8IOLOGX
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 32
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson 1
2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller 7
3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By
S. F. Glassman 13
4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35
5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65
6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patricio Ponce de Leon 69
7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73
8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Glassman 77
9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ) . By Patricio
Ponce de Leon 109
10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Glassman 127
11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson 173
12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams 179
13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio
Molina R 207
14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211
15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 215
16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 241
nc
TWO NEW GUATEMALAN TOURNEFORTIAS
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
A NEW MEMBER OF MORGANELLA
PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON
A NEW ODONTOGLOSSUM FROM NICARAGUA
ALFONSO H. HELLER
STUDIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART. II
S. F. GLASSMAN
BIOLOGY U8RAM
101 BURRILL
t
i
1 9 1979
^. Ul L.OIIO -
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 5, 6, 7, 8
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
AUGUST 11, 1969
TWO NEW GUATEMALAN TOURNEFORTIAS
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
Supervisor of the Herbarium
Field Museum of Natural History
A NEW MEMBER OF MORGANELLA
PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON
Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium
Field Museum of Natural History
A NEW ODONTOGLOSSUM FROM NICARAGUA
ALFONSO H. HELLER
Associate, Field Museum of Natural History
STUDIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART. II
S. F. GLASSMAN
Research Associate, Palms
Field Museum of Natural History
and
University of Illinois, Chicago Circle
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 5, 6, 7, 8
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
AUGUST 11, 1969
Printed with the Assistance of
The Frederick R. and Abby K. Babcock Fund
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
CONTENTS
Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias by Dorothy N. Gibson 65
A New Member of Morganella by Patricio Ponce de Leon 69
A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua by Alfonso H. Heller 71
Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II by S. F. Glassman 75
FIELDIANA . BOTANY
Volume 32, No. 8 August 11, 1969 Publication 1073
Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II
S. F. GLASSMAN
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN PALMS, FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, CHICAGO CIRCLE
As the revisional study of Syagrus progresses, new information
accumulates. This work is a continuation of another article bearing
the same title (Glassman, Fieldiana: Botany 31 : 363-397. 1968). Ex-
amination of recent collections, especially, from the Bailey Hortor-
ium and the U. S. National Herbarium plus my own collections from
Brazil has revealed some interesting results. This research has been
supported by N.S.F. grant no. GB-6899.
One of the most perplexing problems in studying the genus Sya-
grus has been the clear distinction between S. flexuosa (Mart.) Becc.
and S. campestris (Mart.) Wendl. Both species were originally de-
scribed by Martius in 1826 under the genus Cocos. Examination of
the lectotypes of each taxon from Munich (figs. 1 and 2), both col-
lected by Martius, reveals certain basic differences. In S. flexuosa
the middle pinnae are up to 7 mm. wide with slightly oblique tips
and the female flowers are 19-20 mm. long; whereas the middle
pinnae are up to 13 mm. wide with strongly oblique tips, and the
female flowers are only 15-17 mm. long in S. campestris. Study of
other collections of these two taxa seemed to indicate that there were
probably two entities based on size of female flowers, but differences
in the width and the tips of the middle pinnae were not as evident.
I attempted to use other key characters, such as size of spathes and
size of spadix branches, but these, too, were unsatisfactory. It was
not until recently, when I compared the habit (both frequently
growing in clumps) and the geographic distribution of the two taxa
(both have been reported from the states of Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais,
Goyaz, Bahia, and Matto Grosso in Brazil), that I realized they may
be conspecific. Further study revealed that the width and apices of
the middle pinnae are very variable in some populations. In Glass-
man & Gomes 8044 to 8051 (CHI) inclusive, collected in Lagoa
Santa, Minas Gerais, the maximum width of the pinnae ranges from
5-10 mm. and the tips are largely oblique in younger leaves, whereas
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-92472
11
FIG. 1. S.fiexuosa. Lectotype of Cocos flexuosa. Martins s.n. (M).
78
FIG. 2. S. flexuosa. Lectotype of Cocos campestris. Martins s.n. (M).
79
,«~*t.~C«'
,\.— •
FIG. 3. S. flexuosa. Isotype of Cocos urbaniana. Glaziou 15558 (C).
80
CLASSMAN: SYAGRUS MART, II 81
the older leaves have pinnae with symmetrical or oblique tips on the
same leaf. In other collections, however, the mature leaves may have
pinnae with either all symmetrical or all oblique tips on the same
plant. In another example collected from the state of Goyaz, Glaziou
22261 (C, F, FI, G, K, MO, P, US), the pinnae vary from 5 mm. to
15 mm. wide in different specimens.
Length of female flowers is also quite variable. Examples are
Glaziou 22261, in which the flowers are 12-13, 17-18, 15-20, and 17-
20 mm. long on different spadix branches; and Glaziou 20026 (C,K),
from Minas Gerais, the flowers being 15-17 and 17-20 mm. long.
Cocos urbaniana Dammer, (Glaziou 15558 — P, holotype; C,F,FI,
K,MO) undoubtedly belongs here, too (fig. 3). Type specimens
resemble the lectotypes of both C. campestris and C. flexuosa. The
pinnae are 8-11 mm. wide with strongly oblique tips and the female
flowers are 13-17, 15-17, and 19-22 mm. long on different spadix
branches.
In view of the fact that C. campestris and C. flexuosa were both
described by Martius in the same publication in the same year, the
problem is which name to use. C. flexuosa was described on p. 120
and C. campestris on p. 121, therefore I am selecting C. flexuosa as
the earlier name.
Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc., L'Agric. Colon. 10: 466. 1916.
Cocos flexuosa Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 120, t. 64, 86. 1826. C.
flexuosa var. cataphracta Mart., I.e. 120. 1826. C. flexuosa var. densi-
flora Mart., I.e. 120. 1826. C. campestris Mart., I.e. 121, t. 87.
1826. S. campestris (Mart.) Wendl., Index Palm. 17, 1854. C.
urbaniana Dammer, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 22. 1902. S. urbaniana
(Dammer) Becc., L'Agric. Colon. 10: 468. 1916.
The following is an emended description of S. flexuosa, based on
more than 50 numbers examined by me.
Palm 2.0-4.5 m. tall, trunks frequently in clumps. Naked petiole
up to 37 cm. long, sheathing base up to 31 cm. long, edges deterior-
ating into separate fibers; rachis of leaf up to 106 cm. long, up to 79
pairs of pinnae, mostly in clusters of 3-4 (2-5), glaucous or eglaucous
on both surfaces, middle ones up to 36 cm. or more long, 5-16 mm.
wide, with oblique or acuminate tips; expanded part of spathe up to
48 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, branched part of spadix up to 44 cm.
long, branches up to 18 or more in number, each branch up to 36 cm.
long; male flowers 5-10 mm. long on upper part, 10-16 mm. long on
lower part; female flowers 12-22 mm. long, 6-9 mm. wide; mature?
82 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
fruit 3.0-4.3 cm. long and 1.5-1.7 cm. in diameter, with beak up to
6 mm. long, endocarp cavity mostly regular in outline, endocarp
3-3.5 mm. thick; complete seed not seen.
Another group of related species which present a problem in
identification are Syagrus sancona Karsten and S. tessmannii Burret.
S. sancona was originally described from Colombia in 1857, Karsten
s.n. — LE, lectotype (fig. 4), and in 1866 Karsten also published an
excellent illustration of this palm. Dahlgren (in Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bot. 14 : 268. 1936) apparently assumed that Oreodoxa sancona
H.B.K. and Syagrus sancona Karsten, both described from Colombia,
were the same thing and made the following citation: Syagrus sancona
(H.B.K.) Karsten. This is incorrect for S. sancona was described by
Karsten as a new entity without any reference to the older H.B.K.
