5'f
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson !
2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller .7
3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By
S. F. Glassman
Id
4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35
5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65
6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patricio Ponce de Leon 69
7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73
8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Glassman 77
9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ). By Patricio
Ponce de Leon 1Q9
10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Glassman 127
11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson ... 173
12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams .179
13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio
MolinaR 207
14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211
15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 215
16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . , . . 24 1
REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDAGEAE)
PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON
A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUTIA BECG.
S. F. GLASSMAN
STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12
Published^by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970
Ihe libwy of the
tol ftUMMi HAU J^ftY
REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDACEAE)
PATRICK) PONCE DE LEON
Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium
Field Museum of Natural History
A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUTIA BECC.
S. F. GLASSMAN
Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum of Natural History
Professor of Biological Science, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle
STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
Supervisor, Herbaria
Field Museum of Natural History
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Chief Curator, Botany
Field Museum of Natural History
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970
CONTENTS
PAGE
Revision of the Genus Vascellum (Lycoperdaceae) by Patricio Ponce de Leon . 109
A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. by S. F. Glassman 127
Studies in American Plants, II by Dorothy N. Gibson 173
Tropical American Plants, XI by Louis 0. Williams . . 179
FIELDIANA . BOTANY
Volume 32, No. 11 May 22, 1970 -Publication 1094
Studies In American Plants, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
SUPERVISOR, HERBARIA
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
During continuing studies of several allied families of plants for
the "Flora of Guatemala," our concept of the relationship of some of
these plants has changed and become quite different from that of the
botanists who proposed them. One of the more interesting discov-
eries which we have made is that five species described as Cleroden-
drum, a genus of the Verbenaceae, do not belong in that family.
Clerodendrum standleyi Moldenke (Known Geogr. Distr. Verben.
76. 1942), the type of which is Standley 73793, collected in 1940 in
the Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, is one of these plants. It
has an inflated, cupular calyx and superficially resembles some spe-
cies of Clerodendrum. Dr. Moldenke's description of the plant could
have been made without dissection of the flower. A dissection would
have shown that there are only two stamens in each flower and that
there are staminodes appearing as appendages near the base of the
filaments. The bilocular ovary would have been quite obvious upon
dissection. The numerous cystoliths in the upper leaf surfaces, in
addition to the characters mentioned previously, should have called
attention to the fact that the plant was not verbenaceous.
In working through the Acanthaceae, I have found a second spe-
cies of this plant which was described as Jacdbinia, and which is
obviously closely related to Standley 73793.
Lindau in 1904 (Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 328) described a new
genus, Trybliocalyx, with an inflated cupular calyx, based on a Guate-
malan plant, Seler 3276, collected in 1896, and ascribed to it a single
species, T. pyramidatus (I.e. 401). He assigned his new genus to his
Graptophyllineae, based on pollen characters. Dr. W. T. Stearn, of
the British Museum, who is presently studying West Indian Acan-
thaceae, was kind enough to make electron microscope photographs
of pollen samples of both Standley 73793 and Purpus 604.9 (the type
of Jacobinia albicaulis Brandegee). They show (Figs. 1, 2) that the
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-26374.
173
174
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
FIG. 1. Electron microscope photograph of pollen of Clerodendrum standleyi
Moldenke, X 2400.
pollen of these plants is 3-porous and characteristic of that of Acan-
thaceae-Odontoneminae in Lindau's classification (Engler & Prantl,
Pflanzenf. IV. 36: 334. 1895), but no genus in that group has an in-
flated, cupular calyx. However, as Bremekamp has pointed out
(Rec. Trav. bot. Ne"erl. 35: 134 and 137. 1935 and 37: 295. 1940), the
pollen grains of some species of Odontonema itself show the structures
typical of Lindau's Graptophylleae. Bremekamp therefore included
the Graptophylleae in his Odontonemeae.
The type material of T. pyramidatus Lindau, which was deposited
in Berlin, was lost and no duplicate specimens have become available
for examination. However, as Trybliocalyx is easily distinguished
from all other genera of the Acanthaceae known to me by its inflated,
cupular calyx, I believe that C. standleyi Moldenke is a synonym
of T. pyramidata, and that Purpus 604.9 is sufficiently distinct to
warrant specific recognition. The appropriate combination is made
below.
GIBSON: STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II 175
FIG. 2. Electron microscope photograph of pollen of Jacobinia albicaulis
Brandegee, X 2000.
The four remaining species which were described in Clerodendrum
belong in other families; three are transferred to a newly described
genus in the Scrophulariaceae which appears in this issue of Fieldi-
ana: Botany. The fourth one is based on inadequate material and
the family to which it belongs is not recognized.
ACANTHACEAE
Trybliocalyx pyramidatus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4:
401. 1904. Clerodendrum standleyi Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distr.
Verben. 76. 1942.
Guatemala: Huehuetenango, near Nenton, in thickets, Seler 3276
(type); Zacapa, alt. 500-660 m., Standley 73793 (type of Cleroden-
drum standleyi, NY; F; US).
Shrubs, the branches bifariously pubescent; leaves lance-ovate to lance-oblong,
6-15 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to the base, pubescent
or glabrate, usually pubescent on costa and veins beneath, cystoliths abundant
176 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
on upper surface, lateral veins 9-12 pairs; inflorescences cymose, becoming pa-
niculate, terminal, often longer than the leaves, usually leafy at the base, bracts
2-5 mm. long, linear-acuminate or subulate, pubescent, peduncles and pedicels
pubescent, the pedicels 5-15 mm. long; calyx cupular, inflated, more or less pubes-
cent, more densely so near the base of the tube, the tube 4-6 mm. long, 6-9 mm.
broad, the 5 lobes 4-6 mm. long, unequal, triangular, acute; corolla lilac to bluish-
purple, glabrous, the tube 10-14 mm. long, the limb bilabiate, the lobes unequal,
5-9 mm. long, rounded; stamens included, rising to a point well below the throat,
filaments inserted at about the middle of the corolla tube, anthers 2-3 mm. long,
both sacs muticous at the base; posterior staminodes about 0.5 mm. long, appear-
ing as appendages at the base of the filaments; style at maturity 10-11 mm. long,
pubescent; fruits unknown.
Trybliocalyx albicaulis (Brandegee) D. Gibson, comb. nov. Ja-
cobinia albicaulis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 4: 386. 1913.
Mexico: Vera Cruz, Purpus 6049 (type, UC; F).
Trybliocalyx albicaulis differs from T. pyramidatus Lindau in its
glabrous peduncles and pedicels, essentially glabrous calyces with
acuminate lobes, smaller flowers (calyx 6-9.5 mm. long, corolla 12-
18 mm. long), and stamens that reach a point above the throat of
the corolla.
VERBENACEAE
Aegiphila martinicensis f. falcata (Donn.-Sm.) D. Gibson,
comb. nov. A. falcata Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 18: 7. 1893.
Southern Mexico to Panama, 150-800 meters.
Differs from A. martinicensis in its larger leaves, 14-30 cm. long,
6-14 cm. broad, which are usually more abruptly acuminate, and in
its often more conspicuously thickened and flattened nodes of the
branchlets, at least in the inflorescence. Although specimens deter-
mined to be A. falcata, with very large leaves, can easily be separated,
close examination reveals no differences in inflorescence, calyx, or
corolla. There are intermediate specimens from Mexico and from
southern Central America (variously determined by Moldenke) with
some leaves as large as these, with some much smaller, and with
branchlets not broadly thickened at the nodes. It therefore appears
that certain robust plants represent only a large-leaved form and
do not deserve specific or varietal rank.
Citharexylum guatemalense (Moldenke) D. Gibson, comb. nov.
C. hirtellum var. guatemalense Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 113. 1968.
GIBSON: STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II 177
Although known only from two collections, Steyermark 4.1818, the
type (NY), and Steyermark 4.1816 (F), both from Izabal, Guatemala,
this plant differs in so many respects from C. hirtellum that elevation
to specific rank is justified. The calyx and corolla resemble in size
those of the long-styled form of C. hirtellum', however, the style of
C. guatemalense is only 2-3 mm. long instead of 4-5 mm.; the calyx
differs in its conspicuous 5 lobes; the leaves of C. guatemalanese are
consistently larger, 10-20 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, and they are pilose
along the costa and veins, with hairs to 1 mm. long. In the latter
case, as well as in the conspicuously 5-lobate calyx, C. guatemalense
appears more like C. cooperi Standley, but it lacks the branching,
paniculate inflorescences of C. cooperi.
Publications 1092, 1093, 1094 and 1095
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA