A Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells
edited by P. C. Sylvester-Bra^g^andDavid J. Siveter
the Department of Geology
niversity of Leicester, England
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
Contributions illustrated by scanning electron micrographs of Ostracoda in stereo-pairs
are invited. Full instructions may be obtained on request from the Editors. Format should
follow the style set by the majority of papers in this issue. The Editors should be
consulted for advice before figures for plates are mounted. Descriptive matter apart from
illustrations should be cut to a minimum; preferably each plate should be accompanied by
one page of text only.
Department of Geology, The University, Leicester.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The publication of this first volume of the Stereo-Atlas has been made possible by the
generous financial help of the British Petroleum Company Limited and Shell International
Petroleum Company Limited.
STEREO-VIEWING FOR USERS OF THE ATLAS
In order to gain maximum information and benefit from the use of the Stereo-Atlas it is
essential that the user view the micrographs stereoscopically. Small pocket-sized stereo-
viewers are most suitable for this purpose; two suppliers of such viewers are given below.
C. F. Casella & Co. Ltd., Regent House, Britannia Walk, London, N1 7ND.
Pocket stereoscope, model T15010 (£1.00 each; excluding packing and carriage).
Air Photo Supply Corp., 158, South Station, Yonkers, New York 10705.
Pocket stereoscope, model PS-2 ($8.65 each; excluding postage and handling).
The scanning electron microscope in the Department of Geology of the University of
Leicester was supplied by the Natural Environment Research Council under the terms of
Grant No. GR/3/95 for the purpose of micropalaeontological research.
Plates printed by Broadwater Press Limited, Welwyn Garden City, Herts., England.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, l:iii Binding and Pagination
The Atlas is designed to be bound and stored in any one of three ways:
(a) in parts as issued;
(b) in loose-leaf binders, which will be made available with the publication
of Vol. 1, Part 4;
(c) or with each leaf cut up into cards; each leaf is therefore ruled to
facilitate trimming to any ,one of the three standard record-card sizes
whose outlines are ruled on every leaf: A5 (210 mm x 148 mm); 8 x 5 in ;
and 200 x 125 mm. Each card is numbered as a separate page, two pages
to a leaf.
With the exception of the introductory article on "The New Palaeontography , " all the
contents are therefore printed on one side only, each page being numbered separately. Each
page bears its number immediately following the name of the serial at the left of the top
line; the number consists of three parts, the volume number, the article number, and the
page number. Page numbers will run serially throughout the volume, and the sequence will
normally run from the top half of the left leaf to the top half of the right leaf,
followed by the bottom half of the left leaf and the bottom half of the right leaf. This
sequence will not, however, apply to articles which are not illustrated (e.g. No. 2 of
this volume on the U. D. Classification).
Each volume will be indexed in the normal way, but those subscribers who cut the
leaves up into cards will no doubt arrange them according to their convenience. The U. D.
classification (which appears on the left of the second line of the first page of each
paper, and which is explained in Vol. 1, No. 2) is intended to facilitate such arrangements.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, l:iv Abbreviations
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:1: 1-4 (1973)
56.07.001.7:57.087
The New Palaeontography (1 of 4)
THE NEW PALAEONTOGRAPHY
by P.C. Sylvester-Bradley
(University of Leicester , England)
1. The Rejuvenation of an Ancient Discipline
Palaeontography has always been a part of palaeontology. As a term, it is
used to denote the description of fossils as distinct from their interpretation.
In practice, it has always included enough interpretation to lead to the nomen-
clature and classification of the fossils described, but no more. Palae-
ontography is not concerned with theories of evolution, with palaeogeographical
reconstruction, with palaeoecological conclusions, or with stratigraphical
correlation, although it frequently deals with ontogenetic, taxonomic, geo-
graphical or chronological variation.
An understanding of materials must precede their interpretation. Palae-
ontography is therefore the oldest part of palaeontology, and it might be
thought that there is little that such an old discipline can supply to the
present ferment of new ideas in the earth sciences. Three things have
happened however which bid fair to rejuvenate this most senior branch of
geology. The first has been a revolution in the techniques of illustration.
The second is the result of the exponential increase in the volume of
scientific literature. The third has grown from the power of the computer to
assist statistical interpretation.
2. Techniques of Illustration
The first revolution that affected palaeontographical illustration arose
from the invention of photography. The photograph provided an almost objective
method of presenting information. In contrast and as a supplement, diagrams
and sketches could be used as interpretative media. Surprisingly, the
application of photographic techniques to various groups of fossils has
proceeded most unevenly. In general, the smaller the fossil, the more
difficult the problem of producing a three dimensional photograph. The prin-
ciples of stereophotography were discovered very soon after the invention of
photography itself, but their application to palaeontological material has
been slow despite the large increase in amount of information that the method
provides. The main problems in photographing small fossils arise from
specular reflection and depth of focus. Coating the specimens to be photo-
graphed with fine-grained substances such as ammonium chloride, magnesium
oxide, or silver, has been common practice for many years as a method of
overcoming specular reflection, but the coating itself inevitably produces
artifacts and hides detail. Depth of focus presents a greater problem, for
though it can be increased indefinitely by reducing the aperture of the lens,
this is at the expense of resolution. With specimens under the size of about
1mm the problem becomes acute, and an exact compromise must be sought between
the depth of focus and resolution (triebel, 1947). Consequently, the micro-
photography of fossils has for long been a very skilled operation, and most of
the work published has for long been of a standard far below that of the best
practitioners. In some groups of fossils (notably the Conodonts) few photographs
have ever been published which reproduce the amount of detail that can be made
out under the microscope.
The second revolution, that overcame both the problems of specular
reflection and depth of focus, came with scanning electron microscopy. It is
now evident that even the best work of the best microphotographers fails to
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:1:2
The New Palaeontography (2 of 4>
reveal a great part of the information that the SEM makes available. Moreover,
stereopairs and oblique close-ups make three dimensional representations
particularly easy to obtain on the scanning electron microscope (sylvester-
BRADLEY, 1971). „ , , , . ,
The third revolutionary technique to affect palaeontography has been the
application of stereo X-radiography to fossil material. Advances have been
equally impressive with macroscopic material (zangerl, 1965; stuermer, 19 )
and with the projection X-ray microscope (be, jongebloed and McIntyre, 1969).
The combination of SEM and PXM has revealed a wealth of new and fascinating
detail in all the groups of microfossils to which it has been applied. It is
this new information which has brought palaeontography up-to-date, and which
has posed questions which have never been posed before.
3. Palaeontographical Publication
Some publications have been exclusively palaeontographical. Indeed, the
Palaeontographical Society was founded with the sole purpose of publishing
descriptions of British fossils. But such exclusiveness has been rare. More
normally, the systematic description of fossils has been accompanied by a
section devoted to interpretative palaeontology. During the years, this
practice has led to the rather unfortunate result of mixing two kinds of
palaeontological information in such a way that the presence of the one
hinders the retrieval of the other. Most readers are in fact searching a
palaeontological paper either for its systematic contents or for its
exposition of theory. Only a minority are looking for both things at the
same time. Martinsson (1969) has advocated an effort to separate what he
calls the "nomothetic” expression of ideas from "idiographic" palaeontography.
The savage increase in volume of scientific publication that has character-
ised all fields of enquiry during the last few years has emphasised the need
to re-think the purposes and methods of palaeontological publication, for pure
palaeontography is best presented through quite different publishing media than
that required for the elaboration of palaeontological theory. Palaeontography
must rely increasingly on high quality illustration. Although the invention o
a specialised jargon for the description of each fossil group has certain
advantages it has made the description of most fossils unintelligible to any-
body who has not first mastered the highly specialised aild.^0t®ri^-?;^n?^g^n
of the taxon in question. In contrast, the combination of illustration and an
internationally agreed nomenclature breaks every language barrier. Zoological
nomenclature id l wealth of illustration is perhaps the most ^those
all languages. The retrieval needs of taxonomy are also very different to those
of theoretical palaeontology. In palaeontography we need to group *?ge^!!L Seal
according to a limited variety of parameters - taxonomic, geological, geographical,
°r Most°palaeontographical publication is at present sponsor* ft institutes or
societies. In order to make their publications economically viable, they usually
fix a periodical subscription, and try to include in their contents a wide g
of interests in the hope of attracting as large a reading public as P°sy“e-
The result of this system is that the specialist palaeontologist
subscribe to a journal which publishes papers on his speciality must purcha
with the papers that interest him a great deal of irrelevant matter. Most
palaeontologists pay subscriptions to journals the majority of which they do
not read. Surely this makes poor economic sense. It is proper that l^ra
should not limit their taxonomic coverage, but for the individual speci
it would be much better if he could just purchase the “ *
format of the old-style monograph is cumbersome and lacks S at
better publish on cards of a standard size that can be sorted and arranged at
the whim of the reader. Each taxon should be lavishly illustrated using the
best three dimensional representation available and printed m high quality
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, .1:1:3
The New Palaeontography (3 of 4)
collotype or lithography. Each taxon described should be offered for sale as
an individual item, each species separately.
Maybe the economics of such a system will prove to be quite unrealistic,
but if it can be made to work, it will provide a far better scientific tool
than our present antiquated, over-loaded system.
4. Computerised Statistics
The description and quantification of variation is an essential but
difficult aspect of palaeontography. Statistical methods have long been
devised which allow the computation of confidence limits based on small
samples. The application of the methods of numerical taxonomy (sokal and
sneath, 1963) to palaeontography (kaesler, 1967, 1969, 1970) has formalised
a technique for applying computerised power to problems of classification.
The computer can also be used to correlate other facets of palaeontography—
geological, ecological and geographical — and can provide a substantial aid to
retrieval.
If pal aeonto graphic data is to be made available for computerised treat-
ment, it needs to be expressed in numerical terms. Biometric tables suitable
for numerical taxonomy can be constructed if techniques of measurement can
be devised which can deal with samples of a sufficient size, but it must be
admitted that these techniques are still in their infancy. Even more
difficult is the expression of the other facets in numerical terms. So far
as I know, the only systems which have been widely applied have been those
designed to aid retrieval of geological bibliographic data, and these are
employing the Universal Decimal Classification to translate the geological,
geographical and ecological facets into numerical terms (sylvester-bradley,
1973) .
Although, then, the computerisation of palaeontography is still in its
experimental stage, there seems little doubt that it will become increasingly
important in the years ahead (see, for example, hay, 1971 and hughes, 1971).
5. A Venture in Palaeontography
The stereo-atlas of ostracod shells has been designed as a publishing
venture to test the validity of some of the views put forward in this
article. It is not likely that it will succeed in all that it sets out to do.
But so urgent has the need become that it seems important that some attempt
should be made to experiment with the new ideas.
REFERENCES
BE, A. W. H. , JONGEBLOED, W. L. and McINTYRE, A., 1969. X-ray microscopy of recent
planktonic Foraminifera. J. Paleont. 43, 1384-1396.
HAY, W. W. , 1971. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Information Transfer in Systematic
Micropaleontology; in: Scanning Electron Microscopy , Systematic and Evolutionary
Applications (Syst. Ass., Sp. Vol. 4) ed. V. H. HEYWOOD, Academic Press, London,
pp. 123-143.
HUGHES, N. F., 1971. Remedy of the General Data Handling Failure of Paleontology; in:
Data Processing in Biology and Geology (Syst. Ass., Sp. Vol. 3) ed. J. L. CUTBILL,
pp. 321-330.
KAESLER, R. L. , 1967. Numerical taxonomy in Invertebrate Paleontology. Kansas Univ.
Geol. Dept., Sp. Publ. 2, 63-81.
KAESLER, R. L. , 1969. Numerical taxonomy of selected Recent British Ostracoda; in:
The taxonomy, morphology and ecology of Recent Ostracoda , ed. J. W. Neale, Oliver
& Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 21-47.
KAESLER, R. L. 1970. Numerical Taxonomy in Paleontology: Classification, Ordination and
Reconstruction of Phylogenies. Proc. North. Amer. Paleont. Convention, 57-71.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:1:4
The New Pal aeon tography (4 of 4)
MARTINSSON, A., 1969. Publishing in the geological sciences. Lethaia , 2, 73-86.
SOKAL, R. R. and SNEATH, P. H. A., 1963. Principles of Numerical Taxonomy,
W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 359 pp.
STUERMER, W. , 1970. Soft Parts of Cephalopods and Trilobites: Some Surprising
Results of X-ray Examinations of Devonian Slates. Science, 170, 1300-1302.
SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, P. C. , 1971. The Reaction of Systematics to the Revolution in
Micropalaeontology; in: Scanning Electron Microscopy , Systematic and
Evolutionary Applications (Syst. Ass. Sp. Vol . 4), ed. V. H. HEYWOOD,
Academic Press, London, pp. 95-111.
SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, P. C. , 1973. Universal Decimal Classification and retrieval
of taxonomic data. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1:2:5-22.
TRIEBEL, E. , 1947. Methodische und technische Fragen der Mikrop&laontologie ,
Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft , Frankfurt-am-Main, 47 pp.
ZANGERL, R. , 1965. Radiographic Techniques, in: Handbook of Paleontological
Techniques, ed. B. KUMMEL, and D. RAUP, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco,
pp. 305-320.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:5-22 (1973) U ,D. Classification (1 of 18)
025.45:55/56:592/599
UNIVERSAL DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
AND . RETRIEVAL OF TAXONOMIC DATA
by P.C. Sylvester-Bradley
(University of Leicester } England)
The Stereo-Atlas of Ostraeod Shells is aiming to present taxonomic and palae-
ontological data in the most concise and most easily retrievable format possible.
If the data are to be retrievable by computers, they need to be expressed in
numerical form, and the most practicable classification scheme would seem to be
that provided by the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) (British Standards
Institution, 1963). This scheme has been used in part, for example, by the
American Geological Institute's "data bank" and by "Geosystems" in their attempt
to devise a retrieval system for the whole of the earth sciences.
Though parts of the UDC classification can be used as they stand, other parts
are completely unworkable either owing to initial misconceptions of the compiler,
or owing to lack of revision during the years that have passed since the
classification was first devised. Unfortunately the taxonomic classification of
the Ostracoda is one such area.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:6 U ^.Classification (2 of 18)
The mechanism for accepting proposals for revision must necessarily, in an
international system, be complex and time consuming. The only viable way of using
UDC in this Atlas is to adopt where necessary proposed revisions although these
have not yet been formally accepted by the Federation Internationale de Documentation .
The appended schedules A-D therefore set out the scheme as it will be used in the
At las .
The classification adopted will be set out in the second line of the top left
hand comer of the title page in each paper.
(a) The first set of figures will denote the taxonomic position of the species
as indicated in Schedule A. The first five digits specify in UDC terms the Ostra-
coda. The remaining digits indicate the taxonomic position within the Ostracoda as
as proposed in Schedule A. All taxonomic classifications are of course subject to
revision and are in that sense controversial. The classification in this schedule
is intended for retrieval. It is more important to have one that is generally
available than one that is up to date. Accordingly it has been taken direct from
the Treatise (MOORE, 1961, pp. Q99-100) without revision.
(b) The second term is placed in round brackets (parentheses) and indicates the
geological horizon as shown in Schedule B.
(c) The third term is also placed in round brackets and indicates the geo-
graphical location as listed in Schedule C.
(d) The fourth term indicates the ecological situation or lithological type as
appropriate. It is preceded by a colon (:) and may include a portion in round
brackets indicating depth. If both ecological situation and lithological type are
indicated the terms are connected with a plus (+) sign.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:7 U .D. Classification (3 of 18)
Thus in the paper on Keijella hodgii (Vol. 1, No. 9) the full UD classification reads:
595.337.14 (118.21/118.22) (560:161.036.36+454.4:161.012.43): 551.351+552.513
(a) First term: 595.337.14 (see Schedule A) indicates:
"Ostracoda, Podocopida, Cytheracea"
(b) Second term: (118.21/118.22) (see Schedule B) indicates:
"Miocene, Pliocene"
(c) Third term: (560:161.036.36 + 454.4:161.012.43) (see Schedule C) indicates:
"Turkey (Asia) at 036°E, 36°N and San Marino at 012 °E, 43°N"
(d) Fourth term: 551.351 + 552.513 (see Schedule D) indicates:
"Shallow marine, sandstone"
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Mr. G. A. Lloyd of FID has been kind enough to read through proofs of this paper,
and has made helpful suggestions.
REFERENCES
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, 1963. Guide to the Universal Decimal Classification
(UDC) . 128 pp.
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR DOCUMENTATION, 1968. Extensions and Corrections to the
UDC. Ser. 6, No. 6.
MOORE, R. C., (ed) 1961. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology Part Q. Arthropoda
3. Crustacea. Ostracoda. Geol. Soc. Amer., Univ. Kansas Press, 442 pp.
O' CALLAGHAN, T. C. , 1969. The role of UDC in mechanized information retrieval with
special reference to the American Geological Institute's total bibliographic
data bank. Geosci. Document. 1, 156-159.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:8 U .D. Classification (4 of 18)
SCHEDULE A (Taxonomic Position)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:9 U .D. Classification (5 of 18)
SCHEDULE B (Geological Horizon)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:10
U .D. Classification (6 of 18)
(113.63)
(115.3)
(115.4)
(116)
(116.1)
(116.11)
(116.12)
SCHEDULE B (Geological Horizon) Continued
Upper Permian:
Guadalupian
Ochoan
Kungurian
Kazanian
Tatarian
Zechstein
Permo-Triassic :
New Red Sandstone
Karoo :
Gondwana
Mesozoic
Triassic
Lower Triassic:
Scythian
Werfenian
Bunter
Middle Triassic:
Anisian
Ladinian
Virglorian
Muschelkalk
(116.13)
(116.14)
(116.2)
(116.21)
(116.211)
(116.212)
(116.213)
(116.22)
(116.221)
Upper Triassic:
Cam i an
Norian
Keuper
Upper Triassic:
Rhaetic
Jurassic
Lower Jurassic:
Liassic
Lower Liassic:
Hettangian
Sinemurian
Middle Liassic:
Pliensbachian
Carixian
Dome ri an
Upper Liassic:
Toarcian
Whitbian
Yeovilian
Middle Jurassic
Aalenian
U .£>. Classification (7 of 18)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:11
SCHEDULE B (Geological Horizon) Continued
(116.222)
(116.223)
(116.23)
(116.231)
(116.233)
(116.3)
(116.31)
(116.311)
(116.312)
Bajocian:
Bathonian
Callovian
Upper Jurassic
Oxfordian
Kimmeridgian :
Portlandian
Purbeckian
Volgian
Tithonian
Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous :
Coman chean
Wealden:
Berriasian
Valanginian:
Hauterivian
Barremian
Trinity
Fredericksburg
Aptian
Lower Greensand
(116.313)
(116.33)
(116.331)
(116.332)
(116.333)
(116.333.1)
(116.333.3)
Alb i an:
Gault
Upper Greensand
Washita
Upper Cretaceous :
Chalk
Gulf
Cenomanian:
Lower Chalk
Dakota
Turonian :
Middle Chalk
Colorado
Senonian :
Upper Chalk
Austin
Taylor
Navarro
Coniacian
Santonian:
Campanian
Maestrichtian
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:12
U.D. Classification (8 of 18)
SCHEDULE B (Geological Horizon) Continued
Cuisian
Wasatchian
Wilcox
Lutetian:
Auversian
Claiborne
(118.212)
(118.213)
Burdigalian
Helvetian
Tortonian:
Sarmatian
Sahelian
Pontian
Meotian
(118.142)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:13 U ^.Classification (9 of 18}
SCHEDULE B (Geological Horizon) Continued
Pacific
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:14 U.D. Classification (10 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(a) Oceans and Seas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:15 U .D. Classification (11 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:16 U .D .Classification (12 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:17 U .D. Classification (13 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:18 U .D. Classification (14 of 18)
SCHEDULE C » (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:19 V .D. Classification (15 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:20 U.D. Classification (16 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
(95) New Guinea (969) Hawaii
(96) Polynesia (988) Greenland
(965) Micronesia (99) Antarctic
[If greater subdivision of land areas than given in
this Schedule is found useful in specific cases , it will
be adopted from the official lists published by UDC]
(c) Longitude and Latitude
[Used in conjunction with sea or land areas in sections (a) and (b) above]
All places are first classified under 4 quadrants:
(161) North, and between long. 0° and 180° E of Greenwich
(162) North, and between long. 0° and 180° W of Greenwich
(163) South, and between long. 0° and 180° E of Greenwich
(164) South, and between long. 0° and 180° W of Greenwich
Each quadrant is then subdivided into 1° grid squares, indicated by five digits as follows:
(16X. YYY.ZZ) , where X = the quadrant,
YYY = degrees of longitude of western boundary of grid,
and ZZ = degrees of latitude of southern boundary of grid.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:21
U .D. Classification (17 of 18)
SCHEDULE C (Geographic Location) Continued
(b) Land Areas continued
Examples:
(161.007.49) 1° grid delineated by 8°E, 49°N (Karlsruhe) at
8°27 'E, 49°2'N.
(163.042.18) 1° grid delineated by 42°E, 18°S (Indian Ocean,
Mozambique Channel) at 42°05'E, 17°55'S.
[If further subdivision is necessary it will follow the
official UDC schedules (FID publ . no. 248/6:6, Sept., 1968)]
SCHEDULE D (Ecological situation or Lithological Facies)
: 551. 31
: 551 . 312
: 551. 312.1
: 551. 312. 2
: 551. 312. 3
: 551.312.4
:551. 313.1
: 551.313.2
: 551.314
: 551.35
: 551.35 (26.01)
(26.03)
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Springs . Tufa
Bogs. Marshes. Peat
Fluviatile. Rivers
Lacustrine. Lakes, ponds
Brackish water
Estuarine
Supersaline
Marine
Planktonic
Benthonic
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:2:22
U .D. Classification (18 of 18)
SCHEDULE D (Ecological situation or Lithological
Facies) Continued
[Combinations of these indications will be used thus:
: 551. 353 (26.03:24.08.3535)
"Marine, abyssal , benthonic, at depth of 3535 metres"]
Stereo Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:3:23-30 (1973) Bythoceratina scaberrima (1 of 8)
595.337.14 (119.9) (267.25:163.043.18): 551.353 (24.08.1360)
ON BYTHOCERATINA SCABERRIMA (BRADY)
by Richard H. Benson
(Smithsonian Institution , Washington 3 D.C.y JJ.S.A.)
Bythoceratina scaberrima (Brady, 1886)
Cytherura scaberrima Brady, Les Fonds de la Mer , vol. 4, p. 198, pi. 14, figs. 10, 11 (1886).
Cythere scaberrima Brady; Brady & Norman, Scient. Trans. R. Dubl . Soc . , ser. 2, vol. 4.
p. 245, with figure unnumbered (1889).
Lectotype: Not yet designated.
Type Localities: Recent, Atlantic Ocean, off west coast of Morocco; Talisman dredging,
7 August 1883 (3535 m depth) and 22 August 1883 (2995 m depth) .
Explanation of Plate 1:3:24
Fig. 1, LV ext. lat. ; fig. 2, LV int. lat.
Scale A (250 ym ; x90) , both figs.
Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:3:25 Bythoceratina scaberrima (3 of 8)
Figured specimens: U. S. N. M. 169420B (LV: Pi. 1:3:24, figs. 1, 2; Pi. 1:3:26, figs. 1, 2),
169420A (RV: Pi. 1:3:28, figs. 1-4), 180506 (RV: Pi. 1:3:30, fig. 1),
180505 (RV: Pi. 1:3:30, fig. 2). The specimen U. S. N. M. 169420A is
broken. All specimens from station IIOE 407D (International Indian Ocean
Expedition), Cruise 8, R/V Anton Bruun, Mozambique Channel. Depth 1360 m;
long. 43°05'E, lat. 17°32'S. Collected by R. H. Benson.
Diagnosis: Spinose and reticulate surface with two ventrolateral spines on each
valve.
Explanation of Plate 1:3:26
Fig. 1, LV dors.; fig. 2, LV vent.
Scale A (250 ym ; x90) , both figs.
Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells ,1 : 3 : 24 Bythoceratina scaberrima (2 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:3:26 Bythoceratina scaberrima (4 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:3:27
Bythoceratina scaberrima (5 of 8)
Explanation of Plate 1:3:28
Fig. 1, RV ext. lat. ; fig. 2, RV post.; fig. 3, RV ext. lat. , median sulcus; fig. 4, RV
ext. lat., misshapen spines in median sulcus.
Scale A (500 ym ; x90) , figs. 1, 2; scale B (100 ym ; xi80) , fig. 3; scale C (10 ym ; x850) ,
fig. 4.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:3:29 Bythoceratina scaberrima (7 of 8)
Explanation of Plate 1:3:30
Fig. 1, RV int. lat.; fig. 2, RV ext. ant. vent. obi.
Scale A (500 ym ; x80) , fig. 1; fig. 2 approx, same mag.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 3 : 30
Bythoceratina scaberrima (8 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 3 : 28
Bythoceratina scaberrima (6 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:4:31-34 (1973) Chrysocythere cataphracta (1 of 4)
595.337.14 (118.213) (457.8:161.016.38): 551.35(26.03)
ON CHRYSOCYTHERE CATAPHRACTA RUGGIERI
by P.C. Sylvester-Bradley and G. Ruggieri
(University of Leicester , England and University of Palermo 3 Italy)
Genus CHRYSOCYTHERE Ruggieri, 1962
Type-species (original designation): C. cataphracta Ruggieri, 1962
Chrysocythere cataphracta Ruggieri, 1962
Chrysocythere cataphracta Ruggieri, Palaeontogr . ital. vol. 56, mem. 2, pp. 26-28,
pi. 2, figs. 11-13 (1962).
Holotype: Ruggieri coll. SI. 1312.
Type Locality: Middle Miocene (Tortonian) from near Enna (GR 10161) , Sicily.
Explanation of Plate 1:4:32
Fig. 1, LV ext. lat.; fig. 2, LV ext. lat. , region of eye tubercle, showing fenestrate
muri .
Scale A (500 ym ; xgo), fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; *210), fig* 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:4:33 Chrysocythere cataphracta (3 of 4)
Figured speciimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) io 5540 (LV: PI. 1:4:32, figs. 1, 2; pi. 1:4:34,
fig. 2) and IO 5541 (RV: Pi. 1:4:34, figs. 1, 3). Both from Middle
Miocene (Tortonian) of Benestare, (approx. 16°10'E, 38°10'N), Calabria,
Italy; collected by G. Ruggieri.
Explanation of Plate 1:4:34
Fig. 1, RV ext. lat.; fig. 2, LV int. lat., dors.; fig. 3, RV int. lat., dors., to show
hinge.
Scale A (500 ym ; xgo) , all figs.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:4:32 Chrysocy there cataphracta (2 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:4:34 Chrysocy there cataphracta (4 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:5:35-40 (1973)
595.337.14 (118.14) (611:262.1/2): 551.35
Loculicytheretta cavernosa (1 of 6)
ON LOCULI CYTHERETTA (HEPTALOCULITES) CAVERNOSA (APOSTOLESCU AND MAGNE)
by H. J. Oertli
(S. N. P. A. Centre de Reeherohes } 64001 PaUj France)
Loculicytheretta (Heiptaloculites ) cavernosa (Apostolescu and Magne, 1956)
Loxoconcha ? cavernosa Apostolescu & Magne, Cah. geol. Thoiry , vol. 34, p. 340f, pi. 1,
figs. 7-9 [Females], (1956).
Holotype: Institut franc^ais du Pe'trole, No. L. Alg./A-20 [I am very much indebted
to Dr. N. Grekoff for having sent me type materials for comparison] .
Type locality: Djebel Rherour (21 km SE Saint-Donat) , Algeria.
Coord.: x = 811,85; y = 304,62
Upper Lutetian
Explanation of Plate 1:5:36
Fig. 1, 2 LV, int. lat.; fig. 2, $ RV, int. lat.; fig. 3, 2 car., rt. lat. ; fig. 4,
2 car.. It. lat.; fig/ 5, 2 car.. It. lat.; fig. 6, 2 car. (same as fig. 4), It. vent,
lat. obi.
Scale A (1 mm ; x70) , figs. 1-3; scale B (1 mm ; *60) , figs. 4, 5; scale C (1 mm ; x50) ,
fig. 6.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:5:37 Loculicytheretta cavernosa (3 of 6)
Figured specimens: Centre de Recherches SNPA, Pau, Nos. STER 22/II/4 (Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 5),
22/II/5 (PI. 1:5:38, fig. 1), 22/II/8 (Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 4), 23/1/3
(Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 7), 23/III/3 (Pi. 1:5:36, fig. 1), 23/III/4 (Pi. 1:5:38,
fig. 6), 23/III/5, (Pi. 1:5:36, fig. 2), 24/1/1 (Pi. 1:5:36, figs. 4, 6),
24/1/2 (PI. 1:5:36, fig. 5), 24/1/4 (Pi. 1:5:36, fig. 3), 24/II/1
(PI. 1:5:38, fig. 3), 24/II/3, (Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 2), and OC 3001
(Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 9). The specimen reproduced Pi. 1:5:38, fig. 8 has
been lost.
All from Eocene sediments, drillings off Tunisia.
Diagnosis: Species relatively large for the genus, with six distinct loculi and
smooth or (posteriorly) weakly-ornamented surface (compare Pi. 1:5:36,
figs. 4, 5); posterior part relatively high. Length: 22 0.76-0.85 mm ;
Id 0.95-1.05 mm.
Explanation of Plate 1:5:38
Fig. 1, 2 car., vent.; fig. 2, d car.. It. lat.; fig. 3, d car., rt. lat.; fig. 4, 2 car.
dors.; fig. 5, d car., vent.; fig. 6, 2 R.V, int. lat. (post, hinge element); fig. 7,
2 car., It. lat. (notice weak ornamentation in post.); fig. 8, 2 LV, int. lat. (ant.
hinge element); fig. 9, 2 RV, int. lat.
Scale A (1 mm ; x60) , figs. 1-5, 7; scale B (250 ym ; x240) , fig. 6; scale C (250 ym ; x80) ,
fig. 9; scale D (100 ym ; x210) , fig. 8.
A and B
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:5:36
Loculicytheretta cavernosa (2 of 6)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:5:39 Loculicytheretta cavernosa (5 of 6)
Remarks: Ruggieri (1963) erected the genus Heptaloculites for a
relatively large Eocene species which he distinguished from
his genus Loculicytheretta (1954) mainly by the smooth surface
(he could not observe the interior of his specimens) .
The study of Eocene material from drillings off Tunisia yielded
6 different species (3 unnamed) which proved useful for zonations
(see Table below: their stratigraphic interest will be discussed
in a paper to be published later on) . The surface of these species
varies from smooth to slightly and heavily reticulate, i.e. shows
intermediates between smooth and well ornamented. The character of
the hinge and the central muscle field are those of L. (L.) pavonia
(Brady, 1866) (see MORKHOVEN, 1963, p. 130-134), but the marginal
area is different: the Paleogene species have a well developed
vestibulum, and the marginal pore canals are more numerous (about
30 in the anterior part, instead of about 20).
If the general aspect does not justify separating Heptaloculites
from Loculicytheretta , the distinctly different marginal zone is, in
my opinion, of subgeneric value. I therefore propose to consider
Heptaloculites as a subgenus of Loculicytheretta. Loculicytheretta
differs from Basslerites (Loculiconcha) Omatsola, 1970, by the
different configuration of loculi area.
Geographic distribution of Loculicytheretta: Tethys (mainly
Mediterranean area) .
Stratigraphic range: Paleocene to Recent [L. (Heptaloculites) :
Paleocene ? - Eocene, and possibly Lower Oligocene] .
Ecology: Neritic - nearshore.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:5:40 Loculicytheretta cavernosa (6 of 6)
Table of known species of Loculicytheretta
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:6:41-42 (1973)
595.337.14 (118.14) (611:262.1/2): 551.35
Loculicytheretta semirugosa (1 of 2)
ON LOCULICYTHERETTA (HEPTALOCULITES) SEMIRUGOSA (APOSTOLESCU AND MAGNE)
by H. J. Oertli
(> S'. N, P. A. j Centre de RechercheSj 64001 Pccuy France)
Loculicytheretta (Heptaloculites) semirugosa (Apostolescu and Magne, 1956)
Loxoconcha semirugosa Apostolescu & Magne, Cah. gdol. Thoiry , vol. 34, p. 341, pi. 1, figs.
14, 15 [ ?? ] , (1956) .
Loxoconcha polita Apostolescu & Magne, Ibid., p. 341, pi. 1, figs. 12, 13 [ RR ] , (1956).
Holotype : Inst, fran^ais du Petrole, No. L.Alg./A-22. Koudiat el Kerboussa, 7 km
NE Gounod. Coord.: x = 927,400; y = 344,210; Algeria. Upper Lutetian.
Figured specimens: s. N. P. A., Nos. STER 24/m/l (figs. 1-3), 24/III/4 (fig. 5), 24/IV/1
fig. 6), 24/IV/3 (fig. 4), 25/1/2 (fig. 8), 25/1/3 (fig. 9), 25/1/4
fig. 7); all Pi. 1:6:42. All Eocene; drillings off Tunisia.
Diagnosis: Medium-sized to large sp.; 6 loculi; a low post. 2 surface weakly ribbed
and pitted in post, (especially above loculi) ; S' smooth or weakly pitted
in centre. Length: 2? 0.70-0.83 mm ; RR 0.88-0.93 mm.
Remarks: Differs from L. cavernosa (probably its descendant) in size, ornament, a
lower more elongate post., and having a regular, convex venter. "L. pol-
ita" is R of L. semirugosa (cf . shape & size) .
Explanation of Plate 1:6:42
Figs. 1-3, ? car.: fig. 1, It. lat.; fig. 2, It. vent. lat. obi.; fig. 3, It. post. vent,
obi.; fig. 4, R car., It. lat.; fig. 5, ? car., rt. lat.; fig. 6, R car., rt. lat.; fig. 7,
R car., vent.; fig. 8, 2 RV, dors.; fig. 9, $ car., vent.
Scale A (500 ym ; *60) , figs. 1-8; scale B (500 ym ; *70) , fig. 9.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:7:43-44 (1973)
595.337.14 (118.142) (611:262.26): 551.35
Loculicytheretta sp. A (1 of 2)
ON AN UNNAMED SPECIES OF LOCULICYTHERETTA (HEPTALOCULITES)
bv H. J. Oertli
(S. N. P. A. j Centre de Recherches t 64001 Pau ^ France)
Loculicytheretta (Heptaloculites) sp. A
Localities: Wells offshore. Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia; Lutetian.
Figured specimens: s. n. p. a.. Nos. ster 22/ih/I (fig. 5), 22/IU/2 (fig. 4), 22/IV/3
(fig. 8), 22/III/6 (figs. 3, 7), 22/III/7 (figs. 1, 2), 22/III/9
(fig. 6); all Pi. 1:7:44.
Remarks: Medium-sized, elongate species with 4 well developed loculi and smooth
surface. Length: ?? 0.67-0.70 mm ; RR 0.78-0.80 mm. It is easily
distinguished from its nearest relatives with a smooth surface [L. (H. )
cavernosa and L. (H.) gortanii] by the smaller number of loculi and the
elongate shape. Although I have examined several hundred specimens of
this species, for reasons of petroleum exploration it is not possible
to specify locality details; the species is left unnamed.
Explanation of Plate 1:7:44
Figs. 1-3, ? car.: fig. 1, rt. lat.; fig. 2, rt. vent. lat. obi.; fig. 3, It. lat.; fig. 4,
R car., rt. lat.; fig. 5, R car.. It. lat.; fig. 6, 2 LV, int. vent. lat. obi.; fig. 7,
2 car.. It. vent. lat. obi.; fig. 8, 2 car. vent.
Scale A (1 mm ; *60) # all figs.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:6:42 Loculicytheretta semirugosa (2 of 2)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:8:45-52 (1973) Strepula concentrica (1 of 8)
595.336.11 (113.331) (424.5:162.003.52): 551.35 +552.542
ON STREPULA CONCENTRICA JONES AND HOLL
by David J. Siveter
(University of Leicester 3 England)
Genus STREPULA Jones and Holl, 1886
Type-species (subsequent designation by Miller, 1892) :
S. concentrica Jones and Holl, 1886
Strepula concentrica Jones and Holl, 1886
Strepula concentrica sp. nov. T. R. Jones & H. B. Holl, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 5,
vol. 17, p. 404, pi. XIII, fig. 6 (tecnomorph, lectotype) , non fig. 1 (1886).
Strepula irregularis sp. nov. T. R. Jones & H. B. Holl, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 5,
vol. 17, p. 404, pi. XIII, figs. 7 ($, lectotype), 8 (1886).
Strepula concentrica Jones & Holl; A. Martinsson, Bull, geol . Inst. Univ. Uppsala ,
vol. XLI , p. 198, figs. 2 E-F, 89A, 90, 92 A-B (1962).
Explanation of Plate 1:8:46
Figs. 1-4, </ car.: fig. 1, ext. It. lat.; fig. 2, ant. obi. It. lat.; fig. 3, It. lat.
syllobium; fig. 4, crista on It. lat. reticulate syllobium.
Scale A (250 ym ; x75) , fig. 1; scale B (250 ym ; *50) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; *120) ,
fig. 3; scale D (50 ym ; x315) , fig. 4.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:8:47
Strepula concentrica (3 of 8)
Lectotype: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) No. IN 52531 (Smith coll. No. 553).
A tecnomorphic carapace.
Type locality: Wenlock Series, near Woolhope, Herefordshire, England.
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Nos. 10 4755 ( d car.: Pi. 1:8:46,
figs. 1-4; Pi. 1:8:48, figs. 1, 2), and 10 4756 ( ? RV:
Pi. 1:8:50, figs. 1-3; Pi. 1:8:52, figs. 1, 2). Both specimens
are from a thin shale band near the base of the Wenlock Limestone.
Locality: a small, disused quarry on the north side of the A. 458
road, top of Harley Hill, approximately \ mile north-west of Much
Wenlock, England. (National Grid Reference SJ 61010034). Collected
by David Siveter, 1970.
Diagnosis: Strepula sp. having cristae on the syllobium, preadductorial node,
anterior lobe and crumina. All lobes are reticulate. The tecnomorphic
velum shows very faint tubules and is otherwise smooth.
Explanation of Plate 1:8:48
Figs. 1, 2, <f car.: fig. 1, ext. dors.; fig. 2, ext. vent.
Scale A (250 ym ; *75), figs. 1, 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 8 : 46
Strepula concentrica (2 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 8 : 48
Strepula concentrica (4 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:8:49 Strepula concentrica (5 of 8)
Remarks: Martinsson (op. cit., p.25) designated lectotypes for S. concentrica
and S. irregularis and demonstrated that they are conspecific. Weyant
(1965, Bull. Soc. linn. Normandie, vol. 6, pp. 77, 81) erected
Strepula platgloba and S. rouaulti from the Middle Siegenian of
Cotentin, France. From the figures, it seems to me that these two
species and S. concentrica are not congeneric. There appear to be
significant differences in cruminal morphology, lobation and
ornamentation. The type species would then remain the only described
species of Strepula.
S. concentrica occurs in the Silurian inliers of the Welsh border-
lands and West Midlands of England; for example, Dudley, Woolhope and
the Wenlock Edge area. It is known from the top of the Wenlock Shale
(Tickwood Beds) and throughout the Wenlock Limestone.
Explanation of Plate 1:8:50
Figs. 1-3, $ RV: fig. 1, ext. lat. detail of adductorial sulcus and adjacent lobes;
fig. 2, ext. lat.; fig. 3, ext. post.
Scale A (100 ym ; *120) , fig. 1; scale B (250 ym ; x75) , figs. 2, 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:8:51 Strepula concentrica (7 of 8)
Explanation of Plate 1:8:52
Figs. 1, 2, 2 RV : fig. 1, ext. dors, obi.; fig. 2, ext. vent.
Scale A (250 ym ; *75) , fig. 1; scale B (250 ym ; *85) t fig. 2.
Strepula concentrica (8 of 8)
Strepula concentrica (6 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 8 : 50
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells , 1 : 8 : 52
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:9:53-56 (1973) Keijella hodgii (1 of 4)
595.337.14 (118.21/118.22) (560:161.036.36 + 454.4:161.012.43): 551.351 + 552.513
ON KEIJELLA HODGII (BRADY)
by Neriman Doruk
(University of Leicester y England)
Genus KEIJELLA Ruggieri, 1967
Type-species (original designation): Cythere hodgii Brady, 1866
Diagnosis: Like Ruggieria , but without ventral carina, and bearing one or more
external slots, which are internally expressed by oval swellings.
In some species the slots are confined to one valve (usually the rt.).
Terminal hinge elements of Keijella more elongate than in Ruggieria.
Keijella hodgii (Brady, 1866)
Cythere hodgii G. S. Brady, Trans, zool. Soc. Lond.f vol. 5, p. 373, pi. 59, figs. 3a, b,
(1866) .
Ruggieria (Keijella) hodgii (Brady); G. Ruggieri, Riv. ital. Paleont. Stratigr. vol. 73,
no. 1, p. 362, figs. 21-23 (1967).
Explanation of Plate 1:9:54
Fig. 1, d" RV, ext.; fig. 2, ? LV, ext.; fig. 3, ext. view of slot ornamentation; fig. 4,
int. view of slot ornamentation.
Scale A (500 ym ; x70) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x80) , fig. 2; scale C (10 ym ; *2000) /
fig. 3; scale D (10 ym ; xiQOO) r fig. 4.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:9:55 Keijella hodgii (3 of 4)
Holotype: Brady's specimen is apparently lost (K. G. McKenzie, pers. comm.).
Type locality: Sponge sand, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean) ; recent.
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 4763 (RV: Pi. 1:9:54, figs. 1, 3), 10 4764
(LV: PI. 1:9:54, figs. 2, 4; Pi. 1:9:56, fig. 1), 10 4765 (RV: Pi. 1:9:56,
fig. 2) and IO 4766 (RV: Pi. 1:9:56, fig. 3). 10 4763 from road cutting
(base of section), about 1 km SW of Babatorun, Turkey (approx, long.
36°15'E, lat. 36°04'N). 10 4764 and 10 4765 from road section (3 m above
base), 2 km S of Com, Turkey (approx, long. 36°15'E, lat. 36°02'N).
Turkish specimens from Upper Miocene yellow sandstone with foraminifera
and molluscs; presumed shallow marine. 10 4766 coll. G. Ruggieri from San
Marino, Italy (approx, long. 12°26'E, lat. 43°56'N); Upper Tortonian -
Lower Pliocene.
Diagnosis: Pronounced lateroventral spine; 20-30 slots normally present, number of
slot-rows variable (2-8) on both valves. Shape diagnostic.
Remarks: Ruggieri (1967) distinguished Keijella as a subgenus of Ruggieria on the
basis of a narrow vestibule. In my experience, this cannot be used as a
diagnostic character. Dimorphism pronounced, cTcf more elongate than ?? .
Recent: Eastern Mediterranean (BRADY, 1866). Tortonian: Scrivia, Italy
(CAPEDER, 1902); Marecchia, Italy (RUGGIERI, 1967); different localities
of Adana and Antakya regions, Turkey.
Explanation of Plate 1:9:56
Fig. 1, ? LV, int.; fig. 2, ? RV, int.; fig. 3, RV, int. muse. sc.
Scale A (500 ym ; x82) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x90) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x280) ,
fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:9:54
Keijella hodgii (2 of 4)
Keijella hodgii (4 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:9:56
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:10:57-60 (1973) Keijella procera (1 of 4)
595.337.14 (118.213) (560:161.035.37): 551.351+552.542
ON KEIJELLA PROCERA DORUK sp. nov.
by Neriman Doruk
(University of Leicester s England)
Keijella procera sp. nov.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 4767, <f RV.
A road cutting between Adana and Salba§, beside (^akit stream about 5 km
east of Salba§, Turkey. Approx, long. 35°10'E, lat. 37°07'N. Tortonian.
Latin, "slender".
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 4767 (RV: Pi. 1:10:58, fig. 1; Pi. 1:10:60,
fig. 2) and IO 4768 (LV: Pi. 1:10:58, fig. 2; Pi. 1:10:60, figs. 1, 3).
Both from type locality in grey marl with abundant foraminifera and
molluscs, presumed shallow marine. Specimen 10 4768 has been broken
after preparation and photography.
Explanation of Plate 1:10:58
Fig. 1, d" RV, ext.; fig. 2, ? LV, ext.
Scale A (500 ym ; *108), figs. 1, 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:10:59 Keijella procera (3 of 4)
Diagnosis: Elongate with smooth surface and marginal but no lateral spines.
Remarks: Two or three slots developed along venter of rt. valve (normally
missing on It. valve) . Sexual dimorphism slight, males more elongate
than females. Distribution: Tortonian of Adana region, Turkey.
Explanation of Plate 1:10:60
Fig. 1, ? LV, int.; fig. 2, <f RV, int. ; fig. 3, LV, int. muse. sc.
Scale A (500 ym ; *86) , figs. 1, 2; scale B (100 ym ; *280) , fig. 3.
Holotype:
Type locality:
Derivation of name:
Figured specimens:
Keijella procera (2 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:10:58
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:10:60
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:11:61-64 (1973) Keijella clauda (1 of 4)
595.337.14 (18.21) (560:161.034.37): 551.351 + 552.542
ON KEIJELLA CLAUDA DORUK sp. nov.
by Neriman Doruk
( University of Leicester England)
Keijella clauda sp. nov.
Holotype: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 4772.
Type locality: A road cutting 100 m north of Takanli in Mersin region, Turkey.
Approx, long. 34°35'E, lat. 37°55'N. Upper Miocene.
Derivation of name: Latin claudus , "lame", referring to .asymmetric swelling on rt. valve.
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) IO 4771 (RV: PI. 1:11:62, fig. 1), 10 4772 (LV:
Pi. 1:11:62, fig. 2; Pi. 1:11:64, figs. 1, 3) and 10 4733 (RV:
Pi. 1:11:64, fig. 2). All from type locality, marl with molluscs,
presumed shallow marine.
Explanation of Plate 1:11:62
Fig. 1, c* RV, ext.; fig. 2, ? LV, ext.
.Scale A (500 urn ; *130) , fig- 1; scale B (500 ym ; xl40) , fig. 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1 {11:63 Keijella clauda (3 of 4)
Diagnosis: Shape diagnostic, rt. valve (but not It.) tumid in posterodorsal third;
2-10 slots.
Remarks: Posteroventral spine present or absent in either or both valves. Slots
variable: 4-10 in rt. valve, 1-3 in It. valve, usually concentrated in
posteroventral region. Sexual dimorphism distinct, males more elongate
than females. Distribution: Upper Miocene of Mersin region, Turkey.
Explanation of Plate 1:11:64
Fig. 1, $ LV, int.; fig. 2, ? RV, int.; fig. 3, LV, int. muse. sc.
Scale A (500 ym ; xl06) , figs. 1, 2; scale B (100 ym ; *333), fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:12:65-68 (1973)
595.337.14 (18.213) (560:161.035.37): 551.351+552.542
Keijella dolabrata (1 of 4)
ON KEIJELLA DOLABRATA DORUK sp. nov.
by Neriman Doruk
(University of Leicester England)
Keijella dolabrata sp. nov.
Holotype : Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) io 4770.
Type locality: A road cutting between Adana and Salba§, beside Qakit stream 5 km
east of Salba§, Turkey. Approx, long. 35°10'E, lat. 37°07'N.
Tortonian (Upper Miocene).
Derivation of name: Latin, "axe-shaped".
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) io 4769 (RV: Pi. 1:12:06, fig. 1;
Pl. 1:12:68, fig. 2) and IO 4770 (LV: Pi. 1:12:66, fig. 2;
Pl. 1:12:68, figs. 1, 3). Both from type locality; rt. valve from
the base. It. valve from the top of the same section. Presumed
shallow marine, grey marl with abundant foraminifera and molluscs.
Explanation of Plate 1:12:66
Fig. 1, I RV, ext.; fig. 2, + LV, ext.
Scale A (250 ym ; xl36), fig. 1; scale B (250 yin ; x]_20) , fig. 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:12:67 Keijella dolabrata (3 of 4)
Diagnosis: Shape diagnostic, tapering towards narrow posterior. Carapace
smooth, tumid.
Remarks: Rt. valve with or without posteroventral spine. Two or three slots
confined to rt. valve. Some It. valves of immature specimens have
a posteroventral spine. Sexual dimorphism slight, females more
swollen and a little shorter than males. Distribution: Tortonian
of Adana region, Turkey.
Explanation of Plate 1:12:68
Fig. 1, ? LV , int. ; fig. 2, RV, int. ; fig. 3, LV, int. muse. sc.
Scale A (500 gim ; xgo) , figs. 1, 2; scale B (100 ym ; x257) , fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:12:66
Keijella dolabrata (4 of 4)
Keijella dolabrata (2 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:12:68
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:69-76 (1973) Timiriasevia punctata (1 of 8)
595.337.14 (116.233) (423.3:162.002.50): 551.312
ON TIMIRIASEVIA PUNCTATA CLEMENTS sp. nov.
by R. G. Clements
(University of Leicester , England)
Timiriasevia punctata sp. nov.
Timiriasevia cf. mackerrowi Bate; Anderson in F. W. Anderson & R. A. B. Bazley, Bull, geol .
Surv. Gt . Br. , 34, p. 133, figs. 12, 13 (1971).
Holctype: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5590, ? RV.
Type locality: Cliff section, SE side of Peveril Point, Durlston Bay, Dorset, England;
Nat. Grid Ref.: SZ 04027861. Bed DB244(c)* (sample no. 2); part of bed 91
' of Damon (1884, Geology of Weymouth, etc., Weymouth & London). Up. Cypris
Clays & Shales, Up. Purbeck Beds, Cypridea setina Zone, Lr. Cretaceous.
Figured specimens: BM(NH) 10 5590 (PI. 1:13:70, fig. 2), 10 5591 (PI. 1:13:70, fig. 1),
10 5592 (PI. 1:13:72, fig. 1), 10 5593 (Pi. 1:13:72, fig. 2), IO 5594
(PI. 1:13:72, fig. 3), 10 5595 (Pi. 1:13:74, fig. 1; Pi. 1:13:76,
fig. 5), 10 5596 (Pi. 1:13:74, fig. 2; PI. 1:13:76, fig. 7), 10 5597
(PI. 1:13:74, fig. 3; Pi. 1:13:76, fig. 6), IO 5598 (Pi. 1:13:76, figs.
2-4), 10 5599 (Pi. 1:13:76, fig. 8); all from same sample as holotype.
10 5600 (Pi. 1:13:70, fig. 3) from bed DB241*, part of Damon's bed 89;
IO 5601 (Pi. 1:13:76, fig. 1) from bed DB244(b)*, part of Damon's bed 91.
Explanation of Plate 1:13:70
Fig. 1, ? LV, ext.; fig. 2, ? RV, ext.; fig. 3, ? RV, ext.
Scale A (200 urn ; xl35) , fig. 1; scale B (200 yin ; *125) , figs. 2, 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:71 Timiriasevia punctata (3 of 8)
Diagnosis: Carapace sub-ovate, greatest height in third quarter from anterior.
Broad, low, rounded costae separated by narrow lines of puncta.
Costae sub-parallel to margins, concentric about a sub-triangular
posterocentral lateral area, more marked and asymmetrical towards
ventral and posterior margins. Flange, narrow. Accommodation groove
in larger. It. valve; smaller, similar structure in rt. valve.
Remarks: Prominence of costae varies; some specimens are sub-reticulate.
Adductor muscle scars in second quarter from anterior. Line of con-
crescence and inner margin coincident except for narrow anterior
vestibule. Anterior radial pore canals straight, simple, about 6-7
in vestibule. Dimorphism marked; presumed ? posteriorly inflated.
Largest measured specimen (10 5598) , 0.52 mm long. Greatest height
distinctly anterior in early instars; approximately mid-line in
ultimate instar; muscle scars in instars sub-central. The species is
specially common in biomicrites (often argillaceous, and gastropod-
rich) and calcareous clays, and is associated with Cypridea spp.
(abundant to common) , Rhinocypris jurassica (Martin) (common to
abundant) , Darwinula spp. (few to common) and more rarely Therio-
synoecum striata (Martin); the usually abundant gastropods are
dominantly Viviparus sp. , and more rarely Theodoxus (?) fisheri
Arkell, Planorbis fisheri Arkell and Physa bristovii Phillips. This
suggests a low salinity non-marine envirorynent .
Explanation of Plate 1:13:72
Fig. 1, o* LV, ext.; fig. 2, <f RV, ext.; fig. 3, juv RV, ext.
Scale A (200 ym ; *135) , fig. 1; scale B (200 ym ; *145) , fig. 2; scale C (200 ym ; *180) ,
fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:72
Timiriasevia punctata (4 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:70 Timiriasevia punctata (2 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:73 Timiriasevia punctata (5 of 8)
Affinities: T. mackerrowi Bate (1965, Palaeontology , 8, pp. 756-758, pi. Ill, figs.
2-12; Bathonian) differs in lateral and dorsal outline; lacks punctation;
has marked posteroventral extension of flange.
T. crustiforwis Mandelstam (1960, in P. S. Ljubimova et al . , Trud. vses.
nef. -nauch. issled. geol. Inst. [VNIGRI] , 160, pp. 67-69, pi. VIII, figs,
la, b; Callovian) apparently lacks punctation.
T. polymorpha Mandelstam (1955, in L. I. Galeeva, Ostrakody melovykh
otlozheniy Mongolskoy Narodnoy Respubiki . Gostoptekhizdat , Moscow (?) ,
p. 61, pi. XV, figs. 4a, b, B; Lower Cretaceous) differs in lateral and
dorsal outline; has regular reticulate ornament.
T. principalis Ljubimova (1956, Trud. vses. nef. -nauch. issled. geol.
Inst. [VNIGRI], 93, pp. 129-130, pi. XXIV, figs, la, b, 2a, b; Upper
Cretaceous) differs in dorsal outline, and is apparently a distinctly
larger species.
T. sp. (Anderson 1967, in F. W. Anderson et al . , Bull. geol. Surv . Gt.
Br., 27, pp. 171-235) and T . cf. mackerrowi Bate (Anderson 1971) from the
Purbeck Beds of S. England probably belong to the present species.
Distribution: Ranges through the greater part of the Cypridea vidrana Zone (upper
Middle Purbeck Beds) and the C. setina Zone (Upper Purbeck Beds) of
Durlston Bay, where it is most abundant in the latter zone. See Anderson
(1971) for further details of occurrence.
Explanation of Plate 1:13:74
Fig. 1, cf LV, int.; fig. 2 , a* RV, slightly obi. int. ; fig. 3, 2 LV, int. muse. sc.
Scale A (200 ym ; xl55) , fig. 1; scale B (200 ym ; *140) , fig. 2; scale C (50 ym ; x580) ,
fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:75
Timiriasevia punctata (7 of 8)
Measurements of T. punctata from Durlston Bay. (All rt. valves).
Cb
t,
d)
50 ym
* Clements MS. See fig. A35 of Clements in J. C. W. Cope, et al.,
1969. International Field Symposium on the British Jurassic .
Excursion no. 1. Guide for Dorset and South Somerset. Geology
Dept., University of Keele, 71 pp.
Explanation of Plate 1:13:76
Muscle scar, based on
10 5595 ( o" LV)
Fig. 1, 2 car., dors.; fig. 2, ? car., vent.; fig. 3, 2 car., ant.; fig. 4, 2 car., post.;
fig. 5, c f LV, vent, ext.; fig. 6, 2 LV, obi. vent, int.; fig. 7, cf RV, vent, ext.; fig. 8,
2 RV, obi. vent. int.
Scale A (100 ym ; *90), fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ^ x75) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x70) , figs.
3, 4; scale D (100 ym ; xl55) , fig. 5; scale E (100 ym ; xH5)( fig. 6; scale F (100 ym ;
xl50) , fig. 7; scale G (100 ym ; xl3Q) , fig. 8.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:74
Timiriasevia punctata (6 of 8)
i Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:13:76
Timiriasevia punctata (8 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:77-84 (1973) Hemicytherura cellulosa (1 of 8)
595.337.14 (119.9) (261.268:162.003.50): 551.351
ON HEMICYTHERURA CELLULOSA (NORMAN)
by John E. Whittaker
(British Museum ( Natural History) > London)
Genus HEMICYTHERURA Elofson, 1941
Type-species (designated by Elofson, 1941): Cythere cellulosa Norman, 1865
Hemicytherura cellulosa (Norman, 1865)
Cythere cellulosa sp. nov. A. M. Norman, in: G. S. Brady, Nat . Hist . Trans . Northumh. ,
vol . 1, pt. 1, p. 22, pi. V, figs. 17-20; pi. VI, fig. 17 (1865).
Cytherura cellulosa (Norman); G. S. Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 26, p. 446,
pi. XXIX, figs. 47-50, 60 (1868).
Cytherura concentrica Brady, Crosskey & Robertson (Pars); G. S. Brady & A. M. Normar ,
Scient. Trans. R. Dubl. Soc., ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 201, pi. XVII, figs. 28, 29 (= juveniles);
non pi. XIX, figs. 3, 4 (1889).
Cytheropteron (Hemicytherura) cellulosa (Norman); O. Elofson, Zool. Bidr. Upps., vol. 19,
p. 314 (1941).
Hemicytherura cellulosa (Norman); I. Yassini, Bull. Inst. Geol. Bassin Aquitaine, no. 7,
p. 94 (1969). (q.v. for full synonymy).
Explanation of Plate 1:14:78
Fig. 1, 2 car., ext. It. lat. ; fig. 2, car., ext. rt. lat.
Scale A (100 ym ; x240) , figs. 1, 2.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:79 Hemicytherura cellulosa (3 of 8)
Syntypes: Material from two of Norman's type localities, Berwick-on-Tweed and
Lamlash Bay (Isle of Arran) , has been located in the Norman Collection
(1911.11.8) of the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). The numbers are M.3665 and
M.3666 respectively. A lectotype will be chosen, and more details given
in a forthcoming paper.
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos., 1972.11.6.1 ( $ car.: Pi. 1:14:78, fig. 1),
1972.11.6.2 ( H car.: Pi. 1:14:78, fig. 2; Pi. 1:14:80, figs. 2, 3),
1972.11.6.3 (? LV: Pi. 1:14:80, fig. 1), 1972.11.6.4 (juv-1 car.: Pi.
1:14:82, figs. 2, 3), 1972.11.6.5 (juv-1 LV: Pi. 1:14:82, fig. 1),
1972.11.6.6 (juv-1 RV: Pi. 1:14:84, fig. 1), 1972.11.6.7 (juv-2 car.:
Pi. 1:14:84, fig. 2), and 1972.11. 6.8 (juv-3 car.: Pi. 1:14:84, fig. 3).
Recent. From littoral and sub-littoral marine-algae at various stations
in Weymouth Bay, Southern England (approx, long. 2°21-25'W, lat. 50°38'N).
Collected by J.E. Whittaker, 1968-69. The ostracods were living at the
time of collection.
Diagnosis: Adult carapace massive, very small (<0.4 mm long). Large fossae in
posterior two-thirds of valves characteristically sub-rounded. No
projecting marginal ridges.
Explanation of Plate 1:14:80
Fig. 1, 2 LV, int. lat. Figs. 2, 3, H car.: fig. 2, detail of ant. dors, region; fig. 3,
detail of mid-post, region. <
Scale A (100 ym ; *240) , fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; xllOO) , figs. 2, 3.
i
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:80
Hemicytherura cellulosa (4 of 8)
Hemicytherura cellulosa (2 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:78
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:81 Hemicytherura cellulosa (5 of 8)
Remarks : In 1889, Brady & Norman (op. cit. p. 202) described a small punctate
ostracod with faint concentric striae which they tentatively assigned
to Cytherura concentrica Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, 1874 (Palae-
ontogr . Soc . , p. 194). Some of these specimens are housed in the Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Norman Coll. 1911.11.8., nos. M. 3616-18, M.3620. They
were at first thought by these writers to be the instars of Cytherura
nigrescens (Baird, 1838) until they found the true instars of the latter.
Moreover, at the time, it was also doubted that they were juveniles of
C. concentrica as ... (p. 202) ... "no unmistakeable C. concentrica,
closely agreeing with the fossil types (0.6 mm long) have been found
in our seas. The small form must for the present be left in doubt."
This very same form has now been encountered in large numbers in
samples collected from Weymouth Bay where in many cases only adults of
H. cellulosa were otherwise present. It therefore seems certain that it
is the instar of this strikingly ornate species.
As far as I am aware there is no other reported occurrence of the
final moult being responsible for the introduction of virtually all the
ornament to the shell. In other highly ornate adults (e.g. species of
Callistocythere and Carinocythereis) the detail has been added gradually
with each growth stage. It would now be interesting to investigate living
populations of the Mediterranean species of Hemicytherura to ascertain if
a similar phenomenon occurs and whether it may be unique to this genus.
Explanation of Plate 1:14:82
Fig. 1, juv-1 LV , ext. lat. Figs. 2, 3, juv-1 car.: fig. 2, detail of ant. dors, region;
fig. 3, detail of mid-post, region.
Scale A (100 ym ; *240), fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; xllOO), figs. 2, 3:
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:83
Hemicytherura cellulosa (7 of 8)
E
E
,c
*—
X
O
0.2- -
0.1
-h
0.2
H-
0.4
H-
THE GROWTH STAGES
Of A LIVING POPULATION OF
HEMICYTHERURA CELLULOSA (NORMAN) 1865.
-3
, ' • *•••<*
-1
-2 .
: • •
from a sample of marine-algae.
Bran Point, Weymouth Bay. March 1969.
(approx. long.2‘22'W, lat.50'38'N.)
o.i
H ■ h-
0.2 0.3
LENGTH in mm
+
ECOLOGY
A marine, phytal species.
H. cellulosa was collected by
the author from a large
number of types of filamentous
marine-algae during the five
seasons, summer 1968- summer
1969, in his study area along
the Dorset coast of S. England.
It was particularly common at
the more exposed stations crvd
was found living to a depth of
3^2 fathoms. The recorded
salinity and water- temperature
variation was 28-35%. and
5*19°C respectively.
DISTRIBUTION:
The coasts of N.W. Europe.
Reliable living records from the
Bay of Biscay to W. Norway.
Supposed Mediterranean
specimens need careful compar-
ison with H. videos (GW. Muller).
RANGE:
Pleistocene - Recent .
Explanation of Plate 1:14:84
Fig. 1, juv-1 RV , int. lat.; fig. 2, juv-2 car., ext. rt. lat.; fig. 3, juv-3 car., ext.
rt. lat.
Scale A (100 ym ; x240) , figs. 1-3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:82
Hemicytherura cellulosa (6 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:14:84
Hemicytherura cellulosa (8 of 8)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:15:85-88 (1973) Ilyocypris quinculminata (1 of 4)
595.337.12 (119.3) (424.6:162.003.52+430.1:161.008.50): 551.312+552.57
ON ILYOCYPRIS QUINCULMINATA SYLVESTER-BRADLEY sp. nov.
by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley
(University of Leicester England)
Ilyocypris quinculminata sp. nov.
Holotype: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) IO 5542 (RV).
Type locality: Pleistocene (Hoxnian Interglacial) of Lowe's Pit, Trysull, Staffordshire
(Section A of A. V. Morgan, "The glacial geology of the area north of
Wolverhampton, England", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, in press). Approx, long.
2°13'W, lat. 52°33'N; Nat. Grid Ref.: SK 84829478. Calcareous silt with
freshwater fauna; Morgan infers body of still or quietly moving water.
Derivation of name: Latin, "five-peaked."
Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) IO 5542 (RV: Pi. 1:15:88, figs. 2, 3); the
specimen of Pi. 1:15:86, figs. 2, 3 has been broken; both from type
locality. 10 5544 (RV: Pi. 1:15:86, fig. 1) and 10 5545 (LV: Pi. 1:15:88,
fig. 1) from Wohnbach, near Berstadt, Germany, lat. 50°26'N, long.
8°50'E (Middle Pleistocene, Braunkohle opencast quarries). See
W. Boenigk, et al , , in Abh. hess , Landesamt. Bod enf or s chung for 1973.
Explanation of Plate 1:15:86
Fig. 1, RV ext.; fig. 2, LV ext.; fig. 3, LV ext., to show spines.
Scale A (500 ym ; x60) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x57) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x320) ,
fig. 3.
! Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:15:87 Ilyocypris quinculminata (3 of 4)
Diagnosis: Punctate, each valve decorated with about 140 conical spines with an
average height of about 65 ym. The diameter of the base of each spine
is a little less than its height (see Pi. 1:15:86, fig. 3). Five
hollow, conical eminences of larger size form a W - pattern, the three
dorsal being about 200 ym, the anteroventral about 80 ym, and the
posteroventral about 100 ym in diameter.
Remarks: This species, discovered by Dr. A. V. Morgan in deposits (dated on
palynology as Hoxnian) from the English Midlands, was subsequently
recognised by Dr. E. K. Kempf of the Geological Institute of the Uni-
versity of Cologne, as present also in the Middle Pleistocene (Hoxnian
or older) of Germany. The species is easily recognisable and appears
to be extinct; it may prove a useful index for the Middle Pleistocene.
I would like to thank Drs. Morgan and Kempf for the donation of
specimens now deposited in the British Museum (Natural History) .
I. quinculminata has some resemblance in ornament to I. hartmanni
Lerner-Seggev (1968, Israel J. Zool., vol. 17, pp. 117-143; Recent, Lake
Tiberias, Israel). It differs in shape, the spines are larger, and there
are more of them (J. hartmanni has only about 80 spines, and some
specimens also lack the median -dorsal eminence) .
Explanation of Plate 1:15:88
Fig. 1, LV int. ; fig. 2, RV int.; fig. 3, RV int. , to show central muse. sc. field.
Scale A (500 ym ; x62) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x65) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x325) ,
fig. 3.
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:15:86
Ilyocypris quinculminata (2 of 4)
Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:15:88
Ilyocypris quinculminata (4 of 4)
1: 1:1-4
1:2:5-22
1:3:23-30
1:4:31-34
1:5:35-40
1:6:41-42
1:7:43-44
1:8:45-52
1:9:53-56
1:10:57-60
1:11:61-64
1:12:65-68
1:13:69-76
1:14:77-84
1:15:85-88
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