THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1834—1875.

To the Public. To Members.

First Series, 5 volumes (1834-1849)........ Price £6 0 0 £410 O

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The Transactions for the year 1868 ........ 1ROP 30 015 0

5 ; ISG Seren 1,227 10 016 6

ra 5 iksy(Wiaano dace 1S) 40 Li LO

3 i ieyAllac 50 018 9

K 1872 5000 Le72420 016 6

3 Nsiiha ac oone GeO i ie0

= * STA eleleislaiele PAs 0 | ee Se 0,

= USD istelals/e1- eis 1 2-6 016 6

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Cee vai’)

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Explanation of the Plates Vili

Errata... : a ae Vili

List of Members ti Ws Ae ix

MEMOIRS.

PAGE

I. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Rhopalocera

of Australia. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, E.L.S., F.Z.S.,

&c. «e il

II. Descriptions of new species of Endomy ychici. By the Rev.

H. 8. GORHAM 11

Ili. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga.

By JOSEPH S. BALY, F.L.S. : 23

IV. Descriptions of new species of Indian Aculeate Hyme-

noptera, collected by Mr. G. R. JAMES ROTHNEY,

Member of the pelea Society. By FREDERICK

SMITH 33

V. Descriptions of new ‘species of Bees belonging to the

genus JVomia of Latreille. By FREDERICK SMITH 53

VI. On the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. By CHAS.

O. WATERHOUSE .. 71

VII. Synopsis of British Hemiptera-Heter optera, Parr 1

By EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. . 117

VIII. Description of. a new species of Pr osopocclus (Co le-

optera, ee ceney ‘By Mich F. J. SYDNEY PARRY,

E.LS. 161

IX. Description of the male of, Aleimus dilatatus, Fairm.

By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE 163

X. Description of a new species of Myriopod from the bor-

ders of Mongolia. ay ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S.,

F.Z.S., &c. .. 165

XI. A Sketch of our present knowledge of the Neuropterous

Fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and Trichoptera).

By R. M‘LAcHuAN, F.L.S., &c. .. Lon

XII. Descriptions of new Coleoptera from ‘Australia. By.

CHAS. O. WATERHOUSE .. : 191

XIII. Descriptions of some new species of short-tongued Bees

belonging to the genus Womia of Latreille. re J. 0.

WEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S8., &e. .. - 207

XIV. Descriptions of new Heteromerous Coleoptera. By J. 0. .

Westwoop, M.A., F.LS., &e. .. 223

XV. On the species of Rutelide inhabiting Eastern Asia and

the Islands of the Malayan Archipelago. By J. O.

WEstTWooD, M.A., F.LS., &e. .. 233

XVI. Description of a new genus of Clerideous Coleoptera,

from the Malayan eee By J. O. A Eee nae

MVA, EGS: Scey 7. ie 241

Vill MEMOIRS (continued).

XVII. Description of a new species of Lucanide, with a note

on Lissotes obtusatus. By J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A.,

F.L.S., &c. .> 5- -. 243

XVIII. Synopsis of British Heniptora- Heteroptera By Ep-

WARD SAUNDERS. PARTI... .. +t -. 246

XIX. Descriptions of new species of Hndomy ychici. Hy Rev.

H.S.GoORHAM . 311

XX. A List of the Lepidoptera referable to the genus TT, ypsa

of Walker’s List, with descriptions of new genera and

species. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. 315

XXI. On some new genera and species of Heteromerous Cole-

optera (Helopide) from Tierra del Fuego. By CHAS.

O. WATERHOUSE .. -. 331

XXII. Description of a new genus of Coleoptera, belonging to

the family Scaritide. By Dr. HERMANN BURMEISTER 339

Proceedings for 1875 .. ate oe ie se Sc i

Index .. lix

Appendix.—On “Entomological Nomenclature and ‘the Rule

of Priority. By W. ARNOLD LEwis, F.L.S. .. i—xlii

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Platel. =. -» Seepage 51 | Plate VI. .. -- See page 232

Plate II. .. or s 70 | Plate VII... ar 3 232

Plate Tk .. 46 Fe 116 | Plate VIII. vs * 239

Plate IV. .. ts - 222 | Plate IX. .. a - 244

PlateV. <.« Ne 222

ERRATA.

Page 11, line 1, et passim, for “ Endomycici’’ read ‘ Endomychici.”’

3 138, line 20, for “‘ Dr. Renton,” read “ Dr. Reuter.”

» 161, after line 22, insert “ Hab.—Andaman Islands.”

5 228, line 11 (from the bottom), for Family ‘‘ CANTHARID#,” read

Family “ GQ2DEMERID.”

» Xlvi. of Proceedings, line 12, for “ Oxyuri,” read “ Oxyura.

Pl. VI. fig. 3. There should be only four joints in each of the hinder

tarsi instead of five.

Vist of Members

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

3lsr DECEMBER, 1875.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

Ponorarp Wembers.

Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres.

Guenée, Achille, Chateaudun.

Hageh, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.

Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.

Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.

Saussure, H. de, Geneva.

Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen.

Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liege.

Siebold, C. T. E. von, Munich.

Zeller, P. C., Stettin.

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked § are Annual Subscribers.

Date of

Election.

1866

1867S.

1856

1857

1850

1865

1867 S.

1861

1851

1866

1872

1854

1864

1841

1860

1875

1852+

1867

1856

1870

1849 5S.

1869 S.

1862

1874 S.

1855

1868 +

Adams, Henry, F.L.S., 19, Hanover Villas, Notting Mill, W.

Archer, F., Little Crosby Road, Crosby, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3, Hall Rd., St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Atkinson, W. S., M.A., F.L.S., Caleutta.

Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., &c., Professor of

Botany, 5, Brookside, Cambridge.

Baly, Joseph S., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Zhe Butts, Warwick.

Barton, Stephen, 32, St. Wichael’s Hill, Bristol.

Bates, Frederick, 15, Northampton Square, Leicester.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 40, Bartholomew Rd.,

Kentish Town, N.W.

Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.

Bicknell, Perey, Beckenham, Kent.

Bird, G. W., The Dartons, Dartford, Kent.

Birt, Jacob, 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W.

Blackmore, Trovey, 2, Aspley Road, St. Ann’s Hill, Wands-

worth, S.W.

Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &c., 19, Belmont,

Bath.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.8., 5, Mairfield Avenue, Staines.

Bonyouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15, Rue de l’ Université, Paris.

Borrer, William, junr., Cowfold, Sussex.

Bowerbank, James Scott, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 2, Hast

Ascent, St. Leonards-on- Sea.

Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend Road, Norwood, S.E.

Boyd, W. C., Cheshunt, Herts.

Braikenridge, Rev. George Weare, M.A., F.L.S., Clevedon,

Bristol.

Briggs, Thos. Hy., M.A., 6, Old Square, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Brown, Edwin, Burton-on-Trent.

Brown, N. E., Brighton Road, Red Hill.

Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.8., The Cedars,

High Wycombe, Bucks.

Bull, R. E., 85, Milton Street, Dorset Square, N.W.

Burnell, Edward Henry, 32, Bedford Row, W.C.

Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., SECRETARY, 17,

Oxford Road, Ealing, W.

Date of

Election.

1860

1868

1871

1875

1871

1867

1865

1874

1873

1865

1853

1867

1868

1873

1865

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Candéze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

Carrington, Charles, Hilerslie, Merton, S.W.

Champion, G. C., 274, Walworth Road, 8.E.

Chapman, Thomas, 56, Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

Charlton, Ernest S., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham.

Clarke, Alexander Henry, 16, Purnival’s Inn, B.C.

Clarke, Charles Baron, M.A., F.L.S., 17, Chowringhee, Calcutta.

Cockle, Captain George, 9, Bolton Gardens, S.W.

Cole, Benjamin G., The Common, Stoke Newington, N.E.

Cole, William, Zhe Common, Stoke Newington, N.K.

Colquhoun, Hugh, M.D., Anchorage, Bothwell, N.B.

Cooke, Benj., Sunnyside Cottage, Bowdon, Altrincham.

Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.

Cox, Herbert Edward.

Cumming, Linnzus, B.A., 22, Warwick Square, Rugby.

Curzon, E. P. Roper.

Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne.

Dallas, William Sweetland, F.L.S., Geological Society, Bwr-

lington House, W.

Darwin, Charles, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Down, Beckenham,

Kent.

Dawson, John, Carron, Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c.,

Devonshire House, 78, Piccadilly, W.

Dickson, Professor William, Curator of the University Library,

Glasgow.

Distant, W. L., Streatham Cottage, Buccleuch Road, West

Dulwich, 8.K.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.

Dormer, Lord, Grove Park, Warwick.

Dowsett, A., 16, Worth Street, Brighton.

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 1, Circus Road, St. John’s

Wood, N.W.

Duer, Yeend, Cleygate House, Esher.

Duncan, Prof. P. M., M.D., F.R.S., &c., Lee, S.E.

Dunning, Joseph William, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., 24, Old

Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C.

Dupré, Charles Christian, F.L.S., 3, Coleridge Road, Seven

Sisters Road, Holloway, N.

D’Urban, W. S. M., F.L.S., Albuera, St. Leonards, Exeter.

Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., Bridy Lodge, Chepstow

Road, Croydon.

Emich, Gustave d’, Pesth.

Fitch, Edward A., Brick House, Maldon, Essex.

Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.

Fletcher, J. E., Pitmaston Road, St. John’s, Worcester.

Foot, A. W., M.D., 21, Lower Pembroke Street, Dublin.

Date of

Election.

1875

1870

1869

1855

1865

1874

1865

1875 S.

1855

1874

1850

1865

1872

1874 §.

1846

1850

1874

1858

1864

1846

1866

1869

1865

1870

1869 S.

1843

1869 S§&.

1853

1872 S.

1865 S.

1872

1861

1842

1875

1868

1865.

LIST OF MEMBERS. xii

Forbes, W. A., 32, Gower Street, W.C.

Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester.

French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Bristol Road,

Gloucester.

Fry, Alexander, F.L.8:, Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood

Park, Norwood, 8.2.

Fust, H. Jenner, jun., M.A., Hild Court, Falfield, Gloucester.

Garneys, W., M.R.C.S., Repton, Burton-on-Trent.

Godman, Frederick Du Cane, M.A., F.L.8., &c., Park Hatch,

Godalming.

Gooch, W. D., Spring Vale, Little Umhlanga, Victoria

County, Natal. -

Gorham, Rev. Henry Stephen, Shipley, Sussea.

Goss, Herbert, 8, Goldsmid Road, Brighton.

Gould, John, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford

Square, W.C.

Gray, John, Wheatfield House, Bolton, Lancashire.

Greene, Rey. J.. M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley Rd., Clifton, Bristol.

Greening, Noah, Warrington.

Greenwood, M., 26, Queen’s Road, Dalston, E.

Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.S., SECRETARY, 9, King Street, South-

wark, S.E.

Guyon, George, Southeliff Cottage, Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regiment, Fort George,

Inverness.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52, Barerstrasse, Munich.

Harper, P. H., 30, Cambridge Street, Hyde Park Square, W.-

Hewitson, William Chapman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Oatlands,

Weybridge.

Higgins, E. T., M.R.C.S., 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

Hudd, A. E., 96, Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Jacques, F. V., 7, Apsley Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Janson, E. M., Las Lajas, Chontales, Nicaragua.

Janson, Edward W., LIBRARIAN, 21, Fonthill Road, Tolling-

ton Park, N.

Janson, Oliver E., 21, Fonthill Road, Tollington Park, N.

Jekel, Henri, 2, Rue Letort, Paris.

Jenner, J. H. A., High Street, Lewes.

John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd.

Kaye, Ernest, Rose Hill, Forest Hill.

Kirby, W. F., Royal Dublin Society, Kildare Street, Dublin.

Kuper, Rev. Charles Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage,

Trelleck, Chepstow.

Lamarche. Oscar, 70, Rue Louvrex, Liége.

Lang, Major A. M., R. E., Thomason Civil Engineering College,

Roorkee, India. ~°

Latham, A. G., Weaste Hall, Pendleton, Manchester.

XIV

Date of

Election.

1868

1869

1835

1872

1875

1865

1849

1850

1851

1858

1869

1873

1865

1856

1872

1874

1865

1860

1865

1872

1869

1871

1866

18538

1872

1859

1869

1872

1870

1849

1869

1873

1841

1840

+ + DR

D+.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

ten, Capt. Augustus F., F.L.S., Sunbury House, Sunbury,

Lewis, William Arnold, F.L.S., 4, Crown Office Row, Temple,

Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., 1, Derby Villas,

Cheltenham.

Livett, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset.

Livingstone, Clermont, Tudor Lodge, Snaresbrook, E.

Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.S., Ynisygerwn, Neath.

Logan, R. F., Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, Edinburgh.

Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park Load.

Wimbledon Park, S.W.

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., High Elms,

Farnborough, Kent.

M‘Intosh, J.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.L.S., TREASURER, 39, Limes Grove,

Lewisham, 5.E.

Marseul, L’Abbé 8. A. de, Boulevard Pereire, 271, Paris.

Marsh, John George, 842, Old Kent Road, 8.B.

Marshall, Rev. Thomas Ansell, M.A., F.L.S., Zhe Grange,

Lastingham, near Pickering, Yorkshire.

Marshall, William, Him Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

Mason, J. E., Alford, Lincolnshire.

Mason, Philip B., M.R.C.S., Burton-on-Trent.

Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., H. M. 8. Britannia, Davt-

mouth.

May, J. W., Arundel House, Percy Oross, Fulham Road, S.W.

Meek, Edward G., 56, Brompton Road, S.W.

Meldola, Raphael, F.C.S., 21, John Street, Bedford Row, W.C.

Melvill, J. Cosmo, B.A., 16, Back Square, Manchester.

Miskin, W. H., Supreme Court, Brisbane, Queensland.

Mniszech, Comte G. de, 22, Rue Balzac, Paris.

Moore, Frederic, 110, Oakfield Road, Penge, S.E.

Moreton, Lord, 16, Portman Square, W.

Mosse, G. Staley, Clarendon House, Stanford Road, Ken-

sington, W.

Miller, Albert, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Director of the Zoological

Gardens, Basle, Switzerland.

Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland.

Murray, Rev. Richard Paget, M.A., Beckenham, Kent.

Newman, Edward, F.LS., F.Z.S., M. Imp. L. C., Acad.,

7, York Grove, Queen’s Road, Peckham, 8.E.

Oberthur, Charles (fils), Rennes.

Olivier, Ernest, Moulins (Allier), France.

Owen, Richard, C.B., M.D., F.R.S., F.LS., &c., British

Museum, W.C.

Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18, Onslow

Square, S.W.

Date of

Election.

1854

1872

1870

1874

1851

1867

1866

1870

1872

1874

1871

1853

LIST OF MEMBERS. XV

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.S., 1, Burlington Road, Westbourne

Park, W.

Phipson, A., 18, Fenchurch Street, E.C.

Pictet, Edward, Avenue de Pin, Geneve.

Porritt, George T., F.L.S., Huddersfield.

Power, H. d’Arcy, 8, Manor Terruce, New Church Road,

Camberwell, S.B.

Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.8., Zhe College,

Marlborough.

Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan,

Pryer, W. B., Shanghai.

Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent.

Ransom, William Henry, M.D., F.R.S., The Pavement, Not-

tingham.

Reed, Edwyn, C., Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile.

Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, St. Lowis, Missouri.

Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson. Marquis of, K.G.,

F.R.S., F.L.S., 1, Carlton Gardens, S.W.

Robinson, E. W., 414, Prince of Wales Road, Kentish Town,

N.W.

Robinson-Douglas, W. Douglas, Orchardton, Castle-Douglas,

N.B.

Rothera, G. B., High Street Place, Nottingham.

Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta.

Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields,

Thelwall, Warrington.

Sallé, Auguste, 13, Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris.

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 6, Tenterden Street,

Hanover Square, W., and Brookland Avenue, Cambridge.

ea Edward, F.L.S., 2, Spencer Park, Wandsworth,

Saunders, G. S., Spencer Park, Wandsworth, S.W.

Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., PRESIDENT, Rosenheim,

Reigate.

Saunders, William Wilson, F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., Raystead,

Worthing.

Schaufuss, L. W., Ph. D., M. Imp., L. C. Acad., &c., Dresden.

Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India.

Semper, George, A/tona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Hecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

Shepherd, Edwin, 21, Albert Terrace, Clapham Road, S.W.

Sheppard, Augustus F., Rose Bank, Eltham Road, Lee, S8.E.

Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S., 18, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.

Sidebotham, Joseph, 19, George Street, Manchester.

Smith, Frederick, 27, Richmond Crescent, Islington, N.

bse Henley Grose, Warnford Court, Throgmorton Street,

Spence, W. B.

XVi

Date of

Election.

1848

1862

1837

1866

1854

1856

1838

1853

1859

1874

1869

1849

1866

1870

1858

1863

1866

1874

1875

1850

1869

1845

1868

1865

1874

1843

1874

1862

1866

1865

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Mountsfield,

Lewisham, 8.E.

Stevens, John S., 88, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Nor-

wood, S.E.

Swanzy, Andrew, F.L.S., Sevenoaks.

Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thomson, James, 12, Rue de Presbourg, Place de Etoile,

Paris.

Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick, Ph. D., F.R.S., F.L.S.,

Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Peradenia, Ceylon.

Tompkins, H., 28, Tavistock Square, W.C.

Trimen, Roland, F.L.8., Colonial Office, Cape Town, Cape of

Good Hope.

Tuely, Nathaniel Clissold, Mortimer Lodge, Wimbledon Park,

S.W.

Vaughan, Howard, 55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C.

Vaughan, P. H., Redland, Bristol.

Verrall, G. H., Friar’s Cottage, Lewes, Sussex.

Walker, Rey. Francis Augustus, M.A., F.L.S., Dry Drayton

Rectory, Cambridge.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Zrinity House, Colchester.

pe: Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c., The Dell, Grays,

ISSea.

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.Z.8S., &c., 23,

Arlington Street, W.

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S., Savile Road, Halifax.

Ward, Allan Ogier, 11, Old Broad Street, E.C.

Ward, Frederick Henry, Springfield, Tooting, S.W.

Waring, 8. L., Zhe Oaks, Norwood, 8.K.

Waterhouse, Charles O., British Musewm, W.C.

Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.S., &c., British Museum, W.C.

Websdale, C. G., 78, High Street, Barnstaple.

Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath, S.E.

Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &c., Professor of

Zoology, Walton Manor, Oxford.

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., Perth, N.B., F.L.S.

White, Rev. William Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucester-

shire.

Wilson, Owen, Camffrud, Carmarthen.

Wollaston, T. Vernon, M.A., F.L.S., 1, Barnepark Terrace,

Teignmouth, Devon.

Wood-Mason, James, Curator of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Wormald, Perey C., 2, Clifton Villas, Highgate Hill, N.

Wright, E. Perceval, M.A., M.D., F.L.S., &c., Professor of

Botany, Trinity College, Dublin.

Young, Morris, Mree Museum, Paisley.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR 1875.

I. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Rhopa-

locera of Australia. By Artour G. BUTLER,

PES. Z,5.; &e.

[Read 1st February, 1875. ]

I HAVE, for some time past, contemplated writing a descrip-

tive Catalogue of the Rhopalocera of Australia, somewhat

after the plan of my friend Trimen’s admirable treatise on

the African butterflies—Rhopalocera Africe Australis ;

indeed, I have a great part of the MS. ready for the press,

but one cause or another has, for months past, prevented

my continuing it; and, as I do not at present see my way

clear to complete it, I propose in the paper now before the

Society to describe several species which I have deter-

mined to be new to science (the types of which I am

anxious to secure for the National Collection), and at the

same time to make a few observations upon the work of

other authors who have written on the butterflies of

Australia.

Subfam. DANAINZ@.

Calliplea, n. gen.

Wings broad and short, primaries of the male with

inner margin distinctly convex; the wing not marked

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) B

2 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Contributions towards

with sericeous streaks; secondaries of the male with a

pale, generally ovate patch upon the subcostal nervure ;

antenne rather short, slender.*

Type, C. darchia (Euplaa darchia, M‘Leay).

Calliplea niveata, n. sp.

Wings above pitchy-brown, brilliantly shot with purple ;

primaries with a lilacine white subcostal spot beyond cell ;

a disco-submarginal series of nine lilac-edged white spots,

united and placed obliquely towards apex; secondaries

with costal area broadly silky whitish; a subochraceous

patch on upper half of discoidal cell; a broad white sub-

marginal band, beginning at the anal angle and suddenly

diminishing on first discoidal inter space, whence it is only

represented by two small subapical white spots on the

subcostal interspaces: body blackish; head, prothorax

and pterygodes white-spotted ; wings below olivaceous-

brown ; primaries with a submarginal series of white dots

and an elongate lilacine white spot on first median inter-

space; secondaries with two apical submarginal white

dots; base black, white-spotted: body blackish, white-

spotted : expanse of wings 2 inches, 11 lines.

8, 2 Queensland (Whitely); ¢@ Australia. Type,

SVE

Allied to Calliplea hyems from Timor, with which I

confounded it in my Monograph, not having seen more

than a single example; since then, however, I have ex-

amined several of them and found them quite constant ;

there are examples in Mr. Druce’s collection.

The most nearly allied Australian species is C. priapus

of my Monograph, an insect closely allied to, but larger,

darker and altogether more brilliantly coloured than C.

darchia of M‘Leay.

Subfam. SATYRINA.

Genus Hypocysra.

Hypocysta undulata, n. sp.

N early allied to H. Adiante of Hiibner, but the 2

maries with comparatively longer costal and outer margins

* In this genus I propose to group the Z. Tulliolus section of the

old genus Euplea ; ; the latter designation comprehends at least three good

natural genera,

a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Australia. 2

inner margin shorter; secondaries with costal margin

shorter; inner margin longer; colouring on both surfaces

much brighter; marginal brown borders above better

defined but narrower; secondaries with apical spot indi-

cated as an ocellus; discal ocellus smaller, widely sepa-

rated from the margin; primaries below with indication

of submarginal streak; secondaries with dusky basal area

not extending to the end of cell, crossed by an ill-defined

brownish zigzag line, its outer edge dentate-sinuate and

of a brighter red-brown than in H. Adiante ; ocelli smaller,

all well separated from basal area: expanse of wings 1 inch,

5 lines.

Champion Bay (Du Boulay). Type, B. M.

Hypocysta metirius, n. sp.

é Wings above smoky-brown; secondaries with an

irregular discal fulvous fascia extending from the second

subcostal to the first median branch, deeply sinuated in-

ternally beyond end of cell, and dentate-sinuate externally,

bounded at its lower external edge by a large black sub-

anal ocellus, with white pupil and orange iris; a narrow

anal submarginal orange lineole: body greyish-brown :

wings below altogether paler than above, primaries with

an indistinct transverse discal line, an irregular sub-

marginal line and an almost marginal line; outer margin

subochraceous ; a small indistinct subapical ocellus ;

secondaries with two irregular reddish-brown central lines,

the outer one bounding the basal area; disc pale ochreous,

outer margin orange; ocelli and silver lines as in the

preceding species: body pale: expanse of wings 1 inch,

6 lines.

¢ Larger and altogether paler than the male; primaries

below with discal transverse line dentate-sinuate ; second-

aries with ocelli smaller; margin paler: expanse of wings

1 inch, 64 lines.

Australia (Stephenson and Argent). B. M.

Hypocysta pseudirius, n. sp.

8 Wings above smoky-brown; secondaries with discal

area from second subcostal to below first median branch

fulvous, irregular externally ; a minute apical ocellus and

a conspicuous black ocellus with white pupil, fulvous iris,

and dusky zone, cut by the second median branch; a sub-

marginal fulyous line: ed erey-brown: wings below

4 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Contributions towards

pale grey-brown ; primaries with apical half of discal area

irrorated with creamy scales; an indistinct submarginal

dentate-sinuate brown line ; two punctiform black ocelli

on discoidal interspaces : body below white; secondaries

with two central irregular brown lines; discal area stra-

mineous; four black ocelli with white pupils, narrow

yellow irides and silver zones, the first apical, the second

small, on lower discoidal interspace, the third and fourth

on median interspaces, enclosed in a single silver zone; a

submarginal silver band ; outer margin orange; fringe

grey-brown: expanse of wings 1 inch, 5 lines.

Between Sydney and Moreton Bay (Damel). B. M.

Hypocysta epirius, n. sp.

$ Wings above pale smoky-brown; secondaries with

discal area “pale ochreous, nearly as in H. pseudirius, but

the brown outer margin narrower and intersected by a

broader ochreous line; discal ocellus sometimes double:

body grey-brown: wings below rather paler; secondaries

with two very irregular central brown lines; discal area

pale brownish-stramineous ; ocelli as in FH. pseudirius,

but smaller; silver zones and submarginal band indistinct:

body below cream-coloured: expanse of wings 1 inch,

5 lines.

@ Broader than male and rather brighter in colouring;

secondaries above with ill-defined ocellus on lower dis-

coidal interspace ; primaries below with paler discal area;

an indistinct angulated brown line and a dentate-sinuate

submarginal line ; two punctiform black ocelli on discoidal

interspaces: expanse of wings 1 inch, 6 lines.

$ Australia (Macgillivray); ¢ Moreton Bay ( Gib-

bons). B. M.

Subfam. NYMPHALINE.

Genus NEPTIS.

Neptis latifasciata, n. sp.

Nearly allied to N. Shepherdi of Moore, but differs

from it in the less distinct discoidal streak and spot of

primaries, the larger discal spots, the more distinct sub-

marginal spots; and the much broader transverse band of

secondaries: expanse of wings 2 inches, 9 lines.

Queensland ( Whitely). Type, B. M.

a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Australia. a

Neptis mortifacies, n. sp.

Wings above black-brown, fringe white-spotted; pri-

maries with three points in the cell, two placed obliquely

beyond the cell, a subcostal point, and two subapical

discal spots (placed obliquely), a large bifid spot (cut by

the second median branch) on disc, an elongate bifid spot

on inner margin, and an irregular submarginal series of

small spots, white; the large discal and the internal spots

narrowly edged with dull lilacine scales; secondaries with

a broad central subquadrate white band, narrowly edged

externally with dull lilacine; six minute discal white

points: body dark brown: wings below olivaceous-brown,

all the white markings much larger than above; discoidal

area of primaries reddish-brown, internal area pale brown;

a basal subcostal white streak; secondaries with a dirty-

white subbasal band: body creamy whitish: expanse of

wing's 2 inches, 5 lines.

Queensland (Whitely). Type, B. M.

Allied to VW. Venilia and WN. illigera, the large discal

spot of primaries directed inwards as in the latter species,

the band of secondaries as broad as in the broadest ex-

amples of N. Agatha.

Junonia albicincta, n. sp.

Junonia Orithya, Linn. (part).

$ Primaries above black, two reddish-orange spots in

discoidal cell, central costal area sordid white, a white

oblique band from second third of costa to outer margin,

sinuated internally, cut by the black nervures, and inter-

rupted on lower discoidal and second median interspaces

by a blue-black transverse fasciole; a trifid white subapical

fasciole ; a submarginal series of decreasing sordid white

spots; frige white-spotted, a small subapical black ocellus

with purple pupil and orange iris, and above it part of a

second similar ocellus; a very indefinite ocellus on first

median interspace ; secondaries bright blue, changing in

certain lights to violet ; interno-basal area black; costa and

inner margin brown; a small ocellus on first median inter-

space, and occasionally a black spot with purple centre on

upper discoidal interspace; outer margin, including fringe,

broadly white; the edge and a very narrow submarginal

line grey-brown: body black-brown, head reddish, antennze

white: wings below sordid white or cream-coloured ; pri-

6 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Contributions towards

maries with discoidal area pale pearly blue, crossed by

three black-edged orange bands; discal area crossed from

costa to external angle by a broad diffused dark brown

nebulous band, relieving the white band of upper surface ;

ocelli as above, but sometimes dull and alw ays distinct; all

the white spots as above; secondaries crossed towards base

by several indistinct brownish or better defined orange

lines; an oblique dark or reddish-brown sinuated band

(sometimes represented by two parallel lines) from costa to

anal angle; discal area at times somewhat dusky, a row of

blackish dots, two of which are most frequently represented

by large violet and black ocelli with orange irides; a sub-

marginal series of brown inyerted lunules and a fine mar-

ginal line: body cream-coloured: expanse of wings 2 inches,

1 line.

@ Larger than the male, both ocelli well defined on all

the wings ; basal half of secondaries above black-brown ;

marginal lines well marked; orange colouring below pro-

nounced; a distinct, pale-ochraceous, forked marking

towards base of secondaries: expanse 2 inches, 2 lines.

N. Australia (£isey); Queensland (Whitely). B. M.

This species, although nearly allied to J. Orithya, may

always be distinguished by the much whiter outer border

of secondaries ; the male also differs constantly in the obso-

lete character of the lower ocellus of primaries, the almost

entire absence of blue at external angle, and frequently in

the absence of the upper ocellus of secondaries, both of the

ocelli being also constantly smaller.

Genus DIADEMA.

Diadema constans, n. sp.

$ Similar to D. nerina 6, from which it differs as fol-

lows:—Primaries with outer margin paler; subapical white

spot bifid, postcellular trifid white patch much ‘narrower ;

a discal series of five white dots from the subapical spot

to beyond the outer extremity of the postcellular patch;

secondaries with the central quadrifid white patch narrower

(sometimes entirely suffused with lilacine); five discal white

dots; marginal area paler: wings below altogether more

uniform in tint; the marginal and submarginal lunulate

spots uniformly dull buff; the white bands narrower and -

tinted with pink, that of secondaries edged with purplish

internall is the discal series of dots uniformly small and

white ; primaries with barely a trace of the reddish colour-

a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Australia, 7

ing in discoidal cell, no black colouring on the lower half

of disc, and the subcostal spots reduced to minute dots:

expanse of wings 3 inches, 2 lines.

? Somewhat like D. nerina ¢ , but without a trace of

the tawny colouring above, with the white band of primaries

and the broad central white patch of secondaries surrounded

and tinted with brilliant purple instead of bluish-green; the

squamose submarginal lunules pale brown; secondaries

with the outer edge of the central patch dentate-sinuate

as in D. Diomea; five discal white dots; wings below

much more uniform than in D. nerina, submarginal

lunulate spots whitish, becoming obsolete towards apex of

primaries; the white band of secondaries much broader,

dentate as above; the discal series of small spots smaller

and whiter; primaries with only a tint of reddish on basal

half of primaries, no tawny patch; only the external angle

blackish; secondaries with no trace of the mahogany-

colour on outer half of disc; costal spot semicircular,

submarginal spots larger: expanse of wings 4 inches,

4 lines.

$, 2 Tasmania? Type, B. M.

The above species was purchased at the sale of the

Collection of the Entomological Society, and as it is

certainly of the Australian type, and many of the Lepi-

doptera then obtained were from Tasmania, I have little

doubt but that the above locality is correct: there were

certainly some N. Indian insects in the same lot, but the

Indian type of Diadema is quite distinct from the Aus-

tralian; besides which it is probable that if it were an

Indian species Mr. Moore would have it in his Collection,

which he certainly has not.

Before leaving, for the present, the Australian Butterflies,

I should like to say a word or two respecting the Catalogue

prepared by Mr. Masters, and Mr. Miskin’s criticism of

it in a paper read before the Entomological Society in

1873. I need scarcely say that I do not agree with

either author in rejecting the excellent arrangement. of

the Suborder proposed by Mr. Bates in the Journal of

Entomology; for 1 think, when they have seen and studied

that paper (instead of ascribing the arrangement to our

worthy friend Mr. Kirby), they will at once see that it is

the only classification of the butterflies ever proposed which

shows a clear perception of the affinities of the groups,

or which reduces them to anything like a natural series.

8 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Contributions towards

Mr. Miskin corrects Mr. Masters as to D. Petilia of

Stoll, but he is mistaken; D. Chrysippus is perfectly

distinct; we have plenty of both, and they are as constant

as any two existing species: D. Chrysippus does not occur

in Australia; Danais limniace does not occur in Australia,

it is only found in India; D. hamata is a smaller and quite

distinct species, and is, I think, identical with D. australis

of Boisduval; Huplea Angasii is a perfectly distinct

species, of which we have a good series in the Collection

of the British Museum; it is more nearly allied to L. eleutho

than to E. sylvester, Fabr.*

There are, I believe, four distinct species of Diadema

in Australia—D. alimena, Linn.; DV. alemene, Cramer

(white bands on undersurface of both sexes indistinct) ;

$ D. auge=$¢ D. nerina = var. D. proserpina, Cram.

(white bands below distinct, tawny colouring more prevalent

above); and D. constans, n. sp., supra.f

Diadema Lisianassa (nee Lasinassa) is = D. Manilia,

Cramer, and only occurs, so far as | know, in Amboina:

D. Bolina ranges all over India, from the Himalayas to

Ceylon, and is of a very different type.

Argynnis niphe does not occur in Australia; the insect

intended is A. inconstans, Butler (Cist. Ent. vii. p. 164):

A, niphe is a well-known mimic of Danais Chrysippus,

but, so far as I have been able to ascertain, A. inconstans

has not followed its example with respect to D. petilia.

Cynthia arsinoé of Masters is the C. ada of M. R. Butler,

P. Z. 8. 1873; C. arsinoé appears to be confined to Am-

boina and Ceram, but at any rate the Queensland species

is utterly different.

Doleschallia Australis, Felder, is quite distinct from

D. bisaltide. My. Miskin is also wrong in considering

the genus to be identical with Aadlima.

Mycalesis Remulia of Cramer does not occur in Aus-

tralia, the Satyrus Remulia of Godart beimg quite dis-

tinct, and = M., terminus, Fabricius.

In my Catalogue of Satyride I restricted Xenica,

Westwood, to the two species X. abeona and X. Joanna ;

and as I have figured the structural distinctions between

my two genera Gettoneura and Argynnina, it would be

* With regard to this species see my Fabrician Catalogue, p. 3 (1869).

+ We have a good series of D. alemene and D. auge in both sexes, but

no intermediate.

a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Australia. 9

mere waste of time to repeat them here: as Professor

Westwood, in first characterizing the group Xenica as a

subgenus, did not mention which of the species included

therein was his type, I had an admitted right, when I

split it up into three genera, to select any one ; of the spe-

cies as type, and I was per feetly Justified in retaining that

type in its original position (making it a subgenus of

Epinephele, as it had formerly been of Lasiommata).

Kirby in this, as in several other instances, went out of

his way to sink properly constituted genera: he would

have done much better had he restored Thecla betule to

its genus and turned out all the pretty invaders which are

often now referred to the Fabrician genus, to the exclusion

of the type; this must be done eventually,—indeed most

Entomologists are doing it already.

Mr. Masters has wrongly referred the species of Hypo-

cysta to Cenonympha (not to Mycalesis); but I believe

that Cenonympha does not occur in Australia.

Mr. Masters also asserts that 7. Hecabe is = T. Sari

of Horsfield (of which we possess the type); I can assure

him, however, that the two insects are as distinct as

almost any two in the genus: J. Sari is confined to Java,

Borneo and perhaps Malacca.

Pieris aruna of Masters (nec Boisduval)'is Delias in-

ferna of Butler: D. ceneus does not occur in Australia,

nor does a single typical Pieris ; the species in the Cata-

logue by Mr. Masters are referable to the three genera

Delias, Appias and Belenois: Eronia does not occur in

Australia, but Nepheronia may. Callidryas is now re-

stricted to the C. eubule group, the Old World species

being all referable to Catopsilia.

C. evangelina does not occur in Australia, nor does

C. pyranthe. In the Papilionine, I would correct the

following errors— Ornithoptera euphorion and O. poseidon

are sexes; Papilio erithonius is not = P. sthenelus, and

does not range into Australia; P. sarpedon is quite dis-

tinct from P. choredon, and P. ulysses from P. joesa ;

P. sarpedon ranges from N. India to Borneo, but I think

no farther; P. ulysses is confined to the Moluccas, and is

as distinct from P. joesa as it is from P. philippus,

P. pericles or P. telegonus. P. lycaon, Westw., has

nothing whatever to do with P. eurypylus, L.

In the Hesperide, 1 would suggest that the generic

designation Protedes he abandoned, P. vulpecula of

Pritiwitz not being a Protcides, but = Netrocoryne

10 Mr. A. G. Butler’s Contributions, §c.

repanda of Felder. N. beata and N. denitza* of Hewit-

son are not referable to the latter genus, but to Chetoc-

neme. A. argenteo-ornatus of Hewitson is certainly not

an Astictopterus. Hesperilla halyzia and H. Leachii are

sexes.

As regards the Lycenide, I have paid but little atten-

tion to them, but I should refer “Lucia” lucanus to

Zeritis ; L. aurifer is identical with Lycena discifer, and

would better be placed in Chrysophanus ; Holochila absi-

milis, Felder, should be retained as a distinct genus;

LL. agricola is a Lycena, L. alsulus probably a Lampides,

LL. amazaraa Lycenesthes, L. ancyra and berenice species

of Lampides, L. biocellata probably Lycenesthes, L. byzos

probably Scolitantides, L. enejus and damoétes, Lampides ;

L. danis a Danis, L. dion a Lampides, L. erinus a

Lycena, L. ignita a Miletus, L. labradus and lysimon,

Lycene; L. perusia, platissa, serpentata and strabo

species of Lampides, L. salamandri= L. taygetus a Danis,

L. xanthospilos a Pithecops.

The name Miletus has priority over Hypochrysops, and

should be retained: JZ. epicletus is not Australian. There

are two nearly allied species of Amblypodia in Australia,

one of them nearly allied to dA. amytis, the other to

A. centaurus ; probably Mr. Miskin got hold of one and

Mr. Masters of the other; the two insects seem both to

be distinct from the above-named species.

Since the publication of Mr. Masters’ Catalogue, several

new Australian forms have been described both by

Mr. Hewitson and myself, but I shall reserve them, as

well as the question of admitting all the other species

claimed for the Australian fauna by Mr. Miskin, for my

intended work on the Butterflies of Australia.

* Hewitson’s figures of these species are, I believe, wrongly numbered.

Il. Descriptions of new species of Endomycici.

By the Rev. H. 8. GorHam.

[Read 1st March, 1875.]

Genus TRYCHERUS, Gerst.

Trycherus longanimis, Thomson, Arch. Ent. ii. 238,

nec erotyloides, Gerst.

Oblongus, elytris ovatis, nigro-piceus, nitidus, thoracis

lateribus rufo-piceis, ely ytris fascia ante medium denticu-

lata a sutura interrupta, lunulaque subapicali flavis, apice

fusca. Long. lin. 5, ¢, 2.

Mas, tibiis anticis dente parvo ad apicem interne armatis,

intermediis sinuatis muticis, abdominis segmento penul-

timo carina transversa, hic medio exculpta.

Head thickly and rather more strongly punctured than

the thorax, the latter twice as wide as long, widest at the

base; the sides scarcely sinuate, but more suddenly nar-

rowed in at the apical angles, which are prominent and

triangular; hind angles acute, a little produced behind.

Sides and base margined, basal sulci depressed, extending

beyond the middle. Llytra elongate -oval, obsoletely

punctured, and-(under a strong lens) appearing finely

coriaceous between the punctures; before the middle a

yellow fascia, interrupted by the suture, and not continued

across the reflexed margin, produced at each end, both

forward and behind, and having a denticulation in the

middle behind, that which is on the margin towards the

base of the elytra the longest, reaching ‘to the humeral

callus; the apex is fuscous, shading off into a yellow

lunule. Body beneath, legs, and club of the antenn»

pitchy ; the rest of the latter, the elytra and disc of the

thorax pitchy-black.

In the male the front tibize have near their apex a small

triangular tooth, or rather projection, while the middle

pair are only sinuous, and not incised, as is frequent in

this genus. The fourth segment of the abdomen has, in

the middle of its hind margin, a short transverse carina,

depressed in the centre, and hence appearing bituber-

culate.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.)

12 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

The female has the club of the antennze very much less

dilated, and its apical joint short, and nearly wholly

testaceous.

Hab.—Old Calabar, Coll. Fry. Gabon, Coll. Gorham.

Obs.—I have in my Catalogue (End. Rec., p. 11)

referred this species to Erotyloides, Gerst. It is, how-

ever, quite distinct, though resembling it in colour and

pattern; it may be known by its ereater size, and more

elongate form. The male of Erot tyloides is not known.

The specimen in my collection is labelled “ longanimis,

Th.” The description given by Thomson being so brief,

I have thought it better to re-describe this species.

Trycherus Fryanus, n. sp.

Oblongus, elytris ovalibus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, elytris

rufo-piceis, margine later ais maculis tribus, und sub-

humerali, duabus oblongis mediis in fasciam fere digestis,

sutura, apiceque indeterminate nigro-piceis. Long. lin. 4, .

Mas, tibiis intermedius dente parvulo sub-apicali in-

structis, apice infra dentem incurvato.

Head thickly, rather strongly, thorax more spar-

ingly and lightly punctured; the latter transverse-

quadrate, with the sides parallel from the base to the

middle, thence narrowed to the apical angles. Hind

angles right; lateral margins somewhat thickened and

raised; surface uneven; basal sulci indistinctly defined.

Elytra wider and more oval than in ¢ricolor, Gerst.,

thickly and strongly punctured, pitchy-red, with the

margins entirely (except at the base near the scutellum)

of the same dark pitchy-black as the rest of the body; the

same colour forms two oblong spots, conjoined in the

middle, and which also join the margin, and the apex is

also dark. The club of the antennz is not much dilated;

joints 4—8 are longer than wide, 9 and 10 oradually

widened; apical short, transverse} legs and underside

dark pitchy. In the single specimen which I have seen,

and which is a male, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th segments an

the abdomen beneath are a little raised in the middle

of their hind margins. The middle tibize have their

apices bent inwards in the broken-looking way so frequent

in the Humorphide, and with a minute tooth just above

this inflexion. It is scarcely correct to describe them as

incised, though they have this appearance.

flab. —Angola. Coll. Fry.

new species of Endomycict. 13

Family EUMORPHID &.

Genus Eumorruus, Weber.

EHumorphus Fryanus, n. sp.

Niger, nitidus, thorace transverso, antice angustato ;

elytris ovatis maculis duabus magnis rotundatis flavis,

politis. Long. lin. 54—64, ¢, ¢.

Mas, tibiis anticis infra medium dente distante intus,

processu compresso, triangulari, extus instructis; tibiis

intermediis fortius inflexis.

Nearly allied to FE. Guerini, Gorh. Larger and rather

more convex. ‘The spots on the elytra are also larger.

Antennz of moderate length. Thorax transverse in the

male, the hind angles acute, and produced, but not much

deflexed ; in the female they are rectangular, the sides of

the thorax are more thickened and reflexed in the female,

and their thickened edge is somewhat “ puckered,” a cha-

racter I also notice in Gwerini. Elytra very smooth,

evenly elliptical and convex, margin of moderate width;

body beneath and legs black ; the apex and sides of the

abdomen are obsoletely punctured. The most apparent

difference between this species, and the one I have de-

scribed as Guerinz, is to be seen in the construction of the

front and middle pairs of tibiz ; the outer edge of the

front tibie in Fryanus being widened from the base to

about the middle into a sharp keel, which is obliquely cut

off at that distance from the apex on the inner side, and

immediately below and opposite this keel is the usual

tooth; the middle tibiz are much bent at their middle,

and the apex compressed, giving them a distorted look.

Hab.—Malacca. Six specimens in Coll. A. Fry, Esq.,

to whom I dedicate the species.

Family CORYNOMALID &.

Genus CorRYNOMALUS, Erichs.

Corynomalus vexillarius, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, thorace transverso angulis posticis rectis,

elytris fortiter parcius punctatis lete violaceis, margine

toto, sutura, fasciaque medianaé recta luteis, antennarum

clava nigra. Long. lin. 33—4.

Head and thorax shining, uneven, the latter rather

14 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

wider than in C. discoideus, with a central furrow, and

well-marked transverse impression before the front margin ;

hind margin with the basal line fine, and sulci as in

discoideus. Elytra sub-cordate, with four large lilac-

violet marks, occupying the humeral and apical quarters ;

the entire margin and suture, and a central fascia, pale

testaceous; the fascia varies in width, but is as wide as the

sutural band in the narrowest examples, and is straight,

sometimes widest at the suture. The disc is sparingly

and rather irregularly covered with largish impressions

and smaller punctures; the lateral margins with a row

of larger ones. Antenne and legs yellow, club of the

former black. <A species by its pattern reminding one of

quadrimaculatus, but most nearly allied to discoideus.

Hab.— Ecuador, East Andes and Peru. Coll. Fry.

Corynomalus maculicollis, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, nitidus, elytris nigro-ceruleis crebrius sat

fortiter punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter coriaceis, margine

apicali testaceo; antennis tibiisque nigris, his apice, illis

articulo primo rufis, thoracis disco maculis duabus magnis

fere confluentibus nigris. Long. lin. 34—4.

Head and thorax shining, disc of the latter finely punc-

tate, twice as wide as long; the entire space between the

basal sulciis almost occupied by two large black markings,

only divided by a narrow median line of the same colour

as the rest of the thorax. Elytra of a deep indigo blue,

with the apical margin alone yellow, thickly covered with

larger irregular punctures, and smaller ones between these; ;

the disc is nevertheless shining. Legs red; tibiz (apex

excepted) black; antenne black, one or two joints at the

base red. Underside of thorax and body entirely red.

Allied to discotideus, [and also perhaps to apicalis, Gerst. ;

the latter, however, I have not been able to see; the

species most nearly agreeing with his description that I

have seen having black tibize, which Gerstaecker does not

mention |.

Hab.—Peru. One in Coll. Fry, and one in my own

Coll.

Corynomalus felix, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, thorace transverso angulis posticis rectis,

interdum disco piceo; elytris cordatis fortiter subrugose

new species of Endomycici. 15

punctatis violaceis, vel viridi-zeneis ; apice late testaceo.

Antennis nigris, articulis duobus basalibus rufis; tibiis

basi nigris. Long. lin. 33, ¢.

Equal in size to the smallest examples of discotdeus, to

which it is also allied in form; the elytra are wider near

the shoulder, but not so widely margined, and the colour

of the antenne, legs and elytra differs from that species.

Head and thorax very shining, scarcely punctured, the

disc of the latter, however, under a strong lens, exhibits

fine but distinct punctures; sides rounded from the front

angles to the middle, from whence they are straight to the

base; the usual impressions are deep but rather vaguely

marked; in the middle is a short distinct channel, in some

specimens clear red, in others with the central portion

pitchy. The elytra are more cordate than in discozdeus,

but not so convex, coarsely punctured, the punctures often

running together; the edge rather narrowly margined,

pitchy-red, and with the usual row of large impressions;

of a brilliant violet or brassy green, apex pale testaceous,

this colour continuing some way up the suture; antenne

and base of the tibize black, two joints at the base of the

former alone red. This is one of a little group of species

which have the apex of the elytra alone red.

Hab.—Peru (Haulhaga River). Coll. E. Bartlett, Esq.

Family EPIPOCID &.

Genus Epreocus, Germar.

Epipocus mollicomus, n. sp.

Oblongus, testaceus, sub-opacus, pube depressd albida

vestitus, tibiarum basi et antennis nigris, his articulis

duobus primis, apiceque testaceis; elytrorum apice integro.

Long. lin. 4., 3, ¢.

Mas, tibiis anticis in tertid parte apicali compressis, et

sub-dentatis.

Oblong, somewhat parallel, very pale testaceous; head

even, finely and closely punctured between the eyes; an-

tenn rather stout, black, first and second joints pale

testaceous, third equal to these in length, and as long, or

nearly so, as fourth and fifth, which are about equal to

each other in length; apical half of the terminal joint

testaceous. Thorax transverse, at its widest point half as

wide again as long; basal sulci evenly and distinctly

16 Rev. H. S$. Gorham’s descriptions of

marked, arcuate, converging; the disc between these

sparingly but deeply punctured, the marginal portion

much more obsoletely and more closely so. Sides in the

male converging from the base ; hind angles acute, in the

female nearly parallel at the base, and rendering the hind

angles nearly right, in both sexes rounded in to the apical

angles; disc with two indistinct darker spots, occupying

a depressed point at the end of the basal sulci. Scutellum

thickly and distinctly punctured. Elytra closely and finely

punctured, the suture and margin are a little paler than

the rest of the surface, clothed with a fine depressed

pubescence. They are very little wider in the middle than

at the shoulder, and their apex is entire in both sexes.

Underside finely ‘punctured; meso- and meta-sterna darker,

the parapleure of the latter being pitchy-red. Legs pale;

base of the tibize black.

Hab.—Truqui, Mexico. Two specimens. Coll. Fry.

Genus Eporrrerus, Erichson.

Epopterus dilectus, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovalis, rufo-piceus, pubescens, crebrius leviter

punctatus ; thorace maculis quatuor paulo distinctis et

antennarum clava nigris; elytris fasciis duabus, a sutura

interruptis angustioribus albido-flavis. Long. lin. 2.

Head Fine smooth, thorax fully twice as wide as long,

thickly and finely but distinctly punctured; hind angles

right, a little deflexed, sides rounded in the apical third,

finely margined by an impressed line, which disappears in

the hind angles. Dise with two black spots near the

middle, and with very slight traces of two others near the

margin. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, sides pa-

rallel below the humerus, covered with a fine silky pubes-

cence, obsoletely punctured. A narrow, pale-yellow fascia

commencing just below the humeral callus and directed in

a slightly oblique direction towards the apex, not reaching

the suture ; a second, rather more irregular in shape, near

the apex, and a little inclined towards the first at the

suture. Antenne and legs pale clear testaceous, club of

the former alone darker; two apical joints black.

This species is evidently related to FE. cucullinus,

Gorh. (End. Ree., p.49), but is smaller and more oblong;

the pale markings are narrower and less irregular in out-

line, the apex of the elytra concolorous, &e.

Hab.—Kcuador, East Andes (Buckley). Coll. Fry.

new species of Endomycict. LZ

Genus Ernuesus, Gerstaecker.

Ephebus depressus, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovatus, depressus, rufo-piceus, pube grisea

tenuiter vestitus, antennis concoloribus articulis sex ultimis

piceis, thorace antice angustato, lateribus 4 basi usque ad

medium subparallelis, angulis posticis sub-acutis. Long.

din: 3; 2:

Head and thorax thickly and strongly punctured, basal

sulci short, and not connected by any transverse impression,

the base being only margined in the middle by a fine

raised line; the sides and front margin have the extreme

edge finely raised also; sides sinuate, being rounded from

the front angles to about the middle, whence they are

parallel to near the hind. angles; these are a little turned

out, and so acute. On the disc (in the single specimen

under observation) are two large foss near the middle; I

am, however, inclined to think these are accidental.

Elytra of the width of the thorax at their base, thence

gradually widened to past the middle; more than twice as

long as the head and thorax, shining, closely and mode-

rately strongly punctured, and with a fine grey pubescence.

Antenne of the length of the head and thorax, pitchy-red,

with joints 6—10 darker, and apical jot pitchy, but

lighter than the five preceding; the jomts 6, 7, 8, are

ball-shaped, 9 and 10 acuminate on the inner side, 11

trapezoidal, widest externally. Legs testaceous.

Some of the details of this species do not quite accord

with the few Ephebi (e.g. cardinalis, G.) which I have

examined—notably the terminal joints of the antenne and

maxillary palpi—yet its general appearance and structure

so far agree with Ephebus, as defined by Gerstaecker,

that I think it better to place it in that genus at present.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro. Coll. Fry.

Ephebus ignobilis, n. sp.

Ovatus, tenuiter pubescens, testaceus, antennarum clava

nigra, thorace disco parcius, lateribus crebrius fortiter

punctatis. Long. lin. 2.

Head with a few scattered punctures; thorax at base

twice as wide as long, hind angles a little acute, disc

moderately, sides thickly and strongly punctured. Elytra

punctured at the base, but only very obsoletely below the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) Cc

all

18 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions of

middle, very evenly ovate, and fairly convex. Antenne

longer than the head and thorax, everywhere with longish

setee, of the same colour as the body, excepting the club

alone, which is black.

Hab.—Cayenne: in my own Collection.

Genus STENOTARSUS.

Stenotarsus macroceras, N. sp.

Oblongus, ferrugineus, purpureo-pubescens, antennis

nigris, corporis fere longitudine, articulis tribus primis

rufis, thorace elytris multo angustiore, angulis posticis

acutis. Long. lin. 4—43, ¢, ¢.

Head and thorax clothed with greyish-yellow pubescence,

the latter at the base about twice as wide as long; hind

angles acute and turned outwards, sides above the base

nearly straight, narrowed to the apex, a little rounded in

to the apical angles, which are not very prominent; lateral

margins flat, rather wider at the hind angle; a short

finely-impressed line represents the basal sulcus, which is

only visible in rubbed specimens. LElytra at the base half

as wide again as thorax, of a rich brick-red, with a very

short velvet pubescence, which reflects a coppery-red light ;

sides a little widened to the middle, thence evenly rounded

to the apex: fully twice as long as wide, humeral callus

well marked, ridge-shaped. Antenne black, three basal

joints clear red, very long ; in the smaller specimens of the

length of the whole body, in the larger, three-quarters of

its length; joints 3, 4 and 8 equal in length; 5,6, 7 longer

than these and nearly equal to the first joint of the club (9);

9 and 10 elongate, sub-cyathiform, acuminate internally ;

11 compressed, oval-elongate. Legs thin and long, clear

red.

Obs.—This curious species is evidently allied to S.

purpuratus, Gerst., but is still more abnormal among the

Stenotarst than that species; the great length of the

antennze and small thorax reminds one of Homoiotelus

among the Krotylide.

Compared with S. purpuratus, the antenne have the

joints before the club much longer and thorax wider at

the base and more narrowed in front.

Hab.—Columbia, Nova Grenada, Ecuador. Coll. Fry.

new species of Endomycict. 19

Stenotarsus scymnoides, n. Sp.

Oblongo-ovalis, rufus, pube erecta flava vestitus, anten-

narum claya nigra, elytris fortiter sparsim punctatis, tho-

racis margine laterali leviter excavato retrorsum attenuato.

Long. lin. 14.

Head and disc of the thorax shining, with a few small

punctures, the latter with the side narrowed in_ front,

slightly rounded ; lateral margins wide, considerably

raised, narrowed a little towards the base and with its

own sides raised, thus giving it the appearance of being

concave: base with a deep fossa just within the lateral

margin. Elytra elongate-cordate, widest about one-third

from the base; shoulders raised into a tubercle, which is

often lighter in colour than the rest of the surface, their

disc coarsely punctate, except near the scutellum, and with

smaller punctures here and there; the larger punctures

are most conspicuous towards the shoulders and apex;

their surface is uniformly clothed with a fine, but thick,

erect, yellow pile. Antenne about half the body’s length,

clear testaceous-red, excepting only the club, of which the

extreme apex even is red; the eighth joint is pitchy in

some specimens, the basal joints are rather longer than

wide; ninth and tenth much wider than preceding, sub-

quadrate; eleventh twice as long as wide. Legs red.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro. Coll. Fry.

Stenotarsus pantherinus, un. sp.

Oblongo-ovatus, ferrugineus, nitidus, antennarum clava,

thoracis disco elytrorumque maculis duabus obliquis nigris.

Long. lin. 3.

Closely allied to S. pardalis, Gerst., but readily dis-

tinguished from that species by the absence of the sutural

and apical spots. The basal spot does not quite reach

the base, whereas all the specimens I have examined of

pardalis have it commencing from the base, very nearly

reaching to the scutellum; both the spots are also more

oval and oblique. The punctuation is finer, the striz less

visible. The underside is entirely red, without any indi-

cation of the dark sides of the meso-sternum and abdomen

which are usually to be observed in pardalis.

From nobilis, Gerst., the position and form of the spots

will at once distinguish it.

Hab.—Peninsula Malacca, Penang. Coll. Gorham and

Fry.

all

20 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s descriptions of

[Section A. b.]

Stenotarsus punctato-striatus, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovatus, nitidus, griseo-pubescens, thorace antice

angustato, margine laterali deplanato, parum elevato; elytris

punctorum seriebus octo impressis interstitiis fere glabris,

antennarum clava valida nigra. Long. lin. 24.

Thorax with the sides strongly narrowed in front, sinu-

ate, forming acute hind angles; lateral margins of nearly

even width, a little raised, flat. Elytra narrower than in

Guineensis, Gerst., or @guatus, Gorh.; the sides more

rounded and narrowed behind than in those species, thickly

pubescent, with eight series of small punctures, the pune-

tures in each separate row being numerous and close, flat-

bottomed. Antenne of moderate length and stoutness ;

joints 2 and 8 as wide as long; 3 to 7 longer than wide,

club stout; black, joints 9 and 10 obconical, slightly

acuminate within, 11 oblong oval.

Hab.—Old Calabar. Coll. A. Murray.

Genus Ruympus.

Rhymbus Rhizobioides, n. sp.

Fere hemisphiricus, ferrugineus, nitidus, pube aurea

erecta vestitus ; thorace brevi subtiliter, elytris distincte

punctatis, his plus minusve saturate rufis; antennis tes-

taceis, clava nigra, articulis precedentibus valde longiore,

articulo ultimo elongato apice oblique truncato. Long.

lin. 13—2. :

About the size, but less convex than FR. cocecinelloides,

Guerin. Thorax very short, base bi-sinuate, produced

into a prominent lobe before the scutellum; this portion

(and the scutellar region of the elytra) depressed, base

and lateral margins bordered with a fine line, disc convex,

basal sulci of the form usual in this genus of two fine

arcuate lines parallel to the sides, and half the length of

the disc. Elytra convex, thickly and finely punctured,

separate punctures distinct under a strong lens, the whole

upper surface clothed with a silky golden pile which re-

flects the light; in one of the two examples before me the

disc of the elytra is unevenly clouded, the suture and

margins being left paler, in the other the darker portions

are only very indistinctly clouded. The antennz are

short, with the club strongly formed, the two penultimate

joints being together equal in length to the preceding,

and the terminal joint longer than the 10th, kidney-

new species of Endomycict. 21

shaped, and with the apex externally and obliquely trun-

cate, or rounded off. Club alone pitchy-black.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro ; collected by A. Fry, Esq.

Obs.—This species is allied both to hemisphericus and

coccinelloides. From both it may be separated by its

much shorter, more transverse and convex thorax, as well

as by its thicker and longer pile.

Rhymbus decipiens, n. sp.

Ferrugineus, nitidus, pube aureo-flava micante vestitus,

thorace brevi subtiliter, elytris sat fortiter punctatis; an-

tennis articulis quinque ultimis nigris, clava articulis

precedentibus sub-zquali, articulo ultimo sub-quadrato.

Long. lin. 13—13, ¢, 9.

Very nearly allied to the preceding, but smaller; the

antennz are even shorter, owing to their much shorter

club, which is not longer than the preceding eight joints ;

one or two joints before the club black, or nearly so. The

elytra are more deeply punctured, and (in the four ex-

amples before me) are not clouded with any darker shade.

Hab.—Rio Janeiro; collected also by A. Fry, Esq.

Family ENDOMYCHID.

Genus Panomaa, Gerst.

Panomea Borneensis, n. sp.

Rufo-ferruginea, hemispherica, glabra; thorace macula

transversaé basali, scutello, elytris maculis sex magnis,

abdominisque segmento primo maculis duabus nigris, an-

tennis totis rufis. Long. lin. 3—34.

‘Allied to P. pardalina, Gerst., from which it differs as

follows: the antennz are entirely red, their third joint is

rather longer, being more evidently longer than the fourth.

The scutellum appears rather larger even in proportion to

the larger size of the body; it is equilateral-triangular and

only black in the central portion. The elytra want the

humeral spot, the other six occupying the same positions

as in pardalina. The first segment of the abdomen has

~ near its middle two distinct transverse oval black spots;

these spots are only visible in one of four examples of

pardalina which are in my collection, in the less fully

coloured specimens they are quite absent, and in one

represented by an indistinct cloud which extends to the

second segment. orm and puncturing of both upper and

under side similar in both species.

22 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s descriptions, §c.

HIZab.—Borneo. Four specimens, apparently females

5 5

Coll. Fry.

Genus Enpomycuus, Panzer.

Endomychus bicolor, n. sp.

Niger, nitidus, glabratus, elytris abdomineque rufis.

Long. lin. 24, ¢.

Shining, head and thorax black, impunctate, sides of

the latter not so narrowed from the base as usual in this

genus, rounded in to the front angles, which are deflexed

but little prominent; hind angles a little acute. Antennz

(deficient of the five terminal joints) black ; third joint a

little longer than second, fourth, fifth or sixth, which are

equal inter se. Elytra rufo-castaneous, shining, minutely

but thickly punctured, meso- and meta-sterna and legs

black ; abdomen (with six segments visible) red, the whole

of the underside with very small punctures.

Hab.—India, Coll. Fry.

Obs. 1.—In the single specimen of this insect the

antenne are gone, excepting the six basal joints. I have

very little doubt about its being a true Endomychus, and

it is interesting to find the genus distributed so far. I

have a specimen of F. coccineus from Northern India.

Obs. 2.—Six segments of the abdomen being visible in

both sexes in Endomychus, the sex of my insect is

doubtful.

LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Trycherus longanimis 34 -- West Africa, Old Calabar, &c.

a Fryanus ee -- West Africa, Angola.

Eumorphus Fryanus a0 «. Malacca.

Corynomalus yexillarius .. -. ecuador, Peru.

* maculicollis -- Peru.

a felix .. 40 -. Peru.

Epipocus mollicomus Se -» Mexico.

Epopterus dilectus .. an -» Ecuador.

Ephebus depressus Se -- Rio Janeiro.

» ignobilis .. ne .. Cayenne.

Stenotarsus macroceras .. «+ Columbia, Nova Grenada, Ecuador.

3 secymnoides .. -- Rio Janeiro.

5 pantherinus .. -» Malacca.

punctato-striatus .. Old Calabar.

Rhymbus Rhizobioides.. -. Rio Janeiro.

» decipiens oie -- Rio Janeiro,

Panomeea Borneensis ais -. Borneo.

Endomychus bicolor A -. India.

(C288 S

III. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phyto-

phaga. By Josrnry S. Baty, F.L.S.

[Read 15th March, 1875.]

Fam. CHRYSOMELIDZE.

Genus EUMELA.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, valde convexum. Caput de-

clive ; antennis corporis dimidio fere sequalibus, modice

robustis, extrorsum paullo incrassatis, leviter compressis ;

palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo apice truncato, penul-

timo breviori, illo paullo angustiori. Thorax transversus,

apice excavatus, lateribus fere rectis, non incrassatis.

Elytra thorace multo latiora, valde convexa, confuse sub-

striatim punctata; limbo inflexo obliquo. Pedes robusti ;

tarsis articulo tertio integro, unguiculis inermibus. Pro-

sternum angustum ; acetabulis anticis apertis. Mesoster-

num triangulare. Metasternum antice utrinque margi-

natum, processu antico apice immarginato.

Type, Chrysomela cyanicollis, Hope. India.

Eumela somewhat resembles Spherolina in general

form, but is more oblong and less convex, and differs also

in the length and shape of the antennz; from Chrysomela

it is separated by the peculiar form of the thorax, and by

the immarginate apex of the metasternal process.

Genus MESOPLATYS.

Corpus anguste oblongum, parallelum, modice con-

vexum. Caput modice exsertum, declive ; antennis cor-

poris dimidio brevioribus, subfiliformibus, articulis quinque

ultimis leviter incrassatis ; palporum maxillarium articulo

ultimo conico, subacuto. Thorax transversus, lateribus

non incrassatis. lytra thorace vix latiora, parallela,

confuse punctata. LPedes robusti, simplices ; ¢ibé’s quad-

rangulatis, lateribus planis. Prosternum angustum, postice

ad mesosternum vix extensum; acetabulis anticis late

apertis. Mesosternum sat magnum, horizontale, planum,

margine antico elevato, postice late truncato. Metaster-

num anguste marginatum, utrinque linea obliqua impres-

TRANS. ENT. sOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.)

24 Mr. Joseph S. Baly’s descriptions of

sum. Abdominis segmentum basale magnum, processu

basali late truncato.

Type, Chrysomela cincta, Oliv. Senegal.

Mesoplatys—founded on species erroneously placed by

Vogel under ELntomoscelis (a genus with which they have

not the slightest affinity)—may be easily separated from

Chrysomela by the conical apical joint of the maxillary

palpus; by the narrow, short prosternum, which scarcely

reaches the mesosternum ; by the peculiar form and raised

anterior margin of the latter seement, and by the oblique

groove on either side of the surface of the metasternum :

the metasternal epiplures are also slightly dilated pos-

teriorly.

Genus CarystrEa, Baly.

With deference to the opinion of the learned continuator

of Lacordaire’s genera, who has sunk the above genus

into Chrysomela, I still think that it ought to be retained.

In addition to the characters given in my diagnosis, there

is still another important one, overlooked by me at the

time, and subsequently also by Dr. Chapuis, which dis-

tinctly separates the two genera. In all the species of

Chrysomela proper the apex of the metasternal process is

regularly margined. In Carystea, on the other hand,

this process is “impressed on either side by a deep groove,

but the apex itself is immarginate.

Fam. HALTICID 4.

Genus EUTREA.

Corpus subelongatum, pube adpress& submetallicaé dense

vestitum. Caput valde exsertum ; antennis 11-articulatis,

filiformibus; ocu/is magnis, prominentibus, rude granu-

losis; carind elevata; encarpis tumidis, contiguis.

Thorax subcylindricus, dorso depressus, lateribus fere ob-

soletis. lytra anguste oblonga, thorace multo latiora,

crebre punctata. Pedes: coxis anticis erectis, apice fere

contiguis, prosterno multo altioribus; femoribus posticis

valde incrassatis ; ¢ébi’s anticis quatuor spiné parva ar-

matis: pesticis apice bispinosis ; unguiculis appendiculatis.

Prosternum angustissimum, apice transversim dilata-

tum ; acetabulis ‘anticis integris. JZesosternum angustum,

new genera and species of Phytophaga. 25

elongatum, apice emarginatum. Metasternum magnum,

tumidum.

Type, Eutrea Bowringit.

Eutrea and Xenaltica (described below) are the only

two forms of Halticine known to me in which the apices

of the hinder pair of tibize are armed with a double spine ;

all other genera belonging to the group (Nonarthra ex-

cepted, where the spine is obsolete, the margin of the apex

being bordered by a row of small teeth) are furnished only

with a single spine.

Eutrea Bowringit.

Elongata, convexa, picea, pube adpressa, hic illic (luce '

mutante) chalceo-micanti, dense vestita ; antennarum basi,

pedibus anticis quatuor et tibiis tarsisque posticis obscure

fulvis.

Long. 14 lin.

Hab.—Hongkong ; collected by Mr. Bowring.

Body elongate, densely covered with adpressed silvery

hairs, which, seen in certain lights, have a brassy reflec-

tion. Head exserted far beyond the eyes, the latter large,

coarsely granulose; labrum and clypeus rufo-piceous; ver-

tex finely rugose. Thorax scarcely broader than long;

sides straight and parallel, slightly sinuate behind the an-

terior angle, very narrowly margined; upper surface sub-

cylindrical, flattened on the disk, finely rugose, closely

covered with decumbent silvery hairs. Elytra much

broader than the thorax, oblong, moderately convex,

slightly depressed below the basilar space; whole surface

rugose, closely covered with adpressed hairs, which are

arranged in patches with their apices directed different

ways, so that the metallic lustre varies according to the

position in which the insect is viewed. Body beneath less

densely clothed with hairs than the upper surface.

Genus XENALTICA.

Corpus subelongatum aut oblongum, convexum. Caput

modice exsertum; antennis 11-articulatis, filiformibus ;

caring lineariformi; encarpis distinctis, medio contiguis.

Thorax transversus, ante basin leviter transversim im-

pressus, basi utrinque sulco brevi longitudinali instructo ;

lateribus reflexo-marginatis. /lytra oblonga, modice con-

vexa, infra basin transversim excavata, confuse punctata.

26 Mr. Joseph S. Baly’s descriptions of

Pedes: coxis anticis transversis, non contiguis; femoribus

3 oD b

posticis incrassatis; f/b7is anticis quatuor apice spina parva

armatis; ¢bits posticis bispinosis; waguiculzs appendiculatis.

Prosternum anguste oblongum, apice leviter ampliatum ;

f=) 3

acetabulis anticis apertis. Mesosternum transversum, apice

concayum.

Type, Xenaltica Mur rayi.

Although agreeing with Ewutrea in possessing a double

spine at the apex of the hinder tibiee, the present genus

differs so completely in all other characters, that it 1s not

necessary to point them out. In facies it closely resembles

LEdionychis and allied genera, but is separated from them

not only by the double spine of the hinder tibiae, but also

by each of the four anterior tibiz being armed with a

small spine.

Xenaltica Murrayi.

Subelongata, modice convexa, nigra, nitida; abdomine

flavo.

Long. 43 lin.

Hab.—Old Calabar.

Head moderately exserted; antennz filiform, half the

length of the body, first jomt moderately thickened, second

short, third longer than the fourth, fifth nearly equal in

length to the third; epistome large, triangular, transversely

elevated between the eyes; extreme apex strongly punc-

tured; carina narrow, linear; encarpz subovate, narrowed

above ; vertex smooth, separated from the encarpe by

transverse groove. ‘Thorax twice as broad as long, sides

nearly parallel, straight at the base, slightly rounded in

the middle, then near rly straight to the apex; anterior and

posterior angles acute, the former curved distinctly out-

wards, lateral margin reflexed; disk moderately convex,

impressed at the base on either side with a short slightly

curved longitudinal groove, and between them with a faint

ill-defined transverse , suleation; surface finely and remotely

punctured. Scutellum subtrigonate, its apex broadl

rounded. Elytra oblong, transversely excavated below

the basilar space, the latter on each elytron distinctly

raised ; humeral callus thickened; surface finely and

subremotely punctured.

Xenaltica picea.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, pallide picea, nitida, antennis

(basi excepta) nigris; thorace sat fortiter punctato, lateri-

new genera and species of Phytophaga. 27

bus subangulatis ; elytris obscure piceis, distincte punctatis,

utrisque spatio basilari elevato, fere impunctato.

Long. 4 lin.

Hab.—Madagascar.

Head subquadrate; epistome thickened, transversely

sulcate just behind the anterior margin, the sulcation nar-

rowly interrupted in the middle; anterior border notched

on either side close to the outer angle ; encarpz separated

from the front by a deep transverse depression, trigonate,

contiguous above, separated below by the apex of the epi-

stome ; antenne rather more than half the length of the

body, moderately robust. Thorax more than twice as

broad as long; sides distinctly margined, bisinuate behind |

the middle, the latter obtusely angulate; posterior angles

produced, acute, anterior obliquely truncate ; upper sur-

face coarsely but not closely punctured, transversely exca-

vated just behind the anterior border; basal groove more

distinct than in Xenaltica Murray?, extending the whole

length between the longitudinal sulci, the latter ill-defined.

Elytra broader than the thorax, convex, distinctly and

somewhat strongly punctured, the punctures less coarse

than those on the thorax; each elytron depressed along

the suture and also transversely below the basilar space,

the latter distinctly raised, nearly impunctate; humeral

callus thickened.

Genus EUPHITREA.

Corpus rotundatum, convexum. Caput breve; antennis

1l-articulatis, filiformibus, articulo secundo brevi, tertio

illo vix longiori ; oculis modice prominulis; encarpis ob-

liquis, non contiguis; carind obsoleta. Thorax transversus.

Elytra thorace latiora, confuse punctata, limbo inflexo

concayvo. Pedes modice robusti; coxis anticis vix elevatis;

femoribus posticis modice incrassatis; ¢ibiis posticis non

aut vix canaliculatis, apice spina acut& armatis; ¢2bzis

anticis quatuor muticis; wnguiculis appendiculatis. _ Pro-

sternum coxis fere equialtum, dorso canaliculatum, apice

transversim dilatatum; acetabulis anticis integris. Meso-

sternum breve, erectum, metasterni apice occultum. Meta-

sternum inter mesocoxas ad prosterni marginem produc-

tum.

Type, Euphitrea Wallacet.

Euphitrea resembles in general form and colour the

28 Mr. Joseph 8. Baly’s descriptions of

European genus Spheroderma ; it is separated, however,

very readily by the structure of the sternum.

Euphitrea Wallacet.

Subrotundata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, mandibulis

apice oculisque nigris, antennis corporis dimidio eequali-

bus, thorace minute punctato, elytris confuse tenuiter

punctatis.

Var. A. Minor, picea.

Long. 4—43 lin.

Hab. —Sumatra, Java; var. A. Tringanee.

Head short; epistome transversely trigonate, sinuate

on either side; encarpz oblique, narrowly oblong, not

contiguous ; front with its lower end more or less angu-

late, sometimes obtuse, divided from the encarpze by a

distinct groove; it is also sharply bounded on either side

by a broad sulcation, which separates it from the eye;

surface of front and vertex impunctate. Thorax more

than twice as broad as long; base.bisinuate on either

side; medial lobe broadly truncate; sides rounded, nearly

straight and parallel behind the middle, converging in

front, all the angles acute, the anterior produced slightly

outwards; upper surface very minutely and somewhat

remotely punctured. Scutellum semiovate, its apex acute.

Llytra broader than the thorax, shoulders rounded; upper

surface more distinctly but not more closely punctured

than the thorax.

Euphitrea micans.

Subrotundata, convexa, fulva aut fulvo-picea, nitida,

mandibulis apice oculisque obscure nigris ; thorace tenui-

ter punctato, basi utrinque linea brevi perpendiculari im-

presso, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis fere obsoletis,

anticis acutis; elytris basi thorace multo latioribus,

lateribus infra humeros ad apicem rotundato-angustatis ;

supra xneo-micantibus, distincte punctatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab.—Java, Sumatra, Malacca.

Head deeply immersed in the thorax; antenne scarcely

half the length of the body, third joint distinctly longer

than the second ; labrum impressed with a single row r of

small fovez ; epistome transversely trigonate, its apex

obtuse ; encarpe linear, remote; front raised, its anterior

apex rounded, its sides shar ply defined, bounded on either

new gencra and species of Phytophaga. 29

side by a large depression, bordering the eye. Thorax

more than twice as broad as long; base bisinuate on

either side, medial lobe obtusely rounded; sides rounded,

converging in front; anterior angles acute, posterior

nearly obsolete; disk finely punctured, impressed on

either side at the base by a short longitudinal groove.

Elytra much broader at the base than the thorax;

shoulders more prominent than the former species,

rounded; sides rounded and converging from before

the middle to the apex, the latter conjointly rounded ;

disk distinctly punctured.

Genus XANTHOCYCLA.

Corpus subrotundatum, valde convexum; caput breve,

thorace fere immersum; carind et encarpis obsoletis ;

oculis subprominulis, remotis, rude granulosis ; antennis

filiformibus, 1l-articulatis. Thorax transversus. Elytra

thorace paullo latiora, punctato-striata. Pedes: coxis

anticis prosterno paullo altioribus, transverso-ovatis ;

femoribus posticis valde incrassatis ; ¢éb¢is anticis quatuor

apice muticis; ¢diis posticis brevibus, a basi ad apicem

incrassatis, paullo remotis, dorso canaliculatis, apice spina

valida armatis; wnguiculis appendiculatis. Prosternum

oblongum, apice abrupte transversim dilatatum; acetabulis

anticis vix apertis. Mesosternum parvum, metasterni apice

occultatum. Metasternum inter mesocoxas ad prosternum

productum.

Type, Xanthocycla Chapuisit.

Xanthocycla somewhat agrees with ELuphitrea in the

structure of the meso- and meta-sterna, but differs in the

form of the hinder tibize and in the punctate-striate elytra.

Xanthocycla Chapuisii.

Subrotundata, valde convexa, fulva, nitida, oculis nigris,

capite thoraceque crebre punctatis, obsolete rugulosis;

elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis crebre punctatis.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab.—India.

Head rather broad, short, face flat, sutural lines mark-

ing out the epistome, ‘the carina and the encarpe entirely

obsolete; antennz scarcely half the length of the body,

rather slender. Thorax much more than twice as broad as

long, basal margin oblique and bisinuate on either side,

30 Mr. Joseph $. Baly’s descriptions of

medial lobe distinctly produced, rounded; sides rounded,

converging from base to apex; hinder angle acute,

anterior curved slightly outwards, its apex obtuse ; upper

surface transversely convex, closely and rather coarsely,

but not deeply punctured, faintly rugulose, interspaces

egranulose-punctate ; scutellum small, triangular ; elytra

strongly punctate-striate, interspaces finely but distinctly

punctured.

Genus RHYPETRA.

Corpus elongato-ovatum, convexum, subnitidum. Caput

modice exsertum; antennis 11-articulatis, filiformibus,

corporis dimidio longioribus; carind distincte elevata ;

encarpis distinctis ; oculis sat magnis, prominulis. Thorax

transverso-qnadratus, lateribus fere rectis, angulis dis-

tinctis; disco ante basin lined transversa, utrinque ad

marginem basalem curvaté, impresso. Elytra thorace

latiora, ovata, convexa, longitudinaliter costata. Pedes:

coxis anticis vix elevatis; femoribus posticis modice

incrassatis; ¢ébiis posticis apice spina acuta armatis;

quatuor anticts apice inermibus; unguiculis appendiculatis.

Prosternum elongatum; acetabulis anticis late apertis.

Mesosternum cuneiforme.

Type, Rhypetra costata.

Rhypetra costata.

Elongato-ovata, convexa, viridi-metallica, subnitida,

thorace basi linea transvers& curvata impresso, granuloso,

minute sed subremote punctato ; elytris eneo-micantibus,

utrisque quadricostatis, interspatiis transversim ruguloso-

strigosis.

Long. 34 lin.

Hab.—Columbia.

Head triangular, face elevated between the eyes, carina

linear, ill-defined, encarp pyriform, their lower halves

separated by the apex of the carina; antenne more than

two-thirds the length of the body. Thorax about one-

fourth broader than long; sides straight, slightly con-

verging near the apex; posterior angles acute, anterior

subacute ; upper surface somewhat flattened, closely granu-

lose. Elytra oval, each with four broad longitudinal coste,

interspaces coarsely rugulose-striate.

new yenera ana species of Phytophaga. 31

Genus PARADIBOLIA.

Corpus ovato-rotundatum. Caput breve, thoraci in to-

tum insertum; antennis filiformibus, 11-articulatis; carind

male definita; encarpe distincte ; oculis magnis, subreni-

formibus, planis, apice fere contiguis. Thorax transversus,

lateribus fere rectis, a basi ad apicem convergentibus.

Elytra thorace vix latiora, confuse punctata, obsolete

sulcato-striata. Pedes: coxis anticis transversis, prosterno

equialtis; femoribus posticis valde incrassatis; ¢tibiis

quatuor anticis apice muticis ; t¢biis posticis dorso canali-

culatis, apice spina lata, apice truncata armatis: ; unguiculis

appendiculatis. Prosternum elevatum, antrorsum produc-

tum, postice rotundatum, non dilatatum; acetabulis anticis

late apertis. Mesosternum obliquum, apice concayo-

marginatum, prosterno fere occultatum. Metasternum

inter mesocoxas fere ad prosternum protensum, mesosterni

apici insertum.

Type, Paradibolia indica.

Paradibolia is very closely allied to Dibolia, but may

be at once known by the very large subcontiguous eyes

aud by the short subrotundate form.

Paradibolia indica.

Subrotundata, convexa, nitida, subtus fulva, supra

viridi-cerulea, metallica, facie inferiori antennisque fulvis;

elytris tenuiter crebre punctatis, striis nonnullis obsolete

sulcatis instructis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab.—India.

Head small, rotundate, completely Waveds in the thorax;

encarp trigonate, contiguous above; front narrow, wedge-

shaped ; eyes very large, flat, somewhat kidney-shaped,

nearly contiguous at the apex; antenne half the length

of the body. ‘Thorax more than twice as broad as long,

subeylindrical, finely rugose-punctate, nitidous. LElytra

finely rugose-punctate, obsoletely sulcate-striate.

IV. Descriptions of new species of Indian Aculeate

Hymenoptera, collected by Mr. G. R. James

Roruney, Member of the Entomological Society.

By FREDERICK SMITH.

[Read 15th March, 1875.]

TWENTY-SIX new species of Indian Hymenoptera are

described in this paper, and of four or five described

species the sex, hitherto unknown, 1s added. Guérin-

Méneville, in the Iconographie du Régne Animal, de-

scribed an aberrant species of ant, belonging to the family

Cryptoceride, naming it Cryptocerus bicolor ; this was a

worker, the male and female being at that time unknown.

In 1853 I published, in the Transactions of this Society,

a revision of the family, finding it necessary to establish

two new genera; to one of these, Meranoplus, I trans-

ferred Guérin’s species, which came from Pondicherry.

Mr. Rothney found the insect in the Botanic Gardens at

Calcutta. The nests he describes as difficult to find.

Finding a few, however, he visited them almost daily for

some months. They are made in the ground, at a depth

of several inches. Not observing any other than workers

at the mouths of the burrows, he determined to dig down

and ascertain their contents. At the end of May, 1873,

he succeeded in obtaining several males, but only one

female. Whether more are to be found at any time

remains undetermined. A second female was subsequently

taken at Barrackpore. These are all that have rewarded

a three seasons’ industrious search. All the sexes are

figured in the plate that illustrates this paper.

Another highly interesting insect, discovered by Mr.

Rothney, is the female of Pseudomyrma bicolor, the winged

female not having been previously discovered.

A new species of the genus Methoca is a valuable .ad-

dition to the Indian Mutillide. Thirteen new species

of fossorial Hymenoptera are here described—nine of An-

drenide, and six of Apide. The most interesting insect

among the species of Andrenide is one having capitate

antenne ; it is closely allied to the genus Nomia, but is

distinct, having only two submarginal cells in the anterior

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) D

34 Mr. F. Smth’s descriptions of new species

wings; the tongue is conformable to that of the species

belonging to the genus Nomia, and the posterior legs of the

males are swollen and curved as in that genus. We are now

acquainted with five species of bees, the males of which

have capitate antenne: they are Nomia Kirbii, Sm. ;

Nomia antennata, Sm.; Thaumatosoma Duboulati, Sm.;

Tetralonia mirabilis, Sm.; and Cyathocera nodicornis.

A * is prefixed to the species of which the types are in

the National Collection.

CRYPTOCERID.

Genus Mreranopuus, Smith.

Meranoplus bicolor, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

2nd ser. ii. 224, 1,3 (1853) ;

Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. vi. Formi-

cid, 193.

Cryptocerus bicolor, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim. 425, ¥

(1844). (PL f., tga Loerie

39, 14652045)

Female.—Length 3} lines. The head, antenne, thorax

and nodes of the petiole of the abdomen ferruginous.

Head rugulose, with confluent punctures, which run into

longitudinal reticulation ; the scape of the antenne slightly

fuscous above. The thorax with confluent punctures; a

fuscous spot on the mesothorax anteriorly; also a similar

lateral spot near the tegule; wings flavo-hyaline ; the

nervures testaceous; the stigma fuscous; the legs rufo-

piceous; the tibize and femora darkest. Abdomen thinly

covered with short pale pubescence, and having a few

longer hairs intermixed, particularly towards the apex.

Male.—Length 2 lines. Head and abdomen nigro-

piceous; the thorax rufo-piceous ; the region of the scu-

tellum more or less fuscous; the ocelli large, prominent,

and of a pale glassy brightness; the antennz and legs

pale testaceous ; wings flavo-hyaline ; nervures and stigma

pale testaceous ; the abdomen with a very sparing, scattered,

pale pubescence.

Hab.—Eden Gardens, Calcutta.

To Mr. Rothney science is indebted for the discovery

of the male and female sexes of Meranoplus bicolor.

With great care and labour they were dug out of the nest

in the solid ground, but only one of each sex was secured.

~ ee

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 35

Pseudomyrma bicolor. (Pl. I., fig. 4.)

Pseudomyrma bicolor, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim. 427, 3;

Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. 6,

Formicidex, 153; Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. new ser. iii., 157, 3.

Sima rufo-niger, Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. vii. 1864.

Female.—Length 5 lines. The head, femora, inter-

mediate and posterior tibize and the abdomen black ; the

antennee, mandibles, tarsi, anterior tibize: and base of the

two following pairs pale ferruginous; the thorax and two

nodes of the abdomen ferruginous; the anterior wings

fusco-hyaline ; the posterior pair clear hyaline; the ner-

vures of the anterior pair fuscous, palest at the base of the

wings; the stigma dark fuscous. For the neuration, see

the figure in plate.

Roger separated this insect from the genus Pseudo-

myrma, creating the genus Sima for its reception ; but, in

my opinion, on insufficient generic characters. Finding

on comparison with six species of Pseudomyrma, some of

which are retained in that genus by Roger, that the neura-

tion of the wings in P. bicolor is identical with the others,

I do not. adopt the proposed generic name. The male of

this species is unknown to me.

MUTILLIDA.

Methoca orientalis.

Male.—Length 31 lines. Black and shining; wings

hyaline; the nervures and stigma black. Antenne as

long as the head and thorax, thickened in the middle ; the

face closely punctured, the vertex more sparingly so ;

the mandibles rufo-piceous; the palpi pale testaceous; the

entire insect with a thin, scattered, griseous pubescence,

particularly:the head and thorax. Thorax: the pro- and

meso-thorax anteriorly with fine, rather distant punctures;

the posterior portion of the mesothorax with transverse,

somewhat coarse striz ; the metathorax rugose; the tarsi

obscurely testaceous. Abdomen very smooth and shining;

the margins of the seements constricted.

This insect closely resembles the Methoca ichneu-

monoides of Kurope; but its antenne are thicker, and the

transverse striation of the mesothorax distinguishes it. It

is the first species of the genus I have any knowledge of

from India.

all

36 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Tribe FOSSORES.

ScCOLIADZ.

Elis thoracica.

Tiphia thoracica, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Supp. 254, 9.

Elis thoracica, Sauss. et Sichel, Cat. des LEspéc.

Scolia, 188, ¢.

Male.—Length 8 lines. Black, with dense cinereous

pubescence ; the first four seements of the abdomen with

sparing pubescence of the same colour, and the apical

margins of the segments fringed with the same; the

three apical segments with black pubescence. The

clypeus yellow, with a large triangular black spot, from

which a short line runs to the anterior margin; the

mandibles with their apex rufo-piceous. Thorax: the

posterior margin of the prothorax yellow in the middle,

not extending to the tegule ; a slightly interrupted line

at the base of the scutellum, a spot on the post-scutellum,

the tibix outside and the femora at their apex yellow;

the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures dark brown. The

first segment of the abdomen yellow above, with the base

and sides narrowly black; the second also yellow, with

the base black; the black produced more or less in the

middle into an angular shape, and continued obliquely at

the sides towards the apical margin of the segment, but

not reaching to it; the third segment is similarly coloured,

but the black base is broader; the fourth has a narrow

yellow fascia, sometimes slightly interrupted in the middle ;

the black colouring has more or less of a blue, green a

violet tinge. .

Elis hirsuta, Sauss. Cat. des Espéc. Scolia, 200, ?.

Male.—Length 3i1—4} lines. Black, the abdomen

iridescent; the ‘apical margins of the segments with yellow

fascie. Covered with a thin cinereous pubescence ; the

mandibles and clypeus yellow; the latter with a black

spot in the middle, and the former rufo-piceous at their

apex; the antennz fulvous beneath. The prothorax has

a yellow line, which extends to the tegule; the scutellum

and post-scutellum yellow; the apex of the femora and

the tibiz outside yellow; the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the

wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. The fasciz on

the second and third segments widen abruptly laterally

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 37

into large sub-ovate forms, the middle of the fasciz being

of equal width; all the segments with a long cinereous

fringe; the apical segment ferruginous above.

The female of this species is described by Saussure in

the Cat. des Espéc. Scolia, but he does not give the size,

which varies in a series from three and a half to six

lines; it is black and shining; its pubescence cinereous ;

the head convex, smooth and shining; the thorax strongly

punctured; the scutellum impunctate; the legs very

pilose; the wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous ; the

first four segments of the abdomen fringed with white

pubescence.

PoMPILID.

Agenia festinata.

Female.—Length 54 lines. Black, with a silvery pile,

observable in certain lights; wings hyaline, with a fuscous

cloud, which occupies the basal half of the marginal cell,

and descends into the third discoidal cell. The head,

below the insertion of the antennz, covered with bright

silvery pile; the mandibles rufo-piceous at their apex;

the palpi obscurely testaceous. Thorax: the metathorax

finely striated transversely; the wings hyaline; the ante-

rior pair with a slight fulvous tint, and their apical margins

slightly fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, the petiole short.

Priocnemis peregrinus.

Female.—Length 93 lines. Black: the head, antenna,

pro- and meso-thorax, tegule and scutellum ferruginous ;

the legs of the same colour, except the coxz, trochanters

and extreme base of the femora, which are black; the man-

dibles ferruginous, with their tips black; the metathorax

transversely striated, and with a longitudinal central

channel ; the wings brown, with a bright violet iridescence.

Male.—Length 6—7 lines. Closely resembling the

female ; but with the vertex of the head more or less

fuscous, or black; the mesothorax and scutellum more or

less obscure, sometimes quite black; the femora are also

black, except towards their apex; three or sometimes four

of the apical joints of the tarsi black; five or six of the

apical joints of the antennze black.

This insect was found at Calcutta, by Mr. Rothney ; it

also occurs in Sumatra and at Hong Kong.

Hab.—Barrackpore, &c.

38 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Mygnimia Atropos.

Male.—Length 6} lines. Black: mandibles and an-

tenne ferruginous; the latter more or less fuscous above.

The thorax, in certain lights, with an obscure purple

tinge; the anterior tibiz and tarsi, and the extreme apex

of all the femora, ferruginous; the wings blackish-brown,

with a bright blue and violet iridescence ; an obscure

ocellated spot in the first discoidal cell; the metathorax

with a few slight transverse carine. Abdomen slightly

shining.

CRABRONIDE.

Trypoxylon accumulator.

Female.—Length 63 lines. Black: the apex of the

first, and the second and third segments entirely, ferru-

ginous. Head: the palpi pale testaceous ; the mandibles

pale testaceous at their base and ferruginous towards their

apex; the flagellum of the antennz, except the two first

joints, fulvous beneath; the clypeus and face, as high as

the sinus of the eyes, covered with silvery-white pubescence.

Thorax smooth and shining above; the metathorax with

a deep central longitudinal fovea, which extends from the

base to the apex, and is widest in the middle; the sides of

the metathorax with a thin white pubescence, there is also

a little on the thorax beneath and on the legs ; the ante-

rior and intermediate tarsi, the anterior tibiz in front, the

intermediate pair at their base and apex, and the posterior

pair at their apex, as well as all the spurs of the tibiz,

pale rufo-testaceous ; the base of the joints of the posterior

tarsi pale; the wings hyaline, faintly clouded at their

apex, the nervures black; the tegulx rufo-testaceous.

Abdomen smooth and shining.

Oxybelus squamosus.

Female.—Leneth 3 lines. Black, spotted and banded

with yellow. Head: the scape in front and the mandibles

yellow; the latter ferruginous at their tips; the antennz

fulvous; very closely punctured. Thorax shining, strongly,

but not very closely punctured; an ovate spot on each

side of the scutellum, and a squama beneath each on

the post-scutellum, yellow; at the posterior margin of

the latter is a larger squama of a bright red, coppery

colour, notched at the apex; the anterior femora beneath,

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 39

and the posterior tibiz at their apex outside, yellow. The

wings hyaline, their nervures ferruginous. Abdomen: a

broad yellow band on the apical margins of the first four

segments, all interrupted, the two first most widely so;

shining and punctured.

Male.—Rather smaller, but very like the female; the

tibie and tarsi yellow, and more or less ferruginous

beneath.

LARRIDZ.

Astata agilis.

Female.—Length 34 lines. Head, thorax and legs

shining black; abdomen ferruginous, with the apex

black. Head: the mandibles ferruginous in the middle;

the face with a silvery-white pubescence; a little, thin, long

pubescence of the same on the cheeks and hinder margin

of the vertex. On the prothorax, anterior margin of the

mesothorax, the sides of the thorax and also beneath, a

thin, long, silvery pubescence ; the metathorax above with

divergent striz, which are reticulated between, the apex

truncate ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud beyond the

stigma, the extreme apical margin pale; the tarsi rufo-

piceous. The abdomen smooth and shining.

Hab.—WNischiudipore.

NYSSONIDA.

Gorytes amatorius.

Beale Tipe ath 3} lines. Black, variegated with

white and ferruginous. Head: the face as high as the

insertion of the antenne and the scape in front white; the

mandibles ferruginous, the scape of the antennz fulvous

beneath; the cheeks and clypeus with a silvery pile.

Thorax: a narrow line on the collar, the tubercles, a spot

on the mesothorax close to the tegule and the post-

scutellum white; the legs ferruginous, with the tibie,

tarsi and the apex of the anterior and intermediate tibic

beneath white; the tibie more or less ferruginous; the

claw-joint of the posterior tarsi black; wings hyaline and

iridescent. Abdomen: the basal segment ferruginous,

black above towards the apex, and with a narrow, white,

interrupted fascia on its apical margin; the three follow-

all

40 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

ing segments with narrow white fasciz, the first widened

later ally; the third not extending to the lateral margins.

*Gorytes tricolor.

Female.—Length 4 lines. Head black, thorax ferru-

ginous, both w ith yellow markings ; abdomen of three

colours—ferruginous, yellow and black. Head: the

antenne, anterior margin of the clypeus and tips of the

mandibles ferruginous; the extreme apex of the antennz

black; the clypeus and mandibles, a short narrow line

behind the eyes and a broader one at their inner orbits

yellow, the latter ferruginous towards the clypeus. The

prothorax above, a spot before the tegul, the scutellum

and post-scutellum, the claw-joint of the anterior tarsi, and

the intermediate and posterior tibize in front, yellow; the

enclosed space at the base of the metathorax longitudinally

striated; the legs ferruginous ; the wings hyaline, with a

dark fuscous spot occupying the marginal, second sub-

marginal and a portion of ‘the third submar einal cells.

Abdomen: the two basal and the apical seement ferrugi-

nous; the third and fourth segments yellow, the fifth

black ; ; the first segment with a “yellow margin at fascia,

not extending to the lateral margins, and much narrowed

in the middle; this band is sometimes obsolete; the second

seoment has a yellow marginal fascia, narrow in the middle

and much widened laterally; the basal margin of the third

segment black.

“Male. —Greatly resembles the female, but has the scape

of the antennz, the mandibles, as well as the clypeus and

inner orbits of the eyes, yellow; the coxa, trochanters,

tibie and tarsi are also yellow, the tibiz being more or less

ferruginous or black behind. The first four segments of

the abdomen have a yellow fascia on their apical margins,

greatly widened laterally; the third and following segments

otherwise black.

* Cerceris viscosus.

Female.—Length 5 lines. Ferruginous, variegated

with bright yellow, the tips of the anterior wings dark

fuscous. Head: a large oblong spot behind the eyes, the

clypeus, which is elevated, the face on each side of it, a

line between the antennz terminating in a round spot at

the anterior ocellus, the scape in front and the mandibles

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 4]

yellow; the antenne ferruginous. Thorax: an interrupted

line on the collar, a spot on the tegule, two ovate ones

beneath the wings, two minute ones on the scutellum, the

post-scutellum and a line on each side of the metathorax,

yellow; the legs yellow, the femora above and the apex of

the tibis ferruginous. The first segment of the abdomen,

and a central triangular spot which crosses the three

following segments, ferruginous; the apical segment also

ferruginous, otherwise yellow.

* Cerceris rufinodis.

Male.—Length 43 lines. Black, variegated with yellow,

the basal segment of the abdomen red; strongly punctured.

Head: the front clypeus, scape in front, mandibles and a

spot behind the eyes, yellow; antennz fulvous, more or

less fuscous above. Thorax: the collar, tegule, scutellum

and post-scutellum, an oblong spot at the sides of the

metathorax, two spots beneath the wings, one on the

pectus, and the legs, yellow; a black spot at the base of

the anterior and intermediate femora above; the apex of

the posterior femora and tibie black, their tarsi fuscous ;

wings hyaline, with a dark fuscous stain at the apex of

the anterior pair. The second and following segments of

the abdomen with yellow marginal fasciz, attenuated in

the middle and sub-interrupted; the fasciz continued

beneath the abdomen, which is there rufo-testaceous.

* Cerceris velox.

Male.—Length 3—3% lines. Black, variegated with

yellow and ferruginous; the anterior wings with their

apex dark fuscous. Head: the front, clypeus, mandibles

and scape in front yellow; mandibles rufo-~piceous at their

apex; the collar, tubercles, tegule, scutellum and _ post-

scutellum, the apex of the metathorax and the legs, yellow;

the posterior femora and tibize black; the former sometimes

slightly ferruginous beneath, the latter yellow at their base ;

the posterior tarsi rufo-testaceous; the base of the meta-

thorax ferruginous, with the enclosed triangular space

black. Abdomen: the first, second and fourth segments

ferruginous; the second yellow at its base, then black, with

the apical portion ferruginous; the fourth segment has

the apical half black; the following segments with broad

yellow fascie.

42 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Tribe ANTHOPHILA.

ANDRENID®.

Nomia curvipes. (PI. I. fig. 8.)

Andrena curvipes, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 310, é.

Megilla curvipes, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 330, ¢.

Nomia curvipes, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. viii. 377, 4.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Black: antenne and legs

rufo-fulvous, abdomen with greenish-yellow fasciz. Head:

the antennze more or less rufo-piceous above; the face with

bright fulvous pubescence, with a golden tinge; the man-

dibles ferruginous, rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax

clothed above with fulvous pubescence; the legs rufo-

fulvous; the coxz, trochanters and posterior femora rufo-

piceous; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures and tegule

rufo-testaceous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the

first four segments greenish-yellow, the two apical fasciz

widest.

The male closely resembles the female, but has an addi-

tional fascia on the abdomen, all are frequently yellow, as

described by Fabricius, but in some examples the fasciz

are tinged with green; the scape ef the antenne is yellow

in front; the posterior femora, which are incrassate, are

rufo-piceous, with their apical half yellow, as are also the

tibie and tarsi, the tibiz having a rufo-piceous stain near

their base.

Hab.—India, Nuddea, Punjaub.

This is certainly, I think, the Andrena curvipes of

Fabricius, but I am doubtful of its being the Kucera

erassipes of that author, who describes the pubescence of

the head and thorax as “ cinereo-hirta.”

*Nomia oxybeloides. (PI. I. figs. 6 3, 6 a.)

Female.—Length 3 lines. Black; the pubescence

silvery-white, the tegule large and of a reddish-yellow.

Head closely punctured and shining, the face and cheeks

with white pubescence; the flagellum of the antenne more

or less brightly fulvous beneath. Thorax shining, strongly

and not very closely punctured ; a transverse line of dense

white short pubescence at the anterior and _ posterior

margins of the mesothorax; the post-scutellum covered

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 43

with the same; the pubescence on the legs of a glittering

silvery whiteness, dense on the posterior tibiz ; the apical

joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline.

Abdomen: the margins of the segments with silvery-white

pubescent fasciz.

Male.—Strongly resembles the female in general ap-

pearance; black, with the legs rufo-piceous, varying

greatly in depth of colour in different specimens, occa-

_ sionally pale rufo-testaceous. Head: the face with white

pubescence, or sometimes yellowish-white; the flagellum

of the antennez ferruginous beneath. Thorax above

covered with a fine yellowish-white tomentum, usually

more or less abraded on the disk; the post-scutellum

covered with the same; the scutellum naked and punc-

tured ; wings hyaline, faintly clouded at their apex; the

tegule very large, of a reddish-yellow; all the tarsi

whitish; the posterior femora incrassate, greatly swollen

exteriorly towards their apex; the tibize curved, rufo-

testaceous towards their base, from thence white to their

apex, which is flattened, and greatly produced, the tarsi

appearing to be inserted midway into the exterior margin

of the tibie. Abdomen strongly punctured, the base

pubescent; the apical margins of the seements impunctate

and covered with a very short yellowish-white pubescence.

This species has been received from several localities in

India. In the Museum are specimens from the Himalayas ;

only males were known until Mr. Rothney forwarded the

SEXES.

Hab.—Nischiudipore.

*Nomia aurifrons.

Female.—Length 4 lines. Black: the antennz beneath

and the legs ferruginous; the tibize and tarsi palest; the

femora and coxze frequently rufo-piceous; the pubescence

principally golden-yellow. The face and cheeks with

golden pubescence, that on the cheeks palest. The meso-

thorax with a short, fine, fulvous pubescenee; the post-

scutellum and prothorax covered with pale yellow tomen-

tum, the rest of the thorax and the legs with a pale

glittermg golden pubescence ; wings fulvo-hyaline, faintly

clouded at their apex; the nervures pale ferruginous.

Abdomen, in some examples, slightly ferruginous at the

base; the first segment has a fine, golden, short, downy

pubescence at the base, and this and the following seg-

dt Mr. F.Ghith’s descriptions of new species

ment have a narrow fascia, the other segments being

covered with similar pubescence, but of a brighter colour.

Hab.—Silhet ; Barrackpore.

*Nomia Elliotit. (Pl. I. fig. 7.)

Female.—Length 4—43 lines. Black: the abdomen

with green or blue-green fasciz on the apical margins of

the abdominal segments. ‘The head and thorax above

slightly shining, and closely and very finely punctured.

Head: the antennz have the flagellum slightly fulvous at

the apex beneath; the face and cheeks with white pubes-

cence. Thorax: a narrow line of white pubescence at the

anterior margin of the mesothorax, another at its apical

margin, and the post-scutellum, which is armed with two

spines, covered with the same; wings sub-hyaline, their

apical margins faintly clouded; the exterior margin of the

tegulz pale testaceous, or sometimes white; the legs have

a pale glittering pubescence, which is very bright on the

basal joint of the tarsi outside and on the posterior tibize.

Abdomen smooth and shining, with four bright green

fasciz.

Male.—Closely resembles the female; but has the pos-

terior femora incrassate and greatly swollen, being thickest

in the middle; the tibiz curved and produced at their

apex beneath into a fulvo-testaceous blunt process; this

sex, as well as the female, has the scutellum emarginate

posteriorly, the angles being acute or subdentate, and has

also two spines on the post-scutellum.

Var. The posterior legs with the femora ferruginous in

both sexes, but usually more or less black above.

Hab.— Madras ; Barrackpore ; Nischiudipore.

The male of this species has been in the Museum Col-

lection for upwards of twenty years, during which time the

name given has been attached ; it was proposed in honour

of the donor, but the description has not been published ;

Mr. Rothney has taken both sexes.

Nomia simillima. (PI. II. fig. 4.)

Male.—Length 33 lines. Black: the head and thorax

rather finely punctured; the abdomen has a narrow

greenish-white fascia on the apical margins of the first

four segments; the posterior femora and tibiz ferruginous.

The face and cheeks with a silvery-white pubescence.

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 45

Thorax: a line of white pubescence at the anterior and

posterior margins of the mesothorax ; the post-scutellum

covered with the same; the scutellum emarginate behind,

the lateral angles of the emargination sub-dentate; the

post-scutellum armed with two acute spines; wings

hyaline, with a faint cloud at their apex; the outer margin

of the tegulz pale testaceous; the posterior femora incras-

sate; the tibiz curved, thickened and produced at their

apex into a blunt process; the tarsi black, with the base of

the first jot more or less ferruginous. The abdomen

smooth and shining, rufo-testaceous beneath.

Very like NV. Elliotiz, but smaller and distinguished by

the colour of the posterior legs.

Hab.—Barrackpore.

* Nomia scutellata.

Female.—3 lines. Black: the pubescence cinereous

except that on the thorax above, which is fulvous; the abdo-

men with white pubescent fasciz. Head: the flagellum

of the antennz more or less fulvous beneath ; the face and

cheeks with bright white pubescence. ‘Thorax: the disk

with sparing short fulvous pubescence, becoming more

dense towards the scutellum, on which it is dense and

bright; the pubescence on the legs, sides of the meta-

thorax and beneath cinereous; wings sub-hyaline; the

nervures fuscous; the stigma and tegulz pale ferruginous.

The apical margins of the segments with white fascie,

except the apical one, which has a dark fuscous fringe.

Hab.—Calcutta.

*Nomia thoracica. (Pl. I. fig. 10.)

Female.—Length 4—5 lines. Black: the cox and

femora rufo-piceous; the tibiz and tarsi pale ferruginous,

the anterior and intermediate tibiz usually darkest ; the

first and three following segments of the abdomen above

have narrow white margins. The head with pale glitter-

ing pubescence; the flagellum of the antennz fulvous

beneath. The pubescence on the disk of the mesothorax

and scutellum very short, dense and fulvous; that on the

post-scutellum is much paler, as it is also on the legs and

thorax beneath; wings sub-hyaline; the nervures and

tegulz ferruginous; the costal nervure and stigma fuscous.

Abdomen very finely and closely punctured.

46 Dir. sifth’s descriptions of new species

Male.—Closely resembles the female, but the legs are

black with the tarsi rufo-piceous, the apical joints being

palest; the posterior femora incrassate, being greatly

swollen at their apex; the tibiz curved, exteriorly much

swollen and thickened gradually to their apex, which

beneath is pale testaceous. Abdomen: the apical margins

of the second and following segments narrowly white ;

punctured as in the female, but more pubescent at the

sides and at the base.

Hab.—Barrackpore ; China.

*Nomia antennata. (PI. I. figs. 9, 9a.)

Female.—Length 53 lines. Black: the pubescence

fulvous, which is more or less pale; the abdomen with

fascie of the same. Head: the antennz, except the scape

and two basal joints of the flagellum, fulvous beneath ;

the face covered with pale, fulvous, short pubescence,

which has a golden tint in certain lights; the cheeks and

the legs are clothed with the same; on the mesothorax,

above, the pubescence is rich fulvous; a line of short,

paler pubescence on the post-scutellum; the wings hyaline,

their apex, beyond the marginal cell, fuscous ; the nervures

ferruginous; the tarsi of the same colour. The apical

margins of the four basal segments of the abdomen with

fasciee of pale fulvous pubescence.

Male.—The general colour and the pubescence as in

the opposite sex ; the antennz as long as the head and

thorax ; the scape and the apical joint black, the latter

enlarged and compressed into an irregular circular forma-

tion nearly thrice the diameter of the previous joint. The

posterior legs have the femora greatly enlarged, the tibiz

curved and greatly dilated at and towards their apex. The

abdomen with similar pubescent fasciz to those on the

female.

Hab.—India; Bombay Presidency.

This species does not form part of Mr. Rothney’s col-

lection, it was obtained from that of Captain Laing,

and was taken near Lucknow; it is described from

specimens in the British Museum, and is incorporated

in this paper solely in consequence of its having capitate

antenn ; it will be observed that the club is composed

of a single jomt; in the new genus, Cyathocera, it is two-

jointed.

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 47

Genus CYATHOCERA. Ps

Head subovate, as wide as the thorax, the ocelli placed

in a slight curve on the vertex; the maxillary palpi six-

jointed, the basal joint stoutest, the joints gradually de-

creasing in width to the apical one, and also in length,

but only slightly so; the labium short and lanceolate, the

paraglosse two-thirds of the length of the labium; the

mandibles bidentate in the female, the teeth blunt ; in the

male they are edentate and acute at their apex. The

wings with one oblong marginal cell, rounded at its apex,

three submarginal cells, the second one-third longer than

the first, receiving the two recurrent nervures, each at

about one-fourth of the length of the cell, the tegule

enlarged in both sexes; thorax ovate, the posterior legs

have the femora fringed with pubescence beneath, and the

tibize and basal joint of the tarsi furnished with a dense

scopa; in the male the posterior legs have the femora

enlarged and the tibiz curved, with the apex dilated.

Abdomen sub-ovate.

In the female the antenne are short, filiform, with the

terminal joint acute at the apex, not reaching to the

teculz; the male has the antennz elongate, reaching to

the first segment of the abdomen, filiform, with the two

apical joints dilated, compressed, forming a somewhat

pear-shaped node, concave beneath or spatulate.

*Cyathocera nodicornis. (PI. I. figs. 5 6, 5a, 50.)

Female.—Length 3} lines. Head, thorax, coxe and

basal margins of the third, fourth and fifth segments of

the abdomen above black; legs and abdomen, otherwise,

ferruginous. Head: antenne ferruginous; the face as

high as the ocelli, and the cheeks covered with bright

gold-coloured pubescence ; the clypeus naked and strongly

punctured; tips of the mandibles rufo-piceous. The

meso- and meta-thorax smooth and shining; the pro-

thorax, a narrow line at the basal margin of the scutellum,

the post-scutellum, and sides of the metathorax, have a

covering of rich yellow tomentum; the legs have a pale,

glittering, yellow pubescence ; the wings subhyaline, and

dark fuscous beyond the marginal cell ; the tegule large’

and ferruginous. Abdomen: the second, third and fourth

segments have laterally, in very fine examples, at their

basal margins an oblong macula of white pubescence ;

48 Mr, Ei. Fis descriptions of new species

these are usually more or less obliterated; the fourth and

following segments covered with golden pubescence.

Male.— Agreeing with the other sex in size and general

resemblance; the wings fuscous at their apex, the ‘tegule

proportionally larger. The antenne a little longer than

the head and thorax, ferruginous, with the two apical

joints black, enlarged, flattened and forming a somewhat

pear- -shaped node or club. The posterior femora swollen,

widest at their apex; the tibie have their apical half

dilated, their inferior apex being compressed into a thin,

rounded, flat plate. The apical margins of the segments

of the erinien strongly punctured, ailie entire abdomen

being smooth in the female.

Of this remarkable genus two females were obtained

by the British Museum from Captain Laing’s collection ;

they were taken near Lucknow some time previous to

1870. Mr. Rothney captured both sexes near Pulta,

Barrackpore ; he reports the species to be extremely

local. The plant it frequented appeared to be a species of

Pulicaria.

APID&.

Celioxys argentifrons.

Male.—Length 44 lines. Black: the head and thorax

semi-opake and very "closely punctured; abdomen shining

rather closely and finely punctured; wings slightly fuscous,

becoming clear hyaline towards the base. The face densely

covered with silvery-white pubescence; the cheeks, the

thorax at the sides and beneath, the legs, and the abdo-

men beneath, have a fine, short, silvery-white pubescence;

the segments of the abdomen have each a lateral patch of

fine, short, white pubescence; the patches extend over

both the basal and apical margins, they are widest late-

rally, and are attenuated to a point inwardly, and do not

extend to the middle of the segments. The apical seg-

ment has a slender, acute tooth on each side at its base ;

the apex deeply notched or grooved, the lateral projections

form short rounded teeth above, and short acute ones

beneath, all being of the same length. The tooth at the

lateral angles of the scutellum is very short and blunt.

Celioxys basalis.

Female.— Length 7 lines. Black: the abdomen shining,

elongate and tapering to an acute point. The vertex,

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 49

thorax above and the scutellum rugose ; the sides and

pectus strongly punctured; a stout acute tooth curved

downwards at the lateral angles of the scutellum; the

segments of the abdomen evenly and moderately punc-

tured, most finely so at their basal margins ; the apical

segment smooth and lanceolate at its apex; the inferior

valve narrower, more acute, and extending a little beyond

the upper one. The wings hyaline to one-third of their

length from the base, beyond which they are dark fuscous.

The face covered with snow-white pubescence, that on the

clypeus is downy and fulyous along the anterior margin ;

the margins of the abdominal segments with a narrow

white pubescent fringe, which slightly widens laterally.

Male.—Length 5—5} lines. Closely resembles the

female; the clypeus has not any fulvous pubescence at its

anterior margin, but, as well as the face, is densely covered

with white pubescence ; the head is a little wider than the

thorax ; the wings as in the female; the apical segment

has the upper valve armed with eight teeth, a short acute

one on each side at its base, a deep notch or short groove

at the apex, in the middle, forms two other somewhat

blunt teeth, beyond these the margin terminates on each

side in a short acute tooth; the apex beneath these four

teeth terminates in two longer acute teeth or spines.

The general resemblance of these sexes quite warrants

their being united as constituting one species.

Celioxys cuneatus.

Female.—Length 5 lines. Black, shining and punc-

tured; the abdomen with narrow white uninterrupted

abdominal fasciz. Head and thorax strongly punctured;

the face and cheeks covered with white pubescence.

Thorax: a small spot of white pubescence at the anterior

margin of the mesothorax, two at the basal margin of the

scutellum, and also a minute one behind the tegulz; the

sides and beneath as well as the legs with fine, short, white

pubescence; a short blunt tooth at the lateral angles

of the scutellum; the wings slightly fuscous, becoming

hyaline towards their base. Abdomen wedge-shaped,

gradually tapering from the base to the apex; the mar-

ginal fasciee widest laterally and continued on the margins

beneath.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) E

50 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species

Celioxys confusus.

Female.—Length 4—5 lines. Black: the head and

thorax strongly and closely punctured, the abdomen much

more finely and less closely so, the apical segment smooth,

the sides punctured towards the apex; the wings fuscous

beyond the first submarginal cell, their basal portion

hyaline; the face and also the cheeks covered with white

pubescence; the thorax at the side and beneath and also

the legs have a fine, thin, white pubescence; a short rather

blunt tooth at each lateral angle of the seutellum ; a

narrow white marginal fascia on the margins of the

seements of the abdomen ; ; it is slightly widened at their

sides. The apex of the apical segment acute; the lower

valve of the segment is also acute and extends a little

beyond the upper valve, which has a central carina, that

runs from the apex half-w ay towards the base.

This species, although distinct from, is very like

C. fuscipennis, also from. India, but its apical segment is

very much narrower. In C. fuscipennis it is somewhat

spoon-shaped.

Nomada adusta,

Female.—Length 3 lines. Ferruginous, with black

and yellow markings; wings hyaline, the anterior pair

fuscous at their tips. Head: the clypeus and face, as high

as the insertion of the antenn, yellow. Thorax: the

scutellum, post-scutellum, the tubercles and collar yellow.

Abdomen: a black spot on each side of the basal segment,

its apical margin fusco-ferruginous; the second segment

with a broad, sub-interrupted, yellow fascia at its basal

margin; the rest of the segment, as well as the following

segments, dark rufo-piceous; the third segment has a

yellow fascia on its apical margin; the following segment

has two large united yellow macule; the apical segment

covered with silvery-white pubescence.

The male resembles the female, but its general colouring

is darker, the thorax being black with ferruginous stains ; :

the antennze dark fuscous above.

Anthidium rasorium.

Female.—Length 2? lines. Black: an interrupted

yellow fascia on each abdominal segment; the legs, and

abdomen beneath, ferruginous. Head very closely and

finely punctured ; the clypeus, face as high as the insertion

of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera. 51

of the antenn, a spot-on the mandibles and a line behind

the eyes, and on the margin of the vertex, white. Thorax

very closely punctured; a yellow line passes over the

tegulz and runs on to the posterior margin of the scutellum ;

wings hyaline and iridescent, the tegule rufo-testaceous ;

the basal joint of the posterior tarsi cream-coloured. The

head, thorax and legs with short cinereous pubescence.

Abdomen: a yellow fascia in the middle of each segment ;

that on the first only commenced at the sides, the second

widely interrupted, the rest narrowly so; the sixth with

a large cordate-shaped spot; clothed beneath with pale

fulvous pubescence.

Male.—Closely resembles the female; the face has the

white colouring extended above the insertion of the an-

tennz, a spot in front of the anterior ocellus, and the

mandibles, white; the anterior margin of the mesothorax

with an interrupted white line; the tegulz in front, the

tubercles and a white stripe passing from them down the

sides and also beneath the thorax, the legs also striped

with white; the fasciz on the abdomen scarcely inter-

rupted.

Hab.—Barrackpore ; Bombay Presidency.

Mr. Rothney found this insect at Barrackpore; Dr. Leith

took it in the latter district.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I.

. Meranoplus bicolor, $. 1a. Antenna of ditto.

” ” Q ¢ 2a. ”

” ” :

. Pseudomyrma bicolor, 9.

Cyathocera nodicornis, . 5a. Antenna of ditto. 50. Posterior leg

of ditto.

. Nomia oxybeloides, g. 6a. Posterior leg of ditto,

. Posterior leg of Nomia Eiliotii, g.

curvipes, g.

antennata, &.

thoracica, g.

SOSA Sumo tor

Bea

V. Descriptions of new species of Bees belonging to the

genus Nomia of Latreille. By FREDERICK SMITH.

[Read 15th March, 1875.]

Upwarps of twenty years ago a monograph of this genus

was in preparation by Professor Westwood; circum-

stances have retarded its completion; several species in

the National Collection were at that time described, the

manuscript names being published in the British Museum

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in 1853; since that

time several of the species have been described by myself

in the series of papers descriptive of the Hymenoptera of

the Eastern Archipelago, which were published in the

Proceedings of the Linnean Society. In this paper

thirty-eight species are described, and seven in the paper

on Indian Hymenoptera, making a total of forty-five.

The species, the types of which are in the National Col-

lection, are distinguished by the prefix of a*. Figures

of the legs of the males of the two most common

European | species are given, one being that of the type

of the genus; the synonymy of those species is also

added. All the figures of the posterior legs of the males

represent them as when viewed exteriorly ; consequently,

in some instances, spines on their inner margin are not

visible. All sizes of the species are given in French

lines.

Nomia déversipes. (PI. II. fig. 1, ¢.)

Nomia diversipes, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 155, $ ;

Oliv. Encycl. Méth. vii. 376; St.

Farg. Hym. Hist. Nat. des Ins. i.

293, $. (Type.)

Nomia humeralis, Duf. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. viii. 584 ;

Costa, Faun. del Reg. di Napoli,

Hym. i. 6, pA AUX, fie. 2, 3, tab.

Sia, tipi. lk. 2s

Hab.—France; Italy.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (AMLAY.)

54. Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species of

Nomia difformis. (PI. II. fig. 2, 3.)

Lasius difformis, Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ., Fas. 89,

tab. 15, $; Jurine, Hym. 238.

Nomia difformis, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 155, ¢;

Eversm. Bull. Mose. xxv. 11;

Schenck, Die Bienen Nassau, 397.

Andrena humeralis, Jurine, Hym. pl. 14, fig. 6, 2 ?

Nomia monstrosa, Costa, Faun. del Reg. di Napoli,

Hym. i. tab. xxxi. fig. 1, 3.

Hab.—France; Italy; Germany; 8. Russia.

*1. Nomia capitata.

Male.—Length 2} lines. Black: head wider than the

thorax; legs pale ferruginous: abdomen with pubescent

fascie. TELlead: the mandibles and flagellum of the an-

tenn pale ferruginous, the former rufo-piceous at their

apex; the front covered with short, pale-fulvous pubescence.

Thorax: a little fulvous pubescence on the scutellum,

that on the sides of the metathorax, beneath, and on the

legs, is cinereous; wings hyaline and splendidly iridescent,

the tegule and nervures rufo-testaceous. Abdomen:

narrowed towards its base, closely and finely punctured ;

the margins of the segments depressed; the apical margins

of all the segments with fasciz of pale fulvous pubes-

cence. —

Hab.—Northern India.

In this small species the posterior femora are not

swollen, and the tibiz are not wider than the first joint of

the tarsi.

*2. Nomia clypeata. (PI. II. fig. 18, $.)

Male.—Length 33 lines. Black: the flagellum of the

antenne, the mandibles, apex of the clypeus, ferruginous ;

the abdomen with pale fulvous pubescent fascie. The

face, below the insertion of the antennze, covered with dense

silvery-white pubescence. Thorax: the mesothorax closely

and finely punctured, and with short, pale-fulvous pubes-

cence, that on the post-scutellum being white; on the

sides, and also beneath it, is cimereous; the legs rufo-

piceous, with short glittering cinereous pubescence above ; -

the posterior femora swollen, not greatly so, the tibiz

dilated to their apex; wings hyaline and iridescent, the

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 55

nervures rufo-testaceous; the tegule testaceous, palest at

their outer margins. Abdomen: very closely and finely

punctured; a pale-fulvous fascia on the apical margins

of all the segments.

Hab.—India.

In the unique example of this species the fascia of the

basal segment only remains at the sides; it is most

probably abraded in the middle.

*3. Nomia basalis.

Female.—Length 4 lines. Black, with the flagellum

of the antennz and the legs ferruginous. Head: the

front with silvery-white pubescence; the scape of the

antennze rufo-piceous, the mandibles ferruginous at their

apex; the clypeus coarsely punctured. Thorax: the

mesothorax with large, somewhat distant punctures; the

sides of the prothorax, a line at the apical margin of the

mesothorax, the post-scutellum, and sides of the meta-

thorax, with short white tomentose pubescence; the legs

have a glittering silvery-white pubescence ; wings hyaline,

faintly clouded at their apical margins, the nervures rufo-

testaceous; the tegule large, pale testaceous, and more or

less rufo-fuscous at their inner margins anteriorly. Abdo-

men short and ovate; the basal segment closely and

deeply punctured; the basal margins of the second and

third segments with fascia of white pubescence; a narrow,

pale-yellowish fascia, not pubescent, on the third segment

near its apical margin; rufo-testaceous beneath.

Hab.—India.

*4,. Nomia fervida. (PI. II. fig. 12, $.)

Male.—Length 4 lines. Black: the legs pale yellow,

with rufo-fuscous markings; abdomen with fine pale

yellowish-white fasciz. Head: the face covered with

bright pale-golden pubescence; the antennz pale fulvous

beneath. Thorax: the mesothorax very finely and closely

punctured, its margins, as well as the post-scutellum, with

yellowish-white tomentum; the cox, trochanters and

base of the intermediate and posterior femora rufo-fuscous,

a spot of the same colour on the outside of the posterior

tibie ; the posterior femora greatly swollen, and with a

tooth on the inferior margin near their apex; the tibize

greatly dilated at their apex. The apical margins of the

56) ~ “Mrk. sf descriptions of new species of

segments of the abdomen pale testaceous, and covered

with yellowish-white tomentum. Wings hyaline, faintly

clouded at their apex, the nervures rufo-testaceous, with

their tegulz pale.

Hab.—India (the Deccan).

5. Nomia combusta. (PI. II. fig. 9, ¢.)

Male.—Length 43 lines. Black: the face with golden

pubescence ; . the legs and antennz pale ferruginous; the

tarsi yellowish. The. anterior margin of the “thorax and

the post-scutellum with yellowish- white tomentum ; that

on the scutellum, lateral and posterior margin of the

mesothorax is fulvous; wings fulv o-hyaline, the nervures

rufo-testaceous ; their apical margins faintly clouded; the

posterior femora much swollen, and with a minute tooth

beneath; the tibize much dilated at their apex, and pro-

duced into an acute process. Abdomen narrowed to its

base; the apical margins of the segments with pale-

fulvous, rather broad pubescent fascize.

Hab.—Bombay.

This species is remarkable in having its anterior tarsi

fringed behind with bright pale-fulvous pubescence.

6. Nomia pilipes.

Female.—Leneth 3? lines. Head and thorax black ;

abdomen ferruginous. Head, thorax and legs densely

clothed with short cinereous pubescence, that on the

thorax above is ochraceous; the flagellum of the antennz

beneath, and the apical joints of the tarsi, ferruginous ;

the mandibles ferruginous at their apex. The wings

hyaline and iridescent; the nervures testaceous; the costal

nerve and the stigma fuscous. The apical margins of the

seoments of the abdomen with white pubescent fascia,

that on the basal segment being the narrowest.

ITab.—Northern India.

*7, Nomia terminata.

Female.— Length 53 lines. Black: wings fulvo-hyaline,

with a dark-fuscous cloud at the apex of the anterior pair

extending from the apex of the marginal cell. Head and

thorax very closely punctured, the ly peus more coarsely

so; the flagellum, except the three basal joints, fulvous

beneath. ‘The entire pubescence fulyous; the tegule of

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 57

the wings rufo-testaceous; the abdomen smooth, shining,

and very delicately punctured ; slightly pubescent at the

base.

Hab.—Birmah.

This species would in all probability have a thin pubes-

cence both on the thorax and abdomen if in the finest

condition. The unique example was collected in spirit.

8. Nomia carinata.

Female.—Length 31 lines. Black: the head and

thorax closely punctured, the head most finely so; the

clypeus with a central longitudinal carina; its lateral

margins being also slightly raised. The flagellum fulvous

beneath; the pubescence on the face and cheeks cinereous.

Thorax: the post-scutellum with pale tomentum; the pu-

bescence on the sides, beneath, and on the legs, cinereous ;

the femora, tibize and tarsi ferruginous ; the anterior and

intermediate tibize and tarsi, and also the posterior tarsi,

rufo-piceous above; the wings hyaline, the nervures dark

fusco-ferruginous, the outer margin of the tegule pale

testaceous. Abdomen: the apical margin of all the

segments white, with tints of green in certain lights ;

beneath, the margins of the segments fringed with pale-

fulvous pubescence.

Hab.—Ceylon.

*9. Nomia albofasciata.

Female.—Length 44 lines. Black: the abdomen with

a white fascia on the apical margin of the first and three

following segments. Head: the front and cheeks with

cinereous pubescence ; the thorax densely clothed above

with short, ochraceous pubescence, that on the legs is of

a silvery whiteness, except that on the tarsi beneath, which

is bright fulvous; the flagellum, except the first joint,

fulvous beneath; wings hyaline, the nervures fuscous, the

tegule pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen very finely and

closely punctured at the base; the two apical segments

with short rufo-fulvous pubescence.

Hab.—Java.

*10. Nomia fuscipennis.

Female.—Length 5 lines. Black: head closely and

finely punctured, opaque ; abdomen shining, the base with

a few distant fine punctures, the other portion finely and

§8 Mr Ff. sts descriptions of new species of

closely punctured; the face with a thin griseous pubes-

cence; the clypeus coarsely punctured; the flagellum of

the antenne fulvous beneath. Thorax: the post-scutellum

and sides of the metathorax with white pubescence; the

general pubescence on the legs griseous, a dense floccus

on the posterior femora beneath; the apical joints of the

tarsi ferruginous, their pubescence beneath fulvous; wings

fusco-hyaline, a darker cloud along their anterior margin,

and occupying the apex of the anterior wing beyond the

third submarginal cell. Abdomen: a thin griseous pubes-

cence at the extreme base, and on the sides and beneath.

Hab.—Sumatra.

From Sir Stamford Raffles’ Collection.

*11. Nomia quadridentata. (PI. II. fig. 6, ¢.)

Female. Length 5 lines. Black: the pubescence pale

fulvous, the abdomen with four blue-green or greenish-

yellow fasciz. Head and thorax finely shagreened ; the

clypeus rugose and with a longitudinal carina; the pos-

terior margin of the mesothorax and the post-scutellum

with dense, short, pale pubescence; on the sides of the

metathorax it is long and dense; the posterior femora

thickly fringed beneath, and the entire pubescence of the

legs pale fulvous, very bright and glittering; the wings .

subhyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous, the stigma and

costal nervure darkest ; the apical margins of the wings

faintly clouded; the tegule pale testaceous. _ Abdomen

very finely and closely punctured, the base with a thin

fulvous pubescence.

Male.—The same length as the female ; the pubescence

on the face cinereous; the scutellum, mesothorax and base

of the abdomen more strongly punctured than in the

female; the scutelkum with a minute spine at its posterior

lateral angles, the post-scutellum having two longer ones ;

the posterior femora greatly swollen and with a cinereous

fringe beneath; the tibiz more or less obscurely ferru-

ginous, curved, and terminating in a pale-ferruginous pro-

cess beneath, which is rounded at its apex. Abdomen

with four fasciz varying in colour, as in the female.

Hab.—Celebes; Java; Morty Island.

*12. Nomia floralis.

Female.—Length 33 lines. Black: the base of the

abdomen ferruginous. Head: the front and cheeks with

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 59

griseous pubescence. ~Thorax finely and closely punc-

tured above; the margins of the mesothorax and the post-

scutellum with short, pale, fulvous pubescence, that on the

legs is still paler, and very bright and glittering; the legs

rufo-piceous, the tarsi paler ; wings subhyaline, their apical

margins clouded, the nervures and tegulee rufo-testaceous,

the stigma pale. Abdomen: the basal segment and apical

half of the second ferruginous; the apical margin of the

second and following segments with fasciz of pale-fulvous

pubescence.

Hab.— Hong Kong.

*13. Nomia opposita.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Black; the head, meso-

thorax and scutellum very finely and closely punctured ;

the metathorax coarsely rugose. Head: the front thinly

covered with cinereous pubescence, the clypeus fringed

with fulvous hairs at its anterior margin. Thorax: its

pubescence cinereous, on the tibiz and tarsi exteriorly it

is fuscous ; wings hyaline and iridescent, faintly clouded

at their apical margins, the nervures dark fuscous. Abdo-

men slightly shining, very finely and closely punctured; a

pale-pubescent, narrow fascia at the basal margins of the

_second, third and fourth segments.

HHab.—North China.

*14, Nomia chalybeata. (PI. II. fig. 5, ?).

wf 8

Female.—Length 53 lines. Head and thorax black ;

the abdomen obscurely chalybeous in the female, and

brightly so in the male. Head: the front with a thin

cinereous pubescence, on the cheeks it is more dense; the

clypeus rough, with confluent punctures, and having a

longitudinal carina ; the flagellum of the antennz, except

the first joint, fulvous beneath. Thorax closely punc-

tured above, and with more or less of fulvous pubescence ;

the legs have a pale-fulvous, glittering pubescence; the

apex of the claw-jomts ferruginous; wings subhyaline,

faintly clouded at the apex of the superior pair, the

nervures ferruginous. Abdomen closely punctured, most

strongly so at the base; the second and two following seg-

ments have a narrow green or blue-green fascia on their

apical margins; the three terminal segments with short

black pubescence, which is most dense on the apical one.

Male.— The same size as the female, the abdomen being

60 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species of

rather more strongly and closely punctured towards the

base; it has also an additional band on the abdomen, the

fascize being in some examples greenish-yellow; the pos-

terior femora incrassate, the tibiae curved and produced at

their apex within into a thin, pale-testaceous process,

which is truncate at the apex. ;

Hab.—Shanghai, N. China.

*15. Nomia Australica. (PI. II. fig. 11, ¢.)

Female.— Length 44—5 lines. Head and thorax black,

abdomen steel-blue. Head: the scape of the antenne, the

flagellum beneath and the anterior margin of the clypeus

ferruginous, the scape sometimes fuscous behind; the front

and vertex with pale-fulvous pubescence, that on the cheeks

cinereous. ‘Thorax: very delicately punctured above, and

with distant stronger punctures interspersed ; the pubes-

cence on the sides, beneath, and on the legs, cinereous ;

the post-scutellum with short white pubescence ; wings

subhyaline, faintly clouded at their apical margins; the

exterior margins of the tegule more or less testaceous.

Abdomen: very finely and. very closely punctured; the

third and fourth segments with pubescent fascize, more or

less fulvous on their apical margins; sometimes a more

or less interrupted fascia on the second segment, but

usually obsolete.

Male.— Bears a strong resemblance to the female, but

narrower, the abdomen being narrowed towards its base ;

the antenne as long as the head and thorax; the apex

of the cly peus, and also the mandibles pale teseneemie

The posterior femora swollen, the tibiz dilated at their

apex, and produced beneath into a truncate process.

This appears to be the most abundant species found in

Australia. It not only varies in the colour of its pubes-

cence from age, but also apparently from the locality it

inhabits, specimens from Adelaide being the most highly

coloured that I have seen.

Hab.— Adelaide ; Port Philip; Moreton Bay; Swan

River; Champion Bay.

*16. Nomia merens.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Black: very closely and

finely punctured, except the clypeus, which is coarsely

punctured ; the pubescence cinereous, except that on the

tarsi beneath, which is bright fulvous. The antennz

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 61

slightly fulvous towards their apex beneath. Thorax:

the wings sub-hyaline, slightly clouded at their apical

margins; the pubescence on the posterior legs very bright

and glittering. The apical margins of the second, third

and fourth segments of the abdomen with narrow, white-.

pubescent fasciz, frequently more or less interrupted; at

the extreme apex it is fusco-ferruginous.

Hab.— Australia.

Nomia generosa is probably the male of this species.

*17. Nomia generosa.

Male.—Length 4} lines. Black: closely and finely

punctured ; the tibiz and tarsi bright ferruginous. Head:

the front and cheeks with cinereous pubescence; antennze

as long as the head and thorax. ‘Thorax: the pubescence

on the thorax and legs cinereous; wings hyaline at their

base, their apical half slightly fuscous, the nervures and

tegulz ferruginous ; the scutellum bituberculate : the post-

scutellum with white pubescence ; the posterior femora and

tibize not enlarged. Abdomen: the apical margins of the

second and following segments with narrow, white-pubes-

cent fasciz ; beneath rufo-piceous.

Hab.—Moreton Bay.

*18. Nomia gracilipes.

Female.—Length 33 lines. Head and thorax black ;

abdomen blue, with the apex ferruginous. Head: the

front and the cheeks with griseous pubescence ; the flagel-

lum of the antenne bright fulvous beneath. Thorax: the

sides, beneath, and the legs, with griseous pubescence ;

the meso-thorax with two ovate spots of white pubescence

posteriorly at the margin of the scutellum; the post-scu-

tellum with white pubescence; wings hyaline, with their

apical margins slightly fuscous. Abdomen: a little white

pubescence on the apical margins of the first, second and

third segments laterally.

Male.—As long as the female, and similarly coloured ;

the apex of the clypeus pale testaceous ; antennez as long

as the head and thorax; the flagellum bright fulvous

beneath ; the thorax as in the female; in fine examples,

the white spots of pubescence frequently obliterated : the

posterior legs simple, or very slightly swollen. Abdomen

oblong, with white spots, as in the female.

Hab.— Adelaide.

62 Mr. F. in: descriptions of new species of

A number of specimens have been examined, not one

being in very fine condition. It is probable that the thorax

would have been more pubescent, and the margins of the

segments have had more complete fasciz, had specimens

in fine condition been available.

19. Nomia nana.

Female.—Length 33 lines. Black: the coxe, tro-

chanters and femora rufo-piceous; the tibiz and tarsi

ferruginous; abdomen with broad, yellowish-white pubes-

cent fascize on the second and followmg segments, the first

having a little pubescence laterally ; at the extreme apex

of the abdomen a little fulvous pubescence. The face

with a thin griseous pubescence; the flagellum fulvous

beneath, except one or two of the first jomts. Thorax :

the wings subhyaline, their apical margins slightly

clouded; the nervures and tegule pale ferruginous; the

post-scutellum with pale pubescence.

Hab.— Adelaide.

*20. Nomia ruficornis. (Pl. II. fig. 7, ¢.)

Male.—Leneth 33 lines. Black: the flagellum of the

antennze ferruginous, and also the apex of the femora, the

tibiz: and tarsi; the abdomen with cinereous fasciz on the

apical margins of the second and following segments.

Head: the face with cinereous pubescence; the apex of

the clypeus rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline, faintly

clouded at their apical margins ; the nervures ferruginous ;

the tegule rufo-testaceous; the posterior femora swollen ;

the tibize broadly dilated. Abdomen oblong-ovate.

Hab.—Sydney.

*21. Nomia dentiventris. (Pl. II. fig. 15, 3.)

Male.— Length 4 lines. Black: the abdomen with

pale-fulvous pubescent fasciz; the posterior femora di-

lated, and the third ventral seement with two blunt teeth.

Head: the front with pale fulvous pubescence; that on

the cheeks cinereous, and that on the vertex fuscous.

Thorax: thinly covered with short fuscous pubescence

above ; on the sides, beneath and on the legs it is cmereous ;

wings hyaline and iridescent, faintly clouded at their apical

margins ; the nervures fusco-ferruginous ; the tegule dark

rufo-testaceous ; legs rufo-piceous, with the tibie, tarsi

ate

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 63

and apex of the femora-ferruginous ; the posterior femora

swollen ; the tibiz dilated and abruptly narrowed at their

base. Abdomen oblong.

Hab.—Sydney.

22. Nomia erata.

Male.— Length 33 lines. Of a brassy colour; the head

and thorax obscurely so. Head: the flagellum of the

antennze, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the

mandibles, except their extreme base, rufo-fulvous ; the

face with glittering cinereous pubescence. Thorax: a

little cinereous pubescence on the sides of the metathorax ;

a thin similar pubescence beneath, on the sides and on the

legs; the legs ferruginous; the femora rufo-piceous above ;

the posterior femora slightly swollen ; the tibiz dilated at

their apex; wings hyaline; their nervures and tegule

rufo-testaceous. Abdomen bright and brassy, with the

apical margins of the segments depressed; beneath rufo-

piceous, with an eeneous tinge.

Hab.— Australia.

*23. Nomia enea. (PI. II. fig. 13, 2.)

Male.—Length 4 lines. Obscurely eneous; the coxe

and femora rufo-piceous; the tibiz and tarsi ferruginous.

Head as wide as the thorax; the flagellum, except the

first joint, fulvous beneath; the apical margin of the

clypeus and the mandibles ferruginous; the front with

cinereous pubescence. Thorax closely punctured ; the

wings hyaline; nervures fusco-ferruginous ; the posterior

femora and tibize swollen ; the apical margins of the second

and following segments with pale-fulvous pubescence.

Hab.— Port Essington.

*24, Nomia Nilotica.

Female.—Length 4 lines. The mandibles, antenne,

legs, thorax beneath, and base of the abdomen ferru-

ginous; otherwise black. Head: the front densely

covered with short snow-white pubescence; the anterior

margin of the thorax with white tomentum; the legs

have, outside, a glittering white pubescence; the wings

hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the tegule large and

white, with a ferruginous spot at their inner anterior

margin. Abdomen with broad, white-pubescent fasciz.

Hab.—W hite Nile.

64 Mr. F. oh: descriptions of new species of

The fascize are abraded in some degree in the unique

specimen, but enough remains to show that all, except

perhaps the first seoment, had entire fascie when the

insect was in perfect ‘condition.

25. Nomia rufipes. (Pl. II. fig. 3, 3.)

Male.—Length 3? lines. Black: the legs, flagellum

and mandibles pale ferruginous; the pubescence pale

fulvous, except that on the cheeks, which is cinereous.

Thorax with short pubescence above; the wings fulvo-

hyaline, the nervures and tegulz pale ferruginous* the

legs have the cox and trochanters black; the posterior

femora swollen and with a stout tooth beneath ; ; the tibice

curved, dilated at their apex, and with a small acute tooth

in the middle of their inner margin. Abdomen very

finely and closely punctured, pubescent, with the apical

margins of all the segments testaceous, and with fasciz of

pale-fulvous pubescence.

Hab.—Gambia.

*26. Nomia tridentata. (PI. II. fig. 10, ¢.)

Male.— Length 34 lines. Black, pubescent; the

posterior femora very greatly swollen and pubescent, with

three sharp teeth or spines beneath, the third, near their

apex, being the smallest. Head: the face with bright

pale yellowish-white pubescence, that on the cheeks cine-

reous; the flagellum of the antennz fulvous beneath.

Thorax clothed above with dull fulvous pubescence,

beneath and on the legs it is pale fulvous; the legs rufo-

piceous; the tarsi pale; the posterior femora _palest

beneath; the tibiz curved, and produced at their apex

beneath into a long, pale-testaceous process, somewhat

lanceolate in form; wings hyaline and iridescent, the

nervures rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate and pubescent,

that at the base cinereous, the rest fulvous; the apical

margins of the segments, except the basal one, testaceous ;

beneath, the segments towards the apex with long, dense

cinereous pubescence.

Hab.—Cape of Good Hope ; Gambia.

This species is somewhat like Nomia vulpina, Gerst.,

described and figured in Reis. Mossamb. (Peters), but it

is a smaller insect, its pubescence of a different colour,

and its abdomen and posterior legs of a different form.

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 65

27. Nomia rubella. (PI. II. fig. 17, ¢.)

Male.—Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black;

abdomen red. Head and thorax closely and strongly

punctured; the front of the head clothed with griseous

pubescence. ‘The mesothorax with a central impressed

line and an abbreviated one on each side of it; the scu-

tellum depressed in the middle and subtuberculate on

each side; wings fuscous and with a violet iridescence ;

the posterior femora and tibize punctured, the former

greatly swollen, and with a minute tooth beneath near

their apex ; the tibize narrow at their base to one-third of

their length, then abruptly dilated, and having a minute

tooth beneath near their apex; the tarsi ferruginous at

their base. Abdomen black at its extreme base, rather

strongly and very closely punctured; the apical margins

of the segments smooth and shining; the apex with

fuscous pubescence.

Hab.— Gambia.

28. Nomia lamellata. (PI. II. fig. 8, 3.)

Female.—Leneth 53 lines. Black: the legs ferru-

ginous; abdomen with four white, or pale-yellow fascie.

Head: the antennz and mandibles ferruginous; the front

with pale bright pubescence, that on the cheeks white.

Thorax: the pubescence at the margins of the meso-

thorax pale fulvous, on the sides and beneath it is

nearly white; wings subhyaline, the nervures and tegulz

ferruginous; on each side of the scutellum is a thin,

short, projecting, pale-testaceous lamella, and another, the

width of the post-scutellum, projects from its base, and is

deeply notched in its posterior margin. Abdomen: the

apical margins of the first and three following segments

with pale-yellow fasciz, sometimes cream-coloured, the

first being the narrowest. |

Male.—Greatly resembles the female, but has an addi-

tional fascia on the abdomen, and has the posterior femora

much swollen ; the tibize swollen and greatly dilated, and

produced at their apex beneath into a long pointed pro-

cess; at their base above is a little snow-white pubes-

cence.

Hub.—Gambia; Egypt.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) F

66 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species of

*929, Nomia cinerascens.

Male.—Length 2? lines. Black, and thinly covered

with cinereous pubescence, that on the face being pale

golden. The flagellum of the antennz fulvous, except

the basal joint, and slightly fuscous above. Thorax: the

post-scutellum with short, white pubescence; the wings

hyaline and brightly iridescent ; the nervures pale testa-

ceous; the anterior tibiz in front and all the tarsi pale

rufo-testaceous ; the posterior femora not dilated. Abdo-

men gradually widened to the apex, which is pale testa-

ceous, the margins of the segments depressed, somewhat

testaceous, and with pale pubescent fasciee.

Hab.— Natal.

*30. Nomia producta. (PI. II. fig. 16, $.)

Male.— Length 53 lines. Black: the pubescence cine-

reous; the clypeus greatly produced forwards, to nearly

half the length of the head, its apex, as well as the

labrum, white. Thorax: the wings hyaline, with a

darkish-fuscous cloud beyond the enclosed cells, which

extends to their apical margins; the legs obscure fusco-

ferruginous; the posterior femora slightly ‘dilated: the tibiae

curved, widened at their apex, which is produced into

an elongate, pale-testaceous, scale-like process. Abdomen

elongate and widened towards its apex, covered with a

slightly fulvous pile, the apical margins of the segments

with bright silvery-white fasciz, observable in certain

lights, the margins being narrowly testaceous.

Hab.—Natal.

*31. Nomia serratula.

Male.—Length 3? lines. Black: the apical margins

of the segments of the abdomen bright rufo-testaceous ;

the entire insect closely and strongly punctured. Head,

below the insertion of the antennz, covered with cinereous

pubescence. Thorax: the legs obscurely rufo-piceous,

the tarsi palest; a cinereous pubescence on the legs as

well as on the thorax beneath and on the sides; the

posterior legs not swollen, their tibiz serrated exteriorly;

wings subhyaline at their base, with a fuscous cloud

beyond the stigma, and brightly iridescent; the nervures

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 67

fuscous, the tegule black. Abdomen: the apical margins

much depressed; beneath rufo-testaceous.

Hab.— Natal.

This species varies in the colouring of the abdomen

from that described to being ferruginous with only the

basal segment, or with that and a dark stain in the

middle of the second, black.

*32. Nomia rujfitarsis.

Male.—Length 3 lines. Black, closely punctured, tarsi

pale ferruginous, abdomen with three snow-white fasciz.

Head: the face covered with cinereous pubescence; the

flagellum of the antennz fulvous beneath. Thorax: the

pubescence on the sides, beneath and on the legs cinereous;

the scutellum bituberculate, the post-scutellum with white

pubescence, wings hyaline and iridescent, nervures fuscous;

the tegulz testaceous, posterior legs simple. Abdomen:

the apical margins of the second, third and fourth segments

white; the margin of the basal segment fringed laterally

with griseous pubescence.

Hab.— Angola Country (Africa).

*33. Nomia armata. (PI. II. fig. 14, ¢.)

Male.—Length 5 lines. Black: the pubescence fulvous,

more or less bright; the posterior femora and tibiz enlarged,

and armed with a short tooth. Head covered below the

insertion of the antennz with bright pale-fulvous pubes-

cence; the flagellum of the antenne fulvous beneath; the

mandibles pale ferruginous. Thorax densely clothed

above with short fulvous pubescence ; wings subhyaline,

slightly clouded at their apex, the nervures ferruginous ;

the anterior and intermediate tarsi, tibize and femora, except

the base of the latter, and the posterior femora (at their

apex), tibiz and tarsi, fulvo-ferruginous; the posterior

femora greatly swollen, and with an acute tooth in the

middle of their inferior margin; the tibiz curved, dilated

towards their apex, with an acute tooth beneath, and

produced at their apex into a pointed process. Abdomen

closely and finely punctured, the apical margins of the

segments testaceous and with fascie of pale-fulvous

pubescence.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

68 Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species of

*34. Nomia fulvohirta.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Black: the pubescence

fulvous, that on the face being paler than the rest; on the

metathorax it is also pale; on the mesothorax it is short

and dense ; the apical margins of the second and following

seoments of the abdomen with pubescent fascix. The

flagellum bright fulvous beneath ; the mandibles ferru-

ginous at their base; the wings hyaline, their nervures

rufo-testaceous, as well as the tegul, the costal nervure

fuscous. ‘The base of the abdomen very finely and closely

punctured.

Male.—Rather smaller than the female, which it greatly

resembles; the face with bright fulvous pubescence ; : the

antennz ferruginous, with the flagellum more or less

fuscous above. Wings as in the female ; ; the legs bright

pale ferruginous, the : coxe and trochanters rufo-piceous ;

the posterior femora not swollen. The two basal segments

of the abdomen finely and closely punctured.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

*35. Nomia candida.

Female.—Length 31 lines. Black: the abdomen with

three yellowish-white fascie. Head: the front with short

cinereous pubescence. Thorax densely clothed above

with very short fulvous pubescence, that on the post-

scutellum nearly white; the lees rufo-piceous; the apical

joints of the tarsi palest; the tibiz and tarsi with glittering

cinereous pubescence. Abdomen: the apical margin of

the first segment with a narrow, lateral, whitish-pubescent

fascia, the apical margins of the following segments white,

faintly tinged with yellow, not pubescent.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

*36. Nomia nubecula.

Male.—Length 4 lines. Black: the pubescence ful-

vous, the tibiz and tarsi pale ferruginous; the anterior

wings hyaline, with a dark cloud at their apex, com-

mencing at the apex of the third submarginal cell. Head

anteriorly clothed with short, bright, pale-fulvous pubes-

cence; the mandibles ferruginous ; the scape, and the

flagellum, fulvous beneath. Thorax above closely punc-

tured ; the scutellum bituberculate; the tegule not en-

larged, and rufo-testaceous; the posterior femora and

Bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. 69

tibie simple. Abdomen shining, slightly punctured at

the base, more closely and strongly so beyond ; the apical

margins of the segments narrowly testaceous, and fringed

with pale-fulvous pubescence.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

This species would probably have the mesothorax and

scutellum covered with short, fulvous pubescence, in very

recently disclosed specimens.

*37. Nomia tegulata.

Female.—Length 23—3} lines. Black, and thinly

covered with short cinereous pubescence, that on the tarsi

and posterior tibiz pale fulvous. Head: the flagellum

fulvous beneath towards the apex; the clypeus rather

strongly and closely punctured. Thorax: the metathorax

smooth, with the sides punctured; wings hyaline, with

their apical margins clouded, the nervures testaceous, the

tegulz large and pale testaceous, having anteriorly a rufo-

fuscous spot; the posterior tibiz and all the tarsi pale

ferruginous. Abdomen: at the basal margins of the

seoments a fascia of pale pubescence, over which is a thin

fringe of pale-fulvous hairs on the apical margins.

Hab.—Sierra Leone.

*38. Nomia Kirbit. (Pl. II. fig. 19, 20, 2.)

Male.— Length 63 lines. Black: the pubescence sooty-

black, the antenne elongate, reaching to the posterior

margin of the scutellum, the apical joint club-shaped and

compressed ; the wings dark fuscous, the apical margins

of the segments of the abdomen obscurely testaceous.

Hab.—Brazil, or Mexico.

This insect, which is, I believe, unique in the British

Museum, is in a very bad state of preservation, so much

so as to render it quite possible that its original colourmg

was very different to that it at present exhibits; the

abdomen had probably fulvous fasciz, and the face and

sides of the metathorax might also have had fulvous

pubescence. An examination of a perfect specimen would,

I believe, prove that it belongs to a new genus. It was

formerly in the collection of the Rev. Wm. Kirby, who

attached a memorandum to it: “ Gen. nov. inter An-

drena et Panurgus.”

70 ~Mr. F. Smith’s descriptions of new species, §c.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II.

1. Posterior leg of Nomia diversipes, &.

2. » » adifformis, g.

3. ” » rufipes, g.

4 ” » simillima, @.

5. ” » chalybeata, g.

6. ” » gquadridentata, &.

7 ” » -ruficornis, &.

8 7 » lamellata, g, and the seutellum.

9. ” » combusta, g.

10. ” 5 tridentata, g.

11. » » australis, &.

12, » » Servida, &.

13. 9 fi METS

14. ” 7 armata, &.

15. » » dentiventris, g.

16. ” 45 producta, &.

17. ” » rubella, g.

18. ” ” clypeata, g.

19. Antenna of » Kerby, g.

20. Posterior leg of _,, ak ee

VI. On the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. By

Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

{Read March 15th, 1875.]

THE present paper is intended to give a complete account

of the Lamellicorn Coleoptera, known at the present time

to be inhabitants of J¢ apan.

A considerable collection was brought to this country

by Mr. George Lewis, containing

as Swill be seen from

the list, very numerous species new to science, all collected

in South J apan.

I have added to this list a few new

species from the northern island, and such others as have

already been noticed as inhabitants of Japan.

SCARAB AIDE.

Temnoplectron parvulum, C. W.

Caccobius jessoénsis, Harold.

of brevis, C. W.

“ Catharsius ochus, Motsch.

Copris tripartita, C. W.

;, acutidens, Motsch.

Onthophagus Lenzii, Harold.

fodiens, C. W.

ater, C. W.

japonicus, Harold.

atripennis, C. W.

viduus, Harold.

nitidus, C. W.

ocellatopune tatus,C.W.

Oniticellus phanzoides, Westw.

APHODIID A.

Aphodius apicalis, Harold.

major, C. W.

globulus, Harold.

elegans, Allibert.

lividipennis, C. W.

diversus, C. W.

rectus, Motsch.

breviusculus, Mctsch.

castaneipennis, C. W.

nigerrimus, C. W.

4-punctatus, Udd.

uniplagiatus, C. W.

uniformis, C. W.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I.

Aphodius impunctatus, C. W.

pallidicinctus, C. W.

vitta, Motsch.

obsoleteguttatus, C. W.

pallidiligonis, C. W.

punctatus, C. W.

obsoletus, C. W.

ovalis, C. W.

rufangulus, C. W.

urostigma, Harold.

variabilis, C. W.

nigrotessellatus, Motsch.

atratus, CaNis

rugosostriatus, C. W.

Lewisii, C. W.

Ammecius nitidulus, C. W.

Saprosites japonicus, C. W.

Rhyssemus asperulus, C. W.

Psammodius convexus, C. W.

/gialia nitida, C. W.

GEOTRUPID&.

Ochodzeus maculatus, C. W.

Bolboceras nigroplagiatum, C. W.

Geotrupes levistriatus, Motsch.

auratus, Moisch.

purpurascens, C. W.

TROGIDA.

Trox setifer, C. W.

» obscurus, C. W.

»» Opacotuberculatus, Motsch.

(MAY.)

”

2 Mr.

MELOLONTHIDE.

Ectinohoplia variolosa, C. W.

Hoplia communis, C. W.

» Ieerens, C, W.

Serica boops, C. W.

», brunnea, Linn.

» grisea, Motsch.

» polita, Gebler.

» japonica, Motsch.

» orientalis, Motsch.

Apogonia splendida, Bohem.

*, major, C. W.

Holotrichia parallela, Motsch,

>) picea, C. W.

* morosa, C. W.

¥ castanea, C. W.

transversa, Motsch

Pollaplonyx (g. n.) flavidus, C. W.

Heptophylla picea, Motsch.

Granida albolineata, Motsch.

Hoplosternus japonicus, Harold.

Melolontha japonica, Burm.

RUTELIDZ.

Phyllopertha horticola, Linn.

. diversa, C. W.

op irregularis, C. W.

cE orientalis, C. W.

A arenaria, Brullé.

7 octocostata, Burm.

rom nis j rufocuprea, Motsch.

rr geniculata, Motsch.

{ var. lucidulus, Motsch.

C. O. Waterhouse on the

Anomala testaccipes, Motsch.

» flavilabris, C. W.

y | difficilis, (COW.

is pubicollis, C. W.

Euchlora cuprea, Hope.

+ albopilosa, Hope.

‘. multistriata, Motsch.

Mimela Gaschkevitchii, Motsch.

», lucidula, Hope.

5 [testaceoviridis, Blanch. ]

Popilia japonica, Newm.

Adoretus tenuimaculatus, C. W.

DYNASTIDZ.

Xylotrupes dichotomus, Linn.

Phileurus chinensis, Falderm.

CETONIID 2.

Rhomborrhina japonica, Hope.

unicolor, Motsch,

polita, C. W.

Glycyphana pilifera, Motsch.

argyrosticta, Burm.

He albosetosa, Motsch.

os Sieboldi, Sn. vy. Voll.

. fulvistemma, Motsch.

Cetonia submarmorea, Burm.

» speculifera, Swartz.

Anthracophora rusticola, Burm.

Gnorimus subopacus, Motsch.

Trichius fasciatus, Linn,

a 17-guttatus, Sn. v. Voll.

”

os costata, Hope. Valgus angusticollis, C. W.

SCARAB/ZEIDZE.

Temnoplectron parvulum, C. Waterh.

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1874, x. p. 175.

Elongatum, subovatum, piceum, nitidum. Capite

magno, leviter convexo, subrotundato, subtilissime et

crebre punctulato ; margine antico depresso, in medio

bidenticulato atque inter denticulos emar einato. Thorace

crebre distincte punctato, longitudine duplo latiori, sat

convexo, antice angustato, margine antico leviter emar-

ginato, postico rotundato, lateribus ad angulos anticos

subito oblique angustatis; angulis anticis rectis, posticis

obtusis. Elytris sat convexis, levibus, longitudine non

brevioribus; infra humeros latioribus, dein ad apicem

arcuatim angustatis ; singulis tenuissime septem-striatis.

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 73

Tibiis compressis, arcuatis; tarsis compressis. Anten-

narum claya nigro-fusca.

Long. 24 mill. ; lat. 15 mill.

Hab.—F ukuhora; Nagasaki, in cow-dung, March and

April.

Caccobius jessoénsis, Harold.

Coleopterolog. Hefte, 11. 1867, p. 100.

“ Ovalis, deplanatus, leviter nitidus, nigro-sneus,

thorace subvirescente. Caput obsolete bicarinatum, clypeo

integro. Thorax parum dense punctatus, punctis versus

basin majoribus, angulis anticis acutiusculis. LElytra re-

gione scutellari impressa, sat fortiter crenato-striata,

interstitus leviter convexis, punctulatis. Pygidium equa-

liter sat dense punctatum. Palpi cum antennis picei.

Prosternum ut in C. Schreberi carina longitudinali acces-

soria.”

Long. 34 lin.

Hab.—Hakodadi. Coll. Brit. Mus.

Caccobius brevis, sp. nov.

Niger, nitidus, punctatus, brevis; elytris obscure piceis.

Capite transversim bicarinato, ante oculos vix dilatato,

crebre punctato. Thorace leviter convexo brevissime

pubescenti, antice quadrangulariter emarginato, angulis

anticis vix obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, postice

leviter bisinuato, crebre fortiter punctato, postice ocellato-

punctato. LHlytris ad latera et ad apicem leviter rotun-

datis; leviter striatis, striis distanter obsolete punctulatis,

interstitiis planis sat parce minute tuberculatis, et brevis-

sime hirsutis. Antennis ferrugineis ; clava nigra.

Long. 2—24 lin. ; lat. 11—13 lin.

Hab.—Hiogo; Osaka. In sandy places.

% Catharsius ochus, Motsch.

Ktud. Ent. 1860, p. 13.

“ Cath. jacchi valde affinis, sed thoracis medio minus

elevato, utrinque profundo-excavato ; elongato-ovatus,

convexus, niger; clypeo semilunato, creberrime punctato,

fronte incornu subcurvato producto; thorace punctatissimo,

medio gibboso, subbilobo, elevato, utrinque rotundato-

excavato; elytris thoracis latitudine, vix ovatis tenuissime

“74 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis, subtilissime scarificato-

rugulosis, subsericeo-nitidis.”

Long. 9 lin. ; lat. 44 lin.

2. Forehead with a short transverse carina; thorax

with a ridge towards the front of the disk.

Hab.—Simabara and Hiogo, and other sandy districts

in Kiushiu and Nipon. Very abundant.

Copris tripartita, sp. nov.

C. lunari affinis at minor, elytrorum interstitiis im-

punctatis. Niger, nitidus. Elytris punctato-striatis, in-

terstitiis convexiusculis, impunctatis.

$,max. Capite cornu longo erecto, fortiter punctato.

Thorace utrinque cornu erecto longo apice acuto; dorso

elevato, elevatione in medio a sulco fortiter punctato

divisi, antice quadrinodosé; angulis anticis rectis extus

emar ginatis.

‘Long. 4 lin. ; lat. 43 lin.

oe Capite cornu brevi obtuso. Thorace fortiter crebre

punctato, dorso fere levi a sulco fortiter punctato longi-

tudinaliter diviso, antice carina transversé brevi; angulis

anticis rotundato-obtusis.

Long. 8 lin. ; lat. 43 lin.

$, minor. Capite cornu brevi, acuto. Thoracis cor-

nubus lateralibus nullis.

Long. 7 lin.

Closely allied to C. lunaris. The head is similar, but

is only slightly emarginate in front. The thorax is of the

same form but has the sides emarginate on the outside at

the anterior angles, thus making them rectangular; the

armature is the same, but the central raised part is more

elevated and distinctly quadrituberculate on the front

margin; the surface is strongly punctured everywhere

except the upper part of the raised portion. The elytra

are more distinctly punctate-striate, the interstices slightly

more convex and without any punctuation.

In the female the thorax is thickly and strongly punc-

tured, except a smooth spot on each side of the disk.

This species must not be confounded with an Indian

one (for which I have no published name that I can

depend upon), “ C. pompilius, MSS.,” which differs from

C. tripartita in having in the larger development two

small tubercles in front at the base of the raised portion ;

and the interstices of the elytra are distinctly although

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan.

finely and moderately thickly punctured, whereas in C

tripartita they are without punctuation.

Hab.— Japan, Tsu-Sima.

¥ Copris acutidens, Motsch.

Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 13.

“Figura C. reflexi, F ., sed paulo major; oblonga, con-

vexa, nitida, nigra, ¢ fronte in cornu longissimo, curvato-

producto; thorace transverso, lateraliter explanato, medio

cornis quatuor elevatis armato, lateralibus tenuis, acutis-

simis, mediis conjuncto-productis, apice obtusis, elytris

elongato- subovatis, profunde punctato-striatis; ¢ clypeo

antice valde inciso, fronte cornu brevi, erecto armato,

thorace antice abrupte truncato, in carinam obtuso-elevato,

prominulo, carina transversa.”

Long. 5 lin.; lat. 22 lin.

Hab.—Hiogo, Osaka; usually abundant in sandy places

where it occurs.

Onthophagus Lenzit, Harold.

O. Lenzii, Harold, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, iv.

1874, p. 283.

Niger, subnitidus, antennis ferrugineis, vertice Setet,

duabus arcuatis approximatis, postica altiore, thorace

utrinque ad latera excavato, dorso supra foveolam cari-

nato, elytris leviter crenato-striatis, interstitiis parce, late-

ribus fortius punctatis.

Long. 53 lin.; lat. 33 lin.

Mas.—Carina antica verticis obsoletiore; tibiis anticis

basi e latere compressis et inflexis.

Fem.—Tibiis anticis simplicibus, extus 4-dentatis.

Hab.—Nipon, Yesso. Abundant.

Allied to O. angulatus, Redt.

Onthophagus fodiens, sp. nov.

Niger, subnitidus, sat convexus, dense punctatus.

$. Capite plano, latitudine 3 longiori, antice rotundato,

margine hevites reflexo, sat foniitee crebre punctato, trans-

versim ruguloso. Thorace capite vix duplo latiori, lateribus

rotundatis, antice emarginato, postice leviter bi-emarginato ;

angulis anticis prominentibus, obtusis; dorso fortiter gib-

76 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

boso, antice utrinque declivo, supra angulos posticos cari-

nato, fortiter crebre punctato, angulos “anticos versus Vix

punctulato, angulis posticis fortiter et paree punctatis.

Elytris dorsim subdepressis, brevibus, subopacis, leviter

striatis, striis nitidis parce punctulatis; interstitiis sub-

planis sat parce tenuiter punctulatis, latera versus sat

dense punctatis.

Long. 5 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

?. Capite antice vix reflexo, fronte transversim bicari-

nata. horace leviter convexo, angulis anticis minus

prominentibus.

Long. 3? lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Hab.—Onaura. Rare.

Onthophagus ater, sp. nov.

Ater, sat convexus, dense punctatus.

$. Capite plano, antice fere truncato, margine reflexo,

sat fortiter crebre punctato. Thorace capite vix duplo

latiori, lateribus rotundatis; dorso gibboso, antice utrinque

declivo, crebre fortiter punctato. Elytris vix nitidis, leviter

striatis, interstitiis vix convexiusculis, crebre sat fortiter

punctatis.

Long. 4 lin.; lat. 24 lin.

%. Fronte obsolete bicarinata.

This species is very close to the preceding. It differs,

however, in having the thorax rather more thickly punc-

tured. The interstices of the elytra are less flat, and are

thickly and somewhat strongly punctured, whereas in the

preceding species the interstices are only moderately

thickly punctured and the punctures are very lightly

impressed. In O. fodiens the carinx on the forehead of

the 2 are so placed that the anterior one is midway between

the posterior one and the apex, whereas in O. ater the

anterior carina is much nearer to the apex than to the

posterior carina.

Hab.—Nipon and Kiushiu. Abundant everywhere.

Onthophagus japonicus, Harold.

O. japonicus, Harold, ee: Nat. Ver. Bremen, i ly.

1874, p. 2

Niger, subzeneus, nitidus. ole obscure flavis, maculis

nonnullis humeralibus, fascia lacerata pone medium, sutura

maculdque apicali nigris.

Long. 5 lin.; lat. 3 lin.

all

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. ri

$. Capite antice rotundato, fronte carina semicirculari.

Thorace gibboso, disco utrinque in dentem triangularem

ampliato et ad latera sub dente foveé magna nitida.

2. Fronte bicarinaté; thorace leviter convexo.

Varieties occur in which the black markings are reduced

to a few spots.

Hab.—Hiogo and Osaka. “ At the foot of Maiyasan

it has occurred in great plenty.”

Onthophagus atripennis, sp. nov.

Nigro-zneus ; capite thoraceque nigro-cuprascentibus ;

elytris leviter striatis, striis tenuiter et parce punctulatis

ad suturam vix punctulatis, latera versus distincte punc-

tulatis, interstitiis planis. Antennis ferrugineis.

é. Capite antice angulatim producto apice reflexo;

inter antennas carina rect& utr inque abbreviata, inter

oculos lamina transversa apice semicirculariter emarginata.

Thorace gibboso, disco excavato, excavationis marginibus

postice utrinque in tuberculum instructis.

Long. 43 lin.; lat. 22 lin.

$, var. minor. Capite antice rotundato, inter oculos

carina abbreviata, inter antennas carina transversa.

Thorace leviter convexo, antice vix bituberculato.

Long. 4 lin.

Head as long as broad, contracted in front, the apex

blunt and reflexed ; there is a transverse slightly-raised

ridge between the antennz, and a perpendicular lamina

between the eyes; this lamina is emarginate almost to

its base; the clypeus is somewhat sparingly and finely

punctured, the forehead rather more thickly and distinctly

punctured. The thorax is evenly, moderately thickly, but

not very strongly punctured. The elytra are as wide as

the thorax and the same length, narrowed towards the

apex, which is rounded; the scutellar region is somewhat

flattened ; the striz are very delicate and very finely and

sparingly crenate-striate; the interstices flat, that next

the suture almost impunctate, the next sparingly and very

delicately punctured, the rest becoming more distinctly

punctured as they approach the sides.

Hab.—iushiu and Nipon; in woods and shady places

under trees.

78 Nite of O. Waterhouse on the

Onthophagus viduus, Harold.

O. viduus, Harold, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, iv.

1874, p. 283.

Convexus, sat nitidus, brevissime pubescens, nigro-sneus,

antennis ferrugineis, elytris leviter crenato-striatis, inter-

stitiis leviter convexis, irregulariter sat crebre punctatis.

$. Clypeo ad apicem reflexo; fronte bicarinaté; thorace

gibboso, crebre sat fortiter punctato, disco antice fortiter

impresso, impressionis lateribus postice utrinque in tuber-

culum instructis.

Long. 4 lin.

$, var. minor. horace leviter convexo.

Long. 3 lin.

?. Capite transversim bicarinato; thorace leviter con-

vexo.

Long. 4 lin.

In the ¢ of this species the two carinz on the forehead

are situated one before and the other behind the eyes, the

posterior one being often very obscure. In the @ the

carine are both more distinct (abbreviated at each side),

and are placed one between the eyes and the second

(parallel to it) in front of it. In the male the clypeus is

slightly acuminate in front, the apex slightly reflexed.

The elytra present in some specimens a red spot at the

shoulder and another near the apex of the third and fifth

interstices.

Hab.—Kiushiu and Nipon. Generally distributed in

open places, heaths, &c.

Onthophagus nitidus, sp. nov.

Nigerrimus, nitidus ; thorace convexo, disco parce sub-

tilius, lateribus distincte punctato; elytris striatis, striis

remote indistincte punctatis ; interstitiis sat convexis; sat

parce fortiter punctatis.

Long. 33 lin. ; lat. 2 lin.

Head flat, semicircularly rounded in front; the lateral

angle of the head slightly obtuse ; the anterior margin

pitchy, very slightly reflexed ; forehead not very thickly

punctured, with a short, transverse, indistinct carina

behind; the clypeus thickly and finely granulose-punctate.

Thorax with a faint longitudinal impression behind, very

convex and very shining, one-third broader than long,

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 79

semicircularly emarginate in front to receive the head, the

anterior angles obtuse, the sides rounded, the posterior

margin obliquely bitruncate. The punctuation is sparse on

the disk, and very lightly impressed ; towards the sides and

anterior angles it is thick and strong. The elytra rather

shorter than broad, the sides gently rounded to the apex ;

the striz are not very deeply impressed, indistinctly and

remotely punctured ; the interstices gently convex, some-

what sparingly but strongly punctured, the punctures

forming irregular lines bordering the striz. Pygidium

moderately convex, coarsely and rather thickly punctured.

Legs pitchy-black; the anterior tibiz quadridentate on

the outer edge; the antenne pale ferruginous. The

punctures both on the upper and under surfaces of the

insect bearing short ferruginous hairs, especially on the

under side.

Hab.—Hiogo and Nagasaki. In carrion and in bottles

set with meat.

Onthophagus ocellato-punctatus, sp. nov.

Niger, subopacus, brevis. Capite parce fortiter punc-

tato deplanato, ante oculos leviter rotundato-explanato,

margine antico triangulariter emarginato, vertice tuberculo

parvo armato. Thorace longitudine 3 latiore, sat convexo,

lateribus rotundatis, antice semicirculariter emarginato

(angulis anticis prominulis, acutis, divaricatis), postice

rotundato vix bisinuato; supra crebre fortiter occellato-

punctato. LElytris thorace vix longioribus et non latioribus,

lateribus leviter rotundatis, apicibus conjunctis rotundatis ;

striatis, striis fortiter crebre punctatis, interstitiis planis,

parce subseriatim punctulatis, punctis brevissime setiferis,

Long. 4 mill.; lat. 23 mull.

Hab.—Hiogo. Sea beach.

yt Oniticellus phaneoides, Westw.

Onthophagus phaneoides, Westw., Royle Himal. 1839.

Ent. p:.55, t.. 95 i. 3,43

Onthophagus excavatus, Redt., Hiigel. Kaschm. iv. 2,

1848, p. 523, ¢.

Phaneus minutus, Motsch., Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 13.

Niger, obscurus, clypeo cornu reflexo abrupte truncato,

thorace phanziformi, postice lateribus in spinam obtusam

productis, femoribus luteis. Antennz pice capitulo

80 wt. O. Waterhouse on the

fuscanti; clypeus hexagonus cornu reverso abrupte trun-

cato ; thorax fere quadratus, punctatissimus, punctulis

arosis tuberculo antice, fossuléque postice in medio mar-

ginis impressa, angulis posticis in spinas productis.

Scutellum parvum, ~nitidum. Elytra striata. Corpus

subtus atrum, nitidum, punctatum. Pedes femoribus luteis,

tibiis tarsisque nigro-piceis.

Long. 43 lin. ; lat. 24.

APHODIIDZE.

Aphodius apicalis, Harold.

Nitidus, niger, elytris nigro-piceis, apice flavescentibus ;

capite antice subr ugose punctato, postice levigato, clypeo

antice late truncato, auriculis prominulis ; thorace parce

lateribus punctato, angulis anterioribus obtusis, basi

immarginato; scutello medio elevato, lateribus impresso ;

elytris “leviter crenato- striatis, interstitiis planis, subtilis-

sime punctatis, nitidis ; palpis, antennis pedibusque nigro-

piceis.

Long. 5—5} lin.

Hab.—Nagasaki; Hakodadi; and China.

Aphodius major, sp. nov.

Aph. sorici affinis, differt scutello angustiori fere levi;

elytrorum interstitiis leviter convexis.

Niger, nitidus, convexus. Capite subtiliter punctulato

punctis majoribus interspersis; fronte trituberculata; clypeo

carina transversa; genis obtusiusculis. Thorace parce

fortiter punctato, antice in medio leviter impresso leevi,

basi marginato, lateribus leviter rotundatis, angulis posticis

sinuatis. Scutello elytrorum longitudine 4 quali, sat

angusto ad apicem acuminato, concavo, fere levi. Elytris

thorace 4 longioribus, fortiter crenato-striatis, interstitiis

convexiusculis.

Long. 4 lin. ; lat. 24 lin.

Var. Singulo elytro apice gutta flava.

Hab.— Hiogo.

Aphodius globulus, Harold, var.

Piceo-niger, opacus, convexus, brevis; clypeo leviter

emarginato, valde auriculato. ‘Thorace convexo, dense

fortiter punctato. Scutello triangulari, apice acuto, basi

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 81

punctato. Elytris obscure piceis, fortiter crenato-striatis ;

interstitiis sat convexis, singulis utrinque subtilius uniseri-

atim punctulatis, humeris sat crebre punctatis. Pedibus

nigro-piceis; tarsis rufo-piceis.

Long. 23 lin. (elytr. 14); lat. 12 lin.

I at first considered this a distinct species from A.

globulus (and named it A. bisectus), but I now prefer

to regard it as a local variety. It differs from the typical

form of A. globulus in being larger, darker in colour, and

almost opaque.

Hab.— Nagasaki.

Aphodius elegans, Allibert.

Elongatus, convexus, nitidus, niger; elytris testaceis,

fascia laté media nigra, ad suturam interdum interrupta.

Long. 6—7 lin.

Hab.—China; Japan.

Aphodius lividipennis, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexus, subopacus, ater, elytris testaceis

nitidis. Capite parce obsolete punctato, antice vix emar-

ginato, genis prominulis margine antico rufescenti, fronte

obsolete unonodoso. Thorace parce fortiter punctato,

antice leviter bisinuato, lateribus vix rotundatis, sub-

parallelis margine postico immarginato. Scutello subcor-

dato, nitido, basi vix punctulato. lytris punctato-

striatis, strid octo antice abbreviata, interstitiis convexius-

culis, obsolete subtilissime parce punctulatis; sutura infus-

caté. Pedibus piceis; tarsis rufo-piceis.

Long. 3 lin. (elytr. 13); lat. 14 hn.

Resembles A. scybalarius, but is less convex; the

thorax, however, has the posterior angles obliquely trun-

cated, and the base is not margined. The scutellum is

comparatively small and less acuminate. The striz of the

elytra are distinctly and strongly punctured; the suture

is slightly fuscous. The basal joint of the posterior tarsi

is rather long, being one-third longer than the spur on

the tibia.

Hab.—Kagosima. Only two specimens.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) G

82 Nil C. O. Waterhouse on the

Aphodius diversus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexus, nitidus, niger (variat, elytris pallide

castaneis, singulis plaga triangulari nigra notatis). Capite

subtilius, marginibus profundius crebre punctatis; fronte

obsolete trituberculata ; clypeo vix emarginato, genis vix

prominulis, obtusis. horace fere ut in A. scybalario,

parce fortiter punctato. Scutello triangulari levi. Elytris

fere ut in A. scybalario, dorso depressiusculo, lateribus

fere parallelis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis

planiusculis, levibus. Pedibus piceis.

Long. 24—3 lin. ; lat. 14}—14 ln.

Allied to A. seybalarius, but smaller, less convex, and

more parallel-sided. Thorax one-fifth broader than long,

gently convex, with a few large punctures on the disk,

sparingly punctured towards the sides; anterior angles

obtuse; the sides scarcely rounded, except in front; pos-

terior angles very gently emarginate; the base margined.

Hab.—China and Japan. ‘ Very common both in

dung and garden refuse.”

Aphodius (Calamosternus) rectus, Motsch.

“Statura et color Cal. granarii, sed paulo major.

Elongato-subovatus, conyvexus, nitidus, niger; capite

rugoso-punctato; thorace transverso-quadrato, sparsim

grosso-punctato, angulis posticis subacutis; elytris punc-

tato-striatis, apice palpis, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus.”

Long. 23 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Hab.—Japan.

This species is unknown to me. I should have taken it

to be the black form of A. diversus if it had not been

for the words “ angulis posticis subacutis,” which will not

apply to my insect.

Aphodius ( Calamosternus ) breviusculus, Motsch.

** Statura et color Cal. carbonarii, sed paulo brevior.

Subelongatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; palpis, antennis

tarsisque piceis, capite subrugoso-punctato ; thorace trans-

verso, convexo, punctulato, angulis cbtusis; elytris thorace

vix latioribus, striatis, interstitiis planiusculis, subtilissime

punctulatis.”

Long. 2 lin.; lat. 1 lin.

Hab.—Japan.

This species is unknown to me.

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 83

V ver Aphodius castanetpennis, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexiusculus, subnitidus, niger; elytris,

pedibus, tarsisque obscure castaneis. Capite parce punc-

tulato, clypeo sat dense fortiter punctato, antice leviter

emarginato, lateribus obliquis, genis prominulis. Thoracis

angulis anticis parum prominulis, lateribus leviter rotun-

datis, basi marginato, supra parce irregulariter fortiter

punctato. Scutello triangulari, levi. Elytris sat fortiter

punctato-striatis, interstitiis sub-planis, impunctatis, sub-

nitidis.

?. Fronte obsolete unonodosa.

Long. 2? lin.; lat. 14 lin.

I know of no species sufficiently near for me to compare

this species with.

Hab.—Nagasaki. One specimen. Coll. G. Lewis.

Aphodius nigerrimus, sp. nov.

A. constanti affinis at brevior, thorace minus crebre

punctulato, elytrorum interstitiis dorsalibus convexis, levi-

bus. Breviter oblongus, convexus, nitidus, niger. Caput

subtilissime punctulatum, antice rugulosum, fronte tritu-

berculaté rugfque antica arcuata, clypeo truncato

medioque leviter emarginato, genis rotundatis. Thorax

convexus; ¢ dorso discrete subtiliter, lateribus crebre

punctulatis; 2 dorso sat crebre, lateribus crebrius punc-

tatis. Scutellum basi punctulatum. LElytra convexa,

parallela, crenato-striata, interstitiis dorsalibus convexis,

lzevibus, lateralibus subplanis, parce punctulatis.

Long. 2—23 lin.; lat. 1—1} lin.

This species very closely resembles A. constans, but is

relatively shorter and less shining; the ocular canthus is

more rounded, the punctuation of the thorax is less close,

and, lastly, the elytra have the dorsal interstices distinctly

convex.

Hab.—Nagasaki. “ Garden refuse.” Not uncommon.

Aphodius 4-punctatus, Udd.

A. sordido affinis, differt elytris interstitiis convexiori-

bus, &c. Oblongus, convexus, luteus, nitidus; capite

thoracisque disco nigro-piceis. Capite antice parce sub-

tilissime punctulato, clypeo rufo-testaceo. Elytris testa-

ceis, guttis duabus (una basali, altera apicali) fuscis,

crenato-striatis, striis fortiter impressis ; interstitiis convexis,

84 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

singulis utrinque seriatim subtilissime punctulatis. Pedi-

bus piceis.

$. Clypeo discrete subtiliter punctulato ; tuberculo fron-

tali intermedio fortiore. Thorace elytris paulo latioribus,

latera versus punctis adspersis.

?. Clypeo parce obsolete punctulato; tuberculis fronta-

libus sequalibus. horace elytris paulo angustioribus, sat

parce punctato.

Long. 3—33 lin. ; lat. 1{—1} lin.

This species closely resembles A. sordidus, but differs

in having the interstices of the elytra distinctly more

convex.

Hab.— Nagasaki, &e. Common.

Aphodius uniplagiatus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, convexus, niger, nitidus, elytris piceo-rufis

plaga triangulari nigra (basi ejus in scutello, vertice in sutura

ad apicem) notatis. Capite subtiliter punctulato, antice

leviter emarginato, lateribus obliquis, genis prominulis.

Thorace antice fere truncato, lateribus rufescentibus mar-

gineque postico leviter rotundatis; basi marginato. Scu-

tello triangulato, vix punctulato. Llytris sat fortiter

crenato-striatis, insterstitlis convexiusculis, levibus. Pedi-

bus nigro-piceis, tarsis rufescentibus.

é. Fronte obsolete trituberculaté; thorace sat parce

distincte punctato.

@. Fronte obsolete unonodos’i; thorace densius punc-

tato.

Long. 2—2} lin. ; lat. 1 lin.

This species resembles Aph. ferrugineus, Muls., in

general form, but is smaller; the thorax has the base dis-

tinctly but finely margined, and it is more strongly punc-

tured. The elytra are red, with the exception of a large,

black, triangular patch, the vertex of which nearly reaches

to the apex of the elytra; the striz are somewhat deep,

asin Aph. quadrimaculatus.

Hab.—Simabara. are.

Aphodius uniformis, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexus, nitidus, rufo-castaneus. Capite

crebre subtiliter punctulato, antice truncato leviter emar-

ginato, lateribus obliquis, genis prominulis obtusiusculis ;

fronte obsolete trituberculata. Thorace transverso, antice

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 85

truncato, sat crebre subtilissime punctulato punctis majori-

bus interspersis, basi obsolete marginato; angulis anticis

obtusis, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis rotundatis.

Scutello triangulari, vix punctulato. Elytris thoracis lati-

tudine, parallelis, haud profunde crenato-striatis, inter-

stitiis subplanis, levibus.

Long. 5 mill.; lat. 2 mill.

Very close to Aph. ferrugineus, Muls., but rather nar-

rower. Cheeks a little more decidedly prominent. Base

of the thorax distinctly margined. Striz of the elytra

more impressed and the interstices less flat. Basal joint

of the posterior tarsi one-third longer than the calcar of the

tibia, equal to the two following joints taken together.

Hab.—Hakodadi. Coll. Brit. Mus.

Aphodius impunctatus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, convexiusculus, parallelus, nitidus, fere im-

punctatus, piceo-castaneus.

Long. 4 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Head broad, rounded in front, with the anterior margin

slightly reflexed; the clypeus sparingly and finely punc-

tured, with the centre slightly raised, the cheeks rounded

and very slightly prominent. Thorax scarcely longer than

the width of the head, one-fourth broader than long, a

little narrowed in front, convex, with a few punctures on

the sides, the front margin nearly straight ; the anterior

angles slightly prominent, the sides slightly rounded ; the

posterior margin gently bisinuate, the posterior angles

rounded, the base margined. Scutellum triangular, with

the sides straight and the apex acute, impunctate. Llytra

the same width as the thorax, with the sides very nearly

parallel, conjointly rounded at the apex, each with nine

well-defined (but lightly impressed) strize, which are obso-

letely but moderately thickly punctured, and the eighth of

which is abbreviated at the shoulders; the interstices flat

and impunctate. Basal joint of the posterior tarsi as long

as the spur on the tibia.

Hab.—Japan. “ Taken in the sandy district of Sima-

bara in autumn.”

Aphodius pallidicinctus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, convexiusculus, nitidus, nigro-piceus ; elytris

piceis, marginibus thoracisque lateribus testaceis. Capite

86 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, clypeo piceo distinctius

punctulato, antice leviter emarginato, genis vix prominulis

rotundatis. Thoracis angulis anticis obtusis, lateribus

leviter rotundatis, basi immarginato, supra subtilissime

punctulato, lateribus punctis majoribus aspersis. Scutello

cordato, basi punctulato. Elytris sat fortiter crenato-

striatis, interstitiis convexis subtilissime sat parce punc-

tulatis. Pedibus piceis.

Long. 24 lin. ; lat. 1 lin.

g. Capite trituberculato, elytris thorace parum angus-

tioribus subparallelis.

@. Capite obsolete trinodoso, thorace antrorsum parum

rotundato-angustato, elytris thoracis latitudinem equan-

tibus, basi parum angustioribus.

This species appears to be most allied to A. lividus.

It differs besides in the colour, in having the outline of the

head more rounded, the cheeks more obtuse. The elytra

are relatively longer, less convex, more parallel; the striz

are moderately deep and somewhat strongly crenate-punc-

tate, the interstices are gently convex.

Hab.— Nagasaki and China.

Aphodius ( Chilothorax) vitta, Motsch.

“ Statura Chil. centrolineati |inquinatus], sed multo

major. Elongato-subovatus, convexus, nitidus, niger,

elytris nigro-piceis, dorso versus scutellum rufescente,

palpis tarsisque piceis, capite rugoso-punctato, trituber-

culato, medio transversim carinato, thorace transverso

quadrato, sparsim grosso-punctato; elytris thorace vix

latioribus, tenue punctato-striatis, interstitiis planiusculis.”

Long. 4 lin.; lat. 1} lin.

I am unacquainted with this species.

Aphodius obsoleteguttatus, sp. nov.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, subnitidus; elytris

testaceis obsolete octo-guttatis et fusco-marginatis. Capite

clypeoque crebre sat fortiter punctatis, hoc antice leviter

emarginato, lateribus obliquis, genis prominentibus obtusis.

Thorace longitudine 1 latiori, leviter convexo, antice paulo

angustato, basi tenuiter marginato, sat crebre irregulariter

punctato; lateribus dense ruguloso-punctatis, obscure piceis:

angulis anticis obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, angulis

posticis obtusis. Scutello medio punctulato. Elytris con-

vexis, testaceis, thoracis latitudine postice ampliatis, apice

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 87

rotundatis, crenato-striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis,

parce subtilissime punctulatis; lateribus crebrius punc-

tatis, fuscis; apice piceo. Pedibus piceis; tibiis anticis

extus tridentatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo primo tri-

bus sequentibus zequali, tibiz calcari fere dimidio longiori.

Long. 5 mill.; lat. 24 mill.

Closely allied to A. pictus, Sturm, but at once distin-

guished by the somewhat close punctuation of the sides of

the elytra, and on the thorax. The markings on'the elytra

are nearly similarly placed, the dorsal spots being obscure,

well separated from each other. The striz are broader

and more impressed and the interstices are more convex,

&e.

Hab.— Nagasaki.

Aphodius pallidiligonis, sp. nov.

Elongatus, nitidus, niger; elytris testaceis, macula

triangulari ad basin, margineque laterali nigris. Capite

crebre ruguloso-punctato ; lateribus obliquis, piceis ; genis

prominentibus, obtusis. Thorace longitudine } latiori,

convexo, basi tenuiter marginato, dorso sat crebre evidenter

punctato, lateribus dense punctulatis; angulis anticis ro-

tundatis, lateribus parallelis, angulis posticis obtusis.

Scutello levi. Elytris basi thoracis latitudine, postice

paululo ampliatis, apice rotundatis, distincte punctato-

striatis, interstitiis levissime convexis, parce subtilissime

punctulatis. Pedibus piceis; tarsorum posticorum arti-

culo primo tribus sequentibus zquali, tibiarum calcare

} longiori.

Long. 32 mill.; lat. 12 mill.

Allied to A. inquinatus, but longer and narrower, &c.

The specimen described has no trace of tubercles on the

clypeus. The elytra are testaceous, with a triangular

spot at the base on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th interstices, and

the 6th to 9th interstices nearly to the apex pitchy-black ;

the apex is pitchy.

Hab.—Simabara.

Aphodius punctatus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexus, niger, punctatus; elytris testaceo-

variegatis. Capite crebre ruguloso-punctato, margine

antico leviter emarginato, genis prominulis; fronte obso-

lete trinodosé. Thorace antice angustiori dorso discrete

punctato, lateribus dense subtiliter granuloso-punctatis ;

88 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus sub-rectis, margine

postico rotundato, leviter bisinuato, basi marginato, Seu-

tello brevi, apice rotundato, basi punctato. Elytris ad

basin thoracis latitudine, postice ampliatis, leviter crenato-

striatis, striis sub humeris inter puncta vix perspicuis ;

interstitiis 1—4 convexiusculis sat crebre fortiter punctatis,

5—7 fere planis crebre confuse punctulatis, interstitio octo

convexo, punctato ; apice marginibusque piceo-rufis; re-

gione dorsali nigra, testaceo-maculataé. Antennarum claya

nigra. Pedibus piceis.

‘Long. 24 lin.

The disk of the elytra is black; each elytron with ten

yellowish spots within the black, the 1st and 2nd are on

the extreme base of the Ist and 2nd interstices, the 3rd

spot elongate on the 3rd interstice at a little distance from

the base; the 4th on the 4th interstice and placed at the

centre of the 3rd spot; the 5th is on the 3rd interstice,

with its basal end a little above the lower end of the 3rd

spot; the 6th spot is on the Ist interstice, a little above

the 5th spot and leaving a very small black spot between

this 6th and the Ist spot; the 7th spot is on the Ist inter-

stice a little below the 6th; the 8th is a little below the

5th: the 9th (on the 3rd interstice) brackets together the

8th and 5th spots; the 10th is small and placed on the

4th interstice at the lower outer end of the 9th spot.

This species is closely allied to A. tessulatus, Payk.,

but is at once distinguished by its very strong punctuation.

Hab.— Nagasaki. Scarce.

Aphodius obsoletus, sp. nov.

A, immundo affinis, at opacus, latior, capite genis paulo

prominulis.

Parum conyexus, oblongo-ovalis, opacus, luteus, vertice,

prothoracis disco elytrorumque sutura infuscatis. Caput

planiusculum, subtiliter crebre punctulatum, fronte mutica,

clypeo antice vix emarginato, genis vix prominulis,

Thorax subtilissime sat dense punctulatis, punctis majoribus

intermixtis. Elytra subtiliter crenato-striata, interstitiis

planis, coriaceis, impunctis.

Long. 3 lin.; lat. 1} lin.

Very close to A. ¢mmundus, Creutz., but more opaque.

Head of the same form, but with the cheeks very slightly

prominent, obtuse. Thorax as in A. tmmundus. LElytra

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 89

more opaque, similarly striated, interstices coriaceous but

_ with no visible punctuation.

Hab.—Shanghai; Japan, Nagasaki.

Aphodius ovalis, sp. nov.

This species is closely allied to A. tristis. It is how-

ever much shorter and more convex. The colouration is

the same. The head is as in A. ¢tristis, but more distinctly

punctured. The thorax is a little less broad, narrowed in

front, the punctuation less unequal. Scutellum triangular,

scarcely punctulate at the base. Elytra relatively shorter

and more convex, striated as in A. fristis, with the inter-

stices shining, very nearly flat, sparingly and extremely

delicately punctured. The anterior tibie are narrower,

pitchy-black: the posterior tibize have the tufts of bristles

on the outer edge placed in the ordinary way, and not

near the base as in A. tristis.

Hab.—Japan. Only one specimen.

Aphodius rufangulus, sp. nov.

A, pusillo, Herbst. affinis, at minus convexus. Capite,

ut in A. pusillo, nigro, crebre distincte punctulato, genis

paulo prominulis. Thorace nigro, leviter convexo, nitido,

angulis anticis obtusis, rubris, posticis obtusis. Scutello

subopaco, basi punctulato. Elytris thorace vix latioribus,

fortiter crenato-striatis, piceis, humeris apiceque rufes-

centibus. Pedibus piceis.

é. Thorace transversim quadrato, sat crebre subtilissime

punctulato punctis majoribus interspersis, angulis anticis

obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, basi marginato.

Elytrorum interstitiis planiusculis, subopacis, parce sub-

tilissime punctulatis.

?. Thorace antice paulo angustato, fortius punctato.

Elytrorum interstitiis convexis, nitidis, fere leevibus.

Long. 3—4 mill.; lat. 13—2 mill. .

This species closely resembles A. pusillus (especially

the 2). It is, however, less convex; the cheeks are a

little more prominent; the punctuation on the thorax is

rather closer, and the elytra in the g are somewhat dull.

Hab.— Nagasaki, Hiogo, Awomori. Common.

90 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

Aphodius urostigma, Harold.

A, pallidicorni, Walker, affinis, at longior, elytrorum

interstitiis apicem versus serie punctorum minutorum no-

tatis.

Convexus, elongatus, nitidus, niger; capite punctu-

lato, mutico, clypeo rotundato, integro, genis vix promi-

nulis; thorace latera versus margineque antico discrete

punctato, disco levi, basi immarginato; scutello brevi,

acuminato, levi; elytris sat fortiter striatis, striis obsolete

punctulatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, levibus, Apicem

versus serie punctorum minutorum notatis. Clypei mar-

gine pedibusque piceis.

Long. 23 lin.; lat. 1 lin.

This species is peculiar, on account of the elytra being

somewhat attenuated posteriorly, and for the long hairs

which margin the thorax and elytra. A. pallidicornis

of Walker is shorter than the one here described, and

appears to be constantly piceous; the interstices of the

elytra have each a series of somewhat large punctures

from the base to the apex. A. urostigma has the sides

of the thorax gently rounded in front, sub-parallel behind ;

and the interstices of the elytra have no trace of punc-

tures, except near the apex, where there is a series of

very small punctures on the inner side.

Hab.—Japan ; Hong Kong; Ceylon. Common.

Aphodius variabilis, sp. nov.

A. contaminato, Herbst. affinis ; differt thorace lateribus

minus rotundatis, supra subtiliter discrete punctulato (¢),

vel sat crebre distincte punctato (2). Scutello piceo.

Klytris postice vix ampliatis, regulariter crenato-striatis,

interstitiis lzevibus.

Long. 3 lin. ; lat. 1} lin.

Head as in A. contaminatus ; very finely, and not very

thickly, punctured in the ¢; thickly, and somewhat

strongly, punctured in the female. Thorax one-fifth

broader than long, gently convex, shining; ¢, anterior

angles obtuse, and not prominent ; the sides gently rounded

in front, nearly parallel behind; ¢, thorax narrower,

gradually narrowed towards the front. Elytra scarcely as

broad as the thorax in the g; as wide as the thorax in the

$3; very slightly enlarged posteriorly; narrowed towards

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 91

the apex; testaceous, with the margins pitchy, evenly

and cleanly crenate-striate; the striz rather deep ; the

interstices moderately convex, smooth, with a series of

extremely fine punctures not very close together on each

side of every interstice. ‘There is a pitchy-black oblong’

spot on the base of the fourth interstice ; also a black

patch occupying the disk of each elytron, and extending

in a point to the shoulder; this patch is very frequently

broken up into spots, forming two oblique bands. Legs

pitchy-testaceous.

Hab.—Japan, Nipon and Kiushiu. Common.

Aphodius (Melinopterus) nigrotessellatus, Motsch.

« Statura et color Mel. contaminati, sed minor et thorace

angustiore. Hlongato-subovatus, convexus, nitidus, niger,

elytris testaceis, tessellatim nigro-maculatis, marginis

rufescentibus ; capite dense punctulato, tuberculis tribus

minutis carinz-formibus; thorace transversim quad-

rato, punctatissimo, lateribus rufescentibus ; elytris pro-

funde punctato-striatis, interstitiis subconvexis; scutello

nigro.”

Long. 2 lin. ; lat. 1 lin.

Hab.—Japan.

I have not seen this species.

Aphodius atratus, sp. nov.

A, lurido affinis, at minor, minus depressus, elytrorum

interstitiis crebrius punctato, &c.

Subdepressus, oblongo-ovalis, parum nitidus, niger.

Caput crebre distincte punctulatum, muticum, clypeo

semicirculari. ‘Thorax sat dense punctulatus. Llytra

crenato-striata. Pedes piceo-nigri; tarsis piceis.

8. Capite lato, genis prominentibus rectangularibus.

Thorace transverso, antice vix angustiori, angulis anticis

rotundatis, lateribus leviter rotundatis. Elytris leviter

crenato-striatis ; interstitiis subplanis discrete distincte

punctatis, singulis intus longitudinaliter lvissime im-

pressis.

¢. Capite crebrius fortius punctato. Thorace antice

angustato, crebre ineequaliter punctato. lytris con-

vexioribus, lateribus rotundatis, leviter crenato-striatis ;

interstitiis convexis sat crebre irregulariter punctato, sin-

-92 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

culis intus longitudinaliter impressis, inde fit ut interstitia

subcariniformia appareant.

Long. 2}—3 lin. ; lat. 14—1% lin.

Hab.—Nagasaki ; Hiogo.

Aphodius rugosostriatus, sp. nov.

Obongus, convexiusculus, nitidus, piceus. Caput sub-

tiliter discrete punctulatum ; clypeo subtilissime obsolete

punctulato, semicirculari, antice leviter emarginato, genis

prominulis sub-acutis ; fronte unonodosa. Thorax trans-

versus, subtilissime sat crebre punctulatus, postice et latera

versus punctis majoribus interspersis; angulis anticis

obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, angulis posticis obtu-

sis; basi immarginato, rotundato. Scutellum apice acu-

minatum, basi punctulatum. LElytra thoracis latitudinem

eequantia, at fere duplo longiora, postice paulo ampliata,

fortiter crenato-striata, striis fortiter impressis latis, inter-

stitiis angustis convexis, subcariniformibus, parce sub-

tilissime punctulatis. Antennis luteis.

Long. 24 lin.; lat. 1} lin.

This species appears allied to A. depressus, but is very

unlike any species belonging to this group with which I

am acquainted. The head is nearly of the same form, but

is less rounded in front, with the sides oblique, and with

the suture separating the clypeus slightly indicated. The

thorax is less broad in proportion; the anterior angles

less rounded; the posterior angles more obtuse ; the

lateral margination less strong. The scutellum is smaller

in proportion. The elytra are > less emarginate at the base ;

the striz are very deep, sulciform, strongly crenate.

In some respects, especially in the sulcation of the

elytra, this species resembles Oxyomus villosus.

Hab.—Kobé Watercourse. One specimen. 1871.

Aphodius Lewisii, sp. nov.

Elongato-oblongus, _subopacus, _ brunneo-testaceus.

Capite piceo, subtiliter discrete punctulato; oculis magnis;

clypeo rufo-testaceo, sat crebre subtiliter punctulato, in

medio vix unituberculato, antice leviter sinuato; genis

paululo prominulis, obtusis. Thorace longitudine 4

latiori, leviter convexo, crebre punctulatis (punctis per-

parvis majoribusque intermixtis); angulis anticis posti-

cisque rotundatis; lateribus fere rectis, subparallelis ;

CS a ee

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 93

margine postico leviter bisinuato haud marginato. Scu-

tello elongato, levi. Elytris thoracis latitudini equalibus,

at duplo longioribus, apicem versus arcuatim attenuatis,

singulis novem-costatis (costis sexto octoque abbreviatis),

sulcis inter costas singulis bi-carinulatis et inter carinulis

subtiliter crenato-striatis. Tibiis anticis extus tridentatis.

Tarsorum posticorum articulo primo elongato, calcare

+ longiori, articulo quatuor sequente sequante.

Long. 34 mill.; lat. 13 mill.

I have no named species with which to compare this

species.

Hab.—Osaka. “ Taken in September in some numbers

from rotten tomatoes.”

Ammecius nitidulus, sp. nov.

Statura Amm. gibbi, at niger, nitidus, elytrorum humeris

rotundatis.

Niger, nitidus, convexus. Capite parce subtiliter punc-

Ae ates ne obsolete trituberculata ; clypeo obsolete

punctulato, antice ruga transversa instructo, apice emargi-

nato, angulis obtusis ; ; genis prominulis rotundatis.

Thorace transverso, antice angustato, convexo, basi mar-

ginato, crebre punctato (punctis minutis majoribusque

intermixtis), angulis posticis obtusis. Scutello basi vix

punctulato. LElytris basi thorace vix latioribus, postice

ampliatis, convexis, nitidis, leviter crenato-striatis, inter-

stittis fere planis, parce subseriatim subtilissime punctu-

latis, lateribus minus nitidis subtilissime aciculatis,

humeris obtusis. Pedibus nigro-piceis; tarsis piceis.

Lone. 2 lin.

This species resembles Amm. gibbus in general form,

The head is similar, except that the angles made by the

anterior emargination are rounded; the cheeks are a little

more prominent. ‘The thorax is similar, except that the

posterior angles are more obtuse. The elytra are relatively

longer, and have the shoulders obtuse.

Hab. —Nagasaki. One specimen. Coll. Lewis.

Saprosites japonicus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, parallelus, niger, nitidus. Capite convexo,

subtiliter crebre punctulato, antice leviter emarginato,

genis prominulis subacutis, margine piceo. Thorace

capite paulo latiori, sat transverso, “postice paululo angus-

94 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

tato, ad basin marginato, discrete fortiter punctato latera

versus crebrius punctato, angulis anticis piceis obtusius-

culis, lateribus vix rotundatis, angulis posticis rotundatis.

Elytris thoracis latitudine, parallelis, fortiter striatis, striis

fortiter punctatis, interstitiis convexis, levibus; humeris

dente perparvo instructis. Corpore subtus nigro-piceo,

nitido; mesosterni carina distincté; metasterno levi,

longitudinaliter suleato et in medio impresso; abdomine

ee 1, Segmentis singulis basi fortiter sulcatis et punctatis.

Pedibus piceis, tibiis anticis tridentatis; tarsorum posti-

corum articulo primo tibiz calcare haud longiori.

Long. 4 mill. ; lat. 14 mill.

To the above description I need only add that the

punctures in the strie of the elytra are separated from

each other by intervals scarcely less than their diameter.

Hab.—Nagasaki. ‘ Old trees; apparently attracted

by sap. Rather scarce.”

Rhyssemus asperulus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexus, griseo-ater. Capite crebre aspe-

rato-punctato. horace longitudine } latiori, transversim

crebre ruguloso-punctato, carinis transversis quatuor. Ely-

tris convexis, thorace haud latioribus, postice paululo

ampliatis, fortiter crenato-striatis, interstitiis angustis,

moniliformibus. Pedibus nigro-piceis ; tarsis piceis.

Long. 33 mill. ; lat. 14 mill.

Very close to R. germanus, but relatively shorter and

broader. The thorax is less transverse, the transverse

caring are more decidedly in pairs, and the anterior pair

are further from the anterior margin. The elytra are

shorter and the striz deeper.

Hab.— Nagasaki. ‘“ In garden refuse.”

Psammodius convexus, sp. nov.

Ovatus, convexus, nitidus, castaneus. Clypeo asperato;

collo fere impunctato, utrinque oblique bicarinato; genis

fere rectangularibus, obtusiusculis. Thorace nigro-cas-

taneo, longitudine fere duplo latiori, convexo, antice

angustato, transversim quinque-carinato, carinis nitidis

(duabus posterioribus in medio interruptis), ter carinas

obsolete punctato ; angulis anticis obtusis, posticis omnino

rotundatis; margine postico leviter bisinuato. Scutello

levi. Elytris basi thorace paululo angustioribus, postice

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 95

ampliatis, convexis, sat fortiter crenato-striatis, interstitiis

convexlusculis. Tibiis anticis obtuse tridentatis, posticis

intus lzvibus extus ruguloso-serratis, ad apicem dilatatis.

Tarsis brevibus, articulo primo dilatato, calcare dimidio

breviori.

Long. 3 mill. ; lat. (post.) 14 mill.

Very close to P. sulcicollis and of the same form, but

differs in having the elytra crenate-striate, not sulcate, and

the interstices are broad and nearly flat.

Hab.—Kobé; sand hills. “ ‘Two specimens in May,

TSi i.”

Agialia nitida, sp. nov.

Ovata, convexa, nitida, piceo-nigra. Capite convexo,

postice levi; clypeo asperato, antice leviter emarginato ;

genis nullis. Thorace convexo, nitido, longitudine duplo

longiori, dorsim parce subtiliter punctulato, antice angus-

tato, angulis anticis acutiusculis, lateribus rectis, angulis

posticis rotundatis. Elytris basi thorace paululo angus-

tioribus, postice ampliatis, convexis, sat fortiter striatis,

strus obsolete crenatis ; interstitiis juxta suturam convexis,

latera versus convexiusculis, levibus. Pedibus piceis.

Long. 4 lin. ; lat. (post.) 2 lin.

Near 4. arenaria, but rather narrower, the thorax is

distinctly although very finely punctured on the disk, and

there is a very slight impression in the middle of the

posterior margin; the elytra are relatively longer and

narrower, the striz are deeper (obscurely crenated) and

the interstices are more convex.

Hab.—N. Japan (Hakodadi). Coll. Lewis.

GEOTRUPID.

Ochodeus maculatus, sp. nov. (Pl. III. fig. 1.)

Ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, rugulosus, pubescens.

Thoracis lateribus femoribusque rufo-testaceis, elytris

brunneis nigro-maculatis. Caput nigrum, planum, pos-

tice angustatum, rotundatum, crebre granulosum, griseo-

hirtum; collo supra excavato, excavatione nitida fere levi;

oculis prominentibus; clypeo antice angustato, ? bituber-

culato, $ lateribus reflexis; antennis piceis, clava nigra

nitida punctata apice flava. Thorax fortiter transversus,

e -

96 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

convexus, niger, crebre granulosus, longe flavo-hirtus,

antice fortiter rotundato-emarginatus, postice bisinuatus ;

angulis anticis rectangularibus, lateribus angulisque pos-

ticis rotundatis. Scutellum elongatum, acuminatum, ni-

erum, punctatum. LElytra brevia, dorsim depressa, brun-

nea (macula humerali, fascia media apiceque nigris),

punctato-striata, interstitiis convexiusculis, subtilius crebre

granulosis. Corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, crebre puncta-

tum. Pedes nigri, femoribus intermediis posticisque testa-

ceis; tibiis anticis apice bidentatis; tarsis posticis longis,

articulo basali tibia } breviori.

Long. 5 lin.; lat. 2¢ lin.

This insect resembles an Athyreus in general appear-

ance, but the well-developed abdomen and the structure

of the antenne and the scutellum leave no room for

doubt that it should be placed in the genus Ochodeus ;

it is remarkable, however, for the great length of the basal

joint of the posterior tarsus, which equals the four follow-

ing joints taken together.

Hab.—< Simabara. One specimen from a dead dog,

May; a second from Tagami, in a bottle set with meat.”

Bolboceras nigroplagiatum.

B. farcto simillimum ; differt thorace latera versus crebre

fortiter punctato nitido.

Rufo-testaceum, nitidum, convexum. Capite, thoracis

basi in medio, scutello, elytrorumque lateribus nigris.

Thorace semicirculari, antice emarginato, postice bisinuato,

nitido, dorsim parce latera versus crebre fortiter punctato,

postice in medio nigro, linedique longitudinali punctata,

antice impresso, carina transversa arcuata nigra instructo.

Scutello nigro, fere levi. Elytris lateribus parum rotun-

datis, nigris, plagd magna triangulari rufa, fortiter punc-

tato-striatis, interstitus convexis.

Long. 53 lin.; lat. 33 lin.

This species is extremely close to B. furctum. It differs

in being slightly less convex and in having the elytra less

rounded at the sides. The sides of the thorax, especially

near the anterior angles, are in B. farctum opaque and

minutely granulate, whereas in the Japanese species this

part of the thorax is thickly and somewhat strongly

punctured and not opaque.

The head is rugulose, with a transverse carina behind ;

the clypeus is furnished in front with a minute (almost

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 97

obsolete) tubercle. The elytra have each seven impressed

strize and three rows of punctures at the sides.

Hab.—Japan; Nagasaki and Corea.

A Geotrupes (Phelotrupes) levistriatus, Motsch.

The colour of this insect is generally eeneous, but it is

sometimes purple-blue or blue. The depth of the striz

varies much, and the form in which they are very slightly

impressed and scarcely punctured, from which the species

derives its name, is less common than those in which the

strize are more deeply impressed.

The ¢ of this species is easily recognized by the single

strong tooth on the under side near the base of the anterior

tibia.

Hab.—Japan and Celebes.

Vv Geotrupes (Phelotrupes) auratus, Motsch.

Hab.—Japan and Tartary.

Geotrupes (Phelotrupes) purpurascens, sp. nov.

Latus, leviter convexus, nitidus, purpurascens, cupreo-

micans. Thorace longitudine duplo latiori, convexo, pone

medium ampliato, ad latera fortiter punctato, angulis

anticis obtusis, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis. Scutello levi. Elytris thorace vix duplo

longioribus, 13-striatis, striis septem dorsalibus sat fortiter

impressis, punctatis, interstitiis convexis; marginibus

reflexis. Corpore subtus pedibusque viridi-aureis.

6. Tibiis anticis extus 7-dentatis, subtus dentibus

quinque armatis. Femoribus posterioribus dente forte

armatis.

@. Tibiis anticis subtus obsolete tri-nodosis. Femoribus

simplicibus.

Long. 9—10 lin.; lat. 5—53 lin.

This species, which I separate very reluctantly from

G. auratus, Motsch., differs from that insect in being of a

dull purple colour, with the margins of the thorax and

elytra and the striz of the latter bright coppery. The

thorax is broader than the elytra, slightly angulated behind

the middle, whilst in G. auratus the thorax is only as

broad as the elytra, and evenly rounded at the sides, and

the colour is a uniform bright coppery.

Hab.—Japan (Hakodadi and Yokohama); Celebes,

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) H

98 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

Geotrupes splendidus is recorded by Motschulsky as

coming from Japan, but I have never seen it from that

locality.

TROGIDZ.

Trox setifer, sp. nov.

Nigro-griseus, opacus, elongatus, convexus, antice an-

gustatus. Clypeo transverso, rotundato, sat crebre rugu-

Joso-punctato 3 ; fronte fortius punctata, postice maculis

minutis quatuor piliferis ornataé; antennis ferrugineis.

Thorace sat transverso, crebre sat fortiter punctato, ‘Jongi-

tudinaliter canaliculato, utrinque obsolete bi-impresso,

punctis setiferis ; margine antico bisinuato, angulis anticis

acutis ; lateribus antice leviter rotundatis, dein subparal-

lelis, ante angulis posticis leviter sinuatis, his fere rectis ;

margine postico in medio leviter lobato, hoc marginibus-

que lateralibus setiferis. Elytris basi thorace paululo

latioribus, convexis, postice ampliatis, sat fortiter punc-

tato-striatis, interstitiis planis, 1, 3,5, 7 tuberculis minutis

setiferis, 4, 6, 8 tuberculis majoribus ornatis, interstitio

secundo tuberculis elongatis, basi confluentibus setiferis ;

marginibus obscure purpureis. Tibiis anticis apice dila-

tatis, extus quadridentatis, dentibus basalibus minutis.

Long. 53 lin.; lat. (postice) 3 lin.

The suture of the elytra is slightly raised and furnished

with a series of minute tufts of short fulvous bristles; the

punctures in the striz are very distinct, and are not placed

very close together.

Hab.—Simabara.

Two specimens found in a dead snake in May, 1870, by

Mr. Lewis.

Trox obscurus, sp. nov.

Cinereus, opacus. Capite thoraceque obscure albido-

tectis, illo binoduloso, hoc supra tuberculis quinque.

Elytris thoracis latitudine postice paulo ampliatis, obsolete

striato-punctatis, seriebus circiter octo tuberculorum par-

vorum flayo-tomentosorum, serieque tuberculorum oblong-

orum majorum prope suturam, hic et illic maculis parvis

nitidis nigris. Corpore subtus pedibusque griseo-albo

tectis, abdomine nigro.

Long. 6 lin.; lat. 34 lin.

Head flat, acuminate in front, clothed with dirty-white

tomentum; forehead with two approximate, transverse,

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 99

brown tubercles. Thorax convex, clothed with dirty-white

tomentum, thickly punctured, broadly lobed over the head,

anterior angles obtuse, the sides slightly rounded in front

and then gently emarginate before a lateral projection,

which has its apex rounded ; the posterior angles obsolete ;

the posterior margin gently flexuous, with a projecting lobe

over the scutellum. The thorax above is furnished with

a triangular raised portion (divided in the middle by a

furrow), the base of which forms the anterior margin of

the thorax, and the apex is directed backwards; on each

side it is emarginate in the middle. There is, moreover,

on each side, at the posterior angle, a kidney-shaped

tubercle, and two others placed on the hind margin, one

on each side, near the scutellum. The scutellum is trefoil-

shaped. The elytra are ashy-grey, about 2? times as long

as the thorax, rather broader posteriorly, with the sides

straight in the middle; they are obscurely punctured in

lines, with about eight rows of small, oblong, only slightly-

raised tubercles; the tubercles in the second row are dis-

tinctly larger and are black at the base. Here and there

on the elytra are shining black spots.

Hab.—Hong Kong ; Japan.

Trox opacotuberculatus, Motsch.

“Fioura Tr. scabri, L., sed elytris utrinque tuberculis

magnis, oblongis, opacis, qudruplici serie ; ater, opacus,

thorace transverso, antice et postice lato, trifoveolato ;

elytris thorace paulo latioribus, tuberculis oblongis, bre-

vissime fusco-puberulis, utrinque qudruplici serie ; postice

tuberculis quinque approximatis, transversim dispositis,

utrinque elevatis, interstitiis planiusculis, tuberculis minu-

tissimis laxe adspersis.”

Long. 23 lin.; lat. (elytr. post.) 13 lin.

Hab.—Japan ; Hakodadi; Nagasaki.

MELOLONTHID Z.

VY Ectinohoplia variolosa, sp. nov. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)

Capite nigro; clypeo piceo, angulis rotundatis, margine

vix reflexo. horace capite fere duplo latiori, transverso,

leviter convexo, antice leviter bisinuato, postice rotundato,

angulis anticis fere acutis, lateribus angulisque posticis

rotundatis. Scutello elongato triangulari, apice acuto.

Elytris thorace paulo latioribus et duplo longioribus,

planis, subquadrangularibus, humeris obtusis, lateribus

H 2

100 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

fere rectis, deflexis, singulis ad apicem rotundatis. An-

tennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis, perlongis, parce argenteo-

squamulatis.

Capite sat dense viridi-argenteo-squamulato ; thorace

dense viridi-squamulato, lineis longitudinalibus quatuor

nigris, duabus lateralibus obliquis. Scutello elytrisque

vir ridi-squamulatis, nigro-lineatis. Corpore subtus squamis

viridi-albis dense tecto, nigro punctato.

Var. Capite, thorace, elytrisque totis nigro-squamatis.

Long. 34 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Hab.—Nagasaki (abundant in May); frequents espe-

cially the dog-rose.

UV Hoplia communis, sp. nov.

a een: supra dense squamulis obscure aureo-

viridibus tecta, subtus squamis viridibus et cupreis crebre

aspersis. Capite, clypeo transverso, piceo, antice leviter

emarginato, angulis rotundatis, marginibus _ reflexis.

Thorace leviter convexo, antice et postice paulo angustato,

margine’postico arcuato utrinque leviter sinuato, angulis

posticis obtusis, fere rotundatis. Scutello parvo. Elytris

basi thoracis latitudinem squantibus, postice ampliatis,

singulis ad apicem rotundatis. Pedibus longis.

Long. 343—4 lin.; lat. 14—2 lin.

¢ . Corpore convexiori, pedibus brevioribus.

Var. Supra flavo-squamosa; pedibus antennisque piceis.

This species is allied to H. farinosa, Linn. The

thorax is relatively shorter, more narrowed posteriorly

where it is narrower than the base of the elytra; the

posterior margin is somewhat lobed in the middle.

Hab.— Nagasaki; Yokohama.

. Hoplia merens, sp. nov.

Fusco-nigra; scutello corporeque subtus dense squamis

ar eentiacis tectis. Capite, clypeo transverso, antice recte

iHeatD. angulis obtusis, marginibus reflexis, lateribus

parallelis. Thorace capite duplo latiori, longitudine 4

latiori, leviter convexo, crebre subtiliter asperato-punctu-

lato et brevissime griseo-pubescenti, antice leviter emargi-

nato, angulis anticis vix obtusis, lateribus antice leviter

rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusiusculis, margine postico

arcuato. Scutello parvo, squamis argenteis tecto. LElytris

thorace paulo latioribus, sat convexis, dorsim depressis,

crebre subtiliter asperato-punctulatis et brevissime griseo-

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. — 101

pilosis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, singulis ad apicem

rotundatis. Pedibus longis, parce setis argenteo-viridibus

ornatis ; unguibus piceis.

Long. 33 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Hab. —Hiogo, N agasaki, &e.

a Serica boops, sp. nov. (Pl. III. fig. 3.)

Oblongo-ovata, brunneo-testacea, subopaca. Capite

piceo-niero ; fronte discrete punctulata; clypeo ut in

Sericéd brunned at angulis minus rotundatis, et antennis

longioribus, oculis majoribus. Thorace transverso, leviter

convexo, longitudine 3 3 latiori, antice capite (oculis in-

clusis) vix angustiori, postice paulo latiorl, margine antico -

utrinque sinuato, angulis anticis acutis, lateribus vix

rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, disco fusco. Scutello

_elongato-triangulari, crebre PES R ie Elytris basi thoracis

latitudinem cequantibus at 33 longioribus, postice paulo

ampliatis, leviter convexis, obscure testaceis, distincte

striatis, striis crebre irregulariter punctatis, interstitiis

convexiusculis, irregulariter nigro-guttatis, parce punc-

tatis, punctis nonnullis brevissime setiferis.

Long. 33 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Allied to S. brunnea, but (besides the colouration) dis-

tinguished by the larger and more prominent eyes, by the

slightly more transverse thorax, which is more sinuated in

front, by the scutellum being very distinctly punctured and

having the apex less acute, and by the strize of the elytra

being “composed of a single irregular line of punctures.

Hab.—End of J une, on Maiyasan, Hiogo; flying at

dusk.

Serica brunnea, Linn.

Hab,—Various parts of Japan.

Serica grisea, Motsch.

Serica? grisea, Motsch. Bull. Mose. 1866, 1. p. 171.

Statura Ser. brunnee, sed brevior. Elongata, parallela,

subconvexa, nigra, dense griseo-pubescens, antennarum

basi, tibiis tarsisque brunneis ; fronte antice transversim

impressA, antennarum clava ‘longiusculA, 3-articulata ;

thorace transverso, punctulato ; “elytris thorace paulo

latioribus, quadrangulatis, striatis, interstitiis subconvexis,

punctatis; tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. 3 lin.; lat. 1} In.

Hab.—Japan.

102 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

Serica polita, Gebler.

S. polita, Gebler, Nouv. Mém. Mose. ii. p. 52.

This is an extremely variable insect. The ordinary co-

louration brownish-testaceous, with a slight eeneous reflec-

tion, but sometimes the head and thorax are bluish-seneous,

and rarely the whole insect is greyish-zeneous. It is this

last variety which I have determined to be VS. polita of

Gebler. In Mr. Lewis’ collection there is a specimen, in

bad condition, of an insect which agrees very well with

Motschulsky’s description of S. grisea, and it appears to

me to be very probable that this is only a variety of S.

polita. I see only colour-differences, but do not like to

unite the two upon such slight evidence.

Hab.—Japan; Dauria.

Serica japonica, Motsch.

S. japonica, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 15.

“‘Ovata, convexa, sparsim punctata, velutina, rufo-cas-

tanea, oculis nigris, nitidis; clypeo truncato, reflexo,

confertim fortiter punctato; thorace transverso, antice

arcuatim angustato, sparsim punctato, angulis anticis pro-

minulis, posticis rectis; elytris thorace paulo latioribus,

ovatis, striatis, interstitiis subconvexis, sparsim punctatis ;

corpore subtus punctato, opaco.

Long. 3 lin.; lat. elytr. 21 lin.”

In this (as was evidently Motschulsky’s frequent cus-

tom) the author took the measurements from an inch

divided into eighths instead of twelfths. The size should

be 44 lin., 34 lin.

Hab.—Japan, in all the islands; Hong Kong.

Serica orientalis, Motsch.

S. orientalis, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1857, p. 33.

Hab.—Japan; Mongolia. Common.

Apogonia splendida, Bohem.

Ap. splendida, Bohem. Res. Eugenies, p. 55.

Breviter ovata, convexa, nitida. Capite cupreo, parce,

lypeo profunde punctato. Thorace eupreo, parce punctu-

ek Wie et

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 103

lato. Scutello levi. Elytris cupreo-eneis, sat crebre

fortius punctatis.

Long. 9, lat. 5 mill.

Var. Elytris castaneis.

Hab.—Japan; Hong Hong, &c.

Apogonia major, sp. nov.

Oblonga, convexa, nitida, cuprascens. Capite lato,

modice convexo, cupreo-nigro, crebre fortiter punctato ;

clypeo fortius punctato antice emarginato, angulis late

rotundatis. Thorace longitudine fere duplo latiori, sat

crebre fortiter punctato, disco antice leviter bi-impresso,

angulis anticis supra impressis prominulis, lateribus leviter

rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis (fere rotundatis). Scu-

tello triangulari, levi. Elytris basi thorace vix latioribus,

at quadruplo longioribus, postice perpaulo ampliatis, ad

apicem obtusis, sat crebre fortiter punctatis, bicostatis ;

costis parum elevatis, parce punctulatis, costa interiori

latiori. Tarsis piceo-nigris. Antennis palpisque piceis.

Long. 5—6 lin.; lat. 3—3} lin.

Hab.— Nagasaki.

Holotrichia parallela, Motsch.

“ Nigro-picea, subopaca, grosso-parcius-punctata ; tho-

racis lateribus arcuatis, angulis posticis rectis, elytris

tricostis.

** Long. 8 lin.; lat. 4 lin.”

Hab.—Shanghai; Formosa; Japan.

Holotrichia picea, sp. nov.

Nigro-picea, subparallela, convexiuscula. Capite lato,

sat fortiter rugoso-punctato, clypeo leviter emarginato,

vertice postice fere carinato, post carinam subito levi.

Thorace longitudine duplo latiori, discrete latera versus

sat crebre punctato, antice angustato, postice vix angus-

tato, margine antico leviter emarginato, angulis anticis

obtusis, posticis rectis. Scutello discrete punctulato.

Elytris thoracis latitudine, postice paulo ampliatis, con-

vexiusculis, sat crebre fortiter punctatis; sutura lineisque

quatuor elevatis, quarum una suturali postice lata; capttis

thoracisque marginibus longe parce pilosis.

Long. 9 lin.; lat. 44 lin.

Var. Rufo-picea.

This and the preceding species are closely allied. The

104 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

insect which I suppose to be H/. parallela of Motsch.,

from the above diagnosis (given in the Etud. Ent. 1854,

p- 64), differs from H. picea in haying the head less

thickly and less rugosely punctured; the neck is finely

punctured and is not separated from the forehead by any

distinct line; the thorax is the same form, but is rather

less thickly and more strongly punctured; the margins are

very slightly crenulate and have only short hairs; lastly,

the raised stria next the suture, which in both becomes

very dilated posteriorly, never unites with the suture,

whereas in //, picea it approaches and nearly joins the

suture some distance before the apex. In both species

the tarsi are longer in the males.

Hab.— Nagasaki ; Hakodadi.

Holotrichia morosa, sp. nov.

fH. picee persimilis, at fere nigra, tota pruinosa, con-

vexior.

Long. 10 lin.

This insect only differs from H. picea in being more

convex, nearly black, and opaque through the pruinose

surface. The club of the antennz is very small, not

longer than the four preceding joints taken together,

whereas in /Z. picea the club is nearly as long as the six

preceding joints.

I at first believed this to be the 2 of HZ. picea, but from

dissection this is evidently not the case.

Hab.— Nagasaki; Chee-foo.

folotrichia castanea, sp. nov.

H, sinensi affinis. Oblonga, castanea, elytris nitidis.

Capite lato, confertim punctato, clypeo leviter emarginato,

fronte transversim carinaté. Thorace convexo, antice

paulo angustato, longitudine 3 latiori, margine antico vix

emarginato, angulis anticis obtusiusculis, lateribus arcu-

atis, angulis posticis obtusis, fere rotundatis, superne con-

fertim subtiliter punctato. Scutello confertim punctato.

Elytris thoracis latitudine postice paulo ampliatis, ad

apicem rotundatis, crebre fortiter punctatis, sutura late

paulo elevata.

Long. 93 lin.; lat. 5 lin.

Closely allied to H. sinensis, Hope, but that species

has the thorax and base of the elytra blackish. The sides

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 105

of the thorax are not angulated as they are in H. sinensis,

and the punctuation is somewhat finer; the front margin

is very much less emarginate, and consequently the angles

are not prominent. ‘The punctuation of the elytra is

equal all over, somewhat stronger than in H. sinensis.

Both species have a smooth line near the lateral margin,

but have no raised lines on the disk.

Hab.—Kawachi.

Holotrichia transversa, Motsch.

Hi, transversa, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 15.

“Tantum Hol. serricolli, Mots. E. EK. 1853, 46 ( Ancyl.),

sed fronte convexiore, nitidiore, leeviore, sparsim grosso-

punctato, carinula transversa, postice nulla, clypeo inter

antennas transversim impresso; thorace valde trans-

verso, sparsim grosso-punctato, lateribus arcuatis, medio

dilatatis, antice crenatis; elytris basi thorace paulo an-

gustioribus, postice dilatatis, sparsim punctatis, sutura

subelevata, utrinque nervis duobus obliquis vix distinctis,

abdomine subinflato pygidioque sparsim punctato, corpore

subtus vix piloso.”

“ Long. 44 lin. ; lat. elytr. post. 2 lin.”

Hab.—Japan.

POLLAPLONYX, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum. Labrum fortiter triangulariter

excisum. Palpi maxillari prelongi; articulo secundo

elongato; tertio brevi; apicali in ¢ securiformi, in 2 pre-

cedenti triplo longiori, subinflato, apice subtruncato. An-

tennz articulo primo elongato, secundo dimidio brevi,

3, 4 et 5 paulo longioribus sub-zequalibus, 4 et 5 fere

conjunctis, 6 et 7 transversis, clava triarticulata elongata

(é) vel ovali (?). Tuibiis anticis maris vix bidentatis,

foeminz apice bidentatis. Unguibus basi dentatis, apice

fissis.

This genus is allied to Atys.

Pollaplonyx flavidus, sp. nov. (Pl. III. fig. 6.)

$. Elongatus, depressus, flavus, nitidus. Fronte obsolete

tri-impressa discrete fortiter punctata, clypeo fere semi-

circulari, discrete fortiter punctato, antice acute inciso.

Thorace transverso, discrete fortiter punctato, longitudine

2 latiori, antice vix sinuato, angulis anticis obtusis, late-

106 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

ribus rotundatis (medio vix angulatis), angulis posticis

obtusis, margine postico fere truncato. Scutello leevi.

Elytris basi thorace paulo angustioribus et triplo longi-

oribus, postice ampliatis, leviter convexis, sat crebre fortiter

punctatis, singulis nervis quatuor, duobus exterioribus

angustis. Pedibus longis; tibiis anterioribus angustis,

extus bidentatis; unguibus basi dentatis, apice fissis.

Heptophylla picea, Motsch.

H. picea, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1857, p. 32.

Hab.— Nagasaki ; Yokohama.

Granida albolineata, Motsch. (PI. III. fig. 7.)

G. albolineata, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1861, p. 8.

Hab.—Nagasaki (rare); Nipon (not uncommon).

Hoplosternus japonicus, Harold.

HI, japonicus, Uarold, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, iv.

1874, p. 291.

« Klongatus, sat convexus, fusco-rufus, elytris dilutius

rufis, dense, elytris longius flavo-pilosis; capite thorace-

que densissime punctulatis, elytris praeterea punctis majo-

ribus parum profundis.

* Long. 26—29 mill.”

Allied to H. chinensis.

Hab.—Osaka (in the month of May).

Melolontha japonica, Burm.

M. japonica, Burm. Handb. iv. p. 420.

Hub.—Yokohama; Hiogo; Nagasaki (in May).

RUTELID A.

Phyllopertha horticola, Linn.

Hab.—Chowsan; Manchuria; Hakodadi.

Phyllopertha diversa, sp. nov. (Pl. IIL. fig. 5.)

$. Oblonga, depressa, nigra. Capite ruguloso-punc-

tato, margine antico reflexo, angulis rotundatis. Thorace

(antice capite vix latiori) leviter canvexo, sat crebre for-

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 107

titer punctato, longitudine duplo latiori, lateribus post

medium leviter sinuatis; angulis anticis obtusiusculis,

posticis fere rectis; basi marginato, dorso antice leviter

canaliculato. Scutello semicirculari, fortiter punctato.

Klytris thorace paulo latioribus, parallelis, singulis ad

apicem rotundatis testaceis, sutura marginibusque piceis,

superne subtiliter striato-punctatis, ad apicem leevibus.

Antennis piceo-testaceis, articulis 3, 4, 5 subsequalibus,

clava elongataé. Tibiis anticis extus bidentatis; tarsis

longis, presertim posticis.

Long. 32 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Var. Elytris marginibus late piceis.

The following I have no doubt is the ¢ of this species,

although the form is very different.

2. Statura Ph. horticole, at brevior. ‘horace canali-

cula impressa utrinque foveolato. Llytris subtiliter striato-

punctatis, interstitio suturali irregulariter punctulato.

Long. 4 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Variat; thorace nigro, vel testaceo maculis quatuor

nigris. Hlytris testaceis vel piceis.

Hab.— Nagasaki, in May.

VY Phyllopertha irregularis, sp.nov. (Pl. III. fig. 4.)

Ph. horticole affinis. Viridis (vel cuprea), breviter

griseo-hirta. Capite thoraceque statura Ph. horticole,

at hoc punctulato ut in horticola ¢. Scutello breviori,

semicirculari, erebre punctato. Elytris paulo longioribus,

parum convexis, testaceis, sutura marginibusque eeneis.

Antennis piceis, clava prelonga, nigra. ¢.

Long. 43 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Fem.—Antennarum clava breviori, corpere crassiori,

thorace crebre fortius punctato.

Var. Testacea; fronte, thoracis disco, scutelli lateribus

viridibus.

From the above description it will be seen that this

species differs from Ph. horticola besides the colouration

in having the club of the antennze much longer, the punc-

tuation of the thorax is closer, and the elytra longer.

Having only seen two specimens of this species I am not

able to say what is the usual sculpture of the elytra. In

the male above described they are not striated but are

slichtly rugulose, but in the female they are somewhat

delicately punctured, the punctures forming lines near the

suture. Lhe club of the antenne in the ? is as long as

” abe

108 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

that in the ¢ of Ph. horticola. The clypeus, the sides ot

the thorax and the legs in the @ are obscure testaceous,

but this is probably not always the case.

Hab.— Nagasaki (¢), in May; Kawachi ( ¢ ).

Phyllopertha orientalis, sp. nov.

Ph. campestri affinis. Obscure cupreo-enea, elytris

plerumque flavo-variegatis. Capite fere ut in Ph. horti-

cold, fronte crebre punctulata, clypeo angulis rotundatis.

Antennarum clava prelonga nigra. Thorace parum con-

vexo, antice angustato, sat crebre fortiter punctato, late-

ribus arcuatis, angulis posticis obtusiusculis, basi fere

rotundato, marginato. Scutello arcuatim §triangulari,

punctulato. Elytris thoracis basi latitudinem eequantibus

postice paulo ampliatis, ad apicem obtusis, depressiusculis,

fortiter striatis, strus fortiter irregulariter punctatis, inter-

stitiis convexis, subtiliter obsolete punctulatis.

Long. 4—54 lin. ; lat. 25—3% lin.

Var. a. Testacea, fronte thoracisque maculis duabus

eneis; tarsis piceis.

Var. b. Testacea, fronte thoracis limbo, elytrorumque

fasciis duabus irregularibus zeneis.

Var. c. nea, elytris nigro-piceis, flavo-maculatis.

Besides the colouration this species varies much in form,

the smaller specimens being more convex and slightly

ovate; the sculpture of the elytra also varies, the inter-

stices being almost rugulose in some specimens, whereas

they are almost smooth in others.

Hab.—Kawachi; Nagasaki; Hakodadi. (Common in

May and June.)

Phyllopertha arenaria, Brullé.

Hab.—Nagasaki, in May.

Phyllopertha octocostata, Burm.

Ph. octocostata, Burm. Handb. iv. 1, p. 243.

Hab.—Japan. “ A common species; it appears with

the first warm days of spring.”

This is placed as a synonym of Anomala costata, Hope,

under Phyllopertha in Gemminger’s Catalogue; costata

is quite a different insect, and will be referred to under

Anomala, closely allied to A. aurata.

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 109

Yv Anomala rufocuprea, Motsch.

A. rufocuprea, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 14.

Rh. lucidulus, Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1866, i. p. 171.

This species is very common, and is one of the most

variable in appearance with which I am acquainted. It

is closely allied to A. Frischii. It varies in colour from

testaceous through cupreous-seneous, blue to nearly black.

Hab.—Japan; Tartary. ‘“ Abundant on sallows.”

Rhombonyzx lucidulus, Motsch. In the British Museum

collection there is a specimen from Hokodadi which agrees

perfectly with the description of this species. I consider

it to be merely a variety of A. rufocuprea with testaceous

elytra.

Dahan oblonga, Fabr. Motschulsky records this

species from Japan. Has he not mistaken one of the

varieties of A. rufocuprea for it? This latter has, how-

ever, the thorax constantly delicately punctured.

Anomala geniculata, Motsch.

Rhinoplia geniculata, Motsch. Bull. Mose. 1866, i. p. 171.

** Statura et color Anom. Frischit, sed latior. Ovata,

conyexa, nitida, punctulata, supra pallide testacea; capite,

thorace scutelloque plus minusve eneis, corpore subtus

nigro-cupreo, pedibus nigro-zneis, geniculis testaceis ;

elytris dense punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternis paulo

latioribus.”

Long. 6 lin.; lat. 34 lin.

Hab.—Japan.

If I have correctly determined this species, it is a

broader and less convex species than A. rufocuprea, and

has the thorax less densely punctured. I have seen

specimens in which the elytra are eneous ; but the margins

are generally testaceous.

Length 6 to 8 lines.

Anomala costata, Hope.

A. costata, Hope, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 73.

Hab.—Japan.

It is closely allied to A. aurata, Fabr., but has the

channel on the thorax much stronger, and the coste on

the elytra more distinct, &c.

110 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

Anomala testaceipes, Motsch.

Rhombonyzx testaceipes, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 14.

* Oblongus, postice paulo dilatatus, punctatus, nitidus,

supra viridi-zneus, subtus testaceus, nigro-viridi-variega-

tus; ore, antennis, thoracis lateribus angustissime, pyg eidio,

ano pedibusque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque viridi-maculatis ; :

capite crebre punctato ; thorace valde transverso, nitido,

sparsim punctulato, ineequali, medio longitudinaliter im-

presso, lateribus arcuatis, medio dilatatis antice angustatis,

angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis; scutello trans-

verso, arcuato, sparsim punctulato ; elytris thorace paulo

latioribus, postice dilatatis, apice subtruncatis, utrinque

costis quatuor suturaque elevatis, costis obtusis, nitidis,

interstitiis subrugoso-punctatis, paulo opacis ; pygidio ab-

dominisque punctatis.”

Long. 63 lin.; lat. 33 lin.

I am in considerable doubt with regard to this species.

There is, however, a specimen of an insect (6 lin.) which

agrees so nearly with the description that I have considered

it the present species. ‘There is also a common insect

which I take to be merely a variety of A. testaceipes,

which has the thorax rather less thickly punctured; the

cost of the elytra strongly marked, with the intervals

semi-opaque, and very finely granulose. ‘This is closely

allied to A. costata, but is rather smaller (7 lin.), and is

easily distinguished by the rugulose intervals of the elytra.

Hab.—Hakodadi ; Nagasaki, &c., in July.

The following is also closely allied :—

Anomala flavilabris, sp. nov.

A, testaceipedi affinis, minus convexa, clypeo testaceo,

thorace discrete punctulato, lateribus arcuatis in medio

nec dilatatis, postice marginato; elytris obsolete costatis,

interstitiis nitidis, punctatis et rugulosis.

Long. 7—8 lin. ; lat. 33—4 ln.

This is at once separated from A. testaceipes (with the

description of which it agrees perfectly except in the

above particulars) by the sides of the thorax being not

angulate in the middle, and by the base being margined,

which is only the case towards the sides in A. costata and

testaceipes.

Hab.—Japan.

aaa

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 111

Anomala difficilis, sp. nov.

Elongata, convexa, nitida, supra testacea viridi tincta,

fronte thoracisque disco viridi-eeneis, pectore abdomineque

nigro-zneis. Clypeo margine reflexo, subtilissime rugu-

loso, fronte discrete punctulata, oculis magnis. Thorace

discrete subtiliter punctulato, antice capitis latitudine,

postice paulo latiori; lateribus arcuatis. medio paululo

angulatis ; angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis; basi

marginato. Scutello parce subtiliter punctulato. Elytris

thorace vix latioribus et triplo longioribus, postice paulo

ampliatis, striatis, striis irregulariter impressis et punctu-

latis, interstitio juxta suturam parce punctato. Pedibus

longis. Antennarum clava elongata.

Long. 6 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

Hab.—Japan.

Anomala pubicollis, sp. nov.

Breviter ovalis, convexa, cuprea, elytris testaceis, capite

thorace corporeque subtus longe griseo-flavo pilosis.

Capite: clypeo transverso, crebre subtiliter ruguloso,

fronte minus crebre fortius punctulata. Thorace longi-

tudine } longiori, convexo, transversim sat fortiter punctato,

antice angustato, angulis anticis obtusiusculis, lateribus

arcuatis in medio paululo angulatis, angulis posticis fere

rectis, basi ad scutellum leviter lobato. Scutello basi

punctato. Elytris thorace vix latioribus et duplo longiori-

bus, postice paulo ampliatis, ad apicem obtusis, convexius-

culis, testaceis, obsolete subtiliter striato-punctatis, inter-

stitio suturali obsolete punctato. _Antennarum clava

prelonga.

Long. 43 lin. ; lat. 23 lin.

Fem.—Antennarum clava elongato-ovata; fronte crebre

punctata ; thorace crebre fortiter punctato.

Long. 5 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

Hab.— Nagasaki and Hiogo.

V Euchlora cuprea, Hope.

E. cuprea, Hope, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 72.

Hab.— Japan. “ Appears in June, a fortnight later

than EF. albopilosa; both species do immense injury to

foliage, and occur in the same localities in all the islands.”

| -

112 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

Euchlora albopilosa, Hope.

EF. albopilosa, Hope, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 70.

Hab.— Japan.

Euchlora multistriata, Motsch.

Heteroplia multistriata, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1861, p. 7.

Hab.—Japan ; with the preceding, but not so common ;

Tsusima.

Mimela Gaschhevitchii, Motsch.

M. Gaschhevitchii, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1857, p. 32.

Hab.—Japan; in all the islands; the red variety not

so common. Hakodadi (black variety).

Mimela lucidula, Hope.

M. lucidula, Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. 1835, p. 113.

Hab.—Japan (sec. Hope).

| Mimela testaceoviridis, Blanch. |

M. testaceoviridis, Bl. Cat. d.1. Coll. Ent. Mus. d. Paris,

p. 197.

Hab.—China, Japan (sec. Jekel).

* Popilia japonica, Newm.

P. japonica, Newm. Trans. Ent. Soc. i. 1841, p. 43.

Hab.—Japan. Very common in all the islands. Ka-

wachi, var. without zneous margin to elytra.

Popilia bisignata, Sturm., MS., given in Gemminger’s

Catalogue as a synonym of P. cupricollis, is probably this

variety.

, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, leviter convexus, subnitidus, brunneus, dense

breviter griseo-squamoso-pubescens. Capite magno, fronte

crebre sat fortiter punctata, clypeo semicirculari, subtilius

punctato, margine reflexo. ‘Thorace capite paulo latiori,

leviter convexo, crebre fortiter (latera versus confluente)

punctato, transverso, longitudine duplo latiori, antice

paululo angustiori, angulis anticis prominulis vix obtusis,

lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis posticis obtusiusculis.

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 113

Elytris basi thoracis latitudine, medio paulo ampliatis, ad

apicem obtusis, crebre fortiter punctatis, singulis costis

tribus parum elevatis, secunda serie maculorum parvorum

albidorum ornata, ad apicem macula albida& majore.

Long. 4# lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Hab.—Japan. Very common in all the islands.

DYNASTID Z.

by Xylotrupes dichotomus, Linn.

Hab.—Phil. Is., China, Japan, Darjeeling.

Phileurus chinensis, Falderm.

Ph. chinensis, Fald. Mém. Ac. Petr. ii. 1835, p. 370.

Hab.—China; Japan.

CETONIID A.

Rhomborrhina japonica, Hope.

R. japonica, Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc. iii. 1841, p. 64.

Hab.—Japan. Very common in all the islands.

Rhomborrhina unicolor, Motsch.

R. unicolor, Motsch., Etud. Ent. 1861, p. 8.

Hab.—Japan. Less common than the preceding, but

associated with it.

Rhomborrhina polita, sp. nov.

Nigra, nitida. Capite angusto. Thorace antice angus-

tato, lateribus discrete punctato. Scutello fere levi.

-Elytris elongatis, apicem versus angustatis, subtilius dis-

crete punctulatis. Tibiis posticis intus longe fulvo-hirtis.

Long. 13} lin.

Allied to R. japonica, but much narrower. From

R. nigra it is distinguished by its more elongate form,

and less close punctuation. It most nearly resembles

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) I

114 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on the

R. unicolor, but is much less closely punctured both on

the thorax and elytra, the disk of the former being almost

smooth as is also the scutellum; in &, unicolor the pos-

terior tibiz have scarcely any hair on the inner edge,

whereas in the present insect there is a fringe of long

fulvous hair in both sexes.

Hab.— Yokohama.

Glycyphana pilifera, Motsch.

G. pilifera, Motsch., Etud. Ent. 1860, p. 15.

Hab.—Japan, N. and 8.

Glycyphana argyrosticta, Burm.

G. argyrosticta, Burm. Handb. ii. p. 360.

G. albosetosa, Motsch. Etud. Ent. 1861, p. 9.

Hab.—Japan, N. and §.

A black variety of this species occurs, but apparently

only in the north.

Glycyphana Sieboldi, Snellen v. Voll.

G. Sieboldi, S. v. Voll., Tijdsch. Ent. Nederl. vii.

1864, p. 158.

Hab.—Japan.

Glycyphana fulvistemma, Motsch.

G. fulvistemma, Motsch. Schrenck, Reis. 1860, p. 135.

Hab.—Mongolia; Japan.

Cetonia submarmorea, Burm.

C. submarmorea, Burm. Handb. ui. p. 460.

Hab.—Japan.

Cetonia speculifera, Swartz.

C. speculifera, Swartz, Schénh. Syn. Ins. i. 3.

Hab.—China and Japan.

Anthracophora rusticola, Burm.

A, rusticola, Burm. Handb. iii. p. 624.

Hab.—Japan.

Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan. 115

Gnorimus subopacus, Motsch.

G. subopacus, Motsch., Schrenck, Reis. 1860, p. 134,

oe f.. 5.

Hab.—Chowsan; Tsu-sima.

i Trichius fasciatus, Linn.

Hab.—Y esso.

V Trichius septemdecimguttatus, Snellen v. Voll.

GPIe TEs fie 8)

T. 17-guttatus, Snellen v. Voll., Tijdsch. Ent. Nederl.

1864, p. 159.

Niger, opacus; thorace elytrisque albo-maculatis.

Long. 54 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

_ Var. Thorace elytrisque rubris, pedibus quatuor anticis

piceis.

8. Capite elongato, subtilissime granuloso. Thorace

sat convexo, obsolete punctulato, longitudine + latiori,

antice angustato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis posticis

vix perspicuis ; basi rotundato, marginato; superne maculis

quinque parvis. LElytris convexiusculis, thorace paulo

latioribus, medio rotundato-ampliatis, latitudine paulo lon-

gioribus, basi striatis, singulis maculis parvis albis, una

juxta scutellum, alteris :-: positis. Pygidio utrinque

macula magna alba. Antennarum clava prelonga. Pedibus

longis.

2. Clypeo paulo breviori; thorace crebre fortiter pune-

tato. Elytris paulo latioribus. Antennarum clava elon-

ata.

Hab.—Japan. “ Four specimens only from Tomatru,

near Nagasaki, in May. Sought during six years.”

The red colouration is not a sexual character ; and one

of Mr. Lewis’ specimens has the thorax red, with the

anterior margin black.

, Valgus angusticollis, sp. nov.

Statura V. hemipteri, thorace angustiori, elytris paulo

longioribus.

Long. 22 lin. ; lat. 13 lin.

Closely allied to V. hemipterus and very similar in

appearance. Thorax as in that species but relatively nar-

146) Mr, Cre: ee on the Lamellicorn, &c.

rower, more narrowed in front, the sides nearly parallel

behind the middle. Elytra a trifle longer than broad,

with the sides parallel, striated as in hemipterus, with the

interstices longitudinally scratched; on the second inter-

stice, near the scutellum, there is commonly a spot formed

of black scales, and another near the apex of the third

interstice, with a white spot at the apex, but sometimes the

black scales form a band at the base and another near the

apex of the elytra, the space between the bands being

sparsely clothed with whitish scales.

Penultimate segment of the abdomen with a white spot

on each side above, the pygidium rarely with white scales.

Tarsi in both sexes relatively longer than in V. hemipte-

rus, the second joint being half the length of the basal

joint.

Hab.—Japan. All the islands, including Tsu-sima ;

common.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IIL.

Fig. 1. Ochodeus maculatus, C. Waterh.

2. Eetinohoplia variolosa, C. W.

. Serica boops, C.W.

. Phyllopertha irregularis, 8, C. W.

. diwersa, &,C. W.

. Pollaplonyx flavidus, C. W.

. Granida albolineata, Motsch.

. Trichius 17-guttatus, Snellen vy. Voll.

H Oo

won mS ot

Cie)

VII. Synopsis of British Hemiptera-Heteroptera.

By Epwarp Saunpers, F.L.8. Parr I.

[Read 5th April, 1875.]

THE following pages have been prepared in order to give

a short and concise monograph of our British Hemiptera-

Heteroptera, and to show plainly, by means of analytical

tables, the distinguishing characters of their genera and

species. It may be thought that, whilst entomologists

have such a book as Messrs. Douglas & Scott’s “ British

Hemiptera,” nothing further is needed; but since its pub-

lication many new species have been added and many

corrections made; and the analytical tables here employed

will, I believe, supply a want much felt by those who have

studied Messrs. Douglas & Scott’s work. In order to

form these tables I have borrowed freely from Fieber,

Mulsant and other continental authors; and I must

remark that the characters here employed are only meant

to distinguish our British genera and species apart, and

may not always suffice to distinguish them from their

European allies; but this book being meant for students

of our British forms, I have thought it undesirable to use

the more puzzling characters which are necessary to dis-

tinguish the European genera and species, although such

a course would perhaps have been the more scientific. I

have much pleasure here in thanking those who have kindly

helped me with the loan of specimens, &c., and especially

Messrs. Douglas & Scott and Dr. Power, and also Dr.

Puton, for the ready way in which they have helped me

whenever I have applied for their valuable assistance.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

I. Antenne visible, legs not nataterial.. si 2 Gymnocerata.

II. Antenne hidden, legs natatorial .. AE -. Cryptocerata.

GYMNOCERATA.

I. Elytra formed of several pieces joined together or

reticulated .. oe oe oe a -- Geodromica.

II. Elytra formed of one piece .. oe ae .. LHydrodromica.

N.B.—This last division contains those species only that run or leap on

the surface of the water.

TRANS. ENT. sOC. 1875.—PART II. (SEPT.) K

118 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

GEODROMICA.

I. Scutellum attaining at least to the base of the mem-

brane.

A. Scutellum very nearly, or quite, covering the

membrane... we “a ce -. Tetyre.

AA. Scutellum not nearly covering the membrane.

a. Tibi spiny nO Sc ary .. Cydnide.

b. Tibiz not spiny .. <e oe .. Arthropteride.

II. Scutellum not attaining to the base of the membrane,

A. Elytra composed of corium, clayus and mem-

brane.

B. Joints of the tarsi three on all the legs.

C. Rostrum four-jointed.

D. Antenne filiform at the apex .. ve -- Nabide.

DD. Antenne more or less thickened at the apex.

E. Ocelli wanting .. oe vs ae .. Pyrrhocorida.

EE. Ocelli present.

F. Antenne above the line of the eyes.

a, Species very elongate, with very long

delicate legs sl le : -- Berytide.

b. Species without very long senate legs .. Coreide.

FF. Antenne below the line of the eyes. «. -- Lygeide.

CC. Rostrum three-jointed.

D. Ocelli present.

E. Membrane in one piece with the rest of the

elytra .. ae ae es os -- Ceratocombide,

EE. Membrane distinct.

a. Rostrum long, antenne more or less thick-

ened at the apex ne Ac -. Saldide.

b. Rostrum short, antennz filiform at the

apex a an oe e. .. Reduvide.

DD. Ocelli wanting. .. ot oe + Acanthide.

BB. Joints of the tarsi two on sie front legs.

a. Second joint of antennz much longer than

the other three put together .. -. Tingidide.

b. Second joint of antennz of normal length Aradide.

AA, Elytra composed of corium, dems cuneus and

membrane .. oe ve -» Phytocoride.

AAA. Elytra composed of corium, saree, embolium,

cuneus and membrane.

B. Rostrum three-jointed .. AG ac -- Anthocoride.

BB. Rostrum four-jointed .. oe ee «- Microphyside.

TETYRA;

I. Entire insect hairy .. se se oe -- Odontoscelis.

IL. Insect not hairy.

A. Legs with long spines.. ee es -» Corimelena.

AA. Legs without spines, or with very short ones,

a. Front angles of thorax without processes Lurygaster,

b. Front angles of thorax with processes .. Podops.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 119

CoRIMEL-ENA.

1. scarabe@oides, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. ui. fie. 2:

Short, oval, dark bronzy, closely punctured ; legs black,

tarsi and antennz piceous.

Length 13 line.

Moss, dead leaves, &c.

ODONTOSCELIS.

1. fuliginosus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. i. fig. 3.

Insect hairy; head and thorax more or less dark, the

base of the latter often pale, disk with a white median

line; elytra of a dirty ochreous colour, with black markings

and with a narrow, pale dorsal line; thorax and elytra

sometimes nearly black, with the dorsal line, and a longi-

tudinal stripe from each shoulder, pale.

Length 3—3} lines.

Sandhills, Deal; not rare.

EURYGASTER.

1. Sides of thorax straight a we ay xs ae haurus:

2. Sides of thorax rounded - niger.

1. maurus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

plu. fig. 5.

Colour variable, sometimes pale greyish-brown all over ;

at other times dirty ochre colour, with darker markings ;

connexivum spotted with dark brown; surface punctured

with darker punctures; scutellum with a white tubercle on

each side of the base; central lobe of the face extending to

the anterior margin of the head.

Length 5 lines.

By sweeping, &c.; not uncommon.

2. niger, Fab. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. cxi. 7.

Flatter than the preceding; pale or dark ochreous-brown;

connexivum not spotted; scutellum much longer and nar-

rower than in /. maurus, and without white tubercles at

the base; central lobe of the face not extending to the

anterior margin of the head.

Length 6 lines.

' Rare; sandhills, Deal.

120 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis-of

Popops. .

1. inunctus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

i. fig. 8.

Of a dirty brown colour, with dark punctures; head

slightly darker than the rest of the body; thorax with a

triangular-shaped process at each anterior angle; scutellum

with a pale tubercle on each side at the base.

Length 3 lines.

Moss, roots of grass, &c.; not uncommon.

CYDNIDZ.

I. Head and thorax with long scattered hairs, clypeus

not notched .. ais 3c ar An -» Geotomus,

II. Head and thorax not hairy, clypeus more or less

notched oe o> oe oe as »» Sehirus.

GEOTOMUS.

1. punctulatus, Costa. Fig. Costa, Cent. II. dec. 6,

pl. v.

Dark pitchy-brown, almost black, except immature

specimens, which are testaceous. ‘Thorax posteriorly,

scutellum and elytra, closely punctured; membrane dusky, .

pale at the base; head and thorax with long projecting

hairs round their margins.

Length 2 lines.

White Sand Bay, Cornwall; under stones and Fro-

dium.

SEHIRUS.

1. Entirely black .. ble st oe oe +. morio.

2. With white margin and white spots on the elytra.

a. A small white spot on the disk of each elytron.. diguttatus.

b. A large white spot on the shoulder and a second

above the membrane .. ee oe .- bicolor.

3. Margins only white.

a, About 4 lines long, steel-blue .. oe o. dudius.

b. About 2 lines long, blue-black .. ee e+ albomarginatus.

1. bicolor, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 32, 11.

Black, with a bluish tinge; a spot on each side of the

thorax in front, a large spot on each shoulder somewhat

of a kidney-shape, and a spot at the apex of the corium

white; membrane pale; tibize white externally on their

basal half.

Length 3—33 lines.

Common in sandpits and by sweeping.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 121

2. dubius, Scop. Fig. Curtis, Brit. Ent. ii. 74.

Bright purplish-blue; sides of the thorax and elytra

narrowly pale; connexivum posteriorly white, spotted

with black. Surface punctured.

Length 3}—4 lines.

Rare. Isle of Wight; Portland; Pangbourne.

3. biguttatus, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 32, 13.

Black; sides of the thorax and elytra and a spot on the

disk of each elytron white. Thorax very coarsely and

remotely punctured.

Length 3—33 lines.

Not common. London district.

4. morio, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. i.

fig. 1.

Entirely black except the tarsi and the base of the

antenne ; surface closely punctured.

Length 3}—6 lines.

London district. Not common.

5. albomarginatus, Fab. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 33,

20.

Much smaller and more convex than any of the pre-

ceding. Black, rugosely punctured, margins of the elytra

white.

Length 2 lines.

Common at the roots of grass in dry places.

ARTHROPTERIDZ, Fieb.

I. Sides of thorax foliaceous .. os oe «+ Sciocoris.

II. Sides of thorax not foliaceous.

A. Nose deflected, somewhat pointed.

a. Nose very elongate, narrowly pointed .. lia.

b. Nose short, widely pointed a -. Ailioides.

AA. Nose horizontal, short, generally bilobate.

B. Joints of tarsi three.

C. Second segment of abdomen without a pro-

cess.

D. Very short and robust, elytra at the base

wider than long .. oe oe 2. Lysarcoris.

DD. Not very short and robust, elytra at the base

not wider than long.

E. Sides of thorax in front rugose or roughly

toothed.

F, Front thighs toothed beneath ee es Picromerus,

122 Mr, E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

FF. Front thighs not toothed.

a, Apical joint of antenna shorter than

fourth .. an Ae -- Podisus.

b. Apical joint of penis HES than

fourth .. ae ae : . Rhacognathus.

EE. Sides of thorax not rugose or ae

toothed in front.

F. Front thighs toothed beneath.. se -- dalla,

FE. Front thighs not toothed.

G. Margins of thorax not pnd defined, saa

bright blue .. oe . . Zicrona.

GG. Margins of thorax sharply defined, Preece

reflexed

a. Margins of head reflexed, species small

and bright es es a .. Strachia.

b. Margins of head not reflexed, ee not

small and bright.. AG ° . Pentatoma.

CC. Second segment of abdomen with a process.

a, Process very short and blunt, posterior

angles of thorax much produced «+ Tropicoris.

b. Process elongate, posterior angles of

thorax not produced .. ee -- Piezodorus.

BB. Joints of tarsitwo .. se a «- Acanthosoma.

Scroconis.

1. terreus, Schrk. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. u. fig. 4.

Obscure dirty ochreous colour, with darker brown

markings ; punctuation dark and rather dense ;_ front

margin of the thorax deeply incised. Membrane not

reaching to the apex of the body. Connexivum spotted

with brown.

Length 23 lines.

Sandhills, Deal; not uncommonly.

ALTA,

1. acuminata, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. u. fig. 6

Ochreous ; centre of the head and thorax with a

brownish stripe, widest at the base of the thorax, nar-

rowest at the apex of the head, darkest at the margins, in

the middle of which is a narrow, pale, slightly raised line;

near each lateral margin is another darker line, the

margins themselves pale. Scutellum with a pale line

down the centre and a rudimentary one on each side;

entire insect strongly punctured; sides of the thorax and

head in the same lines.

Length 4 lines.

Occasionally by sweeping, &c.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 123

ZELIOIDES.

1. inflecus, Wolff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl nu. figs ~7,

Pale brownish-ochre colour, largely and darkly punc-

tured. Head rather darker than the rest of the body ;

lateral margins and dorsal line of the thorax narrowly

pale ; anterior angles with a very slight lateral process ;

base of the scutellum with a paler spot at each extremity.

Length 24 lines.

By sweeping, &c.

E,YSARCORIS.

1. Scutellum with a bronzy patch at the base .. melanocephalus.

2. Scutellum without any bronzy patch and with a

small white speck on each side oe os @neus.

1. melanocephalus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. ii. fig. 9.

Head, front of thorax and scutellum bright coppery-

bronze or bronzy-black colour, the rest of the insect pale,

largely and darkly punctured ; connexivum flavous, spotted

with black.

Length 24 lines.

New Forest and Darenth Wood.

2. eneus, Scop. Fig. (perlatum) Hahn, Wanz. Ins. ii.

p- hi. fig. 155.

Pale ochreous-brown; head bronzy-green; thorax

bronzy-black on each side near the anterior margin ; sur-

face largely and darkly punctured. Scutellum same

colour as the elytra, with a raised white tubercle on each

side of the base ; posterior angles of the thorax much pro-

duced.

Length 23 lines.

New Forest.

ZICRONA.

1. cerulea, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. i. fig. 3.

Bright blue or blue-green, shining, punctured; legs and

antennze black.

Length 2$—34 lines.

London district ; and among heather, Scarborough.

124 wp. Saunders’ Synopsis of

ni Bowe Bu

1. dumosa, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ii.

fig. 4

Head, antennee, front of thorax, scutellum and legs

black, the rest brownish. A stripe down the centre of

the head, side margins and dorsal line of the thorax in

front, dorsal line of the scutellum and a spot on each side,

and a ring round each tibia, red. Whole insect largely

punctured.

Length 6 lines.

Very rare, eastern coasts. In larva state, Deal, July,

1868.

RHACOGNATHUS.

1. punctatus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. ui. fig. 5

Luteous-brown, closely and deeply punctured with black

punctures. Head, sides of the thorax, and sometimes the

scutellum and elytra, more or less bronzy, or bronzy-

green. Dorsal line of thorax pale, a spot on each segment

of the connexivum, and a ring on each tibia, red. An-

tenne black, base of 3rd joint narrowly pale. Beneath

pale, variegated with black, or entirely bronzy-green.

Length 4 lines.

Not common.

Popisus.

1. luridus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. iii.

fig. 6

einen closely punctured with bronzy punc-

tures. Head, sides of thorax and connexivum bronzy-

green, the latter with red transverse spots; sides of the

thorax roughly and unevenly denticulate in front, pos-

terior angles much produced. Antenne black, apex of

4th joint widely red. Legs pale, spotted with black.

Length 5 lines.

Not common.

STRACHIA.

1. Bright red, with black markings 36 ce «+ festiva.

2. Green or blue, with yellow or red markings .. «+ oleracea.

1. festiva, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. vi. 19.

Vermilion red. Head, three spots on each side of the

thorax, a large triangular spot at the base of the scutel-

British Hemiptera- Heteroptera. 125

lum, clavus, claval suture of corium, a large spot extending

from the claval suture nearly to the lateral margin, a

small round spot below it, and the membrane, black;

beneath red with black spots.

Length 34—4 lines.

Not common; found on flowers.

2. oleracea, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl... mi. fig. 2.

Bright olive-green, punctured, front margin of the head,

lateral margins of the thorax and dorsal line, apex of scu-

tellum, and a spot on the corium on each side of it, an

elongate spot behind the shoulder, a spot on each segment

of the connexivum, apex of femora, and a ring on each

tibia, white or red; beneath olive-green.

Length 33—4 lines.

On flowers, &c., by sweeping.

PENTATOMA.

I. Angles of thorax produced and pointed .. -- baccarum.

II. Angles of thorax not produced.

A. Species brown.

1. Legs hairy .. nic ac ee -- verbasci.

2. Legs not hairy .. oe oe e. vernale.

AA. Species green.

1, Sides of thorax and apex of scutellum

concolorous Be aD an -- Viridissima.

2. Sides of thorax and apex of scutellum

pale oe oe ee is oo Juniperinum.

1. baccarum, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 113—9

(nigricorne) (colour too dull) = nigricorne, Dougl.

& Scott.

Ochreous, covered with black punctures. Scutellum

and thorax transversely rugose. Apex of head, sides of

thorax, tibie and corium of a more or less orange-red.

Antenne, sides of the head, and the very prominent sharp

posterior angles of the thorax, black. Connexivum with

dusky spots; beneath ochreous.

Length 6 lines.

Very rare; Devonshire.

2. verbasci, Linn. Fig. (baccarum) Panz. Faun. Germ.

33, 20.

Luteous-brown, closely punctured with black punctures.

Legs and underside with long hairs, the hairs projecting

in places round the sides. Scutellum with the apex pale.

126 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

Connexivum spotted with black. Antenne: first joint

pale, the rest black, narrowly pale at their bases.

Length 6 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

3. vernale, Wolff. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 113—6.

Greenish-brown ; closely punctured with black punc-

tures. Legs and underside very shortly pubescent; sides

of the thorax and apex of scutellum narrowly pale. Con-

nexivum scarcely projecting beyond the elytra; black,

with narrow, pale, transverse spots. Antenne: first

three joints pale ; fourth and fifth black at the apex.

Length 44 lines.

Very rare ; Weston-super-Mare.

4, juniperinum, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 33, 14.

Green, rather dark; sides of the thorax and the apex

of the scutellum pale. Elytra narrowly pale behind the

shoulders. Connexivum scarcely visible. Surface densely

punctured. Scutellum and thorax in front transversely

rugose. Antenne black at the apex; legs the same

colour as the body.

Length 54 lines.

Junipers ; Mickleham, Caterham, &c.

5. viridissima, Poda. Fig. (dissimile) Dougl, & Scott,

Brit. Hem. pl. iu. fig. 1.

Paler green than the last; flatter. Connexivum pro-

jecting considerably. Body above entirely green; the

apex of the scutellum alone slightly paler. Beneath:

legs and antennz pale; apical joint of the latter and a

band on the fourth nearly black.

Length 54—6 lines.

Not uncommon, by sweeping, &c.

PIEZODORUS.

1. lituratus, Fab. Fig. (purpureipennis) Dougl. &

Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ii. fig. 9.

Green; base of the thorax, clavus and corium, except

the exterior margin, often red or purplish. Antenne

reddish. Beneath pale green. Surface regularly punc-

tured with round black punctures; posterior angles of the

thorax obtuse, not produced. Connexivum pale. Abdo-

men above black.

Length 53—6 lines.

Common, by sweeping, &c., especially on furze.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 127

ACANTHOSOMA.

I, Hind angles of thorax not produced and pointed.

A. Connexivum spotted with black ar as griseum.

AA. Connexivum not spotted with black.

a. Membrane extending much beyond the

apex of the body.. ae Sc - dentatum.

b. Membrane extending very little beyond

the apex of the body ee - tristriatum.

II. Hind angles of thorax produced and pontted -» hemorrhoidale.

1. griseum, Lin. Fig. (agathinum) Panz. Faun. Germ.

P14; YOs, 11.

Ochreous or reddish-ochreous. Connexivum pale, with

black spots; beneath pale. Surface very largely and

irregularly punctured with black. Scutellum generally

with a dark spot at the base. Connexivum sometimes

red at the apex.

Length 34-—4 lines.

Common on birches.

2. dentatum, De Geer. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ, 115, 13,

14 (too highly coloured).

Dirty yellowish-green ; base of the thorax, clavus and

corium internally red; beneath and legs yellowish; apex

of body blood-red. Connexivum very narrow, pale.

Antenne pale at the base, apical half dark. Surface

roundly punctured with black all over.

Length 4 lines.

Not uncommon on birches.

3. tristriatum, Fab. Fig. (pictum) Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. iv. fig. 2.

Bright pale green. Elytra with the clavus and the

corium, within the nerve, blood-red; hind angles of the

thorax and the extreme apex of the connexivum of the

same colour. Apex of the scutellum and a spot at each

basal angle pale. Thorax roughly punctured in front,

rather finely behind. Elytra finely, scutellum largely

punctured ; punctures not black.

Length 4 lines.

On junipers; local; Boxhill, &c.

4, hemorrhoidale, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. iv. fig. 1.

Of a lurid ochreous colour, or greenish; much larger

than any of the preceding. Thorax strongly angulated at

the sides; angles more or less red, with the apex black;

128 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

punctuation of the surface close, irregular and black. Scu-

tellum with large remote punctures. Elytra very densely

punctured, generally of a browner tint than the scutellum.

Beneath ochreous, apex red.

Length 7 lines.

On birches in the autumn.

PICROMERUS.

1. didens, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ii.

Lief

Brown, apex of scutellum narrowly pale; connexivum

obscurely spotted with red; legs and antenne orange-red ;

beneath dull red, punctured with brown; surface deeply

punctured ; scutellum transversely rugose; each posterior

angle of the thorax produced into a sharp spine; sides

anteriorly roughly denticulate.

Length 54 lines.

Not uncommon.

TROPICORIS.

l. rufipes, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. iii.

fig. 8.

Beats Arona antenne and legs red, the apex of the

former brown; beneath red, punctured with black; apex

of scutellum red; connexivum with green metallic spots ;

anterior angles of the thorax acute ; posterior angles much

produced, rounded, with a short, sharp point posteriorly ;

surface deeply and closely punctured with darker brown.

Length 7 lines.

Common on trees, &c.

COREID 2%.

I. Apical joint of antennz never much longer, gene-

rally much shorter than third.

A. Body not elongate, and linear.

B. Head without processes or spines outside the

antenna (i.¢. between them and the eyes).

C. Head not spinous between the antennx ++ Gonocerus.

CC. Head spinous between the antenne.

a. Head with one spine oe oe -- Verlusia.

b. Head with two spines .. .. -» Syromastes.

BB. Head with processes or spines outside the

antenne, as well as sometimes between them.

C. Sides of thorax much raised and reflexed

posteriorly .. ee ee ee -- Coreus.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 129

CC. Sides of thorax not much raised and reflexed

posteriorly.

D. Second joint of antenne much shorter than

third.

E. Hind thighs not spined.

a. Antenne not very rugose; second joint

about half as long as “third nb -- Atractus.

b. Antenne very rugose; 2nd joint not one

fourth so long as the third 30 .. Pseudophleus.

EE. Hind thighs spined beneath .. oe -» Bathysolen.

DD. Second and third joints of antenne subequal.

EK. Hind thighs spined beneath.

a. Entire insect covered with long projecting

hairs ee oe ee ee .» Dasycoris.

b. Insect without projecting hairs .. e- Ceraleptus.

EE, Hind thighs not spined.

a. Bright red, with black spots oe -- Therapha.

b. Dull ochreous-brown, or flavous .. o- Corizus.

AA. Body elongate, and linear.

a. Basal joint of tarsi about as long as the

other two together 56 oe - Myrmus.

b. Basal joint of tarsi twice as long as the

other two together ee sie -+ Chorosoma.

II. Apical joint of antennz much longer than third.

a. Posterior thighs spined beneath oe -. Alydus.

b. Posterior thighs not spined .. se -« Stenocephalus.

GONOCERUS.

1. venator, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. iv.

fig. 5.

ae legs slightly paler; terminal joint of

antennee and apex of third joint sometimes darker. Sur-

face regularly punctured with black; thorax much raised

posteriorly and produced on each side to a somewhat

sharp angle. Connexivum with a paler band on each

segment.

Length 6 lines.

On box trees, Boxhill.

VERLUSIA.

1. rhombea, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

iv. fig. 6.

Ochreous-brown; second and third joints of antennz

reddish, apical joint dark. Entire insect punctured with

black; sides of thorax narrowly pale, produced posteriorly

in an obtuse angle just above the base. Connexivum

130 Mr. Saunders’ Synopsis of

much produced on each side and sharply angulated in the

middle.

Length 5 lines.

Not rare.

CoREUS.

1. scapha, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. iv.

fie. 4.

Dark brown, rugosely punctured with black. Head on

each side with a spine outside the antenna; sides of the

head in front of the eyes parallel, narrowly pale. Thorax

concaye, with a sharp projecting angle at each side in

front. Sides narrowly pale in front, much raised, dilated

and rounded posteriorly; sides of the elytra slightly

rounded. Connexivum with a small, external, transverse,

pale spot on each segment. Beneath ochreous, punctured

with black.

Length 54—6 lines.

Local, but not rare on Ononis, &c.; usually on the

coast.

SYROMASTES.

1. marginatus, Linn, Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. iv. fig. 3

Brown, rugosely and regularly punctured with black.

Head with two converging rugose spines between the

eyes. Thorax very wide behind, and its sides broadly

angulated posteriorly, anterior margin the same width

as the head. LElytra subparallel; connexivum much

produced, its sides rounded; each segment with a paler

round spot inwardly. Beneath with a pale round spot on

the side of each abdominal segment.

Length 6—6} lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

ATRACTUS.

1. Dalmanii, Schill. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. iv. fig. 8

Chocolate- brown, head with numerous tubercles. Tho-

rax rugose, with the sides in front pale, and with two

longitudinal rugosities on the disk. Scutellum impressed,

with a central keel and a velvety spot on each side of it.

Elytra rugose ; connexivum regularly rounded.

Length 3 lines.

We eybridge ; Reigate; in sandy places.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 131

PSEUDOPHLEUS.

1. Fallenii, Schill. Fig. Dougl. & Seott, Brit. Hem.

pl. iv. fig. 9.

Pale ochreous or brown. Head and thorax rugose, the

latter with two elevated longitudinal ridges, sides emar-

ginate, irregularly spined, especially in front. Scutellum

with a pale central keel. Elytra very largely punctured

in lines. Connexivum transversely banded with darker

brown; beneath varied with brown.

Length 3—34 lines.

Under Erodium; common at Deal and elsewhere.

BATHYSOLEN.

1. nubilus, Fall. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. fig. 191.

Shorter and stouter than the preceding. Dark brown,

head and thorax rugose, sides of the latter reflexed, ir-

regularly dentate; disk flat, without longitudinal ridges.

Elytra punctured and finely granulated, posterior thighs

with two small spines beneath.

Length 3 lines.

Very rare; Deal.

DASYCORIS.

1. hirticornis, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

Tig he Ka

Chocolate-brown. Entire insect more or less hairy.

Lateral margins of thorax very narrowly white, with long

white teeth. Connexivum with lighter transverse bars.

Hind thighs with several teeth.

Length 5 lines.

Not uncommon by sweeping, &c.

CERALEPTUS.

1. lividus, Sten. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 1 (squalidus).

Pale ochreous-brown. Second joint of antenne and

part of third red, apex darker; thorax rugose, sides and

base dark; elytra finely and regularly rugose, lateral mar-

gins in front pale; connexivum elevated, regularly rounded,

with a pale band at each segment; beneath and legs

ochreous; hind femora dark at the apex and toothed.

Length 5 lines.

Rare; Deal.

132 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

THERAPHA.

1. hyoscyami, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 2.

Bright red. Sides and back of head, a band across the

front of thorax and a spot on each side of its base, base of

scutellum, clavus, and a spot on each elytron, legs and

antennex, black; beneath red, with a row of black spots on

each side. Entire insect slightly hairy and punctured.

Length 44 lines.

Not uncommon in the South-West of England, by

sweeping.

Conrizus.

I. Upper surface of abdomen black, with pale spots.

A. 4th abdominal segment above angularly cut

out in the centre posteriorly.

1. 5th abdominal segment with two con-

verging yellow lines, forming an inverted

V; apical segment black, with two pale

longitudinal stripes 55 tie «+ crassicornis.

2. 5th abdominal segment with two parallel

yellow lines; apical segment white, with

a dark central line ake ae .. abutilon.

AA. 4th abdominal segment not angularly incised

posteriorly, although somewhat emarginate.

1. Tibix barred and spotted with black .. parwmpunctatus.

2. Tibise not barred or spotted 50 -. capitatus.

II. Upper surface of abdomen yellow, with black spots.. maculatus.

1. crassicornis, Linn. Fig. Pans. Faun. Germ. 92, 18.

Dark greyish-brown. Thorax deeply punctured, with

the lateral margins and a narrow dorsal line slightly raised

and paler; corium somewhat transparent, the nerves some-

times spotted with black; connexivum flavous, barred with

black; abdomen beneath pale, above black, with a A-shaped

spot on the 4th and Sth segments, and a longitudinal line

on each side of the apical segments, flavous.

Length 34 lines.

Rare; Charlwood, Surrey, by sweeping in the autumn,

several specimens; also at Dorsetshire (Dale).

2. abutilon, Rossi.

Pale ochreous, sometimes darker. Connexivum pale,

with a black spot on each segment; abdomen above with

its apical segment pale, except a dark line down its middle.

Length 4 lines.

Deal and Bournemouth.

A stouter and paler insect than the preceding, but I

much doubt its being really distinct. I have a long series

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 133

of both species from abroad, containing specimens which

it would be very difficult satisfactorily to determine under

which name they should be placed. The markings on the

abdomen seem to be very variable.

3. maculatus, Fieb. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. fig. 559.

Orange-yellow. Thorax very deeply punctured, dorsal

line narrowly raised; nerves of the corium spotted with

black; connexivum spotted with black. Abdomen above

orange-yellow, with black spots at the sides and a black

line down the middle of the apical segment; hind thighs

not thickened.

Length 4 lines.

New Forest.

The uniform colour and the orange upper surface of the

abdomen at once distinguish this species.

4. capitatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 3.

Head, thorax and scutellum dark orange-coloured, the

latter with its apex whitish; corium transparent in front,

orange-red near the apex, nerves spotted with black.

Connexivum barred alternately with dark brown and

ochreous. Upper surface of abdomen black, with some

yellow spots near the base; the apical segment pale, with

the centre black. Tibi pale, with irregular brown rings.

Length 34 lines.

Occasionally by sweeping.

5. parumpunctatus, Schill. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ.

Dis 10:

Ochreous-brown, occasionally with a reddish tinge.

Thorax punctured. Nerves of the corium reddish. Con-

nexivum pale, sometimes with small round black spots.

Abdomen above black, with an elongate spot on the 3rd

and 4th segments, two small ones on the 5th, and a line

on each side of the centre of the apical one, yellow.

Length 34 lines.

Occasionally by sweeping; abundantly at the roadside

near Bournemouth.

Myrmus.

1. miriformis, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 4.

Elongate, depressed. Head and thorax brown or

greenish-brown, the sides of the latter paler, Elytra

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART Ul. (SEPT.) L

134 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

brownish, the margins pale green. Antenne covered with

bristly hairs; legs pale.

Length 5 lines.

Not uncommon on heaths by sweeping.

A variable species in colour, and often found with the

elytra undeveloped.

CHOROSOMA.

1. Schillingi, Schml. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 5.

Linear, very elongate, pale ochreous; elytra not reach-

ing to the apex of the abdomen. Abdomen above with

a dark stripe down each side, which does not reach the

apex. Apex of posterior tibiz and all the tarsi brown.

Length 6—8 lines.

Deal and Lowestoft; by sweeping.

ALYDUS.

1. ecalearatus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 7.

Elongate, black, hairy; first three joints of antennz

partly pale. Thorax flat on the disk, wider at the base

than the elytra. Scutellum with its extreme apex pale.

Connexivum with yellowish-white spots. Legs and tibize

yellowish, base and apex darker. ‘farsi: first joint at

base yellow, rest black; posterior thighs with several

spines.

Length 54 lines.

Not rare in autumn, on Sarothamnus and Ononis.

STENOCEPHALUS.

I. 2nd joint of antennz with a black central band .. -- agilis.

II. 2nd joint of antennz entirely pale.. os ee -. neglectus.

1. agilis, Scop. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. v.

a. 6.

Brown, punctured. Antenne: first joint brown, 2, 3

and 4 flavous, with the apex of each and a ring in the

middle of the 2nd brown. ‘Thorax with nearly straight

sides, much wider behind than in front. Scutellum with

the extreme apex white. Elytra with a small whitish spot

on each just above the membrane. Connexivum yellow,

barred with black; legs yellow; apex of thighs of two

British Hemtptera-Heteroptera. 135

hind pairs and whole of front thighs, apex of all the tibiz,

and the tarsi, brown. Beneath brown.

Length 6 lines.

Not uncommon; in profusion near Dawlish in Sept.

1871.

2. neglectus, H.-Scff. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. i.

fig. 272.

Extremely like the preceding, but narrower and more

parallel; 2nd joint of antennz without a band in the

middle.

Length 6 lines.

Rare; coast of Devonshire.

Although this is generally admitted as a species, I can

hardly believe it to be distinct.

BERY TID.

I. Forehead not produced between the antenne into a

long narrow point.

a. Apical joint of antenne as long as the 2nd

joint or nearly so sc aie . Metatropis.

b. Apical joint of antennz not nearly so long

asthe 2nd .. a6 Se “se .. Metacanthus.

II. Forehead produced between the antennz into a long

narrow point.

a. 2nd joint of antenne not so long as the

apical club .. Ac . . Berytus.

b. 2nd joint of antennze much longer than

apical club .. oe ee oe .. Neides.

METATROPIS.

1. rufescens, H.-Scff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. v. fig. 2.

Rufescent, punctured. Thorax much raised posteriorly,

with the sides and dorsal line strongly carinated. Legs

and antenne very long and fine, paler than the body, sub-

transparent, irregularly spotted with brown and with a

wide brown band just below the apex of each femur. An-

tennze with its apical joints, and a band near the apex of

the 1st joint, brown. .

Length 4 lines.

Rare; Southsea; Pangbourn.

METACANTHUS.

1, punctipes, Germ. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. 5, fig. 8.

Pale ochreous. Head black. Thorax with a band in

iUp

al |

136 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

front and the hind angles black, and with a brown tubercle

just above the scutellum. Scutellum with an elongate

curved spine at its base. Membrane very large and hya-

line. Legs and antennz very thin and long, banded with

brown. Apical joints of latter black.

Length 2—23 lines.

Common on Ononis.

BERYTUS.

I, Membrane as wide or wider than the corium.

A, Apex of Ist joint of antennx not black,

although darkened.

a. Membrane largely rounded oe +» montivagus.

b. Membrane narrowly rounded... os PYGMeUs.

AA. Apex of Ist joint of antenne black .. «» cognatus.

II. Membrane narrower than the corium.

A. Club of Ist joint of antenne scarcely darkened clavipes.

AA. Club of 1st joint of antenne black, ornearly so,

a. Thighs much thickened and black at the

apex Ns re : -+ crassipes.

b. Thighs not monieh tniekened! aneny at apex minor.

1. montivagus, May.

Elongate, ochreous, widest at the membrane, which is

irrecularly and clearly marked with dark brown. Thorax

punctured, finely in front, coarsely behind, with the sides

and dorsal line strongly “carinated.. The lateral carinze

are not so strong as in the other species. Apex of corium

black. Antennz and legs long, the apex of Ist joint of

the former thickened and brown; apex of the others brown;

terminal joint black, club-shaped and hairy.

Length 3—34 lines.

Not uncommon in moss, &e.

2. pygmeus, Reut.

Signoreti, Dougl. & Scott.

Elongate, ochreous, membrane not wider than the

corium across the middle, but very nearly of the same

width. Process between the eyes produced and poimted

in front. Thorax narrower than in the preceding, very

flat from a sideways view, with the dorsal line and sides

carinated ; apex of corium brown ; membrane with very

slight brown markings; club of the 1st joint of antennze

hardly darkened; knees pale.

Length 24 L lines.

In moss; widely distributed, but not common.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 137

3. cognatus, Fieb.

Larger than the preceding, and distinguished at once

from it and montivagus by the black club to the Ist joint

of antenne. Frontal process shorter and less attenuate.

Thorax wider behind and more raised. Apex of the

thighs slightly more thickened and somewhat darkened.

Membrane with distinct brown markings.

Length 3 lines.

In moss, &c.; Reigate, Dartford, &c., &c.

4, clavipes, Fieb. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 69.

Very elongate and narrow, ochreous; membrane much

narrower than the corium. Frontal process much pro-

duced and attenuate. Club of Ist joint of antenne slightly

darkened; apical joint black. Thorax tricarinate; the

carine subparallel; extreme apex of corium brown; legs

very long; knees scarcely darkened. Can only be con-

founded with minor, from which it is easily separated by

its larger size, longer thorax, narrower membrane, longer

legs and much produced frontal process.

Length 3 lines.

In moss; not common.

5. crassipes, H.-Scff.. Fig. Fieb. Beitr. 1. t. 11. fig. 28.

Short and somewhat stout for a member of this genus,

ochreous, frontal process not much produced. Thorax

tricarinate; apex of corium brown-black; membrane

clouded with brown. Apex of Ist joint of antenne

strongly clubbed, black; also apices of 2nd and 3rd joints

and the whole of the apical joint black. Knees much

thickened, widely black.

Easily separated from all the other species by the short

thick form, and the thick black knees.

Length 2—2} lines.

Moss; Mickleham, Bexley, &c.; rare.

6. minor, H.-Scff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 1.

Larger and narrower than the preceding, ochreous;

frontal process produced and somewhat pointed. Thorax

tricarinate. Antennz with the club of Ist joint brown-

black ; apex of 3rd joint and the whole of the apical black.

Knees thickened, infuscated, but sometimes scarcely

darker than the rest of the thighs. Membrane with

brown markings. The commonest species.

Length 24—3 lines.

~ Common in moss.

138 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

NEIDEs.

1, Thorax posteriorly widened and raised ve e+ tipularius.

2. Thorax posteriorly not widened or raised .. -. parallelus.

1. tipularius, Linn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 68.

Very long and narrow, with exceedingly long thin legs,

ochreous. Thorax convex, widened and much raised

posteriorly, tricarinate. Corium with several black spots

along the edge of the membrane. ‘Thighs and Ist joint

of antennze club-shaped and slightly darkened. Apex of

antenne black. Apex of tibiz and the tarsi black.

Length 53—6 lines.

Bournemouth, Woking; by sweeping, &c.

2. parallelus, Fieb.

depressus, Dougl. & Scott.

So like the preceding that I need only point out the

differences. The thorax is smaller, not raised posteriorly

nor widened, the three carine being as nearly parallel as

possible; it is also not convex as in tépularius. This insect

is considered by Dr. Renton to be the unwinged form of

NV. tipularius.

Length 53 lines.

Deal.

PYRRHOCORID.

PyYRRHOCORIS.

1. apterus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 3.

Above flat, irregularly punctured, scarlet. Head and

antenne, centre of thorax (dorsal line sometimes excepted),

scutellum, clavus, a very small black spot near each

shoulder, and a round spot on the disk of the corium and

the abdomen, except at its margins, black. Legs also

black. Beneath black; margins of body and various

spots on the thorax red.

Length 33—43 lines.

S. W. of England.

LYGAID 2.

I. Basal joint of hind tarsi generally much longer, never

shorter than 2nd and 3rd together.

A. Species very flat and wide, much dilated pos-

teriorly oP ok =e a «+ Gastrodes.

AA. Species not much flattened and dilated.

B. Sides of the thorax without a well-defined

lateral margin,

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 139

©. Thorax constricted in the middle in a waist-

like manner .. oe 56 55 a

CC. Thorax not constricted in the middle in a

waistlike manner.

a. Head exceedingly wide, eyes longly pe-

dunculate.. oe oe ee a

b. Head not so wide, eyes not pedunculate. .

BB. Sides of the thorax with a well-defined lateral

margin.

. Membrane without cells.

. Side margins of thorax foliaceous, or with a

sharp leaf or knife-like edge throughout

their length, often wider and pale near the

middle, never thickened or narrowly re-

flexed.

E. Thorax with long hairs all over or only round

the front margin .. oe ata oe

EE. Thorax without long hairs.

F. Front margin of thorax constricted into a

very short, sometimes raised collar.

a. 1st joint of antenne as long as second ..

b. Ist joint of antenne much shorter than

2nd an oe ee +e ee

FF, Front margin of thorax not collared or raised.

G. Basal joint of intermediate tarsi longer than

2nd and 3rd together.

H. Eyes prominent, projecting beyond the sides

of the thorax Se oe as “ie

HH. Eyes not prominent.

I. Antenne covered with bristly black hairs ..

If. Antenne not covered with bristly hairs ..

GG. Basal joint of intermediate tarsi shorter than

2nd and 38rd together oe wie «rs

DD. Side margins of thorax not flattened or leaf-

like, often raised or reflexed or thickened.

HE. Sides without lateral carine .. ee Se

EE. Sides with lateral carine.

F. Lateral carine visible from above.

G. Species linear, parallel sides (elytra almost

always undeveloped).

a. 8rd joint of rostrum as long, or nearly as

long, as 2nd; 2nd. and 3rd abdominal

segments above much and angularly

produced posteriorly ; the apex of the

angle widely truncate .. “0 ye

b. 8rd joint of rostrum much shorter than

2nd and 3rd, abdominal segments very

slightly angulated, the apex of the 2nd

very finely truncate a oe a

GG. Species not linear and parallel-sided.

H. Thorax more or less constricted (although

sometimes very slightly) at or behind the

middle, transversely impressed and punc-

tured,

Plociomerus.

HHenestaris.

Nysius.

Eremocoris.

Notochilus.

Scolopostethus.

Dieuches.

Emblethis.

Calyptonotus.

Trapezonotus.

Tropistethus.

Macrodema.

Ischnocoris,

140 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

I. Apical joint of antenne shorter than 2nd.

J. Entire insect covered with projecting hairs.. Pionosomuas.

JJ. Not covered with projecting hairs.

K. Thorax in front very shining and polished ... Lamproplaw.

KK. Thorax in front not shining and polished .. Drymus.

II. Apical joint of antenne as long or longer

than 2nd .. ee a .. Rhyparochromus.

HH. Thorax not constricted s catatanty:

a. Species not flattened or shining .. -» Peritrechus.

b. Species flattened, smooth and shining .. Plinthisus.

FF. Lateral carine not visible from above.

G. Anterior margin of thorax raised .. .. Lasiosomus.

GG. Anterior margin of thorax not raised.

H. Surface not pubescent .. oe oe «+ Acompus.

HH. Surface pubescent oe oe ac .. Stygnocoris.

CC. Membrane with basal cells .. or -» Phygadicus.

II. Basal joint of hind tarsi shorter than 2nd and 3rd

together.

A. Sides of thorax not thin and knife-like.

B. Base of thorax emarginate .. oe «+ Ischnodemus.

BB. Base of thorax not emarginate.

C. Head without processes between the antennz

andeyes .«- are be . Ischnorhynchus.

CC. Head with processes between the antenne anid

eyes .. .e +e «» Cymus.

AA, Sides of thorax with a Lae: like edge ss Chitacrs:

GASTRODES.

T. Lateral margin pale and knife-like only posteriorly.. ferrugineus.

II. Lateral margin pale and knife-like npoueno its

length .. ee an -- abietis.

1. ferrugineus, Linn. Fig. Donat: & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 4.

Much depressed and dilated; dull brownish-red, head

and front of thorax black, the latter lar gely and irregularly

punctured, much wider behind than in front. Elytra

widest about the middle, punctured in irregular lines.

Legs red. Anterior thighs darker, thickened and den-

ticulate on their front margin, w ith one larger spine in

the middle. Antennz red-brown; 2nd joint rather paler

than the rest.

Length 3} lines.

Not uncommon on fir trees.

2. abietis, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 92, 22.

Very like the preceding, but differs in being paler and

rather narrower ;* the front part of the thorax is highly

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 141

polished, with only a few scattered punctures at the sides,

and the entire lateral margin is pale and sharply carinated ;

the elytra are of a pale brown, with an elongate dark spot

running from the membrane upwards along the juncture

of the « corium and clavus, also the front thighs are not

darkened.

Length 34 lines.

Very rare; on spruce firs.

PLOCIOMERUS.

I. Thorax hardly swollen in front, pale behind and

scarcely pilose 3 BD ae ere ee Sracticollis.

II. Thorax very much swollen in front, ey dark

and densely pilose .. oe - «» luridus.

1. fracticollis, Schill. Fig. tenes & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 5.

Ochreous-brown. Head and front half of thorax, ex-

cept the anterior margin, black; base of the latter punc-

tured with dark brown, and with a dark-brown cloud

within each angle, the angles themselves pale; sides

converging in the middle so as to form a sort of waist ;

scutellum brownish-black; clavus and corium pale, punc-

tured with brown in lines; the nervures, margins, and a

triangular spot on the corium on each side near the base

of the membrane, pale ochreous-white. Membrane dusky,

nerves paler, beneath black. Antenne reddish-brown;

apical joint darker. Legs clear testaceous-brown, hind

thighs with a darker ring near the apex.

Length 24—3 lines.

Not rare in the F ens, Cambridgeshire.

2. luridus, H.-Seff. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. fig. 356.

Reddish-brown. Head and thorax entirely very dark

brown, the latter much swollen in front and much con-

stricted in the middle, covered with dense fine hairs.

Scutellum black. Elytra punctured with brown punctures

in lines, darker towards the apex; membrane dusky,

nerves pale; legs reddish-brown, the front ones with the

centre of the femora dark. Antenne reddish-brown.

Length 3 lines.

New Forest.

Shorter than the preceding, and at once distinguished

by the swollen thorax in front and its hairy nature,

oan

142 Mr. Kk. Saunders’ Synopsis of

HPneESTARIS.

1. luticeps, Curt. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

vi. fig. 5.

Head ochreous, spotted with black, exceedingly wide.

Kyes pedunculate. Thorax punctured, pubescent, ochre-

ous, more or less marbled longitudinally with shades

of brown; dorsal line and lateral margins posteriorly

paler. Scutellum reddish-brown, with a white silvery

spot on each side of the base. Elytra punctured, clavus

pale ochreous, punctured in lines, cortum more or less

ochreous at the base, reddish-brown posteriorly, with

a small white spot near its interior apical angle. Mem-

brane white. Nerves brown, the intervals between them

finely and closely spotted with brown, especially towards

the middle of the membrane, giving the appearance of a

brown central stripe. Legs spotted with black, largely

on the femora, finely on the tibie. Antenne with the

basal joint spotted; apical joint dusky.

Length 23—3 lines.

Hab.—Sea shore; Dawlish, &c.

Nysius.

I. Scutellum with a pale central keel .. oe -» brunneus.

II. Scutcllum without a pale keel oe oe -. thymi.

1. brunneus, Ficb. = Scotti, E. 8S.

Ochreous. Head and thorax deeply punctured, the

former with a blackish line on each side inside the eyes,

the latter with a narrow, pale, dorsal line. Scutellum

largely punctured, with a strong, smooth, pale, longi-

tudinal carina. LElytra: disk unspotted, apical margin

more or less brown, especially at the apex of the corium

itself. Membrane hyaline, clouded with brown. An-

tenn: Ist jomt spotted with brown, apical joint dusky;

Jegs and thighs finely spotted with brown.

Length 24 lines.

Hab.—Heaths; Woking, Reigate, Weybridge, Bourne-

mouth, &e.

2. thymi, Wolff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

vill. fig. 4.

Of a greyer colour than the preceding. Head nearly

black, covered with exceedingly fine silvery hairs, deeply

punctured. Thorax deeply punctured, dark in front,

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 143

with indications of a raised dorsal line at the base and at

the anterior margin; posterior angles pale. Scutellum

black or dark brown, sometimes with a streak on each

side paler, deeply punctured. LElytra greyish-ochreous,

more or less spotted on the nerves. Apical margin

narrowly and interruptedly black. Membrane hyaline,

clouded with brown. Antenne obscure brown, Ist joint

and apical joint darker. Thighs spotted with brown,

varying much in the closeness and contiguity of the spots.

Beneath sometimes ochreous, with a wide band on each

side dark, sometimes almost black all over.

Length 2 lines.

Common in heathy places.

The form called by Messrs. Douglas and Scott macu-

latus, Fieb., I cannot consider as more than a dark

variety of this very variable species.

EREMOCORIS.

1. podagricus, Fab.

erraticus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

Dla vie lige 7.

Elongate-oval. Head and antenne black. Thorax

black, finely punctured and convex in front, brown,

impressed and deeply punctured behind; sides pale.

Scutellum black, deeply punctured. LElytra punctured,

dull lightish-brown, a spot in the middle of each black:

the anterior margin of the corium and the base of the

elytra are usually more or less pale; membrane blackish,

with a white spot on each side and pale nerves. Beneath

black; coxee and sides of mesosternum reddish. Legs

reddish-brown; thighs darker.

Length 3 lines.

On junipers; Sanderstead, Reigate, Headley, &c.

2. plebeius, Hahn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 33.

Brownish-black, dull. Thorax deeply and _ sparsely

punctured behind; lateral margins dull red, surface

covered with long projecting hairs, especially in front.

Scutellum deeply punctured. Tlytra reddish-brown at

the base, clouded with dark brown posteriorly, with a

small, long, black spot in the middle of each corium.

Membrane black, with a white spot on each side. Be-

neath and legs black; tibia reddish-brown. Femora

pilose.

Length 3 lines.

New Forest.

144 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

Its dull appearance and the hairs on the thorax and

legs at once separate this from podagricus.

NOTOCHILUS.

1. limbatus, Fieb. Scolop. crassicornis, Dougl. & Scott.

Ferruginous; head and front of thorax fuscous; base

and hind angles also dark; elytra with a broad black

band across the middle; apical margin also narrowly

black. Membrane dusky, with a pale streak on each

side. Antenne thick; Ist joint red, the rest black.

Legs red; apices of the thighs narrowly black.

Length 14 line.

Southsea.

SCOLOPOSTETHUS.

I. Thorax dark in front, pale behind.

A. Antenne entirely pale.. ac se «- pictus.

B. Antenne with Ist and 2nd joints pale, rest

black... we oc ac Sc -. adjunctus.

C. Antenne with only the base of the 2nd and

1st pale—

a. Elytra finely hairy .. oe «» affinis.

b. Elytra glabrous oe ee e- ericetorum,

II. Thorax dark all over .. ne x ce -» contractus.

1. pictus, Schill. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 120—5.

Head black; thorax much wider behind than in front,

ochreous-brown, punctured with darker brown, with the

anterior margin narrowly red, and with a large quad-

rangular brown spot on its anterior half; lateral margins

white, the white colour widening about the middle; pos-

terior angles dark brown; there is also a brownish cloud

above the scutellum which is black. LElytra ochreous,

with occasional lines of brown punctures; apex of clavus,

two spots on the corium side by side, one on the disk, the

other on the lateral margin, and a broad band across the

end, jagged on its upper margin, dark brown. Membrane

white; a spot at the base and the nerves brown. <An-

tenne and legs testaceous; front femora and a ring on

the hind femora brown,

Length 2 lines.

Fens, Cambridgeshire, Xe. ; rare.

2. adjunctus, D.& 8. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 9.

I need hardly describe this, as the preceding is similar

in almost every point except the following:—Thorax

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 145

proportionately wider in front; antennz more robust;

3rd and 4th joints thickened and black; posterior thighs

entirely pale; membrane rudimentary.

Length 14 line.

Not uncommon in dry and sandy places. Var. prec.?

3. affinis, Schill. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. fig. 71 (deco-

ratus ).

A smaller insect than the preceding. Antenne black

except the 2nd joint, which is black only at its apex, and

the Ist joint in the ¢. Elytra finely pubescent. Legs

reddish-testaceous; thighs, lst pair with a wide central

band, 3rd pair with a narrow band near the apex, the

2nd pair generally only with a spot.

Length 14 line.

Generally distributed.

4. ericetorum, Letts.

Iixceedingly like the preceding: differs in having the

elytra glabrous, the antenne less thick, and their 2nd

joint black, except at the extreme base. The thighs of

the 2nd pair of legs have also generally a black apical

ring.

Length 1} line.

Under heath ; common.

5. contractus, H.-Seff. Fig. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig. 440.

Dull black. Thorax deeply and coarsely punctured;

lateral margins in the middle ochreous. Corium with

the base and a small spot on the margin near the apex

ochreous. Antennz and legs black; apex of thighs, tibize

and tarsi‘slightly paler.

Length 13 line.

Common in moss, &c., almost everywhere.

DIEUCHES.

1. duscus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. vi.

fig. 8. |

Head black, covered with fine silvery hairs. Thorax

in front with a black quadrangular spot. Anterior mar-

gin and sides white, posterior portion of thorax whitish,

punctured with large brown punctures, posterior angles

black. Scutellum with a spot on each side and the apex

white. Clavus punctured with brown, and with a brown

cloud-like spot near its middle. Corium whitish, pune-

tured with brown in lines, except outwardly; a spot on

146 wn. Saunders’ Synopsis of

each running from their juncture with the membrane to

the exterior margin, and another at the apex, black, the

space between these forming a conspicuous white spot.

Membrane nearly black, with a spot on each side below

the apex of the cuneus. Legs yellow; apex of thighs

widely and of tibiz narrowly black. Antenne yellow;

Ist joint, apex of 2nd and 3rd, and nearly the whole of

4th, black.

Length 2} lines.

West of England, Lizard, Torquay, &c.

EMBLETHIS.

1. verbascit, Fab. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 118—7

(marginipunctatus ).

Oval; ochreous, covered with black punctures and

larger puncture-like spots round the margins. Head and

antenn with short bristly hairs. Sides of thorax regu-

larly rounded. Scutellum with two black spots near each

anterior angle. Membrane spotted with dusky spots and

with a black spot on each side of the base. Underside

of thorax and sternum black, the latter with the posterior

margin of each segment whitish; body ochreous-yellow,

with a row of black spots along its margins.

Length 3 lines.

Deal.

CALYPTONOTUS.

TI. Species black; membrane with a yellow spot »» Rolandri.

II. Species brown and black.

A. Hind thighs not toothed.

B. Side margins of thorax entirely widely pale.

a. Tibie and tarsi black .. oe .. ldynceus.

b. Tibia and tarsi pale ae sie -- guadratus.

BB. Side margins of thorax not widely pale... pini.

AA, Hind thighs with a very small tooth near the

apex.. ee oe ve an .. pedestris.

1. Rolandri, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 118, 3.

Dull black, glabrous ; punctured membrane with a large

spot at its base, orange-coloured.

I have foreign examples, in which the membrane is en-.

tirely pale orange-coloured ; but I have never seen this

variety from England.

Length 3—3}3 lines.

Darenth, &e.

British Hemiptera- Heteroptera. 147

2. pint, Linn. Fig. Dougl.& Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. vi. fig. 6.

Ochreous-brown, largely and irregularly punctured

with black; elongate-oval. Head, front of thorax, scutel-

lum, an elongate spot on the clavus, a somewhat triangular

spot on each side just above the base of the membrane, the

membrane itself, legs and antenne, black; the front

tibiz reddish at their base.

Length 33—4 lines.

At the roots of heath, &c., in sandy places; not un-

common.

3. lynceus, Fab. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 118, 16.

Broad, oval, ochreous; punctured with large black

punctures. Head, a large quadrangular patch in the

front of the thorax, and an irregular-shaped spot on each

corium just above the membrane, black, the latter spot

having a small round white spot in its apex, membrane

brown; scutellum black, with an elongate ochreous spot

on each side near the apex. Sides of thorax pale, trans-

lucent and impunctate. Legs and antenne black, the

front tibize pale, except at the apex; the other tibiz pale

at their extreme base; junctures of Ist and 2nd and 2nd

and 3rd joints of antennz also pale.

Length 34 lines.

Rare; Deal, Dartford, Croydon, I. of Wight, at roots

of grass.

4, guadratus, Fab. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ, 118—9.

Klongate-oval, ochreous-brown, punctured with darker

brown; sides of thorax and elytra impunctate, smaller

than the preceding. Head, a quadrangular spot on the

front of the thorax, scutellum, and a somewhat elongate

spot on the corium on each side just above the membrane,

black. Membrane pale, with a dark central streak.

Femora black, with their extreme apices red. ‘Tibiz red,

dusky at their extremities. Antenne: Ist joint black,

with its apex red, 2nd and 8rd dull red, dusky at the

apex, terminal joint dusky.

Length 3 lines.

Rare; Llandudno.

5. pedestris, Panz. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 92, 14.

Narrow for one of this genus. Bright orange-brown,

punctured. Head, front of thorax, its posterior angles, a

round spot on each corium behind the middle, black. A

spot on each side of the thorax above the black angle, and

one immediately below each spot on the corium, white.

148 ne, Saunders’ Synopsis of

ain of the corium, a streak on the clavus,

and a streak on the disk of the corium, pale, but not

quite white. Membrane black, with a white apical spot.

Antenne black, 2nd joint yellowish. Legs: front femora

black, except at the base and apex, tibie yellow, black at

apex; tarsi black, except Ist joint. Hind legs yellow,

ends of the joints black, posterior thighs with a small

tooth. Beneath black, with two or three white spots on

the thorax, and a transverse white band on each side of

the mesosternum.

Length 24 lines.

Not common ; on sandy banks and rotten trees, Chob-

ham, Lee, Purley Downs.

Anterior mare

TRAPEZONOTUS.

I. Legs without spiny hairs ae Si is .« distinguendus.

II. Legs with spiny hairs .. oe oe -. agrestis.

1. distinguendus, Flor. Var. eae Dougl. & Scott.

Klongate-oval, depressed, ochreous-brown. Head

bronzy, finely and closely punctured. Thorax black in

front, covered with adpressed silvery hairs, posteriorly

ochreous, largely punctured with black, lateral margins

pale. Scutellum black, an elongate triangular spot on

each side, and the apex yellowish. Elytra ochreous, punc-

tured with black, darker towards the apex. Membrane

dusky brown. Nerves interruptedly paler. Antenne

brownish-black, 3rd joint with a red central ring. Thighs

black, apices pale, tibie and tarsi reddish, apex of latter

darker.

Length 2 lines.

Rare; I. of Wight.

2. agrestis, Panz. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. vii.

fig. 2

Oval, ea etd punctured with black. Head, front

part of thorax‘ and scutellum black. Thorax with the

lateral margin entirely pale. Corium with an irregular

dark spot on each side near the internal angle. Mem-

brane dusky, nerves white. Antenne black in the g,

with the Ist joint yellow. Legs, ¢, Ist pair entirely

yellow, hind pairs black, except the extreme apex of

knees; @, front pair with the apex of knees and the tibiz

yellow, others as in é.

Length 14 line.

Common in moss, &c., especially in sandy places.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 149

TROPISTETHUS.

1. holosericeus, Hahn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vii. fig. 5.

Head, thorax, seutellum and antenne dull black.

Entire insect covered with fine, slightly projecting hairs.

Elytra ochreous; a spot on each, just above the membrane

and the exterior margin posteriorly, fuscous. Membrane

whitish. Thighs testaceous-brown, paler at the apex;

front pair with a row of small teeth below, tibiz and tarsi

pale testaceous.

Length 1 line.

Rare ; Ventnor, South Devon, Buckland and Reigate

Hills ; at the roots of grass, in moss, &c.

ISCHNOCORIS.

1. hemipterus, Sahlb. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 37

(staphyliniformis ).

Elongate, parallel-sided, dull. Head black. Thorax

nearly square, dull black, with a pale patch near each

posterior angle punctured with black. Scutellum black,

apex flavous. Elytra almost always rudimentary, pale

ochreous, with lines of black punctures. Abdomen black,

covered with fine depressed hairs. Antennze brown; apex

of Ist jomt yellow; 2nd joimt yellow, except at the base.

Front thighs black, yellow at apex; tibiz and tarsi tes-

taceous ; posterior legs testaceous, thighs with a black

ring near the apex. This last character is very variable.

Length 13 line.

Common in moss, &c., in heathy places.

I have a developed specimen of this species from abroad,

in which the membrane is entirely dull fuscous.

MAcRODEMA.

1. microptera, Curt. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

vil. fig. 7.

Elongate, parallel-sided, shining. Head, thorax, ex-

cept a transverse streak at the base, scutellum, abdomen,

legs and antenne, black, sometimes with a bronzy tinge.

Streak at the base of the thorax and elytra ochreous-

brown ; the latter with rows of black punctures and a

dark external spot near the apex. Head and thorax re-

motely punctured. Abdomen above finely and closely

punctured on the first two segments that are visible below

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART Il. (SEPT.) M

150 Men. Saunders’ Synopsis of

the elytra, which are much and angularly produced in

their centres, and truncate; remotely punctured on the

other two segments. In the developed form the membrane

is whitish with the centre clouded.

Length 2 lines.

Not uncommon in moss in heathy and sandy places.

PIONOSOMUS.

1. varius, Wolff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

vu. fig. 3.

Head and thorax black, punctured, covered with bristly

hairs; the latter with two pale spots at the base. Seutel-

lum black. Elytra dull ochreous, hairy, with lines of

black punctures; on each side on the lateral margin are

three brownish spots, a small one near the base, a larger

transverse one in the middle, and a third at the apex

of the cortum. Membrane dusky, with a white spot at

the base and another on each side below the apex of

corium. Antenne black; 2nd joint, except the apex,

red; femora black ; tibiz red.

Length 13 line.

Very rare; sandhills near Sandwich (Curtis).

LAMPROPLAX.

1. piceus, Flor. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Ent. Mo. Mag.

vol. iv. pl. ii. fig. 1 ( Sharp7).

= Sharpi, Dougl. & Scott.

Clear brown, shining. Thorax with a few scattered,

long, upright hairs. Head, thorax and scutellum rather

darker than the elytra. Thorax very shining and polished

in front, and very coarsely punctured behind. Scutellum

raised and coarsely punctured. Elytra punctured in lines

on the clavus; corium with two parallel lines close to

the clavus, and with some scattered punctures towards the

lateral margin. Membrane more or less dusky. Legs

clear testaceous-brown. Antenne pitchy-brown, finely

hairy ; apical joint paler.

Length 2—2} lines.

Scotland, New Forest, Wimbledon, Chobham; in damp

places at the roots of plants, &c.

DryMws.

I. Legs without long projecting hairs.

A. Sides of thorax much rounded in front, and

much constricted behind his ei o> brunneus.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. i ay

AA, Sides of thorax not much rounded in front,

nor constricted.

a, Species short and robust; legs black .. sylvaticus.

b. Species subelongate; legs Bea ys pilicornis.

II. Legs with long projecting hairs on the tibix - pilipes.

1. sylvaticus, Fab. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. a 1. figs 11a,

Head, thorax, scutellum, antenne and legs black.

Thorax lar gely and coarsely punctured all over. Scutel-

lum largely punctured, strongly impressed in the middle.

Klytra ochreous-brown ; first internal nerve of the corium

black at its apex, whitish at its base; 2nd and 3rd nerves

more or less darkened; external margin pale ; membrane

pale dusky-brown.

Length 2—2} lines.

Very common.

Var. Ryei. Elytra chestnut- brown, wider posteriorly.

2. brunneus, Sahlb. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

vil. fig. 4.

Head and thorax pitchy-black, very coarsely punc-

tured ; the latter with its sides rounded in front, and very

much sinuated behind the middle; base rather paler than

the front portion, impressed, and much more strongly

punctured. Scutellum black. Elytra chocolate-brown ;

bases of the nerves and of the lateral margin, and a

roundish spot between the lst and 2nd nerves of the

corium, pale ochreous; membrane dusky ; nerves slightly

paler. Antenne and legs pitchy-brown; apex of former,

tibize and tarsi paler.

Length 2—23 lines.

Not uncommon in dead leaves, &c.

3. pilicornis, Muls. = latus, Dougl. & Scott.

Dull chocolate-brown. Head, front part of thorax,

scutellum, abdomen and antenne, except the first joint,

pitchy-black. Thorax much widened posteriorly ; finely

punctured in front, coarsely behind; lateral margins

brown, slightly reflexed. Scutellum largely punctured,

raised at the sides and impressed in the middle. LElytra

deeply punctured in lines. Antennz with long projecting

hairs.

Length 3 lines.

Hurst, Sussex ; in moss.

A. pilipes, Fieb.

Head, front of thorax, and sometimes the whole of it,

scutellum and antenne black. Thorax finely punctured

152 Mr. Ei. Saunders’ Synopsis of

in front, and slightly sinuate at the sides; coarsely punc-

tured behind, where it is of a piceous colour, as also on

the lateral margins. LElytra chocolate-brown; suture

between the clavus and corium, a short streak on the

interior nerve, and the lateral margins at the base, pale ;

the pale streak on the inner nerve 1s followed by a longer

black one. Membrane pale dusky, with a small black

spot on the margin, below the apex of the second nerve of

the corium ; thighs black, except at the extreme apex;

tibiz piceous, with long projecting hairs.

Length 2—3} lines.

Hab. -—Moss; Croydon, Mickleham, Betchworth.

RHYPAROCHROMUS.

I. Surface of thorax dull.

A. Species wide, black, or nearly so ee .. dilatatus.

AA. Species narrower; elytra with lighter markings.

a. Tibix black at apex 56 oe .. chiragra.

b. Tibiz entirely pale a oe .» sabulicola.

II. Surface of thorax bright and shining.

a. Elytra glabrous, pale, with a black band at

the apex .. oe ne . pretextatus.

b. Elytra hairy, dark, somew hat paler at ine

base ee . oe 30 -- antennatus.

. chiragra, Fab. Fig. Pee ‘aun. Germ. 122—8.

iatiee insect clothed more or less with projecting hairs.

Head, thorax and scutellum black; the latter with the

sides rounded in front. Scutellum very largely punctured,

triangularly raised at the base, with an impression

within the raised portion. LElytra luteous; nerves and a

large irregular-shaped spot towards the apex black.

Antenne black ; 2nd joint red, except at its apex. Thighs

black; red at the base ; tibia red; black at the apex ;

tarsi reddish, dusky at the apex.

The markings of the elytra are very variable, and often

the general colour is suffused into the spots, st so that they

are hardly distinguishable.

Length 2—23 lines.

Hob. —Common in moss, among dead leaves, &c.

2. sabulicola, Thom.

Only differs from the above in having the tibiz entirely

pale, the second and third joints of antennze pale, except

at their extreme apices, and the thorax less deeply punc-

tured at the base. It is also generally smaller in size.

Length 2 lines.

Hab.—Deal ; on sandhills.

British Hempitera-Heteroptera. 153

3. dilatatus, H.-Scff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 6.

Black, covered with more or less depressed golden hairs.

Elytra of a pitchy hue. Membrane with a pale-reddish

spot at the base. Head, thorax and scutellum coarsely

punctured, especially the posterior portion of the latter.

Elytra more finely punctured. Legs black, tarsi reddish.

Length 24—3 lines.

Hab.—Moss, in sandy localities.

Much wider than the preceding and more oval in shape ;

cannot be confounded with any of our species.

4. pretextatus, H.-Seff. Fig. (maculipennis) Curtis,

Brit. Ent. xii. pl. 612.

Smooth, shining. Head, thorax and scutellum black,

deeply and coarsely punctured. Llytra pale testaceous,

punctured in lines, with a wide band at the apex black.

Membrane fuscous, pale at the base. Beneath black.

Antenne black, apex of Ist and 2nd pale. Legs tes-

taceous; front thighs, except at the apex, black; pos-

terior pairs sometimes with a brownish spot or band towards

the apex.

Length 2}—3 lines.

Hab.—Not uncommon on sandy sea shores.

5. antennatus, Schill. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 35.

Head and thorax black, shining, the latter very coarsely

punctured posteriorly, much narrowed just above the base.

Elytra much widest posteriorly, more or less pale at the

base, the rest black, entirely clothed with fine yellowish

hairs. Membrane rudimentary. Legs testaceous. An-

tenne: Ist joint black, its apical half yellow; 2nd joint

yellow, 3rd and 4th thickened and black. :

Length 23 lines.

Not common in moss; Reigate Hill, Isle of Wight, &c.

PERITRECHUS.

1. Membrane with a white apical spot .. .. luniger.

2. Membrane without a white apical spot -+ nubilus.

1. luniger, Schill. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. wir. fie. 1

Ochreous-brown, with sparse, very short, golden hairs

visible only under a tolerably strong power. Head black.

Thorax black in front; behind brownish, with large darker

brown punctures. Sides in the middle pale. Scutellum

black. Elytra pale ochreous, punctured with black in

154 MM. Saunders’ Synopsis of

lines. Spaces between the Ist and 2nd and 2nd and 3rd

nerves of the corium white just above the membrane, then

black, and then whitish again nearer the base: the black

spots larger than the white ones; exterior apical angle of

corium black. Membrane black, a round spot at the

base and apex, and a spot on each side below the apex of

the corium, white, nerves pale. Antenne black, base of

2nd joint red; legs black; front tibize, except their apex,

red.

Length 23 lines.

Not uncommon in heathy places.

2. nubilus, Fall.

Brownish-grey. Head black, rugosely punctured.

Thorax black in front, covered with fine silvery hairs,

paler posteriorly. Scutellum black; apex with a yellow

line at each side. LElytra dull ochreous-grey, punctured

in lines with black and irregularly spotted with brown.

Thighs black, their apices and tibie, except at the base,

generally pale; tarsi pale, apex darker.

Length 24 lines,

Common among dead leaves, &c.

Typical form very rare. Var.? puncticeps, Thoms.

narrower, darker. Head more deeply and largely punc-

tured. Eyes more prominent. LElytra less mottled.

Scutellum with the apex only pale.

PLINTHISUS.

J. Thorax as wide in front as behind .. se -- brevipennis.

Il. Thorax narrower in front than behind aie .» bidentulus,

1. brevipennis, Lat. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vu. fig. 8. .

Depressed, black, shining. Thorax nearly square, finely

punctured in front, more coarsely posteriorly; basal margin

pitchy-brown. LElytra pitchy-black, punctured in lines on

the clavus and portion of corium adjoining it, irregularly

on the rest, always undeveloped and truncate posteriorly ;

legs and antennz pitchy-brown, the former lighter towards

the apex.

Length 13—1}$ line.

Common in sandy places.

2. bidentulus, H.-Scff. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins, vi.

fig. 588.

Depressed, shining. Head, thorax and seutellum pitchy-

black, punctured, the latter widest behind, basal margin

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 155

narrowly pale piceous. Elytra punctured, clavus pale

piceous ; corium piceous, a good deal darker than the

clavus, region of the central nerve pale. Membrane

somewhat of a yellowish-milky colour, darker in the

middle; legs piceous.

Length 14—14 line.

Rare; Dartford Heath.

LASIOSOMUS.

1. enervis, H.-Scff. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. vi. fig. 618.

Clear testaceous-brown, shining, sparsely covered with

long hairs, which are suberect on the thorax and scutellum

and adpressed on the elytra. Head and front of thorax

and scutellum pitchy-brown, very coarsely punctured ;

anterior margin of thorax raised and testaceous; elytra,

clavus with three rows of punctures, corium with two

parallel rows next the clavus and some scattered punc-

tures near the apex; membrane clear and hyaline; abdo-

men pitchy-brown.

Length 24 lines.

Chatham.

ACOMPUS.

1. rufipes, Wolff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl.

vin. fig. 1.

Head, thorax, scutellum and body black, coarsely punc-

tured above, covered with silvery hairs below. LElytra

punctured in lines, pale ochreous-yellow, a spot at the

apex of the corium near the inner angle black, the outer

angle brown; membrane milky, with a few brownish spots ;

antenne and legs red, apex of former black.

Length 24 lines.

Fens and marshes, not rare.

Almost always undeveloped.

STYGNOCORIS.

I. Insect black, covered with yellowish hair .. -- rusticus.

II. Insect brown.

a. Legs clear testaceous .. oe se e+ sabulosus.

b. Legs brown or pitchy .. oe +. arenarius.

1. rusticus, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vu. fig. 9.

Widest posteriorly. Black, coarsely and closely punc-

tured, covered with yellowish hairs, external margins of

156 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

elytra more or less pitchy; antenne and legs red, apical

joint of former dusky; membrane, when present, dusky,

the nerves widely pale.

Length 2—24 lines.

Common, where it occurs, but local, on Pulicaria

dysenterica, Cowes, September (Dougl. & Scott).

The developed form is exceedingly rare. Chobham,

1874, 1 spec.; Teignmouth, Wollaston (type of Stetho-

tropis), are the only recorded instances of its capture to

my knowledge.

2. sabulosus, Schill. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 117.

Clear brown, covered with rather long brownish hairs,

slightly shining; much smaller than preceding. Head

pitchy-black; thorax very coarsely punctured and covered

with long hairs, pitchy-brown on the disk; anterior margin

and the base, especially the posterior angles, paler; scu-

tellum pitchy-black, coarsely punctured ; elytra testaceous-

brown, corium with a line along the margin widening pos-

teriorly and becoming suffused into an irregular patch

across the apex, piceous; membrane somewhat dusky, base

paler.

Length 14 line.

Common in sandy places.

3. arenarius, Hahn. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 27.

Dull brownish-black, covered with short adpressed

brownish-yellow hairs. Head and thorax deeply and

coarsely punctured, slightly paler posteriorly ; elytra more

or less fuscous, corium with an irregular spot near the

apex of clavus, and another covering its own apex darker ;

membrane dusky, nerves pale; antennz and legs pitchy-

brown, apex of former darker.

Length 13 line.

Common in sandy places and elsewhere.

PHYGADICUS.

J. Thorax with long projecting hairs .. 4c -- urtice.

IJ. Thorax without long projecting hairs Ae .. artemisia.

1. urtice, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. vii.

fig: 3,

Head and thorax bronzy-black, covered with somewhat

long whitish hairs, deeply and coarsely punctured; base

of the latter more or less white, especially in the middle.

Scutellum bronzy; extreme apex white. Elytra punctured

and covered with short whitish hairs, dull ochreous, more

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 157

or less spotted or mottled with black; membrane diapha-

nous. Connexivum black, with yellowish spots. Legs

and thighs black, more or less spotted, pale at the base;

tibiz ochreous, each with three black rings. Tarsi

ochreous, apex of Ist and 3rd joints black. Antenne:

1st jomt bronzy, its apex and the other joints pale.

Length 3 lines.

Not uncommon, but local; by sweeping among nettles,

&c. in summer,

2. artemisia, Schill.

Head and thorax black, covered with exceedingly short

silvery hairs, base of latter dull ochreous. Scutellum

black, apex ochreous. Elytra dull ochreous, covered with

same sort of pubescence as the thorax, with a more or less

distinct brown spot at the inner apical angle, sometimes

extending almost across to the lateral margin. Legs

thick and short; thighs black, apex ochreous-red; tibiz

ochreous-red, in front legs with the base only, on the

others also with a spot above the apex, black. Antenne:

Ist joint black, its apex pale; other joints ochreous, with

the extreme base black and the apex more or less dusky.

Length 2—24 lines.

Reigate Hill, Mickleham, &c. In moss, &c.

IsCHNODEMUS.

1. sabuleti, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vin. fig. 2.

Elongate, parallel, much depressed ; head and thorax

dull black, posterior angles of the latter pale. lytra

pale ochreous, suture between the clavus and corium, a

line on the corium parallel to it, another line parallel

to the lateral margin joined together along the apical

margin, thus enclosing a sort of triangular space, brown.

Membrane white, with a brown cloud across the middle

and the nerves brown. Femora black, their apices, tibize

and tarsi reddish.

Length 3 lines.

Merton and Folkestone.

This species is very rare in the developed form; in un-

developed specimens the elytra are rudimentary ochreous,

with the same arrangement of brown lines; the abdomen,

of which five segments are visible, is black, densely covered

with silvery hairs.

158 wi. Saunders’ Synopsis of

IscHNORHYNCHUS.

I. Species larger, 23 lines, darker; found on alder .. Didymus.

II. Species smaller, 1} line, paler; found on heath .. geminatus.

1. Didymus, Zett. Fig. (resede) Panz. Faun. Germ.

40—20.

Oval, chestnut-brown; head and thorax closely punc-

tured, the latter with a black band across the front.

Scutellum black at the base. LElytra outwardly paler;

corium punctured only between the discal nerves and

along the claval suture; near the centre of the corium on

‘each of the nerves is a small black spot; there are also

two small spots on the apical margin, one at the extreme

apex the other at the apex of the exterior discal nerve,

Membrane large and hyaline; legs same colour as the

insect, with the apex of tarsi black; Ist joint of antenne,

base and apex of 2nd, and apical joint, black.

Length 23 lines.

Alders. Local.

2. geminatus, Fieb. Fig. (resede) Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. viii. fig. 7.

Almost a fac-simile of the former, two or three sizes

smaller; it is paler and rather more shining, and the

membrane is less large and voluminous; there is also

generally a rime-like appearance on the thorax; scutellum

and clavus not visible in the preceding, otherwise the same

description will apply to both.

Length 13 line.

Common on heath.

Cymus.

I. Seutellum with a pale keel or line down the middle.

a, Apical margin of corium not brown .. «+ glandicolor.

b. Apical margin of corium brown oe «+ elaviculus.

II. Scutellum without a pale keel or line oe -- melanocephalus,

1. glandicolor, Hahn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 45.

Pale ochreous, largely punctured. Head reddish.

Thorax with a pale dorsal ridge in front. Scutellum with

a thick pale carina. Corium paler than clayus, with a

darker cloud on each side above the base of the membrane.

Membrane slightly smoky. Legs and antennz ochreous ;

apical joint of latter fuscous.

Length 2 lines.

Common in damp places.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 159

2. claviculus, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vi. fig. 8.

Differs from preceding in being smaller and having the

elytra of a less oval shape. The scutellum also is less

strongly carinated, and the apical margin of the corium is

brown and much shorter.

Length 15—1 line.

Common by sweeping, &c.

3. melanocephalus, Fieb.

Nearest allied to claviculus; differs in its darker colour,

especially the darker colour of the head and front of thorax,

in having the keel of the thorax concolorous and in not

having any keel on the scutellum, and also in the punc-

tuation of the corium, which is irregular all over; whereas,

in claviculus, along the claval suture there are two sub-

parallel rows of punctures with an impunctate space

between them, the rest being closely and irregularly

punctured.

Length 1? line.

Not uncommon in damp places, Chobham and Reigate;

probably generally distributed, but overlooked.

CHILACIS.

1. Typhe, Perris. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. vii. fig. 6.

Oval, depressed, ochreous, shining. Thorax with the

surface somewhat uneven and irregularly punctate. Scu-

tellum punctured with black in the middle; sides slightly

raised and pale. Elytra pale ochreous. Clavus punctured

in lines; corium irregularly. Membrane hyaline. Legs

and antennze pale.

Length 2 lines.

Heads of bulrushes; Charlwood and Stockton.

(16F 3

VIII. Description of a new species of Prosopoccelus

(Coleoptera, Lucanide). By Major F. J.

SYDNEY Parry, F.L.S.

[Read 8rd May, 1875. |

Prosopocelus Wimberleyi, sp. nov.

Pp Yt,

$, var. max. P. Owen? proximus, rufo-castaneus, sub-

nitidus.

Mandibule capite paulo breviores, subdeplanatee, basi

fortiter emarginato, intus tuberculo parvo notato, supra

subapicale serrato-dentatz, et infra in medio spino deflexo

armatee.

Caput magnum, deplanatum, crebre granulosum, pone

oculos tuberculo porrecto armatum ; supra carinis duabus

nigris arcuatis, postice fere conjunctis.

“Prothorax capite latior confertissime granulosus, angulis

anticis et posticis rotundatis, macula nigra versus angulos

posticos ; marginibus tenue nigris, lined’ mediana vix dis-

tincta.

Elytra castanea, tenuissime granulosa; seutello linea

basali, limbo externo suturaéque nigris; corpore subtus,

pedibusque nigro-tinctis, ¢éb7is extus inermibus.

Long. corp. lin. 11; mandib. lin. 3.

This species is closely allied to P. Owent, Hope, but is

easily distinguished from it by its light chestnut colour,

the mandibles less circumflex, the ternal basal tubercle,

the carinze on the upper surface of the head extending

from the centre to the ante-ocular angles, the posterior

angles of the prothorax being entirely rounded, exhibiting

no indication as in its allied species of being denticulate.

We are indebted to Capt. R. Wimberley for this in-

teresting addition to the Lucanoid Coleoptera, as well as

for much valuable knowledge of the general entomology

of the same locality. —

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (SEPT.)

eee

IX. Description of the male of Alcimus dilatatus, Fairm.

By Caries O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read 3rd May, 1875.

THIS insect was originally described by Fairmaire (in the

Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 416), from a female example, and as

the male appears to be unnoticed, I subjoin a short de-

scription.

é. Latus, leviter convexus, obscure castaneus, nitidus ;

mandibulez capite paulo longiores, curvate, apice atte-

nuate, basi subtus tuberculo parvo, supra pone medium

dente cylindrico recurvo armate. Caput subtilissime

corlaceum, pone oculos dente parvo armatum. Thorax

capite paulo latior, longitudine duplo latior, lateribus

parallelis, marginibus incrassatis subcrenatis, angulis

posticis rotundatis; supra subtilissime coriaceus, dorso

fere levi. LElytra thoracis latitudini squantia, fortiter

striata, striis impunctatis, interstitiis subplanis crebre for-

titer punctatis.

Long. cum mand. 13 lin.; lat. 54 lin.

$, var. minor. Mandibulz capite paulo breviores.

Caput circa oculos parce fortiter punctatum, pone oculos

rotundatum. Thorax transversus, antice paulo angus-

tatus, nitidus, latera versus parce fortiter punctatus.

Elytra lateribus minus parallelis.

Long. cum mandib. 9 lin.; lat. 4 lin.

Hab.—Samoa Is.

The large development is in Major Parry’s collection ;

the smaller one is in the British Museum, and was col-

lected by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee. Both specimens are

from the same locality. The female was described from

Wallis Island, a small island at some distance from the

main island, but belonging to the Samoas.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875,—PART I. (SEPT.)

X. Description of a new species of Myriopod from the

borders of Mongolia. By Arrnur G. BUTLER,

BE Seb ZSes XC:

[Read 5th July, 1875.]

THE following species has recently been purchased of

Mr. Whitely for the National Collection ; it was obtained,

with a number of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, by two

German traders.

Genus SPHROTHERIUM, Brandt.

Spherotherium nebulosum, n. sp.

Ochraceous, becoming gradually paler towards the anal

segment, spotted here and there with brown; first six

dor sal segments mahogany-coloured above and crossed

transv ersely by submarginal black bands, remaining seg-

ments with narrow submar ginal grey bands, posterior

margins of the segments tawny ; head and nuchal plate

sordid clay-colour, with blackish spots and testaceous

margins; antennz olivaceous.

Head coarsely and very densely punctured, nuchal plate

more coarsely but less densely punctured, with clearly

defined anterior ridge; antennee and mandibles clothed

with short bristles; anterior dorsal segments slightly

rugulose at the sides, the first two or three segments also

slightly rugulose behind ; laminz of first segment narrow,

with very narrow marginal ridge; last dorsal segment

obliquely arched and laterally slichtly compressed.

Length 10 lines; width of first dorsal segment 5 lines.

Nankow Pass, between Mongolia and China ( Swinhoe).

Type, B. M.

Allied to S. javanicum, but easily distinguished by the

much more rugose characters of its head and nuchal plate.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART II. (SEPT.) N

XI. A Shetch of our present knowledge of the Neuropte-

rous Fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and

Trichoptera). By R. M‘Lacuuay, F.L.S., &e.

