A Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells

edited by P. C. Sylvestej^'Bradley and Da^id J. Siveter

by the Department of Geology

University of Leicester, England

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Contributions illustrated by scanning electron micrographs of Ostracoda in stereo-pairs

are invited. Full instructions may be obtained on request from the Editors. Format should

follow the style set by the majority of papers in this issue. The Editors should be

consulted for advice before figures for plates are mounted. Descriptive matter apart from

illustrations should be cut to a minimum; preferably each plate should be accompanied by

one page of text only.

Department of Geology, The University, Leicester.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The publication of this first volume of the Stereo-Atlas has been made possible by the

generous financial help of the British Petroleum Company Limited and Shell International

Petroleum Company Limited.

STEREO-VIEWING FOR USERS OF THE ATLAS

In order to gain maximum information and benefit from the use of the Stereo-Atlas it is

essential that the user view the micrographs stereoscopically. Small pocket-sized stereo-

viewers are most suitable for this purpose; two suppliers of such viewers are given below.

C. F. Casella & Co. Ltd., Regent House, Britannia Walk, London, N1 7ND,

Pocket stereoscope, model T15010 (£1.00 each; excluding packing and carriage).

Air Photo Supply Corp., 158, South Station, Yonkers, New York 10705.

Pocket stereoscope, model PS-2 ($8.65 each; excluding postage and handling).

The scanning electron microscope in the Department of Geology of the University of

Leicester was supplied by the Natural Environment Research Council under the terms of

Grant No. GR/3/95 for the purpose of micropalaeontological research.

Plates printed by Broadwater Press Limited, Welwyn Garden City, Herts., England.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:30:161-164 (1973) Paijenborchella cymbula (1 of 4)

595.337.14 (118.22) (457.8:161.017.39 + 564.3:161.033.35): 551.35 + 552.52 + 552.542

ON PAIJENBORCHELLA ( EOPAIJENBORCHELLA ) MALAIENSIS CYMBULA RUGGIERI

by Neriman Doruk

(University of Leicester 3 England)

Paijenborchella (Eopaijenborchella) malaiensis cymbula Ruggieri, 1950

Paijenborchella cymbula G. Ruggieri, G . Geol . , ser. 2, vol. 21, p. 60, 2 text-figs. (1950).

P. (Eopai jenborchella) malaiensis Kingma; W. Sissingh, Bull. Micropaleontol . Utrecht, no 6

p. 150, pi. 12, fig. 15 (1972).

Holotype. Coll. Ruggieri n. 2319. Istituto di Geologia e Paleontologia, University

of Palermo.

Type locality: Torre S. Leonardo near Crotone , Calabria. Approx, long. 17°08'E,

lat. 39°05'N. Pliocene, clay with abundant planktonic foraminifera

especially Globigerina and with predominant Krithe and Bairdia. Presumed

deep marine.

Explanation of Plate 1:30:162

Fig. 1, RV ext.; fig. 2, LV ext. obi.; fig. 3, LV ext.; fig. 4, LV dors.; fig. 5, LV ant.

obi.

;; Scale A (100 ym ; xll2) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; xl33) , figs. 2-4; scale C (100 ym ;

: xi53) , fig. 5.

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:30:163 Paijenborchella cymbula (3 of 4)

Figured specimens:

Diagnosis :

Remarks:

Explanation of Plate 1:30:164

Fig. 1, RV int.; fig. 2, LV int . ; fig. 3, RV hinge; fig. 4, LV hinge; fig. 5, RV int.

mus c . sc.

Scale A (100 ym ; xi23) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; xi33) f fig. 2; scale C (50 ym ; x340) ,

fig. 3; scale D (50 ym ; x266), fig. 4; scale E (100 ym ; X344) , fig. 5.

Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 4769 (RV: PI. 1:30:162, fig. 1; PI. 1:30:164,

figs. 1, 3, 5), 10 4770 (LV: Pi. 1:30:162, figs. 2-5; Pi. 1:30:164, figs.

2, 4). 10 4769 from type locality kindly given by G. Ruggieri. 10 4770

from Cyprus (coll, by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley) ; Pliocene, marl with

abundant planktonic foraminifera and molluscs (Ostracoda rare in number,

but diverse in species; seemingly characteristic of both deep and shallow

environments), approx, long. 33°04'E, lat. 35°19'N.

This Mediterranean subspecies of P. malaiensis Kingma is distinguished

by its more drawn-out shape and long caudal process. The ridges are less

strongly defined. Reticulation with small puncta.

Distribution: nominotypical subspecies. Recent and Pliocene (type

locality Malaya); P. cymbula Mediterranean, Pliocene in Italy, Crete and

Cyprus .

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:30:164

Paijenborchella cymbula (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:31:165-168 (1973) Pai jenborchella mouliana (1 of 4)

595.337.14 (118.213) (560:161.035.37): 551.351+552.542

ON PAIJENBORCHELLA (EOPAIJENBORCHELLA) MOULIANA (SISSINGH)

by Neriman Doruk

(University of Leicester 3 England)

Pai jenborchella (Eopai jenborchella) mouliana (Sissingh, 1972)

Neomonoceratina mouliana W. Sissingh, Bull. Micropaleontol . Utrecht , no. 6, p. 148, pi. 12,

figs. 8a, b, 9 (1972).

Holotype: A left female valve, in the Utrecht micropaleontological collection.

Type locality: Section Almiri, exposure I, Central Crete (see W. Sissingh, op. cit.,

pp. 21, 22). Approx, long. 24°20'E, lat. 35°10'N. Tortonian.

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) io 5783 (RV: pi. 1:31:166, fig. 1), 10 5784

(LV: Pi. 1:31:166, fig. 2) and IO 5785 (RV: Pi. 1:31:168, figs. 3, 4) are

from a road section 5 km E of Salba^, Adana area, Turkey, 4 m from the

base of the section; Tortonian, grey marl with molluscs and foraminifera,

presumed shallow marine; approx, long. 35°10'E, lat. 37°07'N. Two

specimens (Pi. 1:31:168, fig. 1, figs. 2, 5) were broken after

photography; both are from a road cutting, 7 km E of Salbap; Tortonian,

grey marl interbedded with sandstones, presumed shallow marine; approx.

long. 35°12'E, lat. 37°07'N.

Explanation of Plate 1:31:166

Fig. 1, ? RV, ext.; fig. 2, $ LV, ext.

Scale A (250 ym ; xl48) , fig. 1; scale B (250 ym ; xl56) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:31:167 Pai jenborchella mouliana (3 of 4)

Diagnosis: Distinguished by the route of median carina and posterior projection of

dorsal margin in the left valve; surface reticulate with polygonal

fossae; reticulum punctate.

Remarks: The anteromedian element of the hinge is unusual and is separated from

the posteromedian element, being developed in a position which is both

ventral and posterior to the normal. In the right valve the anterior end

of the posteromedian socketed groove overlies the anteromedian socket.

The flange may either run along the whole anterior margin or only along

its anteroventral part. Ventral carinae may be weak or strong with or

without spine. There is usually a short, blunt spine or projection in

the posterodorsal region of the shell, symmetrical with the projection

terminating the ventral carinae. The reticulum varies in density (see

Pi. 1:31:166, figs. 1, 2). An operculum-like structure in the anterior

socket of left hinge (PI. 1:31:168, fig. 2) has been observed only on

this one specimen - it may be teratological. Sexual dimorphism: very

prominent, females more tumid and shorter.

