily grey pollinose, frontal triangle pollinose on the sides, and the

scutellum not entirely black, varying from reddish-yellow below and at the

apex to nearly all reddish-yeilow.

Elachiptera (E.) simplicipes Becker

Elachiptera simplicipes Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 425 (Tanganyika).

UcanpA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 12 3, 13 2 (Edwards).

A small, slender, black species, the mesonotum broadly pollinose between

the dorsocentral lines, and the scutellum pollinose.

Most of the specimens have typically yellow to brownish frontal triangle,

but seven (3 5, 4 2) have a black triangle. The two forms were carefully com-

pared and they appear to be the same species. Either colour variation or

difference in maturity and the resulting intensification of colour may be

responsible.

The form with black triangle is superficially very close to E. cornuta (Fallén)

(Palaearctic), but in the latter only the dorsocentral lines themselves are

narrowly pollinose, like two stripes on the notum, the ocellar tubercle is

pollinose, the triangle is shorter, the legs are darker, etc.

E. simplictpes has previously been recorded from Ethiopia (Becker, 1913,

Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 154) and from Southern Rhodesia (Lamb, 1918, Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 385). I have seen other specimens from Belgian

Congo, Southern Rhodesia, and Tanganyika.

Elachiptera (E.) Lerouxi (Séguy)

_ Neoelachiptera Levouxt Séguy, 1938, Mission scient. de l’Omo, 4 Zocl., fasc. 39 : 360

Fas ier Leyouxi (Lerouri, typographical error); Sabrosky, 1941, Ann. Ent. Soc.

Amer. 34: 759.

Ucanba: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935,

I 2 (Edwards).

CHLOROPIDAE 789

The male described by Séguy came from the same region as covered by this

report, and was collected in March at 2400 metres on Mt. Elgon. The original

description does not mention some of the characters that I have commonly

used in the genus Elachiptera, and I have therefore given here a detailed

description of the species, based on the specimen from Uganda, and checked

against the original description and my notes and photographs on the type in

the Paris Museum. I can see no reason for regarding it as generically distinct

from Llachiptera.

Female.—Head predominantly bright yellow, only the frontal triangle, the

occiput centrally, the arista, and the third antennal segment narrowly before

the base of the arista, black; eye with sparse microscopic pubescence; front of

the short, broad type, the length only 0-9 times the width at vertex, the latter

slightly over twice the width of an eye and half the width of the head; frontal

triangle entirely shining, nearly equilateral, broad basally, but only three-

fourths the length of the front; cheek narrow, only 0-13 times the height of

an eye; arista broad and flat, about one and one-fourth times the length of

the front; outer vertical, erect and cruciate ocellar and postvertical, and

2 pairs of fronto-orbital bristles long and strong; anterior pair of inter-

frontal hairs, flanking the apex of the triangle, nearly as long as the fronto-

orbitals.

Thorax predominantly black, only the humerus and the prosternum bright

yellow, and the underside and apex of the scutellum and a lateral stripe com-

posed of notopleuron, the narrow upper margin of the mesopleuron, and a

supra-alar margin, obscure reddish-yellow; mesonotum and pleuron predomi-

nantly shining black, with bright grey pollen only on the notopleuron, the

upper fourth of the mesopleuron, narrowly above the wing base, and a narrow

prescutellar band; mesonotum appearing slender, though not quite 1-2 times

as long as broad; scutellum thin and flattened, not trapezoidal in outline for

the apex not strongly truncate, the length almost subequal to the width at

base; apical scutellar tubercles small, the subapical pair almost indistinguish-

able, apical bristles longer than the scutellum and cruciate at their tips;

notopleural bristles 1-++1, long and conspicuous.

Abdomen shining dark brown to black, the basal tergites not fused to form

a single large plate.

Legs bright yellow, including all coxae, with a suggestion of a narrow, brown

median ring on the hind tibia.

Wing hyaline, veins light brown, venation regular for the genus; length of

second to fourth costal sectors as 24:20:10; third and fourth veins evidently

diverging from their bases; fore crossvein beyond the middle of the discal cell,

as 15:11; penultimate section of the fourth vein 1-5 times as long as that of

the third vein. Haltere pale yellow.

Length, 2 mm.

790 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Elachiptera (E.) tarda (Adams)?

KENYA: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., I.xi.1934, 2 3, I 2

(Edwards).

The small series available here agrees with EF. tarda in reddish thorax,

characteristic black mark on the venter below and behind the fore coxae, short

frontal triangle sparsely covered with bright pollen, mesonotum shining and

not pollinose except on the notopleuron and a prescutellar band, and basal

abdominal segments not fused. There are slight differences between these

specimens and typical tavda that I have seen from Southern Rhodesia, but until

a longer series is available I am not prepared to say that they constitute

recognisable specific criteria. If they do, the types of E. grossiseta Becker and

E. dubia Lamb will have to be examined critically to see if those names apply

to any of the segregates (cf. note in the key under tarda).

The two cotypes of Elachiptera tarda in the University of Kansas collection

are hereby designated as lectotype (female) and lecto-allotype.

[Elachiptera (Cyrtomomyia) pulchra Becker]

Cyrtomomyia pulchva Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 166 (Ethiopia).

Besides the type series I have seen only one specimen of the species, a

female from Katberg, 4000 ft., East Cape Province, October 1932 (R. E. Turner)

[Brit. Mus.]. Two other specimens, from Mossel Bay, Cape Province, differ

slightly in colouration, but [ am not sure from so few specimens whether they

are a distinct species or merely a colour variety. The slender arista is the most

obvious difference from the following species.

[Elachiptera (Cyrtomomyia) ensifer, new species]

Near C. pulchra, but distinguished by the broadly flattened, sword-shaped

arista.

Male, female-——Head yellow, only the occiput except narrowly below, the

frontal triangle centrally, the arista, and the third antennal segment narrowly

about the base of the arista, black, the triangle varying from nearly all black

except apex to only a small central area encompassing the ocellar tubercle;

front slightly broader than long, as 10:9; frontal triangle smooth and polished,

at its base 0:8 times the width of the front, its apex nearly attaining the anterior

margin of the front; cheek narrow, almost linear; antenna as in Elachiptera,

the third segment subreniform, nearly twice as broad as long, with broadly

flattened, sword-shaped arista which is slightly wider in the females than in

the males; bristles and hairs yellow, the two pairs of verticals and the erect

and cruciate postverticals distinct, the ocellars microscopic and_ virtually

indistinguishable.

CHLOROPIDAE 791

Thorax characteristically bright orange-yellow with a broad median black

stripe and black scutellum with yellow tubercles, as in C. pulchra, but with

some variation shown in the series; thorax chiefly shining, only the scutellum

and a small area above and before the wing base bright pollinose; mesonotum

with fine piliferous punctures, the hairs bright yellow and closely appressed;

_-scutellum (Fig. 14) short, only 0:8 times as long as ‘the basal width, the apical

tubercles nearly two-fifths the length of the scutellum; the few distinct bristles

are long, strong, and bright yellow, including 1 notopleural (lower posterior),

I postalar, I posterior dorsocentral, I apical scutellar, and ir much

shorter subapical. Abdomen shining brown.

Legs pale yellow, the distal segment or two of each tarsus brown.

Wing hyaline, veins uniformly brown; venation similar to Elachiptera;

second costal sector nearly 1-2 times the length of the third sector; third and

fourth veins subparallel basally, but suddenly diverging apically as the fourth

vein curves posteriorly; fore crossvein well beyond the middle of the discal

cell, as 16:7. Haltere pale yellow.

Length, 1-5-2-0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 15 paratypes (5 g, 10 2), Somerset East, Cape

Province, South Africa, September 1930 (R. E. Turner); 8 paratypes, same

locality and collector, October (2 2), November (1 3, 4 2), and December 10-22

(r 2), 1930; I paratype (2), Worcester, Cape Province, January 1929 (R. E.

Turner). Types and paratypes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.); paratypes

in the U.S. National Museum and the writer’s collection.

Vanation: Although some of the differences in colour may be due in part

to the degree of maturity among the specimens, there appears to be a certain

amount of variation. Of the total of 26 specimens, 7 males and 7 females

have the scutellum black with yellow tubercles, and 12 females have it either

entirely yellow, or infuscated only at the base. There is some difference also

in the width of the mesonotal stripe and in the distinctness of two small sub-

lateral spots between the median stripe and the bases of the wings. In the

darkest specimens the stripe is wide and the spots are distinct, thus tending

to obscure the characteristic bright orange ground colour. The pleuron is yellow

in all specimens.

[Elachiptera (Cyrtomomyia) tuberculata (Adams), new combination]

Crassiseta tubevculata Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3, No. 6: 191 (S. Rhodesia).

Elachiptera maculinervis Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 425 (Tanganyika).

New synonym.

Cyrtomomyia incursitans Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 167 (Ethiopia).

New synonym.

I have examined the type specimens of all three of the above. Becker

originally misidentified twberculata Adams by considering it a species with all

abdominal segments of equal length, whereas it actually has the basal two

I, 7 (f)

792 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

segments fused to appear as one large segment occupying half the length of the

abdomen. This basal plate is yellow and apparently membranous or weakly

sclerotised, except on the sides and posterior margin, and in many specimens

it is somewhat collapsed. Accordingly it does not have the characteristic

appearance of such species as Elachiptera conjuncta (Adams), in which the basal

plate is relatively rigid and conspicuous, as well as occupying a greater propor-

tion of the abdomen. In describing the species in 1913, Becker was apparently

more impressed with the strongly developed scutellar tubercles and the resem-

blance of the scutellum to that of Dactylothvrea, and overlooked the fact that

he had previously described it in the genus Elachiptera.

The entirely black thorax will, of course, distinguish the species at once

from pulchra and ensifer. The arista is of the Elachiptera type, flattened and

about as broad as in ensifer, almost equally broad throughout; cheek between

one-fourth and one-fifth the height of an eye; frontal triangle large, its length

114 times the width at base, shining black, in some specimens with 2 small

spots of grey pollen on either side of the median ocellus, perhaps typically so;

front broad, the length subequal to the width; mesonotum densely punctured,

with a narrow line of sparse pollen between the median and each dorsocentral

position ; scutellum as figured (Fig. 15); all coxae and legs yellow, marked with

black, including the fore tarsus entirely, a distal portion of the fore tibia

(varying in extent), the distal third to half of the mid and hind femora (some-

times only obscurely infuscated, especially on the mid-femur), and the hind

tibia except the extreme ends; disk of the wing sometimes slightly browned,

often the wing membrane clear but the veins in this area darker brown, neither

the spot nor the darkening of the veins including more than the proximal halves

of the penultimate sections of the third and fourth veins.

In the darkest specimens, the fore and hind tibiae are extensively darkened,

the hind femoral band is particularly distinct, and the wing spot is definitely

brown, though not large. The males seem to be generally paler than the females,

especially in the leg markings.

Available material is from Weenen, Natal; Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia;

Mt. Chirinda, Mashonaland; and Jebel Murra, Killing, and West Darfur, Sudan.

Elachiptera (Cyrtomomyia) maculipennis, new species

Resembling C. tuberculata, but the wing spot stronger and more extensive,

the legs darker, and the front and triangle narrower.

Fremale.—Head black, only the anterior third of the front obscurely, and

the antenna except for the arista and a small spot at its base, yellow; front

proportionately narrower than in tuberculata, 1-18 times as long as broad;

frontal triangle likewise more slender, the length 1-39 times the width at base,

usually with 2 small spots of pollen flanking the median ocellus, the rest of

CHLOROPIDAE 793

the triangle shining, not smooth and polished as in tuberculata, but finely

shagreened; cheek width equal to one-fifth the height of an eye; arista very

broadly flattened, midway subequal to the width of the cheek, narrowing at

each end. ;

Thorax entirely black; mesonotum densely punctured, somewhat more

extensively pollinose than in fuberculata, but the median and dorsocentral lines

shining and marking off 2 narrow submedian stripes of pollen as in that

species ; scutellum as in tuberculata (cf. Fig. 15), elongate, one and one-half times

as long as broad at base, with 2 long pairs of tubercles, the longest (apical)

o-4 times the length of the scutellum, bristles black and strongly developed.

Abdomen shining brown-black, yellow basally, the structure as in ¢wberculata.

Legs yellow and black, with the same colour pattern as in twberculata, but

the black areas much darker and slightly more extensive, and the distal third

of the fore femur darkened.