name. Consequently, Karsten's name precludes the transfer of Oreo-
doxa sancona H.B.K. to the genus Syagrus. There is no way of
determining what Oreodoxa sancona is because the brief description
is not characteristic of Syagrus and, furthermore, no illustrations
were published nor could any type specimens be found. Therefore,
I am designating Oreodoxa sancona H.B.K. as species incerta. In
addition to this, Dahlgren listed Oenocarpus sancona (H.B.K.) Spren-
gel as a synonym of Syagrus sancona Karsten. This, too, is incorrect
because it is based on Oreodoxa sancona H.B.K. In 1943, Dugand
(Caldasia 2 : 289.) followed Dahlgren's use of Oreodoxa sancona H.B.K.
as a basionym of S. sancona Karsten. He also listed Oenocarpus
iriartoides Triana as a synonym, saying that the description and
type locality of Oreodoxa sancona H.B.K. is practically identical to
this species. Here again, the description of 0. iriartoides is inade-
quate to place it in Syagrus; and since no illustrations were published
or could any type specimens be found, I am omitting this name from
the synonymy of S. sancona Karsten.
S. tessmannii Burret, on the other hand, was described from Peru
in 1933. Holotype material, Tessmann 4811 (fig. 5), consisting of
spathes, spadices, flowers, petiole, part of a leaf and a piece of wood,
is located in the Berlin herbarium. Since one palm originated from
Colombia and the other from Peru, I assumed all along that they
were distinct taxa. But, after examining a number of specimens
labelled S. sancona and S. tessmannii, I noticed a striking similarity
in the texture of the female flowers which are strongly nerved or
rugose in both species. Apparently, the only other species of Syagrus
with strongly nerved female flowers is S. ecuadorensis Becc. (fig. 6),
known exclusively from Ecuador and closely related to the two palms
FIG. 4. S. sancona. Lectotype. Karsten s.n. (LE).
83
FIG. 5A. S. sancona. Holotype of S. tessmanni. Tessmann 1^811 (B). Spathes
and spadices.
84
FIG. 5B. S. sancona. Holotype of S. tessmanni. Tessmann J^Sll (B). Part
of leaf.
85
FIG. 5C. S.sancona. Holotype of S. lessmanni. Tessmann lt.811 (B). Petiole
with sheathing base.
86
FIG. 6. S. ecuadorensis. Isotype. Eggers 15681 (K).
87
88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
above, but these flowers are only 5-6 mm. long. Further study of the
collections revealed that size (7-9 mm. long) and shape (obtuse tips)
of the female flowers, and size (3.0-3.3 cm. X 1.5-2 cm.) and shape
(ovoid and slightly beaked) of the fruit, and width of the middle
pinnae (3.8-4.5 cm.) are very similar. The most variability, how-
ever, seems to be in the shape and size of the male flowers. Flower
size may vary from 8-9, 9-10, 10-11 or 9-12 mm. in length and are
either lanceolate, ovate, or obovate in shape. Sometimes, all three
shapes are found in male flowers of the same collection. An isotype
(G) of S. tessmannii and a specimen collected from Colombia (Philip-
son, Idrobo & Fernandez 1656-BM) contain separate detached spa-
dix branches with male flowers only. Although Burret mentioned
two kinds of spadices in his description, I was still doubtful about
this characteristic because in the genus Syagrus male flowers are
normally found in conjunction with female flowers, mostly on the
lower half, and on the upper half of the same spadix branch the male
flowers occur by themselves. A collection from Venezuela, Steyer-
mark & Rabe 9651 P-BH (fig. 7), dispelled all doubt in my mind
because it contains two kinds of partially complete spadices, a larger
one with branches bearing both mature female and male flowers,
9-10 mm. long and 3-3.5 mm. wide; and a smaller one (immature?)
with branches having mostly male flowers, 8-9 mm. long and 2-
2.5 mm. wide, and a few undeveloped female flowers.
Corrected synonymy for this taxon is as follows:
Syagrus sancona Karsten, Linnaea 28: 247. 1857; Fl. Colomb.
2: 147, t. 177. 1866. Cocos sancona (Karsten) Hooker, Report Kew
1882: 72. 1884. Syagrus tessmannii Burret, Fedde Rep. 32: 106.