[Read 7th June, 1875. ]

As a continuation of the numerous memous on the

Entomology of Japan that have appeared in our Trans-

actions during the two preceding, and present, years, I

offer a short sketch of our knowledge of a portion of the

Neuropterous Fauna of the islands. The dragon-flies

( Odonata) are omitted, because in them no materials have

come before me; and I think that my friend Baron De

Selys-Longchamps has the idea of publishing an account

of those that are known to him at no distant date. The

Trichoptera are not at present included, because, owing

to pressure of other work, I have not been able to find

time to make the drawings so indispensable when treating

upon them; it must suffice to say here that the group is

numerously represented in Japan, and contains many ex-

traordinary forms. Limiting myself, therefore, to the

Pseudo-Neuroptera (excluding Odonata) and Planipennia,

I can enumerate only about 45 species, and of these some

are not described for want of sufficient material.

It is to the collections made by Mr. H. Pryer, of Yoko-

hama, and sent by him to his relative, Mr. Wormald, that

I am indebted for an opportunity of studying the greater

part of the insects here noticed. From Mr. George Lewis

I have received several interesting species. In addition

to these, some species exist in the collection of Baron De

Selys-Longchamps (to whom I am indebted for dupli-

cates), in that of the British Museum, and in my own.

Lastly, and by no means of the least importance, Mr.

Ritsema, of the Royal Museum of Natural History at

Leyden, has entrusted to me a small collection, chiefly

formed by Von Siebold the well-known traveller in Japan.

Instigated by a knowledge of the exclusive privilege of

trading with Japan so long possessed by Holland, it oc-

curred to me to apply to Mr. Ritsema, and the result is

that he forwarded to me several forms of the highest inte-

rest, and which have not been found by subsequent ex-

plorers.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (SEPT.) N 2

, |

168 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan ox the

The species known to occur in Japan may be referred

to the following families:— |

EX\phemeride, 5 species. Mantispide, 1 species.

Perlide Quis, Hemerohiide 1 ,,

Sialide ae Osmylide 4. 5

Raphidiide 1 ,, Chrysopide 4 ,,

Myrmeleonid@5 Panorpide 10 ,,

Ascalaphide 2 ,,

With these limited materials it would be unsafe to

generalize upon any faunistic peculiarities presented by

them. One of the most interesting facts is the occurrence

of an endemic species of the restricted genus Ascalaphus,

a genus that has its head-quarters on the northern shores

of the Mediterranean, although one species is known to

occur in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia. The most

striking feature is the number of interesting Panorpide,

including forms that have rendered necessary the con-

struction of two new genera; and large as the number

already is, it may be considered practically certain that it

only represents a tithe of the species that exist.

EPHEMERIDZ.

EPHEMERA, Linné (restricted).

EF. orientalis, sp. nov.

Pale greyish-yellow, a long black streak on each side

of the mesonotum. Abdomen above narrowly-blackish at

the sutures; the first three or four segments and the two

apical ones without longitudinal lines ; the intermediate

with five black longitudinal lines, whereof one is straight

and central, with two on each side slightly curved; tails

yellowish, the basal portion unannulated, afterw ards with

narrow-blackish sutural annulations; appendages rather

short; the two apical joints short; penis divided to its

base, the two lobes dilated at the apex and there approxi-

mate; the underside of the abdomen with only two lines

(one on each side, and those straight) on the intermediate

segments. Legs pale yellow, the anterior tibiz and tarsi

fuscous ; the tarsi transversely corrugated. Anterior wings

vitreous, with a yellowish tinge; neuration blackish,

costal veinlets incrassate and deep black; the nodal

veinlets strongly margined with blackish, and there are one

or two other blackish points ; posterior wings immaculate,

but with a rather broad pale-greyish border. (¢ imago.)

[ixpanse 32 mm.

In the Leyden Museum; captured by Von Siebold.

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 169

By the nature of the markings of the abdomen, this

bears some slight resemblance to the European £. lineata,

Haton; the individual is in indifferent condition.

EF’. japonica, sp. nov.

Very pale yellow, a black line on each side of the

pronotum ; the abdominal segments above, before the apex,

with a very oblique narrow black line on each side, thus:\/,

beneath with similar lines; on the segments immedi-

ately before the penultimate there is also frequently a

short, black, central line ; tails brownish, the sutures black,

and the base dark fuscous, almost blackish; appendages

of the ¢ pale yellowish-white ; the second joint very long

and slender, and strongly curved outwards; the two

terminal joints (3rd and 4th) very short ; the 3rd fuscous,

the basal joint very short; penis notched at the apex, the

two points turned inward. Leg gs very pale yellow; in

the anterior pair the tips of the femora, and the whole of

the tibiz and tarsi, fuscous. Wi ings very pale ereenish-

yellow, with bisckaeh veins; in the @ there is a small

nodal point, and another discal (still more minute),

fuscous; in the ¢ the anal portion of the anterior wings

has a narrow greyish border, and there is a broader border

to the posterior wings in both sexes.

The sub-imago only differs in that the colour of the

body is duller and the wings slightly less transparent.

Eixpanse ¢ 26 mm., 2? 32 mm.

Yokohama (Pryer).

A delicate insect, with very evanescent appearance.

Both these Japanese species are distinct from the

Chinese L’. serica, Katon, which should perhaps be placed

between them; it differs in markings, and also especially

in the long and slender apical joints of the appendages in

the ¢.

LEPTOPHLEBIA, Westwood.

LL. elongatula, sp. nov.

(¢ imago.) Dark liver-colour. Legs pale yellowish ;

anterior pair almost wholly fuscous, the femora paler ;

posterior tarsi 4-jointed. Tails blackish-fuscous. Anterior

wings elongate, narrow, vitreous, with the costal margin

narrowly brownish-yellow ; neuration fuscescent, yellowish

at the base, and the subeost a and radius yellow we in their

170 Mr, R. M‘Lachlan on the

basal half; inner marginal area almost without transverse

nervules ; costal area at the apex with two rows of large

irregular cellules. Posterior wings nearly orbicular ; costal

marein strongly arcuate and without any projection.

(2 subimago.) Head and thorax dull greyish-fuscous ;

abdomen blackish-fuscous, darker at the sutures. Legs

dull pale-yellowish. Tails black. Wings smoky-grey,

with black veins; the anterior pair with the costal mar om

broadly ferruginous.

Expanse 27 mm. Length of anterior wing 14 mm.,

of posterior 33 mm.

Yokohama ( Pryer).

In the absence of the 4 the most striking character of

this species is the broad ferruginous costal margin of the

anterior wings of the sub-imago.

DIPTEROMIMUS, gen. nov.

$. Eyes very large, but probably simple. Abdomen

long and slender; last ventral segment completely sepa-

rated laterally from the dorsal, forming a sub-quadrate

plate bearing the forceps, which are four-jointed; penis

long and slender; two tails. Anterior legs very slender.

Anterior wings long and very narrow, especially at the

base; transverse veinlets numerous and disposed over all

the wing; no rudimentary marginal veinlets. Posterior

wings very minute, narrow, the costal margin simple.

Although the insect upon which this genus is founded

is old and much mutilated, it differs so much from all

described genera that I have not hesitated to form a new

one for it. It bears a striking resemblance to a small

Tipula, and should probably he placed near Stiphlurus

and Hexagenia.

D. tipuliformis, sp. nov.

$ imago. Fuscous, with a testaceous tinge above,

pale yellow beneath; head black between the ocelli; hinder

lobes of meso- and meta-nota yellow. Legs (all but the

anterior mutilated) testaceous. Wings vitreous, with

brown veins. Tails blackish? (only basal joints present).

Last dorsal segment of abdomen rounded on its margin ;

the ventral seoment supporting the forceps very large,

broadly and triangularly excised in front; basal jomt of

forceps very short, 2nd long and curved; 3rd and 4th very

short, the 4th somewhat shorter than the 3rd; ; penis long

and slender, curved upward, furcate at the apex.

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 171

Length of body (without the tails) 11 mm.; expanse

of wings 23 mm.; length of anterior wing 10} mm.,

breadth 3mm.; length of posterior wing ¢ about 24 mm.

One é in the ‘Leyden Museum; collected by Von

Siebold.

CLoEON, Leach.

C. dipterum, L.

Two ? imagos from Yokohama (Pryer). Not differ-

ing from European examples.

PERLIDZE.

PERLA, Geoffroy.

P. tibialis, Pict.

P, tibialis, Pict., Perlides, 217, pl. 18, figs. 6, 7.

This species may be briefly described as having a black

head and thorax, bright yellow abdomen, yellow wings,

and black legs with yellow tibiz. Specimens in De Selys’

collection and my own agree perfectly with Pictet’s de-

scription, and with the dimension for the length of body,

but only expand to 35 instead of 45 mm., and all are

females.

Perla tinctipennis, sp. nov.

Head black in the middle, yellow anteriorly and pos-

teriorly. Pronotum slightly narrower than the head (with

the eyes), broader than long, slightly broader anteriorly ;

the sides straight, with sharp angles, blackish-fuscous

with a narrow median impressed yellowish line, the disk

coarsely rugose ; meso-notum blackish, with yellow spots ;

abdomen dull ochreous (the whole under surface of the

body pale ochreous); tails yellow; egg-valve very narrow,

with a triangular excision in the middle ; ; legs yellow, the

tibiz and apex of femora blackish-fuscous ; wings long,

pale olivaceous or yellowish, with the costal margin

more strongly coloured; neuration yellow, the transverse -

nodal nervure somewhat fuscous and clouded ( ¢ ).

Length of body (without the tails) 21 mm.; expanse

70mm. One of the largest known species, with some-

what the colours of P. tibialis.

Yokohama (Pryer). One ¢ in Wormald’s collection.

172 ¢. R. M‘Lachlan on the

Perla limbata, Pict.

P. limbata, Pict., Perlides, 219, pl. 9, figs. 1 to 5.

I have three examples from Kobé (Lewis) agreeing in

the main with Pictet’s description and figure. The egeg-

valve of the @ is very broad, rounded anteriorly, and

extending beyond the margin of the penultimate segment.

Perla niponensis, sp. nov.

Head broadly shining black on the disk, pale yellow on

the margins; only two ocelli, placed very far behind, with

a flat-topped tubercle on each side; antennz fuscous, the

second joint pale yellow. Pronotum much broader than

long, the sides nearly straight, anterior angles sharp, the

posterior rounded; median raised lines very distinct, and

the disk rugose and tuberculate; it is narrowly margined

with black, and with a broad central blackish band,

leaving the sides greenish-yellow; meso- and meta-nota

almost. entirely fuscous. Abdomen dull ochreous above,

the whole underside of the body pale greenish-yellow ;

tails yellow; egg-valve very large, triangularly produced

anteriorly, but “obtuse at the apex, not extending to the

margin of the penultimate segment. Legs greenish-

yellow ; femora and tibiz externally, and the tarsi wholly,

fuscous. Wings uniformly smoky, excepting the costal

margin, which is conspicuously pale greenish-yellow; neu-

ration (excepting the costa and sub-costa) blackish-fus-

cous: the discoidal cell of the posterior wings is shorter and

more triangular than is usual.

Length of body (without the tails) 12 mm.; expanse

38 mm.

Two females from Yokohama (Pryer) in Wormald’s

collection.

Perla lugubris, sp. nov.

Head and thorax wholly dull black above and beneath ;

ocelli reddish; eyes brown; an oblique flat elongate

tubercle on each side of the ie ; antennze brownish in the

basal half, afterwards black. Pronotum slightly broader

than long, the sides straight ; disk coarsely rugose. Abdo-

men grey, with a yellowish tinge, the tails concolorous.

Wings uniformly smoky, with strong black neuration ; the

area between the sub-costa and radius in the anterior pair

dark fuscous; this pair very elongate and narrow, and

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 173

the apical portion of the posterior pair is also narrowed.

Legs uniformly blackish-fuscous.

Length of body (without the tails) 19 mm.; expanse

56 mm.

One ¢ from Kobé (Lews) in my collection.

I have a ¢ (from Kobé) that may belong here, but it

is scarcely probable; it has the same forms and colours for

the head, thorax and legs; the abdomen is castaneous,

blackish in the basal portion above ; the egg-valve very

small, consisting of only a narrow truncated production of

the median portion of the margin of the segment; the

wings are browner, with the costal margin distinctly pale,

and the apical portion of the posterior wings broader.

I have yet three other species of Perla (each possessing

only two ocelli) from Japan, but think it prudent not to

describe them until more materials are before me. Neither

of them will accord with the description of the following,

which remains unknown to me.

P. geniculata, Pict.

P. geniculata, Pict., Perlides, 232, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.

Communicated to Pictet, by De Haan, as coming from

Japan.

SIALIDE.

Nevromus, Rambur.

NN. grandis, Thunberg.

Hemerobius grandis, Thbg., Nov. Ins. Sp., pt. 1, 28,

fig. 44.

In De Selys’ collection and my own.

Since the publication of my paper on the species of

Chauliodes and allies, in the “ Annals and Magazine of

Natural History” (July 1869), I have received a ¢ of the

true Japanese NV. grandis, and am now not sure that the

Chinese Hermes costalis and H. anticus of Walker are

specifically the same, although these two are identical.

Putting on one side certain colour differences, the anal

parts have a different appearance. In the $ of NV. grandis

the superior appendages are excised at the apex, and

produced into a spine at the inner angle; in costalis (of

which anticus is the ?) they appear to be shorter and

obtuse; in the Himalayan UW. infectus, M‘Lach., they are

extremely long, and narrowly lanceolate.

174 r. R. M‘Lachlan on the

CnravuLiopeEs, Latreille.

C. japonicus, M‘ Lach.

C. japonicus, M‘Lach., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ix, 232.

Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s collection; also in

my own and in that of De Selys, from uncertain localities.

The individual taken by Mr. Pryer is rather larger than

those previously seen by me (expanse 105 mm.); I have

not yet seen the ¢, but the ¢ has the antenne (mutilated

in other examples) obtusely serrate within up to the apex,

each joint being triangularly dilated internally.

Srauis, Latreille.

S. ——, sp. nov. ?

Kobé (Lewis); Yokohama (Pryer); also in De Selys’

collection.

Without seeing examples of the ¢ in better condition

(or in alcohol) I cannot venture to say whether this be, or

be not, distinct from the Siberian S. stbirica, M‘Lach.

The species of Salis can only be satisfactorily determined

from an examination of the anal parts of the ¢.

RAPHIDIIDZ.

INOCELLIA, Schneider.

TI. crassicornis, Schummel.

One pair(é 2) from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection.

I have compared these with others from Europe and

astern Siberia without discovering any difference that

appear to be specific; but it is desirable that more be

examined, and, if possible, individuals in alcohol.

MYRMELEONID 2.

ACANTHACLISIS, Rambur.

A. japonica (Hagen), sp. nov.

Greyish-fuscous, clothed with whitish-grey pilosity.

Antennz fuscous, with narrow testaceous annulations.

Face, and two basal joints of ‘Antenne beneath, yellow.

Pronotum varied with yellow, the anterior margin forming

two rounded lobes, the disk deeply ‘bi- _impressed trans-

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 175

versely, rather narrower in front than behind. Breast and

legs with dense hoary pilosity ; femora reddish, becoming

piceous at the tips; tibie yellow, the anterior and inter-

mediate annulated with black; spurs geniculate, but not

strongly so. Wings semi-vitreous, with slight fuscescent

clouds; neuration yellow, strongly streaked and spotted

with black; pterostigma opaque, greyish-yellow, marked

with fuscous internally: in the anterior wings the costal

area is occupied by two regular rows of pentagonal

cellules, whereof those of the upper row are slightly

smaller than the lower, the first seven or eight basal cel-

lules simple. The abdomen of the ¢ terminated by a

pair of short, broadly oval, blackish appendages, densely

clothed with long black spiniform hairs turned inwards

é).

Length of body 45 mm.; expanse 110 mm.

I have a & without any indication of special locality.

No doubt it is the same as the species recorded (but not

described) by Hagen under the above name. He queries

it as perhaps identical with the Spanish A. detica, Rbr.,

a species practically unknown to me, but I doubt not that,

although allied, the two are distinct.

GLENuRUS, Hagen.

G. japonicus, M‘ Lach.

G.(?) japonicus, M‘Lach., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool.

ix, 248.

This pretty species—readily distinguishable by the

oblique, semi-lunate, dark mark on the middle of the inner

margin of the anterior wings, and the short, broad, dark

streak near the apex of the posterior—appears to be

common, and comes in all collections from Japan.

ForMIcALEo, Brauer.

Formicaleo contubernalis, sp. nov.

Body black. Antenne (mutilated), with the two basal

joints yellow. Face and palpi wholly pale yellow; vertex

swollen, with numerous small orange-yellow spots. Pro-

notum longer than broad, scarcely narrower in front, with

a deeply impressed transverse line anteriorly, and a broad,

concave space posteriorly ; marked with orange-yellow

spots irregularly arranged in three distant longitudinal

rows; an indication of the two lateral rows is to be seen

176 Wr. M‘Lachlan on the

on the meso-notum, and there is a short line on the scu-

tellum of this segment; the meta-notum has a semicircular

orange-yellow marking, and a median line on its scu-

tellum (or hinder lobe). Abdomen black, the posterior

margin of most of the segments narrowly yellow; this

colour broadest on the terminal segments, upon which it

is continued all round the margin, and, in addition, there

is also on those segments a ventrally lateral yellow ‘longi-

tudinal line; the 2nd and 3rd segments have a narrow,

interrupted, dorsal orange-yellow line, and the sides of

the 3rd have like-coloured spots. Legs yellowish, with

numerous small black spots, the anterior and intermediate

tibie with two black semi-annulations externally; tarsal

joints blackish at the apex; hairs long and whitish;

spurs testaceous, slightly exceeding the four basal joints

of the tarsi; claws testaceous, strongly curved downward.

Wings elongate, the posterior narrower and more acute ;

vitreous with a small blackish point near the termination

of the cubiti on the anterior pair; pterostigma whitish,

indistinct ; neuration mostly black, interrupted with

whitish, the sub-costa and radius with strongly marked

black and yellowish alternate spaces; gradate veinlets

wholly black, costal veins wholly pale.

Length of body 34 mm.; expanse 80 mm. Greatest

breadth of anterior wing 9 mm., of posterior 7 mm.

In De Selys’ collection and in my own.

An inconspicuous species.

MyrmMeeon, Linné (restricted).

M. formicarius, Li. (= formicalynz, Burm. et auct.)

One example from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection. It is of large size (a 80 mm.), but

differs in no way from European examples. The species

is spread over the whole of Europe, and through Central

and Northern Asia to Japan. I have it from East Siberia

and North China.

M. micans, sp. nov.

Head and thorax blackish above, vertex with an im-

pressed yellowish median longitudinal line, continued as

a yellowish line on the pronotum; the latter short, also

yellowish on the anterior angles and slightly on the lateral

edges; antenne rather long, deep black; clypeus and labrum

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 177

pale yellow, as is also the whole of the breast, the dark

dorsal and pale pectoral colours of the thoracic segments

very sharply defined when the insect is viewed laterally.

Legs concolorous with the breast, with black spines; all

the tarsi dark brown or blackish, and there is sometimes

a fuscous line on the posterior tibiz internally: spurs

rather longer than the first tarsal jomt. Abdomen grey-

ish-brown, paler beneath, clothed with pale-brownish or

yellowish hairs. Wings vitreous, nearly colourless, but

very highly iridescent; pterostigma whitish; neuration

fine, pale, with short blackish ciliations: anterior pair

rather broad, considerably dilated beyond the middle, but

in a gradual manner, the extreme apex sub-acute; pos-

terior pair narrower, scarcely shorter, the apex much

more slender and acute.

Length of body 32—35 mm.; expanse 81—90 mm.

Greatest breadth of anterior wing 12—13 mm., of poste-

rior wing 10—11 mm.

In De Selys’ collection and my own; also in Wor-

mald’s (Yokohama, Pryer), and in the Leyden Museum

(Von Stebold).

ASCALAPHID/.

AscALAPHUS, Fab. (restricted).

A. Ramburi, sp. nov.

Black; front clothed with greyish hairs, as are also the

sides of the abdomen, otherwise the clothing is blackish ;

a yellow crescentiform mark below the basal joint of each

antenna frontally, and the facial eye-margins broadly

yellow. Prothorax with a raised yellow spot on each

side. Meso-thorax with ten yellow spots above, and a

divided one on each side below the wings. Legs orange-

yellow; the basal half of the femora, the tibiz at their tips,

and all the tarsi, deep black. Anterior wings vitreous,

with black neuration, and a small brown pterostigma; at

the extreme base the costal and inner margins are pale

sulphur-yellow, the intermediate portion of the base fus-

cescent. Posterior wings not much dilated on the lower

margin; smoky brown, with pale centres to many of the

cellules, the basal portion shining blackish to the anal

angle; costal area towards the base pale yellow, with a

brown pupil in each of the cellules, the sector and its

178 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on the

branches, and many of the nervules starting from it, mar-

gined with pale yellow; the region of the cubiti is occu-

pied by a rich yellow streak, deeply furcate from the point

where the lower cubitus divides, many of the nervules

between the branches of the fork being margined with the

same colour: pterostigma darker brown ( ? ).

Length of body 23 mm.; expanse 59 mm. Greatest

breadth of posterior wing 9 mm,

One ? in the Leyden Museum; collected by Von Sie-~

bold, forwarded to me with the name (in MS.) here

retained,

A true Ascalaphus, in form resembling A. sibiricus,

Ey., but differing greatly in coloration. The individual

before me appears to be highly mature, so that, in all

probability, the posterior wings in less adult examples will

be found to be less darkly coloured.

Hysris, Lefebvre.

H. subjacens, Walker.

Ascal. subjacens, Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., Neurop. 431;

HI, subjacens, M‘Uach., Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool.

xi. 267; A. remotus, Walk., 1. c. 447.

Tn all collections received from Japan, and apparently

common. Occurs also in North China and the Island of

Formosa.

The amount of tinting of the wings varies considerably,

probably according to degrees of maturity. Sometimes

the wings are wholly vitreous (always excepting the large

black pterostigma), or they may be vitreous with the

post-stigmatical area smoky, or wholly pale smoky-brown.

The type of A. remotus, Walker, placed by him in the

division of Ascalauphide in which the eyes are entire, is

only an example of this species with one division of the

eyes removed.

MANTISPIDZ.

Mantispa, Iliger.

M. japonica, sp. nov.

Head yellow, with a black line down the face; antennze

fuscous, the basal joints fuscous:; sub-moniliform, with

about 30 joints; palpi reddish, the terminal joint piceous at

the apex. Prothorax long, dark brown, the dilated an-

terior portion black, with two yellow spots, forming a

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 179

nearly continuous transverse band ; a little behind the an-

terior portion are two yellow tubercles, the remaining por-

tion finely corrugate. Meso- and meta-thorax varied with

yellow, black, and brown. Abdomen much thickened at

the apex, yellow above, with an irregular central brown

band; beneath blackish, varied with yellow; in the

$ there are two short, stout, and obtuse lateral appendages,

and a large boat-shaped lobe from the middle of the last

ventral segment, from within which proceeds the spiniform

penis, which is strongly curved, and annulated with black

and testaceous. Legs yellowish; posterior tibize marked

with brownish externally, and the tarsi are brownish ; an-

terior raptorial femora deep black internally, strongly

toothed, the basal spine very long. Wings vitreous ;

neuration black ; costa and radius pale; pterostigma very

long and narrow, blood red ; 7—8 costal nervules in the

anterior wings, and about 12 discal cellules, the greater

part of which are narrowed in the middle through the

bending of the nervules.

Expanse 29 mm.

One ¢ from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s collec-

tion. .

HEMEROBIID.

Hemeropsivs, Linné.

Hf,

One male from Kobé (Lewis), much resembling

H. humuli, but larger; the anal appendages deeply

furcate.

Be Gat

OSMYLIDZE.

Osmyus, Latreille.

L O. flavicornis, sp. nov.

Antenne yellow, with rather long concolorous hairs, the

extreme apex blackish. “Head black; the ocelli yellow, and

surrounded by the same colour. Pronotum yellow, with

three black spots placed in a triangle, the sides with

blackish hairs. Meso- and meta-nota yellow, spotted with

black. Abdomen blackish, spotted with yellow. Legs

yellow; claws simple, very strongly curved. Anterior

wings not very broad, sub-acute at the apex, vitreous with

black veins; pterostigma with thickened dark-brown

180 T. R. M‘Lachlan on the

veinlets on each side; one or two minute basal spots, one

or two in the middle, and a large one beyond the middle

(formed of two or three smaller spots), all dark brown

or fuscous; the inner margin clouded with greyish-tes-

taceous, and many of the ‘discal veinlets margined with

the same colour; all the costal veinlets simple; the sector

with about 13 branches ; the two series of gradate veinlets

rather irregular and scarcely parallel; in the posterior

wings the ‘dark spots are absent, excepting that at the

pterostigma.

Expanse 34 mm.

One example from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection.

O. tessellatus, sp. nov.

Black, with grey pubescence. Head much swollen

above 5 the ocelli minute, yellow, and there is a yellow

ring at the base of the antennz; face yellow, with a fur-

cate black mark between the antenne; a small yellow spot

in the middle of the pronotum anteriorly. Legs pale

yellow, with concolorous hairs; terminal tarsal joint

blackish; claws strongly serrate internally. Anterior

wings elongate and broad, vitreous; most of the neura-

fon’ 1s black, but partly w hited, the sub-costa and radius

yellowish, with black lines; many of the transverse vein-

ine are broadly margined with dark grey, giving the

wings a chequered appearance; the inner marginal and

apical area clouded with grey in an ir reoular manner,

causing pale and dark spaces; some darker (almost

blackish) spots at the pterostigma and on the disk; costal

veinlets mostly simple; sector with 15—16 branches ; the

series of gradate veinlets very irregular, many of those in

the outer series absent. Posterior wings with dark marks

at the pterostigma, the inner marginal area clouded with

pale grey.

Expanse 52 mm.

One example from Yokohama. (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection.

O. Pryeri, sp. nov.

Head and thorax yellowish-grey ; clypeus and labrum

yellowish ; upper part of face and front of vertex shining

black, and the margin of the vertex and of the pronotum

is black ; the pronotum with long black hairs at the

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 181

sides; lobes of the meso-notum much swollen, and deep

black ; ; meta-notum almost wholly black. Abdomen black,

with pale hairs. Legs yellow, with pale hairs; terminal

joint of the tarsi black ; claws serrate internally. Anterior

wings acute at the apex, pale greyish-fuscous; neuration

blackish, excepting the sub-costa and radius, which are

yellowish ; the cubital discal region and pterostigma with

darker fuscous spots, those in the former position forming

an ill-defined irregular lime running into the apex, and

bordering the inner marginal area, “which is almost uni-

formly greyish-fuscous, with a series of whitish spots on

the margin ; costal veinlets mostly simple; sector with

about thirteen branches ; the two series of gradate veinlets

complete and nearly parallel. Posterior wings paler, sub-

hyaline, without markings, except the brown pterostigma.

Eixpanse 52 mm.

One example from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wermald’s

collection.

O. hyalinatus, sp. nov.

Head yellow; colours changed in dry individuals (but

bright yellow in one that had been in alcohol) ; antennze

black. Pronotum black, varied with yellow. Abdomen

brown, with pale hairs, yellowish at the apex. Legs pale

yellow, with concolorous hairs; claws simple. Anterior

wings broad, subacute at the apex, subhyaline, with a

greyish tinge, highly iridescent; neuration black, but the

subcosta and radius yellowish; as a rule without spots,

but occasionally there is a small dark discal point, and

another on the outer series of gradate veinlets; inner

marginal area sometimes slightly clouded; pterostigma

brownish ; all the costal veinlets (excepting those at the

base) are *farcate, and almost invariably several of them

towards the base are united by a little cross veinlet,

forming, in these cases, double cellules; sector with 11—

13 branches ; the two series of gradate veinlets complete

and nearly parallel. Posterior wings without markings,

excepting the brown pterostigma.

Expanse 45—50 mm.

Yokohama (Pryer) ; Kobé (Lewis). Several examples.

In form this more resembles the EKuropean O. chrysops

than do the other species.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (SEPT.) oO

182 f R. M‘Lachlan on the

CHE 2 pO PLE.

Curysopa, Leach.

C. bipunctata, Burm.

C. bipunctata, Burm., Handb. 982; Schneider, Mon.

Chrysop. 103, tab. 31.

I have seen nothing from Japan with which Schneider’s

words, “stria arcuata ante antennas,” will agree ; but see

remarks on next species.

C. cognata, M‘ Lach.

C. cognata, M‘Lach., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ix., 249.

Probably common ; found also in China and Cambodia.

In one example from Japan there is a spot between the

antenne (absent in all the others), and it thus shows an

approach to C. bipunctata ; but im no individual is there

any trace of black spots or streaks before the antenne.

The species is closely allied to the European C. 7-pune-

tata, and (with bipunctata) may be only a local condition

thereof.

C. microcephala, Brauer (?).

One individual from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection, may possibly be this species, which is very

near the abundant and widely-spread C. vulgaris, if indeed

it be not a condition of that insect.

Nornocurysa, M‘Lach.

NN. japonica, sp. nov.

Head and two basal joints of antenne yellow, the rest

of the antennz deep black. Pronotum broader than long,

with a deep, impressed, longitudinal line in the middle ;

yellow, tinged with reddish. Meso- and meta-nota yellow,

with large black spots at the sides ; the sides of the thorax,

below the wings, varied with black and yellow in a macu-

lose manner. Abdomen yellow above, with a broad black

dorsal line; beneath black, with narrow yellow margins

to the segments, and the apex yellow. Wings narrow and

elongate, subacute, nearly colourless (probably greenish-

yellow in life); neuration mostly yellowish (green ?); the

lower half of the apical veinlets towards the base in the

anterior wings, and the apical half of the sector in both

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 183

pairs of wings, dusky ; pterostigma long and narrow,

brownish; in the anterior wings the upper half of the

3rd cubital cellule is narrower, the dividing vemlet some-

what oblique; 15—16 nervules between the radius and

the sector ; the two series of gradate veinlets nearly

parallel.

One example in the Leyden Museum ; captured by Von

Siebold. A pretty and strikingly-marked species.

Iixpanse 37 mm.

PANORPID &%.

Panorpa, Linn.

Notwithstanding that the species of this genus already

known from Japan are both numerous and handsome, we

are (as I have stated in the introductory remarks) pro-

bably only acquainted with a small proportion of those

that exist. In 1867, in the Journal of the Linnean

Society, Zoology, vol. ix. pp. 256—258, I enumerated five

species; since then others have been discovered. They

appear to constitute a group (extending into North China

and Amur Land), one of the peculiarities of which con-

sists in the fact that the sub-costa in all the wings scarcely

extends beyond the middle of the costal margin, a pecu-

liarity only to be found in one true European species

(P. alpina), which otherwise has no intimate connection

with the Japanese group. I propose to describe all the

species, as an incentive to resident entomologists in Japan

to extend our knowledge of the genus.

P. japonica, Thunberg.

P. japonica, Thbg., Nov. Ins. Sp. Dissert., iii. 67, fig. 95

Dissert. Acad. Upsal., ui. 187, tab. ix. figs. 15, 16;

Klug (Panorp.), Abhand. Akad. Wissenschaf. Berlin,

1836 — 1838, 106; Burm., Handb., 957 ; M‘Lach.,

Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ix., 256.

Body totally deep black (in the ¢ with reddish mem-

branous lateral abdominal lines and sometimes with pale

margins to the segments); the legs pale, with fuscescent

femora. Wings broad, whitish, with black veins; a very

broad black fascia rather beyond the middle, and the apex

also very broadly black, this space somewhat sinuate inter-

nally; occasionally there are two or three small black

spots before the fascia. In the ¢ the spots before the

184 t. R. M‘Lachlan on the

fascia are always present, and sometimes united into a

narrow basal fascia, oblique in a direction contrary to that

of the broad fascia, and this latter is usually furcate ex-

ternally on its lower portion, forming a narrow branch,

enclosing a vitreous space, or this branch is reduced to a

small marginal spot. In the ¢ the posterior margin of

the 3rd dorsal segment of the abdomen is produced into a

short broad median lobe (usually concealing a tubercle on

the surface and the 4th segment), fringed on each side with

pale hairs; 6th and 7th segments stout, cylindrical, equal

in length, the 7th slightly less thick than the 6th; 8th

slightly longer than the 7th, cylindrical, but thinner and

gradually incrassate from the base to the obliquely truncate

apex, the cheliferous terminal segment short, but its claws

long, piceous or reddish, the appendages that lie on its

upper surface short and small, not extending to the base

of the claws.*

Eixpanse 35—39 mm.

Probably of general distribution in Japan. I have

a @ from North China that appears to be the same

species.

P. macrogaster, M‘Lach.

P. macrogaster, M‘Lach., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ix.

251s

Dull black, the incisures of the abdominal segments,

lateral membranous lines, and wing-shoulders, reddish.

Legs yellowish or reddish. Wings broad, whitish, with

black veins ; a broad blackish fascia beyond the middle,

traversed longitudinally by a pale line between each

of the veins, with a narrow external branch on the inner

margin (or a short, narrow, disconnected line); apex

broadly blackish, also with pale lines divided by the trans-

verse veinlets, so that it appears fenestrate; two to four

blackish basal spots before the fascia. In the ¢ the pos-

terior margin of the 3rd dorsal segment is produced in the

middle into a short broad lobe, and there is a tubercle on

the surface of the 4th ; 6th and 7th, much as in P. japonica,

but the posterior angles (especially of the 7th) are more

produced, forming a triangular tooth; 8th much longer

“ The descriptions in the Journ. Linn. Soc. were based upon the, as

T now believe, erroneous assumption that the abdomen of Panorpa ( §)

consisted of eight segments instead of nine.

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. ° 185

than the 7th, and very much thinner, gradually (but

slightly) incrassate to the apex, which is oblique and trun-

cate ; cheliferous segment apparently as in P. japonica.

Expanse 34—41 mm. ‘The only 2 is much smaller,

and has an expanse of only 30 mm.

Hakodaté; in my own collection. In some examples

the pale lines in the fascia and apex are less distinct.

P. Klugi, M‘Lach.

P. Klugit, M‘Uach., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ix. 256.

Varying from testaceous to piceous according to degree

of maturity. Head and front of thorax blackish; rostrum

reddish. Legs testaceous or reddish. Wings rather

narrow, apex rounded ; tinged with yellowish or testa-

ceous; a narrow black fascia beyond the middle, and a

broad black apical space, both with sharply defined edges,

one (sometimes two) small spot before the fascia, and

frequently with a small spot on the inner margin between

the fascia and the apical portion (in the ¢ these spots are

sometimes larger and much more distinct). In the ¢ the

posterior margin of the 3rd segment is produced in the

middle into a short broad lobe, and there is a tubercle

on the surface of the 4th (frequently concealed by the

median production of the 3rd); 6th and 7th stout, cylin-

drical, truncate, the posterior angles not produced, the

7th slightly thinner than the 6th; 8th longer than the 7th,

cylindrical, gradually incrassate to the obliquely truncate

apex; cheliferous segment larger in proportion than in

the preceding species; the claws very long and slender,

much curved, and crossing each other in the middle;

appendages linear and slender, much curved, widely diva-

ricate from the point where they divide into two branches

from the basal piece.

Expanse 27—30 mm.

Yokohama (Pryer), Kobé (Lew?s), and probably from

other localities. Apparently common.

P. amurensis, M‘Lach., from Amur Land, is an allied,

but, as I think, certainly distinct species, differing in the

basal spots on the wings being larger and more numerous,

and also in structural characters, though only in degree.

P. Pryeri, sp. nov.

Deep black; the cheliferous segment testaceous, with

the claws tipped with black; rostrum pale at the sides.

Legs dusky testaceous, very pubescent; the tibize and

186 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on the

tarsi somewhat fuscescent. Wings more elongate, and

the apex more elliptical than in the preceding species;

the posterior pair more dilated in the middle; whitish,

with deep black markings as follows :—in the basal por-

tion are three narrow longitudinal lines, viz., one on the

costa ( broader than the others), and ending in a connected

(or isolated) spot; one in the middle, oblique, and extend-

ing to the inner margin at the base of the fascia; one on

the inner margin (absent in the posterior wings, but there

is a spot in its place); a narrow, oblique fascia beyond

the middle, and a small apical space (enclosing a pale

spot), also two small curved lines on the inner margin,

between the fascia and the apex; veins black. In the ¢

there is the usual broad median production of the posterior

margin of the 3rd segment; 7th and 8th segments very

short, the 7th deeply excised on its apical margin above,

the 8th broadly conical; cheliferous segment large, as long

as the 7th and 8th united; claws short; appendages

apparently very broad and nearly truncate.

Eixpanse 35—36 mm.

One pair ($%, which do not vary) from Yokohama

(Pryer), in Wormald’s collection, and a ? from Hakodaté,

in the British Museum. ‘This latter has the markings of

the wings rather less emphasized.

P. Wormald?, sp. nov.

Black; the sides of the rostrum pale. Legs yellowish.

Wings narrow and elongate, with elliptical apex, whitish,

with blackish (not deep black) markings as follows :—the

costal margin with a streak from base to apex, and a small

connected spot before the first fascia; the inner margin

also with a streak in which are three pale spots; beyond

the middle of the wing are two very narrow fasciz, each

starting from the costal streak, and each broadly furcate

in its lower half; beyond the second fascia is a simple

linear fascia, and the apical dark portion is also very

narrow.

Eixpanse 29 mm.

One ¢ from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s collection.

P. leucoptera, Uhler.

P. leucoptera, Uhler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad.

1858, 31.

The following is a reproduction of the original descrip-

tion :—

«© @. Head black above, testaceous upon the antennal

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 187

region ; rostrum dark testaceous, with a black line each

side ; palpi testaceous, with a piceous tip ; antennz dusky;

eyes black, with the posterior lobe testaceous; thorax pale

testaceous, a little blackish upon the prothorax; meso-

thorax with an irregular black superior margin, with

which four spots of the same colour are connected against

the origin of the wings; wings lactaceous, costal nervule

black, discoidal, and most of the transverse nervules

whitish, apical longitudinal nervules brown ; three pale

brown spots upon the subcostal areole, two of which are

enclosed within it, one at the origin, the other in the

middle, the third runs from the parostigmal areole to the

middle of the wing; several small transverse spots are

found near the posterior margin, and a large one near the

apex; legs testaceous, origins of the tarsal joints and nails

blackish ; abdomen dull testaceous, the three basal articles

and apices of the two next blackish, and appendages

dusky.”

* Hakodadi.”

“Length to tip of abdomen 7} lines; alar. expanse

144 lines.”

This species is unknown to me; my former indication

that I had seen a specimen was based upon an incorrect

supposition.

Wik

Wings black, with white spots (“ Mit ganz schwarzen,

weiss gefleckten Fliigeln”).

Indicated by Hagen (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1867, p. 90) as

received by him from the Leyden Museum. It is not in

the collection forwarded to me from Leyden, and is quite

unknown to me.

sp. NOv.

LEPTOPANORPA, gen. nov.

Differs from Panorpa by the extreme slenderness of all

its parts; the wings very narrow; the rostrum exceed-

ingly long ; the three terminal segments of the ¢ abdomen

immensely long, and almost thread-like, the cheliferous

segment being provided with a very long footstalk; the

basal (unmodified) segments long (not transverse as in

Panorpa).

L. Ritseme, sp. nov.

Testaceous, the head blackish (excepting posteriorly),

and with a black median line along the thorax (in the

188 en M‘Lachlan on th

the head and thorax are nearly wholly blackish above).

Legs yellowish; wings with a slight testaceous tinge,

and with fuscous veins; there is a very narrow pale

fuscous fascia beyond the middle, expanding on the costa,

where it forms the inner side of the pterostigma (in the

posterior wings this fascia is abbreviated or interrupted),

and (in the ¢ ) two or three small basal spots; posterior edge

of the 5th abdominal segment in the ¢ blackish ; terminal

segments yellowish ; 6th and 7th segments each nearly as

long as all the basal segments united ; the apical portion

eradually incrassate ; footstalk of the cheliferous segment

cone shorter and of the same form; its apex con-

siderably dilated, so that the basal portion (before the

claws) is somewhat pyriform ; claws long, strongly curved

and crossing ; appendages very long and slender, extending

beyond the base of the claws. (in the @ the terminal

segments of the abdomen are very slender.)

Total length of body of $ about 25 mm.; expanse

25 mm.

One pair (é, ¢) in the Leyden Museum; captured by

Von Siebold.

LL, Sieboldi, sp, nov.

Head deep black, pale posteriorly ; rostrum piceous,

with pale sides. Thorax piceous in front, testaceous

posteriorly, wholly yellow beneath. Abdomen fuscescent.

Legs yellow. Wings with a slight greyish tinge, and

with fuscous veins; the only marking is a mather broad

pale fuliginous apical space, straight internally ( ).

Expanse 24 mm.

Two females in the Ley den Museum; captured by

Von Siebold.,

An approach towards the abdominal formation in the

3 of Leptopanorpa is to be found in P. nematogaster,

M‘Lach., from Java (perhaps also in P. Charpentier?,

Burm.), but in it the cheliferous terminal segment is sessile,

The genus very clearly shows that the abdomen in the

Panorpide has nine segments; for the Ist segment, ordi-

narily confused with the hinder portion of the meta-

thorax, is here very long.

PANORPODES, gen. nov.

General form much as in Panorpa. In the ¢ the

abdomen is short; all the segments (excepting the terminal

Neuropterous Fauna of Japan. 189

one) are narrow and transverse, the 8th especially so, and

not modified ; the cheliferous segment ordinary, sessile, the

claws short and stout. In the anterior wings the sub-costa

extends into the pterostigmatical space, in the posterior it

is abbreviated; the wings without dark markings. The

rostrum very short, triangular ; maxillary palpi having the

3rd and 4th joints very much dilated, and concave within,

2nd and 5th thin, Ist very short, the others longer and

subequal ; maxillary lobes narrow, but the inner broader

than the outer, and furnished with a crest of cilia at the

tip; labial palpi with the joints short and not dilated, but

the 2nd slightly clavate; labrum (rostrum) with a deep

triangular notch at the apex. Tarsal claws simple (not

serrate), strongly curved.

_ This genus is, in many respects, intermediate between

Panorpa and Euphania (Westw.). By its very short

rostrum and narrow and unmodified penultimate and ante-

penultimate male segments it approaches the latter, while

in the form of the wings and in the composition of the

cheliferous segment it is more allied to Panorpa. In

Euphania the costal area of the wings is broadly dilated

and the cheliferous segment bears only modified claws,

the whole segment being considerably different in structure

from that of Panorpa. As heretofore, I am inclined to

consider Huphania identical with Chorista (ilug), though

Klug neither describes nor figures the dilated costal area.

If C. australis be not /. luteola, then it is some insect

that has not since been observed: and I must admit

that the details of the mouth-parts of C. australis, as

given by Klug, do not agree with those of 2. luteola, in

which the maxillary palpi have the 3rd and 4th joints very

much dilated, as in Panorpodes; but in £. ruficeps

(Newm.) these palpi are formed much in the manner as

indicated for Chorista, still, however, with the characteristic

dilatation of the costal area in the wings.

P. paradoxa, sp. nov.

Testaceous. Head shining-black between the ocelli;

antenne fuscescent, excepting at the base. Legs testa-

ceous. Wings wholly pale yellowish, shining, without

markings, only that the pterostigmatic region is more

opaque and finely granulose; veins pale fuscous, the trans-

verse veinlets nearly transparent and almost colourless.

190 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Neuroptera of Japan.

Claws of the terminal segment (of 2) reddish at the tips,

and with a tuft of pale hairs internally near the base ;

appendages laterally very broad, concave internally, crossing

at the tips, where there is a minute black second joint (¢).

Length of body 9 mm.; expanse 31 mm.

Two males from Yokohama (Pryer), in Wormald’s

collection.

Cab 2)

XII. Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Australia.

By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read 5th July, 1875.]

Havine recently been engaged in naming a series of

Coleoptera, added to the British Museum Collection from

Port Bowen, I have noted a large number of new species

and some new genera. This paper contains as many

descriptions as I have been able to prepare up to the

present time.

NECROPHAGA.

CucusIp&.

Ino dimidiatus, sp. nov.

Depressus, nitidissimus, flavo-testaceus; capite, thorace

elytrorumque apice nigris; antennis piceis. Capite sat

crebre punctulato. Thorace capite hand latiori, discrete

subtilius punctulato, ante medium lateribus bene rotunda-

tis, postice fortiter angustato. lytris capite thoraceque

conjunctis paulo longioribus, basi angustatis, parce sub-

tilissime punctulatis, singulo elytro ad apicem rotundato.

Abdomine apice rotundato, subtilissime punctulato.

Long. 24 lin.; lat. 1 lin.

Head large, slightly narrowed behind the eyes, dis-

tinctly and not very thickly punctured; labrum yellow.

Antenne pitchy, a little longer than the head and thorax.

The elytra are scarcely longer than the head and thorax

taken together, very broad. behind, at the base a little

narrower than the broadest part of the thorax; very

sparingly punctured, the apical half black, the apex of

each elytron rounded, especially on the outer side. The

punctuation of the abdomen is very delicate, not very

thick on the basal segments, but closer on the apical one.

The anterior femora are pitchy.

Hub.—Port Bowen. B. M.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875,—PART Il. (SEPT.)

192 Mr. ow O. Waterhouse’s descriptions

LAMELLICORNIA.

MELOLONTHID 2.

JXPHOLCIS, gen. nov.

Mentum quadrangular, a little longer than broad; a

little broader in front, concave on the exposed surface.

Labial palpi with the apical joint conical. Maxilla with

the apical lobe with five or six strong, sharp teeth. Basal

joint of the maxillary palpi minute; the other three

elongate, subequal. Clypeus trapezoidal, anterior margin

with a deep central incision, Antenne 9-jointed; basal

jomt club- shaped, 2nd globular, 3rd and 4th joints sub-

cylindrical, 5th joint a little shorter than broad, 6th very

transverse, 7th, 8th and 9th forming an ovate club.

Thorax below excavated to receive the head; the lateral

margins of the excavation curved. Claw joint of the

anterior tarsi nearly as long as the three preceding joints

taken together; claws slender and curved, each claw

furnished, at its extreme base, with a small quill-like

appendage.

This insect has the appearance of Mechidius, with the

head resembling that of Diphucephala. It should be

placed between these two genera. The lateral borders of

the excavation on the under side of the thorax in Mechi-

dius are rectilinear behind and emarginate in front;

the present genus the borders are entirely curved.

Epholeis divergens, sp. nov.

Elongata, picea, subopaca. Capite maeno, vix crebre

haud fortiter punctato; clypeo rufo-piceo, antice angus-

tato, in medio fere ad basin diviso, apice reflexo, lateri-

bus bisinuatis; oculorum cantho prominulo obtusiusculo.

Thorace longitudine duplo latiori, leviter convexo, crebre

sat fortiter punctato, antice posticeque angustato, lateribus

post medium leviter sinuato; angulis anticis prominulis,

posticis obtusiusculis (fere rectis). Scutello discrete punc-

tato. lytris thoracis latitudmem xquantibus, postice

paulo ampliatis; striis plurimis e punctis parvis elongatis

formatis, punctis setiferis, interstitiis angustissimis.

Long. 44 lin.; lat. 2 in

Pitchy; the forehead, the disk of the thorax and the

elytra darker. Head large, the punctures forming irre-

gular, transverse, short lines; the clypeus somewhat re-

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 193

sembles that of some Diphucephale. It is narrowed in

front, with the apex slightly reflexed or thickened, divided

in the middle by a deep incision; the ocular canthus is

very small, very slightly prominent, and slightly obtuse.

The sides of the thorax are somewhat angular behind the

middle ; the posterior angles are somewhat obtuse. The

elytra are closely covered with rows of setiferous punc-

tures,—each puncture has at its base a minute shining

tubercle,—the interstices are extremely narrow, except

the third, fifth and seventh, which appear as narrow,

irregular, shining coste.

Hab.— Cape York. B. M.

Macuipius, MacLeay.

The species of the genus are divisible into two sections :

the first having the claws to the tarsi simple (M. spurius, ©

Kirby, &c.) ; the second having a delicate quill-like ap-

pendage springing from the extreme base of the claw, and

sometimes nearly equalling it in length (M/Z. atratus, Burm.,

&c.). A very similar appendage is seen in the claws of

Pyronota.

Section I. Claws without basal appendage.

Mechidius spurius, Kirby.

In the British Museum Collection there is a specimen

from Swan River, which differs from the type specimen in

having the forehead evenly convex (with no impression on

the forehead as in the type); the thorax has the sides

behind the middle nearly parallel, whereas in the type the

thorax is slightly narrowed behind, the posterior angles

are acute in the former, and slightly obtuse in the latter.

The minute round tubercles at the base of each puncture

on the elytra are very distinct in the type, less so in the

Swan River specimen. The apex of the posterior tibia is

more produced on the outer side than in any other species

with which I am acquainted, the produced part is directed

outwards.

Mechidius latus, sp. nov.

Nigro-piceus, latus, parallelus, depressus. Capite antice

sat fortiter triangulariter emarginato, lateribus obliquis

bisinuatis, genis prominulis obtusis. Thorace longitudine

194 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse’s descriptions

duplo latioribus, crebre fortiter punctato ; lateribus ar-

cuatis, pone medium paululo angustatis ; basi utrinque

fortiter sinuato, angulis posticis bene acutis. Elytris tho-

race haud latioribus, lateribus fere parallelis, depressis,

striato-punctatis, interstitiis alternatis costatis.

Long. 53 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

This species is peculiar for its broad depressed form.

The thorax is very slightly narrowed at the base, the pos-

terior angles are unusually acute, owing to the base of the

thorax being strongly sinuate on each side. The elytra

have the alternate interstices distinctly costate.

Hab.—Melbourne. B. M.

In the British Museum Collection are several specimens

which differ from the above described in having the punc-

tures on the thorax crowded, but in other respects they

agree ; the difference is possibly only s sexual.

Mechidius variolosus, W. Macleay.

This species (if I have correctly determined it) is easily

distinguished by its clear brown colour, and by the long

hair with which it is clothed. In this and the following

species the posterior tarsi are long, and the anterior tibize

scarcely dentate.

Hab.—Sydney. B. M.

Mechidius longitarsis, sp. nov.

Castaneus, sat nitidus, depressiusculus. _Clypeo haud

profunde triangulariter exciso. Thorace sat crebre punc-

tato, postice vix angustato, angulis posticis acutiusculis,

basi fortiter bisinuato. ‘ibiis anticis angustis, vix tri-

dentatis. Tarsis posterioribus sat gracilibus, articulo

primo elongato duobus sequentibus conjunctis eequali.

Long. 4 lin. ; lat. 24 lin.

This species is very close to the preceding. They have

in common the castaneous colour, nearly the same form ;

the anterior tibiz are unusually little dilated; the apex

is only very slightly bifid, and the usual upper third tooth

is nearly obsolete. In both species the posterior tibie are

slender, very slightly produced at the apex; the tarsi are

slender, and the basal joint is unusually long (equal to

the two following taken together in the present species).

The head is rounded at the sides and in front, with the

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 195

clypeus not very deeply triangularly notched in the

middle. Thorax gently convex, not very thickly punc-

tured, twice as broad as long, scarcely narrowed behind

the middle; the base strongly sinuated at each side; the

posterior angles acute, not directed outwards. The elytra

are striate-punctate, the alternate interstices very narrow,

and, owing to a transverse tubercle at the base of each

puncture, the interstices are irregular (in fact, only visible

when seen from behind, or not directly from above).

There is no long hair on the thorax and elytra as in the

preceding species.

Hab.—South Australia. B. M.

Mechidius rufus, Hope.

Hab.— Australia. Mus. Oxon.

Mechidius ater, sp. nov.

Oblongus, ater, convexus. Capite antice leviter

emarginato, lateribus reflexis vix sinuatis, genis promi-

nulis obtusis. Thorace longitudine 2 latiori, conyexo,

creberrime fortiter punctato, antice arcuatim angustato,

lateribus postice rectis, angulis posticis acutis, basi

utrinque leviter sinuato. LElytris thoracis latitudine et

2+ longioribus, parallelis, leviter convexis, striato-punc-

tatis, striis esequidistantibus ; punctis oblongis, singulis

basi tuberculo rotundato nitido instructis. Antennarum

clava magna ovata.

Long. 33—4} lin.; lat. 14—23 lin.

Deep black, convex, sub-opaque. The thorax is only

slightly emarginate in front; the sides are arcuate in

front, nearly parallel behind; the base is gently emargi-

nate on each side, which makes the posterior angles acute.

Jilytra the same width as the thorax, parallel at the sides;

each puncture of the striz has a distinct shining tubercle

at the base.

Hab.—Sydney. B. M.

Mechidius brevis, sp. nov.

Preecedenti affinis, at paululo latior. horace crebre

fortius punctato, angulis posticis denticulo instructis, basi

leviter rotundato utrinque leviter sinuato. LElytris basi

fere truncatis, latitudine 4 longioribus, postice paulo am-

196 Mr. ea O. Waterhouse’s descriptions

pliatis, striarum punctis singulis basi tuberculo minuto

instructis.

Long. 33 lin. ; lat. 14 lin.

This species is very close to the preceding. The head

is nearly of the same form, but the angle made by the

side of the anterior emargination, and the oblique side of

the head, is less obtuse ; the sides distinctly bisinuate, and

the cheeks are very prominent and acute; the minute

tubercles on the surface are not crowded as in the pre-

ceding. Thorax convex, rather thickly and strongly punc-

tured “(crow ded at the sides) ; the sides are evenly ‘rounded,

with the margins minutely crenulate ; ; the posterior angles

are indicated by a small triangular tooth, behind which

the base is gently sinuate. ‘The elytra are about } longer

than their width at their base, the base nearly straight ;

the punctures forming the rows are elongate and narrow,

each puncture with a small, transverse, “shining babencls

at the base; the interstices flat, but rendered slightly

irregular by the tubercles at the base of the punctures.

Pyeidium ‘with crowded punctures, and without any

raised, central, smooth line. Anterior tibix short and

broad, with three nearly equal strong teeth on the outer

side, equidistant from each other.

Hab.—Rockhampton. B. M.

A specimen from §. Australia (Mount Alexander dis-

trict) only differs from the above in having the thorax a

little broader and the elytra relatively longer.

Long. 44 lin. ; lat. 24 ln.

Mechidius acutangulus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, convexiusculus, piceus, subopacus. Capite

antice triangulariter emarginato, lateribus reflexis obsolete

bisinuatis, genis prominulis. Thorace longitudine } la-

tiori, sat convexo, confertim sat fortiter punctato ; angulis

anticis sat prominentibus, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, basi

omnino rotundato, angulis posticis dente parvo acuto in-

structis. Scutello elongato-triangulari. Elytris thorace

vix latioribus at duplo longioribus, striato - punctatis,

punctis elongatis setiferis, interstitiis planis.

Long. 34 ‘ane ; lat. 13 lin.

The Ne is not very deeply triangularly emarginate in

front; the sides are oblique and reflexed, very ” slightly

bisinuate ; the cheeks are slightly prominent and slightly

acute. Thorax broadest behind the middle, gently

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 197

narrowed in front, with the sides much rounded; the pos-

terior angles are only indicated by a small acute tooth,

behind which the base is very slightly sinuate ; the punc-

tures on the surface are small and round, and crowded,

each puncture having a minute, round, yellow scale in the

centre. Elytra emarginate at the base ; ; the punctures

which form the striae are narrow, and there is a minute

tubercle at the base of each puncture; there is the ap-

pearance of a slight impressed line on the inner side of

the third, fifth and seventh rows of punctures. Pygidium

thickly punctured, longitudinally raised in the middle.

Anterior tibiz slightly broader towards the apex, tri-

dentate on the outer side, the basal one small and distant

from the other two.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

Mechidius excisus, sp. nov.

Elongatus, niger, subopacus. Capite antice leviter

emarginato; lateribus obliquis, leviter bisinuatis, reflexis,

genis prominulis obtusis. horace longitudine ? latiori,

convexo, crebre fortiter punctato ; lateribus ene ante

angulos posticos semicirculariter excisis, angulis posticis

acutis. Elytris deplanatis, postice paulo latioribus, striato-

punctatis, punctis elongatis, interstitiis planis.

Long. 43 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Head thickly punctured, in front with a shallow trian-

gular emargination; the angle before the eye is not very

prominent, obtuse, but not rounded. The thorax is slightly

narrowed in front, thickly (somewhat closely) and strongly

punctured; the sides are arcuate, with a small semi-circular

emargination before the posterior angles, which are acute

and slightly prominent. The anterior tibiz are stout,

wider at the apex, with a small tooth in the middle of the -

outer edge and two strong approximate teeth at the apex.

Hab.—Port Bowen. Bb. M.

Mechidius hopeanus, of Westwood, differs from the

above in having the head in front less emarginate,

the sides less directly oblique and the cheeks rounded.

There is also no distinct angle before the posterior emar-

gination of the side of the thorax, as there is in M. excisus.

Lastly, the upper tooth on the anterior tibia is much closer

to the apical teeth than in the above described insect.

Hab.—Moreton ae Clarence River. B. M.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART II. (SEPT.) P

198 Mr. O®®. Waterhouse’s descriptions

Section II. Claws with a quill-like appendage at the

base of each.

Mechidius atratus, Burm.

THab.— Melbourne.

Mechidius sordidus, Boisd.

This appears to be one of the commonest South Aus-

tralian species. In Gemminger and Harold’s Catalogue,

M. MacLeayanus, Westw., is sunk as a synonym of it.

I have authentic specimens of M. sordidus and have seen

the type of 27. MacLeayanus, and can therefore say with

certainty that the species are distinct. I. sordidus is

opaque, brown, oblong, the sides somewhat parallel; the

thorax is very slightly narrowed posteriorly, the posterior

angles are slightly less than right-angles; the sete on the

surface are rather fine and are all directed towards the

scutellum; the striz of the elytra are equidistant, the

interstices flat.

Mechidius emarginatus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, piceo-niger, subopacus. Capite vix convexo,

fortiter punctato, antice emarginato, emarginationis an-

gulis exterioribus acutis prominulis, lateribus obliquis sat

fortiter bisinuatis, genis prominulis obtusis. Thorace lon-

eitudine ? latiori, antice arcuatim angustato, leviter con-

vexo, crebre haud fortiter punctato; lateribus crenulatis ;

angulis posticis oblique semicirculariter emarginatis, an-

culo ante emarginationem fere recto, angulo postico

obtusiusculo. Scutello punctulate: Ely tris deplanatis,

thorace vix latioribus at 2} longioribus; striarum punctis

elongatis, setiferis, setis plerumque erectis brunneo-tes-

taceis. Pygidio ad apicem foveé magna impresso.

Long. 5 lin. ; lat. 23 lin.

This species is closely allied to the preceding, but is less

strongly sculptured; the form of the thorax is moreover

quite different. In the preceding species the thorax

becomes narrower a little before the posterior emargina-

tion, whereas in this species the thorax is broadest at the

anterior angle of the emargination. The elongate punc-

tures of the striz have no tubercle at their base, as in the

preceding species.

Hab.— Australia. B. M.

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 199

Mechidius sexdentatus, sp. nov.

Oblongus, sat convexus, piceus, rugosus. Capite

utrinque tridentato. Thorace confertim fortiter rugoso-

punctato, convexo, lateribus rotundatis, marginibus crenu-

latis, angulis posticis sat acutis, basi utrinque sat fortiter

sinuato. Llytris thoracis latitudini equalibus, fortiter

striato-punctatis, interstitiis irregularibus alternatim sub-

elevatis nitidis. Tibiis sat latis, fortiter tridentatis; tarsis

brevibus.

Long. 33 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

Head with the margins reflexed, rather deeply trian-

gularly emarginate in front, the sides with three strong

triangular blunt teeth. Thorax very coarsely rugosely

punctured, the intervals shining, the sides rounded in front,

moderately narrowed behind, the posterior angles are

moderately acute (but not directed outwards). The

punctures on the elytra are very strong, and the shining

tubercles at the base of the punctures encroach upon the

interstices so as to make them irregular; three of the

interstices are broader than the others and irregularly

sub-costiform. The posterior tibiz are enlarged at the

apex.

Hab.— Adelaide.

Mechidius MacLeayanus, Westw.

Oblongus, subdepressus, nigro-piceus. Capite fortiter

crebre punctato, antice emarginato, lateribus obliquis

bisinuatis. Thorace transverso, crebre fortiter punctato,

antice arcuatim angustato, pone medium paululo angus-

tato; angulis anticis prominulis obtusis, posticis acutius-

culis; basi utrinque sinuato. Llytris thorace haud latior-

ibus, postice paulo ampliatis, striato-punctatis (punctis

ovatis, singulis basi tuberculo minuto transverso instructis),

interstitiis alternatis nitidis.

Long. 44 lin.; lat. 24 lin.

The anterior margin of the head is not deeply triangu-

larly emarginate; the sides are oblique, distinctly bisinuate,

the cheeks rather broad and prominent. The thorax is

thickly punctured on the disk, but the punctures are not

crowded; the anterior angles are blunt, the sides are

gently rounded, more narrowed in front than behind the

middle; the base is gently sinuate at each side, which

makes the posterior angles slightly acute. The alternate

200 Mr. om. Waterhouse’s descriptions

interstices of the elytra are slightly less narrow than the

others, and more shining.

Hab.— East Australia. B. M.

This species resembles M. spurius, Kirby, of the first

section, but that has the head in front nearly straight; the

cheeks are less prominent, the thorax less strongly trans-

verse, and the sides are not reflexed as they are slightly i in

M. MacLeayanus, and the posterior angles are slightly

obtuse angles.

Mechidius corrosus, sp. Nov.

Oblongus, convexus, niger, rugosus. Capite rugoso,

antice triangulariter eXciso, *lateribus bene reflexis obliquis,

sat fortiter bisinuatis. Thorace convexo, fortiter creber-

rime punctato, pone medium parum angustato, lateribus

leviter rotundatis, angulis posticis fere rectis; we medio

rotundato utrinque leviter sinuato. Elytris thorace vix

latioribus, fortiter punctato-striatis, punctis basi tuberculo

transverso nitido, interstitiis 2, 4, 6 paulo latioribus

nitidis sat costatis, alteris angustis interruptis.

Long. 5} lin.; lat. 24 lin.

This species resembles Mf. MacLeayanus, but is more

convex; the sides of the head are much reflexed. The thorax

is more convex, the sides are not reflexed towards the front;

the posterior angles are nearly rectangles (not at all

acute). The sculpture of the elytra is very rugose; the

punctures are deeply impressed; the alternate interstices

are very narrow, and almost lost between the striz.

Hab.—Van Diemen’s Land. B. M.

Mechidius gracilis, sp. nov.

Elongatus, rufo-brunneus, opacus, flavo-setosus. Capite

sat plano, antice fere truncato, lateribus obliquis, vix

bisinuatis, genis angustis. Thorace leviter convexo,

longitudine duplo latiori, sat crebre fortiter punctato

(punctis flavo-setosis), antice posticeque bene angustato,

angulis anticis prominulis acutis, lateribus medio fere

angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis; basi utrinque oblique

truncato. Elytris thorace paulo latioribus, postice am-

pliatis, striato-punctatis, punctis elongatis leviter impressis,

flavo-setosis; marginibus flavo-ciliatis; singulo elytro

lineis tribus haud elevatis obscurioribus. Tibiis anticis

tridentatis.

Long. 3 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

_ ae ill

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 201

This species is very unlike all the others in the genus.

The thorax is slightly angular at the sides, the elytra are

long, and the setee which are on the surface are very dis-

tinct, and bright yellow; each elytron has three distinct

dark lines of a slightly purple-brown colour.

Hab.—Sydney. B. M.

Mechidius obscurus, rugosicollis and parvulus, de-

scribed by MacLeay, and M. Mellyanus and Raddonanus

of Westwood, are unknown to me, so that I cannot say to

which section they belong.

Lepidiota squamulata, sp. nov.

Picea, convexa, creberrime albo-squamulata. Capite

lato, convexo; clypeo transverso, antice rotundato, in

medio reflexo-emarginato. horace longitudine fere

duplo latiori, convexo, antice angustato, margine antico

vix emarginato, basi late bisinuato, angulis posticis rectis.

Scutello apice obtuso. Elytris basi thorace haud latioribus,

postice rotundato-ampliatis, convexis. Tibiis anticis fortiter

tridentatis.

Long. 134 lin.; lat. 63 lin.

Thorax closely covered with round shining scales. The

elytra very thickly covered with white scales, but not

crowded together as on the thorax. The margins of the

pygidium are reflexed.

Hab.—Swan River. B. M.

In the Musuem Collection there is a second specimen,

which has the white scales smaller than in the specimen

described, and consequently they are less close together,

LEPIDODERMA, gen. nov.

Antenne with the 3rd and 4th joints elongate and

equal; the 5th very transverse; the 6th to 10th forming

a short club, the 6th joint not quite as long as the four

following joints. No sternal process. Anterior tibi

armed with three teeth.

This genus belongs to the true Melolonthide of La-

cordaire, but differs in the antennz from any genus with

which I am acquainted. The species described below

somewhat resembles T'richolepis niveopilosa, Blanch., and

I think the genus is best placed immediately after

Lepidiota.

202 Mr. C *. Waterhouse’s descriptions

Lepidoderma albo-hirtum, sp. nov.

Oblongum, nigrum, dense albo-hirtum. Capite magno;

clypeo brevi, antice rotundato, in medio leviter reflexo-

exciso. ‘horace longitudine duplo latiori, convexo, antice

angustato, lateribus rotundatis. Scutello apice rotundato.

Iilytris basi thorace vix latioribus, postice paulo ampliatis,

ad apicem deflexis. Abdomine supra cinereo.

Long. 15 lin. ; lat. 7 lin.

Thorax more narrowed in front than behind, the base

obliquely truncate at each side, the posterior angles nearly

rectangles. The elytra are a trifle more than three times

as long as the thorax, not costate, the apex deflexed.

Legs black, sparingly covered with long yellowish hair.

Head, thorax, elytra, sides of the abdomen and the pygi-

dium densely clothed with white scale-like hair, that on

the sides of the abdomen finer. ‘The upper side of the

abdomen is clothed with fine ashy pubescence; the meta-

sternum with longer brownish pubescence.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

SERRICORNIA.

Rhipidocera mystacina, Fab.

The type specimen of this species in the Banksian

Collection has the thorax entirely clothed with white

pubescence, the abdomen maculate, and the elytra rather

roughly sculptured. The specimens from Port Bowen

agree perfectly with the type. The common form having

the thorax spotted with white, I take to be merely a

variety. The number of joints in the antennz of the

$ examples from Port Bowen varies from 22 to 34; a 9

example appears to have 18 jomts to one antenna and 19

to the other. Specimens from Swan River, which I

suppose to be &. pumilio, have black femora; one male

example has 43 joints in the antenne.

Specimens with the abdomen immaculate and with the

elytra less densely and less strongly sculptured appear to

belong toa distinct species, but I cannot satisfactorily name

it from descriptions which I have seen.

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 203

BUPRESTIDZ.

Chalcotenia elongata, sp. nov.

C. Lamberti affinis. Thorace utrinque foved ovata

subtiliter punctulaté impresso ; elytris quadricostatis, costa

tertid postice abbreviata, interstitiis costis latioribus zneis,

crebre subtiliter punctatis, ad coste tertiz apicem fovea

quadrata leviter impressa.

Long. 11 lin.; lat. 33 lin.

Elongate, olivaceous, shining. Interstices of the elytra

coppery at the base. Thorax slightly narrowed in front

of the middle, somewhat sparingly and strongly punctured ;

the impressed suture, a small spot on each side of it near

the front, and an oblong shallow fovea close to the margin

behind the middle, green; the lateral fovea finely rugulose.

Elytra a little broader than the thorax, attenuated towards

the apex, with margins towards the apex serrated. Each

elytron with four coste, the third abbreviated, the inter-

stices broader than the costz and finely punctured and

rugulose; at the apex of the abbreviated costa there is an

oblong shallow fovea, which is filled with fine white

pubescence.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

Differs from C. Lamberti in having only a single fovea

at the side of the thorax, in the greater width of the

interstices of the elytra, and in the presence of the fovea

behind the middle.

Chalcotenia quadrisignata, Saund.

The female of this differs from the male in having the

apical segment of the abdomen slightly truncate, the ¢

having a deep triangular emargination. The females

appear to be constantly larger than the males; the specimen

in the Museum Collection measures 18 lines in length.

Hab.—Port Bowen.

Chalcotenia cuprascens, sp. nov.

Elongata, convexa, nitida, cuprascens. Capite crebre,

fronte parce punctatis. Thorace postice longitudine $ lati-

ori, leviter convexo, antice paulo angustato; disco discrete

punctato, longitudinaliter fortiter canaliculato; lateribus

crebre punctatis, antice canalicula et postice fovea magna

rotundata subtiliter punctata ornatis. LElytris thorace

204 Mr. oF. Waterhouse’s descriptions

paulo latioribus, et 3} longioribus, lateribus parallelis, pos-

tice attenuatis; superne discrete punctatis; singulo elytro

foveis tribus magnis et lineis tribus latis haud profundis

impresso.

Long. 124 lin.; lat. 43 lin.

This species is closely allied to C. australasie, Saund.,

but has the under side sparingly punctured, except in the

lateral fossee of the abdomen. ‘The fovez on the thorax

and elytra are also different. Thorax narrowed in front,

broadest at the posterior angles; the disk somewhat

sparingly punctured, with two very shallow fovez near the

anterior margin; sides in front marked with an oblique

shallow channel, which runs into a deep round fovea near

the posterior angles. Each elytron with two small shallow

foveze at the base, a third on the side below the shoulder,

a large round impression on the disk before the middle, a

large triangular impression placed obliquely behind the

middle near the side; below this last there is an elongate

narrow impression reaching nearly to the apex of the

elytron; parallel with the suture there is a broad shallow

impression, and a second one close to it occupying only

the apical half of the elytron. Abdomen sparingly and

strongly punctured, except at the sides.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

Var.—Colour somewhat zneous; abdomen with only a

few punctures on the middle portions.

Hab.—North Australia. B. M.

Chaleotenia quadri-impressa, sp. Noy.

C. australasie affinis. Capite fovea elongata fortiter

impresso. Thorace antice paulo angustato, lateribus creber-

rime rug goso-punctatis, ad angulos posticos impressione haud

definita. Ely tris thorace paulo latioribus, parallelis, postice

attenuatis; singulo elytro impressionibus duabus discalibus

notato.

Long. 11 lin.; lat. 44 lin.

The head has a deep elongate fovea. Thorax gently

narrowed from the base to the front; the disk is thickly

punctured ; on each side of the suture there is an irregular,

raised, smooth, black line with one or two raised smooth

spots in front ; all the punctured portions are bright green;

at each posterior angle there is a large, shallow, ill-defined,

thickly-punctured 1 So The elytra are green, the

suture and the cost blackish and shining; one costa is

of new Coleoptera from Australia. 205

parallel to the margin, a second is somewhat oblique, and

runs from the shoulder to the apex of the elytron, a third

costa commences at the base close to the suture, and joins

the second costa some distance (+) from the apex; in the

discoidal space between these two cost are two large

shallow coppery impressions, linked together by a very

short costa; the space next the suture and that between

the 1st and 2nd mentioned costz is impressed and very

finely punctured. The abdomen is very thickly punctured,

coarsely in the middle, finely at the sides; the apical seg-

ment with a distinct triangular incision at the apex.

Hab.—North Australia. B. M.

Chalcotenia occidentalis, sp. nov.

C. australasie, Saund. affinis, at latior. Elytris pos-

tice abrupte attenuatis; marginibus ad apicem denticulis

6 vel 7 armatis.

Long. 12—144 lin.; lat. 43—54 ln.

This insect differs from C. australasie, Saund., in. being

rather less convex, rather broader, with the surface of the

elytra less rough, the spaces between the costz flat, and

very finely punctulate ; the margins have only six or seven

small teeth at the extreme apex.

Hab.—Nicol Bay, West Australia. B. M.

HETEROMERA.

Atryphodes quadridentatus, sp. nov.

Ater, depressus. Capite planato, fronte utrinque lined

brevi curvata fortiter impress4. Thorace longitudine paulo

angustiori, postice bene angustato, margine antico semi-

circulariter emarginato ; lateribus late reflexis, antice ar-

cuatim-rotundatis, ante angulos posticos in dentem parvum

triangularem ampliatis, angulis posticis acute productis ;

basi leviter emarginato; disco sub-plano, tricanaliculato.

Elytris basi thorace haud angustioribus, postice latioribus

(lateribus arcuatis), sat fortiter striatis, interstitiis alter-

natis costatis. Abdomine nitido. ‘Tarsis ferrugineis.

Long. 8 lin. ; lat. 34 lin.

This species resembles A. egerius, Pascoe, but the curious

double posterior angles to the thorax separates it from all

its congeners. The second joint of the antennz is very

small, the third is longer than the two following taken

together; the fourth to tenth joints become gradually

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART Il. (SEPT.) Q

206° Mr. GC. Pv cierhouse's descriptions, &c.

shorter and smaller, but the tenth is still not transverse ;

the apical joints are slightly ferruginous.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

PHYTOPHAGA.

CHRYSOMELID&.

Diphyllocera striata, sp. nov.

D. gemellate atfinis. Differt fronte utrinque sulcata ;

thorace antice angustato, cupreo tincto, parce fortiter

punctato ; elytris fortiter striato-punctatis ; femoribus haud

piceis.

Long. 5? lin.

This. species closely resembles D. gemellata, W estw., but

is at once distinguished by the strong striate-punctate

elytra, &c. The thorax is transverse, slightly narrowed in

Gon blackish-purple, the sides and disk with coppery

reflections ; the scattered punctures on the surface are very

strong, the anterior angles are not produced. The elytra

are dark olive colour, with the shoulders coppery; the

deep impressions, which are golden, are placed nearly as

in D. gemellata, but the hindmost lateral one is double.

There is a transverse curved coppery and golden band near

the apex of each elytron, and a second short band at the

extreme apex.

Hab.—Port Bowen. B. M.

LIST OF SPECIES.

NECROPHAGA (CucuJID’). Lepidiota squammulata, sp. noy.

Ino dimidiatus, sp. nov. | Lepidoderma albo-hirtum, gen. et

| Sp. nov.

LAMELLICORNIA (Mrtouon- | . ©

THIDA)). SERRICORNIA.

Hpholcis divergens, gen. et sp. noy.

Mechidius spurius, Kirby.

Rhipidocera mystacina, Fab.

i latus, sp. nov. BUPRESTID 4.

oe | A

» faniosan Ww. MacLeay. | Chalcotenia elongata, sp. nov.

” ongitarsis, Sp. Nov. 2 quadrisignata, Saund.

” rufus, Hope. 53 cuprascens, sp. noy.

” ater, sp. NOY. + quadri-impressa, sp.

+ brevis, sp. nov. a

” acutangulus, sp. nov. a occidentalis, sp. noy.

A excisus, Sp. Noy. :

» atratus, Burm. HETEROMERA.

ie sordidus, Boisd. Recon dvideritak

£ emarginatus, sp. nov. De ee Cee ener. Done

Y Mode an Wee PHYTOPHAGA (CuRysomE-

9 corrosus, Sp. NOY. nya.

9 gracilis, sp. nov. | Diphyllocera striata, sp. nov.

C2077")

XIII. Descriptions of some new species of short-tongued

bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille.

By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 3rd May, 1875. ]

THE following descriptions of short-tongued bees, re-

markable for the structure of the hind legs, were written

many years ago as portions of an intended monograph of

the genus Nomia of Latreille. The names which I had

applied to several of these species in the Collection of the

British Museum were introduced by Mr. F. Smith in his

‘Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects, Part I., Andrenide

and Apide,” published by the trustees of the British

Museum in 1853. Other occupations have from time to

time prevented me from completing this memoir, the

materials for which had accumulated on my hands to

an unexpected extent; amongst these the collection of

Mr. Smith himself furnished not fewer than fifteen in-

teresting species, all of which he has, with his usual

liberality, allowed me to retain to the present time. The

Hopeian Collection, including my own, and the Collection

of the Old East India House, furnished many additions.

The publication by Mr. Smith of many curious species

of bees has at length aroused these materials from their

long slumber; and I have thought it better to lay them be-

fore the Entomological Society in their present condition,

rather than to allow so many remarkable insects to remain

longer undescribed, or to be brought before the public one

by one occasionally, as has already been the case with some

of the recently recorded species of Nomia and allied bees.

The genus is not only of very large extent, but is also

very widely distributed over the earth’s surface. Species

from India, China and Ceylon,—from tropical and Southern

Africa,—from Australia and Van Diemen’s Land, and

from Brazil and Mexico,—are described below, whilst the

typical species of the genus inhabit the South of Europe ;

and various species from the islands of the Eastern Archi-

pelago have been lately described by Mr. Smith. The

following is the list of the species contained in this

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART III. (NOV.) R

208 Mr. J £t Westwood’s descriptions of

memoir, as read at the meeting of the Entomological

Society, without my being aware that Mr. Smith had

introduced some of the species into his memoir, read on

the 15th March, 1875. The descriptions, therefore, of

the ten species in the following list marked with a * have

been withdrawn :—

I. Species from Asia.

1. Nomia Buddha os sc -- India.

2. » Sykesiana ar Dukhun.

3. » _cilipes (NV. combusta, Smith). Bombay.

4, » *Hiliotii 1 Ac 35 -- India.

5. » widescens ora oe India.

6. » NSilhetica2 (N. aur ifrons,

Smith) Sc oe -- Northern India.

ie » “capitata 3 ae Northern India.

8. ,, *nasalis 4 (WV. elypeata, Smith) India.

9. » “dorsalis 5 (NN. thoracica,

Smith) ét 5h -. China.

10. 95 punctata a6 oe -. China,

ll. ,, *chalybeataé .. ae .. China.

12, » rustica .. ats ac -» Ceylon.

II. Species from Africa.

13. Nomia calida .. “6 .» Tropical Western Africa.

14, » erudelis (N. tr identata,

Smith) 5¢ 30 -- Gambia.

15. » SfulvohiriaT .. Ae -» Sierra Leone.

16. ,, . patellifera .. te -. Cape of Good Hope.

17. » *tegulata 8 aie 5C -- Port Natal.

18. » *“einerascens9 .. ore -.- Port Natal.

III. Species from Australia.

19. Nomia hemorrhoidalis (NV. gracilipes,

Smith) 46 3 -» South Australia.

20. » “enea 10 Bye oe -. Port Essington.

21. » *“marens 11 57 ae +. Wan Diemen’s Land.

1. Nomia Elliotii, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit., and in Cat. Hym. Brit.

Mus., i. p. 89; Smith, supra, p. 44.

2. Nomia Silhetica, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit., and in Cat. Hym. Brit.

Mus., i. p. 90. = Nomia aurifrons, Smith, supra, p. 43.

3. Nomia capitata, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit., and in Cat. Hym. Brit.

Mus,, i. p. 90; Smith, supra, p. 54.

4. Vomia nasalis, Westw., MS. in Mus, Brit., and in Cat. Hym. Brit.

Mus., i. p. 89. = JV. elypeata, Smith, supra, p. 54.

5. Nomia dorsalis, Westw., MS., in Mus. Brit., and in Cat. Hym. Brit.

Mus., i. p. 90. = JW. thoracica, Smith,supra, p. 45.

6. Nomia chalybeata, Westw., in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 59.

7. Nomia fulvohirta, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 68.

8. Nomia tegulata, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 69.

Varies in the colour of the stigma from fulvous buff to dark brown.

9. Nomia cinerascens, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 66.

10. Womia enea, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 63.

1]. Momia merens, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith, supra, p. 60.

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 209

IV. Species from America.

22. Nomia Kirbii .. se st Brazil.

23. » Cressoni aye ae -- Mexico.

24, » Celestina oe 56 -- Mexico.

25. yy) COT SULUS\. 6 sc oi we braze

26. Monia grisea .. ote oe -» Mexico.

Several of the species of the genus (e. g., N. Kirbit,

NN. Sykesiana) are remarkable for having the antennz

terminating in a dilated knob-like joint, giving them the

appearance of the antenne of a butterfly. Another

species, presenting the same peculiarity, differs from the

other species in the dilated tongue, and comparatively

slender and simple hind legs. These characters seem

sufficient to warrant its separation as a distinct genus, to

which I have applied the name of Monta as an anagram

of that of Nomia. Another insect, with similar antennz,

from Java, has just been described by Mr. Ritsema in the

Transactions of the Dutch Entomological Society, but

having only two submarginal cells in the forewings, the

ordinary 2nd and 3rd cells being thrown together; as

however an irregularity in the discoidal cells of the fore-

wings appears to exist, as shown in the two sides of the

figure of the insect (plate 10, fig. 4), it is possible that the

specimen represented may have been a monstrous Nomia,

having irregularly developed veins. A fourth genus, with

knobbed antenne, is described by Mr. Smith (supra, p.47).

I. Species ASIATICA.

Nomia Buddha. (PI. IV. fig. 1.)

Magna in genere, capite, occipite et parte antica

thoracis fulvo-fusco-hirtis ; facie subalbido-hirté, antennis

nigris, apice rufescentibus, abdomine nigro obscuro, seg-

mentis (nisi apicali) utrinque fascia abbreviaté marginali

albo-virescenti ; femoribus et tibiis posticis brevibus crassis,

his subtus lobo parvo obtuso armatis; tarsis posticis tibiis

fere duplo longioribus, articulo basali elongato, basi crassiori.

Long. corp. lin. 83; expans. alar. antic. lin. 134.

Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz

et Smith.

This large species is distinguished by its very short and

thick hind femora and tibiz, and the elongated joint of

the hind tarsi, thickened at the base, and gradually be-

coming thinner to the tip. The general surface of the

body is obscure, except the narrow posterior margins of

the abdominal segments; the face is clothed with whitish

210 Mr. J. * Westwood’s descriptions of

hairs, the back of the head and front of the thorax with

fulvous-brown ones; the remainder of the thorax, the

basal segment of the abdomen, and the posterior femora,

with brown hairs. The scutellum is emarginate on its

hind margin; the tegule are fulvous-brown, with the

edge paler. The abdomen is black and obscure; the

basal portion of each segment is very delicately punctate

and setose, and separated from the hind part by a trans-

verse impression, leaving the apical portion in the 3rd

and 4th segments broader than the basal part ; this hinder

part is smooth and but slightly setose, and marked on

each side with a pale, greenish-white, transverse, marginal

spot, which is of a triangular form in the 5th segment.

The mandibles are slender, black and entire, and pointed

at the tip; the maxille are small, and the tongue

elongated and densely ciliated, especially in the middle

part ; the paraglossx are rather more than half the length

of the labial palpi, slender, and pointed. The antenn

are rather short, black, with the terminal joint pitchy-red.

The legsare short; the hind femora very much thickened

and curved, entire on the under edge; the tibiz are very

short and triangular, with a black polished impression on

the outside at the extremity; on the underside they are

furnished with a small, conical, obtuse lobe ; the calcaria

are long, the inner one finely serrated, or rather clothed,

with short, erect, stiff hairs; the posterior tarsi clothed

with a thick coating of fulvous hairs on the underside ;

the wings are slightly stained with brown, the apical

margin being darkest. ‘The first recurrent vein of the

forewings enters the 2nd submarginal cell beyond the

middle, and the 2nd recurrent vein at about two-thirds

of the length of the 3rd submarginal cell. The 4th and

following segments of the abdomen on the underside are

furnished with large, rounded, ciliated plates of a remark-

able form, which want of specimens has not enabled me

to examine as completely as I could have wished.

The species differs from NV. strigata, Fabr., in the

thorax being destitute of the lateral margin of white hairs,

and in not having the abdominal segments marked with

entire pale marginal fasciz, as well as in the colours of

the feet; from WN. crassipes, Fab., it also differs in the

same respects, and in not having the hind legs spined.

PL. IV. fig. 1, Nomia Buddha rather magnified; 1a, head

seen in front; 10, ditto sideways; le, labrum; 1d, man-

dible; le, maxilla detached; 1f, ditto in situ; 1g, lower

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 211

lip and tongue; 1h, hind leg; 12, ventral view of the

abdomen of the male.

Nomia Syhesiana. (P1. IV. fig. 2.)

Capite nigro, griseo-setoso, linea’ setarum albidarum

utrinque inter oculos et antennas, his fulvis, basi et articulo

apicali dilatato nigris ; thorace fulvo-setoso, abdomine nigro,

fasciis 5 marginalibus in medio interruptis albis; pedibus

posticis castaneis, albido-setosis, femoribus dilatatis ; tibiis

brevibus, subtrigonis, angulo interno apicali acuminato,

supra excavato, margine supero excavationis angulato,

tarsis elongatis.

Long. corp. lin. 5; expans. alar. antic. lin. 9.

Habitat in India Orientali (Col. Sykes). In Mus.

Indico Orientali, Lond.

This species is distinguished by having the terminal

joint of the fulvous antennz black and dilated into a

flattened knob, and by the interrupted white fasciz of the

abdomen. The head is clothed with short brownish-grey

hairs, with a line of whitish hairs on each side of the face

between the antennz and eyes. The antenne are quite

filiform, except the terminal dilated jomt. The thorax

is clothed with brown hairs, those of the anterior part

being of a more fulvous hue ; the scutellum is simple and

convex ; the tegulz are kidney-shaped and fulvous-brown,

with a slender, pale, raised edge. The abdomen is much

larger than the thorax; it is very delicately and closely

punctured and finely setose, each segment having a deep

transverse central impression, the hind part of each

segment being smoother and marked with a transverse

white fascia interrupted in the middle. The wings are

slightly stained with brown, having the terminal por-

tion, beyond the cells, reddish-brown. The two re-

current veins join the second and third submarginal cells

at two-thirds of the length of their under sides. The hind

femora are short and strongly dilated, the under edge not

dentate, but with a longitudinal impression; the hind

tibize are short and nearly trigonate, the inner apical angle

produced and acute; the upper edge between the apex and

the base of the tarsi with an impressed space, the upper

angle of which is produced upwards. The hind tarsi are

much elongated.

Pl. LV. fig. 2, Nomia Sykesiana magnified; 2a, an-

tenna; 24, hind tibia and basal joint of the tarsus seen

more laterally than in the figure of the insect.

212 Mr. J. so Westwood’s descriptions of

Nomia aurifrons.

Nomia aurifrons, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1875),

p- 43 (2).

(N. Silhetica, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit., and in Cat.

Hym. Brit. Mus., i. p. 90.)

Mr. Smith having described the female only, the follow-

ing description of the male is here given :—

Male less elongated than either NV. Llloti or iridescens.

Head black, glossy, strongly punctate behind the an-

tenn ; face densely clothed with pubescent, decumbent

hairs. Mandibles and antenne pitchy, the latter redder

in the middle. Thorax black above, opake, thickly and

closely punctate, and clothed with very short, brown, erect

hairs; sides before the wings with a patch of luteo-

fulvous hairs, with which also the post-scutellum (des-

titute of spines) is thickly clothed. Abdomen elongate-

ovate above, opake, and entirely covered with very fine

close punctures, the first and followmg segments having

a broad apical margin of short decumbent fulvous hairs,

which increase in width in the apical segments; the first

seement also with the basal part clothed with very short

luteous hairs. Abdomen beneath flat; the 2nd, 3rd and

4th segments with an apical band of fine greyish hairs ;

the 5th somewhat raised on each side into a low tubercle ;

the 6th very small and divided down the middle. Legs

fulvous; the femora pitchy-black, except at the tips;

femora and tibie of the hind legs not thicker, but less

hairy, than those of the female. Wings slightly stained,

with the tips rather darker; veins and stigma pale fulvous ;

first recurrent vein inserted between the middle and hinder

angle of the 2nd submarginal cell.

Female with the face slightly clothed with greyish-buff

hairs. Abdomen considerably broader than in the male.

Nomia combusta. (Pl. LV. fig. 3.)

Nomia combusta, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1875),

p. 56, pl. ii. fig. 9 (posterior leg).

(XN. cilipes, Westw., MS. in Mus. Ind. Orient. Lond., and

in the MS. of this Memoir.)

Facie, occipite, et thoracis dorso setis fulvis brevissimis

obsitis; scutello inermi, abdomine nigro, dorso fulvo-setoso,

cingulis quinque apiceque fulvis, antennis pedibusque fulvo-

flavescentibus, tarsis anticis parum dilatatis et externe

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 213

longe ciliatis; femoribus posticis clavatis, tibiis brevibus

curvatis, sensim dilatatis, apice intus acuminato dilatato.

Long. corp. lin. 44; expans. alar. antic. lin. 74.

Habitat in India Orientali, Dukhun, Bombay. In

Mus. Ind. Orientali Lond. et Smith.

Pl. LV. fig. 3, Nomia combusta magnified ; 3a, hind leg.

Nomia iridescens.

Gracilis, nigra, tenuissime punctatissima, griseo parum

setosa; post-scutello inermi, abdominis segmentis 2—5

postice anguste viridi-iridescenti annulatis, pedibus posticis

maris vix incrassatis. (Mas et fem.)

Long. corp. lin. 5; expans. alar. antic. lin. 8.

Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Britann.

A slender species. Upper surface black, and through-

out very closely but delicately punctured, and but slightly

clothed with griseous hairs; face with a fine central carina.

Antenne and mandibles black ; the latter pitchy at the

tips. Thorax black; the punctures rather larger than

those of the head. Scutellum and post-scutellum simple.

Tegule dirty buff, black at the base. Abdomen of the

male narrow, convex, black, with the transverse impres-

sions slight, and with fine black hairs, the space between

the hinder one of each segment and the hind margin

polished ; the second and three following segments with

a slender edge of iridescent green. Abdomen beneath

flattened, pitchy, the scales of the fourth segment pro-

duced and angulated in the middle, extending nearly to

the anus, divided longitudinally down the middle. Legs

black ; tarsi pitchy. Hind femora of the male but slightly

incrassated, slightly curved; tibize also but slightly in-

crassated and curved, the outer apical angle rounded off,

the inner one not produced. Wings slightly stained, the

tips scarcely darker than the base; veins dark brown, the

first recurrent vein inserted about the middle of the second

submarginal cell.

Female shorter and more robust; legs black, tibiz and

tarsi clothed with pitchy hairs; abdomen with the band

on the fifth segment obliterated.

Nomia punctata,

Nigra, subnitida, rude punctata, facie et marginibus

thoracis griseo-setosis, post-scutello spinis duabus armato,

abdominis segmentis paullo constrictis, segmentis 2—5

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART II. (NOV.) S

214 Mr. J nol Westwood’s descriptions of

margine postico tenui viridi; pedibus nigris, femoribus

posticis maris incrassatis curvatis, tibiis curvatis, com-

pressis, apice interno intus producto, et oblique truncato ;

alis limpidis. (Mas et fem.)

Long. corp. lin. 5; expans. alar. lin. 8.

Habitat in China. In Mus. Britann.

Black, strongly punctured on the upper side; face and

sides of the thorax sparingly clothed with fine grey hairs.

Antenne black, terminal joimt pitchy. Thorax above

black, strongly punctured, the entire margins sparingly

clothed with grey hairs; mesonotum with a fine, central,

simple impressed line down the centre and a shorter one on

each side of it in front, and an abbreviated one on each

side, close to the tegule ; scutellum on each side produced

into a small angulated tubercle; post-scutellum armed

with two reflexed spines; abdomen black, shining, dorsal

segments with a deep transverse impression, the basal por-

tion of each strongly punctured, the hinder portion smooth

and polished, finely setose; the 2nd and three following

segments marked with a slender, green-blue, transverse

fascia; tegule black, glossy, with a slender whitish mar-

gin; legs black; tarsi pitchy, sparingly clothed with

ereyish-buff sete ; the basal joint of the tarsi more thickly

setose ; hind femur of the male incrassated, very gibbose

on the upper side in the middle, slightly concave beneath ;

hind tibie elongate, triangular, roundly curved along the

outer edge, the inner one str aighter, the inner angle pitchy -

red and considerably produced, and obliquely truncate

close behind the tibial spurs. Fourth ventral plate of the

male nearly flat, with a slight impressed line down the

middle, terminal segments deeply impressed, the edges

with a thick row of incurved hairs. Wings nearly colour-

less, with the first recurrent vein running into the middle

of the 2nd submarginal cell.

Nomia rustica.

Nigra, subtilissime punctata, abdomine levi (segmenti

2di basi tantum punctato), griseo parum setosa, post-

scutello inermi, abdominis seomentis 2do—5to margine pos-

tico tenui albo, pedibus posticis subsimplicibus. ( Mas.)

Long. corp. lin. 3; expans. alar. lin. 54.

Habitat Ceylon. From the Collection of Mr. Cuming.

In Mus. Britann.

Face not carinated, finely punctured, slightly clothed

with short grey hairs at the side. Antenne rather short,

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 215

brown, basal joint black. Thorax black, very delicately

and closely punctured, very slightly clothed with short

grey hairs; post-scutellum unarmed ; abdomen ovate, sub-

convex, black, nearly smooth, slightly setose ; 2nd seg-

ment with the basal portion preceding the first transverse

impression rather coarsely but widely punctured, hinder

edge of this and three following segments white; beneath

flat, glossy, very finely punctured, 4th seement with the

hind margin straight; 5th very small, forming two

rounded, flattened lobes in the middle. Legs black, hind

femora simple, slightly thickened in the middle, on the

under-side, which is convex; hind tibia of ordinary length,

elongate, subtriangular, the inner apical angle produced

into a short conical point, hind tibiz very slender. Wings

stained yellowish-brown. Stigma brown, veins black, the

Ist recurrent vein in a line with the outer edge of the

2nd submarginal cell.

II. Specres AFRICANA.

Nomia calida. (Pl. LV. fig. 4.)

N. nigra, opaca, fusco breviter pubescens, facie aureo-

sericanti; antennis brunneis, subtus fulvis; tegulis fulvis;

abdomine aureo-flavescenti, 5-annulato, apiceque conco-

lori; pedibus fulvo-flavis, femoribus posticis inflatis, basi

fuscis, dente parvo ultra medium marginis externi et inferi

armatis, tibiis trigonis, angulo interno apicali acuminato ;

alis parum fuscis, fulvo-tinctis, venis fulvescentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 5 ; expans. alar. antic. lin. 8.

Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz

(olim nostr.).

The bright, golden-yellow fasciz of the abdomen at

once distinguish this species, which is of moderate size,

and clothed with very short pubescence, being destitute of

gloss; this pubescence on the face is very thick, and of a

pale-golden colour ; on the top of the head and thorax it

is browner. ‘The abdomen has the hind margin of each

segment of a fulvous-yellow colour, as is also the apex.

The antennz are of moderate length, with the second joint

distinct ; the mandibles are entire (fig. 4b) ; the tongue is

considerably elongated (fig. 4c); the legs are fulvous-

yellow, the hind femora moderately swollen and pubes-

cent, with the basal half dark brown, having a small tooth

on the outer under edge beyond the middle; the hind

tibize are yellow, with a small dusky patch on the outside,

8 2

216 Mr. J ©. Westwood’s descriptions of

near the base; they are subtrigonate, rather curved, the

inner apical angle being produced to a point ; the tarsi are

elongated, the basal joint moderately dilated, with the

sides: parallel, and about as long as the remainder of the

tarsal joints united. ‘The wings are brownish, with the

veins fulvous; the stigma brown.

Pl. LV. fig. 4, A. calida magnified; 4a, antenna;

4b, mandible; 4c, tongue and labial palpi; 4d, terminal

segments of the abdomen beneath; 4e, hind lee.

Nomia tridentata, (PI. LV. fig. 5.)

Nomia tridentata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1875),

p. 64, pl. i. fig. 10 (posterior leg).

(= Nomia crudelis, Westw., MS., ante, p. 208.)

Nigra, capite et thorace pubescentia densa lutescenti

indutis, facie subalbidé, antennis castaneis, abdomine

nigro, luteo-setoso, marginibus seementorum luridis aut

luteo-griseis, setis magis fulvis; femoribus posticis valde

incrassatis, fere globosis, subtus dentibus tribus acutis

armatis ; tibius elongato-trigonis, angulo interno apicali

longe elongato, apice acuto.

Long. corp. lin. 43; expans. alar. antic. lin. 74.

Habitat Gambia, Afric. tropic. In Mus. Britann.,

Hopeiano Oxoniz et Smith.

Pl. IV. fig. 5, Nomia tridentata magnified; 5a, the

hind leg.

Nomia patellifera. (PI. LV. fig. 6.)

Nigra, opaca, cinereo-setosa, facie lutescenti setosa,

abdominis segmentis tenue albido-marginatis ; femoribus

tiblisque castaneis basi et apice pallidioribus, tarsis anticis in

patellam magnam planam albam dilatatis, femoribus posticis

clavatis, subtus dente parvo unico armatis; tibiis medio-

eriter dilatatis, angulo interno apicali elongato acumi-

nato. (Mas.)

Long. corp. lin. 5; expans. alar. antic. lin. 9.

Habitat apud Promont. Bonz Spei. In Mus. Smith.

The curiously dilated anterior tarsi of the male are quite

characteristic of this species, which is rather slender and

delicately punctured; the face is thickly clothed with

dull-luteous hairs; the antennze are slender and black,

pitchy beneath ; the thorax is ovate, obscure black, with

the sutures tinged with brown ; the scutellum simple ; the

tegulz are dark brown; the metathorax clothed with grey

hairs; the abdomen is elongate-obovate, finely punctured,

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 217

black, with the transverse impressed line of each segment

quite close to its posterior margin, which is narrowly

white and slightly constricted, the constricted part being

much more delicately punctured; the four anterior legs

are fulvous beneath, with a brown shade above along the

middle; the fore tarsi are white, with the ungues and

pulvillus conspicuously black; the hind femora are pitchy,

more fulvous at the base and beneath; the tibiz pale

whitish, dusky in the middle ; the basal joint of the four

posterior tarsi is whitish, the remainder of the joints

pitchy, with whitish hairs; the wings are slightly stained,

the extremity darker brown and the stigma black; the

first recurrent vein of the forewings arises near the ex-

tremity of the second discoidal cell, and the second recur-

rent vein a little beyond the middle of the third discoidal

cell: the abdomen beneath is pitchy, with broad grey

margins to the segments.

Pl. IV. fig. 6, Nomia patellifera magnified; 6a, an-

terior tarsus; 6d, terminal joint of ditto; 6c, hind leg;

6d, extremity of the underside of the abdomen.

III. Species AUSTRALASIATICZ.

Nomia gracilipes. (Pl. V. fig. 1.)

Nomia gracilipes, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1875),

p. ol;

(Nomia hemorrhoidalis, Westw., MS., ante, p. 208.)

Elongata, gracilis, nigra, capite et thorace fusco-

villosis, facie infera albo-villos4, thorace fasciculis parvis

setarum albarum ornato, abdomine nigro apice fulvo, mar-

ginibus segmentorum cyaneis; segmentis tribus basalibus

utrinque fascia abbreviata setarum albarum ; pedibus pos-

ticis elongatis, paullo incrassatis. (Mas.)

Long. corp. lin. 5; expans. alar. antic. lin. 9.

Habitat in Australasiz partibus australibus. In Mus.

Smith.

IV. Species AMERICAN.

Nomia Kirbii. (Pl. V. fig. 2.)

Nomia Kirbii, Westw., MS. in Mus. Brit.; Smith,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3rd Ser. Vol. 2, p. 398,

pl. xxi. fig. 5 (antenna), and Vol. 1875, p. 69, pl. 1.

fig. 19, 20 & (antenna and posterior leg).

Nigra, crebre punctatissima, piceo-pubescens, an-

tennis articulo apicali, capitulo rotundato compresso, fe-

moribus intermediis crassis, dente obtuse subbasali infero ;

218 Mr. J. @Westwood’s descriptions of

tarsis intermediis articulo basali in medio supra angulato-

dilatato, femoribus posticis mediocribus, tibiis crassis sub-

trigonis, apice infero producto. (Mas. )

Long. corp. lin. 83; expans. alar. antic. lin, 16.

Habitat in Brasilia (Karby, MS.). In Mus. Britan.

(olim Kirby).

To this species, which was unique in the collection of

the Rev. W. Kirby, was attached a note, ‘ Gen. N. inter

Andrenam et Panurgum, ¢ sed pollinifer [!] ex tibiis

posticis. Mus. Norvic. Brasilia.” At the sale of the

Entomological Society’s collection the specimen passed

to the British Museum, where it still remains unique.

Entirely black, clothed with short sooty-black hairs; the

face on each side more thickly clothed with hair, the

back of the head finely punctate and nearly naked ; the

antenn are rather shorter than the thorax, the basal joint

strongly setigerous, the second joint distinct, the last joint

dilated and flattened into a rounded capitulum; the thorax

is nearly round, with large tegulz finely setose; the meso-

notum opake and closely punctured; the metathorax glossy,

with a central deep longitudinal impression and a trans-

verse basal impression deeply and closely punctured; the

wings are stained with brown and glossy ; the abdomen

is elongate-obovate, finely and closely punctured, each

segment with a transverse impression beyond the middle :

the middle femora are thickened and compressed, with an

obtuse dentate lobe near the base beneath; the posterior

femora are thickened but unarmed; the posterior tibice

much dilated, forming a trigonate mass, with the inferior

inner angle produced into an obtuse tooth; the basal joint

of the posterior tarsi is much elongated and setose, espe-

cially on its under edge; the first recurrent vein of the

forewings is received at about two-thirds of the length

of the second submarginal cell.

Pl. V. fig. 2, Nomia Kirbii magnified; 2a, maxilla

and its palpus equal-jointed ; 20, labium and tongue ;

2c, antenna; 2d, hind foot; 2e, terminal segments of

male abdomen.

Nomia Cressont. (Pl. V. fig. 3.)

N. nigra, punctata, subnitida, fuscescenti-villosa; antennis

longis, apice gracillimis, tegulis piceis glabris; abdomine

oblongo, segmentis 2—5 margine postico glabris, opalino-

vir escentibus; femoribus posticis brevibus, valde incrassatis,

subglobosis ; ‘tibiis brevissimis, subconicis, crassis, angulo

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 219

interno apicali late producto et albido, tarsis posticis

articulo basali maximo, compresso, fulvescenti.

Long. corp. ¢ lin. 84; expans. alar. antic. lin. 15.

Habitat in Mexico (D. Coffin, Hym. No. 96). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxoniz (olim nostr.).

This is one of the finest and largest species of the genus,

remarkable for the length of the male antenne, which

are gradually attenuated beyond the middle, and termi-

nated in an acute point; they are black at the base and

on the upper side, but fulvous-brown beneath and at the tip,

the second joint is scarcely visible, the face is clothed with

greyish-luteous hairs. The mandibles are elongate-conic,

pointed at the tip, with a strong conical tooth in the

middle of the upper edge; the labrum is short, rounded in

front, and ciliated ; the maxillary palpi are scarcely larger

than the labial. The thorax is short and nearly rounded ;

the pubescence of the front part being more luteous than

that of the posterior portion; the scutellum is short and

entire, but with a longitudinal central impression; the

abdomen is elongate-ovate, punctured, and moderately

clothed with blackish hairs; each segment has a strong

transverse impression beyond its middle, the hinder por-

tion of each being smooth and of a beautiful opaline-

green colour in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th segments, the

pale-coloured margin in the last segment being attenuated

on each side; the hind femora are short, and very much

incrassated, especially on the upper side, but destitute of

spines on the under side; the tibiz are very short and

thick, the inner angle being produced into a thick, obtuse

lobe, concave within (the two calcaria arising within the

excavation), and of a dirty-white or buff colour, which is

also the colour of the basal joint of the posterior tarsi,

which is much elongated and broadly compressed, widest at

its base, the mner edge being slightly concave, so as to

give the idea of its being a pollinigerous corbicula. The

2nd and 3rd ventral segments are divided by a straight,

central, longitudinal impression into two flattened opaque

lobes in the middle of each joint, the sides being strongly

setose; the first recurrent vein arises at about two-thirds of

the length of the 2nd submarginal cell, and the second

recurrent vein at about three-fourths of the length of the

3rd submarginal cell. The female has simple black an-

tenne, simple legs, the hind ones not corbiculated, and

only three green fasciz on the abdomen.

Pl. V. fig. 3, Nomia Cressonz, male, slightly enlarged ;

220 Mr. J. @#FWestwood’s descriptions of

3a, the face and antenna; 34, labrum; 3c and 3d, man-

dibles; 3e, maxilla; 3f, labium and tongue; 3g, 3h and

32, the hind leg and its tibia in different points of view.

Closely allied to Momia Nortoni of Cresson (Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. I. No. 4, p. 385), but the male of

that insect is described as having three long acute spines

on the inner edge of the excavation of the posterior tibia,

which is not the case with my species, of which I have

received several examples of both sexes.

Nomia celestina. (Pl. V. fig. 4.)

Leete purpureo-cerulea, crebre punctatissima, capite

et thorace fulvo-hirtis, metathorace et abdominis basi

griseo-hirtis; antennis nigris, subtus piceis, pedibus flavis,

femoribus basi eneis, posticis supra viridi-nitidis, incras-

satis; tibiis crassis, tarsis posticis articulo basali crasso com-

presso, subtus biemarginato, ( Mas.)

Long. corp. lin. 6; expans. alar. antic. lin. 10.

Habitat in Mexico (D. Coffin, Hym. No. 94). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxoni (olim nostr.).

This very elegant species is of a rich purple-blue colour,

very finely and closely punctured, the head and thorax

thickly clothed with fulvous hairs, except the hind portion

of the latter, in which the hairs are of a greyer colour, as

they are also on the base of the abdomen and upper side

of the hind femora; the anterior margin of the upper lip

and the mandibles are clear yellow; the antenne are black

above, but pitchy-red beneath ; they are short, with the

2nd joint distinct; the tegule are of moderate size, the

abdomen ovate, each segment above having a transverse

raised ridge of a black colour beyond the middle, the pos-

terior margin of each segment being glabrous; the lees

are short and yellow-coloured, and the femora and tibie in

all the legs marked above and at the sides with dark

zeneous or purple; the posterior femora are much swollen

and slightly angulated near the base of the under edge;

the hind tibiz are regularly clavate, with the calearia

scarcely visible; the hind tarsi have the basal joint broad

and compressed, with a long shallow emargination along

the middle of its under edge, and with a much deeper

and smaller one at the extremity of the same edge; the

first recurrent vein in the forewings is received at about

two-thirds of the length of the 2nd submarginal cell, and

the second recurrent vein at about three-fourths of the

3rd submarginal cell. The underside of the terminal ven-

short-tongued bees of the genus Nomia. 221

tral segments have the hairs arranged to form a semicircle

in each.

Pl. V. fig. 4, WV. celestina magnified; 4a, hind foot;

4b, terminal segments of the abdomen.

Nomia tarsalis. (Pl. V. fig. 5.)

Parva, nigra, subopaca, crebre punctatissima, griseo-

setosa, labro et mandibulis extus albidis, tegulis tarsisque

brunneis, pedibus posticis incrassatis, tarsorum articulo

basali in medio spina acuta armato, segmentis abdominali-

bus apice tenue albido-setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 33; expans. alar. antic. lin. 64.

Habitat in Brasilia (Hon. D. Ellis). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz (olim Curtis, Saunders et nostr.).

This little bee is at once distinguished by the structure

of the basal joint of the posterior tarsi; it is black, finely

punctured, and moderately clothed with grey pubescence ;

the small square upper lip, and outside of the mandibles,

dirty white; the antenne are black; the abdomen is

ovate, being gradually pointed to the tip, convex, and

with the transverse impression near the extremity of each

dorsal segment scarcely defined, the apical margin being

glossy and sparingly clothed with a row of short grey

hairs. The legs are black, with the tibize and _ tarsi

pitchy: the hind femora more chestnut on the inside ;

these are swollen above, and with a broad dilatation near

the base on the underside ; the posterior tibiz are clavate,

slightly excavated and setose on the inner edge between

the middle and extremity; the basal joint of the hind

tarsi is two-thirds of the length of the tibia, compressed,

with a deep emargination on its underside between the

middle and apex ; its upper angle produced into a sharp

tooth.

Pl. V. fig. 5, Nomia tarsalis magnified; 5a, the hind leg.

— >. Monta, nov. gen.

Mandibule parvee graciles, dente interno instructe.

Maxillz elongate, palpo 6-articulato.

Mentum gracile, subcylindricum, lingua apice lato

bifido, membranaceo-setoso, utrinque lobo laterali instructa.

Palpi labiales minuti, 4-articulati. . Antenne articulo

lmo parvo, apicali in mare dilatato compresso. Pedes

postici satis graciles, tibia intus dense setosa; tarsi graciles.

Cellulee submarginales 2da et 3tia in alis anticis fere

eequales.

222 Mr. J. O. Wigtwood’s descriptions of bees, §c.

Monia grisea. (PI. V. fig. 6.)

Tota nigra, subnitida, griseo-setosa, punctata, antennis

subtus luteis, abdomine segmentis dorsalibus pone medium

impressione transversi notatis, parte pone impressionem

in singulo, fascia e setis griseis formata, notata.

Long. corp. lin. 4; expans. alar. lin. 73.

Habitat Mexico, prope Piedad Road (D. Coffin, Hym.

No. 250). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz (olim nostr.).

This bee is of small size, black, glossy, punctate, and

more or less sparingly clothed with grey hairs in different

parts, especially on the lower part of the face and the

sides and hind part of the thorax. The antenn are

slender, and nearly as long as the head and thorax ; black

above, but pitchy-red beneath, with the basal joint short,

and the terminal one dilated into a flattened, glossy,

lozenge-shaped capitulum. The tegule are of moderate

size. The scutellum is entire. The abdomen ovate,

convex, with the ordinary transverse impression near the

posterior margin of each segment. The hind legs are

simple; the tibiz elongate, with long hairs on the inner

edge, and with two long calcaria; the tarsi of the hind

lees are simple and finely setose. The 2nd submarginal cell

is nearly as large as the 3rd, being angulated at its basal

side, the Ist recurrent vein being received at about the

middle of its length; the 3rd submarginal cell is much

narrowed in front, with the 2nd recurrent vein arising at

a little distance beyond the middle of its hind margin.

Pl. V. fig. 6, Monta grisea magnified ; 6a, mandible ;

6), maxilla; 6c, mentum and tongue apparently destitute

of paraglossze.

Description of the Plates.

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Nomia Buddha.

2. » Sykesiana.

3. » combusta.

4, » calida.

5. » tridentata.

6. , patellifera.

PLATE V.

Fig. 1. Nomia gracilipes.

2. ,» Kirbii.

3. y»- Cresson.

4. » celestina.

5 » tarsalis.

6. Monia grisea.

( 223 )

XIV. Descriptions of new Heteromerous Coleoptera.

By J. O. WEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 5th July, 1875. ]

Family BLAPSID 2.

Genus Mouuris.

Moluris (Phanerotoma) Rowleiana, Westw. Proc. Ent.

bee. ard.Ser. Vol. 2, Proc.*p. 2. CPL VI. fig. 1.)

Habitat Zambesi (D. Rev. H. Rowley). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie et Mus. Brit.

Long. capitis 12 lin.; prothoracis lin. 6; elytrorum lin.

15; lat. prothoracis ante medium 73 lin.; lat. elytrorum

paullo ante medium ln. 8}.

This species is about the same size as M. Bertolini of

Guérin-Méneville, but is less attenuated in the hind part

of the elytra. It is obscure black, finely and closely

punctured on the head and thorax; the latter is moderately

convex, dilated at the sides, which are widest rather before

the middle; the anterior and lateral margins are very

slightly raised. The elytra are entirely clothed with dull

luteous pile, except the suture and four cost on each,

which are raised, black and glossy; the first of these

costze extend to about two-thirds of the length of the

elytra, the second, third and fourth are gradually longer,

‘and are united together at their hind extremities. The

legs are of moderate length, the anterior tibis terminate

in a broad calear obtusely and obliquely truncate (fig. 1a).

The outer apical angle of the tibiz is rounded off, the

hind tibiz are curved, the outer apical angle being out-

wardly produced.

The underside of the abdomen in our specimens is

destitute of hairs.

Moluris (Phanerotoma) gravida. (PI. VI. fig. 2.)

Nigra, subopaca, prothorace striolato-punctato, dorso

convexo, lateribus rotundatis; elytris magnis, oblongo-

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART III. (NOV.)

224 Mr. J. @MWestwood’s descriptions of

ovatis, coriaceis, irregulariter et oblique subimpressis versus

basin, disco costis tribus mediocriter elevatis et subobscuris,

disco minutissime et confertissime punctatis, versus apicem

setis griseo-rufis parum obsitis.

Long. capitis lin. 2; prothoracis lin. 6; elytrorum lin.

17; lat. prothoracis ad basin lin. 6}; lat. elytrorum in

medio lin. 11.

Habitat Damara Land Africz meridionalis (D. An-

derson). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz et Mus. Brit.

This species is larger and much more robust than the

preceding or M. Bertolinii. The head is finely punctured,

with a raised swelling between the eyes; the prothorax is

very convex, the sides regularly rounded, the greatest

width being slightly before the middle; the disc is entirely

covered with minute but irregular elongated punctures,

which give it a granular appearance within the posterior

lateral angles; the sides are also swollen. The elytra are

broadly oblong-ovate, being broader across the middle;

black towards the apex, clothed with dirty-reddish setz ;

near the base and towards the place of the scutellum they

are irregularly and obliquely rugose, with indistinct striole,

with a short costa, and the dise of each has three broad

and but moderately well-defined coste, which extend

about three-fourths of the length of the elytra. The

posterior tibise have the outer angle elongated and obtuse.

All the ventral segments of the abdomen are clothed with

a broad patch of erect rufous hairs.

Moluris Procrustes. (PI. VI. fig. 3.)

Nigra, minutissime punctatissima; elytris ovatis, mar-

ginatis, basi glabris, nitidis; mesonoto supra detecto, con-

vexo et punctato; pedibus mediocribus, crassis; tibiis anticis

calcari elongato gracili, apice obtuso; tibiis posticis curvatis,

angulo externo apicali producto et oblique truncato.

Long. corp. lin. 19; pronot. lin. 53; elytr. lin. 13;

elytr. lat. ante medium lin. 8.

Habitat Delagoa Bay Africee meridionalis. In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxoniz.

The head and pronotum are finely and closely punctured ;

the latter is very convex, regularly rounded at the sides,

which are finely marginated, the greatest width being

across the middle, with the posterior angles rounded off,

and two slight impressions near the hind margin; the

exposed part of the mesonotum in the place of a broad

new Hleteromerous Coleoptera. 225

scutellum is strongly punctured; the extreme base of the

elytra is raised towards the suture and glossy, the remainder

being very finely and minutely granulose-punctate; the

sides are margined, and on the dise of each are very faint

traces of two. longitudinal striz; the anterior tibiz are

broad, slightly curved and flattened, with a longitudinal

impression on the upper side ; the terminal calcar is

elongated, narrow and rounded at the tip; the hind tibiz

are rather curved, with the outer apical angle considerably

and broadly produced and truncate. The body beneath

is black, polished and punctured, the middle part of each

ventral segment being densely covered with minute punc-

tures and clothed with pitchy-brown, velvet-like plush, less

distinct on the terminal segment; the prosternum between

the anterior coxe has its lateral margins thin and slightly

raised, and with a slender smooth impressed line down

the middle.

Family MYLABRIDZ?

Genus Ruysopina, Westw. MSS., Chevrolat in Ann.

Soc. Ent. France, 1873, p. 205 (Rhyzodina).

Insectum valde anomalum, antennis valde difformibus,

pronoto et elytris alte costatis coriaceis, illo lateribus in

medio angulato productis, his transverso-sulcatis. Caput

verticale, subquadratum, medio depressum, bituberculatum,

ante oculos in lobos duos elevatos suboblique truncatos

formatum, in quo antice insident antenne forme omnino

insolite ; 8-articulate, longitudine capitis et dimidii pro-

noti, articulo 1mo crasso obtrigono, angulo supero extus

producto, articulis 2ndo, 3tio, 4to, 5to et 7mo transversis

prismaticis utrinque acute angulatis; 6to ovali, basi

glabro, dimidio apicali spongioso; 7mo 8vo minori, hoc

acetabuliformi, apice tumido; reliquis apicalibus deteritis.

Oculireniformes, transversi. Labrum parvum, transversum,

vix emarginatum, angulis anticis lateralibus rotundatis,

intus membrana setigera vestitum ultra marginem anticum

extensa. Mandibule breves, trigone, apice in unguem

arcuatum acutum integrum terminate. Maxille parve,

lobis duobus inermibus setosis instructe ; palpi maxillares

breves, crassi, articulo ultimo reliquis longiori et crassiori ;

mentum obconicum, basi truncatum, angulis anticis

rotundatis; labium minutum, transversum, brevitersetosum ;

palpi labiales 3-articulati, articulo 2ndo reliquis crassiori,

semiovali. Prothorax oblongus, antice et postice sub-

226 Mr. J. om Westwood’s descriptions of

truncatus, lateribus in medio angulato-productis; dorso

bicostato: prosternum planum, inter pedes anticos angus-

tatum, postice dilatatum. Scutellum minutum. LElytra

rigida, oblonga, pronoto multo latiora, lateribus parallelis,

apice ‘rotundata 3 singulo bicostato, costis rectis spatiis

intermediis transverse sulecatis. Mesosternum medio ad

basim carinato, inter pedes intermedios dilatatum, planum,

et in medio sulcatum. Metasternum subquadratum,

utrinque ad basin sulco obliquo pro femora intermedia

recipiendo, spatio inter coxas posticas lato, emarginato.

Abdomen 5-articulatum ; articulis duobus basalibus bicos-

tatis, 3tio et 4to in medio marginis postici tuberculo semi-

rotundo instructis, 5to semicirculari. Pedes modice

elongati, graciles, compressi, tibiis omnibus inter basin et

medium intus paullo dilatatis; tarsis heteromeris, articulis

simplicibus spmulosis ; ungues simplices.

Obs.—Primo intuitu hoe insectum singulare ad genus

Rhysodem appropinquat, tarsis autem heteromeris facile

distinguitur. Inter Heteromera locus ejus difficilime

invenitur. Pronoto et elytris costatis Adelostomam,

antennisque difformibus Sarrotrium nec non Mylabrides

nonnullas simulat.

Rhysodina Mniszechii, W estw., Chevrolat.

Gel vale fie. 4.)

Terteo-nigra, parum grisescens, opaca, capite punctato,

antice coronato et biangulato, tuberculo parvo bifido inter

oculos instructo, vertice in medio sulcato ; pronoto trans-

versim aciculato; elytris latitudine plus duplo longiori-

bus, bicostatis, interstitiis inter costas striis duabus

punctorum, sino parvis transversis impressis notatis.

Long. corp. lin. 45.

Habitat in Aby ssinia. In Mus. Com. Mniszechii,

Family HELOPIDZE?

Genus DERIDEA.

Genus Nemognatham primo intuitu simulans, at tar-

sorum unguibus simplicibus (et inde ad familiam diversam

pertinens) differt.

Caput elongatum, horizontale, subrostratum, postice in

collum breve angustum terminatum. Oculi laterales.

Labrum porrectum, subquadratum, ciliatum, angulis anticis

rotundatis. Mandibulz elongate, cornex, apice arcuate,

new Heteromerous Coleoptera. 227

acute, intus membrana elongata instructs. Maxille basi

elongatze, lobo apicali brevi, transverse setoso, lobo interno

haud producto. Palpi maxillares elongati, articulo 1mo

brevissimo, 3tio brevi, 2ndo et 4to elongatis, hoc compresso,

apice suboblique truncato. Mentum crateriforme. Labium

elongatum, profunde emarginatum, ciliatum. Palpi labiales

graciles, articulis tribus fere squalibus, ultimo graciliori.

Antennz capite vix longiores graciles, apice parum in-

crassate. Prothorax glaberrimus, conoideus, ante medium

parum constrictus. Elytra parum elongata, apice rotundata,

basi thorace multo latiora, parum rugosa. Pedes satis

graciles, tarsis elongatis, simplicibus ; unguibus longis,

simplicibus.

Deridea Curculionides, Westw. (Pl. VIL. fig. 4.)

Nigra, nitida, elytris fulvo-luteis, apice late nigris, nitidis,

parum rugosis, punctis minutis in disco in lineas longi-

tudinales dispositis.

Long. corp. lin. 33—5.

Habitat Angola (Rogers). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Family HELOPID 2.

Genus STYRAX, Westw.

Genus novum Stenochie et Cyphonoto affinis, at Col-

liuridem et Tricondylam inter Cicindelidas mirabiliter

simulans.

Corpus elongatum, gracile, cylindricum. Caput parvum ;

trophi Helopidarum, palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo

magno securiformi. Oculi magni, antice in medio frontis

coaliti. Antennz prothoracis longitudine equales fili-

formes, articulis 3tio et 4to reliquis gracilioribus. Pro-

thorax capite paullo crassior elongatus, dorso antice

bigibboso ; pone medium paullo constrictus. Elytra

prothorace latiora, elongata, dimidio basali transversim

ruguloso, apicali levi, punctato-striato. Pedes longi

graciles, intermedii longissimi; tibiee posticee in maribus

compressis et contortis, tarsis eracilibus.

Styrax Tricondyloides, Westw. (PI. VII. fig. 1.)

Cyaneo-purpurea, capite et pronoto glabris, hoc postice

transversim substriolato; femoribus castaneo-rufis, tibiis

tarsisque obscurioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 7.

Habitat Penang et Singapore (Wallace). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie.

228 Mr. J. OF Westwood’s descriptions of

Family CISTELID.

Genus Bratyna, Westw.

Genus Cistelidarum antennis longis, palpis omnibus

articulo ultimo securiformi, tibiisque posticis valde dilatato-

inflatis.

Caput transversum, oculis maximis, in medio frontis con-

junctis ; angulis anticis lateralibus clypei dilatato-elevatis.

Labrum transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis. Maxillee

lobo magno rotundo apicali intus ad basin dente instructo,

lobo interno parvo ciliato ; palpi maxillares articulis 2ndo

et 3tio equalibus obconicis, ultimo magno securiformi.

Mentum transverso-quadratum, angulis anes lateralibus

acutis, parallelis, porrectis. Labium transversum, lateribus

rotundis. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo securiformi.

Antenne elongate, ultra medium elytrorum attingentes,

articulo 2ndo minuto, 3tio lmi dimidium longitudine vix

eequanti, 4to et reliquis elongatis, sensim attenuatis.

Prothorax transversus, angulis anticis rotundis, sulco trans-

verso postico. Elytra oblonga, apice rotundata, subcon-

vexa, striato-punctata. Pedes 4 antici graciles ; tibie

2 postice dilatato-inflate late, basi et apice sensim

angustatis, tarsorum ungues serrati.

Bratyna apicalis. (Pl. VII. fig. 2.)

Fulvus, antennis pedibusque piceis, ‘ifs apice lutes-

centibus ; elytris apice nigricantibus, pronoto opaco parce

punctato, elytris punctato-striatis, strid 1lma_ scutellari

abbreviata, 2da et 3tié ad basin conjunctis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat Old Calabar. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

Family CANTHARID 2.

Genus DANERCES, Westw.

Genus novum ex insulis Malayanis Wacerd? et preser-

tim Pseudolyco Guérin affine, e quibus differt primo

intuitu palpis maxillaribus articulo apicali in maribus

longe bifido, antennisque articulis 3tio et tribus sequen-

tibus dilatatis.

Corpus elongatum, elytris depressis parallelis, tricostatis.

Caput antice porrectum, subrostratum, oculis integris late-

ralibus. Labrum horizontale transversum, angulis anticis

lateralibus rotundatis. Mandibulz oblonge, apice incurvo,

new Heteromerous Coleoptera. 229

acuto bifido; intus membrana setosa instructé. Maxille

parve, lobis duobus setosis inermibus. Palpi maxillares

elongati, articulo Imo minuto, 2ndo longo ad apicem

sensim crassiori, 3tio precedenti multo breviori, ultimo

in maribus in flagellis duabus elongatis setosis compressis

diviso, externo curvato ; hoc in foeminaé longitudine 2ndi

elongato-obconico intus oblique truncato. Prothorax

oblongus, lateribus fere parallelis. Mentum parvum, planum,

oblongum, ante medium paullo dilatatum. Labium mem-

branaceum, profunde emarginatum, setosum. Palpi labiales

articulo ultimo elongato-trigono, apice intus oblique trun-

cato. Antenne elongate, articulis 3—7 dilatato-com-

pressis, 8—11 gracilibus. Pedes graciles, longitudine

mediocres, tarsorum unguibus intus ante medium denti-

culo parvo instructis.

In Mr. Wallace’s private collection of Malayan Hetero-

merous Coleoptera, now in the Hopeian Museum at

Oxford, were a number of specimens which at first sight

seemed to belong to the genus Pseudolycus of Guérin, but

which differ from the species of that genus as well as from

Nacerdes, &c., in the remarkable structure of the maxil-

lary palpi of the male. They may be divided into sections

as follows—

A. Antennz concolorous.

a. Flagelle of the maxillary palpi of the males

equal: sp. 1—10.

b. Ditto, unequal in size: sp. 11.

B. Antennz with several of the terminal joints pale-

coloured: sp. 12, 13.

The insects of the first subdivision agree entirely in

their general form and structure, and it is with great

doubt that I give them as distinct species, and yet I can

scarcely conceive them to be varieties of a single extremely

variable species.

Species 1. Danerces lutetcornis.

Tota luteo-fulva, opaca, elytris (basi apiceque exceptis)

nigricantibus, velutinis, antennis luteis; corpore infra luteo-

fulvo, abdomine piceo, segmentorum marginibus lutes-

centibus.

Long. corp. lin. 44.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875,—PART Il. (NOY.) _

230 Mr. J. PWestwood’s descriptions of

Species 2. Danerces bipartita, (Pl. VII. fig. 3.)

Nigricans, antennis palpisque nigris, prothorace luteo-

fulvo, antice paullo obscuriori, scutello dimidioque postico

elytrorum fulvis; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi et subtus

fulvis; corpore infra luteo, abdomine piceo, segmentis luteo-

marginatis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 3. Danerces fraterna.

Precedenti similis ; nigra, pronoto fulvo, angulis anticis

lateralibus scutelloque nigris; elytris nigris usque pone

medium, apicibus fulvis, colore fulvo utriusque elytri antice

biundatis ; capite infra luteo, thorace subtus cum abdomine

et pedibus piceo-nigris ; hoc luteo-bicingulato.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

Species 4. Danerces fulvicollis.

Nigricans, antennis et palpis nigris, capite supra piceo,

pronoto et scutello fulvis ; elytris nigris velutinis ; capite et

thorace infra luteo-fulvis, abdomine piceo, seementis luteo-

marginatis; pedibus nigricantibus, femoribus basi genicu-

lisque fulvis.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 5. Dinerces picea.

Tota picea, scutello lutescente, capite infra, thorace

subtus femoribusque basi fulvis; antennis palpisque nigris,

abdomine piceo.

Foemina differt tibiis tarsisque lutescentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 44—5}.

Habitat insula Dorei.

Species 6. Danerces nigra.

Tota piceo-nigra, velutina.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz et Britann.

me eo

new Heteromerous Coleoptera. 231

Species 7. Danerces apicalis.

Nigra, pronoto, scutello, elytrisque usque ultra medium

fulvis, horum colore nigro e fulvo semicirculariter sepa-

rato; corpore toto infra cum abdomine et basi femorum

omnium piceis, prosterno et capite infra lutescentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat ins. Dorei( Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxon.

Species 8. Danerces basalis.

Nigra, macula inter antennas, pronoto (lateribus ante

medium nigris exceptis), scutello et tertid parte basali

elytrorum fulvis; pedibus nigris, dimidio basali femorum

fulvo ; corpore infra fulvo, abdomine piceo.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat ins. Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 9. Danerces suturalis.

Nigricans, capite antice luteo-piceo, medio partis pos-

ticee pronoti, scutello, suturaque elytrorum fulvo-albidis ;

pedibus nigris, femoribus basi geniculisque pedum lutes-

centibus ; corpore infra fulvo, abdomine piceo.

Variat striga suturali plus minusve distincta, corporeque

subtus cum femoribus obscurioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat insulis Dorei et Mysol (Wallace). In Mus.

Hopeiano Oxonie.

Species 10. Danerces fulva.

Fulva, antennis fuscis, versus apicem sensim pallidio-

ribus, palpis maxillaribus articulis 1 et 2 fulvis, hujus

apice articulisque duobus apicalibus nigris, tarsis apice

obseuris; corpore infra fulvo, mesosterno et lateribus meta-

sterni piceis, femoribus duobus posticis striga picea notatis.

Long. corp. lin. 64.

Habitat insula Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

Species 11. Danerces biguttulus.

Reliquis robnstior et minus depressa, supra et subtus tota

fulva, antennis nigris; elytris paullo ante apicem macula

parva trigona laterali notatis, palporum maxillarium

fulvorum flagello supero brevi conico, infero duplo longiori

curvato.

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat insula Batchian (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

232 Mr. J. OPWestwood’s descriptions, §c.

Species 12. Danerces nasalis.

Nigra, parte antic& capitis, pronoto (nisi angulis anticis

late nigris) et triente basali elytrorum fulvis (sutura

excepta) ; antennis nigris, articulo 9no (et reliquis ?)albido ;

pedibus piceo-nigris, femorum basi geniculisque lutescenti-

bus; corpore infra piceo, pro et mesosternis lutescentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat insula Batchian (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 13. Danerces laticornis.

Fulva, antennis nigris, articulis 3, 4 et 5 quam in ceeteris

speciebus latioribus; 8, 9 et 10 albidis gracilibus, 11mo

piceo ; palpis maxillaribus nigris, elytrorum triente basali

fulvo, colore fulvo ad medium marginis lateralis extenso ;

parte reliqué nigra ; pedibus fulvis, tibiis 4 anticis nigrican-

tibus, tibiarum 2 posticarum basi et apice obscurioribus ;

corpore infra fulvo, abdomine nigro nitido, tenue luteo-

cingulato.

Var. Elytris fulvis, triente apicali tantum nigro.

Var. Elytris omnino fulvis.

Long. corp. lin. 43.

Habitat insula Aru (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Description of the Plates.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Moluris (Phanerotoma Rowleiana). 1a, extremity of anterior

tibia.

Fig. 2. Moluris (Phanerotoma) gravida.

Fig. 3. Moluris procrustes.

Fig. 4. Rhysodina Mniszechii. 4*, underside of insect; 4a, side view

of head; 40, antenna (terminal joints wanting); 4c, labrum;

4d, mandibles; 4e, maxilla; 47, mentum; 4g, labial palpi;

4h, anterior tarsus; 47, middle tarsus; 42, posterior tarsus.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Styrax Tricondyloides. 1a, side view of prothorax.

. Bratyna apicalis. 2a, maxilla; 2b, mentum, labium and labial

palpi; 2c, one of the tarsal ungues.

. Danerces bipartita. 3a, mandible; 3+, maxilla of male; 3c,

maxilla of female; 3d, mentum, labium and labial palpi;

de, ungues.

Fig. 4. Deridea Curculionides. 4a, head seen in front; 40, maxilla ;

4c, mentum, labium and labial palpi; 4d, ungues.

(933°)

XV. On the species of Rutelidee inhabiting Eastern Asia

and the Islands of the Malayan Archipelago. By

J. O. WeEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 3rd May, 1875.]

THE existence of species of animals or plants in parts of

the world far removed from the geographical metropolis

of the groups to which they respectively belong, is, at the

present time, the subject of much interest in connection

with the question of the diffusion of the different objects

of creation on the earth’s surface.

I therefore feel the less hesitation in calling the atten-

tion of the Members of the Entomological Society to the

beautiful family of Lamellicorn beetles Rutelide, which

are for the most part natives of the South American Con-

tinent, but of which certain species have been found in

India and the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago; and

the more so because the Transactions of the Society

already contain descriptions of two of the most remark-

able Eastern genera of this group, namely, Parastasia and

Peperonota. Of the different sub-families into which the

Rutelide have been divided, we find that the Macraspides,

Pelidnotides, Chrysophorides, Geniatides and Rutelides,

are entirely absent from the Old World.

The Anoplognathides are exclusively and the Brachys-

ternides partially natives of Australasia, the Australian

genera Amblyterus and Schizognathus belonging to the

latter sub-family. In the sub-family Chasmodiides, Phe-

nomeris, illustrated from my drawings in the Transactions

of the Zoological Society, is confined to South Africa and

Madagascar. In the Areodides, Idiocnema sulcipennis of

Falderman, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ii. p. 277, from

Northern China, is the only Old World representative ;

whilst, in the Adoretides, Trigonostoma mucoreum inhabits

Madagascar, and the species of Adoretus are widely dis-

tributed over Asia, Africa and the Eastern Islands.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART III. (NOV.)

234 ur. O. Westwood on the

There remain only the Parastasiides, to which belong

the typical genus Parastasia, Peperonota, and the three

other genera which are described below.*

PARASTASIA, Westw.

(Sectio 2. Barymorpha, Guérin-Méneville.)

In addition to the species of this genus, described in my

monograph in the fourth volume of the Transactions of

the Entomological Society (1841), a number of species

have been published by M. Snellen van Vollenhoven, in

the Tijdschrift Ent. Nederlands, vol. vii. p. 1864; by

Erichson, in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, iv. 1845 ; Blan-

chard, in the Catal. of the Lamellicorns of the Jardin des

Plantes (P. rubrotessellata, rugosicollis and rufolimbata) ;

M. Candeze, in the Coleopterologische Hefte, 1869 (P.

basalis); and M. Montrozier, in the Annales Soc. Agr.

Lyons, vol. vii. (P. Percheronii and bimaculata).

PEPERONOTA, Westw.

The genus is still confined to the single rare species

P. Harringtonii, described and figured by me in the

Transactions of the Entomological Society, vol. iv. pl. 22,

fig. 1, and Lacordaire, Genera (Atlas, pl. 34, fig. 1), from

the Himalayas.

* In addition to the species mentioned above in the text, I noticed in

the magnificent collection of Westermann, now in the Royal Museum

of Copenhagen, three other apparently undescribed insects from India,

belonging to the Rutelide, namely—

Aglae rutilans, Reiche, MSS. from Assam ; a small insect, with brilliant

copper elytra ;

Callisthenes (? Callisthenes = Anomala pars) consularis, Blanchard,

from Assam; small, narrow and dark green; and

Callisthenes, sp. nov., from Bengal; of the size of Huchlora viridis,

green, but more polished.

The genus Celidia, of Dejeau’s Catalogue, 3rd ed., still uncharacterized,

consists of two species from New Guinea, namely, Welolontha marginata,

Bdy. Voy. Astrolabe, pl. 6, fig. 17, and C. nigromaculata, Blanchard and

Hombron, Voy. au Pole Sud, pl. 7, fig. 1.

The genus Zropiorhynchus of Blanchard, Coll. Mus. Paris, p. 176

(Dinorhina, Lacordaire), belongs to the Anisoplia group. It contains one

Persian and one Nepalese species, the latter being An. Orientis, Newman,

Ent. Mag. vy. 384.

The genus Singhala, Blanchard, formed of several Eastern species

(Anomala Dalmanni, Gyllenhal, Schonh.), from India, belongs to the

Anomala group.

species of Rutelide. 235

RuTELARCHA, C. Waterhouse (Ent. M. Mag. 1874,

August, p. 53.)

(Pl. VIII. fig. 1.)

Corpus breve, crassum, convexum, glabrum.

Caput clypeo trigono, aciculato-strigoso, apice sub-bi-

fido. Mandibule subtrigonz, apice incurvo integro,

angulo medio interno parum prominente; spatio_ basali

molari oblique strigataé. Maxille lobo apicali curvato

apice subacuto, lobo interno dentibus 4, majori composito,

denticulis tribus terminato. Palpi omnes breves, graciles.

Mentum oblongum vel crateriforme, lateribus extus rotun-

datis, antice profunde emarginatum ibique impressum.

Antenne 10-articulate, capitulo elongato gracili triarti-

culato. Prothorax lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis

lateralibus acutis; basi in medio supra scutellum semi-

circulariter productum disco glabro, lateribus concentrice

aciculato-strigosis. Elytra brevia, subglobosa. Pedes

breves, tibiis anticis apice tridentatis. Tarsi breves,

crassi, ungue uno simplici acuto, altero vero parum majori

et bifido. Metasternum ultra pedes intermedios porrectum.

Rutelarcha 4-maculata, Waterh. 1. c. supra.

Capite’et disco pronoti nigris, illo supra strigo-aciculato,

hujus marginibus lateralibus fulvis macula parva rotunda

nigra notatis, lateribus disci nigri aciculato-strigosis, strigis

circulariter dispositis; scutello nigro, elytris fulvo-testaceis,

striato-punctatis, punctis pone medium evanescentibus,

sngulo macula parva rotunda subhumerali, alteraque

maena submedia nigris: corpore infra pedibusque aurantio-

fulvis, nigro-variegatis ; trochanteribus posticis tarsisque

nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 8 ; lat. elytr. lin. 43.

Habitat Penang. In Mus. Britann. (e Mus. Banks.) et

Hopeiano Oxoniz (Wallace).

Pl. VIII. fig. 1, Rutelarcha 4-maculata slightly

magnified; la, antenna; 1b, le, mandible in different

positions; 1d, maxilla; le, teeth of inner lobe; 1,f, mentum

and labial palpi; 1g, metasternum seen from beneath ;

1h, ditto seen sideways; 17, anterior tarsus; 14, ungues

of posterior tarsus.

236 Nits O. Westwood on the

LUTERA, gen. nov.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, convexum, glabrum, parce

punctatum.

Caput subtrigonum, clypei apice bifido. Mandibulz

crasse, trigone, apice subito incurvo acuto, dente medio

plano bifido, spatio basali molari transverso sulcato.

Maxille lobo externo in unguem acutum producto, in-

terno dentibus 3—4 (uno e denticulis tribus parvis com-

posito). Palpi maxillares parvi, articulo ultimo majore et

parum crassiori. Mentum planum crateriforme, margine

antico fere recto. Antennarum clava longa tenui. Pro-

thorax transversus, lateribus roundatis, basi latitudine

humeris elytrorum zquali, margine postico parum supra

scutellum producto. Elytra subovata, in medio thorace

parum latiora, punctato- -striata, punctis parum profundis

et irregulariter difformibus. Tibize anticee ad apicem tri-

dentatz, postices 4 margine externo fere inermi. Tarsi

ungue unico integro, altero acute bifido. Metasternum

inter pedes medios vix porrectum apice ejus, lateraliter

viso, ante basin pedum parum apparente.

Lutera luteola. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)

Fulvo-lutescens, nitida, parum punctata, marginibus

capitis, guttis duabus frontalibus, alterisque 4 ante medium

pronoti transverse positis margineque scutelli castaneis ;

elytris guttis duabus ante medium alterisque duabus fere

obsoletis subapicalibus pallidius castaneis: corpore infra,

tibiis tarsisque maculisque magnis in medio femorum,

marginibusque segmentorum ventralium castaneo-brunneis ;

his basi podiceque Lie -luteis.

Long. corp. lin. 83; lat. elytr. medio lin. 4}.

Habitat Sarawak, aie (Wallace). In Mus. Hopei-

ano Oxonix.

Pl. VILL. fig. 2, Lutera luteola slightly rene.

and 2d, eed in different positions ; 2c, maxilla ; oe

mentum and labial palpi; 2e, terminal joint of four pos-

terior tarsi; 2f and 2g, metasternum seen from beneath

and sideways.

CyPHELYTRA, C. Waterhouse.

(Cistula Entomologica, May, 1875, p. 366.)

Corpus breve, crassum, dorso parum depressum, elytris

pone medium paullo dilatatis, fere glabrum, signaturis

nigris elytrorum rude punctatis exceptis.

——

species of Rutelide. 237

Caput trigonum, clypei apice bifido. Antennarum clava

longa et tenui. Mandibulz apice incurvo acuto dentibus

duobus ad basin ejus marginis interni; tabula molari trans-

verse ovata strigata. Maxillz lobo apicali acute unciformi,

edentato, lobo interno ad apicem dentibus tribus parvis

acutis, medio e denticulis tribus parvis composito. Palpi

maxillares articulo ultimo multo crassiori. Mentum

subcrateriforme, apice subtus angustato, longe setosum,

palpis labialibus articulo ultimo crassiori. Prothorax

lateribus rotundatis, fere latitudine humerorum elytrorum

eequalibus, margine postico in medio supra scutellum ro-

tundato producto. Elytra brevia subconvexa, pone medium

latiora. Metasternum simplex, haud elevatum, nec antice

porrectum. Pedes satis crassi, tarsis tibiarum longitudine,

et gracilioribus, ungue uno integro, altero crassiori bifido.

Cyphelytra ochracea, C. Waterhouse, |. c.

CPL. VIL. fig. 3.)

C. capite et pronoto fulvis, glabris, capite strigé tenui

transversa inter antennas guttisque duabus frontalibus ;

pronoto vitta media antice dilatata guttisque 8 magnitu-

dine variis nigris; elytris albido-lutescentibus, margine

scutelli, sutura maculis duabus ovalibus versus basin sig-

naturisque variis, cum precedentibus faciem hominis rude

simulantibus, n gris, his signaturis punctis rudibus notatis:

corpore infra albido -lutescenti, nigroque variegato ;

femoribus posticis crassioribus, macula magna picea no-

tatis ; tibus tarsisque nigris, illis flavo-maculatis.

Long. corp. lin. 7 ; lat. elytr. ultra medium lin. 4.

Habitat in regione Himalayana Indix. In Mus.

Britann. etiam in Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Pl. VIII. fig. 3, Cyphelytra ochracea magnified; 3a

and 36, mandible seen in different situations; 3c, maxilla;

3d, mentum and labial palpi; 3e and 3f, metasternal

process seen sideways and from beneath ; ms., mesoster-

num; ¢r., trochanter; cz., coxa; fm., femur of middle

legs; mt., metasternal process ; 3g, extremity of anterior

tarsus; 3h, ditto of middle and hind tarsus.

URLETA.

Facie Ometidis, processu sternali Macraspidis, capite-

que bicoronato Dicerotis facile dignoscitur typus hujus

generis novi.

238 uy O. Westwood on the

Corpus parvum, glabrum, elytris subdepressis, apice ro-

tundatis, dorso variolosis, striato-punctatis.

Caput porrectum, clypeo excavatione circulari antica,

angulis ejus anticis in cornua duo, parum reflexa, porrecta.

Mandibulee porrectee, recta, anguste, apice ¢ acute et oblique

truncate, spatio molari parvo Subovato in medio concavo.

Maxille magnitudine mandibularum, lobo apicali spinu-

loso et in uncum acutum producto, ‘medio ejus marginis

interni spina unciformi armato; palpi maxillares articulo

ultimo magno elongato-ovali. Mentum crateriforme,

antice subito angustatum, margine antico fere recto spinu-

loso. Palpi labiales graciles, breves. Antennz mediocres,

clava satis magna. Pronotum margine postico antico

duplo latiori, lateribus ex apice ultra medium recte-

obliquis; postice lateribus subparallelis, margine postico

parum rotundato producto. Scutellum mediocre. Elytra

pronoto vix latiora, supra parum depressa, apicibus

rotundatis. Pygidium detectum. Metasternum inter

pedes intermedios antice porrectum, sulco longitudinali

medio instructum; mesosterni processu in apicem ejus

insidente attenuato, recurvo. Pedes antici breves, crassi;

tarsorum perbrevium unguibus in individuo nostro unico

(masculino ?) difformibus, uno crassiori integro, altero

gracili acuto curvato simplici, Ungues pedum quatuor

posticorum etiam dissimiles, uno integro, altero acute

bifido. Pedes 4 postici subgraciles, tarsis longitudine

tibiarum.

Urleta Ometoides. (Pl. VIII. fig. 4.)

Castaneo-rufa, nitida, capite cum antennis nigro, cicatri-

coso, cicatricibus parum profundis, pronoto glaberri imo,

castaneo-rufo, lateribus leviter punctatis impressione parva

satis profunda utrinque versus angulos laterales; elytris

luteo-flavidis, sutura et basi cum scutello nigris, disco

preesertim basin versus varioloso, striato-punctatis; abdo-

mine cum pygidio et pedibus castaneo-rufis, metasterno

cum processu sternali nigro.

Long. corp. lin. 43.

Habitat in Sumatra (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Pl. VIII. fig. 4, Urleta Ometoides magnified; 4a, front

of head ; md., Saiuanunlee ; 4b, 4c, mandible in different

positions ; 4d, maxilla; se mentum and labial palpi: 4f,

species of Rutelide. 239

4g, sternal process seen from below and sideways; ms.,

mesosternal apex ; mf., middle femur; 4h, fore tibia and

tarsus; 42, ungues of fore-foot ; 44, ditto of middle foot ;

41, ditto of hind foot.

Description of Plate VIII.

Fig. 1. Rutelarcha 4-maculata.

Fig. 2. Lutera luteola.

Fig. 3. Cyphelytra ochracea.

Fig. 4. Urleta Ometoides.

Gr 2dies)

XVI. Description of anew genus of Clerideous Coleoptera,

from the Malayan Archipelago. By J.O. Wxst-

woop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 7th June, 1875.

ALLOCHOTES. ~

Genus novum e familia Cleridarum, forma omnino

insolita, semiglobosa, coccinelliforme, glaberrimum, seto-

sum. Caput pronum, supra vix visibile, margine antico

emarginato. Oculi magni, antice late emarginati, Labrum

parvum, transversum, vix porrectum, antice setosum. Man-

dibulz validee, elongato-trigonz, apice forte bidentate, intus

lobo elongato membranaceo setoso ante medium instructee.

Maxille parvee, lobis duobus elongatis simplicibus apice

setoso, basi transverso corneo ; palpi maxillares articulo

ultimo elongato-securiformi. Mentum parvum, transver-

sum, ligula elongata parallela; labium profunde emargi-

natum, setosum. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo elongato-

securiformi. Antenne vix thoracis longitudine, 11-arti-

culate, articulo Imo oblongo, 2ndo minuto, 3tio longiori

egracili, 4to ad 10um sensim paullo latioribus, 1]mo majori

ovali. Pronotum semicirculare, lateribus rotundatis. Pro-

sternum brevissimum in medio inter coxas anticas haud

prominens. Mesosternum brevissimum, simplex, inter

coxas medias triangulum minutum antice efficiens. Meta-

sternum transversum, simplex. Abdomen subconicum, e

seomentis sex formatum. Pedes simplices, parum elongati ;

tarsis omnibus 4-articulatis, articulis tribus basalibus subtus

in lobum membranaceum bifidum productis. LElytra fere

hemispherica, glaberrima, setigera.

Pl. [X. fig. la, head and antenna; 1, mandible; 1c,

maxilla; 1d, mentum, labium and labial palpi; le, pro-

thorax seen from below; 1/, meso- and meta-sterna and

abdomen; lg, tarsus sideways ; 1A, tarsus from above.

Obs.—E Chorecine advena Pascoe, Journ. of Entomol.

i, 49, pl. 2, fig. 2, differt antennis apice incrassatis,

thoracis forma latiori, elytrisque glaberrimis.

Species 1. Allochotes bicolor. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Aurantiaco-fulvus, pronoto fulvo-setoso, elytris nigro-

viridibus punctatis, nigro-setosis ; corpore infra cum pedi-

bus et antennis fulvis.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART Il. (NOV.)

242 Mr. J. PWestwood’s description, &c.

Long. corp. lin. 3; lat. elytr. lin. 23.

Habitat Makassar (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Varietas? (Allochotes Mortica) e precedenti differt

magnitudine paullo minori elytrisque eeneo-viridibus, luteo-

setosis.

Habitat in insulé Morty (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 2. Allochotes apicalis.

Fulva, elytris nigro-zneis punctatis, nigro-setosis, triente

apicali fulvo, luteo-setoso.

Long. corp. lin. 3}.

Habitat in Nova Guinea (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 3. Allochotes Chrysomelina.

Fulva, elytris chalybeis, griseo-setosis, crebre punctatis.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat in insulé Dorei (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz.

Species 4. Allochotes Eubrioides.

Supra nigra, nitida, vix punctata, elytrorum lateribus

dense griseo-setosis ; corpore infra cum pedibus et antennis

lutescenti ; tibiis infuscatis ; elytris paullo minus rotundatis.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat Sumatra (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 5. Allochotes Coccinella.

Tota fulvo-ochracea, glabra, punctata, fulvo-setosa.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat Ceram (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

Species 6. Allochotes fulvescens.

Tota fulva, punctata, fulvo-setosa, elytrorum humeris

haud antice porrectis, rotundatis.

Long. corp. lin. 24.

Habitat insula Batchian (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxonie.

Species 7. Allochotes Scymnoides.

Minuta, fulva; elytris eneis, glaberrimis, punctatis,

nigro-setosis.

“Long. corp. lin. 13.

Habitat Singapore (Wallace). In Mus. Hopeiano

Oxoniz,

(oe)

XVII. Description of a new species of Lucanide, with

a note on Lissotes obtusatus. By J. O.

Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 5th July, 1875.]

Genus Scortizus, Westw.

Scortizus pulverosus,n.s. (Pl. TX. fig. 2.)

Niger, capite et pronoto subleevibus; elytris punctato-

striatis interstitiis punctatis, pulvere plumbeo cupreoque

certo situ nitenti, indutis; mandibulis capite vix longiori-

bus rectis, intus 4-sinuatis.

Long. corp. lin. 7 (mandibulis inclusis).

Habitat prope Chiquinquivia Cordillerz orientalis—La

Luzua (Steinheil)—altitudine 8,800 ped. In Mus.

Dom. Steinheil ad Dom. Parry communicatus.

The head is nearly quadrate, with the anterior lateral

angles strongly rounded off, and with a deep emargination

in the middle of the fore margin. The eye is anteriorly

half-incised by the lateral canthus, with a deep impression

in front of the eye. The front half of the head is

obliquely depressed, the dorsal portion is nearly smooth,

but the sides, especially behind the eyes where they are

slightly swollen, are punctuate. The mandibles are

about as long as the head, nearly straight, narrow, with

the inner margin 4-sinuated, the intervening spaces form-

ing very obtuse teeth, the basal one being the strongest.

The pronotum is transverse, broader than the head and

elytra, the anterior angles acute; the sides rather con-

verging in the middle, with the lateral posterior angles

acute, each preceded by a rather deep emargination. ‘The

disc is nearly smooth, with a slight raised lateral margin,

and with an impression in the middle, in front of the

scutellum. The hind margin is very slightly sinuated.

The elytra are of moderate length, narrower than the

prothorax, with a sharp point at the anterior angle of

each, opposite the pointed hind angle of the prothorax.

They are punctate-striate, the interstices with still finer

punctures; and are covered with a pulverescence of a slaty

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART III. (NOY.)

244 Mr. J. SRW estwood’s description, §c.

or leaden-blue colour, which in certain points of view has

a copper-coloured gloss. This pulverescence is most easily

abraded at the slightest touch, showing the black colour

of the elytra beneath.

The legs are rather slender ; the anterior tibiz: with two

terminal spines on the outer edge, the preceding portion

of the edge being slightly serrated.

Beneath black and glossy, the head and thoracic por-

tions slightly, the abdominal segments more strongly,

punctured.

Lissotes obtusatus, Westw.

Major F. J. S. Parry has recently received from M.

Ee Deyrolle several species of a Lissotes from Tas-

mania as a new species, but which I cannot distinguish

from the well known and common JL. obtusatus, on a very

careful comparison with the type specimens of the latter.

In one of the males sent the mandibles are nearly identical ;

the notch near the tip of the inner margin is however

rather wider, and the tubercle at the base of the broad

inner tooth is rather more elevated. The two impressions

on the disc before the middle of the pronotum are a little

deeper, and the elytra are slightly elevated round the

seutellum. The punctation throughout is also somewhat

stronger. In another male, also sent by M. H. Deyrolle,

the apical tooth of the mandibles is more distinct, in con-

sequence of the broad tooth having its anterior angle

obtusely truncate. The impressions on the pronotum are

wanting, and the elytra round the scutellum are not

elevated.

I can only regard these modifications as individual

variations, and not as indicating distinct species.

Description of Plate LX.

. 1, Allochotes bicolor.

Fig

Fig. 2. Scortizus pulverosus.

@ 345.)

XVIII. Synopsis of British Hemiptera-Heteroptera.

By Epwarp Saunpers. Parr II.

[Read 3rd November, 1875. ]

TINGIDID 2.

I. Side lobes of the face produced into two elongate,

horn-like processes .. oe ae oe -. Piesma.

II. Side lobes of the face not produced.

A. Sides of elytra not reticulated.. oe .. Serenthia.

AA. Sides of elytra reticulated.

B. Longitudinal ribs of a tra suis not

united on the disk . ee : - Campylostira.

BB. Longitudinal ribs of pee eicodt on the

disk.

C. Disk of the elytra, between the ribs, flat.

D. Internal rib of the ely tra gene angu-

lated .. nc Ac . Monanthia.

DD. Internal rib of the ase not baauinied: gene-

rally curved, but in undeveloped specimens

straight.

E. Antenne slender, apical joint thickest -. Acalypta.

EE. Antenne stout, very hairy or rugose, apical

joint not thicker than the rest .. .. Dictyonota.

CC. Disk of elytra between the ribs raised -- Derephysia.

PIESMA.

A. Frontal processes curved and converging.

a. Sides of thorax not emarginate .. -. quadrata.

b. Sides of thorax emarginate be -. Laporte.

AA. Frontal processes straight and short, not con-

verging an BD a6 a6 -. capitata.

1. quadrata, Fieb. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. viu. fig. 9.

Grey or reddish-brown, mottled on the elytra with paler

spots. Frontal processes much produced, curved inwards

and slightly upwards at the apex. Thorax impressed in

front, raised posteriorly, very deeply punctured, with three

longitudinal carinee extending across the anterior impres-

sion. Sides dilated in front. Scutellum dark, its apex

pale. Elytra largely punctured ; coste very prominent ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.) U

246 Mr. Winders’ Synopsis of

disk, and especially the sides, more or less mottled or

spotted with darker colour.

Length 14 line.

Common by sweeping and at the roots of herbage by

the sea-shore.

2. Laportei, Fieb. Fig. Fieb. Ent. Mon. tab. ii. fig. 17.

Grey, sometimes dull brown, more or less spotted on the

elytra with darker colour. Frontal processes much pro-

duced, curved inwards and sometimes slightly upwards at

the apex. Thorax pale in front, deeply punctured, im-

pressed in front, with two short carinze across the im-

pression. Sides foliaceous and meshed in front, deeply

emarginate near the middle. LElytra largely punctured ;

costae very prominent, brown or grey, with darker spots.

Shoulders, each with a pale spot, sometimes very con-

spicuous.

Length 1—1} line.

Generally distributed ; found by sweeping, &c., and

under herbage.

3. capitata, Wolff. Fig. Fieb. Ent. Mon. tab. i. fig. 18.

Very like the preceding, of which I believe it to bea

variety : differs in being of a duller colour, with the spots

hardly visible, in the frontal processes being straight and

not converging at the apex and in the slightly less emar-

ginate sides to the thorax.

Length 1—14 line.

Occasionally by sweeping, &c. and under herbage.

SERENTHIA.

1. leta, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ix.

fie. 1.

Small, somewhat elongate, largely and closely punc-

tured, in a cell-like manner. Head, antenne and

thorax black. Scutellum and elytra ochr eous-white, legs

reddish.

Length 1—1 line.

Local, but common where it occurs, by sweeping.

Reigate Hill, &e.

CAMPYLOSTIRA.

1. brachycera, Fieb. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem

pl ix.iio. 6:

Small, somewhat elongate. | Head brownish-black.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 247

Thorax punctured, brown, with three c¢arine, the lateral

ones abbreviated ; sides with two rows of meshes in front,

one behind. LElytra with large, clear meshes, and with

a very strong dorsal costa; the ribs between the meshes

brownish-red ; the elytra do not meet at the base, so that

the abdomen is visible. Legs and antennz pale; apex of

former darker.

Length 1 line.

In moss, &c. ; not uncommon.

MOoNANTHIA.

1. Sides of thorax more or less reflexed, very thin,

generally with clear meshes.

A, Sides of thorax and elytra with projecting

hairs .. oe ac ne 5t -- reticulata.

AA, Sides of thorax and elytra without projecting

hairs.

B. Margins of thorax wide, with several rows of

meshes.

a. Sides of thorax and elytra with four rows

of meshes ae siecle ne -. ampliata.

b. Sides of thorax and elytra with three rows

of meshes. . ve ots 2 +» cardui.

BB. Margins of thorax very narrow, with a single

row of meshes near the posterior angles.. costata.

Il. Sides of thorax not reflexed, more or less inflated.

B. The inflated sides of the thorax bearing rows

of meshes.

C. Thorax with three carine extending from

the base to the frontal hood.

a. Elytra with three rows of meshes at the

sides “ic +e os Se -- guadrimaculata.

b. Elytra with one row of meshes at the sides dwumetorum.

CC. Side carinz of thorax abbreviated by the lateral

inflations .. oc BO 6 -- humuli.

BB. Sides of thorax without meshes, each hese

a sort of bubble-like excrescence, reaching

to the central carina mis se -. simplex.

1. reticulata, H.-Scff. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins: iii.

fie. 288.

Brownish-grey, covered with upright hairs. Sides of

the thorax much dilated and rounded at the middle, with

three to four rows of large meshes ; disk with three nearly

straight coste. Elytra with fine meshes on the disk.

Sides much expanded, with three rows of large clear

248 Mr. Saunders’ Synopsis of

meshes. Side margins with fine projecting hairs. Legs

and antenne hairy.

ean 2 lines.

Very rare; Monkswood, Huntingdon.

2. ampliata, .-Seff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl ax. tie. 3.

Grey, very finely pubescent. Thorax with the lateral

margins largely expanded, especially in front, with five

rows of small irregular meshes; disk with three nearly

straight coste. Elytra with five rows of very small

meshes at the sides, and with a wide black band crossing

them a little above ‘the middle, and with numerous other

black spots and lines. Antenne red, apex black.

Length 2 lines.

Not 1 rare, by sweeping, &c.

Var.? similis, Dougl. & Scott.

Shorter than typical form. Antenne shorter. Sides

of the thorax rounded to the hood in front, instead of

being angulated. These characters, however, are not to

my mind sufficient to establish a species on only two

examples, as in all other respects their form is identical

with ampliata.

3. carduc, ion.” “Hies H.-Scit. ‘Wanz.' Ins. av. 127

fig. A.

Grey, more or less spotted, and mottled with black.

Thorax raised in front, with the sides gradually rounded

to the anterior margin, with three rows of very small

meshes; disk with three nearly straight longitudinal

carine, spotted with black; on the meshes there are also

some black spots. Elytra: disk with fine meshes more or

less clouded with brown or black; sides with three rows of'

meshes, traversed by a wide spot just above the middle,

and several narrow line-like spots along their entire

length; the wide spot at the middle often joins the dark

colour of the disk, making a sort of transverse band.

Antennee red, apex black.

Length 14 line.

Very common on thistles.

4. costata, Fab. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig. 390.

Pale ochreous ; legs and antenne rather of a browner

tint, apex of latter black. Thorax much narrowed in

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 249

front, and convex behind. Sides sinuate, narrowly and

sharply reflexed, a single row of meshes visible by looking

sideways at the reflexed edge. Disk with three straight

coste. Hlytra much wider than thorax. Sides rounded,

with three rows of meshes, with occasional brown trans-

verse streaks crossing them.

Length 2 lines.

Not common; Somerset; Bushey, Herts; Reigate; &c.

5. qguadrimaculata, Wolff. Fig. H.-Scf Wanz. Ins. iv.

125, fie. A.

Brown or reddish-brown. Llytra with an elongate

marginal spot at the base, and a second near the apex on

each side, white. ‘Thorax with three well-marked longi-

tudinal carine. Sides slightly inflated with honeycomb-

like meshes. Elytra with three rows of meshes at the

sides in front; four in the middle on the brown portion,

and two behind. Apex of discal carina white. Legs and

antenne reddish. Apical joint of latter darker.

Length 1? line.

Rare. Dorsetshire, on old apple trees.

6. dumetorum, H.-Scfi. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iv.

fig. 391.

Brown or reddish-brown. Elytra with a basal spot, and

a marginal spot near the apex, white.

Very like the preceding, but differs in having the in-

flations on the margins of thorax narrower, and their inner

margins parallel to the sides, and in having only two rows

of meshes on the sides of the elytra in front and one row

behind ; its size is also smaller.

Length 14 line.

Old whitethorns, widely distributed; Oxfordshire, Lee,

Southampton, Glanvilles Wootton, Chobham.

7. humuli, Fab. Fig. H.-Sceff. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig. 361

(convergens).

Ochreous with occasional black markings. Head black.

Thorax with the inflated meshed portions wide, their inner

edges parallel to the lateral margins; disk with three

keels, the side ones interrupted at about half their length

by the lateral inflations. Elytra more or less marbled

with darker colour, exterior discal carina with two black

spots, one in the middle and one near the apex; lateral

250 Mr@® Saunders’ 8; ‘ynopsis of

margins with one row of meshes in front, two behind.

Antenne and legs pale, apex of former black.

Length 13—1 line.

Damp places, by sweeping.

8. stmplex, T1.-Seff. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 118, 21.

Reddish-brown. Head black. Thorax with a centtal

carina, on each side of which, and almost touching it, is

a rounded, bubble-like inflation, extending to the Tateeal

marein; base of the thorax with two short carine con-

verging towards the central one, but interrupted by the

inflations. Elytra with fine round cells on the disk; lateral

margins with one very narrow row of meshes.

Length 14—2 lines.

Rare. Tale of Wight, Bexley, &c.

DEREPHYSIA.

1. foliacea, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ix.

fig. 4.

Body testaceous. Thorax darker; sides of latter much

expanded and reflexed, with two rows of large clear meshes;

central crest with one row, hood with four meshes; cost

between the meshes testaceous. lytra largely and clearly

meshed, with two rows at the sides; disk of each much

raised longitudinally ; legs and antennz ferruginous.

Length 2 lines.

Occasionally by sweeping, &c.; abundant at Mickleham

in August, in ivy growing on palings. Dougl. & Scott.

DIcTYONOTA

A. Antenne black.

a, Antenne with long projecting hairs a -- erassicornis.

b. Antenne without projecting hairs a .- strichnocera.

AA. Antennx pale brown me cle ac -. fuliginosa.

1. crassicornis, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. ix. fig. 5.

Grey. Head dark brown, with two projecting spines

in front on the vertex and one on each side at the base of

the antennz, between them and the eyes. Sides of thorax

largely dilated and angulated in front, with three to four

large rows of meshes; longitudinal crests each with one

row. Elytra clearly meshed, with two rows of meshes at

nt at ~a >a

British Hemiptera- Heteroptera. 251

the sides. Underside of thorax and antennx black. Ab-

domen and legs brown.

Length 2 lines.

In moss, and occasionally by sweeping.

2. strichnocera, Fieb. Fig. Fieb. Ent. Mon. pl. vii.

fig. 4—7.

Narrower than the preceding; sides of the thora

scarcely dilated at all in front, oath only two rows of

meshes; longitudinal crests each with one row. E lytra

with the discal cell much shorter than in crassicornis.

Sides with two rows of clear meshes. Beneath entirely

black. Thighs black, brown at the apex; tibi and tarsi

pale. Antenne with the second joint very long and thick;

very rugose, with adpressed hairs.

Length 2 lines.

Moss, &c.

3. fuliginosa, Cost. = Fiebert, Dougl. & Scott. Fig. Ent.

Month. Mag. iv. pl. 1. fic, Ze

A larger insect than either of the preceding, with much

thinner antennae, and of a generally browner colour. Head

black. Thorax pale, darker in front; sides conside-

rably expanded and angulated anteriorly, with two rows

of meshes near the base, three near the front angles; longi-

tudinal crests, each with one row. Elytra_ “with larg ee

meshes; discal cell very short. Sides with two rows of

meshes, slightly sinuate behind the middle. Legs and

antennz pale brown; apex of latter black.

Length 23 lines.

Weybridge, &c.

ACALYPTA.

I. Disk of thorax with only one keel se «. brunneda.

If. Disk of thorax with three keels.

A. Lateral crests touching the hood in front parvula.

AA. Lateral crests abbreviated, not touching the

hood.

B. Sides of thorax with three rows of meshes

in front; elytra with two rows o. Cervind.

BB. Sides of thorax with two rows of meshes in

front; elytra with one row—

a. Sutural area with three rows of meshes nigrina.

b. Sutural area with two rows of meshes macrophthalma.

1. brunnea, Germ. =concinna, Dougl. & Scott. Fig.

(concinna) Ent. Ann. 1863, fig. 5.

Ochreous, largely punctured. Head brown... Thorax

252 Mr. Saunders’ Synopsis of

with a single straight median crest; sides with three rows

of meshes, “the internal row very irregular. Elytra largely

punctured ; sides with two rows of meshes ; dorsal carinze

much raised, united at a little less than three-quar ters

of the leneth of the elytra from their base ; entire surface

sprinkled with Guemsienell round brown spots. Legs and

antennz ochreous; apex of latter brown.

Length 1 line.

Moss on oak trees; Searborough and Darenth Wood.

2. parvula, Fall. obscura, Dougl. & Scott. Fig.

H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig. 372.

Smaller than the preceding ; dark grey. Head nearly

black. Thorax strongly punctured in Hone finely meshed

at the base; disk with three crests ; the lateral ones pro-

duced to the front hood; sides of thorax with two rows of

clear meshes in front, one behind. Llytra finely meshed,

with one row of clear meshes at the sides, elongate and

somewhat sinuate posteriorly; in developed specimens

short, and rounded in undeveloped. Legs and antennz

testaceous; apex of latter black.

Developed form rare.

Length 1 line.

Not uncommon in moss, &e.

3. cervina, ee Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

ple Ve. 01.

Larger than either of the preceding species ; testaceous.

Head brown. Antennz and legs reddish; apex of former

black. Thorax with three keels, the cde ones abbre-

viated; sides much expanded, angulated in front at their

juncture with front margin, with 3—4 rows of meshes. Disk

largely punctured, posteriorly meshed. Elvtra meshed.

Side margins very wide at the shoulders, with three rows

of meshes; narrow in the middle, with one row; and

wider again towards the apex, with two rows. Beneath

testaceous-brown.

Length 13 line.

Rare ; in moss, &e.

4. nigrina, Fall.

A more convex species than any other of this genus.

Dark iron grey. Head and antenne black ; third joint

sometimes reddish. Sides of thorax with two rows of

fine meshes. Disk with three keels, the side ones abbre-

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 255

viated. Anterior angles rounded. Tlytra finely and

regularly meshed; sides with one row of meshes; sutural

area with three rows.

Length 1 line.

Scotland.

5. macrophthalma, Vieb.

Only differs from the former in its paler colour, and in

the sutural area having two rows of meshes only. I have,

however, a specimen in which on one side a third row is

set up; and I am therefore inclined to doubt the value of

this species.

Length 1 line.

ARADID A.

I. Seutellum semicircular Le ae ae -. Anenrus,

II. Scutellum triangular .. 26 se se .. dAradus.

ANEURUS.-

1. levis, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. ix.

fig. 8.

Exceedingly flat ; deep brown, punctured. Head with

a very projecting central lobe and a triangular projection

on each side, between it and the eye. Antenne with

the terminal joint as long as second and third together.

Thorax subtrapezoidal, slightly sinuate at its sides. Seu-

tellum large, rounded. Corium exceedingly short. Mem-

brane very large, finely reticulated ; the abdomen pro-

jecting all round it.

Length 24—3 lines.

Under bark; generally distributed.

ARADUS.

A. Second joint of antennz short and thick,

much shorter than third and fourth

together .. ae oc SC .. depressus.

AA. Second joint of antenne more elongate,

nearly as long as third and fourth toge-

ther.

a. Species brown ate aS ar -. corticalis.

b. Species deep black... 5D ve -- aterrimus.

1. depressus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. ix. fig: 9.

Head, thorax, antennz and scutellum brown; granu-

254 Mr. Saunders’ Synopsis o

no}

lated. Thorax with four granulated keels on the disk ;

sides foliaceous, widely reflexed, with a clear white spot

near the anterior angle, Soutatan granulated in front;

transversely rugose ‘posteriorh y; its sides much reflexed.

Elytra pale Ww shitish, posteriorly brown. Sides much

dilated at the base. "Membrane brown, paler at the base.

Nerves white. Connexivum red-brown. Legs pale.

Length 3 lines.

Under bark, &c. ; not rare.

2. corticalis, Linn. Fig. Curtis, Brit. Ent. v. pl. 230.

Dull brown. Thorax with four granulated keels on

the disk. Sides foliaceous, irregularly dentate in front ;

narrowly reflexed. Base deeply sinuate in the middle.

Scutellum finely granulated, with its margins slightly

raised. Elytra rather paler towards the base ; sliehtly

dilated at the shoulders. Connexivum brown, each seg-

ment with a paler spot at the apex. Antennz with the ~

apex of third joint pale.

Length 3 lines.

Rare; under bark of firs; West Wickham, Kent.

3. aterrimus, Dougl. & Scott.

Deep black. Thorax with four granular keels; lateral

margins narrow, and but slightly reflexed posteriorly ;

base nearly straight. Scutellum with the sides much

raised. LElytra slightly dilated at the shoulders, with

strongly marked nerves. Connexivum with a yellowish

spot at the posterior angle of each segment.

Length 2? lines.

Darenth Wood. One specimen, Douglas.

CAPSID 2.

J. Head channelled in the centre, or transversely im-

pressed on the vertex,

A. First joint of tarsi much longer than second.

B. Head not channelled, vertex impressed -. Acetropis.

BB. Head channelled down the middle.

C. Head longer than broad.

a. Base of thorax truncate, covering the base

of the scutellum. Scutellum punctured JWiris.

b. Base of thorax emarginate, not covering

the base of the scutellum. Scutellum

smooth .. an ae ve -- Megalocerea.

British Hemip tera-Heteroptera. O55

. Head much broader than long.

a. Elongate, depressed, smooth fs .. TLeratocoris.

b. Elongate, not depressed, covered with long

hairs oe ye ee ae .. Leptopterna.

AA. First joint of tarsi not longer than second .. Pantilius.

II. Head not channelled or transversely impressed.

_ Thorax with the anterior margin raised and

rounded, or constricted into a short, co!lar-

like neck, or much constricted in front and

much raised and widened behind, with the

posterior margin largely emarginate, the

callosities often very prominent.

B. Thorax not much raised posteriorly, base not

widely emarginate.

C. Membrane with two cells.

D. Sides of the thorax sharp in front .. .. Lops.

DD. Sides of the thorax not sharp in front.

KE. Neck more or less swollen, head not divided

from the neck by a carina, or raised line.

F. Membrane marbled .- ar .s .. Phytocoris.

FF. Membrane not marbled.

G. Rostrum extending beyond the posterior coxe.

a. Posterior tibie long; nearly twice as long

as the intermediate ones aie .. Miridius.

b. Posterior tibize not so long; not more than

once and a half as long as the posterior

ones Sc Ac 20 56 .. Oncognathus.

GG. Rostrum not extending beyond the posterior

Coxe.

H. Species not deeply punctured, or rugose.

a. Second joint of antennx not clavate -. Calocoris.

b. Second joint of antenne thickly clavate. . Rhopalotomus.

TH. Species deeply punctured, or rugose.

a. Species glabrous .- a0 ar -» Capsus.

b. Species hairy > oe ae .. Bothynotus.

EE. Neck not swollen, head carinated posteriorly.

¥. Carina visible only near the eye on each side.

a. Suboval, third and fourth joints of antennz

subequal .. s aC er .. Liocoris.

b. Subelongate, fourth joint much shorter

than third at = se .. Dichrooscytus.

FF. Carina visible throughout.

. Species covered with golden, deciduous,

scattered pubescence ee oe .. Paeciloscytus.

. Species not covered with golden pubescence.

. Species more or less pubescent.

. Vertex very wide ne ae on -« Hadrodema.

. Vertex not very wide.

a. Thorax transyersely rugose ar .» Plesiocoris.

b. Thorax not transversely rugose .. .. Lygus.

=r)

EE.

AA.

—

Mr. BABaunders’ Synopsis of — .

Species glabrous ee ic a os

Membrane with one cell.

a. Third and fourth joints of antenna sub-

equal

b. Third joint distinctly longer than fourth

. Thorax much raised posteriorly; posterior

margin largely emarginate.

. First joint of tarsi twice or three times longer

than second we

. First joint of tarsi not much longer than

second.

. Eyes touching or almost touching the anterior

margin of the thorax,

. Second joint of the antennx longer than the

third and fourth together.

a. Callosities of the thorax very prominent. .

b. Callosities of the thorax not prominent. .

. Second joint of antennx not so long as the

third and fourth together.

. Antennx somewhat robust, thorax with long

scattered hairs ae

Antenne very fine, thorax not hairy.

. Thorax with an elongate collar 35 xc

Thorax without an elongate collar.

. Species nearly entirely green, elytra subdia-

phanous a oe oe oe ee

. Species not green, elytra not diaphanous.

a. Cells of wings without a hook-like nerve

b. Cells with a hook-like nerve

. Eyes situated at some distance from the front

margin of the thorax.

. Species not green, head constricted behind the

eyes; eyes large.

a. Posterior thighs grooved ae oe

b. Posterior thighs not grooved .. a0

Species green, head not constricted behind the

eyes; eyes small on oe 5e

Thorax with the anterior margin not raised

and rounded, nor constricted into a short

collar-like neck, nor much constricted in

front and widened behind, with the posterior

margin emarginate.

. Eyes not nearly touching the anterior margin

of the thorax..

Eyes touching or nearly touching the anterior

margin.

Posterior tibie more or less curved and flat-

tened .. oe ae

. Posterior tibia not curved and flattened.

Wing cells without a hook-like nerve.

Vertex of head covering the front margin of

the thorax or produced posteriorly and more

or less rounded,

Camptobrochis,

Bryocoris.

Monalocoris.

Pithanus.

Globiceps.

Cyllocoris.

BProticoris.

Campy loneura.

Etorhinus.

Chlamydatus.

Byrsoptera.

Systellonotus.

Dicyphus.

Macrolophus.

Malacocoris.

Pilophorus.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 257

E*, Short and stout, not covered with yellow or

white scale-like pubescence.

a. Antennze very long and thin, nearly twice as

long asthe body .. sister “et .. Halticus.

b. Antenne not long and thin .. a5 .. Stiphrosoma.

E*E*, More or less elongate, black, covered with

short yellow or whitish scale-like hairs .. Heterocordylus.

EE. Head not covering the front margin of the

thorax, nor produced posteriorly.

F. Second joint of antennz not much dilated and

flattened,

G. Insect covered with short deciduous golden or

whitish hairs . ° ac - Orthocephalus.

GG. Insect not Eerie with short dacauate melden

or whitish hairs.

a, Second joint of antennz very long,

once and a half as long as the third

and fourth together .. a6 .. Loxops.

b, Second joint of antennze not nearly so

long as the third and fourth together Orthotylus.

FF, Second joint of antennz much dilated and

flattened ee a6 an 5e .. Heterotoma.

DD. Wing cells with a hook-like nerve.

E. Body dull and opaque.

F. Tibiz spotted with black ae ee e. Anotherops.

FF. Tibiz not spotted

G. Species more or less densely hairy; hairs

chiefly black.

H. Eyes not very small, distance between the eyes

not so wide as twice the width of the eye,

lateral margin of thorax not sharp.

a. Antenne subrobust throughout -- Hoplomachus.

b. Antenne very thin at the apex -- Macrocoleus,

HU. Eyes very small, vertex much wider than

GG.

twice the width of the eye, side margins of

the thorax more or less sharp oe -- Amblytylus.

Species without black hairs, pubescence very

fine and regular.

a. Head across the eyes not nearly so wide

as the base of the thorax .. - Oncotylus.

b. Head across the eyes as wide or ne ani

as wide as the base of the thorax .. Conostethus.

. Body more or less shining.

. Second joint of antenne shorter than third.. Harpocera.

. Second joint of antennz longer than third.

Elongate, depressed, elytra parallel-sided,

tibize with pale spines x 46 . Phylus.

. Not elongate, depressed and paratietarasal

tibiz with black spines.

. Elytra covered with a short, deciduons, scale-

like, pale pubescence.

a. Second joint of antennz much incras-

sated.. . - .. Atractotomus.

b. Second joint of antennx not thickened Psallus.

258 Mr. WSaunders’ Synopsis of

HH. Elytra withont short, decidnous, seale-like

hairs; pubescence generally grey and ad-

pressed oe oe 4 A .. Plagiognathus.

ACETROPIS.

1. Gimmerthalii, Flor. = seticulosa, Dougl. & Scott.

Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. x. fig. 5.

és Elongate, nearly parallel-sided. g. Elongate, sub-

elliptic. Pale bone eous, sometimes slightly ereenish, with

scattered erect black hairs. Head with a central dark

line, and a dark margin to the eyes. Thorax with the

sides very thin and slightly reflexed ; a narrow line bor-

dering the pale dorsal line, and a wider one about midway

between it and the lateral margin, brown. Seutellum

with a brown line on each side of the disk. Elytra,

within the discal nerve of the corium, slightly darkened ;

nerves very prominent in the ¢. Legs and antenne the

same colour as the upper surface in the é, rather darker

italy, i

Length 2? lines.

In damp places by sweeping. Woking, Deal, New

Forest, &e.

Miris.

A. Hind thighs toothed beneath .. 50 -» calearatus.

AA. Hind thighs not toothed.

a. Insect elongate, face with a distinct im-

pression extending to its apex .. -- levigatus.

b. Insect subrobust, face impressed deeply

only near the forehead .. oe .» holsatus.

1. calcaratus, Fall. Fig. (dentata) Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1.

15, fig. 8 (not wood).

Ochreous or green. Antenne and tarsi in green speci-

mens more or less red. ‘Thorax and scutellum deeply

punctured, the former with a dark stripe down each side

at some distance from the margin. lytra, in some speci-

mens, with a short brown line on the clavus and a narrow

aya stripe down the corium; in others almost con-

colorous throughout. Legs, with the thighs, more or less

spotted; hind thighs with two sharp teeth. Antenne

shortly pilose, a apical joint and basal joint about equal in

leneth, third and fourth together shorter than second.

Length 3}—4 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 259

2. levigatus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. x. fig. 4.

Ochreous or green. Antenne and tarsi in green’

specimens red. ‘Thorax and scutellum closely and deeply

punctured; sides of former sinuate, with a brown stripe

within the margin as in the preceding species. Elytra

concolorous throughout, or nearly so. Thighs spotted,

unarmed. Antenne: first joint densely pilose, shorter

than apical joint; third and fourth together longer than

second.

Length 3}—4 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

3. holsatus, Fab. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iii. fig. 256.

Shorter and broader than either of the preceding,

Head and thorax more or less pale brown, with a darker

stripe on each side. Thorax deeply punctur ed, its sides and

base nearly straight. Klytra inwardly brown, outwardly

pale green. Thighs spotted. Antenne: first joint short

and stout, covered with short brown hairs; third and fourth

together considerably longer than second, fourth four-

fifths as long as third. Beneath ochreous or green.

Length 3—34 lines.

Not uncommon in grassy places, by sweeping.

MEGALOCERAA.

A. Third joint of antenne much shorter than

second .. +. ac os AG -» erratica.

AA. Third joint of antenne as long as the second.

1. Antenne obscure, longer than body; basal

joint long, three-quarters as long as the

head and thorax together a0 -- longicornis.

2. Antenne red, about the same length as

body, basal joint scarcely longer than

head AG me oe es -- Puficornis.

1. erratica, Linn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. ii. fig. 163,

164.

Pale green, with three stripes on the head and four on

the thorax black; or black, with the sides of thorax and

elytra yellowish-green; in the latter the dorsal line of

the thorax and of the scutellum and the crown of the

head are generally pale also. Tibiz and antennz densely

pubescent, thighs more or less spotted, third joint of

260 Mr. SP Saunders’ Synopsis of

antenne considerably shorter than second, fourth and first

subequal.

Length 4 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

longicornis, Fall. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. ii. fig.

258.

Rather larger than the preceding, with much longer

antennee ; pale- -green, thorax more or less fuscous in the

middle. Legs and antennz shortly haired; tibiz finely

spined on their inner margins. Antenne darkened towards

the apex; second and third joints subequal, fourth joint

shorter than the first.

Length 4 lines.

By sweeping ; not abundant.

3. ruficornis, Fall.

Green, with the antennx and tarsi more or less red.

Much smaller than either of the preceding, with thicker

antenne. Thorax and scutellum often with a pale dorsal

line, bordered on each side with a narrow brown one; there

is also a brown stripe in some near the lateral margin.

Antenne with the second and third joints subequal, and

the fourth rather shorter than the first.

Length 24—3 lines.

Common by sweeping, especially in damp places.

TERATOCORIS.

A. Third joint of antenne about four-fifths as

long as second 45 oe ate -- antennatus.

AA. Third joint of antennz scarcely more than

half so long as second.

a. Basal joint of antennzx in ¢ not so long as

fourth. Thorax and scutellum in ¢ black,

with light markings; 9, first joint of an-

tennz once and a half as long as head ;

insect livid green .. ake we a OUTUAUS.

b. Basal joint of antenne in ¢ as long as

fourth. Thorax and scutellum pale, with

black markings; 9, first joint of antenne

once and two-thirds as long as head; insect

bright green ae oe ve .. Saundersi.

1. antennatus, Boh., var. = dorsalis, Doug]. & Scott. Fig.

Ent. Annual, 1866. Frontisp. fig. 4—4*.

Pale green, or greenish-yellow. Head black, with a

pale spot on each ‘side of the base. Thorax black, with

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 261

the callosities and hind angles yellowish; scutellum black.

Elytra with the apex of the clavus widely black, and with

a broad black margin to the suture of the corium, the black

colour often covering the apex, and also extending on to

the disk just above the middle. Apex of femora and the

tibiz more or less red. Antenne with the first joint

reddish, narrowly black at the base; second joint red,

third and fourth brown.

Length 2—3 lines.

Wicken Fen and Reigate; in marshy places.

2. viridis, Dougl. & Scott. Fig. Ent. Month. Mag.

vol, iv. pl. 1. fig. 2.

Pale green, ¢ with the head and thorax black; the

former with a yellowish spot on each side at the base; the

latter with a spot on each side of the disk, and the posterior

angles green. LElytra green.

¢ with only a line down the centre of the head black.

Antennz in both sexes green, dusky towards the apex;

basal joint shorter than the apical joint.

Length 2 lines.

3. Saundersi, Dougl. & Scott.

Bright green. ¢ with a black streak extending from

the front of the head nearly or quite to the apex of the

scutellum, and a small black line near the anterior angle

of the thorax ; hind femora and tarsi more or less reddish

at the apex. Antennz red; basal joint, except at the

apex, green ; basal and apical joints subequal.

@ paler than male; in developed specimens the black

line only visible on the head and thorax, not extending to

the scutellum; in undeveloped form entirely green.

Length 3 lines.

Deal; on rushes, &c. in marshy places; near the sand-

hills.

LEPTOPTERNA.

A. Hairs of legs and antennz long and project-

ing. Elytra with a wide lateral yellow

stripe .. : os ee .. dolobrata.

AA, Hairs of legs and antennz shorter, not so pro-

jecting. Elytra almost unicolorous, or with

a very narrow lateral band .. ee «» ferrugata.

1. dolobrata, Linn.

6 Head and thorax black, the former with a spot near

each eye, and another, longitudinal one, above the mouth ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.) x

262 Mr. Psaunders Synopsis of

the latter with the dorsal line and lateral margins yellow.

Scutellum black; dorsal line yellow, the colour spreading

suddenly near the middle. Elytra inwardly dull brown,

margins widely yellow; legs pale, more or less spotted.

Antenne black; first joint more or less pale. Beneath

yellow, variegated.

¢ wider, almost always with the elytra not fully de-

veloped, much paler than ¢; scutellum entirely pale, the

yellow also predominating on the thorax.

Length 4 lines.

Common by sweeping.

2. ferrugata, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

plex. fie. 6.

Narrower than the preceding, and much duller n

colour. Head black, with a narrow stripe on the inner

margin of each eye. Thorax black, with the dorsal lme

and side margins pale. Scutellum black, with the dorsal

line pale. Elytra dull, pinkish-brown, with the margin

narrowly ochreous. Legs more or less spotted. Antenne

black, second joint brown. ¢ generally undeveloped.

This species varies much in colour.

Length 4 lines.

Common, by sweeping, &c.

PANTILIUS.

1. tunicatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. Xi. fig. 2.

Greenish-red to reddish-brown, sprinkled with very

small black spots, from each of which ‘is a short thick

black hair. Thorax with a narrow collar in front, lateral

margins with sharp edges, nearly straight. Elytra with

the margins narrowly pale. Cuneus often of a blood-red

colour on its inner margin; membrane with the nerves

red. Antenne and legs pale, more or less tinged with

red. Apex of 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints of the former red,

or red brown; second joint three times as long as first ;

third joint } as long as second; fourth 3 as long as third.

Length 4 lines.

On hazels, not uncommon in August and September.

Loprus.

A. Legs and antenne densely covered with long

black hairs .. Se -» gothicus.

AA, Legs and antenne without long black hairs,

or only with occasional ones,

a. Thighs withared ring .. am +» mat,

b. Thighs without a red ring a «» sulcatus.

;

British Hemiptera-Hetero ptera. 263

1. gothicus, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 92, 15.

Black, covered with erect black hairs; head with a

small yellow spot near each eye; sides of the thorax in

front yellow; scutellum with the apex red; elytra with

the exterior margin of the corium, except at its extreme

apex, yellow; cuneus red, with the apex and the inner

margin black. Legs and antenne black.

Var. superciliosus. Entirely black, except the pale

sides to the corium.

Length 3—34 lines.

2. mat, Ross. Fig. (miles) Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig. 7.

Very similar to the preceding in colour, but at once dis-

tinguished by the absence of the erect black hairs on the

surface, in place of which is a fine yellow adpressed pu-

bescence; the red colour on the sides of the thorax is

generally wider, and the dorsal line is also in most speci-

mens red. Thighs each with a red ring; tibiz also often

pale in the middle.

Length 3—3} lines.

3. sulcatus, Fieb.

Like the two preceding: species in colour, except that

the markings are paler; but at once distinguishable by its

longer form, the narrower thorax in front, with sinuate

sides, and the sulcate scutellum.

Length 3—3} lines.

Portsmouth and Slapton.

PHyYTOCORIS.

I. Species black or grey.

A. Lateral margins of corium dark throughout,

without marbling or spots .. ve .- distinctus.

AA. Lateral margins marbled or spotted.

B. Dark bands of the intermediate tibix very

distinct; much narrower than the inter-

vening pale bands; basal band not wider

than the others.

a. Elytra very long, dull grey, very indis-

tinctly mottled .. be ee .. longipennis.

b. Elytra shorter, black and green, or black

and yellow; marbling distinct .. -. tiie.

BB. Dark bands of the intermediate tibize not very

distinct, nearly as wide or wider than the

pale bands; basal band generally wider

than the rest.

C. Basal joint of the antennz longer than the

thorax.

a. Larger; second and third joints of antenne,

exceedingly narrowly pale at the base .. popwili.

x 2

264 Me™. Saunders’ Synopsis of

b. Smaller; second and third joints of an-

tenn, rather widely pale at the base .. Zeuteri.

CC. Basal joint of antennz not so long as thorax pini.

II. Species red-brown.

a. Basal joint of antenne not thickened, and

set with strong bristly black hairs; scu-

tellum without a pale central line .. ulmi.

b. Basal joint of antennz thickened, and not

set with strong bristly black hairs; seu-

tellum with a pale central line o. varipes.

1. distinctus, Dougl. & Scott.

Head and thorax brownish-grey, the latter more or less

clouded with black posteriorly; the basal margin white.

Scutellum black-brown, with a spot on each side, and the

apex white. Clavus and corium uniformly black or black-

brown, with the exception of a square spot above the

cuneus, clothed with intermixed black and pale-grey hairs.

Cuneus paler, with the margins more or less darkened ;

membrane marbled. Femora mottled, especially near the

apex. Tibiz barred with black.

Length 3}—4 lines.

On poplars; Blackheath, &c.

Easily distinguished by the unicolorous corium from

all the other species.

2. longipennis, Flor.

= dimidiatus, Dougl. & Scott.

Greyish-brown, indistinctly mottled with lighter colour.

Legs with thighs mottled, especially near the apex; tibiee

barred with black. This and the following species (var.

dubius, Dougl. & Scott) are sometimes very much alike

in colouring, but this may be distinguished by the longer,

thinner antennz, longer elytra, which are more indistinctly

mottled, and by the distinct narrow black rings on the

intermediate tibiz; it is, also, altogether a more graceful

looking insect.

Length 33—4 lines.

On oaks, &c.; not rare.

3. populi, Linn.

Var. = dubius, Dougl. & Scott.

Sometimes nearly black, mottled with brown, or greyish-

brown mottled with lighter colour; very variable. In

the darker varieties the first joint of the antenne is generally

longitudinally streaked with black ; in the paler varieties

it is mottled. I cannot, however, imagine that such a

character alone should be of specific value.

Length 34 lines.

On poplar, lime, oak, &e.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 265

4, tiie, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. x. fig. 8.

Var. = marmoratus, Dougl. & Scott.

Pale green or yellow, more or less mottled, and marked

with black and brown; sides of the thorax and base some-

times widely black. Thighs mottled; tibize barred with

black.

Length 34 lines.

On oaks, &c.

A very pretty and variable species, the elytra some-

times (in var. marmoratus) being nearly black speckled

with yellow, and with a larger yellow spot on the lateral

margin, besides the cuneus and the spot on the corium

adjoining it. At other times the elytra are green, with

only occasional darker markings. Between these extreme

varieties all sorts of intermediate colourings may be found.

The bright clear markings distinguish this species from

all its allies.

5. Reuterti, Saund.

= crassipes? Dougl. & Scott, nee Flor.

Grey-brown, indistinctly mottled with lighter brown ;

corium inwardly darker ; legs barred much as in popult,

from which it is easily distinguished by its shorter, smaller

form and less marbled elytra.

Length 33 lines.

On apple trees, &c.

6. pint, Kirsch.

Colour and marbling almost exactly like the preceding,

but at once distinguishable by the short first joint of the

antennz and the much shorter posterior tibize.

Length 34 lines.

On firs; Scotland.

7. varipes, Boh. Fig. (ulm?) H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. in.

fig. 234.

= ulmi, Dougl. & Scott, &c., nee Linn. |

Brownish-red or ochreous-brown ; elytra with irregular

longitudinal darker markings ; lateral margins narrowly

mottled. Cuneus marbled with purplish-red ; membrane

marbled with grey. Femora brown, with lighter mark-

ings; front tibiz with two rings, and the apex, brown ;

intermediate tibize with a very narrow ring near the base,

sometimes scarcely visible ; posterior tibiz with the base

widely brown. Antenne: first joint marbled, and with long

266 Mr. Saunders Synopsis of

projecting concolorous hairs; rest brown, with the base

of second pale.

Length 34 lines.

1 7 . .

Common by sweeping, &c., in summer.

8. ulmi, Linn. Fig. (divergens) Mey. Caps. pl. 1.

fie. 1.

= divergens, Dougl. & Scott, &c.

Similar to the preceding in colour, but with the elytra

finely mottled, more densely pubescent, and without the

dark lines. Cuneus generally blood-red, except at the

base. The antennz are longer, and the basal joint

thinner, and set with scattered, strong, black, bristly

hairs; legs as in the preceding, but the rings on the front

legs scarcely visible.

Length 3i—33 lines.

By beating and sweeping ; not uncommon.

Miripivs.

1, qguadrivirgatus, Costa. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. x. fig. 7.

Pale yellowish-white, finely pubescent. Head, thorax

and scutellum with two longitudinal brown stripes, extend-

ing from the mouth to the apex of the scutellum; sides

of the thorax also brown. Elytra: clavus outwardly

widely brown, nerves pale; corium brown between the

nerves; cuneus red-brown in the middle, its margin

pale; membrane darkened round the nerves, and also

with a darker stripe below the cell. Legs and antennz

pale, finely spotted with red-brown.

Length 43 lines.

By sweeping; Deal, Lowestoft, Worthing; rare.

ONCOGNATHUS.

1. dbinotatus. Fab. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iii. fig. 296.

Green or yellowish-green, clothed with black hairs,

intermixed with scattered deciduous golden ones. Thorax

generally with two small round black spots on the disk.

Corium often with two longitudinal stripes, posteriorly

more or less black. Membrane dusky; nerves and @

wide margin on each side of them paler. Legs with the

the thighs spotted.

Length 4 lines.

Very common, by sweeping, &c.

British Hemiptera- Heteroptera. 267

Catocoris, Fieb.

I. Apex of cuneus more or less widely black.

A. Scutellum dark.

a. Corium unicolorous throughout .. -. fulvomaculatus.

b. Corium widely pale, exteriorly at the

shoulders ac AG oe -- seticornis.

AA. Scutellum pale, except at the base.

a. Elytra pale yellow, with longitudinal

dark striz Sic a6 ae .. striatellus.

b. Elytra black, with pale yellow spots .. sexguttatus.

II. Apex of cuneus not black, or only so at the very

extreme apex.

A. Species not green, nor greyish-green.

B. Surface dull, more or less pubescent.

C. Thorax black, with pale markings.

a. Basal joint of antennz longer than head striatus.

b. Basal joint of antennz robust, not so long

as head .. ats -¢ oc .. marginellus.

CC. Thorax not black.

a, Apical joint of antenne not nearly so

long as the third Be ne .. ticinensis.

b. Apical joint of antennz almost as long

as third .. ac ae ac -. roseomaculatus.

BB. Surface glabrous, shining .- ac -. infusus.

AA. Species green or greyish-green.

B. Third and fourth joints of antenne as thick

as the rest .. ae = SiC -- chenopodit.

BB. Third and fourth joints of antennz thinner

than the rest.

a. Apical joint longer than third .. -» alpestris.

b. Apical joint not so long as third +: bipunctatus.

1. fulvomaculatus, De Geer. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. xi. fig. 1.

Dull greyish-brown, clothed with a pale, golden, scale-

like pubescence. Head generally with a pale spot near

each eye. Thorax dark, with a pale spot on the dorsal

line; or pale, with the anterior portion and a spot on each

side of the base dark. Elytra of the same colour as the

thorax. Cuneus orange-coloured, with the apex widely

black. Legs and antennz reddish-brown ; femora irregu-

larly spotted with darker brown; second joint of antenna

darker at the apex.

Length 3 lines.

On various shrubs and bushes; often very abundantly.

2. seticornis, Fab. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 114

(lateralis).

Head and thorax black, shining; the latter often with

a red spot on the disk. Elytra dark brownish-black,

268 Mr. © Saunders’ Synopsis of

clothed with a pale golden deciduous pubescence. Corium

with a triangular spot, on its exterior margin, at the base,

pale ochreous. Cuneus red, with the apex « ‘and the interior

basal angle black, or occasionally entirely black. Mem-

brane dark fuscous. Femora black, extreme apices paler ;

tibie of two anterior pairs pale. Antenne: first and

second jomnts dark, third and fourth paler.

Length 3}—4 lines.

Very rare; Isle of Wight.

3. striatellus, Fab, Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 218.

— var. fornicatus, Dougl. & Scott.

Pale yellow. Head variegated with brown and black.

Thorax shining, with the base more or less widely, except

the actual margin, and two spots on each side of ‘the disk,

black. Scutellum pale black at the base. LElytra covered

with fine adpressed hairs. Clavus and corium longitudi-

nally streaked with black. Cuneus with the apex widely

black. Membrane dusky; nerves, and a spot on each

side below the apex of the cuneus, pale. Thighs reddish,

with a paler band near the middle; tibie paler, their apices

and tarsi brown. Antenne with the apex of second and

the whole of the third and fourth joints brown.

Length 33—4 lines.

Common, by beating trees, &c.

A, sexguttatus, Fab. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. in. fig. 295.

Head black, with a pale spot near each eye above the

insertion of the antenne. Thorax black, with the collar,

dorsal line, and an elongate marginal spot on each side,

pale yellow. Scutellum black at the base, pale at the

apex. Clavus pale at the apex. Corium black, lateral

margin, and an elongate humeral spot, and a small spot

at the interior angle above the membrane, pale yellow.

Cuneus orange-coloured, apex black; membrane dusky,

with a spot at the apex of the cuncus paler. Legs dark

ereyish-brown ; thighs sometimes spotted. Antenne

black.

Length 33 lines.

Not common, by beating and sweeping.

5. striatus, Linn. Fig. Panz. Faun. Germ. 93, 22.

Head and thorax black; the former with the inner

margins of the eyes more or less yellow, the latter with a

yellow spot on the disk ; the size of this spot varies much,

and sometimes spreads all over the thorax. Scutellum

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 269

yellow, with the base and a central line black. Elytra of a

lurid yellow, the nerves margined with black; cuneus

orange-coloured. Membrane dusky, with a transparent

spot below the apex of the cuneus. Legs red; tarsi and

the base of the posterior tibiz black. Antenne: first jomt

generally red, rest black; base of third yellow.

Length 5—54 lines.

Occasionally by beating trees, &c.

6. marginellus, Fab. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. ii. fig. 202

(scriptus).

Head and thorax black, the latter with the collar,

dorsal line at the base and a short line on each side near

the posterior angle, yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra

with the clavus exteriorly yellow. Corium widely yellow

or orange-coloured on the lateral margins; brown or black

on the disk, often with a yellow stripe within the discal

nerve. Cuneus orange-coloured. Membrane dusky.

Legs dusky-brown. Antenne black.

Length 4 lines.

Very rare. To be looked for by sweeping and beating.

7. ticinensis, Mey. Fig. Meyer, Caps. T. vi. fig. 1.

Dull red, the cuneus sometimes paler. Head and the

tubercles in front of the thorax sometimes more or less

brown. Thighs spotted with brown, or in some very dark

specimens the hind thighs are almost black. Surface of

head and thorax shining; elytra dull, clothed with rather

long yellow hairs.

Length 33—4 lines.

By sweeping in marshes near Gomshall and Chobham,

Surrey.

8. roseomaculatus, De Geer. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i.

fig. 104 ( ferrugatus).

Head black, with a yellow line round the eye; or more

or less red, with paler markings. Thorax pale green or

egreenish-yeliow, with a wide brown stripe on each side of

the disk, and often with the tubercles in front dark-brown

or black. Scutellum pale, with the dorsal line and base

widely black in the #, but with only a faint dark line down

the centre in the ?. LElytra: clavus red, with the apex

green; corium green or greenish-yellow, with two elongate

red spots placed side by side above the cuneus, red; these

are sometimes confluent. Cuneus pale. Legs in ¢ dull

reddish, spotted with brown on the thighs; in ? greenish,

Li)

70 Mr. EY Saunders’ Synopsis of

spotted on thighs with red. Antenne brown or red, with

the basal joint in the @ often black.

Length 34 lines.

Very common by sweeping, &e.

9. infusus, H.-Seff. Fig. H.-Sceff. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig.

381.

Yellow or orange-yellow; glabrous, very variable in

colour ; sometimes almost unicolorous : ; at others, with the

posterior margin of the thorax, the scutellum, and a wide

band across the apex of the corium, black; legs and

antennz red; between these extreme colourations there is

nearly every g eradation, the posterior band often appearing

only as a spot in the centre of the apical margin of the

corium.

Length 34 lines.

Not common ; ; on oaks; Lewisham, Chobham, and

Gomshall, Surrey.

10. chenopodit, Fall. Fig. Faun. Germ. 93, 21.

Dull green or grey ish-green, often with two small round

spots on the posterior “portion of the thorax; a wide

central line on the scutellum, the clavus and a large

triangular spot on the corium, widest posteriorly, brown ;

internal angle of cuneus also ‘of the same colour. Head

and thorax. shining, punctured. Llytra dull, covered

with fine golden hairs. Legs more or less brown. Thighs

spotted. Antennz brown.

Length 4 lines.

Common on Ononis, &c., in summer.

Easily distinguished from our other green species by

the thick third and fourth joints of the antenne.

11. alpestris, Mey. Fig. Ent. Month. Mag. vol. iv.

pl. 1. fig. 3.

Elongate green, clothed with fine black hairs. Tarsi .

and antenne, except the basal joint, brown. Head, front

of thorax and scutellum paler.

Length 5 lines.

Burton-on-Trent and Gibside.

Longer and narrower than its allies, and distinguishable

by the ‘Jong apical joint to the antenne.

12. bipunctatus, Fab.

Green or brownish-green, clothed with short black

hairs, and with occasional paler ones; thorax finely

British Hemiptera-Hetero ptera. 271

punctured and wrinkled, with two small round black

spots in front. Elytra sometimes with one or two obscure

brownish longitudinal lines near the apex; cuneus pale;

membrane black, the nerves pale; antennz green, darker

towards the apex.

Length 34 lines.

Very common by sweeping, &c.

RHOPALOTOMUS.

1. ater, Linn. Fig. Doug. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. xiv.

fie. 7.

Entirely black, or black with red legs, or with the

thorax, and head at the base, also red. Thorax punc-

tured, and transversely rugose posteriorly. Elytra covered

with very fine depressed greyish hairs. Membrane dusky

black. Antenne: second joint club-shaped, densely

pubescent.

Length 3 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c. among nettles.

CAPSsus.

1. Cuneus red, with apex black.. Be ac - laniarius.

2. Entire insect black, with the scutellum sometimes red .. sceutellaris.

1. laniarius, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xiv. fig. 8.

= capillaris, Dougl. & Scott, &c.

Black or reddish-ochreous, deeply punctured; the

cuneus, with the exception of the black apex and interior

basal angle, always red; in the black variety the corium is

sometimes pale at the base, and the thorax round its mar-

gins. Legs with the thighs black at the base, reddish at

the apex; tibize red, hind pair with a dark-brown line

exteriorly near the base. Antenne black, third and fourth

joints paler, and sometimes the middle of second.

Length 3—4 lines.

Common by sweeping in summer.

2. scutellaris, Fab.

Entirely black, or with the scutellum bright red, very

deeply and somewhat rugosely punctured. Scutellum

shining and impunctate.

Length 23 lines.

Very rare; by beating and sweeping. Dartford, Rei-

272 Mr. P ssnaers Synopsis of

gate, East Dereham and Woolmer Forest. July and

August.

Smaller than preceding, more rugosely punctured, and

with the scutellum impunctate and more shining.

Boruynortus.

1. ptlosus, Boh. Fig. Ent. Ann. 1866. Frontisp. fig. 3.

$ black-brown, covered with long brownish-grey hairs.

ily tra punctured, brown, subtransparent, with the cuneus

darker. Thorax very deeply and coarsely punctured.

Legs pale brown.

@ generally apterous, black. Thorax and elytra ru-

gosely punctured. Head, legs, and first and second joints

of antenne, except the apex ‘of the latter, red. Head

generally w ith two brown frontal spots.

Length $ 3 lines; ¢ 23 lines.

Very rare ; on the hills between Loch Long and Loch

Lomond. July, 1865.

Liocoris.

1. 3-pustulatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

1. xv. fig. 4.

Black or luteous, shining, glabrous; in the black var.

with the head, except Just above the mouth, a dorsal line

to the thorax widening in front, the scutellum, a very

small spot behind each siealders a wide band near the

middle of the corium, a very small spot on each just above

the angle of the membrane and the cuneus, except at the

base and apex, flavous or reddish-yellow. | Membrane

dusky, with a clear spot below the apex of the cuneus.

Legs pale, two rings on each thigh; the base and apex of

each tibia, and a ring below the base, as well as the apex

of tarsi, black. Antenne black: base of the first joint,

middle of second, and the third and fourth, brownish.

In the pale variety, a spot in the front of the head, a

spot at each posterior angle of thorax, a wide band behind

the middle of the corium, the base and apex of cuneus, and

the markings on the leg es, as in the dark form, are alone

black. Beneath black, “with the sides widely pale. An-

tenn with the apex of second joint narrowly black.

This very pretty species varies so much that it is useless

to attempt to give all its varieties; two of the more usual

ones are above given.

Length 24 lines.

Very common by sweeping amongst nettles, &c.

British Hem iptera-Heteroptera. Pat (es

Dicurooscytus, Fieb.

1. rufipennis, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig. 8.

Head and thorax green. Scutellum more or less

orange-coloured. Elytra blood red, with the lateral mar-

gins narrowly green. Membrane slightly dusky, nerves

red. Beneath: legs and antenne green, the latter reddish

towards the apex.

Length 3—3+ lines.

On fir trees; not rare.

Pa@cILOScyTUs.

I. Corium unicolorous, without flavous markings.

a. Insect depressed, corium covered with golden

hairs allover .. AD oe we +. nigritus.

b. Insect very convex, corium variegated with

golden hairs in patches .. ie oe -. Gyllenhalii.

II. Corium with bright flayous markings .. aie «+ Unifasciatus.

1. nigritus, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

ple say. die. 9.

Bik clothed with adpressed, bright golden pubes-

cence. Cuneus pale, a spot on its exterior margin near

the apex black; membrane black, the nerves “flavous.

Legs black. Tibize with pale bars.

Length 23 lines.

By sweeping on Stachys, &c.; Mickleham and else-

where.

2. Gyllenhalii, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

ple eve ceen Ie

Short, oval, convex. Black, variegated with small

spots of golden pubescence. Posterior margin of thorax

very narrowly, apex of scutellum, margins of the elytra,

and the entire cuneus, reddish. Legs: femora brown, with

the base and a ring near the apex pale; tibize brown,

paler at the apex; apical joint of the tarsi black. An-

tenn yellowish-red ; base of first joint, apex of second,

third and fourth, brown.

Length 14 line.

Common by sweeping, especially on Galium.

3. unifasciatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig..6. ;

Black, covered with short golden deciduous pubescence ;

274 Mr. Wanders’ Synopsis of

a spot on the head near each eye, the extreme basal mar-

gin of the thorax, the apex of the scutellum and the

corium, with the exception of an irregular patch above

the apex, flavous. Cuneus flavous, with a red patch in-

wardly and a black patch outwardly, the black patch ex-

tending a certain distance across the red; extreme basal

inner angle black. Membrane dusky brown ; nerves pale.

Legs: femora brown ; tibiz paler ; extreme apices black.

Antenne brown; third and fourth joints and apex of

second darker.

Length 3—3} lines.

Not uncommon by sweeping, and widely distributed.

HADRODEMA.

1. pinastri, Fall.. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. u. fig. 173.

Testaceous, finely pubescent, deeply punctured ; callosi-

ties of thorax brown or black; membrane dusky; femora

with two narrow bands, or a few spots, red-brown ; tibiz

with occasional red-brown spots.

Length 24 lines.

On fir trees. Reigate, Weybridge, &c.

Varies much in colour—sometimes being nearly black.

PLESIOCORIS,

1. rugicollis, Fall. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. in.

fic, 299.

Yellowish-green, thorax posteriorly and the elytra

brighter green; margins of the latter paler; disk of the

former transversely rugose. Membrane transparent ;

nerves green. Antennz near the apex and tarsi black.

Length 23? lines.

On willows. Coast of Lancashire and Deal.

Not very unlike Lygus pabulinus, but flatter, with

much shorter antennz and transversely rugose thorax.

Lycus.

I. Species green; thorax not coarsely and deeply punctured.

A. Hind thighs very elongate; spines of tibiz

pale and scarcely apparent le -- pabulinus.

AA, Hind thighs not very elongate; spines of

tibize black.

B. Elytra with a black trausverse spot above

the membrane He re SE .. contaminatus,

BB, Elytra without a black spot above the mem-

brane.

a. Extreme apex of cuneus not black.. Zucorum,

b. Extreme apex of cuneus black .. Spinole.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 275

II. Species not green ; thorax in some species coarsely

and deeply punctured.

A. Species not orange red.

B. Species large and robust ee oe «+ pratensis.

BB. Species small.

C. Legs flavous; hind femora without brown

rings, sometimes spotted .. an +.» pastinace.

CC. Legs brownish or ochreous; hind femora with

two brown rings.

a. Basal ring broader than apical;

second joint of antenne not longer

than third and fourth together .. Kalmii.

b. Basal ring not broader than apical;

second joint of antenne longer

than third and fourth together .. cervinus.

AA. Species orange-red ss a oe «» rubricatus.

1. pabulinus, Linn.

Bright green, clothed with fine pale hairs; apex of the

second joint and the whole of the third and fourth joints

of the antennz brown. Thorax shallowly punctured.

Length 23—3 lines.

Common by sweeping nettles, &c.; easily distinguished

from our other British species by its elongate form, un-

spotted elytra, and the fine pale spines on the tibie.

2. contaminatus, Fall.

Bright green, clothed with very fine pale hairs; a trans-

verse spot on the corium above the membrane, the last

two joints of the antenne, the apex of the second, and

the apex of the tarsi, brown. Membrane slightly dusky,

with a darker spot at the apex of each cell, and a third

below the apex of the cuneus.

Length 3 lines.

On birches, by sweeping, &c.

3. lucorum, Mey. Fig. Meyer, Caps. vi. fig. 2.

Bright green, third and fourth joints of the antennz

brown. LElytra often with a brownish mark just above

the membrane. Membrane with a spot within the cell,

a small spot below the apex of the cuneus, and another

spot below it on the margin, darker.

Length 23 lines.

Not common by sweeping.

4, Spinole, Mey. Fig. Meyer, Caps. i. fig. 2.

Closely allied to the preceding, but differing in being

rather large, having the apex of cuneus black, the mem-

276 Mr. Ra unders’ Synopsis of

brane less spotted and the posterior femora with two

distinct apical rings.

Length 24 lines,

: : ;

Commoner than the preceding by sweeping, &c.

5. pratensis, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig. 2.

Ochreous or ochreous-grey, with brown markings,

exceedingly variable ; thorax strongly punctured; elytra

covered with fine grey pubescence. Scutellum trans-

versely rugose, posterior femora with two dark rings near

the apex; “sometimes united into one broad black ring.

Var. campestris.

Of a greenish tint, scutellum more swollen and less

rugose.

Length 3 lines.

Very common everywhere by sweeping, &c.

6. pastinace, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig. 5.

Short, oval, punctured and covered with a fine ochreous

pubescence. Pale yellowish-green. Clavus, a spot on

the interior angle of each corium, above the membrane,

the extreme apex of the cuneus sometimes, the last two

joints of the antenne and the apex and base of the second,

black. Legs pale, apex of the tarsi black.

Length 2 lines.

Common by sweeping, &c.

Varies much in the “ground colour, also in the size of

the spots, which are sometimes scarcely visible.

7. Kalmii, Linn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 109.

Oval, punctured, clothed with a fine greyish pubescence.

Head ochreous, with an irregular brown spot in the middle.

Thorax brown, with a pale dorsal line not reaching the

anterior margin, and also with the thickened anterior

margin itself, pale. Scutellum flavous, generally with a

dark spot on the base. Elytra with the clavus, a

broad band across the apex of the corium, and the

apex of the cuneus, brown. Legs ochreous, middle pair

of thighs with one brown ring; hind thighs with two

brown rings near the apex. Apex of each tibia also

brown. Antenne brown.

Length 2—2+ lines.

Common on nettles, &c., by sweeping.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 277

Varies much in colour. Thorax often pale, with only

two spots, near the anterior tubercles, black. The band

on the corium is often so indefinite as to be hardly

discernible.

8. cervinus, H.-Scff. Fig. Wanz. Ins. fig. 617 (not good).

Ochreous or ochreous-brown, punctured and covered

with fine ochreous hairs. Scutellum dark, with a spot on

each side of the base, and the dorsal line posteriorly, pale.

Klytra with a more or less distinct red-brown or brown

band above the membrane, sometimes almost obliterated,

being marked only by one or two brown spots above the

interior angle of the cuneus. Apex of cuneus black.

Legs pale, posterior femora with two narrow red or brown

rings. Antenne with the third and fourth joints, and

apex of second, brown or black.

Length 24 lines.

Common on limes, by beating.

9. rubricatus, Fall. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 80.

Elongate, oval. Orange-red, finely punctured, and

clothed with fine greyish-ochreous hairs. Apex of cuneus

rather darkened; membrane dusky, with darker markings.

Antenne with third and fourth joints dusky.

Length 2}—3 lines.

Not uncommon on firs, &e.

CAMPTOBROCHIS.

1. lutescens, Schill. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pL Xv. fie. 9:

= punctulatus, Fieb., Doug]. & Scott.

Short, oval, luteous-brown, very shining, glabrous and

strongly punctured. Head, median line of scutellum and

its lateral angles, sides of the elytra at the base, and

the base and extreme apex of the cuneus, lighter; the

clavus also is sometimes pale. Membrane clear and trans-

parent, with very short rounded cells, dark within them.

Legs pale; hind femora with a dark ring near the apex;

tibize with one or two darker rings. Antenne pale; third

and fourth joints, and apex of second, brown.

Length 15—2 lines.

Not uncommon by beating maples, &c.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1875.—-PART IV. (DEC.) Be

278 Mr. Preainass Synopsis of

MoNALOCORIS.

1. filicis, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. x. fig. 2.

Finely pubescent, piceous or testaceous-brown. Head,

anterior margin of thorax, legs and antennz testaceous;

apex of tarsi, third and fourth and apex of second joints

of antenne, black. Beneath black or pitchy-black ;

membrane slightly dusky.

Length 1—14 line.

On brake (Pteris) and other ferns; common by sweep-

ing.

BRYOCORIS.

1. pteridis, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. x, fig. 1 and 1*:

Developed form.— Head, thorax, scutellum and clayus

black. Corium pale, semitransparent, with a slightly

darker band above the cuneus; membrane dusky, with

lighter markings.

“Length 14—2 lines.

Undev eloped form.—Pale ochreous, with the exception

of a brown spot on the middle of the head and the cal-

losities of the thorax. ‘Thorax in é sometimes piceous.

Apex of the tarsi, the third and fourth joints of antenne,

and apex of second, black. Surface very shortly pubescent.

Thorax rugosely punctured.

Length 1—14 line.

On brake and other ferns.

The developed form is very rare, and in shape somewhat

like an Anthocoris. The undeveloped form is common

and something like the former species, but has no mem-

brane.

PITHANUS.

1. Markeli, H.-Seff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl.vx. figs 3:

Elongate, ‘lack; sides of the elytra and body and apical

half of the basal joint of antennze, flavous; legs red. Un-

developed form with only rudimentary wing cases.

Length 2—2} lines.

Very common by sweeping, &c. in the undeveloped

form; developed form exceedingly scarce.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 279

GLOBICEPS.

I. Elytra black, with four pale spots.

A. Apical joint of the antennx more than half the

length of the third; upper surface not pilose.

a, Larger, the pale spot at the base of the

corium extending along the lateral margin

to below the middle 5c «» flavomaculatus.

b. Smaller, the pale basal spot truncate pos-

teriorly, not extending along the lateral

margin oe an Ai a «+» fulvipes.

AA. Apical joint of antennz not more than a quar-

ter so long as the third; upper surface pilose 4-notatus.

II. Elytra without four pale spots,

a. Elytra pale whitish .. sis ete -- dispar.

b. Elytra black, with the claval suture, and a

short streak near the base, white .. sie GCI

1. flavomaculatus, Fab.

= selectus, Fieb., Dougl. & Scott, &c.

$ Elongate, black. Elytra each with a spot just below

the base, and the cuneus (except the apex) ochreous;

membrane blackish. Legs brownish-red. Antenne black;

basal joint red, third and fourth joints brown.

@ Head very globose and shining. Elytra_ without

membrane; apex of the cuneus rounded; second joint of

the antennz thickened considerably at the apex.

Length 2? lines.

Not uncommon by sweeping, &c.

2. fulvipes, Scop.

= flavomaculatus, Fieb., Dougl. & Scott, &c.

Extremely like the preceding but smaller, and with the

basal pale spot of the elytra truncate posteriorly, and not

produced along the lateral margm. A very doubtful

species.

Length 23 lines.

Rare, by sweeping.

3. flavonotatus, Boh. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

plo, xs fig...

Wider than the preceding; black, pilose; back of the

head with a pale carina; a triangular spot at the base of

each corium, the extreme lateral margin and the cuneus,

with the exception of a black band just above its apex,

also flavous. Membrane blackish, with a white spot on

each side below the apex of the cuneus. Legs orange-red,

Y 2

280 Mr. Pssunders Synopsis of

generally with a brownish spot on each thigh. Antenne

black, basal joint and two apical joints reddish-y ellow.

Length 2# lines.

Common on oaks.

4. dispar, Boh. Fig. Ent. Month. Mag. vol. iv. pl. 1

fio. 4, d and ¢,

$ Head, thorax and scutellum black ; elytra whitish,

with a broad brownish cloud across the apex; cuneus with

the apex brown, membrane dusky; legs brownish-yellow.

Antenne black, first joint at the base yellow ish, third and

fourth br ownish-y yellow.

? Elytra undeveloped, without cuneus or membrane,

white and semi-transparent. Second joint of antennie

much thickened at the apex.

Length 1} line.

Leicester; at the roots of grass in damp places.

5. ater, Dougl. & Scott.

Black. Antenne with the basal half of the third joint

yellow. LElytra: corium pitchy-black at the base, within

the anterior margin a short whitish streak; claval suture

very narrowly whitish, posterior margin black, cuneus

black, base next the inner angle with a pale brownish-

white patch; membrane pale brown; legs brownish-yellow.

Length 1} line.

A single ? taken at Leicester.

I do not know this species, and therefore give extracts

from Messrs. Douglas and Scott’s description.

CYLLOCORIS.

1. histrionicus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xu. fig. 3.

Elongate. Head black, a spot on the neck pale.

Thorax black, with the base and apex flavous; or

orange-yellow, with a black spot on each side in front,

not quite joining each other in the middle, and not

touching the anterior margin; sides and base deeply

sinuate. Scutellum black at the base, flavous at the apex.

Elytra orange-yellow, corium widely pale along the claval

suture, base of cuneus pale; legs orange-coloured, bases of

the thighs paler. Antenne: first jomt pale, rest black.

Undersides of head, thorax and breast black. Abdomen

pale, with the base and a band near the apex brown.

Length 34 lines.

On oaks, by beating in summer ; common.

British Hemiptera-Heter optera. 281

EROTICORIS.

1. rufescens, Burm. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xiv. fig. 6.

Subelongate, widened posteriorly, brownish-red; head

rather darker than the thorax. Elytra with a triangular

patch at the base of the corium and a spot at the apex

white. Cuneus brown, base narrowly pale; membrane

large, smoky, with a whitish patch below the apex of the

cuneus. Legs and antenne red, the apical half of the first

joint and base of the second paler, extreme apex of fourth

whitish.

Undeveloped form like the above, without cuneus or

membrane.

Length 2 lines.

On Erica. Reigate Heath, Woking, Plumstead, Thorn

Moor (Yorkshire).

Developed form very scarce.

CAMPYLONEURA.

l. virgula, H.-Seff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xu. fig. 10.

Head black-brown, slightly paler posteriorily. Thorax

white, with a wide yellow-brown stripe across the middle.

Scutellum ochreous. LElytra subtransparent, with fine

yellow hairs ; extreme lateral margin very narrowly black.

Cuneus yellow; apex blood-red ; legs ochreous. Antenne:

first joint red, second brown, third brown on its basal half,

apex pale; fourth pale, apex and base narrowly brown.

@ with a round spot on each side of the body near the

apex black.

Length 2 lines.

On oaks, by beating, in summer ; not rare.

ZETORHINUS.

1. angulatus, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. x1. fig. 4.

Elongate, green, shining, covered with black hairs;

thorax with the sides sinuate, the posterior angles rather

produced and black. Llytra with the suture below the

‘scutellum very narrowly black; the lateral margin, just

above the cuneus, is of a deeper green than the rest of the

insect. Membrane very slightly dusky, with a dark spot

282 Mr. WP saunders Synopsis of

a little distance below the apex of the cuneus; inner

margin black. Legs with the tarsi and the extreme base

of each tibia black. Antenne brownish; first joint white

at the extreme base and apex, then narrowly black, leaving

the middle brown ; second joint black at the extreme base

and apex.

Length 2? lines.

Common on alders, in August and September.

CHLAMYDATUS.

SPHYROCEPHALUS, Dougl. & Scott.

I. Head and thorax black.

a. Legs pale testaceous 46 ve -- ambulans.

b. Legs green or brown S6 me -- caricis.

II. Thorax pale fe o5 ar oe -. insignis.

1. ambulans, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig. 5.

$ Elongate; head, thorax and scutellum black ; elytra

ochraceous, the clavus infuseate, apex of lateral margin

darker ; cuneus margined with brown; membrane slightly

dusky; legs testaceous; antenne black, slightly paler

towards the apex; body black.

? Black, generally with undeveloped elytra, short and

stout; legs testaceous; antennze black, base of third joint

pale.

Length $ 24 lines; ¢ 13 line.

Not uncommon ; by sweeping in damp places.

2. caricis, Fall. Fig. Meyer. Capside, tab. v. fig. 2

(elegantulus).

= elegantulus, Dougl. & Scott.

Head, thorax and scutellum black; elytra dull green,

inwardly brown, covered with short, adpressed, ochreous

hairs; membrane slightly dusky; legs in the ¢ brownish-

testaceous, in 2 green. Antenne black; ¢ with a pale

spot on each side of the head; ¢ brighter in colour than

the ¢.

Length 2 lines.

Rare; in damp places, by sweeping; Wimbledon,

Woking, Newcastle, Dorsetshire.

3. insignis, Dougl. & Scott. Fig. Ent. Month. Mag.

vol. il. p. 247 (woodcut).

Flayous; head black, with a greyish spot near each

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 283

eye. Elytra yellowish-grey; membrane hyaline; nerves

yellow. Antenne black; first joint pale at the apex,

second joint very narrowly whitish at the apex.

Length 14 line.

Esher ; two specimens, in September.

BYRSOPTERA.

1. rufifrons, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. xi.

fig. 6.

$ Elongate, winged; ? apterous, body suboval.

$ Dark-brown, shining, clothed with deciduous golden

hairs; cuneous flavous; membrane slightly dusky; legs

clear testaceous. Antenne: first joint pale, darker at the

base; second joint black; third and fourth pale, slightly

dusky towards the apex.

¢ Head red; thorax as in the ¢; elytra convex and

wide, without cuneus or membrane, rounded at the apex,

and not reaching to the apex of the body; legs clear

testaceous. Antenne pale testaceous; first joint black,

second black at the apex.

Length ¢ 2 lines; 2 14—12 line.

On nettles, &c. by sweeping ; not uncommon.

SYSTELLONOTUS.

1. triguttatus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xu. fig. 2.

8 Elongate ; head and thorax black or blackish-brown ;

base of elytra and scutellum of the same colour; rest of

the corium and clavus chocolate-brown, with a semilunate

spot in the middle of the clavus, a transverse spot at the

apex of the corium, and a second above the middle snow-

white and shining; cuneus darker brown, membrane

fuscous. Legs and antenne brown.

? Much like an ant in shape, paler brown, with only

rudimentary elytra, which have a snow-white band across

the middle. Abdomen darker. Antenne and legs reddish-

brown; base of the second joint of the former pale.

Length 2 lines.

Found running on the ground. Chobham, Little-

hampton, &c., &c.; not rare.

284 Mr, MP Saunders’ Synopsis of

DicrPuus.

I. Thorax largely and rugosely punctured .. -- globulifer.

If. Thorax not largely and rugosely punctured.

A. Tibizx spotted .. ate

AA. Tibizx not spotted,

B. Third joint of antennz not twice as long as

<0 -» annulatus.

apical joint .. ot 55 e+ pallicornis.

BB. Third joint of antenne rene as long as the

apical.

a. Underside of head, thorax and breast more

or less piceous 58 : oe -. er7vans.

b. Underside of head, &c. wale a -- pallidus.

1. globulifer, Fall. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 271

(alienus).

Sub-ovate, elongate; head and thorax black, with a

spot on each side “of the former near the eye, and the

front margin and dorsal line of latter, pale; the thorax

sometimes is entirely greyish-ochreous, with the callosities

black ; surface of head smooth and shining, surface of

thorax deeply and rugosely punctured. Ely tra greyish-

ochreous, or in some nearly black, clothed with brown

hairs; sides and cuneus somewhat paler ; apex of cuneus

sometimes darker; membrane dusky. Tibiz spotted with

black. Antenne black; extreme apex, and base of first

joint, white.

Length 2 lines.

Lowestoft.

2. annulatus, Wolff. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iii. fig.

270.

Greyish ; a good deal smaller than the preceding,

covered with long scattered black bristles ; head black,

with a white spot on the inner margin of each eye.

Thorax with the front margin and dor sail line white, with

several round brown spots in front. Scutellum brown,

spotted with white. Elytra nearly unicolorous; the apices

of the corium and clavus slightly darker. Legs with the

thighs and tibiz spotted with round brown spots. An-

tenn black, with the base and apex of the first, second

and third joints, and a band across the middle of the

second, white: beneath black or pale.

Length 1} line.

Common on Onxonis, and generally distributed,

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 285

3. pallicornis, Fieb. Fig. Doug]. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

ple, fe. dD.

Pale ochreous or straw-coloured, with long scattered

hairs; head with a more or less interrupted brown stripe

on each side, between the eyes. Thorax more or less

spotted with brown in front. Elytra clothed with long

brownish hairs; apex of cuneus darker; legs straw-coloured ;

hind thighs with very indistinct spots. Antenne pale;

first joint slightly darker ; apical joint longer in proportion

to the third than in the following species.

Length 2 lines.

On foxgloves, &c., by sweeping. The undeveloped form,

which is the common one, has no membrane or cuneus,

and is rather smaller.

4, pallidus, H.-Seff. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. iii.

fig. 269.

Elongate, very pale ochreous, first joint of the antennz

red; second at the apex, and the third and fourth, brown-

ish; corium sometimes with a black spot just above the

cuneus; the apex of cuneus occasionally, and the nerves

of the membrane, brown. Thighs with very small black

or brown spots, beneath pale.

Length 2? lines.

By sweeping in damp places; not rare.

Very like the following, but differs in the thicker

antennee, and the paler colour especially of the underside ;

otherwise it might well pass as a variety.

5. errans, Wolff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. xii.

fig. 4.

Elongate, brown or ochreous; head with the sides, and

generally two stripes on the vertex, darker. Thorax with

long hairs, and with the sides underneath and often the

posterior angles dark brown. LElytra finely pubescent ;

corium with its extreme apical angle, and a spot above the

cuneus, brown; there is also often an elongate brown streak

above the angle of the membrane; membrane with the

nerves and a transverse streak below the apex-of the

cuneus red or brown; thighs spotted with black. Antennze

first joint red, the rest more or less brown, the base of the

third narrowly pale. Underside of head, thorax and

breast brown or reddish; body ochreous or fuscous.

Length 2# lines. .

By sweeping on nettles, &c.; common.

286 Mr. WP saunders Synopsis of

MACROLOPHUS.

1. nubilus, H.-Seff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig. 6.

Elongate, ahi tender green, densely clothed with

ochreous hairs ; “basal joint of the antenne, eyes and a

stripe from the eye to the thorax, and the apex of the

tarsi, black; membrane hyaline, clouded with darker

markings, nerves bright green.

Length 2} lines.

On Stachys sylvatica; not common.

MALacocoris.

1. chlorizans, Block. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig, 7.

Very pale, almost transparent green, covered with long

fine yellowish hairs; head and thorax unspotted; elytra

marbled with darker green; membrane somewhat milky,

cells with a large green spot in each; antennz pale, the

extreme base of the second joint and the underside of the

first black.

Length 2 lines.

Not uncommon on hazel in August and September.

PILOPHORUS.

a, Claval band of the elytra, situated well above the

posterior band of corium 5c a .. clavatus.

b. Clayal band uniting the posterior Bante of corium .. bifasciatus.

1. clavatus, Linn., nec Dougl. & Scott.

Brown; head and thorax with a bronzy tint; scutellum

with a patch of silvery hairs on each side, and one at the

apex. LElytra with a scattered golden pubescence; corium

with two silvery bands, one above the middle, the other

below ; base of the cuneus also with a narrow silver band

inwar dly ; ; clavus with a narrow silvery band just above the

apex, ‘but situated well above the bands of the corium.

Legs and antennz reddish-brown; second joint of latter

clavate and darker at the apex; third and fourth joints

with the bases pale.

Length 2 lines.

On sallows, &c.; Woking, Lewisham, &c.

British Hemiptera-Heier opiera. 287

2. bifasciatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

Plas. fic, 8.

= cinnamopterus, Dougl. & Scott.

= perplexus, Dougl. & Scott.

So closely allied to the former that the differences only

need be pointed out. The head and thorax are without

the bronzy tint; the second joint of the antenne is more

curved and less regularly clavate. The elytra are devoid

of the scattered golden pubescence; the band across the

clavus is situated between the bands of the corium so as

to unite them; besides these characters the insect is

narrower.

Length 2 lines.

On oaks, firs, &c.; often in company with Formica rufa.

HALTICUS.

a. Head and thorax flavous .. oye ae -» luteicollis.

b. Head and thorax black .. ae -- pallicornis.

1. luteicollis, Panz. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pie xx. fie. I.

Shining, head and thorax flavous; the latter narrowly

darker posteriorly. Elytra black, much widened poste-

riorly ; smooth, with a fine grey pubescence. Membrane

dusky black. femora dark brown, with the apices pale;

tibize and tarsi pale; the base of the posterior ones darker ;

apical joint of the tarsi black. Antenne very long,

flavous; the extreme apex of the second joint black.

Length 14 line.

On Galium, &c.; Stroud, S. Wales, &c.

2. apterus, Linn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 61.

= pallicornis, Dougl. & Scott.

Black, shining, covered with a short grey, rather scat-

tered pubescence. Membrane blackish. Femora black,

the apices flavous; tibiz and tarsi pale, apex of latter

black. Antennze flavous fuscous towards the apex.

Length 13 line.

By sweeping, &c.; Darenth, Reigate, Headley, &c.

The developed form is rather rare.

STIPHROSOMA,

a. Black, with head and legs red .. a .. leucocephalum.

b, Ferruginous, pale oe ee oe -» luridum.

288 Mr. FF sscinttery Synopsis of

1. leucocephalum, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. xxi. fig. 2

Head very wide, reddish-y ellow, smooth, shining, very

finely and remotely punctured. T horax deeply punctured.

llytra finely grey pubescent. Legs yellow, finely and

densely hairy ; tarsifuscous. Antenne: first joint yellow,

rest black.

Length Je lines.

By sweeping; occasionally; Scarborough, Reigate,

Mickleham, Soe

luridum, Fall. Fig. T.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. ii. fig. 312.

Ochreous or ferruginous; very short and convex, and

covered with a dense ochreous pubescence. Head shining.

Thorax rugosely punctured. Scutellum smooth, impunc-

tate. Membrane dusky. Legs pubescent. Antenne fus-

cous; apex of first joint ochreous.

Length 1$—2 lines.

By sweeping ; Weybridge, Esher, &c.

HETEROCORDYLUS.

a. Legs with the tibie red; second seme of antenne

in @ not incrassated.. we - es -. tibialis.

b. Legs entirely black; second joint of antenne in 9

str ongly incrassated .. se aye 5 -- wnicolor.

1. tibialis, Hahn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 66.

Black, covered with short, deciduous, golden, “scale-like

pubescence, and with very fine, short, grey hairs. Thorax

transversely rugose; elytra in the male with the sides

subparallel ; in the ¢ diverging posteriorly ; femora black,

reddish-yellow at their extreme apices; tibize reddish-

yellow, dusky at the base and apex. Antenne black;

basal joint in @ shorter than in ¢. Membrane dusky,

nerves brown.

Length 24—23 lines.

Common on Spartium scoparium. June and July.

2. unicolor, Hahn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 179.

Entirely black, cover ed. with short, whitish, scale-like

pubescence, and with very fine, short, greyish hairs. Mem-

brane nearly black, with a whitish spot below the apex of

the cuneus; second joint of alitenne in 3 slightly, in ¢

strongly incrassated.

Length 2—24 lines.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 289

On Genista, &c.; not common; Isle of Wight; North-

umberland, Wales, &c.

ORTHOCEPHALUS.

1. Legs black, margin between the clavus and corium

ochreous .. a0 as bc oe ae -» coriaceus.

2. Legs with the tibie red. Elytra entirely black -. saltator.

1. coriaceus, Fab. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. ii. fig. 181

(ptlosus).

= mutabilis, Dougl. & Scott.

Black, covered with long black hairs and a short frag-

mentary golden deciduous pubescence. Elytra with the

suture between the clavus and corium ochreous. Mem-

brane dusky; cells and a wide margin round them paler,

the paler portion often with several small, round, dark

spots. ¢ undeveloped.

Length 2—23 lines.

By sweeping; Chobham, Weybridge, &c. .

2. saltator, Hahn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xiv. fig. 2 (form brachypt.).

Black, longer and not so densely hairy as the preceding,

but with the pubescence of a similar nature. Entirely

black above. ‘Tibiz reddish-yellow, except at the apex.

Membrane entirely fuscous, with a faint pale spot below

the apex of the corium. ¢ undeveloped.

Length 21—23 lines.

Commoner than the preceding; by sweeping. Widely

distributed.

LOXops.

1. coccineus, Westerh. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. iv.

fig. 5 (unnatural).

Orange-red, covered with scattered yellowish hairs;

sides of the thorax broadly red, or red-brown. Scutellum

with a pale spot on the disk and one on each side of the

base. lytra orange-red or red-brown, more or less

variegated with pale spots. Membrane slightly dusky ;

nerves red. Antennz and legs orange-yellow; posterior

thighs and basal joint of antennz red; second joint twice

as long as the third and fourth together.

Length 2 lines.

On ash trees, by beating; August and September.

290 Mr. i*. Saunders’ Synopsis of

ORTHOTYLUS.

I. Elytra without black hairs.

A. Species brownish-grey, with yellow markings.. Dilineatus.

AA. Species green.

B. Cell nerves of membrane green.

C. First joint of antenne black beneath .. .. striicornis.

CC. First joint of antennz not black beneath.

D. Apical joint of antenne not nearly half so long

as the third ae ar oe : +. prasinus.

DD. Apical joint of antenne half as long as, or

nearly half as long as, the third.

a. Smaller, elytra very thin and diaphanous diaphanus.

b. Larger, elytra not thin and diaphanous.. nassatus.

BB. Cell nerves of membrane yellow or pale.

C. Apical joint of antenne half as long as third.. flavinervis.

CC. Apical joint of antenne not nearly half as long

as third .. oe ee oe oe .. tenellus.

YI. Elytra with black bristly hairs, mixed with the paler

pubescence.

A. Cells of membrane green 50 on .. flavosparsus.

AA. Cells of membrane not green.

A*, Species greenish-grey .. le oe -- Saundersi.

A*A*, Species green.

B. Third and fourth joints of antennz together not

so long as second 50 es Oe -- Douglas.

BB. Third and fourth joints of antenne longer than

second.

C. Rostrum not reaching the posterior coxe;

posterior thighs not much thickened.

D. Second and third joints of antennze subequal,

not short and robust. Found on the furze

and broom on heaths, &c.

a. Head not very wide, not nearly so wide

as the base of the thorax ae +» concolor.

b. Head very wide, nearly as wide as the

base of the thorax a oe -- chloropterus.

DD. Second joint of antennz decidedly longer than

third; short and stout; found in salt marshes.. vuwbidus.

CC. Rostrum reaching beyond the posterior cox;

posterior thighs much thickened an -. ericetorum.

1. bilineatus, Fall. (Gen. torhinus, Dougl. & Scott.)

Greyish-brown; covered with a short pale pubescence.

Head yellowish, with the dorsal line and a spot in front

brown. Thorax dark brown in front and narrowly so at

the sides, paler posteriorly; sides slightly sinuate. Scu-

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 291

tellum yellow, with a triangular spot in the middle brown.

Elytra greenish-brown ; the clavus brown, except along

its outer margin; corium slightly paler at the base. Legs

greyish-yellow. Antenne black; second joint more or

less pale.

Length 23 lines,

Leicester, by sweeping, and Invercanny, Scotland.

2. stritcornis, Kirsch.

Pale and somewhat transparent green, clothed with fine

ochreous hairs; membrane pellucid, sometimes with a

pinkish iridescence; the nerves bright and constant green,

Antenne rather shorter than in most of the species ; first

joint beneath with a black longitudinal streak, third joint

not quite half as long as the second, apical joint a little

more than half the length of the third.

Length 2—2} lines.

On oaks; Reigate, Chobham, also at Eltham.

3. prasinus, Fall.

= viridinervis, Dougl. & Scott.

— var. ? ochrotrichus, Fieb.

Similar to the preceding in colour and pubescence, but

rather more elongate. Antenne much longer; third

joint three-quarters as long as the second, apical joint not

nearly half as long as the third, first jot not marked

with black below.

Length 24 lines.

Common by sweeping and on various trees.

4, diaphanus, Kirsch.

Allied to the two preceding species, but more like

striicornis in shape; pale green, very finely and closely

covered with ochreous hairs. Elytra very thin and

diaphanous; cell nerves of the membrane bright green.

Antenne shorter than in either of the preceding and

stouter; third joimt three-quarters as long as second,

fourth almost half the length of the third; apex of the

third and the whole of the fourth brown or black.

Length 2 lines.

Lee and Eltham; August.

292 Mr. Pounders’ Synopsis of

5. nassatus, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig. 3.

Much larger and more robust than any of the pre-

ceding, green; becoming yellow on the head, scutellum

and front of thorax after death; covered with fine ochre-

ous hairs; ¢ subelongate, sides of the elytra subparallel ;

? rather more oval. Legs green; tibie and tarsi black

at the apex. Antenne: first joint black or brown at the

base, the rest ferruginous; second joint. one and one-half

times as long as third; third not quite twice as long as

fourth.

Length 3 lines.

Common on alders; July and August.

6. flavinervis, Kirsch.

ery like the preceding, but rather shorter; green

Very like the preceding, but rat! horter; ¢ ‘

head yellow, apex of the cuneus and the lateral margins

of the elytra more or less of the same colour ; membrane

dusky; cell nerves yellow. Antenne: first joint black,

the rest ferruginous, darker towards the apex; second

gs ’ ]

joint one and one-half times as long as third; third not

quite twice so long as fourth.

Length 2? lines.

On alders, with the preceding; July and August.

7. tenellus, Fall. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. ii. fig. 3

(angustus ).

= angustus, Dougl. & Scott.

Very pale and transparent ochreous-yellow, clothed

with ochreous-brown hairs ; membrane very slightly dusky.

Eyes very promineut and black; second joint of the

antennze once and a quarter as long as the third and fourth

together ; apical joint not half as long as the third. Legs

pale, with a greenish tint.

Length 2 lines.

On ash trees, not uncommon; Chobham, Reigate, Croy-

don.

8. flavosparsus, Sahlb.

= prasinus, Dougl. & Scott.

$ Subelongate; 2 suboval, green, sprinkled with small

yellow spots, and clothed with black bristly hairs and oceca-

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 293

sional irregular patches of white silvery ones ; after death

the spots are often quite invisible; membrane hyaline ;

cells and cell nerves bright green. Antennze: second and

third joints subequal; fourth about half the length of

third.

Length 2 lines.

On Chenopodium, Very common on the sea coast,

9. Saundersi, Reut.

= obsoletus, Dougl. & Scott ( Tinicephalus).

Grey; head, thorax and legs with more or less of a

greenish tint; upper surface clothed with silvery-white

hairs and also with stronger brown ones. Elytra pale

erey, somewhat diaphanous; base of the cuneus paler;

membrane very slightly clouded, cells and a J-shaped

mark below the apex of the cuneus darker. Antenne

more or less testaceous or greenish.

Length 14—1} line.

On Spartium, Ulex,Genista, &c, Common near London,

10.. Douglasi, Saund.

Green, the sides of the elytra somewhat brownish-

yellow; surface clothed rather thickly with white pubes-

cence, intermixed with black hairs; membrane dusky ;

nerves yellow. Antenne testaceous-brown; third joint

about half as lone as the second; fourth a little more

than half the length of the third.

Length 2 lines.

On Spartium, Woking Heath. Common, but very local,

in July; probably overlooked elsewhere.

11. concolor, Kirsch.

$ = virescens, Dougl. & Scott.

Rather dark green when mature, paler green when

young, densely clothed with long black hairs, intermixed

with occasional whitish ones; head generally more or less

brown; cuneus in ¢ often yellowish; membrane very

dusky, nerves pale. Antenne brownish; third joint as

long or almost as long as second; fourth not quite one-

third as long as third.

Leneth 2 lines.

Very common on Spartium, generally distributed.

TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.) 7,

294 Mr. DA Saunders’ Synopsis of

no} )

12. chloropterus, Kirsch. Fig. Ent. Month. Mag. vol. iv.

plaitial ay a.

$ = bicolor, Dougl. & Scott.

Green, clothed with black hairs, intermixed with occa-

sional inte silvery ones; in the é the head, thorax, scu-

tellum, clavus and inner “apical angle of corium are grey-

brown; head very wide across the 3 vertex ; thorax shorter

and wider than in most of the species, membrane dusky,

iridescent. Antenne: third joint as long as the second ;

fourth about a third the length of the third.

Length 2 lines.

On furze, &c. ; common and generally distributed.

The ? is somewhat like concolor ; but may be distin-

guished by its much wider head, shorter form and smaller

size, and also by the yellow colour of the head.

13, rubidus, Put. Fig. Ann. Soc. Franc. 5th ser. iy.

pl. vu. fio. 2 2.

Obscurely red or green (var. Moncreaffi), clothed with

black hairs mixed with short silvery ones. In looking

closely at the red specimens it will be seen that the ground

colour of the surface is of a lurid pink, speckled all over

with brighter red spots; the cuneus is of a deeper red,

membrane slightly dusky, nerves pale. Antenne: third

joint four-fifths the length of second, fourth two-thirds as

Jong as third.

Length 1}—2 lines.

Parianioutl on Salicor nid, August to October, and by

searching amongst Arenaria mar itima, &c. at Worthing ;

not uncommon, but scarcely mature early in J une—both

vars.

14. ertcetorum, Fall.

Bright green, somewhat shining, sides of the corium,

the cuneus and the veins of the membrane yellow ; after

death the head, front of thorax and scutellum become of

the same colour; surface clothed with black hairs, sides

of the elytra with finer pale ones, membrane dusky ; hind

thighs much enlarged.

Length 2 lines.

Common on E rica, &c., by sweeping, and generally

distributed.

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 295

Species dubia.

obsoletus, Dougl. & Scott, nec Fieb. ?

After a careful examination of the type specimen ‘the

only British one known), I came to the conclusion that it

certainly did not belong to Fieber’s species. I have, I

regret to say, since had the misfortune to destroy this

specimen, and therefore, under the circumstances, I fear

I must leave the matter to be cleared up when more

examples are found.

HETEROTOMA.

1. merioptera, Scop. Fig. Dougl. & Seott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xiv. fig. 5.

Bronzy-brown or black, shining, covered with depressed

white and short upright blackish hairs; membrane

black, with a white spot on each side below the apex of

the cuneus. Legs clear flavous or green. Antenne

black, first joint thick, round and densely hairy; second

much flattened and dilated, also densely covered with

black hairs; third and fourth filiform, brownish, their bases

pale.

Length 23 lines.

Common on nettles, &c., by sweeping,

ANOTHEROPS,

1. setulosus, Meyer. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

plpeal. fig. 'S:

$ Subelongate; ¢ suboval. Head and thorax pale

greenish-yellow, more or less covered with scattered stout

black hairs; the former with a dorsal line and numerous

round spots more or less confluent, the latter with a

transverse spot below each callosity, the hind angles and

a spot on each side of the base black. Scutellum same

colour as the thorax, with the sides black and the base

spotted with small black spots. Elytra dull greenish,

finely punctured with black, and covered with a dense

black pubescence ; nerves pale and without hairs. Mem-

brane dusky, nerves pale whitish. Legs greenish, thighs

and tibix: spotted with black; apices of latter and tarsi

black. Antenne: first joint spotted with black, rest more

or less brownish.

Length 3 lines.

296 Mr, r Saunders’ Synopsis of

THLOPLOMACHUS.

1. Thunbergi, Germ. Fig. Douel. & Scott, Brit, Hem,

pl. xin. fig. 3.

Ochreous-brown, covered with scattered black hairs and

very fine brown punctures. Head ochreous, with a brown

spot on each side between the eyes; thorax with the

dorsal line and front margin pale ; callosities dark brow ng

scutellum dark at the base ; elytra with the nerves and

margins pale whitish; membrane dusky; beneath banded

with brown and white; thighs spotted; tarsi and extreme

apex of tibix black; antennz dusky at the : apex,

Length 2 lines.

By sweeping, Birchwood, &c.

MACROCOLEUS,

I. All the tibiz with strong black spines or spine-like

hairs.

A. Greyish-green or brownish-green, with soft

white hairs intermixed with brown ones.

a. Smaller, elytra uniform in colour, without

transverse band .. Ne ae .. hortulanus.

b, Larger, elytra pale greyish-green, with a

wide darker transverse band .. -. molliculus.

AA, Orange or greenish-yellow, covered with strong

black bristly hairs, not mixed with pale

ones oe oe . oe -. tanaceti.

Tl. All the tibie not spiny (hind ones spiny in Pay-

kullic).

a. Black hairs of the elytra so disposed as to

form irregular spots «+ a «» Payhullii.

b. Black hairs of the elytra not so disposed.. solitarius.

1. hortulanus, Mey.

= tanaceti, Doug. & Scott ( Oncotylus).

= sordidus, Dougl. & Scott (Macrocoleus),

Brownish-green, head and thorax generally of a brighter

ereen, clothed with brown hairs mixed with pale ones;

base of the cuneus narrowly pale, membrane dusky, nerves

pale, thighs spotted at the apex, tibix spiny.

Length 1} line.

On Ononis, Reigate Hill, Headley Lane, &e.

2. tanaceti, Fall. (nec Dougl. & Scott).

? Suboval, golden or orange-yellow or greenish-yellow,

densely covered with black bristly hairs, sparingly inter-

mixed on the head and thorax with a few whitish ones.

Membrane subpellucid, nerves golden yellow, surrounded

by a dusky cloud, cells clouded. Beneath palely pubes-

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 297

cent, with a few bristly black hairs. Legs covered with

black hairs. Tibi with strong black spines. Antenne

hairy.

Length 2 lines.

On Tanacetnm, Chobham, August. Three speci-

mens, °.

Closely allied to molliculus, but differs from it in colour

and the absence of the dark band of the elytra, and the

downy pubescence so characteristic of that species.

3. molliculus, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl sate fies, 9.

Greyish-green, densely clothed with brown hairs, inter-

mixed with whitish ones. An irregular wide band across

the centre of the corium, and the cuneus, except at the

base, darker. Legs greenish-grey ;_tibiw with fine black

spines. Apex of tarsi black. Membrane slightly dusky ;

lighter near the apex of the cuneus, with a darker spot

just below it.

Length 24—24 lines.

On halen. pee ae &c.; not rare.

4, Payhullii, Fall. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. v. fig. 1

(maculipennis).

Green, very densely clothed with strong black hairs.

Head, ome and scutellum sometimes darker, Hairs on

the elytra somewhat irregularly disposed in patches, so as

to give them a spotted appearance. Membrane blackish ;

nerves and a spot below the apex of the cuneus white.

This latter pale spot is crossed by a well-defined quad-

rangular black spot. Legs and antenne densely hairy ;

posterior tibiee with a few long er spine-like hairs.

Length 14 line.

On Onanice ; common where it occurs, but local.

5. solitarius, Meyer. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. v. fig. 4

Greyish-green. Head and thorax and scutellum some-

times brighter green; entire insect covered with black

hairs. Nerves of the corium and the inner angle of the

cuneus paler; membrane dusky; nerves and a space

outside them clear and hyaline, the clear colour ex-

tending outwards in a narrow triangle towards the side.

Legs densely hairy. .

Length 23—2? nee

Rare; : by sweeping on Stachys, &c.; Reigate.

—

298 Mr. Ik. Saunders’ Synopsis of

AMBLYTYLUS.

l. affinis, Dougl. & Scott. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. xxi. fig. 3.

Klliptie, very pale- ochreous, clothed with black hairs,

intermixed with white silvery ones. Nerves of the elytra

somewhat paler. Antenne: second and third joints sub-

equal; fourth a little more than one-third as long as third.

Thorax with the sides slightly margined.

Length 2 lines.

Occasionally by sweeping; Reigate, Eltham, &c.

1 u nl Ta

CONOSTETHUs.

I. Third joint of antenne longer than second.. e+ Salinus.

Il. Third joint of antennzx not so long as second e+ 7OSCUS.

1. salinus, Sahlb. Fig. Sahlb. Hem. ryska Karelen,

pix, fies3, 4.

$ Bloneaes rc suboval. Grey. Head flavous, with

a brown spot on each side of the base i inthe ¢. Thorax

with the dorsal line and lateral margins flavous; sides and

base sinuate. Scutellum with the base and dorsal line

flavous. Elytra with the sides and cuneus pale. Mem-

brane dusky. Legs ochreous. Antenne subrobust,

black or Leones in $ sometimes paler at the aes

beneath greyish ; sides flavous ; 2? generally paler than ¢.

Length 2 lines.

Near Gravesend; on Arenaria maritima, &e.

2. ee Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. xii.

fie. 4.

3 Br ownish-erey ; a triangular spot above the mouth,

dorsal line and sides of the thorax, and dorsal line of

scutellum and the sides of the elytra, pale-ochreous.

Membrane dusky. Legs and antennx brownish-grey.

@ Head, thorax and scutellum greenish-yellow ; dorsal

line and sides of the thorax and scutellum paler. Elytra

bright rosy-pink or orange-coloured internally; sides

flavous. Membrane slightly dusky. Legs and antennz

greenish,

Length 13 line.

Common, but local; by sweeping by roadsides, &e.

A variable species.

British Hemiptera- Heteroptera. 299

ONCOTYLUS.

1. decolor, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig. 2.

$§ Elongate ; suboval. Grey or brownish-grey, very

finely and shortly pubescent. Head luteous, with the

sides brownish-grey. Scutellum luteous at the base.

Klytra with the sides widely pale. Membrane dusky.

Cuneus entirely pale. Legs and antennz brownish-grey.

Length 2 lines.

Common, by sweeping grass, &c. in dry places.

HARPOCERA.

1. thoracica, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xv. fig. 3.

8 Subelongate. Head and thorax brownish-black, the

dorsal line of the former and a short dorsal line at the base

of the latter pale. Elytra brown, densely clothed with

long grey hairs. Cuneus widely pale at the base. Legs

testaceous. Apex of posterior femora, extreme apex of

each tibia and the tarsi, black. Tibiz with short black

spines. Antennee: second joint about the same length as

first but thinner, and looked at from the side, curved and

much thickened at the apex ; third longer than first and

second together, fourth about equal to the first.

¢ Wider and more ovate than ¢; pale greyish-yellow,

sometimes black-brown. Head black, with the dorsal line

and a transverse line on the vertex pale. Thorax with

the callosities black, dorsal line narrowly pale. Scutel-

lum black; apex pale. Apex of cuneus black; legs as in

$6. Antenne: second joint not thickened and curved as

in é and rather longer.

Length 3} lines.

Occasionally by sweeping and beating. Dr. O. M.

Reuter says that in Finland it occurs on oaks.

PHYLUS.

J. Insect pale, head black oe re ve .. melanocephalus,

II. Head of the same colour as the rest of the insect.

A. Cuneus concolorous with the corium.

a. Insect pale golden .. 3 -. palliceps:

b. Insect brown, black or dark brown .. coryli.

AA, Cuneus always reddish, corium sometimes

darker, sometimes lighter oe ++ avellane.

300 Mr. Wanders Synopsis of

1. melanocephalus, Linn. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit.

Hem. pl. x1. fig. 7.

Elongate, yellow or reddish-yellow, covered with a fine

golden pubescence. Head black. . Thorax trapeziform.

Elytra very long, parallel-sided. Membrane rather short,

slightly dusky. Legs and antenne pale; base of the first

joint of the latter black.

Length 24—3 lines.

On oaks, &e., by beating.

2. palliceps, Fieb.

Like the preceding, but haying the head of the same

colour as the thorax.

Length 24—3 lines.

On oaks, &c., by beating.

I have great doubts as to the distinctness of the two

above species, but never haying seen any connecting links

between the forms, I give them separately ; they are found

in the same places, often on the same trees.

3. coryli, Linn. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. i. fig. 16.

Black-brown, shining, clothed with very short grey

hairs, similar in general form to the preceding but shorter.

Elytra slightly punctured. Membrane dusky, with a

white streak bordering the cuneus. Legs and antenne

testaceous.

Length 23 lines.

On hazel ; not rare.

4. avellane, H.-Scff. H-Scff. Wanz. Ins. vi. fig. 670.

Like the preceding but reddish-brown or paler. Cuneus

always reddish-brown, so that in pale examples it is darker

than the rest of the elytra, in dark ones lighter; two

apical joints of antennz also longer proportionately to

the second than in coryli.

Length 23 lines.

On hazel; common.

ATRACTOTOMUS.

1. mali, Meyer, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xiv. fig. 4 (magnicornis).

Black-brown or reddish-brown, covered with fine grey

hairs, and a dense golden deciduous pubescence. Mem-

brane blackish, neryes and a spot below the apex of the

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 301

cuneus pale. Thighs black; tibie pale, with their ex-

treme apex and sometimes the base more or less brown.

Antenne: first and second joints black, first short and

thick, second long, much thickened and densely hairy,

third and fourth filiform, together slightly longer than

the second, pale, especially the base of the third.

Length 13—13 line.

Occasional by beating, &c.

PSALLUS.

I. First and second joints of antenne black, or partly so.

a. g Antenne entirely dark; 9 second

joint dark at the base and apex

b. ¢ Third and fourth joints of antenna

pale; 2 second joint pale, apex black ambiguus.

II. Antenne entirely pale.

A. Posterior thighs not spotted.

A*, Cuneus entirely dark 3 sie +» obscurellus.

A*A*, Cuneus pale at the base.

B. Species brown or red.

C. Thighs dark brown or black sie «+ variabilis.

CC. Thighs bright red.

a. Smaller and broader, reddish; thighs

betuleti.

short; pubescence golden .. -. simillimus.

b. Larger and narrower, brown; thighs

long; pubescence white .. oe quercus.

BB. Species entirely pale flavous ae .. Hieber.

AA. Posterior thighs spotted, sometimes entirely

dark, but eyen then darker spots are

visible.

B. Densely covered with long, thick, silvery-

white deciduous hairs... e -. Ltotermundi.

BB. Not covered with silvery hairs.

C. Cuneus entirely white.

a. Posterior thighs dark .. ee .. salicellus.

b. Posterior thighs not dark... +. sunguineus.

CC. Cuneus not entirely white.

D. Colour obscure brown oe ** -» lepidus.

DD. Colour not obscure brown.

KE. Thighs spotted more or less all over.

a. Cuneus widely pale at the tie nar-

rowly at the apex .. ++ TOSCUS.

b. Cuneus narrowly pale at the ace! not

pale at the apex os Se .. alnicola.

EE. Thighs spotted only at the apex.

a, Apical joint of antennz about half as

long as the third. .. ar o. UUriANS.

b. Apical joint of antennz considerably

more than half as long as the third.. Xirschbaumi.

302 wef Saunders’ Synopsis of

1. betulet?, Fall. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. vi. fig. 602

(ambiguus ).

= ambiguus, Dougl. & Scott.

é Subelongate, black, covered with golden deciduous

hairs; base of the cuneus widely pale ; membrane black, with

a white spot below the apex of the cuneus. Thighs black,

apices paler; tibiz pale, with black spines, springing from

small black spots, slightly darker towards the extreme

apex.

? Reddish-ochreous; head, callosities and base of thorax,

a triangular patch on each ely tron, and the antenne, with

the exception of the middle of the second joint, more cr

less black,

Length 24 lines.

On ieches: &e.; not uncommon.

2. ambiguus, Fall.

= obscurus, Dougl. & Scott.

Smaller than the preceding ; ; ¢ differing in having the

third and fourth joints of the Ls al pale 3 ; the posterior

tibiew darker, and being slightly less elongate in shape.

9 Differs in the duller colour, shorter. form, in having

the second joint of the antennze pale, with the apex black,

and the third and fourth luteous as in the ¢.

Length 2 lines.

On apple trees, &c.; not rare.

3. variabilis; Fall. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. 11. fig. 4.

= Whitei, Scott.

$ black, covered with short, golden, deciduous hairs,

which are very easily rubbed off: cuneus narrowly pale

at the base; @ head and thorax inincte elytra ochreous,

the lateral margins often reddish, with a lar ee triangular

spot on each above the cuneus; cuneus widely pale at

the base; membrane dusky, with a pale spot below the

cuneus. Antenne pale ; thiehs black, apex of the first

and second pairs pale.

A very variable species, varying especially in the dark-

ness of the patches on the elytra, which are sometimes

scarcely visible.

Leneth 1} line.

On oaks; very common.

4, obscurellus, Fall.

Small and subelongate, brown, densely covered with

whitish, deciduous, scale-like hairs; cuneus entirely

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 303

brown; thighs brown, apices paler; tibie ochreous, with

rather slender black spines, the hind pair darkest. An-

tenn pale, first joint brown.

Length 14 line.

On firs, &c.; not rare.

5. quercus, Kirsch. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem. pl. xin.

fig. 8

sult sloniate, brown. Head and thorax slightly darker.

Insect cov ered with short, whitish, deciduous hairs. Cuneus

reddish-brown : the base and extreme apex narrowly paler ;

thighs red, the posterior ones very long. ‘Tibiz pale

ochreous, with strong black spines. Antennz ochreous

or reddish.

Length 2 lines.

On oaks, rare; Darenth, &c.

6. stmillimus, Kirsch.

Much smaller and shorter than the preceding; bright

clear red. Head and thorax yellowish, deciduous pubes-

cence of the elytra golden; base of cunéus very narrowly

white. Membrane dusky, with a pale spot below the apex

of the cuneus. Thighs bright red; tibix pale ochreous,

with strong black spines. Antenne pale ochreous.

Length 14 line.

On maples; Box Hill, Mickleham, &c.

7. Fieberi, Dougl. & Scott.

Entirely pale “ochreous yellow; surface covered with

rather long concolorous hairs; base of the cuneus widely

transparent. Membrane hyaline. Thighs unspotted ; tibiee

with black spines.

Length 14 line.

Common at Shirley and Croydon, on palings; June

and July.

8. Rotermundi, Scholtz. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pls. fig. 6.

Short, oval, greyish-white, densely clothed with thick

silvery hairs. ‘Thorax with a black line across each callo-

sity. LElytra with two longitudinal darker spots. Cuneus

bright red, with the base widely pale. Femora spotted

with brown; often red underneath. ‘Tibie red at the

base; apex of tarsi black.

Length 13 line.

On white poplars; Reigate, Blackheath, &c.

304 Mr. E. Saunders’ Synopsis of

9. salicellus, Mey. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. vi. fig. 605.

Pale whitish, surface with irregular patches of silvery

hairs intermixed with black ones. Thorax and elytra more

or less sprinkled with brown, puncture-like spots. Cuneus

white. Membrane dusky, with a pale spot below the apex

of the cuneus; a darker spot below it, and then another

paler one. Thighs spotted, posterior ones dark brown.

Tibize and antenne Ww hitish, the former with strong, black

spines.

Length 1 line.

On hazel, &c.; not rare.

10. sanguineus, Fab. Fig. H.-Seff. Wanz. Ins. in. fig.

226.

= querceti, Fall.

= dilutus, Dougl. & Scott.

Shorter than the preceding and less graceful in shape,

with much shorter antenne, and with pale hind thighs.

Var. sanguineus. Bright crimson. Head and thorax

generally showing more or less signs of paler spots,

Cuneus white; thighs red, spotted with black at the

apex.

Var. guerceti: ground colour pale whitish, more or less

sprinkled with crimson spots. Cuneus white. Membrane

in all the varieties slightly dusky, with the cells posteriorly

darker, and with a dark transverse band below the apex

of the cuneus, the dark colour continuing round the cells.

The membrane is paler below this, and clouded again at

the apex. Very pale specimens are the var. dilutus.

Length 14 line.

On sallows, &c.; common; all the varieties occur to-

gether.

11. lepidus, Fieb.

3rown, clothed with golden hairs. Corium, especially

in the ¢, with a more or less reddish tinge. Cuneus red,

narrowly pale at the base. Membrane dusky, with a pale

spot below the apex ofthe cuneus; nerves whitish. Thighs

brown, spotted with black. Antenne pale; second joint

in the é thicker than in the ¢.

Length 1} line.

On ash trees ; not rare.

British Hemiptera-LHeteroptera. 305

12. roseus, Fall.

= salicis, Dougl. & Scott.

Bright red or brownish-red; ¢ with the sides of the

elytra subparallel ; pubescence golden, mixed with black

hairs. Elytra with a darker triangular spot above the

cuneus. Cuneus widely pale at the base, narrowly at the

apex. Legs pale ochreous; thighs spotted with black.

Membrane dusky; cells, except at their extreme apex and

two transverse spots below the cuneus, paler.

Length 14— 13 line.

On sallows and birches, &c , by beating; not rare.

13. alnicola, Dougl. & Scott.

= alni, Doug]. & Scott, nec Fab.

Very like the preceding, but differs from it in being

more densely pubescent, and in having the pubescence

arranged in ‘irregular patches on the elytra : ; the cuneus

also is only very narrowly pale at the base, and conco-

lorous at the apex.

Length 13 line.

On alders ; Lewisham, Esher, &c.

14. varians, H.-Scff. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl san. fic, 7.

= distinctus, Dougl. & Scott.

Orange-red, covered with deciduous golden hairs inter-

mixed with black ones; base of the elytra often paler.

Cuneus red; base widely, and apex white ; extreme apex

of the corium, at its juneture with the cuneus, also some-

times white. Membrane dusky; cells at the base and a

spot below the apex of the cuneus clear ; below this latter

is an irregular dusky cloud. Thighs spotted at the apex.

_ Length 1}—2 lines.

Very common on oaks, &c.; June and July.

Very variable in colour and size; sometimes almost

entirely pale flavous, at others brownish,

Kirschbaum, Fieb.

= roseus, Dougl. & Scott, nec Fall.

Head, thorax, seutellen and clavus more or less ochre-

ous, sometimes with minute red spots. Corium more or

less red, with a darker triangular patch near the apex

Cuneus bright red, very narrowly pale at the extreme

306 Mr. PT sccacke Synopsis of

base. Membrane very dark, with a pale spot below the

apex of the cuneus; second joint of the antenne in the

é slightly thickened; apical joint two-thirds as long as

the third, or more. Thighs spotted at the apex.

Length 1¢ line.

On ashes ; ; Chobham, Reigate, Dartford, &e.

Narrower than varians, and distinguishable by the

shorter third joint to the antenn, the very narrow pale

base to the cuneus, and the clouded spot on the elytra,

PLAGIOGNATHUS.

I. Tibiw with strong black spines springing from small

black spots.

A. Tind margin of the head strongly carinated

and slightly produced... oie .. Roseri,

AA, Hind margin of the head not strongly cari-

nated.

B. Pubescence thick, black, and deciduous.

a. First and second joints of antennex pale viridulus.

b. First and second joints of antennz black arbustorum.

BB. Pubescence thick, dense, and silvery -» albipennis.

BBB. Pubescence fine, grey, and adpressed.

C. Larger, a pale spot on each side of the head

inside the eyes.

a. Base of the elytra widely pale .. -. Bohemanni,

b. Elytra entirely brown .. ar es nigritulus.

CC. Smaller; head entirely dark.. at -- pulicarius.

II. Tibie with fine hair-like spines not springing from

black spots.

a. Base of the elytra pale .. “- «. saltitans.

b. Base of the elytra concolorous .. «- Wilkinsoni.

1. albipennis, Fall. Fig. Hahn, Wanz. Ins. 1. fig. 177.

é Elongate; suboval, ¢ green or blackish-grey, “densely

clothed in Su ery-white hae Head, hone in front,

scutellum, apex of the clavus, and a spot near the apex of

the corium, sometimes darker. Cuneus pale at the base,

darker at the apex. Membrane dusky, with a pale spot

below the apex of the corium; thighs brown; tibi

whitish, with large, thick, black spines. Antenne: first

and second joints black, apex of the second and the third

and fourth often yellowish.

Length 14 line.

On Artemisia mar itima, Hayling Island, and Artemisia

absinthii, gardens, Reigate; common,

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 307

2. viridulus, Fall. Fig. Meyer, Capside, pl. vu. fig. 2, ¢.

Pale yellowish-green, densely clothed with black de-

ciduous hairs. Membrane generally with a dark transverse

line below the apex of the cuneus; cells sometimes dark

at the apex: thighs finely spotted with black ; tibiae with

black spines. Antennz testaceous; first joint black at

the base, and with a dark ring near the apex; second

black at the extreme base, and sometimes slightly dusky

at the apex.

Length 13—2 lines.

Very common; on nettles, &c.

3. arbustorum, Fab. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

ple cit. fie. 5

Black, brown, or pale greyish-brown; cuneus sometimes

paler, sometimes concolorous, densely clothed with black

deciduous hairs. Membrane blackish, with a clear spot

below the apex of the cuneus. Legs pale; thighs mar-

gined with black on each side, and more or less spotted ;

tibize with thick black spines. Antennz: first, second

and extreme base of the third black; apex pale.

Length 2 lines.

Very common; on nettles, &c., in all its varieties; by

sweeping.

4, Roseri, H.-Scff. Fig. H.-Scff. Wanz. Ins. iv. fig. 407, 2.

Head carimated posteriorly, black; the eyes usually

margined with brownish-yellow. Thorax either entirely

black, or testaceous with the callosities black or red.

Scutellum black or red. LElytra flavous, finely pale

pubescent. Corium either with a broad black vitta,

extending from some distance below the base to the

interior apical angle, or entirely pale. Cuneus red, with

the base pale or entirely pale. Femora red, with the

bases black. Antenne: first and second joints black,

third and fourth paler, or with the first reddish, darker at

the base, second broadly pale in the middle.

Length 12 line.

Sallows, &c.

5. Bohemanni, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl. xi. fig. 9.

Shining brown or blackish-brown, clothed with very

fine adpressed yellowish-white hairs. Head with a line

308 Nihal Saunders’ Synopsis of

inside each eye, and sometimes with the base pale.

Thorax generally with a narrow, pale, dorsal line in front,

sometimes also at the base. Scutellum with a pale spot

on each side of the base; elytra with the base to a greater

or less extent, and the cuneus at the base, pale whitish.

Membrane dusky, with a clear spot below the apex of the

cuneus. Thighs brown, pale at the extreme apex; tibize

pale, with strong black spines. Antenne black, apex of

the first joint pale.

Length 1? line.

Common on dwarf sallows at Deal.

6. nigritulus, Fall. Fig. Scott, Ent. Ann. 1864, fig.

( Scott?).

= Scotti, Fieb.

Black or brown, covered with a fine adpressed, greyish

pubescence. Head with a pale lme bordering each eye

on its inner margin. Scutellum sometimes w ith a yellow

spot on each side. Cuneus entirely dark. Membrane

dusky, with a clear spot below the apex of the cuneus,

Femora dark brown, with the apices paler, Tibi pale,

with black spines; tarsi with their apices black.

Length 14 line.

With the preceding, but rarer.

7. pulicarius, Fall. Fig. Dougl. & Scott, Brit. Hem.

pl cstv, fo; 1.

Small, black, shining, covered with a fine, adpressed,

orey pubescence. Miceabeaie dusky ; apices of the femora

pale. Tibix pale, with strong black spines. Antenne

vith the third and fourth, and apex of the second joint,

whitish.

Length 1 line.

On sallow s, &c.; Deal, Wimbledon, Woking, &c. &e,

8. saltitans, Fall.

Head and thorax black; base of the former, and the

inner margins of the eyes, pale. lytra pale at the base

and the extreme apex, the rest brown, covered with

fine, adpressed, yellowish hairs; without cuneus or mem-

brane, and not reaching much beyond the middle of

the body. Thighs brown, with the apices paler; tibize

testaceous, with fine, black, spiny hairs. Antenne black,

third joint brownish, fourth paler.

Length 1 line.

British Hemiptera-Heteropter a. 309

By sweeping, occasional; Dawlish, Wimbledon, Reigate,

&e. &e.

9. Wilkinsoni, Dougl. & Scott.

Smaller than the preceding, entirely brown, clothed

with fine, grey, adpressed hairs. Elytra undeveloped,

reaching to about the middle of the body. Legs with the

thighs brown, paler at the apex; tibie testaceous, with

fine spine-like hairs. Antenne brown; apex of the first

joint pale, third and fourth luteous.

Length 7th line.

Scarborough, at the roots of Convallaria.

TRANS. ENT. SOC, 1875.—PART Iv. (DEC.) AA

Ge 3ue?

XIX. Descriptions of new species of Endomychici.

By Rev. H. S. Goruam,

[Read 38rd November, 1875.]

ENDOMYCHICI.

Family EUMORPHIDE.

Genus AMPHISTERNUS, Germar.

Amphisternus sanguinolentus, n. sp.

Politus, niger, elytris nigro-cy aneis, crebre subtiliter

punctatis maculis duabus sanguineis, una basilari rotunda,

alteraé prope marginem oblonga medio constricta. Long.

lin. 33—4, 4, ¢.

Mas, fibiis nites medio fortiter dentatis, intermediis

apice incurvis, abdomine segmento ultimo triangulariter

exciso, circa excisionem elevato.

A remarkable species, at first sight resembling an

Encymon ; the bifurcate prosternum, clavate femora, and

tooth in the middle of the front tibiz of the male, leave

me no alternative but to place it here, or create for it a

new genus.

The head and thorax are glabrous, with a few fine and

scattered punctures ; lateral margins of the latter a little

thickened and sinuous; basal sulci short, deep at base;

width of thorax nearly twice the length. Elytra half as

wide again as thorax at the base, ovate, blue-black; a

blood-red round spot near the base; a broad vitta parallel

to the margin, composed of two united spots of the same

colour ; their surface shining, finely, closely and distinctly

punctured. Antenne not very long; jomts 4—8 little

longer than wide; 9 triangular, as long as wide; 10, 11

transverse. Underside shining black; ‘prosternum chan-

nelled and with the apex bi-mucronate.

Hab.—Kast Mindanao, Philippines. Dr. Semper.

Genus Encontus, Gerst.

Engonius signifer, n. sp.

Oblongus, subnitidus, crebre ac perspicue punctatus,

thorace antice excayato angulis anticis prominulis retusis,

TRANS. ENT, SOC. 1875,—PART IV. (DEC.) <AA2

312 Rey. H. S$. Gorham’s descriptions of

lateribus opacis, medio canaliculato; elytris fasciis dentatis

duabus flavis, anteriore humerum fere cingente. Long.

fins areas

Black, elytra and disc of thorax shining, oblong-ovate.

Thorax narrower than elytra, transverse; disc w ‘ith a few

punctures and distinctly channelled ; sides reflexed, opaque.

Elytra closely and distinctly punctured; sides scarcely

widened below the middle; apex rounded. The anterior

fascia has its extremities recurved towards the base, and

is bidentate towards the apex; the second fascia has two

teeth corresponding to those in the first, directed towards

the base, and the extremities, and a median tooth directed

towards the apex; neither fascia reach the suture nor

extreme margin. Allied both to #. annularis and £.

lunulatus, Gerst., the punctuation and form both of the

thorax and of the markings is different from either.

Hab.—North India, F, Moore; also in British Museum.

Genus Encymon, Gerst.

Encymon ferialis, n. sp.

Niger, nitidus, glabratus, thorace subquadrato basin

versus angustato, angulis anticis vix prominulis, elytris

violaceo-micantibus fere impunctatis. Long. lin. 3, 2.

Thorax shining, black, the width at the anterior ‘aaale

a little greater than the length, the front margin but little

excay ated ; sides parallel for one-third, below which they

are excavated to the base, but not very strongly; dise

rather convex between the basal sulci, which are deep.

Elytra rather short, strongly convex, suture depressed ;

of a dark purplish-violet, very obsoletely punctured, the

punctures scarcely visible except near the scutellum.

Legs, antenne and underside shining black,

Flab.—Borneo, Coll. F. Chapuis,

Family LYCOPERDINID.

Genus ANcrLopus, Costa.

Ancylopus indicus, n. sp.

Rufo-piceus, nitidus, crebre subtiliter punctatus, abdo-

mine, elytris (macul’ humerali, margineque exceptis),

new species of Endomychici. 313

capite, antennis, pedibusque nigris, tarsis rufis. Long.

hme 35.907

Elongate, nearly parallel, rather smaller than A. graphi-

cus. Head black, opaque; parts of the mouth pitchy red.

Thorax of the width of the elytra, covered with small

distinct punctures; sides finely margined, a little narrowed

to the base; anterior angles prominent, acute, hind angles

a little acute; dise with well-impressed basal sulci. Elytra

widest below the middle, evenly and closely punctured,

exhibiting an indistinct sutural stria, pitchy black with a

square humeral patch, and the anterior two-thirds of the

nargin pitchy red. Legs and antenne black, tarsi and

extreme tips of the tibiz red.

Hab.—North-west Himalaya. Coll. F. Moore; also

two specimens in the British Museum.

Genus PHALANTHA, Gerst.

Phalantha pictipennis, nv. sp.

Depressa, pallide testacea, breviter sub-pubescens, nitida,

confertim punctata, elytris maculis duabus et antennarum

articulis tribus penultimis nigris. Long. lin. 2, 3, &.

Mas, tibiis anticis denticulo parvo triangulari prope

apicem armatis.

Head small, eyes prominent, crown thickly punctured;

antenneze nearly as in P. exrsanguis, with the exception

that only the three joimts preceding the terminal one are

black, the seventh and terminal entirely pale. Thorax

transverse, hardly twice as wide as long; sides with a

tooth-like projection nearer to the front angles than the

base, giving the appearance of the anterior angles having

been cut off. Margin slightly reflexed, basal sulci more

evident than in ersanguis. Elytra sub-cordate, closely

punctured, punctures confluent, varied with marking of a

darker fuscous colour and with éwo round black spots, one

on the dise near the suture, the other near the margin,

and placed obliquely nearer the apex; of the fuscous

markings the most distinct is a lunule connecting the dis-

coidal spot with the suture, and in the examples in which

it is most distinct forming a V; another less distinct spot

on the suture before the apex. Legs pale testaceous; in

the male the front tibiz have a small tooth on their imner

side near the apex, in the female the apex of the elytra is

more truncate than in the male.

3i4 Rey. H. 5. Gorham on Endomychict.

Compared with exsanguts, this species is rather smaller

and narrower, more shining and distinguished by the three

black joints of the antennz and two elytral spots.

HTab,—Para, Amazons.

Family ENDOMYC HID &.

Genus novum THELGETRUM.

Corpus breve, convexum. Antenne ad apicem paulu-

lum incrassate, articulo tertio, secundo duplo longiore,

quarto subequali; articulis 5—8 sub-quadratis, 9, 10, 11

his longioribus, ultimo ovato.

Palpi maxillares ¢ apice truncato.

Pronotum transversum, ely tris dimidio angustiore.

Prosternum latum, margine laterali tenuiter elevato

apice recte truncato.

Pedes valid, longi, tarsi articulis duobus primis for-

titer bilobis.

Type, Z. ampliatum, n. sp.

T. ampliatum, n. sp.

Breviter convexus, ferrugineus, nitidus, subtiliter erebre

punctatus ; antenne nigre articulis duobus basalibus ferru-

gineis, ultimo late testaceo. Long. lin. 2.

Head and thorax finely and fst punctured, shining,

the latter transverse, half as wide again as long ; sides

parallel for two-thirds their length from the base, narrowed

then to the acute front angles. ” Hind angles right. Basal

sulei distinct, continued fox half the length of the disc.

Elytra strongly convex, widest about one-third from their

apex, where ‘they are fully twice the width of the thorax ;

humeral callus prominent. At the base the width of the

elytra is once and a half that of the thorax, thence

eradually widened for two-thirds their length, and evenly

rounded at the apex. Scutelluim small, tri iangular. Suture

not elevated, even, Legs long, femora compressed, pass-

ing the elytra by half their length ; ; tibiee straight, a little

thickened towards their apex. “Underside shining.

Hab.—Philippine Islands. Coll. A. Chapuis.

XX. A List of the Lepidoptera referable to the genus

Hypsa of Wather’s List, with descriptions of

new genera and species By Anrruur G.

Butter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

[Read 38rd November, 1875.]

Family LITHOSIID Z.

Sub-family Hypsinz.

Genus Hypsa, Hubner (Type, H. Stlvandra).

1. Hypsa silvandra.

Phalena-Bombyx silvandra, Cramer, Pap. Exot.

iv. p- 155, pl. 369, fig. D. (1782).

Hypsa silvandra, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.

p: 172, n.-% (1816).

Java (Horsfiecld). B.M.

This species was in the Horsfield Cabinct, mixed up

with H. intacta of Walker, from which it differs chiefly

in the want of the central longitudinal white streak of

primaries: the two insects may, I think, be variations of

one species.

2. Hypsa intacta.

Hypsa intacta, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 451, n. 10

(1854).

Java (Henry, Horsfield, &c.). Type, B.M.

3. Hypsa dama.

Noctua dama, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. 11. p. 216, n. 39

(1781); Donovan, Ins. New Holl. pl. 39, fig. 1 (1805).

Phalena-Noctua dama, Gmelin, ed. Syst. Nat. 1,

5, p. 2545, n. 1049.

Aganais dama, Boisduval, Voy. de l’ Astrolabe, 1,

Lép. p. 250, n. 3 (1832—35).

Hypsa dama, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 449, n. 6

(1854).

Rockingham Bay (Macgillivray); Aru( Wallace) B.M.

The type of H. dama is in the Banksian Cabinet ; it

agrees well with specimen “a” of Walker’s ZZ. silvandra ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.)

316 Mr. AA. G. Butler’s List of

Donoyan’s figure is very incorrect, the white spotted space

at the base of primaries being too extensive, and the white

longitudinal streak much too broad.

4. Hypsa doryca.

Aganais doryca, Boisduval, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, 1,

Lép. p. 251, n. 4 (1832—35).

Ceram (Wallace). B.M.

I found this species confounded in the collection with

#1. lanceolata, with which insect Walker identifies JZ. doryca

in his Supplement, p. 212; the two forms are quite distinct.

5. Hypsa dicta, n. sp.

Allied to /Z. silvandra : wings narrower, no white veins,

but with a distinct white streak on upper surface of

primaries; secondaries with no black spot at end of cell,

and the outer border narrower, excepting at apex, where

it is broader: wings below quite different, brown; primaries

yellow at base; a white spot or patch upon the median

nervure ; secondaries with a broad subtriangular patch on

inner margin, leaving only the costal and outer margins

broadly brown; a blackish spot at end of cell: body

ochreous : expanse of wing's 2 inches 5 lines.

Borneo (Stevens); Philippines (Cuming). Type, B.M.

Very like Hl. lanceolata, with which it was (in part)

associated, but differing in the spotted yellow base of

mrimaries, the narrower white, streak, and the narrower

fiorn border of secondaries.

6. Hypsa lanceolata.

Hypsa lanceolata, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1675

(1856).

Celebes ( Wallace). B.M.

7. Hypsa monycha.

Phalena monycha, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 52;

pl. 131, fiz. C. (1779).

Coromandel.

8. Ilypsa complana.

Hypsa complana, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p. 213 (1864).

Timor and Bouru. Type, Coll. Hope, Oxford.

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 317

9. Hypsa subsimilis.

Hypsa subsimilis, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 212 (1864).

Singapore. Type, Coll. Hope, Oxford.

I have examined both sexes of this species from the

collection of Lieut. Howland Roberts; the female is also

in Mr. Moore’s collection.

10. Hypsa clavata, n. sp.

Primaries very like H. monycha and H. dicta, but

differing from both in the somewhat more clavate form of

the white streak and the veins of basal half being white ;

secondaries with the outer border broader, undulated less

irregularly on its inner edge; a large black spot at the

end of discoidal cell, and occasionally two other spots, one

small on the radial nervure close to the outer border, the

other in the form of an oblique dash on interno-median

interspace towards anal angle: body golden-yellow, collar

and tegule black-spotted, abdomen with a dorsal series of

five black spots; differences below much as above, but

only the subcostal vein and the base of the costal, on basal

area of primaries, white: expanse of wings 2 inches

8 lines.

Hong-Kong (Bowring), E. India, Silhet ( Sowerby).

Type, B.M.

This is the H. stlvandra of Walker’s Catalogue.

Mr. Moore has this species from Borneo and Silhet.

11. Hypsa heliconia.

Phalena-Noctua heliconia, Linnxus. Syst. Nat. 1,

il. p. 839 (1767).

Hypsa heliconia, Uiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.

p- 172, n. 1778 (1816).

Hypsa (Aspa) heliconia, Walker, Lep. Het. ii.

p- 452, n. 11 (1854),

N. India (James), Silhet (Sowerby), Moulmein ( Clerch),

Sarawak ( Wallace). B.M.

12. Hypsa persecta, n. sp.

Allied to H. plana, but the subcostal creamy spot of

primaries smaller and distinctly separated by a brown band

or line from the large creamy area; the ochraceous basal

area paler, and the black spots upon it well separated and

more clearly outlined ; secondaries with the brown border

narrow, not quite extending to the anal angle; a large

318 Nght G. Butler’s List of

black spot at end of cell, a second (cut by. the radial

nervure) upon discoidal interspace, a third. upon interno-

median interspace, and a fourth, smaller near anal angle ;

body paler yellow, tegule and collar with a small black

spot on each side; abdomen much as in H. plana; pri-

maries below with the external brown area more regular,

transverse; a large black spot on discocellulars; discoidal

spot large, rounded, and black; secondaries with costal

border black, apical and external borders brown as above;

six black spots, the additional one being placed in the

middle of the discoidal cell ; body below as in H. plana:

expanse of wings 2 inches 3 to 9 lines.

$ Ceylon ( Zempleton), 2 Silhet (Stainsforth).

Type, B. M.

This species was confounded with “. plana by Mr.

Walker, who in his diagnosis says, “ posticee seepe maculis

nonnullis murinis ;” in the short description which follows

he observes, “The spots on the hind wings are occasionally

wanting,” which would have inclined me to consider the

Indian species as type, but the difficulty is settled by

Moore, who figures the metamorphoses of the Javan

species: the two things are entirely distinct.

Mr. Moore has this species from Canara, 8. India ;

N. E. Bengal ; and Formosa.

13, Hypsa albifera.

Aganais albifera, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. 4,

pl. evi. fig. 3 (1874).

Allied to the preceding.

Hab. —?

14. Hypsa clara, n. sp.

Allied to H. plana, but paler; primaries with brown

areas, less irregular, much paler; a brown nebulous streak

on interno-median interspace ; base yellowish, with five

well separated clearly defined black spots, also a black dot

at the base; a brown spot near the base, on the inner

margin ; secondaries white, with two brown dots on in-

terno-median interspace, and a brown subanal litura: head

and collar pale ochraceous, the latter with two black spots ;

tegule white, with a black dot on the shoulder ; thorax

creamy, with a central anterior longitudinal pyriform black

spot; abdomen ochreous, with a dorsal series of seven

black spots: wings below white, primaries with apical area

broadly pale brown ; a large brown spot on discoccllulars,

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 319

and a cuneiform, brown, discoidal streak ; secondaries with

a subcostal nebulous rounded brown spot, and three

subanal spots as above; pectus creamy whitish; venter

creamy ochreous, with lateral series of black dots: expanse

of wings 2 inches 5 lines.

Java (Horsfield). Type, B.M.

Mr. Moore has an example slightly darker, and with

the spots rather blacker.

15. Hypsa speciosa.

Phalena-noctua speciosa, Drury, Il. Ex. Ent. ui.

pe 10, pl. b, fie? (17738).

Hypsa speciosa, Walker, Lep, Het. 2, p. 460, n. 27

(1854),

Sierra Leone.

Allied to the preceding species.

16. Hypsa plana.

Hypsa plana, Walker, Lep. Het. 11. p. 450, n. 8

(1854); Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Comp. i. p. 294,

n. 675, pl. xi. figs. 9, 9* (1858—9).

Java (Horsfield). Type, B.M.

We have six examples of this species, exhibiting no

tendency to vary; the body alone would readily distin-

euish it from HZ. clara, as the tegule are ochreous, heavily

streaked with black, and the abdomen is transversely

banded with black; the wings are, however, differently

coloured.

17. Hypsa? tortuosa.

Neochera tortuosa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soe. p. 570,

pl. xxxiii. fig. 2 (1872).

India. Type, Coll. Hope, Oxford.

This beautiful species seems to me to be related to the

four preceding species rather than to Neochera; it has,

moreover, the same extremely long palpi.

Subgenus Damauis, Hiibner (Type, D. carice, Fabr.)

18. Hypsa alciphron.

Phalena-Attacus alciphron, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii.

p. 58, pl. 133, fig. Ei (1779).

Hypsa alciphron, Moore, Cat. Lep. KE. T. Comp. u.

p- 292, n. 669 (1858—9).

320 Mr. A. G. Butler’s List of

Noctua carice, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. iii. p. 27

(1793); Donovan, Ins. New Holl. pl. 39, fig. 2 (1805).

Hipocrita vulgaris carice, Hiibner, Samml. Exot.

Schmett. 1, pl. 191, figs. 1—4 (1806).

Damalis carice, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p.

172, n. 1780 (1816).

Aganais carice, Boisduval, Voy. de V Astrolabe,

Lép. 1, p. 248 (1832—35),.

Hypsa (Damalis) carice, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p. 454, n. 13 (1854).

N. India (James), Moulmein ( Clerch), Borneo (Low),

Java (Horsfield), Ceram (Wallace), Celebes, Menado

(Madame Ida Pfeiffer).

B.M.

19. Hypsa plaginota, n. sp.

Nearly allied to Hl. alciphiron, but larger and paler,

the nervures of primaries clearly defined in cream-colour;

basal yellow area rather more extended; a large cream-

coloured subeuneiform patch, its apex, within the cell,

filling up the bases of the second median and lower dis-

coidal interspaces; above it (at upper termination of

discoidal cell) a small cream-coloured spot; below, with all

the spots black and well defined, excepting two, near

apical costa of secondaries; primaries with a broad creamy

area, covering and surrounding the end of the discoidal

cell; secondaries with the apical brown border badly

defined; expanse of wings 2 inches 8 lines.

Hab.—India (£. Doubleday). Type, B.M.

Like many of the Lepidoptera presented by Doubleday,

this is probably Indian. It appears to me to be quite

distinet from the preceding species. Mr. Moore has a

series of this species from the N. E. Himalayas; the white

spots in the primaries of the male are rather smaller.

20. Hypsa producta, n. sp.

General pattern and colouration of HZ. alciphron, but

larger, the primaries much more produced, the yellow

area at base more extensive and oblique, with six instead

of five black spots; spots on abdomen very large; pri-

maries below with a whitish halo round the large disco-

cellular black spot; spots of secondaries small but black;

apical brown area confined to costa: expanse of wings

2 inches 11 lines.

Ceylon ( Templeton). Type, B.M.

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 321

Walker confounded this, the preceding and the succeed-

ing species, with /Z. aleiphron ; the largest example of that

insect in the collection measures 2 inches 9 lines in ex-

panse, the length of the costa of primaries being 1 inch

24 lines, and the inner margin 93 lines; in LH. producta

the costa is 1 inch 34 lines, and the j inner margin 93 lines ;

consequently the outer margin is far more oblique than

usual, Also in Mr. Moore’s collection.

21. Hypsa strigivenata, n. sp.

Allied to Hl. alciphron, but much larger, the veins of

primaries well-defined, the costal area and a streak, taper-

ing along the submedian nervure, cream-coloured; the

postmedian creamy spot large, and sending spurs down

the second and third median branches; basal area deep

ochreous, with six small black spots; secondaries as in

FH. alciphron, but deeper coloured; body much deeper

coloured; abdominal spots narrow and transverse; pri-

maries below with a large white area from central

discoidal spot to outer border; spots of secondaries as in

Ff, alciphron, but small, black, and well-defined ; apical

brown area well-defined: expanse of wings 3 inches

1 line.

Penang (Norris). Type, B.M.

Mr. Moore has this species from Sikkim and. Silhet.

22. Hypsa discreta.

Hypsa discreta, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 216 (1864).

N. Australia (sey). Type, B.M.

Subgenus Laciprs, Valker (Type, L. jicus).

23. Hypsa ficus.

Noctua ficus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ul. p. 27

(1793). |

Damalis ficus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172,

n. 1781 (1816).

Hypsa (Lacides) jficus, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p-. 456, n. 17 (1854).

Ne Bengal (Saunders), N. India. (Stevens), ae

( Templeton). B.M.

322 Mr, A. G. Butler’s List of

Subgenus AGANAIS (part), Botsduval, see p. 326.

24. Hypsa privata.

Hypsa privata, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe. vi.

p- 100 (1862).

Borneo ( Wallace).

25. Hypsa eequalis.

Hypsa equalis, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p. 214 (1864).

Aru (Wallace). Type,- BM:

This species may eventually prove to be the male of

IT, significans.

26. Ilypsa australis.

Aganais australis, Boisduval, Voy. de V Astrolabe,

1, Lép. p. 252, n. 5, pl. 5, fig. 3 (1882—35).

New Guinea.

Closely allied to H. equalis.

27. Hypsa significans.

Hypsa significans, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p. 215 (1864).

Aru (Wallace), Type, B.M.

28, Hypsa strigosa.

Aganais strigosa, Boisduval, Voy. de l’ Astrolabe, 1,

Lép. p. 250, n. 2 (1832—35).

New Guinea.

Evidently allied to the preceding species.

29. Hypsa nebulosa, n. sp.

$ Very close to H. egens, but with more slender and

longer antenn and longer primaries; altogether duller in

colouring; primaries brownish-ochraceous, with the veins

pale ochraceous; base, excepting on costa, bright ochreous ;

the five basal black spots wider apart and slightly larger;

secondaries broader, dull ochreous, costal area sericeous-

whitish ; a small dusky spot on radial nervure: head,

collar and thorax deep reddish-ochreous; a small black

spot on each tegula; abdomen dull ochreous, with a dorsal

series of black pots: wings below duller and deeper in

colouring, the brownish areas replaced by brown, crossed

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 323

by pale nervures; all the black spots considerably enlarged ;

primaries with an additional black spot just below the base

of first median branch; secondaries with two large subanal

black spots, the upper one oblique: expanse of wings

2 inches 8 lines.

Sarawak (Wallace). Type, B.M.

A local representative of H. egens, but much deeper-

coloured than males from N. India, our largest examples of

which measure 2 inches 6 lines in expanse. Examples

of the females sometimes attain to 1 inch 7 lines,

but are brighter iu colouring and less heavily spotted,

whilst both sexes from Jaya are very small and brightly

coloured, with the black spots of the under surface small,

30. Hypsa egens.

Hypsa (Damalis) egens, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p. 453, n. 12 (1854).

N. India (James), Silhet (Argent), Moulmein ( Clerch),

Java (Horsfield).

Type, B.M.

Our smallest Javan example measures only 1 inch

10 lines in expanse. If it be proved by breeding that the

Indian form is distinct, the name must be retained for the

Javan insect, as Mr. Moore has figured the metamor-

phoses in his Catalogue (pl. xii. figs. 7, 7*), thus fixing it

as the type of Walker’s species.

31. Hypsa insularis.

Aganais insularis, Boisduval, Faune de Madag.

p- 97, pl. 15, fig. 2 (1833).

Hypsa insularis, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 459,

n. 22 (1854).

Aganais borbonica ¢, Herrich-Schiiffer, Lep. Exot.

fig. 118 (1854), nec Boisduval.

Bourbon.

HI. insularis is evidently closely allied to HZ. egens, but

appears to differ on the under surface ; it is not at all

likely to be the female of ZH. borbonica; in my opinion,

the latter is not even congeneric with Hypsa.

32. Hypsa versicolor.

Noctua versicolor, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. 2,

p- 49, n. 1384 (1793); Donovan, Ins. New Holl.

pl. 39, fig..3 (1805). -

Aganais versicolor, Boisduval, Voy. de lV Astro-

labe, 1, Lép. p. 252, n. 6 (1832—25).

—

324 Mr. A. G. Butler’s List of

Hypsa versicolor, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 459,

n. 26 (1854).

New Guinea.

This species seems to be also allied to HZ. egens.

Subgenus AGAPE, Felder (Type, A. cyanopyga),

33. Hypsa chloropyga.

Hypsa chloropyga, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 455,

n. 16 (1854).

Var. Hypsa analis, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1677

(1856).

Agape cyanopyga, Felder, Reise der Noy. Lep. 4,

pl. evi. fig. 4 (1874).

Port Macquarie (Macgillivray), Ceram (Pfeiffer).

Types, B.M.

H. analis only differs from typical H. chloropyga in its

rather smaller size and the smaller spots on primaries,

34. Hypsa Javana.

Phalena Javana, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 146,

pl. 274, fig. C. (1782).

Hypsa ‘(Damalis) Javana, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p- 454, n. 14 (1854).

Moulmein ( Clerch). B.M.

Hypsa saturata of Walker (Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 217)

appears to me to be the type of a new genus allied to

Petalia, and I think that Aganais ensemioides of Felder

(Nov. Voy. Lep. 4, pl. evi. fig. 1) may be congeneric

with it; the basal portion of the palpi in ZZ, saturata is

very hair y, the hairs being directed backwards in a point

towards the upper part of the head ; the terminal joint is

wanting in the ty pes the antenne are rather short, the

wings more like Petalia than Hypsa in form, and the

abdomen is slender; I shall therefore propose the name

Methypsa for this insect.

Genus Panetmma, Moore (Type, P. narcissus.)

1, Panglima narcissus.

Phalena-Bombyx narcissus, Cramer, Pap. Exot.

1, p. 116, pl. 73, figs. Ke, FP (1479),

Noctua nar cissus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 11. 3, p. 20

(1793).

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 325

epaa narcissus, Walker, Lep. Het. 2, p. 458,

n. 20 (1854).

China.

Mr. Moore has a series of this species from Madras.

2. Panglima gloriosa, n. sp.

Nearly allied to the preceding species, but the dark

anterior area of primaries broader, aud edged with sulphur-

yellow; the veins not white; the border of secondaries

black, interrupted by a large, subquadrate, apical, white

patch, and continued round the margin to anal angle:

expanse 3 inches.

Cabinda (J. J. Monteiro). Type, B.M.

The Liverpool Museum possesses a second example of

this species from Old Calabar.

PACHYPHILONA, n. gen. (Type, P. correcta).

Allied to Philona, but not so slenderly built; the an-

tenn of the male short, and thickly pectinated ; the outer

margins of the wings regularly rounded; second and third

median branches of secondaries not emitted so close to-

gether: abdomen more robust.

1. Pachyphilona correcta.

Hypsa correcta, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 217 (1864).

Ceylon (Stevens). Type, B.M.

Walker calls the secondaries of this species “ pale

luteous ;” they are distinctly ochreous, as in Philona.

Mr. Moore fortunately possesses a male of this species ;

otherwise I could not have described the genus, as the

type is destitute of antenne.

Genus Puoitona, Walker (Type, P. inops).

1. Philona inops.

Hypsa (Philona) inops, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p- 457, n. 18 (1854).

Philona inops, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Comp. 1.

p- 294, n. 676 (1858—9).

Silhet (Sowerby, Stainsforth, Doubleday) ; Java (Hors-

Jield ). Type, B.M.

The example from Jaya has white secondaries, but the

TRANS, ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.) BB

326 un. G. Butler’s List of

yellow colouring in this group seems either to fade very

rapidly, or to be frequently replaced by white ; therefore I

suspect it is merely variation.

Genus PeTALiA, Walker (Type, P. plagiata).

1. Petalia plagiata.

Hypsa (Petalia) plagiata, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p- 457, n. 19 (1854).

New Holland (Stevens); Moreton Bay ( Gibbon).

Type, B.M.

Genus AGANAIS, Boisduval (Type, A. borbonica).

In this genus the primaries are shorter, and the antennz

of the males much more broadly pectinated than in //ypsa.

1. Aganais subretracta.

Hypsa subretracta, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1676

(1856).

Aganais aphidas, Hopffer, Monatsber. Kongl.

Akad. Wiss. Berl. p. 422 (1857); Peters’ Reise n.

Mozamb. p. 432, pl. 28, fig. 8 (1862).

Natal ( Gueinzius). Type, B.M.

2. Aganais undulifera.

Hypsa undulifera, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1676

(1856).

Hab. —? (Doubleday). Type, B.M.

The secondaries are sometimes yellow; so that this

species only differs from the preceding in having a brown

outer border to the latter wings.

3. Aganais borbonica.

Aganais borbonica, Boisduval, Faune Ent. de

Madag. p. 91, n. 1,. pl. 15, fiz. 1 (1833):

Aganais todamia, Herrich-Schiiffer, Lep. Exot.

fie. 120 (1854).

Hypsa antica, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1673

(1856).

Hypsa stipata, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1, p. 216

(1864).

“ Mauritius,” Botsduval, “ Cape,” Waihker, Hab. —?

Norris. B.M.

We have the type of Walker’s HZ. stipata; it differs in

no respect from Boisduval’s species.

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 327

Genus AnaanrA, Walker (Type, A. subfascia).

1. Anagnia subfascia.

Hypsa (Anagnia) subfascia, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p- 446, n. 2 (1854).

Anagnia subfascia, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Comp.

ll. p. 296, n. 681 (1858—1859).

Moulmein ( Clerch), N. India (James). Type, B.M.

Genus AGANOPIS, Herrich-Schaffer.

1. Aganopis orbicularis.

Hypsa (Peridrome) orbicularis, Walker, Lep.

Het. 2, p. 445, n. 1 (1854).

Anagnia orbicularis, Moore, Cat. Lep. Ei. I. Comp.

ii. p. 296, n. 682 (1858—1859).

Aganopis subquadrata,Herrich-Schifter, Lep. Exot.

Sp. Nov. p. 72, figs. 501—2 (1856).

N. India (James). Type, B.M.

Genus Eupiocia, Hubner (Type, £. membliare).

—_

. Euplocia memblaria.

Phalena-Bombyx membliaria, Cramer, Pap.

Exot. 1. p. 139, pl. celxix. figs. C, D (1782).

Hypsa (Euplocia) membliaria, Walker, Lep. Het.

2, p. 448, n. 3 (1854).

Euplocia membliare (sic), Hiibner, Verz. bek.

Schmett, p. 172, n. 1782 (1816).

N. India ( Warwick), Moulmein ( Clerch). B.M.

2. Euplocia renigera.

Aganais renigera, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. 4,

pl. evi. fig. 2 (1874).

Hab.—?

3. Euplocia moderata, n. sp.

Euplocita membliaria, Moore (nec Cramer), Cat.

Lep. E. I. Comp. i. p. 295, n. 679 (1858-9).

Very like E. membliaria, but smaller and darker; the

male costal fold much less developed; the body much

deeper in colour; the orange discoidal patch darker and

the orange-spot at the end of the cell obsolete, merely

colouring the discocellulars: expanse of wings 2 inches

10 lines to 3 inches.

$, 2 Java (Horsfield). Type, B.M.

BB2

328 Mr. A. G. Butler’s List of

4, Euplocia inconspicua, n. sp.

Nearly allied to EF. membliaria, but darker, the

white veins restricted to the external area of primaries,

obsolete on secondaries ; the male costal development

scarcely traceable ; the orange patch of female re-

stricted to a basi-costal streak; no trace of orange at

end of cell: body deep orange: expanse of wings

3 inches to 3 and 1 line.

Fifty miles from Macassar (/Vallacc). Type, B. M.

Genus Neocuera, Hubner (Type, N. eugenia).

- Neochera eugenia.

eealene. eugenia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 235,

pl. ecexeviii. fig. M (1782).

Neochera eugenia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.

p. 173, n. 1783 (1816).

Hypsa (Neochera) eugenia, Walker, Lep. Het. 2,

p- 449, n. 5 (1854).

Dorey (Wallace). B.M.

Var. smaller, with the white veins extending all over

the primaries, instead of being restricted to basal area.

Aru (Wallace). B.M.

2. Neochera Bhawana.

$ Neochera Bhawana, Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus,

B31.“ Comip. ai. p - 295, 0:67.88, spl wate:

(1858, 1859).

2 Neochera dominia (part), ] Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus.

EK. I. Comp. i. p. 295, n. 677 (1858—1859).

$, ¢ Java pie sfield), Type, B.M.

Mr. Moore speaks of male and female Javan WV. dominia

as in Horsfield’s collection, but I have examined all the

specimens minutely, and find that all the examples referred

to N. dominia are females; they differ from the females

of N. marmorea, &c. in having the spots of secondaries

united into a continuous marginal border.

3. Neochera albivena.

Hypsa albivena, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 1,

p- 213 (1864).

Tondano. Type, Coll. Hope, Oxford.

I strongly suspeet that this is identical with the Aru

form of NV. eugenia.

Lepidoptera of the genus Hypsa. 329

4, Neochera stibostethia, n. sp.

2 Very like the female of WM. Bhawana, but rather

paler, with the head, collar, thorax, tegule and basal seg-

ment of abdomen white; the collar and tegule partially

bordered with ochreous: expanse of wings 3 inches

1 line.

Bourou (Wallace). Type, B. M.

This species has the continuous border of the preceding

females.

5. Neochera marmorea.

& Hypsa marmorea, Walker, Lep. Het. 7, p. 1674

(1856).

8, 2? Hypsa (Neochera) dominia, Walker, Lep.

Het. 2, p. 448, n. 4 (1854).

$ Silhet ( Statnsforth), 2 N. India (James), Moul-

mein ( Clerch). Type, B. M.

Walker made the same example serve as male both

for NV. dominia and N. marmorea.

6. Neochera dominia.

? Phalena dominia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 123,

pl. 263, figs. A, B. (1782).

Neochera dominia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.

p- 173, n. 1784 (1816).

Coimbatoor, 8. India ( Walhouse). B. M.

7. Neochera? isthmia.

Hypsaisthmia, Walker, Lep. Het. vii. p. 1674 (1856).

Manilla. Type, Coll. Hope, Oxford.

This may not be a Neochera.

Phalena mauritia of Cramer and Lithosia Arthus-

Bertrand of Guérin, referred to Hypsa by Walker, are

both species of Amerila.

ADDITIONAL SPECIES.

Hypsa spheerifera.

Hypsa borbonica &, Herrich-Schiiffer, Lep. Exot.

fig. 119 (nee fig. 118), (1854).

Australia.

@ Bat

XXI. On some new genera and species of Heteromerous

Coleoptera (Helopide) from Tierra del Fuego.

By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE.

[Read 3rd November, 1875.]

Most of the insects described in this paper were

brought to this country by Mr. Charles Darwin. They

were described by my father, many years ago, in a paper

on the classification of the Heteromera. By a most un-

fortunate accident this paper slipped, during its transport

to the Entomological Society, from the wrapper in which

it was enclosed, and was lost.

The specimens have remained untouched until the

present day, and in the following descriptions I have

made use of the original dissections made by my father.

The species are five in number, and, although they all

approach the genus Helops, they differ so much in struc-

ture and appearance that I have deemed it best to propose

three new genera for their reception.

They are all apterous, and one of them was found in

some numbers in Tierra del Fuego, on the sea-shore, under

stones that were covered to some depth at each high

tide.

The following are the descriptions :—

Fam. HELOPIDZ-.

Curroniscus, G. R. Waterhouse, MS.

Mentum very small. Ligula truncate in front, with

the angles rounded. Apical joint of the labial palpi sub-

cylindrical, small, nearly as long as the two preceding

joints taken together. Maxillary palpi with the penul-

timate joint not longer than broad; the apical joint twice

as long as the second, wider at its apex, but not securi-

form. Mandibles bifid at the apex. Labrum transverse,

not emarginate. Head not much narrowed behind the

eyes; clypeus distinctly separated from the forehead by a

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART IV. (DEC.)

332 Ms C. O. Waterhouse on

deeply-impressed line. Scarcely any ridge over the base

of the antenne. Eyes not very prominent. Antenne

moderately long; the second joint cylindrical, a little

longer than the first and more slender; the third, fifth

and seventh joints nearly equal, a little shor ter than the

second; the fourth, sixth and eighth joints a little shorter

than the third, fifth and sev enth respectively ; the ninth,

tenth and eleventh gradually becoming a little stouter.

Thorax flattened, all the angles rounded; base emarginate.

Scutellum transverse, truncate at the apex. Elytra im-

perfectly covering the abdomen, diverging posteriorly.

Legs long ; anterior tarsi with the four basal joints (very

gradually decreasing’) subequal; basal joint to the pos-

terior tarsus as long as the two following together. An-

terior cox prominent, the prosternum sunk between

them and channelled; intermediate coxze somewhat

widely separated from each other; the mesosternum trun-

cate in front, transversely excavated between the coxe ;

metasternum very short, with a deep central impression ;

posterior cox rather widely separated. Teguments

generally soft.

Chitoniscus brevipennis, sp. n.

Piceus, depressus; corpore subtus, femoribusque piceo-

testaceis. Capite sat lato, nitido, irregulariter haud crebre

punctulato, clypeo piceo-testaceo. Antennis piceis, articulo

primo et 9°, 10° et 11° piceo-testaceis, his pubescentibus.

Thorace dorsim depressiusculo, nitido, sat crebre subtiliter

punctato, longitudine vix latiori, lateribus rotundatis.

Scutello piceo-testaceo, subtiliter punctulato. Elytris basi

thorace paulo latioribus postice ampliatis, striatis; singulo

elytro margine interno areuato. Abdomine supra nitido,

impunctato, subtus subtiliter aciculato-punctato, punctis

setiferis. Pectore nitido, impunctato.

‘Long. 43 lin.; lat. 14—2 lin.

Hab.—Tierra del Fuego. Brit. Mus.

The surface of the ely tra is shghtly wrinkled, and the

strize (not deeply impressed) are in pairs and not punctured.

This most curious insect (which from the loose manner

in which the joints are set reminds one of a Blatta) was

found in some numbers by Mr. Darwin on the sea-shore

under stones.

Heteromerous Coleoptera from Tierra del Fuego. 333

H1YDROMEDION, gen. noy.

Antenne long and slender, the third to tenth joints

gradually becoming shorter, the tenth being still one-third

longer than broad. Klytra covering the abdomen, not

diverging at the apex, the internal margins being con-

tiguous nearly to the apex. Prosternum sunk between

the cox, keeled. Mesosternum completely shelving in

front, compressed between the coxe, which are not much

separated. Metasternum short, channelled behind; pos-

terior cox not much separated,

The rest as in Chitoniseus.

Hydromedion elongatum, sp. n.

Elongatum, piceo-testaceum, sat nitidum. Capite sat

magno, sat crebre subtiliter punctulato. Thorace capite

paulo latiori, longitudine vix latiori, sat crebre fortius

punctato, leyiter convexo, antice omnino rotundato, postice

paulo angustato, angulis posticis [plerumque | fere rectis,

obtusiusculis. Scutello transverso, basi parce punctulato.

Elytris basi thorace paulo latioribus, et 2? longioribus,

postice ampliatis, sat convexis, fortiter punctato-striatis,

interstitiis sat angustatis, leviter convexis, nitidis; singulo

elytro ad apicem rotundato. Abdomine subtus parce

subtilissime punctulato.

Long. 5 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Var.—Head more distinctly punctured. Thorax with

the sides much rounded, and the posterior angles more

obtuse. Mesosternum only slightly keeled between the

cox ; strive of the elytra less closely punctured.

Hab.—Tierra del Fuego. Brit. Mus.

PARAHELOPS, gen. nov.

Eyes prominent. Antenne reaching to the shoulders

of the elytra: first jomt stout, a little longer than broad ;

second joint the same length as the first “put less stout;

third joint as long as the two preceding taken together,

cylindrical; the fourth scarcely longer than the second ;

the fifth to tenth gradually becoming shorter, but not

perceptibly thicker; the eleventh joint nearly globular,

but with a fine point at the apex. LElytra covering the

abdomen, the internal margins contiguous, the internal

angle slightly rounded. Prosternum flat between the

coxe (which are not very prominent), not produced

behind. Mesosternum completely shelving in front, the

334 NY Fa OF O. Waterhouse on

part between the coxze moderately broad and nearly flat.

Abdominal process between the cox moderately broad,

truncate in front. The rest as in Chitoniscus.

The structure of the sterna in this genus most nearly

approaches that of Helops striatus, but the mesosternum

is shelving in front and not concave. The apical joint of

the maxillary palpi is not securiform, &e.

Parahelops pubescens, sp. nov.

Klongatus, piceo-niger, nitidus, parce breviter griseo-

pubescens. Capite crebre distincte punctato ; oculis pro-

minentibus. Thorace [pler umque | convexiusculo, sat

crebre distincte punctato, capite paulo latiori, latitudine

haud longiori, antice posticeque paulo angustatis, lateribus

leviter arcuatis, ante angulis (anticis posticisque ) leviter

incisis. Scutello triangulari, brevi. Elytris basi thorace

paululo latioribus, medio paulo ampliatis, convexis, sat

fortiter striato-punctatis ; interstitiis haud convexis, sub-

seriatim subtiliter punctulatis. Corpore subtus ecrebre

distincte punctato.

Long. 33 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

This species varies in a most remarkable manner both

in sculpture and form. The thorax is thickly puncutes

sometimes moderately strongly, sometimes very delicately

it is sometimes broadest in front, gradually awe

behind, the sides being nearly straight ; sometimes the

sides are much rounded, and the thorax. 4 is SO narrow in

front that only the neck of the head can be withdrawn,

whereas in other examples the head and eyes can be with-

drawn into the thorax; the posterior angles are at times

slightly acute, sometimes obliquely truncate. The elytra

vary in length, sometimes bluntly rounded at the apex, at

others somewhat attenuated; the striz are sometimes im-

pressed and strongly punctured, at others not impressed

and delicately punctured. These differences are certainly

not specific, as the two sides of the same specimen are not

always quite alike.

Hab.—Tierra del Fuego. Brit. Mus.

Parahelops Darwinii, sp. nov.

Nigro-piceus, nitidus, sat latus, depressiusculus. Capite

crebre fortiter punctato; oculis prominentibus; antennis

piceis. Thorace capite duplo latiori, longitudine } latiori,

convexiusculo, crebre fortiter punctato, antice omnino ro-

Feteromerous Coleoptera from Tierra del Fuego. 335

tundato, postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis

posticis fere rotundatis. Scutello transverso, brevi.

Elytris thorace paululo latioribus, postice paulo ampliatis,

leviter convexis, ad suturam depressiusculis, fortiter striato-

punctatis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctulatis. Pectore

discrete fortiter punctato. Abdomine subtiliter discrete

punctulato. Tarsis obscure testaceis.

Long. 44 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Var.—Thorax with the sides very gently emarginate

towards the posterior angles, which are in consequence

more distinct.

Hab.—Tierra del Fuego; Valparaiso. Brit. Mus.

Parahelops quadricollis, sp. n.

Oblongus, piceo-niger, sat convexus, nitidus, breviter

eriseo-pubescens. Capite creberrime distincte punctato ;

oculis prominulis. Thorace parum convexo, creberrime

distincte punctato, capite 4 latiori, longitudine } latiori,

margine antico medio parum producto, angulis anticis

rotundatis, lateribus fere parallelis, ante angulos posticos

“subito parum obliquis, angulis posticis obtusiusculis.

Scutello parvo, triangulari. LElytris thorace paulo latiori-

bus, et 21 longioribus, sat convexis, postice paululo

amplhatis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis con-

vexiusculis, subseriatim subtilissime punctulatis. Abdomine

crebre distincte punctato.

Long. 33 lin. ; lat. 14 lin.

This species most_nearly approaches C. pubescens, and

has the same general structure, but it is relatively broader.

It is distinguished by its thicker punctuation of the head

and thorax, and by the broad form of the latter. The

elytra are proportionately less elongate, the shoulders are

distinct. ‘The abdomen is less strongly and less thickly

punctured than in C. pubescens, and the pubescence is

finer. The apex of the antenne and the tarsi are pitchy.

Var.—Thorax with the sides gently rounded.

Hab.—Falkland Islands (C. Darwin and ‘Thos. Have ers,

Esqrs.) Brit. Mus.

336 Mc. O. Waterhouse on

To complete this paper I subjoin the following species,

collected by Dr. Hooker and Mr. T. Havers:—

Iydromedion elongatum, var.

In the British Museum there are three specimens which

differ from the species which I have named J/. elongatum

in being rather smaller, testaceous, relatively shorter, and

having the elytra less ‘strongly punctured, ‘the strix not

impressed. These may prove to belong to a distinct

species, but I prefer at present considering them a variety

of the above named.

Hab.—Straits of Magellan (Dr. Hooker).

Hydromedion variegatum, sp. Nov.

Precedenti affine ; minus convexum, testaceum, fusco-

variegatum, antennis tibiisque fusco-annulatis. Capite

post oculos rotundato-angustato. Elytris sat fortiter sub-

seriatim punctatis, marginibus reflexis.

Long. 33—4i lin.

I am chiefly induced to give this the rank of a species

on account of the form of the head. In /Z. elongatum

the head behind the eyes has the sides parallel, so that the

eyes do not project ; in the present insect the head is con-

tracted behind the eyes so as to leave them prominent.

The thorax is less convex, and has the lateral margins

distinct. The elytra are relatively shorter, less convex,

not strongly punctured, and the margins are gently

reflexed. The apical half of each joint of the antennz

and tarsi is fuscous, and the tibiz are ringed with the

same colour.

Hab.—Straits of Magellan (Dr. Hooker and Capt.

Ross). Brit. Mus.

Parahelops Haversti, sp. 0.

Ovalis, brunneo-testaceus, nitidus, convexiusculus,

Capite creberrime subtiliter punctulato ; oculis promi-

nentibus. Thorace capite duplo latiori, longitudine

1 Jatiori, leviter convexo, ereberrime distincte punctulato,

antice posticeque fere recte truncato, angulis rotundatis,

lateribus leviter rotundatis, marginibus reflexis. Scutello

transverso, crebre punctulato.. LElytris thorace paulo

Heteromerous Coleoptera from Tierra del Fuego. 337

latioribus, medio leviter ampliatis, convexis, fortiter

punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, levibus ; mar-

ginibus lateralibus bene reflexis. Corpore subtus sub-

opaco; abdomine creberrime subtiliter punctulato, flavo-

pubescenti.

Long. 3 lin.; lat. 12 ln.

In general form this species resembles a Necrophilus

(Silphide), but has the thorax scarcely broader behind

than im front. The eyes are very prominent. The

shoulders of the elytra are nearly rectangular, but blunt ;

the striz are not deeply impressed, are strongly but not

very thickly punctured; the margins are reflexed, the

reflexed portion eradually narrowing to the apex.

Hab.—Falkland Islands (T. Havers, Esq.). Brit. Mus.

(389)

XXII. Descripiion of a new genus of Coleoptera, belong-

ing to the family Scaritide. By Dr. HEr-

MANN BURMEISTER.

[Read 1st December, 1875. ]

TuE following description of a new Coleopterous insect

was communicated by Professor Burmeister, of Buenos

Ayres, who had named it in honour of Professor West-

wood on his attaining the age of seventy years, on the

22nd December, 1875 (adopting for it one of his christian

names ) :—

OBADIUS INSIGNIS.

This new genus, belonging to the family Scaritide,

was taken on the shore of the River Uruguay, near the

little town of Concordia in Entrerios; and communicated

to me as the single specimen found there. The insect has

the external appearance of Clivina, but differs from that

genus and all others known of the same family by many

particular characters, exposed in the following general

description :—

Adumbratio generis.

Antenne ante oculos inserte, breves, 11-articulatee, sub-

moniliformes; articulo primo elongato, subclavato, sequen-

tibus tribus longitudine equali; secundo, tertio et quarto

longitudine decrescentibus, nudis, nitidis ; quarto omnium

minutissimo ; reliquis longitudine zequalibus, sensim paulu-

lum crassioribus, tenerrime pubescentibus, pallide pilosis;

ultimo majori, obtuse acuminato.

Oculi hemispherici, parum convexi, sed desuper con-

spicul, posticum versus nodulo genarum suffulti.

Clypeus, frons et vertex irregulariter rugosi, lateribus

argute marginatis; pars anterior frontis juxta clypeum

dilatata, subtumida, sulco longitudinali a clypeo separata,

superficie inzequali, antice oblique carinata.

Labrum breve, arcuatum, transversum, angulis rotun-

datis.

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1875,.—PART V. C.¢c

340 Dr. Hermit Burmeister’s Description of

Mandibule sat long, faleate, acute, edentate, supra

cum area basali paululum elevata, quibus areis ‘anguli

labri incumbent in statu clauso mandibularum ;_ clause

labrum circumdant figura semicirculari, sinistra super

dextram inferiorem eamque obtegente; utraque supra

plana, subtus convexa, basi carinata.

Mazille abscondite, vix examinate, palpis longis,

quadri-articulatis ; articulo secundo cylindrico, parum

curvato; tertio minuto; ultimo ovali, basi introrsum

versus incrassata, summo apice parum truncato sed

acuminato.

Mentum transversum, parum dilatatum, carina media

transversa bipartitum, parte basali bifoveolata ; lobis late-

ralibus subacutis, parum apice prominentibus, denteque

medio simplici acuto, angulis lateralibus longitudine

equal.

Ligula brevis, obtusa; palpis labialibus quadriarticu-

latis, sat longis; articulo primo cylindrico; secundo

minutissimo; tertio longiori, subcylindrico, ultimo parum

brevior! ; ; hoc ovato, basi incrassato, acuminato, sed summo

apice vix acuto, obtusiusculo.

Prothorax sat longus, latitudine paulo longior, anticum

versus angustior, basi arcuata, angulis posticis oblique

rotundatis, obtusis ; ; superficie dorsali sulco antico pro-

fundo transverso post marginem in medio angulato et

bidentato, altero longitudinali tenuiori, striisque multis

(ultra triginta) tenuibus transversis, totum discum pronoti

occupantibus ; lateribus pronoti levibus, parum rugulosis,

sulco marginali bene distincto ab ipso margine separatis ;

summa basi pulvinata, foveolis duabus oblongis impressa.

Scutellum absconditum.

Elytra oblonga, subcylindrica, lateribus parallelis, in

apice rotundata, pronoto duplo longitudine squalia, pro-

funde striata; striis punctatis, interstitiis parum convexis.

Pectora et abdomen convexa, nitida, impunctata ; pro-

sterno tumido, mucrone obtuso subtriangulari inter coxas

producto, lobis pronoti interioribus tenuiter rugulosis ;

parapleuris sulco circumdatis ; abdomine quadriannulato,

seementis convexiusculis, ante marginem tenuiter trans-

verse sulcatis.

Pedes breves, sat validi; coxis quatuor anterioribus

globosis, prominulis; femoribus anticis incrassatis 3 tibiis

his palmatis, extus obtuse tridentatis, apice in dentem

longum angustum curvatum productis, in latere interno

a new genus of Scaritide. 341

profunde excisis, calcaribus duobus zqualibus, longis,

aduncis, subtusque carina argute munitis. Tarsis anteriori-

bus elongatis, articulo primo reliquis unitis squali, his

sensim decrescentibus, omnibus utrinque setosis. Un-

guibus minutis: Femoribus mediis et posticis haud in-

crassatis, his parum brevioribus, illis subaduncis; tibiarum

angulis externis crenatis, setosis ; mediis parum brevioribus,

dente apicali externo armatis; posticis gracilioribus, longius

setosis ; omnibus intus in apice bicalcaratis, calearibus in-

equalibus. Tarsis quatuor posticis tibia longioribus,

articulis decrescentibus, ultimo precedente parum longiori,

omnibus setosis.

Speciem unicam mihi notam, semel captam propango

nomine

O. insignis.

Piceo-niger, nitidus; antennis, palpis pedibusque obscure

ferrugineis. Long. 5 lin. (9 mm.).

Habitat in littore fluminis Uruguay, circa oppidum La

Concordia. Dom. A. Doering.

Caput elongatum, oblongo-ovale, anticum versus paulo

latius ; clypeo truncato, lateribus elevatis, ovalibus, argute

marginatis, supra antennarum insertionem protractis, man-

dibularum basi adzequantibus. Superficies tota rugulosa,

sed impunctata. Pronoti disco transversim multi-striato,

striis in latere externo abbreviatis; lateribus descendenti-

bus, obsolete rugulosis; antice sulco profundo post mar-

ginem impresso, in medio angulato, angulo bidentato ;

margine laterali parum elevato, stria intermarginali a disco

separato; angulis anticis rotundatis, parum prominulis ;

posticis obliquis; sulculo oblongo utrinque, discum sepa-

rante, juxta conjuncturam impresso, lineaque media longi-

tudinali parum profunda. Elytra obtuse marginata, juxta

marginem sulco longitudinali excavata, striisque duabus

angustis in ipso sulco notata; disco sexies striato, striis

catenato-punctatis, interstitiis parum convexis, externo

juxta suleum perperam elevatiori ; margine inflexo laterali

stria intramarginali altera signato; stris discalibus in

apice binis conjunctis, hoc modo 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 5 & 6,

tuberculo tumido terminali separatis. Corpus subtus

impunctatum, glaberrimum, lateribus pronoti inflexis, latis,

transverse parum rugulosis; gula ante mentum foveola

duplici impressa, dehinc longitudinaliter stria unica

sulcata.

342 Dr. ee Buwrmeister’s Description, §c.

The genus belongs, according to the arrangement of

M. Putzeys, repeated by Lacordaire (Genr. d. Coleopt.,

i., 190), to the section with arcuate and acuminate man-

dibles, and takes its place alongside of the two genera

Lachenus and Cryptomma, uniting in

some respects the peculiar configuration

of both. But from these two genera

Obadius is especially distinguished by

the form of the mentum with its three

equal acute apical teeth, and also from

Cryptomma by the prominent eyes. The

fine transverse striation of the pronotum,

which, as far as I know, is unique in the

whole family of Scaritide, seems to be a

very singular character of this insect.

The accompanying figure shows this

fine striation and also the peculiar con-

figuration of the head; indicating the lateral production

near the clypeus, and the mandibles crossing, one over the

other, when closed. All the other organs are less remark-

able, resembling those of Clivina and other genera of the

family, and therefore I have not thought it necessary to

figure them.

LONDON ;

PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS,

NEWTON STREET, W.C.

AP PION DPX

On Entomological Nomenclature, and the Rule of Priority.

By W. Arnotp Lewis, F.L.S.

[Read 1st February, 1875.]

SINCE last the subject of Nomenclature came before us, a great

deal has been done. The movement in favour of retaining

universally accepted names, which originated at one of our

meetings, has received efficient support in widely different

quarters. One prominent entomologist on the Continent of

Europe ‘has declared himself free from obedience to the rule

of priority ; another in the New World has replied to the pro-

posed changes of names that his motto is “ Resist innovation ;”

while at the present time the entomologists who are his fellow-

countrymen are formally re-considering the laws of Nomencla-

ture at the instance of those who support the reform in question.

The discussion has covered many pages; and the same reasoning

which was put forward here has occupied large numbers who

have shown an interest in the subject. The author of one of

the chief synonymice lists has come forward to render explana-

tions of some points urged against the observance of the strict

priority rule, and based on discrepancies apparent from his own

important work. From the signs which appear, it is high tide

now on this question. ‘The arguments have reached an advanced

stage ; yet I think there is reason to fear that some who have

expressed themselves as adverse to the restoration of forgotten

names, have nevertheless failed to seize an essential point, and

are in danger of missing the object aimed at. For taking up

the thread again, reviewing some part of what has been said

and done, and making clear the questions in dispute,—for point-

ing out (I venture also to hope) some considerations which are

of importance,—the present appears a fitting time. With these

objects at all events, I offer the remarks which are to follow.

Now what are the main points relied on by those who desire

the preservation of names in use? I think they can be taken

up successively in such a manner as to make them clear to

everyone.

The Meaning of the Rule of Priority.

In the first place, we ask those interested in the discussion

to examine with us the circumstances under which the laws of

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) a

il *. W. A. Lewis on

our Nomenclature were made, with a view to the inquiry what

meaning the Rule of Priority was intended to bear.

Linné, who invented Nomenclature, and Fabricius, who first

formulated rules for Entomological Nomenclature, did not in-

vent, and never heard of'a rule of priority. Linné and Fabricius

were very far from being guided by priority ; and, as is well

known to every investigator, both of them changed names as and

when they chose. For some forty years after the death of Linné,

a general principle of priority seems never to have occurred to

anyone ; that is to say, all the writers who described species in

the infancy of our science did so before “priority” was born or

thought of. On the one hand, then, they disregarded no law

when they “re-named” a species ; and on the other hand, they

did not pen their descriptions in any reliance on a rule which,

in their time, had no existence. Thus they were in no respect

wrongdoers ; but neither had their work the sanction of the

law, which otherwise it might plausibly be urged we should be

wrong now to modify to their disadvantage. This fact will

supply some useful considerations when we come to consider

the element of “justice” to the first nomenclator. The authors

who gave specific names under no law of priority, were,

besides Linné and Fabricius, De Geer, Poda, Scopoli, Schoeffer,

Hufnagel, Schrank, Fuessly, Sulzer, Cramer, Stoll, Kuoch,

Esper, Engramelle, Scriba, and Borkhausen ; and all from

whose works the disused names are to-day being disinterred.

Latreille is credited with originating the principle of main-

taining the prior name, and the proposal appears to have been

made shortly previous to 1825. ‘The proposal, when he made

it, came as a perfect novelty, for the reception which it met

with shows plainly that “priority” was a strange thing to all.

Dejean, who at this period commenced his descriptive work on

the whole of the Coleoptera,* takes notice of the new sugges-

tion only to scout it, and (thus early in the bibliography of the

science) declares himself as deciding questions of nomenclature

on the principle of upholding names generally employed. In

1834, Lacordaire wrote an essay} of an elaborate character, in

which he set himself to prove that to endeavour to decide the

priority of names was from the infirmities of the old descrip-

tions impossible and a mere waste of time ; and he summed up

his arguments in one objection, that the plan was completely

and radically “impracticable in the application.” In these

noteworthy observations he was warmly supported by Silber-

mann ;{ and I think there is little doubt about the fact that

Lacordaire had the suffrages of entomologists. Although the

principle had been started some twenty years before, I believe

it is the fact that until the British Association Rules of 1842,

“priority” to intents and purposes remained a theory. Only

* Species Général (1825), vol. i. p. x.

¢ Silb. Revue, vol. iv. 233.

t Silb. Revue, vol. iv, 241.

PD TN

Nomenclature and Priority. ill

in 1840 Boisduval published the second edition of his ‘“ Index

Methodicus,” in which he expressly declined to supersede

names in use by names which had been forgotten.*

What was the state of things here in 1842? Entomological

science, though not still in its infancy, was yet receiving the

attention of a limited number. The movement which has since

made entomology the most popular of all the sciences was,

however, near its birth. Stephens’ “Illustrations” and Curtis’

“ British Entomology” were (so far as they ever were) one quite,

the other nearly, completed ; but neither do those authors com-

municate any information on the state of development which

entomology had attained in other countries, nor does it appear to

have been the case that English naturalists (whether authors or

readers) had any knowledge worth speaking about on the subject.

England, however, was the country which had the deepest

interest in securing an uniform nomenclature. The position

of isolation, which to-day remains as a geographical fact alone,

was in 1842 a real separation from community in study and

language, in entomology as in everything else. The countries

of the Continent rubbed along together, but if English natu-

ralists were to be aw courant with the state of science, or

(vulgarly speaking) were to have a finger in the pie at all, it

was imperative that they and the naturalists of the Continent

should use the same nomenclature. What difficulties met them

at the outset? Here is the well-known description in the

language of Mr. Strickland :—

“Tf an English zoologist visits the museums and converses

with the professors of France, he finds that their scientific

language is almost as foreign to him as their vernacular.

Almost every specimen which he examines is labelled by a title

which is unknown to him, and he feels that nothing short of a

continued residence in that country can make him conversant

with her science. IPfhe proceeds thence to Germany and Russia

he is again ata loss; bewildered everywhere amidst the con-

fusion of nomenclature, he returns in surprise to his own country

and to the museums and books to which he is accustomed.”

These facts being recognized, the English naturalists set

themselves to find the remedy. ‘There was little doubt that in

the majority of cases where the English names differed from

the Continental names the former were wrong. The British

Associationt appointed a committee, and the committee (adopt-

* Index Methodicus, 2nd ed. vi.

I have discovered in the Entom. Mag. vol. i. p. 225 (1833), the phrase

“the now universally received law of priority ;” but the writer’s wish was,

it would seem, father to the thought. Instances to the contrary might be

multiplied ; it is worth while to mention Denny’s Monographia Anoplu-

rorum Britanniz, published im 1842. An inspection of this work seems

to show that the author could never have heard of “ priority” at all.

+ The meeting in 1842 was held at Manchester. The rules are some-

times called the Manchester Rules.

iv .. W. A. Lewis on

ing the principle of priority as the basis) drew up rules which

had for their first result the suppression of hundreds of names

in use in this country, and in this country alone.

The object, then, of the British Association Rules was to

reconcile the nomenclature of England and the Continent.

The need to be supplied was agreement on scientific names i

the cases where the authors in use differed. I take this point

to be clear, partly from the surrounding circumstances at which

we have glanced, and no less so from the interpretation which

the rule of priority for many years on all hands received.

It would appear not to have occurred to those who framed

the priority rule that neither the names in use on the Continent

nor the names in use here should be correct ; and in this con-

fidence they unsuspectingly formulated their Rule L., that “ the

name originally given by the describer of a species should

be permanently retained to the exclusion of all subsequent

synonyms.” For a period of years the rule received the inter-

pretation which (as above indicated) it seems certain that it

was meant to bear. The construction of it to mean that the

earliest discoverable name shall be adopted to the displace-

ment of all names in use, never, I believe, originated in this

country, but has been caught up, as it seems, by some English

entomologists from those on the Continent who had invented

that construction. It is quite unbelievable that for twenty

years the priority rule enacted by the British Association was

misunderstood in the country where it originated, and where

those who took part in framing it were continuing their scientific

labours.

The Position since the Rule of Priority was made.

But let us suppose that by the law of 1842 it was intended

to enact that the earliest discoverable name should supersede

all others. Well, the originators of the law had not the advan-

tages which we have. In the first place, their agreement was

come to in comparative private. ‘There was no endeavour to

take into the account the practical students who might be con-

versant with special aspects of the case; and, as a bald fact,

the matter received no sort of public discussion, of which all

may satisfy themselves by searching the magazines and journals

circulating at the time. Irest no especial weight on this cir-

cumstance ; it is a good thing that naturalists of eminence

were found to agree ona solution of the difficulty which was

sadly wanted, and which did effect a practical settlement of our

nomenclature. But I should omit an important consideration

if I were to miss pointing out the great difference between 1842

and 1875.

In 1842 the domain of entomology appears to have been

parted out on something of the feudal pattern ; and the followers

of Curtis and Stephens respectively were not only well content

Nomenclature and Priority. Vv

to acquiesce in, but eager to further, the ascendancy of one

or the other of these leaders. I have once before quoted

Mr. Stainton’s words on “the extreme seclusion” in which our

entomologists lived. ‘“ Except a few of the leaders,”* he says,

*‘ literally no one knew anything.” It is a fair argument which

should give offence to no one, that a rule imposed when our

science was in this obscured condition may well be open to

review to-day, when a very large class of entomologists is, as I

at least will assert, competent to form a sound and independent

judgment on this matter.

But, with these reservations left aside, it must never be

overlooked that we are viewing this question in the light of

the fresh experience of more than a generation, and a gene-

ration, moreover, which has surpassed in results—and con-

sequently been more prolific of experience than—the whole

preceding period. The legislators of 1842 had made the dis-

covery that the names employed here were different from those

employed elsewhere, and they enacted a rule to cure the evil.

The discovery which we in our turn have recently made is, it

seems to me, as fresh a matter as that which opened the eyes

of those who promoted the rules. We discovered between

three and four years ago that the bare rule of priority (as

construed now) has let in practices which promote and do not

dissipate confusion. I put this as a discovery, and that word

implies that in my judgment the truth of it is established.

The main point, indeed, I rely on not as as a prophecy or a

predilection, but as a fact. But we have at present to consider

a little further the historical aspect of the case.

In 1845, the British Association Rule was adopted by the

American Association of Geologists and Naturalists. They

seem to have merely “ followed suit,” and I think we are well

justified in assuming (what appears to be confirmed by the

present position of the question in America) that the rule of

priority in America meant whatever it meant in Europe—no

more and no less.

Naturalists who confined their attention to the British Fauna

had little temptation to concern themselves with foreign books ;

they would have had to pick out the British species from a

crowd of non-British. The central European Fauna is, how-

ever, in no respect limited by political boundaries, and the

descriptive work which dealt with German insects answered

pretty well for French. To the interchange of communication

and common circulation of some descriptive works it is to be

attributed that the position of nomenclature on the Continent

gave less trouble than did ours; and to this circumstance in

turn it may be owing that no rules for nomenclature were made

on the Continent until many years later. By the year 1858,

however, many on the Continent awakened to the circumstance

* Ent. Weekly Intelligencer, vol. y. p. 113,

vi *.. W. A. Lewis on

that disagreements on nomenclature had arisen. In 1857

M. Guenée issued the last volume of the Species Général des

Lépidoptéres, in which work he undoubtedly brought forward

some names unwelcome to the entomologists of Germany.

Whatever the cause may have been, the German entomologists

in 1858 called a Congress to establish rules for nomenclature.

It duly met at Dresden, and its rules* were shortly afterwards

published.

There is one great difference between the Manchester rules

and the Dresden rules, and it is not a little instructive to

remark it. The framers of our rules no doubt had before them

only the object of reconciling the prevailing disagreements.

The object of those who framed the Dresden rules, however,

was to supply a standard of perfect accuracy, and the laws

which they framed they intended not only to be of permanent

authority, but also to comprehend all the aspects of the ques-

tions. Those who took part in the Congress were fully awake

to the circumstance that names in use everywhere might be

“wrong,” for they had had some recent experience of the fact.

How did they deal with the case? They first agreed in enact-

ing ‘ priority,” in much the same language as our own rule ;

but by another rule, passed at the same time, they provided—

what? ‘ The principle of preserving the oldest of the names

given to the same insect is not absolute ; the choice between

them, following the greater or less degree of convenience,

remains free.” Where entomologists had an eye to the point

that no name in use might be the “ prior” one, it is striking

that the decision arrived at was—not the imperative acceptance

of the prior name—but that the choice between the names

should follow ‘“ the greater or less degree of convenience.”

We are coming to consider wrong and right, and it is not

beside the question to recall that this code of rules is in opera-

tion in Germany at the present moment, while nevertheless it

is from Germany that we are visited with the systematic intru-

sion of the first name on strict “ priority” grounds. The very

writers to whom we must attribute a familiarity with the

Dresden code are the most unsparing in throwing all ‘“ degrees

of convenience” to the winds, and even (it must be said)

treating with derision those who have all the time this statute

in their justification.

Immediately on the publication of the Dresden code, the

Entomological Society of France had the matter before it, and

M. Amyot, who took a leading part in the discussions which

followed, formulated a set of rules.t It is only important to

quote the one which provides that “ wsage may consecrate

injustices in the priority of names.” ‘There is no code drawn

* Berlin. Ent. Zeitsch, vol. ii. app.

+ Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3rd ser. vol. vii. 606.

Nomenclature and Priority. vil

up by a committee (so far as I am aware) in operation in

France, but a translation of the Dresden code was printed and

distributed with their Proceedings by the Entomological Society

of France and the Entomological Society of Lyon.

The next important event after the Dresden code of 1858

was Dr. Staudinger’s Catalogue of 1861, which I (in common

with others) take as the starting-point of the modern objection-

able practices. Before this, forgotten names had been here and

there brought up in their monographs by different entomolo-

gists, and on no system in particular. Nemo repente fit turpis-

simus ; I do not say Staudinger commenced all of a sudden

a practice totally unheard of. But Staudinger’s 1861 Catalogue

was the first example of the resurrectionary literature which has

since become familiar. It is striking to find this work published

at Dresden in only the third year after the promulgation of the

code.

From 1861 to 1871 the tide went in the direction of restoring

the earliest discoverable names. It is sufficient to mention the

names of Gemminger and von Harold, the late Mr. Crotch,

Mr. Scudder, and Mr. Kirby to recall that the practice of

“resurrection” resulted in the production of several volumes.

In 1865 the British Association appointed a committee, which

enacted with some slight alterations the rules of 1842 over

again. These 1865 rules, however, were not the justification

of practices which commenced in 1861, and it is well known

that no reconsideration of the priority rule took place. The

attention of the framers of the rules was given to the settle-

ment of certain minor details.

If, however, the case had been otherwise, and we had to look

upon the rules of 1865 as confirming “ priority” pure and simple,

which from the known opinions of some who took part in

framing them we should be wrong in doing, yet the considera-

tion remains that 1865 was too early to see this subject as it

now is. Gemminger and von Harold were yet to publish their

Munich Catalogue (not to mention other Coleopterological

lists which had not then seen the light). Staudinger and

Wocke’s second Catalogue was yet to gild the fine gold of their

first edition, and this work, with Mr. Kirby’s Catalogue of

Diurnal Lepidoptera, had not then proved how the early descrip-

tions baffle the operation of “ priority.” Especially was it not

then discovered that the early nomenclature itself is less con-

tradictory and discordant than the commentaries and practice of

editors of catalogues and other writers on synonymy. For it

has only recently become apparent that the same reasons which

make one author accept a name as “ prior” make another reject

it, and that this action on opposite or conflicting principles is

producing irretrievable injury to the stability of our nomen-

elature. The question could never before be seen in the light

in which now we see it, and such reasons have of late years

vill Gr: WA Aeron

become operative in one direction, that there is a pressing

necessity, as we urge, for a re-settlement of the priority rule in

the interests of our science at large.

The Principle which regulates Nomenclature is Convenience ;

and Convenience requires that Accord shall be upheld.

Having glanced at the historical side of the question let me

proceed to the next points. We invite those interested to con-

sider with us the principle in dispute, and to join us in inves-

tigating one question of fact.

In recent years entomologists have set themselves to work

to discover the earliest name for every species, for this has been

the practice, as we have seen, of writers from 1861 to 1871. In

the words of one * authority “a generation arose who knew

nothing of, or overlooked the circumstances connected with its

original proposal, and who took the letter of the rule as their

guide. And gradually there has sprung up a class of authors

who have devoted themselves with enthusiasm to exploring

ancient works and forgotten publications of all sorts in the

hunt for the earliest recorded name to every species by which

to replace the name or names in use.” As another f writer

remarks, “‘ A little band of so-called reformers discovered the

law and talked it over and gave it another meaning. They

said, ‘This shows us that we ought to investigate every name

and see if we cannot find another and older name.’ ‘They went

at it tooth and nail, and changed every name that could be

changed for another name.”

What I may term the general argument put forward on the

undesirability of this practice has not, I submit, been met with

a satisfactory answer. I refer to that embodied in the axiom

Communis error facit jus. Although the literature of this

controversy has now grown to a considerable bulk, I conceive

that the argument founded upon convenience and expediency

remains as strong as (if it has not grown stronger than) it was

when first put forward. Rather early in its history, the maxim

had. to encounter the opposition of those who misconstrued

communis; more recently it has had to meet a criticism

founded upon a fancy rendering of jus. It may therefore be

worth while to expound the meaning which I give to this

apparently troublesome aphorism. As to what it does noé

mean, “communis error” signifies “a mistake which is uni-

versal,” and not ‘‘a vulgar error.” Jus simply means “ legal

right,” and that is all about it. The English of the maxim

therefore is that ‘ An error which is universal makes the legal

right.” I apply the maxim to the solemn question of nomen-

* Mr. Edwards; Canadian Ent. vol. v. p. 22.

+ Mr. Newman; Zoologist, 2nd ser. 2877.

Nomenclature and Priority. 1x

clature in this sense ; that there are cases where it may be we

are in error in using a given name as the first name, but in

those instances where we are all in the same error, right is

done. The maxim does great credit to its inventor, who

showed his sympathy with a just and natural human sentiment,

at the same time that he threw into a proverb the modus

vivendi which controls every one of us in daily life. In

matters of positive enactment (not of course of scientific truth),

what all, whether rightly or wrongly, are agreed on, is the

law; and I should have supposed this did not call for much

explanation. There are enthusiasts who from time to time

work their way into courts of justice who cannot, I grant, be

prevailed on to acknowledge this axiom. They, I doubt not,

would press on you the opinion that the unanimous consent

which they encounter is a universal error in favour of their

opponents and against themselves. ‘To such the reply may be

applicable : “To please you we will say we are wrong ; but

we are all equally wrong together. At all events we are

agreed.”

Some pretty phrases (which certainly caused amusement if

nothing else) found their way into print,* about the very

essence of the studies of the naturalist being “the exposure

and obliteration of error,” and that there could, “in an exact

science, be no ‘common error.’” It certainly can never have

occurred to some that there is a profound difference between

facts in natural science, towards which men, after infinite

study, occupy the position of mere learners, and the trumpery

bye-laws of naturalists. When there was a universal agree-

ment that the sun moved round the earth, I agree that it was

necessary to abandon the universal error. The name of the

Clouded Yellow butterfly is a matter on which universal

agreement makes the right. The notion of an eternal right

and wrong about the names of bugs appears to me a mis-

conception ; and the allusion to “exact science” defeats me

still as much as ever.

The law of priority is a means to an end, and the end in this

case is accord or common agreement on a name. If you have

agreement on a name, and that agreement can be made secure

and permanent, you have already that which the law was

designed to provide. The object of the law is the important

thing ; not the law, which is only machinery. Then, if all

names, save one for a species, are obsolete, you are enjoying

agreement on the name. What is wanted you have; better off

you cannot be, and the most that can be done is to disestablish

an accepted name in favour of one which at best has to fight

for its position. One complaint therefore against those who

insist on subverting accord by “ priority” is that they put the

means above the end sought.

* Entom. Monthly Mag. vol. viii. 41.

-x *.. W. A. Lewis on

Accord on a name is not to be desired, as I shall take it, on

principles of eternal truth ; but it is imperatively necessary on

the score of convenience. ‘Those who use the names are men

and not machines; the subject they have to deal with is

enormously vast, and cannot be called easy; life is short.

Cross purposes about names, and the trouble necessary to clear

up or avoid them, are a serious matter for those who have

their hands full already; but that is a small part of it. If

names are continually changed, inter-communication is em-

barrassed, and the work of others becomes available only at a

ruinous sacrifice of time and labour, which may frequently

have the result of making an important work a closed book.

Convenience cannot of course be paramount to the direct ad-

vantage of science, and if that could become an element in the

discussion convenience would take the second place. But, as

the case stands, there will be few who do not hold with me

that convenience is the be-all and end-all of nomenclature.

I said just now that ‘‘if agreement on a name can be made

secure and permanent,” you have already that which the law

of priority was designed to provide. If the agreement be not

permanent it is illusory ; and the only way in which it can be

made permanent is by establishing it on a principle.. Although,

therefore, convenience is, I say, the be-all and end-all of nomen-

clature, it is none the less necessary to havea strict law. I argue

that convenience requires that accord shall be upheld. The law

to be aimed at, then, is a law to protect and render permanent

names which are everywhere in use.

From the very first of the discussion this was the ground

taken up. The independent assertion of wishes and predilec-

tions has formed no part of the battle. Where the object

sought ex concessis is agreement, to stand wilfully on an ori-

ginal tack defeats the object ; and the evils of this very course

(and the hopeless prospect of agreement which it holds out)

have been sufficiently dwelt upon. Those who have favoured

the proposal which I put forward have done so on a principle

which was plainly stated.

Being conscious of all this, I think those who have agreed

with me have some reason to complain that Dr. Sharp has con-

sidered himself entitled to write of them as he has done.

When undertaking a review of the question I should be wrong

in passing by without notice his “ Object and Method of Zoo-

logical Nomenclature,” for several reasons. Dr. Sharp, after

mentioning the evidence of identification which has to be col-

lected, observes* :—‘“ This will undoubtedly be a slow process,

but it will be a sure one; and I may remind the impatient ones,

who proclaim that we must have a way of settling such things

right off, that they are, if they have any just voice in this

matter, men of science as well as collectors, and, as such, they

* Object and Method of Zoological Nomenclature, pp. 31, 32.

Nomenclature and Priority. Xi

will readily appreciate the association of the words ‘ohne hast’

with ‘ohne rast.’ Let them recollect that in these disputed

points we wish to obtain a decision that shall be absolute, and

not one that may be reversed on the first appeal. To enable

us to do this, we must in each case carefully collect the evi-

dence, and consider it under the hehe, of reasonable and

admitted principles.”

Dr. Sharp must decide for himself how far Candéze, Leconte,

_ Westwood, Wallace, Bates, Edwards and others (with whose

names I can supply him from the list of “the impatient ones” )

merit the appellation of “men of science.” That, however, is

his matter. I am content to speak as one of the “collectors,”

and therefore desire explicitly to assert that everyoue, who

comes forward with coherent reasons, has “a just voice in this

matter ;” and the reasons which he may adduce, be they bad

or good, are (it seems to me) not vanquished by terming their

sponsor ‘fan impatient one,” nor even by charging that he

“proclaims we must have a way of settling things right off.”

It is pretty evident from the rest of the passage that Dr. Sharp

has never made himself adequately acquainted with the tenets

of those he was addressing in this peculiar vein. The proposal

to which Dr. Sharp alludes was and is founded on principle

and supported by reasons; and to my surprise I find that Dr.

Sharp’s answer amounts to the statement that he thinks dif-

ferently. That is scarcely, as I submit to entomologists, a

good foundation for comments like the one just quoted, which

have a strong family likeness to an avowal that those of Dr.

Sharp’s opinion are men of science, and those of the contrary

opinion something different. I venture to think that when the

reasoning on which they rely has been demolished, it will be

time for Dr. Sharp to indulge in the inquiry whether those

who meet him in argument are “‘men of science.” While their

reasoning remains unassailed, that seems little relevant to the

matter under discussion.

The Oldest Descriptions are unrecognizable.

Having endeavoured to point out that the movement—being

based on the sober and strictly-defined principle of convenience

upholding accord—does not owe its birth to “impatience” or

frolics of any description, I pass on to the question of fact

which must be satisfactorily settled before we can do good by

these discussions.

Having to bring forward the oldest name that they could

find, entomologists searched the oldest books in which to find

it. Their task was to see what insects the names in those

books represented. From the way these old books are some-

times regarded, one could understand anybody who was inno-

cent of all acquaintance with them, contracting the notion that

they are grand old works, containing stores of valuable facts,

sii Ae ee ee ee

with sterling descriptions of species, original and masterly and

systematic. The old books do not all merit this description.

Perhaps, to avoid misconception, it is better to say at once that

they all merit a different description. Let us start with this,

that the knowledge of species which those writers possessed

was restricted to comparatively a limited number in the case of

each. When the author had but a small number before him

for description, he would use only such of the characters of the

species as served to distinguish each of them from others then

known to him; and the better desecriber he was the more

certain he would be to do it. But what use can now be made

of descriptions so drawn up? ‘This objection speaks for itself, .

and the truth of it must be plain to every one. So simple a

matter did the “ differentiation” of species at first appear, that

the whole description was the insect’s name. All the cha-

racters which separated a species from all others were con-

veyed in its name alone! The specific name (nomen speci-

ficum) in Linné’s earlier works was, as has been clearly pointed

out, “what to-day is called diagnosis.”* This afterwards had

to be discontinued, but a few Latin words (more often than

not falling short of three lines of print), formed the usual

‘‘Linnean description” of a species. As to the extent of this

objection : Linné described but 780 Lepidopterous insects, the

number now known cannot be less than 30,000. Dozens of

allied species all equally fit numbers of the old descriptions ;

and such descriptions are now necessarily of no value. On

this ground alone, an enormously large proportion of the oldest

descriptions are at the present day unrecognizable ; and, since

the discussion began, declarations have come from all sides

establishing what I venture to consider is the agreement of

entomologists on that point.

The discovery, however, is a very old one indeed, and ap-

peared in print more than sixty years ago, from which it

appears that the oldest descriptions became strictly unrecog-

nizable very soon indeed after they were written. Schonherr

even (1810) remarks ft on “the incomprehensible and little

available descriptions of the older writers.” Lacordaire f

(1834) remarked that Linné and Fabricius were at that day

“unintelligible without tradition.” In the time of J. F. Ste-

phens § ‘confusion arose primarily from the difficulty there was

of ascertaining the first name given, from the description being

so vague and indefinite as to preclude the possibility of accu-

rately determining the species intended.” M. Reiche has affirmed ||

that if the rule rejecting tradition were taken au sériewx the

* Hagen, Can. Ent. vol. vi. p. 165.

+ Synon. Insect., pref. iil.

f Silb. Revue, vol. iv. 234.

§ Stephens’ Cat. British Insects, p. iii.

|| Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3rd ser. yol. vii. 609.

Nomenclature and Priority. Xl

Linnean and even the Fabrician species “ would have to dis-

appear from our nomenclature.” Von Harold insists* that the

greater part of Linné’s, Scopoli’s and Fabricius’ descriptions,

with others of the same period, are “ plainly and beyond ques-

tion insufficient for identification,” and “ fail entirely to differ-

entiate the species.” ‘‘ Who,” he demands, “is in such a

position that he can with certainty point out in the works of

Linné, Herbst or Fabricius, anything more than that a given

beetle is a Harpalus, a Haltica, a- Nitidula,” ete.? Dr.

Staudinger agreest that “names given by the old authors

belong to such and such species only by a sort of tradition.”

Mr. Edwards remarks{ :—‘ The old authors had described but

a few hundred species, and their descriptions were of the

briefest. How brief an average example from Linnzus will

show—‘ Papilio Troilus; wings tailed, black ; fore wings with

pale marginal spots, hind wings beneath with fulvous spots ;’

a description applicable perhaps to fifty species of Papilio.”

It would only be overlaying the case to cite more instances

after this “average example.” <A chief objection to restoring

names attached to the oldest descriptions, then, is that as a

body those descriptions are unrecognizable, and, in consequence,

the names brought forward on the faith of them as a rule are

of doubtful accuracy.

No person can demonstrate whether a given identification is

wrong or right. Guesses decide the matter; and nothing can

compel the list editors to make the same guess. Thereupon

they make different guesses; you have a confusion that does

not admit of being reconciled either by proof or persuasion.

The infirmity we have just been considering attaches to the

best of the old descriptions, and for that matter will be found

to attach in all probability to many of the descriptions published

at the present day. Von Harold has this further passage§ on

_ the point: —‘‘ A description absolutely sufficient, availing for

all time, I hold generally, in the greatest number of cases, to

be an impossibility ; for one can never know beforehand what

character or what individual distinction we shall perchance in

the future depend on for distinguishing from some closely-

related species one which first makes its appearance later,

which we do not know in nature, but only from authors’

description. Anyone who has occupied himself with drawing

up analytical tables knows right well that separation of species

often depends on this or that character, which in the best

descriptions frequently remains unnoticed, so that such a

species cannot be classified at all.”

* Coleopterologische Hefte, vi. pp. 45, 46.

{ Cat. 1871, pref. xvi.

ft Canadian Ent. vol. v. p. 23.

§ Coleopterologische Hefte, vi. p. 50.

See some similar observations by Professor Westwood in Mag. N. H.

vol, ix. p. 561.

xiv +. W. A. Lewis on

The works of the old authors present other characteristics,

which are important to be considered. Many of the old authors

were very ignorant persons indeed, and the problem of species

and variety was not less confounding to them than to others.

Many described varieties of all shades as separate species ; on

the other hand they not unfrequently described two nearly

allied species as one insect, and it is a common thing to find

the list-writers who scrutinize these descriptions coming to

different determinations on this account. ‘There are some

proved instances of those authors describing species from da-

maged examples, and endowing the species with characters due

to old age or rough treatment of the specimen. Then (as I fear)

the old writers were not all what we term “ conscientious ;”

and many copied copiously from others. The comparative

isolation in which each author flourished perhaps made detec-

tion unlikely ; and one of these borrowers would appear not to

have held before his mind the notion that a rule of priority in

the future would pry out his failings on the score of doing

justice to him as a nomenclator. To quote Mr. Edwards once

more :—‘ Besides the brevity of the old descriptions, many are

defective from other causes. Often the two sexes received dif-

ferent names ; often varieties were described as species ; often

damaged and broken specimens were described as perfect, the

defects being cured by imagination ; often figures were made

by unskilled artists who omitted the specific characteristics ; or

the figures were coloured so poorly as to be incapable of identi-

fication; or were copies from copies, or copies from memory ;

and often descriptions were made from unreliable figures in-

stead of from the insect.”

Mr. Edwards takes as an example of insufficient description

the Papilio Troilus, Linné. I recommend the Satyride and

Lycenide to any one who.desires to satisfy himself what some

of the old descriptions are good for. These are large groups,

each with a strong superficial likeness among the species ;

both families contain a number of common European insects

which lend themselves to observation ; the ocellated spots on

the wings furnish characters sufficient to produce a glorious

Jfarrago of confusion, which the old authors were not the men

to miss. But whether the illustration be sought among the

Papilionide, Satyride or Lycenidea, or elsewhere, the thick-

est confusion is of course supplied in those groups which

contain a number of closely-related species; and the genus

Limenitis and its allies supply some instances which I shall

advert to in another connection.

A solitary species like Nemeobius Lucina, for instance,

which was not fairly open to be confused with others, has

never as a fact had bestowed upon it any name but its own.

In cases like this, synonymic list-writers have no service that

they can do us.

Nomenclature and Priority. XV

The fatality is that the cases where a change is made are,

from the necessity of the thing, cases of a species which has

many allies, and there one change most frequently necessitates

several. It begins by some writer (whom the rest have followed)

mis-identifying an original description and ascribing the name

accompanying it to the wrong insect. This, of course, occurs

most frequently where there is a real similarity which misleads.

But the writer (whom the rest have followed) has most often

not made one mistake of the kind alone. If he has taken

species A. to be indicated by the description meant for B., he

has of course ascribed some different name to B., which is thus

also wrongly named; and the correction of the first error

involves the correction of the second error as well. Very

lucky are we, if it ends there. More frequently there is a

much longer chain of “ rectifications,” each furnishing ground

for fresh differences of opinion and consequently fresh confusion.

Small wonder that, under these conditions, Mr. Newman

remarks that “the object of names is frustrated;” or that

another writer makes the comment that “‘ undertaken to make

an end of confusion the synonymic lists have done nothing but

augment it ;”* or that a third (Mr. Edwards), after considering

the facts as they are, should sum up the prospect in these

words :—

“The result of all these efforts at stability, for that is the

avowed object of the advocates of rigid priority of date, is

extreme confusion, instead of the agreement hoped for when

the code of the British Association was adopted, and students

of one branch of entomology at least are at a loss to know

where the nomenclature stands to-day, and are very certain

that under the present order of things there will not be a name

familiar to them that twenty or fifty years hence will not be

supplanted under the claims of priority.”

A fourtht has observed: “The rule of absolute priority,

adopted as paramount law by a few investigators, has already

brought about such a state of things, and alone is capable of

continuing it . . . . Whatever the strict law of priority theo-

retically should accomplish, we have seen but the beginning

of the permanent confusion in which its practice results, and

which its continuance as the fundamental law will hand down

to the remotest generation.”

On questions of this kind it is well to give chapter and verse,

and there is no authority, I presume, better than a very

prominent descriptive writer who has paid much attention to

synonomy.

Let me reproduce a few sentences selected from similar ones

* Dr. Albert Breyer ; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xiy. ; pp. exxxi, exxxii.

+ Mr. Mead ; Canadian Ent., vol. y, 108, 109,

xvi *.. W. A. Lewis on

in M. Guenée’s Noctuclites.* Of Seopoli, writes M. Guenée:—

—‘‘His method has very little of the natural about it; his

descriptions are for the greater part unintelligible, and his

names completely arbitrary or wrongly applied. This writer

then we must take small account of; for the rest he is little

consulted, and no one has followed him.” Of Schoeffer, he

says:—“ His figures are as badly coloured as they are coarsely

engraved, and in order to be recognizable had great need of

the explanatory text of Panzer. Even with this addition his

iconography is scarcely of any use save to clear up some pas-

sages of the ancient authors.” Of Fabricius himself, M. Gue-

née writes:—‘ The greater part of the species do not possess

the characters of their section, and the 880 Noctue which he

has described are in reality thrown together without any order,

and without any correlation between them. This makes the

works of Fabricius an entirely unarranged repository, and

much less useful than people have been accustomed to think it.

You are obliged, in fact, to neglect a crowd of species which

he created and named in visiting the different cabinets of

Europe, because, after all the attention possible, you result

almost always in uncertainty, or in finding over again a Noctua

already given under other names.” Of Goeze, M. Guenée

remarks: —“ His work is not original in any respect. The

considerable time which this voluminous compilation required

by no means finds any justification in the utility of the book,

and it is much better worth while to have recourse to the same

sources as the author than to follow him in his errors and

repetitions.”

Of Esper, M. Guenée says :—“ This collection, extensive as

it is, is at this day much neglected, and the work sells at an in-

significant price, which must be attributed in the first place to

the imperfect character of the figures, which are, in fact, the

roughest for the age, and of which a certain quantity are un-

recognizable . . . . As for the text, it is scarcely anything but

one long compilation, to which is added a synonymy swelled by

the diagnostical phrases, and sometimes by the old description of

the authors whom he cites, but often applies wrongly... .

Esper opened a disastrous road for science. I refer to the

numerous varieties which he has figured as separate species,

and to which he has given names which come forward to com-

plicate our works without any use.”

Of De Villers, M. Guenée says that “his additions to the

“Systema Nature ” might have been used if he had taken any

care to assure himself at the outset, that the species he had

before his eyes were really those of Linné; but he has some-

times committed in this respect the wildest mistakes, so that

* See the chapter entitled “Classification et Bibliographie des

Noctuélites” in vol. i. pp. xix—xe.

Nomenclature and Priority. XVil

we do not know at this day to what species his observations

apply.”

Of Borkhausen, M. Guenée writes:—‘“ As to the specific

portion it is very unequal. The descriptions of moderate

length are faithful enough for the species which the author has

seen in nature, but it is to be wished that all were in this

position. Inspired by the desire to give a complete work

Borkhausen took all the Noctue which appeared to be wanting

in his collection from authors who had preceded him, and

described them on trust. You can tell what a wonderful muddle

was bound to result from this exploit ; it is not rare in fact to

find the same Noctua under two, three, and even four different

names. Happily, it is pretty easy to distinguish these borrowed

descriptions, though the author had not the frankness to acknow-

ledge them ; but this research renders very troublesome the

study of his work, which owes to this circumstance as well as

the imperfection of its plan the neglect into which it has

fallen.”

Of Iiliger, M. Guenée remarks, that in discussing the

synonymy of different authors, “Illiger has not always been

any more accurate, and it would be difficult to say whether he

has cleared up or mystified the most.”

It would be tedious to prolong such quotations. The mere

titles of some of the works disclose the circumstance that fugi-

tive productions of several countries are bearing a part in over-

turning our nomenclature, being vouched for some obsolete

names bestowed without any system and under circumstances

which surely do not merit that points should be strained in their

favour. M. Breyer has remarked that “the greatest number

of these untimely changes came about from investigating or

rather from bringing again into memory works without serious

scientific merit.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan, to whom I probably do no wrong in styling

him the most uncompromising of my opponents, agrees that the

writers who bring up the old names “in their reverence for old

names raise ghosts, not entities; in other words, they seek to

overthrow names thoroughly substantiated to give place to

others, nine-tenths of which have the merest shadow of a right

to the superior position their admirers would allot to them—

names that should sink into oblivion or rest quietly in the list

of species indeterminate.”*

* Entom. Monthly Mag. vol. viii. p. 40. See also Mon. Brit. Caddis-

flies ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 8rd ser. vol. v. p. 2, note. [In “ Trichoptera

of the European Fauna,” p. 100 (May, 1875), Mr. M‘Lachlan remarks cf

several not identified species of Phryganea, described by authors from the

time of Linné up to 1830”:—“ It is just possible that some of these may

hereafter be made clear, but for the majority I consider it hopeless and

useless to indulge in speculations as to what may have been intended.” ]

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) b

XVill Mis. W. A. Lewis on

The works which have been mentioned and others such as

those, it is said, must be ransacked and scrutinized with the

object of disinterring the names found there, to replace the

names in use! Now that we are fresh from examining a few

of these books can we treat with gravity such a proposition

as this? What could prompt the framers of any rules to set

our entomologists to such House of Detention work? Have

our most laborious writers nothing better to occupy themselves

with than the puzzling out of these conundrums? What

shadow of obligation is there that author after author should

sharpen his wits to form a theory about the meaning of this or

that third or fifth rate author’s bad descriptions ?

Things to me somewhat incomprehensible have been written

on this point. It is said that “the existence of synonymy is

too often owing to what are actual crimes against science,” and

that “when an entomologist describes an insect as new, with-

out using every endeavour that is humanly possible to discover

whether it be not already described, he commits one of the

greatest crimes against science.” I have elsewhere* described

this language as of the high-falutin order, and must confess to

experiencing some impatience at having soberly to reply to

such declarations. Why should anybody be required to wade

through “a chaos of blunders” before he is permitted to give

to the world his own elucidations (or opinions for that matter)

on a subject he may have investigated? Considering that

this kind of travaux forcés has been in fact shunned by a

crowd of prominent writers, I confess to further impatience

when, at this time of day, ‘‘ crimes” are constructed out of the

practice which has been prevalent during all but the most

recent period of modern entomological literature. The cha-

racter of the old works has been examined; and before we

censure those to whom we are beholden for the more modern

(from which, in fact, we derive the degree of enlightenment

we possess), for myself, at least, I should like to hear some

good reason adduced. If every writer were forced to guess

for himself the riddles provided for his entertainment by the

first nomenclators, many would stop there and never get any

further.

The Demand for “ Justice” to the first Nomenclator

cannot prevail,

Let me now pass on to take notice of an objection, viz., that

if we deviate from absolute priority per se, we are wanting in

“justice to the first nomenclator.” At a very early stage of

the controversy (in the course of some remarks published in

the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine)t I said that, being an

ad populum argument, I feared this might prove an influential

* Discussion of the Law of Priority in Entomological Nomenclature,

p. 5, &c.

t+ Entom, Monthly Mag. vol, viii. pp. 1—5.

Nomenclature and Priority. xix

one with many. The history of it shows how one may be

mistaken in estimating the strong points of an adversary’s

case ; for the argument, which made me anxious, is one which

nearly all those who have come forward on the matter have

agreed in condemning, and which, in two noteworthy instances,

writers on the opposite side have repudiated. Amidst what I

may term the chorus of agreement on this matter a discordant

voice arises. Dr. Gray announces that the protest which has

received the signatures of a majority of this Society ‘“‘is

decidedly against all proper treatment of our predecessors,”

and Mr. E. C. Rye apparently considers that, by quoting this

statement, he can administer such a knock-down blow to all of

us that he copies it out after his manner in the Entomologist’s

Annual for 1873.

Dr. Gray on this reason brings himself to the conclusion that

the protest which we signed “ can only have been put forward

by mere butterfly collectors who have had no proper scientific

training.” It would not be worth while to take seriously what

I believe to be a purely characteristic flourish ; the more so as

the list of names appended to the protest (which speaks for

itself) was published in the same volume.* But I think we

shall see before getting much farther how much this “justice

to predecessors” is worth as an argument.

It seems necessary to observe that this is a matter on which

one entomologist with a head on his shoulders is, when he

knows the facts, as good a judge as another. The contrary

notion, 7. e., that a strongly-worded phrase or two from an

experienced entomologist can countervail good reasons adduced

by an inexperienced amateur, may have arisen naturally enough

out of the associations of years, but I submit will not bear

examination. This is not a question of zoological science. If

it were, some might perhaps hesitate before putting forward

an opinion opposed, for instance, to Dr. Gray’s. It is only

because the influence of personal authority on such a point as

this is of the lightest, that I do not vouch on the other side

the names of entomologists who say the opposite. ‘The number

of those names is large, and their authority (on matters where

authority has weight) is of the highest ; but I shall not, on my

part at least, turn aside to bring forward opinions merely as

such. It may be that this question is eminently one which

those who are not themselves nomenclators should take part in

deciding; for circumstances, I think, show that those who have

described species themselves may see these questions from a

point of view which is not always that of entomologists at large.

Authors alone, indeed, are little likely to arrive at a settlement;

and most of them have works which make their writers tender

on controversial points. However that may be, two or three

SS SS sss

* See Ent. Annual, 1873, ad jinem.

XX Ti. W. A. Lewis on

sharp sentences from any quarter cannot influence the conctu-

sion at which those who weigh the reasons may arrive.

The plea for “justice to predecessors” seems to be founded

on the doctrine that the author who has first named an insect

has a personal and individual right to have the name given by

him retained. We are concerned with old authors; and I

think we must be already satisfied that in upholding, regardless

of consequences, a divine right in the first name-giver, we

should be paying a reverence which would be somewhat laugh-

able. It is entertaining for a little while to trace out the odd

variety of accidents which combine sometimes to establish the

names of the old authors. One author names a species (in one

of the large genera) giving it an original name ; that name

had been hit on by some one else for a different species in the

same genus (= group), which was not rare in times when gods

and goddesses gave all the names to butterflies. The first

nomenclator thus goes to the wall because his name is “nom.

preoce.” <A later author comes and mis-identifies his deserip-

tion with a different species altogether, which he accordingly

publishes to the world; by this time the genus has been

divided, and consequently the name destined for species Ae

and which was in error taken for species B., stands for species

B., and not for the one to which it was originally given; the

blunderer obtains immortality, and his friends importune us for

“justice.” This is by no means a rare kind of mistake, and

there are many others quite as humorous. It constantly hap-

pens that a man’s uprightness works his fall, but his back-

slidings put him on his legs again. But though sufficiently

amusing, the subject is really very much beneath discussion,

Although the old writers were most often little acquainted

with what others had done, the works of Linné and Fabricius

would appear to have fallen in the way of most of them. It

is instructive to observe how the early writers themselves got

on with the descriptions even of Linné; and I think we here

reach a point in the discussion where we get a strong inde-

pendent light on the facts, and our argument receives a good

deal of assistance.

When Linné completed his labours he had (as we have said)

described but 780 species of Lepidoptera, and of those a large

portion were day-flying insects inhabiting Europe. ‘Those who

immediately succeeded Linné also described numbers of day-

flying species inhabiting Europe. Now, investigation shows

that these writers then ascribed the Linnean descriptions to

widely-different species. Linné by no means described all the

European day-flying Lepidoptera; but, perhaps, from a belief

that he had done so, many of the writers who immediately

sueceeded him seem to have managed if possible to find some-

where in Linné’s works the species they had under description.

Thus when they had a butterfly with black wings and white

markings on them they went, say, to the “Systema Nature” and

Nomenclature and Priority. Xxl

promptly identified their insect. The Linnean description

being made without a knowledge of allied species was vague

enough to be applicable to the insect which the author referred

it to. If one only of the authors did this, little confusion came

out of it. But it frequently happened that several authors

went independently, and respectively arrived at different

identifications. At this point we are not dealing with in-

ferences or opinions however distinguished or well supported,

but with facts. Let any unprejudiced investigator examine

the history of the following names (in the present genus Colias)

Edusa, Electra, Hyale, Helice, Chrysotheme, Myrmidone,

Paleno, Europome; (in the genus Polyommatus) Alexis,

Agestis, Icarus, Argus, Alsus, Thetis, Corydon, Meleager,

Acis, Argiolus, and any of. the old species; (in the genus

Satyrus and its allies) Mera, Pamphilus, Tithonus, Tiphon,

Iphis, Alcyone, Actea, Hero, Amyntas ; and do not let him

leave off before he discovers cases where it seems old authors

confounded a Polyommatus with a Satyrus (!!), so pleasantly

comprehensive was the description of the “ first nomenclator.”

The selection is pretty impartial, and will be found to illustrate

several different authors.

It is the case that through all the very early literature of ento-

mology many diagnoses of Linné and other describers of that date

were found open to different interpretations. They were found

thus vague by Linné’s and the other writers’ immediate public.

What would be the attention paid to-day to descriptions which

left it open to those who used them to apply the same one

description to several different species? We should not wait

long for the comment that the author’s descriptions were “ un-

recognizable.” These are, in truth, in the greater number of

instances, descriptions no more of one species than of another

(or many other) species; and this is not the discovery of some

pert critic in our go-ahead era, but was a fact, experienced by

those who were in part or altogether the writers’ contempo-

raries, and a fact, moreover, productive within the span of a

very few years, of the very confusion and disagreement which

has continued ever sinee.

Perhaps, however, the truth is, the earliest descriptions were

excellent, and those who came to opposite interpretations of

them showed their incompetence? Well, if that line is the one

to be taken, it illustrates the argument even better. If the

entomologists who immediately succeeded Linné (who wrote,

in fact, all the “old” books) were unable to read aright Linné’s

descriptions— when they were plain—is it the authority of

these writers, and to preserve their work, that we are asked

to do “justice” to the first nomenclator? And, in truth, I

think that there is plenty of evidence that the fault lay on this

side as much as on the other. On the one hand, the Linnean

descriptions did often suit widely different species; on the other

hand, his successors were very often wrong through their own

XXll &.. W. A. Lewis on

mistakes. Linné’s descriptions are vague; but they certainly

did not always admit of being interpreted as his successors did

interpret them. In those cases it was open to a later investi-

gator to correct the wrong interpretation, and that has long ago

been done; but in other cases where the successors of Linné

came to different identifications, no one can say who was right.

No one could say at the time, and what could not be decided at

the time has generally not become any clearer since,

Weare now onthe consideration of “justice” to the nomenclator.

I understand that phrase to mean giving to the nomenclator as

much as he deserves, not to mean falling down and worshipping

the oldest describers. ‘The Ashantees, when they abase them-

selves before a fetish, (and subject themselves to a vast deal of

inconvenience in the service,) no doubt consider they are doing

“justice” to the fetish. That, however, only takes place while

the fetish is credited with the possession of authority and other

dignified attributes. When the course of events has convinced

the devotee that his fetish is only remnants and rubbish, the

Ashantee is reported to lose all respect for his fetish, and, in-

deed, to ignore him altogether. But the Ashantee is a barbarian

of Africa,—and acts on principles essentially different from

those of some entomologists in Europe.

Sweeping assertions are now-a-days always cavilled at; and,

as my object is not to say things which excite cavil, the sweep-

ing statement of fact which it is necessary to make shall be

made in the language of an opponent. Baron von Harold thus

characterizes the early literature of entomology : *—‘ The

longer and more thoroughly that I oceupy myself with the sub-

ject the more the conviction forces itself upon me that a good

part of our nomenclature, in so far as it has reference to the

literature of the end of the last and beginning of the present

century, is nothing more than a protracted and fixed chaos of

arbitrariness, inconsequences and blunders to the sifting and

correct dealing which hardly had a beginning has been made.”

It would be silly to enlarge on this, because it stands to

reason. If the fact were not that the nomenclature of the end

of the last century and the beginning of this century is a mass

of blunders, an infinity of corrections, so-called, could not now

be brought up. (I say “corrections so-called,” for I dispute

that it is possible satisfactorily to elucidate at the present time

the points which have led astray for this long period author

after author; and which have done so because the questions

are in truth obscure.) Well, but it is the literature which we

are asked to do “justice” to that is “a chaos of arbitrariness,

inconsequences and blunders,” for the misunderstander and

the misunderstood make up together the band of “ first nomen-

997

clators’! Justice does not go by guess-work; but who is now

* Coleopterologische Hefte, vi. p. 37.

Nomenclature and Priority. Xxll

able to decide the right and wrong of these questions, and

point out where the fault lay? Conjecture and speculation are

the only resort ; and conjecture and speculation (though we

often have to act on them in other ways) have naught to do

eee claims for “justice,” and justice has naught to do with

them.

Justice implies the giving to each his due; and when each

gets what he ought to have, we say that justice is done. I

believe that systems of jurisprudence provide for the ascertain-

ment of rights and also the due chastisement of offences ; and

it is a question whether the justice demanded should not be

meted out under the latter branch. I never heard before the

cry of “justice to our blunderers,” and to me such a demand

suggests retributive justice alone. ‘There is such a thing as

the lex talionis, but a fair compromise which leaves the old

works undisturbed on the top shelves, will supply the best

basis of settlement, least vexatious to the living, and likely to

bring least into question the merits and demerits of the long

departed.

Are we in doing “justice” to one person (be he the first

nomenclator or the last), to be regardless of the injustice which

we may do to other people ? And are there not other people

entitled to consideration? Which is the more important

figure in science, the man who publishes stray descriptions,

or he who masters the natural history of a group? Weare on

questions of sentiment, although the sentiment is of a good

kind—the sentiment of respect to predecessors. Well, whose

claims for “justice” present the stronger appeal? While the

describer is as likely as not to be a man of small attainments,

we have in the case of a monograph a guarantee that we are

dealing with the work of one who, to some extent, must be a

naturalist, and who comes to us with his title to respect made

out. Ifit be the case (which I should regret to Believe) that

those who write books look for perpetuation of their memory

in the names they bestow, then it seems to me that our

sympathies should be enlisted on behalf of those who have

Aone most for us. It comes to this: if we do not retain the

names bestowed by the first describer it is because we do per-

petuate the names bestowed by a monographer ; while if we do

not retain the names bestowed by a monographer, then (on the

principle which is asserted) a quantity of the good work goes

unrewarded. Wherever this is carried to the point of supersed-

ing names bestowed in a monograph for a name that is doubtful,

most will agree with me that there is no “justice” at all in the

case, but a flagrant injustice is committed. But, as I have

already insisted, the cases where any names of the date we are

considering can be brought forward which are not doubtful are

either none at all or so exceedingly few that they do not

materially affect the question. In nearly every case where a

modern name is now superseded for an old one the case is one

XXiv *. W. A. Lewis on

of doubt. ‘The list-writers now seize on points of identification

which a few years back all persons agreed were insufficient.

Another consideration remains with reference to the “justice”

of the case. Some have dealt with this question as though

authors were the only people concerned. I may be right or

wrong, but I have grown up in the belief that authors do not

write books for their own satisfaction or enlightenment, but to

enlighten or satisfy other people. Ihave not yet learned that

authors write to enlighten or satisfy other authors alone ; for I

believe they do not put out of view the large number of readers

who are content themselves to publish nothing. Now, if the

nomenclator has rights in the matter, so have other entomologists.

To subject the whole entomological world to inconvenience and

disgust without necessity is itself an “injustice” of a bad kind.

I ask what we have done to deserve that our beautiful science

should be made a battle-ground for the upholders of different

fancy systems of synonymy? “Priority” has been aptly termed

“a hobby.” The bulb mania and the old china mania, and

others, have their day; and there are fanciers in various depart-

ments which attract the notice of those who are blessed with

leisure and have the special taste developed. But we have an

interest in suppressing the fashion of synonymy-fancying; and

I entertain the hope (which is brighter than it was) that this

description of industry will soon not be worth following.

In parting from the subject of “justice to the nomenclator,”

I cannot pass by the trenchant writing of Dr. Leconte*:—

“Tt would seem from some expressions of opinion I have

seen, but which I forbear to refer to more definitely, that there

are those that believe that one main object of descriptive

natural history is to give the authors a sort of proprietary

interest in the species to which they affix names . . . Such

ideas are really aspersions on the notions of the great professors

of unremunerative labour, upon whom science chiefly depends

for her advancement. The good and true labourers are many ;

the small and mean minds, who feel honoured at being quoted

in synonymy, are few.”

Again:—

“It is only in descriptive natural history, the lowest and

most routine work that a man of science has to perform, that

any association of names with results is possible. In all other

and higher departments of knowledge, such as Newton with

gravitation, &c., or, to exemplify from our own departments,

Linneus, Jussieu, Cuvier and Geoffroy, all these men are

historically eminent for their labours far more than for attaching

their names to the objects of their study. With such examples

of high and honest effort, to be imitated by us in proportion to

our respective abilities, it is surely an ignoble ambition, and

certainly an uncommon one, that would aim at distinction by

* Canadian Ent. vol. vi. p. 203.

Nomenclature and Priority. XXV

having the name printed in association with a weed, or a bug,

or a bone.” *

Strict Priority cannot settle our Nomenclature.

It is contended that the strict application of “ priority” will

give us certainty in nomenclature. We shall see, I think, how

this is.

Dr. Sharp, who (in the pamphlet already mentioned) con-

cludes that “to abandon the rule of priority is to abandon the

only foundation possible,’ has the following observations on

‘*the very important point” whether a description applies to a

species :—

“This is a very much more difficult problem than the ascer-

taining of a date, and it can only be properly dealt with by a

complete consideration of the evidence in each particular case,

and this evidence is of three kinds. Ist. The description itself

and the complementary evidence accompanying it (such as

locality of occurrence, statement of habit or peculiarity of

modes of life, &e.); 2nd. Tradition; and 8rd. The existence of

the individuals from which the description was drawn up, or of

other individuals alleged to be authentically named. The

evidence under the first of the heads is the most important, and

if it be of itself satisfactory no other evidence is necessary ; if

the description accord satisfactorily with the characters of a

particular species, and if it be ample and well-drawn up, and

especially if it be accompanied with a well-executed figure, the

question is decisively settled. But if the description be so

deficient in any or all of these points as to leave doubt in the

opinion of a skilled or expert inquirer into these matters, the

evidence should be sought under the other heads. And if it be

found that scientific treatises dealing with the matter have

declared or cited the questioned description as belonging to

some ascertained species, and if the number and importance of

the treatises in which this is declared be considerable, then also

this evidence is important. As for the evidence of types, it is

clear that this must not be exclusively or even strongly relied

on.” fF

And this is all! Those who expected, as I did, to derive

assistance from Dr. Sharp’s treatise must have felt no little

* T remarked (ante, p. xix), that in two noteworthy instances the claim

of a “right” in the first nomenclature had been repudiated by those who

yet favour absolute “ priority.”’” The writers referred to are Mr. Scudder

and Dr. Sharp. The former writes (Am. Jo. Arts & Sc. 1872): “In

systematic nomenclature the object is to register titles, not to gratify

pride, and the names of authors are appended for convenience, not fame ;

the question of justice or injustice has no place here.”

Dr, Sharp (in Nature, v., 341) lays down that the author’s name placed

after a species “should always be that of the first describer of the species ;

not because he has any right in the matter, but as an additional means

of certainty, and as a security against change.”

+ Object and Method of Zoological Nomenclature, pp. 30, 31.

XXV1 .. W. A. Lewis on

disappointment, for he most serenely gives the go-by to all our

difficulties. To all who know the subject (whether expert

inquirers or otherwise) the remarks above quoted are harmless

platitudes; and when they are read and agreed to, it seems to

me that the case is left exactly as it was before. The descrip-

tions of the old authors do not “accord satisfactorily with the

characters of a particular species” and are not “ample,” —there-

fore they do not furnish material for Dr. Sharp’s decisive

settlement. Then the evidence is to be sought in tradition or

types. Well, in the cases which make our difficulty, scientific

treatises, which have declared the questioned description to

belong to an ascertained species,” are either none at all or are

not considerable in number and importance. As to types,

Dr. Sharp agrees that “ very little authority can be attached to

them.” Then, where does all this leave us? The evidence of

which Dr. Sharp speaks is not forthcoming; and it is exactly

because it is not possible to obtain such evidence that it is now

discovered our nomenclature cannot be settled by recourse to

the old descriptions. The above passage states simply enough

the “ priority” modus operandi. What has been lost sight of

is the all-important fact that the method is inapplicable to the

only cases on which our discussion turns. ‘ Priority” is

baffled by the old writers, and on that ground its virtues are a

matter of pure indifference. What is the good of puffing an

invention that cannot be got to work?

Discretion cannot settle Nomenclature, which requires a

Rule.

M. Candéze, the president of the Entomological Society of

Belgium (who is engaged on a monograph of the Elateride),

has placed on record his views on the question, which closely

resemble those contended for in the present paper. He re-

marks* :—

“To-day when entomologists are divided into two camps on

the question, whether we are bound to return to the names

which have been long forgotten, to substitute them for those

which have usurped their place and which tradition has con-

secrated, or whether we ought not rather to admit for scientific

names a sort of prescription legitimising these usurpations—in

presence of this discussion in which both sides support their

opinions by excellent arguments, I thought it necessary to take

a part.

oN An enemy of every exclusive and absolute rule, I have not

rigorously followed either of the two systems, allowing myself

to be guided by one or the other, according as it appeared

to me the more rational in such and such a case. Thus, while

for Adelocera atomaria, the name before admitted by me,

* Mon. Elater. quoted Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1874; Comptes rendus, pp.

10, 11 (December, 1874).

Nomenclature and Priority. XXV1L

I adopt the correction which attaches to it the name carbonaria,

which is older by some years, I reject that of punctata, which

it is proposed to substitute for it as the most legitimate.

“T by no means ignore the criticisms to which I expose

myself by acting in this manner, but I think that moderate

minds will support me, and tbat sooner or later a sort of com-

promise will rally the greater number. .... I have always

declared that if sometimes I range myself on the side of the

reformers,’ sometimes I abide with the ‘ conservators,’ it has

not been without reasons which I consider good.”

In this passage we see the doctrine of “ Communis error

facit jus” carried into practice, and have a clear illustration

of the way in which it is proposed to work the priority rule.

Atomaria is the name in use in France, but carbonaria, the

name in use in Germany, is older; therefore of course car-

bonaria supersedes atomaria. But punctata is older still.

Punctata is nowhere in use, therefore punctata must be re-

jected ; and we retain for the insect the name carbonaria, the

oldest which is in use.

Thus M. Candéze treats this case as those who share my

opinion would treat it. Acting on our principle he naturally

arrives. at our conclusion. My object, however, now is to

carry this a step onward, and to show that the considerations

which have conducted M. Candéze so far must take him

farther.

We have seen that M. Candéze declines to bring forward

a name for many years totally forgotten. He however says

that we shall find him siding sometimes with the reformers and

sometimes with those who are in favour of preserving the

names, and on whichever side it is that he is found it will be

“for reasons that he considers good.” I hope not to be mis-

understood in saying that I think this conclusion of M. Candéze

cannot be justified. Nothing short of that declaration will

serve, and it would be highly dangerous to be otherwise than

explicit on the point.

What is it we are struggling to do? At the present time

our nomenclature is shifting and uncertain, because successive

authors change one after another the names that are in use.

We are struggling to render our nomenclature certain ; that is,

to establish the names in such a manner that it shall no longer

be in the competence of successive authors to change them.

As the case at present stands the labour which A. has expended

on a given identification is rendered worthless by the later

labour of B. and C. Both of these again find their conclusion

rejected because D. arrives at one that is different. Now these

authors have determined the question by “reasons which they

consider good.”. It is because what A. “considers” good, B.

“considers” not good, that B. discards the conclusion that A.

arrived at. It is because though he may consider that B.’s

-XXVill Ai. W. A. Lewis on

reason and C,’s reason * good,” he yet “ considers” another

reason better, that D. in his turn declines to follow the con-

clusion of B. and C. Where perception is the only guide and

standard, A., B. and C. may fairly differ, considering that the

subject-matter is so obscure as we have seen that it is.

But it does not do to forget that we are concerned with not

only the independent judgment but also with the preferences of

individuals. ‘There is scope in nomenclature for the operation

of a writer’s preferences ; and sometimes all do not agree on

the value of this or that author. There are list-editors* so pos-

sessed with the paramount importance of the Fabrician nomen-

clature that they are committed to supporting the Fabrician

names, recognizable or unrecognizable, under all circumstances.

There is another author who (as we have seen) has placed on

record his conviction that it is necessary to neglect altogether

the great majority of the Fabrician names in the group which

he specially affects, because they are unrecognizable or are

found to be only synonyms for names given before.

Now the reasons which have appeared ‘‘ good” to one writer

and not good to another have brought about contradictory

results, though each writer has pursued his investigations

subject to the direction of the same principle and the area for

difference is restricted to one solitary point. It is while

“priority” pure and simple receives the unsparing adhesion of

those who publish lists, that the reasons which each considers

*‘oood” have landed us in confusion. But M. Candéze’s pro-

posal is very remarkable. The fact that good reasons send

him sometimes to the side of the reformers and sometimes to

the other side is used as an argument for throwing off the

single controlling enactment which does now supply the essen-

tials for an agreement ; and this without putting anything in

its place. Under this plan then the reasons which an author

may consider “ good” will be reasons for following priority or

ignoring it, for rejecting the first name (of which M. Candéze

has given us an instance), or insisting on it, and we must now

take it that this prominent entomologist has declared himself

free from the rule of priority as it at present stands. M. Can-

deze’s system seems to leave us without anchor, chart or

compass. Heretofore divergences in judgment have been

restricted to modus operandi. Henceforward, all is to be dis-

cretionary. I dread to contemplate the condition at which, as

it seems to me, our nomenclature will arrive in two years if

such a principle receive acceptance. To institute a parallel

which holds good in some respects,—it does happen that courts

f * Amazing as this statement seems, it is unvarnished truth; see the

preface to Gemminger and von Harold’s Munich Catalogue, pp. x., xi.

(See also Discussion of Priority, pp. 40—45.)

Nomenclature and Priority. XX1X

of equal authority come occasionally to conflicting decisions ;

and that takes place in administering a fixed law when all which

the judges have to do is apply it. But only conceive what

condition of things we should come to if judges were to begin

deciding upon rights by the light of discretion only, doing

what they considered desirable and untrammelled by a positive

law !

When M. Candéze has rejected a prior name on the ground

that it has been long disused,—which he has shown us is a

reason he considers ‘‘ good,” why should another author abstain

from bringing that name forward, on the ground that it is the

prior name—which is a reason he in turn considers “ good” ?

This surely is the kind of decision which might properly be

described by Dr. Sharp as one ‘‘ to be reversed on the first

appeal ;” but Dr. Sharp’s criticisms could not (from considera-

tions of chronology) have had reference to M. Candéze’s pro-

posal... Bad as I consider the present practice has proved to be

for our nomenclature, I think it is only as King Log to King

Stork in comparison with the principle (for such only can

it be termed) of having no rule but what the author chooses.

We are in search of certainty in our nomenclature. How can

it be said that rejecting or bringing up names on grounds of

discretion will ever bring certainty ?

I said that the line which M. Candéze adopts would take

him further than the point which he reaches. It is impossible

to stay where he leaves off; and I think the rest should natu-

rally follow. If an author’s object be sometimes to bring

forward old names, and sometimes to reject them when there

is xo substantial difference in the circumstances, we must grant

at once the proposition that rules for nomenclature would be

out of place. But if, in bringing forward or rejecting the old

names, the author acts upon a principle which admits of being

stated, I cannot imagine in what respect his work is not greatly

improved and advantaged by having the support of rules and

reasons. It would appear to me that a compilation of synonymy

not so supported remains open to be misread and misunderstood

in every way, and that whenever its conclusions might be

attacked the attacker would experience an easy victory, because

no person could say on the author’s behalf what his grounds of

procedure or modus operandi were. If these considerations be

well grounded, the old names, if they are to be rejected, must

be rejected on a principle; and I do not gather from M. Can-

déze’s observations that he entertains any rooted objections to

the principle of discarding names totally disused.

Trreconcilable Confusion must continue to result from the

present Condition of Things.

Mr. W. F. Kirby has contributed to the “Canadian Entomo-

logist” (vol. vi. p. 196) a short but very important paper on

XXX +. W. A. Lewis on

* Discrepancies in Recent Lists of Lepidoptera,” which is as

follows :—

*‘'The opponents of the law of priority in nomenclature have

taken occasion, both in England and America, to argue against

the restoration of obsolete names, on the ground that the names

employed in my Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera do not

always harmonize with those used in Staudinger’s Catalogue

of European Lepidoptera. Although this argument looks

plausible at first sight, a little reflection will probably convince

many that it is baseless. We may leave genera out of the

question now, as Staudinger has not attempted to grapple with

the difficulties which they present; but as regards species, it

must be remembered,—lIst, that Staudinger starts from 17458,

instead of 1767, and that I should have done the same had

I investigated the question fully when I commenced my work ;

and 2nd, that Staudinger, working at European Lepidoptera

only, was necessarily better acquainted with the special litera-

ture relating to them than myself. Had I selected 1758, and

possessed Werneburg’s “Beitrage zur Schmetterlingskunde” at

the time I was writing my own Catalogue, or had Staudinger’s

new Catalogue been published in time for me to verify the

references contained in it, I think I may say that many of the

alleged discrepancies would have disappeared, although, in

some cases, I may have made use of materials which Staudinger

does not appear to have employed, or may have seen reason to

disagree with him as to the determination of certain species.

Unless two authors have exactly the same materials to work

with, or one copies from the other, no rules will be sufficient to

insure their absolute agreement in every case ; but by the strict

law of priority, the chances of disagreement are reduced to a

minimum.”

I presume I am to consider myself included in the descrip-

tion of ‘opponents of the law of priority.’ (The phrase is

convenient as a nomen triviale, though it is defective as a

diagnosis.) Now, I certainly have used the discrepancies in

Kirby’s and Staudinger’s Catalogues as furnishing arguments

against the endeavour to restore obsolete names founded by

the early writers ; and I have vouched them (with other con-

siderations) as proving an important part of the case set up.

I venture to think that if, on the appearance of the two Cata-

logues, I had missed drawing attention to the discrepancies as

they exist, and the causes of them, I should have failed to

seize what is really a plain conclusion; and also should have

been rightly chargeable with building up a discussion of words

and theories instead of dealing with facts. I repeat the ex-

pression of my opinion that the lessons to be drawn from Mr,

Kirvy’s and Dr. Staudinger’s Catalogues taken together are in

the highest degree valuable; from the point of view therefore

which I occupy, the remarks which Mr. Kirby may offer on

the matter have a corresponding interest.

Nomencluture and Priority. XXxXl

_ First of all, it seems necessary to state that the ground taken

up is something different from that which the words quoted

would indicate. I do not think anybody has founded argu-

ments on the bare circumstance that the names in the two

Catalogues in question “do not always harmonize.” For myself

T never founded on that circumstance an argument of any sort

or description ; and the exploit would be so entirely futile that

(in the absence of an allusion more definite) I think the words

have not quite accurately expressed what Mr. Kirby probably

intended.

I have pointed out that Mr. Kirby and Dr. Staudinger,

‘having in almost every instance used identically the same

references,” have, in what I term a prodigious number of cases,

come to different interpretations of them. In particular, I

have quoted a chain of instances where these two writers have

sounded every note in the whole gamut, and not only “did not

always harmonize,” but did always arrive at discord; and on

this circumstance (with others) I have argued that a large

proportion of names in the old books are not truly recogniz-

able, even after the maximum of research and study by two of

the most industrious lepidopterists. That is the conclusion

which I sought to impress upon entomologists interested in our

nomenclature.

It would have been impossible for any one who had read

Mr. Kirby’s and Dr. Staudinger’s prefaces to their respective

Catalogues to found an argument (of the kind supposed) on the

bare fact that Kirby’s and Staudinger’s names are different,

because it was plainly stated that Staudinger had gone back

for his names to the date 1758, while Kirby announced that he

had adhered to the names of 1767.* If Mr. Kirby is under the

impression that this circumstance was lost sight of, he must

himself, I think, have given little attention to the criticisms

which provoked his reply.

Mr. Kirby continues :— Although this argument looks

plausible at first sight a little reflection will probably convince

many that it is baseless.” ‘The argument really used is, I

venture to maintain more than plausible, for not a little

reflection only, but a somewhat prolonged investigation has

brought me at least to the conviction that it is well founded.

Two years and more before Mr. Kirby put forward this

explanation, I had pointed out that the differences between

Staudinger’s Catalogue and Kirby’s Catalogue would be

wider than they are if the two works agreed on their

starting-point ; and the matter received a great deal of notice

in the pamphlet, entitled “A Discussion of the Law of

* Tsay it is “announced.” It is, however, not always the fact. Instances

will be found by every one who looks for them in which Mr. Kirby starts

from 1761. It is unnecessary to complicate the discussion by enlarging on

this cireumstance.

XXX1i -F\\.. W. A. Lewis on

Priority,” which I published. As I have no reason to alter

the language, and the point is of the essence of the controversy,

I may be forgiven for presenting the case in words then used.

I said :*—* The cases in which Mr. Kirby and Dr. Staudinger

now print different names for the same species do not by any

means make up the total number of cases in which those

two authors are opposed. Mr. Kirby restricts himself to 1767,

and restores no names of earlier date; while Dr. Staudinger

starts from 1758. Now Mr. Kirby, who does not use them,

cites a prodigious number of “prior” names (given in his

Catalogue as synonyms), which Dr. Staudinger does not recog-

nize! The results are not yet felt; because, though he finds

and identifies the names, Mr. Kirby at present refuses to restore

them. When he shall publish a list starting from the date 1758

or 1746, there will be a terrible addition to the number of cases

in which he and Dr. Staudinger are dragging us different ways.”

And I gave this instance of the way in which the change of

Mr. Kirby to 1758 would work :—“ Dr. Staudinger acknow-

ledges and restores names found in the Museum Ulrice (1764);

Mr. Kirby does not. If, therefore, ‘ Sibylla’ be found described

in the Mus. Ulr. (1764) under the name Camilla, Staudinger

will accept this name, but Kirby will call the butterfly Sibylla

still. Now Kirby goes to the Mus. Ulr., and there he does

find ‘ Sibylla’ described under the name Camilla. It is against

his principle to take names earlier than 1767, so he does not

change the name, but only quotes Camilla as a (prior) syno-

nym. Staudinger, meanwhile, who would adopt the name

Camilla from the Mus. Ulr. without hesitation, fails to recog-

nize the species there at all! ‘The consequence is that he like-

wise (in ignorance, or by choice) retains Sibylla as the first

name. Now, supposing Kirby to be accurate, it is quite clear

that Staudinger ought to have rejected the name Sibylla,

L. S. N. (1767), for Camilla, L. M. L. U. (1764). When Mr.

Kirby publishes a list beginning from 1758 or earlier, he will

have ‘Sibylla’ under the name Camilla, and thus he and Dr.

Staudinger will be openly at difference ; they are now disagreed,

though, under present conditions, the difference does no harm.

It does not signify whether the former author be right, or the

latter, or neither. The disagreement between them does the

mischief ; and, wide as that is now, it seems to be not nearly so

wide as it will be when the works of both agree on their start-

ing-point.”

This was followed by a succession of instances (quotations

and references being given) where Kirby and Staudinger came

to different interpretations of a number of names all traditionally

ascribed to various European butterflies with white-banded

wings (which cannot be reproduced here); the summary

* Discussion of Priority, p. 21,

Nomenclature and Priority. . XXXiil

being :—“‘ Sibylla’ is Camilla; ‘Camilla’ is Lucilla ; ‘ Lucilla’

is Sappho; ‘Sappho’ is Aceris. ‘Camilla’ is Sibylla; ‘Sibylla’

is Prorsa; Prorsa is before the commencement of our nomen-

clature. The early nomenclature is an exhilarating study !

There is not one of the books above quoted which was not

already antiquated in the time of our grandfathers. ... . This

farrago of disagreement at present lies concealed from those

who do not search for it. But for the circumstance that Mr.

Kirby had (when he wrote his Catalogue) refused to go behind

1767, we should now be in the thick of the contentions I have

just exposed, and hundreds of similar ones on questions of the

same importance. Jf ‘Camilla’ be restored for our Sibylla, we

have the whole avalanche upon us.”

It is impossible in a paper such as this to do more than

give instances to show how this change confuses the nomen-

clature of Kirby’s Catalogue, and Staudinger’s as well. Any-

one can discover for himself a large collection of similar cases

among the long-discovered species; and I must not delay over

this portion of the subject.

I must maintain that the difference in the date taken for

starting-point does not explain the existence of discrepancies

between Kirby’s list and Staudinger’s; because, although it

happens that Staudinger and Kirby do print different names be-

cause of the different starting-points which they accept, yet not

only does that circumstance account for comparatively speaking

a very small number of the discrepancies, but in point of fact there

are so many obscure names in the books of 1758—1767 that

the two authors’ disagreements are largely increased in number

when that period is taken into the account. We get a spice

here of the “chaos” that writers on synonymy frequently men-

tion. The period before and long after 1767 was the infancy

of entomology, but before 1767 was certainly its toothless

babyhood. The British Association Rules still forbid recourse

to the names of that period; but the two active catalogue-writers

on the Lepidoptera are now agreed in favour of taking 1758

as the starting-point. We are thus in the position, for the first

time, of seeing what kind of names these are which have lain

hid so long. I think there will not be much doubt in the mind

of those who handle the question that the names prior to 1767

are of the strictest sect of the unrecognizables, and (as I have

convinced myself by some very distasteful labour) that agree-

ment in favour of using them will increase the confusion. |

Mr. Kirby says:—‘‘Had Staudinger’s new Catalogue been

published in time for me to verify the references contained in

it, I think I may say that many of the alleged discrepancies

would have disappeared.”

I am puzzled by Mr. Kirby’s use of the phrase “alleged

discrepancies.” If the discrepancies are alleged only, and not

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) c

XXX1V *.. W. A. Lewis on

actual, it seems peculiar to excuse them on the ground of

Staudinger’s better acquaintance with the literature; while the

drift of the passage would appear to be that a verification of

Staudinger’s references by Kirby would have effected the dis-

appearance, not of discrepancies supposed or imagined to exist,

but existing in fact. However, I do not take the phrase to

imply a denial that the differences are actual and substantial,

because, in truth, such a contention could not be raised by anyone

acquainted with the two works. Staudinger (says Mr. Kirby)

was better acquainted with the special literature, and had

Kirby verified Staudinger’s references we should not be com-

plaining as we are. It is invidious to look gift-horses in the

mouth, and the explanation’which an author may choose to

furnish to critics is a gift-horse to some extent. If, however,

we contemplate using the animal for stud purposes, it may be

that the character of our stable for years to come will depend

on its strength and soundness, and a prudent man will pocket

proverbial philosophy and send for the veterinary surgeon. The

works, then, which Dr. Staudinger cites—which Mr. Kirby does

not cite, and which may contain identifications of ‘ Diurnal

Lepidoptera,”—do not exceed thirty in number, all told, and

by far the greater part of these appear to be works of a com-

pletely trivial character,—such, for instance, as may be used for

the localities in Staudinger’s Catalogue, but of which he appears

(though he gives them in his list of authors) to have ignored

almost the whole number in the synonymy. In point of fact,

I do not assert that these works may not here and there be

responsible for differences, but the number which is thus

accounted for is again insignificant so far as my researches

have gone, :

An odd thing about Mr, Kirby’s explanation is, that in another

way it does not meet the complaint. The “ better acquaintance”

with the literature, so far as making use of a far greater part

of it is an indication, is shown on the part of Mr. Kirby. He

has identified numbers of references which Dr. Staudinger has

passed by, or (according to his own remark) has “ made use of

materials which Staudinger has not employed.” Though in

the majority of cases the same references have been made by

both authors, and very often differently construed, yet there is

no room for doubt who makes most use of the literature—that

is Mr. Kirby himself, and not Dr. Staudinger.

Mr. Kirby further says that had he possessed Werneburg’s

“Beitrage zur Schmetterlingskunde” at the time he was

writing his Catalogue, or had Staudinger’s new* Catalogue been

published, he “ thinks he may say” many of the discrepancies

* Tt is worth remarking that Mr. Kirby did start on the same general

lines as Dr. Staudinger. In 1862 Mr. Kirby published a Manual of

European Butterflies, which he prepared when enjoying “ unusual facilities

for-studying the literature of Entomology,’ but he actually based that

Nomenclature and Priority. XXXV

would not have appeared. This, I presume, means that Mr.

Kirby has made errors in his identifications, and has that

brought home to him when he finds that another has decided

differently. This is not in any way a pleasant discovery. The

superseding of names in use by others, which are abandoned

when a fresh author says something different, is the very prac-

tice which has proved so serious for our nomenclature ; and it

is to be regretted that heretofore this occurrence has been

treated so much as a matter of course. One author thinks he

sees a likeness in an old description, and brings it out as

identified. ‘Three months after (it may be) some one else sees

a better likeness, and that is brought out in its turn, to serve

till something more attractive still is lighted on.

We have quitted the subject of the old descriptions, but

perhaps it is as well to look again at them from this new point

of view. What light does all this throw on the character of

the descriptions which admit of such conflicting interpretations ?

We have modern author after modern author (not at all igno-

rant, but on the contrary, having trained himself for this special

work) finding grounds for bringing out new identifications.

Yet the grounds which they make sufficient for upsetting

names in use are so little worth, that they are ready at the

shortest notice to withdraw their identifications in favour of a

new one. The reason is this, the books do not furnish any

good grounds. I do not believe Mr. Kirby has identified any

species dissimilar from the description. If he had done that,

it would be a far different affair ; but, on the contrary, I take it

that Mr. Kirby had fair grounds for his identifications and read

the descriptions as well, on the whole, as they truly admitted

of being read. Both authors have reasons of some sort, but

nearly all is mere speculation. ‘The difficulty being caused by

facts (not rules, or theories), such disagreements must con-

tinually crop up, and there is no possible way of reconciling

them, while recourse to the old descriptions is permitted.

As to placing justly any reliance on Herr Werneburg, or

vouching him as an authority in disputed cases, surely this is

not to be entertained. Herr Werneburg has devoted himself

to this study, and is responsible for a number of our irrecon-

cilable differences ; but as for Herr Werneburg’s work bringing

us to certainty, it is almost a shock to hear the suggestion

made. Dr. Speyer long ago* characterized Herr Werneburg’s

work as having taken from “the generally unintelligible and

vague descriptions and defective plates of the Patres Entomo-

logiz, identifications which hung on the most precarious holding

work on Staudinger’s first Catalogue (1861), as will be found stated in the

Appendix (p. 145). Mr. Kirby was not working solely by the light of

nature, for he and Staudinger were starting fair in 1862; and of all

Staudinger’s references up to that point Kirby had the use and advantage,

* Stett. Ent. Zeitung, 1865—66, p. 51.

XXxv1 a W. A. Lewis on

points,” and Herr Werneburg’s Beitrage must be considered

—not a repertory of truths (as I am submitting), but an assort-

ment of speculations—like the parts of which we complain of

the two Catalogues themselves. a

Before leaving Mr. Kirby, let us take a new look at certain

facts. Mr. Kirby gives the explanations which have been

quoted, to account for his differences from Staudinger. We

will take a familiar instance, the one originally used by me

three years ago,* and test these explanations. Kirby and

Staudinger’s Catalogues (as they stand) differ on the names of

one-seventh of the British Rhopalocera. Since reading Mr.

Kirby’s explanation (which appeared to hold out hopes that

the differences could be reconciled), I have gone through the

synonymy again, and have to report that whereas, starting from

different dates, Kirby and Staudinger differed in one-seventh,

now that they both start from 1758 (taking also into account

some fresh identifications by Mr. Kirby), the differences have

risen to one-sixth of the number. When the two lists first

appeared, they changed seventeen of our species’ names; some

additions to the “corrections” having been made, now they

change twenty. The common starting-point of 1758 has not

reduced the number of these differences, but added to them ;

and the fact will have interest for British entomologists, who

would have been truly glad to see a real explanation forth-

coming. As for the other reasons, in nearly all the cases of

difference Kirby and Staudinger have had the same materials

and made the same reference to page and plate. But where

more “literature” is quoted, it is almost always quoted by

Mr. Kirby himself.

I conclude that it will be self-deception on our part if we

expect a reconciliation of the names, unless one author makes

a simple surrender of his opinions, retiring in favour of his

rival in cases where they differ. Even that step would be

eventually ineffectual, for the next list-writer may be relied on

to ferret out such points again.

The foregoing remarks have been directed to exposing

existing evils and considering some opinions of entomologists.

Therefore, whatever proposal I may found on them (and

whether the expedient which I am about to suggest receive

approval or disapproval), the points already dealt with will

remain unaffected.

There is a Remedy in a Rule which does equal Justice.

With this preface I proceed to indicate the reform which I

look for.

The object is to exclude the names which cause confusion—

that is, the names which are attached to descriptions doubtfully

* Discussion of Priority, &c., p. 83.

Nomenclature and Priority. XXXVIl

recognizable. The descriptions doubtfully recognizable are

found in the old books. Therefore any expedient which ex-

cludes recourse to the old books effects the object.

The object also is to preserve the names which are every-

where in use. Any expedient, which protects the names in

use, ex vi termini excludes doubtful names brought up from the

old books.

The objects are clear—(1) to exclude doubtful names; (2) to

preserve accepted names. ‘They are not identical, but both

objects can and must be pursued together.

It has been several times suggested that the enjoyment of

universal acceptance for a period of years should give a name

an indefeasible title to adoption. For a purpose which I have

in view, I will fill in the number “thirty ” and make the pro-

posal read thus: No name for thirty years in universal accept-

ance should be displaced.

We have seen that an objection which we had to meet was

fotinded on the claim for justice to predecessors. A part of our

reply was that the “justice” demanded was demanded under

ex post facto legislation—the “rights” being laid claim to

under a retrospective construction of the law.

If that answer recommends itself, then we advance a step.

No rights can justly be claimed under a retrospective construc-

tion. Acton that. Deny to the law any retrospective opera-

tion. See now whether we are not rewarded for consistent

conduct by seeing our difficulties disappear.

The date of the law is 1842, a year which is a good way on

the right side of the ‘infancy of science” period, to which we

owe our troubles. No name before 1842 can lay claim to

priority as a right.

This would be the working of the limitation. No name

could be produced now for the first time from any book bearing

date 1842 or previously. Place together by themselves,

labelled ‘Old Style,” all books of that period, and agree that

they be considered as non-existent so far as new identifications

are concerned. ‘That stops the evil spreading henceforward.

No author can then bring up a name from Old Style books,

unless the name has been kept alive by quotation as the true

name in some work since 1842. Here is a measure there is

really no difficulty in applying, and its operation is simple.

Merely being quoted in the synonymy since 1842 will not do.

Nearly all these names which afflict us (now brought forward

as the true names) have for years past appeared in the

synonymy as representing some species in some author. If

that were allowed to give the old name a claim to be received,

we should reap little benefit from the change.

This limitation agrees well with the proposal already men-

tioned, which has attracted much popularity. The names which

have appeared as the true names in publications since 1842 fall

XXXV1il as W. A. Lewis on

into one of two categories; either they are in universal employ

themselves, or, at all events, they prevent any other name having

the title of universal employ. I took the period of thirty years

for the prescriptive right. The date 1842 is thirty years

exactly from the date (1872) when this limitation was proposed,

and both plans are thus made to come to the same thing. If a

name found in a publication since 1842 be the name given as

the true name in all publications, it is in universal employ.

Good; it cannot be disturbed. But if in any publication since

1842 a name is given as the true name, then it follows that no

other name is in universal employ. ‘Therefore, the names

which (in the phrase of a great French entomologist) ‘ usage

has consecrated” are effectually preserved by both methods.

On the other hand, where xo usage has “consecrated” the

names, our principle does not intervene. ‘Thus both plans are

applicable or inapplicable together.

Suppose a question arises as to the true name of any species.

The choice at present lies among all the names in all the books

there are. Henceforward, it will lie only among names which

since 1842 have been treated as the true names ; and we have

the difficulty confined within reasonable limits. It does not

become impossible to find cases of sickness, but the plague is

stayed. There could be no difficulty in agreeing what work is

the true starting-point in the case of each Order ; and operations

in synonymy would soon fall into mere routine.

Here then, as I submit, we find a point where the ground

of “universal employ” and the ground of logical deduction

are conterminous,—at which we can unite the suffrages of

two schools of doctrine; and it is so fenced around by a

principle, that “the man of science” can occupy it to his

advantage.

Having defined the proposal in a few words, I have to say

something more about it.

There is a natural indisposition to make a sweeping limitation

which may seem to serve out hard measure to the good de-

scriptions, while it aims only at protecting us from the bad.

It may be said by some who are far from unfriendly to the

movement, “Suppose an unmistakably ‘ prior’ name is dis-

covered to-morrow in an ancient work, will you not consent to

its being brought up to supersede names in use?” ‘That is a

question which deserves an answer; and it shall have the best

which I can give.

There is no such thing as a category of plain cases ; nor can

there be one law for dealing with plain cases and another for

obseure cases. Directly you admit of such a difference, see

what you open the door to. Who is to decide what is a plain

case, and what an obscure one? When one writer proposes to

pass by an old name on the ground that it is not a plain case,

another may insist in bringing it forward on the ground that

Nomenclature and Priority. XXx1X

it is a plain case. Where are we then? Why, exactly where

we are now ; that is, depending altogether on the judgment of

authors—on points where judgments cannot be made to agree.

Any change of the law which provided different treatment for

so-called ‘clear cases” would leave open the door to all the

evils which we are suffering from now. Such an alteration

(as I have argued in considering the proposal of M. Candéze)

would be illusory altogether ; and, however unwelcome in one

of its aspects the scheme may be, yet it would be the worst

mistake to shrink from saying that nothing but a fixed limit,

for admission — which involves a fixed limit of exclusion—can

succeed.

But although the scheme may appear rigorous, in point of

fact its operation is perfectly harmless. There are no “clear”

cases, such as excite sympathy, to be brought forward ; and

this is the best answer to the question. Preceding list-makers

and monographers have, in one work or another, brought up

the “clearly” prior names and they have been already ad-

mitted ; those we are now receiving are not the clear but

anything but the clear instances. For the sake of uniformity

(and indeed to prevent its whole object being frustrated) the

rule must apply to all names, but no one need experience alarm

that “clear” priority will suffer by it.

If, after all that can be said, the proposal of the date 1842

appears to those who weigh the reasons to be too sweeping,

then by all means let us agree on some date farther back. I

have said why I prefer the starting-point of 1842, but agree-

ment can do anything, and I should eagerly co-operate in fixing

even* 1800 as the limit. Those who agree with me in the

objects desired, will, I think, if they give attention to the

matter, bring themselves to a conclusion upon the method not

essentially very different from the one I have expressed. ‘This

reform could only be wrought by agreement ; and when those

concerned meet together to form an agreement, the general

plan would be found to admit of moulding this way or that,

according as those who assisted might decide.

We are occasionally told that we cannot enforce performance

of a rule; but I think this difficulty is somewhat of a bug-bear.

The list-makers do not agree on the names they introduce ;

and the authority of any particular one, as well as of all

together, is in a great degree neutralized by that circumstance.

Then, when once we are entitled to retain the names in use I

think that there will be little disposition to bring out the for-

gotten names—that is, I confess I think that the agreement of

* Tn that case it would be necessary to draw up an “Index expurgatorius”

of the works to which no recourse for new identifications could be had, as

the dates of a few bordering on the line of limitation cannot be clearly

ascertained.

xl ¢. W. A. Lewis on

entomologists will have in a very great measure the effect of

stopping that which it aims at stopping. But, supposing that

it fails in securing this, it will be effective in another way. It

will give us the right to disregard strange names hereafter to

be brought up; and, considering that the law will be passed

to supply a great need and to remedy evils whose pressure is

as a fact severely felt, those who reap the benefit of it may be

relied on to give it sturdy support. What reason is there to

fear that, when they have a real boon of this kind granted

them, people will be found renouncing it and submitting to the

old disagreeables? At present we are without a lawful stand-

point; and I admit that we are made to feel it. While, in

answer to arguments, it can still be trumpeted that the “ laws

of priority” are all in all, it is the case that there is a real

difficulty in declining to receive these forgotten names. But

when the new law is passed, the whole advantage is the other

way. Every sanction which can now be laid claim to by those

who support the innovations will then be the warrant for their

rejection, and it appears to me that there will be little to fear

from those who might insist on continuing their resurrectionary

exercises. At all events we have begged this question. We

now proceed on the basis that laws are obligatory; and the

British Association Rules and the Dresden Code bear testimony

to the fact. We should be acting strangely if we forbore to

alter the old law which is enforced to oppress us, for fear of

not being able to enforce the new law which is to release us.

Summary of the Points contended for.

I conclude, then, that the rule of priority, as originally en-

acted in 1842, means that the earliest of the names in use

should be adopted; or, at all events, that the consideration

that the oldest name might have fallen out of use was not

present to the minds of those who made the rule. That since

then the circumstances are changed, and cogent reasons for re-

settling the law have become operative. That the paramount

principle in nomenclature is convenience; and that, if all

agree to forget a name, there is no “error” in the case, but

right is done. That convenience requires the upholding of

accord, if that can be done ina manner to render the accord

permanent. That the bare rule of priority has failed to supply

us with permanent accord (7. e. certainty), because it is not

possible to decide on the earliest descriptions.

That, in order to make accord permanent, a law is necessary ;

and that discretion cannot effect any good. That accord can

only be upheld by a law excluding recourse to the old books;

and that law may take any formal shape so that its provisions

be definite. That a law denying to the rule of priority any

retrospective operation will exclude recourse to the old books,

Nomenclature and Priority. xli

and will thus make accord permanent, while it will admit of

justification upon principle. And that a law which proves

in truth salutary will run little danger of being disregarded.

Ihave sought to show that Mr. Kirby’s explanations of the

discrepancies between his Catalogue and Dr. Staudinger’s do

not encourage us to expect an effectual reconciliation of them ;

and to point out that M. Candeéze’s proposal will not improve

our present position.

I have said little of the discordant rules and practice

adopted by different writers on synonymy because this paper

is too long. Some, who seem to say it is necessary to identify

the unrecognizable and interpret the unintelligible, have sur-

rounded themselves with rules of their own private devising

which, as might have been foretold, fail altogether to save

them from disagreement, but, on the contrary, supply fresh

points of difference. The identity of an insect with an old

description is entirely or in part matter of tradition and not of

proof. In that state of things we find some (like von Harold)

avowing candidly that they accept tradition as all in all, while

others (like Staudinger) profess that they decline to act save

on ‘proofs which appear irrefragable,” but that certainty

cannot be attained; while the point to which another (Kirby,

as we have noticed) brings himself is that there is ‘“‘reason to

disagree on the identification of certain species,” and ‘no

rules will be sufficient to ensure absolute agreement in every

ease.” But I say “ Remove the cause and the effects will dis-

appear!” No rules which encourage and render obligatory a

scrutiny of the worthless descriptions will ever produce agree-

ment; but ofher rules can and will yet effect it.

Conclusion.

Confusion in nomenclature is not a visitation of Providence—

inexplicable, and to be submitted to with folded hands. You

would almost gather from some things said about it, that a

mysterious calamity had fallen from the skies, which all were

helpless to remedy. On the contrary, it is the most common-

place resv!t of human agencies—and human agencies of a not

very inscrutable or venerable description. Surely we are not

going to be so supine as to suffer endless inconveniences for

want of a resolve to avail ourselves of the expedients which

are at hand. When thirty years ago the entomologists found

themselves in trouble about their nomenclature, they made a

rule to help them, and got straight again. Are we not going

to do the same? A grave responsibility will, it seems to me,

rest on those who do not bear a part in effecting some settle-

ment. If the blow be not struck now, our nomenclature will

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1875.—PART I. (MAY.) d

xl Mr. W. A. Lewis on Nomenclature.

fall a sacrifice ; for we have seen what is coming, and in a brief

space of time we shall have lost our opportunity for good.

The rule of priority was first enacted in this country. The

movement we are considering originated at a meeting, nearly

four years ago, of this Society. The approval which some

sentences of my own were fortunate enough to attract led to

the proposal being developed and supported by reasons given

at length. Some discussion followed; and that was in turn

succeeded by the signature, by an imposing number of our

body, of a protest having for its object the suppression of the

new names introduced. The movement is to a great extent

the child of this Society ; and I was anxious at this critical

time to bring it again before those with whose support it has

sprung onwards as it has. I hope enough vis remains to carry

the movement forward to the end, that it may be not merely

a welcome proposal, but also an effectual success.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

FOR

ES% 3.

February 1, 1875.

Sir Sipney SmitH Saunpers, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis,’ part ii.; preseuted by the

Author, J. O. Westwood, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c. ‘ Pinacographia,’ illus-

trations of more than 1000 species of North-West European Ichneumonide

sensu Linneano; by the Author, M.S.C.Snellen van Vollenhoven. ‘Annales

de la Societé Linnéene de Lyon,’ année 1873; by the Society. ‘ Bulletin

de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1874, no. 2; by the

Society. ‘L’Abeille,’ 1874, livr.24; 1875, livr.1; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic

Butterflies,’ part 93; by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esq. ‘The Ento-

mologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for February; by the Editors. ‘ Newman's

Entomologist’ and ‘The Zoologist’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The

Canadian Entomologist,’ vi., no. 11; -by the Editor.

Election of Members.

Clermont Livingstone, Esq., of Tudor Lodge, Snaresbrook, was balloted

for and elected an Ordinary Member; and M. Auguste Salle, of Paris, a

Foreign Member.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a dark variety of Noctua glareosa, Gn., and

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Amara continua, Z’homs., taken at

_ Caterham and Mickleham.

- ii

Mr. Druce exhibited a selection from a fine collection of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera from Santarem, Brazil.

The President exhibited a nest of Polistes gallicus, taken on the

Esplanade at Corfu, of which the cells were partly constructed with

coloured paper taken from some play-bills posted in the vicinity, as alluded

to in his Anniversary Address, delivered at the last meeting.

Mr. F. Smith remarked that specimens of Colletes cunicularia, Linn. |

(C. hirta, St. Fargeau) had been captured hitherto only in the Isle of Wight

and near Liverpool, and that a number of specimens having been forwarded —

to him from the latter place, he had transported them to a suitable locality _

at Shirley Common in 18738, and that he had reason to believe that he had —

succeeded in establishing a colony there, as the insect had been taken near —

the same spot in 1874 by Mr. d’Arcy Power.

Papers read, dc.

A paper was communicated by Mr. A. G. Butler on the Rhopalocera of

Australia.

A paper was read by Mr. W. Ammold Lewis, entitled “On Entomological

Nomenclature and the Rule of Priority.

The President nominated Messrs. Dunning, Pascoe and Jenner Weir as

Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

February 15, 1875.

Sir Sipnny Smiru SaunpeErs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ no. 157; presented by the

Society. ‘L’Abeille,’ tome xi., livr.2; by the Editor.

Election of Member.

Frederick Henry Ward, Esq., of Springfield, Tooting, was balloted for

and elected an Ordinary Member.

Exhibitions, éc.

Mr. Phipson exhibited a singular variety of Strenia clathrata from

Basingstoke, the wings being nearly unicolorous (fuscous), with a few

pale spots.

lil

Mr. F. Smith exhibited an additional collection of Hymenoptera sent

from Calcutta by Mr. Rothney. It consisted of 1573 specimens of Fos-

sorial Hymenoptera and Apide, all in beautiful condition. There were

probably not more than twenty-five undescribed species; but from twenty to

thirty species, which were hitherto represented in the British Museum by

a single sex, were here most fully represented.

Mr. Verrall exhibited a number of living fleas taken two days previously

from inside the ears of a rabbit near Lewes. They were gregarious in this

situation, and in such a position that the animal was unable to dislodge

them by scratching. He alluded to a communication made to him by

Mr. M‘Lachlan regarding a species from Ceylon which was gregariously

collected in a very limited space on the neck of a fowl, and which had been

exhibited at a recent meeting of the Royal Microscopical Society. They

were fixed to the skin of the fowl by the proboscis, so that only the tails

were visible outwards. Mr. Cole said he had found fleas on a hedgehog ;

and Mr. W. A. Lewis had obtained a species on a marmot in Switzerland.

Mr. Dunning called attention to the following extract from a recent

French paper :—

Colouring Matter from the Cockchaffer.—The ‘ Bulletin des Sciences et

Arts’ of Poligny (Jura) gives particulars of a curious discovery by

Dr. Auguste Chevreuse. He had found that in decapitating living cock-

chaffers an hour after they have been feeding, they yield four or five drops

of a colouring substance, which varies with the nature of the leaves on

which they have been feeding, and he has already obtained fourteen different

shades. M. Nichlés, Professor of Chemistry, M. Préclaire, Professor of

Drawing, and M. Chatelain, architect, have found that this substance may

be employed either in mono-tinted drawings—like Indian ink, sepia, &.—

or mixed with water colours, and that it does not change on exposure to

the light. The colouring substance may be collected on glass or in shells,

in which it may be left to dry, and when required for use it is sufficient to

dissolve it in water.’ When applied in a thick coat it presents the effect

of varnish. Two or three cockchaffers suffice for a small water-colour

drawing.

The Rey. R. P. Murray stated that Mr. Edwards, of Virginia, was

desirous of obtaining specimens of the pupz of Pieris Napi, and that he

would be happy to receive them for him from any entomologist who might

be able to obtain them.

March 1, 1875.

Sir Srpyry Smiru Savnpers, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Beitriige zur naheren Kenntniss der in dem Baikal-see yorkom-

menden mederen Krebse aus der Gruppe der Grammariden,’ von Dr. B. N.

Dybowski; ‘Hor Societatis Entomologice Rossice,’ t. x., nos. 1—4;

presented by the Society. ‘Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, nitgegeven door de

Nederlandsche Entomologische Verein,’ t. xvil., nos. 1—6; by the Society.

‘The Canadian Entomologist,’ vol. vi. no. 12; by the Editor. ‘The

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for March; by the Editors. ‘ Newman's

Entomologist’ and ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the Editor. ‘ List of the

Lepidoptera recorded as having been found in New Zealand previous to the

year 1871,’ by R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.; ‘ List of the Insects recorded

as having been found in New Zealand previous to the year 1870,’ by Capt.

F, W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S.; by R. W. Fereday, Esq.

Election of Member.

W. D. Robinson-Douglas, Esq., of Orchardton, Castle Douglas, a Sub-

scriber to the Society, was balloted for and elected an Ordinary Member.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. F. H. Ward exhibited some living specimens of a Lepisma allied to

L. saccharina, which he believed to be a new species in this country, and

which was found in a bakehouse near London, in the brickwork of the oven

and other warm places about the buildings. Mr. M‘Lachlan suggested that

it might have been introduced in some American flour, as Mr. Packard had

recently published an account of a species which was found in America,

closely allied to L. saccharina, and which he suspected might prove identical

with the present species.

Mr. Ward also exhibited some microscopic slides showing specimens of

the Chigoe, male and female, and portions of human skin with the insect

attached.

Mr. Champion exhibited larvee of Empusa pauperata, sent by Mr. Walker

from Corfu.

A note was received from Mr. W. C. Boyd, with reference to some fleas

exhibited at the last meeting. He stated that fleas were frequently found

on the inside of the ears of wild rabbits, especially about this time of year,

and that his brother had seen a rabbit which must have had three hundred

fleas in the two ears, and that they looked as if smeared inside with black

paint. He believed the rabbits were not much troubled by the presence of

the parasites, as he had never noticed any inflammation, however many fleas

there might have been. He also found that hedgehogs usually swarmed

with fleas. Mr. Gorham said he had received fleas from a friend who had

found them on mice.

Mr. Dunning directed attention to an interesting paper by Dr. Leconte

on Entomological Nomenclature and Generic Types, which appeared in the

December part of the ‘ Canadian Entomologist.’

Paper read.

The Rey. H. 8. Gorham communicated a paper containing descriptions

of eighteen new species of Endomycici from various tropical countries.

March 15, 1875.

Sir Sipney SmirH SaunperRs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ vol. xxiii., no. 159; presented

by the Society. ‘Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique,’ tome

xvii., fasc. 2; by the Society. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1875,

nos. 1—3; by the Society. ‘The Canadian Entomologist,’ vol. vii., no. 1;

by the Editor. ‘Entomologische Nachrichten,’ nos. 1—4; by the Editor.

‘L’Abeille,’ 1875, 8e livr.; by the Editor. ‘L’ennemi de la Pomme-de-

terre: Notice sur le Doryphora decemlineata,’ par Oswald de Kerchove de

Denterghem; by the Author.

By purchase :—Boisduval, Dr. J. A., ‘Species général des Lepidopteéres

Heterocéres; tome lre, Sphingides, Sesiides, Castnides;’ and Atlas of

eleven platés.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. Sealy, who had recently arrived from India, exhibited some fine

examples of a species of Ornithoptera, bred from larve taken in Malabar,

feeding on Aristolochia indica.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings of several undescribed Coleoptera, of

remarkable forms, of which it was his intention to forward descriptions to the

Society. Amongst them was an insect from the collection of M. Mniszech,

which bore a strong resemblance to a Rhysodes, and which he had named

Rhysodina Mniszechii, but which was really a Heteromerous insect.

Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that the species of Lepisma exhibited at the

last meeting by Mr. F. H. Ward, did not, on examination, correspond, as

he expected, with the description of L. domestica, a common species in the

United States, nor did it coincide exactly with the descriptions of any of the

other described species, so far as he had been able to compare them.

Prof. Westwood said he had seen British examples of Lipura corticina,

Bourlet, on apple trees, though the insect was not included as British in

Sir John Lubbock’s Monograph.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a living specimen of Monohammus

Heros bred in England from foreign timber.

Dr. Sharp forwarded the following correction of an error in the third

paper in the ‘ Transactions’ for 1873 :—

“ Herr Wehncke, of Harburg, has called my attention to an error I have

committed in a paper on the water-beetles of Japan, published by the Society

in the first part of its ‘ Transactions’ for 1873. The species described there

by me under the name of Hydaticus japonicus (p. 48) is undoubtedly the

Hydaticus Adamsi, Clark, while the species alluded to by me, in the same

paper, as Hydaticus Adamsi, is the Hydaticus Bowringii, Clark. The

error was occasioned by an unfortunate transference of name in a letter

Mr. Lewis wrote to me after making an examination of Clark’s types.”

Mr. Butler read the following review of Boisduval’s recently-published —

volume of the Suites a Buffon (Lepidopteres), containing the Sphingide

(including Zygena, &c.):—

«Dr. Boisduval’s long-expected work on the Sphingide has at length

appeared : it is illustrated by eleven excellent coloured plates; and if these

had been published without the letterpress, Lepidopterists would have had

cause to be grateful to the author; as it is, the work of this veteran ento-

mologist contains so many errors and omissions, that it only obscures the

subject which it should have assisted in illuminating. Not only has

Dr. Boisduval, in the 880 pages devoted to this magnificent group,

apparently taken no pains to ascertain what has been done by other

workers during the last nineteen years (entirely overlooking even the

Supplement to Mr. Walker’s Catalogue), but he has returned to the errors

of Fabricius and his contemporaries, in his disregard of the law of priority :

he calmly renames well-characterized genera and species, quoting the

universally accepted names as synonyms, and gives no reason whatever

for so doing; he constantly gives to his own MS. names preference to the

descriptions of others; he quotes Catalogue lists of undescribed species,

thus conveying to the mind of the unwary student the impression that his

species have long been characterized; and in addition to all this he hope-

lessly confounds together subfamilies and genera whose larve are utterly

distinct. In proof of the recent publication of this work (dated 1874) I feel

compelled to subjoin an extract from a letter which I recently received from

Vil

the author, dated 18 Fevrier, 1875 :—‘ Le species des Sphingides, Sesiides

et Castniides sera mis au vente Lundi prochain chez M. Roret editeur,

Rue Hautefeuille a Paris.’”

The Rey. R. P. Murray communicated the following remarks :—

“The species of Terias forming the Hecabe group have long been a

source of perplexity to me, and for some time I have entertained a suspicion

that most of them were referable to but one species, TI. Hecabe, Linn.

I think I am now able to bring forward proof that T. Aisiope, Mén., at

least, is only a form of Hecabe, and some evidence that the same is probably

the case with T. Brenda, Doubl., Hew., and T. Sari, Horsf. I have

frequently received from Mr. Miskin, of Brisbane, specimens of typical

T. Hecabe from Rockhampton, and also others of T’. Aisiope from Brisbane,

these forms being common in their respective localities, while it is by no

means common to find them intermixed. So far the only evidence in

favour of their forming but one species was afforded by the large number of

specimens intermediate in character which came from Rockhampton. But

I now learn, by letters received from Mr. Miskin, that he has succeeded in

breeding both forms from larvee found on the same plant (Indigofera, sp.),

and that he is now convinced that both forms belong to the same species.

The curious distribution of the forms would tend to prove that the difference

in markings is not sexual, but dependent on certain conditions as yet un-

known to us. Both forms appear to be equally common in N.W. India,

from whence I have received them in considerable numbers.

“T have never received the form T. Aisiope, Mén., from Japan, where

typical Hecabe is common, but curiously enough I have seen large numbers

_ of a Terias from Japan, which are, for the most part, indistinguishable from

T. Brenda, Doubl., Hew., originally described from West Africa, but which

graduate insensibly in typical Hecabe, so that I am strongly inclined to

believe that this form (Brenda) replaces in Japan the Aisiope of Queens-

land.

“The evidence is not so strong with regard to T. Sari, Horsf., typical

specimens of which seem exceedingly different from T. Hecabe, L. I possess,

however, three specimens from Malacca, two of which are well-marked

T. Sari, while the third, which is much smaller, presents certain peculiarities

in the interior outline of the black hind margin of the anterior wings.

Below, however, the quadrangular blotch distinctive of T. Sari is well-

marked. A fourth specimen from the same locality, which must be referred

to IT. Hecabe, while presenting no trace of the blotch on the under side,

exactly agrees in size, and in the markings of the upper side, with the third

Specimen just described. So that I think it is at least possible that T. Sari

will ultimately be found to be but a form of the inconstant T. Hecabe.”

Prof. Westwood suggested that the case might be analogous to that of

certain English species of Pieris, where certain forms,—e.g., P. Napxe,

vill

Esp., and P. Sabellicee, Steph.,—now universally recognised as varieties of

P. Napi, L., had long been considered as specifically distinct. Prof. West-

wood also suggested that attention should be paid to the times of appearance

of the various forms, and the period noted during which they remained in

the pupa stage.

Mr. A. G. Butler remarked that the latter circumstance had an important

bearing on the case of Papilio Ajax, Linn. He expressed a doubt as to the

correctness of the supposition that T. Sari was only a form of T. Hecabe,

though he thought that the breeding of the latter and T. Adsiope from the

same food-plant was a strong point in favour of their identity.

Papers read.

Mr. J. S. Baly communicated descriptions of new genera and species of

Phytophagous Coleoptera.

Japan.

Mr. F. Smith read “ Descriptions of New Species of Indian Aculeate

Hymenoptera collected Mr. G. R. James Rothney ;” and also a “ Descrip-

tion of New Species of Bees of the Genus Nomia, Latreille.” Referring to

the latter, he mentioned that he was now acquainted with five species, the

males of which were furnished with capitate antenne.

April 5, 1875.

Sir Sipney SmirH SaunpERs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Report of the Commissioners of Agriculture for the year 1872’;

presented by the United States Government. ‘ Monographs of the Diptera

of North America,’ part iii., by H. Loew; ‘ Directions for Collecting and

Preserving Insects,’ by A. 8. Packard, jun., M.D.; ‘ New Species of North

American Coleoptera,’ by John L. Leconte, M.D., part ii.; ‘ Classification

of the Coleoptera of North America,’ by John L. Leconte, M.D., part ii. ;

by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘ Bullettino della Societa Entomologica

Italiana,’ anno sesto, trim. 1.—iy.; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the

Quekett Microscopical Club,’ No. 28; by the Club. ‘The Canadian

Entomologist,’ vol. vii. no. 2; by the Editor. ‘ L’Abeille,’ tome xii.,

livr. 4 and 5; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’

for April; by the Editors. ‘ Newman’s Entomologist’ and ‘The Zoologist,’

for April; by the Editor. ‘Exotic Butterflies, part 94; by W. C.

Hewitson, Esq.

Election of a Member.

Mr. William Lucas Distant, of Streatham Cottage, Dulwich, was balloted

for and elected an Ordinary Member.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited a number of young Mantide that had

emerged from an egg-case received from Ceylon, and remarked on their

great resemblance to those recently exhibited from Borneo.

Mr. Bond exhibited a locust which had been taken alive at the bottom of

a dry well near the Race Mill, Brighton. The species was uncertain.

Mr. Sealy read the following notes on the species of Ornithoptera exhibited

at the last Meeting :—

“The insect occurs in tolerable abundance along the coast of South

Malabar, Cochin, and Travancore. At the town of Cochin, where I live,

it is frequently seen. I have also observed it many miles inland, flying

over the trees in the low jungles at the foot of the Western Ghauts; but I

have not noticed it at any great height above the sea. In Cochin Ihave seen

it from March to August flying over the tops of the tallest cocoa palms,

occasionally descending to hover over the flowers—especially those of the

large scarlet Hibiscus, near which I have caught it in my own garden.

The males seem less common than the females, and seldom were perfect on

the wing. For several years I could get no information regarding the

larva; none of the natives knew it, but last monsoon I obtained it, and

during June and July many were collected; they fed upon Aristolochia

indica, and apparently upon it only. The larve were very splendid, of a

rich velvety black, with a lateral band and a saddle of white and red, very

roughly tubercled, and the tubercles tipped with red. I cannot from memory

attempt a closer description. A plate in ‘“ Wood’s Natural History ” of the

imago and larva of a species there given as Ornithoptera Amphrisius cor-

responds very closely with this Cochin species. But there seems some doubt

about itsidentity. On July 19, 1874, T obtained a large quantity both of larvee

and pup: the larve I fed upon Aristolochia, and many changed to pupe

From these many emerged before I left India (August 13), and others on

board ship from the pups I took with me. They appear to remain about

three weeks in pupa. The pupa possesses the power of making a curious

noise, like ‘‘ pha, pha,” and makes it very loudly when touched; the noise

is accompanied (perhaps produced) by a sharp contraction of the abdominal

segments. I thought at first it was merely produced by the rubbing of one

ring of the pupa case against the next, but the sound did not resemble a

mere frictional sound, it was more like the sound of the rush of air through

small holes, “pha, pha!” I tried to produce it with a dead chrysalis, but

failed: the pupa sometimes contracted on being touched without making

the noise, and appeared unable to make the noise until some time was given

to allow it to recover its vigour.