Wing (Fig. 16) with a large, dark brown spot that extends from the middle

of the submarginal cell nearly to the hind margin of the wing, and from the

middle of the discal cell to the outer two-thirds of the first posterior cell; length

of second to fourth costal sectors as 42:26:11; second vein gently sinuate,

third and fourth straight and parallel; fore crossvein beyond the middle of the

discal cell, as 3:2. Haltere pale yellow.

Length, 2°5 ram.

Holotype, female, Kilembe, 4500 ft. Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, xii.1934-

1.1935 (Edwards).

Another female from the same locality is probably the same species, but

the specimen is headless. The wing spot is just as distinct, but a little less

extensive, and the black areas of the legs are likewise reduced. Judging from

tuberculata and ensifer, the colouration can be expected to be somewhat variable,

and the proportions of the front and triangle should prove to be the most

reliable characters.

Elachiptera (Melanochaeta) flavo-frontata (Becker)

Crassiseta flavo-frontata Becker, 1903, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 2: 151 (Egypt).

Melanochaeta ‘flavo-frontata (Becker); Becker, toro, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 420

(Tanganyika); Becker, t913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 155 (Ethiopia).

Ucanpa: Kigezi District, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft., xi.1934, I 2 (Ford).

Becker’s type series came from Alexandria, Cairo, and Faiyum in northern

Egypt. In the present collection a lone female, in somewhat rubbed condition,

agrees with Becker’s description and my notes on the type. Inasmuch as I have

no Egyptian examples for further study, I shall follow the example of Becker

(1910, 1913) in recording the species from the Central African highlands. It is

possible that adequate material from both areas would show that some

- differences exist, but the question cannot be answered at this time.

794 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The species is characterised by the comparatively slender arista, thickened

but not broadly flattened and sword-shaped as in typical Elachiptera; frontal

triangle reddish-yellow with black ocellar spot; thorax with reddish-yellow

ground colour, the mesonotum dark red with 3 narrow, reddish-black stripes

in the median and dorsocentral positions, and a dark lateral stripe on each

side above the wing base and the notopleuron, the stripes merging on the

posterior slope of the mesonotum; scutellum short and rounded apically, the

apical and the one pair of subapical bristles not set on tubercles; mesonotum

in the holotype and in the above specimen thinly pollinose on the posterior

slope and along the three narrow discal vittae, but the generally bare appearance

may be due to being rubbed.

Elachiptera (Melanochaeta) scapularis (Adams)

Crassiseta scapulavis Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3, No. 6: 189 (S. Rhodesia).

UcanpaA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 3 3, 5 2 (Edwards); Kigezi, Mabungo,

6000 ft., x1.1934 and 18.xi.1934, I g, 2 2 (Ford); Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft.,

grass zone, X11.1934-1.1935, I g, I 9 (Edwards) ; Ruwenzori, Kyarumba, 4500 ft.,

Xi1.1934-1.1935, I g (Buxton) ; Ruwenzori, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xi1.1934—

1.1935, I d (Edwards). ;

C. scapularis is a species which is an intermediate and transition form between

typical Elachiptera and the Melanochaeta group which Becker and others

separated, but which has recently been grouped with Elachiptera. The meso-

notum is more definitely punctured than in the usual Melanochaeta (e.g. vulgaris,

atricornis), the dorsocentral lines are moderately strong and impressed (very

strong in Elachiptera, not evident in Melanochaeta), and the median line of

punctures is evident, though not distinct. The scutellum is flattened and

slightly longer than the usual short, rounded Oscinella-type of scutellum found

in most Melanochaeta. The apical scutellar bristles are set closer together,

approaching Elachiptera although still not on tubercles.

It is a comparatively brightly coloured form, with bright yellow head,

almost entirely deep yellow third antennal segment, yellow prosternum, orange

humerus.and propleuron, and yellow legs except for shghtly infuscated tibiae

and tarsi in part. The ocellar tubercle is pollinose as in vulgaris. The cheek is

narrow, subequal to or narrower than the width of the broad, flat arista. The

latter is quite long, nearly twice the length of the third antennal segment.

Of the various species which may have been confused with it, scapularis

appears to be closest to the Palaearctic pubescens Thalhammer, often recorded

from Africa. The European specimens of the latter now before me differ

especially from scapularis in having a much narrower arista and no evidence

of dorsocentral lines. The two may be closely related, with scapularis approach-

ing typical Elachiptera in the characteristics cited.

CHLOROPIDAE 795

C. scapularis has not been recorded in the literature since it was described

by Adams, but I have seen specimens from Belgian Congo, Cape Province,

Kenya, Southern Rhodesia, and from 3800 ft. on Mt. Chirinda in Mashonaland.

Two cotypes in the University of Kansas collection are hereby designated as

lectotype (male) and lecto-allotype.

Elachiptera (Melanochaeta) atricornis (Adams)

Crassiseta atvicovnis Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3, No. 6: 190 (S. Rhodesia).

Ucanpba: Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulambuh, 8000 ft., 7.viii.1934,

I 3,52; Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., 5.vili.1934, 3 3, 3 2, “sweeping short

grass’’; Kigezi, Mt. Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.ix.1934, I g, 1 2; Kigezi, Mabungo,

6000 ft., xi.1934, I 6, 3 2; Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xil.1934-1.1935, 1 2

(all collected by Edwards).

Kenya: Aberdare, Mt. Kinangop, 8800 ft., x.1934, 1 dg (Edwards).

Superficially, the species is very close to vulgaris Adams, but the differences

used in the key are consistent and specific. The shining, non-pollinose ocellar

tubercle will distinguish it from vulgaris and pubescens, and also from diabolus

Becker, another dark species.

The male from Kenya has entirely black antenna and darker legs than the

other specimens in the series, and thus resembles diabolus. Because of the

shining ocellar tubercle, yellow palpi, etc., however, I conclude that it is merely

a melanic individual of atricornis.

Becker (1910) recorded atricormis from Tanganyika. I have seen specimens

from Angola, Belgian Congo, Cape Province, Mashonaland, Natal, Orange Free

State, Southern Rhodesia, and Transvaal. Of the four cotypes in the University

of Kansas collection, I hereby designate a female as lectotype.

Elachiptera (Melanochaeta) vulgaris (Adams)

Crassiseta vulgayvis Adams, 1905, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 3, No. 6: 191 (S. Rhodesia).

Kenya: Aberdare, Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., x.1934, 1 ¢ (Edwards), and

I.x1.1934, I 9 (Edwards).

Ucanpa: Mt. Elgon, between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., 7.viii.1934,

I dg, 4 8 (Ford); Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7000 ft., 5.viii.1934, 2 g, 9 2 (Fora),

“sweeping short grass’’; Budongo Forest, 7.ii.1935, I 2 (Edwards) ; Kigezi, Mt.

Muhavura, 7000 ft., 29.ix.1934, I g, 3 2 (Edwards); Kigezi, Lake Mutanda,

6000 ft., x1.1934, 5 6, 3 ° (Ford); Kigezi, Mabungo, 18.xi.1934, I 3d (Ford);

Ruwenzori, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I ¢ (Edwards); Ruwenzori,

Namwamba Valley, 10,100 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 2 2 (Jackson); Ruwenzori,

Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, 2 g, 2 2 (Buxton).

There is a reasonable amount of variation in colour in these specimens,

some of which may well be due to a difference in the maturity of the specimens,

790 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

since this factor often operates to modify the extent or intensity of colour.

Likewise these examples are usually darker than Rhodesian and South African

representatives. The distal third of the third antennal segment is infuscated,

the fore and mid-tibiae are often blackened, and the distal third to half of each

femur is frequently the same. In a few specimens the femora are almost entirely

black. The coxae, however, are typically yellow in all specimens.

The appellation vulgaris is quite appropriate for the species, for it is one of

the most abundant and widespread of the Chloropidae of the region. It is

possible that in the past it has often been confused with atricornis (Adams),

since the two differ only in details which require careful attention. Adams’s

names are used for these concepts because the types have been studied in

conjunction with considerable material, and their correct application is more

likely than that of some older names.

E. palmata Loew (1852), pubescens Thalhammer (1898), and pilosula Becker

(1910) all run to the same couplet in the key as vulgaris and atricornis. My

European specimens of pubescens seem quite different, however, although the

name has often been applied to African specimens, and Becker (1910) regarded

it as the same species as vulgavis. The status of the other two names cannot

be determined with certainty.

Of the three species—vulgaris, atricornis, and scapularis—which might have

been determined as pubescens, vulgaris is closest in the form of the triangle,

and scapularis in colour pattern. My European specimens of pubescens (deter-

mined by Dr. O. Duda) have the humerus and propleuron orange, and not only

the ocellar tubercle, but most of the posterior portion of the triangle is pollinose.

The arista is also quite narrow in pubescens, approaching the Oscinella type,

and much narrower than in either of the three African species. In my opinion,

pubescens does not occur in the Ethiopian Region (though it does in North

Africa), and the records of pubescens were probably based on one of the three

species properly segregated by Adams.

In addition to the Ruwenzori material, I have seen specimens of typical

vulgaris from Angola, Belgian Congo, Cape Province, Natal, Pondoland,

Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika, Transvaal, and from 3800 ft. altitude on Mt.

Chirinda.in Mashonaland.

There are 4 cotypes of vulgayis in the University of Kansas collection, of

which I hereby designate a lectotype (male) and lecto-allotype.

Elachiptera (Melanochaeta) sp.

UcGanDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 1 Q (Edwards).

I cannot associate the specimen with any described species, but the antennae

are missing and I do not care to describe it in the absence of the important

characters to be stated from them. The thorax is black, the mesonotum and

CHLOROPIDAE 797

upper half of the pleuron are heavily grey pollinose, and the frontal triangle is

polished black anterior to the ocelli, but heavily grey pollinose behind. The

really unique feature is that the cheeks are linear, and the vibrissal angles

undeveloped, rounded to follow the curve of an eye. The halteres appear to

be black or brown, which would also be a unique feature in the genus if true, but

there is some indication that they may have been discoloured in mounting.

The species is similar to E. diabolus (Becker) and FE. vulgaris (Adams), both

of which have the ocellar tubercle pollinose, but the linear cheek is quite

different from either of these species.

Disciphus Becker

Becker, rg11, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9:98. Type, D. pevegrinus Becker (by designation

of Sabrosky, 1941).

Disciphus spp.

UcanpDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, 2 ¢ (Edwards); Ruwenzori Range,

Namwamba Valley, xii.1934-1.1935, I 2 (Edwards).

This genus was described from Java and Formosa, and has not hitherto

been recorded from Africa, but there are 3 specimens in the present collection

whose characters agree fairly well with Becker’s genus. In the East Indian

species the wings have conspicuous discal spots and the third and fourth veins

are divergent, whereas in the African specimens before me the wings are entirely

hyaline and the third and fourth veins subparallel. The antennae are missing,

unfortunately, and I cannot compare the important features of antennal and

aristal characters. The form of the scutellum is characteristic (Becker, 1911,

iow Plate. Fig. 12).

The two males recorded here apparently belong to one species and the

female to another. They are so different that it is highly improbable they are

sexes of the same species. Because of the absence of antennae and the damaged

condition of some other characters, I shall leave them undescribed until better

material is available.

In the key to the genera of Ethiopian Oscinellinae, these specimens will run

to Elachiptera (Cyrtomomyia). Because of the lack of good material for study,

I shall not comment on the relation and relative status of Disciphus and

Cyrtomomyia, but the two are certainly very close and may even prove to be

the same.

Pseudogaurax Malloch

Malloch, 1915, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 17: 159. Type, Gaurav anchora Loew (by original

designation and monobasic).

The relation of Gaurax and Pseudogaurax, and the occurrence of several

species of the latter in Africa, were discussed by Sabrosky (1945, Proc. Zool.

708 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Soc. London, 114: 456-458). One new species was described there (elachi-

pteroides), and a key was given to four species of Pseudogaurax recognised in

Africa (secundus Becker, sicaritus Lamb, disstmilipes Malloch, elachipteroides

Sabrosky). Subsequently (Sabrosky, 1946, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 116: 47),

another new species was described from Uganda as Pseudogaurax longicornis.

The interesting feature of the genus as it occurs in Africa is the peculiar

development of various structures, with the characters thus stimulating those

of other genera. In elachtpteroides, the arista is broad and flattened as in

Elachiptera; im longicornis, the third antennal segment is elongate rather than

reniform as usual in Pseudogaurax; yet both are otherwise typically Pseudo-

gaurax. The new species that I place here is also aberrant, but, again, the sum

total of its characters indicates a closer relationship to this genus than to

any other.

Elachiptera Pauliam Séguy (1946, Encyclop. Ent., ser. B, II, Diptera, t. 10,

p- 6; 1947, Bull. Soc. ent. France 52 (6): 96), reared from Sphodromantis ootheca

in the Ivory Coast, must certainly be referred to Pseudogaurax (new combina-

tion). Both the description and the biology are typically that of the genus

Pseudogaurax. From Séguy’s description, the species is apparently a synonym

of Pseudogaurax elachipteroides Sabrosky (1945), which was reared from Mantis

ootheca in Nigeria.

Pseudogaurax aberrans, new species

Female.—Head predominantly black, the front dull brown with grey pollen,

narrowly reddish-yellow anteriorly; cheek, palpus, and antenna reddish-yellow,

the arista and a narrow spot about its base black; frontal triangle shining

black, except for a grey pollinose ocellar spot, and unusually small, reduced

to a small area around the ocellar spot and a narrowly acuminate extension

anterior to it; front much broader than usual in Pseudogaurax, its width at the

vertex twice that of an eye and only a little less than half the overall width

of the head; third antennal segment subreniform, only half as long as broad;

arista as long as the width of the front at the vertex, densely short plumose,

the longest hairs subequal in length to the fronto-orbitals; inner and outer

vertical and the parallel postvertical bristles well developed, the erect and

subparallel or slightly converging ocellars less distinct, not three-fifths the

length of the postverticals, all bristles black.

Thorax entirely black, appearing entirely shining in some aspects, but with

fine, bright grey pollen on the meso-, ptero-, hypo-, and notopleuron, on the

postalar wall, and on the sides and ventral surface of the scutellum ; mesonotum

densely punctured, the hairs dark yellow; scutellum elongate and moderately

tapering, its length slightly greater than the width at base, as 26:22; bristles

black and well developed, the lateral humeral and 1+ 2 notopleurals especially

CHLOROPIDAE 799

distinct ; apical scutellar bristles approximated at base, three-fourths the length

of the scutellum; metanotum high, smooth and polished. Abdomen brown

above, broadly yellow on the basal two segments.

Legs predominantly dark yellow: all coxae yellow; femora broadly yellow

basally and narrowly yellow apically, the preapical black band increasing from

a narrow and incomplete ring on the fore femur to nearly one-half the length

of the femur on the hind leg; tibiae with a median black band whose proportion

is the reverse of that on the femur, the fore tibia chiefly black, narrowly yellow

at base and apex, and the mid- and hind tibiae with progressively narrower

black bands; tarsi yellow.

Wing clear, veins brown, the venation characterised especially by the long

second costal sector, 2:14 times the length of the third sector, and marginal cell

at the middle slightly broader than the submarginal cell. Haltere yellow.

Length, 2-25 mm.

Holotype, female, Mbarara, Uganda, 15.x1.1934 (Edwards).

Although somewhat aberrant, I believe that the summation of its characters

will place the species in Pseudogaurax. It is shining black, whereas most of the

species of the genus are yellow, patterned with black, and the postvertical

bristles are parallel instead of cruciate at the tips. Otherwise, the species agrees

with Pseudogaurax in having the eye densely short pubescent and large, occupy-

ing nearly the whole of the head as seen in profile, the cheek linear ; face concave,

without a median carina; third antennal segment subreniform, shorter than

broad; arista long, densely short plumose; fronto-orbitals numerous, hairlike ;

proboscis short ; mesonotum with numerous punctures, not arranged in apparent

rows; mesopleuron not hairy; scutellum thin, the disk scabrous, flattened, and

with numerous short hairs, elongate and tapering, longer than broad at the

base; apical scutellar bristles long, approximated at base; 1 lateral humeral

and 1+2 notopleural bristles long and conspicuous; legs short and slender,

large “‘sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia; wing

venation as usual in Pseudogaurax, the marginal cell broad and veins 3 and 4

straight and subparallel.

Pseudogaurax aberrans somewhat resembles P. secundus (Becker), also a

shining black species, but the latter has a shorter and broader scutellum, black

palpus, and predominantly black legs, only the knees narrowly and the proximal

two segments of each tarsus yellow.

Anomeeoceros Lamb

Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 397. Type, -l. hispidus Lamb (by original

designation and monobasic).

The genus proposed by Lamb appears to be amply justified, though the

discovery of additional species requires a slight modification in the generic

diagnosis. The genus is superficially suggestive of Rhodesrella (one species was

800 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

described under that name), but is distinguished by a number of characters,

notably the parallel postvertical bristles, long third antennal segment, densely

pubescent eye, 1-++2 notopleural bristles, and absence of erect hairs on the

mesopleuron. It seems closely related to Pseudogaurax, but differs principally

in the first two characters mentioned above, plus the fact that the arista is

basal rather than subapical as in Pseudogaurax, a point of especial importance

in the aberrant species of the latter in which the third antennal segment is

elongated dorsally.

Generic diagnosis: Eye densely pubescent, large and protruding, occupying

nearly the entire head as seen in profile, the cheek linear; lower margin of the

head short, only three-fifths the length of the front, the latter projecting slightly

beyond the eye; front longer than broad; face nearly flat, with low median

carina; second antennal segment elongate and more conspicuous than usual,

the third segment not subreniform, as long or longer than broad; arista pubes-

cent, its length conspicuously shorter than in Pseudogaurax, not as long as

the antenna and little over half the length of the front; proboscis short and

fleshy; front-orbitals numerous, hairlike, outer vertical bristles long and

distinct, inner verticals indistinguishable from hairs, the slightly reclinate and

parallel to shghtly convergent ocellars slender, postverticals strong, parallel,

and pointing slightly caudad; mesonotum and scutellum densely punctured

without definite rows; mesopleuron without erect hairs; notopleural bristles

1+2; scutellum punctured to scabrous, with numerous hairs, elongate or the

length at least nearly subequal to the basal width; apical scutellar bristles

approximated basally; legs short, large “‘sensory area”’ on the posterodorsal

surface of the hind tibia; wing short and broad, with the characteristically

broad marginal cell of Gaurax and Pseudogaurax.

One of the features upon which Lamb based his genus, the frontal triangle

densely and strongly pitted with piliferous punctures, is true for the genotype

and for another species that I believe to be punctulatus Becker. In the Ruwen-

zori material, however, are 2 other species which agree closely with hispidus

in all characteristics except the triangle, which is chiefly smooth and polished

with only 1 row of piliferous punctures on each side. These punctures are

stronger and more conspicuous than in Rhodestella, in which the punctures are

fine and are either beside the triangle or just barely on the edge of the triangle

itself. I had at first segregated these species as a new genus, but the funda-

mental similarity in all other characters, together with the somewhat inter-

mediate, less punctured condition of punctulatus, have led me to regard all four

species as constituting the genus Anomcoceros. The punctation of the frontal

triangle is regarded as a specific rather than a generic character.

All four species have the knob of the haltere black, a point which is hardly

of generic importance, but which may be worthy of mention as it is the

exception rather than the rule in this family,

CHLOROPIDAE 8or

Anomeoceros appears to be related to Thyridula Becker of the Oriental

Region, as suggested by Lamb. I have no material of the genotype of the

latter, but the type of 7. rugosa Malloch (which is apparently correctly placed

as Thyridula) differs notably from Anomeoceros in the slender, cruciate post-

vertical bristles, short third antennal segment, pollinose triangle and mesono-

‘tum, and large, broad scutellum with distinct marginal tubercles. In certain

respects also, especially in the densely pubescent eye and arista and in the wing

venation, Anomcoceros is apparently related to Pseudogaurax. The densely

punctured triangle of some species also superficially suggests Calamoncosis,

though the latter is not related.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANOMCGOCEROS

t. Frontal triangle with 3—5 rows of piliferous pits on each side . : :

Triangle with only 1 row of piliferous pits on each side . 3

2 Triangle with 4-5 rows of closely set pits on each side (counted opposite the

median ocellus), the only smooth surface being a narrow median stripe;

scutellum mae times as long as broad at base; relatively large species

(3 mm.) : a hispidus Lamb

Triangle with only 3 rows of pits on each side opposite the median ocellus, with

some smooth surface between all the punctures; scutellum slightly shorter,

the length 0:96-1:09 times the basal breadth; smaller species (2-0—2:3 mm.)

A. punctulatus (Becker)

3. Scutellum elongate conical, its length slightly over half that of the mesonotum,

and 1-2 times its own basal width; palpus yellow, large and conspicuous

[A. flavipalpis, new species]

Scutellum shorter and more rounded apically, its length one-third that of the

mesonotum, and not quite equal to its own basal breadth; palpus black,

small and less conspicuous. : . <A. acuminatocornis, new species

Anomeoceros hispidus Lamb

“Anomeoceros hispidus Lamb, 1918, Ann, Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 397 (S. Rhodesia).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., xil.1934-1.1935, 2 2

(Edwards). [Also r 9, Karura, Kenya, June 1937, ‘caught on Lantana”’ (van

Someren), and i g§, Embu, Kenya, March 24, 1914 {Imper. Inst. Ent.].]

Although for a long time I could not be certain that hispidus was distinct

from punctulatus Becker, the study of eight specimens before me indicates that

there are two closely related species involved. The differences are not great,

but I believe it is possible to relate these to the published descriptions. One

species is noticeably larger, and the thorax is densely yellow haired, both of

these points agreeing with Lamb’s description of jispidus. The frontal triangle

is very densely pitted, the pits so close together that they are separated only

by thin ridges, the only smooth surface being a narrow shining median stripe

that appears as a shallow groove.

The colour pattern on the legs is consistent. The coxae, femora, and tibiae

are black, except at the knees, and the tarsi are yellow with the distal segments

brown as follows: 3 on the fore tarsus, none on the mid-tarsus, and 2

on the hind tarsus.

802 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Lamb wrote that the bristles were orange, but there seems to be variation

in this character. Of the four specimens before me, two have all bristles orange,

one has all cephalic and the humeral pair of bristles orange, but the rest black,

and the fourth specimen has only the two posterior notopleural bristles black.

The lone male has the short acuminate antenna as figured by Lamb (l.c.

Fig. 31), the females the rounded type shown in his next figure. Lamb described

the species from 2 pairs, and apparently his association of the sexes was

correct, the species being sexually dimorphic in the form of the antenna. In

A. flavipalpis, however, both sexes have the same rounded type of antenna.

Anomeeoceros punctulatus (Becker), new combination

Meroscinis punctulata Becker, 1916, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 14: 437-438 (Uganda; Natal).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Mobuku Valley, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935, I 2

(Edwards). [Also 1 9, Embu, Kenya, March 8, 1913, and 1 g,1 9,Zomba,

Nyasaland, 1913 (Dr. H. S. Stannus) |Imper. Inst. Ent.].]

I have not seen the type of punctulatus, but from the description there is

no doubt that it is not a true Meroscinis (sew Rhodesiella), and the strongly

punctured frontal triangle identifies it as near Anomeoceros hispidus. From

the small size given by Becker, I believe that punctulatus is the proper name

for the above specimens, which are distinguished from /ispidus by several

characters in addition to the consistently smaller size.

The frontal triangle is strongly pitted, but there are fewer rows and the

punctures are separated by narrow but distinct smooth and polished areas.

The entire triangle is thus more shining than in /zspidus. The legs have the

same colour pattern observed for hispidus, but in the four specimens all the

bristles are black. The females have the same type of antenna, with the third

segment slightly longer than broad and rounded apically, but the antennae of

the lone male are broken off.

Anomeeoceros acuminatocornis, new species

Male.—Head black, including the palpus, proboscis, and antenna except

for the ventral third of the second and third segments; front dull, velvety

black-brown, long and narrow, 1-3 times as long as the width at the vertex,

the width 1-6 times the width of an eye and nearly one-half the width of the

head; frontal triangle polished black, elongate, its base occupying 0-7 of the

width of the front at the vertex, its apex nearly reaching the anterior margin

of the front, the sides straight, one row of conspicuous piliferous punctures set

on each side of the triangle for the entire length; front projecting beyond the

eyes in profile, the fronto-facial angle slightly less than go degrees, face strongly

receding ; palpus short and inconspicuous; antenna as figured (Fig. 17), elongate,

CHLOROPIDAE 803

the third segment 2-5 times as long as broad, the apex acuminate; arista long

pubescent, its length only subequal to that of the third antennal segment;

bristles and hairs black.

Thorax entirely shining black, the mesonotum and scutellum densely

punctured and with abundant long black hair; scutellum scabrous, not strongly

flattened, one-third as long as the mesonotum, the length and width at base

nearly equal, apex broadly rounded; bristles black; notopleurals 1+2; only

the apical scutellar bristles developed, cruciate at tips, their bases approxi-

mated, their length equal to that of the scutellum. Abdomen shining black

above, except narrowly at the base, with black hair.

Legs, including all coxae, predominantly black, only the basal segment of

the fore tarsus, the proximal three segments of the mid-tarsus, and the proximal

two segments of the hind tarsus, yellow.

Wing hyaline, veins brown, the venation similar to A. Azspidus (Lamb, 1918,

l.c., Fig. 33), but the third vein curving forward like the second, and the fourth

vein nearly straight; length of second to fourth costal sectors as 50:28:22;

width of marginal cell at the middle subequal to that of the submarginal cell

opposite it; penultimate section of fourth vein over 1-5 times that of the third

vein, as 22:14; fore crossvein slightly beyond the middle of the discal cell.

Haltere with black knob and brown stalk.

Length, 2 mm.

Holotype, male, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., Ruwenzori Range, Uganda,

X11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards).

This. is the only species of the four that has black palpi. From the sexual

dimorphism of the antenna observed in /ispidus, it might be suspected that

this is the male of flavipalpis, but the form of the scutellum and the colour of

the palpus indicate that it is a different species. The third antennal segment is

longer and more acuminate apically than in the known male of hispidus.

[Anomeeoceros flavipalpis, new species]

Male, female.—Close to acuminatocornis, but differing in the following

particulars: palpus bright yellow to orange, large and conspicuous; front with

the length equal to the width at the vertex, the latter wider than an eye and

slightly less than half the width of the head; antenna somewhat elongate, the

third segment slightly longer than broad, its apex broadly rounded and not

produced acuminately as in the foregoing species; arista longer in proportion

than in acuminatocornis, 1-6 times the length of the third segment ; mesopleuron

with a small pollinose area in the upper posterior corner; scutellum with a

tubular appearance, elongate, strongly tapering to a narrow apex, and the disk

strongly convex; length of scutellum about 0-6 times that of the mesonotum,

and 1-2-1°3 times its own basal width; only the apical scutellar bristles

804 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

developed, their bases approximated and their length about two-thirds that of

the scutellum ; legs predominantly black as in acuminatocornis, the tarsal pattern

differing in that the fore tarsus is usually entirely black (though the basal

segment is yellow in one specimen), the mid-tarsus is entirely yellow, and the

hind tarsus has only the basal segment or two yellow; wing venation approxi-

mately as in acuminatocornis, but the second costal sector is proportionately

shorter, with the length of second to fourth costal sectors as 27:17:11, and the

third and fourth veins nearly straight. Haltere with black knob and yellow

stalk.

Length, 2°5 mm.

Holotvpe, male, allotype, and 4 paratypes (2 3, 1 2, 1 with abdomen

broken), Kawanda, Uganda, September 11, 1939," bred in flower buds of ? plant”

(H. Hargreaves). Type series returned to the Imperial Institute of Entomology,

I paratype in the U.S. National Museum.

In view of the dimorphism in the form of the antenna that Lamb stated

for jispidus, it is interesting to observe the absence of such in this species.

Figs. 16-21. Fig. 16.—Elachiptera (Cyrtomyia) maculipennis Sabr., wing; Fig. 17.—

Anomeoceros acuminatocornis Sabr., antenna; Fig. 18.—Camptoscinella annulitibia Sabr.,

wing; Fig. 19.—Stenoscinis longidiscalis Sabr., wing; Fig. 20.—Oscinella argyrobasis Sabr.,

wing; Fig. 21.—Stenoscinis submarginifusca Sabr., wing.

CHLOROPIDAE 805

The apparent variation in the colour of the tarsi should also be noted. The

typical condition seems to be an entirely black fore tarsus, but some specimens

show a paler base, and in one female the entire basal segment is orange-yellow.

Anomeceoceros sp.

UcGanpbaA: Entebbe, 1.1935, 1 3 (Jackson).

One specimen that may be a new species, or may also be a small individual

of flavipalpis, is left undescribed until further material is available. It is similar

to flavipalpis, with the same rounded third antennal segment and elongate

conical scutellum, but the front is narrower (1-2 times as long as wide at the

vertex), the second and third longitudinal veins are rather strongly curved

forward, even more than in acuminatocornis, and the fourth vein is not straight

but is gently convex anteriorly. The length of the above specimen is 1-5 mm.,

noticeably smaller than flavipalpis.

Pselaphia Becker

Becker, ro1z, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 9: 117. Type, P. macroceva Becker (monobasic).

The genus Psecaphia was originally described from the Oriental Region, but

I have no Oriental material with which to compare the generic or specific

characters of P. cornifera; nor do I have any African material of Leucochaeta

for comparison with cornifera. From the standpoint of the generic key, the

African species Pselaphia cornifera is easily distinguishable from Leucochaeta,

though scarcely by characters that are usually considered of generic significance.

The two genera seem quite close, but the lack of comparative material prevents

any further comment on their generic status.

Pselaphia cornifera Becker

Pselaphila (in error for Pselaphia) cornifera Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 250

(Ethiopia).

UGaAnbDA: Ruwenzori, Kyarumba, 4500 ft., xii.1934-1.1935 (Buxton), one

specimen with abdomen broken.

In addition to Becker’s description it may be noted that the entire notum

and the upper portion of the pleuron are bright grey pollinose with 2 distinct

stripes of brown pollen in the dorsocentral positions, these stripes joined by

brown pollen just anterior to the brown pollinose scutellum; lower portion of

the pleuron polished black to pitch-black; frontal triangle brownish-grey

pollinose; palpus yellow; bristles black, but short and weakly developed; on

the head only the outer vertical and the erect, convergent postvertical bristles

developed; notopleurals 1-4-2; scutellum short and broad, apically rounded like

Oscinella, the apical bristles set far apart; sensory area present on the hind

tibia; wing like Oscinella, short and broad with brown veins, the second costal

806 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

sector 1-25 times the length of the third, the third slightly greater than the

fourth, the third longitudinal vein slightly undulant and appearing slightly

divergent from the fourth vein, and the fore crossvein slightly distad of the

middle of the discal cell.

The species has hitherto been recorded only from three localities in Ethiopia,

by Becker (1912, 1913). I have seen additional material from Cape Province,

Kenya, and Transvaal.

Dicraeus Loew

Dicraeus Loew, 1873, Berl. ent. Ztschr. 17: 51 (Europe). Type, D. obscurus Loew

(monobasic).

Oxyapium Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 250-251 (Ethiopia). Type, O.

longinerve Becker (monobasic). New synonym.

The genus Dicraeus has not hitherto been recorded from the Ethiopian

Region, except for the description of a Dicraeus minutissimus by Séguy (1938,

Mission de |’Omo, 4, Zool. fasc. 39: 364) from Kenya. I found from the type of

the latter in Paris that it isnot a Dicraeus but belongs in Oscinella Becker (sens.

lat.). However, Becker had earlier (1912) described a species and erected a new

genus for it (Oxvapium longiverne) which I found from the type in the Magyar

Nemzeti Muzeum at Budapest to be referable to Dicraeus. The species does have

a somewhat angulate third antennal segment, though not as extreme as Becker’s

figure, but in the absence of other important differences, that one feature seems

inadequate for generic distinction. In all the important structural characters

—the form of the head and especially of the cheek, the bristles, the wing

venation, etc.—the species belongs in Dicraeus.

In superficial appearance D. longinervis is very similar to pale European

species such as Dicraeus pallidiventris Macquart, to which it may well be

closely related.

Dicraeus longinervis (Becker), new combination

Oxyapium longinerve Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 250-251, Fig. 2, a, b

(Ethiopia).

UGanpbaA: Kigezi, Mabungo Camp, 6000 ft., 18.xi.1934, I g (Ford).

S.W. UGANDA: Kigezi, Mabungo, 6000 ft., xi.1934, 1 2 (Ford).

The species is recorded in the literature only from two localities in Ethiopia,

but it apparently has a fairly wide distribution, for I have seen specimens from

Pretoria, South Africa (H. K. Munvo) in addition to the above.

The male has a darker abdomen than the female.

Camptoscinella, new genus

Genotype: Camptoscinella annulitibia, new species.

Generic diagnosis: Subfamily Oscinellinae, related to Conioscinella in most

CHLOROPIDAE 807

features of body structure and chaetotaxy, but characterised principally by

the unusual wing venation (Fig. 18).

Head: eye microscopically pubescent; frontal triangle short, dull, thickly

pollinose ; face concave, without median carina; cheek linear; oral opening short

and broad, its width over 1:5 times its length; proboscis short and fleshy; third

antennal segment short, suborbicular, with pubescent arista; ocellar and post-

vertical bristles short, erect, convergent.

Thorax: mesonotum pollinose; mesopleuron without hairs; scutellum

short and apically rounded, in the type only three-fifths as long as its basal

width, the disk convex; notopleural bristles I-42; I apical and 1 subapical

scutellars. Legs slender, large “‘sensory area’’ on posterodorsal surface of hind

tibia.

Wing (Fig. 18): first vein long, extending almost half the length of the

wing, weakened opposite the unusually wide subcostal break in the costa, the

weakening apparently allowing the wing to fold across the middle; radial sector

unusually long; second vein sinuate, third and fourth straight, the two latter

slightly diverging from their bases; second costal sector only slightly longer

than the third; first basal cell long and narrow; discal cell long and strong,

extending well into the distal half of the wing; outer crossvein oblique; fore

crossvein far out on the discal cell, at the outer four-fifths: anal area of the

wing broadly developed.

Camptoscinella annulitibia, new species

Female.—Head predominantly yellow, the occiput reddish-brown centrally,

frontal triangle reddish in ground colour with grey pollen, ocellar spot black,

arista brown; front apparently longer than broad, but the length and width

subequal by actual measurement, the width at the vertex 1-6 times the width

of an eye and only slightly less than half the width of the head; frontal triangle

short, equilateral, extending to the middle of the front; lower cheek margin

with 1-2 irregular rows of black hairs; front with numerous black hairs, and

about 8 pairs of fronto-orbitals, short, black, and distinct from frontal hairs

only by position. :

Thorax reddish-brown, scutellum somewhat paler, the mesonotum in certain

lights with a broad median and 2 lateral dark brown to blackish stripes, the

lateral vittae abbreviated before the posterior dorsocentral bristles ; mesonotum,

scutellum, and upper half of the pleuron bright grey pollinose, the lower half

of the pleuron shining orange and the large metanotum polished black. Abdomen

brown.

Legs yellow, the femora slightly infuscated dorsally and anteriorly, all

tibiae marked with 2 narrow, dark brown to black bands, at one-third and

two-thirds the length of the tibia. —

II, 7: (g)

808 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wing clear, veins light brown; length of second to fourth costal sectors as

21:17:12; radial sector over twice the length of the penultimate section of the

third vein, the latter subequal to the penultimate section of the fourth vein.

Haltere yellow.

Length, 1-25 mm.

Holotype, female, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.11.1935 (Edwards).

The species is quite similar to C. zmsulicola (Bezzi), but the latter is distin-

guished by pale yellow bristles and hairs on the head, 5 pairs of long fronto-

orbital hairs, pleuron chiefly polished black, and all femora and tibiae with

a single broad median infuscated area which becomes progressively larger from

front to hind legs, and on the hind leg occupies all but narrow apical portions

of the femur and tibia.

{Camptoscinella insulicola (Bezzi), new combination]

Gaurax insulicola Bezzi, 1926, Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1925: 558-560, Fig. 15

(1. Rodriguez).

In a recent paper (Sabrosky, 1945, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 114: 459),

I pointed out that zmsulicola was an aberrant form that did not agree with

either Gaurax or Pseudogaurax. As it has almost identically the same wing

venation as annulitibia, and agrees fairly well in the other characters of generic

importance, I refer it to Camptoscinella.

Stenoscinis Malloch

Malloch, 1918, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 13: 21. Type, Oscinis longipes Loew (by original

designation and monobasic).

The genus is characterised by the slender, elongate form of the body, legs,

and wings, the latter in particular being longer and narrower than usual in the

Oscinellinae, with the effect being heightened by the reduced anal area of the

wing. Typically, the eye is large, occupying virtually the entire head as seen

in profile, and the cheek is thus linear and inconspicuous. Some species of

Oscinella (sens. lat.), such as O. dimuidiofrit Becker, resemble typical Stenoscinis

in some of the characters. After studying these species and also the genotype,

I concluded that the genus Stenoscznis could be limited by the fact that the

ocellar bristles are proclinate and divergent. In dimdiofrit and similar species,

like other Oscinella, these bristles are erect and cruciate, and in other genera

I had found that this difference in the ocellar bristles was a remarkably reliable

criterion for the separation of major groups of species. Unfortunately, in the

new species described here as Stenoscinis longidiscalis, the ocellars are minute

and convergent to their tips, though proclinate rather than erect. Otherwise,

the new species has the typical body structure of Stenoscinis and I have accord-

ingly assigned it to that genus rather than place what seems undue emphasis

CHLOROPIDAE 809

upon the single character of the convergence of the ocellars, a character that

appears to vary somewhat within this group.!

In 1936 (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29: 719) I regarded Stenoscinis as a synonym

of Oscinoides Malloch, but this was definitely an error. They are amply distinct.

KEY TO- THE SPECIES .OF..STENOSCINIS

1. Both frontal triangle and mesonotum grey pollinose; discal cell onde cd

apically, unusually long, the penultimate section of the fourth vein 14 times

as long as the ultimate section (Fig. 19) . Se loneidiscalis: new species

Both frontal triangle and mesonotum shining, polished black, not pollinose

except for small. pre-alar and prescutellar spots; discal cell not so extremely

elongate, the penultimate section of the fourth vein much shorter than the

ultimate (elongata complex) . 2

2. Wing hyaline, faintly browned close to the costa between the apices of second

and fourth veins; marginal cell hyaline . 5 . [S. avnos Malloch]

Wing distinctly infuscated along the anterior margin and at the apex; sacle

cell entirely infuscated . 3

3. Submarginal cell entirely infuscated (Fig. 21); front narrow, its length Tis 32 2—I- 44

times the width at the vertex 3 : S: submarginifusca, new species

Submarginal cell infuscated apically and ‘narrowly along the costa; front

proportionately broader, its length 1-05~1-25 times the width ak the vertex

S. elongata (Becker)

Stenoscinis longidiscalis, new species

Of typical Stenosconis habitus, though the ocellars are minute and almost

indiscernible, and distinguished from all known African species of the family

by the peculiar wing venation (lig. 19).

Male, female.—Head black, including the bristles, antenna, and palpus,

only the face and anterior margin of the front paler, dull brown; front dull,

its width at the vertex nearly twice the width of an eye and only slightly less

than half the width of the head, the front 1-18 times longer than broad; frontal

triangle subshining in appearance but actually thinly grey pollinose, moderately

large, nearly as wide as the front basally, but only 0-7 times as long as the

front; eye with sparse microscopic pubescence, large, the cheek linear and

inconscipuous; occiput strongly developed below, in profile its diameter one-

third the horizontal diameter of an eye; face slightly carinate above, flat and

narrowed below, in the male conspicuously so, the eyes separated by a distance

only 0-3 times the width of the front at the vertex, compared with 0-67 times

in the female; median plate of the clypeus grey pollinose; antenna large,

the third segment slightly broader than long, rounded apically; arista dis-

tinctly pubescent; only the outer vertical bristles evident and these relatively

short and weak; postverticals and ocellars minute and almost indiscernible,

proclinate, appearing convergent in most specimens; 2 pairs of short,

1 Though not pertinent to the African fauna, it may be recorded here that Sfenoscinis

atviceps (Loew) of North America is a similar case, for it has cruciate ocellars but is otherwise

a typical Stenoscinis.

8ro RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

stout, spinelike bristles on the middle of the occiput, just above the occipital

foramen.

Thorax black, the mesonotum (except for a narrow anterior band including

the humeri), scutellum, the large metanotum, metapleuron, and upper fourth

of the mesopleuron, heavily bright grey pollinose, the rest of the pleuron highly

polished and shining; mesonotum slender, 1-3 times as long as broad, sparsely

haired, only the median and the two dorsocentral rows of piliferous punctures

distinct, the intervals between them bare except for an occasional isolated

hair; scutellum of short conical outline, broader at the base than long, tapering

abruptly to a narrow rounded apex, the disk highly convex and with only 2

pairs of long, pale discal hairs; 3 pairs of bristles strong, black and well

developed, including I posterior notopleural, 1 supra-alar, and I apical scutellar,

all other bristles (or hairs standing in the position normally occupied by bristles)

weak and pale; notopleurals actually 2+2, but only the lower posterior one

is developed.

Abdomen unusually elongate and slender, narrower and longer than the

thorax, dark brown, subshining because only finely pollinose, the hairs long

and pale.

Legs slender and elongate, predominantly yellow, including all coxae,

marked with black on the mid- and hind legs on the distal two-fifths to one-half

of each femur and distal three-fourths of each tibia, and all tarsi at least on

the upper side; fore femur with an elongate black spot posterodorsally just

before the knee, sometimes so faint that the fore legs appear entirely yellow

compared with the strongly patterned mid- and hind legs; elongate oval

“sensory area’’ on the hind tibia.

Wing hyaline, faintly brown tinted, elongate and slender, the anal area

greatly reduced; wing venation as in Fig. 19, the long discal cell being a unique

feature. Haltere long and slender, pale lemon yellow.

Length, 3°5-4:0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 8 paratypes (6 g, 2 2), Mt. Sabinio, 8000 ft.,

Kigezi District, UGANDA, xi.1934 (Edwards). Paratypes in the U.S. National

Museum.

Stenoscinis spp. (elongata complex)

The proper interpretation of the several forms involved here is not clear

from the relatively few specimens which I have seen, including the holotypes

of the described species. I cannot be sure whether this is a Rassenkreis, and

the component parts deserve racial designations, or whether it is a wide-ranging

species with rather strongly marked colour forms. Because of the reasonable

doubt, the names are not synonymised, but are retained until such time as

adequate material will make possible a more definite conclusion.

CHLOROPIDAE SII

The forms involved here do not have an entirely shining black thorax, as

stated by their authors, but actually have a round prescutellar area, the

scutellum, metanotum, metapleuron, and a spot before the base of the wing

(notopleuron and upper corner of the mesopleuron) grey pollinose, though the

greater portion of the thorax is highly polished and black and that is the

predominant impression. The legs are predominantly yellow, typically with

the distal two-fifths of the hind femur, distal three-fourths of the hind tibia,

and all tarsi except for the bases of the fore and mid-tarsi, black, the colour

somewhat variable in extent, perhaps due to the varying condition of the

specimens. The haltere is pale yellow, the palpus deep yellow to orange, and

the large antenna entirely black. The shining, polished black frontal triangle

is large and conspicuous, occupying nearly the entire front, for the apex extends

to the anterior margin of the front and the sides are convex. The ocellar bristles

are short and fine, and rather difficult to see, but they are definitely proclinate

and divergent. The venation is that shown in Fig. 21 of S. submarginifusca,

the discal cell long but not approaching the extreme condition of S. longidiscalis

in which the ultimate section of the fifth vein is much shorter than the hind

crossvein.

Length, 2°5-3:0 mm.

Stenoscinis elongata (Becker), new combination

Oscinella elongata Becker, 1910, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 436 (Tanganyika).

Kenya: Mt. Elgon, Kapretwa, 6500 ft., 11.1935, 2 go, 3 2 (Edwards).

Becker called attention to the fact that his type specimen showed infuscation

along the anterior margin and at the apex of the wing. A series from Mt. Elgon

agrees fairly well with this form, though in most of the specimens the area of

infuscation is much darker than Becker indicated, forming a definite marginal

band which includes the entire marginal cell, a narrow band at the apex of

the submarginal cell, and a broader apical portion of the first posterior cell.

In one female, the same area was infuscated, but less strongly, and undoubtedly

Becker had a pale specimen of this sort. The Mt. Elgon specimens also differ

from those described here as submarginifusca in having a broader front, the

length ranging from I-05 to 1-17 times the width at vertex in the three females,

and from I-19 to 1-25 times in the male.

[Stenoscinis arnos Malloch]

Oscinis longipes Lamb, 1918, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 1: 395 (Durban, Natal).

Stenoscinis avnos Malloch (= longipes Lamb, 1918, nec Loew, 1863), 1929, Ann, Mag.

nat. Hist., (10) 4: 249 (S. Rhodesia).

In this form, the wing is almost entirely hyaline, with only a faint browning

as a narrow margin between the apices of the second and fourth longitudinal

S12 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

veins. The marginal cell is completely hyaline. The front is relatively broad,

with length and width approximately subequal.

Besides the holotype, I have seen only one specimen that can be referred

here, a female from Eshowe, Zululand, June 1926 (R. EF. Turner) {British

Museum (Nat. Hist.)}.

Stenoscinis submarginifusca, new species

A member of the elongata complex, agreeing with the general characters of

the complex and with Becker's description of elongata, but distinguished by

the following characters:

Front obviously narrower than in elongata, the length measuring 1-32 times

the width at vertex in the female, and 1-35-1-44 times in the three males;

wing as figured (Fig. 21), the marginal infuscation heavy and distinct in the

available material.

Holotype, male, and 2 male paratypes, Masaka, UGANDA, 13.xi.1934

(Edwards) ; allotype, Kampala, UGANDA, 12.xi1.1934 (Edwards). One paratype

in the U.S. National Museum.

The allotype bears a handwritten label, ‘‘wing held stretched straight out

(like on Pall. muliebris)”’, referring to a species of Palloptera.

Gaurax Loew

Loew, 1863, Berl. ent. Ztschr. 7: 35. Type, G. festivus Loew (monobasic).

Botanobia Lioy, 1864, Atti Ist. Veneto, (3) 9: 1125. Type, Oscinis dubia Macquart.

New synonym.

European authors have consistently misinterpreted the conception of

Gaurax, which was based on G. festivus of North America. European specimens

of Botanobia determined by Duda show that the two are one and the same

thing. The compressed head sometimes cited as a generic character seems

usually to result from the drying of a slightly teneral individual, and hence 1s

particularly noticed in bred specimens, which are often killed before they have

fully hardened. Duda’s conception of festtvus as having an elongate conical

scutellum was an error, and led to his use of Gaurax for venustus Czerny, a

species which probably belongs in Pseudogaurax Malloch.

The status of Loew’s name was discussed by Sabrosky (1945, Proc. Zool.

Soc. London, 114, Pt. IV: 457-459), who pointed out that most of the species

described as Gaurvax in the Neotropical and Ethiopian regions really belong to

Pseudogaurax Malloch. Two exceptions noted there are G. insulicola Bezzi

(1926) from the island of Rodriguez and G. seychellensis Lamb (1912) from the

Seychelles, the former an aberrant type that is neither Gawrax nor Pseudogaurax,

the latter possibly a true Gawrax. The former is placed in the present paper in

a new genus (cf. Camptoscinella).

CHLOROPIDAE 813

In the material from Uganda, another species (here described as Gaurax

africanus) was found that is even more closely related to the true Gaurax,

agreeing with it in the densely pubescent eye, large and subreniform third

antennal segment, long pubescent to short plumose arista, face narrowed below,

mouthparts small and weak, ocellar and postvertical bristles erect and cruciate,

scutellum extremely short and apically rounded, mesopleuron not hairy, wing

short and broad, both second and third longitudinal veins curving forward, and

“sensory area’’ present on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia.

It may reasonably be doubted that the species is a true Gaurax, for, in the

genotype, the notopleural bristles are 1-+-1 and the marginal cell is unusually

broad, whereas in Gaurax africanus the notopleurals are 1+2 and the breadth

of the marginal cell is not as striking. However, in American species other

than the genotype there are some intermediates with respect to these characters,

and I am accordingly inclined to refer africanus to Gaurax because of its general

resemblance to the group. In the form of the antenna it certainly resembles

the genotype. If these characters are misinterpreted and the species placed in

Oscinella, the contrasting combination of black thorax and yellow scutellum

will enable it to be easily recognised.

Gaurax africanus, new species

Distinctively patterned, a shining black species with yellow scutellum,

antenna and legs, and black haltere and palpus.

Male, female.—Head black, except for the white lower half of the face and

the yellow basal segments and basal half of the third segment of the antenna;

frontal triangle glabrous, polished, large and conspicuous, occupying almost

the entire front, its base nearly as broad as the front at the vertex and its apex

attaining the anterior margin of the front; front slightly wider than long, as

7:6, the width at vertex nearly twice that of an eye and one-half the width

of the head; eye large, occupying nearly the entire head as seen in profile, the

cheek linear; face concave, distinctly narrowed below the antennae; second

antennal segment broadly expanded distally, the third segment large, sub-

reniform, the lower portion somewhat larger than the upper; bristles and hairs

black, the latter relatively long.

Thorax black except for the bright yellow scutellum, the mesonotum convex,

highly polished, without pollen; mesonotal and discal scutellar hairs long and

conspicuous; scutellum short and broadly rounded, barely over 0-6 times as

long as its basal width, the disk convex; notopleural bristles I-+-2, scutellars

I apical and 2 subapical, the apical bristles 1-25 times as long as the scutellum

and moderately well separated basally. Abdomen black, shining, though with

some fine sparse pollen.

S14 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Legs slender, yellow, including the coxae, with a suggestion of brown colour

at the base of the fore tibia, and narrowly near the apex of mid-femur and

base of mid-tibia, on either side of the knee.

Wing hyaline, veins light brown; second and third veins curving forward

rather strongly at the apex, the fourth vein straight and the third and fourth

veins thus strongly diverging; length of second to fourth costal sectors as

27:17:18; discal cell narrow, the fore crossvein approximately midway. Haltere

with black knob and yellow stalk.

Length, 1-25 mm.

Holotype, female, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.1.1935 (Edwards). Allotype

and 2 paratypes (g, 2), same data. One paratype in the U.S. National

Museum.

The new species is superficially similar to Gaurax seychellensts in having

a black mesonotum contrasted with yellow scutellum, and the same type of

antenna. The species from the Seychelles is easily distinguished, however, by

having both the mesonotum and the frontal triangle grey pollinose, the pleuron

yellow with several shining brown spots, and the triangle short, extending only

half the length of the front.

Oscinella Becker

Becker, 1909, Bul. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 15: 120. Type, O. deficiens Becker (monobasic).

Payroscinella Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 164. Type, Oscinella acuticornis

Becker (by designation of Sabrosky, 1941). New synonym.

For convenience, since it is impossible at this time to review the species of

several faunal regions to determine the true relation of the groups of species

of Oscinella sens. lat., the species are recorded in the generic concepts used by

Duda in his monographs of the Chloropidae of various regions (Oscinella sens.

stvict., Contoscinella, and Tropidoscinis). I am not entirely in sympathy with

the arrangement, and I suspect strongly that a study of the genotype will

reveal some changes in usage, if the names are to be used in either a generic

or a subgeneric sense. Some older names, such as Dasyopa Malloch (1918), will

also have to be considered. Whatever the validity of Duda’s concepts, they

are a convenient means of preliminary division of the large number of species

in Oscinella, in the broad sense.

No key to the entire genus is given here, for there is a large number of

described species not represented in the present material. A short key is given

to a group of species with broadened first basal cell, a group that was at first

set apart as a new genus. It does not seem to be homogeneous, however, and

I have concluded that it is not a natural association of related species. Certain

characteristics distinguish these species from other Oscinella, however, and for

convenience they are grouped at the end of the genus. Some or all of the

species may deserve recognition as a subgenus, or even as a genus, but, in view

CHLOROPIDAE 815

of the apparently diverse relationships of the species known to me, I do not

_ wish to so recognise them until a comprehensive study can be completed for

all the related genera.

Oscinella frit (L.) var..

UGanpba: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 10,100 ft., xi1.1934-1.1935,

I 2 (Jackson).

The specimen so nearly resembles the European Oscinella frit, especially in

the distinctive, large frontal triangle with dull pollinose ocellar tubercle, that

in the absence of a long series for comparative study I am listing it merely as

a variety of that species. It represents a definite Palaearctic element in the

fauna. The African species, O. dinudiofrit Becker, is superficially similar, but

its linear cheek, narrower front, and shining black ocellar tubercle separate it

from O. frit.

Besides the known occurrence of typical fr7t in Northern Africa, Becker in

his several papers on the Ethiopian fauna recorded the species or its varieties

pusilla and fumipennis from Kenya, Tanganyika, and Ethiopia. Some of these

records probably apply to species that only superficially resemble frzt, such as

dimidiofrit, but some of them probably refer to the same species as the specimen

recorded above, a species which resembles the European /r7t so closely that the

leading European student of the family so identified it.

Oscinella nutans Becker

Oscinella nutans Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 163 (Ethiopia).

UGANDA: Budongo Forest, 7.11.1935, I g, 1 @ (Edwards).

The two specimens are only in moderately good condition, but they appear

to be O. nutans. The species is one of the smallest of its group, barely I mm.

in length. Both frontal triangle and mesonotum are shining and polished black,

the palpus is black, the third antennal segment is black except narrowly at

the base below, the cheek is linear, and the frontal triangle is large, nearly

reaching the anterior margin of the front. The above specimens differ from

Becker’s description in having a brown median band on the hind tibia, but this

may have been pale and unnoticed by Becker.

Oscinella sp., near nutans

Ucanba: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xii.1934—1.1935,

Ig (Edwards).

One specimen, in poor condition, may represent a new species near O. nutans,

but with yellowish legs, the paleness of the latter possibly exaggerated by

their condition.

816 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Oscinella dimidiofrit, Becker

Oscinella dimidiofvit Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 162 (Ethiopia).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., x11.1934-1.1935,

I g, 1 2 (Edwards); Ruwenzori, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., same date and

collector, I ¢.

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft., x.1934, 1 2 (Ford).

This species has a somewhat reduced anal area of the wing, as well as

extremely slender legs and abdomen, especially in the male, and the resulting

habitus might easily cause it to be referred to Stenoscinis. It has erect and

cruciate ocellar bristles, however, and I accordingly continue to place it in

Oscinella. The large frontal triangle will suggest Oscznella frit, for those who

are familiar with that common and widespread Holarctic species.

Oscinella dimidiofrit belongs to the group of species which have the frontal

triangle smooth and polished and the mesonotum pollinose. The head, including

the palpus and antenna, and the body are entirely black; haltere large and

lemon-yellow ; all coxae and femora, and usually the hind tibia centrally, black,

the rest of the legs yellow; frontal triangle large, its base as broad as the front

and its apex reaching the anterior margin of the front; cheek linear; third

antennal segment suborbicular, rounded apically.

It is my impression that the Ruwenzori specimens have slightiy more

elongate legs than the southern specimens that I have seen. Perhaps long

series in excellent condition from both regions would show subspecific or specific

distinctions, but for the present I can only record the impression. The Kenya

specimen recorded above is probably the same as the others, though it is a bit

larger and the fore and hind legs are blacker.

Oscinella mesopleuralis, new species

Near dimidiofrit, but with legs black and mesopleuron entirely polished

black.

Male, female.—Black, only the knob of the haltere lemon-yellow, and the

basal segments of the mid- and hind tarsi sometimes light brown.

Front twice the width of an eye and half the width of the head; ocellar

tubercle rough but shining and not pollinose; frontal triangle smooth, highly

polished black, the base almost as broad as the front and the apex reaching

the anterior margin of the front; eye pubescent; cheek narrow but not linear,

in the females one-eighth the height of an eye and slightly over one-third the

breadth of the third antennal segment, narrower in the males, the cheek crossed

by a diagonal ridge from the posterior angle of the eye to the vibrissal angle,

shining below the ridge, dull above; third antennal segment subquadrate,

approximately as long as broad, the distal angles rounded; arista pubescent.

CHLOROPIDAE S17

Mesonotum slender and not as stocky as in O. frit, 1-15 times as long as

broad; mesonotum, scutellum and metapleuron subshining but sparsely covered

with brown pollen, the rest of the pleuron and the metanotum polished black ;

no pollen in the upper corner of the mesopleuron, and apparently little or none

on the humerus and the anterior slope of the notum; mesonotal hairs fine and

inconspicuous, with 3 rows between the dorsocentral lines; scutellum of

the typical Oscznella type, short and broad, apically rounded, convex on the

disk, and with 1 pair of strong and widely spaced apical and 1 pair of weak

and hairlike subapical scutellar bristles; notopleurals 1-+-2. Abdomen shining

black, not pollinose.

Legs slender, the hind tibia with a distinct “sensory area’’ on the postero-

dorsal surface.

Wing clear, veins brown, venation regular for Oscinella; length of second

to fourth costal sectors as 28:16:8; third and fourth veins subparallel, at least

distally; fore crossvein about opposite the middle of the discal cell.

Length, 1-5 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and g paratypes (7 g, 2 Y), Butandiga, 7000 ft.,

Mt. Elgon, Uganda, 5.viii.1934, ““sweeping short grass’ (Ford) ; 1 paratype (&),

between Butandiga and Bulambuli, 8000 ft., Mt. Elgon, Uganda, 7.viil.1934

(Ford); 1 paratype (3), Lake Mutanda, 6000 ft., Kigezi Province, S.W.

Uganda, xi.1934 (Ford); I paratype (g), Mt. Kinangop, gooo ft., Aberdare

Range, Kenya, 1.x1.1934 (Edwards) ; 1 paratype (2), same locality as preceding,

8500 ft., x.1934 (Edwards). [Also I paratype (9), Nairobi, Kenya, 111.1935

(van Someren), received from the Imperial Institute of Entomology.| Paratypes

in the U.S. National Museum.

This species is similar to O. dimudiofrit, but the black legs and the entirely

polished mesopleuron will distinguish it easily. The broad, shining cheek is

also a useful criterion in the female sex, but in the males the cheek tends to be

narrower and the shining lower portion is consequently not as evident.

Oscinella sp., near mesopleuralis

Ucanpba: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., xi1.1934-1.1935,

I 5 (Gibbins).

A lone specimen may belong to a different species than any of the foregoing,

but I shall not describe it without supporting evidence. It is close to meso-

pleuralis, being all black except for the haltere, and having shining ocellar

tubercle and triangle and entirely shining and polished mesopleuron. The

notum is very thinly pollinose between the dorsocentral lines, and the supra-alar

areas in particular are shining and bare of pollen. The hairs are undisturbed

and the appearance cannot be due to being rubbed. Possibly the specimen is

818 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

an atypical mesopceuralis, and I mention it here only to call attention to the .

possible existence of another form, for which one would need a good series in

almost perfect condition to be sure.

Oscinella ruwenzorica, new species

Male, female.-—As described for mesopleuralis, except as follows: frontal

triangle predominantly shining black, but the ocellar tubercle dark pollinose,

the pollen sometimes extended anterolaterally on to the surface of the triangle

and in extreme cases (about one-third of the specimens available) extended to

the sides of the triangle to form an inverted-Y pattern of pollen on the triangle ;

triangle slightly smaller than in mesopleuralis, though scarcely enough to state

a difference in dimensions; width of the cheek approximately as in mesopleuralis,

but the cheek entirely dull, not shining on the lower portion; mesonotum and

scutellum more densely pollinose than in mesopleuralis; upper third to half of

the mesopleuron pollinose; metanotum narrowly pollinose on the median line.

Length, 1-5-2°0 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 7 paratypes (6 3, 1 2), Bulambuli, 9500 ft.,

Mt. Elgon, Uganda, 8.viii.1934, ‘“‘on Lobelia aberdarica”’ (Ford); 1 paratype

($), same data, but “‘on living leaves of Senecio’’; 3 paratypes (2 g, I 9),

Mt. Mgahinga, 8000 ft., Kigezi District, Uganda, 20.x1.1934 (Edwards); 1

paratype (2), Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, 12,000-13,000 ft.

(Buxton); I paratype (2), Nyeri Track, 10,500~-11,000. ft., Aberdare Range,

Kenya, 28.x.1934 (ford); 12 paratypes (8 3g, 4 2), Mt. Kinangop, 8000-g000

ft., Aberdare Range, Kenya, 27.x—1.x1.1934 (ford, Edwards) (seven of the twelve

taken at gooo ft.). Paratypes in the U.S. National Museum.

Like mesopleuralis, the above species is close to dimidiofrit, differmg from

the latter in the black legs and the pollinose ocellar tubercle. The pollen on

the tubercle (sometimes extending on to the triangle) and on the upper portion

of the mesopleuron will distinguish this species from mesopleuralis. The two

are exceedingly close, and specimens that are not in good condition may be

difficult to determine with assurance.

Oscinella laurelae, new species

Near O. dimidiofrit, but the legs yellow with black bands on the apical

halves of the mid- and hind femora.

Male, female.—Black, only the haltere and the legs, including all coxae,

bright yellow, with black bands occupying the distal third to half of the mid-

and hind femora, sometimes the fore femur slightly browned in the same

position, and the distal tarsal segments brown.

Front at the vertex nearly twice the width of an eye and half the width of

the head, the breadth slightly greater than the length; frontal triangle large,

CHLOROPIDAE 819g

occupying nearly the entire front, the base nearly as broad as the front and the

apex at the anterior margin of the front; eye microscopically pubescent ; cheek

linear; third antennal segment apically rounded; arista pubescent.

Mesonotum and scutellum thinly grey pollinose, the pleuron and metanotum

polished black. Abdomen rather slender, shining to subshining.

Legs slender, not noticeably elongate, the colouration as indicated above.

Wing relatively slender, the anal area greatly reduced and the appearance

like that of the wing of many species of Stenoscinis; second vein anteriorly

concave, the third and fourth veins usually converging slightly on the distal

fourth of the wing, and the submarginal cell appearing notably broader than

usual; third costal sector decidedly longer than usual, the length of second to

fourth costal sectors as 18:22:4:5; discal cell short, the ultimate section of the

fifth vein twice as long as the penultimate section of the fourth.

Length, 1:25-1°5 mm.

Holotype, female, and 4 paratypes (2), Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.11.1935

(Edwards); I paratype (g), 6500 ft., Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,

Uganda, xii.1934-1.1935 (Edwards). [Also 3 paratypes (¢, 2 2), Umbilo, Durban,

Natal, July 12 and 26 and October 5, (g), 1914 (L. Bevis), received from

the Imperial Institute of Entomology.| Paratypes in the U.S. National Museum.

A damaged specimen from Tshibinda, Belgian Congo, viii.1g31 (Miss A.

Mackie) {Imper. Inst. Ent.] apparently belongs here also.

The species is affectionately dedicated to my wife.

Oscinella sp., near laurelae

Kenya: Aberdare Range, Mt. Kinangop, 13,000 ft., “‘ Senecio brassicaeformis

or Senecio aberdarica’, 28.x.1934, I g (Ford).

This specimen is very close to O. laurelae, with the same distinctive colour

pattern of the legs, but the coxae are black, the legs are somewhat elongated,

the second costal sector of the wing is distinctly longer than the third sector,

as 33:21, and the body length is 2 mm. It is quite probable that this is a new

species from high altitudes, but further material would be desirable for proper

description.

Oscinella mesotibialis, new species

A species with polished black frontal triangle, pollinose ocellar tubercle and

mesonotum, and legs black except for yellow middle tibia.

Female.—Black to black-brown, only the haltere, anterior fourth of the

front, and the middle tibia, yellow.

Front broad, appearing subquadrate but actually nearly 1-2 times as broad

as long, the breadth at vertex two and one-third times as wide as an eye and

slightly over half the width of the head; frontal triangle of medium size,

$20 RUWENZORI-EXPEDITION

three-fourths as long as the front, the base three-fourths the width of the front ~

at the vertex, the sides slightly convex, the surface smooth and polished, but the

ocellar tubercle pollinose; eye distinctly though microscopically pubescent ;

cheek of moderate width, one-fifth the height of an eye and two-thirds the

breadth of the third antennal segment; the erect and cruciate ocellars and post-

verticals, and the outer verticals, well developed, inner verticals weak and hair-

like; 4 long fronto-orbital hairs on each side, plus some shorter hairs anteriorly.

Mesonotum, scutellum, and upper half of the pleuron chiefly, grey pollinose,

the rest of the pleuron bare and highly polished; metanotum pollinose centrally ;

mesonotal hairs fine and not very dense, about 3 rows between the dorso-

central lines; scutellum as usual in Oscinella, short and apically rounded, only

o-6 times as long as broad at base, with 1 pair of strong, widely separated

apical and 1 pair of weak, hairlike subapical scutellar bristles; notopleural

bristles 1-+-2. Abdomen subshining, only thinly pollinose.

Legs slender, with the usual “sensory area”’ on the hind tibia posterodorsally,

the only unusual feature being the yellow middle tibia with all the rest of the

legs black or black-brown.

Wing slightly browned, venation much as usual in Oscinella; length of ,

second to fourth costal sectors as 17:17:6; third vein nearly straight, diverging

slightly from the fourth vein throughout its length; fore crossvein slightly

distad of the middle of the discal cell; outer crossvein slightly oblique, the lower

distal angle of the discal cell an acute angle; anal area of the wing well developed.

Length, 1-5 mm.

Holotype, female, 6000 ft., Lake Mutanda, Kigezi Province, 5.W. Uganda,

xi.1934 (Ford). Paratype, female, 8000 ft., between Butandiga and Bulambuli,

Mt. Elgon, Uganda, 7.vili.1934 (Ford).

The distinctive colour pattern of the legs offers a ready means of recognising

this species from its African congenera. The black palpus and entirely black

antenna will bring it in most keys to O. frit and its relatives, but the short

frontal triangle and yellow anterior fourth of the front distinguish it easily from

any of those species. It is probably close to O. peregrina Becker (1912, Ann.

Mus. nat. Hung. 10: 247) from Ethiopia, but there are several differences from

the description of that species. Oscinella polita (Adams), described from

Southern Rhodesia, is also similar, but has a larger frontal triangle and a

polished ocellar tubercle.

Oscinella sp., near bistriata (Lamb)

UGanbA: Ruwenzori Range, Fort Portal, 4.x11.1934, I 3 (Edwards) ; Budongo

Forest, 7.11.1935, 2 ¢ (Edwards).

This species resembles O. bistriata (Lamb), described from Kenya, but the

cheek is much narrower, only one-twelfth the eye height. The knob. of the

CHLOROPIDAE 821

haltere is brown, another feature that is not found in many species. The

mesonotum is conspicuously hairy, and there are 2-++-2 notopleural bristles. It

is apparently undescribed, but it would be desirable to have material in good

condition for full description. Of the three specimens, one is teneral and

collapsed, and the other two are somewhat damaged.

Oscinella splendida, new species

Male.—Head with the occiput, ocellar tubercle, the front except anteriorly,

the extreme sides of the frontal triangle, and the arista black, the rest of the

head yellow; frontal triangle large, occupying most of the front and extending

to the anterior margin of the front, appearing strongly shining, but with sparse

pale pollen visible under high magnification; front relatively broad, its width

at the vertex a trifle greater than its length, nearly twice the width of an eye

and one-half the width of the head; eye large and protruding, occupying most

of the head as seen in profile, densely pubescent; cheek narrow, only one-eighth

the height of an eye and not 0-3 times the breadth of the third antennal seg-

ment; antenna short, the third segment not quite three-fourths as long as broad,

proportionately larger than usual, and subquadrate in outline rather than

suborbicular; arista distinctly pubescent; ocellar and postvertical bristles erect

and cruciate; 6 pairs of long fronto-orbital hairs.

Thorax with the entire pleuron, lower half of the humerus, and the scutellum

yellow, the mesonotum with a pattern of 3 broad stripes and 2 supra-alar

vittulae, which are dark reddish on the disk but black anteriorly and above

the wing base; metanotum polished black ; thorax shining, without pollen except

on the notopleuron and the prescutellar slope, and there only with sparse, pale,

microscopic pollen like that on the triangle; mesonotal hairs erect, the piliferous

punctures fine and scarcely noticeable; scutellum shorter than broad at base,

broadly rounded apically, the disk convex and haired like the mesonotum;

notopleural bristles 2-2, the upper anterior bristle weaker than the others;

1 pair of long apical and 2 pairs of rather long subapical scutellar bristles.

Legs slender, predominantly yellow, including all coxae and femora; all

tibiae, except narrowly at the base, and fore tarsus entirely black; mid- and

hind tarsi with distal segment or two brown to blackish; hind tibia with a large

“sensory area’’ on the posterodorsal surface.

Wing clear, brown tinted, veins brown; second and third veins gently

curving towards the costa, the fourth straight and the third and fourth thus

shghtly diverging from their bases; length of second to fourth costal sectors as

46:32:18; fore crossvein opposite the middle of the discal cell. Haltere yellow.

Length, 1-5 mm.

Holotype, male, Budongo Forest, Uganda, 7.11.1935 (Edwards).

The combination of pollinose frontal triangle (even though sparsely so) and

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

shining, non-pollinose mesonotum is rare, and will distinguish this species from

all others known in the African fauna. If the triangle were interpreted as

shining and glabrous, the species would be near O. solida Becker, which, however,

was described as having black-brown pleuron, bare arista, and cheek equal to

the breadth of the third antennal segment.

If one emphasises the feature of pollen on the frontal triangle this species

will pass to Tvopidoscimis. I do not believe its affinities are with that group,

and for the present I have retained it in the genus Oscinella,

Oscinella spp. with broadened first basal cell

A group of small black species intermediate between Siphunculina and

Oscinella, resembling typical Oscinella in general habitus, but differing in the

wing venation (Fig. 20), notably in the broadened first basal cell and the

elongated discal cell, bare or only minutely pubescent eye, I-+-1 notopleural

bristles (the posterior bristle on a higher plane than the anterior, noticeably

farther from the notopleural suture), and inner vertical bristles as strongly

developed as the outer verticals. The possible subgeneric or generic status of

this group is noted in the general discussion under Oscinella.

The species appear to be quite different from S7phunculina because of the

latter’s extremely short second vein, second costal sector much shorter than

the third sector, I-++2 notopleural bristles, a more or less well-developed facial

carina (which is often strong and distinctly separates the bases of the antennae),

and angular scutellum. Nevertheless, when one compares directly such species

as Stphunculina fumicola (Meiere), the eye fly of the Oriental Region, and

Oscinella Aharon Duda of the Sudan and Palestine, one gets a very definite

feeling of relationship. It is perhaps of more than passing significance that

both of these species have the same habit of congregating inside houses in huge

numbers. Other species in this “‘group’’, such as O. argyrobasis, are not at all

like Siphunculina, but rather resemble such species of Oscinella as dimidiofrit.

Besides one new species, 4 described species may be referred here:

Oscinella Aharonit Duda (= Oscints pallipes Lamb), Oscinella imperfecta Becker,

Oscinis halterata Lamb, and Oscinella Sziladyi Duda.

KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF OSCINELLA WITH BROADENED

FIRST BASAL CELL

1. Haltere yellow . : ; : : 5 : : : : : 2 2

Haltere black . F ‘5 é 0 3

2. Mesonotum pollinose; hairs and bristles black (Sudan to Iraq)

[O. Ahavonw (Duda) (= Oscinis pallipes Lamb, preoccupied)]}

Mesonotum shining, not Tapa ate hairs and bristles yey to whitish-yellow

(Kenya) ; Oscinella sp.

3. Legs almost entirely black, only the trochanters and narrow bases of the tibiae

yellow (Uganda) . . O. avgyrobasis, new species

Legs partly yellow, the fore coxae and femora chiefly so : 5 . : 4

CHLOROPIDAE 823

4. Three species come to this point in the key, and apparently they are closely

related. I assume from the widely separated areas represented that the

European form is probably distinct from the others, and. past experience

indicates that the insular forms found in the Seychelles are quite often

distinct from the South African. Careful comparison of material from all

three regions will be necessary to establish any specific differences

[O. halterata (Lamb) (Seychelles) |

[O. imperfecta Becker (S. Africa) |

[O. Szilddyi Duda (Bulgaria) ]

[Oscinella imperfecta Becker]

Oscinella imperfecta Becker, 1913, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 11: 163 (Ethiopia).

I have seen the type of 7mperfecta in Budapest, and have notes and photo-

graphs, as well as 2 specimens before me from East London, Cape Province,

February 22, 1925 (H. kK. Munro) [Munro Colln.|. Becker’s description of the

fly as “‘shining black” gives an erroneous impression, for although it is sub-

shining, the mesonotum, scutellum, and upper half of the pleuron are actually

grey pollinose. The antenna, face and cheek are yellow, with silvery pollen,

but the palpus is black. The fore coxa, and all femora except for preapical

brown spots, are yellow, but the tibiae and tarsi are brown. The Cape Province

specimens have at least the basal third to half of all tibiae covered with bright

silvery pollen, which is plainly visible at certain angles of reflection, and while

I did not note this feature in the type itself, the general agreement otherwise

has led me to determine them accordingly.

The wing venation is like that figured for the new species, O. argyrobasis

(Fig. 21), except the third and fourth veins are more strongly divergent.

[Oscinella halterata (Lamb) ]

Oscinis haltevata Lamb, 1912, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) 15: 343 (Seychelles).

My notes on Lamb’s type are incomplete, but I believe that it belongs in

the same group with imperfecta. Here again, the original description reads

“entirely shining black’’, but a careful inspection of the type revealed that the

mesonotum, scutellum, and the upper half of the pleuron are actually finely

brown pollinose. The legs have considerable areas of yellow, and seem to be

intermediate between imperfecta and argyrobasis. I have no material from the

Seychelles for more detailed analysis.

[Oscinella Aharonii Duda]

Oscinella Szilddyi var. Ahavonii Duda, 1933, im Lindner’s Fliegen Palaeark. Region,

Lfg. 68, p. 95 (Palestine).

Oscinis pallipes Lamb, 1923, Lancashire and Cheshire Naturalist 15: 1o1 (Khartoum,

Sudan). Preoccupied by Oscinis pallipes Loew, 1863, Berl. ent. Ztschr, 7: 37.

Oscinella ahavonit Duda(= Oscinis pallipes Lamb), Sabrosky, 1949, Bull. ent. Res. 40: 61-2.

I have found from past collections submitted to me for determination that

pallipes Lamb is very common in the Sudan. Recently, specimens collected

II, 7 (2)

824 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

in [Iraq and. in the Punjab [|Comm. Inst. Ent.] proved to be the same species.

From the description, Iam certain that Ahavoni Duda, described from Palestine,

is also the same (new synonymy). Since pallipes Lamb is preoccupied, I have

adopted Duda’s name for the species. It was originally described as a variety

of Sztlddyi, differing in the colour of the haltere and other points, but I believe

that it will prove to be a distinct species. In my experience, the colour of the

haltere is a specific difference rather than a varietal.

[Oscinella sp.]

One specimen collected on an Imperial Airways plane from Nairobi to

Kisumi, Kenya, 3.iv.1936 (H. Wilkinson) [Imper. Inst. Ent.] resembles Aharonit

in having a yellow haltere, but the mesonotum is shining and not pollinose,

and the hairs and bristles are yellow to whitish-yellow. Unfortunately, the

specimen is not in good condition, and it is mentioned here only to call attention

to the existence of yet another African species of the group.

[Oscinella Sziladyi Duda]

Oscinella Szilddyi Duda, 1933, 7 Lindner’s Fliegen Palaeark. Region, Lfg. 68, p. 95

(Bulgaria).

I am certain from the description that Szi/ddyi belongs in this group, though

no material has been examined. According to Duda, the first basal cell is

strongly broadened, the haltere is black, the frontal triangle is shining and

polished black, and the mesonotum and upper half of the pleuron are finely

pollinose. Duda’s “‘variety’’ Aharonii is here considered a distinct species.

Oscinella argyrobasis, new species

Near O. imperfecta Becker, but the legs almost entirely black.

Fremale.—Black, only the trochanters obscurely, and the bases of the tibiae

narrowly, yellow.

Front broad, at the vertex 2-4 times the width of an eye and over half the

width of the head; frontal triangle large, its base two-thirds the width of the

front and its apex reaching the anterior margin of the front, the surface polished

black, ocellar tubercle pollinose; cheek narrow, only one-eleventh the height

of an eye and one-fifth the breadth of the third antennal segment ; third antennal

segment rounded; arista microscopically pubescent, appearing almost bare

under low magnification; cruciate postverticals and the proclinate and parallel

ocellars short and hairlike, only the two pairs of verticals bristle-like; fronto-

orbitals a row of fine hairs, about six in number.

CHLOROPIDAE 825

Mesonotum, scutellum, and metapleuron subshining, sparsely brown polli-

nose; upper half of the pleuron grey pollinose, the rest of the pleuron, and the

metanotum centrally, smooth and polished; scutellum like Osc7nella, short and

broadly rounded, with convex disk; mesonotal hairs fine and dark, indistinct,

sparse, with 3 rows between the dorsocentral lines; humeral bristle weak,

but the 1-+1 notopleural, postalar and posterior dorsocentral bristles strong;

I pair of strong, widely spaced apical and 1 pair of weak subapical scutellar

bristles. Abdomen like the thorax, but very thinly pollinose and hence some-

what more shining.

Legs moderately slender; narrow elongate “‘sensory area’’ on the postero-

dorsal surface of the hind tibiae ; basal third of the mid- and hind tibiae (possibly

also of the fore tibia, but one is missing and the other greasy) with bright silvery

pollen that is especially noticeable at certain angles.

Wing hyaline, veins brown, membrane slightly brown tinted; venation as

. figured (ig. 20), the broadened first basal cell and the elongated and distally

broadened discal cell especially noteworthy.

Length, 2 mm.

Holotype, female, 6500 ft., Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda,

X11.1934-1.1935 (Edwards).

Conioscinella Duda

Duda, 1929, Konowia 8: 166, 169. Type, Oscinella soluta Becker (by designation of

Sabrosky, 1941).

Conioscinella aptera, new species

A typical Conioscinella with densely bright grey pollinose frontal triangle

and notum, but lacking wings and halteres.

Female.—Head yellow, only the heavily grey pollinose occiput and frontal

triangle, the median plate of the clypeus, proboscis, upper apical half of the

third antennal segment, and arista, black; front broad, twice as wide as an eye

and half the width of the head, its width nearly equal to its length; triangle

small, only half the length of the front, its width at base barely over half the

width of the front; eye relatively small, thickly but microscopically pubescent ;

cheek broad, nearly one-third the height of the eye and 0-7 times the breadth

of the third antennal segment; face equal in breadth to the front, median carina

distinct; vibrissal angle not produced, approximately a go-degree angle; pro-

boscis short and fleshy; third antennal segment short, slightly broader than

long; arista microscopically pubescent; bristles minute, appearing absent under

low magnification; ocellars and postverticals erect and convergent.

Thorax black, densely grey pollinose, only the propleuron and the anterior

and posterior slopes of the sternopleuron bare and polished; mesonotum and

scutellum unusually short and broad, the former 1-6 times and the latter

826 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

3 times as broad as long, sparsely covered with piliferous punctures; mesonotal

hairs minute, black; thoracic bristles, like those of the head, minute and

appearing absent under low magnification.

Abdomen relatively large, twice the length of the thorax, brown in ground

colour and densely grey pollinose like the thorax; first two segments partially

fused, but together only one-third the length of the abdomen, and not equal

to the combined length of third and fourth segments.

Legs grey pollinose, predominantly brown-black, the fore coxa, knees, ends

of the tibiae broadly, and the bases of the tarsi, yellowish; elongate oval

“sensory area’’ present on the hind tibia posterodorsally.

Wing atrophied, only a short, narrow stub present beyond the epaulet and

subepaulet. Haltere absent.

Length, 1-25-1°5 mm.

Holotype, female, above 12,000 ft., Mt. Elgon, Kenya, 11.1935, ‘“‘on Lobelia

telechit”’ (Edwards), Paratype, female, heath zone, 10,500—-11,500 ft., Mt. Elgon,

Kenya, 11.1935 (Edwards).

Except for the atrophied wings and halteres, this species is a typical

Contoscinella, resembling such species as C. albipalpis (Meigen) of Europe. The

short thorax and minute bristles are modifications that are often concomitant

with atrophy of the alar appendages. The characters given in the generic key

will distinguish C. aptera from the known species of Alombus Becker. See the

discussion under the latter name for further remarks.

Tropidoscinis Enderlein

Enderlein, 1911, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1911: 226. Type, T. Luderwaldti

Enderlein (by original designation).

Tropidoscinis namwambae, new species

Male, female.—Entirely black, except for the lemon-yellow knob of the

haltere.

Front 2:2 ($)—2:8 (2) times the width of an eye and 0-56-0-6 times the width

of the head; frontal triangle large, its base almost as broad as the front and

the blunt apex reaching the anterior margin of the front, the triangle subshining

but fineiy dark pollinose except for a small polished spot on each side of the

ocellar tubercle; interfrontal rows of hairs set on the extreme edges of the

triangle; eye densely short pubescent; cheek width one-sixth the height of an

eye and only half the breadth of the third antennal segment; vibrissal angle

rounded, slightly obtuse; face deeply concave, shghtly narrowed below the

antennae; oral opening small, the proboscis short and fleshy; third antennal

segment suborbicular; arista pubescent; the erect and cruciate ocellars and

postverticals, and the outer verticals, long and distinct, inner verticals weak;

4 pairs of fronto-orbital hairs.

CHLOROPIDAE 827

Mesonotum, scutellum, upper half of the pleuron chiefly, and abdomen,

subshining but finely dark pollinose, the rest of the pleuron and the metanotum

smooth and polished; mesonotal hairs fine, dark, and scarcely distinguishable,

not dense, with a total of 3 rows between the dorsocentral lines; scutellum

short and rounded, only o-7 times as long as broad:at base, the disk convex;

notopleural bristles 1 +-2; scutellars 1 long apical and I weak subapical. Abdomen

narrowly elongate, resembling Stenoscinis.

Legs slender and slightly elongate, also reminiscent of Sfenoscinis ; ‘sensory

area’’ on the posterodorsal surface of the hind tibia narrow, sublinear.

Wing clear, veins brown, the venation regular for Oscinella (cf. Duda, 1933,

im Lindner’s Fliegen Palaeark. Region, Lfg. 72, pl. 2, fig. 11); length of second

to fourth costal sectors as 31:22:9; third and fourth veins slightly diverging

from the base, but the third vein curving posteriorly and the distal halves of

the two veins parallel; fore crossvein nearly midway of the discal cell; first

basal cell not broadened; hind crossvein far from the margin of the wing, the

ultimate section of the fifth vein one and two-thirds times the length of the

penultimate section of the fourth vein.

Length, 2-0-2:25 mm.

Holotype, male, allotype, and 8 paratypes (6 g, 2 2), Namwamba Valley,

11,000 ft., Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, xii.1934-1.1935 (Gibbins); 1 paratype

(2), same data (Edwards). Paratypes in the U.S. National Museum.

Tropidoscims namwambae, like some other species of the high Ruwenzori

Range, shows a distinct Palaearctic affinity. At first glance, to anyone at all

familiar with small flies, it will immediately call to mind the common frit fly,

Oscinella frit (L.). It is quite similar to Tropidoscinis Ziircheri Duda, from

which it differs in larger size, entirely black legs, and first basal cell not at

all broadened.

In the Ethiopian fauna, the only known species near namwambae is Oscinella

harrart Becker (Tvopidoscinis ?), but the latter has huge cheeks which are broader

than the third antennal segment and over one-third the height of an eye.

INDEX TO GENERA

(Names in ?falics are synonyms)

Alombus, 747

Anacamptoneurum, 765

Anatrichus, 751

Anomoeoceros, 799

Aprometopis, 772

Aspistyla, 756

Assuania, 717

Bathyparia, 717

Botanobia, 812

Cadrema, 751

Calamoncosis, 776

Camarota, 720

Camptoscinella, 806

Celyphomima, 752

CHLOROPINAE, key, 715

Chlovopisca, 733

Chlorops, 738

Chromatopterum, 730

Conioscinella, $25

Cyrvtomoniyia, subgenus, 781

Dactylothyrea, 756

Dicraeus, 806

Diplotoxa, 716

Disciphus, 797

Echimba, 777

Elachiptera, 781

Elachiptereicus, 720

Elaphaspis, 756

Epicelyphus, 752

Epimadiza, 767

Eurina, 715

FEutropha, 716

Gaurax, 812

Gontopsita, 769

Haplegis, 715

Heteroscinis, 765

Hippelates, 751

Homops, 732

Lagaroceras, 717

Lasiopleura, 764

Lasiosina, 738

828

PRESENTED

Leucochaeta, 747

Liomicroneurum, 773

Lonchonotus, subgenus, 756

Macrostyla, 756

Macrothovax, 766

Madiza, 746

Melanochaeta, subgenus, 781

Mepachymerus, 723

Meromyza, 717

Meroscinis, 756

Metopostigma, 716

Microneurum, 773

Mimosepsis, 748

Neoelachipteva, 781

Ops, 732

Opsiceras, 720

Oscinella, 814

OSCINELLINAE, key, 743

Oxyapium, 806

Pachylophus, 717

Parectecephala, 741

Paroscinella, 814

Phyladelphus, 716

Platycephala, 715

Polyodaspis, 766

Prohippelates, 751

Pselaphia, 805

Pseudogaurax, 797

Psilacrum, 744

Rhodesiella, 756

Scolhophthalmus, 754

Semaranga, 722 ;

Siphlus, 734

Siphonella, 746

Siphunculina, 773

Steleocerus, 723

Stenoscinis, 808

Syphonerina, 777

Thaumatomyia, 733

Tricimba, 777

Tropidoscinis, 826