1933.
The following description is based on specimens examined and
combines the characteristics of both S. sancona and S. tessmannii.
Palm up to 20 m. tall, trunk up to 35 cm. in diam. at base.
Naked petiole up to about 56 cm. long, sheathing base up to 79 cm.
long; rachis of leaf up to 255 cm. long (310 cm., fide Burret), up to
163 pairs of pinnae, mostly in clusters of 2-4, middle ones 56-100 cm.
long, 3.5-4.5 cm. wide, mostly with acuminate tips; expanded part
of spathe up to 100 cm. long and 21 cm. wide; branched part of
flowering spadix (with both male and female flowers) up to 76 cm.
long, branches up to 138 in number, each up to 58 cm. long; male
flowers 7.5-11 mm. long on upper part, 9-12 mm. long on lower
part; female flowers mostly strongly nerved with blunt tips, 7-9 mm.
GLASSMAN: SYAGRUS MART, II 89
long and 6-7 mm. wide; staminate spadix (immature? and with
branches partly cut off) about 30 cm. long, branches about 25 or
more in number, each branch (detached) up to 45 cm. long; male
flowers 8-12 mm. long; branched part of fruiting spadix up to 109 cm.
long, branches up to about 100 in number, each up to 63 cm. long;
fruit 3.0-3.3 cm. long and 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, with short beak,
endocarp cavity mostly regular in outline, trivittate, endocarp 1.5-
2 mm. thick; seed 1.5-1.7 cm. long and 0.8-1.0 cm. in diameter,
cavity very narrow.
Specimens examined. — COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca, Guaduas
(Bogota), Karsten s.n. (LE, lectotype); Dept Valle, between Piedra
de Moler and Alto del Dinde, Nov. 17, 1946, Cuatrecasas 22971
(F, MO) ; Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena, dense humid forest,
Nov. 30, 1949. Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez 1656 (BM). PERU:
Middle Maranon, near Apaga, Dec. 21, 1924, Tessmann 4811 (B,
holotype — photo; G); Dept. Loreto, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Buenos
Aires, in pasture, May 6, 1960, Moore, Salazar & Smith 81+03 (BH) ;
Yarinacocha, May 7, 1960, Moore, Salazar & Smith 81+08 (BH):
Dept. San Martin, 8 km. of road from Tarapoto to Shapaja, dry
woods, May 27, 1960, Moore Salazar & Smith 8537 (BH). BRITISH
GUIANA: probably introduced, Aug. 1899, Jenman 7596 (K). TRIN-
IDAD: Port of Spain, Victoria Square, cultivated? Jan. 2, 1931,
Broadway 7909 (BM, K, S). VENEZUELA: Estado Bolivar, Cerro
Pichacho, Jan. 31, 1961, Steyermark 88913 (BH, VEN) ; Estado Bari-
nas, Socopo, rain forest along Highway 5, Aug. 25-26, 1966, Steyer-
mark & Robe 96519 (BH) ; near Barrancas, secondary forest, April 25,
1967, Wessels Boer 1762 (CHI).
Another pair of poorly defined species is Syagrus orinocensis
(Spruce) Burret, described from Colombia and S. Stenopetala Burret,
from Venezuela. The type of S. orinocensis, Spruce 1+9 — K (fig. 8),
consists of three separate leaf parts and some naked spadix branches;
whereas type material of S. stenopetala, John 1208 — VEN, holotype;
US, BH (fig. 9), is composed of separate leaf parts, spathes, and
spadices with male and female flowers, and fruiting spathes and
spadices with a few detached fruits. Even though both species were
adequately described, neither one was accompanied by an illustra-
tion. The types resemble each other in the pinnae being arranged
in loose clusters of 2-3 and 2.0-2.4 cm. wide. Fruits of the type of
S. stenopetala are unusual in that they are rather long (3.4-3.7 cm.)
and relatively narrow (1.3-1.5 cm. in diameter) with a beak about
8 mm. long; and the female flowers are only 5 mm. long and 4 mm.
>MM-n MM III < \ I l,| V
MUtri - , 'I II »
*io
IMO.. Htxix v •••' ': Sf' J»-orc.
Rfe irew. i »r. 1 tc -r. ••:
.1.-. i i >. .-
M... „ B,s,
FIG. 7. S.sancona. Portion of staminate spadix. Sieyermark &. Robe 96519 (BH).
90
CLASSMAN: SYAGRUS MART, II 91
wide. I am quite certain that both the fruits and female flowers of
the type of S. stenopetala are immature or incompletely developed
because in another collection from Venezuela, Pittier 9154 — VEN,
US, G (fig. 10), determined by Burret as this species, the fruits are
up to 3.4 cm. long and 2.2 cm. in diameter with a short beak, and
the female flowers are 7-9 mm. long and 6-7 mm. wide. Another
specimen, collected along the Rio Orinoco in Venezuela, e.g., Wur-
dach & Monachino 40852 (BH), has mature fruits and female flowers
approximately the same size and shape as above, and, in addition,
young fruits (about 1.5 cm. long) with a beak about 5 mm. long,
similar in shape to the fruits of Jahn 1208. Other specimens col-
lected along the Rio Orinoco (L. Williams 13138, 16019— F; Wessels
Boer 1873 — CHI) also have short beaked fruits which are about
3 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter. Until evidence to the contrary
can be found, I am reducing S. stenopetala to synonymy under S.
orinocensis. The most closely related species to S. orinocensis seems
to be S. allenii Classman, recently described from Colombia in Fieldi-
ana: Bot. 31: 285. 1968, but the latter taxon has wider pinnae (up
to 3.4 cm., rather than 2.0-3.0 cm.) smaller female flowers (6-7 mm.,
rather than 7-9 mm.) and smaller, more rounded fruits (2.5 cm.
long and 2.2 cm. in diameter, rather than 3.0-3.4 cm. long and 2.0 -
2.2 cm. in diameter).
Syagrus orinocensis (Spruce) Burret, Notizbl 13: 695. 1937.
Cocos orinocensis Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 161. 1869. S. steno-
petala Burret, Notizbl. 11: 322. 1932.
Palm up to 12 m. tall (18 m. — fide Spruce) and 15 cm. in diam-
eter. Naked petiole up to 74 cm. long, sheathing base up to 41 cm.
long; rachis of leaf up to 150 cm. long, up to 107 pairs of pinnae,
mostly in loose clusters of 2-3 or single, middle ones up to 56 cm.
long, 2.0-3.0 cm. wide, with acuminate or oblique tips; expanded
part of spathe up to 62 cm. long and 9 cm. wide; branched part of
spadix up to 42 cm. long, branches 40 in number, each up to 30 cm.
long; lower male flowers 10-12 mm. long and those above 7-10 mm.
long; female flowers 7-9 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide (immature — 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. wide) ; fruit up to 3.4 cm. long and 2.2 cm. in diam.,
with short beak up to 3 mm. long (immature — 3.4-3.7 cm. long and
1.3-1.5 cm. in diameter, beak up to 8 mm. long), endocarp cavity
mostly regular in outline, trivittate, endocarp 1-2 mm. thick along
side, 2.5-4 mm. thick at ends; seed 1.6-1.9 cm. long, 1.2-1.4 mm. in
diameter, cavity ovate.
FIG. 8A. S. orinocensis. Lectotype of Cocos orinocensis. Spruce J^9 (K).
Naked spadix and portion of leaf.
92
FIG. 8B. S. orinocensis. Lectotype of Cocos orinocensis. Spruce 49 (K).
Portion of leaf.
93
HEfWRK
FIG. 9A. S. orinocensis. Holotype of S. stenopetala. John 1208 (YEN).
Portion of leaf and flowering spadix with male flowers and immature female
flowers.
94
FIG. 9B. S. orinocensis. Holotype of S. stenopetala. Jahn 1208 (VEN).
Spathe and part of fruiting spadix.
95
FIG. 9C. S. onnocerm's. Holotype of S. stenopetala. Jahn 1208 (YEN).
Enlargement of single fruit.
96
FIG. 10A. A. orinocensis. Pittier 91 5 4 (G, YEN). Part of flowering spadix
with female and male flowers.
97
FIG. 10B. S. orinocensis. Pittier 915^ (G, YEN). Part of leaf.
98
FIG. IOC. S. orinocensis. Pittier 915k (G, YEN). Longitudinal and cross-
sections of fruit, and external view of upper half of fruit.
99
FIG. 11. S. cocoides. Holotype of S. brachyrhyncha. Hiibner 112 (B).
100
FIG. 12. S.pleioclada. Holotype. Werdermann 3916 (B).
101
102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Specimens examined. — COLOMBIA: In rupibus secus Mayo-
pures, June 1854, Spruce 49 (K, lectotype of Cocos orinocensis) ;
Meta, jet. of Guejar and Zanza Rivers, Aug. 19, 1950, S. G. Smith &
J. M. Idrobo 1460 (US). VENEZUELA: Dist. Federal, Puerto La
Cruz, 500 M., April 26, 1923, A. Jahn 1208 (YEN, holotype of S.
stenopetala (BH, US) ; Puerto Cabello, Oct. 28, 1916, J. N. Rose 22007
(GH) ; Carabobo, selvas de Guaremales, Dec. 10, 1920, Pittier 9154
(G, US, YEN) ; near El Cambur, March 7, 1968, J. G. Wessels Boer
2449 (CHI); Est. Bolivar, Piedra Marimare, east bank of Rio Ori-
noco, Dec. 19, 1955, Wurdack & Monachino 40852 (BH) ; Amazonas,
Sanariapo, 1942, L. Williams 16019 (F); Amazonas, Puerto Ayach-
cho, May 27, 1940, L. Williams 13138 (F, YEN) ; same locality data,
July 25, 1967, J. G. Wessels Boer 1873 (CHI) ; Yaracuy, near Nirgua,
Nov. 11, 1967, J. G. Wessels Boer 2045 (CHI).
Originally, it was reported that most of the palm material at the
Botanisches Museum in Berlin — Dahlem was destroyed during World
War II. Later it was learned that a number of specimens were
salvaged from the ruins and subsequently, I wrote Dr. Eva Potzal
inquiring about specimens of Syagrus. I was delighted to learn that
a sizeable number from this genus were saved and recently I received
photographs of these palms. The following list is divided into three
parts: 1. holotypes, 2. isotypes, and 3. other specimens.
1. HOLOTYPES
Syagrus brachyrhyncha Burret (fig. 11). Brazil: Para, Rio May-
curu, Kreis Monte Algre, Hubner 112. Specimen resembles
S. cocoides Mart, very closely. S. pleioclada Burret. (fig.
12). Brazil: Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipo, June 1932, Werder-
mann 3916. This is a very distinct species. Several collections
have since been made by others including myself. S. tessmannii
Burret. = S. sancona Karsten. Previously discussed in this
article.
Holotypes of Syagrus, originally deposited in Berlin and
which are still missing include S. microphylla Burret (Werder-
mann 3366) and S. werdermannii Burret (Werdermann 3472).
The determination of these two species is doubtful since no
other specimens have been seen.
2. ISOTYPES
S. ecuadorensis Becc. (Eggers 15681). Specimens of this
taxon also have been seen from the following herbaria: M,
holotype; K,P,US.
GLASSMAN: SYAGRUS MART, II 103
S. hoehnei Burret. (A. Gehrt 25.318— SP, holotype). A num-
ber of other collections have been made of this distinctive
species.
3. OTHER SPECIMENS
The remaining specimens of Syagrus (about 69 numbers) are
not important to the revisional study of the genus. Most of
them were collected in botanical gardens and many of these
are incomplete specimens, consisting only of fruits or portions
of leaves.
Publications 1071, 1072, 1073, and 1074
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBAN*