THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1834-1869.

———_-—

To the Public. To Members.

First Series, 5 volumes (1834-1849)......... Price £6 O O £410 O

Second Series, 5 volumes, (1850-1861)...... 8 0 0 6.0 0

Third Series, 5 volumes (1862-1869)........ 1G) 8 5 0

The Transactions for the year 1868......... L070 015 0

3 y UE ot eeccoonar LS 2S 016 6

Volume 5 of the First Series can no longer be obtained separately; the

other volumes of the First, Second, or Third Series may.

Longicornia Malayana may be obtained

Beparately a ay ae Price £2 12 0 £119 0

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may be obtained separately . . . 016 0 012 0

The Journal of Proceedings is bound up with the Transactions, but

may be obtained separately, by members gratis, by the public, price One

Shilling per sheet.

——saee

Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London,

who have paid the subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive

a copy of the Transactions for the year without further payment, and

they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the United

Kingdom.

Members and Subscribers resident in or within fifteen miles from Lon-

don, are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at half

the price to the public, which copy may be obtained on application to the

Librarian.

CONTENTS.

Explanation of the Plates . 5 : : : -

Errata : 5 4 ; ‘ 7 ; ° . :

List of Members : : : : 3 : 5 ° °

MEMOIRS.

I. Descriptions of Nine New Species of perce “t

Epwarp SAUNDERS - : :

II. Description of a New Species of Hestina. By Napa

G. Burtzr, F.L.S., F.Z.S. : : :

III. Description of a New Genus and Species of Prionide.

By Epmunp Tuomas Hiaains : : :

IV. Ona New Genus and some New Species of oe sah

belonging to the family Lucanide. By Cuas.

WATERHOUSE “ 5 2 i

Y. On Insects and Insectivorous Birds: a ah on

: the relation between the colour aa the edibility of

Lepidoptera and their Larve. By J. JenneR WEIR,

F.L.S. : : 5 - e r

VI. Remarks upon certain ages: &e., which are un-

palatable to their enemies. By A. G. faa

Fr. L.8., &. . .

VII. Descriptions of two New eS: of Papilio a nat

dor. By W. C. Hewirson, F.L.S. .

VIII. Descriptions of six New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera

from Nicaragua. By W. C. Hewirsoy, F.L.S.

IX. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon

Valley (Coleoptera, Prionides). By H. W. Barzs,

F.Z.8., Pres. Ent. Soc. . .

X.° Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in

XIII.

Europe and the adjoining countries; with a descrip-

tion of a singular New Species from Java. By R.

MacLacutayn, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc. :

Descriptions of New Species of Diurnal ear agiias

By W. C. Hewrtson, F.L.S.

Notes on Eastern Butterflies. By A. R. Wastac,

F.Z.8., V.-P. Ent. Soe. . 5

Characters of some undescribed Boedee of Phytoph aga

belonging to the families Cassidide and Hispide.

By J. 8. Baty, F.L.8. . ° : ; : ;

PAGE.

Vill

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXYV.

XXVI.

XXVII.

MEMOIRS {continued) .

A Revision of the British Species of Homalota. By

Davin SHarp, M.B. c ? 0 : S

Descriptions of new or little-known forms of Diurnal

Lepidoptera. By Antuur G. Burien, F.L.S., &e. .

Notes on’Kastern Butterflies (continued). By ALFRED

R. Wauuacz, F.Z.S., V.-P. Ent. Soc., &. :

Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Pison; and

a Synonymic List of those previously described.

By Freprrick Smirg, V.-P., late Pres. Ent. Soc.

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Exotic

Hymenoptera. By Freprrick Surg, Y.-P., and

late Pres. Ent. Soe. 2 : 3

Notes on Chalcidide ; and description of a new Species

of Megastigmus. By F. Wauxer, F.L.S.

Remarks’on the Genus Hctrephes; and descriptions of

New Exotic Coleoptera. ce J.O. ee M.A.,

F.L.S., &e. 5

Notes on Eastern Butterflies (continued). By yee ;

R. Watace, F.Z.8., V.-P. Ent. Soe., &e.

On the Australian Species of Tetracha. ee ee

Brown . c .

On the Diurnal Tape iscore: ieee in Gmelin’s

Edition of the Systema Nature. By W. F. Kirpy .

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hispide;

with notes on some previously described species.

By J.'S. Baty, F.L.S: :

New species of Coleoptera fron Chontales, aes

By H. W. Barzs, F.Z.8., Pres. Ent. Soc.

A Synopsis of the genus Clothilda. By Osperr ee

M.A., F.L.S., &e.

Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwood By

Rosert MacLacuuay, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soe. .

Proceedings for 1869 - c - 5 . :

Index . A , A 0

289

301

313

315

321

351

355

363

( 1x )

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

———s

Plate I. Fig.1. Catovantha Mouhotii

See p. 3.

2. Sternocera multipunctata Dols

3. Psiloptera Batesi p- 4.

4. Julodis eneipes p. 2.

5. Chrysaspis viridipennis : p. 4.

6. Acherusia Parrii ie Te

Tle a piliventris 5 Pos

8. Hyperantha bella p. 6.

9, Pseudhyperantha jucunda p. 6.

Plate II. Fig. 1. Ommatomenus sericatus . pe 12:

2. Acanthophorus, head and thorax.

3. Deobrachus, head and thorax.

Plate III. Fig. 1. <Aulacostethus Archeri : : = - p. 14.

= g } Chiasognathus perwianus . . p. 18.

Plate IV. Seep. 70. .

Plate V. See the Plate; and pp. 273-276.

Plate VI. See p. 311.

ERRATUM.

Page 273, line 10 from bottom, for Aglaia read Adippe.

Hist of Members

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

DECEMBER 31st, 1869.

. eS

Honorary Alembers,

Guérin-Méneville, F. E., Paris.

Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.

Lacordaire, J. T., Liége.

Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.

Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.

Pictet, J. C., Geneva.

Zeller, P. C., Stettin.

Zetterstedt, J. W., Lund.

(Two vacancies.)

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of

Election.

1866

1849 §.

1867 S.

1856

1857

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked 8. are Annual Subscribers.

Adams, Henry, F.L.S., 19, Hanover Villas, Notting Hill, W.

Allis, Thomas H., York.

Archer, F., 3, Brunswick Street, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, A.R.A., 3, Hall Road, St. John’s Wood,N.W.

Atkinson, W. S., M.A., F.L.S., Calcutta.

Babington, Professor C. C., M.A., F.B.S., &c., Cambridge.

Baly, J. 8., F.L.8., The Butts, Warwick.

Barnes, 8. J., The Poplars, Trafalgar Road, Moseley, Birming-

ham.

Barton, Stephen, 32, St. Michael’s Hill, Bristol.

Bates, Frederick, 15, Northampton Street, Leicester.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.Z.S., President, 40, Bartholomew

Road, N.W.

Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.

Beavan, Lieut. R. C., Bengal Staff Corps.

Bicknell, Percy, Beckenham, §.E.

Birt, Jacob, 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W.

Blackmore, Trovey, The Hollies, Wandsworth, 8.W.

Bladon, J., Albion House, Pont-y-pool.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.S., 203, Adelaide Road, N.W.

Bonyouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15, Rue de l’Université, Paris.

Borrer, W., M.A., F.L.S., Cowfold, Horsham.

Borthwick, Richard, Alloa, N.B.

Bowerbank, J.S., LL.D., F.R.S., &c., 2, Hast Ascent, St.

Leonards.

Boyd, Thomas, 17, Clapton Square, N.E.

Boyd, W. C., Cheshunt, Herts.

Braikenridge, Rev. G. W., M.A., F.L.S., Clevedon, Bristol.

Brown, Edwin, Burton-on-Trent.

Brown, N.E., Reigate.

Browne, Rev. T. H., M.A., F.G.8., High Wycombe, Bucks.

Burnell, E. H., 32, Bedford Row, W.C.

Butler, A. G., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 26, Brompton Square, S8.W.

Candéze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

Carey, A. D., Ahmedabad, India.

xii

Date of

Election.

1868

1867

1865

1853

1867

1857

1865

1868

1865

1867

1849

1853

1866

1837

1855

1865

1867

1849

1865

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Carrington, Charles, Westwood Park, Forest Hill, §.H.

Clarke, Alex. H., 16, Furnival’s Inn, E.C.

Clarke, C. B., M.A., F.L.8., Calcutta.

Colquhoun, Hugh, M.D., 17, Grosvenor Terrace, Glasgow.

Cooke, Benj., 119, Stockport Road, Manchester.

Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.

Cox, Herbert E., Rosenheim, Reigate.

Croker, T. F. Dillon, 19, Pelham Place, Brompton, 8.W.

Crotch, G. R., M.A., University Library, Cambridge.

Cumming, Linneus, B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.

Curzon, EH. P. R.

Dallas, W. 8., F.L.S., Geological Society, Somerset House, W.C.

Darwin, Charles, M.A., F.R.8., &c., Down, Bromley, 8...

Davidson, G. W., M.D., F.R.S.E., 13, Union Place, Edinburgh.

Davies, A. E., Ph. D., F.C.S., Victoria Chambers, St. Mary’s

Gate, Manchester.

Dawson, John, Carron, Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

De Grey and Ripon, Earl, K.G., F.R.S., &¢., 1, Carlton

Gardens, 8.W.

De Grey, Hon. Thomas, M.A., M.P., 23, Arlington Street, W.

Devonshire, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c., 78, Piccadilly, W.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

Dorville, H., Alphington, Exeter,

Doubleday, Henry, Epping.

Druce, Herbert, 1, Circus Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Duer, Yeend, Cleygate House, Esher.

Dunning, J. W., M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.8., Secretary, 24, Old

Buildings, iiinccint Inn, W.C.

D’Urban, W. 8S. M., F.L.S., 4, Queen’s Terrace, Mount Rad-

ford, Exeter.

Dutton, James, 2, Theresa Place, Hammersmith, W.

Eaton, Rey. A. E., B.A., Ashbourne.

Emerich, Gustave d’, Pesth.

Farren, W., 10, Rose Crescent, Cambridge.

Fenning, George, Lloyds, H.C.

Fletcher, J. E., Pitmaston Road, St. John’s, Worcester,

Foot, A. W., M.D., 21, Lower Pembroke Street, Dublin.

French, Dy, PL. S., &c., Chatham.

Fry, Mesnniee. F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood:

Park, §.E.

Fust, H. Jenner, jun., -M. A., Hill Court, Berkeley.

Gloyne, C. P., Jamaica. :

Godman, F. ine M.A., F.L.S., &c., Park Hatch, Godalining.

Gorham, Rev. H. §., Mecdaontl Parsonage, Burton-on-Tren

Gould, J., F.R.S., &e., 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, ae

Gray, John, Wheatfield House, Bolton, Lancashire.

Gray, John Edw., Ph.D., F.R.S., British Museum, W.C.

Green, Philip, 11, Finsbury Cireus, H.C.

| Date of

1865

1853

1846

1850

1867

1868

1864.

1846

1866

1869

1859

1865

1864

1851

1869

1843

1869

1853

1865

1866

1861

1865

1842

1861

1869

1865

1868

1869

1865

1835

1865

1849

1850

1865

1851

1858

1869

Election,

+ +A ~+N

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. xii

Greene, Rey. J., M.A., Eveline Villa, Apsley Road, Redland,

Bristol.

Groves, W., Shortlands, Kent.

Grut, Ferdinand, 9, King Street, Southwark, 8.E.

Guyon, George, Southcliff Cottage, Ventnor.

Haliday, Alex. H., M.A., F.L.8., Villa Pisani, Lucca.

Hanson, Samuel, 24, Greville Place, Kilburn, N.W.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 7, Carlstrasse, Munich.

Harper, P. H., 30, Cambridge Street, Hyde Park Square, W.

Hewitson, W. C., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Oatlands, Weybridge.

Higgins, E. T., M.R.C.S., 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Hobson, Major Julian C., A.Q.M.G., Belgaum, Bombay.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

Horne, Charles, Innisfail, Beulah Hill, $8.B.

Howitt, Godfrey, M.D., Collins Street East, Melbourne.

Hudd, A. E., Stapleton Lodge, Stapleton Road, Bristol.

Hume, William H., Orwell Works, Ipswich.

Hunter, John, 5, Kton Rise, Ealing, W.

Janson, EK. M., Las Lajas, Chontales, Nicaragua.

Janson, E. W., Librarian, 3, Vorley Road, Highgate Hill, N.

Janson, O. E., 3, Vorley Road, Highgate Hill, N.

Jekel, Henri, Paris.

Jenyns, Rey. L., M.A., F.L.8., &c., 19, Belmont, Bath.

John, Evan, Llantrisant, Pontypridd.

Jones, W. Stavenhagen, 2, Verulam Buildings, Gray’s Inn, W.C.

Keays, F. Lovell, 4, Harringay Villas, Green Lanes, N.

Kirby, W. F., Royal Dublin Society, Kildare Street, Dublin.

Knox, H. Blake, 2, Ulverton Place, Dalkey, Dublin.

Kuper, Rev. C., M.A., Trelleck, Chepstow.

Lacerda, Antonio de, Bahia.

Lang, Capt. A. M., R.E., The Elms, Brockham Green,

Reigate.

Latham, A. G., Weaste Hall, Pendleton, Manchester,

Lebour, G. A., F.R.G.S., Geological Survey Office, Jermyn

Street, S.W.

Lendy, Capt. A. F., F.L.S., Sunbury House, Sunbury, S.W.

Lewis, W. Arnold, 4, Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C.

Lier, H.H.H. van de, Delft.

Lighton, Rey. Sir C. R., Bart., Ellastane, Ashbourne.

Lingwood, R. M., M.A., F.L.8., Cowley House, Exeter.

Llewelyn, J. T. D., M.A., F.L.8., Ynisygerwn, Neath.

Logan, R. F., Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh.

Lowe, W. H., M.D., Balgreen, Murrayfield, Edinburgh.

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., F.R.S., &c., High Elms, Farnborough.

M‘Caul, S., B.C.L., Rectory House, London Bridge, E.C.

M‘Intosh, J.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.L.8., Secretary, 20, Limes Grove North,

Lewisham, 8S.E.

Marseul, L’Abbé S. A. de, 24, Rue Demours aux Ternes, Paris.

XiV

Date of

Election.

1865

1856

1865

1860

1865

1869

1865

1864

1866

1853

1859

1869

1861

1849

1868

1869

1841

1840

1854

1869

1852

1851

1867

1866

1865

1857

1869

1865

1868

1865

1866

1865

1861

1849

1865

1866

1864

1862

1868

1847

1851

1852

—b

MnAmMADIN +. wn

+t RR. + +

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Marshall, Rey. T. A., M.A., Barnstaple.

Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

Mathew, G. F., R.N., F.L.S., Raleigh House, Barnstaple.

May, J. W., 9, Victoria Road, Finchley Road, N.W.

Meek, Edward G., 4, Old Ford Road, E.

Melvill, J. Cosmo, B.A., 16, Back Square, Manchester.

Mercer, Albert, 38, Richmond Road, Islington, N.

Milnes, Rev. Herbert, Winster, Matlock-Bath.

Mniszech, Comte G. de, 22, Rue Balzac, Paris.

Moore, Frederic, 51, Oakfield Road, Penge, S.E.

Mosse, G. Staley, 12, Eldon Road, Kensington, W.

Miller, Albert, Haton Villa, Sunny Bank Road, South Nor-

wood, 8.E.

Murray, Andrew, F.L.S., 67, Bedford Gardens, Kensington, W.

Newman, Edward, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M. Imp. L. C. Acad., 7, York

Grove, Queen’s Road, Peckham, 8.E.

Newton, Professor Alfred, M.A., F.L.S., &c., Magdalene

College, Cambridge.

Oberthur, Charles (fils), Rennes.

Owen, Richard, M.D., F.R.S8., &c., British Museum, W.C.

Parry, Major F. J. Sidney, F.L.S., 18, Onslow Square, S.W.

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., Vice-President, 1, Burlington Road,

Westbourne Park, W.

Pearson, W. H., Ivy Hall, Solihull, Birmingham.

Pickersgill, J. C., Hooly House, Coulsdon, Croydon.

Preston, Rev. T. A., M.A., The College, Marlborough.

Pryer, H. J. 8., 10, Holly Village, Highgate.

Pryer, W. B., Shanghai.

Ransome, Robert James, Ipswich.

Robinson, E. W., 3, Bartholomew Road, N.W.

Robinson, W. Douglas, Kirkennan, Dalbeattie, N.B.

Rogers, W., 12, Bromell’s Buildings, Clapham, 8.W.

Rothney, G. A. J., Addiscombe.

Rylands, T. G., F.L.8., F.G.S., Heath House, Warrington.

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.L.S., &c., 32, The Grove, Boltons, 8.W.

Saunders, Edward, F.L.8., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, G. §., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, S. S., H.M. Consul General, Corfu.

Saunders, W. F., F.L.S., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, W. Wilson, F.R.S., Tr. & V.P.L.S., &c., Hill Field,

Reigate.

Schaufuss, L. W., M. Imp. L. C. Acad., &c., Dresden.

Schrader, H. L., Shanghai.

Semper, Georg, Altona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

Shearwood, G. P., Cedar Lodge, Stockwell Park, 8S.

Shepherd, Edwin, 8, Cressingham Grove, Sutton, Surrey.

Sheppard, Augustus F., Rose Bank, Eltham Road, Lee, 8.E.

Sheppard, Edward, F.L.8., 18, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.

Date of

Election.

1867

1853

1863

1850

1869

1848

1862

1837

1866

1854 §.

1850 §.

1856

1866 §.

1838

1853 «OS.

1859 +

1869

1849

1866 §.

1850

1858

1863

1866

1850

1869

1866

1869

1845

1855

1868 +

1865

1849

1863

1843

1862

1866

1865 8.

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. xV

Sidebotham, J., 19, George Street, Manchester.

Signoret, Dr. Victor, 51, Rue de Seine, Paris.

Smith, E. A, 27, Richmond Crescent, Islington, N.

Smith, Frederick, Vice-President, 27, Richmond Crescent,

Islington, N.

Smith, Henley G., Surbiton.

Spence, W. B.

Stainton, H. T., F.R.S., Sec. L.S., &¢., Mountsfield, Lewis-

ham, S.E.

Stevens, John §., 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.8., Treasurer, 28, King Street, Covent

Garden, W.C.

Swanzy, Andrew, 122, Cannon Street, E.C.

Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thompson, Thomas, Hull.

Thomson, James, 23, Rue de l’Université, Paris.

Thornborrow, W., 4, Provost Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W.

Thwaites, G.H.K., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.8., Ceylon.

Tompkins, H., 3, Colonnade, Worthing.

Trimen, Roland, Colonial Office, Cape Town.

Vaughan, Howard, 14, Gaisford Street, Kentish Town, N.W.

Vaughan, P. H., Redland, near Bristol.

Verrall, G. H., The Mulberries, Denmark Hill, 8. E.

Walker, Francis, F.L.8., Hlm Hall, Wanstead, N.E.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Trinity House, Colchester.

Wallace, Alfred R., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Vice-President, 9, St.

Mark’s Crescent, Regent’s Park, N.W.

Ward, Christopher, Halifax.

Waring, 8. L., The Oaks, Norwood, S.E.

Waterhouse, C. O., British Museum, W.C.

Waterhouse, G. R., V.P.Z.S., &¢., British Museum, W.C.

Watson, John, Rose Hill, Bowdon.

Websdale, C. G., 78, High Street, Barnstaple.

Weir, J. Jenner, F.L.8., 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath, S.E.

Were, R. B., 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, S.W.

Westwood, Professor J. O., M.A., F.L.S., &¢., Oxford.

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., Perth.

White, Rey. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire.

Wilkinson, 8. J., 16, Austin Friars, E.C.

Wix, William, Isbells, Reigate.

Wollaston, T. Vernon, M.A., F.L.S., 1, Barnepark Terrace,

Teignmouth, Devon.

Wormald, Percy C., 35, Bolton Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Wright, Professor EH. Perceval, M.A., M.D., F.L.8., &e., 10,

Clare Street, Dublin.

Young, Morris, 7, Old Sneddon Street, Paisley.

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THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR 1869,

———6

I, Descriptions of Nine New Species of Buprestide. By

EpwarpD SAUNDERS.

[ Read 4th January, 1869.]

Tue species here described belong to the genera Sterno-

cera, Julodis, Catoxantha, Ohrysaspis, Psiloptera, Pseud-

hyperantha, Hyperantha, and Acherusia.

Two of these, Chrysaspis and Pseudhyperantha, are new

genera.

Chrysaspis will, I believe, shortly be described by

M. Henri Deyrolle, whose manuscript name I have here

employed, and therefore I have assigned no characters

toit. The second, Pseudhyperantha, ‘is one of the most

anomalous insects with which I am acquainted in this

Family ; it has the form of Hyperantha, and the scutellum

of Belionota, both of which genera belong to the section

** Buprestides vrais”? of Lacordaire ; and yet it is really

referable to the “ Chalcophorides” of that author, in

which group I have placed it.

Sternocera multipunctata (Pl. I. fig. 2).

S. viridis; thorace foveolis minutis excavato; elytris

lineis quatuor fovearum albidarum ornatis; subtus

abdominis segmentis utrinque albifoveatis.

Above, bright green; elytra each with four rows of

small, round, white pubescent fove, and a larger one at

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869,—PaRT I. (APRIL). B

2 Mr. Edward Saunders on

the base, midway between the suture and the lateral

margin. Beneath, golden-green; sides of abdominal

segments, each with a round white pubescent fovea.

Head largely punctured, rugose just above the mouth.

Thorax not quite twice as broad at the base as long;

anterior margin rounded, a little more than half as long

as the base; sides rounded; base with a slight median

lobe; surface very shining, pitted with small round

foveze, filled with white pubescence. Hlytra twice as

long as wide, finely and irregularly punctate, each with

a large round white pubescent fovea at the base, and

four rows of smaller ones, none of which attain the

apex; sides slightly sinuate above the middle; apex of

each very finely bidentate; on each side above the apex

is a somewhat stronger tooth. Beneath, punctured;

breast, and each abdominal segment, with a white pubes-

cent fovea on each side ; legs punctured.

Length 163 lines; breadth 7 lines.

Hab.—Cochin China.

Allied to S. sternicornis, Linn., but differs in the pits

of the thorax being much more regular and rounder;

in the pubescent foveee of the elytra being smaller and

more numerous, and in the abdomen, each of whose

segments has a white spot on the side, which does not

exist in the Linnean species.

Julodis cenetpes (Pl. I. fig. 4).

J. cyanea ; thorace ruguloso, linea dorsali levi elevata ;

elytris punctatis, maculis albidis sagittatis ornatis :

subtus rugosa, albo-hirta; pedibus seneis.

Cyaneous. Thorax with a greenish tinge, its central

carina, and a small round spot on each side of it above

the middle, cyaneous. LHlytra each with four rows of

yellowish-white pubescent sagittate spots.

Head longitudimally rugose, pubescent, especially

about the mouth. Thorax at the base once and three-

quarters as broad as long; anterior margin rounded,

two-thirds as long as the base; sides rounded; base with

a narrow median lobe; surface rugose, a dorsal carina,

widest behind, which does not touch the base or the

anterior margin, and a small round spot on each side of

it, smooth; the surface between the rugosities yellowish-

pubescent, the pubescence especially visible near the

New Species of Buprestide. 38

central basal lobe, where it is of a whiter colour. Elytra

much wider than the thorax at their shoulders, nearly

twice as long as wide, very largely and rugosely punc-

tured, each with four raised lines, and four rows of

foveole: of sagittate form filled with whitish pubescence ;

a fifth row, of square or transverse fovex, occurs between

the fourth raised line and the lateral margin; sides

slightly sinuate above the middle; apex rounded. Be-

neath, rugose, pubescent in irregular patches. Legs

bronzy. (Antenne wanting).

Length 18 lines; breadth 7 lines,

Hab,—Kast (Persia, ?),

Catoxantha Mouhotit (H. Deyr.), (Pl. I. fig. 1).

C. viridis; capite inter oculos excavato; thorace

prope angulos posteriores testaceo, foveolis duabus

ad basin positis; elytris maculis duabus flavis orna<

tis : subtus flava; pedibus cyaneis.

Head and thorax cyaneous, the latter with a somewhat

square yellow-brown patch near each posterior angle.

Elytra green with brown reflections, each with a trans-

verse oval yellow spot, situate about a third of the entire

length of the elytra from their apex. Beneath, flavous ;

a curved black line on the breast. Legs cyaneous.

Antenne black.

Head punctured, deeply impressed between the eyes.

Thorax, at its base, not quite twice as broad as long; an-

terior margin slightly emarginate, a little more than

half as long as the base; sides sinuate till a little above

the posterior angles, then distinctly angulate and emar-

ginate to the base; posterior angles acute ; base with a

large median lobe; surface finely and remotely punc-

tured in the centre, sides rugose and impressed for two-

thirds of their length, largely punctured on the basal

third; disc with a slight dorsal line impressed at the

base, and raised near its middle; on each side of it at

the base is a large round fovea. Elytra twice and a

quarter as long as wide, finely punctured ; each with

four slightly raised lines, visible chiefly on their apical

half; sides subparallel, apex of each finely emarginate

and dentate on the suture. Underside and legs finely

punctured.

Length 31 lines; breadth 10 lines.

Hab.—Laas,

4 Mr. Edward Saunders on

Ohrysaspis viridipennis (Pl. I. fig. 5).

C. capite thoraceque atro-cyaneis, punctatis; hoc mar-

ginibus lateralibus viridibus ; elytris aureo-viridibus,

subrugulosis, apicibus denticulatis: subtus aureo-

cuprea.

Head and thorax cyaneous black, the former green

round the inner margins of the eyes, the latter with its

lateral margins green. Hlytra bright brassy-green with

golden reflections on the sides. Beneath, fiery red.

Legs green with golden reflections. Antenne with the

three basal joints green, the rest black.

Head punctured, deeply excavated between the eyes.

Thorax, at the base, once and three-quarters as broad as

long; anterior margin much raised, emarginate, a little

more than half as long as the base; sides raised, diverg-

ing in nearly straight lines for half their entire length,

then slightly angulate and subparallel to the base ; pos-

terior angles acute; base with a large rounded central

lobe ; surface punctured; disk somewhat triangularly

raised, sides very rugosely punctured. Elytra finely

and longitudinally rugose, sides slightly angulate at the

shoulders, apex of each with seven or eight teeth. Un-

derside and legs punctured.

Length 21 lines; breadth 8 lines.

Hab.—Gaboon.

Psiloptera Batesii (Pl. I. fig. 3).

P. capite thoraceque fusco-eeneis, viridi-punctatis, hoc

linea dorsali depressi ; elytris fuscis, viridipunctatis,

foveolis aureis sparsis ornatis : subtus viridis, rugosa.

Head green. Thorax bronzy-brown, thickly punctured

with green on the sides. Elytra bronzy-brown, with green

punctures at the base and sides, and with several irre-

gular round golden pubescent foveole. Underside and

legs green. Antenne with the first joint green, the rest

bronzy.

Head rugose. Thorax twice as broad at the base as

long ; anterior margin a little more than halfas long as

the base; sides diverging rapidly for about half their

length, then slightly emarginate to the posterior angles,

which are somewhat produced and acute; base with a

large shallow median lobe; surface remotely punctured

New Species of Buprestidee. 5

on the disc, and very thickly on the sides; disc with a

widely impressed dorsal line; sides slightly impressed

above the posterior angles. Elytra regularly punctate-

striate, once and three-quarters as long as wide, finely

and thickly punctured about the shoulders, with numerous

irregular golden fovez scattered over their surface; no

foveze however occur on the basal quarter ; sides slightly

sinuate above the middle; apex of each finely and

obliquely truncate. Beneath, finely rugose; legs deeply

punctured.

Length 15 lines; breadth 6 lines.

Hab.—Buenos Ayres.

I have named this species after Mr. H. W. Bates, Pres.

Ent. Soc., who kindly presented it to me.

PSEUDHYPERANTHA, 0. £.

Caput antennarum cavitatibus rotundis prope oculos

positis; antennis a tertio articulo serratis. Thoraw

postice latior. Scwtellum triangulare, elongatum.

Elytra elongata, apicibus truncatis et bidentatis.

Prosternum gibbosum. Tarsi dilati.

Head rounded in front; antennary cavities round,

situate near the eyes just above the epistome ; antennz

with the first joint elongate, subpyriform, longer than

the second and third together; the second short ; the

third rather longer and pyriform ; the rest serrate, and

with afew long hairs. Thorax short, widest at the base.

Scutellum of an elongate triangular shape, flat; in form

most like that of Belionota. Elytra widest at the

shoulders, apex of each widely truncate and bidentate.

Prosternum much rounded; apical segment of the abdo-

men very long, bidentate. Femora and tibie nearly

straight ; tarsi with the joints of equal length, dilated.

The difficulty I have experienced with this genus has

not been how to distinguish it from its allies, but to find

its allies with which I might place it. As far as I can

make out, it should be placed between Capnodis and

Cardiaspis. It resembles, in general form, the genus

Hyperantha, from §. America, but has the antennary

pores on each side of their joints, so that it will come

into the division ‘‘ Chalcophorides” of Lacordaire. This

brings it in form nearest to Capnodis, which is placed at

the end of Lacordaire’s division, and as Cardiaspis stands

6 Mr. Edward Saunders on

in my arrangement at the beginning of the “ Buprestides

vrais” of that author, and resembles this species much

in general characters, I think the present insect makes a

convenient link between the two.

Pseudhyperantha jucunda (Pl. I. fig. 9).

P. cyaneo-nigra, polita, minutissime punctata ; thorace

postice flavicincto; elytris maculis quatuor trans-

versis flavis ornatis, apicibus truncatis quadriden-

tatis: subtus flava, cyaneo-ornata ; pedibus cyaneis,

flavo-ornatis.

Black, shining, with purple reflections. Head with a —

yellow streak between the eyes. Thorax with its base

and lateral margins yellow. Elytra each with two short,

narrow, transverse bands, one situate about a third of

their length from the base, the other about two-thirds ;

there is also a small yellow spot on the lateral margin of

each elytron close to the upper band. Beneath, yellow,

posterior margins of the abdominal segments cyaneous ;

fourth segment entirely of that colour, except a small

triangular spot in its middle; apical segment wholly

blue. Thorax and breast variegated with blue. Legs

and antennz cyaneous; each thigh, beneath, with a

streak of yellow.

Head punctured. Thorax widest at the base, finely

punctured, with a larger puncture just above the scutel-

lum; anterior margin elevated, and slightly produced ;

sides rounded just above the posterior angles; base

slightly bisinuate. LElytra punctate-striate, wider than

the thorax at their base, twice and a fifth as long as wide,

slightly sinuate above the middle and again before the

apex, which is widely and obliquely truncate, and armed

on each elytron with two sharp teeth and two or three

small irregular denticulations between them. Underside,

and legs, finely punctured.

Length 102 lines; breadth 8} lines.

Hab.—Penang.

Hyperantha bella (Pl. I. fig. 8).

H. capite thoraceque nigris, punctatis, hoc marginibus

lateralibus flavis; elytris punctatis, striatis, flavis,

sutura, vitti laterali, fascia transversi post medium

pene apiceque nigris: subtus nigra, flavo-macu-

ata,

New Species of Buprestide. 7

Head and thorax black, the latter with its lateral mar-

gins flavous; scutellum black. Elytra flavous, orange-

coloured near their apex, with their suture black for two-

thirds of its length, where it is met by a transverse band

of the same colour; the apex and a vitta, extending from

the shoulder to just above the transverse post-median

band, are also black. Beneath, black, with a yellow spot

in the middle of each abdominal segment, the last ex-

cepted. Legs and antenne black.

Head punctured, impressed between the eyes. Thorax

twice as wide at the base as long; anterior margin much

produced in the centre, and rounded, half as long as the

base; sides rounded ; posterior angles acute, overlapping

the shoulders of the elytra; base nearly straight; sur-

face finely punctured, with a slightly impressed dorsal

line ; sides raised. LElytra punctate, striate, three of the

interstices on each more raised than the rest, twice and

a quarter as long as wide; sides subparallel ; apex of each

widely and obliquely truncate, armed with two short

spines. Underside, and legs, punctured, covered with

short silvery pubescence.

Length 9 lines; breadth 3 lines.

Hab.—Brazil.

Allied to H. interrogationis, but much shorter in rela-

tion to its width. The markings also are very different,

and I cannot think that any variation in the spread of

the yellow colour in interrogationis could form the mark-

ings observable on the species above described.

Acherusia Parrii (Pl. I. fig. 6).

A. nigro-cyanea; capite thoraceque punctatis ; elytris

humeris maculique utrinque prope apicem igneo-

cupreis, fortiter punctato-striatis : subtus punctata ;

pedibus punctatis.

Dark cyaneous. Elytra with a spot on each below the

base covering the shoulder, and another just above the

apex, coppery red.

Head punctured. Thorax once and three-quarters as

broad as long; anterior margin half as long as the base,

its angles closely surrounding the eyes; sides diverging

for about half their length, then rounded and very

slightly sinuate to the posterior angles, which are acute ;

base with a pointed central lobe; surface punctured,

8 Mr. E. Saunders on Buprestide.

finely and transversely wrinkled behind. Elytra once

and a third as long as wide, deeply punctate-striate, the

striae commencing at a little distance from the base,

leaving a smooth space between them and it; sides

sinuate above the middle, swelling out considerably be-

yond it; apex slightly attenuate and truncate, with a

small external tooth. Underside, and legs, deeply

punctured.

Length 4 lines; breadth 2 lines.

Hab.—Brazil.

I have named this species in honour of Major Parry,

from whose collection it was obtained.

Acherusia piliventris (Pl. I. fig. 7).

A. enea; capite thoraceque punctatis, hoc marginibus

lateralibus albipubescentibus; elytris punctato-stria-

tis, humeris roseo-cupreis, apice rotundato: subtus

dense albipubescens. :

Dark bronzy-brown, with cyaneous reflections. Hlytra

with their shoulders coppery-purple. The sides of the

thorax, and the whole underside, covered with long gray

hairs.

Head punctured, covered with long gray pubescence.

Thorax twice as wide at the base as long; anterior mar-

gin elevated, half as long as the base, its angles closely

embracing the eyes; sides rounded; posterior angles

acute; base with a pointed central lobe ; surface finely

wrinkled, and punctured transversely ; sides covered

with gray pubescence. LElytra once and a sixth as long

as wide, deeply punctate-striate ; sides sinuate above the

middle, the sinuation extending nearly across each

elytron; shoulders rather prominent; apex rounded.

Underside, and legs, densely covered with silvery-gray ©

hairs. Antenne cyaneous.

Length 4 lines; breadth 2 lines.

_ Hab.—Brazil.

(9)

II. Description of a New Species of Hestina, which

mimics a Danais. By Artuur G. Burisr, F.L.S.,

F.Z.S.

[Read 1st February, 1869.]

Tur following species has been lent me for description

by G. Waters, Esq.: it is remarkable as being an excel-

lent mimic of Danats Juventu, a widely distributed and

tolerably common Hast Indian and Oceanic species.

Fam. NY MPHALIDAL.

Gen. Hestina, Westwood.

(Dbl. and Hew. Diurn. Lep. p. 281).

Hestina Zella, sp. nov.

6. Ale supra albe, paululim virescentes ; cella dis-

coidali anticarum maculariter cinerascente ; venis

omnibus laté cinereo-nigrescentibus; ale antice

fasciolis tribus oblique transversis discoidalibus an-

gulatis nigris, unique nervulos primum et secundum

medianos connectente; margine apiceque nigres-

centibus, maculas tres subapicales et octo submargi-

nales viridi-albas includentibus ; punctis septem vel

octo marginalibus cinereis sub-obsoletis ; alee posticee

macula costali squamosa nigricante; margine externo

nigrescente, maculas octo submarginales albas punc-

taque octo marginalia alba includente; corpus ni-

grum, capite albo-punctato, thorace cinereo-albo-

striato, abdomine lateraliter albo, antennis nigris.

Ale subtus fusco-albide, area anali anticarum ceru-

lescente, venis interno-discoideis fasciolisque dis-

coideis nigris, characteribus aliis velut supra positis,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869,—PARTI. (APRIL).

10 Mr. A. G. Butler on a New Hestina.

at pallidé olivaceis ; corpus nigrum, albo-maculatum :

proboscis fulva.

Exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 10.

Habitat in Oriente (regione speciali incognita) .

This beautiful little species is most nearly allied to

Hestina Mena of Moore; it is probably intermediate

between that species and the assimilis of Linneus, and

is smaller than any species yet described ; in general form

perhaps it is most like Felder’s Japonica (Diagoras,

Hewits.).

The collection from which this butterfly was obtained

was made in various localities; it contained several

species from the Continent of India, and others from

some of the Hastern islands in which local modifications

of Danais juventa occur. On the mimetic theory, the

Hestina ought to inhabit the same country as the species

which it mimics. A specimen in the Hope Collection is

labelled “H. Indies.” —

(11)

I. Description of a new Genus and Species of Prionide.

By Epuunp Tuomas Hicerns.

[Read 15th February, 1869.)

I rrust that no apology will be considered necessary on

my part, for presenting to the Society an isolated de-

scription of a Coleopterous Insect, when it is considered

that it is remarkable in many respects, and forms a new

genus, the publication of which will help students to

understand the relationship of the allied forms more

clearly than would be possible without the knowledge of

this form. It is a member of the Longicorn family

Prionidce, and tends to connect the Acanthophorus group

(see Pl. II. fig. 2) of the Old World, with the Derobrachus

group (see fig. 3) of the New World.

OMMATOMENUS, nov. gen.

Genus Acanthophoro et Dorycere affine, a quibus differt,

inter alia, oculis (¢) infra contiguis, supra valde

approximatis.

6. Mandibule breves, minus late, extus vix rotunda-

te, apice arcuate et valde acute. Palpi breves,

maxillares labialibus vix longiores, articulis ultimis

subcylindricis, truncatis. Antenne longitudine cor-

poris, articulis 3-10 apice intus valde productis et

minutissime punctatis, opacis. Thorax transversus,

lateribus utrinque valde trispinosis; spinis duabus

anterioribus depressis, latis, basi concretis. Elytra

elongato-elliptica, angulis suturalibus spinosis. Pro-

sternum lanceolatum, apice coxas anticas superante

et deorsum spectante. Pedes graciles, femoribus lin-

earibus, tibus supra et infra profunde canaliculatis,

tarsis posticis angustis, articulo tertio lobis gracili-

bus mucronatis.

This genus is distinguished from Tithoes and Acantho-

phorus, two other genera of the same group, by its volu-

minous eyes, nearly meeting above and beneath; from

Dorycera (White) it differs in the form of the body and

prosternum, and in other characters. It presents a great

resemblance to species of Derobrachus from Mexico, both

in the form of its eyes, the spines of the thorax, and the

shape of the antennal joints.

I may remark that the formation of a new genus is

indicated, in a note under Dorycera* in Lacordaire’s

* As mentioned by Lacordaire, Mr. Adam White’s name Dorycera is

pre-occupied by Meigen for a genus of Diptera.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PaRT I. (APRIL).

12 Mr. E. T. Higgins on Ommatomenus.

** Genera,” vol. viii, p. 71, as necessary for the reception

of Acanthophorus megalops, described by Mr. Adam White

in the first part of the British Museum Catalogue of

Longicorns; this is a fine insect, from Fernando Po,

which, I have satisfied myself from examination of the

type in the British Museum, with the valuable aid of

Mr. Charles O. Waterhouse, is congeneric with the new

species described below.

OMMATOMENUS SERICATUS, n. sp. (PI. II. fig. 1).

é. Long. (mandib. exclusis) 29-34 lin.

Elongato-ellipticus, paulo convexus; saturate casta-

neus, antennis basi nigris. Caput crebre subtiliter

punctatum ; fronte concava, punctata, sericeo-fulvo-

pubescente. Thorax supra paulo inzqualis, subtiliter

punctatus, dense sericeo-fulvo-pubescens; disco an-

tico spinisque nudis. Scutellum pentagonum, in me-

dio subtiliter punctatum, marginibus levibus. Hlytra

ante medium paulorotundato-ampliata, apicem versus

angustata, angulis suturalibus breviter acuto-spinosis,

supra subtiliter coriacea, opaca et punctulata, hu-

meris punctato-rugosis ; plagis confluentibus sericeo-

fulvis ornata. Sterna omnia dense _ sericeo-fulvo-

pubescentia; abdomen nudum, nitidum, segmento

ultimo transverso, late emarginato.

The body is of an elongate elliptical shape, dilated

behind the middle of the elytra, and very moderately

convex; the colour is dark chesnut brown, with the basal

part of the antenne black. The head is finely and closely

punctured, with the front concave and clothed with silky

fulvous hairs: the hind part of the crown has not the

well-marked ridge which distinguishes Ommatomenus

megalops (White). The thorax is a little uneven above,

and very finely punctate, not rugose-punctate, as in O.

megalops. The sutural angles of the elytra are furnished

with a short acute spine; above, the elytra are of a

leathery texture, and marked with numerous very fine

punctures; there are a few coarser punctures near the

shoulders; the surface is opaque, and adorned with

numerous patches of fine silky reddish-fulvous pubes-

cence, which has a rich glow in certain lights. The

sterna are densely clothed with longish silky fulvous pile,

but the abdomen is smooth and shining.

Obtained from near the mouth of the Niger, by Mr.

Simpson.

( 13 )

IV. Ona new genus and some new species of Coleoptera,

belonging to the family Lucanide., By Cuarizs

O, WaTERHOUSE,

[Read 1st March, 1869.]

I wisu to bring before the Entomological Society’s notice

this evening, four species of Coleoptera, belonging to the

family Lucanidce, which I believe to be as yet undescribed.

One of these, although by no means the most remark-

able at first sight, possesses such peculiarities as to make

it necessary to form a new genus for its reception.

This insect, which is from Northern India (I believe

from the Cashmere district, although I have no precise

locality) is entirely dullish black, and its general appear-

ance led me at first to seek its place near Dorcus, but

finding it differently constructed, I next referred it to

and left it in the genus Cladoynathus. Upon further

examination, however, I find that the mentum is unlike

that of any other species of Lucanide that I have examin-

ed; the eye is moreover entirely divided by the canthus,

a character quite strange to Cladognathus and to the

other genera with which it could possibly be associated ;

the produced portion of the prosternum between the

coxee is very narrow and grooved, a character, I believe,

without a parallel in the Lucanide ; and finally, the pos-

terior tibiz are much enlarged at the apex, which is only

to be found in the genus Jucanus, and even there, the

enlargement does not, except in the females, exist to

such an extent as in the insect now in question. I

therefore propose to make a new genus of it, and to call

it Aulacostethus, which may be briefly characterized as

follows :—

AULACOSTETHUS, gen. nov.

Mentum broader than long, bowed in front, with the

posterior angles rounded; eyes entirely divided by the

canthus, which is slender; prosternwm between the an-

terior cox narrow, with parallel sides, longitudinally

canaliculate ; the four posterior tibie much enlarged at

the apex, each furnished on the outside in the middle

with a small tooth; tarsi somewhat short, the basal four

joints of each furnished beneath at the extreme apex

with two pencils of fine bristles.

TRANS. ENT, SOC. 1869.—PART I. (APRIL).

14 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on

Aulacostethus Archeri, sp. nov. (Pl. III. fig. 1).

¢. Niger, sub-opacus; mandibulis elongatis, intus

bidentatis ; capite subquadrato, depresso, antice

contracto, fronte excavata, lateribus fortiter rugoso-

punctatis; oculis omnino a cantho divisis; thorace

transverso, lateribus sub-rectis, angulis posticis

oblique truncatis, marginibus anterioribus et poster-

loribus elytrorumque ‘basi rugoso-punctatis ; tibiis

anticis apicibus fortiter bidentatis, et extus denticulis

quatuor armatis; tibiis posticis extus in medio uni-

dentatis, apicibus singulariter amplhatis; prosterno

longitudinaliter carinato.

Long. (mandibulis exclusis) 174 lin. (87 mill.); man-

dib. 73 lin. (16 mill.).

Black, somewhat dull. Head flattened, one quarter as

broad again as long, slightly narrowed towards the front

to the insertion of the antennz, then suddenly contracted,

forehead excavated, projecting over the clypeus, which

is transverse and gently emarginate; the head is con-

tracted posteriorly to be received into the thorax, the

posterior margin and the portions over the base of the

mandibles shining, the rest of the surface rendered dull

by extremely fine granulations, on the disc there are a

few larger punctures, and towards the sides and the parts

about the eyes punctured, a patch reaching from the eyes

almost to the posterior angles of the head, very rugosely

punctured. Mandibles about equal in length to the head

and thorax together, very gently curved, with a large

blunt tooth springing from the upper surface, distant

from the base about one third the length of the mandible,

another smaller tooth, also sprmging from the upper

surface, being situate near the apex of the mandible,

gives it the appearance of being bifid. Mentum twice and

a half as broad as long, slightly convex, with the basal

portion in the middle depressed ; rounded in front, the

posterior angles rounded, shghtly overlapping the ‘sub-

mentum, the whole surface coarsely transversely reticulate.

The 8th, 9th, and 10th joints of the antenne forming the

club, the 8th joint half spongy, the 9th and 10th entirely

so. Yhorax twice as broad as long, posterior angles

obliquely truncate in front, bis-emarginate ; sides rounded

at the anterior angles, gently contracted posteriorly, and

again projecting at the truncature of the angles, posterior

some New Species of Lucanide. 15

margin almost. straight, the disc somewhat shining, to-

wards the sides the surface is rendered dull by extremely

fine granulations, anterior border strongly margined, and

with the margin towards the sides rugosely punctured ;

side. and posterior margins incrassate, the sides of the

thorax sparingly but distinctly punctured, the posterior

margins rugosely punctured. Scutellwm broader than

long, with the apex rounded, with a few small punctures.

Llytra semi-opaque, broadest at the basal quarter, then

gradually contracting to the apex, the extreme base

rugosely punctured, the whole surface, except the suture

and near the scutellum, thickly covered with very minute

granules, an indistinct smooth line reaches from the

shoulder nearly to the apex. Anterior tibiw distinctly

punctured, the punctures inclined to form longitudinal

rows, the apex of the tibie is produced beyond the

insertion of the tarsus to the third jomt, the produced

part turned outwards, bifurcate ; the outer edge of the

tibiz armed with four small teeth, the basal one very

small; the four posterior tibiz coarsely punctured, much

enlarged at the apex, which is terminated by three strong

teeth;* each tibia armed with a small sharp tooth on

the outside near the middle. ‘'aist somewhat short, the

basal four joints of each furnished beneath at the extreme

edge with two pencils of fine fulvous bristles. Prosternum

between the anterior coxe narrow, parallel, deeply

longitudinally grooved.

Hab.—N.India. In the British Museum.

The British Museum is indebted to §. Archer, Esq.,

Assistant Surgeon, H. M. 98th Regiment, for this and

some other interesting Indian Coleoptera. It is possible

that the species above described may be known to some

by the MS. name Cladognathus Batesii. t

The next insect I have to mention is a species of Cla-

dognathus closely resembling inelinatus of Motschulsky,

from which it may be distinguished by its slightly greater

* One of the posterior tibie has four teeth, the central one of the usual

three being divided.

¢ [This is doubtless the insect which in vol. iii. (dated 1868) of Gem-

minger and Von Harold’s “ Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descrip-

torum” is cited as ‘‘ Cladognathus Batesi, Parry, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1869.”

The reference by anticipation to this volume has shared the common fate

of prophetic utterances.—Sec. Ent. Soc.]

16 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on

convexity and shining appearance; the mandibles have

only two distinct teeth; the forehead is not furnished

with a horizontal lamina, and the head behind the eyes

is simply inflated and not triangularly produced. The

exact locality of the specimen from which I have drawn

up my description is not known ; itis either Japan or the

Indian Archipelago. The specimen is lent me by Major

Parry, who brought it me for description with the MS,

name C, Motschulskii.

Cladognathus Motschulskii (Parry), sp. nov.

Elongatus, subdepressus, punctatissimus, subnitidus,

nigro-castaneus ; capite subquadrato, postice angulis

nullis, fronte excavata, angulis ante oculos prominu-

lis; clypeo concavo, quadrato, lateribus parallelis,

angulis anticis oblique truncatis, apice emarginato ;

mandibulis elytrorum longitudine vix brevioribus,

inclinatis, intus dentibus duobus majoribus et 2-3

parvis armatis; thorace capite latiore, transverso,

convexiore, lateribus vix rotundatis; elytris angulis

humeralibus obtusis; tibiis anticis quatuor spinulosis,

mediis unispinosis, posticis imermibus; prosterno

postice vix compresso.

Long. (mandib. exclusis) 163 lin. (35 mill.) ; mandib.

8.lin. (17 mill.).

This species very much resembles in general form and

colour the C. inclinatus of Motschulsky (Etudes Ent.

pt. 10, 1861, p. 13). The mandibles, however, are less

deflexed, and are furnished with two larger teeth, one

rather below the middle, and another near the apex;

between these there are indications of two or three small

teeth, and between the second and the apex there are

two small teeth. The forehead is more deeply excavated,

and is not provided with a horizontal lamina between the

mandibles as in C. inclinatus; the clypeus has the sides

straight, the front margin formed of two lines which

would meet at an obtuse angle, if the vertex were not

slightly emarginate. The sides of the head behind the

eyes are nearly straight, the posterior angles completely

rounded. The head is less depressed, the surface is more

finely granular, the disc being slightly impressed and

Rae

some New Species of Lucanide. 17

smooth. The thorax is sightly more convex, the sides

are rather less parallel, but scarcely rounded; the surface

is more finely granulose, the disc being almost smooth,

sparingly punctured with distinct punctures. The elytra

are smoother, and the specimen before me has the humeral

angles obtuse. ‘Ihe tibiz arc shorter and stouter, the

anterior tibiz, besides the usual bifurcate apex, are fur-

nished with one distinct tooth only near the apex. The

apex of the posterior tibia is enlarged above. The

prosternum, which is produced behind the anterior coxe,

although slightly compressed, is not lamelliform as in

C. inelinatus.

Hab.—Japan ? or Indian Archipelago. In Major

Parry’s Collection.

The next insect is another species of Cladognathus,

closely allied to C. Maclellandi, with the type specimen

of which Major Parry (who called my attention to this

also) compared his examples, and considers them to be

distinct. There are two specimens (¢ and @) in the

National Collection, and I have drawn up my description

from them. I may mention that Major Parry received

this insect with the name OC. Maclellandi; he proposes

the name of impressus for it.

Cladognathus impressus (Parry), sp. nov.

¢. (var.minor?). Rufo-castaneus, nigrescens, parum

convexus, nitidus; capite transverso, subtiliter

granuloso, punctis sparsis intermixtis, ante oculos

parum triangulariter producto, pone oculos rotun-

dato, fossa inter mandibula etoculosimpresso ; fronte

leniter concava; clypeo hexagono. Thorace trans-

verso, subtilissime granuloso, punctis parvis et

Sparsis intermixtis, disco sublevi, angulis posticis

oblique truncatis, angulo a truncatione et latere

formato producto. Elytris rufo-castaneis, sutura et

circum scutellum nigrescentibus, dense punctatis,

arcuatim attenuatis, basi thorace angustiori. Tibiis

anticis apice bifurcatis, extus subserratis, dentibus

parvis 5-6 armatis; posterioribus quatuor extus in

medio dente parvo armatis ; tarsis {uscis.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1869.—parT 1. (APRIL). Cc

18 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on

Long. (mandib. exclusis) 94 lin. (193 mill.) ; mandib.

13 lin. (8 mill.) ; lat. 44 lin. (82 mill.).

@. Angustior; mandibulis brevibus, intus uniden-

tatis; capite fortiter denseque punctato, vertice

levi, inter oculos et mandibula elevatione parva

lzevi, ante oculos contracto, antice truncato; clypeo

parvo, transverso, angulis rotundatis ; thorace disco

fortiter et sparsim punctato, lateribus parallelis

dense fortiterque punctatis, angulis posticis trun-

catis; elytris disco sparsim, latera versus dense

punctulatis, lateribus apiceque fortiter punctatis ;

tibiis anticis punctatis, excurvatis, apicibus triden-

tatis, extus 1-2 denticulatis.

Long. (cum mandib.) 8 lin. (17 mill.) ; lat. 34 lin.

(74 mill.).

Hab.—India. In the British Museum.

The ¢ in the British Museum is from East India, the

¢ from North India.

The last insect I have to mention belongs to the genus

Chiasognathus, and should, perhaps, have been mentioned

first. The form of the mandibles, which, when viewed

laterally, somewhat resemble a small greek 7, the granu-

lation of the elytra, and yellow colour, and the curiously

bowed middle tibiz, will serve to distinguish the 3,

whilst the evenly rounded sides of the thorax will separate

the ¢ from the other species of the genus.

Chiasognathus peruvianus, sp. nov. (Pl. III. figs.2, 3).

3. Aineus, fuscescens; mandibulis basi supra sub-

tusque fortiter unidentatis, et apicibus intus denti-

culo armatis; capite, thorace, scutello, corpore toto

_subtus, femoribusque flavo-pubescentibus; elytris

cupreis, purpureo-micantibus, sub-opacis; tibiis an-

ticis eneis, basi flavis, incurvatis, apicibus biden-

tatis, intermediis valgis, flavis, extus unidentatis,

posticis basi et in medio coustrictis, flavis, apicibus

fuscis, extus unidenticulatis.

Long. (mandib. exclusis), 1 unc. (26 mill.) ; mandib.

3j lin. (8 mill.)

some New Species of Lucanidee. 19

@. Latior, mandibulis brevibus, basi extus obtuse

dentatis; thorace lateribus fortiter rotundatis; elytris

eenescentibus, rugulosis ; tibiis anticis latis, extus

quadridentatis, quatuor posticis rectis, extus fortius

unidentatis.

Long. (cum mandib.) 13} lin. (28 mill.).

4. Asineous, slightly tinged with coppery-brown.

Head transverse, with a transverss impression between

the eyes; the portion of the head behind this impression,

and that about the eyes, almost without punctures ; the

disc closely punctured; the sides of the head almost

parallel, the anterior angles rectangular, anterior margin

furnished above the base of each mandible with a tubercle,

the portion between them, and on each side of them,

emarginate. Mandibles deflexed, of equal length with

the thorax, thickly punctured, somewhat straight, the

apices acuminate, curved inwards; the extreme base of

each mandible furnished above and below with a strong

acuminate tooth, the upper one the larger, very little

punctured, slightly slopmg imwards; the inner blade of

the mandible armed above with a small tooth near the

apex. Maxillary palpi very long, the last joint one-third

longer than the penultimate. ‘'horaw convex, one-third

broader than long, not broader in front than the head,

but gradually increasing in width posteriorly, the hind

angles much rounded. JSlytra three-quarters as broad

as long, somewhat dull, of a coppery-brown colour,

faintly tinged with purple; the sides are sub-parallel,

slightly constricted below the shoulders; the whole sur-

face is slightly uneven, very thickly and finely granulose-

punctate. The femora and the apical half of the anterior

tibicee are dark, shot. with eneous and purple. The an-

terior tibix are elongate, slightly curved inwards, with

two strong teeth on the outside at the apex, the basal

half of these tibize yellow; middle and posterior tibize

yellow, except at the apex, the former much curved,

furnished on the outside near the apex with a small dark

tooth ; the posterior tibie nearly straight, constricted at

the base and in the middle, furnished on the outside,

near the apex, with a very small dark tooth. Yarsi long,

fuscous.

The ? differs from the ¢ im being relatively broader ;

the mandibles are short, punctate, strongly triangularly

20 Mr. C.O. Waterhouse on Lucanidee.

dilated on the outside at the base; the head is formed

nearly as in the 4, but with the sides less straight, the

anterior angles slightly obtuse, the punctuation is thicker ;

the thorax is shorter, with the sides completely rounded,

the disc is smooth, and the punctuation of the impression

finer, the posterior part being finely punctured; the

elytra are eneous, the surface is less even ; the anterior

tibize are shorter, broad, with the base fuscous, furnished

on the outside with three strong teeth, and one or two

smaller ones near the base; the four posterior tibie are

straight, shorter and stouter, the external teeth being

stronger.

Hab—FPeru. ¢ and 2, in the British Museum.

Explanation of Plate II.

Fig. 1. Aulacostethus Archeri; la, mentum; 1 b, prosternum.

2. Chiasognathus peruvianus, g.

3. ”» +e) b] wo)

8a. Pe 5) 5 side view of mandible of dé.

( 21 )

V. On Insects and Insectivorous Birds ; and especially

on the Relation between the Colour and the Edibility

of Lepidoptera and their Larve. By J, JENNER

Weir, F.L.S.

[Read Ist March, 1869.]

Durtne the past Summer I made several experiments,

as suggested by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace, with a view to

ascertain what species of Insects are eaten by Birds; and,

on the contrary, what species are rejected.

Although the observations I am about to detail have

only recently been made for a special object, yet my

knowledge of the relations which exist im many cases

between birds and insects extends over a period of more

than thirty years.

The difficulty of keeping alive purely insectivorous

birds in captivity is so great, that I have been obliged to

restrict myself to those whose food is of a mixed character,

and which thrive in confinement.

I have, therefore, relied mainly on the following

species, viz. :—

The Robin, Lrithaca rubecula.

» Yellow-hammer, Hmberiza citrinella.

» Reed Bunting, Lmberiza scheeniclus.

» Bullfinch, Pyrrhula vulgaris.

», Chaffinch, Fringilla celebs.

», Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra.

» Thrush, Turdus masicus.

» Tree Pipit, Anthus arboreus,

And in a less degree, on

The Siskin, Carduelis spinus.

And The Redpoll, Linaria minor.

Within the limits of the order Lepidoptera, the follow-

ing results have been obtained.

The apterous female of Orgyia antiqua is the only

Lepidopterous insect I have found to be entirely rejected

in the perfect state ; this I distinctly saw refused, after

examination, by both the Robin and Reed Bunting, and

it was quite disregarded by the other species:

TRANS. ENT, soc. 1869,—paRTI. (APRIL).

22 Mr. J. Jenner Weir on

. Theimago of Syilosoma menthastri was refused by the

Bullfinch and Chaffinch ; ; picked up by the Yellow-

hammer, but dropped; tasted by the Reed Bunting, but

not relished, aah soon dropped ; the latter bird, however,

attracted by the fluttering insect, returned to it, and

ultimately swallowed it. Syilosoma menthastri was also

eaten by the Robin. I had ‘been led to expect that this

insect would be refused by all the birds; it was certainly

not eaten with avidity, but on the contrary, after much

hesitation.

All perfect Lepidoptera apparently require preparation

before they are swallowed by birds; they are taken be-

tween the mandibles, shaken and bruised for a minute

or two, and generally have the wings removed before

they are eaten. This often afiords a strong moth a good

chance of escape, and such day-flyine species as the genus

Tripheena, which jump about in ajerking manner, and soon

conceal themselves amongst the herbage, would, in a state

of nature, almost always slip away from their tormentors.

I have, even on the floor of my aviary, seen the struggle

between the bird and the insect prolonged for several

minutes. T'rivhceena pronuba is very slippery, and the

flight is but little impeded by the partial destruction of

the under-wings, which by their yellow colour attract the

bird’s attention, and are, therefore first attacked, and,

perhaps, mutilated ; so that the difficulty of its capture

compensates for its greater liability to pursuit, owing to

its diurnal habits.

Other brightly-coloured day-flying Heterocera, such as

Anthrocera filip yendule, which in no way attempts con-

cealment, and is of sluggish habits, were unwillingly

eaten, but I am by no means inclined to attach undue

importance to this fact, because the birds, being in con-

finement, and deprived mainly of their usual insect food,

might readily be expected to eat insects, which, ma

state of nature, with a less limited choice, they would

reject.

It is characteristic of many genera of day-flying Lepi-

doytera Hcterocera, that they have brightly-coloured, and

more or less ornamented under- wings, and very dull

gray or brown wes -wings, quite concealing the former

when at rest; these under-wings are of various colours,

for instance, silvery in Agrotis; yellow in Triphena,

Anarta, aud other genera; crimson, red, or blue in

Catocala and Cullimorpha.

Inseets and Insectivoreus Birds. 23

F I feel quite satisfied from actual experiment, that this

distribution of colour is a great advantage to these

diurnal species in the struggle for existence.

As before remarked, the bird seizes the most conspi-

cuous part, which is very fragile; thus giving the insect

another chance of escape, with a small notch only out of

the under-wing. I once saw T'riphena fimbria in broad

daylight rise to a great height, pursued by a swallow,

which made several ineffectual attempts to seize it, and

it certainly effected its escape; the swallow giving up

the pursuit, completely baffled.

I have also seen a moth, Macaria notata, fly very fairly

with only the two fore-wings developed, not, perhaps,

quick enough to avoid such a swift bird as the swallow,

but sufficiently to enable this wood-haunting species to

reach a thicket in safety.

The sudden manner in which the brilliantly coloured

-under-wings are displayed, is another great advantage to

the insect; the bird is startled, and draws back ; and

before it recovers its surprise, the prey escapes.

The flight of the Triphene, and their mode of unex-

pectedly rising from, and quickly dropping into, the

herbage, and concealing themselves, is exactly the same

as that of some species of European grasshoppers belong-

ing to the genus Wdipoda, which also display bright

crimson or blue under-wings, combined with earthy

coloured upper-wings ; and I have no doubt are benefited

in the same manner by a similar distribution of colours.

The results obtained with the larve and pupe of Lepi-

doptera were of a more decisive and satisfactory character.

I found that all hairy caterpillars were uniformly

uneaten. The species experimented with were Arctia

caja, Lriogaster lanestris, Porthesia auriflua, and Orgyia

antiqua ; none of these species were even examined by

the birds, and were permitted to crawl about the aviary

for days with impunity.

Iam disposed to consider that the flavour of all these

larvee is nauseous, and not that the mechanical trouble-

someness of the hairs prevents their being eaten.

In order to throw some light on this point, I made an

experiment with Spilosoma menthastri; this species in

the larval state is always rejected, but being fortunate

24 ~ Mr. J. Jenner Weir on

enough to obtrin about one hundred young larve a few

‘hours old, having indeed only just emerged from the

ego, I introduced them into the avairy on their natal

leaf. The movement of the little creatures soon attracted

the notice of a Siskin; the bird tasted one of the minute

caterpillars, shook its beak as if it were disagreeable,

and left the rest undisturbed ; a Redpoll followed, but

the result was the same. A West-African insectivorous

Finch, Veator erythrorhynchus, next tried their flavour,

but soon left them, evidently not liking it. No further

molestation took place, and the minute larve remained

undisturbed.

I cannot think that, in this case, the rejection arose

from the hairiness of the larve. I imagine that it was

caused by their disagreeable flavour, and that the birds

were deceived into tasting them, because the character-

istic warning hairs were undeveloped ; and that, on the

other hand, when the caterpillars are more developed,

the hairs serve as a caution to the birds, that the larvee

so clothed are uneatable.

The results obtained with spined larvee were very

similar, and the deductions I make are the same. The

larvee experimented on were those of Vanessa urtiew, and

Vanessa Io; these species both, as is well known, feed

on the tops of Urticw dioica, without any attempt at con-

cealment ; the larvee were utterly disregarded by all the

birds, and were allowed to crawl about the aviary for

days. The metallic looking chrysalides of the two species

were also invariably rejected, thus showing that the

spines were not the cause of the uneatableness of the

larvee.

Larvee which spin webs, and are gregarious, are eaten

by birds, but not with avidity; they appear very much

to dislike the web sticking to their beaks, and those

completely concealed in the web are left unmolested.

When branches covered with the web of Hyponomeuta

evonymella were introduced into the aviary, those larvee

only which ventured beyond the protection of the web

were eaten.

The experiments I was anxious to try were those with

smooth-skinned, gaily-coloured caterpillars, which never

conceal themselves, but, on the contrary, appear to court

observation.

_ Insects and Insectivorous Birds, 25

My first experiment was with the larve of Abrazas

grossulariata ; and in order that the birds might be fairly

attracted towards them, I placed them on a shelf in the

aviary amongst other eatable species. I watched the

birds carefully; they soon ate up all the well-relished

and dull-coloured species, but left Abraaus grossulariata

untouched. I quitted the aviary for some hours, but on

my return, they were still crawling about unmolested.

The same result followed the experiments with Diloba

ceeruleocephala, and <Anthrocera filipendule, both con-

spicuous species in the larval state.

I was most desirous to try the larve of the genus

Cucullia, and at last succeeded in getting several of

Cucullia verbasci of different sizes. These larve, as is

well known, feed on the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, and

are most beautifully coloured with bright blue, yellow,

and black; and their skins are perfectly smooth. It

appeared to me that experiments with this species

would be conclusive ; and I confess to feeling very ex-

cited when I made them. I had however the pleasure of

finding that this crucial test did not fail. The larvae

were placed on the feeding shelf one afternoon. I found

them there after dinner, and the next day some were

still hving, and quite-unmolested.

I will now add a few words on those larvee which are

eaten greedily by birds, and my remarks on the subject

will be brief; it will be unnecessary to detail all the

experiments made, as the results are easily generalized.

All caterpillars whose habits are nocturnal, daull-

coloured, with fleshy bodies and smooth skins, are eaten

with the greatest avidity.

Every species of green caterpillar is also much

relished.

All Geometre, whose larve resemble twigs as they

stand out from the plant on their anal prolegs, are in-

variably eaten.

To sum up, I have quite satisfied myself that insecti-

vorous birds, as a general rule, the Cuckoo, perhaps,

being an exception, refuse to eat hairy larve, spinous

larvee, and all those whose colours are very gay, and

which rarely, or only accidentally, conceal themselves.

On the other hand, they eat with great relish, all

smooth-skinned larve of a green or dull-brown colour,

which are nearly always nocturnal in their habits, or

96 Mr. Weir on Insectivorous Birds.

mimic the colour or appearance of the plant they

frequent.

I propose, during the coming Summer, to continue

my investigations, and shall feel grateful to any of the

Members who may kindly send me living insects for

experiment.

( 27 )

VI. Remarks upon certain Caterpillars, Sc., which are

unpulatable to their enenies, By A. G. Burer,

F.L.S., &.

[Read 1st March, 1869.]

As I understood that my friend Mr. Jenner Weir was

intending to bring forward this evening the results of

his experiments in regard to the insect-food of birds, I

thought it might not be out of place to bring together

such facts as I have myself observed, with regard to the

rejection of certain larve and imagines by lizards, frogs,

and spiders.

In the year 1863, I purchased three green lizards

(Lacerta viridis) which I turned into a glass case, out of

doors; this vivarium measured one yard square, and had

been especially constructed with a view to keeping

reptiles; I had so arranged the plants, and modelled

the earth in this case, that the lizards might well suppose

themselves to be at lberty, and I have no doubt they

did so; they ate enormously, so much so indeed, that I

made a note of the number of victims devoured by them

between the 8rd and 13th of July, 1863, which was as

follows :— 119 large flies (Hristalis vulpinus) , numerous

bluebottles, house-flies, and caterpillars (chiefly Mamestra

brassicee and Phragmatobia fuliginosa), 3 humble bees

(Bombus terrestris), and 14 white butterflies (Pieris bras-

sicee and rape) .”

Notwithstanding their eagerness for food of all kinds,

from a lemon-cheesecake to a spider, there were some

caterpillars, and even moths, which they would seize

only to drop in disgust; amongst these, all that I

especially took note of at the time, were the caterpillar

of Abravas grossulariata, and the imago of Anthrocera

filipendule ; I bred a hundred of the latter species in the

year 1864, to try and establish a colony of them at South

Kensington, and though I repeatedly turned crippled

specimens into my lizard-house, none were ever swal-

lowed ; a lizard might spring at the insect when intro-

-duced, but after a severe pinch, which did not disable

it, but disgusted its captor, it was flung away, and not

again disturbed.

TRANS, ENT. SOC. 1869.—PART I. (APRIL).

28 Mr, A. G. Butler on

As with the lizards, so it was with frogs. My lizards

being all dead, early in the year 1868, I turned two

frogs into the case, and fed them a!most daily with cater-

pillars, &c., from the garden; the result of my experi-

ments with the larve of Abraxas grossulariata and Halia

vauaria are noted in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Ma-

gazine”’ for October last, as follows :—

When the frogs “ first became aware of the introduc-

tion of the caterpillars, they seemed greatly excited,

sprane forwards, and licked them eagerly into their

mouths; no sooner, however, had they done so, than

they seemed to become aware of the mistake that they

had made, and sat with gaping mouths, rolling their

tongues about, until they had got quit of the nanseous

morsels, which seemed perfectly uninjured, and walked

off as briskly as ever.”

The same thing may be said of another imsect perse-

cutor, the spider; the rejection of these two caterpillars

by my frogs, induced me to try whether spiders would

show a similar aversion to them. I repeatedly put them

into the webs both of the geometrical and hunting

spiders (Hreiba diadema and Lycosa, species ?); but in the

former case, they were cut out, and allowed to drop; in

the latter, after disappearing in the jaws of their captor

down his dark silken funnel, they invariably re-appeared

either from below, or else taking long strides up the

funnel again.

Thus, in three instances, I have proved the same

caterpillars to be distasteful to insect persecutors; surely

such evidence may be looked upon as conclusive of the

fact, that some species have an advantage over others, and,

therefore, are more hkely to survive in the great struggle

for existence : itis well known that Abrazas grossularata,

Halia vauaria, and Anthrocera filipendule are three of the

commonest of our British Moths, and here is one reason

why they are so common; with regard to the two former

species, it is true that the perfect insect is greedily

devoured, where the larva is rejected; but when we

remember that the larval state is the most subject to

mortality from surrounding causes, such a fact only

tends to explain how it is that these species have not

become a perfect plague.

The caterpillars of Abrawas grossulariata wer2 more

distasteful to my lizards than were the large stinging

Caterpillars which are unpalatable. 29

bees; for I have seen the latter fought with, rubbed

against the ground until powerless, and, finally, de-

voured; this, however, generally occurred when the

lizards were hungry ; though I have seen a frog, sitting

composedly upon a bed of stone-crop, leap up and catch

the bees which flew over his head, and swallow them

in utter disregard of their stings; how this is to be

explained I am at a loss to say; all I know is, that such

was certainly the case.

I hope that the facts I have adduced may be of some

little use in supporting those which my friend Mr. Weir

has observed.

te oon eee Sie j

Peet shsthas- re: ¢eye

(31)

VII. Desgriptions of two new Species of Papilio from

Ecuador. By W. C. Hewirson, F.L.S.

[Read 15th March, 1869.]

I am indebted for these two species of Papilio to a

kind friend, Mr. James Backhouse, of York, who re-

ceived them from his collector in Ecuador.

1. Papilio Philetas.

Male. Upperside. Dark green: the fringe with

lunular white spots, broad and conspicuous on the pos-

terior wing. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle

by a furcate band of green-yellow spots, which com-

mences in two places near the costal margin, and unit-

ing at the second disco-cellular nervule, is continued in

five hastate spots to the anal angle. Posterior wing

with a submarginal band of pale green spots, the first of

which at the costal margin is linear.

Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that there

are two rays of green from the base, that the spots of the

band are much larger, and that the whole of the wing

from the band to the apex is irrorated with green. Pos-

terior wing with the basal half thickly irrorated with

green, the nervures through it black, the outer half of

the wing dark green, first marked by pale green strie,

crossed below these by a band of seven scarlet spots,

with here and there between them irrorations of white ;

these spots are surrounded with purple, and followed by

a second band of six yellow spots: the lunular spots on

the margin broader than above. The abdomen white.

Female. Does not differ from the male, except in

having the abdomen dark green.

Exp. 4,3, inches.

Hab.—Ecuador.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

It will be seen at once that this very beautiful species

belongs to that section of Papilio which contains Belus

and Crassus.

32 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Papilio.

2. Papilio Phalcecus.

Male. Upperside. Very dark green, apparently vlan

out of a bright light, suffused with purple towards the

outer margin of the posterior wing, the fringe with white

lunules, deeply indented on the posterior wing; it has

one. broad tail. Both wings crossed beyond the middle

by a common band of white tinted with yellow, divided

by the nervur es, and so thickly irrorated with black on

the anterior wing, and the lower part of the posterior

wing, as to appear gray; this band commences near

the costal margin of the anterior wing by three spots,

which form a triangle; near the fifth spot on its inner

border there is a small spot of the same colour (more

conspicuous in the female). Posterior wing with a sub-

marginal band of six or seven carmine lunular spots,

some of which are scarcely visible.

. Underside. As above, except that the carmine spots

are more distinct.

_ Female. Does not differ from the male, except in its

greater size.

Exp. 3,3, inches.

Hab.—Kcuador.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to P. Ascanius.

( 83 )

VIII. Descriptions of sic new Species of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera from Nicaragua. By W. C. Hewitson,

W.L.S.

[Read 15th March, 1869.]

THE collection of butterflies recently brought to this

country by Mr. Belt, from Nicaragua, contains twelve

new species. The following are descriptions of six of

them ; belonging to the genera Heliconia, Hresia, Huba-

gis, Heetera, Mesosenia, and Nymphidiwm.

1. Heliconia Diotrephes.

Upperside (except the apex of the anterior wing,

which is dark brown), blue-green, the outer margins

spotted with white. Anterior wing with the central

half nearly white, and a spot within the cell which forms

part of it, pure white, divided by very fine black ner-

vures: a submarginal series of indistinct white spots.

Posterior wing with three apical white spots.

Underside as above, except that it is dark brown:

that the anterior wing has a submarginal band of rather

large white spots: that the posterior wing has the costal

margin (except the base, which is yellow), and two

bands which cross the wing (one of which is parallel to

the costal margin, and the other to the outer margin),

brick-red; a linear white spot on the costal margin at

the apex, the three apical spots as above, and a submar-

ginal series of white spots in pairs.

Exp. 3-4; inches.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is very nearly allied to H. Galanthus of

Bates, but differs from it on the underside, in having a

submarginal series of white spots on the anterior wing,

and in having the base of the posterior wing yellow.

9. Hresia Alsina.

Female. Upperside. Dark brown. Anterior wing

with a broad band from the base: crossed obliquely by

three bands, the first of which (the longest), before the

middle, is divided into four by the nervures, the second

TRANS, ENT. soc. 1869.—PART I. (APRIL). D

34 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on

beyond the middle divided into five, and the third near

the apex trifid: besides these there is a submarginal

band of five spots, all orange-yellow. Posterior wing

with the costal and outer margins broadly dark brown ;

a submarginal band of seven orange-yellow spots.

Underside as above.

Exp. 2-4, inches.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to H. Phillyra.

3. LHubagis Sosthenes.

Male. Upperside. Glossy green. Anterior wing

with the outer margin dark brown, widest at the apex

and anal angle. Posterior wing with a large brown

triangular spot at the anal angle, the outer margin dark

brown, narrow.

Underside. Anterior wing rufous-brown, with six large

white spots: three small spots of brilliant light blue, two

within and one outside the cell. Posterior wing white,

crossed by five rufous bands, the first near the base, the

fifth submarginal and united with the fourth at both

margins: two small black spots at the anal angle, one of

a is marked with blue: a linear spot of blue below

this

Exp. 1, inch.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species differs little on the underside from E.

Chryseis of Bates.

4. Heetera polita.

Female. Upperside. Transparent, very glossy on both

sides, the margins dark brown, narrow, the nervures

brown, very fine. Anterior wing crossed by three very

pale brown bands, the first short within the cell, the

second before the middle crosses the cell extending to

near the inner margin below the middle, the third from

the costal margin beyond its middle to the anal angle.

Posterior wing with a submarginal band of pale brown:

a round black eye-like spot at the apex, marked by a

white spot, with a similar white spot on each side of it.

Exp. 24 inches.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C, Hewitson.

New Diurnal Lepidoptera. 35

5. Mesosemia Asa.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown. Anterior wing with

the base, which is brilliant blue, marked by a band in the

cell, a spot below it, the usual round eye-like spot (which

has three white dots), and a band below this, all black.

Posterior wing brilliant blue, with a broad dark brown

outer margin.

Underside. Gray-brown. Hach wing with the central

black eye bordered with green, with three white dots on

the anterior wing, and one on the posterior wing: pre-

ceded on both wings by a short band of gray and dark

brown, and followed by a similar band which crosses both

wings, by a broad band of dark brown, and a series of

submarginal brown spots.

Female. Dark brown. Anterior wing crossed beyond

the middle by a broad white band: the central black spot

with a band of yellow on each side. Posterior wing mark-

ed as on the underside (but without the central spot),

which does not differ from the male.

Exp. 1,4, inch.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near to M. Telegone, the underside of which is nearly

the same.

6. Nymphidium Onewn.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown, the outer margins

with the usual arched black spots, bordered with white ;

a large triangular space of white common to both wings ;

each wing with a large orange spot at the anal angle.

Anterior wing with three large orange spots near the

base, and a spot of white at the apex of the large trian-

gular space of white.

Exp. 144 inch.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearest to N. Lysimon, but differs from the other

species in having conspicuous orange spots near the base

of the anterior wing.

The other new species in Mr. Belt’s collection are

small, and must be left for illustration by figures.

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( 87 )

IX. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon

Valley (Coleoptera, Prionides). By H, W. Batzs,

F,Z.S., Pres, Ent. Soe,

[Read 15th March, 1869.]

Tux following pages contain a description of the genera

and species of Longicorn Coleoptera, Tribe Prionides,

obtained by me in the region of the Amazons, and are a

continuation of a series of papers commenced in the

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, in July, 1861.

Those papers completed the tribe Lamiides, leaving for

subsequent publication the tribes Prionides and Ceramby-

cides. My reasons for postponing the continuation of

the work, on the completion of the first part, were the

want of a general classification of the Longicorns founded

on a study of the whole family, and a conviction of the

inconvenience to science of partial classifications appli-

cable only to a single fauna. Such a classification I was

compelled to invent for the Lamiides group; which,

although it seemed to suit well the material I had before

me, I afterwards found impossible to reconcile with the

arrangements proposed by other writers, probably equally

well-suited to other faunas. This was especially the case

with the classification adopted by Mr. Pascoe for the

Longicorns of the Malay Archipelago, and the incon-

venience to which I have alluded was felt in this way,

that it was impossible, with two such distinct arrange-

ments, to institute those comparisons which all Naturalists

find so interesting, between the faunas of these two equa-

torial regions. ‘The work which all Coleopterists inter-

ested in this family have been so long expecting, the

eighth volume of Lacordaire’s “Genera” has at length

appeared, containing a new and well-considered classifi-

cation of the family, and there is no longer need to delay

the description of my collections. In so difficult a group

it would be presumptuous to alter this classification,

without a laborious study of material, as large as that

which has been at the command of Professor Lacordaire ;

and to do so in a partial manner would hinder rather

than forward the progress of our knowledge of the

group; I shall, therefore, adopt it implicitly in the

following descriptions, although I believe, in some

points, it is far from natural in its arrangement.

TRANS, ENT. soc, 1869,—pPaRTI, (APRIL).

38 Mr. H. W. Bates on

According to Lacordaire, the Longicorns are divisible

into three tribes ; the Lepturides, formerly considered by

most authors as a fourth tribe, being sunk to the rank of

a subordinate group under the Oerambycides. Having

traced the successive modifications of the forms allied to

Lepturides, in the order given by Lacordaire, I have

recognized the justice of this arrangement, and the error

of the opinion expressed in the introduction to the

Lamiides of the Amazons, on the same subject. The

Prionides are distinguished from the two other tribes by

the pronotum being distinct from the flanks of the pro-

thorax, and by the anterior coxze lying in transversely-

elongated sockets. In common with the Cerambycides,

they differ from the Lanviides, by the palpi never termi-

nating in points, and the anterior tibie being simple

instead of grooved on their inner sides.

The number of Prionides obtained by me from the

Amazons is only twenty-six; a small proportion of the

whole number found in Tropical America, namely 166.

A great many, however, described from other quarters,

will probably be found to be varieties or opposite sexes

of other species ; in confirmation of which opinion I may

point to the seven false species of one genus only, Pyrodes,

which I have reduced to synonyms in the following

descriptions. But the equatorial plains seem to be less

rich in the group than the borders of the tropics, or the

mountainous regions. The species are mostly nocturnal

in their habits, and of great rarity. When found

in siti, it is generally on the trunks, or under the

bark, of the largest forest trees. They fly abroad at

night, and are sometimes overtaken by a sudden storm,

and cast into lakes or rivers, whence the swell carries

them to the sandy beaches; several of the species here

recorded have been found under these circumstances.

I have not thought it necessary to insert in the Prionides

the sections and “tribus” of Lacordaire; the genera

follow in the order of his classification.

I. PRIoNIDES ABERRANTES.

Genus PARANDRA.

Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins. xi. p. 252.

1. Parandra gracillima, n. sp.

P. elongata, angustata, mandibula dentibus molaribus

basalibus contiguis, apice tridentatis, orbitu oculorum

Amazonian Prionides. 39

valde elevato acuto, thorace regulariter et forte an-

gustato ab apice usque ad basin, elytris fortiter punc-

tatis.

Long. ¢ (mandib. incl.) 9 lin.

A distinct species remarkable for the gradual tapering

of the thorax from apex to base; so that near the base

it is no broader than the length. The mandibles agree

in shape with the group to which P. mandibularis of Perty

belongs, that is, they have in the ¢ a very large basal or

molar tooth, the opposing teeth meeting in the centre,

near the apex is an acute tooth, and the apex itself, bemg

notched, forms two others; above, each mandible has a

sharply-defined triangular depression, and the surface is

rather coarsely punctured, and black. The submentum

is not separated from the gula or throat by an impressed

line; it is very broad, blackish, opaque, and is covered

with very large and shallow circular pits, the anterior

edge has not a raised border or impressed line, and the

anterior angles are broad, and very obtuse. The orbit

behind the eyes is very abruptly elevated, its upper edge

being above the level of the eyes. The head and thorax

are finely punctured, the elytra coarsely punctured, and

the whole surface less shining than in the allied species.

I took one example only of this species (the only Pa-

vandra found on the Amazons) at Ega, under the bark

of a dead tree.

The genus Parandra has been excluded from the family

of Longicorns, by some modern authors, and restored to

its place recently by Lacordaire. It may perhaps be

objected to the arrangement of the latter, that he includes

it in an artificial group termed ‘ Prionides aberrants,”

with a number of forms such as Hypocephalus, Sceleocan-

tha, &c., with which it has nothing in common, except

the fact of being aberrant. Parandra would seem rather

to be an extreme development of the Mallodon type of

Prionides ; its chief peculiarity, namely, linear tarsi, with

an onychium furnished with two bristles between the

tarsal claws, being lessened in importance by the fact o

a typical Prionid of the Mallodon group, Hystatus,

(Thoms.), possessing a distinct onychium. I have more-

over noticed that the onychium is absent, or extremely

reduced and destitute of bristles, in at least one species,

the North American P. brunnea, F. Another charac-

ter of the genus, the distinct fourth joint of the tarsi,

40 Mr. H.-W. Bates on -

doubtless arises from the absence of lobes in the third

joint, for in all Prionides where these lobes are reduced

in amplitude, the fourth joint is more or less visible.

No importance is to be attached to the form of the ligula,

this point beg excessively variable in the Prionides.

II. PrionrDEs VERI.

Cohort 1. Subterranei,

Genus PsaLIDOGNATHUS.

G. R. Gray, in Griffith’s An. King. Ins, ii. 115,

1. Psaldognathus Incas.

P. Incas, Thoms. Arc. Nat. p. 42.

P. Limenius, Hrichs. Archiv. fiir Nat. 1847, i. 139, ?.

2. Ps. cupreo-violaceus; a femina Ps. Friendii dif-

fert, 1° antennis articulo 3i0 rugoso-punctato, 2°

elytris magis subtiliter vermiculato-rugosis, et magis

distincte tricostatis, 3° prosterno fortiter scabroso.

One example, a female, obtained at Tabatinga, on the

frontier of Brazil and Peru.

Cohort 2. Sylvani.

Genus ENOPLOCERUS.

Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 146.

1. Hnoplocerus armillatus.

Lin. Syst. Nat. i. 622; Oliv. Ent. 66, pl. v. f.17, ¢.

E. maximus, elongato-oblongus, brunneus, cinereo-

tomentosus, elytris cimnamoneis nudis, antennis

pedibusque nigris nitidis, ¢ scabrosis, 9? levi-

bus.

Long. unc. ¢ 3-44, ¢ 3k.

I obtained three examples only of this species; on the

Upper Amazons, on the trunks of dead trees.

Amazonian Prionides. 41

Genus ORTHOMEGAS.

Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 149.

1. Orthomegas cinnamoneus.

Lin. Syst. Nat. ii. 623; Drury, Ill. i. 89. t. 40. f. 2, ¢.

O. oblongo-linearis, cinnamoneus, aureo-fulvo sericeus,

levis; thorace lateribus pone medium dente magno

obliquo, antice denticulis duobus vel tribus armato.

Long. 22-30 lin. (¢, 2).

Found occasionally, in repose on leaves in the forest,

throughout the Amazons region.

Genus MacropontTta.

Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 140.

1. Macrodontia cervicornis.

Lin. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 65; Oliv. Ent. 66, pl. 2, f. 8.

M. magna, depressa, rufo nigroque varia, elytris flavo-

rufis, lineis plagisque nigris variegatis.

Long. unc. 24-4.(¢, 2.)

A rare insect on the Amazons; on dead trees, banks

of the Tapajos, and at Hga.

2. Macrodontia crenata.

Oliv. Ent. 66. p. 27, pl. 12. f. 45, 9.

6. A @ differt spina anteriore thoracis brevissima,

et mandibulis multo longioribus. Oblonga, depressa,

fusco-castanea, elytris cinnamoneis. Caput supra

concavum, grosse punctatum, mandibulis capite ses-

qui longioribus, triquetris, cum antennarum basi (ar-

ticuli reliqui desunt) nigris. Thorax transversus,

quadratus, basi valde angustatus, lateribus inter spi-

nas rectis, crenulatis, angulo antico spina minuta

acuta oblique antrorsum spectante armato, spina pos-

tica majore sed brevi, angulis posticis distinctis acutis ;

supra creberrime punctatus, medio plaga longitudinali

lineisque aliquot elevatis nitidis, sparsim punctatis.

Klytra marginibus pone humeros valde explanatis,

margine foliaceo usque ad apicem extenso sed sensim

42 Mr. H. W. Bates on

angustato, apice late rotundato, angulo suturali

spinoso ; supra opaca, subtiliter alutacea, cmnamonea,

absque lineis elevatis. Corpus subtus nitidum, im-

punctatum, castaneum. Pedes nigro-castanei, nitidi.

Long. ¢ (mandib. incl.) 28 lin.

I am not aware that the male of this very rare species

has been heretofore described. It differs greatly from

the female in the punctuation of the thorax, and in the

size of the antero-lateral spine. A similar sexual differ-

ence exists in M. flavipennis (Chevrolat), the female of

which is named serridens in Chevrolat’s collection, and

in M. Dejeanii (Gory); the male in all these species

having a finely punctured opaque thorax, with a glossy

space in the middle, and the female being uniformly

scabrous-punctate, slightly shining.

I met with one example only of M. crenata on the

Amazons, near Hga.

Genus TrTanvs.

Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 138.

1. Titanus giganteus.

Linn. Mant. p. 581; Drury, Ill. ii. p. 73, pl. 49.f. 1, ¢.

T. (¢, 2) fusco-castaneus, thorace lateribus trispinosis,

supra punctato-rugoso, medio late impunctato, tibiis

3S intus multispinosis, ¢ leevibus, antennis utroque

sexu dimidium corporis haud excedentibus, seg-

mento ultimo ventrali ¢ in medio late exciso, 9

integro.

Long. 43-6 unc.

In addition to the sexual differences mentioned in this

short diagnosis, may be mentioned the much greater

width of the tarsiin the ¢ than inthe ?. ‘The tarsi of

the ¢ are of remarkable width, and the second joint is

transverse quadrangular, instead of triangular as in the

@ and in Longicorns generally. On the Amazons this

colossal Longicorn was found only near Manaos, on the

Rio Negro; where it is occasionally picked up on the

shores of the river after a stormy night, the insect being

cast into the water whilst flying across.*

* In the system of Lacordaire the group Ancistrotides follows the Tita-

nides, but in a note on a subsequent page (Genera, viii. p. 163) he justly

doubts whether they would not be better placed near the group Tragoso-

mides. The following new species of Acanthinodera (group Ancistrotides)

tends in fayour of this emendation.

—

Amazonian. Prionides. 43

Genus Crenoscetis.

Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, -p. 134.

1. COtenoscelis ater.

Oliv. Ent. 66, pi 11) ple7, f. 245° 8.

Ct. piceo-niger, tarsis posticis lobis angustissimis et

longe spinosis ; elytris apice apud suturam sinuatis,

angulo suturali spinoso.

Long. 34-32 unc. (4. 2)..-

¢. Thorax minutissime et creberrime punctatus, disco

utrinque plagis angustis tribus grosse scabrosis

nitidis ; antennz longitudine corporis,’ intus denti-

culate ; tarsi lobis intermediis et posticis spinosis.

2. . Thorax omnino grosse scabrosus; antenne dimi-

dium corporis attingentes, punctate; tarsi lobis

omnibus spinosis.

I obtained many specimens of this fine species at Hea,

on the Upper Amazons, on the trunks of large felled

trees.

2. Ctenoscelis Dyrrhacus.

Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1843, p. 235, pl. 9,

fig. 1, gt

Ct. piceo-niger, tarsorum lobis ovatis; haud spinosis ;

thorace utroque sexu scabroso, medio levi, nitido ;

antennis articulo basali breviori et validiori ; elytris

apice nec’ sinuatis nec dentatis.

Long. 3 unc. 4 lin.—4 unc. 4 lin. (d @); lat. elytr.

(g) 18 lin.

Acanthinodera bihamata, n. sp.

dé. Oblonga, depressa, rufo-castanea, tibiis tarsisque flavo-castaneis,

capite, thorace, scutello et pectore quam A. Cumingii, ¢ , minus dense

flavo-lanuginosis, puncturis grossis capitis thoracisque patentibus.

Antennz robust, leviter serratz, corpore paulo longiores, articulis

subequalibus, primo punctato, reliquis levibus. Thorax’transversus,

lateribus utrinque antice valde bihamatis. EHlytra oblongo-quadrata,

depressa, marginibus explanatis, apice sub-truncata, angulo suturali

spinoso, supra subtiliter alutacea et elevato-reticulata costis quatuor

vix perspicuis. Pedes elongati, graciles, valde compressi, sparsim

hirsuti; tarsis elongatis, linearibus, articuli tertii lobis angustissimis

acutis.

Long. 11 lin.

Hab.—Mendoza. A Dom. Ed.-Steinheil recepta.

44, Mr. H. W. Bates on

6. Antennz longitudine corporis, articulis basalibus

tribus aspere punctatis, omnibus intus denticulatis ;

tarsi omnes lati, lobis rotundatis.

@. Antenne dimidium corporis attingentes, tenui-

ter punctate, nec denticulate; tarsi lobis com-

pressis.

The thorax is coarsely scabrous on the sides in both

sexes, and hasa broad shining space in the middle,

finely punctured; the basal jomt of the antennez is

shorter and thicker than in any other known species.

The female has not before*been described.

The species occurred at Santarem, Obydos and Manaos,

on the Amazons.

3. Ctenoscelis Nausithous.

Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. 1843, p. 286, pl. 9,

foe

Ct. gracilior, thorace angustior; piceo-niger, thorace

scabroso, spatio mediano levi subtiliter punctato ;

elytris apice rotundatis, angulis suturalibus dentatis.

Long. 3 une. 4 lin,

g. Antenne corpore longiores, articulis extus

breviter tuberculatis, tribus basalibus subtiliter punc-

tatis, reliquis leevibus.

Q@. Antenne dimidium corporis superantes, spar-

sim punctate; tarsi lati, lobis posticis acutis.

The shape of this species is much more slender than

in the rest of the genus; the thorax of the female is

scarcely to be distinguished from that of the same sex in

Ct. Dyrrhacus, but the elytra differ in being much nar-

rower, and especially more parallel-sided ; the tibiee also

are relatively longer, and more slender.

I met with one example only of this species, a female,

at Serpa, near the mouth of the River Madeira. Not

being acquainted with the male, I have drawn up the above

imperfect diagnosis from the description of M. Buquet,

who obtained the insect from Bolivia.

Lacordaire founds his generic characters of Ctenoscelis,

in great measure, on the sexual differences in the punc-

tuation of the thorax, as shown in Ct. ater and acantho-

pus; this part of his diagnosis will no longer be appli-

cable, as Ct. Dyrrhacus and Nausithous show no such

differences.

Amazonian Prionides. 45

Genus [atyssvs.

J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 296.

1. Ialyssus tuberculatus.

Oliv. Ent. 66, p. 20, pl. 6, f. 22.

I. oblongus, fusco-castaneus, elytris (basi scabrosa ex-

cepta) rufo-ochraceis, levibus, opacis, angulis sutu-

ralibus spinosis; antennarum articulis primo et

tertio longituéline equalibus.

6. Thorax subtiliter creberrime punctato-rugosus,

opacus, disco utrinque plaga triangulari lineisque

duabus, et basi linea transversali, elevato-scabrosis,

nitidis.

@. Thorax omnino scabrosus.

Long. 2 une. 4 lin.

I found one example only, a male, of this rare species ;

at Ega, washed up on a sandy beach, after a storm, on

the river Teffé,

Genus MALLODONHOPLUS.

J. Thomson, Classif. des Ceramb. p.320; Lacord. Genera,

Vite park 7

Distinguished from the genus Mallodon by the femora

and tibiee, at least of the anterior lees, being armed with

rows of short denticulations, and by the scabrous punc-

tuation of the thorax. ‘The portion of Lacordaire’s

definition relating to the mandibles, will have to be

modified, to include the following species, which is

undoubtedly congeneric with the type species, M.

nobilis.

1. Mallodonhoplus crassidens, n. sp.

M. oblongus, paullulum convexus, piceo-niger, capite

grossissimé punctato, labro antice ligulaque fulvo-

hirsutis, mandibulis capite brevioribus (¢) extus

& basi valde rotundato-dilatatis vel tumidis, apice

acutissimis, supra scabrosis, intus concavis vix hir-

sutis et margine interiori medio dilatato quadri-

dentato ; antennis dimidium corporis superantibus,

46 Mr..H. W. Bates on

articulo primo grosse punctato; thorace quadrato,

supra scabroso, in medio elevationibus indistinctis

duabus levioribus ; elytris vix nitidis, passim crebre

minus profunde punctatis, angulis suturalibus spino-

sis; sternis omnibus grosse punctatis, pedibus anticis

denticulatis, tarsis piceo-rufis; yentris segmentis sin-

gulis valde convexis.

Long. g (mand. incl.) 2 unc. 4 lin.

Very similar in shape and sculpture to UM. nobilis,

Thoms., from Venezuela, the thorax bemg almost exactly

of the same outline and surface; it differs in being

entirely black, in the absence of fulvous hairs from ‘the

epistome, and in the great thickness of the mandibles.

These organs are much shorter than the head, and are

abruptly dilated externally, the apex of each énding in

a long acute point, and the inner edge about. the middle

being advanced, and armed with four short broad teeth,

nearly as in Mallodon spinibarbis. The elytra have a

marked convexity from base to apex.

Imet with only one example of this species, at ga,

cast up on a sandy beach, after a storm.

Genus Matiopon.

Serville; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 125.

1. Mallodon spinibarbis.

Lin. Mus, Lud. Ulr. p. 67.

M. piceo-niger, elytris castaneis, vel omnino fusco-

niger, capite grosse punctato, genis sub mandibulis

prolongatis acutis ; thorace plagis politis septem, in-

terstitiis in d¢ subtiliter crebre punctatis, in ¢

scabrosis; elytris subtilissime sparsim punctatis ;

processu prosternali plano, ¢ crebre punctato, ?

glabro.

A widely-distributed insect, found sometimes in great

numbers, under the loose bark of felled trees ; it is very

unstable in the outline of the thorax in both sexes, but it

may always be distinguished from the nearest allied

species by the angles of the cheeks below the mandibles

forming a simple “point, instead of being bifid. I have

specimens from Mexico, Cayenne, and Rio Janeiro, as

well as from the Amazons,

Amazonian Prionides. 47

2. Mallodon bajulus.

M. bajulus, Erichs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 138.

M. occipitale, Thomson, Physis, I. p. 93, ?.

@. Oblongus, depressus, fusco-niger, nitidus, ge-

narum processu bidentato: prothoracis disco polito,

medio serie punctorum obsoletorum longitudinali

notato, lateribus punctato-rugosis, margine obtuse

crenulato, angulis posterioribus denticulo acutiusculo

terminatis, elytris punctulatis. Long. 1” 5”.”

(Hrichs.) .

é. Mandibulis brevibus, supra et infra grosse punc-

tatis; capite grosse confluenter punctato ; thorace

plagis septem elevatis politis, omnibus (exteriori

utrinque excepta) basi conjunctis, interstitiis crebre

grossius punctatis ; elytris distincte punctatis; pro-

cessu prosternali conyexo, vix punctato.

Hab.—St. Paulo, Amazons.

I think it extremely probable that M. occipzttale,

Thoms., from Venezuela, belongs to the same species:

specimens before me referable to this species differ only

in the finer punctuation of the elytra. Mallodon bajulus,

of Hrichson, has been generally cited as the 2 of Chias-

metes Lime of Guérin, but Hrichson’s diagnosis lends no

support to such an inference ; the terms “ depressus—

genarum processu bidentato” being quite inapplicable to

Chiasmetes ; on the contrary, they fit the present species

of Mallodon which I found in the same tract of country

where Erichson’s insect was discovered by the traveller

Tschudi. M. Thomson makes no mention, in his mono-

graph of Mallodon, of the form of the anterior angles of

the cheeks, without which it is scarcely possible to give

satisfactory descriptions of the species.

Genus StTIcTOSoMUS.

Serville; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 144.

A remarkable genus, distinguished by its oblong-linear

depressed form, long acute mandibles curving downwards

48 Mr. H. W. Bates on

and a little backwards towards the apex, and by the ex-

tremely long claw-joint of the tarsi; the third joint of

the antennee is nearly as long as the four following taken

together, and is thickened and cylindrical.

1. Stictosomus semicostatus.

Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 1538.

St. oblongus depressus, niger, passim grosse punctatus,

elytris costis quatuor distinctis.

fone. tune. 10 ins. 4

One example, found near Montes Aureos, in the in-

terior, Hast of Para.

Genus Potyoza.

Serville ; Lacord. Genera, vill. p. 152.

1. Polyoza lineata, n. sp.

P. oblongo-linearis, rufo-fulva, elytris utrinque sutura

et carinis quatuor elevatis, interstitiis nigris: an-

tennis ( ¢) dimidium corporis vix superantibus, arti-

culis 3—8 basi laminas elongatas emittentibus.

Long. 1llin. (6).

Resembles in form P. Lacordaire: ; the head, palpi,

mandibles, and eyes offer scarcely any difference: the

thorax has on each side three teeth, the foremost one

very small, and the hindmost pointing towards the

shoulders of the elytra; its surface is sculptured in a

raised reticulate pattern. The elytra offer a raised

suture and four carinz, the interstices of which are of a

dark colour, the whole surface is finely rugose-punctate,

and the sutural angle acute, but not spinose. The an-

tenn are very much shorter than in P. Lacordairei, and

the long foliaceous appendages to the joints placed more

closely together. The underface and legs are finely

punctate-granulate and hairy, and of a paler hue.

One example, taken in a dead tree at Hga.

Amazonian Prionides. 49

Cohort 3. Peecilosomt.

Genus MAtLuasris.

Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 188.

The characters of this genus, in Lacordaire’s ‘‘ Genera,”

derived from the antennez, especially those of the @,

are no longer applicable, since species have lately been

discovered * which differ from the types in this respect.

In fact, there is now no character to distinguish the genus

from Pyrodes, except the pilose scutellum.

* These are as follows.

Mallaspis Beltii, nu. sp.

Species distinctissima, antennis in utroque sexu articulis linearibus,

colore 9 a g valde diverso; mesosterno et metasterno sutura dis-

tincte divisis.

‘6 «Long. 18-20 lin.

Oblonga, convexa, postice attenuata, ezneo-castanea, capite thoraceque

zneo-fuscis, antennis tibiis et tarsis rufo-castaneis, Caput magnum,

elongatissimum, subremote modice punctatum, lateribus parallelis,

fronte, late suleata. Thorax pone medium yalde dentatus, antice in

linea subrectus, angustatus, minute irregulariter denticulatus, pone

dentem sinuatus, angulis posticis nullis, supra equalis, modice crebre

punctatus, subnitidus, lateribus rugulosis. _Elytra parte basali con-

vexa, postice declivia, apice oblique truncata, angulo suturali pro-

minenti acuto, humeris antice protrusis, supra prope basin vermicu-

lato-punctata, postice subtiliter punctato-coriacea.. Corpus subtus

zneum, griseo-tomentosum; pedes rufo-castanei, femoribus obscu-

rioribus. Antenne corpore paulo longiores, rufe, articulis a 3°

omnibus linearibus, 3° paullo latiori sed lineari, ultimis duobus basi

intus spinosis. Scutellum aureo-tomentosum.

Q 15 lin. Forma ¢ similis; postice minus angustatus, capite breviori ;

thorace et elytris basi fortiter rugoso-punctatis, colore omnino satu-

rate-zeneo vel obscure-cyaneo, antennis pedibusque cyaneis ;, corpore

subtus glabro. Antenne corporis dimidio longitudine equales, arti-

culis linearibus, cyaneis. Processus prosterni canaliculatus.

Hab.—Chontales, Nicaragua. Dom. Belt invenit.

Mallaspis Salvin, n. sp.

M. Beltit proxime affinis ; eadem differentia sexttum formaque protho-

racis et antennarum.

3 Long. 15-16 lin. Oblonga, depressa, postice attenuata, supra tota

lete xnea, subtus aureo-refulgens. Caput thorax et elytra ut in DM.

Beltiz, sed illud grossius punctatum nitidum, hee prope apices minus

attenuata, obtusius rotundata. Antenne corpore longiores, articulis

Guokus ultimis basi tuberculatis, rufe. Pedes rufi, femoribus eneo-

inctis.

9 15 lin. M. Beltii 2 forma et colore simillima; caput multo grossius

rugoso-punctatum; antenne omnino violacee; processus prosterni

haud canaliculatus.

Hab.—Costa Rica. A Dom. Salvin receptus.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1869,—pParT I. (APRIL). E

50 Mr. H. W. Bates on

1. Mallaspis scutellaris.

Oliv. Ent. 66, p. 14, pl. 2, a. b.

M. obscure enea, elytris basi excepta cinnamoneis, —

thorace lateribus antice rotundatis et multidenticu-

latis, antennis articulis 4-7 basi et apice 8-11 totis

rufis, ¢ corpore multo longioribus articulis com-

pressis denticulatis, 2 brevioribus articulis dilata-

to-compressis.

Extremely rare; found only at Nauta, on the Upper

Amazons.

Genus Pyroves.

Serville ; Lacord. Genera, vii. p. 177.

1. Pyrodes pulcherrimus.

P. pulcherrimus, Perty, Del. An. Art. Bras. p. 86, t. 17,

f.4, 9.

P. fastuosus, Erichs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 139, ¢.

P. heterocerus, Erichs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 139, ¢.

P. antennatus, White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. p. 51, pl. 2,

f.6, ¢; Lucas, Voy. de Castelnau, Ins. pl.

10, f-8, 3.

P. petalocerus, White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. p. 50, ¢.

3. Medio valde convexus, colore variabilis, fusco-

ferrugineus vel eneo-fuscus, vel antice ferrugineo-

cupreus, postice ferrugineus; scutello apice prolon-

gato; antennis articulo tertio magno lato compresso,

azureo, reliquis rufis; capite thorace et scutello

crebre equaliter punctatis ; elytris vermiculato-coria-

ceis; femoribus cyaneis.

¢. Azureus vel cyaneus, elytris rugulosis nitidis,

fascia lata ante medium flavescenti-alba; antennis

cyaneis, articulo tertio simplicilineari. Variat thorace

maculis duabus rufis.

This beautiful and singular species was not infrequent

at Hga. The two sexes, as here described, have always

been considered distinct species; but the fact that all of

one form are males, and all of the other females, and that

they are invariably found together, on the trunks of trees,

induces me to consider them as pairs, although I never

ound them in copula.

Amazonian Prionides. 51

2. Pyrodes Snvithianus.

White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 12.

P. pulcherrimo (2) forma similis, thorace latiori, lateri-

bus antice rotundato-dilatatis. Cupreo-zneus, elytris

aureo-viridescentibus ; antennis brevibus tenuibus ;

thorace elytris latiori, cum capite et scutello crebre

distincte punctatis ; scutello elongato; elytris sutura

et costis duabus utrinque elevatis, crebre rugosis.

Long. 15 lin. (¢).

I found one specimen of this species on the foliage of

a low tree, at Caripi, near Para. Unfortunately it was

not reserved for my private collection, and I have drawn

up the above diagnosis from the type specimen in the

British Museum, which was found by Mr. J. P. G.

Smith, also at Caripi.

3. Pyrodes formosus, n. sp.

P. pulcherrimo (¢) forma simillimus, colore omnino

lete saturato-ceruleus, plagis duabus elytrorum

violaceis exceptis; caput thorax et scutellum sub-

opaci, confertim punctati; antenne ut in P. pul-

cherrimo (2) lineares, vel prope apicem incrassate,

cyanee; elytra fortiter, prope apices vix minus

forte, vermiculato-rugulosa, angulis suturalibus hand

productis, nitida; corpus subtus, et pedes, saturate

ceerulei.

Long. 15-18 lin. ¢.

Two female examples only of this beautiful species

were found, near St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. In the

British Museum there is a specimen from Cuenca, Hqua-

dor, entirely of a beautiful greenish-blue colour, and

rather more coarsely sculptured.

4, Pyrodes gratiosus, n. sp.

P. bifasciato, Linn., affinis, minor, colore ¢ valde di-

verso, et antennis distincte 11-articulatis.

g-. Oblongus, lete eneo-viridis, nitidissimus, elytris

testaceo-translucentibus. Caput et mandibula spar-

sim punctata, illo antice aureo, sulco frontali fundo

levi. Thorax quadratus, lateribus denticulatis,

52 ‘Mr. H. W. Bates on

medio fortiter dentatis, angulis posticis dentiformi-

bus, supra grosse punctatus, disco impressione magna

triloba. Scutellum leve. Hlytra oblongo-quadrata,

tertia parte basali grosse punctato-rugosa, dein

subito crebre subtiliter rugosa ; viridi-eenea, basi et

medio testaceo translucentia. Corpus subtus glaber-

rimum, prosterno gibbo, levi. Antenne corpore

paulo longiores, robuste, filiformes, nigre, articulis

4 basalibus cupreis. Pedes rufi, geniculis fuscis.

Long. 6 lin.

9. Oblongus, saturate cyaneus, capite thoraceque

grossius punctatis, vix nitidis, elytris basi tantum

micantibus, miniato-rubris, fascia sub-basali curvata

purpureo-nigra. Sulcus frontalis fundo levis. Thorax

-ut-in- ¢ quadratus, lateribus medio dente forte

armatis, angulis posticis dentiformibus, punctatus

scabrosus, medio impressione magna triloba. Scu-

tellum grosse punctatum, opacum. Elytra oblonga,

basi convexa, prope basin fortiter punctato-rugosa,

dein subito subtiliter rugosa. Antenne corpore

paulo breviores, minus robuste, filiformes, cyanez,

basi cupreo-violacez, articulis 3-7 supra sulcatis.

Corpus subtus cyaneum, nitidissimum. Pedes cyanei,

geniculis et tibus apice violaceis, tarsis rufis.

Long. 10-12 lin.

This beautiful species is readily distinguished in the

female from P. bifasciatus by the elytra having only one

dark fascia, and that near the base, commencing below

the shoulder, and curving towards the suture, which it

does not reach; the rest of the elytral surface is of a

clear red-lead colour, or dark vermillion, almost opaque,

except near the base, where it has a metallic lustre. The

slender 11-joited antenne distinguish it at once from

the female of P. nigricornis, Guér., besides the colour.

I obtained three female specimens of precisely similar

colours, two of which are in my own collection. The

males of these closely-allied species are less easily to be

distinguished ; I obtaimed only one example with the

three females ; but have seen a second, similar in size, in

Mr. Fry’s collection, also from Pard. The antenne are

notably more slender than in the ¢ of P. nigricornis,

and the terminal joint is much less elongate, bemg very

little longer than the penultimate, whilst it is half as long

Amazonian Prionides. 53,

again in P, nigricornis. The species seems peculiar to

the neighbourhood of Pard. P. bifasciatus 1s found at

Surinam and Demerara, and all the female specimens I

have examined have the two terminal joints of the an-

tennz blended into one elongate joint, with a trace of

the articulation.

5. Pyrodes nodicornis, n. sp.

9. LP. bifasciato simillimus, gracilior, antennis 10-

articulatis, thoracis angulis posticis haud prominenti-

bus. Oblongus, nigro-cyaneus, supra vix nitidus, sub-

tus politissimus. Caput et thorax grosse crebre

punctati, hoc quadrato angusto, in medio paulo dila-

tato et valde dentato, angulis posticis hand pro-

minentibus, supra impressione profunda triloba.

Elytra postice haud attenuata, medio vix rotundata,

supra preecipue versus basin et suturam grosse rugoso-

punctata, lete miniata, fascia lata communi prope

basin (margines haud attingente) alteraque apicali

(cum precedente vitta lata suturali conjuncta) cya-

neo-violaceis. Pedes cyanei, violaceo-micantes.

Antenne corpore paulo breviores, graciles, articulo

decimo precedentibus latiori, colore cupreo-violacez,

articulo tertio haud sulcato.

« Long. 11 lin., lat. 5 lin. 9.

One example, taken at St. Paulo, Amazons. Very

similar in form and colour to P. bifasciatus ; differs in

the tenth antennal joint being short and ovate, without

trace of constriction in the middle, and also in the

absence of projecting hind angles to the thorax.

6. Pyrodes nigricornis.

P, nigricornis, Guérin, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Verein zu

Wien, 1855, p. 598, 3.

P. rubrozonatus, Lucas, Voy. de Castelnau, Entom.

p 100; plexi fy 2" (1ao7) ~3*

3. Breviter oblongus, variat vel fulvo-testaceus

eneo tinctus, antennis (basi excepta) violaceo-

nigris, vel aureo-viridis splendens, elytris semifascia

rufa, vel cupreo-violaceus, fascia elytrali integra, vel

54 Mr. H. W. Bates on

pallidus, pedibus rufis, vel ut ante coloratus, pedibus

rufis femoribus tibiisque posticis plus minusve viola-

ceo-metallicis. P. gratioso differt antennis magis ro-

bustis, articulis brevioribus, elytris grossius punctato-

scabrosis, thoracis angulis posticis dentiformibus,

Latitudo thoracis variat.

Long. 8 lin. ¢.

@. Breviter oblongus, cyaneus, elytris violaceis, basi

splendide cupreis, pone medium fascia interrupta

rufa; thoracis angulis posticis dentiformibus; an-

tennis robustis, corpore multo brevioribus, 11-articu-

latis, articulo tertio haud sulcato: tarsis rufis.

I took many specimens of this species at St. Paulo,

Amazons, on the leaves of trees in the forest. One pair

were taken in copula. I have examined Guérin’s type of

P. nigricornis, and found it to agree with the palest of

my specimens. It was probably taken in the same

locality as mine, by Osculati, who spent some time at

the village of St. Paulo on his voyage down the Amazons,

7. Pyrodes dispar, n. sp.

P. precedentibus affinis, differt pedibus grosse et pro-

funde punctatis.

3. Oblongus, lete viridi-eneus; thorace inzequali,

grosse punctato, scabroso, lateribus medio spinosis,

angulis posticis dentiformibus. Elytra passim crebre

et grossius punctato-scabrosa. Pedes rufi, grosse

et profunde punctati, femoribus tibiisque posticis

cyaneis. Antenne corpore breviores, robuste, fili-

formes, cupree, articulo ultimo cum precedente quasi

concreto.

Long. 8 lin,

9. SBreviter oblongus, affinibus multo latior; viola-

ceus, supra passim crebre rugosus, sulci frontalis

fundo haud levi, thoracis disco haud foveato, angulis

posticis dentiformibus. Elytra plaga basali, altera

laterali pone medium, et margine exteriori inter has,

rubro-cupreis. Corpus subtus cupreo-nitidum, abdo-

mine crebre punctato, pedibus cyaneis, grosse et

profunde punctatis. Antenne dimidium corporis

vix excedentes, cyanez, 10-articulatee, articulo tertio

haud sulcato, decimo precedente latiori et duplo

longiori,

Amazonian Prionides. 55

The nearly coalescent two terminal joints of the antennze

will distinguish the male of this from the three preceding

species, as well as the much more deeply and roughly

punctured femora and tibize; the other characters, and

the colour, I think, may be more variable. The female

is distinguished from all by its great width of body, and

coarsely punctured femora and tibie. It differs greatly

from P. nodicornis in general form of body, and in the

prominent dentiform hind angles of the thorax. The

two terminal joints of the antenne are blended into one

in both species, without trace of separation, but the joint

thus formed is short and ovate in P, nodicornis, and

very elongate in P. dispar.

I have seen one pair only of this species, taken by

Mr. J. Hauxwell, at Pebas, on the Amazons.

In this group of Pyrodes, the scutellum seems to afford

no reliable specific characters, as it varies in shape and

sculpture in specimens undoubtedly belonging to the

same species; the form is nearly as in the common P.

speciosus, but its apex is more prolonged. In all the

species where the hind angles of the thorax are produced,

the lower margin is also dentiform, giving an appearance

of two teeth at the angle, one above the other. The

margin of the thorax anterior to the lateral spine, in all

the species, is irregularly and variably denticulate.

The general form and colours of the bifasciatus group

are so variable, that if future discoveries prove the ter-

minal joints of the antennee to be variable, the whole will

constitute one variable species, remarkable for its incon-

stancy in structural characters. *

* The genus Pyrodes, after withdrawing P. pictus (Perty) which having

the sides of the scutellum pubescent is better placed in Mallaspis, and

P. columbinus (Guér.) which belongs to the genus Esmeralda, contains the

following species: 1. P. pulcherrimus (ut supra). 2. P. formosus. 3.

P. tenvicornis, White, $ (2? =marginatus, White, Catal. p.49, ¢ =angusti-

collis, Lucas, Voy. de Casteln., p. 179, pl. 11. f. 1; the description leaves

no doubt whatever of this synonym, and the locality given by Lucas must

be erroneous). 4. P. Smithianus, White. 5. P. speciosus, Oliv. 6. P. eneus,

Buq., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 618. 7. P. bifasciatus, L., Oliv. 8. P.

nigricormis, Guér. (rubrozonatus, Lucas). 9. P. gratiosus. 10. P. nodi-

cornis. 11. P. dispar. There remains only one undescribed species in

all the extensive collections of Longicorns which I have examined in Lon-

don; this is a fine one from New Granada, represented by a single female

ale, in Mr. Fry’s possession, derived from the Dejean-Laferté Col-

ection.

a4 Mr. H. W. Bates on

Genus EsMEraLpA.

J. Thomson, Classif. des Ceramb. p. 303; Lacord.

Genera, vill. p. 178.

Distinguished from Pyrodes by the great width. and

length of the scutellum, which, in the male, is nearly,

half the length of the elytra; and by the metasternum

being greatly advanced between the middle, coxe, and

nearly hiding the grooved mesosternum, which lies

obliquely on its anterior face; the prosternum is also. of

great width, and its point does not interlock with the

mesosternum. ‘The antenne in the ¢ are very robust,

compressed, and subserrate; the. tibie also. are. com;

pressed into thin blades.in both sexes, and the tarsi are

excessively short.

The only species of this charming group hitherto de-

scribed is H. suavis, Thoms. But I have no doubt what-

ever of this being the g of Pyrodes columbinus, of Guérin

(said by White, erroneously as I think,* to be the

Cerambyx auratus of Linneus). I captured the male and

female of the following species together, but not in

copula, on the trunk of a slender tree, and as the differ-

ences between them are not at all greater than in many

species of Pyrodes, the conclusion that they are sexes of

one and the same species is not to be resisted.

1. Hsmeralda letifiea, n. sp.

3. Oblonga, depressa, viridi-enea, nitidissima, capite.

antice et infra thoraceque toto testaceo-rufis aureo-

tinctis, femoribus 4 anticis et processu. metasternali

rufis, elytris violaceis, subtilissime rugoso-puncta-

tis, bicostatis, triente basali excepta. sparsim. punc-

tatis.

Long. 6 lin.

?. Late oblonga, subdepressa, late cyanea, scutello

et corpore subtus violaceis. ; a .

Long. 94 lin.

Differs from FE, columbina, Guér. (3, suavis, Thoms.)

in both sexes, by the basal third of the elytra being

glossy, and marked with very few punctures ; the seutel-

lum has a few very fine punctures on each side. The

* The phrase of Linneus “ elytra rubro-viridi-aurata’’ is not at all ap-

plicable to any specimen of EH. columbina which I have seen.

Amazonian Priowedes. 57

thorax in the ¢ has its lateral margins free from crenu-

lations, and is of a tawny-orange colour above and

beneath, except a, narrow mark on the hind margin on

each side; above, it has a few strong punctures on the

sides, and in the deep central fovea. In the 9? the

thorax is crenulate on the sides, and has numerous

large punctures on the sides, and in the central fovea,

most of the elevated portions being impunctate. The

posterior part of the elytra, in both sexes, is rendered

rough and opaque by the extreme closeness and minute-

ness of its punctuation. In the ¢, the middle coxe,

the greater part of the anterior and middle femora, and

the broad metasternal process, are fulvous-red.

I met, with one pair only of this species, on the trunk

of a.slender tree, in a,small, clearing in the forest, near

St. Paulo, on the Amazons. They were actively moving

about.in the heat of the mid-day sun.

The following genus seems to be a degraded form of

the Pyrodes type, wanting the grooved mesosternum, the

sulcate head, and many other minor characters of the

group. Its projecting metasternum indicates a nearer

affinity with Hsmeralda than with the Pecilosomine, in

which group it is placed by Lacordaire. No other

member of the Peecilosomine or Solenopterince is found

on the Amazons. *

* The following very interesting species has recently been discovered

by Mr. Belt at Chontales, Nicaragua; it connects the two North-American

genera Holonotus and Sphenostethus. ,

Holonotus nigrowneus, n. sp.

Elongatus, convexus, scaphiformis, Sphenostetho serripenni similis, sed

scutello haud elongato, aterrimus nitidus, supra precipue elytris zneo-

tinctus. Caput parvum, supra late suleatum, grosse sparsim puncta-

tum. Antenne (¢) dimidio corporis breviores, articulis valde com-

pressis latis, vix punctatis. Thorax a basi usque ad apicem attenuatus

et declivis, marginibus lateralibus integris, disco sparsim subtiliter,

lateribus grosse et rugose punctatus, margine postico elytris angus-

tiore, utrinque sinuato, lobo mediano truncato. Scutellum latum,

triangulare, apice depressum, leve. Elytra a basi usque ad apices

regulariter attenuata, humeris obliquis rotundatis, apicibus rotundato-

truncatis serratis ; supra coriacea, subnitida, passim modice punctata.

Subtus glaber, pectoris lateribus punctatis, vix pilosis; mesosternum

crassum, apicem prosterni incumbens. Pedes nigerrimi, nitidi, tarsis

brevibus, latis.

Long. 1 une. 2 lin., lat.5 lin. Q.

Hab.—Chontales, Nicaragua ; in Mus. nostr.

58 Mr. H. W. Bates on Prionides.

Genus Nictas.

Nicias, J. Thomson, Arch. Entom. 1. p. 186.

Hamadryades, Thomson, lib. cit. p. 22 (olim).

1. Nicias alurnoides.

J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. p. 23, pl. 9, f. 3.

N. niger, nitidus, elytris stramineis, quarta parte api-

cali maculaque utrinque mediana transversa nigris ;

abdomine rufo-testaceo.

fone. 7 lins.2%

I found two examples of this pretty and singular

Prionid, on different days, on the foliage of trees at

Hea; one of them is now in my own collection, the other

I believe was sent to Paris. The beautiful figures of

M. Thomson render further description unnecessary.

( 59 )

X. Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in Europe

and the adjoining Countries; with a Description

of a singular new Species from Java, By R,

McLacatan, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc.

[Read 15th March, 1869. ]

In this paper I have attempted to give a synopsis of

the European species of Panorpa, with comparative diag-

noses in a tabular form, and remarks. I enumerate

twelve species, whereof two are insufficiently known, and

five are new, two of the latter coming from Mingrelia,

a country which, though politically forming part of

Europe, is more decidedly Asiatic.

Owing to the similarity of markings, much confusion

has existed ; but the decided characters exhibited in the

abdomen of the male, especially in the four terminal seg-

ments, separate the species very readily; the form of

the two narrow appendices lying on the face of the

claw-bearing terminal segment is also a means of differ-

entiating closely allied forms ; and the parts under these

appendices would, no doubt, well repay attentive study,

in the living insect. The markings in the wings furnish

less important characters; for though each species has a

certain typical arrangement of the markings, the devia-

tions are so many, and frequent, that reliance cannot be

placed on it alone. The neuration is probably still more

given to vary, especially in the number of the furcations ;

but the comparative length of the sub-costal vein divides

the species into two groups. The number of teeth in

the claws of the tarsi is not noticed in this paper, because,

in dry specimens, one or more of the teeth are frequently

hidden by the large spongy pulvillus, and hence this

character is a dangerous one on which to ground specific

distinctions.

In the citations of authors, only the most important

are noticed; and I have omitted Klug’s monograph alto-

gether, because all the Huropean species are grouped

therein under P. communis, and no indication given of

the male abdominal characters ; in Westwood’s mono-

graph the same omission occurs for the European forms;

but at the time these two works were published, these

all-important characters were little understood. In

Walker’s British Museum Catalogue several species are

confounded under P. germanica and communis,

TRANS. ENT, SOC, 1869,—ParT I. (APRIL).

60 Mr. R. McLachlan Bn:

The plate accompanying this synopsis gives figures of

each species, with the most general arrangement of the

markings, and also enlarged outlines of the terminal

seements of the male abdomen and appendices.

In conclusion, I express my thanks to Baron de Selys

Longchamps, and Chevalier Victor Ghiliani, for their

liberal gift and loan of examples, without which aid this.

work could not have been attempted.

Genus PANnorPA.

Tabula Specierum Huropeearum.

A. Sub-costa alarum omnium costz medium (nec ultra):

tangens.

a. Ale parce brunneo-punctate. Abdominis* ¢

segmenta 7 et 8 modica, conica.

P. alpina, Rambur.

aa. Alz valde atro-punctate fasciateeque.. Abdomi-

nis segmenta 7 et 8 elongata, angustata, conica;

7 supra ad basin conspicue tuberculatum.

P. caucasica, (De Selys).

B. Sub-costa alarum anticarum pterostigma tangens.

b. Abdominis ¢ segmenta 7 et 8 conica,

c, Seomentum 6 apicem versus gradatim angus-

tius, truncatum ; 7 et 8 modice elongata.

d. Appendices segmenti 9 elongate,. hand

truncate.

e. Alze fascia subapicali completé.. Segmen-

tum 6um 7mo longius. P. communis, L.

ee. Alee fascia sub-apicali interruptaé. Seg-

mentum 6um 7mo equale.

P. connexa, MecLach,

*. Panorpe- abdomen: censeo novem segmenta habere, quorum primum

sub metanoto partim. latet.

Panorpa. 61

dd. Appendices segmenti 9 breves, ad apicem

dilatatze truncate.

jf. Appendices breviores, ad apicem recte

truncate, vix rotundate.

P. germanica, L.

ff. Appendices longiores, ad apicem oblique

truncate, processus segmenti 3 valde

major. . . . P. gibberosa, McLach.

ce. Segmentum 6 oblongum, supra concavum et

ad apicem triangulariter productum, latera-

liter excisum ; 7 et 8 brevia.

P. meridionalis, Rambur.

bb. Abdominis ¢ segmentum 7 plus minusve irregu-

lariter cylindricum, supra dilatatum, 8 vix coni-

cum, 6 quadratum vel oblongum, profunde

lateraliter excisum.

g. Alee conspicue atro-fasciate et maculate.

h. Segmentum 7 supra ad basin valde dilata-

tum ; appendicibus segmenti ultimi linea-

ribus, elongatis, fere rectis, divaricatis.

P. annexa, (De Selys).

hh. Segmentum 7 supra in medio paullo dilata-

tum ; appendicibus segmenti ultimi brevi-

bus, gradatim latioribus, ad basin apicem-

que convergentibus. P. Ghilianii, McLach.

gg. Ale paullo fusco-nigro signate. Segmentum 7

fere regulariter cylindricum; appendicibus

segmenti ultimi rectis, linearibus, divari-

CAS. ino sm ow fs 2. Cognata, Aambur.

Species miht non satis cognite.

a, Alee flavo-tincte, fasciis duabus, maculis duabus vel

tribus, apicibusque conspicue atro-signate. (6

TODOS). aon ot a 2, +» at ph. plata, Hagens

8. Ale punctis tribus ante medium, linea irregulari

obliqua pone stigma, apicibusque fuscis; ptero-

stigmate magno rufo. . P. rufostigma, Westwood.

62 Mr. R. McLachlan on

Tabula magnitudinum.

alpina, exp.alar, 12-134 lin. (anglic.) =25-28 millim.

CHUCOSICR 55,2 Vn LA Seam.

.communis ,, 4, 12-154 lin. =25-32 mill.

.germanica ,, ,, 10-12 lin. =21-25 mill.

SGtUbeTOSA 5, 1y, “12 Im. =25 anil,

sonneee’ yl, 13d bn. 27 aml

.meridionalis ,, 12-15 lin. =25-31 mill.

. annexa » 9 183-14lim. =28-294 mill.

.Ghilianiti ,, ,, 104-18 lin. =22-27 mill.

.cognata ,, ,, 184-143 lin. =28-30} mill.

P. picta » 9, 144-17 lin. =303-37 mill.

P. rufostigma ,, 4, 13 lm. =27 mill.

bythe

A. Sub-costa in all the wings becoming confluent with the

costa about half-way between the base and apea.

1. Panorpa aLprina, Rambur. (PI. IV. fig. 1).

P. alpina, Rambur, Névrop. p. 330 (1842). P. variabilis,

Brauer, Neurop. Aust. p. 85 (1857).

Found only in elevated districts, and probably occurs

in all the mountain ranges of central Europe. Halloy in

Belgium (De Selys). Has not yet been noticed in Britain.

The species with the wings least spotted of all, there

being only scattered brown dots, whereof that at the

pterostigma is the largest. Third abdominal segment

(¢) considerably produced in the middle of its apex

above; sixth slightly narrowed from base to apex, trun-

cate ; seventh and eighth cone-shaped, each as long as

the sixth, narrow at the base, and the seventh with an

indistinct tubercle at that part above ; appendices of the

last segment straight, flattened, and linear, short; claws

of this segment short.

Rambur’s type has lost, as he notes, the terminal seg-

ments, and he does not notice the short sub-costa, but

the example now in De Selys’ collection, proves the

identity of the species with that of Brauer.

Panorpa. 63

2. Paworpa caucasica,n.sp. (Pl. IV. fig. 2).

P. caucasica, De Selys, MS.

Taken in Mingrelia, by M. T. Deyrolle, in 1868.

Two ¢ and three ¢ in De Selys’ collection.

A species with the wings strongly marked ; the sub-

apical fascia forms a large, irregularly oblong spot, ex-

tending from the costa half across the wing, and then

emitting two narrow curved branches to the inner mar-

gin. The antepenultimate and penultimate segments

(¢) extremely long, and very narrow at the base, and

very gradually and regularly dilated, the antepenultimate

(7th) with a distinct tubercle at the extreme base above;

the claws of the terminal segment very long. The whole

body, including the terminal segments, deep black.

A very distinct and well-marked species.

B. Sub-costa in the anterior wings reaching to the

pterostigma.

8. Panorpa communis, Linné. (Pl. IV. fig. 3).

P. communis, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 384 (1761), et auct.

The commonest species in Northern and Central Europe.

The sub-apical fascia is angulate, and usually furcate

on the inner margin, especially in the 9, the apical spot

large, and more or less broken up into smaller spots in

its lower portion. The third abdominal segment (¢) is

scarcely produced above at its apex; the sixth very long

and truncate at the apex; seventh and eighth each

shorter than the sixth, conical; appendices of the ter-

minal segment long and cylindrical, approximating at

the base and apex.

Var? difinis, mihi. From Belgium and Piedmont I

have ¢ ¢ of an insect which I cannot separate from P.

communis by any certain structural characters, yet it

has a somewhat different aspect, being smaller (exp. alar.

12 lin.) than usual, and more compact; the third seg-

ment is, perhaps, more sensibly produced in the middle.

Baron de Selys Longchamps finds it with the type-form,

yet preserving its peculiar facies: further investigation

may perhaps establish its right to specific distinction.

An insect figured in Imhoff and Labram’s “ Insekten

der Schweiz,” under the name of P. vulgaris, may pos-

sibly be the same as this.

64 Mr. R. McLachlan on

4, PaworPa oermanica, Linné. (Pl. IV. fig. 4).

P. germanica, Linn, Syst. Nat. p. 915 (1767); Curtis,

Brit. Ent. pl. 696; Ramb. Névrop. p. 829; Haton, Ann.

and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p.397. P. affinis, Leach, Zool.

Misc. ii. p. 98, pl. 94, fig. 2 (1815) ; Steph. Ill. p.52. P.

apicalis, Steph. Il. p. 52 (1836). P. montana, Brauer,

Neurop. Aust. p. 36 (1857). P. borealis, Steph. Ill. p. 58

(1836) ?

Almost equally common with the last in all Northern

and Central Europe, and certainly the true species de-

scribed by Linné, according to the type in his collection.

Wings with a slight brownish tinge; markings macu-

late (not fasciate), the apical spot moderate (varies very

greatly in number and intensity of markings). The

third abdominal segment (¢) is strongly produced in

the middle of the apical margin above; the sixth scarcely

longer than the seventh, truncate at the apex; seventh

and eighth cone-shaped; appendices of the terminal

segment short, flattened, dilated and truncate at the apex.

5. PanoRPa GIBBEROSA, n. sp. (Pl. IV. fig. 5).

Montenegro (3) and Isle of Tinos (?). Taken by

M. Erber, and sent by him to the Baron de Selys

Longchamps, who has submitted it to my examination.

A species evidently allied to P. germanica, yet de-

cidedly distinct ; in size rather larger. In the ¢ the

wings have a faint yellowish tinge ; in the basal half are

one or two indistinct dots; at the pterostigma is a large

quadrate blackish-brown spot, and a dot below it, and the

apex is also blackish-brown. The third abdominal seg-

ment is produced, in the middle of its apical margin above,

into a large rounded hump; the sixth longer than the

seventh, formed as in P. germanica; the seventh and

eighth equal, conical; appendices of the terminal seg-

ment formed somewhat as in P. germanica, but longer ;

the apex oblique, produced at the inner angle, and after-

wards very slightly excised; beyond the apex of each of

these appendices is to be seen the point of a large crotchet

which underlies them (this is also evident in P. germa-

nica, but less conspicuously) .

The ¢, from Tinos, which I consider to pertain to the

same species, has the wings more strongly marked ; the

basal spots are larger, that at the pterostigma smaller,

| Panorpa. 65

but below it are two others, the three forming a macu-

lose fascia; the apex as in the @; several of the trans-

verse veinlets much clouded.

The ¢ much resembles some forms of P. cognata in

its markings. There is a strong probability that this

is P. rufostigma, Westwood (vide post, p. 68), and the

@ above noted agrees remarkably in its markings with

those of the ¢ of that species, as described by Pro-

fessor Westwood ; yet both sexes want the large red

pterostigma from which the name was derived, that por-

tion of the wings being only more decidedly yellower in

M. Erber’s examples. Under these circumstances, I

think it best to describe the species as distinct. The

abdominal characters are much as in P. germanica, but

the hump on the third segment is very much larger, and

the appendices of the last sezment differ, although formed

after the same plan.

6. Panorpa connexa, n.sp. (Pl. IV. fig. 6).

Taken in Minerelia, by M. T. Deyrolle, in 1868. Two

6 in De Selys’ collection.

Of the same size as P. germanica, and allied thereto.

The wings show a wedge-shaped spot extending from

the pterostigma half across the wing, with an elongate

spot on the inner margin, the two markings forming an

interrupted sub-apical fascia ; the apical spot small; two

or three small spots in the basal half. Third abdominal

segment (¢) not produced in the middle of the apical

margin above; sixth as in germawica; seventh and eighth

conical, more elongate than in germanica, the seventh

slightly the longer; appendices of terminal segment

long, linear, slightly dilated towards the apex, but not

truncate.

7. Panorpa MERIDIONALIS, Rambur. (Pl. IV. fig. 7).

P. meridionalis, Rambur, Névrop. p. 829 (1842) ; Ed.

Pict. Névrop. d’Espagne, p. 83, pl. vin. fig. 9-12.

Middle and South of France, Pyrenees, Spain.

A large species, with the wings very strongly marked

with deep black, and the veins also black: ordinarily

there is an isolated black spot in the middle of the base,

two large opposite spots before the middle (nearly form-

ing an interrupted fascia), a costal spot in the middle, a

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1869.-—PARTI (APRIL). F

66 Mr. R, MeLachlan on

sub-apical fascia furcate in its lower half, anda broadly

black apex, in which are two pale dots. The third abdo-

minal segment (¢@) scarcely produced in the middle of

tle apex above; sixth oblong, the upper surface concave

and produced at the anex in a triangular form, the sides

excised (not edged with yellow); seventh and eighth

cone-shaped, short, narrow at the base, and very much

dilated at the apex ; appendices of the terminal segment

linear, flattened, approximating at the base and apex (a

small lobe at the base of the claws of this segment).

Head and terminal segments bright reddish.

This species has the sixth seement formed after the

manner of that in the succeeding species, but the seventh

and eighth both cone-shaped, as in the preceding.

8. Panorpa annexa. (PI. IV. fig. 8).

P. annexa, De Selys, MS.; P. meridionalis, Schneider,

Stett. Zeit. 1845, p. 340. (2ec Rambur). P. cognata, var.,

Hagen, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1860, p. 747, (nec

Rambur).

Monte Viso (Piedmont), Sicily; probably in all Italy.

All the markings smaller and less intense than in P.

meridionalis, the apical border enclosing one large hyaline

spot in its lower half; the veins less strongly black.

Third abdominal segment {d¢) slightly produced in the

middle of its apical margin above; sixth short, quadrate,

broader than long, the lateral margins deeply excised

(ordinarily edged with yellow), the apex above scarcely

produced; seventh longer than the sixth, inserted below

the excision, viewed from the side its lower edge is

straight, its upper edge greatly swollen near the base,

then deeply concave, and finally raised at the apex;

eighth sub-cylindrical, scarcely cone-shaped, slightly

swollen above towards the base; appendices of the last

segment straight, lmear, flattened, slightly divergent

from base to apex (a small lobe at the base of the claws

of this segment). Head, rostrum, and terminal segments

ordinarily reddish.

Hitherto confounded with P. meridionalis, hut very

distinct. The examples from Monte Viso (Ghiliani) are

smaller than those from Sicily, and darker; the head

sometimes marked with blackish, and the apical margin

of the sixth segment not edged with yellow.

Panorpas 67

9... Panorpa Guitranit, n, sp. (Pl. IV. fig. 9).

Turin (received from the Chevalier Victor Ghiliani).

A. small species, and strongly marked with black. In

the anterior wings there is a small spot in the disc near

the. base, three spots before the middle, a small costal

Spot in the middle, a sub-apical fascia formed by a large

costal spot emitting two narrow branches to the inner

margin, and a very broad black apex, which encloses one

or two pale dots at its upper and lower edges. Third

abdominal. segment (¢) not produced, above; sixth

formed as in P. annexa, but longer, and with the apex

more produced above, as in P. meridionalis ; seventh in-

serted below the excision, slightly shorter than the sixth,

formed much like that in P. annexa, but shorter, thinner

at the base, the upper edge less swollen, and the swelling

further from the base, afterwards less concave and. less

elevated at the apical margin; eighth shorter than the

seventh, sub-cylindrical, scarcely cone-shaped ; appen-

dices of the last segment short, flattened, rather broad,

obtusely rounded at the apex, nearly parallel. (a larger

lobe at the base of the claws of this segment).

Ihave seen two ¢ and one ¢ of this distinct species.

10. Panorpa cocnata, Rambur. (Pl. LV. fig. 10).

P. cognata, Rambur, Névrop. p. 330 (1842); Eaton,

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 397; Mchach. Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, p. 216. P. yermanica, Brauer,

Neurop. Aust. p. 36 (nec Linn.). P. alpina, Hag. Ent.

Ann. 1858, p. 32 (nee Rambur). 7

Central Europe, South of England, Belgium.

Wings less marked than any of the European species,

excepting P: alpina, and the markings are brown, and

not black or blackish ; ordinarily there is a small dot at

the commencement of the second sector, a large more or

less quadrate spot at the pterostigma, scarcely united

to a smaller one below it, and an irregular apical spot

(but frequently there are only the apical spot and that

at the pterostigma). The third abdominal segment is

considerably produced in the middle of its apical margin

above; sixth oblong, longer than broad, somewhat pro-

duced at,its apex above, the sides excised; seventh sub-

eylindrical, its upper edge scarcely swollen near the base,

concave towards the apex, and with the apex slightly

68 Mr. R. McLachlan on

elevated, rather shorter than the sixth ; eighth cylindri-

cal, obscurely cone-shaped ; appendices of the terminal

segment long, cylindrical, straight, slightly divergent.

Head and terminal segments reddish.

Rambur was unacquainted with the locality of his type,

and thought it might be exotic ; but it undoubtedly re-

presents this rather local Kuropean species.

(Species insufficiently known to me).

11. Panorpa picta, Hagen. (Pl. IV. fig. 11).

P, picta, Hagen, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. vol. vii. Palas

(1863).

Asia Minor and South Russia.

The male of this species is yet unknown. Hagen’s

type from Asia Minorisa 9, and I possess an example

of that sex, received from Professor Zeller (n7qrirostris,

Zeller, MS.), collected by Kindermann in Southern

Russia, which I believe to belong to this species, though

it is considerably smaller (exp. alar. 144 lin. =304 mill.)

than the dimensions given by Hagen.

It is a large insect, with the body (rostrum included),

save the terminal abdominal segments, deep black, and

belonging to section B. ‘The wines are broad and obtuse,

slightly tinged with yellowish, and with the black mark-

ings strongly indicated. At the base of the disc of the

anterior wings is an isolated spot, above which, on the

costi, is a smuller one; before the middle is a broad

irregular fascia; in the middle of the costa a large spot;

a broad sub-apical fascia, forked in its lower half, and

much constricted before the furcation; and a broad apical

band, enclosing a large hya‘ine spot in its lower half.

The only European species with a complete fascia be-

fore the middle.

12. Panorpa rurostiaMa, Westwood.

P. rufostigma, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. iv.

p. 186 (1846).

Albania.

Indicated by Westwood as perhaps a var. of P. ger-

manica, and remarkable for its large red pterostigma.

The type is in the collection of Mr. 8. S. Saunders, of

Corfu, and I am unable to give any more precise infor-

mation concerning the species. A Grecian species is

also’noticed by Stein (Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1863, p. 414)

Panorpa. 69

under P. communis, which may possibly be the 9 of

Westwood’s insect; and both may be the same as P.

gibberosa (ante, p. 64).

Description of a new species from Java.

PAaNORPA NEMATOGASTER, n. sp. (Pl. IV. fig. 12).

P. nigra. Thoracis dorsum rufo-varium ; pectus pe-

desque rufi vel rufo-fusci. Abdominis segmentum

3um processu curvato supra in medio icnge produc-

tum; 4tum tuberculo uno supra instructum ; Gum Sto

duplo longius, apicem versus gradatim paullo angus-

tins, truncatum; Yum et Sum singulatim 6to duplo

longius, per-angustum, apicem versus paullo grada-

tim dilatatum; 9um parvum, forcipe elongato, ap-

pendicibus crassis, rectis. Als per-anguste, flavo-

testaceze, nitide, haud signate; pterostigmate

rufo-fuscescente. Tarsorum | ungues bi-dentati.

Bee. corp. yd 1027,:9..6°% 5. exp, alar. gd 133s"5 9

i. —Java. In Muss. Brit. (Wallace), et Oxon.

6. Head, antennx, and abdomen dull black. Pro-

notum black, posteriorly reddish at the sides. Meso-

and meta-nota red, che former black in front. Breast

red, with two small black dots on each side. Rostrum

reddish, with a broad lurid stripe down the front. Palpi

reddish, the apical joint black. Legs reddish ; claws of

the tarsi with two broad and blunt teeth internally below

the apex. Wings very narrow, shining pale yellowish

testaceous, without markings: of any kind, save that the

pterostigma is slightly fuscescent ; veins blackish, sub-

costa reaching to the pterostigma in the anterior wings.

Abdomen very slender ; third segment produced in the

middle of its apical margin above, into a long slender

curved process, slightly dilated at the extremity ; fourth

with a small tubercle in the middle above ; third, fourth,

and fifth nearly equal in length; sixth nearly twice the

length of the fifth, gradually but slightly. narrowed to-

wards the apex, which is obliquely” truncate ; seventh

and eighth each about twice the length of the sixth, very

slender, the apex gradually dilated ; ninth small, the

forceps very long, the points curved and: crossing each

other, appendices short and thick, straight.

-.. §. Differs in the breast and legs being more ob-

scurely reddish, somewhat fuscescent.

70 Mr. R. McLachlan on Panorpa.

A singular species ; remarkable for the long and very

slender abdomen of the male, and for the ‘pale ‘wings

without markings, which give it somewhat the appear-

ance of a small Bittacus. Fhere is one ¢ and one

@ in the collection of the British Museum (formerly in

that of Mr. W. W. Saunders), collected in Java by Mr.

A. R. Wallace; and one ¢ in the Oxford Museum.

-I do'not know P. Charpenticri of Burmeister, from the

Hast Indies,” which, from the brief diagnosis, is‘a very

slender species, without markings, save one dot in each

wing.

Note on the distribution of the genus Panorpa,

Up: to the present time about thirty-six species‘have

been noticed. In Europe and the adjoining countries,

twelve ; some of these, no doubt, extend to North: Africa,

but the*genus has not been brought from the ‘tropical

and southern-parts of ‘that Continent ; three are' described

from the Asiatic Continent, excluding Caucasia and Asia

Minor; five are indicated from Japan, some of which,

probably, occur also in North China; three from Java ;

and: about thirteen from North America. South America

has not as yet furnished any species, though it is probable

that some may occur in Chili. From Australia they are

also, absent, for P. rusiceps, of Newman, which comes from

that quarter, should be referred to Westwood’s; genus

Euphania* as a second species.

* Tt appears to me that Hupharia is-identical with’ Choriste-of Klug ;

and that £. luteola is the same as C. australis.

Explanation of Plate IV.

(Panorpa ; a denotes apex of abdomen; 6, appendices).

Fig. 1. Anterior wing of P. alpina, g. (1a, 1b).

2 iF », Ps caucasica, J. , (2a, 2b).

3. Pr » P. communis, g. (8a, 3b).

“4, °F » £. germanica, g. Ad 40).

~ 5. a » P.gibberosa, g. -(Sa, 5b).

‘<6, A » FP. connexa, g.- (6a, 6b).

Te Ih 99 (4, Pomeridionalis, @. (Ta, 7).

a. + 55 » P.dnnexa, 8. (8a, :8d).

oth - » P.Ghilianti, 8 (Gay9b).

plas % » P.cognata, g. (10a, 100).

lye ‘e » LP. gicta, ¢.

12,°°P; nematogaster, abdomen of ¢, and terminal “seg-

ment magnified. :

(71 ).

XI. Descriptions of new Specics of Diurnal Lepidoptera.

By W. C. Hewirson, F.L.S.

[Read 5th April, 1869.)

Tue following are descriptions of six new species of

butterflies, be’onging to the genera Leptalis, Pieris, Catu-

gramma, Heterochvoa, and Aterica ; to these is added a

description of the male of Hurma Hypatha, the female of

which has: been figured in “‘ Exotic Butterflies.”

1. Leptalis Carthesis.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown. Anterior wing long

and narrow, costal margin much and regularly curved,

apex rounded, outer margin sinuate: crossed at the

middle by a band divided into four by the nervures,

deeply ‘sinuate (nearly cut in two) on its inner margin

near and below the sub-costal nervure : a sub-apical band

of three spots, and a large oval spot on the inner margin,

all white. Posterior wing with the costal half polished,

and bordered outwardly by a band of white, dentate on

its outer border at the nervures; the wing beyond this

band. brown.

Underside. Anterior wing with the basal half (except

the costal: margin, which is brown) polished; the spot

on the inner margin much larger, the central band the

same as above ; beyond it brown, tlic apical band larger;

divided into five by the nervures. Posterior wing brown,

the costal inargin, a band below and parallel to it (partly

orange), three spots below this (two tinted with orange),

and a central band trom the base, yellow; below this

band, rufous crossed by dark brown nervures, and a sub-

marginal band of pale yellow spots.

Exp. 25% inches.

Hub.—Demerara,

In the collection of Mr. Herbert Druce.

Ido not know any species with which to compare this.

It has the form of L. Astynome and the colour of L. Cri-

tomed iw.

TRANS, ENT. soc. 1869.—PART I. (APRIL)

72 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on

2. Pieris Paroreta.

Upperside, white. Anterior wing with the costal mar-

gin dark brown, narrow: the apex and outer margin

broadly dark brown, deeply sinuate on its inner border

and marked by five hastate white spots indistinct below

the apex. Posterior wing with the margin (which is

broken into spots near the anal angle) and three or four

spots near the apex, dark brown.

Underside, white, tinted with yellow on the posterior

wing. Anterior wing with the apical spots much larger

than above, six in number, and tinted with yellow. Pos-

terior wing with the base, a spot at the end of the cell,

and the outer margin, brilliant yellow, with two sub-

marginal bands of black spots; the inner band of seven

large spots.

Exp. 2} inches.

Huh.—-Cape Coast Castle.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very near to P. Calypso, but, I believe, distinct. It

is without the black spots which mark the end of the

cell on both wings of that species.

3. Catagramma Aplidna.

Male. Upperside. Black: the fringe of both wings

spotted with white. Anterior wing with the basal half

carmine ; a sub-apical bifid band of white, with some

irrorations of white at each end of it. Posterior wing

with two or three spots of nale bine near the anal angle.

Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that the

costal margin at its base is yellow, that there is a line of

blue near and parallel to the costal margin, that the sub-

apical band is longer and tinted with yellow, and that

there is a sub-marginal band of cerulean blue, and be-

tween it and the apex a band of gray. Posterior wing

lilac-gray: the base yellow: two lines of dark brown

commence at the base of the costal margin each by a

carmine spot, run nearly straight and parallel to each

other and the inner margin to the anal angle, are con-

tinued near the outer margin and slightly undulated, and

join the costal margin near the middle: these lines enclose

between them, near the anal angie, some spots of ceru-

lean blue: the outer margin dark brown: at the centre

New species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 73

of the wing there are two large black spots, one (near

the costal margin) marked by three spots of cerulean

blue, the other with two, all bordered with ochreous

yellow.

Bzp. 1§inch,

Hub —Venezuela (Valencia).

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson. From Mr. Goering.

Near to C. Thamyras, of Menetries. The underside

of the posterior wing is, however, of a very different and

unusual colour, and unlike any other butterfly.

4. Heterochioa Oaphira.

Female. Upperside. Dark brown. Both wings crossed

by a broad white band, which commences at the second

median nervule of the anterior wing, where it is crossed

by black nervures, and ends at the anal angle of the

posterior wing, crossed by white nervures. Anterior

wing with four black lines in the cell: a large spot near

the costal margin beyond its middle, two small spots be-

low this, and two near the apex, all orange: two sub-

marginal black bands. Posterior wing with three sub-

marginal bands.

Underside. Rufous brown, with the central band as

above. Anterior wing with the base white, crossed in

the cell by a line of brown, followed by a large white

spot, and beyond the cell by two small ones, all bordered

with black (as in H. Melona) ; the orange spots of the

upperside white, the apical spots forming part of a sub-

marginal band of spots, between which and the margin

there is another band of spots, also white. Posterior

wing with the base white, crossed by two rufous bands:

the central band bordered above with rufous-brown, the

wing below the white band dark brown, crossed by three

bands of pure white, and a fourth band much less distinct.

Exp. 2,5, inches.

Hab.—Venezuela (Valencia).

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson. From Mr.

Goering.

5. Aterica Zeugma.

Female. Upperside. Orange-rufous. Anterior wing -

with two spots within the cell bordered with dark brown :

74 ‘Mr. W. C. Hewitson’ on

the apical half dark brown, crossed obliquely by a band

of white divided into five parts by the nervures: a sub-

apical band of four white spots. Posterior wing darker

near the outer margin, with two sub-marginal bands of

brown spots.

Underside. Rufous-yellow, with the outer margins

rufous brown. Anterior wing with the band and spots

of white as above: a spot in the cell and the inner

margin of the band dark brown. Posterior wing witha

spot in the cell and an oblique band before the middle

(dark on the costal margin, indistinct below) both dark

brown, the submarginal..bands.marked by pale spots,

those of the inner band white.

Exp. 2,3; inches.

Hab.—OQld Calabar.

-In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

“Like the females of A. Tadema and Ampedusa above :

but much brighter in colour, and completely different on

the underside.

6. .Aterica Abesa.

“Male. Upperside. Dark blue-brown ‘(so dark that‘it

is not easy to see the still darker spots). Anterior wing

with two spots within, and one outside the cell: crossed

by bands before and after the middle, and by two sub-

marginal bands of large dark brown spots. Posterior

wing without spots.

Underside. Lilac-gray, rufous at the inner margin of”

the anterior wing: both wings clouded with pale brown,

both crossed near the middle by a zig-zag brown line,

followed on both by a band of small brown spots. An-

terior wing with a small brown spot, and two larger

spots, bordered with brown, within the cell: a pale spot

on the costal margin beyond the middle. Pusterior

wing with two or three small black spots atthe base.

Exp. 2, inches.

Hub.—Cape Coast Castle.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Like A. Veronica and Cerulew on the upperside, but

very different from any other species on the underside.

New species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 75

7. Harma Hypatha, o.

9. Harma Hypatha, Hew. Ex. Butterflies, vol. iii.

ple 20, fies. 77.0:

Male. Upperside. Orange. Both wings crossed by

a band of black, which commences at the second median

nervule of the anterior wing, and extends to near the

anal angle ; the base and abdominal fold of the posterior

wing, and the outer margin of both wings, brown, irro-

rated with yellow; both with a sub-marginal band of

black spots. Posterior wing with a line of black at the

anal angle.

Underside. Rufous-brown, tinted with lilac; darker

from the base to the middle, where they are crossed by

a slightly undulating line of dark brown, followed by a

band of indistinct brown spots, and by a sub-marginal

band of small brown spots bordered below with paler

colour, both with a zig-zag line at the middle of the

costal margin. Anterior wing with two spots within

the cell bordered with brown. Posterior wing with a

brown spot within the cell, and two sub-basal spots of

pale yellow.

Exp. 3,3, inches.

Hab.—Old Calabar.

In the collection of Mr. Herbert Druce.

Resembles H. Theodota and Hyarbita of the “ Exotic

Butterflies.”

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XII. Notes on Eastern Butterflics. By Aurrep R.

Wattace, F.Z.8., V.P.. Ent. Soc., &e.

[Read 5th April, 1869.]

As my collection still contains some undescribed species,

many sexes and variations not yet noticed, and specimens

from many localities which have not yet been published,

I propose to give a series of short papers embodying

whatever information I possess on the genera which are

more especially characteristic ofthe Malay Archipelago and

adjacent regions. I hope thus to furnish some materials

towards the general catalogue of butterflies now prepar-

ing by Mr. Kirby, as well as to correct a few errors in

specific and sexual determinations, and in synonymy,

which those who have had less copious materials may

have fallen into.

I begin with the genera Mynes and Prothoe.

Genus Myrnes, Westwood.

The genus Mynes originated with Boisduval, who

placed in it two species, M. Leuvis, Boisd., and M. Geoffroyt,

Guér. (the Nymphalis Geofroyi of Guérin Méneville), but

gave no characters whatever by which to distinguish it.

Professor Westwood, in the Genera of Diurnal Lepidop-

tera, first characterized the genus, taking as the type

Mynes Geofroyi, the only species at that time existing in

the national collection. In 1862, Mr. Hewitson figured

and described several forms (which he considered varie-

ties) of Mynes Leucis, collected by myself. A little later

Vollenhoven described as distinct one of the varieties

figured by Mr. Hewitson; but [ cannot find that any

other author has occupied himself with the genus, owing

perhaps, to the great rarity of all the species.

On comparing my specimens with Westwood’s de-

scription of the genus, I found, to my astonishment, that

M. Leucis and its allies differ most remarkably from M.

Geoffroy’, in the neuration of the wings and other charac-

ters, so as to render it impossible to keep them in the

same genus; while they agree so closely with Prothoe as

to make it equally impossible to separate them from that

genus. The antenne, palpi, and feet, the form of the

discoidal cell, and especially the curious and unusual

arrangement of the branches of the subcostal vein, are

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParTI. (APRIL).

78 Mr. A. R: Wallace on

identical in both; so that notwithstanding a slight differ-

ence of facies and of marking, and a remarkable contrast

in geographical distribution, I feel compelled to place

Leucis and its allies in the genus Prothoec. The genus

Mynes is thus reduced to the single species M. Geoffroyt,

to which, however, I have now to add two new ones.

This small group consists of rather active insects, fre-

quenting the more sunny parts of the forest, and settling

on foliage or on flowers. Their head-quarters are New

Guinea, and. the adjacent islands of the Papuan group.

1, Mynes. Grorrroyti,

Nymphalis Geoffroyi, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, Ins.

pl. Og tsT,

Mynes Geoffroyt, Boisd. Voy. de l Astrolabe, Entom. pt. 1,

p. 1380; Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 268.

Hab.—New Guinea (Dorey); Salwatty ; Waigiou

(Wallace).

The female differs in having the ground-colour of the

wines paler greenish-white, and the dark margins. less

intense and less sharply defined. The apical spots on the

under surface are less yellow. A beautiful variation

occurs, in which the disc of the under surface of the

hind-wing’s is almost covered with a large oval transverse

white spot washed with rich yellow towards the anal

margin. This specimen (a male) was found at Dorey,

along with others having the usual black hind-wings,

and I was, at first, disposed to consider it a distinct

species; but in a female specimen from Salwatty, I

observe the commencement ofa similar white spot which

is unequal on the opposite wings, showing the tendeney

of this part to sport or variation.

2. Mynes GuERINI, n. sp.

Female. Apex of upper wings more rounded, and the

short tails of the hind wings rather more divergent

than in M. Geofroyi.

Upperside. Anterior wings with rather more than the

outer half black, with a curved: band of three or four

yellowish-white spots just within the apex; base green-

ish-white, with scattered dusky scales towards the limits

_ Eastern: Butterflicss - 79

of the black portion.. Hind wings with a broad black

border, within which is a broad slaty-greenish band, the

basal third of the wings being yellowish-white ; on the

outer posterior portion of the wing is a narrow submar-

ginal bluish-green band.

Underside. Almost entirely black, the base and inner

margin of the anterior wings alone being whitish; the

apical band asin M. Geoffroy’, but deep yellow, the white

spot on the costal margin almost-obsolete. On the hind

wings the markings as in M. Geoffroyi, but more defined,

and the yellow band deeper, within which are*two faint

crenated ashy bands, not reaching the outer angle.

Expanse of wings, 24 inches.

Hab.—Queensland, Australia. (Coll. Wallace, B. M.)

I received a single specimen in a small collection from

Queensland, and consider it' to be undoubtedly distinct.

A.-rather larger specimen, also a female, and from the

same locality, is in the British Museum.

3. Mynes. Dovsiepat, n. sp.

Female. Form of wings as in M. Geoffroyi.

Above, dusky brown ; the anterior wings yellowish at

the base, and with a yellow sub-apical are divided by the

dusky nervures; posterior wings whitish at the base and

abdominal margin.

Beneath, blackish brown ; anterior wings with the cell

yellow, apical arc more dilated than above, and continued

in a sub-marginal line to the outer angle, yellowish: asub-

marginal yellow spot near the middle of the costa, an

irregular one attached to the end of the cell, and two

before the sub-apical arc; an ovate red spot in the

middle of the outer margin on the inside of the submar-

ginal line. Hind-wings with the basal margin red, the

abdominal and posterior region yellow-ochreish, with

faint dusky lunulate bands, and a double marginal stripe

of yellowish-white.

Exp. 3, inches.

Hab.—Ceram.

I received this curious and very distinct species-in a

collection from Ceram, and have named it after the late

Edward Doubleday, in the continuation of whose cele-

brated work, the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, the

genus was first described.

80 Mr, A. R. Wallace on

Genus Protuor, Hiibner.

1. Protsor Francxtt.

Nymphalis Franckii, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. p. 825.

Prothoe Franckii, Hitbn. Samml. exot. Schmett. ii. pl.

Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 256, pl. 51. f. 3.

Paphia Franckii, Horsfield, Lep. of Java, pl. 5, f. 4, 4a.

Hab.—Java (Horsfield), Malacca, Sumatra (Wallace).

This beautiful insect is not uncommon in Sumatra. It

has the habit of settling with closed wings on sticks or

the trunks of trees, with which the peculiarly shaded

markings of its underside harmonise so as to render it

difficult to detect.

2. Protrgor Leuvcts.

Mynes Leucis, Boisd. Voy. del’ Astrolabe, Ent. pt. 1,p.1293

Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 87,

var. A: 6. (? 9); var. 8. pl-ax hele

Nymphalis australis, Guér. Voy. de la Coquille, Ins.

pl. 14 bis, f. 4.

Hab.—New Guinea (Dorey), Mysol, Salwatty, Waigiou

(Wallace).

The specimens described by Boisduval and Guérin were

from Waigiou (Offack). The females, as in some allied

forms, have the markings either white or yellow, the

males I believe always yellow. A considerable number of

specimens collected by myself shew that this species is

pretty constant in its external characters. This and the

allied species frequent shady places in the forest; they

fly slowly, and the females often settle on the eround

while the males rest on low foliage.

3. Proraogk Muvutpert.

Mynes Mulder, Vollenh. Tidj.v. Ent. vi. 129, pl.8.f.1,2, g.

Mynes Leucis, var.p., Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 88.

var. E., Hewits. t. ¢. pl. ix. 23a.

Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Is. (Wallace).

This species, like the last, has the females marked either

with white or ochreish yellow, the males with yellow of

a paler and clearer tint. This is a strikingly distinct

species, and is confined to the geographical sub-district

of the northern Moluccas.

astern Butterflies. 81

4. ProrHoz WeEstTwoopit, n. sp.

Mynes Leucis, var. F., Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,

p. Soh (2).

Form of wings asin P. Mulderi, but the anterior are

less rounded, and the posterior more produced behind

into a bread tail.

Male. Above, resembles P. Mulderi, but the spots are

less divided by the nervures, and the base is much less

ashy. The large spot on the hind-wings is obliquely

truncate towards the anal angle, not regularly rounded

as in P. Mulderi. Beneath, the spots on the disc are

paler and larger, the marginal spots very small on the

upper wings, the yellow caudal spot much larger, and the

two pairs of blue lunules above it united so as to form

complete heart-shaped figures.

Female. Differs from the corresponding sex of P.

Muldert by the white patch on the anterior wings in-

cluding the two lower submarginal spots. The markings

are either pure white, or rather paler yellow than in the

male.

Hab.—Aru Islands.

The decided difference, both in form and markings,

although shg¢ht in amount, induces me to consider this a

distinct species.

5. Prornozn Hewirsont, n. sp.

Mynes Leucis, var. G., Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,

Pr OSs Die EX. Lie, AS.) Oe

Hab.—New Guinea, Mysol. (Walil.)

The male agrees very closely with Mr. Hewitson’s

figure of the female, the yellow bands bemg somewhat

narrowed, a little better defined, and more deeply

coloured. The underside has the same markings as

the upperside, with the basal and marginal spots and lines,

as in the allied species.

The three specimens which I possess, including both

sexes, agree so closely with each other, and are so re-

markably different from the allied forms, that I have no

hesitation in considering it a distinct species; and have

much pleasure in naming it after the gentleman to whom

we are indebted for thousands of accurate and beautiful

figures of butterflies.

TRANS. ENT. SoC. 1869.—PaRT I. (APRIL). G

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( 83 )

XIII. Characters of some undescribed Species of Phyto-

phaga belonging to the Families Cassididee and

Hispide. By J. S. Baty, F.L.S.

Inst of Species.

CassIDIDz.

Dolichotoma distincta . : : Nicaragua.

Calaspidia Bacchus. : ; Para.

Calaspidia connectens . : ; Upper Amazons.

Mesomphalia honorata . ; : Bolivia.

Batonota collaris : : : Upper Amazons.

Batonota rufo-ornata . : : Nicaragua.

Hispipm.

Alurnus ornatus ; ; : Nicaragua.

Hurispa Odewahnir : : : South Australia.

Lurispa normalis y : : Queensland.

Eurispa Howittir : : Melbourne.

Fam. CASSIDIDA.

Dolichotoma distineta.

Late rotundata ¢, subrotundata ¢ , modice convexa,

subtus (cum capite) nigra, nitida, supra viridi-znea,

subopaca, pube brevissim’ depressa adspersa; tho-

race fere impunctato, utrinque depresso, medio ten-

uiter canaliculato, antice leviter carinato; elytris

minus distincte rugoso-punctatis, antice retusis,

gibbosis, margine valde explanato (presertim in

medio ¢), obsolete transversim ruguloso, medio

maculi magna ineequali subrotundata ornato.

Long. 73 lin.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

Much larger than D. biplagiata and its allied species,

its elytra more finely punctured and less rugose, being

nearly intermediate in punctation between D. pubescens

and biplagiata.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—parT I. (APRIL). a2

84. Mr. J. 8. Baly on some

Calaspidea Bacchus.

Subrotundata, postice paullo angustata ¢, magis ovata

9, convexa, nigro-znea, subnitida; elytris san-

euineis, distincte punctatis, limbo exteriori (basi

dilatato) maculisque impressis subseriatis nigro-

eenels.

Long. 73-93 lin.

Hab.—Para.

Antenne black, longer than the thorax, robust, taper-

ing at base and apex, third jomt distinctly longer than

the fourth. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides some-

what obliquely rounded and dilated to beyond the middle,

thence nearly parallel and slightly rounded to the base;

surface subopaque, broadly excavated on either side,

excavation impressed with a shining obtusely angled line;

middle of dise nitidous, impressed with a fine longitudinal

groove. Hlytra much broader than the thorax, shoulders

prominent, obtusely rounded ; sides obliquely rounded and

dilated nearly to their middle, thence obliquely rounded

and narrowed to their apex; above convex, distinctly punc-

tured on the disc, the latter shining ; the dilated margin

subopaque, more finely punctured; sanguineous, the

outer limb, dilated on the humeral margin, and numerous

depressed spots scattered over the surface, nigro-zeneous ;

those on the disc small and arranged in nearly regular

longitudinal rows; those on the dilated limb larger and

less regularly placed.

Most nearly allied to C. columbiana; its antennee are

shorter and rather more robust, the sides of the thorax

are less oblique; the nigro-zeneous border of the elytra

is much broader, and the patches of the same colour on

their dilated limb are much larger than in that species.

Oalaspidea connectens.

Subrotundata 3, subtriangularis ?, convexa, viridi-

eenea, subnitida, subtus nigra, nitida; thorace long-

itudine duplo latiori, lateribus ad medium minus

oblique amplhiatis, hinc ad basin fere parallelis, basi

ipsa paullo convergentibus, obtuse rotundatis ; elytris

subopacis, elevato-reticulatis, reticulis nitidis, areolas

minores includentibus, vitta lata sublaterali san-

guineo-reticulati, infra basin ad apicem extensi,

postice angustata ornatis; antennis thorace paullo

longioribus, gracilibus.

New Species of Phytophaga. 85

Long. 7-9 lin.

Hab.—Pebas, Upper Amazons.

The present insect forms almost an imtermediate link

between C. regalis and OC. discors, agreeing in colouring

with the former, and in form of thorax, antenne, and

sculpture of elytra with the latter: from OC. regalis it

may be at once known by the much more slender an-

tennze, and by the finer sculpture of the elytra ; the form

of the thorax is also entirely different; in C. regalis this

part of the body is much broader, and the sides are

obliquely rounded, and dilated considerably beyond their

middle ; in C. connectens (as also in C. discors) the thorax

is narrower, its sides are first produced almost directly

outwards (being only slightly and obliquely rounded)

to their middle: thence to their base they are nearly

parallel, and very obtusely rounded. The diagnosis

between C. discors and the species under considera-

tion is rather more difficult: the two insects entirely

agreeing in the slender antennz and form of thorax, but

differme both in colouring and in the general form of

the body. The ¢ of CO. connectens (judging from a single

specimen in my collection) is more rotundate and less

narrowed towards the apex of the elytra; whilst the 9

is more decidedly triangular in form, the elytra being

broader and less narrowed at the shoulders than in (0.

discors; the red colour on the elytra is confined in (.

discors to a large ovate patch on the anterior half of the

dilated border; in C. connectens it forms a broad sub-

marginal stripe, similar to that on the elytra of C. regalis.

Mesomphalia honorata.

Subtriangularis, modice convexa, nigro-enea, sub-

opaca; elytris pube brevi cinered sparse adspersis,

ante medium gibbosis, disco tenuiter lateribus sat

profunde punctatis, elevato-reticulatis, reticulis sub-

nitidis, areolas parvas includentibus, plagd magna

trigonati, ab humero ultra medium et intus fere

ad suturam, extensd fulvo-flavé fusco notata ornatis.

Long. 84 lin.

Hab.—Bolivia.

Antenne black ; thorax more than twice as broad as

long, very slightly emarginate in front, sides produced

86 Mr. J. 8. Baly on some

nearly directly outwards to beyond their middle, thence

very obtusely rounded and slightly converging to their

base ; upper surface very minutely punctured, slightly

excavated on either side, impressed in the medial line

with a very faint longitudinal groove. EHlytra much

broader than the thorax, shoulders not produced, obliquely

rotundate-ampliate ; sides rotundate-angustate from the

shoulders to the apex, the latter conjointly acute ; upper

surface gibbose before the middle, the gibbosity obtuse,

slightly compressed on the sides, space in front of the

gibbosity covered with two or three large fovez, re-

mainder of the surface (base and apex of the dilated

border excepted) covered with slightly raised, irregular

reticulations ; those on the yellow patch (which, stretch-

ing along the outer margin of each elytron from the

shoulder to beyond the middle, extends inwards nearly

to the suture) coarser and more elevated than the rest ;

outer margin broadly dilated, the portion of its outer

edge covered by the yellow patch deeply punctured.

This insect resembles in form MM. tewtilis ; its colour,

however, is entirely different, and the lateral margin of

the elytra is much broader and flatter.

Batonota collaris.

Subtriangularis, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, supra

opaca, et pube brevi cinerei sparse adspersa; anten-

narum basi pedibusque anticis intus, obscure flavis ;

thorace scutelloque obscure rufis, illo antice carinato ;

elytris obscure viridi-zneis, antice retusis, trans-

versim gibbosis, sat profunde punctatis, interstitiis

obsolete elevato-reticulatis; margine laterali tenuiter

punctato ; humeris antrorsum paullo prominulis, apice

angulatis, obtusis, dorso carinatis.

* Long. 53 lin.

Hab.—Pebas, Upper Amazons.

Similar in form to the ¢ of B. truncata, the shoulders

less produced laterally, more obtuse, their anterior mar-

gin more distinctly rounded. LHlytra deeply punctured,

the raised reticulations ill-defined, enclosing small irre-

gular spaces.

Batonota rufo-ornata.

Sub-triangularis, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, supra

obscure nigro-znea, opaca, pube brevissima cinerea

——

New Species of Phytophaga. 87

adpressaé parce adspersa; thorace tenuissime punc-

tato, antice carinato, basi quadri-impresso, antice

obsolete rufo marginato; elytris basi retusis, trans-

versim gibbosis, minus profunde substriatim punc-

tatis, vittis elevatis tribus, duabus prope suturam

altera prope disci medium positis, postice abbreviatis,

inter se ramulis connexis instructis, margine late

explanato, parce tenuiter punctato; humeris latera-

liter productis, margine antico concayis, apice acutis,

dorso carinatis; utrisque plagis duabus, uni parva

reticulaté dorso pone gibbum, altera subovataé sub-

marginali vix ante medium, fulvo-rufis, ornatis.

Long. 64 lin.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

Very similar in form and sculpture to B. insidiosa; the

anterior border of the shoulders is more distinctly con-

cave, the dilated limb of the elytra is metallic green

beneath, and the fulvo-rufous patch is longer, extending

upwards nearly to the base of the limb.

Fam. HISPIDA.

Alurnus ornatus.

Subelongatus, niger, nitidus; thorace antice subcylin-

drico, ad latera et ad basin sat profunde et crebre

punctato, sanguineo, margine basali medio paullo

dilatato, utrinque abbreviato, punctoque apicali ad

‘marginem adfixo, nigris; elytris oblongis, flavis,

apice maculisque tribus utrisque nigris.

Long. 11 lin.

Hab.—Nicaragua.

The antenne in my specimens are unfortunately

broken, but the four lower joints are more slender than

in any of the other known species of the genus, the third

joint is more than three times the length of the fourth.

Thorax much narrower than the elytra, narrowed and

subcylindrical in front, transversely convex at the base,

basal halfand sides coarsely and almost rugosely punctate,

middle portion of the anterior disc distantly punctured.

Elytra broader and shorter than in A. @Orbignyi, punc-

tured in a similar manner, yellow; their apical fourth, a

patch on the humeral callus, a second near the suture

88 Mr. J. S. Baly on some

halfway between the base and middle of the disc, and a

broad, slightly curved, transverse fascia, placed just be-

low the middle, and abbreviated some distance before

reaching either the suture or the outer margin, black.

Hurispa Odewahnit.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, sub opaca, profunde

punctata, albo-squamulosa, abdominis segmentis

basi rufo-piceis ; capite ante oculos valde producto,

thorace cylindrico, pallide rufo-piceo, vittis tribus

nigro-fuscis (duabus exterioribus minus distinctis)

ornato; elytris sordide albo-fuscis, anguste flavo

marginatis, apice productis, utrisque spind brevi

acuti desinentibus, elevato-costatis, interstitiis pro-

funde punctato-striatis ; unguibus obsoletis.

Long. 34-4 lin.

Hab.—Gawlor near Adelaide, South Australia.

This species, which was first sent to this country by

Mr. Odewahn, may be at once known from L. albipennis

by the entirely different form of the head; in the insect

now described, that portion of the face on which the

antennee are placed, is strongly produced anteriorly and

broadly truncate, the eyes being placed laterally halfway

between the truncate apex and the thorax. Head coarsely

eranulose, deeply punctate, the upper surface of the frontal

prominence impressed with a deep longitudinal groove.

Thorax one-third longer than broad, narrowed from base

to apex, sides straight, smuate just in front of the base,

and immediately behind the anterior angle; dise deeply

impressed with large round punctures, each one of which

(as well as those on the head) is occupied by a single

broadly obovate white scale. Scutellum shining, black.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax, nearly parallel,

narrowed at the apex, and produced far beyond the, ex-

tremity of the abdomen into a distinct tail, the apex of

each elytron being still further produced into a short,

flat, broad, acute spine; upper surface subcylindrical,

deeply striate-foveolate, each puncture being furnished

with a single scale, somewhat narrower than those cloth-

ing the head and thorax; each elytron with four

distinct costz, the first and fourth unite just before

the apex and form a single costa, which runs onwards

New Species of Phytophaga. 89

until it reaches the apex of the caudal spine ; the second

and third unite just below the middle of the elytron, and

are continued onwards as a single raised line, which

gradually becomes less distinct, and is entirely lost be-

fore reaching the point of junction of the first pair. Legs

coarsely granulose, clothed, as well as the abdomen, with

adpressed obcuneiform scales, those on the tarsi narrow

and almost linear.

H. Odewahnii agrees with H. albipennis in the total

absence (as a separate joint) of the fourth or claw joint

of the tarsi; in both species the third is entire, and

evidently composed of the third and fourth so closely

soldered together, that not the slightest trace of su-

tural lines is visible even under a powerful lens; the

unguiculi are entirely absent. This abnormal form of

the tarsus was overlooked by me at the time of publica-

tion of the Catalogue of Hispide; and is, I believe,

peculiar to the two above-named insects. I cannot call

to mind another instance amongst the extensive tribe of

Phytophaga in which the claw is not fully developed as a

distinct joint of the tarsus.

Hurispa normalis.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, albo-squamosa ;

capite supra, femoribus tibiisque pallide rufo-piceis,

thorace elytrisque sordide albidis; illo crebre foveo-

lato-punctato, fusco-trivittato, vittis duabus exteri-

oribus minus distinctis; his apice attenuatis, utrisque

in caudam acutam dehiscentem productis, striato-

foveolatis, quadricostatis ; capite ante oculos vix pro-

ducto; unguibus distinctis.

Var. A. Thoracis vittis duabus obsoletis, pedibus nigris.

Long. 33 hn.

Mab.— Queensland, Moreton Bay.

Body clothed with adpressed, narrow obcuneiform

scales, those on the legs, breast, and abdomen nearly

linear. Head between the eyes scarcely produced, ob-

tuse; basal half of antennee obscure rufo-piceous. Thorax

about one-third longer than broad, cylindrical, scarcely

narrowed anteriorly, sides nearly parallel ; surface deeply

foveolate-punctate. Elytra subcylindrical, rather shorter

and broader than in H. Odewahmnii, less produced at the

apex, the apex of each elytron forming an acute tail ;

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART I. (APRIL). H

90 Mr. J. 8S. Baly on Phytophaga.

upper surface sculptured as in the preceding species.

Claw large and distinct, articulating freely with the

third joint ; outer edge of tibize stained with black.

H. normalis resembles closely in form H. albipennis ;

it may be known at once from that insect, as well as from

H. Odewahnii, by the free claw joint.

In the two specimens that I possess of this species,

the thorax differs somewhat in form; in one the thorax

is distinctly shorter, and the sides are bisinuate; this

difference is probably sexual.

Hurispa Howitti.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, albo-squamosa ;

capite ante oculos vix producto, vertice nigro-piceo,

pedibus (tarsis exceptis) abdomineque pallide rufo-

piceis; thorace elytrisque albo-fuscis; thorace sub-

conico, minus crebre foveolato-punctato, medio yitta

nigro-pice’ ornato, lateribus vix sinuatis, albo-lmea-

tis ; elytris subcylindricis, extus albo-limbatis, striato-

foveolatis, interstitlis apicem versus subcostatis,

apice attenuatis, utrisque in caudam acutam dorso

carinatam productis ; unguibus distinctis.

Long. 33 ln.

eaters

Body clothed with adpressed, narrow, white obcunei-

form scales, those on the legs linear. Thorax nearly a

third longer than broad, subconic, sides shghtly converg-

ing from base to apex, upper surface less closely punc-

tured than in LH. normalis, lateral border shghtly thick-

ened, white. LElytra attenuated at the apex, each pro-

duced into a long acute tail; surface deeply striate-

foveolate, interspaces behind the middle costate, the

coste uniting near the apex of the elytron into a single

strongly raised ridge, which runs along the caudal spine

to its apex.

Closely allied to the last described species, differing

principally in the more conical and less closely punctured

thorax, and in the absence of the elevated costz on the

anterior half of the elytra; it possibly may be a local

variety.

( 91 )

XIV. A Revision of the British Species of Homalota, By

Davin SuHarp, M.B.

[Read 5th April, 1869.]

Havine undertaken the revision of the British species of

the genus Homalota, with a view to the completion, as

far as possible, of a list of the native species, I now offer

the results of my study in the form of detailed descrip-

tions of all our species. I hope thus to enable such as

are willing to give the necessary care to the task to de-

termine their specimens of this most difficult genus.

Mr. Waterhouse’s last catalogue contains eighty-nine

species of Homalota ; of these, two find no place in my

paper, viz., H. debilicornis (to which a? is attached by

Mr. Waterhouse), because I have found no specimen of

it extant; and H. parvula, which has already been de-

clared by Mr. Waterhouse to be asynonym of another

of the species of his catalogue. The present paper con-

tains descriptions of 157 species, of which twenty-nine

are considered as previously undescribed.

The length of the descriptive part of this paper is so

great, that I must refer the student to the works of

Erichson and Kraatz for all generalities with regard to

the genus ; for a like reason I have limited the synonymy

to the quotation of the original description, and to refer-

ences to Hrichson’s “‘ Genera et Species Staphylinorum,”

to Kraatz’s 2nd vol. of the “Insecten Deutschland’s,”

to Thomson’s “ Skandinavien’s Coleoptera,” and to Mr.

Waterhouse’s catalogue.

I must, however, say a few words as to the arrange-

ment I have adopted.

In a genus containing such an inordinate number of

species as does the present one,* an arrangement by

which it shall be possible to discover the position of a

species without wading through an enormous number of

unclassified diagnoses, becomes absolutely necessary.

Thomson in his Skand. Col. has endeavoured to ac-

complish this by the division of the genus, as understood

by Erichson, by Kraatz, and by Lacordaire, into no less

than thirty distinct genera; but the result of his attempt

is to much increase, instead of to diminish, the difficulty

* Harold’s catalogue gives 412 as the number of described species of

the genus, and Stein’s recent catalogue of the European species makes

their number 230.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART II. (MAY). I

92 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

of determination of the species. Moreover, the undoubted

fact, that the species of the genus are, as a whole, closely

allied to one another, is disregarded by his having inter-

posed amongst these divisions a very considerable number

of quite alien genera; as an instance of this, H. icana

is separated from the pretty closely allied H. nigella by a

crowd of Falagrie, Calodere, Tachyuse, Oxypode, and

even Myllene. I have found myself quite unable to

take advantage of Thomson’s divisions in any way ; but

I cannot notice his work, without bearing testimony to

the originality, acumen, and zeal, of which it displays

abundant marks.

Kraatz has, in the Insecten Deutschlands, proposed a

system of arrangement which has been found to be, on

the whole, a very serviceable one. I have, therefore,

adhered to this in the main ; though, as it has seemed to

me capable of simplification in some respects, I have in-

troduced considerable modifications. Kraatz’s division

of the genus into two main groups,—lI, with elytra longer

than the thorax ;—II, with elytra not longer than the

thorax—is altogether artificial, and of but little actual use,

as the first division contains 136 species, the second only

six. I have, therefore, put it entirely on one side, and

placed the few species with short elytra im immediate

proximity with their respective allies.

Kraatz gives altogether thirteen groups. I propose to

amalgamate some of these, and reduce the number of

sections to eight, as given hereafter; and, moreover, to

arrange the species, in each section, in natural groups,

in such cases as I am able to find characters for these.

It must be understood, however, that the sections and

groups are often apparently but little natural, or charac-

teristic, as regards certain individual species ; and that

the device is adopted as a mere artificial assistance to

study, no actual lines of separation existing im nature

between the various groups and sections.

I may add, that I am proposing to attempt something

towards the completion of the knowledge of the European

species of the genus, if I can obtain the necessary material,

and shall feel much obliged to those who will assist me by

the communication of specimens.

I have already received the kindest assistance from

most of our British entomologists who have collections

British Species of Homalota. 93

of this genus, notably from Messieurs Crotch, Power,

Rye, and Waterhouse: while M. Ch. Brisout de Barneville

has, by the loan of his types of species recently described

by ‘him, rendered me an assistance for which I return

him my most sincere thanks: from Messieurs Scriba,

Fauvel, Thomson, and others, I have also received

important communications, and specimens; and I most

cordially thank my friend Mr. G. R. Crotch, of Cam-

bridge, for the zealous assistance he has been able and

willing to render me, by means of his extensive relations

with European Coleopterists.

I adopt, then, eight sections.

A. ABDOMEN PARALLEL; THORAX QUADRATE (ABOUT AS

BROAD AS LONG); THE SIX PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF

THE ANTENNE LONGER THAN BROAD, OR NEARLY AS

LONG AS BROAD.

(Contains groups I.—V. Species 1—35).

B. ABDOMEN PARALLEL; THORAX QUADRATE, OR SUBQUAD-

RATE; SIX PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNE

TRANSVERSE, BUT NOT VERY STRONGLY S8O.

(Groups VI. and VII. Species 36—54).

C. ABDOMEN PARALLEL; THORAX QUADRATE, OR SUBQUAD-

RATE; SIX PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNHE

STRONGLY TRANSVERSE.

(Groups VIII. and IX. Species 55—63).

D. ABDOMEN PARALLEL ; THORAX MODERATELY TRANSVERSE,

ITS SIDES EVENLY ROUNDED.

(Groups X.—XII. Species 64—78).

E. ABDOMEN PARALLEL ; THORAX DISTINCTLY OR STRONGLY

TRANSVERSE ; PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNE

NOT, OR BUT MODERATELY, TRANSVERSE.

(Groups XIII.—XV. Species 79—107).

F. ABDOMEN PARALLEL; THORAX STRONGLY TRANSVERSE ;

PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNEH STRONGLY

TRANSVERSE.

(Groups XVI and XVII. Species 108—122).

G. ABDOMEN A LITTLE NARROWED TO THE APEX ; THE HIND-

ER ANGLES OF THE THORAX WELL MARKED: LIVE IN

ANTS NESTS.

(Group XVIII. Species 123—125).

94 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

H. ABDOMEN MORE OR LESS DISTINCTLY NARROWED ; HINDER

ANGLES OF THE THORAX ROUNDED.

(Groups XIX.—XXII. Species 126—157).

Section A.

Group I. Abdomen with the siath segment nearly vm-

punctate. Male with a tubercle or keel on the wpper side of

the sixth abdominal segment. (Species 1—7).

The seven species contained in this group form a really

natural and well-defined cluster. H. langwida is found

in marshes, as is also sometimes H. pavens ; the others

occur only on the banks of rivers and lochs.

1. Homalota curraz.

Depressa, sat lata, nigro-fusca, subtiliter punctata, pe-

dibus obscure testaceis, antennis tenuibus, apicem versus

haud incrassatis ; thorace basin versus angustato; elytris

thorace longioribus; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 sat

dense punctatis, segmento sexto levigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto dorsali medio ante

apicem tuberculo acuto, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo ;

segmento 7° ventrali producto. :

H. curraaz, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 198 ; Wat. Cat. Brit. Col.

A large, dark species, with slender legs and antenne,

and close and fine punctuation. The antenne are as

long as the head, thorax, and half the elytra, pitchy-

black, the basal joints pitchy, slender, not thickened

towards the apex, each joint considerably longer than

broad, the second and third of about equal length; from

the fourth to the tenth each joint slightly shorter than

the preceding one ; the eleventh joint about half as long

again as the tenth, about the length of the first joint.

Head black, broad, but evidently narrower than the

thorax, with a distinct longitudinal impression on the

upper surface; very finely punctured, the palpi pitchy-

testaceous. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as

broad as long, the sides rounded in front, then evidently

narrowed behind the middle; the base a good deal

rounded, so that the posterior angles are very obtuse ;

British Species of Homalota. 95

very finely and closely punctured with a central longitu-

dinal channel, beginning at an obscure impression in

front of the scutellum, and not reaching to the front of

the thorax. FElytra one-third longer, and nearly one-

third broader than the thorax, their length about equal

to their breadth, closely and very finely punctured. Ab-

domen with segments 2-5 above distinctly and tolerably

densely punctured, sixth smooth and shining. Legs dirty

yellow.

The male has on the upper surface of the sixth seg-

ment of the abdomen, a large, pointed, keel-lke, tubercle

before the apex; the hind margin of the seventh segment

is furnished with four, small, distinct teeth, two placed

very near one another in the middle, and one at each

side ; between the middle ones and the external ones the

margin is very obsoletely crenulate; the under plate of

the seventh segment is also narrower, and more pro-

longed behind than in the female.

A fine and very distinct species, not likely to be con-

founded with any other. H. hyyrotopora is somewhat

similar in appearance, but has shorter and stouter an-

tenn, and the thorax scarcely narrowed behind.

Found not uncommonly on the banks of rivers and

streams in the North of England and Scotland.

There are specimens of H. cwrrax inthe British Museum,

sent by Dr. Kraatz; they agree entirely with our British

ones.

2. Homalota languida.

Subdepressa, nigro-fusca, dense subtilissime punctata,

antennis abdominisque segmentorum marginibus rufo-

fuscis, antennarum basi pedibusque flavis; antennis

elongatis, apicem versus lenissime incrassatis ; thorace

subquadrato, basin versus vix angustato; elytris hoc

longioribus; abdomine supra segmentis .2-5 subtiliter

confertissime punctatis, sexto leviusculo. Long. 13-2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto supra in medio tuber-

culo acuto, 7° apice denticulis 6, 4 intermediis approxi-

matis, instructo ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ob-

tuse angulato.

H. languida, Er. Kaf. Brand. i. 318; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 86; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 213; Disopora languida,

Th. Sk. Col. ii. 58.

96 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Var—Minor. (long. 14 ln.)

H. longicollis, Muls. Op. i. 18; Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit.

1866, p. 379.

Variat, colore fere toto testaceo, plus mimusve infuscato.

A tolerably large, but rather narrow, species; the an-

tenne are long, scarcely thickened towards the apex,

first, second, and third joints elongate, and of about equal

length, the third about half as long again as the fourth:

from the fourth to the tenth each joint is a little shorter

than the preceding one ; the length of each joint is greater

than its breadth, eleventh joimt about half as long again

as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the thorax,

with a distinct channel in front (often absent in the small

var.); together with the thorax finely punctured and

pubescent. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as

long as broad, the sides nearly straight, scarcely at all

narrowed behind, thickly and finely punctured, with an

obsolete fovea in the middle at the base. Elytra a little

longer than the thorax, and redder in colour than it,

about as long as broad, thickly and finely punctured.

Abdomen with the hind mar gins of the segments paler ;

seoments 2-5 very densely and finely punctured, the sixth

nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

The male has a distinct tubercle in the middle of the

sixth abdominal segment, and the hind margin of the

seventh is furnished with six small, but distinct teeth,

four placed rather near one another in the middle, and

one at each outside; the seventh segment underneath is

not rounded at the apex, but pointed, the point being,

however, only a very obtuse angle.

This is a very distinct species, and differs from the

following by its thorax not narrowed behind, and its

very densely punctured abdomen, as zs by its different

colour, antenne, We.

Very rare. I have taken a male specimen at Hammer-

smith Marshes, and have seen a few others from the

neighbourhood of London.

The small var. longicollis is also very rare, but has

been several times taken near London; Scriba has fol-

lowed Mulsant in regarding it as specifically distinct ;

but he has considered the next following species as H.

languida (I am indebted to him for the inspection of his

types) ; so that his opinion must be put aside.

Specimens of H. languida, sent by Kraatz to the British

Museum, agree entirely with our British ones.

British Species of Homalota. 97

3. Homalota insecta.

Fusco-picea, subdepressa, subnitida, subtiliter punc-

tata, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, elytris fuscis ;

thorace basin versus angustato, medio canaliculato ; ab-

domine supra segmentis 2-5 dense subtiliter punctatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto medio tuberculo

acuto, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo.

H. insecta, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 98; Aloco-

nota insecta, Th. Sk. Col. m. 8. H. languida, Scriba,

Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 379.

A species nearly as large as H. cwrraz, but narrower

in proportion to its length than that species. Antenne

pitchy-testaceous, with the base paler ; moderately stout,

and evidently, though not ‘strongly, thickened towards

the apex: first, second, and third joints elongate, of

about equal length ; fourth to ninth each of about equal

length, but each one a little thicker than the preceding,

so that though the length of the fourth joint is much

greater than its width, the ninth is about as broad as

long ; tenth scarcely transverse ; eleventh oblong-ovate,

nearly twice as long as the tenth. Palpi testaceous.

Head a little narrower than the thorax, much narrower

than the elytra, with a distinct longitudinal impression on

the upper surface ; finely punctured. Thorax narrower

than the elytra, its lenyth about equal to its breadth, the

sides rounded in front, then distinctly narrowed from the

middle towards the base, thickly and finely punctured,

and with a distinct channel along the middle. LHlytra

narrower at the shoulders than at the apex, a little

longer than the thorax, lighter in colour than the head

and thorax, thickly and finely punctured. Abdomen with

segments 2-5 evenly, and rather densely, and finely,

punctured; sixth shining and nearly impunctate, ex-

tremity of seventh a little paler. Legs yellow.

The male has a distinct tubercle in the middle of the

sixth segment above, and the apex of the seventh seg-

ment furnished with four small indistinct teeth, varying

in the extent of their development, and sometimes very

obsolete.

This species is closely allied to H. pavens, Er. It is

on the average a little larger, has the head and the

thorax more shining and more sparingly punctured, the

antenne not so much thickened towards the apex, and

98 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

with the joints longer than in pavens. The head and

thorax are more distinctly channelled, the thorax rather

longer in proportion to its width, and more narrowed

behind than in H. pavens. I have seen it placed in col-

lections both as H. languida and H. pavens. It is readily

distinguished from languida by the thicker joints of the

antenne, the thorax narrowed behind, and the abdomen

not so densely punctured.

I have seen no specimen named by Thomson, and have

identified the species only by his description. He says

(Sk. Col. ii. 9), that the male characters are different from

H. lissonura (pavens, Hr.), but as he makes no mention

whatever of what these characters are, I fancy the male

of H. insecta was unknown to him, especially as it is

much rarer than the female.

Generally distributed, but uncommon. London, Scot-

land, Carnarvon. .

I possess thirty-two specimens of this species, of which

only three are males.

4. Homalota pavens.

Linearis, sub-opaca, dense subtiliter punctata, elytris

antennisque fuscis, harum basi pedibusque testaceis ;

thorace subquadrato, basin versus subangustato, obsolete

canaliculato; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 sat dense

subtilter punctatis, 6° levigato. Long. 12 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento sexto medio carinula longi-

tudinali elevata, segmenti apicem fere attingente, seg-

mento 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo.

H. pavens, Hr. Kaif. Brand. i. 689; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

85; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 214. H. quisquiliarwm, Er.

Kaf. Brand. 1.317; Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 337. Aloco-

nota lissonuwra, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 9. H. sulcifrons, Wat.

Cat.

Var.—Elytris thorace fere brevioribus.

Larger than H. elongatulu, and not so flat and de-

pressed. The antennz are pitchy testaceous, with the

base a little paler, moderately long and stout, a little

thickened towards the apex; Ist, 2nd, and 8rd joints

moderately long, of about equal length, the fourth joint

not much more than one half the length of the third,

from the 4th to the 10th each joint is shorter and a little

stouter than its predecessor, 4th and 5th longer than

British Species of Homalota. oo

broad, 6-8 about as long as broad, 9 and 10 a little trans-

verse, 11th ovate, acuminate, about twice as long as the

tenth. Palpi testaceous. Head a little narrower than

the thorax, thickly and finely punctured, with an obsolete

fovea in front. Thorax narrower than the elytra, its

length about equal to its breadth, the sides a little rounded

in front, then slightly narrowed towards the base, densely

and finely punctured, with a not very distinct channel.

Elytra fuscous, scarcely longer than the thorax, not so

long as broad, finely and tolerably densely punctured,

the punctuation not so dense as on the thorax. Abdomen

with segments 2-5 thickly and finely punctured, 6th

nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

The male has an elongate raised tubercle on the upper

side of the sixth abdominal segment, which reaches nearly

to the apex, and the hind margin of the seventh segment

is armed with four indistinct teeth.

Not common. Nithsdale, Rannoch, Edinburgh, Brigh-

ton. The male is much rarer than the female.

I have a small variety found in Nithsdale, in which the

elytra are not quite so long as the thorax.

Obs.—In the Brit. Mus. are four specimens of H. pa-

vens sent by Dr. Kraatz; these agree with the examples

just described. It is, I believe, the H. sulcifrons of Mr.

' Waterhouse’s Catalogue, but I cannot say with certainty

whether it is Stephens’ Aleochara sulcifrons. His name

would appear to point rather to H. insecta.

5. Homalota Hichoffi.

Depressa, nitidiuscula, nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque

fuscis, pedibus testaceis, subtiliter haud confertim punc-

tata; capite subtriangulari, antennis tenuibus, apicem

versus Vix incrassatis; thorace subquadrato, postice sub-

angustato; elytris hoc paullo longioribus ; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-5 subtiliter minus crebre punctatis, segmento

sexto fere levigato. Long. 1} lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo

acuto; 7° apice medio denticulis 2, lateribus utrinque

denticulo singulo obsoleto, instructo.

H. Hichofi, Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1867, p. 390.

A delicate fragile species allied to H. cambrica, (velox,

Kr.). Pitchy, shining, the antenne, legs, and elytra

100 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

paler; antennz rather long and slender, a little thick-

ened towards the apex, third joint not quite so long as

the second, about twice as long as the fourth, fourth not

so long as fifth, 5-10 differing little in length, the 5th dis-

tinctly, the 10th scarcely, longer than* broad, eleventh

oval, half as long again as the tenth. Head large, a little

narrower than the thorax; shining, narrowed in front,

with an indistinct impression between the eyes, very finely

punctured. Thorax but little narrower than the base of

the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth, the sides

a little narrowed towards the base ; very finely and pretty

densely punctured, with a short channel or impression,

in front of the scutellum. LElytra scarcely longer than

the thorax, narrower at the base than at the apex, their

length not quite so great as their width ; their punctuation

not quite so fine as that of the thorax. Abdomen some-

what narrowed towards the apex, segments 2-4 above

finely and rather sparingly punctured, the fifth seement

not quite so thickly punctured, 6th almost impunctate.

Legs yellow.

In the male the 6th abdominal segment is furnished

above with a distinct pointed tubercle, and the posterior

margin of the seventh with four teeth, two distinct ones

placed close together in the middle, and an obsolete one

on each side.

Distinguished from H. cambrica, by being rather larger,

more shining, with a differently shaped head, by its rather

stouter antennz, and by its shorter and paler elytra.

Found by Mr. Crotch and myself on the borders of

Loch Rannoch in Perthshire, May, 1866.

Obs.—Judging from description only, this species must

be alhied to H. debilicornis, Hr., Kr., which species is

placed as British in Mr. Waterhouse’s Catalogue, but as

I have never seen a British specimen, and there was

probably a mistake in the determination, the name must

be erased from our Catalogue.

6. Homalota cambrica.

Depressa, vix nitida, dense subtilissime punctata, an-

tennis elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis ; antennis ten-

uibus ; thorace subquadrato, postice vix angustato ; elytris

hoc fere sesqui longioribus; abdomine supra segmentis

2-5 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, segmento sexto levi-

gato. Long. 14 lin.

British Species of Homalota. 101

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo

acuto ; segmento 7° margine posteriore medio denticulis

2, utrinque denticulo obsoleto mstructo.

H., cambrica, Wollaston, Zoologist, 1855, App. p. ccv.

H. velox, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. n. 201.

Var.—Capite antice foveolato.

A delicately formed species, somewhat like H. gre-

garia, but much smaller and more fragile. Antenne

slender, longer than the head and thorax, scarcely at all

thickened towards the apex, pitchy or pitchy testaceous,

joints 1, 2, 3 moderately long, of about equal length, the

3rd about half as long again as the fourth, 4-10 differing

but little in length, each longer than broad, eleventh

oblong, about half as long again as the tenth. Head sub-

quadrate, a little narrower than the thorax, finely punc-

tured. Thorax about as long as broad, scarcely narrowed

behind, a little narrower than the elytra, thickly and very

finely punctured. Elytra a little paler in colour than the

head and thorax, longer by a half than the latter, their

length greater than their width, very thickly and finely

punctured. Abdomen with segments 2-5 finely, but not

very densely punctured, the sixth nearly impunctate.

Legs slender, yellow.

In some examples the head has a fovea in front, and

the thorax is more or less distinctly channelled. Also in

some specimens, each elytron has a distinct impression

near the apex; the antenne also are a little more thick-

ened towards the apex in some specimens, than in others.

The male has a large raised tubercle on the middle of

the upper surface of the sixth segment of the abdomen,

and the apex of the seventh segment is furnished with

four teeth, two small distinct ones placed together in the

middle, and a scarcely visible one on each side; more-

over the hind margin of the seventh segment underneath

takes the form of an obtuse angle in the male, while it is

gently rounded in the female.

Common amongst the shingle on the banks of the

Scotch rivers, also in Wales.

Obs. 1.—In the British Museum are specimens of H.

velox sent by Dr. Kraatz; these agree with the species

I am at present considering.

Obs. I1.—Mr. Wollaston’s description of H. cambrica,

(loc. cit.) evidently refers to an immature form of this

species; one of the examples there described is now in

102 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Mr. Crotch’s collection, and is undoubtedly an immature

female of H. velox, Kr. Moreover the locality where it

was taken (Bettws-y-coed) has since produced H. velox

commonly, and no other species to which Mr. Wollaston’s

description could be applied. Hence, as the name H.

cambrica is anterior to Kraatz’s by two years, I have

adopted it.

7. Homalota planifrons.

Subdepressa, subnitida, nigro-fusca, antennis elytris-

que fuscis, pedibus testaceis; subtiliter haud confertim

punctata; antennis apicem versus paullo incrassatis, ar-

ticulis penultimis subtransversis, capite subtriangulari ;

thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato; elytris hoc

paullo longioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 sub-

tiliter, haud crebre punctatis, segmento quinto parcius

punctato. Long. 14 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo

acuto, 7° apice denticulis quatuor, instructo.

H. planifrons, Wat. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1863, p.

150. (H. platycephala, errore).

About the size and appearance of H. gregaria, but

more shining and more sparingly punctured. Antennz

of moderate stoutness, but little thickened towards the

apex; jomts 1-3 of about equal length, 4 shorter than 5,

only about half as long as 3, 5-10 differing little in length,

the first of them a little longer, the last of them a little

shorter than broad, eleventh joint ovate, half as long

again as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the

thorax, subtriangular, narrowed in front, with a distinct

channel on the upper side; sparingly and finely punc-

tured. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as long

as broad, a little narrowed behind, pretty densely and

finely punctured, with a distinct channel or impression

along the middle. Elytra paler in colour than the head

and thorax; a little longer than the latter, finely and

somewhat sparingly punctured. Abdomen with segments

2-4 finely but not densely punctured; fifth segment

rather more sparingly punctured than the fourth, sixth

nearly smooth. Legs testaceous.

The male has the sixth segment of the abdomen fur-

nished on the upper side, in the middle, with a distinct

acute tubercle, and the posterior margin of the seventh

British Species of Homalota. 103

segment with four teeth ; two placed. close together in

the middle, and one at the outside of the segment on

each side.

This species resembles H. Hichoffi in the shape of the

head, but is less depressed, and more robust than that

species ; the antenne are not so slender, and are more

thickened towards the apex, and the punctuation is more

sparing. From H. gregaria, which it resembles in size

and appearance, H. planifrons may be distmguished by

its head narrowed in front, its more sparingly punc-

tured upper surface, and the male characters. It also

resembles H. elongatula somewhat, but has a differently

shaped head, the thorax narrowed behind, and different

male characters.

Found in the neighbourhood of London, but apparently

very rare. I have seen only five specimens of it, and of

these but one is a male.

Group II. Small, delicate species, with all the segments

of the abdomen punctured ; antenne not at all thickened

towards the apew. (Species 8—12).

The five species of this group are all found under

stones on the banks of rivers, and nowhere else; they

form a well-defined and natural group, with the exception

that in H. subtilissima the structure of the antenne is

somewhat different from that of the other species.

8. Homalota eximia.

Depressa, nigro-fusca, elytris fuscis, ore, antennis,

pedibus, anoque testaceis, dense subtilissime punctata ;

antennis gracillimis, apicem versus haud incrassatis;

capite thoraceque canaliculatis, hoc subquadrato, basin

versus paulo angustato; elytris thorace longioribus; ab-

domine supra crebre equaliter punctato. Long. | lin.

Mas ; antennis paulo longioribus, abdomine segmento

7° ventrali longe producto.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio

leviter emarginato.

H. fragilicornis, Wat. Cat. (Kr. ? ?).

About the size and build of H. fragilis, Kr. Antenna

slender, elongate, entirely yellow, not at all thickened

104 Dr. Sharp’s Levision of the

towards the apex, each joint with the length very dis-

tinctly greater than the breadth; joimt three a little

shorter than two; four about half as long as two; five

half as long again as four; five to eleven differing but

little in length and breadth, the eleventh being only a

little longer than the tenth. Palpi and mouth yellow.

Head scarcely narrower than the thorax, slightly nar-

rowed in front, with a distinct channel, closely and very

finely punctured. Thorax a little narrower than the

elytra, its length almost as great as its width, gently

narrowed behind, closely and finely punctured, with a

distinct longitudinal channel. Elytra fuscous, paler to-

wards the apex, about one-third longer than the thorax,

closely and very finely punctured. Abdomen blackish,

with the extremity yellowish, its punctuation not so fine

and dense as that of the thorax and elytra, but the seg-

ments above are finely and pretty closely punctured, the

punctuation on the sixth segment being a little more

sparing than on the others. Legs testaceous, with the

tarsi comparatively short and stout.

In the male, the joints of the antenne are a little

longer than in the female; and the ventral plate of the

seventh segment of the abdomen is very much produced,

it is also very broad, and not narrowed towards the apex,

which is truncate, with the apical angles rounded.

This species is allied to H. fragilis, but is hghter m

colour, with longer joints to the antennez, the head a

little broader behind the eyes, &c. It is the fragilicornis

of Mr. Waterhouse’s catalogue, but I cannot make up

my mind that it agrees sufficiently with Kraatz’s descrip-

tion of that species.

On the banks of the Scotch rivers, but very rare.

Found at Peebles, the Nith at Thornhill and Dumfries,

the Almond near Edinburgh.

9. Homalota fragilis.

Depressa, nigra, confertim subtilissime punctata, an-

tennis elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis; antennis

apicem versus haud incrassatis, capite fere quadrato,

foveolato; thorace subquadrato, elytris paulo angustiore,

leviter canaliculato; elytris hoc tertia parte longioribus ;

abdomine supra segmentis 5 anterioribus crebre subtiliter

punctatis, sexto sparsius punctato. Long. 1 ln.

British Species of Homalota. 105

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paulo elongato,

apice rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio

leviter emarginato.

H. fragilis, Kr. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xv. 125 ; Ins. Deutsch.

ni. 223; Wat. Cat.

Var.—Thorace medio late impresso.

Black, with the elytra pitchy-black, and the legs tes-

taceous; antenne pitchy, slender, not thickened towards

the apex, the length of each joint greater than its

breadth ; second and third joits of about equal length ;

four to ten differing but little from one another in length,

eleventh about a third longer than the tenth. The head

is a little narrower than the thorax, nearly square, with

a distinct channel, or fovea; thickly and finely punc-

tured. Thorax somewhat narrower than the elytra, its

length nearly as great as its breadth, a little narrowed

behind, thickly and very finely punctured, with a channel

alone the middle, beginning from an obscure impression

behind. The elytra are shghtly paler in colour than the

head and thorax, fully one-third longer than the latter,

densely and very finely punctured. The abdomen is

black, its punctuation not so fine or dense as that of the

fore parts ; segments two to five are thickly and finely

punctured; sixth segment more sparingly punctured

than the fifth.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is a little-more produced than the upper plate,

and has its posterior margin rounded. In the female,

the seventh under plate is gently emarginate in the

middle.

This species is very abundant on the banks of the

rivers and streams everywhere in Scotland.

A variety occurs in which the thorax has a broad long-

itudinal impression along the middle; some examples are

also darker in colour than the type, and have the legs

nearly black.

10. Homalota longula.

Depressa, nigra, confertissime subtilissimeque punc-

tata, antennis tenuibus, apicem versus haud incrassatis,

fuscis, pedibus piceo-testaceis ; capite quadrato, obsolete

1mpresso ; thorace subquadrato, canaliculato, basin versus

106 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

vix angustato; elytris thorace tertia parte longioribus ;

abdomine supra toto confertissime subtilissimeque punc-

tato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paululum pro-

ducto apice rotundato.

Fem.; segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato.

HH. lonqula, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 334. Hydrosmecta

longula, Th. Sk. Col. im. 18.

Size and form of H. fragilis. Antenne pitchy, slender,

not thickened towards the apex, each joint longer than

broad, joint two longer than three, four shorter than

three, five to ten differing but little in length, eleventh

rather longer than the tenth. Head a little narrower

than the thorax; nearly square, not narrowed in front;

thickly and very finely punctured, with a more or less

obsolete impression on the middle. Thorax a little nar-

rower than the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth,

scarcely narrowed behind; with a not very distinct long-

itudinal channel; closely and very finely punctured. The

elytra are fully one third longer than the thorax, and are

also very densely and very finely punctured. The whole

of the upper surface of the abdomen is very densely and

finely punctured.

The male is not easy to distinguish from the female,

the only difference being that the ventral plate of the

seventh segment of the abdomen is a little narrowed, and

more produced than in the female.

Rare. I have found it on the banks of a tributary of

the Nith, near Dumfries, and also on the banks of the

Bowmont at Yetholm; a few specimens were also formerly

taken by Mr. Wollaston at Slapton Ley.

This species is very lke H. fragilis, but is easily dis-

tinguished by its much more densely and finely punctured

abdomen, and its darker colour.

Obs.—This species accords sufficiently well with Heer’s

description of H. longula. Kraatz’s thinobioides is gen-

erally supposed to be synonymous with H. longula, Heer,

but I cannot find that Kraatz’s description agrees accu-

rately with my specimens; moreover two examples of

H. thinobioides sent by Kraatz to the British Museum,

are specifically distinct from the present species: Mr.

Wollaston’s H. thinobioides from Madeira, is also a dif-

ferent species from the present one, having its head nar-

British Species of Homalota. 107

rowed in front, and paler legs, &c. I cannot say, how-

ever, that the insect from Madeira agrees with the

specimens of thinobioides from Kraatz in the British

“en not having had an opportunity of comparing

them.

11. Homalota delicatula.

Linearis, depressa, fusca, elytris dilutioribus, antennis

pedibusque testaceis, supra dense subtilissime punctata ;

antennis elongatis, apicem versus haud incrassatis ; abdo-

ae supra dense subtilissime zequaliter punctato. Long.

4 lin.

Very much of the size and appearance of H. subtilis-

sima, but really allied to H. longula, of which, however,

it is only one-half the size. Fuscous, with the elytra

paler, the antenne and legs testaceous. Antenne nearly

as long as the head, thorax, and elytra; not thickened

towards the apex, the length of each joint greater than

the breadth, jomt two longer than three, four shorter than

three, five to ten differing little in length, the eleventh

oblong, about one-third longer than the tenth. Head

subquadrate, scarcely narrower than the thorax, very

little narrowed in front, densely but yery finely punctured.

Thorax scarcely narrower than the elytra, its length

about equal to its breadth, a little narrowed behind,

densely and very obsoletely punctured. LElytra paler

than the head and thorax, one-third longer than the latter,

very densely and finely punctured. Abdomen with all the

segments above equally densely and very finely punc-

tured. Legs pale testaceous.

I have not been able clearly to distinguish the male

from the female ; probably the differences are the same

as in H. longula. In some examples, the head and thorax

are channelled, in others not.

Extremely rare. Found by me on the banks of the

Nith, at Thornhill, and by Mr. Crotch, at Rannoch.

Obs.—This species can only be confounded with H.

subtilissima or H. longula; from the former, its long an-

tenne and densely punctured abdomen readily distin-

guish it. It is only half the size of H. longula, is of a

much paler colour, and the punctuation of the abdomen

is not quite so dense and fine.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT It. (may). K

108 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

12. Homalota subtilissima.

Linearis, subdepressa, fusca, thorace elytrisque dilu-

tioribus, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis; antennis

apicem versus haud incrassatis; thorace subquadrato,

canaliculato ; elytris hoc longioribus; abdomine supra

eequaliter subtiliter sat confertim punctato. Long.

3 lin,

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paululum pro-

ducto.

Hl. subtilissima, Kr. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xv. 126; Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 230.

Var.—Thorace haud vel vix canaliculato.

A very small species, of delicate formation and colour-

ing. Antenne testaceous, moderately stout, but not

thickened towards the apex ; joints one and two rather

stout, and of moderate length; three not much more

than half as long as two, much narrowed at the base ;

four shorter than three, subquadrate ; five a little longer

and stouter than four; five to nine differing little from

one another in length and breadth, each one distinctly

narrowed towards the base, the length of each very

nearly as great as the breadth; ten rather longer than

nine, the eleventh joint half as long again as the tenth.

Head subquadrate, with a distinct impression above, very

finely and pretty densely punctured. Thorax rather

wider than the head, and a little narrower than the elytra ;

its length about equal to its breadth, a little narrowed

behind, with a longitudinal channel in the middle, ex-

tremely finely and pretty closely punctured. Elytra

hghter in colour than the head and thorax, and not so

shining ; fully one-third longer than the thorax, densely

and very finely punctured, the punctuation denser than

on the rest of the upper surface. Abdomen with all the

segments on the upper side finely and tolerably closely

punctured, the punctuation of the terminal segments

being rather more sparing than that of the basal ones,

its apex testaceous. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment underneath

is rather more produced than in the female, and its hind

margin is rather more rounded.

Common on the banks of the Scotch rivers ; it is found

in company with Thinobius linearis, which it resembles

greatly in colour and appearance.

British Species of Homalota. 109

- Obs.—This species has very much the structure of H.

elongatula and its allies; but its very small size, and its

facies, associate it rather with the foregoing species. My

specimens agree entirely with examples of H. subtilis-

sima, sent by Kraatz to the British Museum.

Group III. Species of moderate size, with all the seq-

ments of the abdomen punctured, and the antennee slightly

thickened towards the apex. (Species 13—19).

The species forming this group have much the habits

of the members of the genus T’achyusa, and are to be

found running about in company with them in muddy

places, in marshes, on the banks of rivers, and on the

coast. The species differ a good deal in appearance.

H. plumbea has been described as an Aleochara; it has

much the colour and appearance of Aleochara grisea and

its allies, in company with which it is found. H. fallax

approaches very closely to Oxypoda.

13. Homalota littorea.

Nigra, antennis elytris anoque fuscis, pedibus fusco-

testaceis; antennis apicem versus leviter incrassatis ;

capite subrotundato, thorace evidenter angustiore ;

thorace longitudine latitudine breviore ; elytris hoc tertia

parte longioribus, cum capite thoraceque subtiliter con-

fertim punctatis ; abdomine supra dense equaliter minus

subtiliter punctato. Long. 1} hn.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-

ducto, angusto, apice rotundato.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali latiore, apice medio vix

evidenter emarginato.

H. fluviatilis, Wat. Cat. (Kr. ? ?).

A rather shining and but little depressed species.

Antenne pitchy, with the basal joint a little paler ; longer

than the head and thorax, moderately stout, a little

thickened towards the apex ; first and second joints mo-

derately long and stout; third a little shorter than the

second, narrowed towards the base ; fourth shorter than

third ; four to ten differing but little from one another

in length, the first of them distinctly longer than broad,

the last of them about as lone as broad; eleventh joint

K 2

110 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

ovate, nearly twice as long as the tenth. Head much

smaller than the thorax, not much more than half the

width of the elytra, obsoletely and not very closely punc-

tured. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, a

little shorter than broad, a little narrowed behind, with

an indistinct fovea in the middle of the base; densely

and very finely punctured, and with extremely delicate

pubescence. Llytra lighter in colour than the head and

thorax, about one-fourth longer than the latter; their

breadth rather greater than their length, densely and

finely punctured, and delicately pubescent. The abdomen

is black, and rather shining, with the apex hghter in

colour ; all the segments are thickly and equally punc-

tured, the punctuation and pubescence being much

coarser than on the front parts of the body. The legs

are dirty yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is considerably produced, and narrower than in

the female. In the female, the hind margin of the same

plate, as well as being broader than in the male, is in the

middle very gently emarginate.

Rare. I have found it m muddy places, on the sea

shore, at Deal and Brighton, and it has been taken in

other localities ; always on the sea shore.

H. littorea is best compared with H. luteipes, than

which it is rather smaller ; the antennez are shorter, the

thorax is much shorter and broader, and the punctua-

tion of the abdomen is a little coarser and more sparing.

Obs.—The above is the insect referred to as possibly

H. fluviatilis, Kr. (in Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 16.)

by Mr. Waterhouse ; but it conforms neither with Kraatz’s

description, nor with specimens of H. fluviatilis, sent by

Kraatz to the British Museum. Moreover, I have seen

a specimen which has been sent to Dr. Kraatz, and re-

turned by him marked ‘ H. nov. spec., ex affinitate H.

elongatula.”

14. Homalota imbecilla.

Depressa, nigro-fusca, antennis ore ano pedibusque

testaceis, elytris ferrugineis ; antennis elongatis, apicem

versus vix incrassatis ; thorace transversim subquadrato ;

elytris hoc paulo longioribus; abdomine supra toto con-

fertim evidenter punctato. Long. 1 lin.

British Species of Homalota. 111

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apice

rotundato.

Fem.; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio emarginato.

H. imbecilla, Wat. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 16.

A moderate-sized, depressed, rather brightly coloured

species. The antenne are much longer than the head and

thorax, moderately stout, scarcely at all thickened to-

wards the apex, the length of each joint greater than its

breadth ; first joint rather stout; two and three more

slender than it, of about equal length; four shorter than

three, five rather longer than four; five to ten differmg

but little from one another in length and breadth, the

length of each distinctly greater than its breadth;

eleventh joint oblong-ovate, elongate, quite as long as

the two preceding joints together. Head nearly black,

suborbiculate, a little narrowed in front, narrower than

the thorax, finely but not densely punctured. Thorax

pitchy-black, narrower than the elytra, a little broader

than long, slightly narrowed behind, finely and rather

densely punctured, and with an obsolete impression be-

hind. Elytra a little longer than the thorax, their length

scarcely equal to their breadth, thickly and not altogether

finely punctured. Abdomen with distinct and not very

fine pubescence, all the segments pretty densely and

finely punctured, the sixth segment, however, rather

more sparingly than the anterior ones, the seventh seg-

ment, and hind part of the sixth, reddish-yellow. Legs

yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is considerably produced, and its hind

margin gently rounded, while in the female it is broadly

and distinctly emarginate.

Found rarely, under sea-weed, in various parts of the

south of England, Brighton, Lymington, Chatham.

Obs.—This species occurs in various parts of France,

and is generally called meridionalis, Muls., which is,

however (according to Kraatz) a darker coloured species

with shorter penultimate joints to the antenne, &c. M.

Brisout de Barneville has forwarded me a specimen taken

at Hyéres, with the remark, that it is stated by Kraatz

to be “ pas meridionalis, Muls.”

15. Homalota luteipes.

Nigra, antennis elongatis piceis, elytris ferrugineis,

pedibus testaceis ; capite angusto; thorace subquadrato,

112 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

postice haud angustato; elytris hoc paulo longioribus ;

abdomine supra eequaliter dense subtiliter punctato-

Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paululum pro-

ducto; capite evidenter feveolato.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio anguste sed

distincte exciso.

H. luteipes, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 8320; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 88; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 224; Wat. Cat. Dilacra

luteipes, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 32.

Somewhat like a small H. elongatula, but not so de-

pressed, and narrower in front. Antenne pitchy,

elongate, rather slender, slightly thickened towards the

apex; joints two and three of about equal length,

slender; four much shorter than three, five longer than

four ; bee to ten differing but little in length, aaa each

very slightly broader than the preceding one, none of

the joints transverse; eleventh joint rather long, ovate,

half as long again as the tenth. Head narrower than the

thorax, not much more than half the breadth of the

elytra, with a fovea in the middle, indistinct in the

female, distinct in the male, finely and pretty densely

punctured. Thorax narrower than the elytra, sub-

quadrate, its length about equal to its breadth, not nar-

rowed behind, even a little narrowed towards the front,

closely and finely punctured, not channelled, with a very

small and indistinct fovea in front of the scutellum.

Hlytra ferruginous, darker towards the base; a little

longer than the thorax, closely and finely punctured,

All the segments of the abdomen above are very closely

and finely punctured, the sixth not at all more sparingly

than the others. The legs are bright yellow.

In the male the antenne are a little more slender than

in the female ; the fovea on the head is more distinct,

and the seventh segment of the abdomen underneath is

a little produced, with its apex rounded; while in the

female the hind margin of this segment is, in the middle,

narrowly but distinctly emarginate.

Rare. Horning and Hammersmith.

Obs —The dense punctuation of the abdomen, together

with the structure of the head and thorax, easily distim-

guish this from all other species. Thomson remarks that

it bears a little resemblance to Oxypoda longiuscula.

Specimens sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree

entirely with our English ones.

British Species of Homalota. 113

16. Homalota labilis.

Nigra, nitida, antennis piceis, pedibus testaceis, femor-

ibus infuscatis ; antennis apicem versus paulo incrassatis ;

thorace subquadrato, cum capite elytrisque subtiliter

sat confertim punctato; abdomine supra equaliter con-

fertim subtiliter punctato. Long. 14-13 ln.

Mas; capite impresso, abdomine segmento 7° ventrali

evidenter producto, angusto, apice rotundato-ovali.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio obsolete, vix

evidenter, emarginato.

H., labilis, Er. Kif. Brand.i.699; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

88; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1,226; Wat. Cat. Gnypeta labilis,

fi. Sk.,Col.. ni. 7.

Var.—Robustior, pedibus nigris, genubus tarsisque

testaceis. :

H. cerulea, Wat. Cat.

A black and very shining species. Antenne of moder-

ate length and thickness, a little thickened towards the

apex; pitchy, sometimes paler at the base; second and

third joints rather long, third nearly as long as the second ;

five to ten differing but little in length; the first of them

a little longer than, the last of them scarcely so long as,

broad; eleventh about half as long again as the tenth.

Head but little narrower than the thorax, extremely

finely, but pretty densely punctured. Thorax consider-

ably narrower than the elytra; a little narrowed behind,

its length about equal to its breadth, with an impression

in front of the scutellum ; extremely finely and tolerably

densely punctured. EHlytra about a fourth part longer

than the thorax; very finely and pretty densely punc-

tured. Abdomen with all the segments above densely

and finely punctured ; the sixth not more sparingly than

the others; both the punctuation and pubescence are

more distinct than those of the fore parts. The legs are

yellowish, with the thighs (and the tibiz more or less)

infuscate.

In the male the head has a distinct impression on the

upper surface, and the seventh abdominal segment under-

neath is narrow, and distinctly produced.

Common on the muddy banks of rivers and ponds.

It runs with great rapidity in the warm sunshine of spring

days.

114 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Obs.—The variety with black legs is also generally

larger, broader, and more robust. The species also varies

a good deal in the thickness of the antenne.

17. Homalota carbonaria.

Ceeruleo-nigra, subnitida, tarsis nigro-testaceis, con-

fertim subtilius punctata, fronte impressa; abdomine

supra undique equaliter confertissime punctato. Long.

1} ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paulo angustiore

et magis producto.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato-

truncato.

Tachyusa carbonaria, Sahl. Ins. Fenn.1.351. J. ceeru-

lea, Sahl. l.c. H. ripicola, Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. v. 317;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 227.

This species is so closely allied to H. labilis, that it is

sufficient to point out the characters which distinguish it

from that common species. H. carbonariais rather larger,

of a distinct blue colour, with the legs and antennz en-

tirely blue-black, except that the tarsi, and a small spot

at the knees, are dusky testaceous; the head has a distinct

impression in both sexes, and the upper surface is not so

shining as in H. labilis.

Very rare. I have found it in company with Tachyusa

chalybea (which it resembles in colour) on the banks of

the Nith, and it occurs also, I believe, on the banks of

the Trent.

Obs.—This species is generally represented in British

collections by dark coloured robust varieties of H. labilis.

18. Homalota plumbea.

Plumbeo-nigra, sub-opaca, confertissime subtilissime-

que punctata, undique densius griseo-pubescens, antennis

piceis, pedibus fusco-testaceis; antennis apicem versus

vix incrassatis ; thorace subquadrato, coleopteris multo

angustiore; abdomine ezequaliter confertissime subtilis-

simque punctato. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra apice

rotundato.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra obsolete, infra late

sed evidenter, emarginato.

British Species of Homalota. 115

H. plumbea, Wat. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 15.

Black; but the whole body covered with a short dense

pubescence, giving ita gray appearance. Antenne rather

slender and moderately long, but little thickened towards

the apex; pitchy ; joit three considerably shorter than

two, four shorter than three, four to ten each differing

but little in length and breadth, the first of them a little

longer than broad, the last scarcely so long as broad;

eleventh joint rather stout, about twice as long as the

tenth. Head small, narrower than the thorax, only about

half the width of the elytra; narrowed behind the eyes;

very closely and finely punctured ; covered with a short,

fine, and dense pubescence. Thorax subquadrate, nearly

as long as broad ; much narrower than the elytra; a little

narrowed behind, with a broad shallow impression in the

middle before the base; densely and finely punctured,

and pubescent. The elytra are broad, rather broader

than long; nearly one-third longer than the thorax; like

it very densely punctured and pubescent. The abdomen

is not quite so dull as the fore parts; all the segments

very densely and finely punctured, and covered (except

at the extreme base of each segment, which is rather

shining) with a depressed pubescence. The legs are tes-

taceous, more or less infuscate; the tarsi rather short

and stout.

The sexes are easy to distinguish, but I am not quite

certain which is the male; in that which I suppose to be

the male, both the upper and lower plates of the seventh

segment of the abdomen have the hind margin gently

rounded ; while in the other sex, the hind margin of the

same segment is obsoletely emarginate above, and more

evidently so on the underside. The antennz are a little

longer in this sex, so that it may perhaps prove to be

the male.

Local: in chalky places on the coast, under seaweed ;

when found, generally in numbers. Brighton, Seaford,

Weymouth.

Obs.—This is a remarkable species, not readily to be

confounded with any other; the dense pubescence with

which it is covered, giving it a peculiar grayish appear-

ance; the thorax, much narrower than the elytra, is also

remarkable.

116 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

19. Homalota fallax. e

Linearis, opaca, omnium subtilissime confertissimeque

punctata, pube brevissima densius vestita, nigra, elytris

ferrugineis, antennis fusco-testaceis, pedibus testaceis ;

antennis apicem versus v1x incrassatis; capite thoraceque

elytris vix angustioribus ; thorace subquadrato; elytris

hoc paulo longioribus; abdomine opaco, undique subtilis-

sime confertissimeque punctato. Long. 14-14 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali angustiore, et

magis producto.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice, supra et

infra, rotundato.

H. fallaz, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 227.

A remarkable species ; its punctuation and pubescence

being rather those of an Oxypoda than a Homalota. An-

tennze moderately stout, scarcely thickened towards the

apex ; third joint a little shorter than the second ; four

to ten differmg but little from one another in length,

but each one slightly broader than the preceding ; the first

of them distinctly, the last of them scarcely, longer than

broad; eleventh joint not quite twice as long as the

tenth. Head but little narrower than the thorax, a little

broader behind the eyes, extremely densely and finely

punctured. Thorax scarcely narrower than the elytra, sub-

quadrate; alittle broader than long, scarcely narrowed

behind, with a shallow impression in the middle in front

of the base, from which proceeds a very indistinct channel ;

extremely densely and finely punctured. Elytra but

little longer than the thorax, lighter in colour than it

and the head, brownish, darker towards the base, their

length scarcely so great as their width, very densely and

finely punctured. The abdomen is very dull; all the

segments extremely densely and finely punctured, and

entirely covered with a very short dense pubescence ;

the posterior margins of the segments and the anus

brownish. Legs reddish-testaceous, the posterior tarsi

long and slender, their basal joint being nearly twice as

long as the second.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is much narrower, and is more produced

than in the female.

The only locality I know for this remarkable species

is Hammersmith Marshes, near London ; where it was

formerly not uncommon among dead leaves in winter

and spring.

British Species of Homalota. 117

Obs. 1.—The punctuation and pubescence of this species

are entirely those of an Oxypoda, to which genus it ap-

proaches, moreover, in the structure of its posterior

tarsi.

Obs. 11.—Kraatz says that H. fallax is found exclu-

sively on the coast; this would raise a suspicion that

his species is not the same as the one I have described

above. I have never seen a foreign example of H. fallaz,

Kr., but can find no discrepancy between Kraatz’s de-

scription and my numerous specimens from Hammer-

smith. Iam not aware that the species has ever been

found on the coast in this country.

Group IV. Male without tubercle or keel on the siath

segment ; abdomen with the siath segment nearly impune-

tate, the others pretty closely punctured, the fifth often more

sparingly than the fourth. (Species 20—27).

A natural group, the species of which live among moss

and leaves, in damp, and sometimes in muddy places.

H. elongatula is often found in great numbers, running

on the banks of rivers and ponds.

20. Homalota luridipennis.

Lata, sat depressa, nigro-fusca, antennarum basi ely-

tris pedibus anoque testaceis, abdominis segmentorum

marginibus ferrugineis, confertim subtiliter punctata ;

thorace transversim subquadrato; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-4 confertim subtiliter punctatis, 5° sparsim

punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio levi-

ter emarginato, ventrali recurvo, valde triangulariter

producto, apice ipso emarginato-truncato.

Fem.; segmento 7° dorsali apice medio obsoletissime

emarginato, ventrali apice rotundato.

Bolitochara luridipennis, Man. Précis, p. 77; H. luri-

dipennis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 221; Atheta producta,

(Muls.), Th. Sk. Col. 11. 66.

A large, broad, rather dull, and depressed species.

Antennz moderately long and stout, a little thickened

towards the apex, fuscous, with the base lighter ; joints

118 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

two and three of about equal length, four to ten differ-

ing little from one another in length, but each one a

httle stouter than its predecessor, the first of them

longer than broad, the last of them scarcely so long

as broad; eleventh joint half as long again as the

tenth. Palpi testaceous. Head broad, rounded, a little

narrower than the thorax, closely and finely punctured,

the vertex flattened in the male. Thorax a little narrower

than the elytra, about one-third broader than long,

scarcely at all narrowed behind ; its disc flat, with an in-

distinct impression in the middle in front of the base,

closely and finely punctured. The elytra are yellowish,

about one-third longer than the thorax, their length not

quite so great as their breadth, their punctuation dense

and fine. The margins of the segments of the abdomen

are brownish, and the extremity is hghter im colour ;

segments two to four are pretty thickly and finely punc-

tured ; fifth segment sparingly punctured ; sixth nearly

impunctate. The legs are yellow, rather robust.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal

segment has the hind margin emarginate in the middle,

while the under plate is very much produced, and turned

upwards ; the sides of the produced part are not evenly

rounded, but suddenly narrowed in the middle; the ex-

treme apex is narrow, and emarginate.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment

is obsoletely emarginate at the apex, while the under

plate is not produced, and the posterior margin is gently

rounded.

Generally distributed, and not uncommon in damp

places, on the banks of rivers, &c., in both England and

Scotland.

Obs.—This species is allied to H. elongatula, but is

readily distinguished by its broader, more robust form,

more transverse thorax, and the extraordinary structure

of the seventh segment of the abdomen in the male.

21. Homalota londinensis.

Linearis, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibus

anoque rufo-testaceis, confertim subtiliter punctata ; an-

tennis sat tenuibus, articulo penultimo leviter transverso ;

capite medio canalicula brevi; thorace subquadrato,

British Species of Homalota. 119

longitudine latitudine haud breviore; abdomine seg-

mentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° parce punctato,

6° fere levigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem

versus angustato, apice ipso emarginato-truncato.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra apice ro-

tundato.

Var.—Rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque cingulo ante

apicem fuscis.

Very like a large brightly-coloured H. elongatula, but

still larger than the largest of that species. Antennze

moderately long and slender, but little thickened towards

the apex, pitchy, with the basal joints reddish-testaceous ;

joints two and three of about equal length, four to ten

each one a little shorter and broader than its predecessor,

the first of them longer than broad, the last of them not

quite so long as broad; eleventh joint moderately long,

not quite so long as the tenth. Palpi, and parts of the

mouth, reddish-yellow. Head narrower than the thorax,

suborbiculate, with a distinct short channel on the vertex

finely but not closely punctured. Thorax a little nar-

rower than the elytra, about as long as broad, not

narrowed behind, with a longitudinal channel in the

middle; closely and finely punctured ; scarcely black in

colour, generally more or less distinctly reddish-brown.

Elytra about a third longer than the thorax, their length

shghtly greater than their width, of a reddish or brown-

ish-red colour, closely and finely punctured. Abdomen

black, with the extremity, as well as the hind margins of

the segments, more or less distinctly reddish-yellow ;

segments two to four closely and finely punctured, fifth

more sparingly, sixth nearly smooth. Legs reddish-

yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is produced, and narrowed towards the

apex, but scarcely bent upwards ; the apex itself is trun-

cate, and a little emarginate ; the hind margin of the

upper plate is not at all emarginate. In the female, the

upper and under plates of the seventh segment both have

the hind margin gently rounded.

This species varies considerably in colour.

Not uncommon in marshy places in the neighbourhood

of London. It occurs elsewhere, but, apparently, more

120 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

rarely. I have a specimen from as far north as Inver-

ness-shire, and have also seen the species from Germany.

Hf. londinensis may readily enough be mistaken for

any of three other species, lwridipennis, elongatula, and

terminalis. From luridipennis it is distmguished by its

narrow form, bright colour, not transverse thorax, and

less marked male characters. From elongatula its larger

size, brighter colour, rather more transverse penultimate

joints of the antenne, and the male characters (approach-

ing luridipennis) distinguish it. It has much the colour of

terminalis (a species not yet found in Britain), but has

slender antennx, which are also darker in colour ; it is

larger, and has different male characters.

22. Homalota hygrotopora.

Latior, fusco-nigra, antennis piceis, basi piceo-testa-

ceis, elytris fuscis, pedibus obscure testaceis, confertim

subtiliter punctata; thorace transversim subquadrato ; ab-

domine supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre subtiliter punctatis,

5° sparsim punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-

ducto, apicem versus angustato, apice ipso rotundato-

acuminato.

H. hygrotopora, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 220; Wat. Cat.

H. opacula, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 272 (forte).

Like H. elongatula, but larger, broader, of a more ob-

scure colour. The antenne are moderately slender,

scarcely thickened towards the apex; pitchy black, ob-

scurely paler at the base; joints two and three moderately

long, two a little longer than three, four to ten differmg

but little in length, the first of them longer than broad,

the last of them about as long as broad; eleventh joint

about half as long again as the tenth. Palpi pitchy-

yellow. Head rather broad, narrower than the thorax,

the disc flat, finely, not very thickly punctured, dull.

Thorax narrower than the elytra, about one-third broader

than long, scarcely narrowed behind, with an indistinct

impression in the middle in front of the scutellum ;

very finely and pretty densely punctured. The elytra

are of an obscure pitchy-brown colour; about one-

third longer than the thorax, their length not quite so

British Species of Homalota. 121

great as their breadth. Abdomen black, shining; seg-

ments two to four pretty finely and thickly punctured,

fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly

impunctate; the extreme apex obscurely pitchy. Legs

pitchy-testaceous.

In the male the under plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is much produced, narrowed towards the apex ;

the apex is not pointed, but formed by the meeting of

two gentle curves.

This species is generally distributed in England and

Scotland. It is fond of very wet places, in marshes, and

on the banks of streams and rivers.

Obs.—Thomson’s H. hygrobia is said to be this species

(vide Kr. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1860, p. 99), but his descrip-

tion does not bear this out; moreover, Thomson in his

9th vol., when going over the synonymy of the genus,

does not quote Kraatz’s hygrotopora as a synonym of his

hygrobia. On the other hand the description by Thom-

son (loc. cit.) of H. opacula seems to agree very well with

this species. I thinkit not improbable that H. hygrobia,

Th., will prove to be a var. of H. elongatula.

23. Homalota elongatula.

linearis, nigra, subnitida, elytris antennisque fuscis,

harum basi pedibusque testaceis, confertim subtiliter

punctata; thorace subquadrato; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° sparsius punctato,

6° fere levigato. Long.14 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-

ducto, apicem versus sat angusto.

Fem.; segmento 7° dorsali apice medio obsolete emar-

ginato.

Aleochara elongatula, Gravy. Micr. Bruns. 79; H. elon-

gatula, Kr. (ex parte) Gen. et Spec. Staph. 89; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 1. 216; Atheta elongatula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 67.

A moderate-sized, rather narrow and elongate species,

varying somewhat in colour and size. The antennez are

rather long, scarcely thickened towards the apex; joints

two and three rather long and slender, three not quite

so long as two, four to ten differing little from one another,

the first of them longer than broad, the last of them aboutas

long as broad ; eleventh joint not quite twice the length of

122 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

the tenth. The palpi are yellowish, with the last joint

more or less infuscate. The head is narrower than the

thorax, suborbiculate, the disc moderately convex, very

- finely and not very closely punctured. The thorax is

but little narrower than the elytra, subquadrate, the

length being about equal to the breadth, scarcely nar-

rowed behind, with or without a central longitudinal

channel, finely and closely punctured. The elytra vary

in colour, being sometimes reddish-brown, sometimes

pitchy-black ; they are about one-third longer than the

thorax; subquadrate, their length being about equal to

their breadth; closely and finely punctured. The abdo-

men is black and shining, more or less distinctly yellow

at the apex; segments two to four pretty closely and

finely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-

tured, sixth nearly smooth. Legs yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is narrow, and projects considerably be-

yond the upper plate ; its hind margin is gently rounded.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment

is shghtly emarginate in the middle, while the under plate

is broader than the same part in the male, and does not

project beyond the upper plate.

Extremely common all over the kingdom, in moss, and

wet places, on the banks of rivers, &c.

24. Homalota volans.

Linearis, antennis sat tenuibus, articulis penultimis

quadratis, crebre subtiliter punctata; thorace transver-

sim subquadrato; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre

subtiliter punctatis, 5° sparsius punctato, 6° fere leevi-

gato. Long. 13-1} lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali vix producto,

apice rotundato.

Fem. ; segmento 7° dorsali apice rotundato.

H. volans, Scriba, Stet. Ent. Zeit. 1859, p. 413.

This species, distinguished from H. elongatula by Herr

Scriba, is extremely variable, and most difficult to cha-

racterize. Some of its varieties approach extremely

closely to H. elongatula, but it is, I think, a really dis-

tinct species. Compared with H. elongatula, it has less

developed antennz, these being a little more slender,

British Species of Homalota. 123

and a little shorter than in elongatula; the second joint

is rather longer in proportion to the third, and each joint

is generally rather more narrowed towards the base.

Volans is generally smaller than elongatula, and the spe-

cimens of equal size with elongatula are broader in pro-

portion (though the smallest variety of volans is, com-

paratively, narrower than elongatula). The thorax of H.

volans is shorter than that of H. elongatula, and the male

and female characters offer constant distinctive charac-

ters. The male of H. elongatula has the ventral portion

of the seventh segment narrow, and produced consider-

ably beyond the upper plate, while in volans the same

part is broader, shorter, and more evenly rounded, and

projects but little beyond the upper plate.

In the female of H. elongatula, the upper plate has the

apex in the middle a little emarginate, while in volans

the outline of the hind margin is not interrupted. The

setze towards the apex of the abdomen are in each sex of

H. volans more numerous than in elongatula.

The type of H. volans is 13-14 lin. long; the antennz

are moderately long and slender, of an obscure ferrugi-

nous colour. The thorax is about a fourth broader

than long, a little narrower than the elytra; these are

about a third longer than the thorax. The legs reddish-

yellow.

Var. a.—Smaller than the type, more especially nar-

rower and more parallel, the thorax rather longer, and a

little more narrowed behind; the antennz and legs of a

dusky yellow.

Var. 8.—Rather larger and more robust than the type,

the colour of the legs, antenne, and elytra, brighter.

Var. y.—Like £8, but still brighter in colour, with a

more transverse thorax, this part appearing therefore

more narrowed behind.

Var. §&.—Broader and more depressed than the type ;

black, with the antenne pitchy and slender; the head

small in proportion to the thorax, and the thorax more

transverse, being fully one-third broader than long (? H.

melanocera, 'Th.).

Though the extreme forms of these varieties might be

considered distinct species, yet they are connected with

the type by intermediate specimens in the most unmis-

takeable manner. They occur more or less as races; that

TRANS. ENT, soc, 1869.—PaRT I. (MAY). L

124 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

is to say, that in a given spot the greater portion of the

specimens found may be referred to one or other of

the varieties. The type and var. 8 are the commonest,

more especially in the south; var. a is rare, I have found

single specimens of it at different times near Thornhill;

var. y is rare, but generally distributed; of var. 6, the

extreme forms are to be found only among the Scotch

hills, in shady and wet places, but I have from Wimble-

don Common numerous specimens intermediate between

it and the type.

The varieties might be increased to an indefinite extent,

by taking into consideration the channelling of the thorax,

the colour of the extremity of the abdomen, and of the

elytra, &c.

Obs.—I am strongly inclined to think that several of

the species of Homalota described by Thomson as allied

to H. elongatula will prove to be forms of H. volans.

Indeed, a specimen of Atheta halophila which Mr. Crotch

has received from Herr Thomson is certainly not specifi-

cally distinct from H. volans.

25. Homalota clavipes.

Linearis, nigra, sat nitida, subtiliter sat confertim punc-

tata, antennis pedibus anoque fusco-testaceis; thorace

subquadrato, elytris hujus longitudinis; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 confertim subtiliter, 5-6 sat sparsim punc-

tatis. Long. 1? lin.

Mas ; segmento 7° ventrali distincte producto.

Fem.; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice

medio obtuse angulato.

Var.—Capite medio canalicula brevi.

Resembles a large dark coloured elongatula. Antennze

pitchy-testaceous, with the base a little paler, moderately

long, a little thickened towards the apex; joint two

rather longer than three ; jomts four to ten varying but

little in length, but each one a little broader than the

one before it, the fourth joint longer than broad, the

tenth about as long as broad; the eleventh not quite

twice the length of the tenth. Palpi pitchy-testaceous.

Head narrower than the thorax, pretty densely and finely

punctured, sometimes with a distinctly impressed short

channel on the disc, sometimes with an indistinct fovea,

and sometimes convex. The thorax is very nearly as

British Species of Homalota. 125

broad as the elytra, its length about equal to it breadth,

scarcely visibly narrowed behind, finely but not densely

punctured, with an indistinct impression in front of the

scutellum, from which proceeds a short channel, varying

in distinctness, and sometimes absent. LElytra pitchy-

black, not longer than, or scarcely so long as, the thorax,

finely and pretty densely punctured. Segments two to

four of the abdomen are finely, evenly, and densely punc-

tured ; the punctuation of the fifth and sixth segments

is more sparing, but distinct ; the extremity of the abdo-

men is obscurely paler. The legs are pitchy-testaceous.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is narrower than in the female, and pro-

jects considerably beyond the upper plate ; its hind mar-

gin is flattened, and sometimes appears emarginate in

the middle.

This species can only be confounded with H. elonga-

tula, but it is a little larger, darker, and more shining ;

the elytra are shorter, and the punctuation of the abdo-

men is throughout denser and more even than in H.

elongatula.

Found hitherto only on the higher mountains of Scot-

land, Ben Lomond, Mamsoul, &c.

26. Homalota tibialis.

Linearis, nigra, sat nitida, pedibus piceis ; thorace sub-

quadrato, elytris hoc fere brevioribus ; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5-6 fere levigatis. Long.

14 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem

versus angustato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-

teriore medio subtiliter emarginato.

H. tibialis, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 335; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 325 ; Wat. Cat.

This species is readily distinguished by its deep black

colour, its rather narrow elongate form, and its short

elytra, only the length of the thorax. The antenne are

pitchy, or pitchy-black, with the basal jomt obscurely

paler; they are a little thickened towards the apex ;

joints two and three of about equal length ; four and five

each about as long as broad, the fourth smaller than the

L 2

126 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

fifth ; the following joints differ but little in length, each

is a little broader than its predecessor ; the penultimate

joints each a little broader than long ; the eleventh joint

is rather stout, about half as long again as the tenth.

The head is a little narrower than the thorax; the disc

flattened, and somewhat depressed in the male; in the

female convex and with a small fovea, sparingly and

indistinctly punctured. The thorax is about as broad

as the elytra, about a fourth broader than long; the sides

nearly straight, very slightly narrowed behind, very finely

and not closely punctured, moderately shining, with an

indistinct impression in front of the scutellum. The

elytra are about as long as the thorax, black or pitchy-

black, rather sparingly punctured, but more distinctly

than the thorax, pubescence fine and scanty. The abdo-

men is black and shining, segments two to four sparingly

punctured, fifth still more sparingly punctured, sixth

nearly impunctate. Legs pitchy, or pitchy-yellow, tarsi

rather stout.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is considerably produced and narrowed

towards the apex ; in the female, the apex of this plate

is broad, not produced, a little emarginate in the middle,

and furnished with short parallel black cilia.

Common on the hills of Scotland, Wales, and the

north of England.

Obs.—It is remarkable that no one of the three species

restricted in this country to the hills (viz., tibialis, ere-

muita, and clavipes,) appears to have yet been found in

Sweden.

27. Homalota gregaria.

Linearis, vix nitida, dense subtiliter punctata, fusco-

nigra, antennis pedibusque fusco-testaceis; antennis

sat validis, apicem versus vix incrassatis; thorace sub-

quadrato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 crebre subtiliter

punctatis, 6° fere levigato. Long. 14-14 lin.

Var.—Minor, elytris antennis pedibusque testaceis.

H. gregaria, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 87; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 215; Wat. Cat. Tachyusa immunita, Er.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 916; Aloconota immunita, Th. Sk.

Col. iii. 10.

British Species of Homalota. 127

Somewhat like a small H. elongatula, but with a pecu-

liar dullish appearance, and at once to be distinguished

from that species by the punctuation of the abdomen,

and the structure of the posterior tarsi. The antennz

are rather stout for a species of this section, pitchy-

testaceous, a little thickened towards the apex; joints

two and three rather long, and of nearly equal length ;

from the fourth to the tenth each one is just a little shorter

and broader than the preceding one, the tenth scarcely

so long as broad, the eleventh rather stout and about

twice the length of the tenth. The palpi are pitchy-testa-

ceous. The head is narrower than the thorax, dull; the

punctuation so fine as to be scarcely visible. The thorax

is evidently narrower than the elytra, but little narrowed

behind, the length about equal to the breadth, very

finely and closely punctured, with a more or less distinct

broad shallow impression in the middle in front of the

base. The elytra are scarcely a fourth longer than the

thorax, closely and finely punctured. ‘The abdomen has

segments two to five above, closely, finely, and evenly

punctured, the punctuation of the fifth segment being a

little more sparing than that of the fourth; the sixth

segment is nearly impunctate. The legs are yellow,

more or less pitchy ; the posterior tarsi long and slender,

the basal joint nearly twice as long as the second.

The male is with difficulty distinguished from the

female by the upper and under plates of the seventh ab-

dominal segment being narrower than in the other sex.

The impression at the base of the thorax is often more

evident in the male than in the female.

A very abundant species all over the country, and one

which occurs in very different spots.

Obs.—Out of some hundreds of specimens, I find only

one that can be considered a variety ; it is much smaller,

and generally paler in colour than ordinary H. gregaria.

Group V. Abdomen with the basal segments sparingly

punctured, the apical ones nearly impunctate.

(Species 28—35).

Of this group H. vestita and silvicola are somewhat

discordant members; the male characters of these two

are different from the rest. H. silvicola indeed exhibits

a considerable resemblance to the merdaria group. H.

vestita is confined to the coast; the other species are

found among moss, dead leaves, &c.

128 Dr. Sharp’s Levision of the

28. Homalota vestita.

Nigra, elytris ferrugineis, antennarum basi plus mi-

nusve pedibusque testaceis, corpore anticé pube flaves-

cente sat dense evidentius vestito; capite et thorace sat

fortiter distincte punctatis, hoc basin versus evidenter

angustato ; abdomine supra basi parce punctato. Long.

12) lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali vix producto,

apice rotundato.

Fem.; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice

medio late haud profunde emarginato.

Peederus vestitus, Grav. Mon. 140; H. vestita, Er. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 84; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 208; Wat. Cat.

Thinobeena quisquiliarum, Th. Sk. Col. iti. 59.

This species is distinguished from its allies by the

punctuation of its head, thorax, and elytra, which is

more distinct and sparing than usual. The pubescence

with which it is clothed is yellowish, and lke the

punctuation, is more conspicuous, though less dense, than

in the neighbouring species.

The antennze are moderately stout, but little thickened

towards the apex, varying in colour, but with the basal

joints yellow, and rather paler im colour than the apical

ones ; joints two and three of nearly equal length ; four

to ten differing but little in length, the first of them

longer than broad, the last not quite so long as broad;

eleventh joint half as long again as the tenth. The

head is narrower than the thorax, black and shining,

distinctly but not closely punctured, the punctures not

covering the central part. The thorax is narrower than

the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth, distinctly

narrowed behind, with a central longitudinal channel

varying in distinctness, rather coarsely, but not close-

ly punctured. lHlytra obscurely brown, or yellowish-

brown, a little longer than the thorax, and moderately

closely and coarsely punctured. The abdomen is black

and shining, with the apex obscurely paler, the basal

segments are sparingly punctured, the fifth even more

sparingly than the fourth, sixth nearly impunctate. The

legs are of a yellowish colour, the posterior tarsi rather

long and moderately stout, with the claws more deve-

loped than usual.

British Species of Homalota. 129

The male has the under plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen projecting a little beyond the upper

plate, and its apex is rounded; while in the female, the

under plate does not project beyond the upper, and its

hind margin is emarginate in the middle.

Abundant under sea-weed on the coasts of England

and Scotland.

Obs.—Thomson has reversed the sexes of this species.

29. Homalota nitidula.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel piceis vel brunneis, pedibus

piceo-testaceis ; subtiliter sat confertim punctata ; thorace

subquadrato, postice haud angustato ; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 parcius punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis.

Long. 13-2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra parce subtiliter

granulato, margine apicali truncato et obsolete crenu-

lato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine

apicali rotundato.

FH. nitidula, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 211; Wat. Cat.; Atheta

nitidula, Th. Sk. Col. tii. 64.

Var.—Angustior, antennis tenuioribus, thorace paulo

longiore, elytris thoracis longitudinis. Hab. im montibus

Scotiee.

This species varies a good deal in the colour of the

legs, antenne, and elytra. The antenne are generally

black, more or less pale at the base, moderately stout,

but little thickened towards the apex; joints two and

three of about equal length; four to ten scarcely differ-

ing in length, but each a little broader than the preced-

ing one, the fourth longer than broad, the tenth not so

long as broad; eleventh joimt moderately long and

rounded, about twice the length of the tenth. Head

black and shining, smaller than the thorax, sparingly

and finely punctured. The thorax is but little narrower

than the elytra, scarcely a third broader than long, not

narrowed behind, finely and rather sparingly punctured,

with an obsolete impression in front of the scutellum,

but not channelled. The elytra are a little longer than

the thorax, but more closely and distinctly punctured.

The abdomen is shining black, with the basal’ segments

sparingly but distinctly punctured, the apical ones almost

impunctate. The legs pitchy-yellow.

130 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the male, the seventh segment of the abdomen is,

on the upper side, sparingly sprinkled with small granu-

lations, its apical margin is truncate and obsoletely

crenulate.

In the female, the upper and under plates of the

seventh seement have the hind margin gently rounded.

The type of this species (that described above) occurs

very rarely in the South of England, sometimes in the

nests of Formica fuliginosa.

In the north of Scotland, on Mamsoul, I have captured

a series of about two dozen specimens of a Homalota,

which may, perhaps, prove a distinct species from that

described above, though I think them only a variety.

They are lighter in colour, and not quite so shining, and

are narrower, especially towards the front; the antennz

are a little thinner, the thorax is longer and narrower,

so that its length is about equal to its breadth, and the

elytra are but little, if at all, longer than the thorax. The

male characters are the same as in our Southern speci-

mens. I have not seen a sufficiently large series of the

Southern form to be able to judge to what extent it

varies ; but should these Scotch specimens prove a dis-

tinct species, the name nitidiuscula may be applied to

it. Two or three examples taken on the hills about

Thornhill appear to be somewhat intermediate.

Obs. 1—A German specimen of H. nitidula, sent by

Kraatz to the British Museum, agrees entirely with our

Southern examples.

Obs. Il.—H. nitidula is only likely to be confounded

with H. graminicola, but is readily distinguished from it

by its stouter antenne, and the much finer punctuation

of its elytra.

30. Homalota oblongiuscula.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel ferrugineis vel fuscis, pedi-

bus fusco-testaceis, subtiliter sat confertim punctata ;

antennis sat validis, apicem versus incrassatis; thorace

transversim subquadrato; abdomine supra basi parcius

punctato, apice levigato. Long. 14-13 lin.

Mas ; antennis articulo tertioincrassato, capite utrinque

fortius punctato ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali obsole-

tissime crenulato, ventrali subproducto.

H. oblonga, Wat. Cat.

British Species of Homalota. 131

Var.—Thorace medio ante basin obsolete bi-impresso.

Very like H. vicina, and but little smaller; the an-

tenn are black, stout, and distinctly thickened towards

the apex ; second and third joints rather stout, of about

equal length (the third jomt thicker in the male than in

the female) ; joints four to ten differ but little in length,

the first of them is a little longer than broad, the last of

them not so long as broad; the eleventh joint rather

long, twice the length of the tenth. The head is much

smaller than the thorax, black and shining, distinctly but

not densely punctured; the disc more flattened in the

male, and the punctuation much more distinct. The

thorax is but little narrower than the elytra, not, or

scarcely at all, narrowed behind, its breadth about one-

third greater than its length, finely and not very densely

punctured, not channelled. The elytra are generally of

an obscure brownish colour, sometimes pitchy, not much

longer than the thorax, finely and pretty densely punc-

tured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal

segments sparingly and finely punctured, the apical ones

almost impunctate. The legs are testaceous, more or

less dusky, the femora not darker than the tibie.

The male differs in several points from the female.

The antenne have the third joint stouter than in the

female, and the other joints slightly shorter; the punc-

tuation of the head is much more distinct; the seventh

segment of the abdomen, on the upper side, has the

hind margin obsoletely crenulate ; and the ventral plate

is more produced than in the female, though but little

narrower.

Not common, but pretty generally distributed in Eng-

land and Scotland.

H. oblongiuscula sometimes greatly resembles H. vicina,

but is readily distinguished, amongst other characters,

by its rather stouter antenne, shorter elytra, and the

thighs not darker than the tibie. From H. nitidula its

smaller size and comparatively stouter antennz distin-

guish it.

Obs.—H. oblongiuscula is very closely allied to H.

oblonga, Kr. It is smaller, has a shorter thorax, which

is without any broad shallow impression at the base, and

it has less developed and darker coloured antenne.

Judging from Thomson’s description, Sk. Col. ix. 266,

Iiogluta microptera should be one or the other of these

two species; or, at any rate, is very closely allied.

132 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

31. Homalota silvicola.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis validis, piceo-testaceis, basi

dilutiore, articulo ultimo magno, conico; thorace sub-

quadrato ; elytris thorace paulo longioribus, leete brunneis,

evidentius punctatis ; abdomine supra basi distincte minus

crebre punctato, apice fere levigato; pedibus testaceis.

Long. 13-24 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, angus-

tato, apice rotundato.

Fem.; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice lato,

vix rotundato.

H. silvicola, Fuss, Berl. Ent. Zeit. xu. 1868, p. 353.

H. hypnorum, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3rd ser. v.

450; Liogluta hypnorum, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 265 (forte).

N.B.—Species antennarum prothoracisque structura

variabilis.

A large fine species, with remarkable antenne ; these

are stout and thickened towards the apex, bright reddish-

testaceous at the base, and more or less infuscate towards

the apex; the first joint stout, two and three moderate-

ly long, the latter a little the longer; in different speci-

mens the intermediate joints of the antennee differ con-

siderably in length, the fourth is sometimes a little

longer than broad, sometimes even broader than long;

after the fourth, the jomts differ but httle from another

in length, but each one is a little broader than its pre-

decessor, more so in some specimens than others; the

intermediate joints are more or less transverse, the tenth

always broader than long, sometimes strongly transverse,

the eleventh is stout and remarkably long, about as

long as the three preceding joints; itis of a more or

less dusky testaceous colour, and generally lighter in

colour than the preceding joints. The head is rather

small, much smaller than the thorax; black and shining,

finely and sparingly punctured. The thorax is somewhat

narrower than the elytra, variable in length, sometimes

nearly as long as broad, sometimes one-third broader than

long; very little narrowed behind, pretty finely and not

densely punctured; with an impression in front of the

scutellum, from which proceeds a short, more or less

distinct channel. The elytra are a little longer than the

thorax, of a bright brownish colour, indistinctly darker

about the scutellum and at the apical margins; thickly

British Species of Homalota. 133

and rather strongly punctured; shining, but with a well

marked pubescence. The abdomen is black and shining,

with the segments two to four distinctly but not densely

punctured ; fifth segment very sparingly punctured, sixth

almost impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is narrower and more produced than in

the female, its apex forming as it were the half of an oval.

Rare. Found at Shirley Common near London, and in

moss in different parts of Scotland; Dumfries, Strath

Cannich.

The remarkable terminal joint of the antennz of this

species, should prevent its being confounded with any

other of this section.

Obs. I.—I am indebted to Herr Scriba for an opportu-

nity of examining Herr Fuss’s type of H. silvicola; it is

undoubtedly a female of the present species, with longer

thorax and longer antenne than the average of specimens,

the latter are also less thickened towards the apex than

usual in this species.

Obs. I1.—H. silvicola must be closely allied to H. mi-

cans, Muls. (hypnorum, Kies.) to which species indeed I

formerly referred a very large and fine female specimen,

found by me im Inverness-shire. I have never had an

opportunity of examining an authentic example of H. mi-

cans or hypnorum, all the specimens I have seen named as

that species being varieties of the present insect. Thom-

son’s description of Liogluta hypnorum seems to me also

clearly to point to the species I have described above.

32. Homalota vicina.

Nigra, nitida, elytris fuscis disco testaceis, pedibus

fusco-testaceis, femoribus obscurioribus, subtiliter punc-

tata; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine supra

parce subtiliter punctato, segmento 2° dorsali medio

tuberculo parvo. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 2° tuberculo evidentiore,

7° dorsali subtiliter granulato, margine apicali medio

obscure acuminato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 2° tuberculo minore, 7°

ventrali medio late obsolete emarginato.

134 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Aleochara vicina, Steph. Ill. Brit. Ent. v. 116; H. wi-

cina, Wat. Cat. H. umbonata, Hr. Gen. et Spec. Staph.

82; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 209; Lnogluta umbonata, Th.

Sk. Col. ii. 56.

This species is remarkable by the small tubercle at the

base of the second segment of the abdomen. The an-

tennee are black, rather stout, a little thickened towards

the apex ; joints two and three rather long, of about equal

length, four to ten differing but little in length, the first

of them longer than broad, the last of them scarcely so

long as broad; eleventh about twice as long as the tenth.

Head black and shining, much narrower than the thorax,

a little narrowed behind the eyes, which are rather large

and prominent, with an indistinct impression behind the

insertion of the antenne, so that the middle part of the

head in front appears raised; sides sparingly and finely

punctured, the middle black, shining and impunctate.

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, not narrowed

behind; abouta third broader than long, finely but rather

sparingly punctured, with an impression in front of the

base in the middle. The elytra are a third longer than

the thorax, of a blackish colour at the base and edges,

the middle of a lurid testaceous, finely and pretty closely

punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal

segments very sparingly punctured, the apical ones im-

punctate; the second segment has in the middle a small

tubercle, very indistinct in the female. The legs are

pitchy testaceous, the thighs always darker than the tibie.

The male has the abdominal tubercle on the second

segment larger than in the female. The dorsal plate of

the seventh segment is sprinkled with small tubercles,

and its hind margin projects a little in the middle.

In the female, the under plate of the seventh segment

is broader and shorter than in the male, and has its hind

margin broadly but obsoletely emarginate.

Abundant all over the country.

This species is distinguished by its dark black colour,

and the lighter disc of the elytra; in this respect H. trian-

gulum somewhat resembles it, but that species is not so

shining, and is without any tubercle on the second seg-

ment of the abdomen.

Obs.—As Stephen’s description of Aleochara vicina is

pretty clearly recognizable as this species, and is anterior

to Hrichson’s wmbonata, I have adopted his name.

British Species of Homalota. 135

33. Homalota crassicornis.

Nigro-picea, nitidula, antennis fusco-testaceis, basi di-

lutiore, elytris testaceo-brunneis, pedibus testaceis; tho-

race transversim subquadrato; elytris thorace paulo long-

ioribus, alutaceis; abdomine supra antice parcius punc-

tato, apice levigato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; thorace medio late bi-impresso, abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali confertim granulato, utrinque apicem

versus granulo dentiformi majore, margine apicali medio

obtuse acuminato.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra late ro-

tundato.

Aleochara crassicornis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 486; Ino-

gluta crassicornis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 56. H. granigera,

Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xi. 218; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 207.

A shining and brightly coloured species, narrow (espe-

cially in front) in comparison with its length. The an-

tenn are rather long, not stout, thickened towards the

apex; joints two and three long and slender, three longer

than two, four to ten differing but little in length, but

each one a little broader than its predecessor, the fourth

and following joints longer than broad, but the tenth

scarcely so long as broad ; eleventh about as long as the

two preceding joints. Head considerably narrower than

the thorax; shining, nearly black, rather sparingly punc-

tured, the punctures rather large but very shallow.

The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra; pitchy-

black, and rather shining; nearly a third broader than

long, not narrowed behind, its punctuation rather sparing

and shallow, but distinct; in the male with a broad im-

pression on the disc. The elytra are a little longer than

the thorax, of a testaceous brown colour, obscurely darker

about the base and towards the margins, alutaceous. The

abdomen is pitchy-black, with the posterior edges of the

segments more or less pale, shining, the basal segments

very sparingly punctured ; fifth and sixth segments nearly

impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the thorax has a broad impression on the

disc, formed by two longitudinal impressions nearly united.

The seventh segment of the abdomen is thickly sprinkled

with very distinct granulations, one of these on each side

at the apex being larger and thickened at the front; its

136 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

hind margin is thickened and a little produced in the

middle, which forms, therefore, an obtuse angle. The

head also has sometimes a broad impression.

Of this species, I have seen only three British speci-

mens; they were taken by me in Inverness-shire. They

agree specifically with specimens of H. granigera, sent by

Kraatz to the British Museum.

Obs.—This species is closely allied to H. pagana, but is

smaller and narrower, especially in front, it is darker in

colour and more shining; the hind margin of the seventh

segment is of a different shape in the male, and the large

granulation on each side at the apex is thickened at its

forward end—a slight, but apparently very constant,

character.

34. Homalota pagana.

Picea, antice subnitida, antennis fuscis, basi pedibusque

testaceis, elytris testaceo-brunneis; thorace subquadrato,

elytris hoe paulo longioribus ; abdomine supra basi parce

punctato, apice levigato. Long. 2-2} ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali confertim granu-

lato, apicem versus utrinque granulo dentiformi, apice

ipso late rotundato, fere truncato.

Fem.; segmento 7° supra et infra apice late rotundato.

H. pagana, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 83; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 206; Wat. Cat. Liogluta arvicola, Th. Sk.

Col. 1m. 55,

A large and peculiarly coloured species. The antennee

are long, and moderately stout, but little thickened to-

wards the apex; pitchy in colour, with the base testaceous ;

basal joint stout, two and three rather long, three longer

than two, four to ten differing but little in length, the

length of each greater than its breadth; the eleventh

about as long as the two preceding. Head nearly black,

rather broad, but considerably narrower than the thorax ;

its punctuation distinct, but not close. Thorax ofa pitchy-

yellow colour, a little broader than long, a little narrower

than the elytra, shghtly narrowed behind, distinctly and

pretty closely punctured. The elytra are a little longer

than the thorax, and lighter in colour than it, their sculp-

ture close and fine, alutaceous (the German expression

for this is “ lederartig,” like leather). The abdomen is

British Species of Homalota. 137

shining, pitchy; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments

darker than the base and apex, the basal sezments very

sparingly punctured, the apical ones impunctate. The

legs are yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antenne is a little

stouter than in the female, and the antenne are altogether

a little longer and stouter; the seventh segment of the

abdomen is sprinkled above with distinct granulations,

one of these on each side at the apex being longer and

more distinct than the others ; the hind margin is thick-

ened, and nearly truncate.

Not common, but it occurs in various parts of England

and Scotland. London; the Cheviots; Strath Cannich.

Obs.—In this species the second, third, and fourth joints

of the antenne are furnished on the inside with numerous

fine white hairs; this character is common, in a greater

or less degree, to the males of several species of the genus,

but is more easily seen in H. pagana than in others.

35. Homalota graminicola.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis piceis, pedibus piceo-testa-

ceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato, basi impresso ;

elytris evidenter punctatis; abdomine supra basi parcius

punctato, segmentis 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; capite impresso, thorace basi late foveolato,

elytris confertim fortiter granulatis, abdomine supra seg-

mento 6° granulis sparsim, 7° confertim asperato, hoc

apice truncato et subtiliter crenulato ; 7° ventrali pro-

ducto, apicem versus angustato, apice ipso exciso.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice late rotundato.

Aleochara graminicola, Grav. Mon. 176; H. gramini-

cola, Hr. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 81; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii.

212; Wat. Cat.; Atheta graminicola, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 62.

Var.—Elytris castaneis, antennis pedibusque rufo-tes-

taceis.

A black shining species, with the sculpture of the

elytra coarse and distinct. Antenne slender, rather long,

but little thickened towards the apex, pitchy; joints two

and three moderately long, three a little longer than two ;

four to ten differmg but little in length, the length of

each greater than its breadth; eleventh jomt about

138 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

twice as long as the tenth. Head black and shining, spar-

ingly and indistinctly punctured, much narrower than the

thorax. Thorax narrower than the elytra, not (or scarcely)

narrowed behind, its breadth about one and a half times

its length, finely and pretty closely punctured, with an

impression in front of the base in the middle. The elytra

are about a third longer than the thorax, coarsely sculp-

tured, the sculpture consisting of small granulations,

shining in the female, duller in the male. The abdomen

is black and shining, segments two to four sparingly

punctured, five and six nearly impunctate; the apical

segment in the male distinctly, in the female sparingly

and obscurely, granulate. Legs pitchy testaceous, the

femora rather darker than the tibie.

In the male, the head has a distinct impression in the

middle of the upper surface, the impression at the base

of the thorax is larger, the granulations of the elytra are

much coarser, and more numerous, so as to make the

elytra dull. The sixth segment of the abdomen is spar-

ingly sprinkled, on the upper side, towards the apex,

with granulations; the seventh segment is distinctly

granulate, the granulations more numerous and distinct

than on the sixth segment, its apex is truncate, and

finely crenulate. The under plate of the seventh segment

is considerably produced, narrowed towards the apex,

the apex itself being a little emarginate. In the female,

both the upper and under plates of the seventh segment

have the hind margins broad, and rounded.

Very abundant all over the kingdom, in damp places.

Obs.—A. variety occurs in which the elytra are of a

brownish colour, and the antennee and legs are also of a

lighter colour than usual; it is, perhaps, Thomson’s

tenuicornis. This colour-variation is to different extents,

its extreme form appears very rare.

Section B.

Group VI. Head strongly punctured.

(Species 836—38).

The three species of this group are closely allied ; they

occur only on the coast, and are easily distinguished

from others of the genus. H. vestita (of Group V.), oc-

curring also on the coast, has a similarly punctured

head.

British Species of Homalota. 139

36. Homalota Halobrectha.

Fusco-nigra, pube flavescenti distincte vestita, sat

nitida, antennis, ore, pedibus, anoque rufo-testaceis ;

capite distincte punctulato ; thorace subquadrato, basin

versus angustato; elytris thorace longioribus, confertim

distincte punctatis ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce

punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 14-1} ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obtuse acu-

minato, ventrali apice rotundato.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice latiore, medio fere

emarginato.

H. atricilla, Seriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 290 (nee

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph.). H. alge, var., Hardy, Cat.

Col. North. & Dur. p. 116. 4H. maritima, Wat. Proc.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 1388. Halobrectha flavipes, Th.

Sk. Col. ii. 50.

Var.—Minor, elytris thorace paulo longioribus, thorace

lateribus antice magis rotundatis.

Of an obscure blackish or pitchy colour, with the

elytra browner, the legs, extremity of abdomen, antenna,

and mouth, yellowish; the anterior parts with a distinct,

moderately dense, depressed, fine, but rather rigid, yel-

lowish pubescence. The antennz are about as long as

the head and thorax, gently thickened towards the apex,

with a moderately distinct exserted pubescence, reddish-

yellow, a little infuscate towards the apex ; joints two

and three long and slender, three not quite so long as

two; four to ten, each one a little shorter and broader

than its predecessor, the first of them is longer than

broad, the last of them (eight to ten) broader than long.

The head is scarcely narrower than the thorax, suborbi-

culate, with the upper surface convex, blackish, with the

palpi and parts of the mouth yellow, distinctly and rather

coarsely, but shallowly and moderately densely punc-

tured, the punctures being real depressions ; with a fine

yellowish pubescence. The thorax is considerably nar-

rower than the elytra, its width rather greater than its

length, the sides rounded in front, then slightly but dis-

tinctly narrowed behind, moderately closely punctured,

and with a yellowish pubescence, the punctuation finer

than that of the head. The elytra are a third or fourth

longer than the thorax, of a brownish or pitchy-black

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—parT 11. (MAY). M

140 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

colour, pretty closely and distinctly but shallowly punc-

tured, and with a distinct yellowish pubescence. The

abdomen is black and shining, with the extremity yellow-

ish: segments two to four sparingly punctured, five and

six almost impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

seoment is not altogether rounded, but a little flattened on

each side, so that it is indistinctly and obtusely pointed

in the middle. The ventral plate of the same segment

is narrower, and its apex more rounded than in the

female ; but these characters are not easy to perceive.

Common under sea-weed on the coasts of England and

Scotland.

Obs. I.—Scotch specimens of this species are smaller

than the Southern ones, and have thei elytra rather

shorter, the sides of the thorax more dilated and rounded

in front, so that it is more narrowed behind; having

regard, however, to the great general resemblance in

other respects, these cannot be considered as a distinct

species. It was from such specimens, I should think, that

Thomson’s description of H. flavipes was made.

Obs. I1.—This species is said, by Herr Scriba, on the

authority of the type in the Museum at Turin, to be H.

atricilla, Er. (Gen. et Spec. Staph. 101). It is quite

certain, however, I think, that Erichson’s description

is In no way applicable to, or characteristic of, this

species; and I do not believe it was made from speci-

mens of it. I have, therefore, not adopted his name ;

there may have been some mistake about the type, there

can be none as to the description. I have not adopted

Mr. Waterhouse’s name of H. maritima,-as, according to

Harold’s Catalogue, there is a prior maritima. (I have

not, however, had any opportunity of verifying Harold’s

quotation.) Hardy’s name, H. alge, has also been pro-

posed for this species, but it cannot be used, as his de-

scription refers to H. puncticeps, of which he considered

this a variety. As there is already a well known Homa-

lota flavipes, 1 am obliged to find a new name for the

species.

37. Homalota puncticeps.

Subdepressa, subopaca, nigra, antennis pedibusque

piceis, pube flavescenti evidenter vestita; capite confer-

British Species of Homalota. 141

tim distincte punctato; thorace subquadrato, basin

versus angustato, elytris hoc fere sesqui longioribus ;

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis,

5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long 1} ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angusto,

truncato.

H. puncticeps, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Foérh. 1852, p. 183 ;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 232 ; Wat. Cat.; Halobrectha pune-

ticeps, Th. Sk. Col. in. 49. H. alge (ex parte) Hardy, Cat.

Col. North. & Dur. p.116. HH. anthracina, Fairm. Faune

Franc. 424.

Allied to H. Halobrectha, but readily distinguished by

its darker colour, more depressed form, longer elytra,

and rather finer but more distinct punctuation, and the

different male characters. The antenne are about as

long as the head and thorax, thickened towards the apex,

pretty distinctly furnished with exserted hairs, blackish,

with the base pitchy ; joints two and three long and

slender, three not so long as two; four to ten each a

little broader than its predecessor, from the seventh to

the tenth transverse ; eleventh joint not quite so long as

the two preceding. The head is but little narrower than

the thorax, distinctly, deeply, and pretty closely punc-

tured, with a fine yellowish-gray pubescence. The thorax

is considerably narrower than the elytra, its length nearly

equal to its breadth, the sides rounded in front, a little

narrowed behind, its punctuation fine and moderately

close, not so distinct as that of the head and elytra, with

scarcely any impression in front of the scutellum. The

elytra are black, nearly one-half longer than the thorax,

closely, distinctly, and regularly punctured, and with a

fine yellowish distinct pubescence. The abdomen is

black and shining, obscurely paler at the apex, segments

two to four finely and sparingly punctured, five and six

almost impunctate. Legs pitchy, or pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

segment of the abdomen is truncate; the truncate part

is narrow, and not quite straight, for it has an indistinct

projection in the middle; the ventral plate of the same

segment is considerably narrower at the apex than it is

in the female.

Pretty common under sea-weed on the coasts of Eng-

land and Scotland.

M 2

142 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Obs.—Hardy’s name of H. alge should, perhaps, be

used for this species, as it is the oldest. He, however,

considered this and H. Halobrectha as one species in his

description.

38. Homalota princeps.

Nigra, pube flavescenti vestita, antennis elytrisque

fuscis, antennarum basi pedibus anoque rufis; antennis

articulis 8-10 subtransversis; capite evidenter punctato ;

thorace subquadrato, basin versus angustato ; abdomine

supra segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 levigatis.

Long. 1? lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angusto,

truncato.

Much larger than the largest examples of H. Halobrec-

tha, or puncticeps, and in colour somewhat intermediate

between the two; allied to H. puneticeps by the male

characters, and the elytra comparatively longer than in

Halobrectha ; to H. Halobrectha by its punctuation, which

is more sparing and shallow, but rather coarser than in

puncticeps. The antenne have the penultimate joints

not so broad in proportion to their length as in puneticeps

and Halobrectha. The apex of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is truncate and narrow, the

truncate part 1s, however, not quite straight, but ob-

scurely produced in the middle.

I have seen four specimens of this fine species, all, I

believe, taken in the Isle of Wight. They are none of

them in good condition, so that I have not given a de-

tailed description of minor points, but I have no doubt

they will prove a good and distinct species. These speci-

mens agree entirely among themselves, except that one

of them is rather darker than the others.

Group VII. Head finely punctured, or nearly impunc-

tate. (Species 39—54).

This group is an entirely artificial one, containing a

number of very discrepant species. Its subdivision into

five or six others would, however, scarcely simplify

matters. H. occulta and its allies are found in fungi and

vegetable refuse ; wquata and linearis are bark or wood

Species ; incana and nigella are confined to large marshes,

British Species of Homalota. 143

where they occur amongst reeds; debilis and angustula

are damp moss species ; and the very peculiar H. cesula

occurs only in very dry, sandy places. H. subglabra

might, perhaps, be quite as correctly placed near H.

palustris.

39. Homalota occulta.

Linearis, subdepressa, antice subopaca, sculptura sub-

tiliore, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; an-

tennis apicem versus vix incrassatis ; thorace transversim

subquadrato, basin versus vix angustato; elytris aluta-

ceis; abdomine nitidulo, basi parce punctato, apice fere

levigato. Long. 14-13 lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° crassiore, abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali, lateribus et apice, reflexo-marginato,

apice late obsolete emarginato.

_ H. occulta, Er. Kaf. Brand. i. 817; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 83; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 233; Bessobia occulta,

Th. Sk. Col. i. 43.

Antenne entirely black, moderately stout, but scarcely

thickened towards the apex; first joimt stout and rather

long, two and three of about equal length; four to ten

differme but little m length, seven to ten not quite so

long as broad; eleventh joint about half as long again as

the tenth. Head smaller than the thorax, dull, its sculp-

ture very indistinct, with a shallow impression on the

disc, more evident in the male than im the female. The

thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about a third

broader than long, slightly narrowed behind, its sculpture

fine, not very dense, with a not very distinct impression

in the front of the base in the middle. Elytra about one-

third longer than the thorax, of a peculiar dull pitchy-

testaceous colour, alutaceous, punctuation or sculpture

being scarcely visible. Abdomen black and shining,

segments two to four sparingly punctured, five and six

almost impunctate. Legs pitchy-testaceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antenne is much

stouter than in the female, and the impression on the

middle of the head is more evident. The dorsal plate of

the seventh abdominal segment has the sides very dis-

tinctly raised, the apical margin also raised, but not so

distinctly as the sides, the apex itself is broadly, but

very indistinctly, emarginate.

144 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the female, both the upper and under plates of the

seventh segment are simple, and with the hind margm

broadly rounded.

I have seen only two specimens, ¢ and 9, that I can

certainly refer to this species; most of the specimens

representing it in our collections belong to the next

species ; a male specimen of H. occulta, sent by Kraatz

to the British Museum, agrees altogether with these two.

40. Homalota fungivora.

Linearis, subdepressa, nigra, elytris obscure fuscis,

pedibus fusco-testaceis ; sculptura subtiliore ; antennis

apicem versus paulo incrassatis; thorace transversim

subquadrato, basin versus subangustato; abdomine supra

basi parce punctato, apice fere levigato. Long. 14-13

lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° incrassato, capite late im-

presso, abdomine segmento 7° dorsali lateribus eviden-

ter elevatis, apice rotundato truncato, mimus evidenter

incrassato.

Bessobia fungivora, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 260.

This species is extremely closely allied to H. occulta,

and is, perhaps, not really distinct from it. H. fungivora is

smaller, has joints four to six of the antenne narrower in

proportion to the following ones, so that the antennz

appear more thickened towards the extremity than in

H. occulta ; the impression on the front of the head is

broader and larger, the thorax appears a little less trans-

verse, and more narrowed behind, and the posterior

margin of the seventh segment in the male is not broadly

emarginate, but is nearly straight, and shows sometimes,

in the middle, traces of a very minute notch; its upper

surface also generally bears a broad, indistinct, longitu-

dinal channel. These characters, however, all appear to

vary somewhat, and, as I have said above, H. fungivora

may ultimately prove to be a variety of H. occulta. I

have not, however, seen a sufficient series of the larger

species to enable me to express a positive opinion.

H. fungivora is pretty generally distributed over the

country, but is not common ; it is found in fungi, especially

when growing on the stumps of trees, in autumn.

Obs.—Mr. Crotch has submitted to me a specimen of

Hl. fungivora forwarded to him by Herr Thomson ; this

agrees altogether with my British specimens.

British Species of Homalota. 145

41, Homalota picipes.

Nigra, antice alutacea, antennis elytrisque nigro-piceis,

pedibus fusco-testaceis ; antennis sat crassis, apicem ver-

sus Vix incrassatis ; thorace transversim subquadrato, basin

versus haud angustato, postice foveolato; elytris hoc ter-

tia parte longioribus ; abdomine basi parce punctato, apice

fere levigato. Long. 1} lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° incrassato, abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali, apice medio, late, fere triangulariter,

emarginato, margine posteriore subtiliter incrassato, ven-

trali, paulo producto, apice rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali, apice medio tri-

angulariter exciso, ventrali, apice obtuse acuminato.

H. picipes, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 99; Athe-

ta picipes, Sk. Col. in, 81. H. fusco-femorata, Wat. Cat.

Flat, but not very depressed, shorter, broader, and

comparatively rather more robust, than H. fungivora.

The antenne are short and stout, about the length of the

head and thorax, scarcely thickened towards the apex;

pitchy-black, obscurely paler at the base; first joint stout,

second and third short, of about equal length, fourth a

little more slender than the fifth, its length about equal

to its breadth, five to ten differing but little in length and

breadth, each one distinctly transverse; eleventh joint

nearly as long as the two preceding. Head rather broad

and short, narrower than the thorax, dullish; flat above,

broadly impressed in the male, very obscurely in the

female. Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, fully

one-third broader than long, not narrowed ‘behind, with

an impression or short channel in the middle in front of

the base, in the male with a broad impression, its sculp-

ture alutaceous, fine and pretty dense. The elytra are

quadrate, about a fourth longer than the thorax, aluta-

ceous, the sculpture pretty dense and distinct. The ab-

domen is black and shining, sometimes brownish at the

apex; the basal segments sparingly punctured, the fifth

and sixth almost impunctate. The legs are pitchy-tes-

taceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antennz is thickened,

the head and thorax are distinctly impressed; the upper

plate of the seventh abdominal segment has its posterior

margin a little thickened, and emarginate in the middle,

146 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

the lobe formed by each side of the emargination gently

rounded ; the under plate of the same segment 1s more

produced than in the female, and its posterior margin 1s

gently rounded.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen has the apex with a distinct triangular

notch in the middle; the posterior margin of the under

plate is not rounded, but a little acuminate in the middle.

Thave found this species only in Scotland; Edinburgh,

Rannoch, Strath Cannich.

Obs.—This species has the structure of the antennz

very much like that of H. fungicola and its allies, but it

is certainly in its place here, in the neighbourhood of

fungivora and excellens. Two specimens (¢ and ?) of

H. picipes sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree

entirely with my specimens.

42. Homalota excellens.

Nigra, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus fuscis; thorace

transversim subquadrato; abdomine basi parce punctato,

apice levigato. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio tri-

angulariter exciso, margine posteriore subtiliter incrassato,

ante apicem tuberculis 6, hneam curvatam transversam

formantibus, instructo.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio leyvi-

ter emarginato.

H., excellens, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 235; Wat. Cat.

Antenne rather short, black, distinctly but not greatly

thickened towards the apex, second and third joints rather

short, the third not quite so long as the second, four to

ten each distinctly broader than its predecessor, seven to

ten distinctly transverse; eleventh joimt about half as

long again as the tenth. Head considerably narrower

than the thorax, black, rather dull, its punctuation indis-

tinct, with an impression in the middle, more distinct in

the male than in the female. Thorax narrower than the

elytra, fully one-third broader than long, a little narrow-

ed behind, the disc flattened, sometimes with a large im-

pression, sometimes with a fovea in front of the base in

the middle, from which proceeds a channel; its sculpture

and pubescence moderately fine and not dense. The ab-

British Species of Homalota. 147

domen is shining black; the basal segments sparingly

punctured, the apical ones still more so, nearly impunc-

tate. Legs pitchy-testaceous; tibiz and tarsi a little

paler than the femora.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-

men is furnished, before the apex, with a curved trans-

verse row of irregular tubercles, six in number, three on

each side; the outside one starts from the external apical

angle of the segment, joins a second more elevated one,

while more in the middle is a third smaller and more in-

distinct one; the posterior margin of the same segment

has in the middle a triangular notch, neither very wide

nor very deep, and the hind margin is a little thickened.

In the female, the apical margin of the dorsal plate of

the seventh segment is a little emarginate in the middle,

but not deeply so.

This species is rare, but I have found it in several

localities in Scotland. Rannoch, Arran, Strath Cannich,

Thornhill.

Obs.—Compared with H. fungivora, H. excellensis found

to be comparatively broader and less elongate, rather

more shining, of a darker, blacker colour, with shorter,

broader elytra, &c. Itis more closely allied to H. mon-

ticola, and is distinguished from that species by its darker

coloured elytra, less shining surface, and less delicate punc-

tuation and pubescence. The males of the two species

are to be distinguished at once by the remarkable abdom-

inal characters, but the distinction of the females is by

no means easy. A specimen of H. excellens sent by

Kraatz to the British Museum agrees with my specimens.

43. Homalota monticola.

Nitidula, subtiliter punctata, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedi-

bus fusco-testaceis ; thorace transversim convexiusculo,

latitudine fere dimidio breviore; abdomine basi parce

punctato, apice levigato. Long. 14 ln.

Mas; capite medio thoraceque ante basin distincte

impressis ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali pliculis 4 in-

structo, apice profunde triangulariter exciso, et cum

lateribus reflexo-marginato.

Fem.; segmento 7° dorsali medio leviter emarginato.

148 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

H. monticola, Th. Ofvy. Vet. Ac. Férh. 1852, p. 143;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 234; Wat. Cat.; Bessobia monticola,

Th. Sk. Col. in. 43.

Antenne black, rather short and stout, thickened to-

wards the apex, joints two and three of nearly equal

length, four to ten each one broader than the preceding,

from the fifth onwards distinctly transverse; eleventh

jomt pointed, rather short, half as long again as the tenth.

The head is rather broad, narrower than the thorax, mo-

derately shining, finely and sparingly punctured; in the

male with a broad impression, in the female with a chan-

nel. Thorax narrower than the elytra, transversely con-

vex, more than a third broader than long; the sides

gently rounded, scarcely narrowed behind, finely and not

densely punctured ; in the male with a broad impression

in front of the base in the middle, in the female with an

indistinct one ; sometimes also with an obsolete longitu-

dinal channel. The elytra are one-third longer than the

thorax, of a brownish colour, moderately shining, their

sculpture and pubescence fine. The abdomen is shining

black, at the base very sparingly punctured, at the apex

impunctate. The legs are pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the head and thorax are more impressed

than in the female, the seventh dorsal segment of the ab-

domen has the apex in the middle deeply triangularly

emarginate, the sides have a very distinct raised margin,

the apical margin is also raised, but less distinctly than

the sides, and is furnished with four raised longitudinal

folds; of these, the two inner are parallel to one an-

other, the two outer converging towards the apex.

In the female, the posterior margin of the seventh dor-

sal segment is a little emarginate in the middle.

Rare. I have found it at Croydon, on Purley Downs,

and near Thornhill in Dumfries-shire.

The male appears to be quite as common as the female,

and the remarkable structure of the seventh segment of

its abdomen should prevent its being mistaken for any

other species.

Obs.—Two specimens (¢ and ?) of H. monticola sent

by Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my spe-

cimens.

British Species of Homalota. 149

44, Homalota subglabra.

Nitidula, nigra, elytris pedibusque piceo-testaceis, sub-

tiliter haud confertim punctata, subtiliter pubescens;

antennis apicem versus leviter incrassatis, articulis 7-10

transversis ; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine

basi parce obsolete punctato, apice levigato. Long.

14 lin.

Mas ; structura abdominali femina yix distinguitur.

Rather broader than H. palustris, more robustly built,

and more shining. The antenne are black, stout in pro-

portion to the size of the insect, but little longer than

the head and thorax, distinctly but not greatly thickened

towards the apex; the basal three joints rather slender

and elongate, the second longer than the third ; from the

fourth to the tenth, each joimt is distinctly broader than

its predecessor, seven to ten transverse ; eleventh joint

gently poimted, moderately long, about twice the length

of the tenth. Head black and shining, narrower than

the thorax, a little narrower behind the eyes, which are

rather prominent, finely pubescent, and almost impunc-

tate. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, fully one-

third broader than long, the anterior angles gently

rounded, the sides nearly straight, not narrowed behind,

its punctuation extremely fine and not dense, without

channel or fovea. EHlytra dusky-testaceous, darker to-

wards the base and angles, half as long again as the

thorax, shining, the sculpture finely alutaceous. The

abdomen is black and shining, the basal segments spar-

ingly and not distinctly punctured, the apical ones

impunctate. The legs are of a pitchy-testaceous colour.

The male is scarcely to be distinguished from the

female, except by the fact that the upper and under

plates of the seventh segment of the abdomen are nar-

rower than in the female.

This species is rare, and found only among the Scotch

mountains. Rannoch, Strath Cannich, Arran, Thorn-

hill.

Obs.—A specimen of this species, sent by Mr. Crotch

to Herr Thomson, was returned by him with a label

attached, marked ‘‘ wmbonate affinis.”? I think, however,

it is better placed near monticola, from which it is distin-

guished by its much smaller size, finer punctuation, and

absence of marked male characters.

150 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

45. Homalota incana.

Sat depressa, subopaca, nigra, antennis basi testaceis,

apice pedibusque fuscis, harum genubus tarsisque dilu-

tioribus, confertim fortiter punctata ; thorace transversim

subquadrato, elytris angustiore ; abdomine crebre fortiter

punctato, apice granulato. Long. 13 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 5° supra subtiliter, 6° et

7° fortiter granulatis, hujus apice extremo levigato.

S gue ap cof

Fem.; abdomine segmentis 5 et 6 obsolete vix evi-

denter granulatis.

H. incana, Hr. Kiaf. Brand. i. 329; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 109; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 236; Wat. Cat.; Ali-

anta incana, Th. Sk. Col. m. 44.

A peculiar, dull species. The antennz are testaceous

at the base, more or less darkened towards the apex,

short, about the length of the head and thorax, thickened

towards the apex; first jomt longer than the second or

third, three a little shorter and narrower than two ; four

about as long as broad; from this to the tenth, each

joint is broader than the foregoing one, seven to ten dis-

tinctly transverse; the eleventh joint about twice as long

as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the thorax,

duil, sometimes with an impression in the middle ; its

punctuation pretty close, but mdistinct. Thorax con-

siderably narrower than the elytra, nearly a third broader

than long, a little narrowed behind, dull, its punctuation

indistinct, sometimes with an impression or channel in

the middle in front of the scutellum. The elytra are

nearly one-half longer than the thorax, the sculpture

dense and distinct, consisting of small numerous granu-

lations. The basal segments of the abdomen are closely

and distinctly punctured, from the fourth segment to

the seventh the sculpture consists of distinct fine granu-

lations, the fourth less distinctly granulate than the

following ones. ‘The legs are pitchy, the tarsi and knees

indistinctly paler than the other parts; the posterior

tarsi are stout, and rather short.

In the male, the fourth to sixth segments of the abdo-

men are moderately shining, the extreme apex of the

seventh segment is quite smooth and shining, in front

of this shining space is a row of four large indistinct

British Species of Homalota. 151

tubercles, and the space in front of these is thickly

studded with granulations ; the granulations of the fifth

and sixth segments are also very distinct; sometimes

also the posterior margin of the seventh segment has a

very small notch in the middle.

In the female, the apical sezments of the abdomen are

not more shining than the basal ones, the granulations

on the fifth and sixth segments are indistinct; the

extreme edge of the seventh segment is less shming than

in the male, and the four elevations in front of this

space are smaller, and more separated from one another ;

the outside one on each side being a sort of raised

line connected with the outer angle.

This peculiar species is found in large marshes, and

lives in the axils of the leaves of water plants, but is to

be found also amongst moss and rubbish at the edges of

pools. Hammersmith Marshes and the Fen districts.

46. Homalota nigella.

Linearis, angusta, antice opaca; thorace subquadrato,

basin versus angustato, dorso late longitudinaliter im-

presso; elytris hoc paulo latioribus et longioribus ; ab-

domine segmentis 2-4 crebre distincte punctatis, 5°

magis sparsim punctato. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° supra sat distincte

granulato, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo.

H. nigella, Er. Kif. Brand. i. 323; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 92; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 287; Wat. Cat. 2.

immersa, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 1389. Dinarcea

punctiventris, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 292.

Alhed both to the preceding and following species,

but smaller than either. The head and thorax duil, the

elytra and abdomen more shining. The antennez are

thickened towards the apex, about as long as the head and

thorax, testaveous at the base, infuscate towards the

apex ; the first joint nearly as long as the second and

third, three a little shorter and more slender than two ;

four to ten each a little broader than its predecessor,

six to ten distinctly transverse; eleventh not quite twice

as long as the tenth. The head is but little narrower

than the thorax, dull, flat, broadly and indistinctly im-

pressed in the male, the sculpture dense, but indistinct.

152° - Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, its length but

little less than its breadth, narrowed behind, but not

greatly so; dull, with a broad central longitudinal im-

pression, sculpture indistinct. The elytra are not a third

longer than the thorax, rather more shining than it,

sculpture dense and distinct, consisting of minute granu-

lations. The abdomen is moderately shining, segments

two to four are closely and distinctly punctured, fifth

segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunc-

tate, but with granulations in the male. The thighs are

pitchy, the tibiz and tarsi pitchy-testaceous; posterior

tarsi short and stout.

In the male, the sixth seement is sprinkled above with

granulations, not very conspicuously, however; the

seventh segment has the hind margin furnished with four

small projecting tubercles, the middle ones more dis-

tinct than the lateral.

In the female, the sixth and seventh segments are

simple above.

Found in marshy places, in company with H. incana ;

Horning, Hammersmith, &e.

47. Homalota cequata.

Antice opaca, nigra, antennis fuscis, basi pedibusque

testaceis, elytris brunneis; thorace subquadrato, late

longitudinaliter impresso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre

punctatis, 5° magis sparsim punctato, 6° fere levigato.

Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 5° dorsali medio granulis

elevatis duobus, 6° granulis octo, 7° apice denticulis 4

instructo.

H. cequata, Er. Kaf. Brand. 1. 323; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 92; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 238; Wat. Cat.; Di-

narea equata, Th. Sk. Col. 1. 290.

Antenne rather stout, about as long as the head and

thorax, testaceous at the base, pitchy towards the apex ;

first joint stout, moderately long, three a little longer

than two; four to ten each a little broader than its pre-

decessor, five to ten each broader than long ; eleventh

joint quite twice as long as the tenth. Palpi yellow.

Head but little narrower than the thorax, flat, quite dull,

the front depressed in the male, sculpture indistinct.

British Species of Homalota. 153

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, nearly as long

as broad, somewhat narrowed behind, quite dull, with

a broad central longitudinal impression in the middle,

with a fine channel, sometimes very indistinct ; sculpture

indistinct. The elytra are brownish, a little longer than

the thorax, and not quite so dull as it, punctuation fine

and dense. The abdomen is black, shining towards the

apex, the posterior edges of the segments obscurely

brown ; segments two to four closely and distinctly

punctured, fifth more sparingly punctured, sixth almost

_ impunctate. Legs yellow, posterior tarsi moderately

long.

In the male, the front of the head has a distinct broad

impression, and the longitudinal impression on the thorax

is more distinct than in the female ; the fifth segment of

the abdomen has, on the upper side, two small raised

eranulations; the sixth segment has two transverse

rows of short raised longitudinal lines, four in each

row; those in the hind row closer to one another than

those in the front row. The sixth segment has the pos-

terior margin furnished with four small sharp projecting

teeth, the outside ones being indistinct.

Not common; found in the bark of oak stumps in

England.

Obs.—This species cannot easily be mistaken for any

other, if the very dull head and thorax, the brownish

elytra, and the yellow legs, be noted.

48. Homalota angustula.

Linearis, sat depressa, dense subtiliter punctata, capite

abdomineque nigris, antennarum basi pedibusque testa-

ceis ; thorace subquadrato, canaliculato ; elytris lete rufo-

testaceis, thorace vix longioribus; abdomine segmentis

2-5 dense subtiliter punctatis, 6° parcius punctato. Long.

13-12 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° supra granulis elevatis

asperato, 7° ante apicem granulis elevatis 4, apice ipso

medio denticulis duobus subprominulis, utrinque denti-

culis duobus obsoletis.

Aleochara angustula, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 393; H. an-

gustula, Kr. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 91; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.

1. 238; Wat. Cat.; Dinarceea angustula, Th. Sk. Col. u.

290.

154 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

A rather flat, parallel species, with very bright colour-

ed elytra. Antenne moderately long and stout, gently

thickened towards the apex, the two or three basal joints

reddish-yellow, the rest pitchy; jomts two and three

moderately long and stout, of about equal length, four

and five nearly equal to one another, each longer than

broad, six about as long as broad, seven to ten a little

transverse; eleventh joint about twice as long as the

tenth. Palpi obscurely testaceous. Head a little nar-

rower than the thorax, dull; the upper surface not con-

vex, deeply impressed in the male, its sculpture fine, close

and indistinct. Thorax variable in colour, black, reddish

or yellow; scarcely narrower than the elytra, but little

broader than long, very little narrowed behind, very fine-

ly and densely punctured, with a distinct central longitu-

dinal channel. The elytra are but little longer than the

thorax, reddish-yellow, shghtly obscured about the scu-

tellum, very thickly and finely punctured. The abdomen

is black, and, with the exception of the sixth segment,

dull, segments two to five are densely and finely punc-

tured, sixth segment rather sparingly punctured. Legs

yellow.

In the male, the sixth segment of the abdomen has on

the upper surface ten or twelve small elevations, irregu-

larly placed ; the seventh segment is furnished before the

apex with a row of four short raised lines, and the hind

margin itself has in the middle two other lines projecting

a little beyond the margin, and on each side of these are

one or two similar, but much smaller, and more indistinct

lines.

Found in damp places both in England and Scotland,

but not common.

Obs.—The brightly coloured elytra and legs, together

with the flat parallel form, and the close and fine punc-

tuation of this species, should prevent its being confound-

ed with any other of the genus.

49. Homalota linearis.

Subnitida, nigra, antennis basi testaceis, apicem versus

infuscatis, elytris brunneis, pedibus anoque testaceis; ca-

pite canaliculato; thorace subquadrato, canaliculato ; ely-

tris hoc paulo longioribus, evidenter, sat crebre, punc-

tatis; abdomine basi vix crebre punctato, apice fere leeyvi-

gato. Long. 1} lin.

British Species of Homalota. 15

Mas; fronte antice late impressa.

Aleochara linearis, Grav. Micr. 69; H. linearis, Hr. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 91; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 240; Wat. Cat.;

Dinareea linearis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 291.

A good deal like H. cequata, but much more shining,

with more sparingly punctured abdomen, &c. -Antennz

moderately stout, a little thickened towards the apex,

furnished distinctly with projecting hairs, the basal three

joints yellow, the others dirty yellow; first jomt stout,

two and three of nearly equal length, fourth joimt not so

broad as the fifth, six to ten each broader than long ;

eleventh about half as long again as the tenth. Head a

little narrower than the thorax, not very shining, flat

above, with a longitudinal impression on the middle; in

the male, with a broad shallow impression between the

eyes; rather sparingly and not distinctly punctured.

Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, about one-

fourth broader than long, slightly narrowed behind,

moderately shining, pretty densely and finely punctate,

with a broad and distinct longitudinal channel. Elytra

a little longer than the thorax, brown, punctuation more

evident than on the head and thorax. Abdomen with

segments two to four rather sparingly and finely punc-

tured, five and six almost impunctate and shining, apex

obscurely testaceous. Legs yellow.

~ It is not easy to distinguish the male from the female

by the structure of the abdomen ; but, in the former sex,

the front of the head is broadly impressed.

Generally distributed in England and Scotland: found

under bark of dead trees, and in moss in woods.

50. Homalota pilicornis.

Subdepressa, nitidula, antennis verticillato-pilosis, ni-

era, antennarum basi pedibus anoque rufo-testaceis, ely-

tris brunneis; thorace transversim subquadrato; abdo-

mine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,

5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore

incrassato, obsoletissime crenulato; ventrali apice ro-

tundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice late obsolete

emarginato, angulis externis acutis; ventrali apice medio

emarginato.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—parT Il. (MAY) N

156 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

H. pilicornis, Th. Ofy. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 142;

Atheta pilicornis, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 82. H. pilosa, Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 241; Wat. Cat.

A species not much resembling the preceding ones;

somewhat like a broad flat H. elongatula, but readily dis-

tinguished by the antenne being furnished with long pro-

jecting hairs, more distinctly than is usual im the genus.

The antenne are moderately stout, gently thickened to-

wards the apex, the basal three joints rather elongate,

lighter in colour than the following ones; joint three

longer than two, four to ten each a little broader than its

predecessor, four to six about as long as broad, seven to

ten transverse; eleventh joint about half as long again as

the tenth. Head rather broad and short, narrower than the

thorax, somewhat narrowed behind, rather shining, finely

and sparingly punctured, sometimes with an impression

or channel on the disc. Thorax a little narrower than

the elytra, rather flat, more than one-third broader than

long, a little narrowed behind, finely and not densely

punctured. The elytra are rather longer than the thorax,

brownish, not densely but distinctly punctured, and fine-

ly alutaceous. The abdomen is black and shining, red-

dish-yellow at the extremity, segments two to four finely

and not densely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly

punctured, sixth almost impunctate ; the sides and apex

distinctly furnished with long exserted hairs. Legs clear

yellow.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal

segment has the apex truncate, but with the posterior

margin not quite straight; this margin is distinctly

thickened, and indistinctly crenulate. The under plate

of the seventh segment has the hind margin gently

rounded.

In the female, the seventh segment above has the

posterior margin broadly but shallowly emarginate, and

terminates on each side in a small sharp projection ; on

the under side the same segment has the posterior mar-

gin emarginate, and furnished densely with short parallel

cilia.

Rare. Rannoch; and Hampstead, near London.

Obs.—This speciesis, I think, best placed here; though,

in some respects, it 1s allied to H. wanthoptera.

British Species of Homalota. 157

51. Homalota debilis.

Linearis, subdepressa, nigro-fusca, antennis ore pedi-

bus anoque testaceis, elytris fusco-testaceis; thorace sub-

quadrato, basin versus leviter angustato; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce

punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long 13 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem

versus haud angustato.

H, debilis, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 321; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

94; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 243; Wat. Cat.; Atheta debilis,

Th. Sk. Col. 11. 72.

Allied to H. elongatula, but smaller and more slender,

with broader head, and stouter antenne; brighter

coloured, and with the thorax more narrowed behind, &c.

Antenne yellow, rather longer than the head and thorax,

a little thickened towards the apex ; jomts one to three

moderately long, three scarcely so long as two, four to

ten each a little stouter than the preceding one, four and

five rather slender, six about as long as broad, seven to

ten each broader than long; eleventh joint rounded.

Mandibles and palpi yellow. Head rather short and

broad, but little narrower than the thorax, finely and in-

distinctly punctured. The thorax is scarcely narrower

than the elytra, gently but distinctly narrowed behind,

about one-fourth broader than long, finely and closely

punctured, with an indistinct longitudinal channel. Hly-

tra a third longer than the thorax, of a brownish or

yellowish colour, finely and pretty densely punctured.

The abdomen is black, with the extremity yellow; seg-

ments two to four finely and moderately closely punc-

tured, fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth almost

impunctate. Legs clear yellow.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is produced considerably beyond the

upper plate; its sides are parallel, so that it is not nar-

rowed towards the apex, which is truncate, with the

angles rounded.

In marshy places in England and Scotland, but not

common.

52. Homalota fallaciosa.

Nigro-fusea, antennis ore anoque obscure testaceis,

pedibus testaceis, elytris fuscis; capite thorace angustiore,

N 2

158 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

suborbiculato, medio canalicula breyi impresso; thorace

transversim subquadrato, basin versus vix angustato; ely-

tris thorace paulo longioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis

2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato,

6° fere levigato. Long. 14 hn.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem

versus angustato, apice rotundato.

Alhed to H. debilis, but less depressed, more robust,

neither so shining nor so brightly coloured, with nar-

rower more orbiculate head, shorter elytra, different ab-

dominal structure in themale, &c. Antenna little longer

than the head and thorax, obscure testaceous, the basal

joints testaceous; a little thickened towards the apex;

joints one to three moderately long, three not so long as

two, four to ten each slightly broader than its predecessor,

four to six about as long as broad, seven to ten scarcely

so long as broad; eleventh joint short, scarcely half as

long again as the tenth. Mandibles and palpi obscure

yellow. Head considerably narrower than the thorax,

a little narrowed in front, with a distinct short channel

on the disc, finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax a

little narrower than the elytra, quite one-third broader

than long, transversely convex, but little narrowed be-

hind, with a scarcely visible impression in front of the

base in the middle, finely and closely punctured. Hlytra

scarcely one-fourth longer than the thorax, broader than

long, thickly and finely punctured, brownish or pitchy-

brown. Abdomen black, with the apex yellowish, seg-

ments two to four moderately closely and finely punc-

tured, fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth nearly

Impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the channel on the head is more distinct,

the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal segment is

distinctly produced beyond the dorsal plate, and it is

narrowed towards the hind margin, which is rounded.

Rare. I have found it only in Scotland; Rannoch,

and Thornhill.

Obs.—This species resembles some of the varieties of

H. volans, but is readily distinguished by its shorter and

stouter antennz, with transverse penultimate joints. It

also somewhat resembles H. Aubei, Bris., and is distin-

guished by its shorter antenne, less punctured abdomen,

&c. Its place is.certainly next H. debilis.

British Species of Homalota. 159

53. Homalota deformis.

Linearis, depressa, confertim subtiliter punctata,

picea, thorace elytrisque fusco-testaceis, antennis ano

pedibusque testaceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato,

basin versus angustato; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4

subtiliter haud confertim punctatis, 5° parcius punctato,

6° fere levigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° apice rotundato.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° apice medio obsolete

emarginato.

H. deformis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 244.

An immature looking species, like H. debilis, but much

smaller and paler. Antenne pale testaceous, stout for

the size of the insect, thickened towards the apex ; joint

three not so long as two, seven to ten distinctly trans-

verse. Head a little narrower than the thorax, finely

and indistinctly punctured ; thorax nearly as broad as

the elytra, about one-third broader than long, a little

narrowed behind, thickly and finely punctured, with a

shallow, broad, longitudinal channel down the middle.

Elytra about a fourth longer than the thorax, thickly and

finely punctured. Abdomen with segments two to four

finely and not densely punctured, fifth segment sparingly

punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs pale yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is gently rounded, while in

the female it is widely but indistinctly emarginate in the

middle. —

. Rare: in the collections of Mr. Waterhouse, Dr. Power,

and Mr. Crotch.

Obs.—The small size and stout antenne, parallel and

depressed form, and the apparently immature colouring,

should prevent this species being mistaken for any other

of the genus.

54, Homalota cesula.

- Nigro-fusca, nitidula, elytris antennisque fuscis, pedi-

bus testaceis, subtiliter punctata; thorace subquadrato ;

elytris hoc brevioribus; abdomine supra basi obsolete

punctato, apice levigato. Long. 2 lin.

_ Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apice

fere truncato.

160 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

H. cesula, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 97; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 328; Wat. Cat. Sipalia brachyptera, Th.

Sk. Col. i. 105.

The small size and short elytra of this species distin-

guish it from all others. It is pitchy-black, with the

elytra a little paler. The antenne are pitchy or obscurely

testaceous, a little thickened towards the apex; joint

three shorter than two, six to ten transverse ; eleventh

joint rather large, nearly twice as long as the tenth.

Head shining, almost impunctate, but little narrower

than the thorax, narrowed towards the front. Thorax

almost wider than the elytra, about a fourth broader than

long, scarcely narrowed behind, very finely and rather

sparingly punctured. LElytra shorter than the thorax,

and rather more distinctly punctured. Abdomen shining,

a little narrowed at the base, segments two to four spar-

ingly and very obsoletely punctured, sixth and seventh

impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is very distinctly produced, its apex

truncate, with the angles rounded ; in this sex also there

is sometimes to be seen an indistinct, broad, longitudinal

impression on the thorax.

Very local. At the roots of grass in sandy places.

Deal, Thetford.

Section C.

Group VIII. Conver, or but little depressed species.

(Species 55—59).

The species of this group are all peculiar, and by no

means closely allied. H. circellaris is found everywhere,

among moss, &c. The other species are all so rare that

I can give no sufficient information as to their habits.

55. Homalota circellaris.

Rufescens, abdomine piceo, antennis pedibusque tes-

taceis ; capite ovato, thorace subquadrato, elytris hoc

brevioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter

crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 1} ln.

Mas ; elytris basi utrinque prope suturam tuberculatis ;

abdomine segmento 6° supra, medio ante apicem, tuber-

British Species of Homalota, 161

culo elongato elevato, segmento 7° apice medio obsolete

bituberculato.

Aleochara circellaris, Gravy. Mon. 155; H. circellaris,

Hr. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 98; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 326 ;

Wat. Cat.; Geostiba circellaris, Th. Sk. Col. m1. 104.

A very abundant and well-known species. Reddish-

yellow, or reddish-brown, with the abdomen darker.

Antenne yellow, stout, thickened towards the apex ; first

joint not much longer, but stouter than the second, three

nearly as long as two, four to ten each distinctly stouter

than its predecessor, four and five each about as long as

broad, six to ten transverse, the tenth strongly so;

eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding. Head

rather long and narrow, ovate, a little narrowed towards

the front, narrower than the thorax, almost impunctate.

Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, its length

almost greater than its breadth, very slightly narrowed

behind, the base not truncate, but a little produced in

front of the scutellum, very finely and closely punctured,

with a slight impression in front of the scutellum. EHlytra

shorter than the thorax, closely and rather strongly

punctured. Abdomen pitchy, the base and apex paler,

segments two to four finely and moderately thickly punc-

tured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, each elytron is furnished at the base, near

the suture, with a distinct elevation. The upper surface

of the sixth segment of the abdomen is provided, before

the apex in the middle, with a raised linear tubercle, and

the hind margin of the seventh segment is indistinctly

bituberculate in the middle.

Very abundant everywhere.

Obs.—The narrow form, reddish colour stout antenne,

and short elytra, are characters of themselves sufficient

to distinguish this anomalous, but vulgar species, from

all others.

56. Homalota elegantula.

Subdepressa, nitidula, piceo-rufa, capite abdomineque

cingulo piceis, elytris pedibus anoque rufo-testaceis ;

antennis articulis fortiter transversis; capite thoraceque

parce fortiter punctatis, hoc canaliculato; elytris aluta-

ceis; abdomine fere levigato. Long. 13 lin.

162 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Mas; latet.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali, apice medio,

late obsolete emarginato.

H. elegantula, Brisout, Cat. Grenier, Mat. p. 24.

A remarkable and very distinct species ; flat, and mo-

derately broad, of a reddish-yellow colour, with the head

and abdomen more or less pitchy. Antenne reddish-

yellow, stout, much thickened towards the apex; first

joint rather long and stout, second considerably longer

than the third, four to ten short and broad, each one

broader than long, the tenth twice as broad as long;

eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding to-

gether; they are furnished throughout their length with

rather long projecting hairs. Head rather elongate, with

the sides parallel, narrower than the thorax, pitchy, with

the mandibles and palpi reddish-yellow, distinctly and

strongly, but not closely punctured, with a channel or

impression on the middle of the upper side. Thorax

reddish-yellow, more or less suffused with a darker colour,

about as long as broad, slightly narrowed behind, rather

coarsely and moderately densely punctured, alutaceous

between the punctures, with a distinct central longitudi-

nal channel. LElytra reddish-yellow, fully one-third long-

er than the thorax, alutaceous, but scarcely punctured,

with a moderately long and rather sparing pubescence.

Abdomen almost impunctate, but with the segments

sparingly furnished with distinct hairs ; reddish-yellow,

more or less pitchy in the middle. Legs yellow.

I am unable to distinguish satisfactorily the male of

this species: but in one specimen, which I have no

doubt is a female, the ventral plate of the seventh seg-

ment of the abdomen has the hind margin a little emar-

ginate in the middle.

I have seen but three or four specimens of this remark-

able species ; they were taken by Mr. Crotch at Monk’s

Wood.

Obs.—These specimens agree well with Brisout’s de-

scription of H. elegantula ; moreover, an example sent

by Mr. Crotch to M. Brisout, was returned with a label,

* elegantula, mihi,” attached. Its peculiar colour, broad

antenne, strongly punctured head and thorax, and

impunctate abdomen, should distinguish it from all

others. Its nearest ally is the following species.

British Species of Homalota. 163

57. Homalota rufo-testacea.

Rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque cingulo piceis ;

capite thorace elytrisque alutaceis, obsolete vix evidenter

punctatis; abdomine nitidulo, levigato. Long. 1} lin.

H. rufo-testacea, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 245. H. atrica-

pilla, Muls. Opusc. i. 21 (nec Bohem.); Alewonota atrica-

pilla, Th. Sk. Col. i. 53.

A brightly coloured, rather narrow species, with stout

antenne. These are entirely yellow, thickened towards

the apex; second joint distinctly longer than the third,

four to ten each strongly transverse, and each broader

than its predecessor; eleventh joint nearly as long as the

two preceding ones. Head pitchy, with the mandibles

and palpi yellow, narrow in proportion to its length, nar-

rower than the thorax, its sides nearly parallel, obsoletely

punctured. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, about

as broad as long, slightly narrowed behind, rather dull,

alutaceous, very obsoletely punctured, and with a fine and

not very distinct longitudinal channel. The elytra are

about a third longer than the thorax, alutaceous. The

abdomen is reddish-yellow, the fifth segment and base of

the sixth pitchy, shining and impunctate. Legs yellow.

I am unable to give any characters for the male of this

species; I have, indeed, seen but one British specimen,

which was taken at Mickleham, by Mr. Champion. Its

narrower and less depressed form, and indistinctly punc-

tured head and thorax, readily distinguish it from H.

elegantula.

58. Homalota splendens.

Linearis, sat convexa, nitidula, fere impunctata, picea,

capite nigro, elytris brunneo-testaceis, antennis ano pe-

dibusque testaceis; thorace subquadrato, elytris hoc pau-

lo longioribus. Long. 1} lin.

H. splendens, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 246.

A narrow, shining, delicately pubescent, and almost

impunctate species, with stout entirely yellow antenne.

These are thickened towards the apex, third joint nearly

as long as the second, four a little broader than three,

transverse and very short, four to ten each broader

164 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

than its predecessor, and distinctly transverse, penulti-

mate joints strongly transverse; eleventh joint large, as

long as the two preceding. Mandibles and palpi yellow.

Head black and shining, narrower than the thorax, rather

long in proportion to its width, moderately convex above,

without impression, impunctate, but with a slight pubes-

cence. Thorax quadrate, not quite so long as broad, the

sides nearly straight, scarcely perceptibly narrowed be-

hind, of a pitchy colour, almost impunctate, and with a

delicate pubescence. LHlytra about a fourth longer than

the thorax, yellowish or brownish in colour, not entirely

impunctate, but with the sculpture scarcely visible, pubes-

cence sparing. Abdomen pitchy in the middle, paler at

the apex, and with the fifth and sixth segments rather

darker than the preceding ones, shining and impunctate.

The three specimens of this species I have seen, are,

T think, all females; they have the posterior margins of

the upper and under plates of the seventh abdominal seg-

ment gently rounded.

Very rare. I have captured a specimen in the chalk-

pit at Charlton, in May, and it is also m Mr. Crotch’s

collection. These specimens accord with an example of

H. splendens sent by Kraatz to the British Museum.

59. Homalota cegra.

Nitidula, subtilissime pubescens, vix visibiliter punc-

tata, picea, capite abdomineque nigro-piceis, pedibus

piceo-testaceis; thorace transversim subquadrato, elytris

hoc longioribus. Long. vix | ln.

H. egra, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv.595; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.

i. 249; Wat. Cat.

A small, dark-coloured, shining, almost impunctate

species, with delicate but distinct pubescence. Antenne

pitchy in colour, moderately stout, a little thickened to-

wards the apex; joint three not so long as two, four

about as long as broad, five to ten transverse, the first of

them slightly so, the last. of them distinctly; eleventh

joint rather short and broad, not quite so long as the two

preceding together. Head black, with the mandibles and

palpi pitchy, a little narrower than the thorax, shining,

impunctate, and with a delicate pubescence. Thorax a

little narrower than the elytra, one-third broader than

British Species of Homalota. 165

long, but shghtly narrowed behind, impunctate, and with

a delicate pubescence. The elytraare about a third long-

er than the thorax, very obsoletely punctured. Abdo-

men pitchy-black, shining, almost impunctate, but with a

distinct pubescence. Legs dirty yellow.

In the male, the upper and under plates of the seventh

segment of the abdomen are narrower than in the female,

and the under one is a little more produced.

This species is rare, but I have found single specimens

in several localities. Brighton, Cambridge, Edinburgh,

London.

Obs.—This species is readily distinguished from H.

splendens by its smaller size, darker colour, slenderer an-

tenne, &c.; on account of its almost impunctate surface

it is readily distinguished from most others of the genus.

H. atomaria resembles it in this respect, but, to say no-

thing of other characters, is easily separated by its smaller

size. HH. luctuosa, Muls., is extremely closely allied to H.

egra, but I have not as yet seen a British example of it.

Group IX. Very flat species.

(Species 60—63).

The three species with whose habits I am acquainted

are all found under bark. H. eribriceps is a most remark-

able insect, about which I can give no information; its

colour is different from that of the other species, and

gives it some resemblance to H. boletobia.

60. Homalota immersa.

Depressa, nigra, antennarum basi tibusque testaceis,

femoribus piceis; capite transverso, postice truncato;

thorace subquadrato, basin versus angustato; abdomine

supra parce obsolete punctato. Long. + lin.

H. immersa, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 324; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 96; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 252; Wat. Cat. Dado-

bia planicollis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 287.

A very depressed species, readily known by the pecu-

har shape of its head. Antenne pitchy, with the first and

second joints yellow, but little thickened towards the

apex; joint one longer than two, three shorter and more

slender than two, scarcely half as long as the first, four to

166 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

ten differing but little in length and breadth, the first

three or four of them each about as long as broad, the

remainder slightly transverse; eleventh joimt oblong,

rather long, twice as long as the tenth. Head broad,

about as broad as the thorax, straight behind, the poster-

ior angles nearly right angles, flat, and dullish above,

punctuation indistinct and sparing. Thorax as long as

broad, narrower than the elytra, evidently narrowed be-

hind, flat above, sometimes even with the disc depressed,

rather dull, obsoletely and sparingly punctured. Elytra

a third longer than the thorax, longer than broad, indis-

tinctly and not densely punctured, the punctuation more

evident than on the head and thorax. Abdomen black,

a little narrowed at the base, punctuation sparing, and

scarcely visible. Thighs pitchy ; tibiee and tarsi testaceous.

I am unable satisfactorily to distinguish the males from

the females of this species.

Rather common in the North under the bark of fir trees ;

more rare in the South.

Obs.—A. specimen of H. immersa sent by Kraatz to the

British Museum is undoubtedly identical specifically with

our British ones; according to descriptions, however,

our specimens appear to be darker than Continental ones.

61. Homalota cribriceps.

Lata, subdepressa, nitidula, nigro-picea, antennarum

basi pedibusque testaceis, elytris luteis, angulis apicis

infuscatis ; capite postice crebre fortiter punctato ; tho-

race transverso, lateribus rotundatis, basin versus angus-

tato, crebre fortiter punctato, medioque late impresso ;

abdomine supra basi sat crebre, apice parce, punctato.

Long. 1} lin.

A most remarkable species, to be compared with no

other ; allied by the form of its head to H. plana ; broad,

flat, and shining, pitchy-black, with the base of the an-

tenn, the legs, and the elytra, except the apical angles,

yellow. The antennz are yellow at the base, ifuscate

outwards, rather short, stout, thickened towards the

apex ; third jomt quite as long as the second, fourth

nearly quadrate, much narrower than the fifth, fifth to

tenth strongly transverse; eleventh joint stout, as long

as the two preceding. Head nearly black, shining, nar-

British Species of Homalota. 167

rowed behind the eyes, which are very large and promi-

nent, very coarsely and closely punctured, but with a

smooth impunctate space im the front. Thorax nearly as

broad as the elytra, more than half as broad again as long,

pitchy-black, almost without pubescence, the sides much

rounded and considerably narrowed behind, the posterior

angles a little prominent, tho base not truncate, but pro-

duced in front of the scutellum, coarsely and closely

punctured, especially on the disc, where there is also a

broad distinct impression. Elytra pale testaceous, pitchy

at the external angles, one-third longer than the thorax,

indistinctly punctured. The abdomen is pitchy, paler

at the extremity, with very scanty pubescence ; the basal

segments moderately closely, the apical ones sparingly

punctured. Legs yellow. Tarsi formed as in H. plana,

but rather longer.

A single specimen (a female, I believe) of this very

remarkable species has been submitted to me by Mr.

Waterhouse, without any indication of locality. I could

well believe it to be an exotic species. From the struc-

ture of its antenne it might be placed in the neighbour-

hood of H. subterranea, but as it is allied to none of the

species of that group, and as the shape and punctuation

of its head show a distinct affinity with H. plana, I have

preferred placing it next that species.

62. Homalota plana.

Depressa, subopaca, nigra, elytris fuscis, antennis

femoribusque piceis, tibiis testaceis; capite confertim

distincte haud profunde punctato ; thorace transversim

subquadrato, basin versus leviter angustato; abdomine

supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,

5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 1} lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° medio ante apicem

tuberculo parvo, 7° lineis elevatis duabus instructo.

Aleochara plana, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 402. H. plana,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 93; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 250 ;

Th. Sk. Col. n. 285; Wat. Cat.

A flat, broad, and dull species. Antenne not quite

so long as the head and thorax, rather stout, pitchy ; first

joint about as long as the second and third together, three

nearly as long as two, four small, about as long as

168 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

broad, five considerably broader than four, five to ten

transverse ; eleventh joint rather short. Head large, but

little narrower than the thorax, a little rounded behind

the eyes, which are large and rather prominent, dull,

closely and distinctly though not deeply punctured.

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, about a fourth

broader than long, a little narrowed in front, and slightly

more so towards the base, with an indistinct longitudinal

channel along the middle, dull, obsoletely but closely

punctured. Hlytra of a lurid brownish colour, fully one-

third longer than the thorax, densely but extremely finely

punctured. Abdomen black (sometimes with the ex-

tremity pale), segments two and three finely and not

densely punctured, four rather more sparingly punctured,

five and six almost impunctate. Thighs pitchy, tibie and

tarsi testaceous.

In the male, the sixth segment of the abdomen is fur-

nished, on the upper side in the middle, before the pos-

terior margin, with a small raised tubercle ; the seventh

segment has two raised longitudinal lines on its surface,

the space between which is rather depressed, especially

just before the hind margin, and the lines project a little

beyond the margin in the form of two small indistinct

teeth.

Rather common in England, under the bark of dead

elm trees.

Obs.—This species may be distinguished from all

others by its distinctly and thickly punctured head,

taken in conjunction with its flat broad form, and dull

appearance.

In Thomson’s arrangement, the genus Homalota is re-

duced to this one species.

63. Homalota cuspidata.

Angusta, parallela, depressa, picea, pedibus testaceis ;

thorace subquadrato; abdomine segmento 7° apice in

utroque sexu acute mucronato. Long. ¢ ln.

Mas; abdomine supra segmentis 3-5 utrinque tubercu-

lo armatis.

HH, cuspidata, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 96; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 253; Wat. Cat.; Uhectura cuspidata, Th.

Sk. Col. u. 286.

British Species of Homalota. 169

A small, narrow, flat, and parallel species, distinguish-

ed from all others by the long sharp spine, projecting

backwards from the middle of the extremity of the upper

plate of the seventh abdominal segment. Antenne short,

thickened towards the apex, joints four to ten each dis-

tinctly transverse. Head about as broad as the thorax,

quadrate, flat, with the sides parallel, closely and dis-

tinctly punctured. Thorax a little narrower than the

elytra, about one-fourth broader than long; its sides

nearly straight, finely and pretty densely punctured, with

an indistinct longitudinal channel. Elytra about half as

long again as the thorax, finely and pretty densely punc-

tured. Abdomen with the basal segments finely and not

densely punctured, the apical segments impunctate, the

sixth with an ill-defined broad transverse impression,

the apex of the seventh furnished in the middle with a

long spine projecting backwards, and on each side with a

smaller, easily overlooked, sharp spine. Legs yellow,

the tarsi short.

In the male, the third, fourth, and fifth segments of

the abdomen have each on the upper side a pair of tuber-

cles, and the spines at the extremity of the seventh seg-

ment are larger and more distinct than in the female.

Not uncommon in England, under the bark of decay-

ing oak trees.

Section D.

Group X. The sixth segment of the abdomen punctured

sparingly, or not at all ; antennce moderately long, not stout.

(Species 64—67).

The short thorax of the species of this group prevents

their being arranged with H. elongatula, while the struc-

ture of their antenne (thinner, and with a well developed

fourth joint) separates them from H. fungicola. The four

species are all found amongst moss, and are apparently

gregarious.

64. Homalota erenvita.

Piceo-nigra, antennis pedibusque obscure testaceis,

subtiliter sat crebre punctata; antennis sat elongatis,

170 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

apicem versus vix incrassatis; thorace transverso, basi

impresso, plus minusve distincte canaliculato; elytris tho-

racis longitudinis; abdomine segmentis 2-4 evidenter

sat crebre punctatis, 5° parcius punctato. Long. 14-13

hin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem

versus angustato.

HH. erenvita, Rye, Ent. Month. Mag. 11. 123 (1866).

Var.—Capite canaliculato.

An anomalous species, very difficult to place satisfac-

torily ; allied as it is at the same time to such different

species as elongatula, fungi, and gemina; it is also a

variable species in size, colour, and the channelling of

the head and thorax. Pitchy-black, with the elytra

shehtly paler, the antenne and legs obscurely testa-

ceous. Antennee moderately long, very little thickened

towards the apex ; first jomt rather stout, two and three

moderately long, three longer than two, but not quite so

long as the first jomt, four to ten differing but littie from

one another, four slender and longer than broad, ten

about as long as broad; eleventh joint rather long, nearly

as long as the two preceding. Head rather broad and

short, but considerably narrower than the thorax, a little

broader behind the eyes, which are small and not pro-

minent, finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax as

broad as, or even broader than, the elytra, about half as

broad again as long, the sides a little rounded in front,

scarcely narrowed behind, in the middle in front of the

base with an impression, which is generally continued

forwards as a longitudinal channel, very finely but not

very densely punctured. Hlytra about as long as the

thorax, finely and pretty densely punctured, the punc-

tuation more distinct than on the thorax. Abdomen

black, shining towards the apex, and furnished there

with numerous and pretty distinct hairs, segments two

to four finely but distinctly and not closely punctured,

fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth almost impunc-

tate. Legs dirty testaceous, thighs darker than the

tibiz, posterior tarsi rather long and slender.

In the male, the head and thorax are generally more

distinctly channelled than in the female ; the third joint

of the antenne 1s a little stouter; and the under plate of

the seventh abdominal segment is considerably pro-

duced, and narrowed towards the apex.

British Species of Homalota. 171

Common in moss in the hilly districts of Scotland.

Obs.—As H. Aubei is in some respects intermediate be-

tween eremita and gemina, I have associated the three

species together in the present position, as being, per-

haps, the one least open to objection for them. The

transverse and broad thorax separates H. eremita from

the elongatula group; the stouter and more developed

antennz, the flatter and more parallel form, from H. fungi.

65. Homalota Aubei.

Nigro-fusca, antennarum basi pedibusque sordide tes-

taceis; capite canaliculato, thorace multo minore; hoc

transverso, canaliculato; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5

confertim subtiliter punctatis, 6° parce punctato. Long.

14 hin.

H, Aubei, Brisout, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 339.

A good deal like H. gemina, but twice the size, and with

the thorax channelled, and the fifth segment of the ab-

domen punctured. Also much like some of the varieties

of H. volans, but with shorter and broader thorax, and

more closely punctured abdomen. Antenne longer than

the head and thorax, slightly thickened towards the apex,

of a pitchy colour, with the two or three basaljoints paler ;

two and three of nearly equal length, four to ten differ-

ing but little im length, four rather slender, longer than

broad, five to nine also each longer than broad, ten about

as long as broad; eleventh joint half as long again as the

tenth. Head much smaller than the thorax, round, a

little wider behind the eyes, finely and indistinctly punc-

tured, with a distinct longitudinal channel, sometimes

short and sometimes longer (the male probably); man-

dibles and palpi pitchy. The thorax is but little narrow-

er than the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long, the

sides gently rounded, almost more narrowed in front than

behind, at the base in the middle with an obscure im-

pression, from which proceeds a central longitudinal

channel, fine and not very distinct; closely and finely

punctured. LElytra about one-third or fourth longer than

the thorax, closely and finely punctured. Abdomen with

segments two three and four finely and densely punc-

tured, fifth segment rather more sparingly punctured,

sixth very sparingly punctured. Legs dirty testaceous.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—parT Il. (MAY). )

172 Dr. Sharp’s [evision of the

I am not able to point out satisfactory abdominal

characters to separate the male from the female, but the

male appears to have the front of the head flattened, and

the longitudinal channel extending quite to the back.

Rare. Ihave found the species at Horning in Norfolk,

and there are specimens in Mr. Crotch’s collection, pro-

bably from the same locality. It has also been found by

Mr. Hislop in Scotland.

Obs.—I am much indebted to M. Ch. Brisout de Barne-

ville for an opportunity of examining his types of H. Au-

bei; they agree with my British examples: and I consider

the species is best placed near H. gemina, to which it is

more allied in structure than to any other of the genus.

66. Homalota gemina.

Nigro-fusca, antennis piceis, basi pedibusque fusco-

testaceis; antennis sat elongatis, apicem versus vix in-

crassatis ; capite thorace evidenter angustiore; hoc trans-

verso, basi indistincte impresso ; elytris thorace longiori-

bus; abdomine supra seymentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre

punctatis, 5 et 6 parce punctatis. Long. | lin.

Mas; capite evidenter canaliculato, abdomine segmento

7° ventrali producto.

H. gemina, Er. Kif. Brand. i. 330; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

112; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 255; Wat. Cat.

Antenne fusco-testaceous, with the basal joint hghter ;

moderately long and stout, but little thickened towards

the apex; joints two and three of about equal length,

four to ten differing but little in length, and each one

only shghtly broader than its predecessor, four longer

than broad, ten not quite so long as broad; eleventh

joint rather long, oblong-ovate, nearly as long as the two

preceding joints together. Head considerably smaller

than the thorax, round, slightly broader behind the eyes,

finely and indistinctly punctured ; in the male, with a fine

channel in the middle, reaching nearly to the back part,

in the female with a very short and indistinct channel.

Thorax transverse, nearly half as broad again as long, but

little narrower than the elytra; the sides gently rounded,

the base as wide as the apex, thickly and very finely

punctured, and in front of the scutellum with an obsolete

double impression. Elytra about a third longer than the

British Species of Homalota. 173

thorax, punctured: closely and finely, but more distinctly

than the thorax. Abdomen with segments two to four

finely but distinctly and moderately closely punctured,

five and six very sparingly punctured, apex indistinctly

paler. Legs fusco-testaceous.

In the male, the channel on the head is longer and

more distinct than in the female, and the abdomen has

the seventh segment underneath more produced and

narrower than in the female.

This species appears to be not common; I have found

it only at Hammersmith Marshes, and in a marshy place

near Thornhill.

Obs.—Compared with typical H. analis, H. gemina is

larger and darker coloured, with longer and stouter an-

tenne, differently shaped head, and more sparingly punc-

tured abdomen. ‘T'wo specimens of H. gemina sent by

Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my British ones.

67. Homalota curtipennis.

Nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque fuscis, ilarum basi

pedibusque obscure testaceis ; capite thorace evidenter

angustiore, antice angustato; thorace transverso, basi

plus minusve impresso ; elytris hoc nonnihil longioribus ;

abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° par-

cius punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; fronte plana, capite subtiliter canaliculato, ab-

domine segmento 7° ventrali paulo elongato.

Fem.; fronte convexiuscula.

Atheta breviceps, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 273 (forte).

Alhed to H. gemina, but with shorter antenne and

elytra. The antennez are quite as long as the head and

thorax, obscure testaceous, paler at the base, moderately

stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex ; joint three

not quite so long as two, four to ten differing but little

in length, but each a little broader than its predecessor,

four to six each about as long as broad, seven to ten

broader than long ; eleventh joint moderately long, nearly

twice as long as its predecessor. Head distinctly nar-

rower than the thorax, considerably broader behind the

eyes, and narrow in front, finely and indistinctly punc-

tured, flat above and indistinctly channelled in the male,

174 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

in the female convex. Thorax about as broad as the

elytra, transverse, half as broad again as long, the sides

but little rounded, the base about as wide as the apex,

closely and very finely punctured; sometimes in the

middle before the base with a broad shallow impression,

sometimes not impressed. The elytra are scarcely longer

than the thorax, generally a little hghter im colour than

it, finely and densely punctured. Abdomen black, a

little paler at the apex, segments two to four finely but

distinctly and moderately densely punctured, fifth seg-

ment sparingly punctured, sixth almost impunctate.

Legs dirty testaceous.

In the male, the upper surface of the head is flatter

than in the female, and channelled; the abdomen has

the seventh segment underneath a little longer and

narrower.

I have found this species only in Scotland. At Ran-

noch, on the Pentlands, and near Thornhill. I have not

seen any other specimens, except some taken by Mr.

Crotch, at Rannoch.

Obs.—H. curtipennis can be confounded only with H.

gemina, but its shorter and stouter antennz, and shorter

elytra readily distinguish it. Thomson’s H. breviceps

may prove identical with it, though I cannot satisfy

myself of this from description.

Group XI. The sixth seqment of the abdomen closely

punctured ; antennee not very stout. (Species 68—73) .

The following species constitute a natural group, with

the exception of H. vilis, which, although always asso-

ciated with H. analis, would, perhaps, be better placed

in Group III. The species are found amongst moss, and

in damp places.

68. Homalota vilis.

Linearis, nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque fuscis, pedi-

bus testaceis ; thorace leviter transverso ; abdomine supra

toto confertim subtiliter punctato. Long. vix | ln.

Mas; capite medio impresso, abdomine segmento 7°

ventrali paulo elongato.

Hi. vilis, Er. Kiif. Brand. i, 325; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

97; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 257; Wat. Cat.

British Species of Homalota. 175

Much smaller than H. gemina, and with the abdomen

throughout thickly and finely punctured. Rather narrow

and elongate. The antenne are longer than the head and

thorax, obscurely testaceous, with the first joint a little

paler, but slightly thickened towards the apex ; third joint

not so long as the second, four to ten differ but little either

in length or breadth, the tenth about as long as broad;

eleventh jomt oblong-ovate, nearly as long as the two

preceding. Head a little narrower than the thorax,

not narrowed towards the front, very finely and indis-

tinctly punctured ; in the male with an indistinct impres-

sion. The thorax is nearly as broad as the elytra, about

one-third broader than long, nearly straight at the sides,

very finely and closely punctured. The elytra are a

little paler in colour than the head and thorax, about

one-third longer than the latter, closely and finely punc-

tured. The abdomen is throughout closely and very

finely punctured, paler towards the apex. The legs are

yellowish.

In the male, the head is obscurely impressed, and the

seventh abdominal segment a little produced under-

neath.

I have seen only two British specimens of this species ;

one in Mr. Waterhouse’s collection, and one in my own.

I captured this specimen in a marshy place near

Eltham.

Obs.—H. vilis can readily be distinguished from H.

analis by its longer antenne, less thickened towards the

apex; by its head not broader behind the eyes, as well

as by a different facies. With other species it is not

very likely to be confounded. Specimens of H. vilis

sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my

example mentioned above.

69. Homalota analis.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedi-

busque testaceis; capite subtriangulari; thorace basi

foveolato; abdomine supra confertim subtiliter punctato,

segmento 7° apice medio in utroque sexu triangulariter

emarginato. Long. | lin.

Var.—Major, colore obscuriore, antennis longioribus,

thorace magis transverso.

Var.—Thorace elytrisque rufis.

176 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Aleochara analis, Grav. Micr. 76; H. analis, Er. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 114; Kr. Ins. Deutsh. 11.. 256; Wat.

Cat.; Amischa analis, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 293.

A very abundant and variable species, with thickly

punctured abdomen, and peculiarly shaped head. The

antenne are rather short, a little thickened towards the

apex ; jomt three shorter and more slender than two,

four much shorter than three, about as broad as long,

from this to the tenth the joints differ but little in length,

but each one is a little broader than its predecessor, from

the sixth onwards each broader than long; eleventh

joint rather large, a httle broader than the tenth. The

head is a little narrower than the thorax, considerably

widened behind the eyes, so as to make it somewhat

triangular, the upper surface moderately convex, very

finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is but

little narrower than the elytra, one-third broader than

long, the sides but little rounded, and scarcely narrowed

behind, very finely punctured, and with a fovea in front

of the scutellum, sometimes with an indistinct central

longitudinal channel. The elytra are a little longer than

the thorax, finely and closely punctured. Abdomen more

or less pale towards the apex, closely and finely punc-

tured throughout, and the seventh segment has the

posterior margin triangularly emarginate in the middle.

Legs yellowish.

Varies much in colour; sometimes the thorax and ely-

tra are bright reddish-brown, while at other times the

general colour is blackish, with the legs and antennze

pitchy.

A large dark variety occurs, which is often confounded

in collections with H. soror; this, besides its colour and

size, differs from ordinary H. analis, by having the joints

of the antenne longer, the thorax broader, flatter, and

more transverse, the elytra longer, and not narrowed at

the shoulders, and the emargination of the seventh ab-

dominal segment larger. It may possibly prove to be a

distinct species, but all the characters mentioned above

vary, and after the examination of several hundreds of

specimens, I find myself unable to draw any satisfactory

line of separation. This large form appears to be com-

moner in the North than in the South.

It is extremely difficult to separate the sexes of H. analis.

Kraatz says that a larger triangular notch of the seventh

British Species of Homalota. 177

segment of the abdomen is indicative of the male; this

notch certainly varies in size in different individuals, but

I am unable to satisfy myself that the difference is

sexual.

H. analis is extremely abundant in all sorts of situa-

tions all over the country.

70. Homalota cavifrons.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedi-

busque testaceis; capite subtriangulari; thorace basi

foveolato; elytris thoracis longitudinis; abdomine supra

confertim subtiliter punctato, segmento 7° apice medio

in utroque sexu triangulariter emarginato. Long. vix

1 lin.

Mas; capite medio late impresso, abdomine segmento

7° ventrali elongato.

This species so greatly resembles the small forms of

H. analis, that it will be sufficient to point out the cha-

racters distinguishing it from that species. These are

almost entirely sexual. The upper surface of the head

of the male of this species is broadly and very distinctly

impressed, whereas it is convex in all specimens of H.

analis; also in this sex of H. cavifrons, the ventral plate

of the seventh abdominal segment is considerably pro-

duced (as in H. soror), and the hind margin is furnished

in the middle with a bunch of five or six distinct black

hairs. In the female of H. cavifrons, the notch of the

seventh segment is broader and deeper than in specimens

of H. analis of the same size; and in both sexes the

elytra are shorter, being only of the length of the

thorax.

I have found this species only in the hilly districts of

Scotland, in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, and near

Thornhill.

71. Homalota simillima.

Picea, antennis ano pedibusque testaceis; capite sub-

triangulari; thorace basi obsolete foveolato; elytris hoc

paulo longioribus; abdomine supra undique confertim

subtiliter punctato, segmento 7° apice medio in utroque

sexu emarginato. Long. vix 1 lin.

178 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Mas; capite impresso, abdomine segmento 7° ven-

trali elongato.

Very like H. analis, and equal in size to the small in-

dividuals of it, but of more parallel and flatter form,

more unicolorous, and even more finely and densely

punctured, so as to be less shining; the thorax is

flatter and more transverse, and less distinctly foveolate

at the base.

The male is readily distinguished from the female;

it has the upper surface of the head deeply impressed,

and its abdomen has the seventh ventral segment dis-

tinctly produced, and the apex furnished im the middle

with five or six distinct black hairs.

Also closely allied to H. cavifrons, and possessing

similar sexual characters, but more unicolorous, more

parallel in form, more densely and finely punctured,

with flatter and more transverse thorax, and with the

elytra longer than the thorax, and not narrowed at the

shoulders.

I have found this species only on the banks of the

Nith, and its tributary Cairn Water, under stones, in

company with Scopeus Hrichsoni.

72. Homatota soror.

Nigra, antennis fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis; capite

subtriangulari; thorace basi foveolato; abdomine supra

undique dense subtiliter punctato. Long. | lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio pro-

funde exciso, ventrali elongato.

H. soror, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 257; Wat. Cat.

Extremely like the large dark form of H. analis, and

distinguished from such only by its more densely and

distinctly punctured abdomen (especially notable towards

the apex), and its different sexual characters; the male

has the head more or less distinctly channelled; the

seventh segment of the abdomen has a much deeper and

more distinct notch than has H. analis; this notch, too,

is of a different shape, and commences on each side much

nearer the outside angle of the plate; the ventral plate

of the same segment is distinctly produced, and its hind

British Species of Homalota. 179

margin furnished in the middle with five or six distinct

black hairs.

Apparently very local, and found hitherto only in the

neighhourhood of London, Hammersmith, Barnes, &c.

Ols.—Kraatz says the abdomen is much more finely

punctured than in H. analis. I find, however, the con-

trary to be the case. It is possible that Kraatz may

have included the following very closely allied species

with H. soror; this, at least, would account for the dis-

crepancy in question.

73. Homalota decipiens.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedibus-

que testaceis; capite subtriangulari; thorace basi foveo-

lato; abdomine supra undique dense subtiliter punctato.

Long. 1 lin.

Very closely allied to H. soror, and differing from it

only by the more finely punctured abdomen, with differ-

ently formed seventh segment, and by having the legs,

antennz, and extremity of the abdomen of a clearer yel-

low colour. It is also, on the average, slightly smaller

than H. soror.

The male of this species is only to be distinguished

from the female by the under plate of the seventh seg-

ment of the abdomen being slightly narrower and more

elongate than in the female. In neither sex has the

posterior margin of the upper plate of this segment any

triangular notch; the posterior margin is not, however,

completely rounded, but is shghtly and indistinctly emar-

ginate.

Not common, though I have found it in several locali-

ties in the South. Chatham, Weymouth, Southend,

Hammersmith, Charlton. I have also seen it in Mr.

Crotch’s collection.

Obs.—This species is closely allied to H. analis, and is

probably confounded with it. It has, however, rather

longer elytra, more densely punctured abdomen, which

is on this account less shining, and the seventh segment

is without the characteristic notch always found in H.

analis.

180 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Group XII. The siath segment of the abdomen not punc-

tured ; antenne stout or very stout. (Species 74—78).

The very small species forming this group are found

amongst moss and leaves, with the exception of H. paral-

lela, which is quite confined to the nests of Formica rufa ;

this species has thinner antennz than the others, and a

different facies.

74. Homalota ewilis.

Parallela, fusca, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis,

obsolete punctata, tenuissime pubescens; antennis cras-

sis; thorace leviter transverso ; elytris hoc paulo longior-

ibus; abdomine confertim obsoletissime (apicem versus

vix visibiliter) punctato. Long. # lin.

H. exilis, Hr. Kaf. Brand. i. 333; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

115; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 260; Wat. Cat.; Aleuonota

exilis, Th. Sk. Col. in. 54.

Var.—Minor, angustior, colore obscuriore, antennis

paulo brevioribus.

A remarkable little species, of a pale colour, with short

thick antenne, and extremely fine, scarcely visible punc-

tuation and pubescence. Antenne testaceous, not quite

so long as the head and thorax, stout, thickened towards

the apex; third joint triangular, not nearly so long as the

second, fourth joint small, broader than long, from this

to the tenth the antennz are considerably thickened,

with each joint very transverse; the penultimate joint

more than twice as broad as long; eleventh joint broad,

double the length of the tenth. Head large, scarcely

narrower than the thorax, a little widened behind the

eyes, which are small and not at all prominent; very ob-

soletely punctured, and sometimes with an indistinct long-

itudinal channel. The thorax is about as wide as the

elytra, about one-third broader than long, the sides nearly

straight, a little narrowed behind, very finely punctured

and pubescent. The elytra are a little longer than the

thorax, and rather more distinctly (yet extremely finely)

punctured. The abdomen is yellow at the extremity, the

middle segments are pitchy, the basal segments sometimes

pitchy, sometimes yellow; its punctuation is pretty dense,

but extremely fine, and is, towards the apex, scarcely

visible. The legs are yellow.

British Species of Homalota. 181

I am not able to point out characters to distinguish the

Sexes.

Local, but sometimes found in great abundance, espe-

cially in early spring. Wimbledon, Edinburgh, &c.

Obs.—A small form of this species occurs, which be-

sides its sma'ler size, is narrower, and of a more obscure

colour, with rather shorter antenne, and less transverse

thorax; a specimen of it sent to Kraatz for examination,

some years back, was returned by him asa distinct species,

and it is possible it may prove to be so. I have found

it in very great abundance on Wimbledon Common, un-

accompanied by any of the larger typical form, which

indeed appears to be very rare near London.

75. Homalota pallens.

Testacea, abdomine ante apicem paulo obscuriore, ten-

uissime pubescens, obsoletissime punctata. Long. 3 lin.

H. pallens, Redt. Faun. Austr. (ed. i), 662; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 261.

Extremely like H. eailis, but smaller than even the

smallest variety of it, and of a uniform pale testaceous

colour; the fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen

being sometimes a little darker; the punctuation and pu-

bescence are even finer and more delicate than in H. ewi-

lis, and the elytra are a little shorter than is generally

the case in that species.

Rare. Hitherto only found under stones, in rather

muddy places, on the banks of the Nith and Avon, in

Scotland.

76. Homalota palleola.

Testacea, capite elytrisque fusco-testaceis, abdomine

ante apicem piceo, nitidula, subtilissime punctata, tenuis-

sime pubescens; abdomine basi parce obsolete punctato,

apice levigato. Long. ? lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato.

H. palleola, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 333; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

115; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 259; Wat. Cat.

A very small, shining, prettily coloured species. Yel-

lowish, with the head and elytra more or less distinctly

darker, and the abdomen before the apex pitchy. The

antenne are stout, thickened towards the apex, third

182 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

joint considerably more slender and rather shorter than

the second, four not quite so long as broad, five to ten

each perceptibly broader than it predecessor, and strong-

ly transverse; eleventh joint large, twice as long as the

tenth. Head smaller than the thorax, the eyes a little

prominent, its punctuation and pubescence almost imper-

ceptible, the upper side with a very small fovea in the

middle. The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra,

about half as broad again as long, punctuation and pubes-

cence extremely fine and indistinct. The elytra are fully

half as long again as the thorax, very finely punctured

and pubescent, but rather more distinctly so than the

thorax. Abdomen with the penultimate segments pitchy,

the base and apex yellow, the basal segments very obso-

letely punctured, the apical ones smooth. Legs yellow.

In the male, the apex of the seventh segment above is

truncate.

Rare, and hitherto, I believe, found only near Reigate.

Obs.—A specimen of H. palleola sent by Kraatz to the

British Museum agrees with my English specimens.

77. Homalota validiuscula.

Nigra, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, thorace

elytrisque rufo-testaceis; capite coleopteris angustiore ;

thorace transversim subquadrato, basi canaliculato; ab-

domine basi obsolete punctato, apice levigato. Long. ?

hin.

Hi. validiuseula, Kr. ins. Deutsch. i. 261.

Allied to H. palleola, but a little larger, not so depres-

sed or parallel, with the abdomen darker in colour, the

head rounder and narrower in proportion to the elytra,

and the anterior parts of the body more distinctly punc-

tured and pubescent. Antenne stout, thickened towards

the apex, pale at the base, pitchy outwards; joint three

rather shorter than two, narrowed at the base, four to ten

each distinctly broader than its predecessor, four shghtly

transverse, the following ones gradually more strongly so,

tenth joint about twice as broad as the fourth; eleventh

joint rather large, twice as long as the tenth. Head

smaller than the thorax, round, black and shining; very

finely and indistinctly punctured, with a short fine pubes-

cence, the upper surface with a small fovea in the male,

convex in the female. Thorax narrower than the elytra,

a third or fourth broader than long, finely but distinctly

British Species of Homalota. 183°

punctured and pubescent, with a short, indistinct, central

longitudinal channel behind. Elytra a little longer than

the thorax, punctuation and pubescence distinct but fine.

Abdomen black, with the apex paler, the basal segments —

very finely and indistinctly punctured, the apical ones

smooth. Legs yellow.

The male has a small fovea on the middle of the head,

and the seventh segment of the abdomen has the ventral

plate rather longer and narrower, and its apex more

rounded, than in the female.

On one occasion, I found this species in numbers on

the Braid Hills, Edinburgh, in a ditch among dead leaves

early in the spring. I have not seen any other British

specimens.

Obs.—I have not seen a specimen of H. validiuscula

named by Kraatz; though there are several discrepancies

when compared with his description, I think the species

above described will prove to be identical with Kraatz’s.

Its less parallel form, differently shaped head, and more

distinct punctuation and pubescence, readily distinguish

it from H. exilis.

78. Homalota parallela.

Nigra, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis, elytris

brunneis, confertim subtiliter punctata, tenuiter pubes-

cens; thorace transverso, elytris hoc paulo longioribus ;

abdomine basi parce subtiliter punctato, apice levigato.

Long. vix ? ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine

posteriore magis rotundato.

Bolitochara parallela, Man. Bull. Mosc. 1844, p. 173

(teste Kraatz); H. parallela, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 262;

Wat. Cat.; Amidobia parallela, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 295.

Likely to be confounded only with H. analis, but

smaller than the smallest specimens of that species, and

readily distinguished by its differently shaped head, and

impunctate and shining extremity of the abdomen. The

antenne are yellowish, rather stout, a little thickened

towards the apex; joint two longer than three, four

nearly quadrate, five to ten transverse; eleventh not so

long as the two preceding together. Thorax a little

narrower than the elytra, about a third broader than

184 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

long, with a scarcely visible fovea in front of the base in

the middle, very finely punctured. The elytra are a little

longer than the thorax, thickly and finely punctured.

The abdomen is black and shining, yellowish at the ex-

tremity, the basal segments finely and indistinctly punc-

tured, but with the pubescence pretty distinct, apical

seoments impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh segment of the abdomen has

the hind margin of both the upper and under plates

rather more produced and rounded than in the female.

Abundant in the large ants’ nests at Rannoch. Iam

not aware of its occurrence elsewhere in the country.

Section H.

Group XIII. Large species, with the thorax strongly

punctured ; penultimate joints of the antennce transverse.

(Species 79—81).

H. brunnea is our only British representative of four

or five allied European species, and it is only in order to

facilitate reference, that I have associated it with H.

hepatica, which has a totally different facies. H. brunnea

is a common species amongst moss, &c. H. hepatica I

have never found, and H. exarata occurs very rarely in

nests of Lormica fuliginosa.

79. Homalota brunnea.

Depressa, nitidula, testacea, capite, antennis extrorsum,

abdominisque segmentis plus minusve nigro-piceis ; capite

thoraceque sat fortiter haud crebre punctatis; abdomine

supra segmentis 2-4 crebre evidentius punctatis, 5°

parcius punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 13-24 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° dorsali medio ante

apicem tuberculo elevato, 7° apice dentibus 4 instructo.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poster-

iore medio obsolete emarginato.

Staphylinus brunneus, Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 180; H.

brunnea, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 98; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.

uu. 265; Wat. Cat.; Platarceea brunnea, Th. Sk. Col. im.

46. H. depressa, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 99; Platarcea

depressa, Th. Sk. Col. 1. 45.

A large, brightly coloured, and handsome species, flat,

British Species of Homalota. 185

yellowish, with the antenne towards the apex, the head,

and the abdomen more or less, blackish. The antennz

are moderately long, rather slender for the size of the

species, but little thickened towards the apex; joints two

and three of about equal length, four about as long as

broad, from this to the tenth, but little difference between

the length and breadth of each joint ; in some specimens,

however, the penultimate joits are distinctly transverse ;

the eleventh joint is gently pointed, not quite so long as

the two preceding together. Head blackish, with the

palpi and parts of the mouth testaceous, considerably

smaller than the thorax, flat above, and sometimes ob-

scurely impressed, distinctly but rather distantly punc-

tured, each puncture being distinguishable as a real im-

pression. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, about a

third broader than long, the sides nearly straight, round-

ed towards the anterior and posterior angles, rather

strongly and distantly punctured, the disc is flattish, with

more or less distinct indications of one or more shallow

impressions. The elytra are yellowish, a little darker in

the neighbourhood of the scutellum, the punctuation not

quite so coarse as that of the thorax, but rather closer.

The abdomen is somewhat variable in colour, blackish, the

base and apex sometimes obscurely, sometimes distinctly

paler; segments two to four are distinctly and pretty

densely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-

tured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antenne is stouter

than in the female; the sixth segment of the abdomen

is furnished above, just before the hind margin, with a

distinct raised tubercle; the hind margin of the seventh

segment is provided with four distinct teeth, of which

the outer ones are the stouter, the two inner ones are

rather closer together, and are like tubercles; the hind

margin of the same segment, underneath, is more round-

ed than in the female.

In the female, the hind margin of the seventh dorsal

segment is slightly emarginate in the middle.

Rather common in moss and dead leaves throughout

the country.

Obs.—This species varies somewhat in colour, size, and

punctuation of the head and thorax. Hrichson divided

it into two species, H. brunnea and depressa, which are

still maintained by Thomson.

186 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

80. Homalota hepatica.

Nigra, elytris ferrugineis, antennis pedibusque testa-

ceils; antennis sat validis; thorace elytrisque crebre dis-

tinctius punctatis, evidenter pubescentibus; abdomine

basi parce punctato, apice levigato. Long. 2-2} lin.

Mas; elytris linea prope suturam longitudinaliter ele-

vata; abdomine segmento 6° supra lineis 2 elevatis pos-

tice convergentibus instructo.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-

teriore medio sat profunde emarginato.

HI. hepatica, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 102; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 268; Wat. Cat.

A fine, large, and robust species. Antenne yellow,

stout, the first three joints elongate, two and three of

nearly the same length, four to ten each a little broader

than its predecessor, of four and five the length is about

equal to the breadth, six to ten distinctly transverse, last

joint long and pointed, as long as the two preceding to-

gether. Head roundish, smaller than the thorax, rather

coarsely but obsoletely punctured. The thorax is nearly

as broad as the elytra, about one-third broader than

long, the sides rounded in front, then nearly straight

behind, distinctly and pretty closely punctured, and with

a well-marked yellowish pubescence. The elytra are

reddish-brown, rather longer than the thorax, distinctly

and pretty closely punctured, and with a well-marked

pubescence. The abdomen is black and shining, a little

paler at the apex, segments two to four sparingly punc-

tured, fifth segment still more sparingly punctured,

sixth nearly impunctate. Legs reddish-yellow.

The male has on each elytron a raised longitudinal

line, nearly parallel with the suture, and on the sixth

abdominal segment above, two raised lines converging

posteriorly. (Kraatz).

The female has the posterior margin of the seventh

ventral segment distinctly excised in the middle.

This fine species is rare, but has occurred in several

parts of England. All the specimens I have seen are

females.

81. Homalota exarata.

Linearis, nigro-picea, antennis elytris pedibusque rufo-

testaceis, abdomine rufo-piceo; thorace transverso, elytris

NOV, 1, 1999

British Species of Homalota. 187

minus crebre sat fortiter punctatis; abdomine fere leevi-

gato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas ; elytris prope suturam linea longitudinali elevata

instructis.

Allied to H. hepatica, but smaller, especially narrower,

not so dark in colour, with more slender antenne, and

shorter thorax. The antenne are unicolorous, reddish-

brown, stout, but little thickened towards the apex, basal

joints rather long; joints two and three of about equal

length, four and five each about as long as broad, six to

ten rather transverse; eleventh joint rather long and

pointed, about as long as the two preceding together.

Head smaller than the thorax, neither finely nor closely

punctured, the punctures shallow and indistinct. Thorax

pitchy, nearly as broad as the elytra, half as broad again

as long, the sides gently rounded in front, scarcely

narrowed behind, rather coarsely, pretty densely, and

not very distinctly, punctured. Hlytra reddish, rather

coarsely but indistinctly and not closely punctured, about

a fourth longer than the thorax. Abdomen pitchy, the

extremity, as well as the margins of the segments reddish,

almost impunctate, and sparingly pubescent. Legs yel-

lowish.

The male has a raised fold on each elytron, beginning

close to the suture near the hind margin, and getting

broader and more indistinct as it proceeds forwards.

Very rare; a few specimens found by Dr. Power and

Mr. Brewer, in Tilgate Forest, in the nests of Formica

fuliginosa, are all I have seen.

Group XIV. Large species, with the penultimate joints

of the antennce not transverse. (Species 82—86).

The members of this group form a natural cluster, allied

in many respects to Group V. AH. «anthoptera and cenei-

collis occur in numbers in fungi, and decaying vegetable

matter; H. valida and incognita I have found in heaps of

vegetable refuse, while H. subcenea appears to prefer the

neighbourhood of rivers and streams.

82. Homalota subcenea.

Nigra, capite thoraceque subzeneis, antennarum articu-

lo primo pedibusque testaceis, elytris sordide brunneis ;

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PaRT II. (JUNE). P

188 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

thorace transverso, basi impresso; elytris confertim dis-

tinctius granuloso-punctatis; abdomine segmentis 2-4

parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 13-13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et crenulato.

An obscurely coloured, rather large species, with the

anterior parts dullish, the abdomen shining. The an-

tennee are moderately long, slender, scarcely thickened

towards the apex; black, the basal joints yellowish ; jomts

two and three rather slender, of about equal length, the

third being very little the longer of the two, four shorter and

more slender than five, five to ten nearly like one another,

each a little narrowed towards its base, each a little longer

than broad; the eleventh joint is rather long and pointed,

not quite so long as the two preceding together. The

head is narrower than the thorax, blackish, with a rather

dull, brassy appearance, finely and indistinctly punctured.

The thorax resembles the head in colour, it is narrower

than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides

gently rounded in front, then very slightly narrowed be-

hind, very finely and not closely punctured, and with a

broad shallow impression in front of the scutellum. LHly-

tra about a third longer than the thorax, of a dirty brown-

ish or yellowish-brown colour, slightly darker about the

scutellum, closely and distinctly punctured, the sculpture

consisting of small roughish elevations; their pubescence

is depressed, and pretty distinct. The abdomen is black

and shining; segments two to four sparingly but dis-

tinctly punctured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs

dirty testaceous.

The male has the apex of the seventh segment of the

abdomen above, truncate and crenulate, the crenulations

are rather large and about eight in number, the outer

one on each side the most distinct.

In wet places on the banks of the Scotch rivers, among

moss, also sparingly in England.

Obs.—This species may readily be distinguished from

H, xanthoptera, by the darker antenne with shorter

apical joint, the obscurely brassy colour of the head and

thorax, and the more strongly punctured and obscurely

coloured elytra. It may possibly prove identical with

Atheta aquatica, Th., but Thomson describes the male of

that species as having the hind margin of the seventh

segment furnished with four teeth.

British Species of Homalota. 189

83. Homalota cneicollis.

Nigra, nitidula, antennarum basi pedibus elytrisque

testaceis, his circa scutellum angulisque apicis infuscatis ;

thorace transverso, basi obsolete impresso; abdomine

supra Bogmentis 2-4 parcius punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levi-

gatis. Long. 1$-12 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et crenulato.

This species is extremely closely allied to H. wanthop-

tera, and I have no doubt is generally confounded with

it; 1t is, on an average, a little smaller than, and not

so robust as H. wzanthoptera. The elytra are paler in

colour, and more distinctly marked with black. The

antenne are darker in colour, and neither quite so

long, nor quite so stout; they are darker towards the

extremity, and the apical joint is not so long, though it

bears nearly the same relation to the two preceding ones,

as the last joint in H. wanthoptera does.

It is an abundant species in decaying vegetable matter,

especially im Scotland, where it is commoner than H. xan-

thoptera, and may sometimes be found in numbers without

any of that species being associated with it. It is widely

distributed, as I have seen it from Naples.

Obs.—I am indebted to M. Ch, Brisout de Barneville,

for the loan of his two types ( 3 and ¢) of H. parisiensis ;

they are either the above species, or a closely allied one,

the differences being, apparently, that these French spe-

cimens are rather smaller and narrower, and have the

base of the antenne, and the elytra, of a darker colour,

and the antenne rather more slender. They are rather

old rubbed examples, and without the examination of a

greater number of specimens, I can express no positive

opinion as to their distinctness from the species above

described. *

84. Homalota wanthoptera.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis articulo ultimo elongato, fus-

co-testaceis, basi testaceis, elytris pedibusque testaceis ;

thorace transverso, basi obsolete impresso ; abdomine seg-

mentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long.

13-2 lin,

“Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et crenulato.

* Since the above was written, I have seen one or two other examples

of H. parisiensis; they tend to confirm my opinion of its distinctness.

190 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Aleochara wanthoptera, Steph. Ill. Brit. Ent. v. 116

(1832); H. xanthoptera, Wat. Cat. H. socialis, var. 6,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 102. H. merdaria, Th. Ofv. Vet.

Ac. Foérh. 1852, p. 141; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 269; Athe-

ta merdaria, Th. Sk. Col. m. 81.

Antenne long and rather slender, very little thickened

towards the apex; yellowish, more or less darker towards

the extremity, but with the terminal joint nearly always

a little paler than the penultimate one, their pubescence

rather distinct; joints one, two, and three moderately

long, three slightly longer than two, four about as broad

as three, longer than broad, five a little broader than four,

from this to the tenth the joints differ but little from one

another, each is a little longer than broad, and a

httle narrowed towards the base; the last joint is elon-

gate, nearly the length of the three preceding together,

gently pointed, not stouter than the tenth. Head black,

with the mandibles and palpi yellowish, considerably

narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely

and indistinctly punctured. Thorax black and shining,

a little narrower than the elytra, fully one-third broader

than long, the sides gently rounded in front, then nearly

straight behind, finely and pretty closely punctured, with

an indistinct impression in front of the scutellum. Ely-

tra a third or fourth longer than the thorax, of a chesnut-

yellow colour, very indistinctly darker about the scutel-

lum and towards the apical angles, pretty closely and

finely punctured, and with a soft distinct pubescence.

Abdomen black and shining, the extremity sometimes

yellow; segments two to four sparingly but distinctly

punctured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs bright

yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the upper plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is truncate and crenulate,

the number of crenulations varies a little, but is generally

eight; of these, the outer one on each side is larger than

the others; the under plate of this segment is also more

produced, and its hind margin more rounded, than in the

female.

Common all over the country, in fungi and decaying

vegetable matter, especially in the months of August and

September; sometimes found at the sap of trees.

Obs.—Stephens’ description of A. xanthoptera, gives

characters by which, considered together, this species

British Species of Homalota. 191

may be distinguished from all others, viz., size, colour,

and the elongate terminal joint of the antenne; and, as

his name is many years older than Thomson’s merdaria,

I have adopted it.

85. Homalota incognita.

Latior, nigra, antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis apicem

versus infuscatis, elytris obscure castaneis ; thorace trans-

verso, basi impresso; elytris crebre sat fortiter punc-

tatis; abdomine segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6

fere leevigatis. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore

medio truncato, haud crenulato.

A large species, allied to H. vanthoptera, usually larger

and broader in proportion, the thorax being evidently

broader; it is more obscurely coloured, has the elytra

more strongly punctured, the fourth jomt of the antennz

longer, and the apex of the abdomen not visibly crenulate

in the male. The antenne are long, but slightly thick-

ened towards the apex; yellow at the base, more or less

infuscate towards the apex, pretty distinctly furnished

with outstanding hairs; joints two and three moderately

long and slender, four considerably longer than broad,

from this to the tenth the joints differ but little in length,

but each is a little stouter than the foregoing one, each

longer than broad; the eleventh joint is elongate (espe-

cially in the male), longer than the two preceding together,

and a little stouter than its predecessor. The head is

broad, narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the

eyes, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is a

little narrower than the elytra, fully a third broader than

long, the sides gently rounded in front, then nearly

straight, and but very slightly narrowed behind, pretty

finely and not densely punctured, with an indistinct im-

pression in front of the scutellum, from which proceeds

a short indistinct channel. The elytra are about a fourth

longer than the thorax, of an obscure brownish colour,

indistinctly darker about the scutellum and towards the

apical angles, rather strongly and closely punctured.

The abdomen is black and shining, pitchy at the extreme

apex; segments two to four sparingly but distinctly

punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

192 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the male, the last jomt of the antenne is longer

than in the female, the seventh segment of the abdomen

has the hind margin of the upper plate quite straight m

the middle, but not visibly crenulate ; the ventral plate is

also more produced, and its posterior margin more round-

ed, than in the female.

Rare. Rannoch, Edinburgh, Inverness-shire, Thornhill.

Obs.—This species is in some respects intermediate

between H. wanthoptera and valida ; it 1s distinguished

from H. valida by its more obscure colour, paler anten-

ne, less coarsely punctured elytra, and the non-crenulate

seventh abdominal segment of the male.

86. Homalota valida.

Nigra, nitidula, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis,

elytris brunneis, crebre evidenter punctatis; thorace

transverso, basi impresso ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4

parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis, ano obscure brun-

neo. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio crenulato.

H. valida, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 274.

A fine large species, the smallest specimens equal in

size to H. wanthoptera. Antenne pitchy, with the three

basal joints dark yellow, rather long and stout, slightly

thickened towards the apex, with a sparing exserted

pubescence; joint three rather longer than two, four to

ten each slightly broader than its predecessor; im the

male each longer than broad, m the female about as long

as broad; the terminal joint is elongate and pointed,

rather more than the length of the two preceding. The

head is black and shining, finely and sparingly punctured.

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, nearly half as

broad again as long; black and shining, rather finely and

not closely punctured, with a broad shallow impression

in front of the scutellum, and sometimes with a fine in-

distinct channel. Elytra about a fourth longer than the

thorax, shining brown, a little darker about the scutellum

and towards the external angles, strongly and closely

punctured, and with a well marked pubescence. The

abdomen is black and shining, scarcely paler at the ex-

tremity, segments two to four sparingly but rather coarse-

ly punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs

yellow.

British Species of Homalota. 193

In the male, the joints of the antennz from the fourth

onwards are a little longer than in the female, the upper

plate of the seventh abdominal segment has the hind

margin crenulate, and sometimes slightly emarginate ;

the crenulations vary in fineness, and are about eight in

number; the ventral plate of the same segment is more

produced, and has the hind margin more rounded, than

in the female.

Rare. Hdinburgh, Strath Cannich, Thornhill.

Obs.—I have but little doubt this is the H. valida of

Kraatz, though I have not seen any specimen of the

Species so named, except my British ones. It is readily

distinguished from H. wzanthoptera by its darker and more

shining colour, its less elongate apical joimt to the an-

tenn, and its more strongly punctured elytra.

Group XV. Moderately sized, or small species, with the

penultimate joints of the antennee transverse.

(Species 87—107).

An artificial group, comprising a number of species of

very different appearance and size. They occur, how-

ever, nearly without exception, in refuse vegetable mat-

ter and in fungi; H. succicola and triangulum prefer the

sap of trees, and the latter species is also sometimes found

on the coast. H. succicola is a large species, while ato-

maria and perexiqgua are amongst the smallest of the

genus. HH. palustris and others are placed by Kraatz

near H. atramentaria, but the parallel abdomen, and the

tibize entirely without sete, make them even more un-

naturally placed than in my arrangement.

87. Homalota succicola.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris brunneis, pedibus testaceis ; an-

tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; thorace transverso, basi

impresso ; abdomine seementis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6

levigatis. Long. 13-13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et subtiliter crenulato.

H. succicola, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Férh. 1852, p. 141;

Atheta succicola, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 78. H. validicornis,

Maerk., Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 271. H. socialis, var. a,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 102. H. ewryptera, Wat. Cat.

194 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Compared with H. zanthoptera, this species is broader

and stouter in proportion, with stouter shorter and dark-

er antenne, of which the fifth joint is considerably broader

than the fourth. The antennz are nearly black, stout,

after the fifth joint not thickened towards the apex ; joint

three a little longer than two, four smal] in comparison

with the others, about as broad as three, and nearly

as long as broad, five considerably broader than four,

distinctly transverse, the other joints onwards to the tenth

closely resembling it; the eleventh joint is long in pro-

portion to its predecessors, longer than the two preceding

together. Head black, rather broad and short, distinctly

narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely

and indistinctly punctured. Thorax a little narrower

than the elytra, quite half as broad again as long, the

sides rounded in front, then nearly straight behind, so

that it is a little narrower at the anterior than at the

posterior angles, pretty finely and not closely punctured,

and with a more or less distinct, shallow impression in

front of the scutellum. Elytra about a third longer than

the thorax, brownish in colour, a little darker about the

scutellum, pretty closely and finely punctured. Abdo-

men black and shining ; segments two to four sparingly

but pretty distinctly punctured, five and six almost im-

punctate. Legs not very clear yellow.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-

men has the apex truncate and finely crenulate, the num-

ber of the crenulations not easy to count, about twelve

to sixteen, the outside one on each side a little the larger.

Very common at the sap of trees, and also in other

situations throughout the country. :

Obs. 1.—Kraatz very truly remarks that this species

might perhaps be more correctly placed in the next sec-

tion, but that its nearest allies are in the present group.

Obs. I1.—This species is the H. ewryptera of Mr. Water-

house’s catalogue. As Stephens’ description of Aleochara

euryptera contains nothing peculiarly characteristic of

this species, I have not felt justified in adopting this

name, to the displacement of another in general use,

merely because a specimen is so named in Stephens’

cabinet.

88. Homalota trinotata.

Nigra, elytris pedibusque testaceis, illis circa scutel-

lum angulisque apicis fuscis; antennis articulis 5-10

bid ni Nl i atti nh —

British Species of Homalota. 195

transversis; thorace transverso; abdomine segmentis

2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 parcius punc-

tatis. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poste-

riore subtiliter crenulato, utrinque denticulo acuto ter-

minato.

H. trinotata, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 272; Wat. Cat.

Atheta socialis, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 76.

A rather shining, and with the exception of the elytra

and legs, dark-coloured species. The antennz are nearly

black, pitchy at the base, from the third joint onwards

gradually though shghtly thickened towards the apex ;

the three basal jomts moderately long, three a little

longer than two, four slightly broader than three, about

as broad as, or a little broader than long, from this onwards

each joint is slightly broader than its predecessor, five

to ten distinctly transverse ; eleventh jomt rather broad,

as long as the two preceding together. Head black,

moderately shining, finely and indistinctly punctured,

narrower than the thorax. Thorax a little narrower than

the elytra, half as broad again as long, the sides nearly

straight, gently rounded at the anterior angles, finely

and not closely punctured, with an indistinct impression

in front of the scutellum. Elytra fully a third longer

than the thorax, yellowish, with a tolerably well defined,

dark, triangular patch at the scutellum, and another on

each side near the apical angle, finely and pretty closely

punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, segments

two to four pretty finely and tolerably closely punctured,

fifth segment distinctly but more sparingly, sixth sparmely

punctured. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-

men has the posterior margin finely crenulate, but not

thickened, the crenulations on each side terminated by a

small and not distinct sharper tooth; the ventral plate

of the same segment has the posterior a less straight,

more rounded than in the female.

Very abundant in vegetable refuse matter all over the

kingdom. Hspecially fond of foul straw.

Obs.—Seeing the great confusion that exists as to the

synonymy of H. socialis, and the impossibility of deter-

mining with accuracy the exact species to which the

name of the older authors should be applied, I have

196 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

thought it better to adopt Kraatz’s name of trinotata.

Paykull’s Staphylinus socialis, may, or may not, be this

species, but it is certain from his description, that he

confounded more than one species together.

89. Homalota hybrida.

Nigro-picea, elytris pedibusque testaceis, ills circa

scutellum angulisque apicis obscure fuscis; antennis

apicem versus vix incrassatis; thorace transverso, basi

obsolete impresso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat

crebre punctatis. Long. 1$ lin.

Mas; antennis articulo penultimo quadrato, abdomine

segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato, haud crenulato.

This species is so closely allied to H. trinotata that it

will be sufficient to point out the characters which dis-

tinguish it. Its colour is not so well marked, the black

being pitchy, and the elytra obscure yellow, with the

markings indistinct. The antennz are of different struc-

ture, being rather more slender, even less thickened to-

wards the apex, and with the terminal joint longer. The

male characters are different; in that sex the penulti-

mate joint of the antennz is markedly longer than in the

female, about as long as broad; the seventh dorsal seg-

ment of the abdomen has the hind margin non-crenulate,

and the ventral plate of the same segment has the hind

margin less straight and more rounded than in the

female.

I have found this species only near Edinburgh.

Obs.—I have seen but three specimens (two ¢ and

one ?) of this species. The structure of its antenne

seems to me to be quite irreconcileable with the idea of

its being a variety of H. trinotata. Its shorter more

transverse thorax, and broader less parallel form, apart

from the ¢ characters, will readily distinguish it from

H. «anthopus. Perhaps it may be found mixed with long

series of H. trinotata, but I expect it will prove very

rare.

90. Homalota xanthopus.

Linearis, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibusque

testaceis; elytris circa scutellum angulisque apicis

British Species of Homualota. 197

fuscis; thorace transverso, basi plus minusve impresso ;

abdomine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,

5° parcius punctato, 6° levigato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et crenulato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine

posteriore obsoletissime emarginato.

H. wanthopus, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 96;

Atheta aanthopus, Th. Sk. Col. m. 77. H. sublinearis,

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 275; Wat. Cat.

This species, though narrower and more parallel than

its allies, is pretty near to H. trinotata and triangulum.

The antenne are moderately long and stout, very little

thickened towards the apex, the basal joint yellow, and

the two or three following ones more or less distinctly

so, the rest pitchy ; jomts two and three of nearly the

same length, four small, about as long as broad, five

broader than four, five to ten differmg but little from

one another, transverse but not strongly so, the last

jot moderately long and stout, about as long as the

two preceding together. The head is a little narrower

than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely and in-

distinctly punctured. The thorax is but slightly narrower

than the elytra, a third or fourth broader than long, the

sides a little rounded at the anterior angles, then nearly

straight and scarcely narrowed behind, finely and not

closely punctured, with a very obsolete impression in

front of the scutellum, and sometimes with a fine indis-

tinct channel. The elytra are about a third longer than

the thorax, yellow, with three tolerably distinct darker

triangular patches, one at the scutellum, and one on each

side near the outer angle; finely and pretty closely

punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, seg-

ments two to four rather sparingly punctured, fifth very

sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs

yellow.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal

segment has the apex truncate and crenulate; the ventral

plate of the same segment has also the posterior margin

more rounded than in the female.

Generally distributed in England, and in the south of

Scotland, but rare.

Obs.—This species in colour bears a resemblance to

H. eneicollis, but is smaller and narrower, and has shorter-

jointed antenne.

198 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

91. Homalota triangulum.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris testaceis, circa scutellum an-

gulisque apicis determinate nigris, pedibus fusco-testa-

ceis; thorace transverso; abdomine supra segmentis

2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 levigatis. Long. 14-13 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et crenulato.

Fem.; segmento 7° supra et infra margine posteriore

medio obsoletissime emarginato.

H., triangulum, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 273; Wat. Cat.

Allied to H. trinotata, but more parallel, with the

thorax more developed, the end joint of the antennz

longer, and the black triangular patch about the scutel-

lum larger and more distinct. The antennz are black,

moderately long and stout, shghtly thickened towards

the apex; jomts two and three of about equal length,

four scarcely broader than three, about as long as broad,

from this onwards very slightly thickened, and each joint

transverse, but not strongly so; eleventh joint long, more

than twice the length of the tenth. Head narrower than

the thorax, black, finely and indistinctly punctured.

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, about a third

broader than long, the sides gently rounded at the an-

terior angles, then nearly straight behind, pretty finely

and closely punctured, with a very indistinct impression

in front of the base in the middle. The elytra are more

than a third longer than the thorax, testaceous, with a

large, black, well-defined, triangular patch at the scutel-

lum, and with a black patch at each side, rather closely

and distinctly punctured. The abdomen is black and

shining, segments two to four sparingly punctured, fifth

segment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunc-

tate. Legs fusco-testaceous, the thighs darker than the

tibiee. ;

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

segment of the abdomen is truncate and crenulate, the

outer tooth on each side being rather the more distinct ;

the ventral plate is a little produced, and has the hind

margin rounded.

The female has the posterior margins of the same seg-

ment, both above and below, very indistinctly emarginate

in the middle.

British Species of Homalota. 199

Scarce. Croydon, Darenth, Chatham, Brighton.

It is remarkable that this species has two very distinct

habitats, viz., at the sap of trees, and under sea-weed on

the coasts; I have never found it except under these

conditions, and can find no difference whatever between

the specimens from these different localities. Kraatz

mentions it only as a coast species.

Obs.—This species is allied to H. xanthopus, but is

larger and broader, has the base of the antenne black,

and the triangular patches on the elytra much more dis-

tinctly marked.

92. Homalota fungicola.

Nigra, antice haud nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque

testaceis, elytris brunneis; thorace transverso; abdomine

segmentis 2-4 subtiliter vix crebre punctatis, 5° parce

punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. circiter 1} lin.

Mas ; antennis articulo 3° incrassato; abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali apice truncato, et crenulato; ventrali

producto, apicem versus paulo angustato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali haud producto,

apice lato, leviter rotundato.

H. fungicola, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p- 142 ;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 274; Atheta fungicola, Th. Sk. Col.

mi. 76. H. nigricornis, Wat. Cat. H. socialis, Er. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 102 (ex parte).

Rather flat, the fore parts dull, the antenne stoutish,

and the elytra brown; but a very variable and puzzling

species. The antenne are rather stout, two or three

basal joints yellowish, gradually thickened from the fourth

to the eighth jomt, but not after that; joint three dis-

tinctly longer than two, slender in the female, stout in

the male; four comparatively small, scarcely or not at

all broader than three, five considerably broader than

four, from this to the seventh or eighth each slightly

stouter than its predecessor, five to ten distinctly but

not strongly transverse; eleventh joint rather pointed,

about as long as the two preceding together. The head

is narrower than the thorax, broad and short, dullish,

finely and not closely punctured. The thorax is but little

narrower than the elytra, fully half as broad again as long,

200 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

the sides gently rounded in front, the disc flat, some-

times obscurely depressed, and channelled, rather dull,

pretty closely and distinctly punctured. The elytra are

brownish, about one-third longer than the thorax, pretty

thickly and finely punctured, rendered dullish by a soft

pretty close pubescence. ‘The abdomen is black and

shining, segments two to four rather finely and not

closely punctured, fifth segment sparingly punctured,

sixth impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antenne is much

stouter than in the female; the hind margin of the upper

plate of the seventh abdominal segment is truncate, and

finely crenulate, terminated on each side by a more dis-

tinct but small tubercle; the ventral plate of the same

segment is distinctly produced, and much narrower at

the apex than in the female. In the female, the ventral

plate of the seventh segment is broad at the posterior

margin, and gently rounded.

Abundant all over the country, especially in fungus in

the autumn.

Obs.—There are, I think, still two species confounded

under this; the female, in one, has the hind margin of

the ventral plate of the seventh segment, distinctly,

even deeply, excised; while, in the other, it 1s rounded

as described above; the species with the excision seems

to be much rarer than the other, and as I am unable to

point out other satisfactory characters to distinguish it,

I content myself at present, with calling attention to

this anomaly.

93. Homalota ignobilis.

Sat convexa, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedibus piceis;

thorace transverso; abdomine segmentis 2-4 distincte

haud crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere levi-

gato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato, .

et obsolete crenulato; ventrali apicem versus paulo an-

eustato, apice ipso rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine poster-

iore dense evidenter ciliato, medio sat profunde exciso.

Allied to H. fungicola ; compared with typical examples

of that species, a little larger, not so flat, with the front

British Species of Homalota. 201

parts not so dull, the base of the antenne dark, the head

narrower, and the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal

seoment differently formed in the female. ‘The antennz

are blackish, not thickened outwards after the sixth or

seventh joint, formed much as in fungicola, the fourth

joint small and transverse. The head is smaller than the

thorax, the vertex moderately convex, finely and indis-

tinctly punctured. The thorax is not quite so broad as

the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long, pretty close-

ly and distinctly punctured, the disc not flattened, some-

times with a fine indistinct channel. The elytra are of a

dark fuscous colour, about one-third longer than the

thorax, rather closely and finely punctured. Abdomen

with segments two to four pretty distinctly and rather

sparingly punctured, fifth segment sparingly punctured,

sixth almost impunctate. Thighs pitchy; tibie pitchy-

testaceous.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal

segment has the hind margin truncate, and finely crenu-

late, and is terminated on each side by a more distinct

but small tubercle, much as in H. fungicola, ; the ventral

plate of the seventh segment in the female, has the hind

margin fringed with closely-set parallel cilia, and is in

the middle distinctly, even rather deeply, excised.

Rare. I have taken it on one or two occasions at

Shirley near Croydon, in the autumn, and also near Hdin-

burgh. I have seen specimens from Germany.

Obs.—The cilia at the posterior margin of the seventh

segment (ventral plate) of the female, so conspicuous in

this species, are also to be found in 9 H. fungicola, but

are there so short, fine, and light coloured, as only to be

perceived with difficulty.

94. Homalota diversa.

Nigra, subdepressa, vix nitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus

testaceis ; antennis articulo 4° quadrato; thorace trans-

verso, basi plus minusve canaliculato; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis.

Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et subtiliter crenulato.

Allied to H. succicola, and perhaps confounded with it ;

not quite so shining, rather more depressed, with the

202 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

elytra darker coloured, and the antenne differently form-

ed, the fourth joint not being transverse, and only a little

narrower than the fifth, the following joints narrower,

and the terminal one much shorter than in swecicola, The

antennz are black, with the basal joint sometimes pitchy ;

moderately long, scarcely thickened towards the apex;

joint three shghtly longer than two, but little difference

between four and five, each about as long as broad, six

to ten each a little broader than long; eleventh joint

rather short, pomted, about half as long again as the

tenth. Head much narrower than the thorax, disc mo-

derately convex, generally with a small but distinct fovea,

finely and indistinctly punctured, not very shining. Tho-

rax a little narrower than the elytra, nearly half as broad

again as long’, gently rounded and depressed at the anterior

angles, the sides nearly straight behind; generally with a

distinct longitudinal channel, reaching from the base half

way to the front, this is sometimes, however, scarcely

to be seen; rather dull, pretty finely and not closely

punctured. Hlytra about a third longer than the thorax,

pitchy-brown, pretty closely and distinctly punctured.

Abdomen black and shining, segments two to four rather

finely and sparingly punctured, fifth segment very spar-

ingly punctured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs dark

yellow.

The male has the hind margin of the seventh dorsal

seoment of the abdomen truncate, and very finely crenu-

late, the truncate part terminated on each side by a rather

longer and more distinct projection.

I have a good series of this species taken at Rannoch

in Perthshire, and have besides found it at Thornhill, and

in Glen Almond, Perthshire.

Obs.—Though somewhat allied to H. succicola, it is, I

think, more correctly placed near fungicola, from which

its larger size, darker colour, less parallel form, and some-

what differently formed antenne, distinguish it.

95. Homalota boletobia.

Nigra, antennarum basi pedibus elytrisque testaceis,

his circa scutellum angulisque apicis infuscatis; thorace -

fortiter transverso, basi obsolete impresso; abdomine

supra segmentis 2-4 minus crebre punctatis, 5° parce

punctato. Long. 14 lin.

British Species of Homalota. 203

- Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

et obsolete obtuse quadridentato.

H. boletobia, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Férh. 1856, p. 96; Athe-

ta boletobia, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 78. H. nigritula, Ky. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 276; Wat. Cat.

A rather broad and short species. The antenne are

rather short, a little thickened towards the apex, pitchy,

with the two or three basal joints paler ; joint three scarce-

ly so long as two, four small, but little broader than three,

broader than long, five to ten distinctly and pretty strongly

transverse; eleventh joint moderately long, about half as

long again as the tenth. The head is broad and short,

narrower than the thorax, rather shining, finely and in-

distinctly punctured. The thorax is black or pitchy,

nearly as broad as the elytra, not quite twice as broad

as long, nearly straight in front, gently rounded at the

sides and base, with an indistinct impression or channel

in front of the scutellum, rather finely and not closely

punctured. The elytra are a third longer than the thorax,

pale yellow, darker about the scutellum, and at the sides

towards the apical angles, pretty finely and closely punc-

tured. The abdomen is black, or pitchy-black, sometimes

a little paler at the extremity ; segments two to four are

rather distinctly but not closely punctured, fifth segment

punctured at the base, almost smooth at the apex, sixth

almost impunctate. Legs pale yellow.

In the male, the posterior margin of the seventh seg-

ment of the abdomen is truncate, and a little thickened,

with four obtuse obsolete teeth; these teeth are rather

undulations of the margin, than to be ‘distinguished as

distinct projections.

' Not very common. In fungi in the South, in autumn.

Cbs.—Kraatz’s description of H. nigritula, as well as

specimens sent by him to the British Museum under

that name, are to be referred to this species. Its much

shorter broader form, shorter antennz, and paler elytra,

should prevent its being confounded with H. zanthopus.

96. Homalota nigritula.

Nigro-picea, vix nitida, subtiliter punctulata; thorace

transverso, piceo; antennis elytris pedibusque testaceis ;

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1869.—PparT mI. (JUNE). Q

204 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punc-

tatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apicem versus

utrinque linea longitudinali elevata, margine apicali

medio profunde semicirculariter exciso, excisionis mar-

gine evidenter incrassato.

Aleochara nigritula, Gyll. Ins. Suec. uu. 408; Atheta

nigritula, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 80. H. liturata, Wat. Cat.

Antenne rather short and stout, yellow; joints two

and three of about equal length, four to ten short, the

first of them rather, the last of them very transverse,

five a good deal broader than four; eleventh joint com-

paratively long, quite as long as the two preceding to-

gether. The head is narrower than the thorax, black,

dull, narrower behind the eyes, which are rather promi-

nent, finely and indistinctly punctured; palpi yellow.

Thorax nearly as broad as the elytra, strongly transverse,

twice as broad as long, pitchy or pitchy-red, finely and

rather closely punctured, sometimes with an indistinct

longitudinal channel. Elytra pale yellow, sometimes a

little darker about the scutellum, about half as long again

as the thorax, finely and densely punctured. Abdomen

pitchy-black, segments two to four finely but not very

closely punctured, fifth and sixth segments almost im-

punctate. Legs pale yellow.

The male has, in the middle of the hind margin of the

dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal segment, a deep

semicircular incision, the margin of which is thickened

all the way round; outside this on each side is a thick-

ened raised line terminating in a slight projection at

each outer angle.

Taken in abundance in fungi in the Fens, Cambridge,

by Mr. Crotch.

Obs.—The smaller size, pale antennze with shorter

joints, &c., distinguish this species from H. boletobia,

with which it appears to have been confounded by

Kraatz. It might almost be naturally placed in the next

section.

97. Homalota coriaria.

Nigra, nitida, elytris fuscis, antennarum basi pedibus-

que obscure testaceis; thorace fortiter transverso; abdo-

la i i

British Species of Homalota. 205

mine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,

5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; thorace disco impresso; abdomine segmento 7°

dorsali margine apicali utrinque denticulo prominulo

terminato, et medio leviter emarginato.

HH. coriaria, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 282; Wat. Cat.

Not very closely allied to any other species; rather

broad and convex. The antenne are moderately stout,

rather short, a little thickened towards the apex, blackish,

with the two or three basal joints paler; joints two and

three rather short, of about equal length, four small,

about as broad as three, not quite so long as broad, five

broader than four, from this to the tenth transverse, but

not strongly so; eleventh joint moderately stout, about

as long as the two preceding together. The head is

rather broad, but considerably narrower than the thorax

and elytra, black and shining, finely and indistinctly

punctured, rounded behind the eyes. Thorax strongly

transverse, its breadth twice its length, a little narrower

than the elytra, the sides gently rounded, rather narrower

at the anterior than at the posterior angles, extremely

finely punctured and pubescent; in the female with a

small fovea in front of the scutellum, in the male with a

more or less distinct large impression on the middle.

The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, of

an obscure brownish colour, finely and closely punctured.

The abdomen is black and shining, segments two to four

rather sparingly punctured, fifth segment very sparingly

and finely punctured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs

pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the thorax is impressed on the disc; and

the seventh segment of the abdomen has a small notch

in the middle of the hind margin, and the lateral margin

on each side is produced into a small sharp tooth, be-

tween which and the central notch can generally be seen

one or more indistinct smaller teeth, which, however,

are sometimes quite absent.

Not common. In cut grass, &c. Thornhill, and near

London.

98. Homalota sodalis.

Convexa, nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-brunneis, an-

tennis piceis, basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis; thorace

Q 2

206 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

transverso, basi indistincte impresso, elytris angustiore ;

his dense sat fortiter punctatis; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-4 haud crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis.

Long. 14 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angulatim

emarginato, ventrali apicem versus angustato.

H. sodalis, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 328; Gen. et. Spec.

Staph. 104; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 279; Wat. Cat. ;

Atheta sodalis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 84.

Antenne moderately stout, thickened towards the

apex, pitchy in colour, paler at the base; jomt two

shghtly longer than three, four to ten each slightly broader

than its predecessor, four about as long as broad, five a lit-

tle transverse, the following ones gradually more distinctly

so; eleventh joint nearly as long as the two preceding

together. The head is rather small, narrower than the

thorax, much narrower than the elytra, black and shining,

finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax narrower than

the elytra, a third broader than long, rather narrower at

the anterior than at the posterior angles, its punctuation

neither fine nor close; in front of the scutellum is a broad

obsolete impression, sometimes appearing double. The

elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, of a

brownish or blackish colour, densely and rather strongly

punctured and pubescent. The abdomen is black and

shining, segments two to four distinctly but not densely

punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs red-

dish-yellow.

The male has the hind margin of the upper plate of

the seventh abdominal segment distinctly excised, the

margin of the excision is scarcely visibly thickened ; the

ventral plate of the same segment is very narrow towards

the apex, but the apex itself is not pointed.

Not uncommon in fungi in the summer. . Abundant

near Kdinburgh.

Obs.—This species varies in the colour of its antennse

and elytra. It is not very closely allied to any of our

other species, but H. humeralis, Kr., found in Germany

and Sweden, is very near it.

99. Homalota gagatina.

Convexiuscula, antice et postice subangustata, nigra,

elytris fuscis, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis; an-

British Species of Homalota. 207

tennis articulis 7-10 minus evidenter transversis; thorace

transverso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis,

5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 1} lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,

dentibus intermediis obtusis.

H. gagatina, Baudi, Stud. Ent. 119 (1848). H. com-

pressicollis, Th. Sk. Col. mi. 85. H. variabilis, Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 284; Wat. Cat.

Somewhat resembling the species of the H. fungi group,

the head bemg narrow in proportion to the thorax, and

the abdomen somewhat narrowed behind. It is rather

convex, and but little shining, owing to a tolerably evi-

dent pubescence. The antennz are moderately slender,

a little thickened towards the apex, pitchy-black, with

the two or three basal joints more or less distinctly yel-

low; jomts two and three of nearly equal length, only

moderately long, from the fourth onwards each joint is

slightly stouter, four to six each about as long as broad,

seven to ten slightly transverse; eleventh joint about as

long as the two preceding together. The head is mode-

rately broad, much narrower than the thorax, scarcely

shining, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is

a little narrower than the elytra, about half as broad again

as long, the sides gently rounded, narrower at the an-

terior than at the posterior angles, finely and pretty close-

ly punctured, and with a very indistinct impression in

front of the scutellum. The elytra are nearly a third

longer than the thorax; of a brownish or pitchy-brown

colour, finely and closely punctured. The abdomen is

black, shining towards the extremity, which is sometimes

paler; segments two to four distinctly and moderately

closely punctured, fifth segment finely and sparingly

punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellow, some-

times infuscate.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four teeth,

the two central ones are only separated by a shallow

notch, and are broad and blunt, the outer ones do not

reach quite so far back as the middle ones, and are nar-

rower and sharper.

Generally distributed and not rare. In fungi or dead

leaves. London, Inverness-shire, &c.

Obs.—This species is a troublesome one to recognize ;

the male characters distinguish that sex readily enough,

208 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

but the female might be confounded with H. subsinuata

or fungicola, though distinct enough from either. It

varies a good deal in colour, and northern specimens ap-

pear to be larger and darker than those found near

London.

100. Homalota divisa.

Subdepressa, antice subopaca, nigra, antennarum basi

elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis; antennis articulo ul-

timo elongato ; thorace transverso, basi canaliculato; ab-

domine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punc-

tatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long.

1+ hn.

Mas; capite prothoraceque late et profunde canali-

culatis; segmento abdomine 7° dorsali margine pos-

teriore incrassato, vix emarginato, angulo externo pro-

minulo,

H. divisa, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 213; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.

11, 279; Wat. Cat. Atheta aridula, Th. Sk. Col. im. 75.

A rather broad, flat species. Antenne rather slender,

scarcely thickened towards the apex; joints two and three

rather short, three not quite so long as two, four rather

small, about as long as broad, the following joints slightly

transverse; eleventh joint long m proportion to the rest

of the antennz, about three times as long as the tenth.

The head is narrower than the thorax, subquadrate, with

the angles rounded, finely and- indistinctly punctured ;

in the male with a deep longitudinal impression or chan-

nel, in the female generally with a short channel, but

sometimes without any trace of this. The thorax is a

little narrower than the elytra, about half as broad again

as long, the sides a little rounded at the anterior angles,

then a little narrowed behind, finely and closely punc-

tured ; in the female with a short channel in front of the

scutellum, in the male with the disc longitudinally de-

pressed and channelled. The elytra are about a third

longer than the thorax, of a brownish colour, finely and

pretty densely punctured. The abdomen has the basal

segments, two to four, finely and moderately closely punc-

tured, fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth

nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the head and thorax are deeply inp,

the abdomen has the dorsal plate of the seventh segment

British Species of Homalota. 209

with a thickened posterior margin, and the sides also

towards the apex elevated, the outer angles project a

little, so as to give the hind margin a slightly concave

appearance.

In moss in wet places, generally distributed in England

and Scotland, but nowhere common.

Obs.—The comparatively elongate terminal joint of the

antennz in this species, is its most notable character.

101. Homalota nigricornis.

Subdepressa, crebre subtiliter punctata, subopaca,

nigra, antennis elytrisque nigro-fuscis, pedibus fusco-

testaceis; thorace transverso; abdomine supra segmentis

2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato,

6° fere leevigato. Long. 14 lin.

Mas ; capite prothoraceque disco impressis ; abdomine

segmento 7° dorsali apice late indistincte emarginato.

H. nigricornis, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Férh. 1852, p. 142;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 281; Atheta nigricornis, Th. Sk. Col.

ni. 86.

Allied to H. divisa, but readily distinguished by its

darker elytra, and the shorter terminal joint of the an-

tenne. The antenne are moderately long, slightly thick-

ened towards the apex, pitchy-black, the basal joint pitchy ;

joints two and three moderately long, of about equal

length, four rather small, about as broad as three, and

about as long as broad, five rather stouter than four,

shg¢htly transverse, six to ten transverse, the first of them

indistinctly, the last of them distinctly so; eleventh joint

nearly twice as long as the tenth. The head is black,

narrower than the thorax, finely and indistinctly punc-

tured ; in the male the disc is more or less depressed.

The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about half

as broad again as long, the sides a little rounded in front,

then scarcely narrowed behind, finely and closely punc-

tured; in the male the disc has a broad impression, and

in the female there is sometimes a short channel in front

of the scutellum. ‘The elytra are fully a third longer than

the thorax, black or pitchy-black, finely and closely

punctured. The abdomen is black, segments two to four

finely and moderately densely punctured, fifth segment

very sparingly and finely punctured, sixth nearly im-

punctate. Legs pitchy-yellow, the femora being darker

than the tibie.

210 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the male, besides the impressions on the head and

thorax, the posterior margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment, is slightly excavated.

Found both in England and Scotland, but not abundant ;

at the sap of trees, and in vegetable refuse.

Obs.—I have not thought it necessary to adopt the

name of H. Thomsoni which has been proposed for this

species, as Stephens’ description of Aleochara nigricornis

may be considered for all practical purposes as not exist-

ing, and cannot therefore require the suppression of

Thomson’s H. nigricornis.

102. Homalota angusticollis.

Nigra, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus fuscis; thorace

subquadrato, basi canaliculato; elytris hoc sesqui longi-

oribus; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce subtiliter

punctatis, 5 et 6 fere levigatis. Long. 1} ln.

Mas; antennis articulis haud vel vix transversis; ab-

domine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsoletissime emargi-

nato.

Fem.; antennis articulis 7-10 leviter transversis; ab-

domine segmento 7° dorsali apice rotundato.

H. angusticollis, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 100;

Atheta angusticollis, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 87.

A dark-coloured, rather narrow and elongate species,

with the thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, and

scarcely transverse; head, thorax and elytra rather dull.

The antenne are black, rather long, scarcely thickened

towards the apex; joints two and three of about equal

length, four rather small, about as wide as three, and

about as long as broad, joints five and six each about as

long as broad, seven to ten, in the male nearly or quite

as long as broad, in the female transverse, but not strong-

ly so; last joint nearly twice as long as the tenth. The

head is scarcely narrower than the thorax, rather long,

the sides straight behind the eyes, then rounded at the

posterior angles, finely and indistinctly punctured, but

scarcely shining; convex above in the female, flattened

and sometimes indistinctly impressed in the male. The

thorax is considerably narrower than the elytra, a fourth

broader than long, slightly narrowed behind, finely and

not densely punctured, and not shining, with a short long-

British Species of Homalota. 211

itudinal channel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are

about half as long again as the thorax, obscurely brown-

ish or brownish-black or nearly black, finely and pretty

closely punctured, but little shining. The abdomen is

black and shining, segments two to four finely and spar-

ingly punctured, fifth segment very sparingly punctured,

sixth nearly impunctate. The legs are pitchy-testaceous,

the thighs generally darker than the tibie.

In the male, the penultimate joints of the antenne are

longer than in the female, the upper surface of the head

is flatter, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is obsoletely emarginate, and

the ventral plate of the same segment is narrower and

rather longer than in the female, and its hind margin is

more rounded.

Not uncommon in fungi, vegetable refuse, &c., in

Scotland; Thornhill, Edinburgh, Rannoch, Inverness-

shire. In England, I have only found it near Croydon.

Obs.—My specimens agree entirely with a specimen of

H. angusticollis, sent by Thomson to Mr. Crotch. The

species has been generally supposed to be synonymous

with H. ravilla, Er., Kr., but Thomson, in the 9th vol. of

Sk. Col., recognizes H. ravilla and angusticollis as dis-

tinct species, both occurring in Sweden; and states that

the much longer terminal joint of the antenne of H.

ravilla distinguishes it from angusticollis. An example

of H. ravilla, sent by Kraatz to the British Museum,

when compared with my specimens of angusticollis, shows

this distinction in a very marked manner; and among a

long series of H. angusticollis, taken by me in different

parts of Scotland, I find no variation in the length of

the last joint of the antenne.

103. Homalota palustris.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris obscure brunneis, pedibus

testaceis; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine

segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce

punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 1-1 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice emarginato,

ventrali producto, apicem versus vix angustato.

H. palustris, Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. v. 318; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 8309; Wat. Cat. Atheta brunnipes, Th. Sk.

Col. ii. 72.

212 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Antennze moderately slender, scarcely thickened to-

wards the apex, pitchy or pitchy-black, the base some-

times indistinctly paler; jomt three not quite so long as

two, four rather smaller than five, each of them about as

long as broad, six to ten each a little broader than long ;

eleventh joint about twice as long as the preceding one.

The head is shghtly narrower than the thorax, black and

shining, very finely and indistinctly punctured. The

thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about a third

broader than long, the sides a little rounded at the an-

terior angles, then nearly straight behind ; it is black and

shining, very finely and not closely punctured, its pubes-

cence is extremely fine. The elytra are about a third

longer than the thorax, brownish, often nearly black,

finely and closely punctured. The abdomen is black and

shining, segments two to four are finely and moderately

closely punctured, fifth very finely and sparimgly punc-

tured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs rather dirty

yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is distinctly emarginate ; the

ventral plate of the same segment is considerably pro-

duced, but little narrowed towards the hind margin,

which is nearly straight, with the angles rounded.

Moderately common all over the country.

Obs.—This species is readily distinguished from H.

angusticollis by its more shining head and thorax, the

latter of which is broader, and by its shorter elytra. Its

most marked character is the formation of the upper and

under plates of the seventh segment in the male.

104. Homalota corvina.

Linearis, nigra, elytris nigro-piceis, pedibus fuscis ;

antennis articulo penultimo preecedente longiore; thorace

transversim subquadrato, basin versus subangustato, ely-

tris angustiore; his thorace sesqui longioribus ; abdomine

basi parce punctato, apice levigato. Long. vix | lin.

Mas; capite profunde canaliculato, thorace medio late

foveolato, abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete

truncato.

H. corvina, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 101;

Atheta corvina, Th. Sk. Col. iti. 88. H. lepida, Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 1. 309.

British Species of Homalota. 213

A small dark-coloured species, with large head, and

the thorax narrower than the elytra. Antenne black,

the basal joint pitchy, a little thickened towards the apex ;

first joint stout in proportion to the others, three not so

long as two, four smaller than any of the others, five to

nine distinctly transverse, ten notably longer and less

transverse than nine; eleventh joint rather short and

stout, about half as long again as the tenth. The head

is scarcely narrower than the thorax, rather long, with

the eyes prominent; in the male with a deep longitudinal

channel, extending the whole length, in the female with ©

a short impression in the middle behind the antenne.

The thorax is considerably narrower than the elytra,

scarcely a third broader than long, a little narrowed

behind, finely but somewhat roughly and pretty closely

punctured ; in the male with a large fovea in the middle,

in the female with an indistinct impression or channel in

front of the scutellum. The elytra are black or pitchy-

black, long in proportion to their breadth, half as long

again as the thorax, finely and pretty closely punctured.

Abdomen black and shining, segments two to four spar-

ingly punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs

pitchy or pitchy-testaceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antenne is stouter

than in the female, the head and thorax are more dis-

tinctly impressed, the seventh abdominal segment is

narrower than in the female, and the apex of its dorsal

plate a little truncate.

In fungi and vegetable refuse, not common. Brocken-

hurst, Edinburgh, Thornhill.

Obs.—I think, from descriptions, that H. corvina, Th.,

is pretty certainly identical with H. lepida, Kr. Kraatz

truly says, that fresh specimens of this species appear

more strongly punctured than old ones.

105. Homalota puberula.

Subdepressa, parallela, nigro-picea, nitidula, elytris

fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis; capite thorace elytrisque

parce subtilissime punctatis, et tenuissime pubescenti-

bus; thorace transverso, elytris hoc sesqui longioribus ;

ema basi parce punctato, apice fere levigato. Long.

in.

214 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

_ Mas; thorace medio profunde impresso; abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali apice truncato et crenulato, ventrali

producto, apice late rotundato.

Allied to H. corvina, and about the size of that species,

but more parallel, with broader thorax, and the anterior

parts of the body much more finely and sparingly punc-

tured. Antenne black, a little thickened towards the

apex; jomt three shorter than two, four to ten each

slightly broader than its predecessor, and each a little

broader than long, and a little narrowed towards the base ;

eleventh joint moderately stout and pointed, not twice

the length of the tenth. Head distinctly narrower than

the thorax, rather broad, eyes moderately prominent, the

disc flat and shining, and slightly channelled in the male.

The thorax is black and shining, very nearly as broad as

the elytra, more than half as broad again as long, scarce-

ly narrowed behind, very finely and sparingly punctured,

the disc in the male with a large deep impression. The

elytra are pitchy, fully half as long again as the thorax,

finely and sparingly punctured, and with very fine pubes-

cence. The abdomen is black and shining, its pubes-

cence rather more distinct than that of the fore parts of

the body, the basal segments are sparingly punctured,

the apical ones nearly impunctate. The legs are dirty

yellow.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment has the

dorsal plate with the apex broad and truncate, and cre-

nulate, the ventral plate is distinctly produced, its hind

margin broad and rounded.

Very rare; taken by Dr. Power, and by myself at

Mickleham, in the month of September.

106. Homalota atomaria.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel nigris vel fuscis, pedibus

piceo-testaceis, omnium parce subtilissime punctata ten-

uissimeque pubescens; thorace transverso, basi indis-

tincte foveolato; abdomine supra vage punctato, fere

levigato. Long. 3 lin.

H. atomaria, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 254; H. minuscula,

Bris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1859, p. ccxviil.

A very small, black and shining species, with scarcely

visible punctuation or pubescence. The antenne are

British Species of Wesicileis: 215

black, the base sometimes indistinctly pitchy, a little

thickened towards the apex; joint three shorter and

more slender than two, narrowed towards the base, four

to ten transverse; eleventh joint nearly twice as long

as the tenth. The head is a little narrower than the tho-

rax, black, shining, and impunctate. The thorax is but

little narrower than the elytra, about a third broader than

long, shining, extremely finely and sparingly punctured,

with a small, very indistinct impression in front of the

scutellum. The elytra are black, or pitchy, a third longer

than the thorax, extremely sparingly and finely punc-

tured, and with a very sparing and delicate pubescence.

The abdomen is black and shining, very sparingly punc-

tured. The legs are pitchy.

The male is scarcely to be distinguished from the

female, except by the considerably narrower abdominal

segment.

Rare. I have found it in heaps of cut grass at Thorn-

hill, and have seen it also in Mr. Waterhouse’s and other

collections.

Obs.—I have identified this species by comparison with

the types of H. minuscula, Bris. Kraatz has himself

declared the identity of M. Brisout’s minuscula with his

atomaria.

107. Homalota perexiqua.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus piceo-

testaceis, omnium parce subtilissime punctata tenuis-

simeque pubescens; thorace transversim subquadrato,

elytris angustiore; abdomine supra fere levigato. Long.

4 lin.

Closely allied to H. atomaria, but still smaller and more

fragile, the thorax less transverse and narrower than

the elytra, the antenne notably thinner, though simi-

larly formed, so that the intermediate joints are less

transverse.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment is nar-

rower than in the female, its ventral plate is narrow, a

little produced, and with the hind margin rounded.

Very rare. I have found it on one or two occasions

near London, and have seen specimens in several col-

lections.

216 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Section F.

Group XVI. Large, or not very small species; the

penultimate joints of the antenne very strongly transverse.

(Species 108—115).

The species herein contained constitute a tolerably

natural assemblage, though there is a great diversity of

colour and size. The male characters of all the species

are well marked and unmistakeable. H. cinnamomea,

and hospita occur only among the burrows of Cossus lig-

niperda; they might naturally be separated from the

others as a distinct group, except that no practical advan-

tage would result from this. H. oblita occurs gregariously

in fungi in the autumn. The other species are all rare,

and little is known of their habits.

108. Homalota cinnamomea.

Lata, brunneo-testacea, antice vix nitida, subtiliter

punctata; abdomine nigricante, vix punctato; thorace

fortiter transverso. Long. 2-2} lin.

Mas; a. elytrorum sutura basi evidenter carinata ele-

vata ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio ante apicem

longitudinaliter elevato, apice triangulariter producto,

medioque obsolete inciso, utrinque spino minore acuto

subcurvato.

8. elytrorum sutura basi vix elevata; abdomine seg-

mento 7° medio obsolete longitudinaliter elevato ; cetera

ut in a.

Aleochara cinnamomea, Grav. Micr. 88; H. cinnamomea,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 127; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 289;

Wat. Cat.; Thamiarea cinnamomea, Th. Sk. Col. i. 60.

One of the largest and finest species of the genus, and

perhaps resembling in appearance rather a Myrmedonia

or an Aleochara. Itis broad, and robustly formed, a little

narrowed both before and behind, of a cinnamon-brown

colour, with the abdomen black, or pitchy-black. The

antennz are pitchy in colour, testaceous at the base,

stout and rather short, increasing in thickness from the

third to the seventh or eighth joint; joint three consider-

ably longer than two, four comparatively small, nearly as

long as broad, five considerably broader than four, five

to ten strongly transverse; eleventh joint large, pomted,

British Species of Homalota. 217

as long as the two preceding together. Head broad and

short, but much narrower than the thorax, rounded and

narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and promi-

nent; finely and not closely punctured. The thorax is

somewhat narrower than the elytra, its breadth twice its

length, gently rounded at the sides, a little narrower at

the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely and mo-

derately closely punctured, sometimes with an obsolete

channel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are about

a third longer than the thorax, a little darkened in colour

towards the apical angles, finely and pretty closely punc-

tured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal seg-

ment finely and sparingly punctured, the others impunc-

tate; the hind margins of the segments often brownish.

The legs are yellow, or reddish-yellow.

The male characters are very peculiar, and not easy to

describe ; the suture of the elytra is elevated at the base

into a distinct carina, terminating abruptly at the scutel-

lum; the seventh segment of the abdomen, is raised in

the middle to a sort of carina, the lateral margin projects

on each side, as a short pointed, rather curved spine,

between these two spines the middle part of the hind

margin is much produced, and the apex in the middle has

a small notch. A form of the male occurs, however, in

which the elevation of the suture, and the carina-like

elevation of the seventh segment, are scarcely to be seen.

Pretty common ; lives in the burrows of the goat moth,

especially in oak and elm trees in England.

Obs.—The abdomen of this species is undoubtedly

somewhat narrowed towards the apex.

109. Homalota hospita.

Brunnea, haud nitida, abdomine piceo-nigro; thorace

fortiter transverso, subtiliter canaliculato; abdomine

Supra segmentis 2-4 crebre punctatis, 5° parce punc-

tato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio acu-

minato, obsolete bituberculato, margine laterali obsolete

producto.

H. hospita, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 216; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 290; Wat. Cat.; Thamiarea hospita, Th.

Sk. Col. iii. 60.

218 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

This species resembles H. cinnamomea in colour, but

is easily distinguished by its smaller size and punctured

abdomen. The antennez are stout, a little longer than

the head and thorax, yellowish, a little thickened towards

the apex; joint three longer than two, four about as

stout as three, about as long as broad, five to ten each a

little broader than its predecessor, five slightly, ten dis-

tinctly, transverse; eleventh joint stout, as long as the

two preceding together. Head broad, but considerably

narrower than the thorax, with the eyes rather large and

prominent, moderately finely and pretty closely punc-

tured. The thorax is nearly of the breadth of the elytra,

its breadth about twice its length, the sides gently

rounded, finely and closely punctured, with an indistinct

longitudinal channel in the middle. The elytra are a

little longer than the thorax, pretty finely and closely

punctured. The abdomen is blackish, with the base and

apex, and the margins of the segments more or less red-

dish ; segments two to four are evenly and pretty closely

and finely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-

tured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment has, on

the upper side before the apex, an ill-defined indistinct

elevation, the apex is produced in the middle, in the

form of two teeth close to one another, and not very

distinct, the hind margin is also again somewhat pro-

duced on each side.

This species is found in company with H. cmnamomea,

at Oossus-infested trees. In Germany, however, it

appears to have been found among Formica fuliginosa ;

perhaps, as is often the case, the tree may have been

attacked by the Cossus, as well as tenanted by ants.

110. Homalota scapularis.

Convexiuscula, rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque ante

apicem nigricantibus ; thorace transverso, apicem versus

angustato; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre minus

subtiliter punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato.

Long. 14-14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,

dentibus intermediis obtusis.

Aleochara scapularis, Sahl. Ins..Fenn. i. 372; H. sca-

pularis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 292; Wat. Cat.; Alaobia

scapularis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 400. H. ochracea, Er. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 104.

British Species of Homalota. 219

A reddish-yellow species, the head and fourth and fifth

abdominal segments blackish; with comparatively small

head, and with the punctuation and pubescence of the sur-

face distinct and well marked. The antenne are reddish-

yellow at the base, infuscate towards the apex, they are

moderately stout, joint three a little longer than two, four

not broader than three, nearly as long as broad, five dis-

tinctly broader than four, five to ten transverse, but not

strongly so; eleventh joint about as long as the two pre-

ceding. The head is roundish, much narrower than the

thorax, rather finely and moderately closely punctured,

with the eyes rather prominent. The thorax is convex,

narrower than the elytra, its breadth nearly twice its

length, narrower at the anterior than at the posterior

angles, the anterior angles rounded and depressed, close-

ly and moderately finely punctured, and with a distinct

pubescence. The elytra are about a third longer than

the thorax, closely and rather strongly punctured, with

a distinct pubescence. The abdomen is yellowish-red,

with the fourth and fifth segments darker; segments two

to four are rather strongly and pretty closely punctured,

fifth segment more sparingly but distinctly punctured,

sixth nearly impunctate ; pubescence rather coarse. Legs

yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is armed with four teeth, the

middle ones are stout, short and rounded, the outer ones

project rather more backwards, are slender and pointed.

Scarce ; but occurs sparingly in several localities about

London, and has been found, not uncommonly, at Monk’s

Wood, by Mr. Crotch; Weybridge, Mickleham, Croydon.

111. Homalota subterranea.

Linearis, sat nitida, rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque

plus minusve nigricantibus, subtiliter punctata, antennis

validis, basi pedibusque testaceis; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-5 parce punctatis, 6° fere levigato. Long. 14

hin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,

dentibus validis.

__ H. subterranea, Muls. Opusce. ii. 40; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.

n. 291; Wat. Cat.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1869.—pParT 111. (JUNE). R

220 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

A parallel, prettily coloured, rather convex species,

with very stout antenne; the anterior parts with fine

punctuation and pubescence. The antenne are short and

very stout, pitchy, paler at the base, gradually thickened

from the fourth to the tenth joint; joint three short and

stout, triangular, shg¢htly shorter than two, four to ten

each a little broader than its predecessor, five to ten

strongly transverse, and each narrowed towards the base ;

eleventh joint pointed, about twice as long as the tenth.

The head is rather large, nearly as broad as the thorax,

blackish, finely and indistinctly punctured; the eyes not

prominent. ‘The thorax is more than half as broad again

as long, but little narrower than the elytra, reddish-brown,

finely and moderately closely punctured. The elytra are

about a third longer than the thorax, yellowish-red, finely

and moderately closely punctured. The abdomen is

shining, pitchy-black, the apex yellowish-red, the base

reddish or pitchy-red; segments two to five finely and

sparingly punctured, sixth segment nearly impunctate.

Legs yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four stout

teeth of nearly equal length, the two middle ones are

stout rounded projecting tubercles, the outer ones, also

rather stout, are more pointed.

I have seen only two British specimens of this species,

one taken by Mr. Crotch, at Beauly in Inverness-shire,

the other by Mr. Hislop at Forres; it is to be found

amongst moss and dead leaves.

112. Homalota dilaticornis.

Obscure rufa, capite abdomineque nigricantibus, an-

tennis elytroramque angulo apicali fuscis, antennarum

basi pedibusque testaceis ; antennis validis; thorace trans-

verso; abdomine segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6°

fere levigatis. Long. 1} lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine apicali

producto, medio indistincte emarginato, ante apicem tu-

berculis duobus elevatis, margine laterali utrinque in

spina tenui producto.

HH. dilaticornis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 293.

Rather smaller and less robustly formed than H. subter-

ranea, and with a much smaller head ; of a reddish colour,

British Species of Homalota. 221

finely punctured and delicately pubescent, with the head,

abdomen, and sides of the elytra towards the hinder angles,

darker. The antenne are short and stout, considerably

thickened from the fourth to the seventh joint; joints

two and three very nearly of equal length, four small but

transverse, five considerably broader than four, it and the

following strongly transverse; eleventh joint pointed, as

long as the two preceding. The head is pitchy, con-

siderably narrower than the thorax, narrowed behind the

eyes, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is

rather narrower than the elytra, its breadth about twice

its length, narrower at the anterior angles than at the

base, very finely and moderately closely punctured. The

elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, reddish,

infuscate towards the apical angles, finely and pretty

closely punctured. The abdomen is shining, pitchy-black,

obscurely paler at the base and apex; segments two to

four finely and sparingly punctured, five and six nearly

smooth. Legs yellow.

The male characters are very peculiar, but not easy to

describe. The seventh abdominal segment has the dor-

sal plate in the middle a little produced behind, and the

middle of its hind margin presents a shallow notch, the

margin of which is a little thickened; a little before the

hind margin, and close to the outside, is to be seen on each

side a distinct raised tubercle; moreover the lateral mar-

gin of this segment, is, on each side, produced behind,

into a very slender and very indistinct spine, not reaching

so far back as the produced middle part of the segment.

Very rare. Ihave seen only a few specimens, all of

which have been taken by Dr. Power, in the neighbour-

hood of London,

113. Homalota testaceipes.

Subdepressa, nitida, subtiliter punctata et tenuiter

pubescens, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibusque

testaceis ; antennis validis; thorace transverso, equali;

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter parce punctatis,

5° et 6° fere levigatis. Long. 1} lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore

4-dentato, dentibus elongatis, acutis.

Hi. testaceipes, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 327. H. brevicollis,

Bandi, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 1060. A. varicornis, Kr. |.

R 2

222 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

c. 292. H. Saundersi, Rye, Ent. Month. Mag. im. 121

(1866).

Comparatively broader and flatter than H. subterranea

and dilaticornis, and darker in colour. The antennz are

short and very stout, blackish, obscurely paler at the base ;

joint three nearly as long as two, four small but trans-

verse, about as broad as three, five much broader than

four, from this to the tenth each joint is very broad and

transverse ; the eleventh joint is pointed, about the length

of the two preceding. ‘The head is a little narrower than

the thorax, but broad, black and shining, very finely punc-

tured. The thorax is but little narrower than the elytra,

its breadth about twice its length, the sides evenly round-

ed, scarcely narrower at the anterior than at the posterior

angles, closely and very finely punctured. The elytra

are testaceous or fusco-testaceous, the lateral margins

a little darker, fully one-third longer than the thorax,

finely and pretty closely punctured, with a delicate but

distinct pubescence. The abdomen is black and shining ;

segments two to four sparingly and finely punctured,

fifth segment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly im-

punctate. Legs yellow.

The male characters are peculiar. The hind margin

of the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal segment is

furnished with four very distinct teeth; of these, the two

middle ones are near one another, and appear as two pro-

duced elongate tubercles, the apex of each of which is a

little flattened and somewhat curved inwards, the outer

teeth are long, slender, pointed, and a little curved in-

wards, and project backwards further than the central

ones.

This species has as yet been found, in this country, only

in the neighbourhood of London. There is a fine series

of it in Dr. Power’s collection, varying somewhat in size,

and a little in the colour of the elytra.

Obs.—There are in the British Museum specimens of

H. brevicollis, sent by Kraatz; they agree with the exam-

ples described above.

114. Homalota oblita.

Nigra, hand nitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testa-

ceis; thorace transverso, medio canaliculato; abdomine

British Species of Homalota. 223

supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punc-

tato, 6° fere levigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,

dentibus intermediis obtusis, rotundatis, lateralibus tenui-

bus, introrsum curvatis.

H. oblita, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 113; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 294; Wat. Cat.

A rather small, obscure species, with short stout an-

tenne. The antenne are blackish, sometimes obscurely

paler at the base, thickened from the third to the sixth

joint, but scarcely after that; joints two and three of

about equal length, four considerably broader than three,

but narrower than five, distinctly transverse, five to ten

strongly transverse; eleventh joint about as long as the

two preceding. The head is broad, narrower than the

thorax, black and dull, pretty closely but very finely and

indistinctly punctured. The thorax is but little narrower

than the elytra, its breadth fully half as great agai as

its length, the sides gently rounded in front, scarcely

narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,

very finely and closely punctured, and delicately pubes-

cent, with a moderately distinct longitudinal channel in

the middle. The elytra are fully one-third longer than

the thorax, sometimes obscurely brown in colour, some-

times nearly black, finely and closely punctured. The

abdomen is black, segments two to four distinctly and mo-

derately closely punctured, fifth segment sparingly and

finely punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. The pubes-

cence of the abdomen is more distinct than that of the

anterior parts. The legs are testaceous, more or less

dusky.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal

segment has, in the middle, two stout rounded tubercles

projecting backwards, these tubercles are united at their

. base, but separated at the apex by a slight notch; be-

sides this, on each side is to be seen a rather longer,

slender, pointed spine, curved inwards.

Local; but often to be found abundantly in August

and September, in fungi. Cambridge, New Forest,

Malvern, Shirley, &c.

Obs.—Specimens of this species occur, with rather

brighter-coloured elytra and legs than in the type, and

in such cases are often more shining and smaller.

224 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

115. Homalota autumnalis.

Fusco-nigra, sat nitida, parce tenuiter pubescens, an-

tennarum basi pedibusque testaceis ; thorace transverso,

medio canaliculato; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce

distinctius punctatis, 5° et 6° fere levigatis. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; capite subtiliter canaliculato; abdomine seg-

mento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato, dentibus intermediis

obtusis, approximatis, fere conjunctis, externis acumi-

natis.

H. autumnalis, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 113; Ky. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 283.

A small, rather broad species, sparingly punctured

and pubescent, and yet but little shining, from the fact

that the surface between the punctures is very finely

coriaceous. The antennz are short and moderately

stout, considerably thickened from the third joint to the

apex, pitchy in colour, with the three basal joints yellow-

ish; joint three more slender than two, but nearly as

long, four small, about the width of three, nearly as

long as broad, five to ten transverse, the first of them

shghtly, the last of them rather strongly so; eleventh

joint stout, as long as the two preceding. Head rather

narrower than the thorax, broad, very indistinctly punc-

tured, the parts of the mouth testaceous. The thorax is

a little narrower than the elytra, transverse, its breadth

about twice its length, the sides rounded at the anterior

angles, finely and sparmgly punctured and pubescent,

with an indistinct longitudinal channel in the middle.

The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax,

rather more distinctly and closely punctured than it.

The abdomen has segments two to four sparingly and

moderately finely punctured, five and six nearly impunc-

tate. The legs are yellow, the posterior tarsi stout, and

moderately long, the basal joint very short, the terminal

one about as long as the four preceding.

In the male, the front of the head is indistinctly chan-

nelled, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the seventh

abdominal segment is furnished with four teeth, of about

the same length; the middle ones are broad and rounded,

and near one another, so as to appear as if forming a

central, rather produced, lamina, with a notch at its

apex; the lateral teeth are fine and pointed,

British Species of Homalota. 225

Very rare. I have found it only at Horning, in Nor-

folk, and in a piece of wet ground near Norwood.

Obs.—I have only one example of the male of this

species at my command ; its male characters do not seem

to agree altogether with Kraatz’s description, or Mul-

sant’s figure. The place of the species is near H. oblita,

(as in Erichson), and not next coriaria, where it is placed

by Kraatz. It is readily distinguished from oblita by its

more sparing punctuation and pubescence, and the

brighter-coloured legs and base of the antenne.

Group XVII. Small or very small species; the penult-

mate joints only of the antennee strongly transverse.

(Species 116—122).

A group of small black or obscurely coloured species,

found in dung, vegetable refuse, and carcases. H. in-

guinula is the smallest species of the genus. The male

characters are but unimportant.

116. Homalota sericea.

Nigra, antennis elytrisque fuscis, pedibus fusco-testa-

ceis, tenuiter distincte pubescens; thorace transverso;

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis,

5° et 6° fere levigatis. Long. $-1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,

vix emarginato.

H. sericea, Muls. Opusc. i. 41; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. u.

295; Atheta sericea, Th. Sk. Col. m. 89; H. amicula,

Wat. Cat.

A rather robust little species, delicately but distinctly

pubescent, moderately shining, with short stout antennz.

These are pitchy-black, with the two first joints pitchy,

thickened from the third to the apex; joint two stout,

three rather shorter and more slender than two, four to

ten each a little stouter than its predecessor, four slightly

transverse, ten strongly so; eleventh joimt stout, about

as long as the two preceding. Head moderately large,

rather narrower than the thorax, the sides a little

straight behind the eyes, before beg rounded at the

posterior angles, extremely finely punctured ; in the male

with an indistinct fovea on tlie disc. The thorax is but

226 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

little narrower than the elytra, its breadth fully half as

great again as its length, about as wide at the anterior as

at the posterior angles, finely and indistinctly punctured,

sometimes with an indistinct impression in front of the

scutellum, sometimes with an obscure channel, and often

without either. The elytra are blackish, or pitchy-

black, rather short, about one-third longer than the

thorax, finely and closely punctured, with a fine and mo-

derately close pubescence. The abdomen is black and

shining, often a little broader towards the apex, its pubes-

cence pretty distinct, sezments two to four finely and

rather sparingly punctured, five and six nearly impunc-

tate. Legs dirty testaceous.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is truncate, and obscurely

emarginate; the under plate of the same segment is

also more produced than in the female, its apex less flat-

tened, and more round.

Abundant all over the country in vegetable refuse,

hayricks, outhouses, &c.

Obs.—I see no sufficient reason for considering this

species as Stephens’s Aleochara amicula ; his description

may, or may not, apply to H. sericea. His descriptions

(Ill. v. 181) of species 66-72 would each apply about

equally well to H. sericea, and each is about equally

vague and uncharacteristic.

117. Homalota subtilis.

Nigra, haud nitida, confertim subtiliter punctata, evi-

denter pubescens, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ;

thorace transverso, equali; abdomine supra segmentis

2-4 sat parce punctatis, 5° et 6° fere levigatis. Long.

# lin.

Hi. subtilis, Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 128.

Allied to H. sericea, but distinguished by its denser

punctuation and pubescence, its longer elytra, and the

thinner joints (especially two to six) of the antenne. The

antenne are moderately stout, a little thickened towards

the apex, black ; joint three slightly shorter than two,

four nearly quadrate, five to ten each slightly broader

than its predecessor, the first of them slightly, the last

distinctly transverse; eleventh joint rather stout, about

as long as the two preceding. The head is a little

British Species of Homalota. 227

narrower than the thorax, indistinctly punctured. The

thorax is slightly but distinctly narrower than the elytra,

its breadth fully half as great again as its length, about

as broad at the anterior as at the posterior angles, finely

and thickly punctured, and finely but rather roughly

pubescent. The elytra are fully one-third longer than

the thorax, closely and finely punctured. The abdomen

is punctured much as in H. sericea, but not quite so spar-

ingly. The legs are rather dusky testaceous.

Rare. I have found single specimens in several parts

of Scotland.

Obs.—I have examined two specimens of H. subtilis

sent by Herr Scriba to Mr. Crotch; these differ from my

specimens by being a little larger and broader, and

having no channel or impression at the back of the head.

These two specimens are, however, females, while I be-

lieve all my Scotch examples to be males; they have the

apex of the seventh abdominal segment very indistinctly

truncate. This species resembles H. celata in some

respects, but its abdomen is much more sparingly punc-

tured.

118. Homalota indubia.

Nigra, sat nitida, tenuiter pubescens, parce punctata,

pedibus piceis; antennis articulis 5-10 minus fortiter

transversis; thorace transverso; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis, 5° et 6° fere leeviga-

tis. Long. ? lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore

sat fortiter crenulato.

Scarcely larger than H. sericea, but blacker, still more

sparingly pubescent and therefore more shining, with

the antennz not quite so stout, and the seventh abdomi-

nal segment crenulate in the male. The antennz are

black, moderately stout, a little thickened towards the

apex ; joints two and three longer and more slender than

in H. sericea, three not quite so long as two, four about

as broad as three, and about as long as broad, five slightly

transverse, ten pretty distinctly so; eleventh joint point-

ed, about as long as the two preceding. The head is

narrower than the thorax, but broad, the disc flat, punc-

tuation and pubescence almost absent. The thorax is

228 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

but little narrower than the elytra, its breadth quite half

as great again as its length, as broad at the anterior as

at the posterior angles, finely and sparingly punctured

and pubescent, with a small indistinct impression in front

of the scutellum. The elytra are about a third longer

than the thorax, rather sparingly punctured and pubes-

cent, the punctuation rather more distinct than on the

thorax. The abdomen is black and shining; segments

two to four sparingly punctured, five and six almost im-

punctate. Legs pitchy.

In the male, the apex of the seventh abdominal seg-

ment is distinctly, and, for a small species, even coarsely

crenulate.

Rare. I have found it at Thornhill, and near Edin-

burgh and Dumfries.

119. Homalota indiscreta.

Subdepressa, nigra, subnitida, pedibus fuscis, confer-

tim subtiliter punctata ; thorace transverso, basi foveolato ;

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre

punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long.

2 lin.

Closely allied to H. sericea, but darker m colour, more

depressed, rather broader but more narrowed to the front,

the pubescence finer, denser, and more regular, and the

elytra longer in proportion to the thorax. The antennz

are entirely black, rather stout, thickened towards the

apex; joint two longer than three, four about as broad as

three, and about as broad as long, five to ten transverse,

the first of them slightly, the last strongly so; eleventh

joint about twice as long as the tenth. Head narrower

than the thorax, much narrower than the elytra, finely

and indistinctly punctured, and sometimes with an obscure

channel or fovea in. the middle. The thorax is a little

narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as great

again as its length, rather narrower at the anterior than

at the posterior angles, finely and pretty closely punc-

tured, and with a very delicate pubescence, with a shallow

transverse fovea in front of the scutellum. The elytra

are black or pitchy-black, fully one-third longer than

the thorax, finely and thickly punctured, and delicately

pubescent. The abdomen is black and shining, segments

British Species of Homalota. 229

two to four finely, scarcely closely, punctured, fifth seg-

ment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate.

The legs are testaceous, the tibie a little lighter than

the femora.

I am unable to point out satisfactory characters to

distinguish the male of this species.

Rare. I have found it at Thornhill, and in Inverness-

shire.

Obs.—This species is allied to H. indubia, but is dis-

tinguished by its shorter antennz more thickened to-

wards the apex, of which joints five to ten are distinctly

transverse, and the uncrenulate seventh abdominal seg-

ment of the male.

120. Homalota mortuorum.

Nigra, subopaca, thorace elytrisque confertim sub-

tiliter punctatis et tenuissime pubescentibus, pedibus

fuscis; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter punc-

tatis, 5° et 6° fere levigatis. Long. 3 lin.

Atheta mortuorum, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 281.

Closely allied to H. sericea, but smaller and blacker,

with the thorax and elytra thickly and finely punctured,

and densely and extremely finely pubescent; the antennz

also are shorter than in H. sericea, the basal joints being

less elongate. The antenne are black, short and stout,

thickened towards the apex; joint two short and stout,

longer than three, three short and triangular, four to ten

distinctly transverse, this last strongly so; eleventh joint

stout, about twice the length of the tenth. The head is

black, dull, finely and indistinctly punctured, with an

indistinct impression on the middle. The thorax is a

little narrower than the elytra, its breadth about one-

third greater than its length, dull, thickly and very

finely punctured, sometimes with a short channel in front

of the scutellum. The elytra are rather short, about a

fourth longer than the thorax, very finely and densely

punctured and pubescent. The abdomen is black and

moderately shining, segments two to four finely and

rather sparingly punctured, five and six almost impunc-

tate. Legs pitchy.

The male appears to differ but little from the female.

Rare. I have found it only in Scotland, at Rannoch

in Perthshire, and at Thornhill.

230 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Obs.—I have little doubt this is the mortworwm of

Thomson; it is allied to H. indisereta, but is smaller, less

shining, has shorter antenne and elytra, and a less

transverse thorax.

121. Homalota atricolor.

Linearis, subdepressa, vix nitida, nigra, elytris pedi-

busque nigro-fuscis, confertim subtiliter punctata, et ten-

uiter pubescens; thorace transverso, basin versus sub-

angustato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter

punctatis, 5° parce punctato. Long. 3 lin.

Var.—Elytris pedibusque nigris, concoloribus.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato.

H. inconspicua, Wat. Cat. (nec Er.).

A very small, black, rather parallel and depressed

species, with close and fine but distinct punctuation and

pubescence. The antenne are black, thickened towards

the apex; joints two and three short and stout, two

longer and stouter than three, from joint four thickened

towards the apex, four about as broad as three, nearly as

long as broad, the others to the tenth transverse; eleventh

joint about as long as the two preceding. Head but

little narrower than the thorax, rather quadrate, rather

long in proportion to its breadth, the eyes a little pro-

minent, finely and closely punctured, the punctuation

consisting of fine elevations, so that the surface appears

rough, with a distinct channel or impression on the

middle. ‘Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, its

breadth fully half as great again as its length, a little

narrowed behind, finely and closely punctured. The

elytra are black or pitchy-black, one-half or one-third

longer than the thorax, closely and finely punctured.

The abdomen is black and shining, segments two to four

rather closely and finely but somewhat} roughly punc-

tured, fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth

nearly impunctate. Legs black, or pitchy-black.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

abdominal segment is truncate in the middle.

Extremely abundant in Scotland, in carcases, dung,

&c.; also near London, but not so common there.

Obs.—This species is intermediate between H. mor-

.tuorum and inguinula; it is a little smaller than the

British Species of Homalota. 231

former, considerably narrower, and not so closely and

finely punctured, so that it is not so dull. It is con-

siderably larger than inquinula, and much darker in

colour. Its punctuation is peculiar, being fine but dis-

tinctly rough. *

122. Homalota inquinula.

Linearis, nigra, subnitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-

testaceis ; thorace transverso, basin versus subangustato ;

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre subtiliter punc-

tatis, 5° parce punctato. Long. 4 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato.

Aleochara inquinula, Grav. Micr. 78; H. inquinula,

Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 334; Gen. et Spec. Staph. 116; Kr.

Ins. Deutsch. 1. 297; Wat. Cat.

The smallest species of the genus; narrow, and with

fine and pretty close punctuation and pubescence. The

antennee are short and comparatively stout, thickened to-

wards the apex, the three basal joints stout; joint two

stouter and much longer than three, this much narrowed

at the base, four to ten transverse, the first slightly, the

last distinctly so; eleventh joint stout and pointed, about

as long as the two preceding. The head is rather nar-

rower than the thorax, rather long in proportion to its

breadth, closely, finely, and indistinctly punctured, with

a distinct channel or impression on the middle. The

thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth

about one-third greater than its length, a little narrowed

behind, closely and finely punctured, and sometimes with

a longitudinal channel. The elytra are about one-third

longer than the thorax, of an obscure brownish or pitchy

colour, thickly and finely punctured. The abdomen is

black and shining, segments two to four finely and pretty

closely punctured, fifth segment finely and sparingly

punctured, sixth still more sparingly punctured. The

legs are dirty yellow, or pitchy in colour.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

abdominal segment is a little truncate in the middle.

Local; but common in dung in sandy places in the

centre and south of England. I have not found it in

Scotland.

* T have only lately distinguished this species from the preceding one,

and have named many specimens of it as H. mortuorum, Th. I mention

this, that those for whom I have done so, may make the change of name

where necessary.

232 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Section G.

Group XVIII. Abdomen rather narrowed towards the

apen ; the hinder angles of the thorax well marked; habitat

in ants’ nests. (Species 123—125).

Of this group, H. flavipes and confusa are closely

allied, but anceps has an entirely different facies.

123. Homalota anceps.

Fusco-nigra, opaca, confertim punctata, antennarum

basi pedibus anoque obscure testaceis; thorace transver-

so, plano, canaliculato, angulis posticis haud rotundatis;

abdomine supra confertim subtilissime, apice minus cre-

bre punctato. Long. 1} ln,

H. anceps. Br. Kaif. Brand. i. 336; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

125; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 264; Wat. Cat.; Lyprocorrhe

anceps, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 108.

_A peculiar and distinct species; the head, thorax, and

elytra being harder than in the other species of the genus,

and clothed with an extremely short, and scarcely visible

pubescence ; it has somewhat the appearance of a small

HT. fungi, but is flatter and duller. The antennz are

pitchy, paler at the base, moderately long, rather slender,

scarcely thickened towards the apex ; joints two and three

of nearly equal length, moderately long, four to ten each

differing but little from one another in length, the first of

them distinctly longer than broad, the last of them about

as long as broad; the eleventh joint about as long as the

two preceding. The head is considerably narrower than

the thorax, rather broad and short, very finely and close-

ly punctured, a little shinmg. The thorax is at the base

about as broad as the elytra, its breadth nearly twice its

length, distinctly narrower at the anterior than at the

posterior angles, the latter bemg distinct and not round-

ed; the surface of the thorax is flat, and has a distinct

longitudinal channel in the middle, it is thickly and pretty

finely punctured, and has sometimes one or two irregular

little pits, or impressions. The elytra are rather short,

about one-third longer than the thorax, closely and pret-

ty distinctly punctured, dull. The abdomen is closely

and finely punctured, with a distinct moderately long

pubescence. The legs are yellowish.

British Species of Homalota. 233

The male is difficult to distinguish; it has the ventral

plate of the seventh abdominal segment narrower, and

more produced than in the female.

Abundant in England and Scotland, in the nests of

Formica rufa.

124. Homalota flavipes.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibus anoque

rufo-testaceis, elytris rufo-brunneis, abdomine piceo ;

thorace transverso, angulis posticis haud rotundatis ; ab-

domine supra segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6°

levigatis. Long. 13 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice fere trian-

gulariter emarginato.

Aleochara flavipes, Grav. Mon. 161; H. flavipes, Hr.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 124; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 263;

Wat. Cat.; Notothecta flavipes, Th. Sk. Col. i. 107.

A rather broad, robust species, narrowed before and

behind. The antenne are pitchy in colour, yellowish at

the base, the apical joint also sometimes obscurely yellow;

they are moderately long, scarcely thickened towards the

apex, and pretty distinctly furnished with projecting hairs ;

joimts two and three are of about equal length, four to

ten differ but little from one another in length and breadth,

each as long as broad; eleventh joint long and rather

slender, pointed, longer than the two preceding together.

The head is narrower than the thorax broad and short,

black and shining, finely and indistinctly punctured.

The thorax is black, or pitchy-black, a little narrower

than the elytra, twice as broad as long, narrower at the

anterior than at the posterior angles; the base a little

sinuate on each side near the external angles, which are

distinct and not at all depressed, moderately closely and

pretty distinctly punctured, with an indistinct impression

in front of the scutellum. The elytra are brownish or

reddish-brown, scarcely shining, about one-third longer

than the thorax, much broader than long, pretty closely

and distinctly, and somewhat rugulosely punctured. The

abdomen is black and shining, pitchy at the base, red-

dish-yellow at the extremity; segments two to four are

sparingly punctured, five and six impunctate. The legs

are reddish-yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the seventh segment

of the abdomen is distinctly emarginate in the middle.

234 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Abundant in the nests of Formica rufa, all over the

kingdom.

125. Homalota confusa.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibus anoque

rufo-testaceis, elytris rufo-brunneis, abdomine piceo;

thorace transverso, angulis posticis haud rotundatis; an-

tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; abdomine supra seg-

mentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato.

Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice fere trian-

gulariter emarginato.

H. confusa, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 215; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ti. 264; Wat. Cat.; Notothecta confusa, Th. Sk.

Gol. 11.:107. ;

Very closely allied to H. flavipes, but rather smaller,

and with the antennz shorter and stouter, so that of

joints five to ten each one is distinctly broader than long.

The abdomen is more closely punctured, the base of the

fifth segment being distinctly punctured. Its structure

and punctuation generally are extremely like H. flavipes.

I have never found this species, but it has occurred to

Mr. F. Smith and others, in the nests of Formica fuli-

ginosa.

Srection H.

Group XIX. Small or very small species ; abdomen

only a little narrowed towards the apex, closely punctured ;

thorax but little narrowed towards the front.

(Species 126—131).

The species of this group have indistinct male charac-

ters; H. nigra, germana, and hodierna, are found in

vegetable refuse matter ; sordidula, celata, and (I believe)

canescens, In dung.

126. Homalota nigra.

Linearis, sat nitida, nigra, pedibus fuscis, confertim

subtiliter punctata, et tenuiter pubescens ; thorace leviter

transverso; abdomine apicem versus subangustato, supra

toto confertim subtiliter punctato. Long. 4-1 lin.

British Species of Homalota. 235)

Mas; abdomine segmento 7°

quadridentato.

H. wgra, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 287; Wat. Cat.

A small, rather narrow, black species, shining, but

clothed with a fine pubescence, giving it a somewhat

gray appearance. The antenne are black, of moderate

length and thickness, a little thickened towards the apex ;

the first joint is stout, two and three of moderate length

and thickness, two longer than three, this latter much

narrowed at the base, four scarcely broader than the pre-

ceding one, about as long as broad, from this to the tenth

each one a little broader than its predecessor, none of

them, however, being strongly transverse, and sometimes

appearing but little broader than long; eleventh joint

about as long as the two preceding together. The head

is smaller than the thorax, rather small, black and shining,

finely and indistinctly punctured, sometimes indistinctly

channelled or impressed. The thorax is a little narrower

than the elytra, about a third broader than long, very

finely and closely punctured, with an indistinct impres-

sion in front of the scutellum, from which proceeds a

fine channel, sometimes scarcely to be distinguished.

The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax,

closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is a little

narrowed towards the apex, closely finely and evenly

punctured above, segments five and six somewhat more

sparingly than the precedmg ones. The legs are

pitchy.

In the male, the apical angles of the dorsal plate of

the seventh abdominal segment are acute, and even a

little produced, and the hind margin is furnished besides

with two small indistinct projections, the distance be-

tween which is about the same as that between each one

and the lateral tooth.

In the female, the middle of the hind margin of the

same segment is slightly and indistinctly emarginate in

the middle. .

Extremely abundant, in vegetable refuse, all over

England and Scotland.

dorsali apice obsolete

127. Homalota germana.

Nigra, vix nitida, pedibus fuscis, confertim evidenter

punctata, et tenuiter pubescens; -thorace transverso;

TRANS ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT Itt. (JUNE). 8

236 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

abdomine apicem versus subangustato, supra toto con-

fertim punctato. Long. ? lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsoletis-

sime quadridentato.

Scarcely smaller than H. nigra, but distinctly broader

in proportion, with a shorter and more transverse thorax,

and more distinct and rougher punctuation. The an-

tennee are formed much asin H. nigra, only rather shorter.

The head is rather shorter than in H. nigra, black, dull,

rather sparingly but distinctly and roughly punctured,

in the male with a distinct channel or impression. The

thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth

more than half as great again as its length, closely and

finely but distinctly punctured, sometimes with an in-

distinct longitudinal channel. The elytra are about a

third longer than the thorax, closely and finely punc-

tured. The abdomen is black, a little shining, closely

and finely but distinctly punctured, the punctuation not

closer but more distinct than in H. nigra. The legs are .

pitchy.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is formed much as in H.

nigra, the teeth, however, are still more indistinct, and

scarcely to be detected.

This species appears to be generally distributed, and

pretty common, especially in Scotland. It is probably

mixed in collections with H. nigra.

128. Homalota hodierna.

Nigra, vix nitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis,

crebre subtiliter punctata; antennis subelongatis, arti-

culis haud transversis; thorace leviter transverso, cana-

hiculato ; abdomine supra toto confertim subtiliter punc-

tato. Long. 1 hn.

Mas; capite impresso; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali

apice quadridentato.

Closely allied to H. nigra, but larger than the largest

of that species, more robustly formed, and at once dis-

tinguished by its longer antenne, less thickened towards

the apex. The antennzx are pitchy-black, obscurely

paler at the base, rather long and slender, scarcely at all

thickened towards the apex; joint two a little longer

British Species of Homalota. 237

than three, three narrowed at the base, four to ten differ-

ing but little from one another in length, the length of

each a little greater than its breadth; eleventh joint long

(much longer than in H. nigra), more than twice the

length of the tenth. The head is broader and shorter

than in H. nigra, in the male distinctly channelled and

impressed. The thorax is a little narrower than the

elytra, about one-third broader than long, thickly and

finely punctured, with a distinct central longitudinal

channel. ‘The elytra are about one-third longer than the

thorax, of an obscure brownish or fuscous colour, closely

and finely punctured. The abdomen 1s a little narrowed

towards the apex, its upper surface densely and finely

punctured and pubescent, segments five and six rather

more sparingly so than the preceding ones. Legs dusky

yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the seventh abdominal

segment is furnished with four short projecting teeth

much as in H. migra. Ihave not seen a specimen of the

female.

I have captured four specimens of this species at

Horning, in Norfolk, and have seen it also in Mr.

Crotch’s collection. M. Brisout de Barneville has also

submitted to me a French example, marked “ Lille,

roseaux.”’

129. Homalota celata.

Nigra, subopaca, confertim subtiliter punctata, an-

tennarum basi elytrisque fuscis, pedibus obscure testa-

ceis; thorace transverso, basi obsolete canaliculato;

abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter, 5° et 6° parcius

punctatis. Long. ? ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato.

H. celata, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 335; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 122; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 820. Atheta dadopora,

Th. Sk. Col. ix. 288.

A small, but rather robust, obscure species, readily

distinguished from H. sericea, and its allies, by its more

densely punctured abdomen; broader than H. sordidula,

and not so flat or depressed. The antenne are moderately

stout, blackish, obscurely paler at the base, not thick-

ened after the sixth joint; joint two is longer than three,

§ 4

238 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

four scarcely broader than three, nearly as long as broad,

five distinctly broader than four, from this to the tenth

the joints differ but little from one another, the breadth

of each is a little greater than its length ; the eleventh

joint is rather long, quite as long as the two preceding

together. The head is broad, a little narrower than the

thorax, pretty closely and finely but distinctly and rather

roughly punctured, sometimes with an indistinct impres-

sion on the disc. The thorax is a little narrower than

the elytra, its breadth about half as great again as its

length, the sides gently rounded, nearly as broad at the

anterior as at the posterior angles, closely and finely

but distinctly and rather roughly punctured, and with a

more or less distinct longitudinal channel in front of the

scutellum. The elytra are about a fourth longer than

the thorax, brownish or fuscous in colour, pretty closely

and distinctly punctured. The abdomen is black, pitchy

at the extremity, a little shining, segments two to four

are closely and distinctly punctured, fifth and sixth seg-

ments moderately closely punctured. The legs are

rather dirty yellow.

The hind margin of the upper plate of the seventh

abdominal segment is furnished, in the male, with four

small teeth, one at each angle and two in the middle, of

these the external ones are the more distinct, the notch

separating the two middle ones is broad, but very

shallow.

Rare. I have found single specimens in two or three

localities near London.

Obs.—I have examined a specimen of A. dadopora,

sent by Thomson to Mr. Crotch; it is of this species.

Thomson considers (vide loc. cit.) that Hrichson’s de-

scription of H. celata probably refers to Kraatz’s H. migra.

In this suspicion he is not improbably correct, but I

think it better not to change the names, until the ques-

tion is put beyond doubt by the examination of Hrich-

son’s specimens.

130. Homalota sordidula.

Nigra, pedibus fuscis, opaca, confertim subtiliter punc-

tata; antennis sat elongatis, articulo ultimo oblongo; tho-

race leviter transverso, subtiliter canaliculato; abdomine

supra toto confertim subtiliter punctato. Long. ¢ lin.

British Species of Homalota. 239

H. sordidula, Er. Kif. Brand. 1. 335; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 123; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 296; Wat. Cat.; Athe-

ta sordidula, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 91.

A small narrow species, with pretty distinctly poimted

abdomen, and elongate terminal joint to the antenne.

The antenne are long for the small size of the species,

black, the two basal joimts sometimes obscurely pitchy,

not thickened after the fifth or sixth joint; joints two and

three rather stout, two longer than three, four smaller

than any of the others, but little broader than three,

rather transverse, five broader and longer than four,

from it to the tenth the length of each joint is nearly

equal to its breadth; eleventh joint long, oblong, longer

than the two preceding. The head is small, distinctly

narrower than the thorax, much narrower than the elytra,

its sides a little straight behind the eyes, pretty closely

and finely but distinctly punctured, generally with an

indistinct longitudinal impression on the front part. The

thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth

about one-third greater than its length, finely and closely

punctured, and with a fine but distinct longitudinal chan-

nel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are about a

fourth longer than the thorax, closely and finely punc-

tured. The abdomen is distinctly narrowed towards the

apex, its upper surface closely and finely and evenly

punctured, the pubescence dense. The legs are pitchy-

yellow.

The mate is scarcely to be distinguished from the female.

In dung, both in England and Scotland, but apparently

scarce or overlooked.

131. Homalota canescens.

Nigra, opaca, pedibus fuscis, confertim punctata; an-

tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; thorace transverso, sub-

tiliter canaliculato; abdomine supra toto confertim sub-

tiliter punctato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7°

4-dentato.

Allied to H. sordidula, broader and more parallel, with

the antennz, especially the terminal joint, shorter, the

thorax shorter, and the punctuation throughout not quite

so close and fine. The antenne are blackish, of moderate

dorsali apice obsolete

240 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

length and stoutness, but indistinctly thickened towards

the apex ; joint three shorter and more slender than two,

narrowed towards the base, four smaller than the others,

about as broad as three, nearly as long as broad, five to ten

differing but little from one another in length, each one

shghtly broader than its predecessor, the breadth of each

evidently greater than its length; eleventh joint rather

stout, a little pomted, about as long as the two preceding

together. The head is rather broad, a little narrower

than the thorax, finely but distinctly and rather roughly

punctured, generally with a longitudinal impression on

the disc. The thorax is but little narrower than the ely-

tra, its breadth more than half as great again as its length,

closely and finely but distinctly. punctured, and with a

short, not very distinct, channel in front of the scutel-

lum. The elytra are fully one-third longer than the thorax,

closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is scarcely

narrowed towards the apex, finely, evenly, and closely

punctured. The legs are pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four small

indistinct equidistant teeth, which are placed much as

in H. celata, but are smaller.

Rare. Thornhill, Brockenhurst, Weybridge, Croydon.

In dung, I believe.

Obs.—This species is readily distinguished from H. ce-

lata by its smaller size, more depressed form, darker

colour, and more closely punctured apical segments of

the abdomen.

Group XX. Species of moderate size, abdomen slightly

or moderately narrowed towards the apex, thorax scarcely

or moderately narrowed towards the front.

(Species 132—142).

A tolerably natural group, which might, however, be

subdivided into several others. H. marcida, intermedia,

and cadaverina, are found in moss and vegetable matter;

the other species frequent dung, and cinnamoptera is often

found in small carcases.

132. Homalota marcida.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis piceis, pilosellis, basi pedi-

busque testaceis, elytris fuscis ; thorace leviter transverso,

British Species of Homalota. 241

basi foveolato; elytris hoc sesqui longioribus; abdomine

apicem versus vix angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 parce

subtiliter punctatis, 5° et 6° fere levigatis ; tibus poster-

ioribus intus evidenter ciliatis. Long. 14-13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore

obsolete incrassato, ventrali medio obtuse acuminato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poster-

iore obsolete emarginato, fere truncato, ventrali late ro-

tundato, dense subtiliter ciliato.

H. marcida, Er. Kif. Brand. 1.328; Gen. et Spec. Staph.

106; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 298; Wat. Cat.

A peculiar species, scarcely to be confounded with any

others, and in many respects resembling H. occulta and

its allies. The antenne are long, scarcely thickened to-

wards the apex, brownish, with the three or four basal

joints yellow, furnished throughout their length with

longish, very fine, outstanding hairs; the first joint is

stout, with a long conspicuous seta on its upper side ;

joints two and three are rather long, three a little longer

than two, four and five a little stouter than three, each

longer than broad, six to ten each about as long as broad ;

eleventh joint scarcely so long as the two preceding.

The head is rather small, narrower than the thorax, nar-

rowed behind the eyes, which are a little prominent,

sparingly and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is dis-

tinctly narrower than the elytra, about a third broader

than long, a little narrowed behind, moderately closely

and finely but distinctly and roughly punctured, with a

few long outstanding hairs at the sides, and an indistinct

transverse impression in front of the scutellum. The

elytra are long and parallel, longer than broad, fully half

as long again as the thorax, of a brownish colour, distinct-

ly, rather roughly, and closely punctured. The abdomen

is shining, scarcely narrowed towards the apex, which is

often paler; segments two to four very sparingly and

finely punctured, the apical ones almost impunctate, the

sides and apex furnished with distinct outstanding hairs.

The legs are yellow, the middle tibize on the outside

about the middle with a distinct outstanding seta, the

posterior tibiae with a very simall and indistinct seta in

the middle on the outside, on the inside finely but dis-

tinctly ciliate throughout their whole length, these cilia

are yellow, and about twelve in number.

242 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the male, the third joint of the antennz is more

densely furnished with fine outstanding hairs; the dorsal

plate of the seventh abdominal segment is narrow, indis-

tinctly rounded at the apex, which is obscurely thickened,

and the under plate of the same segment is a little pro-

duced in the middle, so as to form an obtuse angle; while

in the female, the ventral plate of the same segment is

broad and rounded, and furnished with closely-set fine

parallel cilia.

In England and Scotland, but never very common.

133. Homalota intermedia.

Subdepressa, antice sat nitida, subtiliter punctata, tenui-

ter pubescens, nigra, antennarum basi obscure testacea,

elytris pedibusque testaceis; thorace transversim sub-

quadrato; abdomine apicem versus attenuato, nitidulo,

segmentis 2-5 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 6° parce punc-

tato. Long. 14-13 ln.

H. intermedia, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Férh. 1852, p. 145;

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 8301; Wat. Cat.; Atheta intermedia

Th. Sk. Col. iii. 95.

This species a good deal resembles H. xanthoptera and

its allies, but has the abdomen distinctly narrowed to the

apex, and its segments more punctured. The antennz

are long and rather stout, scarcely thickened towards the

apex ; joints two and three long, three longer than two,

four about as stout as three, and little less than the other

joints, longer than broad, five to ten each about as long

as broad, ten, however, a little shorter than the others;

the eleventh joint is long, gently pointed, about as long

as the two preceding together. The head is narrower

than the thorax, but rather broad, finely and indistinctly

punctured. The thorax is rather large, a little narrower

than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides

nearly straight, a little rounded at the anterior angles,

finely and pretty closely punctured, with a small narrow

impression at the base in front of the scutellum. The

elytra are yellow, a little darker about the scutellum and

at the outsides, closely and finely punctured, about a

fourth longer than the thorax. The abdomen is black,

rather shining, distinctly narrowed towards the apex ;

segments two to five finely, evenly, and pretty closely

punctured, the fifth rather more sparingly than the basal

British Species of Homalota. 243

ones, the sixth segment shining, and very sparingly punc-

tured ; the sides are rather sparingly furnished with out-

standing set, the apex more distinctly. The legs are

bright yellow, the middle tibize with a short indistinct

outstanding seta about the middle, the hinder ones with-

out any exserted seta.

The male has the ventral plate of the seventh abdomi-

nal segment narrower and longer than the female.

This species occurs sparingly in various parts of Scot-

land; Rannoch, Thornhill, Strath Cannich; also, but very

rarely, im the neighbourhood of London.

134, Homalota longicornis.

Subdepressa, nitidula, nigra, elytris pedibus anoque

brunneo-testaceis; antennis elongatis, articulo quarto

transverso ; abdomine supra confertim subtiliter punctato ;

tibiis intermediis et posticis setis exsertis longioribus.

Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete

emarginato,

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice ciliato,

medio emarginato.

Aleochara longicornis, Grav. Mon. 87; H. longicornis,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 129; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. u1. 302;

Wat. Cat.; Atheta longicornis, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 95.

A very distinct species; the much developed, long an-

tennee, the yellowish elytra, the much pointed and thickly

punctured abdomen, and the very long exserted sete of

the tibiz are quite sufficient to distinguish it. The an-

tennze are long and stout, not thickened after the seventh

joint, nearly black, with the first joint pitchy, the

basal joints with distinct exserted hairs; jomt three con-

siderably longer than two, four much smaller than any of

the others, its length distinctly less than its breadth,

from five to ten each joint is distinctly longer than its

predecessor, the fifth not quite so long as broad, the tenth

longer than broad; eleventh joint long, obtusely pointed,

quite half as long again as the tenth. The head is com-

paratively small, considerably narrower than the thorax,

black and shining, sparingly and finely punctured, but

with the pubescence distinct. The thorax is scarcely

narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as great

244 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

again as its length, the sides gently rounded, slightly nar-

rowed in front, rather finely and not closely punctured,

the pubescence rather long, the sides with a few distinct

long outstanding hairs. The elytra are brownish-yellow,

darker about the scutellum and towards the sides, closely

and rather strongly punctured, a little longer than the

thorax. The abdomen is black, strongly narrowed to-

wards the apex,which is pitchy, densely and evenly punc-

tured, the sides and apex with distinct outstanding hairs.

The legs are dark yellow, with the femora infuscate, the

middle and posterior tibiz each with two long exserted

hairs, one a little below the knee, the other a little be-

yond the middle, they are also pretty closely furnished

with short cilia both on the mner and outer sides.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh

abdominal segment is indistinctly emarginate, the ventral

plate rounded.

In the female, the ventral plate has the hind margin

furnished with short parallel cilia, and is distinctly emavr-

ginate in the middle.

Extremely abundant in dung, all over the country.

135. Homalota macrocera.

Nigra, sat nitida, crebre subtiliter punctata, elytris

fuscis, pedibus piceo-testaceis ; antennis longioribus, arti-

culo ultimo oblongo, elongato ; thorace leviter transverso,

obsolete canaliculato ; abdomine apicem versus angustato,

supra segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° minus

crebre, 6° parce punctato. Long. | hn.

H. macrocera, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 106;

Atheta macrocera, Th. Sk. Col. im. 96.

A rather narrow species, with evidently pointed abdo-

men. Antenne rather long, not (or scarcely) thickened

towards the apex; joints two and three of about the same

length, four smaller than five, longer than broad, five to

nine differing but little from one another in length and

breadth, each distinctly longer than broad, ten about as

long as broad; eleventh joint elongate, oblong, quite as

long as the two preceding together. The head is a little

narrower than the thorax, pretty closely and finely but

distinctly and rather roughly punctured, sometimes with

an indistinct channel. The thorax is a little narrower

British Species of Homalota. 245

than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides

gently rounded, scarcely narrower at the anterior than at

the posterior angles, the sides with a few fine outstanding

setee, pretty closely and finely punctured, with a fine

longitudinal channel in front of the scutellum, varying

in length and distinctness. The elytra are but little

longer than the thorax, of an obscure fuscous colour,

closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is strongly

narrowed to the apex, black, the apex sometimes obscure-

ly paler; segments two to four pretty closely and finely

punctured, fifth segment more sparingly but distinctly

punctured, sixth very sparingly punctured ; the sides and

apex, as well as the hind margins of the segments, with

numerous distinct outstanding black sete. The legs are

dirty yellow, the middle and hinder tibiz with a distinct

outstanding seta on the middle.

I have found this species in numbers, in dung, near

Thornhill, and rarely in other parts of Scotland, but

never in England.

Obs.—This is not very closely allied to any other species.

136. Homalota cadaverina.

Lata, subdepressa, nigra, antice parum nitida; thorace

transverso, basi vix foveolato; elytris hoc distinctius

punctatis; abdomine nigerrimo, nitidulo, supra seg-

mentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6° fere levigatis ; pedi-

bus rufis, femoribus piceis, Long. 1% lin.

Var.—HElytris fuscis.

H. cadaverina, Bris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 341.

A fine and distinct species, broader than the others of

this group, the head especially being broad. The an-

tenne are black, moderately long, rather slender, but

little thickened towards the apex; joints two and three

long and rather slender, two a little the longer; of the

following joints the first three or four are longer than

broad, the subsequent ones but little broader than long,

the penultimate one being scarcely transverse; eleventh

joint moderately long, rather pointed, about as long as

the two preceding together. The head is broad, but

distinctly narrower than the thorax, sparingly and indis-

tinctly punctured. The thorax is a httle narrower than

the elytra, not quite twice as broad as long, the sides

246 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

slightly rounded, scarcely narrower at the anterior than

at the posterior angles, finely and rather sparingly punc-

tured, sometimes with a fine indistinct longitudinal

channel, the sides with two or three short exserted sete.

The elytra are about a fourth longer than the thorax,

closely, rather strongly, somewhat rugulosely punctured,

their punctuation much stronger than that of the thorax.

The abdomen is black and shining, pretty distinctly nar-

rowed towards the apex, segments two to four sparingly

punctured, fifth segment very sparingly and finely punc-

tured, sixth segment nearly impunctate; the sides and

apex furnished with numerous distinct outstanding hairs.

The legs are reddish, the thighs pitchy, tibize without

exserted setz, the posterior ones rather long and slender,

their tarsi long and pointed.

The male is only to be distinguished from the female

by the narrower and more produced ventral plate of the

seventh abdominal segment.

I have found one or two specimens of this species near

London, and have obtained a fine series, from heaps of

cut grass, at Thornhill.

Obs.—I have compared these specimens with M.

Brisout’s type of H. cadaverina, and find they agree in

all points with it.

137. Homalota levana.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris brunneis, pedibus testaceis ;

thorace transverso, elytris angustiore; abdomine apicem

versus minus fortiter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat

crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere levigato.

Long. 14-14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice leviter

emarginato, utrinque denticulis 2 subapproximatis.

H. levana, Muls. Opusc. 1. 39; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. n.

306.

Resembles both H. cinnamoptera and atramentaria ;

distinguished from the former by the antenne stouter

towards the apex, the head thorax and elytra more

shining and less densely punctured, the abdomen less

narrowed towards the apex and more sparingly punc-

tured ; from H. atramentaria by the stouter antenne, uni-

colorous brown elytra, pale legs, and narrower thorax.

British Species of Homalota. 247

The antennze are of moderate length and stoutness,

slightly but distinctly thickened towards the apex,

pitchy-black, with the basal joints scarcely lighter; first

joint stout, two and three of about equal length, four

smaller than the others, scarcely broader than three,

about as long as broad, the length of the following joints

differs but little from their breadth, the two or three

penultimate joints a little transverse; eleventh joint

rather long, longer than the two preceding together.

The head is rather broad, a little narrower than the

thorax, sparingly and moderately finely punctured,

rounded behind the eyes, sometimes with a small impres-

sion on the disc. The thorax is distinctly narrower than

the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides

gently rounded in front, little narrowed behind, so that

it is about as broad at the anterior as at the posterior

angles, moderately closely and finely punctured, the

sides with a few outstanding sete, sometimes with a

short channel in front of the scutellum, sometimes quite

unchannelled. The elytra are brownish, one-third longer

than the thorax, pretty closely and finely and somewhat

rugulosely punctured, their pubescence (as well as that of

the head and thorax) rather long. The abdomen is

black, pretty distinctly narrowed towards the apex,

which is sometimes pitchy, segments. two to four are dis-

tinctly and not very closely punctured, fifth segment more

sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate; the sides

and apex furnished distinctly with outstanding hairs.

The legs are yellow, the middle and posterior tibiz are

furnished each with two fine projecting sete, of which

the one nearer the knee is distinctly the shorter.

In the male, the hind margin of the upper plate of

the seventh segment is distinctly emarginate in the

middle, the lateral margin projects on each side as a

short broad tooth, and on the inner side of this, and only

separated from it by an obscure notch, is another similar

tooth.

Scarce. Rannoch, Inverness, Brighton, Croydon. It

occurs in dung, and is, perhaps, commoner than is sup-

posed.

188. Homalota cinnamoptera.

Nigra, antice subopaca, elytris obscure brunneis, pedi-

bus testaceis; thorace transverso, basi leviter canalicu-

248 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

lato; abdomine apicem versus evidenter angustato, supra

segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° parcius,

6° parce punctato. Long. 14 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice vix emar-

ginato, fere truncato, angulis externis acutis.

H. cinnamoptera, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 105 ;

Atheta cinnamoptera, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 93. H. subrugosa,

Wat. Cat.

A species with rather long antenne, somewhat spar-

ingly furnished with exserted hairs, its head and thorax

with a dull almost brassy appearance, the elytra of a dull

brownish colour. The antenne are longer than the head

and thorax, scarcely thickened toward the apex, of a

blackish colour, obscurely pitchy at the base; joints two

and three rather long, three a little the longer, four to

nine as long as or rather longer than broad, ten scarcely

shorter than broad; eleventh joint rather long, about as

long as the two preceding together. Head narrower

than the thorax, rather broad in proportion to its length,

rounded behind the eyes, rather convex above, dull,

finely and pretty closely but distinctly, even rather

roughly, punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than

the elytra, its breadth about halfas great again as its

length, the sides a little narrower at the anterior than at

the posterior angles, the sides gently rounded in front,

then nearly straight behind, distinctly, moderately closely,

rather roughly punctured, the sides with two or three

exserted hairs, with a fine longitudinal channel in the

middle in front of the scutellum, sometimes extending

the whole length of the thorax, sometimes only half-way.

The elytra are of an obscure brownish colour, about one-

third longer than the thorax, rather finely but distinctly,

closely and somewhat rugulosely punctured. The abdo-

men is black and shining, distinctly narrowed towards

the apex, segments two to four finely and rather closely

punctured, fifth segment rather more sparingly punc-

tured, sixth very finely and sparingly punctured, the

sides and apex furnished with distinct rather long out-

standing sete. The legs are yellow; the middle and

posterior tibiz furnished each with two fine exserted

sete, one short, just below the knee, the other longer, a

little more than half-way down.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment has the external angles more

acute than in the female.

British Species of Homalota. 249

Tolerably common in vegetable refuse, and in carcases,

in Scotland. I have also found it, very rarely, in the

neighbourhood of London.

Obs.—Thomson has suggested that H. putrida, Kr., is

a synomym of this species; I do not know H. putrida,

but in any case, Thomson’s name has the priority. -

139. Homalota villosula.

Nigerrima, sat fortiter punctata ; antennis apicem versus

leviter incrassatis; thorace transverso; abdomine apicem

versus minus fortiter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat

crebre, 5° et 6° parce punctatis; pedibus piceis, tarsis

geniculisque dilutioribus. Long. 13 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio producto,

apice truncato, utrinque spina tenui armato; ventrali

apice leviter rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio late sub-

emarginato, utrinque denticulo brevi instructo; ventrali

margine posteriore ciliato, medio minus evidenter ex-

C180.

H. villosula, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 305; Wat. Cat.

Of a deep black colour, with the exception of the ab-

domen but little shining. The antenne are black, mo-

derately stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex ;

joints two and three not slender, of about equal length,

four to ten each a little broader than its predecessor, the

first of them as long as broad, the latter ones only

slightly transverse, the tenth being a little longer than

the ninth; eleventh joint rather stout, gently pointed,

about as long as the two preceding together. The head

is rather small, distinctly smaller than the thorax, spar-

ingly but rather roughly punctured. The thorax isa

little narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as

great again as its length, a little narrower at the anterior

than at the posterior angles, pretty distinctly and not

closely punctured, with an indistinct impression in front

of the scutellum, and at the sides with a few outstanding

sete. The elytra are about a third longer than the

thorax, closely and strongly punctured, the pubescence

rather long. The abdomen is black and shining, but

httle narrowed except at the apical sezments, segments

two to four distinctly, moderately, sparingly punctured,

250 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

fifth and sixth finely and sparingly punctured, the sides

and apex with distinct outstanding hairs. The legs are

pitchy, the knees and tarsi reddish; the four posterior

tibize are furnished each with two distinct long sete, the

lower ones being especially long; the posterior tarsi are

stout.and pointed, and the hairs with which they are

furnished are conspicuous.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is truncate in the middle, and the lateral mar-

gin is produced behind as a long fine spine, reaching

only a little beyond the broad truncate middle part,

from which it is separated by a distinct space; the pos-

terior margin of the ventral plate is gently rounded.

In the female, the hind margin of the upper plate is

broadly and obsoletely emarginate in the middle, the lateral

margin projects a little on each side as a short sharp tooth ;

the hind margin of the ventral plate is furnished with

black cilia, and is somewhat excised in the middle.

In dung, generally distributed, but not very abundant.

Apparently commoner in Scotland than in England.

Obs.—Whether H. nigripes, Th., is synonymous with

this species is not certain, though it is probable from

his description.

140. Homalota atramentaria.

Antice nigro-subenea, subnitida, abdomine nitidulo

nigerrimo, pedibus piceis; thorace transverso ; abdomine

apicem versus vix angustato, segmentis 2-4 sat parce

punctatis, 5° parcius punctato, 6° fere levigato. Long.

3-14 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio levi-

ter emarginato, utrinque margine laterali acuto.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio

emarginato.

Var.—Hlytris disco plus minusve rufescentibus.

Aleochara atramentaria, Gyll. Ins. Suec. u. 408; H.

atramentaria, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 111; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 1. 803; Wat. Cat.; <Atheta atramentaria, Th.

Sk. Col. im. 92.

This species is remarkable by the peculiar dull brassy

lustre of the head, thorax, and elytra. The antenne are

blackish, with the basal joint pitchy, a little thickened

British Species of Homalota. 251

towards the apex, and furnished throughout pretty dis-

tinctly with exserted hairs; joints two and three of about

equal length, four to ten each slightly broader than its

predecessor, four to six each as long as, or a little longer

than broad, seven to ten slightly broader than long;

eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding toge-

ther. The head is narrower than the thorax, not large,

sparingly and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is a

little narrower than the elytra, about a third broader

than long, the sides nearly straight, about as broad at the

anterior as at the posterior angles, moderately closely and

finely punctured, at the sides with two or three outstand-

ing hairs, in front of the scutellum with an indistinct

transverse impression. The elytra are about a third long-

er than the thorax, their colour either entirely dull brassy,

or more or less distinctly reddish, moderately closely and

indistinctly, somewhat rugulosely punctured. The abdo-

men is black and shining, scarcely narrowed towards the

apex ; segments 2-4 finely and sparingly punctured, fifth

segment still more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly im-

punctate, the outstanding hairs of the sides and apex not

very marked. The legs are pitchy, the femora generally

a little darker than the tibie; the middle and posterior

tibize each with two fine short exserted sete.

In the male, the middle of the hind margin of the

seventh segment of the abdomen is a little emarginate in

the middle, on each side of the emargination it is some-

what rounded, and the lateral margin projects somewhat

as a short tooth, not easy to see.

In the female, the hind margin of the corresponding

plate is a little emarginate in the middle.

Extremely abundant, in dung, in the most varied

localities and situations, from the coasts to the tops of

the mountains.

141. Homalota setigera.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-piceis, pedibus piceis,

crebre sat fortiter punctata; antennis apicem versus

leviter incrassatis, articulis 7-10 transversis; thorace

leviter transverso, antice haud compresso; abdomine

apicem versus subangustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat

parce punctatis, 5° parcius punctato, 6° fere levigato.

Long. 1 lin.

TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1869,—ParT Il. (JUNE). rc

252 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-

teriore rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ex-

ciso.

Smaller than H. atramentaria, the anterior parts blacker

and more shining, the antenne shorter and more thick-

ened towards the apex. The antennez are black, the

basal joint pitchy ; they are distinctly thickened towards

the apex, and furnished throughout with exserted hairs

much as in H. atramentaria ; joints two and three mo-

derately long, three scarcely so long as two, four to ten

each a little broader than its predecessor, of four and

five the length differs little from the breadth, the fol-

lowing joints gradually more transverse, the penulti-

mate ones distinctly transverse; the eleventh joint

is rather long, quite as long as the two preceding

together. The head is of moderate size, a little narrower

than the thorax, its punctuation moderately close, and

rather rough. The thorax is distinctly narrower than

the elytra, about one-third broader than long, the sides

gently rounded in front, then slightly narrowed behind,

not narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,

rather closely and strongly punctured, the sides with a

few exserted setee. The elytra are about a third longer

than the thorax, pitchy-black or pitchy, pretty closely

and strongly punctured. The abdomen is black and .

shining, moderately narrowed towards the apex, seg-

ments two to four distinctly but not closely punctured,

fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly

impunctate, the sides and apex furnished distinctly with

outstanding sete. The legs are pitchy, the four posterior

tibize with two fine, rather short, exserted sete.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is without any peculiar structure, and the hind

margin of the under plate is gently rounded; while in

the female this plate is distinctly excised in the middle,

and the hind margin ciliate.

Generally distributed, in dung, but not very common.

Obs.—This species is confounded in collections both

with H. atramentaria and H. parva. I have mentioned

above, characters which will distinguish it from the

former. From H. parva, its more thickened antenne,

broader head, less transverse thorax (which is also less

narrowed in front), rather more sparing punctuation, and

the shorter lower setz of its tibize, distinguish it.

British Species of Homalota. 258

142. Homalota parva.

Nigra, nitidula, crebre punctata, et distincte pubes-

cens; thorace transverso, basi obsolete canaliculato ; pedi-

bus piceis; abdomine apicem versus sat fortiter attenuato,

seementis 2-4 crebre, 5° et 6° parcius punctatis. _ Long.

1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-

teriore rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio

exciso.

Aleochara parva, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 380; H. parva,

Wat. Cat. H. cauta, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 122; Kr.

Ins. Deutsch. 11. 318; Atheta cauta, Th. Sk. Col. m. 91.

A small, black, and shining species, with rather rough

punctuation and pubescence. The antenne are mo-

derately long, not stout, but slightly thickened towards

the apex ; joints two and three moderately long, slender,

three scarcely so long as two, four about as long as broad,

the following ones slightly transverse, the tenth scarcely

more so than the sixth; eleventh joint gently pointed,

quite as long as the two preceding together. The head

is rather small, a little narrower than the thorax, much

narrower than the elytra, pretty closely and distinctly

punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than the

elytra, its breadth not half as great again as its length, the

sides are gently rounded, and it is a little narrower at

the anterior than at the posterior angles ; it is moderately

closely and finely, rather roughly punctured, the sides

with distinct outstanding hairs; in front of the scutellum

with a short indistinct channel. The elytra are black or

pitchy, a little longer than the thorax, closely and mo-

derately finely punctured. The abdomen is black, dis-

tinctly narrowed towards the apex, segments two to four

distinctly and pretty closely, fifth segment more sparingly,

sixth very sparingly, punctured; the outstanding setz of

the sides and apex are distinct. The legs are pitchy, the

four posterior tibiee each with two fine exserted setz, of

which the lower one is considerably the longer.

In the male, the upper and under plates of the seventh

abdominal segment are without any particular structure,

while in the female the hind margin of the under plate is

ciliate, and excised in the middle.

Very common, in dung, as well as in other situations,

all over the country.

7 2

254 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Group XXI.—Thorax strongly narrowed to the front;

abdomen strongly pointed and thickly punctured.

(Species 143—148).

If H. melanaria be excepted, the species herein con-

tained form a natural group ; melanaria occurs in vege-

table refuse; testudinea, aterrima, and pilosiventris in

been pygmea and muscorum, often among moss and

eaves.

143. Homalota melanaria.

Nigra, opaca, dense subtiliter et sequaliter punctata ;

antennis sat validis, piceis, pedibus elytrisque testaceis,

his circa scutellum infuscatis; thorace transversim con-

vexiusculo, zquali; abdomine apicem versus angustato,

dense eequaliter punctato. Long. 13 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsoletis-

sime emarginato, ventrali angusto, producto.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete,

ventrali evidenter, emarginato.

Aleochara melanaria, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. 1. 389; Copro-

thassa melanaria, Th. Sk. Col. i. 34. H. lividipennis,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 129; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. n. 311.

H. sordida, Wat. Cat.

A fine large species, with bright yellow elytra, having a

triangular black patch about the scutellum. The antenna

are rather long and stout, slightly thickened towards the

apex, of a pitchy colour; joint three longer than two,

four a little broader than three, shorter and narrower

than the succeeding ones, slightly transverse, joints five

to ten each a little longer and broader than its prede-

cessor, each about as long as broad; the eleventh joint

is elongate, pointed, longer than the two preceding to-

gether. The head is broad and short, much narrower

than the thorax, convex above, closely and finely punc-

tured. The thorax is, at the base, as broad as the elytra,

transversely arched, its breadth fully half as great

again as its length, the sides rounded, a little narrower at

the anterior than at the posterior angles, closely and

finely, very regularly, punctured, with a short dense

regular pubescence. The elytra are about a fourth

longer than the thorax, of a clear yellow colour, with a

triangular black patch about the scutellum, the point of

British Species of Homalota. 255

which extends almost to the apex of the elytra, closely

and finely punctured. The abdomen is narrowed towards

the apex, black, with the extremity paler, and on the

under side the margins of the segments brownish, closely

finely and evenly punctured, the sixth segment a little

more sparingly than the basal ones, densely pubescent,

the sides and apex as well as the posterior margins of

the segments furnished with longer outstanding black

hairs. The legs are yellow, the middle tibiz with a dis-

tinct stout exserted black seta in the middle, the pos-

terior tibiz without any seta.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh segment of the abdomen is indistinctly emargi-

nate, the under plate of the same segment is a little

produced in the middle.

In the female, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of

the seventh segment is a little emarginate, the under

plate is pretty deeply excised in the middle, the hind

margin furnished with pale, closely set, fine, parallel

cilia.

Very abundant in vegetable refuse all over England

and Scotland.

Obs.—Thomson has reversed the sexes of this species.

144. Homalota testudinea.

Nigra, pedibus elytrisque’ testaceis, his circa scutellum

infuscatis, crebre fortiter ruguloso-punctatis; thorace

transverso, convexiusculo, equali; abdomine apicem ver-

sus fortiter angustato, supra crebre distinctius (segmento

6° parcius) punctato. Long. 14-13 hn.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ro-

tundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio

leviter emarginato.

H. testudinea, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 131; Coprothas-

sa testudinea, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 385. H. melanaria, Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 812; Wat. Cat.

A very distinct species, allied on the one hand to H.

melanaria, on the other to H.aterrima ; distinguished from

the former by its smaller size, darker colour, stronger

256 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

punctuation, and less developed antenne; from H. aterri-

ma by its larger size, stouter antenne, coarser punctua-

tion, and differently coloured elytra. The antenne are

of moderate length and stoutness, but little thickened

towards the apex, black, with the basal joint pitchy, dis-

tinctly pilose ; joints one and two stout, three longer and

more slender than two, four to six each about as long as

broad, seven to ten enoh a little shorter than broad;

eleventh joint as long as the two preceding together.

The head is broad and short, moderately closely and dis-

tinctly punctured. The thorax is ample, as broad as, or

broader than the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long,

transversely convex, the sides rounded, distinctly nar-

rower at the anterior than at the posterior angles, with-

out exserted sete at the sides, shining, closely and

distinctly punctured. The elytra are but little longer

than the thorax, of a livid yellow colour, with a large

triangular common black patch, and with the sides also

darker, rather strongly and closely, somewhat rugulosely

punctured. The abdomen is strongly narrowed towards

the apex, closely and distinctly punctured, the sixth seg-

ment more sparingly than the basal ones, the pubescence

is depressed and pretty dense, the outstanding black

sete of the sides, apex, and margins of the segments

long and numerous. The legs are pitchy-testaceous, the

middle and posterior tibie each with a distinct exserted

seta.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal

segment is narrow at the apex and rounded.

In the female, it is broader, furnished with distinct

short, black, parallel cilia, and rather broadly and not

deeply emarginate in the middle.

In dung, not very abundant. I have never found it in

Scotland.

145. Homalota aterrima.

Nigra, subopaca, confertim subtilissime punctata, pedi-

bus piceo-testaceis ; antennis sat elongatis, articulis haud

transversis ; thorace transverso, equali, vel subtiliter ca-

naliculato; abdomine apicem versus angustato, supra

dense subtilissime punctato. Long. 1} lin.

. Aleochara aterrima, Grav. Micr. 88; H. aterrima, Er.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 133; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii, 313; Wat.

Cat.; Acrotona aterrima, Th, Sk. Col. i. 36.

British Species of Homalota. 257

A dark-coloured, somewhat broad species, with strongly

pointed abdomen, rather long and slender antenne, and

dense and fine punctuation. The antenne are a little

longer than the head and thorax, black, scarcely thick-

ened towards the apex; joints two and three rather elon-

gate, of about equal length, three rather the finer, four

distinctly longer than broad, five to ten differing but

little from one another in length and breadth, the first

of them longer than broad, the last of them about as long

as broad; eleventh joint pointed, rather long, as long as

the two preceding together. The head is rounded, con-

siderably narrower than the thorax, closely and finely

punctured. The thorax is, at the base, nearly as broad as

the elytra; its breadth nearly twice its length, the sides

rounded, narrower at the anterior than at the posterior

angles, closely and finely punctured, delicately and dis-

tinctly pubescent, sometimes with a fine central longitu-

dinal channel, sometimes unchannelled. The elytra are

black, or brownish-black, about a fourth longer than the

thorax, broad, closely and finely punctured. The abdo-

men is strongly narrowed to the apex, densely, finely,

and evenly punctured, sixth segment more sparingly than

the basal ones; furnished at the sides and apex with out-

standing black sete. The legs are pitchy-yellow, the

femora darker than the tibiz, the middle and posterior

tibize furnished near the middle with a distinct outstanding

seta, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi but little longer

than the second.

Very abundant, all over the country, in various situa-

tions.

146. Homalota pygmea.

Nigro-fusca, subopaca, elytris fuscis, antennarum basi

pedibusque testaceis, confertim subtilissime punctata ;

thorace leviter transverso, convexiusculo, equali; abdo-

mine apicem versus angustato, supra dense subtilissime

punctato; tarsis posticis articulo basali elongato. Long.

1 lin.

Aleochara pygmea, Grav. Micr. 86; H. pygmcea, Kr.

Ins. Deutsch. ii. 314; Wat. Cat. <Acrotona obfuscata,

Th. Sk. Col. ii. 36. H. aterrima, var., Er. Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 133.

Var.—Antennarum thoracis elytrorumque colore plus

minusve dilutiore.

258 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

This species more resembles an Oxypoda than does

any other of this genus; its punctuation, and the struc-

ture of the posterior tarsi, closely imitate the same parts

in Oxypoda, nevertheless pygmea is a true Homalota.

The antennz are moderately long, pitchy-black, two or

three basal joimts obscurely yellow, a little thickened to-

wards the apex; joints two and three rather long and

slender, of about equal length, four to seven each

longer than broad, eight to ten about as long as broad ;

eleventh joint rather long, gently pointed, about as long

as the two preceding together. The head is smaller than

the thorax, rounded, a little narrowed to the front,

blackish, not shining, the palpi obscurely yellowish,

closely and very finely punctured, pubescence distinct

but very fine. The thorax is, at the base, as broad as

the elytra, its breadth about one-third greater than its

length, the sides gently rounded and distinctly narrowed

towards the front, transversely convex, very finely and

closely punctured, and delicately pubescent. The elytra

are brownish or obscurely blackish, about a fourth longer

than the thorax, densely and finely punctured. The

abdomen is strongly pointed at the apex, finely and

densely punctured, the apical segments a little more

sparingly than the basal ones, the margins of the seg-

ments generally, the apex always, more or less distinctly

paler, the sides and apex furnished with outstanding

black sete. The legs are yellow, the basal joint of the

posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than, the two succeed-

ing ones, the exserted seta of the posterior tibiw is

absent, or rather so small as to escape observation.

Pretty generally distributed in England and Scotland,

but not abundant. The light-coloured form seems to be

the common one in the South, while the dark form is the

only one I have found in Scotland.

Obs.—Thomson considers this species to be the Aleo-

chara obfuscata of Gravenhorst, but I agree with Kraatz

that it is rather Gravenhorst’s A. pygmea; though it is

difficult to speak with any certainty, I should consider

Gravenhorst’s A. obfuscata rather applicable to H. pilo-

siventris, Th. In any case, the name pygmca should be

adopted, for if the Gravenhorstian names be left out of

the question altogether, H. pygmea, Kr., has priority

over H, obfuscata, Th.

British Species of Homalota. 259

147. Homalota muscorum.

Nigra, parum nitida, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus tes-

taceis, femoribus obscurioribus, crebre subtiliter punctata ;

antennis articulis 7-10 leviter transversis; thorace leviter

transverso, convexiusculo, equali; abdomine apicem

versus angustato, supra crebre apice Vix parcius punc-

tato. Long. | lin.

H. muscorum, Bris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 344.

H. picipes, Wat. Cat.

Antenne of moderate length and stoutness, a little

thickened towards the apex; joints two and three rather

long, two a little longer than three, four moderately

stout, four to six about as long as broad, seven to

ten each a little shorter than broad; eleventh joint

rather long and stout, about as long as the two

preceding together. The head is narrower than the

thorax, rounded, convex above, finely and moderately

closely punctured. The thorax is, at the base, a little

narrower than the elytra, its breadth about one-third

greater than its length, considerably narrower at the

anterior than at the posterior angles, transversely arched,

without channel or impression, closely and very finely

punctured, and delicately pubescent. The elytra are a

little longer than the thorax, of an obscure fuscous or

blackish colour, closely and finely punctured. The ab-

domen is distinctly narrowed towards the apex, finely

closely and evenly punctured, the sixth segment a little

more sparingly than the preceding ones; the pubescence

is long, depressed, and distinct, the outstanding sete of

the sides and apex of moderate length. The legs are

yellowish, the femora pitchy, the outstanding setz of the

posterior tibize small and indistinct.

Very abundant all over the country.

Obs.—This species is readily distinguished from H.

pygmeea, by its less elongate form, shorter concolorous

antenne, and shorter basal joint to the posterior tarsi.

H. pilosiventris is smaller, has a shorter thorax, with a fine

channel at the base, shorter antenna, and smaller head.

I have compared my specimens with M. Brisout’s type

of H. muscorum, and find they agree in all respects.

Kraatz has stated that H. muscorum is identical with

H. stercoraria, Kr., but I cannot agree that M. Brisout’s

specimens accord with Kraatz’s description of H. sterco-

260 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

raria. H. muscorum can, I think, scarcely be wanting

in Germany, and it is possible that it has not been

separated by Kraatz from H. stercoraria, which would

account for the above confusion. It is the H. picipes of

Mr. Waterhouse’s catalogue, but as another name exists,

I have not adopted Stephens’s, his description being quite

valueless.

148. Homalota pilosiventris.

Nigra, parum nitida, pedibus piceis, crebre punctata ;

antennis articulis 4-10 leviter transversis; thorace trans-

verso, convexiusculo, basi leviter canaliculato; abdomine

apicem versus fortiter angustato, crebre apice vix parcius

punctato. Long. 1 lin.

H. pilosiventris, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 106;

Acrotona pilosiventris, Th. Sk. Col. 11. 38. H. stercoraria,

Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 319.

Antenne pitchy-black, rather short, moderately stout,

slightly thickened towards the apex ; jomt three short, not

quite so long as two, distinctly narrowed towards the base,

four to ten a little transverse, four a little broader than

three, and five than four, after this but little difference

in the length and breadth till the eleventh, which is

rather large, about as long as the two preceding. The

head is rather small, distinctly narrower than the thorax,

much narrower than the elytra, moderately closely and

finely punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than

the elytra, more than half as broad again as long, distinctly

arched transversely, and narrower at the anterior than

at the posterior angles, closely and rather finely punc-

tured, always with a longitudinal channel in front of the

scutellum, sometimes short, and sometimes extending

the whole length of the thorax. The elytra are about

a third or fourth longer than the thorax, of a pitchy or

pitchy-black colour, moderately closely and distinctly

punctured. The abdomen is black, strongly narrowed

behind, pretty closely, evenly and densely punctured,

the apical segments a little more sparingly than the

basal ones; its pubescence is long, depressed and dis-

tinct, and the sides and apex are furnished pretty numer-

ously with black, rather rigid, long, outstanding hairs.

The legs are pitchy-yellow, the middle and posterior

tibie furnished, on the outside, just below the knee,

with a rather stout distinct outstanding seta.

British Species of Homalota. 261

Not common. I have found it in dung at Thornhill,

in the New Forest, and near London.

Obs.—There is, in the British Museum, an insect sent

by Kraatz, as H. stercoraria ; it is in very bad condition,

but does not, I think, belong to this species. Never-

theless, I am pretty sure that the species above described

is Kraatz’s stercoraria, as his description is very good,

and applies thoroughly, with the exception of the pre-

liminary remarks, about which there appears to be some

confusion. —

Group XXII. Abdomen distinctly narrowed towards

the apex, thorax distinctly narrowed in front, apical seg-

ments of the abdomen sparingly, or not at all punctured.

(Species 149—157).

This group also contains species differmg im many

respects from one another, but associated in order to

facilitate reference. The species apparently all occur

among moss and leaves. WH. cribrata appears to me a

species of which the affinities are but little marked;

while H. notha is one of the most remarkable species of

the genus.

149. Homalota fusca.

Fusca, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque testa-

ceis, elytris anoque ferrugineis; thorace transverso,

canaliculato; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 crebre,

5° et 6° parcius punctatis. Long. 14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice evidenter

4-dentato.

Aleochara fusca, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 371. H. vernacula,

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 181; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 315;

Atheta vernacula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 84. H. laticollis, Wat.

Cat.

Antennz yellow, more or less infuscate after the

third joint, moderately long, a little thickened towards

the apex, and furnished with fine exserted hairs ; joints

two and three moderately long, three a little longer and

more slender than two, four smaller than the others,

about as long as broad, five to seven each a little longer

than broad, eight to ten scarcely so long as broad ;

262 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

eleventh joint rather stout, gently pointed, scarcely so

long as the two preceding together. The head is con-

siderably narrower than the thorax, rather broad and

short, black, closely and distinctly punctured, palpi

yellowish. The thorax is broad, at the base as broad as

the elytra, about twice as broad as long, the sides gently

rounded, a little narrower at the anterior than at the

posterior angles, of an obscure fuscous colour, a little

paler at the sides, closely and distinctly punctured, with

a central longitudinal channel, pubescence fine and short,

exserted sete at the sides almost none. The elytra are

about a third longer than the thorax, of a yellowish

colour, closely and pretty distinctly punctured. The

abdomen is distinctly narrowed towards the apex, and is

of a blackish colour with the extremity paler, segments

two to four .closely and rather finely, five and six more

sparingly and finely, punctured; the outstanding seteo

at the sides not numerous. The legs are yellow, the

tibize without exserted sete.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the

seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four dis-

tinct teeth; they are about equidistant from one another,

the external ones rather finer and longer than the inner

ones, but the notch between the two inner ones is a

little the deeper.

In the female, the hind margin of the seventh seg-

ment is simple, both above and below.

Common, both in England and Scotland.

Obs.—It is stated, both by Kraatz and Thomson, that

the seventh ventral abdominal plate is emarginate in the

female of this species. This, however, I do not find to

be the case.

150. Homalota subsinuata.

_ Nigra, parum nitida, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus

fuscis, ano obscure piceo; capite minore, thorace duplo

angustiore; thorace transverso, subtiliter canaliculato,

transversim convexiusculo; abdomine apicem versus

leviter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 crebre distinctius,

5° et 6° parcius, punctatis. Long. 1-13 ln.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato.

Fem.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio

leviter emarginato.

British Species of Homalota. 263

__ . subsinuata, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 125; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. ii. 316. H. castanipes, Wat. Cat. Acrotona

jimetaria, Th. Sk. Col. i. 37.

This species is distinguished amongst its allies by its

small head, the abdomen but little narrowed towards the

apex, and strongly and moderately closely punctured.

The antenne are blackish, with the first joint pitchy ;

moderately short, not stout, a little thickened towards

the apex ; joints two and three moderately long, of about

equal length, four to ten each slightly broader than its

predecessor, of the first of them the length differs but

little from the breadth, and the last ones are but little

shorter than broad; the eleventh joint is rather stout,

about as long as the two preceding together. The head

is small and rounded, about half as broad as the thorax,

finely and moderately closely punctured. The thorax is,

at the base, about as broad as the elyira, about half as

broad again as long, distinctly narrower at the anterior

than at the posterior angles, pretty closely and finely

punctured, with a moderately distinct central longitudinal

channel, the exserted setz of the sides indistinct. The

elytra are about a fourth longer than the thorax, pitchy-

black or blackish, closely, moderately finely, and dis-

tinctly punctured. The abdomen is black and shining,

narrowed from behind the middle to the apex, which is

pitchy ; segments two to four are rather closely and dis-

tinctly punctured, five and six more finely and sparingly

punctured, the pubescence is distinct and rather rough,

the outstanding sete of the sides and apex rather

numerous, but not long. The legs are pitchy-yellow;

the middle tibize each with a short seta in the middle,

posterior ones with the sete undeveloped.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh abdo-

minal segment is a little produced in the middle, while

in the female it is furnished with distinct black cilia,

and rather broadly and not deeply emarginate.

In England and Scotland, but not very common;

generally found among moss and dead leaves, in the

spring.

151. Homalota pulchra.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis thoracis lateribus anoque

fuscis, pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his circa scutellum

264 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

angulisque apicis infuscatis; thorace transverso; abdo-

mine supra segmentis 2-4 minus crebre, 5° et 6° parcius

punctatis. Long. 1} ln.

H. pulchra, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 11. 321; Wat. Cat.

Antenne rather slender, of a dirty yellowish colour, a

little thickened towards the apex; first jomt stout, two

and three of nearly equal length, four to ten differing

but little from one another in length, the first of them

longer than broad, the last scarcely so long as broad;

eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding to-

gether. The head is rather broad, considerably narrower

than the thorax, black and shining, indistinctly punc-

tured. The thorax is, at the base, about as broad as the

elytra, of a pitchy colour, a little paler at the sides, more

than half as broad again as long, a little narrower at the

anterior than at the posterior angles, sparingly punc-

tured, with a very indistinct impression at the base in

front of the scutellum, with a few short exserted sete at

the sides. The elytra are about a third longer than the

thorax, of a shining yellowish colour, with indistinct in-

fuscation about the scutellum and towards the external

angles, rather coarsely but shallowly punctured. The

abdomen is black and shining, moderately narrowed to-

wards the apex, which is pitchy or yellowish; segments

two to four are rather sparingly but distinctly punctured,

five and six finely and very sparingly punctured, the

outstanding sete of the sides rather long and distinct.

Legs yellow; tibize without sete.

The male is only to be distinguished by the ventral

plate of the seventh segment of the abdomen being nar-

rowed, and rather more produced than in the female.

Rare. Ihave found it at Horning in Norfolk, in the

neighbourhood of London, and on the Braid Hills at

Edinburgh, in the early spring.

152. Homalota orbata.

Nigra, nitida, antennis nigro-fuscis, elytris brunneis,

pedibus testaceis; thorace convexiusculo, transverso,

parce subtiliter punctato, et tenuissime pubescente ;

abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre, 5° et 6° parcius

punctatis. Long. 1} ln.

British Species of Homalota. 265

H. orbata, Er. Kaif. Brand. i. 339; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 182; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 322; Wat. Cat. ;

Acrotona orbata, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 39.

Closely allied to H. fungi, but with darker antenne,

rather longer thorax, which is also more delicately punc-

tured and pubescent, and with brownish elytra. The

antenne are blackish or pitchy, pretty distinctly pilose,

slightly thickened towards the apex; joints two and

three of about equal length, four rather longer than

broad, five to seven about as long as broad, eight to ten

scarcely transverse; eleventh joint moderately stout,

about as long as the two preceding together. The head

is rather small, much narrower than the thorax, black

and shining, very finely and indistinctly punctured. The

thorax is black, the sides sometimes pitchy, as broad as

the elytra, about one-half or one-third broader than long,

the sides rounded, narrower at the anterior than at the

posterior angles, transversely convex, very finely and

not closely punctured. The abdomen is black and

shining, narrowed towards the apex, which is sometimes

paler; seements two to four distinctly and pretty closely

punctured, five a little more sparingly, six sparingly

punctured; the outstanding sete of the sides and apex

are numerous and distinct. The legs are yellow, the

tibize without exserted sete.

The male is only to be distinguished by the ventral

plate of the seventh abdominal segment being narrower

and longer than in the female.

Rare ; and in this country found only in sandy places

on the coast. Deal, Weymouth, Aberlady, Arbroath.

153. Homalota fungi.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis pedibusque testaceis ; illis

sat tenuibus, subtiliter pilosellis, articulis haud trans-

versis ; capite thorace multo minore ; hoc transverso, con-

vexiusculo, equali, vel obsolete canaliculato, elytrorum

fere longitudinis; abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et

6° parcius punctatis. Long. 1} lin.

Var.—H. dubia. Antennis apicem versus subincras-

satis, articulo penultimo fere transverso ; thorace breviore.

Aleochara fungi, Grav. Mon. 157; H. fungi, Er. Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 131; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 321; Wat.

Cat.; Acrotona fungi, Th. Sk. Col. i. 38.

266 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

An obscurely coloured species, distinctly narrowed both

before and behind, and with the thorax largely developed

in proportion to the elytra. The antenne are yellowish,

scarcely at all thickened towards the apex, finely but dis-

tinctly pilose; joints two and three moderately long, of

about equal length, four not so long as five, longer than

broad, five to ten differing but little from one another in

length or breadth; in the type, the length of each joint

is greater than its breadth, while in the var. dubia, the

penultimate jointis scarcely so long as broad; the eleventh

joint is rather long, gently pointed, as long as the two

preceding together. The head is small, much narrower

than the thorax, rounded, finely and indistinctly punc-

tured ; the palpi are dirty yellow. The thorax is as broad

as (almost broader than) the elytra, half as broad again as

long, transversely convex, the sides rounded, narrower

at the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely but not

closely punctured, with or without an obscure central

longitudinal channel, with a few short, indistinct, exserted

setz at the sides. The elytra are but little longer than

the thorax, blackish or pitchy-black, pretty closely and

distinctly but shallowly punctured, the apex on each side

sinuate at the external angles. The abdomen is black

and rather shining; segments two to four distinctly and

pretty closely punctured, fifth segment a little more fine-

ly and sparingly, sixth segment sparingly punctured; the

outstanding set of the sides and apex are distinct and

numerous. Legs yellow, posterior tibize without exserted

sete.

The male is only to be distinguished from the female,

by the narrower and more produced apical part of the

ventral plate of the seventh abdominal segment.

Very common all over the country, in moss and dead

leaves.

Obs.—The var. dubia has shorter antenne and thorax,

and on this account, I formerly considered it a variety of

H. clientula, but in colour and punctuation it agrees better

with H. fungi. It is more abundant than the type.

154. Homalota clientula.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis pedibusque testaceis, elytris

anoque ferrugineis; thorace transverso; abdomine supra

segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et 6° parcius punctatis. Long.

1 hn.

British Species of Homalota. 267

H. clientula, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 183; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. 11. 322; Wat. Cat.

Very closely allied to H. fungi, and probably only a

variety of that species; but smaller, not so broad in the

middle, the antennz in proportion to the size somewhat

stouter, the punctuation of the thorax and elytra rather

closer and finer, and the colour brighter. The sides of

the thorax are paler than the centre, the elytra are

yellowish or brownish, a little darker about the scutel-

lum, and the extremity of the abdomenis pitchy or yellow-

ish, as are also sometimes the margins of the segments.

Tolerably common, both in England and Scotland.

155. Homalota orphana.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque obscure

testaceis, elytris nigro-fuscis; thorace fortiter trans-

verso, convexiusculo, equali; elytris hoc longioribus ;

abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et 6° parcius punc-

tatis. Long. 2 lin.

H. orphana, Er, Kif. Brand. i. 340; Gen. et Spec.

Staph. 183; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 323; Acrotona orphana,

TheSk, Col, in. 39,

Allied to H. fungi, but much smaller, and proportion-

ately broader and shorter. The antenne are pitchy,

paler at the base, distinctly thickened towards the apex ;

joint three nearly as long as two, but more slender, four

and five each about as long as broad, the following ones

shghtly transverse ; eleventh joint nearly as long as the

two preceding together. The head is rather broad and

short, much narrower than the thorax, finely and indis-

tinctly punctured. The thorax is, at the base, about as

broad as the elytra, its breadth about twice its length,

narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,

finely and moderately closely punctured. The elytra are

about a third or fourth longer than the thorax, closely

and distinctly punctured, The abdomen is distinctly

narrowed towards the apex, segments two to four closely

and distinctly punctured, fifth segment rather more

sparingly punctured, sixth segment still more spar-

ingly punctured. Legs pitchy, tibie without exserted

sete. ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869.—PART III, (JUNE). U

268 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

Very rare; single specimens have occurred at Ham-

mersmith Marshes, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood

of London.

156. Homalota cribrata.

Brevior, nigra, vix nitida, pedibus fusco-testaceis, con-

fertim evidenter punctata; capite thorace multo minore,

hoc transverso; abdomine apicem versus attenuato, supra

segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter, 5° et 6° sat parce punc-

tatis. Long. 3 lin.

H. cribrata, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. 1. 288.

A small species, distinguished by its short broad form,

with comparatively strong punctuation; narrowed both

before and behind. The antenne are pitchy-black, rather

short, not stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex;

joint two is stout, much longer and stouter than three,

four to ten each a little stouter than its predecessor, four

about as broad as three, nearly as long as broad, five

slightly transverse, ten distinctly so; the eleventh joint

is rather short, pointed, about as long as the two pre-

ceding. The head is rather broad in proportion to its

length, much narrower than the thorax, only half the

width of the elytra, closely, regularly, and distinctly

punctured, pubescence scarcely visible. The thorax is a

little narrower than the elytra, its breadth nearly twice

its length, the sides gently rounded, the base more dis-

tinctly so, a little narrower at the anterior than at the

posterior angles, closely and finely but distinctly punc-

tured, the pubescence short and indistinct. The elytra

are pitchy-black, a third or fourth longer than the thorax,

closely and distinctly punctured, the punctuation being

rather rugulose, their pubescence more distinct than that

of the head and thorax. The abdomen is broad, distinct-

ly narrowed to the apex; segments two to four are closely

finely and distinctly punctured, fifth segment rather more

sparingly, sixth sparingly, punctured. Legs pitchy-

yellow.

I have seen only two or three specimens of this species,

one of which I captured myself near Croydon.

Obs.—I have identified H. cribrata only by description,

it being apparently as rare abroad as in this country.

Kraatz remarks, that among the Hrichsonian specimens

British Species of Homalota. 269

of H. inconspicua are two of this species; the punctua-

tion of the head certainly resembles that of H. inconspicua,

but the sculpture of the elytra is very different. The

position of the species in the genus is not very easy

to determine.

157. Homalota notha.

Brevissima, fusca, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis,

distincte pubescens; thorace brevi, elytris hujus longi-

tudinis ; abdomine lateribus fere rotundatis, supra parce

et obsolete punctato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; elytris angulo suturali tuberculo elevato in-

structo; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio

anguste emarginato.

H. notha, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 126; Kr. Ins.

Deutsch. u. 323.

The most discordant species of the genus; very broad

and short, and having the appearance of a Gyrophena

as much as of a Homalota. The antennz are moderately

long, distinctly pilose, thickened towards the apex, the

basal joints reddish, the apical ones infuscate; joint

three finer and a little shorter than two, four also.

slender, longer than broad, five about as long as broad,

the following ones transverse, the tenth distinctly trans-

verse; eleventh joint short, stout and pointed, about

twice as long as the tenth. The head is broad, but much

narrower than the thorax, black and shining, indistinctly

but not altogether finely punctured. The thorax is’

nearly as broad as the elytra, very short, more than

twice as broad as long, transversely convex, narrower at

the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely and in-

distinctly punctured, with rather long, distinct, some-

what scanty pubescence. The elytra are about as long

as the thorax, pretty closely and distinctly punctured,

pubescence distinct and rather long, the sides with a

few distinct outstanding sete. The abdomen is flat

above, dilated and convex beneath, the sides rounded

and furnished with outstanding setz, the margins of the

segments finely and indistinctly punctured and pubes-

cent. The legs are reddish-yellow, the tarsi rather

stout.

270 Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the

In the male, each elytron is furnished at the apex,

close to the suture, with a distinct elevated tubercle ;

the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh segment of

the abdomen has a notch in the middle, and the hind

margin projects somewhat on each side of the notch.

Found, very rarely, by Mr. Brewer, on grassy banks,

at the sides of the Medway, near Chatham.

Obs.—I have seen this species alive, and find that it

not only simulates a Gyrophcena in appearance, but that

the abdomen is doubled up over the head when the insect

walks about, exactly as in Hncephalus complicans.

IN DEX.

Sxcrion A. (p. 93). Section E, (pp. 93, 184).

Group I. (p. 94). Group XIII. (p. 184).

Group II. (p. 103). Group XIV. (p. 187).

Group III. (p. 109). :

Group IV. (p. 117). Group XV. (p. 193).

Group V. (p. 127). Srection F. (pp. 93, 216).

Srcrion B. (pp. 93, 138). Group XVI. (p. 216).

Group VI. (p. 1388). Group XVII. (p. 225).

Group VII. (p. 142). Suction G. (pp. 98, 232).

Sxction C. (pp. 93, 160). Group XVIII. (p. 232).

Group VIII. (p. 160).

Group IX. (p. 165).

Srotion D. (pp. 93, 169).

Group X. (p. 169).

Group XI. (p. 174).

Group XII. (p. 180).

Srction H. (pp. 94, 234).

Group XIX. (p. 234).

Group XX. (p. 240).

Group XXI, (p. 254).

Group XXII. (p. 261).

British Species of Homalota.

271

Alphabetical List of Species.

H. egra, Heer, p. 164.

eneicollis, Sh., p. 189.

equata, Er., p. 152.

analis, Gray., p. 175.

anceps, Er., p. 232.

angusticollis, Th., p. 210.

angustula, Gyl., p. 153.

aterryma, Gray., p. 256.

atomaria, Kr., p. 214.

atramenturia, Gyl., p. 250.

atricolor, Sh., p. 230.

Aubei, Bris., p. 171.

autumnalis, Kr., p. 224.

boletobia, Th., p. 202.

brunnea, Fab., p. 184.

cadaverina, Bris., p. 245.

cesula, Er., p. 159.

cambrica, Woll., p. 100.

canescens, Sh., p. 239.

carbonaria, Sahl., p. 114.

cavifrons, Sh., p. 177.

celata, Hr., p. 237.

cinnamomed, Grav., p. 216.

cinnamoptera, Th., p. 247.

circellaris, Grav., p. 160.

clavipes, Sh., p. 124.

clientula, Kr., p. 266.

confusa, Mark., p. 234.

coriaria, Kyr., p. 204.

corvina, Th., p. 212.

crassicornis, Gyl., p. 135.

cribrata, Kr., p. 268.

cribriceps, Sh., p. 166.

currac, Kr., p. 94.

curtipennis, Sh., p. 173.

cuspidata, Er., p. 168.

debilis, Er., p. 157.

decipiens, Sh., p. 179.

deformis, Ky., p. 159.

delicatula, Sh., p. 107.

dilaticornis, Kr., p. 220.

diversa, Sh., p. 201.

divisa, Mark., p. 208.

Hichoffi, Seri., p. 99.

elegantula, Bris., p. 161.

elongatula, Grav., p. 121.

eremita, Rye, p. 169.

exoarata, Sh., p. 186.

excellens, Kr., p. 146.

evilis, Eir., p. 180.

eximia, Sh., p. 103.

fallaciosa, Sh., p. 157.

fallaw, Kr., p. 116.

flavipes, Gray., p. 233.

fragilis, Kr., p. 104.

fungi, Grav., p. 265.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART III.

H. fungicola, Th., p. 199.

fungivora Th., p. 144.

fusca, Sahl., p. 261.

gagatina, Bau., p. 206.

gemina, Er., p. 172.

germana, Sh., p. 235.

graminicola, Gray., p. 137.

gregaria, Hr., p. 126.

Hatobrectha, Sh., p. 139.

hepatica, Hr., p. 186.

hodierna, Sh., p. 236.

hospita, Mark., p. 217.

hybrida, Sh., p. 196.

hygrotopora, Kr., p. 120.

ignobilis, Sh., p. 200.

imbecilla, Wat., p. 110.

immersa, Hr., p. 165.

incana, Hr., p. 150.

incognita, Sh., p. 191.

indisereta, Sh., p. 228.

indubia, Sh., p. 227.

inquinula, Gray., p. 231.

imsecta, Th., p. 97.

intermedia, Th., p. 242.

labilis, Kr., p. 113.

levana, Muls., p. 246.

languida, Er., p. 95.

linearis, Grav., p. 154.

littorea, Sh., p. 109.

londinensis, Sh., p. 118.

longicornis, Grav., p. 245.

longula, Heer, p. 105.

luridipennis, Man., p. 117.

luteipes, Ey., p. 111.

macrocera, Th., p. 244.

marcida, Hr., p. 240.

melanaria, Sahl., p. 254.

monticola, Th., p. 147.

mortuorum, Th., p. 229.

muscorum, Bris., p. 259.

nigella, Er., p. 151.

nigra, Kr., p. 234.

nigricornis, Th., p. 209.

nigritula, Gyl., p. 203.

nitidula, Kr., p. 129.

notha, Er., p. 269.

oblita, Er., p. 222.

oblongiuscula, Sh., p. 130.

occulta, Er., p. 143.

orbata, Hr., p. 264.

orphana, Wr., p. 267.

pagana, Hr., p. 136.

pallens, Redt., p. 181.

palleola, Hr., p. 181.

palustris, Kies., p. 211.

poralleia, Man., p. 183.

(JUNE) . x

272

Dr, Sharp’s Revision of Homalota.

IN DEX—continued.

HA parva, Sahl., p. 253.

pavens, Hr., p. 98.

perexigua, Sh., p. 215.

picipes, Th., p. 145.

pilicornis, Th., p. 155.

piloswentris, Th., p. 260,

plana, Gyl., p. 167.

planifrons, Wat., p. 102.

plumbea, Wat., p. 114.

princeps, Sh., p. 142.

puberula, Sh., p. 213.

pulchra, Kr., p. 263.

puncticeps, Th., p. 140.

pygmea, Grav., p. 257.

rufotestacea, Kr., p. 163.

scapularis, Sahl., p. 218.

sericea, Muls., p. 225.

setigera, Sh., p. 251.

silvicola, Fuss, p. 132.

simillima, Sh., p. 177.

sodalis, Er., p. 205.

sordidula, Er., p. 238.

soror, Ky., p. 178.

H. splendens, Ky., p. 163.

subenea, Sh., p. 187.

subglabra, Sh., p. 149.

subsinuata, Er., p. 262.

subterranea, Muls., p. 219.

subtilis, Scri., p. 226.

subtilissima, Kr., p. 108.

succicola, Th., p. 193.

testaceipes, Heer, p. 221.

testudinea, Er., p. 255.

tibialis, Heer, p. 125.

triangulum, Kyr., p. 198.

trinotata, Kr., p. 194.

valida, Kr., p. 192.

validiuscula, Kyr., p. 182.

vestita, Gray., p. 128.

vicina, Ste., p. 133.

vilis, Hr., p. 174.

villosula, Kr., p. 249.

volams, Sceri., p. 122.

aanthoptera, Ste., p. 189.

wvanthopus, Th., p. 196.

( 273 )

XV. Descriptions of new or little known forms of Diurnal.

Lepidoptera. By Arruur G. Butusr, F.L.S., &e.

[Read 3rd May, 1869.]

Araynnis Aciara, Linn., aberr. (PI. V. figs. 2, 3.)

9. Differt supra a forma communi maculis externis

alarum anticarum obsoletis, venis ad marginem externum

nigro-dilatatis, disco et area basali posticarum nigris,

annulis autem quatuor discalibus margine externo sub-

parallelis fulvis; margine externo late fulvo, immaculato,

a venis nigro-dilatatis disrupto. Subtus characteribus

basalibus anticarum confusis nigro innatis, punctis sex

discalibus transversis serie undata, area apicali flavido-

olivacea ad angulum ani fulvescente, striis duabus apud

apicem argenteis; posticis olivaceis, area basali omnino

argentea, a venis olivaceis interrupta, maculis discalibus

partim obscuratis, plagis septem magnis a venis separatis

argenteis diffusis, margine externo pallido, immaculato.

Hab.—Helvetia (Chamouny). Coll. mihi.

This very interesting specimen was exhibited at a

recent meeting of the Entomological Society (Proc. Ent.

Soc. 1869, p. vii); Mr. McLachlan informs me that the

same form exists in the collection of Mr. Bond, but as it

seems never to have been described or figured, it is high

time that some notice should be taken of it. I caught

the insect on a slope facing the Mt. Blanc range, where

it was flying about in company with male specimens of

Aglaia and Niobe ; these two forms are constantly together,

vary into one another, chase one another about, and show

every sign of being one and the same species.

Cuaraxes Erusirr, Godart. (Pl. V. figs. 5, 6, ¢.)

3 Nymphalis Htheta, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 356

(1819); Griffith’s An. Kingd. Ins. Lep. pl. 2, fig. 4.

2 Papilio Etheocles, Drury (nec Fabr.) Ill. 3, pl. 10 (1800).

2 Nymphalis Htesipe, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 855

(1819).

Hab.—Sierra Leone. 6, Coll. Swanzy.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT Iv. (AUGUST). Y

274 Mr. A. G. Butler on

The sexes of this species have hitherto been kept

separate, probably on account of the rarity of the insect,

and the exceedingly poor figure of the male in Guérin’s

Iconographie (copied in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom); in

this figure, the tails are much too stout and clumsy, the

entire build of the insect is incorrect, the colourimg under-

done, and only the uppersurface is represented; a mo-

derately fine example lately received by Mr. Swanzy from

Sierra Leone, has given me an opportunity of correcting

this error.

Godart describes Htheta as follows :—

“Nym. alis supra atro-czruleis, dimidio apicali caru-

lescenti-maculatis: subtus albis, nigro ferrugineoque mar-

moratis.

“Tt differs from Htesipe in that it is smaller, and the

uppersurface of the wings exhibits towards the margin

two transverse rows of pale blue spots; the hind-wings,

moreover, in that the white discoidal band is altogether

wanting; only the uppersurface of the front wings is

marked with some white spots between the disc and the

centre of the costa. From the West Coast of Africa.

“N.B. Might not this be the male of Htesipe?”

The natural position of Htesipe is evidently between C.

Jocaste,* Butler, and C. Tiridates, Fabricius, the under-

surface being most like the former, the uppersurface more

closely resembling the latter species.

ApatuRA ZALMUNNA, sp. nov. (Pl. V. fig. 4.)

3. Ale supra nigro-fusce, striolis nonnullis anti-

carum discoidalibus inconspicuis pallidis, punctis tribus

albidis subapicalibus serie angulata positis, striolaque

submarginali in alis ambabus pallide brunnea; corpus

nigro-fuscum. Subtus, alee antice area basali fulva, apicali

nigro-fusca; apice plaga squamosa glaucescente; macula

discoidea, altera striolari pone cellam, maculisque discali-

bus duodecim hic illue positis, albidis; posticee glauces-

centes, lineis tribus obscurioribus et albo fulvoque varie ;

corpus luteo-albidum. Exp. alar. unc. 2,3..

Hab.—Brazilia. Brit. Mus.

Presented to the Collection by General Hardwicke.

* Felder’s C. Achwmenes is the male of C. Jocaste; my sectional de-

scription taken in connection with the locality, sufficiently characterized

the insect, so that Felder’s name must sink into a synonym.

Diurnal Lepidoptera.

Paritio Mrrorz, Cramer. (Pl. V. fig. 1.)

@ P. Cenea, var., Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, pl. 29, figs. 1,

la (1779).

Hab.—Graham’s Town. Coll. Higgins.

This variety, kindly lent to me by Mr. Higgins, is

chiefly interesting as being a connecting link between

the two forms of P. Cenea figured in Mr. Trimen’s paper,

lately published in the Transactions of the Linnean

Society (vol. xxvi, p. 497, pl. 43, figs.3, 4); it also to a cer-

tain extent explains the modification of Cenea into Hippo-

coon (which is apparently one of the most difficult colour

transitions accomplished by this species) inasmuch as it

is almost intermediate between Cenea and the variety of

Hippocoon, represented at fig. 2 of Mr. Trimen’s plate,

the pattern, but not the colouring, of the hindwings being

the same with that of the latter form.

I cannot quite agree with all Mr. Trimen’s conclusions

respecting P. Merope, for it seems to me, that though we

have every evidence that all the forms of this type now

existing have been modified from one original species, until

we can show a series of transitional varieties uniting them

all together, we shall be obliged to consider some of them

at least as distinct local species; the Western form indeed

is so different even in the male sex from its Southern

representative, that it can be at once distinguished; the

same sex also differs a little from less distant localities,

although not at all to the same extent that the female

does, yet, since amount of difference does not constitute

a species, the slightest constant character is of importance.

The forms of the Merope group in the Collection of the

British Museum are as under—

(1). Papilio Merope.

(a.) Cenea.

3. Al anticas macula subapicali elongata velut in

femina, margine externo distincté undato; margine cos-

tali nigro paululum in cellam errante: postice cauda

partim nigra; subtus fundo basali albido, apicali ochreo.

2 Cenea, Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, pl. 29, fig. 1 (1791).

3, 2, Zoolu Country. Presented by G. F. Angas, Esq.,

and Sir Andrew Smith.

y 2

276 Mr. A. G. Butler on Diurnal Lepidoptera.

fa.a.) Cenea, var.

3 Ale antice margine externo dentato-sinuato, macula

subapicali minore; posticee fascia lata discali nigra ali-

quando interrupta; subtus fundo obscuriore ochraceo.

@ Cenea, var., maculis anticarum albis. Trimen in

Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. tab. 43, fig. 4 (1869).

3, 2, Port Natal. Obtained 1858. Collected by Mr.

Gueinzius.

(b.) Merope (true).

& Merope, Cramer, Pap. Exot.ii. pl. 151, figs. A, B (1779).

2? Trophonius, Westwood, Arcana Entom. pl. 39, figs. 1, 2.

3 Knysna. Presented 1859, by R. Trimen, Esq. ;

? from Mr. Milne’s Collection.

The typical Merope, excepting in form, is on the upper-

surface much like the male of Meriones, but the tails of

the hind-wings are uniformly of a pale ochre colour; the

undersurface of the hind-wings is also paler than in the

other Southern males.

(2). Papilio Brutus.

(a.) Brutus.

$ Brutus, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. p. 13 (1781).

@ Hippocoon, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 88 (1793).

Sierra Leone. ¢ presented by the Rev. D. F. Morgan ;

2 collected 1858, by Mr. James Foxcroft.

The male of this form, which agrees with the Sulfureus

(sic) of Palisot de Beauvois, differs from Cramer’s Merope

in its greater length of wing, and the very pale colouring

of the undersurface of the hind-wings.

(b.) MNiavius.

3 Bruto similis at major, margine quoque anticarum

externo multo latiore.

9 Niavius, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 234, fig. A (1782).

Ashanti. ¢ from Mr. Stothard’s collection; 2 ob-

tained 1844, from the collection of the Wesleyan Mis-

sionary Society.

This is also the Niavius of Palisot de Beauvois; it may

be at once distinguished from Hippocoon by its much

greater size, and more elongate wings; the Ashanti forms

of Danais Niavius and of Diadema Anthedon differ from

the Sierra Leone forms in the same particulars.

( 277)

XVI. Notes on Hastern Butterflies (continued). By

Atrrep R. Watace, F.Z.8., V.-P. Ent. Soc., &c.

[Read 3rd May, 1869. |

Genus Diaprema,

In Doubleday, Westwood, and Hewitson’s Genera of

Diurnal Lepidoptera this genus included six or seven

others, which were most of them characterized and

named as subgenera, or sections. These are now

generally considered as distinct genera, since they offer

remarkable structural differences, and mostly inhabit

distinct geographical regions. The genus thus restricted

will contain eighteen species, only two of which do not

inhabit the Malay Archipelago. One of these, Diademu

Salmacis, is found in Africa, and a beautiful new one,

apparently allied to it (Diadema Dewithea) has been de-

scribed by Mr. Hewitson, from Madagascar. ‘I'wo of

the commonest species, Diadema Bolina, L. (Auge, Cr.)

and D. Misippus, L. (Bolina, Cr.), have an immense

range, from Australia and the Pacific to India and Africa,

but no other species of the restricted genus is found in

continental India, and all but two are inhabitants of the

Austro-Malayan region, which we may therefore look

upon as the probable birth-place of the group, as indi-

cated by the following table :—

atin. | Tata, | ado aay Austin Mae

DIADEMA. beats —

2 Species . . 2 - - -

2 Species . 2 2 2 2

1 Species. .| - - 1 -

13 Species . - - . 13

Total18 Species . .| 4 2 3 15

It is remarkable that the African D. Salmacis should

most resemble in its colouration and general appearance

a species inhabiting Celebes, D. Diomea ; one of the little

group of facts which point to some unknown mode of

connection in former times between these remote por-

tions of the earth,

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—Parr iv. (AUGUST).

278 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

This genus, and those which have been separated from

it, furnish us with examples of almost all the anomalies

of variation. Some species present an amount of varia-

tion perhaps greater than any to be found among butter-

flies; others scarcely vary at all. The sexes are, in some

species, absolutely without a feature of their colouration

in common; in others they are hardly distinguishable.

In a large number of species there is the most wonder-

ful mimicry of other groups, so that they have been

mistaken for Danaide and Acreide, and there is, perhaps,

nothing more striking than the accurate manner in which

some African species imitate the striped and spotted

Acree, which inhabit the very same districts. In the

Eastern islands the protective mimicry has sometimes

caused the usual sexual characters to be completely re-

versed, which has led to confusion in the determination

of the species.

Papilio Vitellia, figured by Cramer, has been usually

placed in this genus, but specimens collected by myself

in the original locality, Amboyna, show it to be a species

of Hlymnias.

DIADEMA, Boisduval.

1. Drapema Bourna.

Papilio Bolina, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. Reg. p. 295;

Syst. Nat. ii. 781. Clerck, Icon. t. 21.

Papilio Auge, Cram. 190, A. B.

Papilio Lasinassa, Cram. 205, A. B.; Fabr. Ent.

Syst. ii. pt. i. p. 127.

?. Papiho Iphigenia, Cram. 67, D. E.

Cramer figures as distinct species eight varieties of

the female, and many others exist in collections. I do

not repeat the references to all these, which are to be

found in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’ Moore’s

“Catalogue of the East Indian Museum,” and other

works. I would remark, however, that Porphyria and

Velleda of Cramer, usually placed with this species, seem

to me to be females of Diadema Alimena.

Hab.—KEvery island in the Archipelago, as well as

India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. (S. Africa ?).

Mr. Butler has pointed out to me, that Clerck’s figure,

the only one quoted by Linnzeus, undoubtedly represents

CSsOy

on Hastern Butterflies. 279

the same insect as that which has hitherto been termed

Auge or Lasinassa, with which the detailed description

in Mus. Ludovice Ulrice perfectly agrees, while it will

not at all apply to the Bolina of Cramer. This error

originated with Cramer, who quotes Linneus and Clerck

for his Papilio Bolina, which is a different insect, to

which it will now be necessary to apply the name of

Misippus, given to the female by Linneus. Cramer’s

mistake has been unfortunately adopted by all succeed-

ing authors, who seem never to have compared the two

insects with the original description and figure. The

alteration at this late period will, therefore, cause much

confusion, but unless the law of priority is abandoned,

no other course is open to me.

This is an exceedingly wide-spread and variable

species. The male is tolerably constant, but presents

three decided modifications. That which extends over

the whole continent of India, is generally distinguished

by a row of white points behind the blue and white spot

_ on the hind-wing, and the white bands across the wings

on the underside are well marked. Those of the Malayan

and Polynesian countries never have the white dots, and

seldom have the bands beneath so distinctly marked.

Clerck’s figure closely resembles an Indian specimen

without the white dots. Cramer’s figures represent the

two most common Malayan forms of the male insect.

Papilio Auge is the most abundant, and with it are

associated females of the type of his P. Iphigenia.

Papilio Lasinassa is a larger insect, in which the blue

gloss completely covers the white spots, the margins are

less deeply scallopped and less distinctly spotted with

white, while on the underside the white transverse bands

are nearly or quite absent, and the submarginal lunules

are larger, deeper, and placed closer to the submarginal

line. The large dusky and yellow-banded females, such

as P. Manlia, P. Hriphile, &c., seem to belong to this

form, which is most commonly met with in the Moluccas

and the Pacific Islands. The most common females of

the Indian form (P. Perimele, Cram. 67, B.) are also very

distinct looking insects. In the British Museum are

some remarkable specimens from the Philippine Islands,

in which the male has the spot on the hind-wings reduced

to a mere blue gloss without any paler centre, so that in

most lights it is invisible; but without a large series

280 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

from this locality, it would be impossible to determine

how far this is linked to the more ordinary forms by in-

termediate types. We seem, therefore, to have here a

species partly separated into several tolerably distinct

forms or races, which only require to be isolated by

changes of land and sea to become well-marked species.

It may also be remarked, that although the sexes are

generally strikingly different, there are individuals whose

sex 1t 18s impossible to determine without an examina-

tion of their structural characters, and which form a com-

plete gradation from one to the other. If any Hntomo-

logist would devote himself to the study of this species,

by collecting every possible variety of form from every

locality in which it is found, it would alone furnish

materials for a most instructive essay, which might go

far towards elucidating the process of the formation of

species.

2. Drapema Mistppus.

2. Papilio Misippus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 767.

9. Papilio Diocippus, Cram. 28, B. C.; Fabr. Ent. ~

Syst. m1. pt. i. p. 51.

@. Papilio Inaria, Cram. 214, A. B.

é. Papilio Bolina, Cram. 65, E. F. (nec Linn.).

Hab.—Java, Borneo, Lombock, Timor, Celebes, India,

China, Formosa, Australia, Africa.

This species is remarkable for the striking contrast of

the sexes: the female resembles Danais Chrysippus, mm

company with which I have often taken it flying, when

the two were indistinguishable. Specimens occasion-

ally show a shght approach of the sexes to each other,

and in the British Museum is a hermaphrodite, one side

of which is male, and the other female. The form Jnaria,

which seems common in Africa, is rare in the East,

where there is no Danais it resembles.

3. DiapEma ALIMENA.

3. Papilio Alimena, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 780; Clerck,

fer pl 32, 1. U5 Cramer, 221) Ali.

2. Papilio Porphyria, Cramer, 255, EH. F.

9. Papilio Velleda, Cramer, 349, C. D.

on astern Butterflies. 281

Hab.—Bouru, Amboyna, Ceram, Goram, Ké Islands,

Waigiou, New Guinea. (Wallace).

This species varies much, and the sexes generally

differ greatly, but there are intermediate forms which

connect the whole into an unbroken series. P. Porphyria

and P. Velleda of Cramer, have usually been placed with

Diadema Lasinassa, but they agree very closely with

some of my specimens of this species.

4. Ditapema PoLyMENA.

Diadema Polymena, Felder, Novara Voyage, Lepidop.

p. 414, pl. lv. figs. 5, 6.

Hab.—Aru Islands (Felder).

This is an extreme form of Diadema Alimena, the

female assuming the white colour which characterizes

many butterflies of different genera in the islands south-

east of Ceram.

5. DrapemA PANDARUS.

3. Papilio Pandarus, Linn. Syst. Nat. u. 767; Esper,

Ausl. Schmett. pl. 40, f. 1.

Papilio Callisto, Cramer, 24, A. B.

9. Papilio Pipleis, Linn. Syst. Nat. u. 775; Cramer,

60, A. B.

Hab.—Amboyna, Ceram (Wallace).

The female has the band across the upper wings either

creamy white or pale rufous; the former appearing to be

characteristic of Amboyna, the latter of Ceram.

6. Drapema PANpora, n. s.

Female. Wings rather more elongate than in D. Pan-

darus, the posterior margin more deeply scallopped.

Above; the band on the anterior wings replaced by

four spots, the lower and upper of which are small, the

two middle larger, white, tinged with ashy violet; the

row of white spots parallel to the margin smaller and of

a subquadrate form; the submarginal lunules nearly

half-square instead of triangular. Posterior wings with

pa black spots almost circular, the pupils almost ob-

solete.

282 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Beneath; the upper part of the transverse band almost

obsolete, the costal margin from its extremity to the

apex, whitish; the third and fourth spots from the outer

angle of the anterior wings much smaller than the rest ;

other differences as above. Rather smaller than the

females of D. Pandarus.

Hab.—Bouru (Wallace).

If we are to discriminate local forms with a view to

the investigation of their true place in nature, such slight

but definite modifications as this insect presents must be

recognized by giving it a distinct specific name.

7. Drtapema SAuNDERSI, 0. s.

Male. Form and size of D. Pandarus.

Above; black, richly glossed with blue in some places ;

anterior wings with a transverse white band, as in D.

Hewitsoni, but broader, edged with violet and with a

faint violet gloss, the lower spot of tiis band small and

detached; the rufous-orange band as in D. Hewitsoni,

but broader, more richly coloured, and continued on to

the anterior wings so as almost to meet the white band ;

the row of black spots larger and more regular, but not

pupillate ; the submarginal row of blue marks wanting.

Beneath; differs from D. Hewitsoni by the shorter and

whiter transverse band, and the rufous patch with two

black pupillate spots at the outer angle of the anterior

wings; on the posterior wings there is a whitish patch

near the base, and the row of pupillate spots are only

edged with rufous, and are placed on a dusky ground,

bounded above and below by a wavy white line.

Hab.—Timor (Coll. Wallace, B. M.).

This fine species is intermediate between D. Pandarus

and D, Hewitsoni.

8. Drapema Hewitsont.

Diadema Pandarus, var., Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1858, p. 464, pl. liv. f. 1,2. (¢. 9).

The underside of these insects corresponds closely with

the upper side, as figured by Mr. Hewitson.

Hab.—Ké Islands (Wallace).

on Hastern Butterflies. 283

This beautiful species is strikingly distinct. Mr.

Hewitson seems to have been led to class it as a variety

of Pandarus from the analogy of D. Lasinassa, which is

known to vary enormously; but there are these important

differences between the two cases, that many of the most

striking modifications of D. Lasinassa occur together on

the same spot, that they are connected by innumerable

intermediate forms, and that almost all these variations

occur in the female, while the male hardly varies at all.

D. Pandarus, on the contrary, is strikingly constant in

Amboyna and Ceram, where alone it is found, each of

the allied forms seems to be equally constant in its own

locality, there are no intermediate connecting links,

and the males vary quite as much as the females. I have,

therefore, no hesitation in naming this as a very distinct

species.

9. DIADEMA OCTOCULA.

Diadema octocula, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869

(Jan.), pl. x. f. 1, ¢.

Hab.—Tologa Island (?, perhaps Gilolo). (Coll. Druce).

10. Drapema TypzEa.

pls tly. f. 1,22 (ds), 83

Hab.—New Guinea, Waigiou, aan (Wallace), Gi-

lolo (Lorquin) .

My specimen from New Guinea has the small blue spot

on the hind-wings expanded into an oval white patch,

almost as in D. Deois, and the orange-rufous band broad-

er; the female has the white bands more distinct, and

the ocellate spots on the hind-wings smaller. The speci-

mens from Waigiou are intermediate, and as there are

other islands between Waigiou and Gilolo, I am inclined

to think that a complete gradation of forms will be found.

Diadema Tydea, Felder, Novara cy Lepidop. p. 415,

? ).

11. Dtapema Deotrs.

Diadema Deois, Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 464,

pl. liv. f. 3, 4, 5.

Hab.—Aru Islands.

284 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

This must be considered as an extreme form of the

New Guinea type of D. Tydea, from which, however, it

differs in the shape of the anterior wing, as well as in

markings. The females of this species and of D. Hewit-

sont have a great resemblance to some of the forms of

Melanitis Melane, Hewits., which inhabits the same islands.

12. Drapema Dtompa.,

Diadema Diomea, Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 51,

pl. vin he, a):

Hab.—Menado, Celebes (Wallace).

The female differs only in having the bands broader

and whiter, and the submarginal spots on the hind-wings

more distinct.

13. DIADEMA FRATERNA, 0. 8s. ~

Male: very near D, Diomea, rather smaller; upper-

wings less elongate, and the outer margin straighter.

Above; the bands are smaller, and completely covered

with a violet blue gloss, costal margin entirely black,

band of hind-wings of four spots only.

Beneath; has a large oval white spot above the origin

of the first branch of the subcostal vein, which is entirely

absent from both sexes of D. Diomea.

Hab.—Macassar, Celebes (Wallace).

This insect is certainly very close to D. Diomea, but it

differs decidedly in the form of the wings, as well as in

several characteristic markings. Many species, both of

birds and insects, are found exclusively in the North or

South of Celebes, but very rarely do they possess repre-

sentative species. One such case, however, occurs in

birds, and with that now noticed, would seem to indicate

that the extreme points of this strangely shaped island,

have formed two or more distinct islands, at a not very

remote epoch.

14. DraADEMA ANTILOPE.

9. Papilio antilope, Cramer, 183, E. F.; Nymphalis

antilope, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. 397.

Male: smaller. Above; light olive-brown, with a large

on EHastern Butterflies. 285

apical patch on the anterior wings, a little paler, and a

broad submarginal band on the hind-wings nearly white.

Beneath; as in the female, but paler.

Hab.—Amboyna, Ceram, Bouru. (Wallace).

Prof. Westwood supposed a glossy-blue insect from

Java, of exactly the same form as the above, to be the

male of Cramer’s Antilope, and he is followed by Mr.

Moore in the Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the East

India Company. I have ascertained, however, that these

are females, and constitute one or more distinct species,

peculiar to the western part of the Archipelago.

15. DrIADEMA ANOMALA.

Diadema Perimele, , Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

102 (nec Cram.).

2. Diadema antilope, 3, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p.

281 (note); Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. EH. I. Comp. p. 160.

Male. Form of D. Antilope, rather smaller.

Above; bronzy or olive-brown, with a blue gloss on the

costal and outer margins of the anterior wings, and the

outer part of the hind-wings paler. A row of white

round spots parallel to the outer margin as in D. Antilope,

but larger and more distinct; a band of three white or

bluish-white marks, sometimes very indistinct, across the

anterior wings beyond the middle; marginal and sub-

marginal spots as in D. Antilope. Beneath; olive-brown,

spots and markings as above, with one additional white

spot on the costal margin.

Female. Above; rich purple-brown, the whole surface

of the upper-wings, except the basal third, richly glossed

with satiny blue, a transverse band of three blueish elon-

gate spots beyond the cell, and a fourth much smaller;

the two white spots of the intra-marginal band nearest

the costa large and confluent, while those nearest the anal

angle are small and indistinct. Beneath; as im the male.

Hab.—Malacca (3g); Java (¢) (Wallace).

Local form.

Male. Like D. anomala, but the two apical white spots

are larger, and there is a broad submarginal whitish band

on the hind wings, not reaching the outer angle.

286 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Female. Rather larger than D. anomala, the transverse

band of blue spots wanting, the intra-marginal spots

smaller near the apex, and more incurved towards the end

of the cell; on the hind-wings a broad brownish band

behind, and the marginal and submarginal spots much

more distinct. Beneath; there is in both sexes a whitish

submarginal band on the hind-wings, of which there is

hardly any trace in D. anomala.

Hab.—Macassar ¢, Menado ? (Celebes).

Two females in the British Museum, said to be from

Java, differ from mine in having the apex of the wings

rather more angular, and in the upperside being nearly

uniformly glossed, as in my Bornean form. A male,

without locality, agrees closely with my Malacca specimen,

but has the white spots and lines more developed on the

disc and apex of the upper-wings. A male from Borneo

in the British Museum approaches the colouring of the

female, being darker than my Malacca male, and having

a brighter blue gloss on the outer margin, and apical

third of the anterior wings. Two other males, marked

“‘Tndia,” closely resemble my Bornean male, but have

the apical white spots much less distinctly marked, One

of these has much more blue gloss on the outer margin

of the anterior wings than the other. We thus find, that

there is a great amount of variation in this species, but

have not sufficient materials to determine whether there

are any fixed local forms.

Felder has described this insect as Papilio Perimele,

Cramer, and I was for some time disposed to agree with

him, but a more careful comparison of the figure with my

specimens has convinced me that Cramer’s figure repre-

sents a female form of his Papilio Lasinassa, and that the

present insect must have another name bestowed upon

it. Cramer’s figure differs from D. anomala in the fol-

lowing particulars:—1. The wings are shorter and broad-

er, and the upper-wings less falcate. 2. The blue gloss

on the anterior wings is not represented in the figure,

and the blue spots there shown are not found in D. ano-

mala. 3. The submarginal spots on the anterior wings

are entirely absent from the figure. 4. The spots on the

hind-wings do not decrease towards the anal angle, but

are of equal size in the figure. 5. On the under-surface

D. anomala has two white spots below the costal vein,

the figure has only one. 6. There are two spots, one

on Hastern Butterflies. 287

above the other, at the anal angle in Cramer’s figure, but

only one in all the specimens of D. anomala. Now in all

these points in which the figure differs from D. anomala,

it agrees pretty closely with some of the female forms of

D. Lasinassa, to which I have little doubt it belongs.

Diadema anomala offers the most remarkable case

known among butterflies of a reversal of the usual sexual

colouring, the males being always dull brown, the females

glossed with rich blue. The reason for this exception to

the ordinary rule is, I believe, to be found in the fact

that the brilliant blue gloss causes the female to resemble

or mimic the Huplea Midamus, one of the very common-

est butterflies of the Hast, and one that belongs to the

pre-eminently protected group of the Danaidw. The two

insects frequent the same places, and the resemblance on

the wing was such as to deceive myself, and it is perhaps

owing to this cause that I captured so few specimens of

this interesting butterfly. That protection which female

insects usually obtain by being less brilliant and con-

spicuous than the males, is here given by exactly oppo-

site means; a remarkable proof, as it appears to me, that

female butterflies would be more generally brilliant than

they are, were not their variations in this direction

checked, and eliminated by the danger they incur through

it. It may be observed, that in the allied species Diade-

ma Antilope, the female resembles Huplea Climena (a

common species in the countries it inhabits) much more

than the male does. It also closely resembles Elymnias

Vitellia, a species which has long figured in our lists asa

Diadema; and there is reason to believe that the Hury-

telide, to which Elymnias belongs, are themselves a pro-

tected group, though perhaps not so perfectly so as the

Danaide.

I exhibited this species at the British Association in

1866, as a remarkable illustration of “mimicry,” and

afterwards at a meeting of this Society; and [ should

have described the species before, had I not for a long

time considered with Felder, that it was a form of Pevi-

mele. ;

16. DIADEMA ALBULA, 0. 8.

Form of D. anomala, rather smaller.

Male. Above; rusty brown, the markings as in D,

288 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes on Hastern Butterflies.

anomala, but whiter and more diffused, the spots at the

apex confluent, and forming a white spot; a broad white

band covering the outer part of the hind-wings. Beneath ;

nearly as above; four whitish linear spots forming a

transverse band across the upper-wings, the white band

on the hind-wings broader than above, the costal spot

larger than in D. anomala.

Female. Darker than the male, and of a richer pur-

plish rusty brown. Above; spots and bands as in the

male, but the transverse band of longitudinal spots bluish,

and produced almost to the white intra-marginal spots.

Beneath; as in the male, but rather paler.

Hab.—Timor.

This is an extreme form of D. anomala; the female is

the most richly coloured, and seems to mimic Huplea

Bandini, and an undescribed species allied to H. Hurypon,

both of which inhabit the same island.

( 289 )

XVII. Descriptions of new Species of the Genus Pison ;

and a Synonymic List of those previously described.

By Frepertcx Surru, V.-P. and late Pres. Ent.

Soe.

[Read 7th June, 1869.)

In the year 1837, Shuckard published an excellent paper

in the second volume of the Transactions of the Society

(p. 73) on this genus of fossorial insects ; at that time he

could only refer to two species that had been previously

described; to these he added seven, and as three of these

were not in his own collection, we may conclude that

thirty-two years ago, nine species only were to be found

in the Collections of British Hntomologists. These

species were placed in two divisions, in consequence of

some difference observable in the neuration of the wings;

for the second division he proposed the name of Pisoni-

tus, and this name I have used generically, and have

added two species to those placed in that division by

Shuckard. To the genus Pison I have added twenty-

five species, thirteen of which are described in the pre-

sent paper. A third division of these insects I have in-

cluded in a new genus, Parapison, and have described

three species. Thus, the nine species included in Shuck-

ard’s monograph, and forming his genus Pison, will now

be increased to forty-three.

Nothing has been published on the habits of these

insects that I am aware of, but a paper by Mr. Horne

will shortly be read at the “Zoological Society in which

an ample history of them will appear; I can only here

state that these insects are nest-builders, and that they

construct cells similar to those of Penphredon, and store

them with spiders for their young.

Fam. NYSSONIDA, Leach.

Genus Prison, Jurine.

1. Pison ater, Spinola.

Alyson ater, Spin. Ins. Ligur. 11. 253; Pison ater,

Shuck, Trans. Hint. Soc. 1.75. 9.

Pison Jurinii, Spin. Ins. Ligur. 1. 256.

Tachybulus niger, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 75.

Hab.—KHurope. In F. Smith’s collection.

’

This

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART IV. (AUGUST). %.

290 Mr. F. Smith on

2. Pison punctifrons, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. un.

TT. vatok:

Hab.—India, or St. Helena. In the British Museum.

3. Pison regalis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. New Series,

i. 34, pl. vii. fig. 9. 9.

Hab.—China, In the British Museum.

4. Pison wanthopus, Brullé.

Nephridia xanthopus, Brullé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

n. 403; Pison wanthopus, Shuck. Tr. Ent. Soe.

Tis Woe

Pison obscurus, Shuck. 1. ¢.

Hab.—Cape of Good Hope. In F. Smith’s collection.

5. Pison Spinole, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1. 76, 2 ;

Sauss. Reise der Novara, Zool. Hym. 66.

P. australis, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,

xiv. LL.

Pison tasmanicus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p- 316, o.

Hab.—Sydney and Tasmania. In the British Museum.

6. Pison auratus, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1.78. @.

Hab.—Australia. (Not C. G. Hope, vide Shuckard’s

Monograph.) In the British Museum.

7. Pison marginatus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 314. ¢.

Hab.—Australia (Hunter River). In the British

Museum.

8. Pison perplezus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 314. 6.

Hab—Australia. In the British Museum.

9. Pison vestitus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. oko, | 9!

Hab.—Australia. In the British Museum.

10. Pison Westwoodti, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. n.

td Qs

Hab.—Tasmania. In F. Smith’s collection.

the Genus Pison. 291

11. Pison obliquus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

ee alae

Hab.—Tasmania. In F. Smith’s collection.

12. Pison morosus, (White, Voy. Erebus and Terror,

not published), Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

pe ols.

Hab.—New Zealand. In the British Museum.

13. Pison suspiciosus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.

Zool. u. 104. ¢@.

Hab.—Singapore. In W. W. Saunders’ collection.

14. Pison nitidus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool.

ma. 160... "2.

Hab.—Aru and Ké Islands, Mysol. In W. W.

Saunders’ collection.

15. Pison pallidipalpis, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn, Soc.

AGol. Vil 35; ~9..

Hab.—Ceram. In W. W. Saunders’ collection.

16. Pison fenestratus, Smith.

P. nitidus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 248. 2.

Hab.—Champion Bay. In F. Smith’s collection.

17. Pison paraensis, Spm. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii.

58.

Hab.—Para.

18. Pison chiliensis, Spin. Gay’s Chili, vi. 326.

Hab.—Chili.

19. Pison areolatus, Spin. Gay’s Chih, vi. 327.

Hab.—Chili.

20. Pison levis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt.iv. p. 317. ¢.

Hab.—Georgia. In the British Museum.

21. Pison maculipennis, Smith, Journ. of Ent.i. 80. ¢.

Hab.—Brazil. In F. Smith’s collection.

22. Prison tahitensis, (P. tahitense), Saussure, Reise

der Novara, Zool. Hym. 65. @¢.

Hab.—Tahiti.

292 Mr. F.-Smith on

23. Pison tibialis, n. sp.

Male. Length 4 lines. Black, punctured, abdomen

with golden fasciz, the tibiz ferruginous.

Head and thorax very closely and strongly punctured,

semi-opaque; the face covered with griseous pubes-

cence; the anterior margin of the clypeus produced into

a central acute tooth. The metathorax truncate, short

and punctate, with a slight channel above, which has a

longitudinal carina; the wings subhyaline, the tegule

piceous; the tarsi, tibizw, and apex of the posterior

femora ferruginous. Abdomen closely and finely punc-

tured, the apical margins of the segments of a testaceous

yellow, and covered with a pale golden pubescence.

Hab.—West Australia.

In the British Museum.

24, Pison basalis, n. sp.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black; the face with

golden pubescence, the tibiz, tarsi, and two basal seg-

ments of the abdomen ferruginous.

Head opaque; the clypeus and sides of the face as high

as the sinus of the eyes, with pale golden pubescence, that _

on the cheeks silvery; the tips of the mandibles and the

four basal joints of the antenne ferruginous. Thorax:

the collar with golden pubescence, that on the sides of

the thorax silvery, but only perceptible in certain lights,

except at the sides of the metathorax, where it is dense ;

the metathorax channelled, obliquely striate above, and

coarsely transversely so behind; the tegule and legs

ferruginous, the intermediate and the posterior cox

and trochanters, the intermediate femora above, and

the posterior pair, excepting at their apex, black; the

wings subhyaline, with their apical margins clouded. Ab-

domen: the two basal segments ferruginous, with the basal

half of the first black; the margins of the segments rufo-

testaceous, and covered with bright silvery pile.

Hab.—Australia.

In F. Smith’s collection.

This species is most closely allied to Pison auratus.

25. Pison simillimus, n. sp.

Male. Length 43 lines. Black, very finely and closely

the Genus Pison. 293

punctured, the face with golden pubescence, and the ab-

domen with golden fasciz.

Head: the face, as high as the emargination of the

eyes, covered with golden pubescence; the clypeus with

an acute tooth in the centre of its anterior margin,

Thorax: the collar and mesothorax posteriorly with

golden pubescence; the metathorax with a central longi-

tudinal channel, which widens into a deep elongate

fossulet down the truncate portion, which is transversely

rugose-striate; the upper portion of the metathorax is

obliquely rugose-striate, much more finely so than the

truncation ; the tegule rufo-testaceous ; the wings hya-

line, with their apical margins clouded, the nervures

black; the posterior tibiee, the apex of the anterior and

posterior pair, and the tarsi, ferruginous. The apical

margins of the segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous,

and covered with golden pubescence ; the four apical

segments have a changeable thin golden pile.

Hab.—Australia.

In F. Smith’s collection.

This species is very like P. tubialis, but it is distinct ;

the mesothorax is much more finely punctured; the

metathorax is longer, and so is also the basal segment of

the abdomen.

26. Pison aurifex, n. sp.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black, opaque, splendidly

ornamented with golden pubescence.

Head: the mandibles and four or five of the basal

joints of the antennz ferruginous, the latter more or less

dusky above, and the extreme base and apex of the

former black; the clypeus and sides of the face as high

as the sinus of the eyes clothed with golden pubescence,

the cheeks are similarly adorned. Thorax: the collar,

the central portion of the posterior margin of the meso-

thorax, and the metathorax above, covered with a brilliant

changeable golden pubescence ; the pectus and femora

also, in certain lights, have a golden effulgence ; the tips

of the femora, the tibie and tarsi, ferruginous; the

wings subhyaline and iridescent, their apical margins

clouded, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen: the apical

margins of the segments rufo-testaceous, and covered

294 Mr. F. Smith on

with a brilliant golden pile, the entire abdomen, in cer-

tain lights, has a golden lustre.

The male resembles the female; the clypeus has a

central tooth on its anterior margin.

Hab.—Australia.

In F. Smith’s collection.

27. Pison separatus, n. sp.

Male, Length 4 lines. Black, punctured, the meta-

thorax not striate, abdomen with silver fasciz.

Head finely and closely punctured, opaque; the cly-

peus with a central tooth on its anterior margin, the face

with silvery pubescence as high as the sinus of the eyes ;

tips of the mandibles rufo-piceous, the palpi rufo-testa-

ceous. ‘Thorax slightly shining, closely and rather finely

punctured ; the metathorax with a central longitudinal

channel, the upper portion of which has a slight carina ;

the collar and sides with short sparing silvery pubes-

cence; the wings smoky and iridescent; the tarsi

obscurely rufescent. Abdomen shining, very finely and

closely punctured ; the apical margins of the segments

depressed, and with silvery fascie.

Hab.—Western Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

28. Pison fuscipennis, n. sp.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black, shghtly shining,

adorned with silvery spots and bands.

Head: the face covered with bright silvery pile, the

cheeks with a similar brilliant clothing. Thorax: the

collar, sides of the mesothorax, of the metathorax, as

well as the pectus, with a bright changeable silvery pile;

the mesothorax above, and the scutellum, finely and

closely punctured; the anterior wings, excepting their

base, and the apex of the posterior pair, fuscous ; a semi-

transparent nebula crosses the anterior wings alittle beyond

the second submarginal cell; the metathorax obliquely

and finely rugulose above, and transversely and coarsely

striate behind. Abdomen: all the segments with bril-

hant silvery fasciz on their apical margins; beneath,

shining and delicately punctured.

the Genus Pison. 295

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

This species is like P. Spinole, but is separated from

it by its punctured mesothorax and fuscous wings.

29. Pison decipiens, n. sp.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black, the legs red.

Head: the tips of the mandibles, the four basal joints

of the antennz, and the legs, ferruginous; the apical

margins of the segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous ;

the pulvillus of the claw-joints of the legs black; the

second joint of the antenne black at the base, and the

fourth joint more or less black above; the face covered

with silvery pubescence as high as the emargination of

the eyes; the clypeus with an acute tooth in the middle

of its anterior margin; the cheeks silvery. Thorax very

closely and rather finely punctured, the mesothorax

shining above; the metathorax with a central channel,

semi-opaque, and with a little silvery pubescence at

the sides and behind; the wings subhyaline and irides-

cent, the nervures black, slightly clouded at their apical

margins. Abdomen: very closely and finely punctured,

slightly shining; the apical margin with silvery fasciz

above; beneath shining.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

This species has precisely the aspect of a Tachytes.

30. Pison dimidiatus, n. sp.

Male. Length 23 limes. Head and thorax black, ab-

domen red.

Head: clothed as high as the insertion of the antenna

with silvery pubescence, above which, nearly as high as

the anterior ocellus, it has a golden lustre; the mandibles,

and scape of the antennez beneath, ferruginous, as are

also two or three of the basal joints of the flagellum.

Thorax: the mesothorax and scutellum closely and finely

punctured ; the metathorax punctured above, coarsely

so behind; the collar and sides of the metathorax with

silvery pubescence; the tegule and legs ferruginous,

with the anterior cox black; wings subhyaline, irides-

cent, with the nervures black. Abdomen ferruginous,

296 Mr. F. Smith on

with the margins of the segments depressed, and having

bright silvery fascize; beneath, the extreme base of the

abdomen is black.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

31. Pison festivus, n. sp.

Female. Length 53 lines. Black, the wings fusco-

hyaline, the apical segments of the abdomen with bright

golden fascie.

Head: the face with a thin silvery pubescence below

the insertion of the antenne, a thin hoary pubescence on

the cheeks and vertex. Thorax: the mesothorax shining,

and, as well as the scutellum, strongly punctured; the

metathorax obliquely rugulose above, on each side of a

central impressed line; behind it is strongly punctured ;

the sides and beneath with a thin hoary pubescence;

wines fusco-hyaline. Abdomen shining; the first seg-

ment rather strongly punctured, and its apical margin

with a little silvery pubescence laterally ; the followmg

segments are very finely and very closely punctured,

their apical margins with bright golden fasciz; beneath

shining and impunctate.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

32. Pison tuberculatus, n. sp.

Male. Length 3 lines. Head and thorax opaque

black, the abdomen shining.

Head: the face below the insertion of the antenne

with silvery pubescence, the anterior margin of the cly-

peus produced into a central acute tooth. Thorax: a

thin silvery pubescence on the sides and beneath; the

metathorax rounded, obliquely rugulose above, and trans-

versely, more coarsely so behind; wings fusco-hyaline,

darkest at their apical margins. Abdomen smooth and

shining, the apical margins of the segments depressed ;

the silvery fascie probably obliterated; beneath, the

second, third, and fourth segments have two minute

tubercles in the middle near their apical margins; those

on the third segment are most prominent.

Hab.—New Zealand.

In the British Museum.

the Genus Pison. 297

33. Pison insularis, n. sp.

Female. Length 43 lines. Black, shining, and finely

punctured ; the abdomen with silvery bands.

Head semi-opaque, with the face as high as the sinus

of the eyes densely clothed with bright silvery pubes-

cence; the cheeks and vertex behind with a thin change-

able silvery pubescence; tips of the mandibles rufo-

piceous, and the palpi pale testaceous. Thorax: covered

with a short thin silvery pubescence, most sparing on the

mesothorax; the thorax is very finely punctured; the

metathorax oblique, and rounded at the apex, which is

transversely striate; a longitudinal channel runs from

the base to the apex; wings subhyaline, the nervures

black, the outer margin of the tegulee rufo-piceous. Ab-

domen shining, and very delicately punctured, the

margins of the segments depressed, and with bright

changeable silvery bands, not continued beneath.

Hab.—New Hebrides.

In the British Museum.

34. Pison fabricator, n. sp.

Female. Length 34 lines. Black, head and thorax

strongly punctured, the abdomen smooth and shining.

Head closely and strongly punctured, the vertex

shightly shining, and not so closely punctured as the

face; the clypeus and sides of the face as high as the

sinus of the eyes covered with bright silvery pubes-

cence; the palpi testaceous. The pro- and meso-thorax

strongly punctured; the metathorax truncate, with a

deep fossulet at the verge of the truncation above ; the

upper surface obliquely and strongly striate; the trun-

cation coarsely rugose; the outer margins of the tegule

testaceous, the wings subhyaline, with their apical mar-

gins clouded, the nervures black; the thorax has a thin

griseous pubescence. Abdomen smooth and shining,

with very delicate scattered punctures.

Hab.—Hong Kong.

In the British Museum.

30. Prison conformis, n. sp.

Male. length 3 lines. Head and thorax punctured

and semi-opaque ; abdomen shining.

298 Mr. F. Smith on

Head: the clypeus and sides of the face as high as the

sinus of the eyes with a dense silvery pubescence, the

cheeks thinly covered with the same. The mesothorax

closely punctured; the metathorax obliquely truncate,

smooth, and finely punctured above, but transversely and

coarsely striate at the sides and behind, the sides have

also some silvery pubescence ; a deep longitudinal channel

runs from the base to the margin of the truncation, in

which is a longitudinal carina; down the truncation runs

another deep channel; the wings hyaline and iridescent,

the nervures black. Abdomen: the margins of the three

basal segments much depressed; the abdomen has a fine

hoary pubescent pile, only observable in certain lights.

Hab.—Mexico.

In the British Museum.

Genus Pisonitus, Shuck.

(See Plate VI. fig. 7, for wing of Pisonitus rugosus) .

1. Pisonitus rufipes, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. u.

195 ee

Hab.—Tasmania.

In the British Museum.

2. Pisonitus argentatus, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc, i.

TQ 20804

Hab.—Mauritius.

In the British Museum.

3. Pisonitus rugosus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

Pipa UOr,

Hab.—India.

In the British Museum.

4. Pisonitus ruficornis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iy.

Daolosneec

Hab.—Australia (MacIntyre River).

In the British Museum.

Genus Parapison, n. g.

(See Pl. VI. fig. 6. for wing of Parapison rufipes) .

Head as wide as the thorax, occasionally wider; eyes

large, reniform, ocelli in an equilateral triangle on the

the Genus Pison. 299

vertex. Thorax sub-ovate, the collar transverse; the

metathorax with a central longitudinal channel; the an-

terior and intermediate tibize with a single spine at the

apex ; the anterior wings with one elongate marginal cell,

and two submarginal ones, the first submarginal receiving

the first recurrent nervure towards the apex, the second re-

current nervure uniting with the first transverso-medial

nervure. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the margins of the

first and second segments depressed.

It will be seen that this genus is established solely

upon the absence of the second submarginal cell which,

in the genus Pison, and also in Pisonitus, is petiolate ;

in some species the cell is very minute, in the present

genus it is obliterated, and that this is a constant cha-

racter there can be no doubt, as a large number of speci-

mens of P. agilis and of P. rufipes have been examined.

1. Parapison obliteratus, Smith.

Pisonoides obliteratus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.

Zool. 1. 104.

Hab.—Borneo (Sarawak) .

In the collection of W. W. Saunders.

2. Parapison rufipes, n. sp.

Female. Length 3} lines. Black and shining, the

legs ferruginous, abdomen with silvery bands.

Head: very finely and closely punctured, the clypeus,

inner orbits of the eyes, and the cheeks, with bright

silvery pile; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax punc-

tured like the head; the mesothorax with a central

longitudinal depression, and an abbreviated line on each

side opposite the tegule; the metathorax with a deep

central longitudinal channel; the collar and sides of the

thorax with silvery pubescence, most dense and long at

the sides of the metathorax; the legs ferruginous, with

the cox black aboye; wings hyaline and iridescent, the

nervures and stigma black. Abdomen; the apical mar-

gins of the segments pale testaceous, and covered with

silvery pile; the entire abdomen has a thin changeable

silvery pile above.

Hab.—India.

In the British Museum.

300 Mr. F. Smith on the Genus Pison.

3. Parapison ruficornis, n. sp.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black, legs and antenne

red, the latter with three or four of the apical joints

dusky.

Head semi-opaque, finely and very closely punctured ;

the face with silvery pubescence, which is dense below

the insertion of the antennz, and only observable in cer-

tain lights above; the palpi and mandibles rufo-testaceous,

the latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax opaque, the

metathorax with a central channel, and obliquely rugulose

above; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures

testaceous. Abdomen slightly shining, the apical mar-

gins of the segments narrowly testaceous; the four apical

segments with a changeable golden pubescence.

The male closely resembles the female, but has the

basal portion of the legs more or less blackish, the tarsi

also are dusky ; the apical joints of the antenne are darker

than in the other sex.

Hab.— Australia.

In F. Smith’s collection.

4. Parapison agilis, n. sp.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black, shining and delicately

punctured, abdomen with silvery fasciz.

Head: the face below the insertion of the antenne

with a fine changeable silvery pile; the mandibles pale

rufo-testaceous, the palpi paler. Thorax: the collar, sides

of the thorax, and metathorax, with silvery pubescence ;

the mesothorax with one abbreviated deeply-impressed

line on each side opposite the tegule, the latter rufo-

testaceous; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the ner-

vures black, the apical margins slightly .clouded; the

metathorax obliquely truncate, with an impressed central

channel, which runs into a deep fossulet towards the apex ;

the knees and anterior tibize testaceous; the calcaria

testaceous. Abdomen with a changeable pile; the mar-

gins of the three basal segments depressed, the first deeply

so; all the margins with a narrow silvery fascie,

Hab.—Ceylon.

In the British Museum.

( 301 )

XVIII. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Exotic

Hymenoptera. By Freperick Suita, V.-P. and

late Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Read 7th June, 1869.]

_ Txr majority of the insects described in the present paper

are in the British Museum; all are of great rarity, and

some present such new combinations of characters that I

have found it necessary to construct four new genera for

their reception; several of the species described are in

Mr. Du Boulay’s private collection of Hymenoptera, lately

purchased for the National Museum. I hope shortly to

offer to the Society descriptions of some of the Apide in

the same collection, which contains several insects which

will form types of new genera.

Fam. MUTILLIDA.

Genus Mernoca.

Methoca mandibularis.

Male. Length 7} lines. Black, shining and punctured,

the mandibles yellow.

Head: shining, and strongly punctured; the face and

mandibles with long white hairs, those on the rest of the

head are shorter and thinner; the antenne as long as the

thorax and first segment of the abdomen; the anterior

margin of the clypeus rounded, and with a notch in the

middle; the mandibles yellow, with their apex nigro-

piceous. Thorax coarsely punctured, the punctures close

and more or less confluent on the metathorax, on the

pro- and meso-thorax they are wider apart, but coarse,

and here and there confluent; the metathorax with a

central longitudinal channel, and, as well as the thorax

beneath, thinly clothed with hoary pubescence; the legs

obscurely rufo-piceous ; wings subhyaline, darkest towards

the apex of the wings, a fuscous cloud occupies the mar-

ginal cell; the nervures black. Abdomen: finely and

distantly punctured, the punctures strongest towards the

apex; the petiole of the abdomen compressed, and with a

thin sharp edge; the first seement globose at the apex, the

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—paRT IV. (AUGUST).

302 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions

rest of the segments with their margins constricted; the

apical mucro stout and curving upwards beyond the

apical segment.

Hab.—Shanghai.

This insect was presented to me by H. De Rivaz, Esq.

Fam. SCOLITDA.

Genus PreRoMBRUs.

Head wider than the thorax, subglobose; eyes lateral

and oblong-ovate ; antenne filiform, inserted on each side

of a bituberculate prominence in the middle of the face;

the scape obconic, the first joint of the flagellum globose,

and inserted in a cavity at the apex of the scape, the

following three joints of about equal length, the remaining

ones slightly decreasing in length to the apical one.

Thorax elongate, the prothorax produced anteriorly into

a short neck, its posterior margin extending backwards

to the insertion of the wings; the metathorax oblong,

its apex rounded; the anterior wings with one elongate

marginal cell pointed at its apex; three submarginal cells,

the first nearly as long as the two following, the second

quadrangular, and narrowed towards the marginal; the

third obliquely quadrate; legs moderately stout, with the

tarsi long and slender. Abdomen elongate, petiolate,

its apex pointed and terminated by an acute style, the

aculeus exserted.

This genus is founded upon the characters of one sex,

and those characters are so anomalous, as to leave upon

my mind considerable doubt as to the correctness of

determining it to be the female; the antenne are twelve-

jointed, and the abdomen is furnished with a sting, these

are, no doubt, the normal characteristics of the female, but

the abdomen is composed apparently of seven segments ;

it has undoubtedly seven distinct plates above, whilst

beneath the number is only six; I have therefore regarded

the apical dorsal plate as a sheath or component part of

the exserted aculeus. That the insect belongs to the

Scoliide, I think is certain ; the prolongation of the thorax

to the insertion of the wings, and a similarity of the

neuration of the latter to that of Myzine, induce me to

place it next to that genus.

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 303

Pterombrus cenigmaticus.

(Pl. VI. fig. 1, and details la and 10.)

Female. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, the

abdomen red.

Head closely punctured, with the middle of the

vertex, and a space around the ocelli, shining, and

having a few scattered punctures; the face and cheeks

with a thin griseous pubescence; the mandibles rufo-

piceous, with a pale spot at their base; the palpi pale

testaceous.. Thorax: the mesothorax and _ scutellum

shining, with a few deep punctures; the metathorax

transversely and coarsely rugose, the apex obliquely

truncate; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud at the

base of the first and second discoidal cells; another cloud

occupies the marginal cell, and crosses the wing as far as

the inferior margin of the third discoidal cell; the nervures

black; the tarsi as long as the legs, the spurs at the apex

of the tibie pale testaceous. Abdomen ferruginous,

smooth and shining.

Hab.—Brazil.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and F. Smith.

I have only seen two examples of this insect.

Fam. POMPILIDA.

Genus Doticuurvs.

1. Dolichurus carbonarius.

Female. Length 3 lines. Shining black, with the

metathorax subopaque.

Head: the face longitudinally and coarsely sculp-

tured, the vertex smooth and shining; the antenne

inserted on each side of a concave tubercle situate

at the base of the clypeus, the latter with a sharp

carina down the middle. The prothorax transverse-

quadrate, with a shining tuberculate process on each

side, and a few transverse strize in front; the meso-

thorax and scutellum smooth and shining; the meta-

thorax above nearly quadrate, margined by an elevated

carina, transversely and coarsely sculptured, and having

three longitudinal carinz scarcely extending to the pos-

terior margin; the truncation rugose, a minute tooth

at the lateral margins a little beyond the middle. The

abdomen smooth and shining, and the margins of the

first and second segments depressed.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

304 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions

2. Dolichwrus ignitus.

Female. Length 3? lines. Black and shining, the

tip of the abdomen red.

Head: black, shining, and strongly punctured, the

vertex most sparingly so; the clypeus smooth and shining,

its anterior margin truncate and rufo-piceous; the man-

dibles ferruginous, their extreme base and apex black.

The pro- and meso-thorax shining ; the metathorax with

the margins above carinate, with a central and two lateral

carinze, between which is a series of transverse elevations

irregular and ill-defined ; the truncate portion is coarsely

rugose, and the lateral margins have a minute tooth

beyond the middle; the wings hyaline and iridescent ;

the outer margin of the tegule piceous; the tarsi, and

the anterior tibize obscurely ferrugmous. Abdomen

shining and impunctate; the margins of the two basal

segments constricted; the two apical segments ferru-

ginous.

Hab.—Port Natal.

In F. Smith’s Collection.

3. Dolichwrus taprobane.

Male. Length 43 lines. Black, smooth, and shining.

Head: the face longitudinally rugulose, a few scattered

punctures before the ocelli, with the vertex impunctate ;

the clypeus with a central elevated carina; the palpi pale

testaceous; the tubercle in the middle of the face deeply

concave. Thorax: the mesothorax with a few fine shal-

low punctures; the metathorax margined above, with

two approximate carine in the centre, and another on

each side, the interspaces rugose; the truncation rugose,

with a stout tooth m the middle of the lateral margins;

the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black;

the thorax is strongly and closely punctured at the sides

and beneath. Abdomen smooth, shining, and impunctate.

Hab.—Ceylon.

In F. Smith’s Collection.

Fam. LARRIDA.

Genus LAaRRADA.

Larrada chrysonota.

Female. Length 6} lines. Black, and adorned with sil-

very pile, the mesothorax clothed above with golden pile.

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 305

Head: the face, as high as the insertion of the

antennz, with silvery pubescent pile, above with golden ;

the cheeks and base of the mandibles silvery. Thorax:

a dense golden pubescent pile on the mesothorax, and a

changeable thin silvery one on other parts, on the apex of

the sides of the metathorax it is dense and brilliant; the

legs have a glittering changeable silvery pile; the anterior

wings and apex of the posterior pair fusco-hyaline. The

abdomen has a chequered brilliant silvery pile above and

beneath ; the apical margins of the segments above, and

the middle of the segments, are splendidly brilliant and

glittering.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

Genus AULACOPHILDS, n. g.

Head as wide as the thorax; eyes large, their inner

orbit deeply emarginate; the ocelli in an equilateral

triangle on the vertex; the antenne inserted at the base

of the clypeus, at an equal distance from each other and

the inner margin of the eyes; the anterior margin of the

clypeus rounded; the mandibles arcuate, edentate, acute

at their apex; the antennz thickened towards their apex,

the scape obconic, the second joint subglobose. Thorax

oblong-ovate, the collar transverse, the posterior margin

arcuate ; the metathorax oblong, rounded behind; legs

simple, the anterior and intermediate tibiz with a single

spine at their apex; the anterior wings with one elongate

marginal, and two submarginal cells, the first twice the

length of the second; the first recurrent nervure uniting

with the first transverso-medial nervure ; the second received

a little within the second submarginal cell. Abdomen heart-

shaped ; the first segment formed into an elongate petiole

terminating in a clavus at its apex.

Aulacophilus vespoides.

(Plate VI. fig. 4, and details 4a and 4b.)

Female. Length 5 lines. Black, and ornamented with

golden pubescence.

Head: the clypeus and the sides of the face, as high as

the emargination of the eyes, with dense golden pubes-

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PaRT Iv. (AUGUST). 2A

306 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions

cence; the tips of the mandibles, and the three basal

joints of the antenne, ferruginous, Thorax: the posterior

margin of the collar and of the scutellum, the post-scu-

tellum and the metathorax, with golden pubescence; the

anterior coxee with golden pubescence in front; the sides

of the thorax obliquely striate beneath the wings; the

metathorax with a longitudinal central channel, most

deeply impressed towards the apex; the legs obscurely

ferruginous, the anterior pair brightest; the wings hya-

line, with the anterior margin of the superior pair fuscous.

Abdomen: the petiole deeply channelled above, and also

at the sides; the channel above with golden pubescence,

the apical margin of the club as well as the apical margins

of the other segments bordered with golden pubescence ;

beneath, smooth and shining, with the margins of the

segments rufo-piceous.

Hab.—Brazil.

In F. Smith’s collection.

This insect has the general aspect of a species of the

genus Polybia belonging to the Vespide.

Fam. NYSSONIDA.

Genus ACANTHOSTETHUS, Nn. g.

Head scarcely as wide as the thorax ; eyes lateral, large

and ovate; ocelli placed in a curve on the vertex, the

posterior pair in a line with the summit of the eyes;

antenne approximate at the base, inserted at the base of

the clypeus; the scape obconic, the second joint sub-

globose, the flagellum slightly increasing in thickness

towards the apex; the clypeus transverse, its anterior

margin nearly straight, its lateral angles sub-dentate ;

mandibles arcuate, edentate, and acute at their apex; the

labrum concealed, transverse. Thorax ovate; the collar

transverse; the scutellum subquadrate; the metathorax

having on each side at its posterior extremity a stout

acute spine; superior wings with one marginal and two

complete submarginal cells; the marginal cell elongate, ea-

tending more than half-way towards the extremity of the

wing; the first submarginal longer than the marginal, and

more than twice the length of the second submarginal cell,

which is triangular; the first recurrent nervure entering the

jirst submarginal cell towards its apex, the second recurrent

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 307

nervure uniting with the first transverso-cubital nervure.

Abdomen subsessile, ovoido-conic; the first ventral seg-

ment produced at the base, forming an obtuse angle.

(Female.)

Acanthostethus basalis.

(Plate VI. fig. 3, and details 3a and 3b.)

Female. Length 4 lines. Black, with the collar and

base of the abdomen red.

Head, thorax, and base of the abdomen coarsely and

deeply punctured, the rest of the abdomen more finely

and distantly punctured, and slightly shining. The man-

dibles, the scape, and the three following joints of the

antenne ferruginous beneath; the tips of the mandibles

black. The collar, tubercles, tegule, and the margins of

the mesothorax opposite to them, the tips of the meta-

thoracic spines, and the legs, ferruginous; the wings

subhyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen: the base

rounded, the segment short, ferruginous, with the apical

margin pale yellow; the second segment black, with its

apical margin yellow, the sides of the segment are suffused

with obscure ferruginous, as well as the edge of the nar-

row yellow margin; the followimg segments are obscure

ferruginous, the third segment as well as the apical one

black at the basal margin, in the apical one the black

forms an elongated spot.

Hab.—Australia.

In the British Museum.

The general appearance of this insect is that of a very

large example of the Nysson dimidiatus of Europe.

Genus Miscoruyris, n. g.

Head transverse, about the width of the thorax, eyes

ovate, very large and occupying the larger part of the

head; the ocelli placed in a triangle on the vertex; the

antenne inserted a little above the base of the clypeus,

approximate at their base, the flagellum sub-clavate; the

mandibles arcuate, bidentate at their apex; the clypeus

triangular, its anterior margin slightly rounded; the

2 ae

308 Mr. F. Smnith’s Descriptions

labrum concealed. The thorax oval; the collar transverse

and linear; the scutellum transverse; the metathorax

short, and truncate posteriorly ; the superior wings with

one elongate marginal cell tapering to a point at the apex;

three submarginal cells, the first being three-fourths of

the length of the second and third, the second oblong-

quadrate, and narrowed towards the marginal cell, the

third oblique, and widest at its extremity; the legs of

moderate length; the posterior tibie incrassate, slightly

curved and denticulate on their outer margin. Abdomen

subtruncate at the base, incurved and tapering to its

apex; in the male, the second segment is produced into

a compressed tubercle beneath.

Miscothyris thoracicus.

(Plate VI. fig. 5, and details 5a and 5b.)

Male. Length 43 lmes. Black, an interrupted line on

the collar, the post-scutellum, two large spots on the

second segment of the abdomen, and a transverse one on

the apical margins of the fifth and sixth segments in the

middle, all orange.

Head: the clypeus with the basal half yellowish-white,

a minute spot above the clypeus, the scape in front, and

a narrow line at the inner margin of the eyes not running

quite so high as the anterior ocellus, of the same colour

as the clypeus; the head is finely shagreened and semi-

opaque. Thorax: sculptured similarly to the head, with

the scutellum shining, and sparingly punctured at its base ;

the post-scutellum is smooth shining orange; the wings

fusco-hyaline, with their base and apex clear hyaline; a

central small shining triangular space at the margin of

the truncation of the metathorax, which is obliquely and

finely striate; the tibiz, tarsi and knees ferruginous ;

the anterior tibiz yellow at their apex beneath, the basal

joint of the posterior tarsi white. Abdomen finely sha-

greened, two large oblong orange spots on the second

segment, pointed inwardly, and nearly meeting in the

centre; a transverse orange lunate spot on the centre

of the apical margin of the fifth and sixth segments.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

of Bxotie Hymenoptera. 309

Fam. MASARIDAi.

Genus Paracta.

1. Paragia excellens.

Female. Length 7lmes. Black; the head and thorax

ornamented with orange, the legs of the same colour; the

three basal segments of the abdomen orange.

Head: very closely punctured ; the clypeus produced,

its anterior margin slightly arched; the mandibles longi-

tudinally grooved and punctured, ferruginous, with their

margins and teeth black; the clypeus and a semi-ovate

spot above, orange, the anterior margin of the former

black. The thorax rugose; the prothorax, a subquadrate

spot beneath the wings, the scutellum, an oblong-quadrate

spot before it on the mesothorax, a narrow line at the

sides passing beyond the tegule to the impressed line

that runs backwards to the scutellum, a minute spot on

each side beyond the line, the spine and lateral margins

of the metathorax, and a central elongate spot, bright

orange; the legs pale orange-red; the wings hyaline,

with a dark fuscous line occupying the marginal and first

submarginal cells, and running from thence half-way

towards the base of the wing; the tegule pale orange.

Abdomen: the first segment orange, with its base black,

the second orange, with its extreme lateral and basal

margins black ; the third segment orange, with a minute

triangular central black spot at its base; the other seg-

ments black, with the extreme apex of the terminal one

orange; beneath, the second segment has a tri-furcate

orange apical margin, the third segment orange, with

its basal margin narrowly black.

Male. This sex differs only in having the clypeus

entirely yellow, a yellowline at the inner orbits of the eyes.

Hab.—Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

2. Paragia sobrina.

Female. Length 7 lines. The head and thorax orna-

mented with orange spots, the first and third segments

of the abdomen orange.

This species is very like P. excellens; the head is the

same in colour and sculpture; the thorax is also very

310 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions

similar, but the two minute orange spots on the meso-

thorax are wanting; the scutellum is broader and more

quadrate, the posterior angles rounded, and it is not nar-

rowed posteriorly as in P. ewcellens ; the abdomen has the

first, third, and apical segments yellow; in other respects

the two species agree in colour, sculpture and form, and

possibly one is a variety of the other.

Hab.—Ausiralia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

In the Transactions of this Society (third series, vol.

ii. p. 393) I described three new species of Paragia; of

one of these, P. vespiformis, only the female was then

known to me; subsequently, however, both sexes were

taken by Mr. Du Boulay, and the male was described in

the Transactions for 1868 (p. 250); this sex is remarkable

for the extraordinary form of the basal segment of the

abdomen, I have therefore given a figure of that sex in

the plate that illustrates this paper (Pl. VI. fig. 2).

Since I published the last consecutive list of the species

of the genus Paragia, numbering thirteen, I have added

three in the volume for 1868, two others are described in

the present paper, making the number of known species

to be eighteen.

Fam. EUMENID.

Genus Rayncuium.

Rhynchium magnificum.

Female. Length 104 lines. Black; head, thorax an-

teriorly, scutellum, and apical half of the abdomen, orange.

Head: orange, with the tips of the antennz fuscous;

the mandibles ferruginous, armed with five teeth, which

are black, as well as the outer margin at the base; the

prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the mesothorax

above, and the scutellum, bright orange; the metathorax

black, its lateral margins serrate, concave behind, the

concavity obliquely striate; the tegule orange, the wings

flavo-hyaline, but dark fuscous with a violet or purple

iridescence from the base of the marginal cell to their

apex; the anterior legs, except their coxe, the interme-

diate femora in front towards their apex, and the tibize be-

neath, orange ; the posterior tibie more or less orange-red

beneath ; the apical joints of the tarsi reddish. Abdomen:

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 311

the basal segment, and basal half of the second segment,

black, both entirely so beneath; the rest of the segments

orange.

Hab.— Australia (Nicol Bay).

In the British Museum.

Explanation of Plate VI.

Fig. 1. Pterombrus enigmaticus, and details.

Paragia vespiformis, 3.

Acanthostethus basalis, and details.

Aulacophilus vespoides, and details.

Miscothyris thoracicus, and details.

Anterior wing of Parapison rufipes.

Sa See SNe ce ke

PS a Pisonitus rugosus,

(888: )

XIX. Notes on Chalcidide; and Description of a new

species of Megastigmus. By F. Watxnr, F.L.S.

[Read 7th June, 1869.]

A Few species of Megastigmus inhabit England. M.

giganteus, the largest species of the genus hitherto

described, is a native of S. Europe. M. Pistacic, so

named by Haliday, and presented by him to the British

Museum, is a very elegant Italian species. The known

Australian species are smaller than most of those of

Kurope. M. Pinus of Parfitt, and the species here de-

scribed, are natives of California, and are both of large

size. There is an affinity in structure, colour, and mark-

ings between some species of this genus and some of

Decatoma. The latter genus is one of the Hurytomide,

and, like Megastigmus and Hurytoma, is parasitic, on gall-

making insects. A North-American species of the

Hurytomide was described many years ago as Hurytoma

hordei. Harris, the original describer, Fitch, and Walsh,

at first supposed it to be parasitic, but were afterwards

convinced that the larva is herbivorous. Walsh has

recently observed that it is not a Hurytoma, but an Iso-

soma, and that it is very injurious to the corn in the

Hastern States from Virginia to Canada. He supposes

that all the species of Isosoma are herbivorous, and that .

Hurytoma hordei, Harris; H. tritict, Fitch; H. secalis,

Fitch; and HL. fulvipes, Fitch, are one species. I have

reared several species of Hurytoma from various kinds of

galls, but never had an opportunity of observing the

transformation of Isosoma. The British species of the

latter genus are numerous, and various in structure, and

some of them are yet undescribed. Giraud reared in

Austria three species of Isosoma and Pimpla graminelle,

Grav., from Triticum repens, and believed them to be all

parasitic on a Dipterous insect. If these species of Iso-

soma are herbivorous, it would seem that Pimpla grami-

nelle, an ichneumon-fly, which much exceeds them in

size, and is very abundant in England, is their parasite.

Walsh observes that one of the Pteromalidce, which he

names Semiotellus chalcidiphagus, is parasitic on Isosoma

hordei. He also describes Antigaster mirabilis, a new

genus, allied to Hupelmus and to Notanisus. Ohiropa-

chys colon, of which the natural history was lately noticed

TRANS. ENT, soc. 1869.—partT Iv. (AUGUST).

314 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidide.

by Dr. Algernon Chapman, is allied to the Hupelmide,

and the earliest descriptions of it are here mentioned :—

Sphex colon, Linn. Faun. Suec. 1656; Syst. Nat. 945.

Ichneumon quadrum, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 186.

Megastigmus albifrons.

Mas. Luteus; capite thoraceque dense punctatis;

capite thorace latiore, plaga transversa nigra, fronte

facieque albidis, antennis nigris, basi luteis; thorace

vitta nigra, prothorace magna quadrata, mesothorace

nigro-bimaculato, metathorace nigro; abdomine nigro,

valde compresso, subtus luteo; alis diaphanis nigro-

venosis, anticis gutta nigricante maculaque nigra.

Male. Luteous. Head and thorax thickly punctured.

Head broader than the thorax; a large transverse

black patch on the vertex, extending nearly to the eyes;

front and face whitish; eyes piceous; antenne black,

filiform, rather shorter than the thorax, first jomt luteous,

joints of the flagellum successively decreasing in length;

club fusiform, a little broader than the preceding joint.

Thorax with a black stripe, which is attenuate in the

middle, and extends from the fore-border of the pro-

thorax nearly to the tip of the scutellum; prothorax

quadrate, much developed; mesothorax with a black

spot on each side of the scutum, sutures of the parap-

sides very distinct; metathorax black. Abdomen black,

much compressed, luteous beneath, nearly as long as the

thorax. Legs slender; tarsi black towards the tips.

Wings pellucid; veins black; fore-wings with an in-

definite blackish dot adjoining the hind side of the

humerus, near the end of the latter, and with a deter-

minate black spot at the end of the cubitus, as is usual

in this genus; humerus about four times the length of

the ulna, emitting a transverse veinlet to the hind border,

near the inner side of the dot before-mentioned; radius

more than twice the Jength of the ulna; cubitus about

half the length of the ulna.

Length of the body, 2 lines; of the fore-wings, 33

lines.

“Found alive, in a glass-topped box, containing a fir

cone, from California.” March 10th, 1869.

British Museum.

( 815 )

XX. Remarks on the Genus Hctrephes, and Descriptions

of new Exotic Coleoptera. By J. O. Wxstwoop,

M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 7th June, 1869.}

Genus Ecrrupyes, Pascoe.

Ectrephes, Pascoe, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1866, p. xvi;

Zoologist, ser. 2, vol. 1. p. 322.

Anapestus, King, Trans. Ent. Soc., N. 8. Wales, i. 316.

Mr. Pascoer’s description of this curious genus was read

at the meeting of this Society, on the 4th June, 1866,

and was published in the following month. Mr. King’s

memoir was read before the Entomological Society of

New South Wales on the 5th March, 1866, but the sheet

of the Transactions on which it is printed contains the

commencement of Mr. McLeay’s paper on Amycteride,

which was read on the 6th August, 1866, and Part V. of

the Transactions, in which both papers appeared, con-

tains the Journal of Proceedings for the 3rd September,

1866.

The genus has been considered to be allied to the

Pausside, as well as to the genus Gnostus. But it pos-

sesses no direct affinity with either of these groups; and

is proved, by the analysis of the forms described below,

to be most nearly related to the Ptinide, especially to

such groups as Meziwm and Gibbium.

Sp. 1. LHetrephes formicarum, Pascoe.

E. formicarum, Pasc. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1866,

p. xvi) =Anapestus Kreusleri, King, (Trans. Ent.

Soc: N.S. Wa. 218)

Sp. 2. LHetrephes Pascoer, n. sp.

E. totus piceo-castaneus; elytris nitidis, subsetigeris ;

antennarum clava oblongo-ovali, depressa; disco supero

et infero transverse tri-impresso, marginibus paullo un-

dulatis et breviter spinulosis; pronoto transverso, quad-

rato, impressione transversa postica profunda notato ;

TRANS, ENT. soc. 1869.—pPaRT Iv. (AUGUST).

316 Prof. Westwood on Ectrephes

tibiis 4 posticis valde curvatis, margine externo ante

medium bi-angulato, ultra medium emarginato. Long.

corp. fere lin. 1.

Hab.—Swan River, Nov. Holl.; sub corticibus arborum

mortuarum. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Sp. 3. LHetrephes Kingii, n. sp.

E. totus luteo-fulvus, subnitidus; capite brevi, anten-

narum clava magna, fere plana, ovali, apice vix angulato,

marginibus subundulatis; prothorace antice striolato,

postice profunde impresso, lateribus in medio angulatis

et pone angulum cicatricosis; elytris fere rotundatis,

striato-punctatis; tibiis omnibus ante medium subangu-

latis. Long. corp. lin. #.

Hab.—Swan River. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

PoLYPLOCOTES, 1. g.

Genus Hetrephidem cum Ptinidis conjungens. Corpus

parvum, nitidum; pedibus longis, simplicibus, tarsis pen-

tameris. Caput pronum, ante antennas subrostratum,

pone antennas utrinque constrictum ; mandibule magne,

conice; maxilla, cum palpis, omnino ut in Hetrephide ;

antennz crass, 9-articulate, articulo 8° incrassato,

ultimo parvo, truncato. Prothorax margine antico elevato,

pone medium impressione profunda curvata, in incisionem

lateralem utrinque terminata. LElytra ovalia, basi sulcis

profundis impressa. Pedes approximati, binis posticis

inter se magis distantibus.

This interesting genus satisfactorily solves the question

of the affinity of Hetrephes with the Ptinide.

Sp. 1. Polyplocotes longicollis, n. sp.

P. niger, nitidus; antennis rugosis; prothorace ob-

longo, sulco transverso prope marginem anticum, disco

punctato, pone medium semicirculariter impresso, strio-

lato; elytris ad basin sulcis 6 profundis, dorso striato-

punctatis. Long. corp. fere lin. 1}.

Hab.—Swan River.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

and other Exotic Coleoptera. 317

Sp. 2. Polyplocotes nitidus, n. sp.

P. piceo-niger, glaberrimus; antennis crassioribus, lee-

vibus, nitidis, setosis; prothorace subquadrato, nitido,

impunctato, impressione tenuissima postica notato ; elytris

glabris, impunctatis, basi vix sulcatis. Long. corp.

im. 1,

Hab.—Swan River.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

DIPLOCOTES, n. g.

Genus vel subgenus Ptinorum. Antenne crasse,

11-articulate ; articulo 10° incrassato, et 3 antecedentibus

simul sumptis equante; ultimo parvo, fere rotundato.

Caput et prothorax omnino ut in Polyplocote. Hlytra

ovalia, globosa, punctato-striata, et setosa. Pedes satis

elongati, simplices; tarsis 5-articulatis, inermibus.

This insect in its peculiar antennz connects Polyplo-

cotes with Ptinus, especially with such species as Ptinus

hololeucus, &c.

Sp. 1. Diplocotes Howittanus, n. sp.

D. totus castaneus, elytris magis fulvescentibus ; seto-

sus; antennarum articulis 2-9 moniliformibus; pronoto

striolato, pone medium impressione curvata ad incisionem

lateralem utrinque extensa et striolis profundioribus no-

tata; elytris punctato-striatis. Long. corp. lin. 1.

Hab.—Gawler, Adelaide, Nov. Holl. (Dom. Odewahn.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

CHLAMYDOPSIS, n. g.

Genus Chlamydem habitu et Hetrephidem certo modo

simulans; sed inter Byrrhidas (presertim Murmidium,

Leach = Ceutocerum, Schiipp.) et Histeridas intermedium.

Corpus parvum, contractum, fere globosum ; pedibus con-

tractilibus, contra latera corporis arcte applicatis. Pro-

thorax antice profunde incisus pro receptione capitis.

Caput in prothorace fere omnino retractile (partes oris in

individuis unicis haud examinate) ; antenne 9-articulate,

articulo 1° magno subtrigono, 7 proximis gracilibus, 4-8

minutis, 9° (vel clava) preecedentibus 6 longitudine equali

vel longiore, exarticulato. Elytra humeris valde gibbosis,

318 Prof. Westwood on Ectrephes

gibbositate in medio intus luteo-setosa. Metasternum

maximum, coxis pedum posticorum haud prominulis.

Pedes sub-elongati, tibiis depressis pro receptione tarso-

rum simplicium et 5-articulatorum. Abdomen segmento

basali maximo.

Sp. 1. Chlamydopsis Duboulati, n. sp.

C. tota castanea, nitida; pronoto subcylindrico, an-

galis posticis lateraliter porrectis, disco punctis ovali-

bus notato; elytris sparsim granulato-tuberculatis, se-

tosis. Long. corp. lin. 1.

Hab.—Champion Bay, Nov. Holl. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to a

gentleman who has devoted a great share of his attention

whilst in Australia to the collection of minute and sin-

gular species of Coleoptera, including also the following

species (exhibited at the same Meeting of the Society by

Mr. Pascoe ; see Proceedings, 1869, p. xv).

Sp. 2. Chlamydopsis striatella, n. sp.

C. piceo-nigra, subnitida, pronoto transverso, margine

antico acute elevato, angulis anticis auriculato-incisis,

punctis longis setigeris obsito; elytris subquadratis,

dorso valde irregularibus, spatio medio antico fossulato,

humeris acute elevatis et simuatis, parte dimidia postica

striolis numerosissimis obsita. Long. corp. lin. 14.

Hab.—Swan River. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

This species seems to connect Hetrephes with certain

Histeride, such as Hetcerius, and especially with Terapus

(De Marseul, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1862, p. 680,

pl. vii).

Genus ARTICERUS.

Sp. 1. Articerus tumidus, n. sp.

A. castaneo-rufus, vix nitidus, punctatus, luteo-setosus ;

capitis lateribus subparallelis, antennis ovalibus, basi

anguste pedunculatis, apice subtruncatis; prothorace

breviter ovato, subdepresso, canali brevi centrali longi-

tudinali instructo; elytris sutura nigricante, absque linea

and other Exotic Coleoptera. 319

impressa longitudinali contigua; tarsis articulis 2 basali-

bus brevissimis, longe setosis; femoribus intermediis

valde inflatis, prothoracem magnitudine equantibus ;

tibiis omnibus apicem versus latioribus, depressis ; abdo-

mine postice paullo latiore. Long. corp. lin. 3.

Hab.—Swan River. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

It is possible that this insect may be the male of A.

setipes, Westw.

Sp. 2. Articerus Amazonicus, n. sp.

A.- castaneo-rufus, subnitidus; capitis parte antica

(ante oculos) angustiore, subquadrato, antice paullo

latiore; antennis capitis longitudine, subcylindricis,

rectis, sensim ad apicem crassioribus setosis, apice ipso

truncato; prothorace latiore quam longo, versus caput

angustato, subrugoso, postice in medio impressione levi

notato, marginibus lateralibus rotundatis; elytris pro-

thorace multo latioribus, preesertim postice, striola sub-

suturali, alterisque 2 abbreviatis basalibus postice con-

vergentibus; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis simplicibus,

sensim e basi attenuata crassioribus. Long. corp. lin. 3.

Hab.—Amazonia sup. (Dom. Bates.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Genus Paussus.

Sp. 1. Paussus Burchellianus, n. sp.

P. totus castaneo-fulvus, setosus, nitidus; capite antice

emarginato, antennarum clava supra oblonge excavata,

marginibus excavationis tuberculatis, tuberculis setigeris,

angulo supero basali in spinam longam tenuem apice ob-

tuso producto; prothorace bipartito, parte antica angus-

tiore, hujus margine antico transversim carinato et ad

latera utrinque spina tenui obtusa armato; medio pronoti

profunde impresso; pedibus longis,; gracilibus, simplici-

bus. Long. corp. lin. 2.

Hab.—Graham’s Town, Afric. austr.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Genus Aprostoma, Guérin.

Aprostoma, Guérin-Méneville, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 171.

Sp. 1. Aprostoma filum, Guér., 1. c.

The type of this genus inhabits Madagascar, and is, I

320 Prof. Westwood on Hzxotie Coleoptera.

believe, still unique in the collection of M. Guérin-Méne-

ville, who in 1842 allowed me to make a careful figure of

it, and who considered it to be allied to Calodromus among

the Brenthide, and to Colydium. The former relation-

ship is due only to the very elongate and slender form of

the insect. The latter is its genuine affinity, as is proved

by the structure of the different parts of the mouth.

Sp. 2. Aprostoma planifrons, n. sp.

A. filiforme, cylindricum, nigrum, nitidum ; capite sub-

quadrato, supra plano, glabro, margine omni verticis acute

elevato; antennis apicem versus sensim sed paullo cras-

sioribus, et prothorace e 4a parte brevioribus; prothorace

crebre punctato, linea media longitudinali impresso ;

elytris striis impressis punctatis notatis, linea elevata e

medio utriusque ad apicem extensa. Long. corp. lin. 5.

Hab.—River Niger, Africa.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

( 821 )

XXI. Notes on Eastern Butterflies; (continued). By

Aurrep R. Wattace, F.Z.8., V.-P. Ent. Soc., &e.

(Read 7th June and 5th July, 1869.]

Fam. EURYTELIDA.

Genus Etymntas, Hiibner.

(Melanitis, part, Fabr.)

I rottow Mr. F. Moore in adopting Hiibner’s name for

this genus, in preference to Melanitis of Fabricius,

which has been used by most authors down to Westwood

and Felder, but which properly belongs to a genus of

Satyride, of which Leda and Banksia are the types.

It contains a number of remarkable insects differing

in style of colouration, but often resembling species of

other families, especially Danaidee and Morphide. It

is somewhat widely distributed, ranging from West

Africa to New Guinea; but the bulk of the species are

found in the Malay Archipelago, where they are equally

distributed between the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Ma-

layan regions. None, however, are yet known from

Australia. In the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,”

twelve species are given as then known, two being from

Africa, two from India, and eight from the Malayan

Islands. Several species have since been described by

Mr. Hewitson and others; to which I now add eight

from my own collection and that of the British Museum,

making a total of thirty-one Hastern species.

It is imteresting to observe, that the species from the

Austro-Malayan Islands form a compact group, distin-

guished by a regular and somewhat rounded outline of

wings, and resembling in colouration some of the broad-

winged Huplee, or the genus Drusilla ; while the species

of India and the Indo-Malayan Islands, are almost

always characterised by a more irregular outline, waved,

toothed, or even caudate, and generally coloured like

species of Danais, or the more elongate forms of

Huplea.

These are forest-haunting insects, frequenting chiefly

damp places where there is a dense herbaceous vegeta-

tion. Their fight is slow, resembling that of the Saty-

ride and Morphide.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT Iv. (AUGUST). 28

322 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

1. ELymMNIAS UNDULARIS.

3. Papilio undularis, Fabr. Ent: Syst. 11. pt.1. p. 127 ;

Cramer, 256. A. B.; Melanitis undularis, Horsf.

Cat. Lep. H. I. C. pl. ni. f. 24, pl. yam. fg85

Biblis undularis, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 326.

9. Papilio protogenia, Cramer, 189. F. G.; Fabr.

Ent. Syst. 1. pt.i. p. 117; Hlymnias protogenia,

Hiibn. Verz. b. Schmett. n. 323; Biblis proto-

genia, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 327.

Hab.—Singapore, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Lombock,

Flores, Timor (Wall.) ; N. India (B. M.).

The ferruginous band on the hind-wings is often

obsolete, and in a specimen from Borneo, in the British

Museum, the blue spots have also almost disappeared.

Some females nearly resemble the males, but are more

dusky ; others are rufous, as in protogenia, Cr. Speci-

mens from Ceylon have the rufous band more intense,

and in some extending on the margin of the anterior

wings, where the blue spots are almost obsolete. This

very variable species cannot be separated into its local

forms, or races, without much more complete materials

than at present exist.

2. Enymnias Hsaca.

Melanitis Hsaca, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 405 ;

Hewits. Ex. Butt. i. pl. h. f. 5.

Hab.—N.W. Borneo (Coll. Wall.).

A species with remarkably rounded wings, but in its

type of colouration allied to H. undularis.

3. Enymnias Dousara.

Melanitis Dusara, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E. I. C. Mus.

plays tae es

Female. Like the male, but the pale bands are

broader, and somewhat yellower, and contain three or four

small pale spots on the hind-wings.

Hab.—Java (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

on Hastern Butterflies. 323

Mr. Butler identifies Dusara of Horsfield with Pan-

thera, Fab. (Ent. Syst. i. pt. i. p. 75). The description,

however, does not appear to me sufficiently precise to

refer it with certainty to the present species; I therefore

retain Horsfield’s name, identified by a good figure as

well as by typical specimens.

4, KELYMNIAS LUTESCENS.

Elymnias lutescens, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd

Ser. xx. 404, pl.iv.f. 10. ¢.

Hab.—Malacca, Sumatra (Wall.) ; Borneo (B. M.).

The female from Sumatra has less red on the upper

wings, one from Borneo has the pale bands almost obso-

lete, while another has them more distinct, especially

across the apex of the anterior wings. Males from Borneo

are much darker than H. Dusara, with the pale band on

the hind-wings narrower, and enclosing a row of four or

five distinctly ocellate spots.

I was at first disposed to class all these forms as

variations of H. Dusara, but as that species seems to be

very constant in both sexes, with little difference be-

tween them, I have thought it better to keep it distinct ;

while the great variation that occurs in Bornean speci-

mens, and their close approximation to those from

Sumatra and Malacca, render it difficult to separate the

forms of these islands.

5. Etymnras Menipa.

Melanitis Mehida, Hewits. Ex. Butt. 1. pl. hi.

ees a Oe ee

Hab.—Singapore (Coll. Wall., type).

6. Etymnias Hatrarina.

Melanitis Egialina, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 452,

ph Axi. di, 7;8:

Hab.—ULuzon (Coll. Feld.).

7. Huymnias THYCANA, 0. 8.

Near H. Egialina, Felder; rather larger.

232

$24 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Male. Above, anterior wings lke H. Egialina, but

with less white, and the blue tint extending further on

the disc; hind-wings with a large ochreish-white patch

covering the abdominal region and centre of the wing,

the base slightly bluish. Beneath, the anterior wings

irregularly blotched, and irrorated with white ; hind-wings

with a large patch of ochre-yellow, extending to the

abdominal margin and continued by paler spots to the

inner margin, above and attached to which are two or

three dull red spots not. extending into the discoidal

cell.

Female. Above, paler, with the bluish and white por-

tions more diffused. Beneath, very much whiter, with

finer irrorations, and the yellow patch more diftused.

Hab.—India (Coll. B. M., type).

This, and its allies, resemble Pieride, of the genus

Thyca.

8. HELYMNIAS BORNEENSIS, 0. s.

Alhed to M. Hgialina, Felder.

Female. Above, dusky; anterior wings with a slaty

transverse band, midway between the end of the

discoidal cell and the apex, which is contimued by

spots to the outer angle; from the lowest spot a stripe

goes to the base of the wing, and within the next two

spots are shorter yellowish stripes. Hind-wings with a

broad yellowish-white band across the centre, from the

abdominal margin to the first median nervure; base

bluish; a submarginal row of three or four small dusky

spots ocellated with bluish.

Beneath, dusky, irrorated with yellowish on the outer

half; lower wings with two large reddish spots at the

base, the broad central band ochre-yellow, the row of

six ocellate spots very distinct, also one towards the

base, near the inner margin, and two obscure spots near

the apex of the upper wings. Antenne strongly ringed,

dusky, yellow beneath.

Expanse 25 inches.

Hab.—Sarawak, Borneo (Coll. Wall., type).

on Eastern Butterflies. 825

9. ELYMNIAS PENANGA.

Melanitis penanga, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 405.

(nec Hewitson).

Hab.—Penang (B. M., type).

10. ELYMNIAS SUMATRANA.

Melanitis penanga, Hewits. Ex. Butt. ii. pl. li. f. 1, 4.

(nee Westwood.)

Hab.—Sumatra (Coll. Wall., type).

This species is remarkably like M. penanga, but as the

conspicuous golden-yellow spot on the costal margin of

the hind-wings (underside) is entirely absent, and as it

also differs in the white patch on the hind-wings above,

and in their somewhat more angular outline, I feel com-

pelled to separate it.

11. Exnymnras Lats.

Papilio Lais, Cram. 110. A. B.; Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii.

pt. i. p. 58; Biblis Lais, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 326;

Melanitis Lais, Doub. West. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep.;

Elymnias Lais, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 237.

Hab.—Sumatra (Wall. g. 9.), Java, Borneo (B. M.

ie).

The Java specimens (Cramer’s types) agree very

closely with those of Sumatra and Borneo in the males.

The female is paler and yellower in colour, and rather

larger. A female from Sumatra, collected by myself,

differs considerably ; the markings are much less distinct,

of a pale yellowish colour, except at the apex, where

they are bluish; and the ground colour is rich brown.

This specimen, to some extent, connects this species

with H. Casiphone.

12. EHtymnias CasIPHoNE.

Elymnias Casiphone, Hiibn. Samm. Exot. Schmett. iii.

pl. 18?

Hab.—Java (Coll. Wall., B. M. 3).

A species closely allied to #. Lats, but of very different

colouration.

326 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

13. HEiymnias TIManpRa, 0. s.

Like H. Lais; outline of wings more dentate, especially

on the hind-wings.

Male. Above, like . Lais, but the markings broader,

and of a rich verditer blue on the upper-wings; beneath,

the base of the wings is much darker.

Female. Wings more elongate; markings pale ochre,

tinged with bluish on the upper-wings, the tooth at the

outer angle of the hind-wings forming a short tail.

Hab.—Sylhet, Moulmein (Brit. Mus., type).

Very closely allied to H. Lais, but the different outline

of the wings, and distinct colouring, render it necessary

to separate it.

14. Enymnras Kamara.

Elymnias Kamara, Moore, Cat. Lep. EH. I. C. p. 239.

Hab.—Java (B. M. ¢.).

15. Hnymnias Curyx.

Melanitis Ceryx, Boisd. Sp. Gen. Lep. pl. 50. f. 8.

Male. Wings more elongate, with the costa less arched

than in #7, Lais; whitish ash colour, with the veins and

the outer margin of all the wings blackish bordered, in

the border is a row of white spots which on the upper-

wings are larger, ovate, and disposed in a very sinuate

line; the anal angle is tinged with ferruginous. Beneath,

ferruginous brown, the whitish portions more restricted

than above, and the margins beyond the row of spots

with coarse white irrorations.

Female. Paler, and less distinctly marked.

Expanse 3-34 inches.

Hab.—Java (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

The underside of this species is well figured by Bois-

duval. I obtained specimens in Java, but it appears to

be rare.

16. ELyMNIAS LEUCOCYMA.

Biblis leucocyma, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 326.

Hab.—North India (B. M., Coll. Wall.).

on Hastern Butterflies. 327

17. HLYMNIAS PATNA.

Melanitis patna, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 405.

Hab.—India (B. M.).

A fine species, somewhat like H. leucocyma, but with

spots beneath as in H, Hewitsoni.

18. Etywniras MALeEtas.

Melanitis malelas, Hewits. Ex. Butt. 11. pl. li. f. 6,7.

Hab.—HKast India (Coll. Saunders and Hewitson).

Allied to H. leucocyma, but differing in the smooth

outline of the wings, and the produced outer angle of

the hind-wings.

19. Etymnras VASUDEVA.

Hlymnias Vasudeva, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 238.

Hab.—Darjeeling (HE. I. Museum).

20. Hiymnias Hewitsont.

Melanitis leucocyma, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 53,

pl. ix. f. 34 (nec Biblis leucocyma, Godt.).

Hab.—Macassar, S. Celebes (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

Female. Brown, with a purple gloss on the upper-

wings, and a white band from the middle of the costa

towards the outer angle; under-wings with the white

submarginal spots small, and above them a white band

from the median vein to the abdominal margin. Beneath ;

with the white bands less distinct, the spots as in Mr.

Hewitson’s figure, but smaller. The irroration very coarse

and whitish.

This species does not at all agree with Godart’s descrip-

tion, which is of an insect closely allied to H. undularis.

I have therefore named it after Mr. Hewitson, who has

so carefully figured it.

21. Htymnias Hicertas, n. s.

Male. Form of M. Hewitsoni; the subcostal vein not

so close to its second branch as in that species, and the

328 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

lower disco-cellular circular instead of elliptical. Above,

blackish-purple or brown, a curved band across the apex,

continued along the costal and outer margins to the anal

angle, pale bronzy-blue; the spots on the hind-wing much

smaller and nearer to the margin than in M, Hewitsont,

and the two next the outer angle wanting. Beneath,

irrorated as in M. Hewitsoni, the submarginal spots of the

anterior wings absent; on the hind-wings the costal spot

much smaller, and the marginal spots as above.

Hab.—Macassar, 8. Celebes (Coll. Wall., type).

This fine species is very closely allied to M. Hewitsoni,

and being from the same locality, was at first considered

to be a variety, but a more close examination showed that

it differed shghtly in many important points, and must

be considered as perfectly distinct.

22. EKLYMNIAS CUM@A.

Melanitis cwmcea, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 452, pl. lx.

og iia hE

Hab.—Gilolo (Coll. Feld.).

A fine species, very near to M. Hicetas.

23. Hiymnias Mimaton.

Melanitis Mimalon, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 52,

De, txt, ore

Hab.—Menado, N. Celebes (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

24. ELymnras VITELLIA.

Papilio Vitellia, Cram. 349. EH. F.; Godt. Enc. Méth. ix.

397.

Melanitis stellaris, Vollenh. Tijd. Ent. iv. 159, 9.

Hab.—Amboyna, Ceram (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

25. ELYMNIAS VIMINALIS, n. s.

Male. Form of H. Vitellia; the second branch of the

subcostal vein more divergent.

Above, uniform brownish-black, a narrow margin on

the anterior, a broad one on the posterior wings, earthy-

on Eastern Butterflies. 329

brown. Beneath, marked as in H. Vitellia, but the spots

have a greenish-yellow tinge, and those on the hind-wings

are placed nearer the posterior margin.

Hab.—Bouru (Coll. Wall., type).

Very close to H. Vitellia, of which it may be considered

to be a local modification.

26. Euymnias CyBELe.

Melanitis Cybele, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1860, p. 248.

Hab.—Batchian, Kaioa Is., Ternate (Wall.).

27. Exymnias MEtias.

Melanitis Melias, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1863,

p- 120; Nov. Voy. Lep. tab. Ixi. f. 11.

Hab.—Bourias, Locban (Philippines) .

A remarkable black and white species, resembling an

Euplea.

28. ELYMNIAS PAPUA, 0. S.

Male. Above, dusky purplish-black, the hind-wings

paler towards the outer margin, towards the centre of

which are a few groups of pale ochreish scales forming

indistinct spots. Beneath, dusky, the margins paler,

especially on the lower wings, which have also three

bluish-white round spots parallel to the inner margin, and

two very minute ones near the outer margin.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab.—New Guinea (Coll. Wall., type).

This species closely resembles an Huplea.

29. Enymnras MELANE.

Melanitis Melane, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 465,

pls, ly de Lado’

Hab.—Aru Islands, Ké Islands (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

Males. Mr. Hewitson’s fig. 1, represents a male from

the Aru Islands; one from the Ké Islands has the whitish

band on the hind-wings much broader, and the black

spots without ocelli.

330 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Females. Mr. Hewitson’s fig. 2, represents one from

Ké Islands; another from Aru is much darker, and has

the white patch on the anterior wings reduced. Fig. 3 is

from the Aru Islands. Fig. 41s from the Ké Islands.

It is difficult to determine whether the forms from

these two islands should be separated. There are some

differences in neuration, but a close examination of all

my specimens has shown that these are not constant in

both sexes. It will, perhaps, be better therefore to leave

them together till a more extensive series from both

islands may enable us to determine if any constant dif-

ferences exist.

30. Hnymnias MELANTHO, 0. s.

Rather smaller than H. Melane, the second branch of

the subcostal vein arising further from the end of the cell

in both sexes.

Male. Above, purplish-brown-black, apex of the an-

terior wings slaty-blue, hind-wings with a bluish border

and ocelli, as in the less strongly marked specimens of H.

Melane. Beneath, nearly as in the Aru form of H. Melane,

but the apex of the upper wings is less distinctly marked.

Female. Dusky, a whitish patch towards the apex of

each wing, with an obscure ocellus and one spot on each

hind-wing ; beneath, as above, with three very dark large

ocellate spots on a small patch of rufous-orange.

Hab.—Gagie Is. (West of Waigiou) (Wall., type).

This seems to be an extreme form of H. Melane, the

most obvious difference is in the whole basal and central

portion of the hind-wings beneath in the female being

dark, whereas the disc is white in all the forms of LH.

Melane which I have seen.

31. Htymnias AGONDAS.

&. Dyctis Agondas, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. Ent. p. 138,

pli? P.O.

2. Dyctis bioculatus, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 354,

pl. 54*, £. 4 (mee Morpho bioculatus, Guér.).

Hab.—New Guinea, Mysol (Wall.).

This species may be readily distinguished from H. Me-

lane, by having only one or two ocelli near the anal angle;

on Hastern Butterflies. jel

as well as by the form and position of the ocelli in the

female. In some males, the pale bronze border is

dilated on the hind-wings into a broad whitish band.

The Morpho bioculatus of Guérin, with which the female

has been confounded, is a Drusilla, which wonderfully

resembles it above.

Genus HKuryteta, Boisduval.

This essentially African genus is represented in the

Malayan Islands by two very well-marked species, both

of which appear to be somewhat rare, while it has not yet

been found in India, a peculiarity of distribution which

is analagous to that of the anthropoid apes.

1. EHuryreta CaAsteLNavl.

Burytela Castelnawi, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1860, p.

401; Nov. Voy. Lep. tab. lxi. f. 5, 6.

Hab.—Singapore, Borneo (Wall.); Malay Peninsula

(Feld.).

A remarkable species, of a deep ultramarine blue, with-

out gloss.

2. EuryteLta HorsFiepti.

$. Hurytela Horsfieldi, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madagasc. p. 54.

9. H. Stephensi, Boisd. lib. cit. p. 55.

Hab.—Java.

Though so different in colour, there can be little doubt

that these two insects are the sexes of one species, since

the structure of the feet shows that the blue are males,

and the brown females.

As Boisduval’s descriptions are given in a work where

they would not be expected to occur, I repeat them here.

“‘ Hurytela Horsfieldi. Alis dentatis, supra nigro-cyanes-

centibus, fascia communi discoidali evanescente dilution ;

subtus fusco-grisea, lineis 4 undulatis fuscis, posticis

rotundatis, anticis apice productis.”

“ Hurytela Stephensi. Alis dentatis, fusco-ferrugineis,

lineis 4 undulatis fuscis, fasciaque discoidali communi, in

anticis interrupta, lutea; subtus pallidioribus, posticis

rotundatis, anticis apice productis.”

332 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Genus Ercotis, Boisduval.

This genus has been placed by Mr. Moore among the

Nymphalide near Precis, some of the species of which are

very similar in colouration. Its larva, as figured from

Horsfield’s drawings, also agrees with the Junonia type,

but the perfect insect, in the details of its neuration and

other characters, is unmistakeably allied to the rest of

the Hurytelide. It seems probable, therefore, that as we

know sometimes happens, the larva alone has become

modified, so as to resemble a group with which it has no

direct affinity.

These are smaller insects than Hlymnias, and frequent

more open situations, fluttering among herbage, and

having much the habit of the more active Satyride. They

range from Africa through India to Timor and the Mo-

luccas, and though tolerably abundant in individuals, do

not comprise more than a dozen known species.

1. Ercoris ARIADNE.

Papilio Ariadne, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1.778; Fabr. Syst.

Ent. p. 507.

Papilio Coryta, Cram. 86. H. F.; Ariadne Coryta, Horsf.

Cat. Lep. H. I. C. pl. vi. f. 2; Hrgolis Coryta, Doubl. Gen.

Diurn. Lep. p. 411.

Hab.—Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Flores, Timor, Formosa

(Wall.); Sylhet, Mysore (B. M.).

The description of Linneeus, ‘‘alis angulatis,” and his

locality ‘‘ Java,’ agrees with this species, rather than with

the Merione of Cramer, with which it has sometimes been

confounded.

2. Ercaouts MeErIone.

Papilio Merione, Cram. 144. G. H.

Ergolis Ariadne, Doubl. List Lep. B. Mus. pt. 1, p. 145;

Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 411 (nec Linn.).

Hab.—North and Central India.

Distinguished from H. Ariadne by its less angular wings,

and more zigzag markings. A variety in the British

Museum has paler wings, variegated with some yellowish

spots.

on Hastern Butterflies. 333

3. ERGOLIS LUZONIA.

Ergolis luzonia, Felder, Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 450.

Hab.—Luzon.

This species seems to be a local modification of LH.

Ariadne, rather larger, with slight differences in the

markings; and the subapical white spot nearly or quite

obsolete.

4. Ercouis Isxvus, n. s.

Outline of wings nearly even, with an angular lobe on

the upper-wings, waved striz somewhat as in H. Coryta,

but disposed in pairs, no white spot near the apex; on

the hind-wings a series of distinct sub-lunulate ring

markings, each enclosing an obscure reddish spot.

Beneath, upper wings dusky, the disc reddish-brown,

the borders pale, a dusky streak parallel to the outer

margin; lower wings pale brown, the markings as above,

but the lunulate ring spots smaller, the outer border ashy

brown.

The female is like the male, but paler, especially beneath.

Size of H. Coryta.

Hab.—Singapore, Sumatra (Coll. Wall., type).

This species has probably been confounded with EH.

Coryta, from which the even outline of the wings, and

the absence of the white spot, at once distinguish it.

5. ERGOLIS TAPROBANA.

Ergolis taprobana, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 410, pl.

68, f. 4.

Hab.—Ceylon (B. M.).

A dark rusty-coloured species, with the upper-wings

less angular than in HL. Iseeus.

6. ERGoLIS TIMORA, n. 8.

Male. Above, rich orange-brown.; the outer margins,

and the base within a waved line, dusky; the outer edge

scallopped, as in #. Ooryta, but not marked with white, a

submarginal waved line bounding the dusky border

within, blackish. Beneath, rich brown, the basal half

304 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

concentrically marked with dusty white bands, which

colour appears also in patches on the outer margins; a

distinct white spot near the apex of the upper-wings, as

in HL. Coryta.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab.—Timor (Wall., type).

7. ERGOLIS TENIATA.

Ergolis teniata, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1861, p. 303;

INGv. Voy: epi ph Ixi™f 1520" oF

Hab.—Luzon (B. M.).

A distinct and very handsome species, distinguished

by a broad rufous-yellow band on a brown ground-colour.

8. ERGOLIS ADELPHA.

Ergolis adelpha, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1861, p. 303.

Hab.—Mindanao.

Closely allied to H. teniata, but smaller, and the an-

terior wings more angulate.

2. ERGOLIS OBSCURA.

Ergolis obscura, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 450, pl. Lxi. f. 3, 4.

Hab.—‘‘ Halmaheira,” Gilolo (Felder).

This very distinct species may be at once distinguished

from the rest of the genus by its uniformly rounded

wings. Itis of a dusky colour, and the usual markings

are nearly obliterated.

Fam. LIBYTHEIDA.

Genus Lisytura, Fabricius.

This small group is of world-wide distribution, and

like all such, is a frequenter of open grounds, plains,

river-banks, and sea-shores, rather than the virgin

forest. The species are all small, and in the activity of

their motions resemble the lesser Nymphalide. Dr. Felder

places them between the Hrycinide and Danaide.

on Hastern Butterflies. 335

1. Lisyrnea Myrraa.

Inbythea Myrrha, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 171; Hiibn.

Zutrage, f. 789, 790; G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. Nepaul,

to, pr, xi. f. Ss.

Hab.—N. and 8. India; Var. Ceylon and S. India

(B. M.); Var. Borneo (Coll. Wall.) ; Java (Godt.).

Varies much in the width of the bands and the size of

the spots; specimens from Ceylon and §. India have

these very much reduced and paler, the apical spots

being nearly white. Specimens which have recently

arrived from Borneo, have the wings somewhat less fal-

cate, and less dentate behind, but as the species varies

so much, these can hardly be separated.

2. LisyrHea Lepira.

Iibythea Lepita, Moore, Cat. Lep. H. I. C. p. 240.

“ Differs from LZ. Myrrha in the ferruginous streak —

from the base of the fore-wings being divided into two

portions” (Moore.).

Hab.—N. India, Bootan (HK. I. Mus.).

3. Lisytaea Narina,.

Iibythea Narina, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 171.

Libythea Neratia, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 313.

Hab.—Ceram, Gilolo (Wall. ¢.).

This resembles the African species L. Labdaca ;

Godart’s locality, “ Java,” is, probably, erroneous.

4, LipytHeA GEOFFROYI.

Inbythea Geoffroyi, Godt. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii.

Lep. pl. 2; Enc. Méth. ix. 813.

Female. Above, blackish-brown, the basal and anal

regions reddish-brown. Anterior wings with four white

spots, two transverse near the apex, as in the male but

larger, a small oval spot at the end of the cell, and a

much larger one below it. Hind-wings with the trans-

verse orange band more distinct than in the male.

Beneath; the spots as above, a basal stripe of dull

orange, the apex of the anterior wings and the whole

surface of the hind-wings of a reddish-ash colour, with a

few blackish irrorations, which form a very obscure in-

terrupted band across the disc.

336 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Expanse 2°2 inches.

Hab.—tTimor, Flores (Wall. ¢. 2).

Godart gives “‘ Java” as the locality of his species,

but it is more probable that the specimens came from

some of the islands east of it.

5. LispyTHEA ANTIPODA.

Libythea antipoda, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 318, pl. xlu.

fig. 9, 10

6. Var. ?. Apex of fore-wing's narrow, and rounded as

in L. batchiana, of hind-wings somewhat toothed at the anal

angle, as in L. ceramensis and L. Geoffroyz; middle

disco-cellular vein curved, lower nearly straight.

Above: fore-wings uniform violet, with four black

veins, and a narrow dusky border ; hind-wings violet,

with a broad posterior and abdominal border.

Beneath: fore-wings ochreish-yellow, slightly irrorated

at the apex, and with two subapical pale spots as in the

allied species ; the lower submarginal spot very faintly

indicated ; hind-wings earthy-brown, irrorated, the

whitish bands not very distinct.

Hab.—Macassar (Wall.), Philippine Is.

My Macassar specimen agrees with one from the Philip-

pines, but differs somewhat from Felder’s figure and

description.

6. LiIBYTHEA CERAMENSIS, 0. 8.

Male. Rather larger than L. Geoffroyi, upper-wings

less abruptly notched. Above, the violet-blue tinge ex-

tends over the disc of all the wings, leaving only a dusky

border, the white spots and rufous band wanting, the

nervures rather broadly dusky. On the underside, the

fore-wings have the apical spots as in L. Geoffroyi, but

the lower spots are replaced by an obscure pale band,

and there is no white spot within the cell, which is entirely

rufous: the hind-wings are irrorated, blackish-brown, with

three curved white bands.

Expanse 2} inches.

Hab.—Ceram (Wall., type).

7. LiBYTHEA BATCHIANA, N. 8.

Male. Very close to L. ceramensis, apex of wing more

elongate and rounded, and hind-wings less produced at

anal angle; the middle and lower disco-cellular veins are

on Hastern Butterflies. 337

more curved. The dusky margins of the wings are much

broader, the veins thicker, and the violet colour darker

and confined to the basal portion of the wings. Beneath,

the colour is rather paler and the bands on the hind-wings

better defined. Rather smaller than L. ceramensis.

Hab.—Batchian (Wall., type).

Fam. NYMPHALIDA.

Genus Creruosta, Fabricius.

No less than fourteen species of this genus have been

recently described by Felder, many of them discovered

by myself. I now add one more, bringing up the number

of described species to twenty-four, of which the follow-

ing is a list. With the exception of three Indian and

one Australian species, all are found in the Malay Archi-

pelago, and are pretty equally distributed between the

Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan divisions.

List of the Species of Cethosia.

TRANS. ENT. soc, 1869.—Part Iv.

(AUGUST) .

1. Biblis, Cr. 175, A. B: N. India.

2. Javana, Feld. Nov. Voy. p. 384. Java.

3. Mesta, Feld. Nov. Voy. p. 383. Ceram, Batchian (W.).

4. Amboinensis, Feld. | Nov. Voy. p. 382. Amboyna.

5. Eurymena, Feld. Nov. Voy. p. 384. Manilla.

6. Picta, Feld. Nov. Voy. p. 381. Macassar (W.).

7. Myrina, Feld. Noy. Voy. pl. xlviii. f. | Macassar,Menado(W.).

3, 4.

8. Nicobarica, Feld. Nov. Voy. pl. xlviii. f. | Nicobar Is.

fin Bk

9. Cyane, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 503. N. and 8. India.

10. Nietneri, Feld. Noy. Voy. p. 380. Ceylon.

11. Penthesilea, Cr. 145, B. C. Java, Lombock, Timor

(W.), India, China.

12. Hypsea, Db. & Hew. | Gen. pl. xx. f. 4. Java, Borneo (W.).

(=ole, Moo.)

13. Hypsina, Feld. Nov. Voy. p. 385. Singapore, Sumatra

(W.), Malacca.

14. Luzonica, Feld. Wien. Ent. Mon. yii. | Luzon.

p- 107.

15. Mindanensis, Feld. | Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. | Mindanao.

p- 106.

16. Cydippe, Linn. Cierck, Icon. pl. xxxvi. | Amboyna, Ceram (W.).

dole

17. Bernsteinii, Feld. | Nov. Voy. p. 879. Batchian, Gilolo, Mor-

ty (W.).

18. Chrysippe, Don. Ins. N. Holl. pl. xxiv. | Australia (W.).

se pile

°19. Damasippe, Feld. | Nov. Voy. p. 379. N. Guinea, Aru, My-

sol (W.).

338 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Cethosia—continued.

20. Cydalina, Feld. Noy. Voy. p. 380. Goram, Matabello,

Ke (W.).

21. Cyrene, Wall. infra. Waigiou (W.).

22. Lamarckii, Godt. Ene. Méth. ix. p. 249. | Timor (W.), Australia

(B. M.).

23. Leschenaultu, Ene. Méth. ix. p. 249. | Timor (W.).

Godt.

24. Obscura, Guér. Voy. Coquille, pl. xv. | New Ireland.

f. 4.

CrtTHosiA CYRENE, n. s.

Male. Near C. Cydalina and C. Damasippe; anterior

wing's rather more elongate.

Above: blue-black, the basal red portion well-defined,

as in CO. Damasippe, but browner; the anterior wings

with the marginal lunules more distinctly marked, the

submarginal white spots largest between the first and

second median nervules, decreasing towards the apex, the

white patch rather smaller than in C. Cydalina, but larger

than in OC. Damasippe; posterior wings with the marginal

white lunules distinctly marked, and an inner band of six

white quadrate-lunate spots, divided by fine nervures, and

each enclosing a triangular black spot. Beneath: it differs

from the allied species nearly as above.

Hab.—Waigiou.

This fine species differs at first sight from all its allies

by the conspicuous white band on the hind-wings, which

is sometimes faintly tinged with rufous. It is certainly

as distinct as any others of the Oydippe and Chrysippe

group.

Genus Crrrocuroa, Doubleday.

This genus has increased since the date of publication

of the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’ from three

species to sixteen, given in the following list, including

three which I now describe as new. ‘Two inhabit India,

and fifteen the Malay Archipelago, nine being found in

the Indo-Malay region, three in Celebes, and two in the

Papuan Islands. They frequent sunny openings in the

forests, and resemble in their flight the genus Argynnis.

on Hastern Butterflies.

339

Inst of Species of Cirrochroa.

1. Aovis, Doubl.

2. Thais, Fabr.

3. Bajadeta, Moore.

4. Malaya, Feld.

. Calypso, Wall.

. Clagia, Godt.

. Tyche, Feld.

. Thule, Feld.

S52 300) Sie Ge SF Oy

. Fasciata, Feld.

10. Hetera, Feld.

11. Ravana, Moore.

12. Orissa, Feld.

13. Satyrina, Feld.

14. Semiramis, Feld.

15. Regina, Feld.

16. Ducalis, Wall.

Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl.

xOrtI5 iy

Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i.

p. 149.

Cat. Lep. H. I. C. p.

150, pl. exia. f. 3.

Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

p- 399

infra.

Enc. Méth. ix. p. 816.

Wien. Ent.

v. p. 301.

Nov. Voy. pl. xlix. f.

Deg

Monats.

Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

p. 236, v. p. 301, Nov.

ove plo xlnx. f. 95 10:

Nov. Voy. p. 388.

Cat. Lep. H. I. C. p.

150.

Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

p. 399.

Nov. Voy. p. 389.

Nov. Voy. pl. xlix. f.

3, 4.

Noy. Voy. pl. xlix. f.

5, 6

infra, p. 340.

N. India.

Java (W.), Moulmein,

Ceylon.

Java.

Singapore, Sumatra

(W.), Malay Penin-

sula.

Borneo (Sarawak).

Java (W.), Singapore

(B. M.).

Mindoro.

Macassar, Menado(W.).

Mindoro, Sumatra.

Borneo (W.).

Singapore (W.), Malay

Peninsula (Feld.).

Celebes (Feld.).

Macassar (W.).

Aru Is. (W.).

New Guinea, Waigiou

CrrROcHROA CALYPSO, 0. Ss.

Male.

Like O. malaya, Feld., outline of wings more

even, upper-wings not so much elongate.

Above: the nervures not black on the outer half of

spot absent, the inner row of lunules on the hind-wmgs

more distant from the margin and less regular than in

C. malaya.

Beneath: on the anterior wings near the apex are four

or five bluish-white lunules, on the hind-wings the trans-

verse band is whiter, narrower, and not suddenly nar-

rowed above the cell as in O. malaya; the whole under-

surface is of a richer brown, with the lunulate markings

yellowish-brown, not dusky edged.

Expanse 2°7 inches.

Hab.—Borneo (Wallace).

202

340 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Although very close to C. malaya, this species is suffi-

ciently distinct both in outline and in characteristic

markings.

Crrrocuroa ORISSA.

3. Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. 1860, p. 399.

Female. Differs from the male, above, in bemg of a

more earthy-brown colour, and in the median portion of

the upper-wing forming a transverse band of pale brown-

ish-yellow. Beneath, as in the male, but a little paler,

and the transverse band on the upper-wings yellowish

instead of white.

Hab.—Singapore (Wallace); Malay Peninsula (Feld.).

CIRROCHROA DUCALIS, Ni. 8.

Size and form of C. regina, colouration more like OQ.

Semiramis.

Male. Above: the purple border is narrower than in

C. regina, and the basal orange portion of uniform tint

as in C. Semiramis. ;

Beneath: the ground colour is more rufous than in

C. regina, the basal half rufous-orange tinged with

pearly-violet, the silvery-white band is straighter with

more even edges, and the waved submarginal band is

rufous-orange on all the wings, and narrower than in

C. regina.

Hab.—New Guinea, Waigiou (Wallace).

This is-a well-marked local form, which it seems de-

sirable to distinguish from C. regina, a species peculiar

to the Aru Islands.

Genus Trrtnos, Boisduval.

This beautiful genus contained but a single species

from its establishment in 1836 to 1862, when Mr.

Hewitson described four new ones, two of which were

collected by myself. Felder and Butler have since each

described a species, and I now add two more, bringing

me number up to nine, of which the following is a

1st :—

on Hastern Butterflies. S41

List of the species of Terinos.

1. Clarissa, Boisd. Sp. Gen. pl. ix. f. 4. Jaya, Borneo, Singa-

pore (W.).

2. Nympha, Wall. infra, p. 342. Borneo (W.).

3. Robertsia, Butl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd | Malacca, Sumatra(W.).

Ser. xx. pl. viii. f. 2-4.

4. Viola, Wall. infra, p. 343. Singapore, Sumatra

aie)

5. Terpander, Hewits. | Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, | Borneo.

p- 90.

6. Tawxiles, Hewits. I. c. p. 89, pl. x. f. 3, 4. | Batchian, Gilolo (W.).

7. Abisares, Feld. Noy. Voy. p. 386. Celebes (W.).

8. Teuthras, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, | East India.

p. 89. ;

9. Tethys, Hewits. I. c. p. 88, pl. x. f. 1, 2. ° Mysol (W.).

The most striking characteristics of these insects are

the hairy eyes, and the large plush-like scales which, in

the males, form a large patch on both wings, but which

are often replaced in the females by blue bands and

patches, giving this sex the aspect of a distinct species.

Still more remarkable, however, is the great difference

of neuration presented by the sexes in some of the

species. Mr. Hewitson pointed out the variation in the

position of the lower disco-cellular vein in relation to the

second branch of the median vein, whereby closely allied

species may readily be distinguished. This is undoubtedly

the case; but by examination of four species of which I

possess both sexes, I find that the difference between

the neuration of the sexes is fully as great as between

that of the most distant species. I find also by measure-

ment and comparison, that the disco-cellular vein retains

a constant position, so that the length of the cell does

not vary, and that it is the branches of the median vem

that alter their position, being, in some cases, very much

further from the base of the wing than in others. In 7’.

Clarissa the sexual difference is perceptible, but slight.

In 7. Robertsia and 1’. Tawiles it is very easily seen, as in

the male the second median branch springs from the

same point as the lower disco-cellular, while in the female

it comes almost exactly midway between the first and

‘second branch. In 1. Abisares the difference is still

more marked, since in the male the disco-cellular arises

in advance of the second median branch, while in the

female it is nearly midway between them. This is a re-

markable illustration of Darwin’s law, that when a parti-

cular character varies sexually, it also varies specifically.

As a rule, differences of neuration are generic, rarely

342 Mr. A. BR. Wallace’s Notes

varying much from closely-allied species to species. Here

we have them asa sexual distinction ; and we also find

them varying in an unusual degree from species to species.

Itis also very interesting to remark, that in the two species,

T’. Robertsia and T’. Viola, the Singapore variety is more

highly coloured, and has the branches of the median

veins more distant from the base of the wing than in the

more rufous-tinged Sumatran specimens, showing a re-

markable correlation between local modifications of tint,

and what are usually important and stable structural

characters.

Trerinos NyMPHA, n. s.

Male. Form nearly as in 1’. Clarissa, but the outer

margin of the upper-wings rather less hollowed, and that

of the lower-wings considerably less angulate.

Above: colour as in 7’. Clarissa, but the velvety patch

extends higher across the upper discoidal vein, while it

does not extend so far towards the base of the wing ;

position of the lower disco-cellular nervure as in 1’.

Tawiles. The orange-rufous patch on the himd-wings

contains no dark lunular markings, but has a bluish sub-

marginal line, most distinct near the anal angle, and the

velvety patch at the outer angle extends fully half-way

up the inner margin.

Beneath: the markings are very similar to those of

T’. Clarissa, but there is a broad terminal band of pearly-

pinkish-white on the hind-wings.

Expanse 2°9 inches.

Hab.—Sarawak.

Distinct in form, neuration and colouring from the

elosely-allied 7’. Clarissa.

Tertnos Ropertsia.

Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. vol. xx. p. 399,

pl. vin. figs. 2, 3, 4

Hab.—Malacca (Roberts) ; Singapore (Wallace).

In this form the disco-cellular meets the median vein

a little nearer the base than the origin of its second

branch.

Local form. <A.

Hab.—Sumatra (Wallace).

Browner, with the blue portions more violet, and the

white posterior spots replaced by rufous. The disco-cel-

on Hastern Butterflies. 345

lular meets the median vein at the origin of its second

branch.

These two forms are so much alike that, notwith-

standing the difference of neuration, I hardly like to

separate them.

TERINOS VIOLA, n. s.

Male. Form of T. Clarissa, but the apex of the an-

terior wings rather broader and more angulate, the hind-

wines a little more caudate.

Above: violet or violet-brown, the velvety patch ex-

tending over the upper discoidal vein on the anterior

wings. Hind-wings rich violet-blue, or brown tinged

with violet, a velvety patch at the outer angle as in 7’.

Clarissa, a pale white or brownish patch on the outer

margin, and a submarginal dusky or bluish waved line.

Beneath: rufous-brown, with waved brown markings

on the basal portion of the wings, the hind-wings with a

pale submarginal band enclosing a broad zigzag rufous-

yellow line, within which are four rufous spots.

Hxpanse 3°5 inches.

Hab.—Singapore, Sumatra (Wallace).

Distinguished at once by its angular form and peculiar

colouration. The Sumatra specimen is less deeply

coloured than that from Singapore, and the lower disco-

cellular meets the median vein a little beyond the origin

of its second branch, while in the darker Singapore form

the two meet at the same point. The two forms are, in

other respects, so much alike, that I hesitate to separate

them.

Genus ArrLia, Doubleday.

I describe one new species of this small and simply-

coloured genus, which now contaims nine KHastern

species, as in the followmg list :—

1. Phalanta, Drury. India, Java, Timor, Macassar.

2. Alcippe, Cram. Ceram, Batchian, Gilolo.

3. Celebensis, Wallace. Celebes.

4. Aruana, Feld. Aru Is., Mysol.

5. Sinha, Kollar. Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Timor,

N. India.

6. Egista, Cram. Amboyna,. Bouru, Batchian, Morty,

N. Guinea.

7. Fasciata, Feld. Sumatra.

8. Gaberti, Guér. Taiti.

9. Egestina, Quoy and Gaim. Guam.

344 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

These insects frequent sunny open places, and resemble

in appearance and habits the genus Melitcea.

ATELLA CELEBENSIS, D. 8S.

Near A. Alcippe; costarather more curved, and outer

edge straighter.

Male. Above: on the anterior wings the submarginal

lunules are less defined and thicker, that at the outer

angle forming an elongate spot; the inner band of spots

is farther from the margin and less regular, and there is

a third row of small lunulate marks which is barely indi-

cated or altogether wanting in A. Alcippe; the basal

markings are also more distinct. On the hind-wings the

black costal margin is divided throughout by a rufous

line, the transverse line across the disc and the basal

markings are more distinct.

Beneath: the spots and black markings are paler than

in A. Alcippe, and the pale submarginal band enclosing

the row of spots is a little broader.

Female. The spots and markings rather broader and

less defined than in the male, the median band edged

with a line of violet-pink, somewhat as in Messaras

Meceonides.

Expanse 2°1—2:4 inches.

Hab.—Macassar (Wallace).

This species appears sufficiently distinct from A.

Alcippe, and the appearance in the female of the fine

violet colour of a Celebesian species of the allied genus

Messaras, is very remarkable.

Genus Laocona, Boisduval.

I possess two new species of this small genus, which

brings up the number to six, ranging from India to New

Guinea. These are strong and active insects, frequent-

ing sunny places on the skirts of the forests.

Inst of Species.

1. Hippocla, Cram. Java, Celebes, Moluccas.

2. Hyleus, Wall. New Guinea.

3. Hypatia, Wall. Java.

4. Hypselis, Godt. India.

5. Lilea, Hewits. India.

6. Hippalus, Feld. Gilolo.

on Eastern Butterflies. B45

Cramer’s type of L. Hippocla is from Amboyna. The

specimens from Celebes differ considerably in marking,

and may be distinct. The females of these are brown,

but paler than the males. The Indian form, with a white

female, is probably distinct, and has not yet been

named.

Laocona Hy aus, n. s.

Male. Allied to L. Hippocla; outline of wings more

even, except the portion between the short tail and the

anal angle, which is more regularly scallopped.

Above: nearly as in L. Hippocla, but the apical and

upper marginal spot wanting on the anterior wings; on

the hind-wings the two transverse rufous bands are con-

fluent, leaving a broad black margin without any sub-

marginal line.

Beneath: the markings are similar to L. Hippocla,

but rather more diffused.

Expanse 1°8 inch.

Hab.—Dorey, New Guinea (Wall.).

Laocona Hypamta, n. s.

Male. Form of wings nearly as in L. Hippocla, the

outline a little more even.

Above: the markings are nearly as in L. Hippocla, but

the rufous band and markings are all enlarged, and have

a very irregular outline, especially on the anterior wings.

Beneath: quite distinct from L. Hippocla: the ground

colour whitish ochre, veined in a complicated net-work

with deep rusty brown; near the middle of the outer

margin on the upper-wings is an elongate blackish spot

with a blue centre, enclosed on its inner side with a

horseshoe and a lunule of the ground colour; on the outer

margin of the hind-wings is a row of brown spots enclosed

by a double row of lunules on each side, the two central

spots are violet-ash powdered with black, while the lateral

ones consist of a brown ring with a whitish centre.

Expanse 1°9 inch.

Hab.—Java (Wallace).

On the under side this insect is somewhat intermediate

between L. Hippocla and L. Hypselis.

346 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Genus Junonia, Hiibner.

The Eastern species of this genus are often variable.

The common J. Orithyia appears to vary on the islands

from the continental form, the females differing much

more markedly from the males. An extreme form of the

female from the Moluccas is that figured by Vollenhoven

as Junonia Royerit. The following species from the island

of Timor is very distinct.

JUNONIA TIMORENSIS, n. 8.

Outline of J. Aonis, but the anterior wings a little more

sinuate and more prominently dentate.

Male. Above: rich fuscous-brown, the base and outer

margins rufous, a narrow band of three ochre-yellow spots

across the apex of the anterior wings, the markings in

the cell and the submarginal ocelli as in J. Aonis, but much

less distinct; hind-wings with a triple ocellus towards

the outer angle, the middle one large, next to this a small

one, and another of medium size next the anal angle.

Beneath: dark bronzy-brown, the band of four spots

and one nearer the apex white, the ocelli nearly as above,

but more distinct; on the hind-wing these are placed on

a band of a more bronzy colour, beyond which is a pale

ash coloured margin with two narrow dusky lines.

Female. Like the male, but paler, and the white band

across the apex wanting beneath.

Expanse 2°3 to 2°5 inches.

Hab.—Timor (Wallace) .

Genus Cyrestis, Boisduval.

This is one of the most elegant genera of butterflies,

and the species are remarkable for their habit of settlng

frequently on the bare earth and rocks, with the wings

spread out flat, so as fully to display their beautifully

pencilled markings. I obtained seven new species in the

Malay Archipelago, five of which have been already de-

scribed by Felder and Butler. I now offer descriptions

of the other two, one closely allied to C. nivea, and the

other to CO. Paulinus, but sufficiently distinct. This brings

the number of described species to twenty, ranging from

India to New Guinea.

on Hastern Butterflies. 347

Cyrestis Nats, n. s.

Very near C. nivea, but distinguished from it by many

minute differences of form and marking. On the upper

wings the median vein is more abruptly arched beyond

its second branch; on the hind-wings, the outer angle is

more prominent, and the tails are vertical instead of

divergent.

Male. Upper side: the space between the two first

cellular strigze is blue instead of brown, the orange spot

at the outer angle is margined on the inner side with

blue lunules, and the inner marginal streak coincides on

the two wings, forming a regular curved unbroken line,

just within which is a streak of slaty-blue, with a metallic

gloss.

Beneath: the markings are much darker than in C.

nivea, and the ground colour is of a more bluish-pearly

tint; a rufous tinge extends more or less along the mid-

dle of the marginal band on both wings.

Expanse 2°! inch.

Hab.—Timor (Wallace).

The continuous marginal strige on both wings, and

the less divergent tails, at once distinguish this species

from its very close ally C. mivea.

CyrEstis SENECA, 0. 8.

Very near C. Paulinus, compared with a female of which °

the differences are as follows:

Female. Above: the dusky border is much wider,

haying a very narrow oblique white band, which is still

further reduced by a faint dusky line just within it; all

the wings have a very fine submarginal black line, which

is finely edged with white on the anterior wings, while on

the hind-wings it is placed on a narrow white border,

with a dusky edge within the white fringe ; there is an in-

terrupted white lie, very faint on the upper-wings, just

beyond the row of dusky ovate white-ringed spots.

Beneath: the dusky margin is much paler than in C.

Paulinus, the black submarginal line is equally defined

as above, and the two central lunules of the posterior

band are considerably smaller than the others. The tails

are longer than in C. Paulinus.

348 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Notes

Expanse 2°6 inches.

Hab.—Sula Island, Celebes group (Wallace).

A local form of C. Paulinus, but differs in characters

which in that species seem constant in a large number of

specimens.

Genus Partuenos, Hiibner.

This genus consists of three large and handsome but-

terflies of the Malay Archipelago, all tolerably abundant

in the islands they inhabit, but not easy to obtain in fine

condition.

1. P. Gambrisius, Fabr. India, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo

(Wall.).

2. P. Sylvia, Cram. Java, Celebes, Sula Is., Batchian,

Ceram, Ké Islands (Wall.); Pe-

nang (Cantor).

3. P. tigrina, Voll. New Guinea, Mysol, Waigiou

(Wall.).

PARTHENOS TIGRINA.

g. Vollenh. Tijd. Ent. 1866, p. 210, pl. x. fig. 2.

Female. Differs only in having the submarginal lines

and longitudinal stripes faintly mdicated on the black

ground. In one specimen from New Guinea, the pearly

white spots are obsolete, while the markings on the outer

half of the wings are a little more distinct.

Expanse 3°9 inches.

Hab.—New Guinea, Mysol, Waigiou (Wallace).

Genus Eurirus, Doubleday.

EURIPUS ROBUSTUS, N. 8.

Much larger than H. Halitherses, the median tooth of

the hind-wings shorter and more oblique, the anal tooth

wanting.

Male. Above: brown-black, on the anterior wings a

marginal and submarginal row of elongate spots, in pairs,

dusky and indistinct, basal and discal spots arranged as

in L. Halitherses, but less defined. Hind-wings with the

on Hastern Butterflies. 349

basal half white, divided by narrower black veins than in

HL. Halitherses ; a row of very small white spots in pairs

close to the margin, and an inner row of linear spots also

in pairs.

Beneath; dusky, the markings nearly as in H. Hali-

therses, a large elongate blackish patch parallel to the

inner margin of the anterior wings, the spots on and near

which are bluish and violet.

Expanse 3°1 inch.

Hab.—Tondano, N. Celebes (Wallace).

A very distinct species of this curious little genus.

Genus ApaturA, Fabricius.

APATURA MACAR, 0. 8.

Near A. Parisatis, but larger, and the anal angle less

produced.

Male. Above: deep bronzy-brown, paler towards the

margin, which is regularly dentate, the intervals white-

edged ; a brown-black submarginal line, within which

is a row of lunulate markings, more distinct on the

hind-wings, which have an oval black spot, orange-

ringed, near the anal angle; on the anterior wing is a

row of five or six white points parallel to the outer

margin.

Beneath: bronzy-reddish-brown, spots in the discoidal

cells nearly as in A. Parisatis, the median transverse

band pale brown, the anal and submarginal spots as

above, but the third and sixth white points are enclosed

in black spots, the latter the largest.

Female. Dark brown, the outer half paler, more or

less tinged with rusty-orange; an irregular band of

white spots well-defined on the inner edge, begins about

the middle of the costa at the subcostal vein, and form-

ing a broken curve on the anterior wings, passes in a

straight line to about the middle of the abdominal mar-

gin; the other spots and markings are the same as on

the underside of the male.

Beneath, nearly as above, but paler.

Expanse, ¢, 2'4 inches; 9, 2°5 inches.

Hab.—Macassar (Wallace).

! ¢-

be , gRy dian 3

oy AN

XXII. On the Australian species of Tetracha. By Epwin

Brown.

[Read 5th July, 1869.]

Specimens of the Australian species of the genus T'’etra-

cha have hitherto been very rare in European collections.

Baron Chaudoir in his “Catalogue de la Collection de

Cicindélétes,” published in 1865, only mentions one

species which he possessed from Australia. A recent

importation, however, of specimens, has afforded me the

opportunity of examining several species, which were

previously unknown in this country. Gemminger and

Harold, in Vol. i of their ‘ Catalogus Coleopterorum,”

issued in 1868, notice the following species of Tetracha

as from Australia.

Australasie, Hope . : Port Essington.

australis, Chaud. ‘ : Nov. Holl.

basalis, McLeay : Port Denison.

Bostockit, Castel. é , Noy. Holl.

erucigera, McLeay . . Port Denison.

Hopei, Castel. . : ; Nov. Holl.

humeralis, McLeay . : Port Denison.

scapularis, McLeay . : Port Denison.

Waterhouset, Castel. . E Nov. Holl.

McLeay remarks that of these species, 7. humeralis,

scapularis, erucigera, and Australasie, resemble each

other in being more or less margined with yellow. To

this group may also be added, as they are margined in

like manner, 17’. Hopei and Bostockii, and probably also

T. basalis, but of the last-mentioned species I have not

yet seen the description.

The species mentioned in the paragraph, as above,

will, therefore, stand as follows :—

Section I. Hlytra margined with yellow.

Tetracha humeralis, ‘ : McLeay.

T. Hopet, : : : : Castel.

T. scapularis, 5 : ; McLeay.

T. Bostockia, : : 3 Castel.

T’. crucigera, . ; : McLeay.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869.—PaRT IV. (AUGUST).

352 Mr. E. Brown on Australian

The identity of Australasie, of Hope, has still to be

ascertained, as, apparently, specimens do not exist under

that name in Australia. Count de Castelnau suggests

that Australasice, of Hope, is identical with crucigera, of

McLeay; but he remarks that the insect figured by

White under the name Australasie, in the Voyage of the

‘ Beagle,’ is certainly the hwmeralis of McLeay. Unfor-

tunately, Hope’s description of Australasie is so imper-

fect, that the question cannot be decided from that alone.

The specimens under the name of Australasia in the

British Museum, are, I believe, from recollection, iden-

tical with humeralis. An examination of the original

Hopeian specimen, now at Oxford, is requisite to set the

matter at rest. The name, however, had better be drop-

ped altogether.

Of the Australian species of Tetracha, mentioned by

Gemminger and Harold, there remain the australis, of

Chaudoir, and Waterhousei, of Castelnau, neither of

which is margined with yellow; but these are undoubt-

edly two names for one and the same species; and as

Baron Chaudoir’s name has priority of date, it must be

used in preference to the other. The second section

will stand thus :—

Section II. Hlytra tipped, but not margined, with

yellow.

Tetracha australis, Chaud.= Waterhousei, Castel.

The recorded species are consequently reduced to

seven. I have now, however, to mention an eighth, and

new species, said to be from Champion Bay, in Western

Australia, of which I possess two male specimens.

The characters are as follow :—

Section III. Hlytra wholly green.

Tetracha pulchra, n. sp.

¢. Length 7-8 lines; breadth of elytra 3 lines.

In shape, more cylindrical than any of the other Aus-

tralian species with which I am acquainted.

Hlytra brilliant golden-green, the sutures metallic blue ;

coarsely punctured at the base, the punctures gradually

Species of Tetracha. 353

reduced in size until near the apex, where they become

obsolete; the usual subapical line of pits well defined.

Thorax wholly golden-green, with blue and purple re-

flections on the disc and sides. Head the same in colour.

The abdomen has the basal segments green, the apical

seoment yellow at the tip, pitchy at the base, the second,

third, and fourth from the apex, pitchy, the last mentioned

green at the sides. Legs: thighs chesnut brown; tibize

and tarsi obscure yellow, with the tips of all the joints

stained with brown. Antenne yellow. Jaws long and

powerful, yellow; teeth black.

I may remark that all the Australian species of Tetra-

cha have a peculiar facies, which at once distinguishes

them from the species from America. They are broader,

and more robust insects; and they all possess a well de-

fined longitudinal subsutural line of pits, situate at about

one-fourth of the width of the elytron from the suture,

curving outwardly as it approaches the apex. This line

of pits does not exist at all in those American species

which I possess, or if there be any trace of it, it is only

in very close proximity to the suture. The Old World

species 7’. quadrisignata and euphratica, both possess the

line of pits above mentioned, and they further agree in

shape with their Australian relations. Sooner or later the

Old World species must be arranged in a genus by them-

selves, throwing 7’. Boccandei into the genus Megacephala,

to which it more properly belongs. The generic limits

will then accord with geographical habitats, as ought

always to be the case where nature will permit.

( 355.)

XXII. On the Diurnal Lepidoptera described in Gmelin’ s

Edition of the Systema Nature. By W.F.

Kirsy.

[Read .lst November, 1869.]

Gmein’s edition of Linneus’ Systema Nature contains a

considerable number of new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera,

most of which were previously described at greater length

(but without names) by Zschach, in the Entomological

portion of the Musewm Leskeanum. These names and

descriptions are never quoted, and therefore it may not

be useless to give full descriptions of all such species as

have not yet been satisfactorily identified, and indications

of the others. The remains of Leske’s collection are in

the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society, but the greater

number of the specimens have succumbed to the ravages

of time and neglect. Nevertheless I have succeeded in

recovering several of the types, most of which I have

been able to identify, with the kind assistance of Mr.

Hewitson. A few of the more obscure or damaged types

I had not time to work out when in the neighbourhood

of London; and one or two types which I had overlooked

-were detected after my return to Dublin. These latter,

however, are of slight importance. Most of the types

are numbered, and are therefore certain; but a few were

incorrectly numbered, or not marked at all; wherever

the smallest doubt about a type exists, it is indicated i in

the following pages.

Our collection is not sufficiently large for me to attempt

to identify those species of which no types exist; but I

‘quote Gmelin’s names and Zschach’s descriptions in full,

hoping that if publicity is given to them, others may be

enabled to do so. Unfortunately Zschach gives no local-

ities, simply noting ‘“europzeus” or. “ exoticus,” which

will increase the difficulty of applying his descriptions.

- It will be seen that in most cases Gmelin’s names are

‘merely synonyms, but in some instances they have

priority, and a full claim to be restored.

I take the species in the order in which they « occur in

Gmelin, and where they have been satisfactorily identified,

the names by which they will henceforth, in accordance

with the law of priority, be known, are printed i in capitals,

and referred to the modern genera.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART Vv. (DECEMBER.) 25

306 Mr. W. F. Kirby on

The references for Gmelin are to Linn. Syst. Nat. I. v.

(ed. 13; 1788-1791): for Zschach to ‘‘ Musei Leskeani

Pars Entomologica,” (Leipsic; 1788; three coloured

plates)

PAPILIO.

* EKQuitEs.

tt Achivi.

1. P. Argyrios, Gmel. p. 2248.

P. H. A. alis dentatis, supra nigris, anticis fasciis dua-

bus argenteis, postica nebulosa, subtus cceruleo-argenteis

fasciis duabus, apice margineque postico unitis, fuscis,

striz transverse, cceruleo-argentez versus basin, utrinque

ad marginem crassiorem, alis posticis dentatis, dente in-

termedio reliquis longiore, supra fascia latiori argentea,

maculisque 7 cceruleo-argenteis, lineola transversa inter-

ruptis ad marginem posticum; subtus cceruleo-argentez,

in medio maculis tribus transversis eneis, unaque remota

ad marginem internum, fasciisque duabus nigris, prima

undata, altera dentata, margineque postico nigro, albo

maculato, inter fasciam posticam et marginem maculz

ceeruleo-argentee, anticis lineolis nigris interrupt, macu-

le tres dentate, nigra, ad marginem internum versus

angulum ani; abdomen subtus luteum. Hzoticus,

(Zschach, p. 87, n. 6.)

* * HELICONII.

2. P. Sectator, Gmel. p. 2250.

P. alis primoribus supra fuscis, fascia dilatiore trans-

versa, posterioribus nigris, posterius albo czruleoque

punctatis.

Meerb. Afb. t. 10.

Habitat —— (Gmel.)

A reference to Meerburgh (Afbeeldingen van zeld-

zaame gewassen ; Leyden; 1775) would ee ic fix this

species,

* * * ~PARNASSII.

3. P. hyalinus, Gmel. p. 2259.

P. Par. alis rotundatis, posticis caudatis, fusco-hyalinis,

anticis fascia lineari, obsoleta, subtus alba; posticis supra

Diwenal Lepidoptera. 357

basi ccerulescente, stria undata, nigra, terminata ocellis

duobus nigris, pupilla alba, adjacente utrinque macula

alba, aliisque dispersis circiter 15 albis, cceruleo-insiden-

tibus; subtus fascia dimidia, annexa circulo macularum

6 albarum, punctulisque duobus; ocelli duo vividiores,

antico majore. Hxoticus. (Zschach, p. 88, n. 26.)

Probably a species of Hetera, or of one of the allied

genera.

* * OK * DANat.

t Candidi.

4, Pruris Issz.

Papilio Isse, Cram. Pap. Ex. pl. 55, H. F. (1779),

pl. 339, C. D. (1782).

Papilio bicolor, Gmel. .p. 2261=Pap. No. 31,

Zschach, p. 88,

5. PrmRis DISCORS.

Papilio discors, Gmel. p. 2261=Pap. No. 82,

Zschach, p. 88.

Papilio Plexaris, Donov. Ins. N. Holl. (1805).

Cathemia Anthyparete, Hiibn. Verz. p. 92 (1816).

Pieris Philyra, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 159 (1819).

6. Pieris Dorimene.

Papilio Dorimene, Cram. Pap. Ex. pl. 387, C. D.

(1782).

Papilio fuliginosus, Gmel. p. 2261= Pap. No. 34,

Zschach, p. 88. —

7. Papilio chrysopterus, Gmel. p, 2261.

~P. D. C. alis rotundatis, utrinque flavis, anticis mar-

gine antico, postico latius nigris, intus smuato; posticis

margine postico nigris, subtus omnibus totis flavis.

Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 89, n. 35.)

Almost certainly a species of Terias ; but impossible to

identify by the description.

252

358 Mr Ww. Fs es on

+ + Festivi.

7. Hurpt@a PHmNareEta.

Papilio Phenareta, Schaller, Naturf. xxi. 177,

pl. v (1785).

Papilio afinis, Gmel. p. 2289= Pow No. 46,

Zschach, p. 89.

Tipe Alea, Hiibn. Verz. p. 16 (1816).

Danais Prothoe, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 177 (1819).

The type of Zschach, No. 46, is evidently the Prothoe

of Godart; but Gmelin’s name affinis cannot stand, as

Mr. Butler and I have independently discovered that the

Phenareta of Schaller is identical with Prothoe, and Schal-

ler’s description was prior to Gmelin’s.

8. Danaus Limntace.

Papilio Limniace, Cram. Pap. Ex. pl. 59, D. E.

(1779).

Papilio ewoticus, Gmel. p. 2289= Pap. No. 46b,

Zschach, p. 89.

9. Papilio claviger, Gmel. p. 2289.

P. D. F. alis subintegris, fuscis, maculis punctisque

albis, hyalinis, basi anticis longis, posticis radiatis, cla-

vatis, marginibus posticis duplici serie punctorum alborum,

subtus concolores. LHwoticus. (Zschach, p. 89, n. 46c.)

The apparent type of this insect is very similar to, but

not quite identical with, our specimen of Danaus Juventa,

Cram.

10. Drusttta’ URanta.

Papilio Urania, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 225

(1764).

Papilio marinus (misprint for murinus), Gmel.

The type agrees with the figure (Papilio Jairus) in

Donovan’s Insects of China.

11. Evera@a LEvcostictos.

Papilio leucostictos, Gmel. p. 2289=Pap. No.

48, Zschach, p. 90.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. 309

LTimnas mutabilis Nemertes, Hiibn. Samml. Ex.

Schmett. i. (1806-1816).

Danais Eunice, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 177

(1819).

12. Papilio hexophthalmos, Gmel. p. 2289,

D);. ¥.. alis subcaudatis, integerrimis, basi fulvis,

anticis margine antico, preter basin, posticoque late

nigro, maculis duabus fulvis, arcuque 5 punctorum albo-

rum, subtus cinereo griseoque varie, striga transversa,

fusca, antice dentata, serieque punctorum, quorum sex

ocelli obsoleti, alis posticis margine postico late nigris,

‘ad angulum ani cauda brevi instructis, subtus striga

fusca, et utrinque ocellis duobus nictitantibus. Hzoticus.

(Zschach, p. 90, n. 49.)

This belongs to the genus Doleschallia, of Felder, and

Mr. Hewitson thinks that it may possibly be a female

variety of D. Bisaltide (Papilio Bisaltide, Cram. pl. 102,

C. D.) ; but it is much larger than the ordinary form of

that species.

13, SIDERONE STRIGOSA.

Papilio strigosus, Gmel. p. 2290= Pap. No. 55,

Zschach, p. 90.

Siderone Zethus, Westw. in Dbl. & Hew. Gen.

Di. Lep. p. 321, note (1850).

* * KKK 6 YMPHALES.

¢ Gemmaiti.

14. Drapema Panparvs.

Papilio Pandarus, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 198

(1764).

2 Papilio lacteolus, Gmel. p- 2290= Pap. No.

58b, Zschach, p. 90.

15. Papilio bifasciatus, Gmel. p. 2290.

N.G. alis angulatis, fuscis, subtus cinereis, strigis

duabus communibus, fuscis, fasciaque lata, cinerea, com-

muni, postice dentata, in qua series ocellorum fundo

fusco, priorum 5 intermediis majoribus, posticarum sex,

pupilla alba, iride lutea. Hwoticus. (Zschach, p. 91, n. 59).

360 Mr, W. F. Karby on

One of the Satyrince. A fragment of one of the types

is still in existence; but I have not yet succeeded in

identifying it.

+t Phalerati.

16. Papilio Sulpitia, Gmel. p. 2336.

N. P. alis dentatis, concoloribus, atris, subtus

fuscis, anticis disco punctulis duobus albis, uno pone

alterum, pone discum duo paria macularum albidarum,

punctaque 7 ad marginem posticum, subtus basi linea

alba, bis interrupta, ad marginem posticum series gemina

lunularum albarum ; alee postice fascia e maculis 7 albis

punctulisque tribus, postice versus marginem anticum,

subtus eadem fascia serieque triplici lunularum albarum

ad marginem posticum, Hwoticus. (Zschach, p. 92,

n. 88.)

17. Papilio Vidua, Gmel. p. 2336.

N. P. alis dentatis, nigris, anticis macula magna,

ovata, oblique posita, ad apicem minore alba, pellucida,

subtus basi lutez, punctis tribus albis, ad marginem

anticum, margo posticus bis lunulatus ; alis posticis disco

albo, pellucido, lunula rufa, tribusque cceruleis ad angu-

lum ani, subtus basi luteo-fuscis, puncto nigro, in medio

fascia lata, alba, lunula nigra, ad marginem anticum dein

fascia lutea, punctis ferrugineis, margo posticus coeruleus,

striis duabus nigris, undulatis, extrema albo-sinuata.

Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 92, n. 89.)

* * kK * & Prppyst,

tf Rurales.

18. Papilio Barbarus, Gmel. p. 2352.

P. alis ecaudatis ceerulescentibus, subtus undique fusco

maculatis ; ocellis posterioribus duobus.

Habitat Algirize, Argiolo minor. (Gmel.)

A species of Polyommatus, which the locality will

perhaps aid in identifying.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. 361

19. Papilio annulatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alis caudatis, ccerulescentibus, anticis ma-

cula fusca, annulo cceruleo, margineque postico fusco,

posticis margine antico, subtus cinerascentibus, lineis

tribus transversis, undatis, albis ad marginem posticum,

punctoque ani gemino, fulvo, disco nigro. Hzoticus.

(Zschach, p.93, n. 123.)

A species of Thecla. The type has not yet been iden-

tified.

20. Papilio oculatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alis ecaudatis, supra fuscis, disco cceruleis,

maculis obsoletis, atris, subtus fusco-canis, punctis ocel-

laribus, disco lunula, area primoribus 5-6, posticis 8, ad.

basin unico, marginalibus 6 plerumque obsoletis. Hwro-

peus. (Zschach, p. 93, n. 131.)

21. Papilio lunulatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alis ecaudatis, fuscis, disco ccerulescentibus,

obsolete maculatis, subtus fusco-cinereis, disco lunula

arcuque punctorum ocellarium, priorum 5, posticarum 7,

Huropeus. (Zschach, p. 93, n. 1382.)

If the expressions “ maculis obsoletis” and “ obsolete

maculatis,’ occurring in this and the preceding descrip-

tion, may be considered to indicate that these two species

belong to the Arion group, their identification will be easy ;

otherwise I fear we can hardly expect to recognize them

among the mass of European species of Polyommatus,

+t ft Urbicole,

22. Papilio Hthiops, Gmel. p. 2360,

P. U. alis integris atris, prioribus supra fasciis tri-

bus fenestratis albis, maculisque cceruleis, ad angulum

posticum, posticis basi striis duabus longitudinalibus,

pallidis, strigaque transversa 5 punctorum cceruleorum,

sinus externus internusque apicis albi, subtus basi fascize

duz transverse, pallide, antica communi, dein due

ceeruleze, sinus albide; collare punctis 4 albis, thorax

fasciis 4 longitudinalibus, internis cceruleis, externis palli-

dis; abdomen nigro luteoque annulatum, linea dorsali

nigra. Hwoticus. (Zschach, p. 94, n. 154.)

362 Mr. W. F. Kirby on Diurnal Lepidoptera.

A species unknown to Mr. Hewitson. The type

having lost its antennee, the genus cannot be ascertained

from it with absolute certainty; probably it is a

Pyrrhopyga.

23. Papilio bipunctatus, Gmel. p. 2360.

P. U. alis integris, fuscis, anticis utrinque fascia

obliqua, argentea, punctisque duobus minimis ad mar-

ginem anticum, posticis subtus basi fascia striaque lutes-

cente. Hwoticus. (Zschach, p. 94, n. 160.)

The type of this species is in existence, and I hope to

be able to verify it.

24. Papilio fenestratus, Gmel. p. 2360.

P. U. alis integris, fusco-luteis, disco punctis fenes-

tratis tribus, versus apicem ad marginem anticum tribus

minoribus. LHwoticus. (Zschach, p. 95, n. 161.)

The type of this is so broken that there is but Tite

chance of verifying the species.

Zschach quotes Linnzeus and Fabricius, but not Cramer

or any other authors; in fact, he would seem to have

been quite unacquainted with Cramer’s work, as it will

be noticed that he redescribes several species figured in

Pap. Exot.

I may add that Leske’s collection was purchased for

the Royal Dublin Society at the end of last century. The

Lepidoptera Heterocera are all destroyed or seem unrecog-

nizabie. There are, however, a good many Coleoptera,

&c., still in existence. .

( 363 )

RXIV. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hispi-

dz; ‘with notes on some previously described

ey a eer ll

species.

By J. S. Baty, F.L.S.

[Read 15th November, 1869.]

List of new species.

Leptispa Godwint

Callispa proxima

- brevicornis

aS Brettinghams

Rs tarsata

». Mouhoti

Cephaloleia approximata

a laticollis

35 Amazona

Fe dimidiaticornis

¥ nigriceps

Bs truncatipenms .

fe cognata

os apicicornis

flavipennis

ise cdenbs elegantula

Promecotheca Reichii

Botryonopa cyanoptera

a imperialis

Estigmena terminalis

Downesia atrata

ie tarsata

Aspidispa (nu. g.) tibialis

Gonophora nigriceps .

Ss apteipennis

Cheridiona (nu. g.) metallica

a picea

Shanghai.

Siam.

Penang.

India.

Cambodia.

Upper Amazons.

Peru.

Upper Amazons.

Peru.

Upper Amazons.

Bahia.

Rio Janeiro.

Ecuador.

Amboyna.

Vavao.

Borneo.

Philippine Isles.

Tondano.

India.

Hongkong.

Gilolo.

Penang.

Ceylon.

India.

Nore. The numbers appended to the insects described

in the present paper, refer to the “ Catalogue of Hispide,”

and indicate the position that the species now described

ought to take in relation to those contained in that work.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT Vv.

(DECEMBER.) —

364 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

Genus Leprispa, Baly.

(Sp. 5.) Leptispa Godwini.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, thorace sub-

quadrato, disco utrinque excavato, ad latera confertim,

dorso remote, foveolato-punctato, punctis irregulariter

congregatis et minoribus interspersis; elytris thorace

vix latioribus, parallelis, paullo ante apicem angus-

tatis, apice ipso rotundato, sat fortiter punctato-striatis,

stris leviter sulcatis, interspatiis nonnullis ad latera

costatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Shanghai.

Antenne equal in length to the head and thorax,

moderately robust, very slightly thickened towards the

apex. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely broader than long,

sides straight and parallel from the base to beyond the

middle, thence rounded and converging to the apex;

above transversely convex, irregularly but not very closely

punctured. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,

sides parallel, apical border dilated, slightly reflexed.

The species above described agrees closely in size and

form with Leptispa abdominalis ; it may be known by its

much coarser punctuation, and its entirely black colour,

Genus Cauispa, Baly.

(Sp. 2a.) Callispa proxima,

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, supra

nigro-ceerulea, pedibus nigro-piceis, tarsis fulvis; thorace

disco subremote et tenuiter punctato, ad latera subcrebre

varioloso, lateribus a basi ad apicem rotundato-angustatis ;

elytris antice sat profunde, postice minus fortiter punc-

tato-striatis, striis ad apicem sulcatis, mterspatius ad

latera convexiusculis; fronte antrorsum angulato-producta.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Siam, Mountains of Laos; collected by the late

M. Mouhot.

This species stands very close to Callispa Bowringit ;

its antenne are rather more slender, their first and third

joints being also shorter with relation to the second ; the

sides of the thorax are more regularly rounded; and

lastly, the colour of the surface of the body is much more

obscure, the blue being strongly tinged with black.

and Species of Hispide. 365

(Sp. 2b.) Callispa brevicornis.

Anguste oblonga, fere parallela, subdepressa, nigra,

nitida, abdomine fulvo, supra metallico-czrulea; thorace

lateribus a basi ultra medium oblique convergentibus, hinc

ad apicem rotundato-angustatis, dorso transversim con-

vexo, disco distincte, ad latera variolose punctato ; elytris

ante medium minus fortiter, pone medium subtenuiter

punctato-striatis, striis ad apicem vix sulcatis, margine

laterali confuse punctato; fronte obtusa, antrorsum non

producta; antennis brevibus.

Long. 23 lin.

Hab.—Penang.

Very similar in colour and punctuation to Callispa

Bowringii, but the legs are entirely black ; it may be easily

known by the short antennz, which do not exceed the

head and thorax im length; the sides of the thorax are

also rather less rounded; in other respects it is almost

entirely similar.

(Sp. 5a.) Callispa Brettinghami.

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, rufo-testacea, nitida,

‘antennis nigris; thorace ad latera foveolato-punctato ;

elytris cyaneis, profunde punctato-striatis, striis apicem

versus et ad latera sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera con-

vexiusculis; fronte antrorsum angulato-producta.

Long. 33 lin,

Hab.—India ; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Antenne about one-third the length of the body, taper-

ing from base to apex, third joint distinctly longer than the

first two united; three lower joints sometimes obscure

rufous; frontal projection acute. Thorax twice as broad at

the base as long, sides straight and slightly converg-

ing from the base to the middle, thence broadly rounded

and converging to the apex; upper surface broadly ex-

cavated on either side, coarsely variolose-punctate, disc

less closely and less strongly punctured ; scutellum trans-

verse, its apex obtuse; elytra scarcely broader than the

thorax, oblong, obtusely rounded at the apex, deep

metallic blue with a purplish reflection, frequently stained

at the base with rufous.

366 Mr. J. 8S. Baly on New Genera

(Sp. 5b.) Callispa tarsata.

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, sanguinea, nitida, an-

tennis nigris, tarsis fuscis; thorace utrinque ad latera

late excavato, varioloso-punctato, punctis disci medio

minoribus, sparse hic illic congregatis, lateribus a basi

longe ultra medium rectis; elytris sat profunde punctato-

striatis, punctis apicem versus minus fortiter impressis,

striis ad apicem sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera convexius-

culis; fronte antice truncata, medio in cretam brevem

abrupte producta. .

Long 33 lin.

Hab.—India; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Very nearly allied to Callispa Brettinghami, of which

species I at first considered it a variety; but on closer

examination, I find it differs in the following structural

characters; third joint of the antennz not longer than the

first two united; front obtuse, abruptly produced im the

middle into a short longitudinal ridge, which runs down-

wards on the face; sides of the thorax straight from the

base to far beyond the middle, thence abruptly narrowed

and rounded to the apex; scutellum not broader than

long, pentagonal. It is possible that, coming from the

same locality, it may be the ¢ of C. Bretiinghami, but

not knowing the sexual characters of the present genus

and the tarsi being equally broad in both forms, I am,

for the present, obliged to consider it distinct.

(Sp. 5c.) Callispa Mouhots.

Subelongata, subdepressa, parallela, rufo-fulva, nitida,

antennis rufo-fuscis; thorace utrinque ad latera depresso,

disco remote et tenuiter, lateribus variolose punctato,

lateribus a basi vix ultra medium rectis, hinc ad apicem

rotundato-angustatis; elytris rufo-fuscis, ceeruleo-nitenti-

bus, antice sat profunde, postice minus fortiter puncta-

to-striatis, striis ad apicem sulcatis, interspatis ad latera

leviter convexiusculis; fronte obtuse angulata.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Cambodia; collected by the late M. Mouhot.

Closely allied to the two preceding ; the third joint of the

antenne not longer than the two basal joints united ;

front produced into an obtuse angle; thorax less coarsely

and Species of Hispide. 367

punctured ; intermediate in form between the two species,

the sides being straighter than in C. Brettinghami, but

more broadly rounded in front than in C. tarsata; elytra

less coarsely punctured than in either species; scutellum

scarcely longer than broad, pentagonal.

Genus Aturnus, Fabr.

Alurnus Batesti, Baly.

_ A specimen of this beautiful species, until now unique

in the collection of Mr. Bates, has been brought to this

country from Ecuador by Mr. Buckley; it is now in my

cabinet.

Alurnus Saundersii, Baly.

A single specimen of this insect was also taken by Mr.

Buckley ; it differs from the type in wanting the narrow

black border at the apical margin of the elytra.

Alurnus Cupido, Thomson.

Since the publication of my “ Catalogue of Hispide,”

I have seen many specimens of this insect; they all

agree both in the persistence of the strong coloration of

the elytra, and also in having these latter relatively

shorter and broader than in A. bipunctatus, under which

species I had placed Cupido as a variety ; I have now no

hesitation in considering it a good species. I have re-

ceived a specimen, agreeing in all respects with those

from the Amazons, collected at Bahia by Mr. Reed.

Alurnus Cassideus, Westwood.

_ Several specimens of this species have been received

from the Upper Amazons (Pebas); Prof. Westwood gives

‘Mexico as the locality of his insect. The black markings

on the elytra appear to vary considerably.

Genus CrepHaLoLerA, Blanch.

(Sp. 7a.) Oephaloleia approaimata.

Elongata, subdepressa, flavo-fulva, nitida, oculis an-

tennisque (his basi excepta) nigris ; thorace subcrebre

368 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

punctato, lateribus a basi paullo ultra medium rectis,

parallelis; elytris thorace paullo latioribus, parallelis,

apice rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, stris apicem

versus leviter sulcatis, interspatis ad latera leviter con-

vexiusculis, punctis ad apicem fere deletis.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali apice isin

pygidii apice obtuse angulato.

Long. 23 lin.

Hab.—Upper Amazons.

Antenne rather longer than the head and thorax,

moderately robust, seven upper joints black, the apices

of the third and fourth also remotely edged with the

same colour; second joint equal in length to the third.

Thorax about one-fifth broader than long, sides straight

and parallel from their base to a short distance beyond

the middle, thence rounded and converging to the. apex ;

upper surface transversely convex, sides distinctly but

narrowly reflexed, disc remotely, sides and base more

closely impressed with distinct round punctures. LHlytra

broader than the thorax, parallel, finely but distinctly

punctate-striate, the striz on the sides and hinder half

of the elytra slightly sulcate.

C. Salléc is the only previously described species with

which the present insect can be confounded; it may be

however at once known by the shorter third joint of

the antennz, the somewhat narrow and more closely

punctured thorax, and by the more finely punctured

elytra; in C. Sallei the elytra are much more strongly

punctured, the punctures being of equal size, and equally

impressed over the whole surface of the elytra.

(Sp. 9a.) Cephaloleia laticollis.

Oblonga, parallela, depressa, rufo-fulva, nitida; an-

tennis apice, oculisque nigris, antennarum articulo se-

cundo distincte tertio breviori; thorace elytris zquilato,

lateribus rectis, angulis anticis fere rectis, acutis, disco

remote, lateribus subcrebre punctato; elytris tenuiter

punctato-striatis, interspatiis tenuissime punctatis.

Mas.: abdominis segmento anali medio modice rotun-

dato-emarginato.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali apice leviter bisinuato.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Upper Amazons, Peru.

and Species of Hispide. 369

Very closely allied to Oephaloleia dilaticollis, the 3

being very difficult to separate from the 3 of that

Species; it may, however, be known by its somewhat

narrower and slightly less depressed form, by the more

closely and distinctly punctured sides of the thorax, and

by the more distinctly rounded apices of the elytra; the

anal segment is also rather less deeply, but at the same

time more broadly, rotundate-emarginate ; the ¢ may be

at once separated by the bisinuate apex of the anal seg-

ment of the abdomen. In both sexes the second joint of

the antenne is distinctly shorter, taken in relation to

the third joint, than in C. dilaticollis.

(Sp. 9b.) Cephaloleia Amazona.

Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, ab-

domine obscure fulvo- aut nigro-piceo ; thorace rufo-fulvo,

elytris fere aquilato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis

rectangulis; elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, punctis

apicem versus fere deletis.

Mas: abdominis segmento anali late subangulato-

emarginato.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali bisinuato.

Long. 24-3 ln,

Hab.—Upper Amazons,

Antenne less than half the length of the body, entirely

black, basal joint slightly thickened, rather longer than

the second. Thorax very similar in form to that of

C. laticollis, nearly equal in width to the elytra, sides

straight and slightly diverging along their hinder two-

thirds, thence also straight but slightly converging to

the anterior angles, the latter rectangular; the middle

portion of the anterior margin distinctly produced ; upper

surface transversely convex, concave on the sides, lateral

margin reflexed; surface impressed with distinct round

punctures. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,

parallel, obtusely rounded at the apex, finely punctate-

striate, the whole surface very finely and irregularly

wrinkled.

The greater length of body, and entirely different

coloration, will distinguish this insect from either dilati-

collis or laticollis, the only two known species of the genus

with which it agrees in form of thorax,

370 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

(Sp. lla.) Cephaloleia dimidiaticornis.

Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, rufo-fulva, nitida, an-

tennis extrorsum nigris; thorace longitudine paullo la-

tiori, lateribus parallelis, disco remote, ad latera subre-

mote punctato ; elytris thorace latioribus, parallelis, apice

conjunctim rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, strus ad

apicem fere deletis.

Mas: abdominis segmento anali late sed leviter emar-

ginato, medio sinuato.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali late sed leviter emar-

ginato.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Peru.

Antenne half the length of the body, five upper joints

black, third joint distinctly longer than the second.

Thorax about a fifth part broader than long, sides nar-

rowly but strongly reflexed, straight and parallel, the

‘extreme apex quickly rounded and converging, the an-

terior angles obtuse ; above transversely convex, distinctly

punctured, the puncturing distant on the disc, rather

more crowded at the sides. Hlytra parallel, conjointly

rounded at the apex, finely but distinctly punctate-striate,

the punctures nearly obsolete towards the apex of the

elytra.

The smaller size and narrower form will distinguish

this species from its allies CO. nigricornis and prowima.

(Sp. 1lb.) Cephaloleia nigriceps.

Hlongata, subparallela, subdepressa, rufo-fulva, nitida,

capite nigro; thorace longitudine vix latiori, ad latera

subcrebre, disco remote punctato; elytris parallelis, apice

rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis.

Mas: abdominis segmento anali late Se eS emar-

ginato, medio sinuato.

Long. 23 lin.

Hab.—Peru. .

Head and antennz black, the latter moderately robust,

nearly half the length of the body, the third joint very

slightly longer than the second. Thorax rather broader

than long, sides slightly diverging forwards, straight

from the base nearly to the apex, thence quickly rounded

and Species of Hispide. 371

and converging to the anterior angles, the latter ob-

tuse; upper surface transversely convex, sub-variolose-

punctate on the sides, more finely and remotely punctured

on the disc, a central space on the latter nearly free from

punctures ; lateral border reflexed. Elytra broader than

the thorax, narrowly sub-ovate, their apices conjointly

rounded, above finely punctate-striate, the puncturmg

near the apex nearly obsolete, interspaces flat; on the

outer disc below the shoulder is a broad but ill-defined

longitudinal groove. Knees indistinctly staimed with

piceous.

CO. nigriceps may be at once known, from all similarly

coloured species, by its black head.

(Sp. lle.) Cephaloleia truncatipennis.

Elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, rufo-fulva, nitida,

antennis (basi excepti) nigris; thorace transverso, re-

mote et subtenuiter punctato; elytris thorace paullo la-

tioribus, fere parallelis, apice truncatis, dorso depressis,

tenuiter punctato-striatis.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali obtuse truncato.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Upper Amazons: collected by Mr. Bates.

Antenne rather more than a third the length of the

body, black, the first three joints rufo-fulvous, third joint

shghtly longer than the second. Thorax distinctly trans-

verse, sides strongly reflexed, straight and slightly con-

verging from the base nearly to the apex, thence quickly

rounded and converging to the anterior angles, the latter

obtuse; above transversely convex, excavated on the

sides just within the reflexed lateral border; remotely but

distinctly punctate, the punctures rather closer at the base

and sides. Hlytra broader than the thorax, sides sub-

parallel, obliquely rounded and converging near the apex,

the latter broadly truncate; upper surface broadly flat-

tened along the suture, sides obliquely excavated below

the humeral callus; finely punctate-striate, punctures

entirely obsolete near the apex of the elytra; the middle

third of the outer disc impressed near the outer border

with a broad ill-defined longitudinal fossa.

The truncate apices of the elytra, together with the

obtuse anal segment in the ¢ (the only sex known to me),

without difficulty separate this species from its congeners.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—ParT Vv. (DECEMBER.) 2F

372 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

(Sp. 11d.) Oephaloleia cognata.

Elongata, depressa, pallide fulva, nitida, antennis (basi

excepta) nigris; thorace subquadrato, remote punctato,

lateribus rectis ; elytris thorace latioribus, parallelis, apice

obtuse rotundatis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, punctis

apicem versus minus fortiter impressis, interspatis planis,

iis ad latera obsolete convexis, uno infra callum humerale

costato. A

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali apice bisinuato.

Long. 24-3 lines.

Hab.—Bahia.

Antenne half the length of the body, basal joint nearly

as long as the second and third united, the third half as

long again as the second, the two lower joints rufous, the

following two nigro-piceous, the rest entirely black.

Thorax scarcely broader than long, sides straight and

parallel, rounded and converging at the extreme apex;

disc transversely convex, remotely impressed with round

punctures, sides narrowly but strongly margined, re-

flexed. Hlytra broader than the thorax, parallel, obtusely

rounded at the apex, rather more broadly margined than

in the allied species; upper surface slightly flattened at

the extreme base between the shoulders; sides oblique

and excavated below the humeral callus; distinctly punc-

tate-striate in front, the punctures smaller and less strong-

ly impressed behind the middle; interspaces on the inner

disc plane, those near the outer border slightly convex,

the interspace below the humeral callus distinctly costate

for nearly half its length; fourth and fifth strize from the

outer border rather deeply impressed along their middle

third.

(Sp. lle.) Cephaloleta apicicornis.

_ Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, sordide flava, sub-

nitida, subtus nitida; antennis apice oculisque nigris;

thorace longitudine distincte latiori, lateribus rectis,

dorso hic illic punctis rotundatis fortiter impresso ;

elytris thorace latioribus, parallelis, apice rotundatis,

dorso prope suturam complanatis, punctato-striatis,

punctis apicem versus minus distincte impressis, inter-

spatiis ad latera convexiusculis.

and Species of Hispide. 373

Mas: abdominis segmento anali apice concayvo-emar-

ginato.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali apice late sed le-

viter emarginato, bisinuato.

Long. 24 lin.

Hub.—Rio Janeiro, New Friburg.

Antenne half the length of the body, slender, basal

joint moderately thickened, more than half as long again

as the second, three upper joints black. Thorax slightly

broader than long, sides straight and parallel, rounded

at the extreme apex, anterior angles slightly produced,

obtuse; upper surface transversely convex, lateral mar-

gin strongly reflexed; surface impressed with deep

round punctures. Hlytra broader than the thorax,

parallel, conjointly rounded at the apex; upper sur-

face flattened along the suture, sides obliquely exca-

vated below ‘the humeral callus, causing it to appear

laterally prominent; distinctly punctate-striate, the

punctures near the apex less strongly impressed ; inter-

spaces near the lateral margin indistinctly convex, the

third from the outer border more strongly raised than

the rest.

C. apicicornis is very closely allied to C. cognata, but

may be known by the much paler colour and more closely

punctured thorax; from C. nigricornis, Fabr., both

species are separated by the different emargination of

the anal segment.

(Sp. 18a.) Cephaloleia flavipennis.

Elongata, parallela, nigra, nitida; thorace transverso,

fortiter punctato; elytris flavis, thorace latioribus, fere

parallelis, apice obtusis, distincte punctato- striatis,

punctis piceis.

Fem.: abdominis segmento anali apice truncato.

Long. 3} lin.

Hab.—Kcuador ; collected by Mr. Buckley.

Antennz moderately robust, scarcely half the length

of the body, basal joint moderately thickened, about a

third part longer than the second. Thorax one-fifth

broader than long, sides straight and , parallel, rounded

and converging at the apex; upper surface transversely

convex, deeply but not very closely punctured on the

374 Mr. J. 8. Baly on New Genera

disc, a longitudinal space thereon being free from punc-

tures; the sides more closely punctured, lateral border

reflexed. Elytra moderately convex, nearly parallel,

distinctly but not strongly punctate-striate, the punctures

piceous; interspaces plane, obsoletely convex near the

lateral margin.

Genus Hispoponta, Baly.

(Sp. 3.) Hispodonta elegantula.

Elongato-ovata, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, femoribus

anticis (dorso excepto) elytrisque lete fulvis; his ad

suturam striatim, disco exteriori confuse punctatis,

vitté suturali (basi abbreviata) apiceque nigris ; thorace

subremote sed fortiter punctato.

Long 4-5 lin.

Hab.—Amboyna.

Antenne half the length of the body. Thorax not

broader at the base than long, sides slightly converging

from the base towards the apex, the extreme apex

abruptly rounded; above, transversely convex, disc

slightly excavated just in front of the basal margin; sur-

face subremotely impressed with large deep round

punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax, narrowly

ovate; sides distinctly margined, the apex of each elytron

obliquely truncate; surface rather strongly punctured; a

common sutural stripe, and a large patch at the apex,

black; this latter covers nearly the hinder fourth of the

surface, and sends a branch upwards on the outer disc,

which is abbreviated anteriorly some distance below the

middle of the disc.

Genus PromecotHeca, Blanch.

(Sp. 6a.) Promecotheca Reichit.

Angustata, subcylindrica flava, nitida, tarsis pallide

piceis, abdomine, mandibulis, oculis antennisque (harum

articulo basali excepto) nigris; elytris fortiter punctato-

striatis, metallico-ceruleis, tertia parte antica flava.

Long. 34-44 lin.

Hab.—Vavao.

Antenne two-thirds the length of the body in the ¢,

rather shorter in the ?, slender, filiform, black, the basal

and Species of Hispide. 3795

joint flavous, the second and third, in the 6, pale

piceous. Thorax much longer than broad, moderately

constricted at the base, sides slightly but distinctly

swollen in front of the constriction; surface smooth and

shining, impunctate. LElytra parallel, rezularly rounded

at the apex, their anterior third flavous, the remaining

portion metallic blue.

This insect may possibly be a variety of P. ccrulei-

pennis, Blanch.

Genus Botryonopa, Blanch.

(Sp. 5.) Botryonopa cyanoptera.

Elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, rufa, nitida; anten-

nis (basi excepta) nigris; thorace opaco, foveolato-punc-

tato, ante apicem declivi, levi; elytris cyaneis, sat pro-

funde punctato-striatis, interspatiis subrugoso-reticulatis.

Long. 74 lin.

' Hab.—Borneo.

Antenne more than half the length of the body;

shining black, one or two basal joints rufous. Thorax

rather broader than long, sides narrowly margined,

parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence

obliquely converging and slightly rounded to the apex ;

above opaque, moderately convex, deflexed in front, 1m-

pressed just in front of the base with a short broad

transverse fossa, from the anterior edge of which a faint

longitudinal groove runs forwards in the medial line as

far as the base of the deflexed portion; hinder three-

fourths of the disc covered (the medial line excepted)

with large oblong punctures. LElytra parallel, acutely

rounded at the apex, each notched at the sutural angle,

and armed with an acute tooth. Thighs obsoletely

toothed beneath.

(Sp. 6.) Botryonopa imperialis.

_ Anguste elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, nigra, ni-

tida; thorace foveolato-punctato, ante medium declivi,

leevi, disco medio longitudinaliter carinato, utrinque trans-

versim sulcato; elytris apice conjunctim subacutis, pro-

funde punctato-striatis, cyaneis; femoribus unispinosis,

anticis paullo incrassatis ; tibiis anticis extus ante apicem.

dente parvo armatis.

376 Mr, J. 8. Baly on New Genera

Long. 10$ hn.

Hab.—Philippine Islands.

Front impressed with a deep groove, which ends on

the vertex in a transverse sulcation. Thorax at the base

not broader than long, sides narrowly margined, nearly

parallel from the base to just beyond the middle, thence

obliquely converging to the apex; immediately in front

of the base is a small indistinct tooth; upper surface

sub-opaque, its anterior third deflexed, impunctate, hinder

two-thirds transversely convex, impressed on either side

in front with a broad transverse depression, which ex-

tends laterally as far as the outer margin; on the

medial line is a faint longitudinal groove, terminated

anteriorly at the base of the deflexed portion by a small

shining tubercle ; hinder part of the thorax (with the ex-

eeption of abroad longitudinal space on the middle) deeply

punctured. LHlytra elongate, parallel, sides obliquely

converging near the apex, the latter conjointly subacu-

minate; each elytron emarginate at the sutural angle,

and armed with a short acute tooth.

Genus Estiamena, Hope.

(Sp. 2.) Hstigmena terminalis.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, dorso depressa, fulvo-

flava, nitida ; oculis, antennis (basi excepta) , elytrorumque

dimidio postico, nigris; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis,

interspatiis costatis.

Long. 44 lin.

Hab.—Tondano; collected by Mr. Wallace.

Antenne scarcely more than a third the length of the

body, basal joint flavous, the apical one obscure nigro-

fuscous. Thorax longer than broad, sides straight and

parallel, rounded at the extreme apex; upper surface

smooth and shining, deeply excavated on either side

close to the lateral border, impressed in front of the

basal margin with a large round fovea; the excavated

portions coarsely punctured. Elytra broader than the

thorax, sides parallel; apex subacutely rounded ; upper

surface flattened along the suture, deeply punctate-

striate; strize sulcate, their interspaces costate. :

and Species of Hispide. 377

Genus Downzsst14, Baly.

(Sp. 2.) Downesia atrata.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida ; thorace latitu-

dine paullo longiori, modice transversim convexo, sparse

sed distincte punctato; elytris profunde punctato-striatis,

utrisque tricostatis.

Long. 34 lin.

Hab.—India; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Antenne scarcely longer than the head and thorax,

slightly increasing in thickness towards the apex. Thorax

narrowly margined, sides straight and parallel, obliquely

narrowed at their extreme apex, apical margin slightly

produced. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax;

sides straight and parallel, their apex regularly rounded ;

upper surface of each with three strongly raised lon-

gitudinal coste, the sutural and lateral borders also

costate, interspaces each with a double row of large

deeply-impressed punctures ; on the middle portion of the

outer, the anterior four-fifths of the inner, and on the

extreme base of the middle interspaces, the double rows

of punctures become single.

(Sp. 38.) Downesia tarsata.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, flava, nitida; antennis, oculis

tarsisque nigris; thorace latitudine paullo longiore,

tenuiter punctato, modice transversim convexo; elytris

sat profunde punctato-striatis, utrisque tricostatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Hong Kong.

_ Thorax slightly longer than in the preceding, sides

straight, obsoletely sinuate, nearly parallel, only shghtly

converging from the base to within a short distance of

the apex, where they suddenly converge to the apex itself;

apical margin slightly produced; upper surface finely

and subremotely punctured. Elytra sculptured as in the

last species.

The two insects now described differ from the type of

the genus (Downesia insignis, Cat. Hisp. p. 107) in having

the fourth joint of the tarsus of normal length, and not

elongate; there isalso a slight difference in the length of

the joints of their antenne; but I do not consider these

characters of sufficient importance to authorize the forma-

tion of a new genus; in habit, and in all other respects,

they agree entirely with the typical form.

378 Mr. J. 8S. Baly on New Genera

Genus ASPIDISPA.

Corpus sub-ovatum, postice paullo subdepressum. Oaput

obtusum, inter antennas in cretam elevatam antrorsum

productum ; antennis filiformibus, corporis dimidio longi-

tudine fere equalibus, ad apicem vix attenuatis, articulo

primo incrassato, ob-ovato, secundo ovato, primo vix

breviori, tertio paullo elongato; mandibulis apice-obtusis ;

mento oblongo; ligula segmento basali integro. Thoraw

transversus. Hlytra thorace multo latiora, subcordata,

lateribus basi rotundato-ampliatis, hinc apicem versus

oblique angustatis, apice conjunctim rotundatis; dorso

subdepressa, hic illic profunde excavata ; utraque bicostata,

costis valde interruptis, interspatiis profunde biseriatim

punctatis, interstitiis transversim costatis. Pedes breves,

antici ¢ valde incrassati; tibi/s anticis trigonatis; tarsis

quatuor anticis latis, anticis g transversim ampliatis;

unguibus articulo penultimo zquilongis, illo fere occultis.

This very singular form resembles closely the genus

Hoplionota, and at first I had considerable doubt whether

it really belonged to the present family; but M. Boheman,

to whom I showed it, at once pronounced it to be one

of the group of Hispide. It must stand close to Go-

nophora.

The mentum differs in form in the two sexes; in the ¢

its anterior surface is deeply concave; in the ? it is plane

and raised towards the apex into a longitudinal ridge.

Aspidispa tibialis.

Sub-ovata, subdepressa, fulva, nitida, supra (facie an-

tennisque exceptis) nigro-cerulea, vertice utrinque, tho-

racis lateribus vitta submarginali, scutelloque rufo-piceis ;

thorace transverso, hic illic rude punctato, basi arcuatim

sulcato, lateribus obtuse rotundatis, minute serratis;

elytris subcordatis, thorace multo latioribus, basi rotun-

dato-ampliatis, hinc apicem versus rotundato-angustatis,

apice conjunctim rotundatis, dorso hic illic late et pro-

funde excavatis, utrisque tricostatis, costis interruptis,

interspatiis profunde biseriatim punctatis, interstitiis hic

illic transversim elevatis.

Mas: pedibus anticis valde incrassatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—Gilolo.

and Species of Hispide. 379

Antenne not quite half the length of the body,

slender, filiform. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long,

sides distinctly margined, nearly straight and slightly

diverging from the base to beyond the middle, then

broadly rounded to the apex, outer edge finely serrate ;

disc convex, excavated on the sides, base impressed with

a broad semilunate sulcation ; scattered irregularly over

the disc are some large deeply impressed punctures.

Elytra much broader at the base than the thorax,

shoulders rotundate-ampliate, sides converging thence

towards the apex, the apex itself regularly rounded ; upper

surface of each elytron with three raised longitudinal

coste ; their interspaces each with a double row of punc-

tures; the interstices between the punctures are also

thickened, and form irregular transverse cost; on the

surface of the disc are a number of large irregular exca-

vations, which obliterate not only the cost, but to

a great extent the punctures themselves; lateral border

moderately dilated at the shoulders, gradually narrowed

towards the apex of the elytra, outer border very finely

serrulate, the serrations being only visible under a lens.

Genus Gonopnora, Baly.

(Sp. 3a.) Gonophora nigriceps.

Elongata, subparallela, nigra, nitida ; antennis robustis,

subfusiformibus; femoribus anticis quatuor basi fa-

cieique macula pallide fulvis, thorace dorso elytrisque

rufo-fulvis, illo vittaé elevatéa interrupta lateribusque ante

medium nigris; elytris utrisque tricostatis, interspatiis

profunde biseriatim punctatis, margine laterali modice

dilatato, medio vix ampliato.

Long. 5-6 lin.

Hab.—Penang.

Very close to Gonophora Saundersii, separated from

that species by the narrower and more parallel lateral

margin of the elytra, and also by the interspaces on the

disc having each (the middle one at the base excepted)

a double row of punctures.

(Sp. 5a.) Gonophora apicipennis.

Elongata, postice vix ampliata, dorso subdepressa, fulva,

subnitida, subtus nitida; oculis, antennis, metathorace,

380 Mr. J. 8S. Baly on New Genera

abdomine pedibusque nigris; thorace rugoso, basi trans-

versim sulcato, disco vittis brevibus elevatis tribus, duabus

exterioribus obliquis, imstructo; elyiris apice nigris,

utrisque tricostatis, interspatils triseriatim punctatis,

Long. 54 lin.

Hab.—Ceylon.

Antenne nearly half the length of the body, third

joint slender, elongate; head shining, forehead impressed

with a deep fovea; eyes and mandibles black. Thorax

rather broader at the base than long; sides straight,

converging from base to apex, feebly bisinuate, notched

at the apex, hinder angles acute; surface closely rugose,

deeply impressed at the base with a transverse groove ;

on the middle of the disc are placed three short shining

elevated vitte, the two outer ones oblique. Hlytra

broader than the thorax, slightly dilated posteriorly, the

apex regularly rounded; upper surface flattened along

the suture, the apical third entirely black; each elytron

strongly tricostate, the basal margin also thickened ;

three inner interspaces, as well as the hinder half of

the fourth, each with a treble row of punctures; anterior

half of the fourth interspace impressed with a double

row only. Thorax stained on either side beneath with

an oblong black vitta; anterior pair of thighs each with

an oblong fulvous patch in front.

Genus CH#RIDIONA.

Corpus oblongum aut subcuneiforme. Oaputinter oculos

productum, antice angulatum ; antennis dimidio corporis

longioribus, robustis, 11l-articulatis, articulis cylindricis,

duobus basalibus brevibus, longitudine fere sequalibus,

primo paullo incrassato; palpis maxillaribus articulo pri-

mo minuto, duobus sequentibus brevibus, eequalibus,

ultimo ceteris longitudine zquali; mento oblongo, lateri-

bus constricto; liguld menti dorso insert, segmento basali

obsoleto, segmento apicali magno, subquadrato, mento

latiori; palpislabialibus obsoletis. Thorax subcylindricus,

anguste marginatus, angulis anticis in dentem productis.

Hlytra thorace multo latiora, postice paullo ampliata, utra-

que apice oblique truncata, sutura conjunctim emarginata,

angulis posticis distinctis; dorso profunde striato-punc-

tata, cretis interruptis, hic illic inter se ramulis interdum

convexis instructa. Pedes mediocres, mutici.

and Species of Hispide. 381

The present remarkable genus stands, as far as my

knowledge extends, alone amongst the great tribe of

Phytophaga, im wanting the labial palpi. I myself possess

two species of the genus which both agree entirely in

habit and external characters, but although I have sub-

jected the specimens to a most careful examination under

a powerful lens (the two-thirds of Ross), I cannot detect

the slightest trace, either of the palpi themselves, or of

their pomts of insertion; in fact, the basal segment of

the ligula, on which the labial palpi are always inserted,

appears itself to be obsolete, its place being occupied by

the large apical segment. The genus ought to follow

Nepius.

1. Cheeridiona metallica.

Anguste cuneiformis, convexa, subtus picea, nitida,

geneo-micans, supra cupreo-aurea; thorace profunde et

rude rugoso-foveolato, disco viridi-metallico; elytris api-

cem versus paullo ampliatis, angulo postico obtuso, utris-

que quadricostatis, costa secundd ante apicem tertiaque

in medio et ante apicem interruptia, interspatis profunde

biseriatim foveolatis, vitti laté communi a basi fere ad

apicem extensa viridi-metallici, margine apicali fulvo;

antennis rufo-fulvis, apice nigris; pedibus fulvis, tarsis

piceis.

Long. 24 hin. |

Hab.—India.

Head coarsely and deeply punctured; front produced

anteriorly between the eyes into an angular projection,

the apex of which is extended downwards to form a lon-

gitudinal ridge, which runs along the face as far as the

upper border of the clypeus; four outer joints of the an-

tennee black. Thorax subcylindrical, scarcely longer than

broad, sides parallel, bisinuate, anterior angles notched,

bidentate, surface very deeply and coarsely punctured,

rugose. Hlytra broader than the thorax, sides narrowly

margined, slightly dilated towards the posterior angles,

the latter obtuse; each elytron with four strongly-raised

longitudinal costee, the first and fourth entire, extending

nearly to the apex, the second entire for the greater part

of its course but interrupted some distance below its

middle, the third, which arises on the humeral callus,

broadly mterrupted in the middle and again just before

reaching the apex.

382 Mr. J. 8. Baly on Hispide.

2. Cheeridiona picea.

Anguste oblonga, convexa, picea, nitida, pedibus

fulvis ; thorace subcylindrico, rude punctato, disco irre-

gulariter excavato; elytris thorace latioribus, fere paral-

lelis,“angulo postico acuto, profunde seriatim foveolatis,

vittis elevatis interruptis cretisque longitudinalibus, hic

illic inter se connexis, instructis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—India.

Head coarsely punctured, produced anteriorly in the

same manner as in CO. metallica. Thorax subcylindrical,

subquadrate, sides more broadly margined than in the

former species, lateral borders straight and parallel,

slightly sinuate behind the middle, armed just in front

of the base with a minute tooth; anterior angles notched,

produced anteriorly into a short tooth; upper surface

coarsely rugose-punctate, deeply excavated on the disc.

Elytra furnished each with four strongly-raised costze

which from bemg much more interrupted than in 8. me-

tallica, are more difficult to trace; thus the first costa

is to be seen just below the base, again at the middle of

the elytron (where it stands a little out of the line, and is

connected by short transverse ridges above to the third

and below to the second costa) , thirdly, half-way between

the middle and apex, and lastly, at the apex itself; the

second is visible at the base, below the middle, and again

a short distance before reaching the apex; the third,

which commences on the humeral callus, is entire nearly

to the middle of its course (where it is connected, as

above stated, by a short oblique branch to the first costa),

then interrupted it again appears half-way between the

middle and apex; lastly, the fourth costa, which is nearly

entire, is interrupted some distance below the middle of

the elytron, but just below appears again, and forms a

short oblique ridge, which runs inwards as far as, but a

little below, the termination of the third costa.

( 383 )

XXV. New Species of Coleoptera from Chontales, Nicar-

agua. By H. W. Batss, F.Z.8., Pres. Ent. Soc.

Durine the past few months, three or four small col-

lections of Coleoptera have been received from the province

of Chontales in Nicaragua, the product of the researches

of Mr. T. Belt, and Mr. H. Janson, junr. These collections

contained so large a proportion of new and handsome

species of tropical American types, that they have attracted

much attention among Coleopterists, and no apology is

needed for the present attempt to make some of them

better known. Further collections may be expected, and

any general account of the Coleopterous Fauna must be

deferred for the present.

LONGICORNIA.

Mallaspis paradowa.

Elongata, convexa, postice attenuata, subtiliter punc-

tulata, fusco-eenea, elytris postice castaneis; capite an-

gusto, longissimo; thorace spina laterali pone medium

fortissima, antice valde attenuato, margine levi carinaque

marginali obsoleté ; antennis corpore tertid parte breviori-

bus, levibus, violaceis, apices versus gradatim rufescenti-

bus, articulis 3-6 compressis, paululum dilatatis, ceteris

subcompressis, angulis totis rotundatis ; pedibus violaceis,

levibus; corpore subtus vix punctulato, lateribus aureo-

pubescenti, prosterno transversim rugato.

Long. 1 un. 9 lin.—2 un. (¢ ?).

This singular species differs from all its allies by the

absence of a lateral carina to the prothorax, a trace of which

only remains near the anterior margin. In conjunction

with this, the lateral spine stands out very prominently

and is unusually stout and long, the thorax is rapidly

narrowed from the spine to the front margin, and the disc

has only a few fine scattered punctures. The brassy-

fuscous colour gradually changes into castaneous, from

near the base to the tip of the elytra. In colour and

punctuation, as well as in the length of the head, the

species approaches the Mexican M. longiceps of White,

but this has the usual crenate prothoracic carina, and the

antennal joints are linear, with distinct angles. In M.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869.—PART V. (DECEMBER.)

384 Mr. H. W. Bates on New

paradoxa the joints have rounded angles, as in M. scutel-

laris. Iam uncertain about the sex of my two examples,

but from the shortness and smoothness of the antenne,

&c., I judge them to be females.

Ophistomis picticornis.

Flavo-testacea, capite utrinque vitta nigra usque ad

marginem posticum thoracis continua; elytris (ad hu-

meros latis) utrinque maculis lateralibus tribus, quartaque

discoidali prope scutellum, et marginibus anguste nigris,

apicem versus litura indistincta fusca; antennis nigris,

articulis 7-9 albis; prosterno utrinque vitta, ventroque

annulis quatuor, nigris; pedibus flavis, femoribus et

tibus apice, tarsis totis nigris.

Long. 8-9 lin. (<¢).

Two examples.

Agaone monostigma.

A. molorchoidi affinis ; angustata, rufo-testacea ; thorace

cylindrico, confertim grosse punctato, vitta mediana pos-

tice abbreviata nigra; elytris abdomine multo brevioribus,

truncatis, vix nitidis, punctatis, punctis lateralibus gros-

sioribus, ibique vitta marginali nigra; antennis dimidium

corporis superantibus, apice incrassatis, nigris, sparsim

ciliatis; femoribus apice supra, tibiis et tarsis (partim)

nigris, femoribus posticis apice bene distincte nigro-

cinctis.

Long. 3} lin. (?).

One example.

Crioprosopus rutilans.

Angustatus, supra levissimus, capite thorace et scu-

tello nigris, elytris viridi-zeneis politissimis, nitore ceruleo

certo situ splendentibus; metasterno et ventre obscure

rufis, nigro variis, levibus ; pedibus nigris, femoribus an-

nulo lete rufo; thorace transverso, supra subequali,

sparsim punctulato, utrinque tuberculo grosso mediano

alteroque obtusiori anteriori; antennis corpore paulo lon-

gioribus (?), articulis 4-11 albo-sericeis; prosterno con-

vexo, apice rotundato; metasterno triangulari, producto.

Long, tau. 2 lin. 9):

Coleoptera from Chontales. 385

One example. A second (male) specimen was also

sent by Mr. Belt, but I do not know into whose collection

it passed.

Celarthron quadrinotatum.

CO. bilineato forma simillimum; nigerrimum, politum,

Sparse griseo-setosum ; thorace vittis duabus antice abbre-

viatis albo-sericeis; elytris pone medium fascia ad suturam

interrupta, et litura prope basin e lineis tribus formata

(duabus longitudinalibus unaque transversal), testaceo-

albis; antennis (¢ et ¢) articulis 3-6 triquetris, apice

valde dilatatis.

Long. 9-104 lin. (3, 9).

Chalastinus rubrocinctus.

Niger, opacus, elytris in medio fascia communi coc-

cinea; antennis ¢ corpore duplo longioribus, articulo primo

gradatim fortiter clavato, 3° apice intus dilatato et nigro-

hirsuto, ceteris apice nodosis, medio pallide rufo-griseis,

ultimo precedente multo breviori, obtuso; mesosterno

simplici; tarsis articulis basalibus griseis.

Long. 7-9 lin. (6, 2).

The narrow crown with elevated approximate antenni-

ferous tubercles, the nodulous tips of the antennal joints,

and the slightly dilated front tarsi of the ¢, bring this

handsome species within the genus Chalastinus ; it differs

in the non-tuberculate mesosternum and uncurved an-

tennal joints, which appear, therefore, to be specific

characters. Many examples were sent by Mr. Belt, and

one of unusually large size by Mr. H. M. Janson.

Anisocerus personatus.

Oblongus, supra grosse sparsim punctatus, lateribus

fuscus, in medio late albo-vittatus ; vitté elytrorum bis dila-

tati, imprimis paulo ante medium, postea prope apicem,

parte albi fusco-punctata, punctis majoribus duobus ante

medium prope suturam, alteris duobus mag's approximatis

ante apicem; corpore subtus nigro, cinereo-tomentoso ;

antennis ¢ corpore plus duplo longioribus, griseis, arti-

culis apice nigris, articulo 3° apice globoso et articulo

ultimo brevi.

Long. 6-7 lin. (6d, @).

386 Mr. H. W. Bates on New

The sides of the body above are blackish, varied with

tawny-brown and dark punctures; the central ashy white

streak, which is confined to a broad vitta on the head and

thorax, forms on the elytra a figure resembling an elon-

gate mask, of which the two small black dots on the

anterior dilated portion represent the eyes, the larger

spots behind near the suture the nose, and the dark apex

of the elytra the mouth. 1

The insect is of a much more elongate figure than the

other true Anisoceri, resembling in this respect much more

the genus Caciomorpha of Thomson; but the dilated third

joint, and the very much abbreviated eleventh joint of

the antennz, bring the species within the definition of

Amisocerus.

Lagocheirus rosaceus.

L. araneiformi valde affinis; differt antennis, pedibus

lineisque thoracis et elytrorum roseo-tomentosis ; thorace

valde punctato, maculis quatuor bene discretis nigris,

lineisque irregularibus roseis; elyiris lneis numerosis

roseis fusco-punctatis, pone medium maculas utrinque

duas fuscas includentibus, ante has macula marginali

majori semicirculari fusca, parte apicali lineis utrinque

quinque longitudinalibus roseis.

yong. 9 im.(g 5 2):

Many examples of this and the following species were

sent.

Lagocheirus V-album.

L. araneiformi forma similis ; multo obscurior, fuscus ;

thorace utrinque vitt’ abbreviati, a medio usque ad mar-

ginem posticum, fusca ; elytris obscure fuscis, vix variega-

tis, macula magna obscuriore laterali minus distincta, mox

pone hance litura alba literam v vel N simulante; pedibus

obscuris, tarsis pallidis, articulo unguiculari apice nigro

excepto.

Tons, 65 -lm.G) 2.)

Amplhionycha bifasciata.

Robusta, nigra, griseo subtiliter tomentosa; capite

thorace paulo angustiori, fronte supra macula fulva;

thorace supra fulvo vel roseo, maculis 3 nigris; elytris

Coleoptera from Chontales. $87

parallelis, apice flexuoso-truncatis et externe spinosis,

fasciis duabus flavis vel roseis nigro-marginatis, fascia

prima flexuosa, secunda obliqua ; antennis nigris, sparsim

subtus ciliatis.

Long. 6-8 lin. (6, 2).

Many examples of both sexes.

CaRNEADES, nov. gen. CoLOBOTHEINARUM.

_ A Oolobothea differt carina laterali elytrorum nulla vel

indistincta, et articulo antennarum basali apice abrupte

clavato.

Carneades superba.

Magna, crassa, elongata, antice posticeque attenuata,

tomento ochraceo dense vestita; thorace supra maculis

duabus, elytris fasciis quatuor, prima tertiaque maculari-

bus, nigris, humeris antice curvatis, valde productis;

antennis nigris, articulis basi griseis; pedibus nigris,

nitidis, femoribus et tibiis posticis rufo-annulatis, annulis

e tomento denso formatis, tarsis flavo-tomentosis, articulo

unguiculari nigro.

Long. 11 lin.—1 un.

The design of the elytra in this fine insect consists of

four transverse belts or rows of spots on a ground of

dense yellowish tomentum; the first belt includes a black

spot covering each shoulder, and two round spots near

the suture; the second, a little before the middle, is

entire except near the suture and oblique; the third

consists of four equidistant spots ; and the fourth, near the

apex, is entire excepting the sutural interruption. The

prothorax beneath has on each side a narrow black stripe,

and a small round spot above it. The middle of the

breast is black.

Carneades delicia.

_ Minor, minus elongata, postice valde attenuata, cinereo-

subsericeo-tomentosa; signaturis elytrorum ut in C. su-

perba, fascia secunda apud suturam haud interrupta et

minus obliqua excepta; tarsis rufis, articulis 3° et 4°

nigris.

Long. 64 lin.

TRANS. ENT. sOc. 1869.—ParT v. (DECEMBER.) 26

388 Mr. H. W. Bates on New

Jamesia multivittata.

J. globiferce forma similis; fusca, subnitida; capite an-

gusto, fronte vittis duabus ochraceis ; thorace transversim

grosse rugato, lateribus haud tuberculato, ochraceo spar-

sim tomentoso; elytris humeris angulatis, postice paulo

attenuatis, basi tuberculis rotundis nigris sparsis, postice

sparsim punctatis, basi et vittis, septem utrinque, in serie-

bus duabus transversis ordinatis, ochraceis; subtus ochra-

ceo-tomentosa et nigro-punctata; antennis pedibusque

nigro-piceis.

Long. 103 lin.

Two examples.

Deliathis nivea.

Hlongata, tomento densissimo niveo induta; capite su-

pra vittulis quatuor, thorace vittis tribus, et elytris ma-

culis numerosis, nigris, nitidis; maculis elytrorum prope

suturam et marginem condensis, disco multo rarioribus,

apicibus mucronatis ; subtus medio corporis et ventris mar-

ginibus nigris nitidis; antennis pedibusque nigris, griseo

tenuiter tomentosis.

Long. 1 un. 5 hin.

LAMELLICORNIA.

Allorrhina anomala.

Oblongo-quadrata, angusta, supra nigro-purpureo-velu-

tina; thorace limbo angusto, postice abbreviato; elytris

limbo laterali, maculis duabus transversis discoidalibus,

et duabus marginalibus rotundatis prope apicem, flavis;

mesosterno triangulari, crasso, convexo.

Mas: capite quadrato, lateribus utrinque cornu brevi

elevato retrorsum spectante, thoraceque cornu antico-

marginali brevi horizontali apice emarginato; tibiis an-

ticis elongatis, linearibus, edentatis.

Long. 11 lin.; lat. 5 lin. (¢).

A remarkable species, agreeing with A. Lansbergit

(Sallé) in the peculiar armature of the head and anterior

margin of the thorax, in which both differ greatly from

all other known species of Allorrhina, or Gymnetine. The

peculiarity seems to arise from the development into

Coleoptera from Chontales. 389

horns of the lateral carinz of the head, at the expense of

the central horizontal horn, which is absent, as is also

the horn at the edge of the clypeus.

One example only, received from Mr. Belt.

Gymnetis ramulosa.

Ad sectionem G. holosericee, etc. pertinens; processu

mesosternali magno, crasso, deorsum curvato, et antice

tuberculato; supra olivacea, velutina; elytris limbis late-

rali et apicali angustis equalibus, illo ramulos tenues duos

vel tres emittente, uno pone medium in fasciam flexuosam

prope ad suturam prolongato; abdomine ¢ nigro, nitido,

2 olivaceo, subopaco.

fone 10 lm. (¢, 2).

A large number of specimens of this species were sent

home by Mr. Belt.

( 391 )

XXVI. A Synopsis of the genus Clothilda.

By Ospert Satvin, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

[Read 15th November, 1869.]

Dorine an examination of a small collection of Diurnal

Lepidoptera which was sent to this country by Mr.

Ramsden, from the Island of Cuba, I discovered that

errors have been made with respect to the identification

of two members of the limited genus Clothilda, by all

recent writers on Cuban Rhopalocera. In one case, the

Haitian O. pantherata and its Cuban representative have

been considered as one and the same species, though the

latter received a different name from Hiibner, which was

afterwards recognized by Klug. In the other case, I

found that the second Cuban form of this genus usually

stands in collections as C. jcegeri, from which, however,

it differs materially, as will be seen below. Besides these

- additions to the Antillean species, I have another to add

to CO. euryale, hitherto known as the sole representative

of the genus on the continent of America; thus raising

the whole number of species in this genus to six.

As stated in Doubleday and Hewitson’s “ Genera of

Diurnal Lepidoptera,” the genus Clothilda was first esta-

blished by Blanchard, in 1840, upon Argynnis briarea, of

Godart (OC. pantherata). In all probability, Hiibner’s

genus Anicia is of prior date to Clothilda, but as much

uncertainty prevails regarding the years when the

various portions of Hiibner’s great work were issued,

and, moreover, as Anicia was never characterized, I think

Hiibner’s title had best be set aside, and the arrange-

ment of the “‘Genera”’ adhered to. For the same reasons,

Hiibner’s name Anelia, applied in the third volume of

the ‘‘ Exotische Schmetterlinge” to C. ewryale, must

also be considered as a synonym.

The genus bears a strong resemblance to Argynnis, but

differs chiefly in possessing a well-defined lower disco-

cellular nervure to the posterior wing. Indeed, this

feature is so well developed, that it renders the position

of Clothilda, in the Nymphalince, somewhat anomalous, if

the character of the open or closed cell be taken as of

primary importance.

In its distribution, Clothilda is one of the very few

genera possessed in common by the Antilles and Central

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1869.—PART V. (DECEMBER.)

392 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

America, to the exclusion of the rest of America. Two

species are peculiar to Haiti, and two to Cuba; whilst

one inhabits the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala,

and another the mountainous parts of Costa Rica. All

the species are, I believe, inhabitants of the damp forests

of the higher mountainous districts, where a temperate

climate prevails.

The following table will serve to separate the six

species.

Clavis specierum.

A. Species alis ochraceis, nigro-maculatis.

a. posticis, maculis nigris in serie duplici

(margine excepto) positis, notatis.. . . 1. C. pantherata.

b. posticis, maculis nigris in serie triplici (mar-

gine excepto) positis, notatis. . . . . 2. C.nwmda.

B. Species alis fuscis, anticis supra aut subtus rubro-notatis.

a. anticis supra et subtus distincté rubro-

notatis.

a. posticis fuscis, haud fasciatis. . . . . 3. C. ewryale.

b. posticis fuscis, ochraceolatetransfasciatis. 4. C. insignis.

b. anticis supra fuscis, subtus rubro-notatis.

a. anticis maculis albis, haud transfasciatis. 5. OC. jagert.

b. anticis maculis albis distincté vittatis. . 6. C. cubana,

The following generic titles have been applied by the

following authors.to members of the group.

Clothilda, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. 440 (1840). Type*

CO. pantherata.

as Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. vol. i.

(1846-50).

5 Ménét. Enum. Corp. An. Mus. Petrop. p. 21

(1855).

os Herr.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, in Correspond-

enz-blatt, Regensburg (1863).

Anicia, Hiitbn. Exot. Schm. vol. ii. Type A. numida.

Anelia, Hiibn. Exot. Schm. vol.ii. Type A. euryale.

Argynms, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 261 (1819).

» Klug, Neue Schm. Mus. Berl. p. 2 (1836).

= Ménét. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. ix. 125

(1840).

Papilio, Martyn, Psyche, t. 12, f. 27; t. 14, f. 35 (1797).

the genus Clothilda. 393

1. CLOTHILDA PANTHERATA.

Papilio pantherata, Martyn, Psyche, t. 12, f. 27; t. 14,

f. 35 (1797).

Clothilda pantherata, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep.

1, 156.

Argynnis briarea, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. 261 (1819).

Hab.—Haiti (Jeger, Tweedie). In Mus. Salv. and

Godm.

This species has been long known to Entomologists,

having been well figured by Martyn in the year 1797.

Since that date, specimens appear to have been obtained

by every collector who has visited the Island of San

Domingo. The species was described by Godart in the

year 1819, under the name briarea, and mention is made

of it by Ménétriés in his list of Jeeger’s collection. Spe-

cimens were also procured in the neighbourhood of Port-

au-Prince by the late Mr. Tweedie, from whose collection

our specimens were derived. As Hiibner’s figure of

CO. numida is, perhaps, the best known, and more acces-

sible than that of Martyn, I will here shortly poimt out

the differences between OC. pantherata and its Cuban

representative. The most noticeable difference on the

upper surface is on the hind wings, which bear a double

instead of a triple row of black spots inside the dark

margin ; beneath, instead of a simple dark margin to the

hind wings, there is a series of well-defined V-shaped

black markings, bordered inwardly with white; the

markings, too, of the posterior wings are much clearer,

the row of black spots outside the cell bemg very con-

spicuous.

The sexes do not differ in coloration, but females are

rather larger in size.

2, CLOTHILDA NUMIDA.

Anicia numida, Hiibn. Ex. Schm. ui. pl. 22, 28.

Clothilda pantherata, H.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, p. 4.

Hab,—Cuba (Ramsden).

394 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

3. CLOTHILDA EURYALE.

Argynnis euryale, Klug, Neue Schm. Mus. Berl. p. 2,

plea. £1) 2 (1836)

Clothilda euryale, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 1. 156,

pl. 21, f. 4.

Anelia thirza, Hitbn. Ex. Schm. ii. pl. 24.

Hab.—Mexico (Deppe; Fenochio) ; Guatemala (Salvin

and Godman). In Mus. Salv. and Godm.

The specimens from which Klug took his original de-

scription were collected by Deppe, through whose exer-

tions the Berlin Museum owes, in a great measure, its

extensive series of the natural productions of Mexico.

Deppe’s discoveries, however, have so long remained

unnoticed in the stores of that Institution, that the ma-

jority of the species have since been rediscovered by

more recent explorers, and thus the fruits of his expedi-

tion have been fore-stalled. The present species, how-

ever, escaped the fate of many others, and was described

by Klug as long ago as 1836,

The species is not uncommon in the highland districts

of Guatemala. On one occasion, in the mouth of Sep-

tember, I captured several specimens which were flying

lazily about the foot of a precipice reeking with moisture

in the high mountains above the old Indian town of

Quiché. The altitude of this spot is about 8000 feet

above the sealevel. It also occurred in the ravines of

the Volcan de Fuego, at an elevation of about 7000 feet ;

and in the mountains surrounding the Plain of Salama,

in Vera Paz, at an elevation of 4000 feet. Specimens

have also been forwarded to us from the northern slopes

of the mountains of Alta Vera Paz, below the village of

San Christobal.

As in C. pantherata, the male of this species does not

differ in coloration from the female; it is, however,

smaller, and has the anterior wings more pointed.

4, CLOTHILDA INSIGNIS, sp. n.

C. alis fuscis, anticis supra et subtus rubro-maculatis;

posticis fuscis, ochraceo late transfasciatis.

the genus Clothilda. 395

¢@. Antenne black; palpi white, with a lateral black

streak; head black, with three minute white spots; pro-

thorax brown, thorax and abdomen very dark brown;

wings rich brown, the posterior half of the cell of the

anterior wings and outside the cell black, including rich

red curved marks, just as in C. euryale; beyond this

patch are ochre spots, two pairs on the costa, others in

pairs along the outer margin ; there are also others be-

tween the median branches; on the hind wings a broad

curved ochre band, deeply sinuate on its outer edge,

crosses the wing from the apical to the posterior angle,

where it becomes almost white; the cilia of the hind

wings bear white spots, inside which are other indis-

tinct spots in pairs: beneath, rich ochre, with black and

red spots corresponding to those of the upper surface,

the latter being larger; at the base of the wing are some

transverse and longitudinal pale marks, and the ochre

marks on the rest of the wing correspond with those of

the upper surface; on the hind wing there is a promi-

nent red spot on the middle of the costa, an irregular

black line, bordered with white, crosses the wing, three

transverse white lines cross the cell to the submedian

nervure, between which and the inner margin are longi-

tudinal white lines; beyond the cell the nervures are

black, and cut a deeply sinuate band of whitish; on the

margin are large pale spots in pairs.

Hab.—Highlands of Costa Rica {Arcé). In Mus. Salv.

and Godm.

This species is closely allied to C. euryale, and evi-

dently represents that species in the highlands of Costa

Rica. For some time I| considered this specimen to be

a female of C. ewryale, but having acquired true females

of that species, I am now convinced that the Costa Rican

Clothilda must be distinct.

My reasons for separating it may be thus shortly

given. Individuals of C. ewryale do not vary from one

another in any appreciable degree, nor do members of

other species of the genus, as C. pantherata, or O. numida.

The sexes algo are alike, both in C. ewryale and C. pan-

therata, and, moreover, species from the highlands of

Costa Rica, though evidently closely allied to their repre-

sentatives in the highlands of Guatemala and Mexico,

very frequently are appreciably different. Hence the

396 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

Costa Rican Clothilda would, a priori, very probably

differ from the more northern species. We find that it

does, and that the specimen does not represent the

normal female of C. ewryale. As shown before, the

species of this genus have no apparent tendency to vary ;

I have, therefore, though at present only a single speci-

men has reached us, no further hesitation in considermg

that it belongs to a representative of the Mexican species,

and is distinguishable by well-marked characters.

These differences consist in the presence of a well-

marked band on the hind wings, and in the absence of

the red spots seen in C. euryale on the same wings;

beneath, the ochraceous colouring is bright, and instead

of being brownish and the light markings forming a

band beyond the cell, are very much larger, and more

clearly defined; the margin of the hind wing is not so

deeply sinuate, and the curvature of the outer margin of

the anterior wing not so deeply concave.

5. CLOTHILDA JHGERI.

Argynnis jegeri, Ménétr. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose.

ix. 125, pl. x. f. 3, 4 (1840).

Clothilda jeegeri, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. 157.

Hab.—Haiti (Jeger, Tweedie). In Mus. Salv. and

Godm.

This species is quite distinct from the preceding. It

differs in being smaller in size, in having the costa of

the anterior wings less abruptly arched, and in bemg

destitute of the brilliant red spots on the upper surface

of the same wings, which have only a reddish tinge at

the base ; beneath, the markings are very indistinct com-

pared with those of C. euryale.

This species seems to be very rare. Our specimen

formed part of Mr. Tweedie’s collection.

6. CLOTHILDA CUBANA, Sp. n.

Clothilda jeegeri, H.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, p. 4.

C. alis fuscis; anticis maculis albis distincte transfas-

ciatis, subtus rubro-notatis.

9. Antenne black; palpi white, with a longitudinal

black stripe; head, thorax, and abdomen, very dark

brown; wings dark brown; anterior wings with a ma-

the genus Clothilda. 397

cular band of conspicuous white spots, extending from

the costal margin to the posterior angle; outside this

band is another white spot, between the third median

branch and the lower radial; on the posterior wings a

pale ochraceous band, cut by the nervures, stretches

across the wing from the apical to the posterior angle:

beneath, in addition to markings corresponding to those

of the upper surface, there are faint blueish pencillings

on the basal half of the cell, and red marks are situate

one across the cell, others close to the median nervure,

while others cross the interspaces between the median

branches; the hind wings are mottled with grayish about

the apical angle, and near the transverse band, and very

faint dark and light stripes are placed transversely

nearer the base of the wing.

Hab.—Cuba.

The form of the wings in this species is much the same

as in C. euryale, but the apex of the anterior wings is

more produced.

This species has been considered by Lepidopterists to

be the female of C. jegeri; but besides the very different

character of the markings, the close relationship of both

with C. euryale would lead us.to conclude that, as in

that species, the sexes do not differ materially in outward

form and markings. .

The specimen from which my description was taken

is in the collection of Mr. Cornthwaite.

( 399 )

XXVII. Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwoodii.

By Rosert McLacuian, F.L.S., Sec. Hnt.

Soc.

(Read 6th December, 1869.]}

In the “Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,” Vol. i.

p. 132 (November, 1866), Dr. Hagen in his ‘ Synopsis

of the Genus Boreus” first made known to Entomologists

the existence in Europe of two species of this singular,

and still somewhat rare, genus of Newroptera. His short.

descriptions are as follows :—

« B. hiemalis, Linné.”

‘ Bronze-brown; beak, antenne, legs, wings, appen-

‘the antenne dark brown at the apex; wings of the

“male long, acute, curved, and pectinated internally ;

“ first abdominal segment of the male with an erect

‘* transverse fold in the middle above, long, rather longer

“than broad; second segment with a similar fold, but

“ smaller, almost in the form of a tubercle; lamina below

“‘ the appendices, long, triangular elliptic at the apex.

* B. Westwoodui, Hagen.”

‘“‘ Bronzy-green ; beak, antenne, legs, wings, appen-

“ dices of the male, and borer of the female, yellow;

“ antenne and legs dark brown at the apex; first ab-

“ dominal segment of the male with a fold as in B. hie-

“ malis; second segment with a quadrate fold, smaller ;

“lamina broader, slightly grooved at the apex.

“This is the species figured by Westwood in the

‘* frontispiece to his ‘Introduction,’ and probably also

“ that described by Curtis and Stephens.”

When working up the materials for my Monograph of

the British Newroptera-Planipennia, published in the

Transactions of this Society, I felt compelled to ignore

the existence of B. Westwoodii in Britain (Tr. Ent. Soc.

1868, p. 220), because I had never seen a male possess-

ing the characters pointed out by Dr. Hagen, and the

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1869.—PART V. (DECEMBER.)

400 Mr. R. McLachlan on

few Continental examples of the genus to which T could

refer, all seemed equally to pertain to B. hyemalis. Re-

cently, however, my attention has again been called to

the subject, and I resolved to obtain a sight of Professor

Westwood’s insect. That gentleman obligingly lent me

two males, all that exist in the Hope Museum; these are

certainly distinct from hyemalis, and agree well with the

description of Westwoodii. But when lending me the

insects, Prof. Westwood stated that both were from

Germany, and that he never possessed a British male

example. Under these circumstances, it is yet too soon

to attribute the two species to Britain. All the native

specimens I have seen are assuredly hyemalis, at any

rate, so far as the males are concerned; and as for the

females, it would certainly be unsafe to rely upon differ-

ences of colour alone, without having the other sex,

as the colour varies immensely, according to the

degree of maturity of the individual, and I may remark

that I have males of hyemalis both bronzy-brown and

bronzy-green; the clear yellow of the legs, &c., in

Westwoodii, is characteristic, and some native female

examples seem to possess this attribute, yet we must see

males before deciding upon them.

I conclude these remarks with some notes upon the

structural characters of the males of the two species.

In B. hyemalis, the first visible dorsal abdominal seg-

ment (I consider this in reality is the second segment),

bears near its apical margin (but not on the margin), a

transversely quadrate, thin, raised lobe, considerably

longer than broad; on the succeeding segment is a faint

indication of a similar lobe, but very indistinct. The

valve (‘lamina,’ Hagen) proceeding from the ventral

apex of the abdomen is triangular, the sides slightly

rounded, the lower surface convex, and the apex some-

what produced and elliptical. (See fig. 1.)

In B. Westwoodii, the first visible dorsal abdominal

segment has the raised lobe as in hyemalis, but that on

the succeeding segment is much larger than in that

species, very distinct, and similar in form to the other,

but less transversely quadrate. The ventral apical valve

is shorter, the sides not rounded, the apex sharply trun-

cate, and even slightly incised. (See fig. 2.)

I have penned these notes with the hope that, by

calling more attention to the peculiarities of the two

Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwoodit. 401

species, we may soon be able to claim both as natives of

this country. Little can be added to the information as

to distribution given by Dr. Hagen, save that I have

received Swedish examples of B. hyemalis from Professor

Stal, and it is also recorded as Swedish by Zetterstedt

and Wallengren (though apparently not known as such

to Linné when he wrote his “ Fauna Suecica”’?). Omitting

England from the localities for Westwoodii, that species

would appear only to be known from Germany and Fin-

land.

The descriptions and figures given by authors (before

Hagen) all probably pertain to hyemalis; at any rate,

none of them are sufficiently explicit to prove they had

the other species under consideration.

yee dle Fig. 2.

1 2

B. hyemalis. B. Westwoodu.

Fee eA s

. ne a 4 ; £ K ;

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13 vit f rob Th

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

FOR THE YEAR

1869.

February 1, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

The President returned thanks for his re-election, and nominated as his Vice-

Presidents Messrs. Pascoe, Frederick Smith, and A. R. Wallace.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800—1863) compiled and published by the Royal

Society of London,’ Vol. ii.; ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Nos. 105 and 106;

presented by the Society. ‘ Journal of the Linnean Society,’ Zoology, No. 45; by the

Society. ‘Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, Nos. 4 and 5; by the Club.

‘Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1868, No. 1; by the

Society. ‘Genera des Coléoptéres, Tome viii.; by the Author, Prof. Lacordaire.

‘Essai Monographique sur les Oxybelus du Bassin du Léman (Insectes Hymen-

opteres),’ par Frédéric Chevrier; by the Author. Newman’s‘ British Moths, No. 26:

by the Author. ‘The Zoologist, for February; by the Editor. ‘ The Entomologist’s

Monthly Magazine, for February; by the Editors.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Edward Saunders exhibited a specimen of Pachetra leucophza, captured by

Mr. N. E. Brown, on a gas-lamp at the Redhill Railway Station, on the 14th May,

1868.

: The Secretary read a letter from Dr. W. Webster Butterfield, of Indianapolis,

offering to exchange Lepidoptera of Indiana, U.S.A., for those of England.

: Mr. Pascoe made some observations on the Coleopterous genera Aprostoma,

Mecedanum and Gempylodes, with reference to the remark of Prof. Westwood (Proc.

Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 1.) that these genera would probably have to be united. M. Guérin’s

genus Aprostoma was by Prof. Lacordaire referred to the family Brenthide; at all

events the insect from the Niger exhibited by Prof. Westwood was generically distinct,

and in Mr, Pascoe’s opinion abundantly distinct, from Gempylodes.

Mr. Pascve exhibited a curious bug (perhaps an Odontoscelis) from the neighbour-

hood of Toulon; he bad been unable to identify it with any species described by

M. Mulsant.

Prof. Westwood gave an account of the new vine-pest, Rhizaphis, to which his

attention was first called in 1863: its mode of attacking the vine was two-fold, or at

all events specimens between which he could not find any difference, and which to all

appearance belonged to the same species, caused damage to the vines in two very

different ways. Some of them sucked the upper side of the leaf, and caused the

appearance on the lower side of a gall, which was unique in its character; the upper

coat of the leaf split into tooth-like or radiating segments, each with delicate white

filaments ; beneath this covering the insect sheltered herself, being visible through the

interstices between the radiations, and was of the size of an ordinary pin’s head; there

she lay her eggs, which hatched immediately, and the mother and young together filled

the cavity or cell; the young, however, soon left her, and went to the younger parts of

the plant, to commence depredations on their own account; a leaf would sometimes

be covered with them. Prof. Westwood knew no other instance of an insect burying

itself in this manner. The other mode of attack was by sucking the roots or rootlets

underground, thereby causing decay and rottenness, and killing the vine; there was

not any gall or swelling formed, but he had found the young ones with their parent on

the roots. In the South of France whole vineyards had been destroyed ; and the pest

occurred in England, though whether or not introduced or imported with the vines he

could not say. The female alone bad been detected in this country, but Dr. Signoret

had obtained the male, and referred it to the genus Phylloxera. Prof. Westwood

wished to hear if any Member present was aware of any instance of the same insect

attacking a plant both above and below ground in two such dissimilar ways.

Mr. Frederick Smith was able to mention an instance. The common Cynips

aptera was well known to form clusters of galls on the fibrous roots of the oak; on one

occasion he had found, in Bishop's Wood, Hampstead, on the stem of an oak tree,

about a foot above the ground, a large lump which he could only compare to a number

of barnacles fastened to the bole; he cut the lump off, took it home, and to his surprise

bred therefrom between twenty and thirty specimens of Cynips aptera.

Mr. Charles Horne (who was present as a visitor) exhibited the stings of two

scorpions which were killed by rats at Benares, on the 19th July, 1865; one of the

stings shewed a large hole where it had been perforated by the tooth of the rat. The

scorpion and rat were placed under a glass cover, and for some time the scorpion

fenced about, tail over head, trying to get hold of the rat, but at a favourable moment

the rat dodged down and made a rush at the scorpion, bit the sting through the

middle, then placed its foot upon the scorpion, and began to pull off the legs at leisure.

In India it was the constant habit of rats to destroy scorpions, and he believed they

usually ate them; but in the case above described the scorpion was not eaten by the

rat.

Paper read.

The following paper was read :—“ Description of a New Species of Hestina,” by

Mr. A. G. Butler. The species, Hestina Zella, from India (?), was described as

ili

being an excellent mimic of Danais Juventa, and most nearly allied to H. Mena of

Moore.

February 15, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Election of Members.

Arthur Wynne Foot, Esq., M.D., of 21, Lower Pembroke Street, Dublin, was

elected an Annual Subscriber.

Exhibitions, §c.

Prof. Westwood exhibited two parasites on bats from Ceylon, both Diptera, a

Strebla and a Nycteribia, prepared for the microscope in Canada balsam, by

Mr. Staniforth Green, of Colombo. They were simply pressed between sheets of

paper, an aperture having been made for the escape of the fluid matter, and whilst

still moist were laid on the glass, and the balsam, heated over a spirit lamp and

poured on hot, filled up the interstices and made the preparation transparent.

Mr. Butler exhibited a liviug locust of the genus Conocephalus: it had been

received by Mr. Swanzy in London on the 2nd of February, and arrived on board a

ship from the West coast of Africa. A swarm of them covered the decks, being at first

green, but after about three days they became brown, probably from the absence of

green food: notwithstanding exposure for some days to a very heavy sea, many speci-

mens clung to the vessel and arrived in the Thames alive. The one exhibited had

taken nothing since its arrival but a little water, except on one occasion when it was

compelled to clean its face of some sugar which Mr. Butler placed on it.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a collection of honey bees from all parts of the world, and

solicited the loan of foreign species, the localities of which were known, to extend his

knowledge of their geographical distribution and assist him in the preparation of a

memoir on the honey bees supplementary to that published by him some few years ago

in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’: it was very desirable to obtain all

the sexes of all the species, as the workers alone did not offer sufficiently marked

characters to determine the identity or specific distinctness of many of the forms.

Among the bees exhibited there were, a queen of Apis mellifica which was with diffi-

culty to be distinguished from a worker; all the sexes of Apis Ligustica and fasciata

(the latter, in the opinion of Dr. Gerstacker was only a variety, but Mr. Smith thought

he could show its distinctness) ; the male and worker of A. Indica, sent by Mr. Atkin-

son, of Calcutta; a queen, sent by Mr. Lewis from Japan, very closely resembling the

common A. mellifica; specimens of A. nigrocincta (considered by Gerstacker to be a

variety of A. Indica); all the sexes of A, floralis, the smallest known honey bee (the

worker of which is the A. lobata of Smith); A dorsata, the largest and commonest in

India and the Eastern Archipelago (of which A. testacea was only a variety) ; and all

the sexes of a bee from the Cape of Good Hope which might be only A. Ligustica, but

was considerably larger. Mr. Smith also exhibited pieces of the comb of various

species; the worker cells of the above-mentioned bee from the Cape were one-tenth

smaller than those of A. mellifica, ten of the former being equal to nine of the latter ;

the cells of A. Indica were still smaller than those from the Cape; the combs of A.

floralis, like those of A. dorsata, were attached to branches of trees; lastly, there were

some cells of A. dorsata, made of the same material as the fest, but an inch and a half

in depth, which Mr. Smith supposed to be honey-cells.

Mr. Druce exhibited a collection of butterflies from Nicaragua, brought to this

country by Mr. Thomas Belt. Amongst them was a Papilio, near to P. Sesostris;

aud a series of Heliconiide representing four genera, but which looked like one species,

the whole of them being found flying together. Ten or twelve new species had been

obtained by Mr. Hewitson out of Mr. Belt’s collection.

The President had obtained some handsome new species of Coleoptera, also from

Mr. Belt, the scene of whose operations was the neighbourhood of the Chontales

mines. Nicaragua was divided in the middle, the Atlantic side being forest, the

Pacific side savannah and open grass-land; Chontales lay on the edge of the Atlantic

belt of forest, and in consequence of the development of the mines there had been

considerable felling of timber, and most of Mr. Belt’s Coleoptera were brought to him

by the wood-cutters: there were some very fine forms of Stenaspis, Colobothea,

Amphionycha, Oncideres, Anisocerus, &c., &c., and it seemed as if the tropical types

culminated in size and beauty in Nicaragua. So far as American Coleoptera were

concerned (though he could not say that he had observed the same thing in other

Orders), it seemed that at and near the Equator the species were comparatively dull in

colour, but brighter hues were assumed both in the North and South tropics.

Mr. A. R. Wallace thonght this held good in the East also. The beetles of Borneo

were generally dull in colour, whilst more brilliant furms were found both in Ceylon

and China, in Java and Australia. The excessive uniformity in the character of the

vegetation was perhaps the cause of the prevailing dullness of the beetles found within

the equatorial belt.

By an unanimous vote the Secretary was requested to express to the Rev. T. A.

Marshall, on behalf of the Members of the Society, their sympathy and condolence

with him on the recent loss, through the foundering of a ship between Milford Haven

and Barnstaple, of the whole of his library and manuscripts and collection of insects.

The destruction of his minute British Hymenoptera belonging to groups but little

studied, and of the types of species characterized by Mr. Marshall, was more than

a private misfortune, and was an irreparable loss to Science.

Paper read.

The following paper was read :—‘ Description of a new Genus and Species of

Prionide,” by Mr. Edmund Thomas Higgins.

The new form was named Ommatomenus sericatus, was allied to Tithoes and

Dorycera, and was described as connecting the Acanthophorus group of the Old World

with the Derobrachus group of the New World. 1t was found near the mouth of the

Niger, and the Acanthophorus megalops of Mr. Adam White, from Fernando Po, was

indicated as belonging to the genus Ommatomenus.

March 1, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors:—

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 108; presented by the Society. ‘ Bullettino

della Societa Entomologica Italiana, Anno primo, Fascicolo I.; by the Society.

‘Coleopterologische Hefte, Part iv.; by the Editor, Baron E. von Harold. ‘ Bidrag

til Kundskab om Christianiafjordens Fauna, af Dr. Michael Sars; by the Author.

‘The Zoologist, for March; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Maga-

zine, for March; by the Editors.

Election of Member.

Charles Horne, Esq., of 3, Bernard Villas, Upper Norwood, was ballotted for, and

elected a Member.

Exhibitions, §c.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Heliothis armiger from the Isle of Wight, Java

and Australia. The insect had heen taken in Java by Dr. Horsfield; the Australian

specimens were captured by Dr. Madden.

Mr. W.C. Boyd exhibited dwarfs of Vanessa Urtice, Smerinthus Populi, Saturnia

Carpini and Pygera Bucephala, all bred in 1868, by Mr. Davis, of Waltham Cross,

and scarcely more than half the ordinary size of the species: this was attributed to

rapidity of development, owing to the heat of the summer.

Dr. Wallace exhibited a number of Bombyx Yamamai and their cocoons: during

last season he bred about fifty of them at Colchester, and found them to vary con-

siderably in colour: the moth was in the habit of performing summersaults and

manceuvres, like those of Cilix or Limacodes when netted. Also Bombyx Pernyi,

another oak-feeding species from China, of which he had received through the

Foreign Office a number of cocoons, from which the moths were hatching, and one

had laid about 270 eggs: he hoped to make some useful experiments with this

species, which like Bombyx Cynthia was double-brooded, but would probably be

found to require a dry climate and warm soil. Also English-bred specimens of the

American Saturnia Cecropia. Dr. Wallace made some remarks on the progress of

sericiculture in this country and the colonies: what was principally required was an

experiment on a large scale to test the commercial value of the product: with this

view a gentleman in Paris desired to purchase 500 Ibs. of cocoons, for which he was

willing to give 25d. per Ib.

Dr. Wallace also exhibited a moth which, on the 18th of January, 1869, he

observed on the window of his room; but, under the impression that it was a small

female of the common Emperor moth, left it undisturbed. On the 19th he noticed

that the antenne were pectinate, aud thinking it still to be a female Saturnia Carpini

with the antenne ofa male, he killed it and set it out. Closer examination showed

that it was not an Emperor moth at all, and he at length bethought him of a parcel

of cocoons, which he had received in 1867 from Dr. Hooker, of a Chinese Bombyx

which was said to yield the “ gut” of fishermen. (See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. civ.).

On looking at the cocoons, none of which were productive during 1868, it was found

one of them had hatched, and there was unmistakeable evidence of the recent

emergence of a muth from the pupa: he had no doubt the moth exhibited was the

produce of that pupa. Mr. F. Moore recognized the species as Saturnia pyretorum

(Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 49, pl. 24, fig. 2).

Dr. Wallace mentioned that he had availed himself of the sample or pattern post

for the transmission of boxes of silk-worms or their eggs: so long as there was an

aperture at.each end of the box, which apertures might be covered with perforated

zine or other material, but left it ascertainable that there was no letter enclosed, no

objection was raised by the Post-Office authorities; and he had lately sent a box by

post to Japan for eggs at a cost of 4s., which when it last came thence as a parcel had

cost 47s. Mr. Horne added that bird-skins were now frequently sent from India by

sample post.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited three male specimens of Dilar Hornei (Ent. Mo. Mag.

v. 239), a new species from India of a genus remarkable amongst the Neuroptera

for the possession of pectinate antenne.

Mr. Horne, by whom the species was brought to this country, said the insect was

not uncommon in North-West India, on the hill sides, amongst grass in damp places,

but not near water: the female had a long yellow-brown ovipositor shaped like a

scimitar, which, so far from looking flexible, had the appearance of being very stiff.

Mr. Horne exhibited sheets of the inner portion of the bark of Pinus longifolia,

which he had found useful in India as a substitute for cork: it was tolerably soft, and

the resin was not injurious to insects.

Prof. Westwood mentioned that in the previous month he had seen exhibited at

Oxford a full-grown larva of Lampyris noctiluca, which was distinctly luminous.

Mr. J. J. Weir exhibited a mass of larve of Tipula from Blackheath, where acres

of land were so infested that there seemed to be more larve than earth. In Greenwich

Park the grass was, at this early period, almost destroyed by them. Rooks, starlings

and sparrows appeared to be busy in the neighbourhood, but no diminution in the

number of the grubs was observable.

Mr. Bond mentioned that he had once known four hundred of these larve taken

out of the crop of a pheasant.

Papers read.

Mr. Charles O. Waterhouse read a paper “ On a new Genus and some new Species

of Coleoptera belonging to the Family Lucanide.”

Mr. J. Jenner Weir read a paper “On Insects and Insectivorous Birds, and

especially on the Relation between the Colour and the Edibility of Lepidoptera and

their Larve.”

Mr. A. G. Butler read a paper “ On some Caterpillars, &c., which are unpalatable

to their Enemies.”

Mr. Weir’s experiments were suggested by the remarks of Mr. Alfred R. Wallace,

reported in Proc, Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 1xxx.: the conclusions at which he arrived were,

that, as a rule, hairy and spinous larve were rejected by birds (unless the cuckoo were

an exception); but he doubted whether the mechanical difficulty of swallowing them

was the cause of their rejection, and rather thought that the hairs were the con-

comitant of a disagreeable quality of which they acted as an indicator; that bright

and gaily-coloured larva, were, as a rule, refused ; but that smooth larve of a greenish

or dull brown colour, such as are for the most part nocturnal in their habits, and those

Vil

which simulate the leaves or twigs of trees upon which they live, were eaten with

avidity.

Mr. Butler’s observations were on the consumption or rejection of larve by lizards,

frogs and spiders; both lizards and frogs would eat hairy larve; and even the stings

of bees had no deterrent effect upon a lizard.

These two papers led to a prolonged conversation, in which the President,

Mr. Hore, Mr. A. R. Wallace, Mr. Butler, Mr. M‘Lachlan and Dr. Wallace, took

part.

Mr. Horne said that in India lizards were almost omnivorous, and ate bees with

avidity; a friend of his, Colonel Ramsay, had hives of Apis dorsata placed near some

stone walls or terraces, which were a favourite resort of lizards; they would come to

the mouths of the hives, lie in wait for the bees, and take them, sting and all. Larve

of all sorts, smooth or hairy, dull or bright, were eaten by lizards; but scorpions were

rejected ; bears, however, would eat scorpions, and he had seen bears turn over stones

in search of scorpions, and eat them regardless of their stings. He had noticed that

a common Indian species of Carabus, and all the blister-beetles, seemed to be free

from attacks of any animal.

Dr. Wallace said that the larve of Bombyx Cynthia, which were both gaily

coloured and covered with tubercles, were eaten by cuckoos, robins and tumtits: the

two latter made holes in the skin and took out the inside, whilst the cuckoos swallowed

the larve whole.

Mr. Alfred R. Wallace was pleased to find that the observations of Mr. Weir went

so far to support the theory which, reasoning entirely from the analogy of what had

been observed in the Heliconiide, he had ventured to suggest in answer to a question

of Mr. Darwin’s. He thought there was now a solid foundation of fact for the hypo-

thesis that the bright colour of larve was protective, and was (as it were) a flag hung

out to warn off their enemies. Doubtless every detail either of form or colour had its

object and bearing upon the history of the creature. It was not necessary that the law

should be absolute or the rule universal; he did not expect to find, on the contrary he

should have been surprised if it had been found, that adl brightly coloured larve were

peculiarly protected, or that the bright colour of any particular larva protected it from

all enemies; if it thereby obtained protection from a single enemy, if it was left

exposed to the attack of but one enemy less than its neighbours, to that extent at

least the colour gave it an advantage; the theory of protective warning supplied the

reason for, and afforded a rational explanation of, the gay colouring, which in the

case of larve could not be accounted for by sexual selection.

March 15, 1869.

H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Election of Member.

H. Grose Smith, Esq., of Surbiton, was ballotted for, and elected a Member.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Frederick Smith exhibited specimens of Colletes cunicularia, a bee new to this

country: they had been sent to him by Mr. Nicholas Cooke, by whose son, Mr. Isaac

Vill

Cooke, they were captured in the Isle of Wight, between Ventnor and Niton, in May,

1867; four males and five females were taken. It is the largest European species of

Colletes, and is the C. hirta of Continental authors, which name, however, must give

place to cunicularia of Linnzus, the type of which is extant in the Linnean collection.

Mr, M‘Lachlan exhibited a gigantic species of Ephemeride, about three inches in

expanse of wings. It had been received by Mr. Salvin, from Veragua; and was pro-

bably the Palingenia Hecuba of Dr. Hagen. ;

Mr. Butler exhibited varieties of several butterflies, captured by him in Switzerland,

chiefly in the neighbourhood of Chamounix, in July and August, 1868. There were—

(1) Anthocharis Cardamines, with the black spot on the fore-wings very small, the

black edging confined to the tip of the wing, and the orange colour extending con-

siderably within the black spot—this seemed to be the normal type of the insect in

Switzerland; (2) Colias Edusa, remarkable for its large size; (3) Epinephele Janira,

one specimen very dark, another very light in colour—the former was the common

type in Switzerland ; (4) Argynnis Aglaia, with the hind-wings almost entirely black,

and the silvery spots on the under side covering the basal and apical parts of the wing ;

(5) Melitea Athalia, four varieties, varying from almost entirely black to almost

entirely fulvous; and (6) Parnassius Apollo, with small pale ocelli, the ordinary pink

markings being pale yellow. Mr. Butler added that Leucophasia Sinapis, the “ wood

white” as we term it, was common all over Switzerland, not in woods, but in the

neighbourhood of water.

Mr. Stainton, who had just returned from Italy, made some remarks on the different

habits of the same species in different localities; for instance, at Cannes, Mentone,

and other places in the South of Europe, Pyrameis Atalanta was the commonest hyber-

nating butterfly. The species was to be seen everywhere, whilst in this country a

hybernated specimen was never seen before April, and rarely before the time when the

hawthorn is in blossom.

Mr. Hewitson sent for exhibition a number of butterflies collected in Nicaragua by

Mr. Belt; there were twelve species new to Science, and several others which were not

previously in Mr. Hewitson’s cabinet. The Papilio mentioned at the Meeting of 15th

February (ante, p. iv.) was believed to be the female of P. Children, a species dis-

tinct from P. Sesostris.

Mr. Hewitson also sent for exhibition two new species of Papilio, from Ecuador,

whence they were received by Mr. James Backhouse. As an incident of collecting in

Ecuador, it might be mentioned that the captor and his mule were thrown over a

precipice together; the gentleman had his head cut and one of his arms broken, and

in this plight had to ride for seven days in search of a doctor.

The President exhibited seven forms of Papilio belonging to the Machaon group.

Mr. Christopher Ward had purchased the Japanese collection of butterflies from

the Paris Exhibition: it included Papilio Machaon and Xuthus, and a third

form, which proved to be the P. Xuthulus of Bremer, who described it as being

intermediate between the other two; it was first captured in Amoor-land, and

the captor took it for a hybrid beiween Machaon and Xuthus, until it was

noticed that its time of appearance was a month earlier than either of the

other species. For comparison with these Japanese forms, the President added

P. Zelicaon and Asterias, and two other American forms: he observed that in

Europe P. Machaon was very constant, and that the allied forms in America

NOY. 1, 1889.

exhibited, but slight variation from the same type; but in North-Eastern Asia

the group appeared to be more unstable, for although the true Machaon was there

found, it was associated with two other forms exhibiting greater divergency from the

typical form. This was another instance, analogous to what he had before recorded

respecting the Theonoe group of the genus Leptalis, in which a certain type of form

was found to be constant at the opposite ends of its area of distribution, but was liable

to variation in intermediate localities ; thus tending to show that the development or

manufacture of new species takes place, not necessarily over the whole range of dis-

tribution of the particular type, but only in limited areas of the total range, where and

when the particular circumstances are most favourable to variation.

A letter from Mr. H. L. Schrader was read by the Secretary; the writer described

some of his observations on species of C&iceticus, from which he inferred that those

species are viviparous.

Papers read.

The following papers were read:—“ Descriptions of two New Species of Papilio from

Ecuador,’ and “ Descriptions of six New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera from

Nicaragua;” by Mr. Hewitson.

* Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley (Coleoptera, Prionides).”

By the President.

‘“‘ Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in Europe and the adjoining

Countries ; with a Description of a New Species from Java.” By Mr. M‘Lachlan.

April 5, 1869.

H. W. Barzs, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ No. 109; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of

the Agricultural Society of England, 2nd Ser., vol. v., Part 1; by the Society.

‘Mittheilungen der Schweizerischea entomologischen Gesellschaft,’ vols. 1 and 23

by the Society. ‘Studien an Acariden,’ von Edouard Claparéde; by Sir John

Lubbock, Bart. ‘ Die Otiorhynchiden s. str. nach den morphologischen Verwandt-

schaftsverhaltnissen ihres Hautscelet’s vergleichend dargestellt, von Georg Seidlitz ;’

by the Author. ‘Report on the Culture of the Japanese Silkworm, Bombyx Yama-

mai, in 1867-8, in England, by Dr. Wallace; by the Author. ‘The Insect Hunter's

Year-Book for 1868, and ‘ The Zoologist’ for April; by the Editor, E. Newman, Esq.

‘The Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine’ for April; by the Editors.

The following addition by purchase was also announced :—Gemminger and Von

Harold, ‘ Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusyue descriptorum,’ Tom. iii.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a new genus of Diaperine from Espiritu Santo, in which the

horns on the head between or above the eyes, which distinguish many of the males of

Platydema, Diaperis, Hoplocephala, &c., were transferred to the apex of the prothorax ;

the female showed a slight approach to the same formation. Also species of the

European genera Apion, Attelabus, and Elleschus, recently discovered in Australia;

and several remarkable unpublished forms of Curculionide, among which were—a new

genus from Macassar allied to Oxycorynus, having the pronotum distinct from the

flanks of the prothorax, with its edges serrate ; a species from Batchian, with the base

of the prothorax prolonged into a slender spine extending backwards half the length

of the elytra; another from the same island without any claw-joint, its tarsi therefore

only three-jointed; a species allied to Catasarcus, with a single claw; a peculiar

globose form from Cape York, allied to Tragopus; a thick-set species from South

Africa, with the base of its prothorax ensconced in the elytra; a species from Para,

of doubtful affinity, with a distinct pronotum; &c.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a male specimen, from the Oxford Museum, of the

Panorpa from Java, which was described at the previous meeting by Mr. M‘Lachlan

as Panorpa nematogaster. Also specimens of Blatta melanocephala, which was found

very destructive in Orchid-houses, feeding on the buds or young shoots.

‘Mr. Druce exhibited two male specimens of Papilio Zalmoxis, of Hewitson, from

Old Calabar.

Mr. Bond exhibited Sciaphila communana, of Herrich-Scheffer, a moth new to

Britain, captured at Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire; also dried larve of Myelophila

cribrella, in situ, within the stems of thistles.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited several species of humble-bees with their respective

parasites or cuckoo-bees. Bombus subterraneus varied from yellow to entirely

black, and the parasite Apathus camprestis showed similar variations in colour;

the same was true of Bombus muscorum. Bombus terrestris was not liable to

variation, its parasite Apathus vestalis was also constant; the same was true of

Bombus lapidarius and Apathus rupestris, though the parasite in this case had dark

wings. Bombus pratorum was the only moss-building species which was infested by

a parasite, Apathus barbutellus, and this did not at all resemble the humble-bee.

The first idea that suggested itself was that the cuckoo-bee bore resemblance to the

worker of the humble-bee in order to gain access to the nest; but it was only in

the social species that the parasites resembled the humble-bees, and the parasite of

B. pratorum militated against the theory.

In the course of the conversation which ensued, it was suggested that an entry

might he effected into the nest of a solitary bee, in the absence of the true owner,

without disguise ; whilst in the case of a social species, of which some of the colony

would always be at home, the entry of an undisguised stranger would be detected.

And in reply to inquiries, it was elicited from Mr. Smith that the moss-building

Bombus pratorum was a placid bee, by the side of whose nest a person might sit with

impunity ; and hence it was to be inferred that this species, hy reason of its different

mental constitution, might more readily admit a stranger into its nest without oppo-

sition, whilst stratagem or deception was necessary to obtain access to the nests of

species less peaceably disposed.

Papers read.

The following Papers were read :-—

“« Descriptions of New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera.” By Mr. W. C. Hewitson.

‘“* Notes on Eastern Butterflies. By Mr. A. R. Wallace.

“ Descriptions of New Species of Phytophaga, belonging to the Families Cassidide

and Hispide.” By Mr. J.S. Baly.

*“‘ A Revision of the British Species of Homalota.” By Dr. Sharp. One hundred

and fifty-seven species were described, of which twenty-nine were new.

May 3, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ No. 110; presented by the Society. ‘ Journal of

the Quekett Microscopical Club, No.6; by the Club. ‘ Annales de la Société Lin-

néenne de Lyon, vol. xvi.; by the Society. ‘Verhandlungen der k. k. zool-bot.

Gesellschaft in Wien,’ vol. xviii., Parts 1 and 2; by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de la

Société Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou,; 1868, No. 2; by the Society. ‘ Beitrag

zur Keuntniss der Coleopteren-Fauna der Balearen,’ by Dr. Schaufuss. Hewitson’s

‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 70; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for May;

by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for May; by the Editors.

Election of Member.

Charles Owen Waterhouse, Esq., of the British Museum, was ballotted for, and

elected a Member.

Exhibitions, Sc.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a large collection of Coleoptera, sent from China by Mr.

Pullinger; and read an extract from a Report on the Coffee Plantations of India, to

the effect that the planters had not discovered any remedy for or preventive of the

ravages of the coffee-borer, Xylotrechus quadripes.

Mr. Dunning exhibited a specimen of the common Cetonia aurata, found in a

garden at New Cross on the 11th April; it was partly covered with earth, and appeared

to have just emerged from its underground hybernaculum, whence it had been pre-

maturely tempted by the first warmth of spring.

Mr. Butler mentioned that the Conocephalus from West Africa, which he exhibited

on the 15th February (ante, p. iii.) was still alive; he had kept it in a box on a mantel-

shelf at the British Museum, where it remained motionless unless disturbed, and had

not eaten anything whatever.

Prof. Westwood exhibited three species of Epyris and some other Hymenoptera

of doubtful position, having relations with the Proctotrupide, the Chrysidide, and

some of the Scoliide ; and a Calyoza from Port Natal, with pectinate antenne having

thirteen joints in both sexes; this was identical with an insect found in gum animé,

and described in Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. 56 (where the male was represented as having

only twelve joints to the anlenne).

Mr. Frederick Smith exhibited both sexes of Cynips, the male of which had at

last been detected by Mr. Walsh in America. The oak-apples on the black oak

(Quercus tinctoria) are first observed in May, and reach their full growth in a few

Xll

weeks ; by the middle of June, male and female gall-flies (Cynips quercus-spongifica,

Osten-Sacken) emerge from a small proportion of them, say one-fourth ; the remaining

three-fourths do not develop flies until the autumn, and then produce gall-flies

(C. q. aciculata) closely allied to, yet quite distinct from, those produced in June, and

out of thousands of the autumnal flies which were examined not ove was a male.

Mr. Walsh placed some of the autumnal form (C. q. aciculata) on oak-trees, and they

created galls, from some of which were obtained the spring form (C. q. spongifica),

whilst a few produced the autumnal form (C. q. aciculata), and all the latter were

females. These last again were placed on isolated oaks, galls were formed by their

puncturing, and from these the spring form (C. q. spongifica) was again obtained.

From which observations it was to be inferred that the two forms are not distinct

species, but dimorphous forms of the same species. From the red oak (Quercus

inanis) a different gall was obtained, smaller than the former, and the central cell not

woody: from these galls came male and female gall-flies (Cynips quercus-inanis,

Osten-Sacken), which were undistinguishable from the spring form of C.q. spongifica,

but no autumnal form of this fly had been discovered. Mr. Walsh felt himself com-

pelled to consider the flies distinct, because the galls were different and were obtained

from distinct species of oak; but the gall-flies were exactly alike. An account of |

Mr. Walsh’s observations had been given in “ The American Entomologist,” of which

Mr. Smith mentioned that, though 6000 copies were struck off, the early numbers

were already out of print.

Mr. Charles Horne stated the result of his observations in India on various insects,

as regards their liability to or freedom from the attacks of animals, birds, lizards, &c.

In corroboration of his previous statement (ante, p. vii.) he might mention that the

brown or yellow bear (Ursus isabellinus) was described by Dr. Jerdon as eating scor-

pions, insects, honey and fruit; the Himalayan black bear (U. Tibetanus) was very

fond of locusts, but with this exception did not affect insects; the black bear

(U. labiatus) was said to “suck the grubs of large Longicorns” in the Neilgherries,

having first dug them out of the soil, but this bear was not found among the hills of

the North-West Provinces, and Mr. Horne was vot personally acquainted with its

habits. Anthia quadrimaculata, all the species of Blaps, and all the observed Myla-

bride and Geotrupide, were refused by everything. A brightly coloured locust was

refused by birds and lizards; it exuded a yellow acrid juice with a pungent odour.

The wingless female Lampyride were not eaten, though perhaps the males might be.

Small round hard Coleoptera, and Mantispe, were refused by the Gecko lizards, which

were otherwise omnivorous. ‘Termites in all their stages, and migratory locusts, were

generally eaten by birds, frogs and lizards; even the smallest birds would take

locusts, as would also squirrels and mice. Hemiptera were generally refused. Man-

tide were freely eaten by birds. Merops viridis and other birds eat bees; the honey-

buzzard tears off the comb of bees aud wasps, and heedless of their stings sits and eats

the honey, wax, grubs, and all. Crows eat all visible caterpillars, but prefer smooth-

bodied ones. King-crows (Dicrurus) eat all insects on the wing; a large fat-bodied —

moth with red under-wings was a great favourite with them. Sparrows delight in the

Noctuide ; so do the hunting spiders, and Mr. Horne was at a loss to understand why

the spiders were not carried off by the moths. Most of the thrush tribe gobble up

almost indiscriminately every insect or caterpillar they find. Sparrows had been seen

to refuse cockroaches, but other birds would eat them. Most of the Blattide were

Xili

rejected by birds. The Ichneumonide appeared to enjoy immunity from the attacks of

birds, which Mr. Horne attributed chiefly to an acrid smell which most of them

emitted. He had seen Dytiscide taken by birds, and dropped from inability to eat

them. Tulide were totally rejected hy all animals and birds.

Mr. Horne also mentioned that he had once known a large spider (or rather

a Galeodes) killed by the sting of a wasp upon which he was feeding ; the Galeodes

finished his meal, but sickened and died shortly after. He inquired whether it was

from fear, or for the purpose of annoyance, that humble-bees eject fluid when disturbed ;

and mentioned a similar occurrence which he observed in a hornet at Benares: the

hornet was on a window, and, on being touched with a pencil, ejected a clear fluid

along the glass, in several lines of from one inch to two inches in length. Mr. Horne

also exhibited a sketch from nature of a moth and a hunting spider: the moth was at

rest on a small bamboo in a summer-bhouse, and the spider was quietly feeding upon

the moth; the question was, how did the spider catch and hold the moth, without

any disturbance of the latter? The moth must have been alive when the spider

seized him, for the spider would not have cared to suck a dead body.

Mr, M‘Lachlan had seen a Phalangium which bad captured, and held in captivity,

a Plusia Gamma under similar circumstances.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a white ant which had been brought in all its stages by

Mr. Melliss from St. Helena. (See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1863, p. 185; 1866, p. xii.) The

insect was said to bave been introduced into the island from the coast of Africa, but it

was not referable to any described African species; it had rather the appearance of a

West Indian or Brazilian species, and resembled the Termes tenuis of Dr. Hagen.

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited a number of black Podure, probably the same

species as that exhibited by Mr. G. S. Saunders (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. Ixxxv), the

Anura tuberculata of Templeton: the so-called “ blight” fell over a duck-pond and

farm-yard near Hungerford on the 10th April, and looked just as if a sack of soot had

been emptied out; it floated for some time on the pond, but soon disappeared from

the farm-yard. Mr. M‘Lachlan added that he had only that morning found a number

of small white Podure in his own house at Lewisham : some flowers were in a room,

one of the flower-pots had been removed, leaving a saucer containing water, on the

top of which the spring-tails were floating; but on returning two or three hours later

they were all drowned.

Prof. Westwood suggested that they must have passed from the flower-pot into the

water before the removal ofthe former; and Mr. Jenner Weir said that during the

present spring he had observed them on several occasions under flower-pots.

Papers read.

The following papers were read :—

“Notes on Eastern Butterflies,” (Continuation, on the genus Diadema) ; by Mr.

Alfred R. Wallace.

“ Descriptions of new or little-known Forms of Diurnal Lepidoptera;” by Mr.

A. G. Butler.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.

The first part of the “Transactions for 1869” (published in April) was on the

table.

XiV

June 7, 1869.

H. W. Barzs, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ No. 111; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceed-

ings of the Zoological Society, 1868, Part 3; by the Society. ‘Hore Societatis

Entomologice Rossice,’ Vol. vi., No. 2; by the Society. ‘ Berliner Entomologische

Zeitschrift, 1868, Parts 3,4,—1869, Parts 1,2; and ‘ Verzeichniss der Kafer Deutsch-

lands, von Dr. Kraatz; by the Entomological Society of Berlin. ‘ Illustrations of

Diurnal Lepidoptera, Part [V., Lycenide’; by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

H. de Saussure, ‘Reise der Oest. Fregatte Novara, Hymenoptera; ‘ Etudes sur

quelques Orthoptéres du Musée de Genéve ;’ ‘ Etudes sur l’Aile des Orthoptéres ;’

* Orthopterum Species nove aliquot ; ‘ Phasmidarum novorum Species nonnulle ;’ and

Prof. Yersin, ‘ Note sur la derniére Mue des Orthoptéres ;’ ‘ Note sur les Mues du

Grillon champétre;’ ‘ Note sur le Xiphidium brunneum;’ presented by Sir John

Lubbock. ‘The Zoologist,’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ The Entomologist’s Monthly

Magazine, for June; by the Editors.

The following addition by purchase was also announced :—‘ Récherches sur la Faune

de Madagascar: Insectes, par S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven et Baron Edm. de Sélys

Longchamps.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Druce exhibited a collection of butterflies from Borneo, containing several

novelties and rarities; amongst them a new Ornithoptera, a rare Charaxes, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two specimens of a new species of Tineina, bred from larve

sent by M. Milliére, who found them at Cannes on Osiris alba. The bushy tufted

palpi of the insect resembled those of Anarsia, and its habit was to sit with its head

depressed as if resting on the palpi; the markings of the wings were like Zelleria or

Swammerdamia. Mr. Stainton had seen the moth at Vienna and in other Continental

collections, but the discovery of its habits and transformations was due to M. Milliére,

who proposed to describe it under the name of Paradoxus (n. g.) Osiridellus.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited drawings of the larva and pupa-case of Gelechia

atrella, and was now able to corroborate the observation of Mr. Jeffrey (see Proc.

Ent. Soc. 1866, p. xxv.) that this species is a Hypericum feeder. At the previous

meeting of the Society, Mr. De Grey had given Mr. Stainton some Hypericum stems

containing larve, which had since produced Gelechia atrella; when full fed, the larva

cuts off the terminal portion of the stem, which appears to be slit up the side for the

purpose of flattening it, and by spinning together the edges it forms a flexible case,

within which it turns to the pupa.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a bee which he had found on the previous day at Southend,

in grass, so completely covered with larve of Meloe that it was impossible to deter-

mine the species of the bee until the greater part of the parasites had been removed ;

he did not remember to have ever found larve of Meloe so late in the season; there

were forty or fifty of them on the bee when exhibited, when captured there must have

been 300 or 400; the bee proved to be Melecta armata, itselfa parasite in the nests of

Anthophora.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited living specimens of Physonota gigantea, a remarkably

beautiful species of Cassidide, which however loses all its colour within two or three

days after death, indeed some of them had faded and become dull during life; they

were brought to Liverpool from Central America in a cargo of logwood, and were said

to have dropped out of the cracks of the wood.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a smooth corneous luminous larve from Uruguay, which >»,

he supposed to be a Pyrophorus. When placed in a dark room, the head appeared z

bright red, and each side showed ten bright green spots; the lateral spots were almost 7

always visible (in the dark), the red only occasionally, and sometimes would remain in- a

visible for ten minutes together ; the colours were so intense that Mr. Smith compared _ .~

them to the red and green sigual-lamps of a railway train. It was said by the sender :

to be capable of living for two or three months without food, if placed in earth which

was kept damp and occasionally changed.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a beetle * brought by Mr. Du Boulay from West Australia,

which possessed a very peculiar formation of the elytra with remarkable elevations on

the hind part thereof, and which seemed intermediate between Hister and Claviger.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings of two new species of the Ectrephes of Pascve

(Proc. Ent. Soc. 1866, p. xvi. = Anapestus of King, in Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W.

for the same year), which genus he now considered to be a strangely modified form of

Ptinide ; and of some other forms (Polyplocotes, n. g., &c.) which connected Ectre-

phes and Ptinus. Also, a new Articerus, a new Paussus, &c.

The Seeretary read a letter from the Secretary of the Flax Improvement Associ-

ation of Belfast, respecting the damage done by a small beetle to the flax crop,

especially whilst the plant was in the seed-leaf. ‘The species was determined by Mr.

Janson to be the Thyamis parvula of Paykull.

Papers read.

The following papers were read :—

“Notes on Eastern Butterfles” (continuation, Eurytelide and Libytheide) ; by

Mr. Alfred R. Wallace.

“ Observations on Lucanoid Coleoptera ; with Remarks on some new Species, and

on the present Nomenclature ; accompanied by a Revised Catalogue of the Species,”

by Major Parry. (First Part).

“ Remarks on the Genus Ectrephes, and Descriptions of new Exotic Coleoptera,”

by Prof. Westwood.

“ Notes on Chalcidide ; and description of a new Species of Megastigmus,” by

Mr. Francis Walker.

‘* Descriptions of new Species of the Genus Pison; and a Synonymic List of those

previously described,” by Mr. Frederick Smith.

‘“* Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Exotic Hymenoptera,’ by Mr.

F. Smith.

New Part of * Transactions.’

The second part of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1869 (published in May) was on the

table.

* The Chlamydopsts striatella of Westwood, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 318.

xvi

July 5, 1869.

Freperick Situ, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘Transactions of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. xxvi., Pt.35; presented by the Society.

* Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1869, Nos. 1—6; by the Eutom. Sve. of Stettin.

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 112; by the Society. Butler's ‘ Lepidoptera

Exotica,’ Pt. 1; by E. W. Janson, Esq. ‘ Descriptions of new Genera and Species of

Tenebrionide from Australia and Tasmania, by F. P. Pascve; by the Author. ‘The

Zovlogist, for July; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ for

July; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were also announced :—Thomson, ‘ Skandi-

naviens Coleoptera, Vol. ix. Gemminger and von Harold, ‘ Catalogus Coleopterorum,’

Vol. iv.

Election of Member.

Albert Miller, Esq., of Eton Villa, Sunny Bank Road, South Norwood, was

ballotted for and elected a Member.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited a gigantic tick, nearly an inch in length, and half

an inch in breadth: it was found on a Greek tortoise.

Mr. Colvile Barclay (who was present as a Visitor) gave an account of the damage

done to the sugar cane in Mauritius by a species of Coccus, the “ pou a poche blanche,”

or “ pou blanc.” See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1864, pp. 25, 51.

Mr. Frederick Smith exhibited drawings of the luminous larva shown at the

previous Meeting (ante, p. xv.), and supposed to be a Pyrophorus. Dr. Candéze and

«, Prof. Schiddte (who was present as a Visitor) were both of opinion that the larva

belonged to the Elateride, and were equally of opinion that. Mr. Andrew Murray’s

Astraptor illuminator (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. x., p. 74, pl. i.) was not an Elater.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a living male of the field cricket, Acheta campestris,

found near Farnham ; and remarked that though he required to be placed in the sun

to make him begin his song, moisture seemed to give him an additional stimulus and

made him sing the louder.

Mr. F. Smith also exhibited specimens, some of them alive, of Pissodes notatus,

from Bournemouth, showing great variation in size.

Mr. Pryer exhibited a specimen of Eupithecia togata, taken in the previous month ;

the occurrence of the species in this country had not been recorded for some years.

The locality was not stated. ‘Mr. Dunning mentioned that he had taken the insect at

Brandon, Suffolk, in 1849.

The Hon. T. De Grey exhibited three specimens of Cosmopteryx orichalcea, from

Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire; and six of what Prof. Zeller held to be a dark variety

of Carpocapsa Juliana, though they were (part of a larger number) bred from beech

in April.

Mr. Wakefield (who was present as a Visitor) stated the result of his entomological

experience in New Zealand, apologising for the scantiness of his information on the

XVil

ground that the whole of his collections had perished in the burning of the ship

“ Blue Jacket.” As in mammals and birds, so in insects, there seemed a paucity both

of species and specimens, and a poverty of appearance about the few that did occur.

Mr. Fereday had not been able to get together more than fourteen or fifteen species of

butterflies, and 250 of moths. Mr. Wakefield himself had obtained perhaps 120

species of Coleoptera, thirty or forty of Hymenoptera, and about 150 of Diptera. There

was generally a close similarity to British species, but usually of an impoverished and

inferior type. He had taken a clear-wing moth which he believed to be absolutely

identical with Trochilium tipuliforme, but this species had probably been imported

into New Zealand with currant bushes.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. C. A. Wilson, Corresponding Member, dated

“ Adelaide, 21st April, 1869.” The following are extracts :—

“ MyrRMELEONIDEZ.—We have had for some years past about seven known species

of Myrmeleon and the same number of Ascalaphus, with few exceptions all found near

Adelaide, though the greater part in each genus are very rare or scarce in individuals.

These have long, doubtless, been named in English Museums, but we have uot the

names out here. All these insects are very fond of settling on the wire fences now

used with post and rail all over the country for fencing ; the size of the wire seeming

to suit the grasp of their feet as well or better than a twig might do, and where they

can rest undisturbed either by adjacent twigs or the motion of the object grasped. The

species of Myrmeleonidz lie with all their limbs flat along the wires, looking at a

little distance merely like a gradual thickening and then decreasing of the metal,

acting with their motionless habits and grayish colour quite as a passive means of

defence by deception, one of the many ways in our insect world out here, in which

they have “ protective resemblances.” Our common Ascalaphus while on the wing

flies like the Myrmeleons, heavily or lazily, and soon settles, but places itself in a

very different attitade,—it may be also a deceiving one: after the legs are arranged,

its antenve are stuck out straight before it, the knobs resting on or a little raised from

the wire, but the abdomen is raised pointing upwards at an angle of 45°. All that I

have seen in this position (as many as nine in a day) seem to have been females. The

morning is the best time to see them, as, if the wires afterwards become hot in the

December sun, the AscaJaphi soon disappear; they are also quite motionless in this

singular position, but apparently on the watch, as they can mostly, though not always

be taken by a guarded motion of finger and thumb.

** Mason Wasps.—Fn the month of December I took my usual annual walk to a

celebrated insect locality in the Mount Lofty range of hills N.E. of Adelaide, about

six miles up a gully called Stewart's Gully......‘Whiz’ came by a wasp with

purple and yellow body [specimen enclosed ; pronounced by Mr. Frederick Smith to be

Paragia tricolor]. 1t hovered over the ground for a few minutes, and then went

prone to earth and disappeared ; on looking about I found a little chimney made of

earth, down which the wasp had evidently gone: this structure was about half an inch

in height and one-third of an inch in the diameter of its opening at the top, straight

down the sides, and placed over a hole of the same size. With slight pressure, and

without breaking it, I removed the chimney; and then its use became apparent, for,

moved by the “ gully breezes,” little stones and bits of leaf came rolling down the

incline, and several tumbled into the unprotected hole. I watched for a few minutes,

but the tenant did not come out; and as J turned away, up flew another wasp of the

XVill

same species, and at once went down another chimney but a few feet off, and which,

from its similarity to the earth and stones around, I only discovered by this means.

Presently a louder whizzing noise, and swiftly came two more wasps together: one

of these seemed frightened and flew off for a time, but the other made great sweeps to

and fro; I observed the object aimed at, and quickly removed the little structure

before the builder in one of its curves came round again,—then, without hesitation,

pausing, or being puzzled, it went directly down the uncovered hole, I must say much

to my surprise. I likewise took the chimney of a fifth wasp (which came soon after-

wards), after it had gone below. These little buildings were all removed entire, but

easily broke afterwards, having no hold on anything and the sides being very thin ;

meantime the first seen wasp had emerged from its cell, as it now returned and went

below a second time. I did not observe that any of these (I concluded all to be

females) carried any caterpillars or other food to their young (if any) in these subter-

ranean dwellings,—perhaps the eggs were not laid or the young yet emerged: all

these five domiciles were within a few feet of each other, and full six feet from the last

was a sixth chimney, but the owner was not visible. These insects can, therefore,

hardly be called gregarious, but had (as in the case of the holes made by the females

of several of our Mutillide) merely placed their dwellings thus contiguous, the situ-

ation being most suitable, and perhaps from a little desire for companionship: these

holes might also serve in future seasons for the young broods, and increase in

numbers.”

Papers read.

The following papers were read :—

“ Notes on Eastern Butterflies” (continuation); by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace.

“ On the Australian Species of Tetracha;” by Mr. Edwin Brown.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part 3 of the “ Transactions for 1869,” containing the conclusion of Dr. Sharp’s

Revision of the British Species of Homalota, published in June, was on the table.

X1X

November 1, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Nos. 113, 114; ‘ Journal of the Linnean Society,

Zoology, No. 46, and ‘ Proceedings,’ 1868-69; ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’

1869, pt. 1; * Journal of the Agricultural Society,’ ser. 2, vol. v. pt. 2; ‘ Annales de la

Société Entomologique de France, 1869, pt. 1; ‘Annales de la Société Entomologique

de Belgique,’ vols. i.—xii.; ‘ Mémoires de la Société de Physique, &c., de Genéve,

vol. xx. pt. 1; ‘Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft,’

vol. iii. Nos. 1, 2; ‘ Bulletino della Societa) Entomologica Italiana,’ vol. i. pt. 3;

‘Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1868, No. 3; ‘Transactions of

the American Entomological Society,’ vol. ii. Nos. 1,2; ‘Memoirs read before the

Boston Society of Natural History,’ vol. 1, pt. 4, and ‘ Proceedings,’ vol. xii. Nos. 1—

17; ‘ Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Sciences,’ vol. i. No. 1; presented by the

several Societies. ‘Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for 1867 ;’ by the

United States Government. ‘ Record of American Entomology for 1868;’ by the

Editor, Dr. Packard. ‘ List of the Lepidoptera of North America,’ pt.1, by A. R.

Grote and C. T. Robinson; by the Authors. ‘ Entomological Notes, Nos. 1, 2;

‘Supplement to a List of the Butterflies of New England;’ ‘Check List of the

Butterflies of New England;’ ‘ Notes on the Stridulation of some New England

Orthoptera;’ and ‘Catalogue of the Orthoptera of North America described

previous to 1867, by Samuel H. Scudder; by the Author. ‘ Entomological

Correspondence of T. W. Harris,’ edited by 8S. H. Scudder; by the Editor. ‘ The

Canadian Entomologist, vol. i.; ‘ Betrachtungen uber die Verwandlung der Insekten

im Sinne der Descendenz-Theéorie,’ von F. Brauer; ‘ Notes sur les Neuroptéres de

Mingrélie, par le Baron de Selys Longchamps, et par R. M‘Lachlan; by R.

M‘Lachlan, Esq. ‘Coleopterologische Helte, No. 5; by the Editor. ‘Sepp, Neder-

landsche Inscten,’ vol. ii. Nos. 17—38; by M. Snellen van Vollenhoven. ‘ Synopsis

des Scolytides, by the Author, Dr. Chapuis. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,’ Parts 71, 72; by

W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ Lepidoptera Exotica, pt.2; and ‘ Cistula Entomologiea,’

pt. 1; by E. W. Janson, Esq. ‘ Descriptions of some New Species of Lamiide,’ by

the Author, F. P. Pascoe, Esq. ‘Considerations on the Neuropterous genus Chau-

liodes and its allies ;’ by the Author, R. M‘Lachlan, Esq. ‘ On the Ailanthus-feeding

Silkworm ;’ by the Author, W. F. Kirby, Esy. Three Tracts by the Baron de Chau-

doir; seven by Prof. Ballion ; and twenty-two Tracts by M. H. Lucas; presented by

the Authors respectively. ‘The Zoologist, August to November; by the Editor.

‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ August to November; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were announced :— Beschreibung euro-

paischen Dipteren, von Hermann Loew; erster Band. ‘ Bericht der Entomologie

wahrend der Jahre 1865 und 1866,’ von Dr. A. Gerstaecker ; zweite Halfte.

Exhibitions, §c.

Mr. Janson, on behalf of Dr. Power, exhibited the following seven species of

Coleoptera, all new to the British list:—(1) Triarthron Maerkelii, Schmidt, taken

near Esher, 23rd July, 1869 (also taken by Mr. Oliver Janson, at Shirley, on the

7th August); (2) Silvanus similis, Hrichson, at Esher, 4th August, by sweeping ;

(3) Niptus gonospermi, Duval, twelve or fourteen specimens taken by Mr. J. B. Syme

on an old wall in the Orkneys; (4) Bruchus lentis, Boheman, at Birch Wood in May,

and Gravesend in June; (5) B. nigripes, Gyllenhal (which in Kraatz’s new Catalogue

is said to be B. vicie, Oliv.), at Devil’s Dyke, Brighton, in May; (6) B. nubilus,

Boheman, near Surbiton and at Gravesend, in June (this in the Stettin Catalogue is

said to be B. luteicornis, but in Kraatz’s new Catalogue it is made a distinct species;

it differs much in the furm of the thorax, markings, size, &c., and is more like B. semi-

narius); (7) B. canus, Germar, at Gravesend, in June (this in the Stettin Catalogue

is made identical with B. cisti, Fabr., but it differs from ordinary specimens of that

species in the shape of the thorax, length of antenne, more elongate form, and peculiar

gray colour; it is more like B. loti: a specimen in the European collection of the

British Museum, named by Germar and deposited by Walton, agrees exactly with the

Gravesend specimens). All these four species of Bruchus were found in essentially

wild places, far removed from granaries or depositories of leguminous seeds, and were

all taken fortuitously by sweeping. And lastly, Phratora cavifrons, Thomson, taken at

Ksher in June, also at Cowley and Darenth, on poplars: introduced into the British

list by Dr. Sharp, in Ent. Mo. Mag. v. 100.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited Meloe rugosus of Marsham (= autumnalis of Leach,

punctatus of Stephens), a species not captured for the last thirty years, but formerly

taken, according to Stephens, near Margate. About three weeks previously Mr. Smith,

being near Prittlewell, Essex, went to the nest of a species of Anthophora, in which

M. proscarabeus and other species are usually found, and by accident came upon a

couple of dozen specimens of M. rugosus among grass in the neighbourhood of the

vest, crawling about at the roots: he hoped to have kept them alive, but on the

second day of their captivity an indiscriminate fight was commenced, in which both

sexes joined; only four escaped mutilation, all the rest losing legs and antenne and

being reduced to fragments: the abdomen of each of the females was afterwards

opened, and it appeared that with one exception all had deposited their eggs, which

rendered their pugnacity still more remarkable. A subsequent visit to the same

locality yielded five more specimens of the beetle. It was observable that this made

the fourth species of Meloe found in the nest of the same kind of bee.

Mr. Grut exhibited some Culeoptera captured by M. Théophile Deyrolle near Trebi-

zonde, including four new species of Carabus, C. robustus, C. ponticus, C. Theophili,

and C. Gilnickii.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited the transformations of Mantispa pagana, which had

been discovered by Dr. Brauer, of Vienna. The species was parasitic in the nest of a

spider (Lycosa): the yonng larve were of the ordinary Neuropterous type, but when

nearly full grown their legs almost disappeared, and the larve were reduced to almost

footless maggots: the pupa was enclosed in a cocoon, aud was of the ordinary

Neuropterous form, like the Hemerobiide, to which doubtless the Mantispide were

closely allied. Now that the habit of one species had been detected, it might be

anticipated that the whole genus Mantispa would prove to be parasitic on spiders ;

the eggs were probably laid in the egg-bag of the spider, and the larve would feed on

the young spiders, or perhaps in their early stage on the eggs.

Mr, Albert Miller exhibited a large number of galls on various plants, and called

XXi

particular attention to two kinds of excrescence on the leaf-stalk of the maple (Acer

campestre), described in the following note :—

‘* Firstly. A Dipterons gall formed by a slender, club-like, reddish swelling of the

petiole, sometimes in its middle, sometimes at its junction with the leaf; cell one,

occupying the whole length of the gall, and tenanted by the white larva of a Dipteron

as yet unknown to me, but which I am certain is not a Cecidomyia. In September,

1868, and again in the same month this year, I met with this gall on the identical

maple-bush in a hedge-row near Shirley, but until now all my attempts at rearing the

fly have utterly failed.

*“* Secondly. Also on the petiole of the maple-leaf, a series of spur-like, solid red

excrescences, Standing in a row, each about halfa line high. These 1 am inclined

to attribute to the same Acarus aceris of Kaltenbach which causes the well-known

pear-shaped red galls on the leaves of this tree. But whether this be so or not, it is at

any rate worth while to point out, that insect agency can produce, on thornless plants,

excrescences closely resembling, or perhaps identical with, the natural thorns so

commonly met with in other groups of the vegetable kingdom.”

Mr. Miller mentioned that the collection of galls formed by the late Mr. Wilson

Armistead had been placed in the Museum of the Leeds Philosophical Society.

Mr. Cutter (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Christopher

Ward, several Diurnal Lepidoptera, including the female of Ornithoptera Brookeana,

various species of Charaxes, Papilio Zalmoxis, and a specimen of Papilio Antimachus,

captured one hundred and fifty or two hundred miles inland from Old Calabar. Of

this gigantic and remarkable butterfly the only example hitherto known was collected

by Smeathman for Drury a century ago, was figured by Drury and by Donovan, and

was finally taken with Drury’s collection to Australia by William Sharp Macleay.

Mr. Butler corrected an error in his paper (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 273), where it is

stated that Argynnis Aglaia and Niobe show every sign of being one and the same

species; for Aglaia read Adippe. And as to the occurrence of the form Niobe in

Britain, see Newman’s ‘ Entomologist,’ iv. 351.

Mr. Wormald exhibited a small box of butterflies sent from Shanghai by

Mr. W. B. Pryer. Amongst them were Argynnis Midas, and a beautiful species of

Anthocharis with falcate wings, apparently identical with the Japanese A. Scolymus.

Mr. Danning exhibited half a dozen moths bred and sent by Mr. E. Holdsworth,

of Shanghai. One was Heterusia remota (Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. p. 431), the

larve of which were found by Mr. Holdsworth in great numbers at Van Vun, about

six miles west of Soochow: the cocoon was described as “ of very white colour, and of

a very paper-like nature.” The other specimens were the subject of the following

extract :—

“The specimens of a Bombyx have been reared by myself, from larve found

feeding upon pine and dwarf oak at the hills near Van Vun. The larve when found

were full grown, and huudreds of them had already spun their cocoons amongst the

needles of the pine trees, and so plentiful were they that every tree bad three or four

cocoons on it. The following is a description of the larva as it appeared shortly before

spinning its cocoon. Body.—Ground colour black or dark brown, covered with very

short lightish brown hairs, having a lighter shade towards the sides; down the back

two lines of small tufts of hair, half black and half white, placed on each segment; along

XXil

the sides, tufts of fine hair, bushy at the base and of a lighter shade there, almost

white, the hair getting gradually longer towards the head, where it is fully one-fourth

of an inch long; round the head a fringe of short lizht brownish hair; on the second

and third segments are two tufts of hair, reaching across the back from side to side,

the front half of a deep velvetty red-brown colour, the rear half white; on the sides of

the first, second and third segments are small brown tubercles. Head.—Large, round,

with flat front. £egs:—Red-brown, the pro-legs reddish brown of velvetty appearance,

the two last legs (anal segment) formed like a lappet. The larve were found in the

first week in May, and spun up immediately after; the moths came out in the last

week in May.”

The five specimens had been examined by Mr. F. Moore, and after comparison

with the British Museum collection were returned to Mr. Dunning with the following

names :—(1) a female specimen, Oeona punctata (Walker, Cat. &c., p. 1418), and two

males, probably of the same; (2) a female, Lasiocampa remota (Walker, Cat. &c.,

p. 1489); and (3) a male, Lebeda hebes? (Walker, Cat. &c., p. 1462). It remains to

be ascertained whether Mr. Holdsworth confounded distinct kinds of larve, or whether

Mr. Walker in the same volume described one species under three different names

and as belonging to three different genera.

The President exhibited a coloured drawing of a large larva, found by Mr. Henry

Birchail on the trunk of an Avocado pear tree in the province of Mariquita, New

Granada, the whole appearance of which closely simulated that of one of the most

poisonous snakes of the country, the anterior segments being dilated and having

a large pupillate spot on either side representing the eye of the snake. The moth was

not reared, but it was doubtless a Cherocampa. The President had already recorded

the occurrence of a similar snake-like larva in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 509.

Mr. Fry mentioned that he too had seen in Brazil larve resembling snakes of the

country.

Prof. Westwood read the following note by Prof. Stal, of Stockholm, on the

entomological collections existing in Sweden, which contain the type specimens of

Swedish authors :—

“‘At the Museum of Stockholm we have the following type collections of

insects—

(1) The collection of De Geer (types to his ‘ Mémoires’).

(2) The types to Paykull’s Monogr. Histeridum.

(3) , Paykull’s Fauna Suecica.

(4) » Paykull’s Monogr. Stapbylinorum.

(5) FS Fallén’s Diptera Sueciz.

(6) s Schonherr’s Gen. et Spec. Curculionidnm.

(7) 55 Schonherr’s Synonymia [nsectorum (the species described from

Schonherr’s collection).

(8) The types of the species which Gyllenhal described in Insecta Suecica from

Schonher’s collection.

(9) Types of Dalman.

(10) 3 Fries. :

(11) 4 the species which Billberg described in Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci.

Upsal. vii. 272.

XXlil

(12) Types of Billberg to the species described in Monogr. Mylabridum from

Schonherr’s collection.

(13) Types of a number of species described in Sahlberg’s Nov. Ins. Species from

Schonherr’s collection.

(14) Types of Boheman.

Gp! i: Stal

(16) a Holmgren’s Ichneumonide.

(17) a Thomson’s Proctotrupide.

(18) - Wallengren’s Lepidoptera.

“OF these the types of De Geer, Paykull, Fallén, Schénherr, Billberg, and

Sahlberg, and the types of Dalman which were described from Schénherr’s collection,

are separated from the chief collections of the Museum.

“In Stockholm are also the types of the species described in the ‘ Voyage of the

Eugenie, and in the various papers on South African insects collected by Wahlberg.

“In Upsala are the following collections—

(1) The types to Linné’s Museum Ludovice Ulrice.

(2) The collection of Thunberg.

(3) The collections of Gyllenhal (containing the types to his Insecta Suecica, and

various types to Schonherr’s Synonymia Insectorum).

“Tn Lund there are

(1) The collections of Zetterstedt.

(2) of Dahlbom.

(3) re of Thomson.

(4) a of Ljungh.

“Thomson’s collection is private: the others belong to the University.

“These are, I think, all the collections in Sweden containing types of Swedish

authors.”

Prof. Westwood added that at Copenhagen the collections of Westermann are

preserved intact in a special room of the Museum.

Paper read.

Mr. W. F. Kirby communicated a paper “ On the Diurnal Lepidoptera described

in Gmelin’s edition of the Systema Nature.”

New Parts of * Transactions.

Part 4 of the ‘Transactions for 1869’ (published in July), and Trans. Ent. Soc.

3rd ser. vol. 3, part 7 (the conclusion of the volume on Malayan Longicorns, published

in October), were on the table.

XXIV

November 15, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

“Catalogue of Scientific Papers,” Vol. iii.; presented by the Royal Society. Nine

Tracts, by Dr. Leconte; presented by the Author.

By purchase :—Gemminger and Harold, ‘ Catalogus Coleopterorum,’ Vol. 5.

Election of Members.

The following gentlemen were severally ballotted for, and elected :—As Members,

Messrs. D. J. French, of Chatham; and C. G. Websdale, of Barnstaple: as Annual

Subscribers, Messrs. 8S. J. Barnes, of Birmingham; N. E. Brown, of Reigate;

E. M. Janson, of Chontales, Nicaragua; O. E. Janson, of Highgate; W. H. Pearson,

of Birmingham; and W. Douglas Robinson, of Dalbeattie.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. F. Smith, on behalf of Mr. Edwin Brown, exhibited a locust, several specimens

of which had been quite recently captured at Burton-on-Trent: it appeared to be

identical with a species of which the British Museum possesses five examples from

North Bengal. The specimen exhibited was found in the yard of a brewery; and

Mr. M‘Lachlan suggested that it had probably been introduced in an empty returned

ale-cask.

With reference to a recent article in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’

in which Mr. Andrew Murray contends that Rhipiphorus is not a parasite, but only an

inquiline in the nests of wasps, Mr. F. Smith desired to recall attention to the observa-

tions of the late Mr. 8. Stone, recorded in Proc. Ent. Soc. 1864, pp. 62—66. On

p. 64, Mr. Stone stated that on opening the closed cells of a nest of the common wasp,

he had found a larva of Rhipiphorus firmly attached to the full-grown larva of the

wasp, the mouth of the former buried in the body of the latter just below the head;

and that in forty-eight hours it consumed every particle of the wasp-larva with the

exception of the skin and mandibles. In another nest, which was destroyed by means

of gas-tar, Mr. Stone also discovered a small larva of Rhipiphorus firmly attached to its

victim, so firmly that when immersed in spirits they remained attached just as they

were before death. This identical pair, preserved in spirits, and still ta sttu, was

exhibited by Mr. F. Sinith, together with numerous other larve and pupe of Rhipi-

phorus which were placed in his hands by Mr. Stone. One of Mr. Murray’s objections

to the carnivorous propensity of Rhipiphorus was the fact that he had found the pupa

of Rhipiphorus and the pupa of the wasp in the same cell: it appeared, however, that

both were of stunted growth, and it was a matter of common experience that larve occa-

sionally spin up before they are full fed, even when food is obtainable, which might

have been the ease with this Rhipiphorus larva: the attacks of parasites are not

always fatal, but many Hymenoptera appear as well as their parasites, e.g. Stylops

and the bee. Having regard to the known carefulness and accuracy of observation of

Mr. Stone, Mr. F. Smith, notwithstanding certain difficulties raised by Mr. Murray

which he was not at present prepared to explain, did not hesitate to re-affirm his belief

XXV

that Rhipiphorus is a larvivorous parasite, and not a mere guest which enters the nest

of the wasp and shares the food of the legitimate occupants.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited some Australian Heteromera, including new species of

Heleus, Byrsax, Seirotrana, &c., and two new genera. One species of Saragus

(undescribed, and for which the name S. floccosus was proposed), was remarkable from

heing covered with a peculiar fungoid growth, which was said by the captor to occur

on the living insect, and also (or a similar growth) on the trees which the beetle

frequented. This growth had been examined by Mr. Currey, and was pronounced to

be truly fungous, in fact an Isaria, the early stage of a Spheria. Several speci-

mens of the Saragus had been seen, all with the Isaria in the same stage of

development.

Mr. Wallace enquired whether the supposed fungus had been microscopically

examined, as it seemed highly improbable that a living animal should habitually have a

living vegetable growing on it. More probably, if it really existed during the life of the

bectle, it was a natural animal growth: an allied species has a hairy covering, and it

was but one step further for a hairy covering tu assume a fungoid appearance, a

protective resemblance to the fungi or lichens growing on the trees upon which the

beetle was found.

Mr. Albert Muller made some observations on the scent, when handled, of Cynips

lignicola and another species which forms a gall on the under-side of oak-leaves : this

scent was probably protective, and gave the insect an immunity from the attacks of

birds, &c., and the rapid spread of Cynips lignicola over the country might be due to

its rejection on account of its peculiar odour.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir added that the musk beetle was free from attack by birds, and

this was doubiless due to its sceut..

Mr. Salvin exhibited six species of Clothilda, in illustration of the paper mentioned

below.

Mr. Briggs (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited a specimen of Deiopeia

pulchella, captured near Folkestone en the Ist of October: its habit was to fly only a

few yards at a time, and its appearance on the wing was described as resembling one

of the Geometre.

Mr. Davis (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited a large number of preserved

larve of Lepidoptera; amongst them a series of Cussus ligniperda, of all ages, in

willuw-stems, preserved in situ; and a larva of Sphinx populi to which were

attached a number of pupz of some parasite. There were also a few dried larve of

suw-flies.

Mr. Dunning referred to the swarms of insects of various kinds which had been

reported during the autumn: he had himself encountered hosts of Coccinelle

(principally C. 7-punctata, but intermixed with a considerable number of C. bipunctata)

hoth in Essex and in Yorkshire; and at Walton-on-the-Naze, on the 24th of August,

he fell in with a countless swarm of Syrphi, which appeared to have all hatched

simultaneously and to have at once commenced buzzing about in the hot sunshine in

a foolish kind of way, without caring to take food, for most of them seemed to be mere

shells without any substance inside. Noticing that Mr. Horne had recorded (New-

man’s Entomologist, iv. 356) the occurrence of a swarm at Margate on the same day,

which was said to have included specimens of Syrphus balteatus, S. decorus,

S. teniatus, 8. topiarius and Eristalis tenax?, Mr. Dunning placed in the hands of

XXV1

Mr. Verrall, for examination, a few remnants of the Walton swarm, and had been

favoured with the following note :—

“ Having looked closely through the Diptera you sent me, I find that out of fifty-

six or fifty-seven specimens which I can recognize from the fragments, there are

twenty-seven Syrphus ribesii, sixteen S. corolla, eight S. pyrastri, two S. luniger,

one S. balteatus, one or two S. vitripennis ?, and one S. pyrastri, var. unicolor. This

last variety is generally rare, but has this year appeared in tolerable abundance. The

specimens of S. vitripennis are in such condition that I cannot speak for certain about

them: they may be small examples of S. ribesii.”

Mr. Dunning remarked that only ene name, S. balteatus, was common to the lists

of Mr. Home and Mr. Verrall, so that, if all were correctly named, no less than ten or

twelve species of Syrphus occurred in the swarm on the S.E. coast on the 24th of

August.

Mr. Verrall added that S. balteatus was rare in swarms; S. decorus he believed to

be a discoloured variety of S. auricollis; S. topiarius, if British, was extremely rare, and

did not occur in the Collections of the British Museum or the Entomological Club ;

and if Eristalis tenax occurred in a swarm of Syrphide, it could only bave got there

accidentally, as it might appear anywhere else from its universal distribution. He had

once come upon the tail end of a swarm of Syrphida, and the stragglers seemed to be

nearly all S. auricollis and its var. maculicornis.

With reference to the swarms of Cuccinelle, the President and Mr. M‘Lachlan

remarked that in this case there was no necessity to have recourse to the hypothesis of

immigration, as they had both noticed, previously to the appearance of the beetles, an

unusual quantity of the larve of Coccinelle in the southern counties of England: the

simultaneous hatching of a large number in one locality caused a scarcity of food

there, and compelled many of them to move elsewhere; arriving at the sea-coast the

majority were stopped, whilst some, attempting to go further, fell into the sea and were

washed back with the tide. ‘The littoral phenomena of the swarms were thus

sufficiently accounted for. Mr. M‘Lachlan added that the larve of Coccinella would

eat the pupe of their own species (see Ent. Mo. Mag. iii. 97); and Mr. Janson

mentioned that, during the present season, he had had an apple-tree completely

covered with black Aphides (commonly called American blight), the whole of which

were cleared off in three or four days by Coccinella 7-punctata.

With reference to various letters which appeared during the autumn in the daily

papers, Mr. J. Jenner Weir said that the “ fireflies” reported at Caterham were the

males of the common glow-worm; and Mr. F. Smith mentioned that he had a

number of so-called “ glow-worms” sent to him from Margate, which proved to be

larve of Telephorus.

Mr. Pascoe remarked that, though insect-swarms were not common on or very near

to the surface of the earth, there must be a great abundance of insect-life in the upper

atmosphere; the destruction of insects at a considerable elevation by swifts must of

itself be enormous.

With reference to the height to which insects may attain, Mr. Albert Muller

recalled the fact, recorded by Mr. F. Walker (Entom. Weekly Intell. vii. 76), of the

discovery of a Chlorops lineata enclosed in a hailstone which fell during a storm on

the 18th of July, 1859.

XXvli

Papers read.

The following papers were read :—

“New Genera and Species of Coleoptera from Chontales, Nicaragua,” by the

President.

“Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hispide; with Notes on some

previously described Species,” by Mr. J. S. Baly.

“ A Synopsis of the Genus Clothilda,” by Mr. Osbert Salvin.

December 1, 1869.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors:—

‘Eugenie’s Resa’ (Hymenoptera by A. E. Holmgren, Diptera by C. G. Thomson) ;

and ‘ Hemiptera Africana,’ by C. Stal, vols. iimiv.; presented by the Royal Swedish

Academy of Sciences. ‘Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1869, Parts 7—12, and 1870,

Parts 1—3; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘The Zoologist’ for December ;

by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for December; by the

Editors.

Election of Members.

The following gentlemen were severally ballotted for, and elected Members :—

M.M. Gustave d’Emerich, of Pesth; Abbé de Marseul, of Paris; Charles Oberthur,

fils, of Rennes (Foreign Members); and Captain Lang, R.E., of Reigate; and Messrs.

W. Arnold Lewis, of The Temple; J. Cosmo Melvill, of Manchester; and Howard

Vaughan, of Kentish Town.

Exhibitions, §c.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings and dissections of some Hymenoptera pos-

sessing extraordinary structural peculiarities: they were principally Chalcidide, of the

genera Prionopelma and Metapelma (see Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835).

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a mass of earth-cells formed by a species of Halictus,

found by Mr. J. K. Lord near Cairo. The bee burrowed into the ground to a depth

of about twelve inches, and the cells were then formed, close together, and all round

the shaft or tunnel, the entrance to each cell being from the central shaft. Mr. Lord

described the bee as making a tubular entrance to the nest, probably of the material

which was thrown out in the excavation of the vertical shaft, but the construction was

too brittle or fragile for transport. Mr. Smith remarked that this tubular entrance was

after the manner of Odynerus spinipes, but it was the first time he had heard of any

species of bee forming such a construction.

The President said that some species of Melipona, which form their nests in the

hollows of trees, construct a trumpet-shaped entrance of waxy material, or of some

substance held together by a waxy cement.

XXVill |

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a larva-case, which he supposed to belong to a species of

CEceticus, found by Mr. J. K. Lord in the plains near Mount Sinai: numbers of the )

larve were seen crawling on the sand, no tree or bush being near, and the only |

plant growing in the neighbourhood being a species of wild sage. The larva-case |

appeared to be formed principally of pieces of grass, arranged longitudinally.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited two specimens of Heliothis armiger, bred from

larve which fed in tomatoes. An importation of tomatoes from Spain or Portugal

had been greatly damaged by a number of green larve, with black lines and spots,

which fed in the fruit, where there was apparently juice enough to drown them, and

which ultimately produced the moths exhibited.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings and dissections of several remarkable new

forms of Pselaphide.

Mr. Albert Miller exhibited a photograph of a Coleopterous monstrosity, a speci-_

men of Pterostichus Prevostii with eight legs: on either side of the left hind leg

(?.e. before and behind the normal hind leg) was a supernumerary limb of somewhat

stunted growth, but structurally perfect: there were apparently three distinct coxe —

fitting into three separate sockets in a single expanded trochanter. The beetle was

found in Switzerland, and Mr. Miller had seen it alive: the extra legs were simply

carried, and not used to assist in locomotion. :

With reference to the locust exhibited at the previous Meeting (ante, p. xxiv.), the —

President had received the following from Mr. Edwin Brown :—

“T am informed that when my specimen of a new locust was exhibited at the last

Meeting of the Society, it was suggested that the occurrence might have been

brought about by the introduction of the insect into the brewery in an empty returned

cask. I think such a suggestion is untenable, inasmuch as two specimens of the same

species were captured in different parts of the town of Burton-on-Trent, and one

caught in Birmingham certainly belongs to the same species. There were several

other instances recorded in the papers about the same time of locusts having been

captured in Worcestershire, in Nottinghamshire, and at Waterford. It has not yet

been proved that these examples were all of the new species, but it is highly probable

that this was so, as the peculiar positions in which the locusts have been captured this

year all indicate, if I may so term it, an unsophisticated disposition of the animal,

widely different from that of Locusta migratoria, which has nearly always been found

in fields or gardens, whilst the species of this year has been captured in two brewery

yards, iu the room of a house, upon a man’s coat, and (it is said) upon a lady’s bonnet,

but looking at the difficulty an animal so large would find in getting standing room

upon a modern bonnet, there may possibly be some mistake as to the last-mentioned

locality. Mr. F. Walker has identified the species as Acridium peregrinum of

Olivier, which is dispersed over a large part of Asia and Northern Africa, but has not

hitherto been found in Europe.”

(See also, on the recent occurrence of locusts in this country, Newman’s Entom.

iv. 367.)

Paper read.

The following paper was read :—“ Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwoodii,”

by Mr. M‘Lachlan.

XX1X

January 3, 1870.

H. W. Bares, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :—

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ No.115; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings

of the Linnean Society,’ 1869; by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Natu-

ralistes de Moscou,’ 1868, No.4; by the Society. ‘ Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen

Entomologischen Gesellschaft, vol. iii. No.3; by the Society. ‘The Tineina of

Southern Europe,’ and ‘ The Entomologist’s Annual for 1870;’ by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

* Equatorial Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Buckley,’ Parts 1—3; by W. C. Hewitson,

Esq. ‘Lepidoptera Exotica, Part 3; by E. W. Janson, Esq. ‘Observations on the

Parasitism of Rhipiphorus paradoxus;’ by Frederick Smith, Esq. ‘ Réflexions et

Expériences sur le vol des Coléoptéres;’ by M. Felix Plateau. ‘ Petites Nouvelles

Entomologiques, Nos. 1—12; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist, for January; by the

Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ for January; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were also announced :—Palisot de Beauvois,

‘Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique;’? Ebrenberg & Klug, ‘ Symbole

Physice ;’ Brullé et Blanchard, ‘ Voyage de d’Orbigny;’ Motschulsky, ‘ Etudes

Entomologiques ;? and Lowne, ‘ The Anatomy and Physiology of the Blow-fly.’

Exhibitions, Sc.

Mr. Hewitson sent for exhibition a collection of butterflies, including 135 new

‘and many rare species, all in beautiful condition, collected by Mr. Buckley in Equa-

‘torial America. With two exceptions, Heliconia Cythera and Terias Ecuadora,

which were taken on the west side of the Andes, the new species were all captured

between St. Ines and St. Rosa on the River Napo, within two degrees of longitude,

and descriptions thereof were in course of publication under the title of ‘ Equatorial

Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Buckley.’

Mr. Buckley (who was present as a Visitor) gave some interesting details of his

‘stay in Ecuador. In reply to enquiries, he stated that the localities for each species

were carefully noted at the end of each day’s collecting ; that generally speaking there

iseemed to be a species of Heliconia peculiar to each valley ; that a few species occurred

‘on both sides of the Andes, and in particular a Heliconia and a Morpho were men-

tioned ; and that there was great difference in the altitudes at which the exhibited

insects were collected, some of them, and in particular a Pronophila, having been

taken above the snow-level.

Prof. Westwood, as an instance of partial gynandromorphism, in which the union

of the opposite sexual characters was confined to a single limb, exhibited drawings of

a specimen of Anthocharis Cardamines, the wings of which, for the most part male,

partook to some extent of the colour and character of the female, as if pieces of the

ing of the male had been cut out and replaced by pieces of the wing of the

emale.

Mr. Bond mentioned that a considerable number of the locust, Acridium pere-

grinum, had been taken in Cornwall in October: some were captured at Falmouth,

XXX

and about thirty in or near Plymouth, of which two were exhibited: most of them

were found in the streets and yards of the town.

Prof. Westwood, on behalf of the Rev. Leonard Jenyns, exhibited a species of

Aphodius (probably A. lividus), which was said to be frequently vomited by South-

African Hottentots, who are notorious as unclean feeders; and a species of Elateride

which was found in April, 1869, floating in a cup of tea at Bath, and was recognized

by Mr. Janson as an eastern species of the genus Heteroderes.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited drawings of some new Australian Lucanide, of the

genus Lissotes.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a number of Curculionide, of the genus Catasarcus, in

illustration of the paper mentioned below.

Mx. Albert Muller exhibited photographs of aberrations of Abax parallelus and

Clerus formicarius; the former remarkable for its zigzag striation, the latter for the

union of the two white bands of the elytra.

Mr. Quaritch (who was present as a Visitor) made a communication respecting the

book-worm.

Papers read.

The following papers were read: —

“On some new British Species of Ephemeride ;” by the Rev. A. E. Eaton.

“‘ Descriptions of six new species of Callidryas;” by Mr. A. G. Butler.

“ A Revision of the Genus Catasarcus ;” by Mr. F. P. Pascoe.

“‘The Genera of Coleoptera studied chronologically (1735—1801) ;” by Mr. G. R.

Crotch.

New Part of * Transactions.’

Part 5 of the ‘ Transactions for 1869,’ published in December, was on the table.

ANNUAL MEETING.

January 24, 1870.

FrepeErick Suir, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

An Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1869 was-read by Mr. J. Jenner Weir,

one of the Auditors, and showed a balance in favour of the Society of £125 6s. 3d.

The Secretary read the following :—

Report of the Council for 1869.

Tn accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council presents to the Society the following

Report.

XXxXi1

During the year twenty-one Members or Subscribers have been elected, but

seventeen names have been removed from the list; the numerical gain is therefore

reduced to four.

The volume of ‘ Transactions for 1869’ includes twenty-seven memoirs by seven-

teen authors, extends to four hundred pages exclusive of the ‘ Proceedings, and is

illustrated by six plates, of which two are coloured. To Messrs. E. Saunders,

Higgins, Butler, F. Smith and M‘Lachlan, the Society is indebted for the drawings

in illustration of their respective memoirs. Every paper read, down to and inclusive

of the December Meeting, was actually published before the end of the year.

Especial attention is called to Dr. Sharp’s Revision of the British Homalotez, as

affording tangible proof of the desire of the Council that native Entomology shall

receive its due share of attention. There is yet a dearth in the ‘ Transactions’ of

papers relating to British or European insects. Many of the most active students of

the productions of our own islands do not favour the Society with the results of their

labours, and thus Exotic Entomology obtains the lion’s share of our pages; and this

leads to a supposition that our entomologists do not sufficiently identify themselves

with their continental brethren. We are either exclusively British, or our range

includes the whole world; and thus, between the insularity of some and the

universality of others, European insects (in the broad sense) occupy but an insig-

nificant portion of our publications. From this cause, perhaps, results the small

number of our Foreign Members; and, as a consequence of that smallness, sume

who do give European insects a prominent place in their studies prefer to publish

through the medium of Continental Societies, believing that they thereby obtain

a wider circle of appreciative readers than if their lucubrations appeared in our

‘ Transactions.’

In addition to the ‘ Transactions for 1869, the volume of the ‘ Third Series’

which was exclusively devoted to the Malayan Longicorns has at length been

finished. It was only by spreading the cost over a series of years that a Society with

our limited resources could undertake a work of such magnitude, with its two dozen

coloured plates; the choice lay between a separate volume issued by instalments, and

the dispersion of the descriptions over three, if not four, of our ordinary tomes. To

those who wish to study the group and utilize the work, it is hoped that the

permanent advantage of having the whole subject complete in one volume and in

unbroken sequence will more than compensate for the temporary inconvenience of

unbound fragments. The Lamiide were commenced in 1864 and finished in 1868;

the two Parts issued in 1869 include the whole of the Cerambycide and Prionide,

216 pages and five coloured Plates. Down to the present time the cost to the Society

of this volume has been, in round figures, £350, and a further sum of £75 will be

required for the colouring of the stock of plates—thus making a total of £425. Even

this does not represent the whole cost of the work; for the entire expense of the

drawing and engraving of the twenty-four Plates by Mr. Robinson has been defrayed

by Mr. W. Wilson Saunders. The Society has on many occasions had to acknowledge

the liberality of Mr. Saunders, whose interest in our welfare knows no diminution ;

and the Council feels confident that, in suggesting a special vote of thanks for this act

of munificence, unique alike in its nature and extent, the Executive is only anticipating

the unanimous wish of the Society.

XXXli

The usual tabular statement of receipts and payments shows the following

result :—

REcEIPTS. PayMENTS.

Contributions of Members. 2) a7 Invested in Consols. ; AS

Sale of Publications. : <a Library : : : - 5

Interest on Consols’. : : 4 Publications - : . 239

Donations . . : : . 64 Rent and Office Eepenees ; te

Tea at Meetings . 2 : pit Li!

£381 £377

During the year four gentlemen have qualified as Life Members by paying the

composition in lieu of annual contributions. Hitherto compositions have been

regarded as windfalls, and spent as soon as received. ‘The four received in 1869 have

been expended, partly in the purchase of books, which is equivalent to capitalization,

and partly in the purchase of Consols. This is a small beginning; but the smallest

beginnings are the most difficult to make: after thirty-five years existence the

Society has for the first time laid by just as many pounds out of its ordinary receipts ;

and the Council regards this microscopic investment as the nucleus of a fund which

some day will yield an income sufficient to keep the Library regularly supplied with

the current periodical literature of Entomology of this and other countries, which has

now become one of our principal deficiencies.

The year 1869 was begun with a cash balance of £5 12s. Od. and £109 14s, 9d.

Consols. The year 1870 is begun with a cash balance of £9 8s. 3d. and £148 Os, 5d.

Consols. The Council cannot, however, disguise the fact that, of the sum of £64

entered for donations, £50 is due to the renewed liberality of Mr. Dunning, but for

which there would have been a deficit of nearly £40.

Now that the Third Series of Transactions has been cdanleeeds it becomes

necessary to make ready for sale the stock of the five volumes which compose the

Series; and, in fact, a considerable portion of the work has been already done, and

large outlay made, principally for colouring plates. But, as the undertaking remains

unfinished, no part of the expense incurred on this head has been brought into the

accounts for 1869. It is left as a problem for the next Council to devise a scheme,

by which, without interfering with the ordinary action of the Society, to raise a sum of

£170 or thereabouts.

It has been decided to renew the offer, suspended for the last two years, of

Prizes for Essays on Economical or Structural Entomology. Further particulars will

be announced, probably at the next Meeting.

In spite, then, of the comparative depression which has generally prevailed

throughout the year 1869, the prosperity of the Society has been maintained. Our

numbers have increased, we have added largely to our Library, the interest of our

Meetings has been well sustained, our publications have been issued with regularity

and dispatch, and our balance is larger than at the last Anniversary. Each of these

is a fair criterion of success; the combination of them all warrants the Council in

believing that for the future the future will provide.

January 24, 1870.

XXX1ll

Mr. Pascoe proposed, and Mr. Wallace seconded, a special vote of thanks to

Mr. W. Wilson Saunders for the munificent gift mentioned in the Report; and this

was carried by acclamation.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Council for 1870:—

Messrs. H. W. Bates, Dallas, Dunning, Fry, Grut, M‘Lachlan, Parry, Pascoe,

Salvin, Edward Saunders, S. Stevens, A. R. Wallace and Wormald.

The following officers for 1870 were afterwards elected :—Presideut, Mr. Alfred

R. Wallace ; Treasurer, Mr.S. Stevens; Secretaries, Messrs. Dunning and M‘Lachlan ;

Librarian, Mr. E. W. Janson.

The following Address (in the unavoidable absence of Mr. Bates) was read by

the Secretary :—

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

mat paste.

GENTLEMEN,

The termination of another year of existence of our Society

brings with it the recurrence of the annual duty which devolves on

your President, of laying before you a summary of the Society’s

labours, and of the general progress of Entomology, during the past

twelve months.

As far as we have at present learnt, the Society has lost only

two Members by death during the year. These are M. le Chevalier

Francfort, who had only recently been elected, and Mr. J. H. Hart-

wright, who had belonged to us since 1865. Neither of these

gentlemen, I believe, had published anything on the subject of our

favourite Science, and they were known as Entomologists only to a

few friends occupied in collecting and studying the same groups.

The Report of the Council has afforded you full information

regarding our numbers, income, expenditure, and so forth; and

I think we have reason to be gratified at the evidence these neces-

sary statistics afford of the steady progress and stability of the

Society. It is obvious, however, when we glance at the names of

contributors to popular Entomological magazines, or learn the

number of their subscribers, that the majority of British Ento-

mologists still remain out of our ranks. We have enrolled a

considerable number of them during the past year, and I think

many more would be induced to join us were they fully aware of

the advantages which Membership offers, amongst which may be

XXX1V

reckoned, to country members at least, the receipt of a copy of our

publications in return for their subscriptions.

The alteration in the mode of publication of our Transactions,

which I announced last year, seems to give general satisfaction.

The volume for 1868 was completed and ready for binding in the

month of February last. Already five parts of the volume for 1869

have been issued, and the completion of the volume only awaits the

printing of the Report of this evening’s Proceedings. Now that the

last outstanding volume of the Third Series, under the old system,

has been completed, we have a clear course before us, and may look

forward to the issue of yearly volumes in four or more parts, unless

unforeseen delays occur, with great regularity. So far, indeed, our

Society has a decided pre-eminence, in point of punctuality in the

appearance of the annual volume, over all similar Societies at home

and abroad.

Our publications, as in most other scientific Societies, constitute

that branch of our activity by which almost alone our usefulness is

judged by the outside world of naturalists; and the long array of

volumes of our Transactions on the shelves of great libraries, sought

after, studied and quoted, will remain the only witnesses of our

labours to future generations. These considerations justify the

pride we may feel in our published work from year to year. Iam

inclined to estimate highly the later volumes of our Transactions, as

compared with other serials of the same class, and I sincerely trust

that we may long continue to number among us so many writers able

and willing to contribute valuable papers, as well as artists to

illustrate them, and a Secretary of so much industry and good

judgment as Mr. Dunning to edit them.

The volume for the past year comprises twenty-seven memoirs,

of which twenty-five belong to the department of systematic or

descriptive Entomology, and two only—wWelcome contributions from

Mr. Jenner Weir and Mr. Butler, on the selection of insects as food

by insectivorous animals —to other branches of the Science. To

those who might object that too large a share of our work is

occupied by mere descriptions, I would remark that many original |

and valuable observations on relationships, geographical distribution,

and other deeply interesting philosophical questions, are contained in

some of our descriptive papers. In fact, it is not at all a necessary

consequence that a descriptive treatise should be nothing more than

a string of dry definitions. It will become, I hope, more and more

XXXV

the practice of Entomologists to give, together with their descrip-

tions, the new data on relationships, distribution, comparison of

faunas, &c., which the handling of such subjects most usually brings

forth.

The third volume of the Third Series of our Transactions, which

I have already remarked has been completed during the year by the

publication of two parts, now forms a handsome faunistic work,

devoted entirely, as you are aware, to the description, by Mr. Pascoe,

of the Longicorn Coleoptera of the Malay Archipelago collected

by Mr. Wallace. We may congratulate ourselves on the termi-

nation of this volume, published out of the usual order of our

series, and on the addition that a work of so much scientific

value and careful execution in every way makes to our Trans-

actions. It consists of 712 pages, illustrated by twenty-four plates,

executed with his usual ability by Mr. Robinson, and the volume

is rendered further more complete by remarks on the localities

by Mr. Wallace himself, and a summary of the subfamilies, genera

and species, tables of distribution, and an excellent index by

Mr. Dunning.

Several contributions of considerable importance have been made

to the Science in this country outside our own body. Important

papers have appeared, as usual, in the pages of the ‘Annals and

Magazine of Natural History,’ chiefly from the pens of Messrs.

Butler, Salvin, Andrew Murray and Wollaston. A memoir by the

last-named gentleman on the Coleoptera of St. Helena, founded on a

collection made by Mr. Melliss, who has been long resident in the

island, is interesting as a further addition to our knowledge of the

productions of oceanic islands in the Atlantic, so much of which

we owe to this learned Entomologist. The Madeiran, Canaries and

Cape Verde groups had already been almost exhaustively investi-

gated by Mr. Wollaston himself, Mr. Crotch had worked out the

entomological results of the exploration of the Azores by Mr. God-

man, and to Mr. Wollaston has appropriately been confided the

examination of by far the largest collection of insects which has yet

been made in the solitary island of St. Helena. As you are aware,

the great interest which attaches to the fauna and flora of oceanic

islands arises from the problems involved in the modes in which

they obtained their species of animals and plants, and which are

rendered more complicated by the existence on some of them of

XXXV1

anomalous forms, representative, it is considered, of types ages ago

extinct on continents. Such islands, however, differ greatly from

each other as to degree of peculiarity in their productions, and it

often happens that species identical, or nearly so, with those found

in the nearest continent, form nearly the whole of their present

inhabitants. Thus the investigation of the origin of their faunas

and floras is necessarily exceedingly complex. Geology has to be

invoked to ascertain whether the islands are of recent or ancient

elevation above the sea-surface, and whether the supposition is ad-_

missible of a recent connection with the nearest continental land.

Oceanic hydrography and deep-sea soundings have to be studied

in reference to the depth of the surrounding seas, the force and

direction of currents and winds; for these must all be taken into

consideration in discussions on the probable derivation of the

curious mixture of forms which is often found on these isolated

spots. On the other hand, it must be noted that the fauna and

flora themselves throw light on the geographical and geological

relations of the islands to the nearest land. In fact, the classifi-

cation of islands into oceanic and continental is founded quite as

much on resemblance or difference in organic productions, between

islands and the mainland, as on relative proximity. Thus Great

Britain is classed as a continental island, quite as much because its

fauna and flora are nearly identical with those of continental Europe

as because it is separated only by a shallow sea, and is now known

to have been actually connected in recent geological times. In

these investigations Entomology is now generally admitted to have

great importance, owing to the large number and variety of species

which it offers, as elements in the elaborate comparisons which have

to be instituted. At present authors hold the widest differences of

opinion regarding the subject of oceanic islands; whilst Mr. Wol-

laston and Mr. Andrew Murray, following the example of Edward

Forbes, maintain that the islands must, at a period geologically

recent, have been connected by land with the continents from

which they appear to have derived the greater portion of their

species, Sir Charles Lyell maintains that geological facts and

considerations quite forbid this conclusion. It is probable that

the learned Entomologists just named much underrate the amount

of migration and dissemination, by winds and currents and other

means, which is slowly going on, and which is sufficient, in the

course of the countless centuries during which the geographical

XXXVil

configuration of lands has remained pretty nearly the same, to

have stocked distant islands with their existing species. In

these discussions it is essential to bear in mind an important

generalization of Mr. Darwin, namely, that the chance of the

permanent establishment of immigrants as species in a locality is

in inverse proportion to the degree in which the locality is already

well-peopled with similar forms. On this view, a land newly emerged

from the sea, or with a stock of species diminished by extinction,

would in course of time be appropriated by the waifs and strays

which are brought to its shores. These considerations have been

well kept in view by Mr. Godman in an admirable paper on the

birds collected by him in the Azores, where the fauna, to a much

larger extent than in the other Atlantic islands, is made up of

species identical with those of other lands, chiefly Western Europe,

from which direction blow the prevailing winds. In islands like the

Madeiran and Canaries groups, where there is a large proportion of

endemic and peculiar forms, a great geological antiquity of the land

must be inferred. There may have been, it is true, a former con-

nection of the islands with a larger tract of land, when these

peculiar forms spread over the area now consisting of islands; but

this must have been at a comparatively remote period in geological

time, and not at that recent date when the fabulous continent of

Atlantis included them all in its expanse, as believed by Forbes and

Wollaston. It is difficult to judge whether the insect fauna of

St. Helena will offer such reliable data for discussions of this

character as those of the more northerly Atlantic islands. As far

as it is at present known, it comprises many forms not found else-

where, amongst which is the large and remarkable Carabideous

beetle Haplothorax Burchellii, and several genera of small Cur-

culionide. It is not impossible that some of the smaller species

may yet be found in the more arid parts of South-Western Africa,

where the minute Coleoptera have not yet been well collected, but

So conspicuous a creature as the Haplothorax cannot be assumed to

have been overlooked, and this genus alone would be almost suffi-

cient to warrant the conclusion that St. Helena has an endemic

fauna, as peculiar as the flora it possessed before its native vegeta-

tion was destroyed. Mr. Melliss, I am glad to say, intends to

continue his entomological investigation of the island, as yet barely

commenced by him, and we may hope to hear yet of many curious

discoveries.

XXXVIll

The ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, as usual, contains

numerous short papers and notices of permanent scientific interest.

The Rev. Mr. Hellins, Mr. Buckler, and Mr. Barrett continue their

most accurate observations of the early stages of our native

Lepidoptera, and Dr. T. Algernon Chapman has supphed further

notes of the economy of various species of Coleoptera, particularly

the Scolyti and other wood-borers, and of Diptera. Remarkably

curious is the discovery which this original observer records of the

parasitic habits of a species of Aphodius (A. porcus), which feeds on

the dung-balls made by Geotrupes stercorarius, in its burrows. We

are all glad to notice in a recent number of the Magazine that the

Rey. Mr. Marshall has re-commenced his papers on the British

Cynipide, undiscouraged by the crushing misfortune of the loss of

his collections and lbrary by shipwreck. Mr. Albert Miiller, too,

has chosen the same periodical as the vehicle of communicating

some of his notes on gall-insects, a study to which he is devoting

himself with much energy and intelligence. Our friends Messrs.

Rye and Sharp continue their elucidations of minute points in the

discrimination and synonymy of our inexhaustible native Coleoptera,

and Mr. M‘Lachlan publishes his valuable papers on the Heme-

robude and other Neuroptera. But it is especially gratifying to

notice, in a recent number of the periodical, what appears to be the

commencement of a set of papers on the much-neglected Diptera

of our island, by Mr. Verrall. He has begun with a lst of the

Syrphide, giving the correct nomenclature according to the best

continental authorities and his own researches. There is now no

Order of British insects that is not studied by Entomologists of

ability, and some, such as the Hemiptera, which were formerly the

most despised, number many votaries. The time is probably not

far distant when, by the co-operation of several of our best

authorities, we may hope to see that great desideratum, a complete

Catalogue of British Insects, accurately determined and in harmony

with continental nomenclature. It may be perhaps necessary to

remind you, for so little has been lately said about it that it is

perhaps forgotten, that your Council long ago arranged for the

compilation and publication of such a Catalogue. The work goes

on slowly but surely, and the first Part, the Neuroptera, compiled

by our best authority on the Order, Mr. M‘Lachlan, the Ephemeride

by the Rey. Mr. Eaton, is now ready for the press.

XXX1X

Numerous Entomological works are published in England inde-

pendently of Societies and Natural-History periodicals. Some of

these are serials, like Hewitson’s ‘Exotic Butterflies’ and Stainton’s

magnificent ‘ Natural History of the Tineina,’ of long standing and

acknowledged merit, the number of which has been increased during

the year by the ‘ Lepidoptera Exotica,’ a quarterly work, published

by Mr. Janson, on a plan similar to Mr. Hewitson’s well-known

publication, the plates and descriptions furnished by Mr. Butler. It

is seldom that an independent work appears containing the fruits of

original research in the more neglected departments of Entomology,

such as are frequently published on the Continent, and especially in

Germany; we have, however, to record the appearance, within the

last few weeks, of a book of this class, which I think will do credit

to British Science. It is the ‘Anatomy and Physiology of the

Blow-fly,’ by Mr. B. T. Lowne, an octavo volume illustrated with

ten plates and published by Mr. Van Voorst. The work contains

the fruit of several years’ close study of the minute anatomy and

morphology of this familiar insect, and as the attention of the

author has been kept alive to the morphology of the parts, and to

disputed points of function of important organs, his observations

have a general bearing on insects, and will be found most suggestive

to students of all the Orders. There is much originality both in the

facts and deductions recorded in the book, and the arrangement and

style are so clear that with the aid of the figures, drawn by the

author himself from his own preparations, there is little difficulty in

comprehending even the most obscure details. Among the new

points, the credit of which may be fairly claimed by hin, is, first,

the exposition of the structure and development of the integument,

in which, admitting the conclusion that the derm consists of three

layers, he applies to them the names protoderm, mesoderm and

endoderm, rejecting the term cuticle for the outer layer or proto-

derm, which invests the whole surface of the insect, including even

the hairs and the eyes, and forming the lining-membrane of the

tracheal system, because it is quite unlike the cuticle in vertebrates,

being persistent and not deciduous: the different modes in which

these derms are evolved in the metamorphosis of the insect form

part of the originality of his views upon them. Next may be

mentioned his observations on the foot-pads, and explanation of the

process by which flies can walk in an inverted position or on a

smooth surface. He here ditfers from recent writers on the same

subject ; rejecting the view that the adhesion of the foot of the fly

is caused by sucker-action of the pads, or by mechanical grasp of

minute inequalities of ground by the hairs with which they are

furnished. His observations have led him to revert to the old

opinion that adhesion is caused by a viscous secretion, an opinion

which he has established as a scientific fact by working out the

subject most thoroughly. ‘The viscous secretion, he says, is forced

by pressure, from a long sac contained within the four preceding

tarsal joints, through each hair, and is visible by a moderately high

power in the microscope, on vertical pressure of the tarsus of the

fly, as a globule at the tips of the hairs. The mechanical principle

on which the foot is raised again, in walking, is most ingeniously

explained ; and he makes the suggestion that the climbing powers of

arboreal Coleoptera are due to a similar structure, which must also

be that which enables the males of the Geodephaga and other tribes

to grasp the smooth bodies of the females before coition; in most

of these cases the soles of the tarsi being furnished with brush-like

pads. Another new point is the description of the wing-muscles of

the thorax and the mode of flight; the muscular action brought

into play in flying being explained as similar to that in crawling,

only, of course, infinitely more energetic and rapid. The longitudinal

muscles of the thorax, which are of great strength, cause by their

action a minute and excessively rapid rising and falling of the

thoracic parietes, which act on the wings; and he was able to pro-

duce the action in dead individuals by working with a forceps in

imitation of the muscles. He differs in opinion from some

authorities regarding the homologies of the segments, especially of

the head, which have been so greatly modified in the Insect class.

The detection of a sympathetic or organic nerve-system, the

structure and nature of the halteres, the nature and use of the

olfactory organs, the tegumentary nature of the eyes and ocelli, and

the tracheal arrangement in the eyes, may be all cited as new facts

and explanations contained in the work. As general conclusions,

the great relative concentration of the nervous system in Diptera,

well brought out by the author, and adduced as a proof that they

are amongst the most highly-organized in the Insect class, is

interesting; but in this portion of the imvestigation he is treading

more or less in the steps of continental naturalists.

xli

I cannot quit the subject of Entomology in our own country

without some notice of the labours of one of our practical Ento-

mologists, who has much distinguished himself during the

year as a collector in distant countries; for it is to the class of

Entomological travellers that we are chiefly indebted for the rapid

growth of our knowledge of insect forms throughout the world.

Mr. Buckley, who appeared before us at our last Meeting to exhibit

a portion of his collection, was about a year and a half ago com-

missioned by Mr. Hewitson to visit the eastern slopes of the Andes

of Ecuador, chiefly to collect Diurnal Lepidoptera, and returned,

after an absence of only fourteen months, with a collection of 5000

specimens in an excellent state of preservation, and including 135, or

according to a freer estimation 150, new species. The discovery of

so much novelty, and many of the species are very strikingly

different from anything we had before seen, in a limited district,

is of scientific interest, inasmuch as it shows how cautious we ought

to be in our estimate of the number of species actually existing in

nature, and in our comparisons of the faunas of different regions.

The time, moreover, in which the collection was made is stated by

Mr. Buckley to be only about two and a half months, so many

weeks being lost by constant rains, and of course several months

occupied by the journey there and back. The route which he

followed was, after landing at Guayaquil, across the Western

Cordillera by the foot of Chimborazo, to the city of Riobamba,

thence by the lofty Andean road to Banos on the Upper Pastaza,

and down the slopes of the Eastern Cordillera, following the valley

of the river and the path which leads off to Canelos on the Bobo-

naza, which river he explored to Sarayacu, and then worked

through the difficult forest-paths to the banks of the Napo and

back. The Andes here do not sink abruptly into the great plain of

the Amazons as they do in Middle Peru, further south, but form

a succession of mountain-ridges, each of several thousand feet of

elevation, lying more or less parallel to the main Cordillera.

Through each of the deep valleys thus formed between the ranges

flows a river, and it would appear that each valley contains a great

amount of species peculiar to itself, for many of the most striking

species in the collection are described by Mr. Buckley as being seen

in one valley only. The difficult forest track in descending from

Banos in an easterly direction crosses the valleys and intervening

ranges successively, and the ascent of some of the latter is described

xlii

as of great steepness. The distance marched from the crest of the

Andes to the Napo was about 150 miles. The whole region, hill and

valley alike, is clothed with dense and luxuriant forest, and lying

under the equator, with constant drenching rains caused by the

condensation, on the cold edge of the Andean plateau, of the

vapour-laden winds from the warm plains to the eastward, the

country is a perfect hot-house, reeking with moisture, and offering

the most favourable conditions to the abundance of insect life. The

population is scanty, composed chiefly of semi-civilized Indians,

living in small scattered villages. Food is scarce, and hunger adds

greatly to the difficulties of the traveller, worn and exhausted by

hard work in such an atmosphere. The remoter parts are still

occupied by wild Indians hostile to the whites, and Mr. Buckley was

obliged to leave many promising valleys unvisited on this account,

his Indian guides refusing to encounter the risk of accompanying

him. He remained as long as health and strength were able to

withstand the strain to which hunger and the sweltering climate

subjected them, and then returned across the Andes with his

precious cargo to England.

As Mr. Buckley carefully recorded the precise locality of every

specimen he took, we might expect to obtain from his journey those

much-needed facts regarding the geographical relations of closely-

allied species in Andean valleys, which, notwithstanding that so

many collectors have worked for years past in New Granada,

Ecuador and Peru, have never yet been afforded. A complete

list, with localities, would be of the greatest interest, and it is to

be hoped that Mr. Hewitson, who alone has had the opportunity

of studying the entire collection, will accede to the general wish

expressed at our last Meeting, by giving this information.

The mention of this subject leads me to make a few remarks on

geographical distribution, by way of illustrating what is meant when

we say that questions of high scientific importance depend upon it.

The idea of the value of localities in connexion with specimens or

species, with some Entomologists, I am afraid does not reach very

far. They like to know in what countries the different forms are

found, and perhaps, as in French collections, show the distribution

by writing the specific names in their cabinets on babels coloured

according to the part of the world the species inhabit ; the primary

divisions of the world, as Europe, N. and S. America, Africa,

xii

Australia, perhaps West Indies, and so forth, being considered

sufficient. This brings out the leading facts of distribution very

well, such as the restriction of many genera and groups of genera to

each of the great divisions, and the distinctive facies which all the

products from one region possess; but we seldom see it carried

further, and it remains a pretty association of Geography with

Natural History, and no more. Results infinitely more suggestive

are brought about if the student labels each specimen with its

locality, instead of recording it on the ticket which bears the

specific name placed below all the specimens, and if he is fortunate

enough to be able to amass a large suite of specimens, accurately so

ticketed, of genera abounding in local varieties and closely-allied

species. Indications of the conditions under which varieties, local

races, and perhaps species, are formed in Nature, are revealed by

this method, and a field of investigation is opened which connects

the study of a few insect species with some of the most difficult

problems that are now engaging the attention of philosophers. ‘The

most common event that happens, when a student works at a series

of species in this way, is the discovery that even the most constant

species vary in some parts of their area of distribution; the next,

that a small well-marked difference in a species is generally a local

difference, and embraces all the individuals of the district in which

it occurs. As the collection increases, further curious facts come

out. It is found, for instance, that some highly-variable species

give rise to one set of varieties in one area, another distinctly

different set in another area, and so on; and further, that in some

areas one, or perhaps more, of these variations will be better marked

than, and preponderate in number over, the other varieties of the

same species. Still further, it is found that in some districts one

such variety alone occurs, having apparently prevailed over all the

others. To be properly impressed, however, with the great truth

and reality of these facts, the student should himself have travelled

as an Entomological collector over an extent of country embraced

by many local varieties of variable species; otherwise his attention

will not be sufficiently excited to the curious facts Nature presents

to him, and he will not take the trouble to amass and obtain the-

exact localities of numerous specimens of common variable species.

Perhaps the most important result of this attention to distribution

of varieties is that a fine gradation of forms or degrees of variation

will be found, from the “sport” or variety, such as is liable to be

> H

xliv

produced in the same brood, to the well-segregated race living in —

company with another race referable to the same stock. As such

most authors, perhaps rightly, consider these latter as good and true

species ; and thus the formation of species out of mere variations is ~

illustrated by the facts of geographical distribution.

But it is not this branch of the subject with which we are so

much concerned, when we wish to compare the productions of the

different Andean valleys and their vertical ranges, as that relating to

the nature of barriers to distribution. It has been received as a

principle in Zoological and Botanical Geography, that grand physical

barriers, such as mountain ranges, form an impassable limit to the

faunas and floras of the plains on each side of them. It is repeated,

in almost every Manual of Physical Geography, after Humboldt,

who I believe was the originator of the statement, that the species

are all different on the two sides of the Andes of South America.

Such a fact, if well established, would be interesting in many ways.

First, it would throw light on the Geology of the country, as proving

that the Andes must have existed as a ridge, sufliciently lofty to

prevent the creatures of the plains crossing it, before the origin of

the species which now people the plains on each side. Now, it is

possible that this broad and important generalization may have been

_ made on a too slender foundation of facts. Of course, in those parts

of the Pacific coast-region (two-thirds of the whole line within the

tropics), where the conditions of soil, climate and vegetation are

totally different on the two sides of the Andes, no community of

species is possible. A lofty mountain barrier would be here un-

necessary, for a few steps of level road, in many parts of the world,

would suffice to bring the traveller from the domain of one fauna

to that of another—for instance, from an arid plain to a luxuriant

forest along some river-valley. This would be a difference of

“station,” and not of area of distribution,—a distinction long ago

recognized in Botany. The question is, then, limited to this: In

those parts of the Pacific coast-region, such as Guayaquil, where a

humid forest-country exists on both sides of the Cordillera, are the

species of the two sides entirely distinct ? This would test the

efficacy of mountain-barriers better than almost any “other case.

For the species, at least of insects, which inhabit humid forests

near the equator, are probably unable to exist at a higher altitude

than 4000 or 5000 feet, and no pass over the Cordillera exists of

half this depression, throughout the whole line of the Andes from

xlv

Bolivia to the Isthmus of Darien. The species could not volun-

tarily pass over, nor by gradual migration along the coast could

they well double the end of the chain near the mouths of the Atrato

and Magdalena, and so pass to the eastern side, for the Sierra

Nevada bars the way.

Insects, I believe, would offer better data in discussing this

question of barriers than almost any other group of land animals, or

than plants; they are more limited in range than the species of

birds, afford a much larger body of facts than reptiles, mammals

and shells, and are not so much subject to accidental means of

transportation as plants. But although many Entomological col-

lectors have visited Guayaquil and the Cordillera, we have no

published lists and no authentic information about localities. Mr.

Buckley’s journey offers us, then, the chance of obtaining the details

so much required, as he collected assiduously all the way up from

the level of the sea to the edge of the snow, and the same conversely

on the opposite side, writing the locality on the envelope of every

specimen.

I am inclined to think that the efficacy of physical or geographical

barriers in limiting the distribution of animals and plants has been

much over-estimated, and that this circumstance has vitiated much

of the reasoning that has been employed in discussing various

difficult problems in Natural History. By physical barriers, of

course, are meant barriers of the inorganic world, such as a con-

tinuous mountain-range with regard to species of the plains, and

conversely, a continuous plain with regard to species of the moun-

tains (e.g. Parnassius, Erebia, Oreina, Nebria, &c.). The sea is

thus a barrier to land-species, a water-shed to fresh-water species,

a continuous tract of forest to species of the savannah or steppe,

and so on. Barriers of the organic world, which of course are

“physical” also, are quite a different set of agencies. They are the

hindrances offered to the dissemination of a species by other species

already in full possession of the domain, and well-adjusted to its

conditions by constitution and habits. To this may be added the

limitations to distribution observable without any physical obstacle

being perceptible. There are certain classes of facts which seem to

me to indicate that these less obvious kinds of barrier are far more

effective than those more imposing ones of mountain, desert, sea,

and so forth.

xlvi

One set of these facts is exemplified by the well-known case of dis-

tribution of insects between the east and west in the southern part of

our own island. I am not aware that comparative lists have yet been

published, but it will not be disputed that many hundreds of species

of Coleoptera, for instance, are known in the east, many of them

abundant, which are totally unknown in the west, and a smaller

number are known in the west which are not found in the east. In

cases like these a difference of climate may be the cause of the

limitation. But there is another set of facts requiring quite a

different explanation: this is the limited ranges of closely-allied

species in the plains of Tropical America. I have already elsewhere

recorded the fact that, in the forest plains of the Amazons, where

there is no difference of level worth mentioning, and no physical

barriers, the species of a large number of genera are changed from

one locality to another, not more than 200 or 300 miles apart. This

is most distinctly marked on the Upper Amazons, where the country

may be mapped out into areas of a few hundred square miles each,

every one containing numerous species of such genera as Ithomia,

Melinza, Eubagis, Doryphora, Erotylus, &c., &c., allied to but quite

distinct from their representatives in the others. From what I have

seen of Mr. Buckley’s collections on the eastern side of the Andes

I think the same limitation of areas must occur there also; and

judging from the few species I know as coming undoubtedly from the

Guayaquil side of the Cordillera, the butterfly faunas of these areas

in the uniform country of the east are pretty nearly as distinct from —

each other as the species east of the Andes are distinct from those

west of the mountains. We here again feel the want of facts, sueh

as Mr. Buckley collected, but which have not yet been published,

to teach us exactly what species are found east and what west of

the mountains, and how the great multitude of closely-allied spe-

cies are distributed in the narrow tract explored on the east. My

own observations in the level plain a few hundred miles further east

show distinctly, however, that the most effective possible barriers

are there opposed to the spread of hosts of species without any

physical barrier existing which is perceptible by our senses. ‘The

explanation of the fact, I believe, is this, that there really are

subtle differences of physical conditions from place to place, even

in a uniform region; slight differences in soil, humidity, succulence

of foliage, and so forth, which require in each area a re-adjustment

of the constitution of any new immigrants from adjoining areas ;

xlvii

but that each area being kept well stocked with allied species

already adjusted to its minute conditions, such migration rarely

occurs. Thus a limit is put to the spread of species by species

themselves, which produces similar results on the actual distribu-

tion of forms throughout the world, to those produced by mighty

physical barriers such as the Andes.

There is yet one other consideration remaining. If these bar-

riers are not required to explain the limitation of faunas, it does not

follow that they do not act as barriers all the same; but it is, I think,

difficult to prove it. If 1200 miles of sea do not form a sufficient

barrier against the stocking of the Azores with insects from Western

Europe, I do not think sixty miles of mountain should be assumed

to prevent for tens of thousands of years the transport of species,

in the egg state, by birds or currents of air, from one side to

the other. I may add, in conclusion, that if the efficacy of barriers

of this nature has been overrated, some important conclusions

regarding changes on the earth’s surface will have to be re-

considered ; such, for instance, as that of the extension of a glacial

epoch over nearly the whole earth—a hypothesis conceived by

Darwin to explain the existence of the same genera and sometimes

the same species in high latitudes, both in the northern and southern

hemisphere, whilst absent from the intervening zones. I believe that,

with some very obvious exceptions, such as Mammals and Batra-

chians, there can be no limit placed to the dissemination of a

species, provided there are unoccupied areas suitable to it, in any

part of the earth, and provided also time sufficient be allowed for the

process.

The discussion of points connected with the labours of British

Entomologists has extended to so great a length that but little space

is left me for noticing the progress of Entomology abroad. I am not

aware, however, of the appearance of many new works of striking

importance on the continent or elsewhere during the year. The

‘Genera des Coléoptéres,’ by Professor Lacordaire, has progressed

to the extent of another volume since our last Anniversary, and the

author’s marvellous power of making a difficult subject compara-

tively easy shows no sign of decay. The great ‘Catalogus Cole-

opterorum, by Gemminger and Harold, is also advancing rapidly,

the sixth volume having appeared within the last few days. The

students of special groups in the Order find much to criticise and

xlvili

amend in the parts that concern them, and other Entomologists

object, and I think with justice, to the unnecessary and pe-

dantic changes made in the orthography of generic names; but

the work is of great use to all students as a collection of raw

material which each specialist may, if he chooses, elaborate into

a good Catalogue at less expenditure of time and labour than would

be requisite without it.

In the ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung’ I find a very readable

paper by Peter Maassen, of Elberfeld, on a subject which will be

interesting to most Entomologists. It is an attempt to compute the

total number of species of Lepidopterous insects existing in nature,

and is written in correction of a previous crude essay by Keferstein _

on the same subject. In his estimate the author takes for his basis

the curious fact that in all complete lists of local Lepidopterous

faunas in Europe the number of moths to butterflies is as 26 to 1.

He then gets at the probable number of butterflies in existence, by

arguing from the number published, districts unexplored, and so forth,

and believes the number to be not fewer than 8740. Unfortunately

in pursuing the calculation he forgets his datum-line of twenty-six

moths to one butterfly, and takes the proportion as it stands in

Staudinger and Wocke’s Catalogue of European species, where the

proportion of course is much less, because the smaller moths have

not been so exhaustively collected throughout Europe as the butter-

flies. In this way he arrives at the total number existing in the

world as 129,740—a surprising amount, but still far below the truth

if the proportion found in well-worked districts in Western Europe

is maintained throughout the world, which would produce the

incredible total of 227,240 species.

With the present evening, gentlemen, terminates the second year

of my office as your President, when, by our regulations, you are

required to choose a successor. Permit me to thank you for the

indulgence you have shown towards all my shortcomings during the

two years I have enjoyed the honour of presiding over you. Should

the gentleman recommended by the Council be chosen by you, as

I have no doubt he will have been before the termination of this

Address, it will be my great pleasure to resign the chair to one

whom I esteem as my old travelling companion, and for his great

attainments in Entomology and the kindred sciences.

xlix

A vote of thanks to the President for his services during the past year, with a

request that the Address might be printed in the ‘ Proceedings, was proposed by

Mr. Fry, seconded by Mr. Grut, and carried unanimously.

Thanks were also voted to the other Officers and Members of the Council for 1869,

and to the Chairman; and were suitably acknowledged.

By Balance in hand, Ist January, 1869

”

Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1869.

ReEcEIPTs.

Arrears of Subscriptions - =

Subscriptions for 1869 - - 2

Admission Fees - - -

Compositions of four Life Members

Sale of ‘ Transactions’ - -

Interest on £148 Os. 5d. Consols_ -

Tea Subscriptions - - -

Donations, E. T. Higgins, Esq. = -

= J.W. Dunning, Esq. :

PAYMENTs.

To Rent, Librarian, and Office Expenses

”

Printing ‘ Transactions’ = :

- >

* ‘Proceedings’ - = -

Plates, Engraving and Printing -

» Colouring - - -

Books purchased - - :

» binding - - s

Tea, 13 Meetings - - =

£38 5s. 8d. Consols - -

Balance in Treasurer's hands

ev)

SOO Dolo oo Oo:

£386 17 2

= - - 13 13

- = =) Poole

= - = yds.

£386 17 2

—

~“\)

ror) 5

Seo so SS tw O1S cts)

Liabilities and Assets of the Society.

LIABILITIES. ASSETS.

S80 4k + eee

To Loan of Mr. Dunning 45 0 O | By Arrears of Subscriptions:—

Good (say) 25 4 O

Doubtful £47 5s. Od.

» £148 0s, 5d. Consols 135 14 0

(cost)

, Cash Balancein hand - 9 8 3

£45 0 0 170° (63

Less Liabilities 45: (Oms0

£125 6 3

E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, 9, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISHOPSGATE.

(h)

INDEX.

Norz.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the description

of the Insect will be found at the page referred to.

The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘Transactions;’ the Roman

Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

- PAGE PAGE

COLEOPTERA ....c.cscesccee lii LEPIDOPTERA ..-.ceesceeeeee lvi

ETM RAG sec sues eeseeeese ste lv NEUROPTERA 1..00eeceeeeeee lviii

IEMIPTERA vvasccsccssecse lv ORTHOPTERA ...ceecseceeees lyiii

FLYMENOPTERA .eceseseeees lv THYSANURBA scvsssssivescsase lyiii

a el

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Anniversary Address of the President for 1869, xxxiii.

Annual Report of the Council for 1869, xxx.

Barriers to distribution of species, note on, xliy.

Buckley, Mr., note on his collection of butterflies in Ecuador, xxix, xli.

Colour and edibility, on the relation between, 21, 27, vi.

‘of Coleoptera, generally dull near the Equator, iv.

of larve, protective, vii.

Cuckoo bees and humble bees, note on, x.

Dwarf Lepidoptera, v, vi.

Edibility and colour, on the relation between, 21, 27, vi.

Field-cricket, note on the, xvi.

‘ Fire-flies,”’ alleged occurrence of, in Kent, xxvi.

Flax crop, beetle injurious to, xy.

Frogs and larve, 28, xii.

Fungus, growing habitually on living beetle, xxv.

Galeodes killed by sting of wasp, xiii.

( lit.)

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Galls and gall-flies, notes on, xii, xxi.

Geographical distribution, observations on, xlii.

Gmelin’s species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, 355.

Gynandromorphism, case of partial, xxix.

Hailstone, insect imbedded in, xxvi.

Honey bees, notes on, iii.

Humble-bees and cuckoo-bees, note on, x.

ejection of fiuid by, xiii.

Insectivorous birds, 21, xii.

Larve and birds, 21, 27, vi, xii.

resembling snakes, xxii.

Lizards and larve, 27, vii, xii.

Locusts in England, iii, xi, xxiv, xxviii, xxix.

Luminous larva, xv, xvi.

Mason-wasps, notes on Australian, xvii.

Monstrosity, Pterostichus with eight legs, xxviii.

New Zealand, entomological productions of, xvi.

Number of species of Lepidoptera in the World, xlviii.

Parasites on bats, iii.

Protective resemblances, vii, xxv.

St. Helena, Coleoptera of, xxxy.

Scorpions killed by rats, vii.

Spheria, said to grow habitually on living beetle, xxv.

Spiders and larve, 28.

killed by sting of wasp, xiii.

query as to mode of capture of prey, xiii.

Montispa parasitic in nest of, xx.

Swarms of insects, note on, xxv.

Sweden, entomological collections in, xxii.

Sugar cane and the “ pou blane,”’ xvi.

Tick, gigantic, on tortoise, xvi. c

Treasurer’s Accounts for 1869, xlix. :

Varieties of Lepidoptera, 273, viii, xvi.—of Coleoptera, xxx.

Vine-pest, Rhizaphis, ii.

Viviparous Lepidoptera, ix.

White-ants, eaten by birds, frogs and lizards, xii.

from St. Helena, xiii.

COLEOPTERA.

Abawx parallelus, variety of, xxx.

Acanthinodera bihamata, 43, n.

( li )

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Acherusia Parti, 7.—piliventris, 8.

Agaone monostigma, 384.

Allorrhina anomala, 388.

Alurnus ornatus, 87.—notes on species of, 367.

Amphionycha bifasciata, 386.

Anapestus, a synonym of Ectrephes, 315.

Anisocerus personatus, 385. ;

Aphodius, vomited by Hottentots, xxx.—A. porcus, habit of, xxxviii.

Aprostoma, notes on, 319, i.—A. planifrons, 320.

Articerus amazonicus, 319.—twmidus, 318.

Aspidispa, 378.—A. tibialis, 378.

Aulacostethus, 13.—A. Archeri, 14.

Batonota collaris, 86.—rufo-ornata, 86.

Botryonopa cyanoptera, 375.—imperialis, 375.

Bruchus, four species of, new to Britain, xx.

Buprestide, new species of, 1.

Calaspidea Bacchus, 84.—connectens, 84.

Callispa Brettinghami, 365.—brevicornis, 365.—Mouhoti, 366.—proxima,

364.—tar sata, 366.

Carabus, new species of, from Trebizonde, xx.

Carneades, 387.—C. delicia, 387.—superba, 387,

Cassidide, new species of, 83.

Catoxantha Movhotit, 3.

Cephaloleia Amazona, 369.—apicicornis, 372.—approcimata, 367.—cognata,

372.—dimidiaticornis, 370.—flaripennis, 373.—laticollis, 368,

—nigriceps, 370.—truncatipennis, 371.

Cetonia awrata, emerging in April, xi.

Cheridiona, 380.—C. metallica, 381.—picea, 382.

Chalastinus rubrocinctus, 385.

Chiasognathus permianus, 18.

Chlamydopsis,°317.—C. Duboulati, 318.—striatella, 318, xv.

Chrysaspis viridipennis, 4.

Cladognathus Batesi, note on, 15.—C. impressus, 17.—Motschulskii, 16. -

Clerus formicarius, variety of, xxx.

Coccinelle, swarms of, note on, XXV, XXVl.

Celarthron quadrinotatum, 385.

Crioprosopus rutilans, 384.

Curculionide, new forms of, x. -

_Deliathis nivea, 388.

Diaperine, new genus of, ix.

Diplocotes, 317.—D. Howittanus, 317,

( liv )

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Dolichotoma distineta, 83.

Downesia atrata, 377.—tarsata, 377.

Ectrephes, remarks on, 315, xv.—E. Kingii, 316.—Pascoet, 315.

Esmeralda letifica, 56.

Estigmena terminalis, 376.

Eurispa Howittii, 90.—normalis, 89.—Odewahnit, 88.

Gonophora apicipennis, 379.—nigriceps, 379.

Gymnetis ramulosa, 889.

Heteroderes, note on, xxx.

Hispide, new species of, 83, 363.

Hispodonta elegantula, 374.

Holonotus nigro-eneus, 57, n.

Homalota, revision of British species, 91.—alphabetical list, 271.

Hyperantha bella, 6.

Jamesia multivittata, 388.

Julodis weneipes, 2.

Lagocheirus rosaceus, 386.—V-album, 386.

Lamellicornia, new species from Nicaragua, 388.

Leptispa Godwini, 364.

Longicornia, new species from Nicaragua, 383.

Lucanide, new species of, 13.

Mallaspis Beltii, 49.—paradoxa, 383.—Salvini, 49.

Mallodonhoplus crassidens, 45.

Meloe, note on larva of, xiv. M. rugosus, near Southend, xx.

Mesomphalia honorata, 85.

‘Niptus gonospermt, in Britain, xx.

Ommatomenus, 11.—O. sericatus, 12.

Ophistomis picticornis, 384.

Parandra gracillima, 38.

Paussus Burchellianus, 319.

Phratora cavifrons, note on, Xx.

Physonota gigantea, losing colour after death, xv.

Polyoza lineata, 48.

Polyplocotes, 316.—P. longicollis, 316.—nitidus, 317.

Prionide, Amazonian species of, 37.—new species of, 11.

Promecotheca Reichii, 374.

Pseudhyperantha, 5.—P. jucunda, 6.

Psiloptera Batesii, 4. ’

Pterostichus Prevostii, monstrosity with eight legs, xxviii.

Pyrodes, note on, 55.—P. dispar, 55.—formosus, 51.—gratiosus, 51.—

nodicornis, 53.

Pyrophorus, luminous larva of, xv, xvi.

(B39)

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Rhipiphorus, on the parasitism of, xxiv.

Saragus floccosus, overgrown with fungus, xxy.

Silvanus similis, in Britain, xx.

Sternocera multipunctata, 1.

Tetracha, on the Australian species of, 351.—T. pulchra, 352.

Thyamis parvula, injurious to flax in Ireland, xv.

Triarthron Maerkelit, in Britain, xix.

Xylotrechus quadripes, note on, xi.

DIPTERA.

Blow-fly, anatomy and physiology of, xxxix.

Chlorops imbedded in a hailstone, xxvi.

Dipterous parasites on bats, iii.

galls on maple, xxi.

Syrphus, swarm of, xxv.

Tipula, abundance of larve of, vi.

HEMIPTERA.

Coccus and sugar-cane, xvi.

Rhizaphis, the vine pest, ii.

HYMENOPTERA.

Acanthostethus, 306.—A. basalis, 307.

Anthophora, note on Meloe in nest of, xx.

Aulacophilus, 305.—A. vespoides, 305.

Calyoza, note on, xi.

Chalcidide, notes on, 313, xxvii.

Colletes cunicularia, in Britain, vii.

Cuckoo-bees and humble-bees, note on, x.

Cynips, the male of, xi—C. lignicola, scent of, xxv.

Dolichurus carbonarius, 303.—ignitus, 304.—taprobane, 304.

Galls and gall-flies, xii, xxi.

Halictus, from Egypt, construction of nest of, xxvii.

Honey-bees, notes on, iii.

Humble-bees and cuckoo-bees, note on, x.

ejection of fluid by, xiii.

Larrada chrysonota, 304.

Megastigmus albifrons, 314.

Melecta armata and larve of Meloe, note on, xiv.

Melipona, note on construction of nest of, xxvii

Methoca mandibularis, 301.

( lvi )

HYMENOPTERA—continued.

Miscothyris, 307.—M. thoracicus, 308. ot Gag ie a

Paragia excellens, 309-—sobrina, 309.—tricolor, habit of, xvii.

Parapison, 298.—P. agilis, 300.—rujicornis, 300.—rufipes, 299.

Pison, catalogue of species of, 289.—P. awrifex, 293.—basalis, 292.—con-

formis, 297.—decipiens, 295.—dimidiatus, 295.—fabricator, 297.—

festivus, 296.—fuscipennis, 294.—insularis, 297.—separatus, 294.—

simillimus, 292.—tibialis, 292.—tuberculatus, 296. ‘

Pisonitus, catalogue of species of, 298. .

Pterombrus, 302.—P. enigmaticus, 303.

Rhynchium magnificum, 310.

Wasp stinging spider to death, xiii.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abravas grossulariata, unpalatableness of larva,-28. :

Anthocharis Cardamines, partially gynandromorphous, xxix.—A. Scoly-

mus, from Shanghai, xxi.

Anthrocera filipendule, unpalatableness of larva, 28.

Apatwra macar, 349.—Zalmunna, 274.

Argynnis Aglaia, variety of, 273.—Niobe, note on, 273, xxi. Brac: from

Shanghai, xxi.

Atella, eastern species of, 343.—A. celebensis, ‘3d.

Aterica Abesa, 74.—Zeugma, 73.

Bombyx Yamamai and Pernyi, notes on, y.

Carpocapsa juliana, variety of, xvi.

Catagramma Aphidna, 72.

Cethosia, species of, 337.—C. Cyrene, 338.

Charaxes Htesipe, note on, 273. ;

Cherocampa, larva resembling snake, xxii.

Cirrochroa, species of, 338.—C. Calypso, 339.—ducalis, 340.

Clothilda, synopsis of, 391.—C. cubana, 396.—insignis, 394.

Cosmopteryx orichalcea, in Cambridgeshire, xvi.

Cyrestis Nais, 347.—Seneca, 347.

Deiopeia pulchella, near Folkestone, xxv.

Diadema, species of, 277.—D. albula, 287.—anomata, 285.—fraternd, 284.

—Hewitson, 282.—Pandora, 281.—Saundersi, 282.

Diwna, Gmelin’s species of, 355.

Dwarf specimens of, v, vi

Elymnias, species of, 321.—H. borneensis, 324.—Hewitsoni, 327.—Hicetas,

327.—Melantho, 330.—papua, 329.—sumatrana, 325 a

323.—Timandr'a, 326.—viminalis, 328,

Eresia Alsina, 33.

( lvii )

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Ergolis, species of, 332.—E, Iseus, 333.—timora, 333.

Eubagis Sosthenes, 34.

Eupithecia togata, capture of, xvi. —

Euripus robustus, 348.

Eurytela, Malayan species of, 331.

Gelechia atrella, bred from Hypericum, xiv.

Hetera polita, 34.

Halia vauaria, unpalatableness of larva, 28.

‘Harma Hypatha, 3, 75. ;

Heliconia Diotrephes, 33.

Heliothis armiger, from Java and Australia, v.—bred from tomatoes, xxviii.

Hestina Zella, 9.

Heterusia remota, cocoon of, xxi.

Heterochroa Caphira, 738.

Junonia timorensis, 346.

Laogona, species of, 344.—L. Hyleus, 345.—Hypatia, 345.

Larve and birds 21, 27, vii—resembling snakes, xxii.—dried and pre-

served, xxv.

Lasiocampa remota and Lebeda hebes, note on, xxii.

Leptalis Carthesis, 71.

Libythea, eastern species of, 334.—L. batchiana, 336.—ceramensis, 336.

Mesosemia Asa, 35.

Mynes, eastern species of, 77.—M. Doubledani, 79.—Guerini, 78.

Nymphidium Onewm, 35.

Cceticus, said to be viviparous, ix.—larva of, from Mount Sinai, xxviii.

Ocona punctata, note on, xxii.

Ornithoptera Brookeana, female of, xxi.

Pachetra leucophea, at Reigate, i.

Papilio, Gmelin’s species of, 355.—P. Merope and its allies, 275.—

Phalecus, 32.—Philetas, 31.—note on the Machaon group, viii.

—note on P. Antimachus, xxi.

Paradowus osiridellus, habits of, xiv.

Parthenos, species of, 348.

Pieris Paroreia, 72.

Prothoe, eastern species of, 80.—P. Hewitsoni, 81.—Westwoodii, 81.

Relation between colour and edibility of larve, 21, 27, vi.

Saturnia pyretorum, yielding the “ gut’’ of fishers, vi.

Sciaphila communana, in Britain, x.

Sphinw populi, larva of, with pupe of parasite attached, xxv.

Terinos, species of, 341.—T’. Nympha, 342.—Robertsia, 342.—Viola, 343.

Trochilium tipuliforme, in New Zealand, xvii.

Varieties of Lepidoptera, 2738, viii, xvi.

( lviii )

NEUROPTERA.

Ascalaphus, note on Australian species, xvii.

Boreus hyemalis and Westwoodii, note on, 399.

Dilar Hornii, a new species from India, vi.

Ephemeride, gigantic species of, viii.

Mantispa, transformations of, xx.

Myrmeleonide, notes on Australian, xvii.

Panorpa, European species of, 59.—P. annexa, 66.—caucasica, 63.—con-

nexa, 65.—Ghilianti, 67.—gibberosa, 64.—nematogaster, 69, xi.

Termes, eaten by birds, frogs, and lizards, xiii. .

tenuis (?), from St. Helena, xiii.

ORTHOPTERA.

Acheta campestris, note on, xvi.

Acridium peregrinum, in England, xxiv, xxviii, xxix.

Blatta melanocephala, in orchid-houses, x.

Conocephalus, brought alive from Africa, iii, xi.

Locusts in England, iii, xi, xxiv, xxviii, xxix.

THYSANURA.

Podwre, note on, xiii.

LONDON :

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Trans Ent Soc. 1869 PUIL

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II. Description of a New Species of "Hestina. ‘By ARTHUR G.

Burier, F.L.8., F.Z.S.

Il. Description of a new Genus and Species of Prionide. By

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Je Si Ban y, BEL Sel a. Spars Retort ol Ae apa ha

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

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