Distribution: Upper Miocene (Tortonian) in Crete, Greece (W. Sissingh, 1972) and in

Adana area of Turkey.

Explanation of Plate 1:31:168

Fig. 1, $ LV, int. ; fig. 2, LV hinge; fig. 3, ? RV, int. ; fig. 4, RV hinge; fig. 5, LV int.

muse. sc.

Scale A (250 ym ; *56) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; *200) , fi9- 2> scale C (250 ym ; *112),

fig. 3; scale D (100 ym ; x230) , fig. 4; scale E (50 ym ; *640) , fi<3- 5*

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:31:166 Paijenborchella mouliana (2 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:31:168 Paijenborchella mouliana (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:32:169-172 (1973) Australicythere polylyca (1 of 4)

595.337.14 (119.9) (269.56:163.165.77): 551.351 (24.08.57)

ON AUSTRALICYTHERE POLYLYCA (MULLER)

by Richard H. Benson

(Smithsonian Institution , Washington , D.C. s U.S.A.)

Genus AUSTRALICYTHERE Benson, 1964

Type-species (original designation) : Cythereis polylyca Muller, 1908

Australicythere polylyca (Muller, 1908)

Cythereis polylyca Muller, Wiss . Ergebn. dt. Sudpolar-Exped . , Bd. 10, Zoology, II Bd. ,

p. 135, pi. 17, figs. 1, 5, 6 (1908).

Cythere normani Brady; Chapman, in Br. Antarct. Exped. 1907-9. Rep. Scient. Invest. Geology .

Vol. II. Contr. Palaeont. Petrol. South Victoria Land. p. 50, pi. 4, fig. 2 (1916).

Cythere davisi Chapman, in Br. Antarct. Exped. 1907-9. Rep. Scient. Invest. Geology. Vol.

II. Contr. Palaeont. Petrol. South Victoria Land , p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 46a-c (1916),

Australicythere polylyca (Muller); Benson, Univ. Kans . Paleont. Contr. Arthro . , no. 6,

pp. 24-26, pi. 2, fig. 10; pi. 4, figs. 1-7, 9; text-figs. 15-17 (1964).

Australicythere polylyca ■ (Muller) ; Neale, Br. Antarct. Surv. Scient. Rep. no. 58, pp. 36, 37,

pi. 4e, k-n, fig. 12 (1967).

Explanation of Plate 1:32:170

Fig. 1, LV ext. lat.; fig. 2, LV subcentral tubercle.

Scale A (250 ym ; x75) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; xl90) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:32:171 Australicythere polylyca (3 of 4)

Type specimens: Repository unknown.

Type locality: Gauss station (lat. 65°S, long. 90°E) ; Indian Ocean sector of the

Antarctic shelf.

Figured specimens: U.S.N.M., coll. nos. 113066A (LV: PI. 1:32:170, figs. 1, 2), and

113066B (RV: PI. 1:32:172, figs. 1, 2). Both Recent from McMurdo

Sound, Antarctica, S of Hut Point at entrance to Winter Quarters

Bay; 57 m.

Explanation of Plate 1:32:172

Fig. 1, RV int. lat.; fig. 2, RV int. muse. sc.

Scale A (250 ym ; x80) , fig. 1; scale B (50 ym ; x320) , fig. 2.

Australicy there polylyca (2 of 4)

Austral icy there polylyca (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:32:170

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:32:172

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:33:173-176 (1973) Patagonacythere devexa (1 of 4)

595.337.14 (119.9) (269.56:163.165.77): 551.351 (24.08.57)

ON PATAGONACYTHERE DEVEXA (MULLER)

by Richard H. Benson

(Smithsonian Institution , Washington , D.C.3 U.S.A.)

Patagonacythere devexa (Muller, 1908)

Cythereis devexa Muller, Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Sudpolar-Exped . , Bd. 10, Zoology, II Bd. , p. 137,

pi. 17, figs. 4, 8; text-figs (1908).

Cythereis devexa Muller; Muller, Das Tierreich, Auftrage Kgl . Preuss . Akad. Wiss., vol. 31,

p. 348 (1912).

Cythere parallelogramma Brady; Chapman, in Br. Antarct. Exped . 1907-9. Rep. Scient. Invest.

Geology. Vol. II. Contr. Palaeont. Petrol. South Victoria Land r pp. 38, 49, pi. 4, fig. 3

(1916).

Cythereis (Cythereis) frequens Skogsberg, Calif. Acad. Sci . Occas . Pap., vol. 15, pp. 95-

100, pi. 2, fig. 5; pi. 5, fig. 1 (1928).

Aurila frequens (Skogsberg); Hartmann, Mitt. hamb. zool . Mus..Inst., pt. 3, p. 236 (1962).

Patagonacythere devexa (Muller); Benson, Univ. Kans . Paleont. Contr. Arthro. , no. 6, pp.

27-30, pi. 2, fig. 11; pi. 3, figs. 4, 5, 7-11; text-figs. 18-20 (1964).

Patagonacythere devexa (Muller); Neale, Br. Antarct. Surv. Scient. Rep. no. 58, pp. 41, 42,

pi. IIIc, o', e; pi. IVi, j; fig. 10 (1967).

Explanation of Plate 1:33:174

Fig. 1, LV ext. lat. ; fig. 2, LV subcentral tuoercle.

Scale A (250 ym ; x80) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; x200) , fig- 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:33:175 Patagonacythere devexa (3 of 4)

Type specimens: Repository unknown.

Type locality: Gauss station, (lat. 65°S, long. 90°E) ; Indian Ocean sector of the

Antarctic shelf.

Figured specimens: u.S.N.M. coll. no. 113067 (LV: PI. 1:33:174, figs. 1, 2 and

RV : Pi. 1:33:176, figs. 1, 2). Both Recent from McMurdo Sound,

Antarctica; 57 m.

Explanation of Plate 1:33:176

Fig. 1, RV int. lat.; fig. 2, RV int. muse. sc.

Scale A (250 ym ; x80) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; x240) , fig. 2.

P at agonacy there devexa (2 of 4)

Patagonacy there devexa (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:33:174

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:33:176

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:34:177-180 (1973) Craspedobolbina impendens (1 of 4)

595.336.11 (113.331) (414.62:162.004.55): 551.35+552.52

ON CRASPEDOBOLBINA (MITROBEYRICHIA) IMPENDENS (HASWELL)

by David J. Siveter

(University of Leicester 3 England)

Craspedobolbina (Mitrobeyriohia) impendens (Haswell, 1965)

: Entomis impendens n. sp. G. C. Haswell, On the Silurian Formation in the Pentland Hills ,

W. P. Nimmo, Edinburgh, p. 38, pi. Ill, figure 11 (1865).

Lectotype: (here designated) Haswell' s type material was found in the Brit. Mus .

(Nat. Hist.). Slab I 6300a contains many moulds of tecnomorphs including

(according to label information) the specimen figured by Haswell. I 6299

consists of two identical sealing wax casts of this type slab; each cast

has a number of valves, all of which are conspecific, one of which is

ringed. This ringed specimen - a poorly preserved left valve - is taken

to be the original of Haswell 's figured cast and its external mould (now

numbered I 6300b) is selected as lectotype (unfigured here) .

Type locality: Area adjacent to the North Esk Reservoir, the Pentland Hills, Scotland. If

as seems likely Haswell' s material came from Deerhope Burn or Wetherlaw

Linn/ the type stratum would have a probable late Llandovery age. Approx.

long. 3°22'W, lat. 55°49'N.

Explanation of Plate 1:34:178

Figs. 1-2, c f RV : fig. 1, ext. lat.; fig. 2, syllobial ornament. Fig. 3, ? RV, ext. lat.

■Scale A (250 ym ; x70) , fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; *350) , fig. 2; scale C (250 ym ; *65) ,

fig. 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:34:179 Craspedobolbina impendens (3 of 4)

Figured specimens: Sedgwick Mus. (Cambridge) A35350 ( c? RV: PI. 1:34:178, figs. 1, 2),

A88250 ( ? RV: Pi. 1:34:178, fig. 3) and A88251 ( cr* RV: Pi. 1:34:180,

figs. 1-3). All from a small slab of brown mudstone from Wetherlaw Linn,

Pentland Hills; presented 1925 by O. J. W. Kilpatrick. Nat. Grid Ref.:

NT 148587. These specimens are considered conspecific with the lectotype.

Diagnosis: Small species of Craspedobolbina (Mitrobeyriohia) whose lobes are covered

with fine, crudely prismatic processes. Syllobial cuspidal plica rounded,

anterior lobal cusp weak. Adductorial sulcus very narrow. No syllobial

groove or lobular differentiation.

Remarks: All the figures are micrographs of "Silcoset" casts taken from external

moulds. They show exceptionally well the fine details of ornamentation.

The prismatic processes measure approximately 8 ym across and lie about

5 ym apart; they are spine-like but do not appear to taper distally.

Many of them are broken; some reveal hollow centres (Pi. 1:34:180,

figs. 3, 4). Short tubules are visible on the anterior and ventral

regions of the velum; fine discontinuous striae parallel the velar edge.

The subcruminal morphology is of the well-known Craspedobolbina type;

the velum is simply constricted. The ornament of C. impendens is

distinctive and this feature alone separates it from congeneric species.

Craspedobolbina has not previously been recorded from Scotland. All

known material comes from the Pentland Hills, e.g. at Wetherlaw Linn

and Deerhope Bum, in deposits thought to be late Llandovery in age.

Explanation of Plate 1:34:180

Figs. 1-3, <f RV : fig. 1, ext. lat.; figs. 2, 3, syllobial ornament.

Scale A (250 ym ; x70) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; x225) , fig. 2; scale C (25 ym ; x560) ,

fig. 3.

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:34:178 Craspedobolbina impendens (2 of 4)

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:34:180 Craspedobolbina impendens (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:181-188 (1973) Haplocytheridea debilis (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (118.143) (422.8:162.002.50): 551.313.1+551.351

ON HAPLOCYTHERIDEA DEBILIS (JONES)

by M. C. Keen

(University of Glasgow 3 Scotland)

Hccplocytheridea debilis (Jones, 1857)

Cytheridea debilis sp. nov. T. R. Jones, Palaeontogr. Soc. (Monogr . ) , p. 43, pi. 6, fig. 13

(1857).

Cytheridea debilis Jones; T. R. Jones & C. D. Sherborn, Palaeontogr. Soc. (Monogr.), p. 38,

pi. 1, fig. 16 (1889).

Haplocytheridea wightensis sp. nov. C. W. Haskins, Revue Micropaleont. , vol. 12, p. 160,

Pi. 2, figs. 11-20 (1969).

Lectotype: (here designated) Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5026, ? LV.

rype locality: Colwell Bay, Isle of Wight, England. Nat. Grid Ref. SZ 329882; long.

1°32'W, lat. 50°41'N. Middle Headon Beds, Upper Eocene.

Explanation of Plate 1:35:182

I Fig. 1, $ LV, ext.; fig. 2, d* LV, ext.; fig. 3, 2 LV, lectotype, ext.; fig. 4, 2 LV, dors.

! ext.

; Scale A (250 ym ; xl00) , figs. 1, 4; scale B (250 ym ; xl05) , fig. 2; scale C (250 ym ; xgs) ,

fig. 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:183 Haplocytheridea debilis (3 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5940 ( 2 LV: Pi. 1:35:182, figs. 1, 4),

10 5941 ( o* LV : Pi. 1:35:182, fig. 2), 10 5026 ( ? LV: Pi. 1:35:182,

fig. 3), 10 5942 ( 2 RV: Pi. 1:35:184, figs. 1-3), 10 5943

( ? RV: 1:35:186, fig. 1), 10 5944 ( a* RV: Pi. 1:35:186, fig. 2),

10 5945 ( 2 LV: Pi. 1:35:188, figs. 1-5), 10 5951 ( ? RV: Pi. 1:35:186,

fig. 3). All specimens from Middle Headon Beds, Isle of Wight; IO 5942

from Whitecliff Bay, 10 5943 from Headon Hill, remainder from Colwell Bay.

Diagnosis: Small, subtriangular species, greatest height in anterior half;

ornamentation of small pits, all of approximately same size; two slightly

curved depressions run from mid dorsal area at right angles to dorsal

margin; may develop nodes.

Distribution: Hampshire Basin (Barton Beds, Middle Headon Beds, "Oyster Bed" of the

Bembridge Marls); Paris Basin (Sable de Marines, Marnes ^ P. ludensis ,

Marnes El L. inornata) . Apart from the Barton Beds, H. debilis is

usually the most abundant ostracod found at these horizons.

Explanation of Plate 1:35:184

Fig. 1, 2 RV , ext.; fig. 2, posteromedian part of fig. 1; fig. 3, normal pore canal.

Scale A (250 ym ; xl05) , fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; x725) , fig. 2; scale C (10 ym ; x3600) ,

fig. 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:182

Haplocytheridea debilis (2 of 8) i

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:184

Haplocytheridea debilis (4 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:185 Haplocytheridea debilis (5 of 8)

Remarks: Haplocytheridea Stephenson, 1936, has a holomerodont hinge, in the adult,

which is entirely positive in the right valve. Many European species

with this type of hinge have been placed in the genus, but H. debilis

seems to be one of the few species that fit the whole generic

description (F . P. C. M. Van Morkhoven, 1963, Post-Palaeozoic Ostracoda ,

vol. II, p. 278f ) . In particular, the marginal pore canals are simple

and irregularly grouped in two's and three's (some 35-40 ant., 8-10

post., 20 vent.), as in the type species H. montgomeryensis (Howe &

Chambers, 1935) (see H. Malz & E. Triebel, 1970, Senckenberg . leth. , vol.

51, pi. 2). Most of the other European species belong to Hemicyprideis

Malz & Triebel, 1970, which have swollen marginal pore canals, sometimes

branching. There is a prominent anterior vestibule, as in the type

species (Morkhoven op. cit. and Malz & Triebel op. cit.), with a small

posterior vestibule.

The normal pore canals (60—70 in number) are sieve— type, and when

seen from the outside of the valve form smaller pits than the

ornamentation. H . montgomeryensis also 'has sieve-type normal pore

canals (Morkhoven, op. cit.). Each marginal spine bears a false pore

canal .

Explanation of Plate 1:35:186

Fig. 1, 2 RV, ext., nodose form; fig. 2, c* RV, ext., nodose form; fig. 3, $ RV, int.

Scale A (250 ym ; *96) , figs. 1, 3; scale B (250 ym ; xl02) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:187 Haplocytheridea debilis (7 of 8)

Remarks (ccntd.): Morkhoven (op. cit.) suggests that Haplocytheridea does not develop

tubercles, which H. debilis does. However H. V. Howe (Bull. Cent.

Rech. Pau-SNPA , vol. 5 suppl. , pp. 349-359, pi. 1) lists and figures

nodose species from the Tertiary of the U.S.A., the area in which the

genus is best known. Nodose specimens of H. debilis are rare, and may

be male or female; nodes are generally developed on the right valve;

they are difficult to relate to any environmental factors.

The size of this species shows considerable variation; the length of

the female left valve ranges between 0.50 - 0.74 mm. This is probably

controlled by environmental factors such as salinity and food supply.

Sexual dimorphism is pronounced; the males are more elongate (L/H 1.98

cf0 females 1075) and generally smaller. The ratio between the sexes

varies from 1:2.5 (males : females) to 1:9.

By comparison with living representatives of the genus, and from its

association with other ostracods and molluscs, H. debilis is thought to

have inhabited shallow marine areas and polyhaline lagoons, withstanding

salinities as low as 15 %0 , but being more abundant in higher

salinities (25-35 %o ).

Explanation of Plate 1:35:188

Fig. 1, 2 LV, int.; fig. 2, LV, int. muse, sc.; fig. 3, LV , ant. obi. view of hinge, fig. 4,

LV , hinge, central muscle scars & mandibular scars; fig. 5, LV, showing hinge.

Scale A (250 ym ; xl05) , fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; *630) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x225) ,

figs. 3-5.

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:186

Haplocytheridea debilis (6 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:35:188

Haplocytheridea debilis (8 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:36:189-192 (1973)

595.337.14 (118.143) (422.8:162.002.50): 551.35

Haplocytheridea mantelli (1 of 4)

ON HAPLOCYTHERIDEA MANTELLI KEEN sp. nov.

by M. C. Keen

(University of Glasgow 3 Scotland)

Haplocytheridea mantelli sp. nov.

Holotype: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5946, LV.

Type locality: Whitecliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England. Nat. Grid Ref. SZ 641862; long.

1°05'W, lat. 50°40'N. Middle Headon Beds (Venus Bed), Upper Eocene.

Derivation of name: After Gideon Mantell, an early worker on the geology of the Isle of

Wight,

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5946 (LV: Pi. 1:36:190, figs. 1, 2),

10 5947 (RV: Pi. 1:36:190, fig. 3), 10 5948 (LV: Pi. 1:36:192, figs. 1,

4), 10 5949 (RV: Pi. 1:36:192, fig. 2), 10 5950 (car.: Pi. 1:36:192,

fig. 3) . All from the type locality.

Diagnosis: Medium sized species, greatest height in anterior half; ornamentation

of very small pits with larger sieve-pores in between.

Explanation of Plate 1:36:190

Fig. 1, LV ext.; fig. 2, normal pore canals & pitting; fig. 3, RV ext.

Scale A (250 ym ; *88) , figs. 1, 3; scale B (25 ym ; *780) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:36:191 Haplocytheridea mantelli (3 of 4)

Remarks: This differs from H. debilis (Jones, 1857) in i*ts larger size, lateral

outline, lack of the two parallel mid-dorsal depressions running at

right angles to dorsal margin, and in having the normal pores larger

than the ornamentation. Narrow anterior and posterior vestibules, about

35 anterior marginal pore canals and some 65 sieve-type normal pore

canals. No sexual dimorphism has been recognised in the material

studied; perhaps no males are represented ?

H. mantelli has only been found at the one locality and horizon,

giving it a much more restricted distribution than H. debilis. Unlike

the latter, it probabry could not tolerate low salinities, so was

restricted to near-normal marine salinities. No nodose specimens have

been found.

Explanation of Plate 1:36:192

Fig. 1, LV int.; fig. 2, RV int. ; fig. 3, dors, car.; fig. 4, LV, int. muse. sc.

Scale A (250 ym ; x88) , figs. 1-3; scale B (50 ym ; *350) , fig. 4.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:36:192

Haplocytheridea mantelli (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atl'as of Ostracod Shells 1:36:190

Haplocytheridea mantelli (2 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:193-200 (1973) Elofsonia baltica (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (119.9) (423.3:162.003.50): 551.313.1

ON ELOFSONIA BALTICA (HIRSCHMANN)

by John E. Whittaker

(British Museum ( Natural History) 3 London)

Genus ELOFSONIA Wagner, 1957

Type-speoies (designated by Wagner, 1957) : Loxoconcha baltica Hirschmann, 1909

Elofsonia baltica (Hirschmann, 1909)

Cythere gibbosa sp. nov. G. S. Brady & D. Robertson, Ann. Mag . nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 3,

p. 367, pi. XXI, figs. 1-3 (1869) (Name pre-occupied) .

Loxoconcha baltica sp. nov. N. Hirschmann, Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn., vol. 35, p. 294,

figs. 11, 12 (1909).

Elofsonia baltica (Hirschmann); C. W. Wagner, Sur les Ostracodes du Quaternaire recent des

Pays-Bas et leur utilisation dans 1 ' etude gSologique des depdts holoc^nes , Mouton & Co.,

The Hague, p. 72, pi. XXXI (1957).

Syntypes: Prof. Hartmann (pers. comm.) reports that Hirschmann1 s types from the

Gulf of Finland are lost. Those of "Cythere gibbosa" from Westport,

W Irfeland and Budle Bay, Northumberland, have not been located in either

the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) or the Hahcock Mus., Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Explanation of Plate 1:37:194

; Fig. 1, 9 car., ext. It. lat.; fig. 2, car., ext. It. lat.

Scale A (100 ym ; x200) , figs. 1, 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:195 Elofsonia baltica (3 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos. 1973.1000 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:37:194, fig. 1;

PI. 1:37:200, figs. 2-4), 1973.1001 ( a* car.: Pi. 1:37:194, fig. 2),

1973.1002 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:37:196, fig.. 1; Pi. 1:37:200, fig. 1),

1973.1003 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:37:196, fig. 2), 1973.1004 (a* car.:

Pi. 1:37:196, fig. 3), 1973.1005 ( F RV: Pi. 1:37:198, fig. 1),

1973.1006 ( 9 LV: Pi. 1:37:198, figs. 2, 3), 1973.1007 ( ? LV:

Pi. 1:37:198, fig. 4). Recent; living at the time of collection. From

sediment and green-algal mats in brackish-water (14 %0 ) , Abbotsbury

Swannery, West Fleet, S England (approx, long. 2°36'W, lat. 50°39'N).

Coll, author, August, 1969.

Diagnosis: Dorsal margin slopes strongly behind anterior cardinal angle; reticulate

ornament very faintly developed. Central region of carapace variably

punctate .

Explanation of Plate 1:37:196

Fig. 1, 9 car., ext. vent.; fig. 2, 9 car., ext. dors.; fig. 3, a* car., ext. dors.

Scale A (100 ym ; *135) , figs. 1-3.

Elof sonia baltica (4 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:196

■•»~7

; Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:194

Elof sonia baltica (2 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:197 Elof sonia baltica (5 of 8)

Remarks: Name: The first description of this species was made by Brady & Robertson

under the name of Cy there gibbosa. Hirschmann was unaware of this

citation, as were apparently all subsequent workers. There is no doubt

that the two are conspecific, but the senior name is pre-occupied by

Cy there gibbosa Milne-Edwards , 1840 ( Histoire Naturelle de Crustaces ,

Libr. Encyclop. de Boret, Paris, vol. 3, p. 408), a little known junior

synonym of Cytherura gibba (O. F. Muller, 1785) , and therefore the name

baltica must be used. Specimens labelled C. gibbosa, from British and

Scandinavian waters, are in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.): Norman Coll.

(1911.11.8), nos. M. 3195-3200; also 1900-3-6-201/204 (including soft-part

dissections) .

Hinge: The hinge of E. baltica (Pi. 1:37:198, figs. 1-3) is unusual. The

anterior and median elements of the left valve are confluent, the long

smooth median bar being produced into a slightly thinner crenulate ridge at

the anterior end. There is a posterior arcuate socket. The crenulation on

the anterior element of the hinge occurs only on the dorsal surface (i.e.

in the horizontal plane) (see Pi. 1:37:198, fig. 3). Right valve with

median shelf to accommodate bar of left valve and with anterior crenulate

socket, but without distinct posterior positive element to fit socket of

left valve.

Explanation of Plate 1:37?198

Fig. 1, cf RV, int. lat. ; fig. 2, ? LV, int. lat. ; fig. 3, ? LV, dors, view of ant. hinge

line showing crenulations ; fig. 4, ? LV, int. muse. sc.

;; Scale A (100 ym ; xl60) , fig. 1; scale B (100 ym ; *180) , fig. 2; scale C (10 ym ; *1000) ,

fig. 3; scale D (50 ym ; x460) , fig. 4.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:199 Elof sonia baltica (7 of 8)

Remarks (contd.) : Pores: Elof sonia baltica has two types of sieve-pores: type (i) closed

by an elongate (often slit-like) plate, either flush or slightly

excavated (Pi. 1:37:200, figs. 3, 4); and type (ii) with rounded sieves,

the pore being surrounded by a ring of mound-like papillae (Pi. 1:37:200,

fig. 2). The openings of the marginal pores along the venter, m contrast,

are simple, and lack the sieve plates of the normal pores (see

PI. 1:37:200, fig. 1).

Ecology: A benthonic species, restricted to shallow brackish-waters;

common in estuaries.

Distribution: NW Europe. Living records occur from the Archachon Basin,

SW France (author's coll.) to N Norway (Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Coll.),

including the Baltic.

Stratigraphic Range: Pleistocene - Recent.

Explanation of Plate 1:37:200

Fig. 1, 2 car., simple pore (on venter). Figs. 2-4, ? car., sieve pores: fig. 2, type (ii) ,

ant. region; fig. 3, type (i) , post. dors, region; fig. 4, type (i) , mid-dors, region.

Scale A (10 ym ; x2200) , fig. 1; scale B (10 ym ; xi800) , fig. 2; scale C (10 ym ; xi900) ,

fig. 3; scale D (10 ym ; x2000) , fig. 4.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:200

Elof sonia baltica (8 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:37:198

Elof sonia baltica (6 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:38:201-204 (1973) Elof sonia pusilla (1 of 4)

595.337.14 (119.9) (261.248:161.010.56): 551.35 (24.08.11) +552.51

ON ELOF SON I A PUSILLA (BRADY AND ROBERTSON)

by John E. Whittaker

(British Museum (Natural History) 3 London)

Elof sonia pusilla (Brady and Robertson, 1870^

Loxoconcha pusilla sp. nov. G. S. Brady & D. Robertson, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 4,

vol . 6, p. 23, pi. VIII, figs. 1-3 (1870).

Elof sonia pusilla (Brady & Robertson) ; C. W. Wagner, Sur les Ostracodes du Quaternaire

recent des Pays-Bas et leur utilisation dans 1 ' etude geologique des depots holocbnes ,

Mouton & Co., The Hague, p. 73, pi. XXXII (1957).

Lectotype: (here designated) The syntypes are housed in faunal slides in the

Hancock Mus . , Newcastle-upon-Tyne. A lectotype ( 2 LV) has been chosen

from slide W, line 2. It has been placed under a separate cover but is

not figured in this paper.

Type locality: Montrose Basin, E Scotland.

Explanation of Plate 1:38:202

Fig. 1, 2 car., ext. It. lat. ; fig. 2, o' car., ext. It. lat.

Scale A (100 ym ; xl80) , figs. 1, 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:38:203 Elof sonia pusilla (3 of 4)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos. 1973.1008 ( 2 car.: Pi. 1:38:202, fig. 1;

PI. 1:38:204, figs. 1, 2), 1973.1009 ( d" car. : Pi. 1:38:202, fig. 2),

1973.1010 ( c? RV: Pi. 1:38:204, fig. 3), 1973.1011 ( cf LV: Pi. 1:38:204,

fig. 4). Recent; living at time of collection. From sand in 11 m of

water, salinity 30 %n . Ebeltoft Bay, Jutland, E Denmark (approx, long.

10°36'E, lat. 56°10'N). Coll, by Dr. N. O. Jorgensen, Mineralogisk Mus.,

Copenhagen, to whom thanks are due for the donation of the material.

Diagnosis: Dorsal and ventral margins nearly parallel; posterior extremity of

carapace around mid-height. Valves covered with papillae; slightly

larger papillae being arranged in rows to form a reticulate ornament.

Remarks: Adults slightly larger (c. 0.50 mm long) than E. baltica (Hirschmann)

(see Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 193-200, 1973).

Hinge as in E. baltica except that posterodorsal selvage of right valve

is more prominently developed as positive terminal element of hinge.

Ecology: A marine benthonic species living typically on sand substrates.

Extends into brackish water in the Gulf of Finland (Hagerman, 1967,

Commentat. biol., vol. 30, p. 6). Found only in NW Europe.

Stratigraphical Range: Pleistocene-Recent.

Explanation of Plate 1:38:204

Figs. 1, 2, 2 car., detail of ant. dors, region; fig. 3, d* RV, lat. view of hinge; fig. 4,

cf LV, lat. view of hinge.

Scale A (50 ym ; x3]_0) , fig. 1; scale B (25 ym ; x620) , fig. 2; scale C (100 ym ; x]_80) ,

figs. 3, 4.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:38:204 Elof sonia pusilla (4 of 4)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:205-212 (1973) Theriosynoecum wyomingense (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (116.23) (787:162.107.43): 551.312+552.51

ON THERIOSYNOECUM WYOMINGENSE (BRANSON)

by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley

(University of Leicester 3 England)

Genus THERIOSYNOECUM Branson, 1936

Morrisonia Branson, J. Paleont. , vol. 9, p. 521 (1935) ( non Morrisonia Grate, 1874)

Type-species (original designation): Morrisonia wyomingensis Branson, 1935

Diagnosis: Two dorsal sulci extend downwards from dorsal border to mid carapace.

Shell punctate or reticulate, sometimes smooth in certain areas,

ornamented with large hollow protuberances (tubercles or ridges) .

Remarks: Close to Bisulcocypris Pinto & Sanguinetti, 1958, but the tubercles in

that genus are less pronounced. Perhaps Bisulcocypris should be regarded

as a subgenus of Theriosynoecum. The name " Theriosynoecum " (Greek,

"companion of monsters") is singularly appropriate. The genus is

restricted to freshwater sediments, and often accompanies the remains of

dinosaurs.

Explanation of Plate 1:39:206

Fig. 1, c* car., LV ext. lat. (specimen 1470 ym long); fig. 2, ? car., LV ext. lat.

(specimen 1150 ym long) .

Scale A (1 mm ; *56) , fig. 1; scale B (1 mm ; *70) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:207 Theriosynoecum wyomingense (3 of 8)

Remarks (contd.): Pinto & Sanguinetti (op. cit. p. 76) seem to have been mistaken

in supposing that Theriosynoecum is a marine genus confined to

the Middle Jurassic. It ranges from Middle Jurassic (Bathonian:

T. bathonicum ) to Lower Cretaceous (Wealden: T. fittoni ) and seems

always to be associated with freshwater fossils.

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (Branson, 1935)

Morrisonia wyomingen_sis sp. nov. Branson, J. Paleont. , vol. 9, p. 521, pi. 57, figs. 17-21

(1935).

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (Branson); Branson, J. Paleont., vol. 10, p. 323 (1936).

Theriosynoecum wyomingensis (Branson); Pinto & Sanguinetti; Esc. Geol . Porto Alegre, publ.

esp. no. 4, pp. 73, 74, pi. 1, figs. 7a-d; pi. 2, fig. 7a (1962).

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (Branson); Sohn & Anderson, Palaeontology, vol. 7, text-figs, lg,

j (1964).

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (Branson); Branson, Okla. Geol. Notes, vol. 26, pp. 88-93,

figs. 1-5 (1966).

Lectotype: Designated by Pinto & Sanguinetti (1962, op. cit., p. 74), University of

Missouri collection MU 6656A ( car.).

Type locality: Fossiliferous sandy lens in Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) 3 miles

S of Mayoworth, Wyoming, U. S. A. (SW \ SW \ NE \ sec. 14, T.44N, R.83W,

Johnson County; long. 106°45'W, lat. 43°50'N).

Explanation of Plate 1:39:208

Fig. 1, y car., RV ext. lat. (specimen 1413 ym long); fig. 2, ? car., RV ext. lat.

(specimen 1275 ym long) .

Scale A (1 mm ; *58) , figs. 1, 2.

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (4 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:208

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:206

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (2 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:209 Theriosynoecum wyomingense (5 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos. 10 5551 ( <f car.: PI. 1:39:206, fig. 1),

10 5552 ( $ car.: Pi. 1:39:206, fig. 2), 10 5553 ( o’ car. : Pi. 1:39:208,

fig. 1), 10 5554 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:39:208, fig. 2), 10 5555 ( car.:

PI. 1:39:210, fig. 1), 10 5556 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:39:210, fig. 2), 10 5557

( c* car. : Pi. 1:39:212, fig. 1), 10 5558 ( 9 car.: Pi. 1:39:212, fig. 2).

All from the type locality.

Diagnosis: Pronounced curved, reticulate ventro-lateral ridge in mid-half of

carapace, concave upwards. Two pronounced dorso-lateral protuberances in

posterior half of carapace: the more anterior a curved reticulate ridge,

vertically placed, concave towards posterior; the more posterior a

reticulate, more or less equidimensional tubercle.

Remarks: A remarkable sexual dimorphy, the presumed females much shorter than

males, with posterior quarter apparently aborted. No similar dimorphy

has been noted in other species of the genus.

Associated in type locality with freshwater Bivalvia, Gastropods,

Charophytes, and other species of ostracods.

The Morrison dinosaurs include Ornitholestes , Allosaurus , Brontosaurus ,

Diplodocus , Stegosaurus and Camptosaurus .

Distribution: Morrison Formation of Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota and Colorado.

Apparently restricted to Salt Wash (basal) member of the Morrison

Formation (see Sohn & Peck, Bull . U. S.'geol. Surv. 1161-A, 1963).

Explanation of Plate l:39r210

Fig. 1, d" car., dors, (specimen 1475 ym long); fig. 2, 9 car., dors, (specimen 1100 ym long).

Scale A (1 mm ; *56) , fig. 1; scale B (1 mm ; *75) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:211 Theriosynoecum wyomingense (7 of 8)

Acknowledgement : Figured specimens collected and presented by Dr. C. C. Branson.

Explanation of Plate 1:39:212

Fig. 1, o" car., vent, (specimen 1400 ym long); fig. 2, 9 car., vent, (specimen 1175 ym long).

Scale A (1 mm ; *60) , fig. 1; scale B (1 mm ; x71) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:210

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (6 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:39:212

Theriosynoecum wyomingense (8 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:213-220 (1973) Theriosynoecum fittoni (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (116.311) (422.8:162.002.50): 552.52

ON THERIOSYNOECUM FITTONI (MANTELL)

by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley

(University of Leicester > England)

Theriosynoecum fittoni (Mantell, 1844)

Cypris fittoni sp. nov. G. Mantell, Medals of Creation, London, vol. 2, p. 545, pi. 119,

fig. 2 (1844) .

Gomphocythere berwickensis sp. nov. Martin, Senckenbergiana , vol. 22, p. 344, pi. 12, figs.

176-181, text-figs. 1, 2; p. 340, pi. 6, figs. 95-97; pi. 7, figs. 98-100 (1940).

Theriosynoecum fittoni (Mantell); I. G. Sohn & F. W. Anderson, Palaeontology, vol. 7, p. 73,

i text-figs . la-f, h, i, 3, 4; pi. 15, figs. 1-35 (1964).

Lectotype: Geol. Mus., London, Mik (M) 1905001.

Type locality: Punfield Cove, Swanage Bay, Dorset. Weald Clay, Lower Cretaceous.

i Explanation of Plate 1:40:214

Fig. 1, <f RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1050 ym long); fig. 2, 2 RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1000 ym

; long) .

Scale A (500 ym ; *82) r fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x86) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:215 Theriosynoecum fittoni (3 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos. 10 5567 ( o* RV: Pi. 1:40:214, fig. 1),

10 5568 ( 2 RV: Pi. 1:40:214, fig. 2), 10 5569 (juv RV: Pi. 1:40:216,

fig. 1), 10 5570 (juv LV: Pi. 1:40:216, fig. 2; Pi. 1:40:218, figs. 1, 3 ) , ; ;

IO 5571 (juv LV: Pi. 1:40:218, fig. 2), 10 5572 ( 2 LV: PI. 1:40:220,

fig. 1), IO 5573 ( 2 RV : Pi. 1:40:220, fig. 2). All from the Weald Clay

(Lower Cretaceous) of Compton Bay, Isle of Wight. Collected from the

N side of the anticlinal axis by Prof. P. Allen, F. R. S. , of the

University of Reading. Nat. Grid Ref.: SZ 375845; long. 1°28'W; jj

lat. 50°39'N.

Diagnosis: Ornamented from first instar with six primary hollow tubercles, four in

anterior half, two posterior. The two posterior augmented in later

instars by four additional secondary tubercles.

Explanation of Plate 1:40:216

Fig. 1, juv-1 RV, ext. lat. (specimen 800 ym long); fig. 2, juv-2 LV, ext. lat. (specimen

625 ym long) .

Scale A (250 ym ; ><99) fig. 1; scale B (250 ym ; xi29) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:214

Theriosynoecum fittoni (2 of 8)

Theriosynoecum fittoni (4 of 8)

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:216

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:217 Theriosynoecum fittoni (5 of 8)

Remarks: Sohn & Anderson (op. cit.) have shown how the number and style of

tubercles alter during growth, and vary between dimorphs. The present

SEM study substantiates their work.

T. fittoni is quoted as "brackish" by Sohn & Anderson (op. cit.)

and has been listed as "S-phase" by Anderson (1967, Bull. geol. Surv. Gt

Brit., no. 27, pp. 171-269). Anderson used this term to denote faunas

characterised by ostracods of genera other than Cypridea , and believes

that these represent more saline conditions. This interpretation is

somewhat equivocal.

The associated dinosaurs of the Wealden Beds include Iguanodon

mantelli (the first dinosaur ever to be described) , Camptosaurus and

Hypsilophodon. G. A. Mantell (1790-1852) was the discoverer both of

Theriosynoecum fittoni and Iguanodon mantelli.

Distribution: "Common everywhere in the more saline phases of the Weald Clay, but

especially abundant in the highest beds" (Anderson, 1967, op. cit.,

p. 258) . The Weald Clay forms the upper division of the Wealden Beds of

Britain. T. fittoni has not been" recorded from the lower division (the

Hastings Beds) .

Explanation of Plate 1:40:218

Figs. 1-3, juv-2 LV, ext. lat. , tubercles.

Scale A (200 ym ; x300) , figs. 1, 2; scale B (50 ym ; *900), fig. 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:219 Theriosynoecum fittoni (7 of 8)

Explanation of Plate 1:40:220

Fig. 1, ? LV, int. lat. (specimen 1000 ym long); fig. 2, ¥ RV, int. lat. (specimen 1050 ym

long) .

Scale A (500 ym ; *85) / fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; *84) r fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:218

Theriosynoecum fittoni (6 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:40:220

Theriosynoecum fittoni (8 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:221-228 (1973) Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (116.222) (425.72:162.002.51): 551.312+552.52

ON THERIOSYNOECUM KIRTLINGTONENSE BATE

by R. H. Bate

(British Museum ( Natural History-) 3 London)

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense Bate, 1965

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense sp. nov. R. H. Bate, Palaeontology, vol. 8, pt. 4, p. 754.

pi. 110, figs. 1-11; pi. Ill, fig. 1 (1965).

Holotype : Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) io 2720, ? LV.

Type locality: Wychwood Beds (Bathonian) , Old Cement Quarry, Kirtlington, Oxfordshire;

Nat. Grid Ref.: SP 495200.

Explanation of Plate 1:41:222

Fig. 1, <f LV, ext. lat. (specimen 1.05 mm long); fig. 2, ? LV, ext. lat. (specimen 1.03 mm

; long) ; fig. 3, juv RV, ext. lat. (specimen 0.63 mm long).

Scale A (250 ym ; *62), figs. 1, 2; scale B (250 ym , x70) , fig. 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:223 Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (3 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) IO 5956 ( LV: PI. 1:41:222, fig. 1;

PI. 1:41:228, fig. 4), IO 5957 ( ? LV: PI. 1:41:222, fig. 2), 10 5958

(juv RV: PI. 1:41:222, fig. 3), 10 5959 ( ? RV: Pi. 1:41:224, fig. 1),

10 5960 ( ? RV: Pi. 1:41:224, fig. 2), IO 5961 (juv LV: PI. 1:41:224,

fig. 3), IO 5962 ( RV: Pi. 1:41:226, fig. 1), IO 5963 ( ? RV:

PI. 1:41:226, fig. 2), IO 5964 ( ? LV: Pi. 1:41:226, fig. 3;

PI. 1:41:228, fig. 2), 10 5965 ( <f RV : PI. 1:41:228, fig. 1), 10 5966

( ? LV: PI. 1:41:228, fig. 3). All specimens from the Kemble Beds (top),

Bathonian, 3 m below the level of the holotype, Kirtlington Cement Quarry,

Oxfordshire, England; Nat. Grid Ref.: SP 495200.

Diagnosis: Theriosynoecum having 8 sites of tubercular development on each valve.

A maximum of 4 posterior and 2 anterior tubercles developed in adult

instars, remaining sites developed either as low swelling or small node

or dormant.

Explanation of Plate 1:41:224

Fig. 1, ? RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1.05 mm long); fig. 2, ? RV, int. (specimen 0.98 mm long);

fig. 3, juv LV, ext. lat. (specimen 0.70 mm long).

Scale A (250 ym ; *62), figs. 1, 2; scale B (250 ym ; *70), fig. 3.

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (4 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:224

Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:222

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (2 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:225 Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (5 of 8)

Remarks: As originally diagnosed (Bate, 1965) T. kirtlingtonense is identified by

the presence of 8 tubercles or swellings of which 3 are situated in the

anterior half and 5 in the posterior half. The degree with which the

tubercles are developed varies in intensity but not in position. In

juveniles (see Pi. 1:41:222, fig. 3) the 8 sites of tubercular

development are more equally developed than in the adult, especially in

some males where the posteroventral and the smaller posterocentral

tubercle may be missing (Pi. 1:41:224, fig. 1; P. 1:41:228, fig. 1). The

anterior tubercles are always less positively developed than are those

situated in the posterior half of the carapace. In one specimen

(Pi. 1:41:228, fig. 1) the posterodorsal tubercle is divided, this

condition has not been observed in any other individual of this species.

Individuals of T. kirtlingtonense thus show a degree of variation with

respect to the tubercles, they also exhibit ornamental variation in the

surface reticulation which in some specimens (Pi. 1:41:222, fig. 2) may

cover the entire lateral surface but which in the majority of adults is

lacking in the posterocentral region.

Explanation of Plate 1:41:226

Fig. 1, cf RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1.09 mm long); fig. 2, 2- RV, dors, (specimen 1.08 mm long);

fig. 3, 2 LV, int. muse. sc. (specimen 1.05 mm long).

Scale A (250 ym ; x62), figs. 1, 2; scale B (50 ym ; *295) , fig* 3.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:227 Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (7 of 8)

Explanation of Plate 1:41:228

Fig. 1, a* RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1.05 mm long); fig. 2, 2 LV, int. (specimen 1.05 mm long);

fig. 3, 2 LV, dors, (specimen 1.03 mm long); fig. 4, o’ LV, post. dors, tubercles (specimen

1.05 mm long) .

Scale A (250 ym ; *62) , figs 1, 2; scale B (250 ym ; x50) , fig. 3; scale C (100 ym ; X120) ,

fig. 4.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:228

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (8 of 8) i

-7 -

i Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:41:226

Theriosynoecum kirtlingtonense (6 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:229-236 (1973) Theriosynoecum bathonicum (1 of 8)

595.337.14 (116.222) (425.72:162.002.51): 551.312+552.542

ON THERIOSYNOECUM BATHONICUM SYLVESTER- BRADLEY sp. nov.

by P. C. Sylvester- Bradley

(University of Leicester 3 England)

Theriosynoecum bathonicum sp. nov.

Metacypris sp. ; Sylvester-Bradley , Geol . Mag., vol. 85, p. 367 (1948).

Theriosynoecum sp. ; Pinto & Sanguinetti , Esc. Geol. Porto Alegre, publ. esp. no. 4, pi. 2,

figs. 7b-e (1962).

Holotype: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 10 5560, 2 LV.

Type locality: Viviparus Marl, Middle Bathonian (Jurassic), Castle Barn Quarry, Sarsden,

England. Long. 1°34'W; lat. 51°54!N. Nat. Grid Ref.: SP 300226 (see

L. Richardson, 1911, Proc. Cotteswold Nat. Fid Club, 17, pp. 195-231,

exposure no. 44) .

Derivation of name: From the geological horizon "Bathonian".

Explanation of Plate 1:42:230

Fig. 1, d RV, ext. lat. (specimen 1150 ym long); fig. 2, 2 LV, ext. lat. (specimen 1125 ym

long) .

Scale A (500 ym ; x76) , figs. 1, 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:231 Theriosynoecum bathonicum (3 of 8)

Figured specimens: Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) nos. 10 5559 ( o' RV: Pi. 1:42:230, fig. 1),

10 5560 ( 2 LV: Pi. 1:42:230, fig. 2), 10 5561 ( o' car. : Pi. 1:42:232,

fig. 1), 10 5562 ( 2 car.: Pi. 1:42:232, fig. 2), 10 5563 (juv LV:

Pi. 1:42:234, fig. 1), 10 5564 (juv car.: Pi. 1:42:234, fig. 2), 10 5565

(juv LV: PI. 1:42:236, fig. 1), 10 5566 ( c" LV: Pi. 1:42:236, fig. 2).

All from type locality.

Diagnosis: Two large reticulate hollow tubercles on each valve, one below posterior

cardinal angle, the other a little below middle of posterior margin; low

smooth swelling anterior to median sulcus.

Remarks: Associated fauna includes both marine and freshwater elements. The bed is

here interpreted as freshwater in origin, with marine fossils reworked.

See discussion in Geol. Mag. vol. 85 (1948), pp. 167-171, 247, 313-315,

367; vol. 87 (1950), pp. 17-25, 228-231, and in Torrens ( Geology of the

East Midlands, Leicester Univ. Press, 1968, chapt. 13). A collection

from the type locality made in May, 1973, has yielded additional

information. The freshwater elements (several species of gastropod, and

ostracods of the genera Limnocy there , Darwinula , Timiriasevia , and

Bisulcocypris ) are accompanied by abundant T . bathonicum (including

adults and the moults of at least the last four instars) , and abundant

charophyte gyrogonites. The only certain marine elements are fragmentary

echinoid spines.

Explanation of Plate 1:42:232

Fig. 1, o' car., dors, (specimen 1125 ym long); fig. 2, 2 car., dors, (specimen 1050 ym

long) .

Scale A (500 ym ; *80) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; x75) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:230

Theriosynoecum bathonicum (2 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:232

Theriosynoecum bathonicum (4 of 8)

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:233 Theriosynoecum bathonicum (5 of 8)

Distribution: Middle Bathonian of N Oxfordshire, England. Four localities, all from

the Viviparus Marl, a member of the Sharp's Hill Beds, placed by

H. S. Torrens (op. cit. , p. 229) as in Procerites progracilis Zone:-

Castle Barn Quarry (type locality); Sharp's Hill Quarry (Richardson,

op. cit., exp. 3); Hawk-Stone Quarry, Dean (Richardson's no. 37); and

Swerford Quarry (Richardson's no. 10). Author's collection made in

1942 and 1973; the first two exposures, though now much overgrown, are

still accessible, and still yield Theriosynoecum .

T. bathonicum seems to be confined to the Middle Bathonian. Its

place in freshwater horizons in the Upper Bathonian is taken by

T. kirtlingtonense Bate (see Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, vol. 1,

pt. 3, pp. 221-228, 1973). The dinosaur characteristic of these

horizons is Cetiosaurus longus , which appears to range through the

Middle and Upper Bathonian of the Oxford district and up into the

Oxford Clay. The "Monster Bed" of Wood Eaton Quarry, Oxford (see

Palmer, Proc. Geol. Ass., vol. 84, pp. 58-59, 1973) contains both

Cetiosaurus and freshwater ostracods but no species of Theriosynoecum s.s.

It contains Bisulcocypris , but appears to be below the limit of

T. kirtlingtonense and above that of T. bathonicum.

Explanation of Plate 1:42:234

Fig. 1, juv-2 LV, ext. lat. (specimen 725 ym long); fig. 2, juv-2 car., dors, (specimen

725 ym long) .

Scale A (500 ym ; xl09) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; *113) , fig. 2.

Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 1:42:235 Theriosynoecum bathonicum (7 of 8)

Explanation of Plate 1:42:236

Fig. 1, juv-4 LV; ext. lat. (specimen 450 ym long); fig. 2, c f LV, int. lat. (specimen 1175 ym

long) .

Scale A (250 ym ; *182) , fig. 1; scale B (500 ym ; *74) , fig. 2.

STEREO-ATLAS OF OSTRACOD SHELLS

Contents, Volume 1, Part 3

1:30:161-164 On PaijenboTohella (Eopaicenborchella). malaiensis cymbula\

by N. Doruk (£0.30)

1:31:165-168 On PaigenboroheVla (Eopaijeriborchella) mouVLana\ by N. Doruk (£0.30)

1:32:169-172 On AustraLicytheve polytyca ; by R. H. Benson (£0.30)

1:33:173-176 On Patagonacy there devexa ; by R. H. Benson (£0.30)

1:34:177-180 On Craspedobolbina (Mitvobeyriohia) irmpendens’.,

by David J. Siveter (£0.30)

1:35:181-188 On HapZooytherddea debilis ; by M. C. Keen (£0.60)

1:36:189-192 On HccpZocythevidea mantelli ; by M. C. Keen (£0.30)

1:37:193-200 On Elofsonia baltioa ; by J. E. Whittaker (£0.60)

1:38:201-204 On Elofsonia pusdlla', by J. E. Whittaker (£0.30)

1:39:205-212 On Theriosynoeoum wyomingense ; by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley (£0.60)

1:40:213-220 On Therdosynoecvcm by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley (£0.60)

1:41:221-228 On Therdosynoecum kivtlingtonense ; by R. H. Bate (£0.60)

1:42:229-236 On Theriosynoeoum bathonicum ; by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley (£0.60)

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