«A curious incident connected with this insect came under my notice

some years ago. In cleaning out the body of a female, I turned out a mass

of apparently mature eggs, but they all proved unfertile: soon after, in

operating upon another female, a slight pressure upon the body drove an

egg out from the oviduct, and a repeated pressure extruded a second, the

rest—20 or 830—would not come, and were taken out in emptying the body.

The two which had been pressed through the oviduct hatched, and all the

others shrivelled. I mention this as it seems a sort of confirmation of Von

Siebold’s observation respecting bees, that the fertilization of the egg takes

place on its passage through the oviduct. The two larve lived two or three

days, refusing every leaf I offered them; I did not then know Aristolochia

was the food-plant.”

Mr. Sealy also called attention to a peculiarity in the formation of the

hind wings of the male, specimens of which he exhibited, there being a large

pouch on the anal margin, filled with fluffy hair.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a letter he had received from an Englishman residing

in Pueblo, Colorado, U.S., stating that he had grown potatoes in various

parts of the Union, and that he was satisfied it was not necessary for the

potato beetle to have pieces of haulm to support him whilst crossing the

Atlantic, as he had found the insect in his potato pits, eating the tubers

sreedily; and that unless the English authorities took some steps to

prevent the importation of potato bulbs, he believed the beetle would soon

be in this country.

Mr. M‘Lachlan drew attention to the following remark by Lieut. W. L.

Carpenter, in his Report of the Zoological Collections made in Colorado

during the summer of 1873 (extracted from the Annual Report of the

U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey) with reference to the Colorado

potato beetle :—

«This insect is still marching eastward, not a single specimen having

been seen west of the dividing-ridge. It is probable that, should the potato

be cultivated on the western water-shed, it would be free from the ravages

of this destructive insect for a number of years; but that it would ultimately

make its appearance in that region through the agency of the seed. This

I believe to be the manner of their introduction to distant localities, as they

are sluggish travellers, and quite incapable of spreading so rapidly by their

own instinct. This belief is further sustained by their continued absence

from the Salt Lake basin, occasioned by the cheapness of vegetables in the

Mormon settlements excluding the importation of potatoes from Colorado.

Not found at a greater altitude than 8000 feet.”

Mr. Bates believed the distribution of the beetle depended more upon

climatic conditions. The native home of the insect was the eastern

plateaus of the Rocky Mountains, as far south as Mexico, and the climate

of the West Coast of America being much more like the West Coast of

Europe, their Faunas also bore a greater resemblance. He believed the

absence of the insect from the west of the Rocky Mountains to depend upon

the difference of climate, and the same cause might be expected to prevent

the establishment of the insect in countries where the moisture of the

atmosphere would probably be fatal to it.

Mr. Stevens remarked that on different occasions he had received the

insect in great numbers in bottles from Orizaba.

Paper read.

Mr. Edward Saunders communicated the first part of a ‘Synopsis of

British Hemiptera (Heteroptera).”

May 3, 1875.

Sir Srpney SuirH SaunpeErs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft

in Wien,’ band xxiv.; presented by the Society. ‘Tijdschrift voor Ento-

mologie,’ decl. xviii., afl. 2; by the Entomological Society of the Nether-

lands. ‘Annales de la Societé Entomologique de Belgique,’ tome xviii.,

fasc.1; by the Society. ‘Report of the Entomological Society of the

Province of Ontario for the year 1874;’ by the Society. ‘Sepp’s Neder-

landsche Insecten,’ decl. iii., nos. 25—36; by the Author, Dr. 8. C. Snellen

van Vollenhoven. ‘Recherches sur les phénonemes de la digestion chez

les Insectes;’ by the Author, M. Félix Plateau. ‘The Distribution and

Correlation of Fossil Insects, and the supposed Occurrence of Lepidoptera

and Arachnida in British and Foreign Strata, chiefly in the Secondary

Rocks;’ by the Author, the Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S. ‘The

Canadian Entomologist,’ vol. vii., no. 38; by the Editor. ‘L’Abeille, 1875,’

livr. 6; by the Editor. ‘Nyer Slegter og Arter af Saltvands-Copepoder,’

af. Axel Boeck; ‘Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum Fasciculus I.

Catalogum Hemipterorum et Orthopterorum continens,’ auctore H. Siebke ;

‘ Bidrag til Kundskaben om Dyrelivet paa vore Havbanker,’ af G. O. Sars ;

‘Bemerkninger om de til Norges Fauna hoerende Phyllopoder,’ af G. O.

Sars; ‘Om en dimorph Udvikling samt Generations vexel hos Leptodora,’

af G. O. Sars; by the Royal University of Norway, Christiana. ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Royal Society,’ no. 160; by the Society. ‘Newman's

Entomologist’ and ‘The Zoologist,’ for May; by the Editor. ‘The Ento-

mologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ for May; by the Editors. ‘ Illustrations of

the Zygznide and Bombycide of North America,’ by Richard H. Stretch ;

by the Author.

Election of Member.

On the recommendation of the Council, Professor Hermann Burmeister,

of Buenos Ayres, was unanimously elected an Honorary Member of the

Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

The President exhibited specimens of Stylops taken by himself, in the

pupa state, in Andrena atriceps, at Hampstead Heath, on the 6th, 9th and

17th of April last. Mr. I’. Enoch, who had been there on the 6th, at an

earlier hour (between nine and ten o'clock), had been still more successful,

having captured as many as seventeen males, one of which, however,

was taken after 2 p.m. The President drew attention to the remarkable

difference observable in the cephalothorax of the females in these specimens,

as compared with those met with in Andrena conyexiuscula, and remarked

on the importance of not confounding the species obtained from different

Andrene; Stylops Spencii having been derived by Mr. Pickering from

A. atriceps, and figured by Professor Westwood, in the first volume of the

‘ Transactions’ of this Society, while those obtained by Mr. Thwaites from

A. convexiuscula had been associated with his name in a monograph of the

family by the President in the volume for 1874, under the name of Stylops

Thwaitesii.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read an extract from a Report made to the Royal Society

on the Natural History of Kerguelen’s Island by the Rev. A. E. Eaton,

who was attached, as naturalist, to the Transit of Venus Expedition to the

island. Nearly all the insects were remarkable for being either apterous or

with greatly abbreviated wings. There were two Lepidoptera, one (only a

larva) probably belonging to the Noctuina, the other to the Tineina. Of

the Diptera, one species had neither wings nor halteres; another lived

habitually on rocks covered by the tide at high water, and its larva fed upon

a species of sea-weed. All the larger Coleoptera seemed to have their elytra

soldered together. Mr. M‘Lachlan said that the theory as to the apterous

condition of the insects was, that the general high winds prevailing in those

regions rendered the development of wings useless; and Mr. Jenner Weir

remarked that the apterous condition was correlated with the fact that plants

under similar circumstances were apetalous and self-fertilising ; and hence it

was supposed that the existence of winged insects was unnecessary.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a Chekanops, of which he had discovered

two specimens under the elytra of Passalus punctiger, from Rio Janeiro,

Xill

thus confirming the statement that these insects attach themselves to the

bodies of other insects after the manner of Acari.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse also exhibited a drawing of a Neuropterous insect

of the family Ascalaphide, from Swan River, presenting the peculiarity of

having a large bifid hump on the basal segment of the abdomen dorsally,

each division of the hump bearing a crest of hairs. He believed it to be

the male of Suphalasca magna, M/‘Lachlan.

Mr. Wormald exhibited a collection of Neuroptera, &c., from the neigh-

bourhood of Yokohama, received from Mr. H. Pryer. It contained several

interesting species of Panorpide, including a new genus of that family,

according to Mr. M‘Lachlan; fine species of Osmylide, &c. Amongst the

Trichoptera was a remarkable species of the genus Perissoneura, black with

a large white spot in each wing, deceptively resembling a butterfly, especially

an Ithomia.

A note was received from Mr. Albert Miiller, stating that the galls taken

by Mr. W. Cole on ash-leaves at West Wickham, as stated in the ‘ Pro-

ceedings’ of this Society for 1874 (p. xix.), were produced by Cecidomyia

botularia, Winnertz, and that a life-history of the fly was given by him in

the ‘ Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1870 (p. 1781), and reprinted in ‘ Newman's

Entomologist’ (v., pp. 248—250). .

Professor Westwood communicated ‘“ Descriptions of some New Species of

Short-tongued Bees belonging to the genus Nomia, Latreille”; and also a

paper “ On the Species of Rutelide inhabiting Eastern Asia and the Islands

of the Eastern Archipelago.”

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse communicated a description of a new species

belonging to the Lucanide (Prosopoccelus Wimberleyi), by Major F. J.

Sidney Parry; and also a description of the male of Alcimus dilatatus, by

himself.

June 7, 1875.

Sir Sipney SuirH SAaunpDERs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ no. 161; presented by the

Society. ‘ Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,’ tome vii., txt §

by the Society. ‘Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen

Gesellschaft,’ vol. iv., nos. 6 and 7; by the Society. ‘Stettiner Hntomo-

logische Zeitung,’ tome xxxvi., nos. 4—6; by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de

la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Année 1874,’ no. 3; by the

Xiv

Society. ‘Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences,’ vol. ii.,

nos.3 & 4; by the Society. ‘A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the

Trichoptera of the European Fauna,’ by Robert M‘Lachlan, F.L.S., &e.,

part ii.; by the Author. ‘The Canadian Entomologist,’ vol. vii., no.4; by

the Editor. ‘Revision de la Monographie des Elatérides,’ par Ernest

Candéze, M.A., &e., le fase.; by the Author. ‘Du Doryphora decem-

lineata,’ par A. Prudhomme de Borre; by the Author. ‘ Descriptions of

American Lepidoptera,’ nos. 2—5; ‘Remarks on Dr. Boisduval’s “ Lepi-

’ ?

doptéres de la Californie”;’ ‘A Supplement to the “ Descriptions of

American Lepidoptera”;’ by the Authors, A. R. Grote and C. 'T. Robinson.

‘On the Cotton Worm of the Southern States (Aletia argillacea, Hiibner);’

‘Descriptions of North-American Moths;’ by the Author, A. R. Grote.

‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ for June; by the Editors.

‘Manuscript Notes from my Journal, or Illustrations of Insects, Native and

Foreign— Diptera or Two-winged Flies,’ by Townend Glover; by the Author.

‘Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1873’; ‘Annual

Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the

Territories embracing Colorado, being a Report of Progress of the Explora-

tion for the year 1873,’ by F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist; by the

Author. ‘Coleopterologische Hefte,’ Heft. xiii.; by the Editor, Baron E.

y. Harold. ‘The Journal of the Linnean Society,—Zoology, no. 59; by

the Society. ‘ Newman’s Entomologist’ and ‘'The Zoologist,’ for June; by

the Editor. ;

By purchase ;—‘ The Zoological Record for 1873.’

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. Briggs exhibited bred specimens of Zygena Meliloti, accompanying

them with the following remarks :—

“In 1872 and 18738 I reared young larve of Z. Meliloti from the New

Forest, up to and through hybernation, but they died in the following

springs; and these larvee, from the minuteness of the markings on the

ground colour, showed a great distinction from the young larve of Z. Tri-

folii of the same age.

“Last year (1874) I found small specimens of Z. Trifolii in company

with Z. Meliloti. I therefore took especial care that the eggs I reared were

from four typical pairs of (the New Forest) Z. Meliloti, found in copula;

the eggs were (in all four cases) larger than the eggs of Z. Trifoliima

peculiarity I had remarked in previous years. Several of the moths I found

difficult to refer with any degree of certainty to either (?) species. In the

autumn many of the young larve had developed markings like those of

Z. Trifolii.

“This spring (having failed in my two previous attempts), I put the

Z. Meliloti, of which about thirty out of three hundred survived the winter,

into a greenhouse, and in the result got nine pups ; the major portion of the

twenty-one others fed and grew with their companions for a while and then

hybernated again. Of the nine pups six have now hatched and produced

full coloured specimens of the small Z. Trifolii that I found in company with

Z. Meliloti last year.

“ The following questions suggest themselves :—

(1) Is the Z. Meliloti of the New Forest a separate species or a dwarfed

form of Z. Trifolii ?

(2), If a dwarfed form, did the additional greenhouse heat aid in de-

veloping it ?

(3). If a separate species, can the specimens I bred from have paired

with Z. Trifolii previously ?

“‘T may add that I have compared M. Boisduval’s description of the

continental Z. Meliloti with the New Forest insect, and they do not agree

in several particulars; and I have inspected the British Museum specimens

of continental Z. Meliloti, and they also differ from the New Forest insect—

especially in the form of the wings. The fact of the hybernation of the

larva for a second year seems common. I have found it with Z. Trifolii

and Z. Meliloti during the last three years, and it has been recorded of

Z. Loniceree. Out of one hundred larve of Z. Trifolii that survived last

winter I obtained twenty-five pups (most of which are out); about twenty

died, and the rest resumed hybernation, in the first week in June, ina

greenhouse, the average daily temperature of which is 75°, and are now

hybernating and apparently healthy.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that the insects of the genus hybridized very

freely, and alluded to the possibility of their pairing more than once.

Mr. W. A. Lewis had noticed that Z. Meliloti was by far the commonest

insect in the part of the New Forest which forms its head quarters, and that,

as it appeared to have been only discovered there of late years, it might be

a stunted form which had been developed recently. Mr. Weir said that he

had taken the insect twenty years ago in Tilgate Forest.

The Rey. A. E. Eaton exhibited the insects recently taken by him in

Kerguelen’s Island. There were about a dozen belonging to the Coleoptera,

Lepidoptera and Diptera, besides some specimens of bird-lice and fleas.

Mr. Briggs exhibited a specimen of Halias prasinana, which when taken

was heard to squeak very distinctly, and at the same time a slender filament

‘issuing from beneath the abdomen was observed to be in rapid motion, and

two small spiracles close to the filament were distinctly dilated.

The President called attention to a living larva which he had that morning

extracted from the body of a stylopized female of Andrena Trimmerana, taken

at Reigate on the 4th of June,—this larva having a long attenuated telescopic

process at the anterior extremity, and two piceous reniform appendages

behind, like that of Conops, which he had frequently reared from Pompilus,

XVi

Sphex and Odynerus, as described by him in our ‘ Transactions’ (vol. iv.,

ser. 2, 1858, pl. 28). These larvee had also been met with in Bombus by

Latreille, Dufour and others, as well as in Osmia, but not in Andrena, which

moreover had been doubly victimized in the present instance, having the

greater portion of the abdomen preoccupied by another invader, and thriving

in spite of this and of the Conops larva subsequently lodged at the base.

The Secretary exhibited some specimens of a minute Podura forwarded to

him by the Secretary of the Royal Microscopical Society, having been found

on the snow of the Sierra Nevada in California.

Mr. I’. H. Ward exhibited some microscopic slides showing specimens of

a flea attached to the skin of the neck of a fowl, and which remained there

after the death of the fowl.

Papers read, éc.

Prof. Westwood communicated descriptions of a new genus (Allochotes) of

Clerideous Coleoptera from the Malayan Archipelago.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a paper entitled ‘A Sketch of our present Know-

ledge of the Neuropterous Fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and

Trichoptera).”

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part 1 of the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society for 1875 was on the table.

July 5, 1875.

Sir Sipney SuitH SAaunpDeERs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors :

—‘ Fedtschenko’s Travels in Turkestan,’ tome ii., part 5—Neuroptera, by

R. M‘Lachlan; presented by the Author. ‘Proceedings of the Scientific

Meetings of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1874, part iv.; 1875, part 1;

by the Society. ‘Seventh Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and

other Insects of the State of Missouri, made to the Board of Agriculture,

pursuant to an Appropriation for the purpose from the Legislature of the

State,’ by Charles V. Riley, State Entomologist; by the Author. ‘The

Canadian Entomologist,’ vol. vii., no. 5; by the Editor. ‘ Newman’s Ento-

mologist’ and ‘ The Zoologist,’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s |

Monthly Magazine,’ for July; by the Editors. ‘Exotic Butterflies,’ part 95 ;

by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

By purchase: —‘Skandinaviens Hymenoptera,’ bearbetade af C. G. |

Thomson, vol. iii., parts 1 and 2. |

XVII

The President announced the decease of Mr. Henry Doubleday, one

of the Original Members of the Society; and Mr. Stainton made some

remarks on his entomological labours, and on the great service he had

done for Entomology in correcting the nomenclature of the British Lepi-

doptera.

Election of Members.

Alfred Forbes Sealy, Esq., of Cochin, South India, and William Borrer,

jun., Esq., of Cowfold, Sussex, were balloted for and elected Ordinary

Members; and W. D. Gooch, Esq., of Spring Vale, Natal, was elected a

Subscriber.

Exhibitions, de.

Mr. Dunning remarked that the Ornithoptera bred by Mr. Sealy from

larve taken at Cochin, South India, and exhibited by him at a recent

meeting, had been identified as O. Minos.

Mr. Bond exhibited two specimens of a Curculio, sent by Mr. Griffin from

Nova Fribourgo, Brazil, which were attached to the same twig and were

both attacked by a fungus. Mr. Janson said that they belonged to the

genus Heilipus, and were well known to be subject to such attacks.

The President exhibited a lock taken from a gate at Twickenham entirely

filled with the cells of a species of Osmia, which Mr. Smith said was most

probably O. bicornis, of which he had known several instances in locks.

The larvee were still alive and healthy.

The President also exhibited an example of the minute Hylechthrus

Rubi, one of the Stylopidz, parasitic upon Prosopis rubicola, recently ob-

tained from briars imported from Epirus, and remarked upon a method of

expanding the wings of Stylopidz. In repose these wings were rolled up

in an elongate form; but he found that by pressing them gently forward

from below they suddenly became erect, and then easily retained an

expanded position. He further exhibited males and females of Spilomena

troglodytes (one of the Crabronidé) reared from bramble stems found at

Shere, in Surrey; also a series of Halictus nitidiusculus, stylopized, and

recommended entomologists going to the south coast in August to search

for stylopized Halicti, especially on thistles. Finally, he remarked on the

parasites of Osmia and Anthidium; and exhibited two specimens of the

Coleopterous genus Zonitis (Z. mutica and Z. bifasciata) reared from the

cells of Osmia tridentata, and a third (Z. preeusta) from those of Anthidium

contractum, which latter had also produced two species of Chalcidide

(Leucospis dorsigera and Eurytoma rubicola). He enumerated eleven

insects as attacking the same Osmia in various stages, of which he had

himself reared six species, including the two Zonites aforesaid, the other four

being Cryptus bimaculatus, Melitobia Audouini, Halticella Osmicida and

Chrysis indigotea; some of which had been recorded by Dufour and Perris,

together with Stelis minuta and two species of Diptera (Senometopia

spinipennis and Conops flavipes); two other Crypti (C. confutor and

C. signatorius) being cited by Dr. Giraud. The Zonitis devoured the egg

and pollen-paste whereon the Stelis also subsisted; the Chrysis, Crypti

and Senometopia fed upon the soft larvee externally ; Halticella was reared

within the more solid adult larvae, whose tegument, desiccated and black (as

in specimens exhibited) served for the hybernation of the parasite; the

Melitobia destroyed the nymph in its soft state by external attack, and the

Conops deposited its egg in the body of the bee itself after maturity.

Specimens of this Osmia alive, and of the briars from which they were —

produced, were also exhibited.

Mr. Champion exhibited a series of recently captured individuals of |

Chrysomela cerealis from Snowdon, its only known British locality. Mr. |

M‘Lachlan stated that he had recently seen this species in the Department

of the Sadne et Loire, in France, in great numbers, each ear of wheat

having several of the beetles upon it, and remarked on the singular nature _

of its sole habitat in Britain.

The Secretary exhibited nests of a trap-door spider containing living |

inmates, sent from Uitenhage, near Port Elizabeth, by Mr. Henry W. Bid- |

well, a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Cape of Good Hope. |

The nests were not (as is usual) in the earth, but in cavities in the bark of

trees, and the “ trap-door” appeared to be formed of a portion of the bark,

thus rendering it most difficult to detect the nests when in a closed condition. |

The Secretary was also informed that similar nests were constructed in

door-posts and other places.

Mr. Riley, State Entomologist of Missouri, exhibited sundry of the insect

pests that do so much damage in the State, including the army worm |

(Leucania unipuncta) and the Rocky Mountain locust (Caloptenus spretus),

and entered at some length into the habits of the latter insect, and the vast |

amount of destitution caused by it, stating that in a short period it devoured |

almost every living plant, leaving nothing but the leaves of the forest trees,

and converting a fruitful country into an absolute desert. From a know: |

ledge of the habits of the insect, and believing in its inability to exist in a |

moist climate, he had predicted that its ravages would not extend beyond a

certain line, and he had seen these predictions fulfilled almost to the letter.

Having noticed that hogs and poultry grew excessively fat from devouring

the locusts, and considering that the use of them as food for man would

tend to relieve some of the distress occasioned in the devastated districts,

he had, shortly before leaving St. Louis, organized a banquet, at which |

locusts, prepared in several ways (especially in the form of soup), were

served up, and they were pronounced to ‘be excellent. He distributed

a number of baked locusts among the members present, but did not)

recommend them for food in that state, as the chitinous external

Kix

tegument and the spines required to be removed before they were fit

for digestion.

Mr. Riley also stated that he was very desirous of taking a supply of the

cocoons of Microgaster glomeratus to America, to lessen the ravages of the

larve of the genus Pieris on that continent, and he would be greatly

obliged to any entomologist who could assist him in obtaining them.

Papers read, de.

The following papers were communicated :—

“ Descriptions of new Heteromerous Coleoptera belonging to the Family

Blapside.” By Professor J. O. Westwood, M.A., &c.

“Description of a new Species of Lucanide, with a Note on Lissotes

obtusatus.” By Professor J. O. Westwood, M.A., &c.

“Description of a new Species of Myriapod from the borders of Mon-

golia.” By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.

“Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Australia (Port Bowen).” By

Charles O. Waterhouse.

Mr. Hewitson forwarded a note respecting a paper by Mr. Butler in

the first part of the ‘Transactions’ for 1875, in which it was suggested

respecting Netrocoryne beata and N. denitza, that Hewitson’s figures of

those species [Eixot. But., vol. v.] were wrongly numbered. Mr. Hewitson

said they were numbered quite correctly, and that he believed they would

be found to be the sexes of N. beata.

The President stated that this was the last meeting that would be held

at Burlington House; and that due notice would be given to the members

when the arrangements at the new Rooms of the Society at 11, Chandos

Street, Cavendish Square, were completed; the Library having been already

removed to that place.

Mr. Dunning proposed and Mr. M‘Lachlan seconded a cordial vote of

thanks to the Linnean Society for the permission to hold the meetings at

their Rooms, so long enjoyed by the Entomological Society. This was

carried by acclamation.

November 3, 1875.

Sir Sipney Surry SaunDERs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

This being the first meeting of the Session, the President read the

following address :—

Gentlemen,—On the opening of our new Meeting Room and Library,

at the commencement of the present Session, it may be fitting to inaugurate

our reunion and installation here by a few introductory remarks.

Your Council has long been conscious of the many inconveniences

experienced from the former inaccessible position of our Library at Bedford

Row and its disconnection with our Meeting Room, conceded to us by

favour of the Linnean Society at Burlington House. The numerous

additions, moreover, to. our bibliographical collection having superadded

want of space to other exigencies, it has been deemed expedient to provide

for these requirements in combination with some other Society capable of

affording us adequate accommodation. .

By the unremitting exertions of our Secretary, Mr. Grut, this has

finally been accomplished; and although the advantages of bringing our

Library and Meeting Room into juxtaposition in a more central site must

necessarily involve a certain increase in our annual expenditure, it may not

unreasonably be anticipated that the beneficial influences resulting there-

from will not be confined to those only who now muster in our ranks, but |

will also constitute a source of attraction to others. |

Arrangements have likewise been made whereby, as already intimated

in convening this meeting, our Library will be open to Members and

Subscribers every Monday from two to seven o'clock, as heretofore, and on

every Wednesday and Friday from two to five o'clock, instead of one day in

the week.

I must also bring under your notice that we are indebted to the

liberality of one of our Members for a further-proof of the interest which

he has on several other occasions exhibited on behalf of this Society, in |

' providing for the entire expense of transferring our Library to this locality, |

as well as of the glazed book-cases and fittings requisite for its reception. |

In connection with these ameliorations it has been found necessary |

to alter the days hitherto appointed for our meetings from Monday to |

Wednesday, the former day in each week being already appropriated to the

meetings of the Medical Society. Our Anniversary Meeting, however, will |

still be held on the fourth Monday in January, as prescribed by the Bye-|

Laws, but at an earlier hour—namely, at five o'clock in the afternoon.

It has also been deemed opportune to revert to the former custom, as.

originally provided by the founders of this Society, of holding our meetings:

in the first week of each month throughout the year, instead of having

certain bi-monthly meetings to obviate the difficulty arising from the closing

of the rooms at Burlington House during the summer recess.

Having thus adverted to the changes made with a view to promote the

interests of this Society and the convenience of its Members, 1 would

further draw your attention to the expansion which it has been deemed

advisable to give to the usual custom of introducing friends at our

Xxi

meetings, by throwing open our doors to all entomologists indiscriminately

on this occasion as appertaining to one and the same system, actuated by

corresponding impulses, and influenced by similar attractions in common

with ourselves. Our policy is not one of exclusiveness, but rather that of

fostering and developing new sources of emulation from within and from

without, which can best be effected by cultivating a closer intimacy with

those who are fellow-labourers in the same field. To all such we tender

a hearty welcome.

I would venture, in conclusion, to suggest to some few of our most

esteemed Members, who are habitual absentees, the benefits which they

might be enabled to confer by returning to our horizon from their remoter

orbits in the realms of ether, and shedding new lustre upon our dis-

cussions.

» We are each of us more or less liable to be called upon in various ways

to satisfy the importunities of conventional obligations; and in looking

forward to the future as fraught with propitious augury, we must rely upon

the zealous co-operation of all to improve our vigour and efficiency.

We will now proceed, Gentlemen, to the ordinary business of the

evening.

On the proposal of Mr. Sheppard, seconded by Mr. Bates, it was agreed

that the thanks of the meeting be given to the Members of Council and the

Secretary for the trouble they had taken on behalf of the Society in making

arrangements for the new Meeting Room and Library, and in removing

and entirely re-arranging the collection of books. Also, that the thanks

of the meeting be given to the Member who had so generously aided

the Seciety by undertaking to provide the expenses of removal to Chandos

Street.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ vol. ii.,

part iii., nos. 83—5; part iv., no.1; ‘ Proceedings,’ vol. xvi., parts ii. and

iv.; vol. xvii., parts i. and ii.; presented by the Society. ‘Bulletin of

the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences,’ vol. ii., no. 1; by the Society.

‘Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,’ vol. xxx. in three parts,

N.S., Zoology, vol. i., part 1; by the Society. ‘Proceedings of the

Scientifie Meetings of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1875, parts

2and8; by the Society. ‘ Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,’

t. vil., trim. 2; by the Society. ‘Transactions of the American Ento-

mological Society,’ vol. v., sheets 1—14; by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de

la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1874, no. 4; by the

Society. ‘Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias exactas existente

XXll

en la Universidad de Cordova,’ entrega iv.; by the Academy. ‘ Hore

Societatis Entomologice Rossice,’ t. xi, no.1; by the Society. ‘ Mit-

theilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft,’ vol. iv.,

no. 4; by the Society. ‘Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Bel-

gique,’ t. xvill., fasc. 2; by the Society. ‘Coleoptera Jekeliana,’ livr.1 & 2;

by the Author, M. H. Jekel. ‘Statistique Scientifique d’Eure-et-Loir—

Lepidopteéres,’ par M. Achille Guenée; by the Author. ‘ Recensis Or-

thopterorum, Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linné, de Geer

et Thunberg,’ par C. Stal; by the Author. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,’ part 96 ;

by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esq. ‘Monthly Reports of the Depart-

ment of Agriculture for the year 1874,’ Washington, 1875. ‘A Mono-

graphic Revision and Synopsis of the ‘Trichoptera of the European

Fauna,’ by Robert M‘Lachlan, F'.L.S., part 3; by the Author. ‘ Rapporti

tra Insetti et tra Nettarii estranuziali in alcune Piante,’ di Frederigo

Delpino,; by Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P. ‘Notes sur des empreintes

d’Insectes fossiles decouvertes dans les schistes honillers des environs de

Mons,’ par A. Preudhomme de Borre; by the Author. ‘ L’Abeille,’ t. xii,

4 livr.; t. xiii, 4 livr.; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Quekett

Microscopical Club,’ no. 29; by the Club. ‘Proceedings of the Royal

Society,’ nos. 162 and 163; by the Society. ‘The Canadian Entomologist,’

vol. vii., nos. 6, 7 and 9; by the Editor. ‘Newman’s Entomologist’ and

‘The Zoologist,’ August—November;. by the Editor. ‘The Naturalist,’

nos. 2—4; by the Editor. ‘Transactions of the Watford Natural History

Society and Hertfordshire Field Club,’ vol. i., part 1; by the Society. ‘The

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ August—November; by the Editors.

‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ t. xxxvi., nos. 7—9; by the Society.

Election of Member.

M. Oscar Lamarche, of Liege, was balloted for and elected a Foreign

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, dc.

Mr. Boyd exhibited specimens of the mines of Heliozela sericiella. He

had succeeded in rearing the insects, by confining them with a young

oak-plant, and thus was enabled to discover their habits, of which nothing

had hitherto been known. The mines were formed in the foot-stalks of

the leaves.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a living apterous female of a Trichopterous

insect, Enoicyla (probably E. pusilla, Burm.). He had recently bred it,

with others, from cases forwarded to him by Mr. Fletcher, of Worcester, the

discoverer of the insect in this country. Mr. M‘Lachlan gave an account of

its structure and singular habits. The perfect insects emerge in November,

the males being furnished with ample wings.

XX1il

Mr. Champion exhibited examples of the following Coleoptera recently

captured by himself, viz., Cryptophagus populi (varying greatly in size and

colour) taken from the burrows of Colletes Daviesana, near Farnham,

Surrey; Orchestes semirufus, Gyll.? from Woking; Epurea neglecta,

beaten from faggot-stacks at Darenth Wood; and Psammodius porcicollis

from Whitsand Bay. The last-named had been taken by Mr. S. 8S. Walker.

Mr. Phipson exhibited a specimen of Catocala nupta, which had a number

of Acari attached to one of the anterior wings, instead of being attached to

the body as is usually the case.

Mr. Boyd exhibited a living Myriapod from the West Indies, which was

identified by Mr. Butler as a species of Spirobolus.

Papers read, de.

The Rev. H. 8. Gorham read descriptions of some new species and a new

genus of Endomychici.

Mr. Arthur G. Butler communicated “ A List of the Lepidoptera referable

to the Genus Hypsa of Walker's List, with Descriptions of some new Genera

and Species.”

Mr. Edward Saunders communicated a second part of his Synopsis of the

British Hemiptera-Heteroptera.

Mr. Charles O. Waterhouse read descriptions of some new genera and

species of Heteromerous Coleoptera (Helopida), chiefly from Tierra. del

Fuego. The specimens had been brought to this country by Mr. Charles

Darwin, and had been described many years ago by Mr. Waterhouse, sen.,

in a paper on the classification of the Heteromera; but the portion of the

paper containing the descriptions was unfortunately lost, and the insects

remained unnoticed till the present time.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

The second Part of the ‘Transactions’ of the Society for 1875 was on

the table.

December 1, 1875.

Sir Sipnrey SmirH SAaunpDERs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Mémoires de la Societe de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelles de

Genéve,’ tome xxiy., premiere partie; presented by the Society. ‘ Bulletin

de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1875,’ No. 1; by the

Society. ‘Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,’ vol. vii., trimes. 3 ;

XX1V

by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse,’

vol. ix., fasc. 2; by the Society. ‘ Verhandlungen des Vereins fur Natur-

wissenschaftliche Unterhaltung zu Hamburg, 1871—74;’ by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Session 1874-75 ; ‘ Additions to the

Library of the Linnean Society, 1874-75 ;’ by the Society. ‘Journal of

the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ vol. xi., pt. 2, no. 12; by the

Society. ‘A Collection of the Arachnological Writings of Nicholas Mar-

cellus Hentz,’ edited by Edward Burgess; by the Boston Society of Natural

History. ‘Mémoire sur les premiers états de l’Hepiale Louvette (Hepialus

lupulinus),’ par Xavier Raspail; by the Author. ‘Nouvelles Recherches

tendant a établir que le pretendu Crustace decrit par Latreille sous le nom

de Prosopistoma est un veritable insecte de la tribu des Ephemérines par le

Professeur N. Joly;’ by the Author. ‘Catalogo de los Insectos Chilenos

por Don E.C. Reed;’ by the Author. ‘L’Abeille,’ tome xii., livraison 16;

by the Editor. ‘Newman’s Entomologist’ for December; by the Editor.

‘Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for December; by the Editors. ‘The

Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Canadian Entomologist,’

no. 10; by the Editor. ‘Transactions of the Watford Natural History

Society and Hertfordshire Field Club,’ vol.i., part 2; by the Society.

‘The Naturalist: Journal of the West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’

Society,’ no. 5; by the Society. ‘Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques,’

no. 186; by the Editor. ‘La possibilité de la Naturalisation de la Lepti-

notarsa decémlineata, examince au point de vue de la concurrence vitale,’

par A. Preudhomme de Borre ;’ by the Author.

Election of Subscriber.

Thomas Chapman, Esq., of Buchanan Street, Glasgow, was balloted for

and elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. W. A. Forbes exhibited a variety of the Burnet Moth (Zygena

Filipendula), with yellow (instead of red) spots, of which he had bred several

from larve taken near Winchester. They were bred with others of the

ordinary colour; but he believed that the variety was natural and not caused

by extraneous circumstances.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited specimens of Anisotoma oblonga, Er.,

taken by himself near Farnham, and A. curta, Hairm., from Esher, Surrey. |

The latter was new to the British list. Also A. Algirica, a new species

taken by Mr. Rippon in Algiers. They had all been described by Mr. Rye |

in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for this month.

Mr. William Cole exhibited carefully-executed drawings of the pup of a

species apparently belonging to the Dipterous genus Ephydra, which he had

taken clinging to the stems of grass below high-water mark near Southend.

The water whence it was taken was brackish. He also exhibited the larve

and perfect insects in spirits.

The President stated, with reference to the numerous parasites found on

Osmia tridentata, that M. Jules Lichtenstein, of Montpellier, had recently

obtained the Zonitis preusta from the cells of this bee; and likewise the

EKuchalcis vetusta, Duf., from its desiccated adult larvee, in the same way

that Halticella Osmicida effects its metamorphosis, thus making the thir-

teenth parasite recorded as affecting this Osmia.

Paper read.

Professor Burmeister, of Buenos Ayres, communicated the description of

a new Coleopterous insect, which he had named Obadius insignis, in honour

of Professor Westwood on his attaining the seventieth year of his age, on

the 22nd December, 1875.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

The third Part of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1875 was on the table.

January be STG:

Sir Sipney Smite SaunpErs, C.M.G., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the

donors :—‘ Exotic Butterflies,’ part 97; presented by the Author, W. C.

Hewitson, Esq. ‘Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen

Gesellschaft,’ vol. iii., nos. 5 and 10; vol. iv., nos. 1 and 2; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow,’ vol.i., parts 1

and 2; vol.ii., part 1; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’

vol. xxvi., no. 164; by the Society. ‘I ’Abeille,’ 1875, liv. 17 and 18; by

the Editor. ‘The Zoologist,’ for January; by the Editor. ‘Newman's

Entomologist’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly

Magazine’ for January; by the Editors. ‘Proceedings of the Dublin

Election of Members.

Messrs. F. J. Horniman and D. G. Rutherford were balloted for and

elected Ordinary Members; and Professor W. Dickson, of Glasgow Univer-

sity, and Mr. F. Enock were elected Subscribers.

XXV1

Exhibitions, dc.

The Rev. R. P. Murray exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera taken by

himself in the Higher Alps, amongst which were some interesting mountain

varieties.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of a dragonfly, rare in this country

(Aischna mixta), which he had picked up, nearly dead, in his garden at

Upper Norwood in the middle of November.

Mr. Champion exhibited specimens of Coleoptera, viz., Aleochara hiber-

nica, Rye, taken at Slieve Donardh, Ireland ; Homalota egregia, Kye, from

Caterham; and Cryptophagus subfumatus, Gyll., taken in the London

district.

Papers read, &c.

Mr. H. W. Bates communicated a paper entitled “ Additions to the list

of Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan, with synonymic and other remarks.”

Mr. W. H. Miskin, of Queensland, communicated a description of a new

and remarkable species of moth belonging to the genus Attacus, of which

a male and a female specimen had been taken in the neighbourhood of

Cape York. He had named the species A. Hercules. The expanse of the

wings measured nine inches, and the hind wings were furnished with tails.

The specimens had been deposited in the Queensland Museum.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse forwarded a paper “ On various new Genera and

Species of Coleoptera,” belonging to the Geodephaga, Necrophaga, Lamel-

licornia and Rhyncdphora.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

Part iv. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1875 was on the table.

—_—~——-.--

XXVll

ANNUAL MEETING,

January 24, 1876.

Sir Sipnry Suir Saunpers, G.M.G., President, in the chair.

An abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts for 1875 was read by Mr. J. Jenner

Weir, one of the auditors, showing a balance of £286 Os. 11d. in favour of

the Society.

The Secretary then read the following :-—

Report of the Council for 1875.

In accordance with the Bye-laws the Council presents to the Society the

following report :—

Since the last annual meeting, 15 members and subscribers have been

elected, whilst 8 have been removed by resignation or death. The Society

has lost Henry Doubleday, one of the original members, and John Edward

Gray, a former President. Prof. Burmeister has been placed on the list of

honorary members, in the room of the late Prof. Zetterstedt.

The Transactions for 1875 contain 21 memoirs, besides an appendix on

Entomological Nomenclature, the whole forming a volume of 384 pages,

exclusive of the Proceedings, with nine plates. A donation of ten guineas

from Mr. Robinson-Douglas, to be applied to the publication of papers on

British or European Entomology, has been appropriated to Mr. Edward

Saunders’ Synopsis of British Hemiptera-Heteroptera; and the whole

expense of printing the paper on Nomenclature has been defrayed by the

author, Mr. W. Arnold Lewis.

The financial statement of the year may be summarized as follows :-—

RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS.

Contributions of Members - £190) Publications’ - - : - £141

Sale of Publications - - : 91| Rent and Office Expenses - : 94

Life Compositions - - : 31| Compositions Invested = 2 31

Interest on Consols’ - - : 6| Library’ - 5 : - = 5

Donations - = . - 28| Tea at Meetings : = : 12

£346 | £283

The unusually large balance in hand of £63 is, however, more apparent

than real, and the greater part thereof will be required to meet expenditure

in the Library, which has been already authorized. So long as the Library

XXVlll

remained in Bedford Row, few purchases were made for want of space ;

whilst its removal to Chandos Street is so recent that time has not sufficed

to do all that is desired. ‘The next step will be to place in the binder’s

hands every volume now unbound, and the Council has given instructions

to that effect.

The largely increased sale of the Society's publications is a satisfactory

feature of the financial summary. And the Council has resolved that, in

future, metropolitan members and subscribers who, in addition to their

subscription for the current year, shall at or before the April meeting pay a

further contribution of half-a-guinea, shall be entitled to a copy of the

Transactions for the year. In other words, a town member, by making this

additional fixed payment beforehand, will be able to place himself, as

regards the receipt of our publications, in the same position as a country

member.

The removal of the Society to its present abode and the re-union of our

Library and Meeting-room under the same roof are unquestionably the’

chief incidents of the year in the Society’s affairs. This has necessitated

an alteration in our day of meeting from Monday to Wednesday ; but on

the other hand the original practice of one scientific meeting in each month

throughout the year has been restored.

The Library has been re-arranged ; and some new book-cases have been

presented, for which, and for defraying all the expenses attendant upon

removal, the Society is indebted to Mr. Dunning.

One circumstance which greatly influenced the Council in the selection

of new rooms, was the opportunity afforded, by entering into friendly

relations with the Medical Society, of giving greater facilities for the use of

the Library. In the infancy of the Society, and when our books were few,

the requirements of the case were sufficiently met by a weekly attendance

of the Librarian ; but as our stores have accumulated until the Library has

become a valuable repository of works on all branches of our Science, it has

been increasingly felt that some new arrangement was required, and that to

keep the books inaccessible except on one day out of seven was a measure

to be justified only by dire necessity. Consulted or not consulted, the

books ought to be accessible ; and whether the privilege is much used or

little used, our members ought to have the power of consulting them, and

have a right to require that the Society shall do its utmost to render such

consultation possible. It is with great pleasure the Council announces

that, by availing ourselves of the services of the Sub-librarian of the Medical

Society, who resides on the premises, it will be feasible to have the Library

open every week-day from 1 to 6 p.m., and on the days of meeting till 9

p.m., either for purposes of reference or for borrowing books in accordance

with the Bye-Laws. It is with this view that the Council recommends the

election of Mr. Poole as Librarian,

XX1X

It deserves consideration whether it would not be desirable to make an

alteration in our Bye-Laws, by repealing the provision which excludes the

Librarian from the Council, appointing as Honorary Librarian one of our

own body, who shall be ex officio one of the Council, like the Treasurer

and Secretaries, and employing a salaried officer as Sub-librarian. The

Council will be glad to ascertain the opinion of members on this question,

with a view to taking action thereon during the ensuing year. In the

meantime, one of the Secretaries, or some other member of the Council,

will endeavour to attend at the Society's Rooms on the Wednesday in every

week.

The Council gladly avails itself of this opportunity to express its

appreciation of the self-denying manner in which Mr. Janson has facilitated

the new arrangements in connexion with the Library ; unable himself to

give a daily attendance at the rooms, he has not allowed his own interest

or desires to stand in the way or interfere with measures designed to extend

the usefulness of the Society. He retires, not without regret, from an

office to which he was first elected in 1850; what was then a mere handful

of books has, during his custodianship, expanded into a library not un-

worthy of the Society ; and the Council feels sure that his services of more

than a quarter of a century will receive at your hands the recognition they

deserve.

The Librarian is not the only officer who retires. The Treasurer and

the junior Secretary do not desire re-election; and the Bye-Laws require

us to choose a new President.

It is seldom that so many changes occur simultaneously in the Society’s

staff. But in electing Prof. Westwood to the chair, the traditions of the

past will be preserved ; and relying on the co-operation of all the members,

the Council has confidence in the future of the Society, whose continued

prosperity betokens a widening sphere of usefulness.

January 24, 1876.

The following gentlemen were elected Memibers of Council for 1876 :-—

Sir John Lubbock, Bart., Sir Sidney Smith Saunders, Professor Westwood,

and Messrs. H. W. Bates, A. G. Butler, G. C. Champion, J. W. Dunning,

F. Grut, R. McLachlan, R. Meldola, Rev. R. P. Murray, H. T. Stainton,

and J. Jenner Weir.

The following officers were elected for the year 1876 :—President,

Professor Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., &e.; Treasurer, Mr. J. Jenner Weir ;

Secretaries, Messrs. F. Grut and R. Meldola; Librarian, Mr. W. E.

Poole,

XXX

The President then read the following Address :—

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

The recurrence of our Anniversary Meeting calls

upon me to mention some of the principal subjects which have

occupied the attention of our fellow-labourers at home and abroad

during the past year; and, in epitomising the results of their

investigations, to render these materials available as an induce-

ment to prosecute further researches in that branch of Natural

History to which this Society is specially devoted.

With the full consciousness of our obligations to the Linnean

Society for the facilities afforded us by the use of their rooms

during a considerable period; and, no less so, of the kindred

relations which still unite us in the future; we cannot but

congratulate ourselves in having now attained an independent

position, and established ourselves upon a footing immeasurably

superior to that of any antecedent period, with corresponding

assurances of the beneficial influences derivable therefrom.

In fact we seem, as it were, to have just emerged from a

state of arrested development; and we may confidently look to

this transition for new elements of vigour and vitality in the

expansion of our scientific energies.

You will have learned from the Report of the Council that the

accounts of the past year show a satisfactory balance of receipts

over expenditure; and that it is intended to afford further

facilities of access to our Library by the appointment of a resident

Librarian; Mr. Janson, who has occupied this post for so many

years, and who has proved so efficient on all occasions, being

unable to devote more of his time than hitherto to this important

object; and, furthermore, that the Council have decided to reduce

the price of our publications for all Metropolitan Members residing

within a circuit of fifteen miles, to a fixed contribution, at their

option, of half-a-guinea per annum, with free delivery at their

respective residences.

XXX1

OBITUARY.

I have had occasion to bring under your notice during the past

year the losses we have sustained by the death of two eminent

Members of our Society, on whom appropriate panegyrics were

delivered by Professor Westwood and Mr. Stainton.

Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, who died on the 7th of March last,

aged seventy-five, had filled the post of Keeper of the Zoological

Collection in the British Museum since 1840, which post he

resigned a few months before his death. The vast number of

papers which have emanated from his pen, and which have borne

him a rich harvest of renown in the field of Science, are a standing

record of his indefatigable assiduity; and although his literary

labours were principally devoted to other branches of Natural

History, the department of Entomology was indebted to him for

much effective support in his official capacity; and he occupied

the Presidential Chair of this Society in 1858 and 1859.

Henry Dovusuepay, well known as a Lepidopterist of the

highest repute, died on the 29th of June last, in his sixty-seventh

year. Notwithstanding his profound acquaintance with that order

of insects to which he had attached himself from early youth, his _

writings have been limited to fragmentary records in various

periodicals, with the exception of his ‘Synonymic List of British

Lepidoptera,’ published in 1850, whereby he sought to reconcile

the many discrepancies between the names then in use among

Lepidopterists at home and abroad, and to harmonise these dis-

cordant elements as an essential prelude to international concert.

He was one of the few remaining original Members of this Society,

and had lived a retired life for many years past at Epping, where

he died esteemed and lamented by all who knew him.

Economic Enromonoey.

The life-history of the Phylloxera has been already explained

on a former occasion; and Mr. Riley, the State Entomologist of

Missouri, whom we had the pleasure to welcome at one of our

meetings, furnishes a corresponding epitome of the same in his

Seventh Report for 1875. No inexpensive method of extirpating

the evil has been found practically available on an extensive scale,

excepting the process of submersion, where feasible ; but the most

important results have been obtained by the substitution of certain

all

XXX

American stocks not subject to such attacks, which have success-

fully resisted invasion by the Phylloxera in the most contaminated

localities ; and which, as exempt from root-disease, may be advan-

tageously grafted with any of the more susceptible and appreciated

French varieties.

The satisfactory progress of such experiments during the last

two years has been brought to the notice of the French Ento-

mological Society by M. Jules Lichtenstein, of Montpellier (14th

July), and may be held sufficient to justify the belief that the use

of such stocks will serve to re-establish the prosperity of viticulture

in the South of France.

The notion entertained by the last-named persevering observer—

that the winged agamous females of the Phylloxera vastatrix resort

from the vines to the Chermes oak to deposit their eggs or so-called

pupe, has been shown to be so far fallacious, that, as Mr. Riley

observes, this species of oak not existing in America, the Phyl-

loxera must there migrate to some other tree; in which cases

the sexual race derivable therefrom, as well as the progeny of

the latter, being apterous, and having no means of returning

to any distant vines, ‘must inevitably perish,” as in all other

instances when, not unfrequently, borne away from their accus-

tomed sites. On the other hand, the spreading of the disease

from patch to patch, and from one locality to another, with un-

molested intervals, has been plausibly ascribed to the progeny of

the winged type when alighting on the vines; and indeed could

hardly be effected otherwise.

As regards the proper definition of the eggs or pupe deposited

alike by the winged and apterous mothers of the sexual progeny,

Mr. Riley terms them “ eggs or egg-like bodies,” and contends for

the former appellation ‘‘ because, when first laid, they are trans-

parent with homogeneous contents; while the sexual individual

developes within the covering very much as the embryonic larva

developes within the egg” (p. 91, note). M. Lichtenstein main-

tains his former designation of pupe, as giving birth at once to

the mouthless sexual race, without any intermediate condition;

the tegument being also of a silky or cottony character, differing

from the ordinary egg-shell.*

The American potato-beetle—best known to Science as the

Doryphora decem-lineata, although otherwise designated by

* Vide Proceedings of Ent. Soc. Fr., July 14, 28, and Aug. 11,

XXX1l1

various authors—has now reached the Atlantic sea-board at

several points, as conspicuously announced in the first page of

Mr. Riley’s ‘Seventh Annual Report on the Noxious and Bene:

ficial Insects of the State of Missouri’ for 1875.

Various discussions have taken place in entomological circles

abroad during the year, as to the nature and extent of the

precautions which may be deemed fitting to guard against the

introduction of this pernicious insect;-and, at the instance of

the French Minister of Commerce, M. Milne-Edwards has sub-

mitted a Report upon this subject to the Académie des Sciences

at Paris, published in the ‘Comptes Rendus’ of that Institution.*

The Belgian Entomological Society has also devoted con-

siderable attention to this important topic, and has published in

its ‘Annales’ communications from Dr. J. L. Leconte, of Phila-

delphia, Dr. Hagen and others, reposing mainly on information

derived from Mr. Riley’s previous Reports.

By the additional information now supplied we learn that,

according to previous computations, the Doryphora would have

reached the Atlantic four years later; this increased speed being

attributed to the aid which the beetles obtained ‘‘in their onward

course, from ships on the lakes and from cars on the railroads.”

Mr. Riley adds that “those who have watched the insect’s gradual

spread during the past seventeen or eighteen years from its native

Rocky-Mountain home to the Atlantic, and have seen how the

lakes, instead of hindering its march into Canada, really accele-

rated that march, by affording carriage on vessels, rafters and

other floating objects, can have no doubt that the danger felt by

our transatlantic friends is real.”

He reiterates his opinion that, if the Doryphora ever obtains a

footing in Europe, “it will most likely be carried there in the perfect

beetle state ;” in support of which opinion he observes that “ while

the beetle, especially in the non-growing season, will live for months

without food, the larva would perish in a few days without fresh

potato-tops, and would (he believes) starve to death in the midst

of a barrel of potatoes, even if it could get there without being

crushed; for, while it so voraciously devours the leaves, it will

not touch the tubers. The eggs could only be carried over on

the haulm or on the living plant ;” the former, “on account of its

* «Rapport sur les mesures proposées pour prevenir, en France, l'invasion des

Doryphores qui attaquent la pomme de terre’ (t. Ixxx., No. 10, p. 609—Mars 15).

XXXIV

liability to rot,” not being “used to any extent in packing:” the

only other possible danger being that of conveying the insect “ in

sufficiently large lumps of earth, either as larva, pupa, or beetle ;”

which he considers may be effectually prevented by requiring the

American dealers “carefully to avoid the use of the haulm or

straw, and to ship none but clean potatoes, as free as possible

from earth.”

He continues to dwell upon the importance of furnishing vessels

“with cards giving illustrated descriptions of the insect in all its

stages ;” in order that “the passengers and crew may destroy any

stray specimens that may be found” on board,—a precaution

which, he states, has recently been adopted by the German

Government. He, however, ridicules the idea that the beetle

would not become readily acclimatized in this country if imported,

and is “decidedly of opinion that they delude themselves who

suppose that this Doryphora could not thrive in the greater part

of Europe; and that to abandon all precautionary measures

against its introduction, on such grounds, would be the height of

folly.”

He adds, with much plausibility, that an insect which has

spread so widely in America and in such different latitudes—“ in

fact wherever the potato succeeds”—is not likely to “be dis-

comfited in the potato-growing districts of Europe.”

Mr. Riley also refers to ‘‘ many authenticated cases of poisoning

by the fumes from the scalded insects ;” but does not ascribe such

results to the so-called “‘ Paris Green” (arseno-acetate of copper)

employed in a diluted form with flour and water as a remedial

measure. On the contrary, he states that since this “‘mixture came

into vogue we have heard much less of potato-bug poisoning.”

Dr. Leconte and others have entertained suspicions as to the

deleterious effects of the arsenious acid upon the soil and upon

the tubers themselves; but Mr. Riley contends that there is

nothing to fear from the mixture in the highly diluted state now

commonly adopted; and he appeals to the experience of the past

six years, during which millions of bushels of potatoes have been

thus raised, without any injurious consequences to the tubers or

to the consumers.

XXXYVY

Hasits AND INSTINCTs.

In the whole sphere of animal existence no domain offers a

wider scope for the physiologist than the study of insect life, with

its wonderful phases, its diversified instincts, and inexhaustible

display of functional appliances. It is indeed from the life-

history of such tribes and individuals that the most instructive

lessons may be derived, as serving to exemplify the part which

each is called upon to fulfil in the economy of the universe, and

leading by induction to many important inferences bearing upon

abstract theories of speculative philosophy. If, in fact, we limit

our investigations to mere distinguishing characteristics, without

extending our inquiries any farther, we are but taking a cursory

glance at the index to Nature’s great work, without looking to

the more profound and interesting phenomena recorded in the

text.

It has been the fashion of the day to elaborate new theories of

development from antecedent epochs, and to attribute to adven-

titious circumstances all the marvellous results we now witness

throughout Nature’s realm. When, however, it becomes essential

to reconcile hypothetical argument with the stern logic of facts,

we find the Coryphei of the Evolutionary Propaganda at variance

among themselves on fundamental principles: some of these, of

the most advanced school, demonstrating, to their own entire

satisfaction, the doctrine of ‘spontaneous generation’ as an

essential element of new life, to be subjected in process of time

to all the multitudinous ‘ differentiations’ which their theory

involves; and, in the climax of their enthusiasm, expounding the

utter incompatibility of low forms of life remaining unchanged for

illimitable periods amid their influential ‘environments’: while

others—their compeers—censured for such irrational conceptions

and illogical inferences as untenable assumptions — potently

develop the fallibility of those impulsive convictions to which the

former have thus triumphantly pinned their faith.

But by whatsoever imparted faculties and inherent tendencies

the principles of Biology may be governed and maintained, the

more we attend to the functional relations of the several races, as

intimately associated with those structural endowments with which

they are so eminently gifted, according to the exigency of their

respective requirements, the more competent shall we become to

XXXVI

form an independent opinion on those abstruse problems of

descent and inheritance, the solution of which, to be consistent

with such doctrinal precepts, cannot be held to affect the past

alone, without involving the future also in the same overruling

destinies.

Mr. Douglas has lately told us*‘—on the authority of one of our

most esteemed Entomologists, the late J. F. Stephens—that

predilections for particular orders of insects are apt to prevail in

cycles,—that at one period the taste for one of these orders would

seem to predominate, and for another. at some other period; and

he calls attention to the neglect which has befallen some of these

in this country, and to the fields which lie fallow in consequence.

This must be deemed the more surprising as regards the

Hymenoptera—to which he first adverts—which Kirby has

dignified “‘as the Princes of the insect-world,”’ + and which

present the greatest amount of intelligence, the most complex

variety of industrial resources, and the readiest access to observa-

tion and research. Yet how few of our entomologists, compara-

tively speaking, have enrolled themselves in the ranks of their

votaries, and how much recondite lore remains to be explored by

a careful study of their habits and instincts !

The Hemiptera and the Diptera are also comprised by Mr.

Douglas among the neglected class, where the harvest is plenteous,

but the labourers are few.

It is, however, more especially from that wider domain already

referred to, that we may look for the richest results,—when the

charms of the matured form alone shall prove less seductive to

the many,—when the study of economy and metamorphosis shall

plead greater attractions,—and when other incitements shall cede

the palm to those which embrace the intelligent principle and

functional discipline.

Sir John Lubbock has recorded in the ‘ Journal of the Linnean

Society’ (May, 1875, No. 69) various interesting experiments in

continuation of his “ Observations on Bees, Wasps, and Ants ;”’

tending to show that bees “do not communicate with their sisters

even if they find an untenanted comb full of honey,’—that, far

from exhibiting “any evidence of affection, they appear to be

*«The Cycles of Entomology,’ by J. W. Douglas (Ent. Mo. Mag., Sept. 1875,

p. 89).

+ ‘Introduction to Entomology,’ iv. p. 890 (5th edit.)

XXXKV11

callous and utterly indifferent to one another,”—that even “ their

devotion to their queen is of a most limited character,’—and

that their perception of differences of colour is incontestable,—a

deduction equally applicable to wasps.

Some experiments were also made “ with the view of ascertain-

ing whether the same bees act as sentinels.” Having found that

particular scents had the effect of calling the bees out, he marked

twelve, in all, of those which first appeared on several successive

days; and, in nine such experiments, “‘ out of ninety-seven bees

which came out first, no less than seventy-one were marked ones.”

He likewise tested some of the faculties attributed to ants, and

especially their “ power of communicating facts to one another,”

which his first recited experiments served to corroborate ; although

“some appeared to communicate more freely with their friends

than others,’ which did not summon their companions to assist

them.

By a further series of “ Observations” on these races, more

recently read before the Linnean Society, and communicated by

the author to ‘ Nature’ (No. 815, Nov. 11), we are also informed

that one ant made no less than 187 journeys in a day to carry off

larvee one by one, without bringing any other ant to assist her;

but, in other instances, a different result was witnessed, the ants

which had the heaviest task to perform having “ brought far more

friends to their assistance than those which had apparently only

two or three larve to remove,’—these latter being replaced by

others from time to time as each was carried off. Thus, “ of thirty

ants which were observed, those placed to a large number of larvee

brought 250 friends, while those placed to two or three larve

under similar circumstances only brought eighty.”

We also find that ants prefer a beaten track, however circuitous,

to hazarding a short cut by dropping even “ one-tenth of an inch;”’

but had retreat been cut off altogether, their ingenuity to devise

some other mode of escape might have been more sorely tested.

In these and other experiments upon the aforesaid social tribes,

the most striking evidence is afforded of the indefatigable industry

with which such observations have been closely followed up from

early morn to “ dewy eve,” and recorded with a precision rarely

if ever surpassed; thus affording an admirable illustration how

time may be stolen, as it were, for such objects, from other

vocations, by activity and perseverance. .

XXXV1l1

An interesting account of the habits and metamorphoses of a

new species of Sitaris (S. Colletes), parasitic, as its name implies,

on a species of Colletes (C. succincta, L.), has been given by M.

Valéry Mayet in the ‘ Annales’ of the French Kntomological

Society (Ser. 5, tome v., 1875), with two plates exhibiting the

various stages of both these insects, from larva to imago; and of

Epeolus tristis, Sm., obtained from the cells of this Colletes.

The primitive larva of the aforesaid Sitaris, as carefully de-

scribed and delineated in this memoir, is furnished with triwngui-

culate tarsal claws, like that of Meloé; whereas, in M. Fabre’s

remarkable life-history of Sitaris humeralis, the tarsi of the

latter, in this stage, are represented as terminating in a single

powerful claw (un ongle puissant, long, aigu, et tres mobile).*

The young larva of 8. Colletes is supplied with a caudal

apparatus (appareil fixateur, V. M.), consisting of two upeurved

spiked appendages attached to the base of the eighth abdominal

segment on the dorsal region, having a simultaneous action up

and down, between which are two tubular processes emanating

from a superincumbent plate and directed backwards, from whence

filaments issue from time to time when the larva desires to affix

itself to a hair of the bee or other object. Fabre, however,

appears to consider such filaments, in the larva of S. humeralis,

as ordinary caudal sete, which he describes as attached to the

exterior margin of the ninth abdominal segment (l. ¢., p. 310).

The Colletes-eg¢ is readily accessible to the young Sitaris, not

being deposited by the bee, as in the cells of Anthophora, upon

the honey-store itself, but affixed above this to the wall of the cell,

whereby the difficulty and danger to be incurred in reaching the

same, and the necessity of effecting this manceuvre at the moment

of oviposition, are avoided.

As this Colletes constructs her cells and deposits her eggs

in the autumn, the Sitaris-larve, soon after their birth, attach

themselves to their victims, instead of remaining, like those of |

S. humeralis, seven months fasting in suspense, from the end of —

September to the end of April, waiting for the Anthophore to

emerge from their hybernacula.

When more than one of these larvee occupy the same cell of the

Colletes, they fight with great ferocity until one alone remains,

the others being killed and thrown into the honey ; although it not |

* Ann. Se. Nat., 4e Ser. (Zool.), tome vii., 1857, p. 310; pl. 17, fig. 2.

XXX1X

unfrequently happens that even the victor in this strife, finding

the egg partially consumed by one of his former adversaries, and

consequently insufficient for his maintenance, shares the fate of

the vanquished ; but no such pugnacious dispositions are evinced

at other times when consorting together in multitudes. Such

contests are avoided in the cells of Anthophora, where a single

Sitaris-larva obtains possession of the egg unmolested at the

moment of oviposition on the honey itself—a circumstance upon

which M. Fabre comments as a wonderful display of instinct on

the part of these larve (I. c., p. 326).

The secondary larva of Sitaris Colletes which plunges into the

honey, continues to feed thereon until April or May of the

following year. It is destitute of eyes or ocelli, but still retains

the vestiges of legs, and is furnished with spoon-shaped mandibles,

acting alternately in the feeding-process. Eight or ten days after

ceasing to feed, the adult larva assumes the pseudo-chrysalis stage

of corneous consistency, within the detached but still closely

enveloping larval pellicle, which Fabre aptly compares to a bag of

fine gauze.

M. Valéry Mayet designates this stage as the “ pseudo-nymphe”’

—an appellation which he incorrectly attributes to Newport; for

the latter, in his several memoirs on the transformations of Meloé

(Linn. Trans., vols. xx., xxi.), always speaks of the “adult or

pseudo-larva,’—referred to in his last memoir as the only inter-

mediate stage in which he had found this insect (1. ¢., p. 177),—

for which stage M. Fabre has substituted the more appropriate

denomination of “ pseudo-chrysalide” (p. 356), as not giving birth

at once to the imago form, but evolving, within the indurated

tegument, a semi-active larval form, followed by an ecdysis of the

latter preparatory to assuming the condition of a true pupa or

nymph (p. 338). Neither he nor Newport ever allude to a pseudo-

pupa or pseudo-nymph, applicable rather to the aforesaid semi-

active stage, which Fabre was the first to notice, and which, from

its close resemblance to the antecedent larva, he designates as

la troisiéme larve.”

The pseudo-chrysalis of Sitaris Colletes exhibits this interior

metamorphosis—as seen through the semi-transparent corneous

tecument—after about ten weeks, towards the end of July or

the middle of August; the perfect beetle emerging usually the

following month; although in some rare instances—attributable,

as M. Valéry Mayet conceives, to insufficient nutriment in the

primitive stage, when the Colletes-egg has been partially tapped

by other competitors—the ultimate metamorphosis is protracted

until the autumn of the following year.

In Sitaris humeralis, however, such retardation is the general

rule; it being only in exceptional cases that some of these remain

scarcely more than a single month in the pseudo-chrysalis state,

completing their metamorphoses in August and emerging shortly

after. But they usually hybernate in the former stage; and it is

only in June of the second year that the interior quasi-larval form

is separated from the pseudo-puparium, and about five weeks later

becomes transformed to a true pupa-nymph—the same month, in

fact, when the adult larva had assumed its corneous tegument in

the previous year (Fabre, l.c., p. 3839—843). M. Valéry Mayet

recognises this pupa as “la véritable nymphe” (p. 75); therefore

the antecedent stage, or ‘‘troisi¢me larve” of Fabre—and not

his ‘‘ pseudo-chrysalide”—can alone constitute the pseudo-pupa or

“ nseudo-nymphe.”

Thus the Sitaris humeralis usually requires two years to com-

plete its metamorphoses, hybernating the first year in the primitive

larval condition, and the second in that of the pseudo-chrysalis ;

whereas the Sitaris Colletes, commencing its operations seven

months earlier, generally attains maturity within a single year.

The early transformations of two other species of Meloide have

also been investigated by M. Jules Lichtenstein, of Montpellier,

who succeeded in nurturing one of the primitive larvee of Meloé

cicatricosus on the egg of a Vespa vulgaris placed upon honey in

a glass tube, and in witnessing its first metamorphosis five days

later, when it plunged into the honey, but died after feeding

thereon twelve days.

This secondary form differed essentially from that of Meloé

described and figured by Fabre, apparently constituting an inter-

mediate stage, closely resembling the antecedent larva, but

destitute of caudal sete, with lacteous head and black eyes (the

subsequent stage being blind), looking hke a minute salamander

with its legs distended on the honey.

Experiments were also tried with the primitive larvee of the

blister-beetle (Cantharis vesicatoria), which could not be induced

to feed on the eggs of Vespa or Polistes, nor on simple honey,

beyond a few feeble attempts; but eventually they accepted the

xli

honey-bag of the hive-bee as an available substitute for their

ordinary food, affixing themselves to this and thriving thereon.

In one instance also a compound of honey and young Polistes

larvee proved equally successful.

These primitive larve are of a brownish black colour, with the

second and third thoracical and the first abdominal segments

more or less pallid, having the usual long caudal sete and

triunguiculate tarsal claws. After the lapse of nine days they

changed to the secondary form as aforesaid. Three of these

attained the third stage, having still well-developed legs (pattes

assez bien conformées), but with no indication of eyes, coinciding

in this respect with those of Meloé and Sitaris.* After a time,

becoming restless as adults, they were placed upon some earth,

wherein they hastily buried themselves, for the supposed purpose

of completing their transformations, but contrary, as it would

seem, to their accustomed habits. Here they appear to have

perished, being no longer discoverable; their death being attri-

buted to insufficient moisture.

From the localities frequented by this Cantharis, where the

burrows of Halicti also abound, M. Lichtenstein considers it

probable that the larve of the former are reared in the cells of

these bees; but, in such case, they could not quit those abodes to

undergo their ultimate metamorphoses in the earth.

Our attention has been called to a new trap-door spider from

South Africa, which forms its nest in the bark of trees, recently

described and figured by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge in the ‘ Annals

and Magazine of Natural History’ (November), under the name

of Moggridgea Dyeri.

The nests, however, figured by Mr. Pickard Cambridge, differ

essentially from two which were exhibited at the July meeting of

this Society ; these being wholly imbedded in the solid bark, and

having a hinged lid closely resembling the surrounding parts of

the cuticle itself, as if retained in sitd@; whereas, according to a

Las

fuller description of the nests submitted to Mr. Pickard Cam-

bridge—published in the ‘ Field’ newspaper of the 28th August—

they were stated to “consist of a silken tube, scarcely more than

an inch in length, rugged on the outside in such parts as may be

* Fabre, l.c., p. 334 (S. humeralis); p. 354 (Meloé). Valery Mayet, l.c., p. 74

(S. Colletes).

xlii

exposed, and formed in the folds and interstices of the rough

bark (‘Annals and Magazine,’ J. ¢., pl. x., fig. A),—the outer side

of the lid, like that of the exposed parts of the tube, exactly

resembling the surrounding surface of the bark.” One of these

tubes was ‘‘ constructed in the channelled groove of a piece of

wood which had apparently formed part of some building” (l. ¢.,

fig. B).

Other nests somewhat similar to those referred to by Mr.

Pickard Cambridge were exhibited by M. Lucas at a meeting of

the French Entomological Society (Noy. 10); the silken tubes—

carefully concealed by, and interwoven with, particles of bark—

constituting a longitudinal distension above the surface and ceding

to pressure. No reference, however, has been made in any of

these descriptions to tubes entirely hidden within the solid bark,

having only the lid exposed.

From the occupants of these novel abodes being destitute of

the spines with which the anterior extremity of the falces is

crested in allied races, assisting them to burrow in the earth,

Mr. Pickard Cambridge considers that these spiders, “ not being

furnished with the necessary implements,” fix ‘‘ upon a position

where excavation is needless.” But in the other instances referred

to, where the tunnel is equally short, scarcely penetrating beyond

an inch, and not corresponding therefore with that of any wood-

boring larva of similar dimenstons, the fortuitous discovery of

such a retreat would seem open to question; the fangs being

possibly more available than the spines on the falces for operating

upon the fibrous tissues, and an economy of labour being effected

by utilising any convenient receptacle, as frequently witnessed

among other excavators.

Some doubts have been entertained whether the access to these

domiciles is from above or from below. Mr. Pickard Cambridge

now inclines to the opinion that the hd is placed at the upper

extremity of the tube as usual, although evidence is wanting upon

this point.

An instructive account of the habits of this and other allied

species, comprising also the preliminary details published in

the ‘Field,’ has been given in ‘Newman’s Entomologist’ for

November last by the talented Editor of that periodical.

min

Puysto.Loay.

The remarkable insects collected at Kerguelen’s Island, and

exhibited at one of our meetings by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, the

Naturalist attached to the Transit of Venus Expedition to that

locality, have since been described in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly

Magazine,’ —the Diptera, together with a single Lepidopterous

specimen, allied to the Gelechiide, by Mr. Eaton ; the Coleoptera,

by Mr. C. O. Waterhouse.

These insects, mostly apterous, or furnished with rudimentary

wings (one of the Diptera, to which the name of Anatalanta

aptera has been assigned, having neither wings nor halteres),

coincide in this respect with many of those of the Madeira Fauna

described by Mr. Wollaston in his ‘ Insecta Maderensia;’ for which

a plausible explanation has been afforded in the circumstances

which impede the use of such organs in these exposed insular

abodes. A Report by Mr. Eaton has also been published in the

Proceedings of the Royal Society.

An elaborate Essay by M. Félix Plateau, Professor of the

University at Gand, on the Phenomena of Digestion among

Insects, has appeared in the ‘Memoires de l’Académie Royale

des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique’ (Tome,

xli. 1874), wherein many interesting facts elicited by his researches

are related; an abstract of which, compiled by the author, is

given in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ (August,

1875).

Dr. Miiller has recently published a paper* in the ‘ Bienen

Zeitung’ (July 2), whereof a summary appears in ‘ Nature’ (No.

814, Nov. 4), to which a sequel is promised hereafter; wherein

he treats of various groups of hymenopterous insects, “in which

we find a series of forms presenting more and more complex life-

relations, accompanied by a higher and higher mental organisa-

tion ;”’ the consideration of which gradations he considers ‘ cal-

culated to throw much light on the question— How has the honey-

bee acquired its remarkable instincts?”

* Dr. Miiller’s memoir appears to have been, in some respects, founded upon

Lepeleticr de Saint-Fargeau’s long-exploded classification in relation to “les

habitudes morales,” given in the ‘ Suites a Buffon’ (Hyménoptéres, i., pp. 81—89).

xliv

Commencing with the Tenthredinide, as “ amongst the lowest

of Hymenoptera,” exhibiting the simplest instincts in their mode

of oviposition on the plant upon which they themselves subsist ;

he passes on to the Cynipide, where we meet with a new mode

of life, their incision giving rise to the well-known galls; after

which, proceeding to the “insect-piercing species,” he considers

that “this passage from phytophagous to carnivorous habits has

not only led to the formation of many new species, but also to a

greater complexity in the relation of the parents to their young,

and to a higher intellectual development, which is shown espe-

cially in the arrangements made for the nourishment of the larve;

since it requires both greater energy and more intelligence to

discover and attack a particular species of insect than merely

to lay an egg on the plant which has served the mother herself

for nourishment,” the passage from the one to the other having,

as he conceives, “ been slow and gradual ;” and, ‘ on the basis of

this increased energy, intelligence, and adaptability,” a still

further advance was made by other groups, which, to secure their

eggs from molestation, transport their victims to a place of

security, involving certain difficulties with which many may have

found it impossible to cope. ‘‘ Thus the ovipositor of the Ten-

thredo became the sting of the wasp; and thus those species

which carried off their victim to a place of concealment would

abandon the habit of laying their eggs inside the victim.”

But the Tenthredinide can in nowise be regarded as inferior

in intellectual capacity to the Cynipidze, which exercise no con-

structive ingenuity in the production of their gall-tenements, as

exhibited by some of the former in the weaving of their reticulated

cocoons and other artistic performances; while the admirable

construction of their double-saws, whose “ various modifications

might furnish ideas for improved mechanical instruments,’* their

multicellular wings, and, in some instances, highly developed

furcate and pectinate antenne (Schyzocerus male, Lophyrus male)

stamp them as infinitely superior in structural organisation to

the Cynipide. Yet the natural affinities of these respective

families prescribe their relative sequence and precedence in

inverse ratio to their faculties and endowments.

As regards the “‘ insect-piercing species,” their restrictive action

* Westwood, Introd. Mod. Classif., vol.ii., 94, Kirby and Spence, Introd. to

Entom., vol. iv., p. 160 (5th Edition).

| et A

xlv

being diffused over a vast extent of insect-life, as compensating

influences against excessive fecundity, a multitude of these,

distributed throughout the whole range, serves to maintain due

equilibrium on either side; which is oracularly interpreted as

having “led to the formation of many new species:” but this

eroup consists of several very distinct races, the Ichneumonide,

especially those consorting with the Aculeate tribes, being con-

spicuously superior in energy and intellectual development to

the Chalcidide, next in succession, reputed higher in the scale of

structural organisation and affinity.

With respect to the further advance from the ovipositor to

the sting, the non-existence of the first-mentioned instrument

necessarily involves external deposition of the egg, with all the

concomitant requirements of protection for the latter in a closed

cell, and provision for the future progeny; but Dr. Miiller would

have us believe that, contrary to all analogy, some of the aforesaid

“‘insect-piercing” races “‘ carried off their victim to a place of

concealment,” and were thus led to abandon.the habit of laying

their eggs “‘ inside the victim,” when (as it would seem) still fur-

nished with the terebra, whose presence or absence must neces-

sarily determine, ipso facto, the mode of oviposition with its

accessories; this organ, however (as we are taught), becoming

converted into a sting by “slow and gradual” degrees, while, of

course, in the active and essential exercise of its appropriate

functions as an ovipositor, or otherwise not a single generation

of these reforming groups, now become industrious constructors

and purveyors, could have survived such transitional period ! *

Moreover, it is not to the sting alone, but to the whole struc-

tural development, that such contrasts extend ; comprising, inter

* Dr. Dewitz has lately shown that ‘“ the sting is distinguished in a remarkable

manner from the ovipositor of the grasshoppers, by the number, as Well as by the

attachment, of the muscles which move these apparatus. * * * The differences

arise, above all, from the dimensions, the forms, and the adherences of homologous

parts; and particularly from the different relations which the sheaths of the sting,

and the upper sheaths in Locusta, bear to the other parts.”—(‘On the Structure

and Development of the Sting and Ovipositor of some Hymenoptera and of Locusta

yiridissima.” By Dr. H. Dewitz—‘ Zeitschy. fiir wiss. Zool., 1875. Transl., ‘Ann.

and Mag. Nat. Hist., No. xcii., Aug., 1875, p. 154.)

Saint-Fargeau says of the sting—‘ Il ne sert qua déposer dans la plaie qwil fait

un acide plus ou moins actif, et n'a aucun rapport avec les parties de la genération ;

tandis que la tariére de la premiére section (Terebrantes, Latr.) est la prolongation

extéricure de Voviductus” (Loe. cit., p. 3, note).

xlvi

alia, peculiar differences in the venation of the wings, corre-

sponding among species ailied in other respects, but having no

functional advantage in the conservation of the race according

to the modification theory; such characteristic exponents, in this

and other orders, symbolizing the members of each kindred

association with remarkable precision, and serving, coincidently

with other indications, to determine their otherwise natural

alliances. Nor can it be averred that the relative expansion of

wing or velocity of flight offer any solution of these diversities in

the alary system; for the Tenthredinide, with their dilated

wings and complex venation, are among the most sluggish of these

races; while the Oxyuri, the Chrysidide, and some of the

Fossores, less amply endowed in these respects, are eminently

prone to energy and vivacity.

Dr. Miller, however, eventually demolishes his own super-

structure, of progressive acquirements as a reliable principle of

continuous advance to ‘‘more and more complex life-relations,

accompanied by a. higher and higher mental organization,” by

finally expressing his “‘ opinion that the various proceedings by

which the solitary wasps thus protect their young against con-

tingencies to which the insect-piercing species are liable, must

have at first been arrived at with a consciousness of the object to

be effected, but that they have gradually become instinctive, and

are now unconsciously inherited from generation to generation.”

Thus the ‘increased energy, intelligence, and adaptability,

which he adduces in the first instance as the ‘‘ basis” of such

advances made with a conscious object, have gradually lapsed

into a retrograde stage of degenerate unconsciousness of purpose,

merging into the more familiar phases of hereditary habit;

although, as he subjoins, “it is impossible to watch a wasp at

work without feeling that, with these inherited customs, or so-

called instinct, much individual effort also comes into play.”

We have yet to wait for his ulterior comments on the instincts

of the honey-bee, which, by a parity of reasoning, must be con-

sidered to emanate from conscious intellectual antecedents, since

degraded to unconscious inheritance.

Meanwhile another athlete, Dr. Anton Dohrn, has sprung up

to contest the palm in a new arena, having published a pamphlet*

wherein he maintains the principle of universal degradation and

* «Unsprung der Werbelthiere und Princip des Functionswechsels.’

xlvii

retrogressive development, as opposed to, and entitled to super-

sede that of, universal progress !

“ Who shall decide when doctors disagree ?”

NOMENCLATURE.

Mr. Arnold Lewis has revived the discussion of ‘‘ Entomolo-

gical Nomenclature and the Rule of Priority,” in an elaborate

treatise published as an Appendix to the first volume of our

Transactions for 1875; wherein he dilates, with much cogency

of argument, on the propriety of maintaining the principle of

established usage, in contradistinction to the practice which has

obtained, in some quarters, of superseding universally accepted

names by others of earlier date but questionable accuracy, con-

sidered synonymous therewith, but long since obsolete, and in

the conjectural application of which the apostles of this creed

frequently and widely disagree.

The serious complications ensuing from such innovations are

indisputable; and the rule of priority, however excellent and

essential as originally applied in a limited sense to obviate con-

fusion, has been stretched to an extent which could hardly have

been anticipated, tending rather to augment than diminish this

evil, by introducing perplexing elements conflicting with time-

honoured accord.

Uniformity being the great desideratum, and the substitution

of antiquated names, of doubtful attributions, for others of esta-

blished repute, being a gratuitous infliction involving disastrous

consequences, any measure tending to promote the one and

counteract the other must be hailed as a step in the right

direction.

The proposed remedy suggests that ‘“‘a stand-point” should

be fixed—say from 1842, when the rule of priority was laid down

by the British Association, or any other preferable date which

should preclude contested references to anterior epochs—and to

regard the names universally recognised at such period as irre:

vocably permanent; respecting the law of priority as applicable

to those questionable at the time and subsequently, but depriving

that law of retroactive effect as regards others. Such at least

would seem to be the purport of the projected scheme.

There are, however, many abstruse questions affecting principles

of nomenclature which are continually occurring, and to which it

xviii

may be no less desirable to direct attention. Dr. Puton, in

noticing some of these anomalies on a recent occasion (Petites

Nouv., 120, 121), adverts to a principle which has been advocated,

that all are bound to make use of reason and good sense in these

and other matters; but Mr. Arnold Lewis emphatically objects

to the exercise of such discretionary authority ad libitum as a

reliable precept, which must inevitably leave the door open to

every possible latitude of interpretation according to the views of

particular individuals, thereby leading to perpetual inconsis-

tencies and interminable disagreement; although the evil is

comparatively a minor one to that of the elasticity of the present

law of priority, for which, as he contends, nothing but a new

enactment can adequately provide, by conferring the right to

retain the names in use.

It must be acknowledged that Mr. Arnold Lewis has done

good service in setting forth some of the preposterous results of

the present system, and in recording the opinions of many emi-

nent authorities in reference thereto ; but he touches very lightly

upon the means whereby such authoritative restrictions should

be determined, which, to be effectual, should be accepted as

equally binding upon all. General acquiescence, however, will,

he conceives, be readily attainable, as governed by considerations

of expediency, and by aconsciousness of the “real boon” which

such a measure would confer.

A curious illustration of the value of presumed dates under

the priority law is afforded by the anachronism which appears

in the recently published ‘ Statistique’ of the Macro-Lepidoptera

of ‘ Kure et Loire,’ by our honorary member, M. Achille Guenée,

whose volume, issued in 1875, has a title-page of the year 1867,

with a preface of 1866! In this work, M. Guenée discards

synonymy altogether; his principle being, as he states, to give

to each species the most ancient and best-known author’s name,

and that which he conceives should be definitively adopted.

Fossm Enromonoey.

Mr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., has read a paper before the

Geological Society, wherein he describes two new fossil species

of Macrurous Crustacea belonging to the genera Callianassa and

Mecocheirus, the former obtained from the Kimmeridge clay of

xlix

the Sub-Wealden Boring, the latter from the same clay of

Boulogne-sur-Mer ; also a new fossil crab, belonging to the genus

Harpactocarcinus, from the tertiary formation of New Zealand,

discovered by Dr. Hector, F.R.S., Director of the Geological

Survey of that Island.

Mr. Woodward has likewise described a remarkable fossil

orthopterous insect, from the English coal-measures, exhibited

by him at the Geological Section of the British Association on

the occasion of its last meeting at Bristol, which, from the vena-

tion of the wings and other characters, he considers to be related

to the Mantide, and for which he proposes the name of Litho-

mantis carbonarius. Also a fossil scorpion from the same coal-

measures, which he refers to the genus Kuscorpius, and which he

proposes to name H. Anglicus.

An important Memoir on ‘ Fossil Butterflies,’ by Mr. Samuel

Scudder, comprising all that has been hitherto recorded upon

this subject by text or illustration, has been published by the

American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Salem,

Mass., 1875.

M. Preudhomme de Borre has more recently described and

figured, in the ‘ Annales’ of the Belgian Entomological Society

(fasc. i1., 1875; pl. v., vi.), a remarkable fossil wing found in the

carboniferous schist at Mons, and attributed to a lepidopterous

insect allied to the genus Attacus, which he has named Breyeria

Borinensis. Mr. Scudder, however, demurs to the character

ascribed to this wing, furnished with transverse reticulations ;

while, in his opinion, differing also essentially in venation from

the aforesaid type (Compt. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., Jan. 8, 1876).

New Poupsuications, Memoirs, &c.

Our Transactions for the past year—consisting of four Parts,

illustrated by nine Plates—comprise the following Memoirs :—

In Myriapoda :—Description of a new Species of Spheridium

from the Borders of Mongolia, by Mr. A. G. Butler.

In Coleoptera:—Descriptions of new Hndomychici, by the

Rey. H. 8. Gorham (two papers); of new Genera and Species of

Phytophaga, by Mr. Joseph 8. Baly; of Lamellicorns from Japan,

by C. O.' Waterhouse; also of the male of Alcimus dilatatus

(Scarabeeide) ; of new Genera and Species from Austyralia, pl. 111. ;

and of Heteromera (Helopide), chiefly from Terra del Fuego, by

the same; of a new Species of Prosopoccelus (Lucanide), by

Major IF. J. Sydney Parry; of new Genera and Species of

Heteromera, pl. vi., vii., by Professor Westwood; also of Rutelide

inhabiting Eastern Asia and the Islands of the Malayan Archi-

pelago, pl. vili.; of a new Genus of Cleride (comprising seven

new species) from the last-mentioned region, pl. ix.; and of a

new Species of Lucanide, with a note on Lissotes obtusatus, by

the same author.

Professor Hermann Burmeister, of Buenos Ayres, has also

described a new Coleopterous Genus belonging to the Family

Scaritide, found on tbe shore of the River Uruguay, which he

has dedicated to Professor Westwood, under the name of Obadius

insignis.

In Neuroptera:—On the Neuropterous Fauna of Japan (exclu-

ding Odonata and Trichoptera), by Mr. R. McLachlan.

In Hymenoptera :—Descriptions ofnew Indian Aculeate Species,

pl. i., by Mr. Frederick Smith ; and of new Species belonging to

the Genus Nomia, pl. ii., by the same; also of other new Species

belonging to this Genus of Short-tongued Bees, pl. iv., v., by

Professor Westwood.

In Lepidoptera :—Contributions towards a Knowledge of the

Rhopalocera of Australia, by Mr. A. G. Butler; and a List of the

Lepidoptera referable to the Genus Hypsa of Walker's List, with

Descriptions of new Genera and Species, by the same author.

In Hemiptera:—Synopsis of British Hemiptera-Heteroptera,

Parts I. and II., by Mr. Edward Saunders,

The Supplementary Part of our Transactions for 1874 also

appeared in March last, accompanied by four Plates belonging to

Memoirs of that year.

The considerable number of new species of the remarkable

genus Nomia, described in the three papers aforesaid, by Mr.

Frederick Smith and Professor Westwood, deserves special notice;

forty-five hitherto unrecorded species of that genus having thus

been added to the list by the former, and sixteen more by the latter,

many of these being admirably figured in the accompanying

Plates; and the peculiar structural diversities exhibited in the

legs of the males being carefully delineated in numerous other

instances. These notable Memoirs constitute a valuable addition

to our ‘'T'ransactions’ of the year, and their juxtaposition in the

same volume is a felicitous coincidence. Many remarkable

Coleoptera have also been described and figured in the other

papers by Professor Westwood.

Mr. Smith has elsewhere called attention to the fallacies of Dr.

Kriechbaumer’s method of killing and preparing hymenopterous

insects for the cabinet; while vindicating his own mode of pro-

ceeding, infinitely superior in its results and far less complicated.

The attention of all students of this Order may be advantageously

directed to the system advocated by Mr. Smith.*

Two parts of the second series of the ‘Transactions of the

Linnean Society,’ section ‘ Zoloogy,’ have been published—to be

separated henceforth from the Botanical portion, as in their

‘Journal of Proceedings ;’—-the first of which contains a paper

“On some Atlantic Crustacea from the Challenger Expedition,”

by the late Dr. vy. Willemoes-Suhm; with descriptions of several

blind deep-sea species, including a remarkable Astacus (A. Zaleu-

cus) taken near Sombrero Island, W. I., in 450 fathoms, “ one of

the claws of which is developed to an extraordinary extent.”

This paper is illustrated by eight plates (tab. vi.—xiil.).

Descriptions of two new species of Crustacea from New

Zealand, by Captain F. W. Hutton; a paper on the Genus

Bathyporeia, by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing; another paper

on some new exotic Sessile-eyed Crustaceans, by the same; a

paper on the Genus Deidamia, by Mr. James Wood Mason; and

one on some new or undescribed species of Crustacea from the

Samoa Islands, by Mr. Edw. J. Miers, have appeared in the

‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History.’

“A Collection of the Arachnological Writings of Professor

Nicholas Marcellus Hentz,” under the title of ‘‘ The Spiders of

the United States,” has recently been published in a connected

form among the ‘Occasional Papers’ of the Boston Society of

Natural History (vol. ii., 1875), illustrated by twenty-one elaborate

‘plates; these papers having originally appeared from time to time,

extending over a long series of years, in the ‘ Proceedings’ of that

Society and in some other publications. They are now supple-

mented ,with a considerable number of notes, descriptions and

synonymical remarks, by Mr. J. H. Emerton and by Mr. W. E.

Holden, together with two new plates. Many highly inte-

resting observations on the habits of these spiders are dispersed

throughout the series.

* Vide Ent, M, Mag., Aug,, p. 62,

all

M. Eugéne Simon has published the second volume of his

‘ Arachnides de France,’ containing descriptions of a large number

of new species and of some new genera.

The Rev. O. P. Cambridge has described many new species of

Erigone in the ‘ Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society’

(parts 1, 2, 8); also a new species of Lophistius, in the British

Museum, from Penang; some new and rare British spiders; and

three new curious forms of Arachnida, in the ‘Annals and

Magazine of Natural History.’

Mr. A. G. Butler has also described some new species of spiders

from Queensland, in the ‘ Cistula Entomologica’ (pars xii., pl. x.);

and others from New Caledonia, Madagascar and Réunion, have

been described in the aforesaid publication of the Zoological

Society, by Dr. Thorell (part 2, pl. xxv.).

A formidable species of stridulating Mygale, from Assam, has

been described by Mr. Wood Mason in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Asiatic Society of Bengal’ (November, 1875), under the name of

M. stridulans. This faculty of emitting powerful chirping sounds

is common to both sexes, which are furnished alike with a kind

of comb within the jaws, presenting a number of chitinous elastic

teeth, acted upon by a denticulate scraper on the exterior region

of the chelicere.

We are indebted to Mr. F. P. Pascoe for several papers in the

‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ consisting of notes

and descriptions of new genera and species of Longicornia

(pl. viii., January); of new Asiatic species of Rhynchites (June) ;

of new Australian Curculionide (pl. 1, July); and of new

genera and species of Coleoptera from New Zealand (pl. v.,

September).

Descriptions of new species of Kumorphus and Corynomalus,

by the Rev. H.S. Gorham; of Trigoneurus, and of exotic Hydro-

philide, by Dr. Sharp; of Coleoptera from Morocco, by Messrs.

H. W. Bates and T. V. Wollaston; of Longicornia from South

America, by Mr. W. H. Bates; of Prionidee, by the same; of

exotic Phytophaga, by Mr. J. S. Baly; and of three new Aniso- —

tomide (from Scotland, Siberia and Algiers), by Mr. E. C. Rye;

have likewise appeared in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine.’

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse has described several new genera and

species of Coleoptera from South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius,

and the Seychelles, in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural

History’ (June, 1875). Also some new Rutelide, in the ‘ Cistula

Entomologica’ (pars xli.); some new species of Myodites and

Rhipidius (¢bid.); and some new Heteromera, with synonymical

notes (ibid., pars xiv.).

In the same publication we likewise meet with descriptions

of three South-American Cetoniide, by Mr. Oliver E. Janson

(pars xii.); a Reply to Criticisms on the ‘ Trichopterygia Illus-

trata, by the Rev. A. Matthews (pars xiv.); descriptions of

Australian Phytophaga, by Mr. Joseph S. Baly (ibid.); the de-

scription of a new species of the Leucanoid genus Cantharolethrus,

by Major F'. J. Sidney Parry (ibid.); and some notes on the same

genus, with descriptions of the female of C. Luxeri, by Mr. C. O.

Waterhouse (ibid., pars xii.).

The third and concluding portion of the Curculionide collected

by Mr. George Lewis in Japan, have been described in the

‘Annales’ of the Belgian Entomological Society (fasc. 11., 1875),

by M. W. Roelofs; and the Scolytide, by MM. Chapuis and

Eichhoff. An extensive Monograph of the Onitide, by M. J.

Van Lansberge, occupies the preceding fascicule of the same

‘ Annales.’

Dr. Sharp has described some new genera and species of

Longicornia from Australia, in the ‘Revue et Mag. de Zool.’

(Nos. 1, 2, 1875).

A Monographie List of:the Genus Plusiotis (Rutelide) of

America north of Panama, with descriptions of new species, by

M. Adolphe Boucard, has also been published in the ‘ Proceedings

of the Zoological Society’ (part 2, pl. xxiil.).

‘ The second and third parts of Mr. Robert M‘Lachlan’s ‘ Mono-

graphic Revision of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna,’

containing a continuation of the Limnophilide, have been

issued, with numerous plates of structural details admirably

delineated.

Some “ Notes on Odonata from Newfoundland,” by the Baron

EK. de Selys-Longchamps, are published in the ‘ Entomologist’s

Monthly Magazine.’

A series of papers containing “ Descriptions of Oak-Galls”

(with illustrations), translated from Dr. Mayr’s work on this

subject; and others from Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven’s “ Life-

histories of Sawflies;” have beem for some time in the course of

publication in various numbers of ‘ Newman’s Entomologist.’

liv

Mr. Hewitson’s admirable work on ‘ Exotic Butterflies’ con-

tinues to maintain its high reputation, appearing with its usual

regularity, and having now nearly reached its centenary, No. 97

having been published on the 1st of this month. Various papers

by the same author, containing descriptions of new species from |

different localities, have appeared in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly |

Magazine.’

In the same publication we also meet with descriptions of new |

species of Brassoline from Bogota, by Mr. W. L. Distant; of

Diurnal Lepidoptera from Newfoundland, by Mr. H. W. Bates; _

of Japanese Rhopalocera, by the Rev. R. P. Murray; and of |

others from Central Africa, by Mr. Herbert Druce. A paper by |

the latter on the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Angola, with descriptions

of some new species, has also appeared in the ‘ Illustrated Pro- |

ceedings of the Zoological Society’ (part 3); and descriptions of |

new Asiatic Lepidoptera, by Mr. Frederic Moore, are comprised |

in the concluding part of the same ‘Proceedings’ for the previous

year (pl. lxvi., Ixvii.).

Various new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera have also been |

described in the ‘ Cistula Entomologica’ (pars xii.), by Mr. Herbert

Druce; and a review of Dr. Boisduval’s ‘Monographie des Aga-

ristidées, by Mr. W. F. Kirby, appears in the same publication

(ibid.); as well as “Remarks on the Synonymy of the Atlas of

the Heterocerous Sphingide and Noctuide of the Voyage of the

Frigate ‘Novara’;”” by Mr. R. H. Stretch, of San Francisco

(pars xiv.).

Mr. W. H. Edwards has published parts 2 and 3 of the second

series of his ‘ Butterflies of North America,’ each containing five

coloured plates.

We have to thank Mr. A. G. Butler for supplying, with his |

customary zeal and energy, a long list of memoirs in this Order, |

comprising (in addition to those in our Transactions, already |

referred to) the following:—In the ‘Annals and Magazine of

Natural History,’ Notes on certain Genera of Agaristide, with

Descriptions of new Species (pl. xii., February); of Butterflies

from Tropical. America (March); of Lepidoptera from Central

America (May); of new Genera and Species in the Collection of

the British Museum (June); a Revision of the Subfamily Peri-

copiine of the Family Arctiide, with Descriptions of new Species

(September) ; of two new Species of Arctiidze (ibid.); and of new |

Genera and Species of Lepidoptera from South Africa (December).

Also, in the ‘ Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’

Descriptions of thirty-three new or little-known Sphingide in

the Collection of the British Museum (part 1, pl.i., 11.); of four

new species of Protogonius (tbid., pl. v.); of other new Species of

Sphingide (part 2, pl. xxxvi., xxxvu.); and of Indian Hetero-

cerous Lepidoptera (part 3). Likewise, in the ‘ Cistula Entomo-

logica,’ a Revision of the Genus Spilosoma and the allied Groups

of the Family Arctiide (pars xiy.). And, in the ‘ Entomologist’s

Monthly Magazine, —Notes on Mr. Scudder’s “ Historical Sketch.

of the Generic Names proposed for Butterflies” (June); and a

Revision of the Genus Kusemia, with Descriptions of new Species

(October)..

We are further indebted to Mr. Butler for descriptions of three

new Species of Homopterous Insects in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Zoological Society’ (part 4, 1874); and for a List of the Species

of the Homopterous Genus Hemispheerius, with Descriptions of

new Species in the Collection of the British Museum (‘ Ann. Nat.

Hist.,, Aug., 1875).

M. Signoret has* concluded his exhaustive Mémoire on the

Coccide, in seventeen parts, the latter portion (14—17) having

appeared in the ‘Annales’ of the French Entomological Society

during the past year, leaving only some supplementary notes and

general tables to be appended thereto.

A posthumous Monograph by Dr. F. X. Fieber on the Euro-

pean Cicadinze occupies several recent parts of the ‘ Révue et

Mag. de Zoologie.’ |

Dr. Puton has published a second edition of his Catalogue of the

Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin,

with considerable additions, comprising also the Homoptera.

Various papers on British MHemiptera-Heteroptera and

-Homoptera, by Messrs. Douglas and Scott, have also appeared

in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine.’

Professor Westwood has likewise communicated to the same

periodical (April) the description of a new Pulicideous insect from

Ceylon (Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus), which attacks the domestic fowl,

attaching itself firmly by its rostrum in considerable numbers

around the eyes and neck, whereof specimens were exhibited at

one of our meetings (June). .

Papers on the arrangement of the British Anthomyiide, by

lvi

Mr. R. H. Meade; on Asphondylia Ulicis, by Mr. G. H. Verrall;

and Notes on the British Dolichopodide, with Descriptions of

new Species, by the same; are also published in the aforesaid

‘ Magazine.’

Some Contributions to the Diptera of New Zealand, by Mr.

A. G. Butler, have also appeared in the ‘ Cistula Entomologica’

(pars x1i.).

Another volume of the ‘ Zoological Record, under the Editor-

ship of Mr. E. C. Rye, has been issued during the year.

, In concluding these remarks, I would venture to turn, for a few

honourable position in which your suffrages have placed me

during the last biennium, it is a subject of happy augury to us all

that this Chair will be so worthily filled by my distinguished

predecessor and successor, Professor Westwood, whose name

possesses a prestige of imperishable fame, which must constitute

a centre of attraction to all Entomologists at home, and re-esta-

blish the influence of his presiding genius in the estimation of

the world.

If our metropolitan brethren should thus be brought to

recognise the obvious benefits which must accrue to all alike by

concentrating their energies to a common focus, the efficiency

and value of united action would be proportionally extended

thereby ; while the accumulated resources of bygone years which

our bibliographical stores now present, would prove of inestimable

advantage to all who join us.

A vote of thanks was given to the President and other officers for their

services, especially to the Treasurer (Mr. McLachlan) and the Librarian

(Mr. Janson) on retirement from their offices.

Ivii

Abstract of Treasurer’s Account for 1875.

Receipts. avments.

Ste Gh £ s. d.

Balance brought from last Rent, Librarian and Office

Account - - : O38 2% Expenses” - : =) >, Os 2

Arrears of Subscriptions re- Printing - = : 5 ae ae

ceived in 1875 - - 1111 O| Plates—Engraving & Printing 24 1 0

154 Subscriptions for 1875 - 161 14 0} Books purchased and Binding 5 2 6

8 Admission Fees - - 1616 O| Tea, &., 12 Meetings - = 12F ORO

2 Compositions - = - 3110 0 | Compositions invested = SOR

Tea Subscriptions : - 1718 6 | Balance in Treasurer’s hands 63 3 11

Sale of Publications - oO mor 9

Dividend on £215 3s. 2d.

Consols - - - a) dfs)

Special Donation from W, D.

Robinson-Douglas, Esq. 1010 0

£346 11 1 3346 11 11

Audited and found correct,

January 14, 1876.

J. JENNER WEIR.

W. C. Boyp.

W. Come.

SAMUEL STEVENS.

J. W. DuNNING.

OO Ore

Assets of the Society.

£ ss. d

Arrears of Subscriptions considered good : 24 3 0

Cost of £215 3s. 2d. 3 ¥ Cent. Consols_— - Suga (0)

Cash Balance in hand

London, January 14, 1876.

= E = E (op) ay Il

i. M‘LACHLAN, Treasurer.

E. NEWMAN, PRINTER,

32, BOTOLPH LANE, EASTCHEAP, E.C.

-< aucune

(> “Lixey)

INDEX.

Notre.— Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the description

of the Insect will be found at the page referred to.

The Arabie Figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions ;’ the

Roman Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’

PAGE | PAGE

GENERAL SUBJECTS ...... lix | LEPIDOPTERA .c--ceeees Ixvii

APHANIPTERA ....cecccees lix MEVRTOPODA @ ssievcrecicleleis) DSVLLE

PACRAGEUNIED AG crete cisisicicimacle cs LIS NEUROPTERA <evcsecs .. Lxviii

COLHOPTHRA “Jc. s5.0006 lx ORTHOPTERA .....-0- «- Ixvili

IDI HRVAS? kafehsieliafe bie,.e icles sie%sis Ixii STREPSIPTERA ....--..e- IXVili

FEMME NERA, o/ciciaie) sie 6 5.0.6 Soe [bil "TVEEY SUA NIUIBGAL c'clorsieielevaone 17 on EXOVIET

HYMENOPTERA ......... ne Abval |

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Abstract of the Treasurer’s Account, lvii.

Anniversary Address of the President, xxx.

Annual Report of the Council, xxvii.

Doubleday, Henry, announcement of death, xvii.

Entomological Nomenclature.—Paper by Dr. Leconte, in the Canadian

Entomologist, noticed, v.— Paper by Mr. W. A. Lewis (Appendix).

Kerguelen’s Land, insects taken in, xii.— exhibited, xv.

Members of Council elected, xxix.

President’s Address in the new meeting room, xx.

Removal of Library from Bedford Row to Chandos Street, xix.

APHANIPTERA.

Chigoe, specimens exhibited, iv.

Fleas from a rabbit exhibited, iii.—from a fowl, a hedgehog and marmot,

iii—tfrom rabbits, hedgehogs and mice, iv.—exhibited in micro-

scopic slides, xvi.

ARACHNIDA.

Acari on wing of Catocala nupta, xxiii.

Chekanops taken under the elytra of a Passalus, xii.

Trapdoor Spiders, nest in cavities in the bark of trees, xviii.

(&}

COLEOPTERA.

Adoretus tenuimaculatus, 112.

Aigialia nitida, 95.

Alcimus dilatatus, 163.

Aleochara hibernica, taken in Ireland, xxvi.

Allochotes, 241.—A. apicalis, 242.—bicolor, 241.—chrysomelina, 242.—

coccinella, 242.—eubrioides, 242.—fulvescens, 242.—scymnoides,

242. :

Amara continua exhibited, 1.

Ammecius nitidulus, 93.

Amphisternus sanguinolentus, 311.

Ancylopus indicus, 312.

Anisotoma algirica from Algiers, xxiv.—A. curta taken at Esher, xxiv.

—A. oblonga taken near Farnham, xxiv.

Anomala difficilis, 111.—flavilabris, 110.—geniculata, 109.—pubicollis,

111.—testaceipes, 110.

Aphodius apicalis, 80.—atratus, 91.—breviusculus, 82.—castaneipennis,

83.—diversus, 82.—elegans, 81.—globulus, 80.—impunctatus, 85.

— Lewisii, 92.—lividipennis, 81.—major, 80.—nigerrimus, 83.—

nigrotessellatus, 91.—obsoleteguttatus, 86.—obsoletus, 88.—ovalis,

89.—pallidicinctus, 85.--pallidiligonis, 87.—punctatus, 87.—

quadripunctatus, 83.— rectus, 82.—rufangulus, 89.—rugoso-

striatus, 92.—uniformis, 84.—wuniplagiatus, 84.—wrostigma, 90.—

variabilis, 90.—vitta, 86.

Apogonia splendida, 102.—major, 103.

Atryphodes quadridentatus, 205.

Bolboceras nigroplagiatum, 96.

Bratyna, 228.—B. apicalis, 228.

Caccobius jessoénsis, 73.—brevis, 73.

Carystea, 24.

Catharsius ochus, 73.

Chalcotenia cuprascens, 203.—elongata, 203.—occidentalis, 205.—

quadri-impressa, 204.—quadrisignata, 203.

Chitoniscus, 331.— C. brevipennis, 332.

Chrysomela cerealis, from Snowdon, xviii.

Clerid@, new species described, 241.

Cockchaffer, colouring matter from the, iii.

Copris acutidens, 75.—tripartita, 74.

Corynomalus felix, 14.—maculicollis, 14.—vexillarius, 13.

Cryptophagus populi, taken near Farnham, xxiii.—C. swbfwmatus near

London, xxvi.

Cyphelytra, 236.—C. ochracea, 237.

Danerces, 228.—D. apicalis, 231.—basalis, 231.—biguttulus, 231.—

bipartita, 230.—fraterna, 230.—fulva, 231.—fulvicollis, 230.—

laticornis, 232.—luteicornis, 229.—nasalis, 232.—nigra, 230.—

picea, 230.—sutwralis, 231.

Deridea, 226.—D. curculionoides, 227.

Diphyllocera striata, 206.

( Ixi_ )

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Ectinohoplia variolosa, 99.

Encymon ferialis, 312.

Endomychici, new species described, 11.—new species described, 311.

Endomychus bicolor, 22.

Engonius signifer, 311.

Epipocus mollicomus, 15.

Ephebus depressus, 17.—ignobilis, 17.

Epholeis, 192.—E. divergens, 192.

Epopterus dilectus, 16.

Epurea neglecta, taken at Darenth, xxiii.

Eumela, 23.

Eumorphus Fryanus, 13.

Euphitrea, 27.—#H. micans, 28.— Wallacei, 28.

Eutrea, 24.—E. Bowringii, 25.

Geotrupes levistriatus, 97.—purpurascens, 97.

Helopide, descriptions of new species, 331.

Heteromera, new species described, 223.

Heilipus, species attacked by a fungus, xvii.

Holotrichia castanea, 104.—morosa, 104.—parallela, 103.—picea, 103.—

transversa, 105.

Homalota egregia, taken at Caterham, xxvi.

Hoplia communis, 100.—merens, 100.

Hoplosternus japonicus, 106.

Hydaticus Adamsi, Bowringii and japonicus, correction of error in Dr.

Sharp’s Memoir, vi.

Hydromedion, 333.—H. elongatum, 333.—elongatum, var. 336.—varie-

gatum, 336.

Ino dimidiatus, 191.

Lamellicornes, new species from Japan, 71.

Lepidiota squamulata, 201.

Lepidoderma, 201.—L. albohirtum, 202.

Lissotes obtusatus, note on, 244.

Intera, 236.—L. luteola, 236.

Mechidius acutangulus, 196.—ater, 195.—brevis, 195.—corrosus, 200.—

emarginatus, 198.—excisus, 197.—graciiis, 200.—latus, 193.—

longitarsis, 194.—MacLeayanus, 199.—sexdentatus, 199.—sor-

didus, 198.—spurius, 193.—variolosus, 194.

Mesoplatys, 23.

Moluris gravida, 223.—Procrustes, 224.—Rowleiana, 223.

Monohammus heros, bred in England, vi.

Obadius, 339.— O. insignis, 341.

Ochodeus maculatus, 95.

Onthophagus ater, 76.—atripennis, 77.—fodiens, 75.—japonicus, 76.—

Lenzii, 75.—nitidus, 78.—ocello-punctatus, 79.—phaneoides, 79.

viduus, 78.

Orchestes semirufus, taken at Woking, 340.

Panomea borneensis, 21.

( Ixii_ —)

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Paradibolia, 31.--P. indiea, 31.

Parahelops, 333.—P. Darwinii, 334.—Haversii, 336.—pubescens, 334.—

quadricollis, 335,

Phalantha pictipennis, 313.

Phyllopertha diversa, 106.—irregularis, 107.—orientalis, 108.

Phytophaga, new species described, 23.

Pollaplonyx, 105.—P. flavidus, 105.

Potato beetle, letter from Colorado, x.—extract from Report of Survey in

Colorado, x.—Remarks by Mr. Bates and Mr. Stevens, x.

Prosopocelus Wimberleyi, 161.

Psammodius convexus, 94.—poreicollis, taken at Whitsand Bay, xxiii.

_Rhipidocera mystacina, 202.

Rhomborrhina polita, 113.

Rhymbus decipiens, 21.—Rhizobioides, 20.

Rhypetra, 30.—R. costata, 30.

Rihysodina, 225.—R. Mniszechii, drawings of, v.— Mniszechii, 226.

Rhyssemus asperulus, 94.

Rutelarcha, 235.—R. quadrimaculata, 235.

Rutelide, new species described, 233.

Saprosites japonicus, 93,

Scortizus pulverosus, 243.

Serica boops, 101.—grisea, 101.—japoniea, 102.—polita, 102.

Stenotarsus macroceras, 18.—pantherinus, 19.—punctatostriatus, 20.—

scymnoides, 19.

Styrax, 227.—S. tricondyloides, 227.

Temnoplectron parvulum, 72.

Thelgetrum, 314.—T. ampliatum, 314.

Trichius septemdecimguttatus, 115.

Trox obscwr'us, 98.—opacotuberculatus, 99.—setifer, 98.

Trycherus Fryanus, 12.—longanimis, 11.

Urleta, 237.—U. ometoides, 238.

Valgus angusticollis, 115.

Xanthocycla, 29.—X, Chapuisii, 29.

Xenaltica, 25.—X. Murrayi, 26.—picea, 26.

Zonitis, different species, parasitic on Osmia tridentata and Anthidium

contractum, xvii.—Z. preusta, obtained from cells of Osmia

tridentata, xxv.

DIPTERA.

Conops flavipes, parasitic on Osmia, xviii.

Ephydra, lary and drawings of pup exhibited, xxiv.

Senometopia spinipennis, parasitic on Osmia, xviii.

HEMIPTERA.

Acalypta brunnea, 251.—cervina, 252.—macrophthalma, 253.—nigrina,

252.—parvula, 252.

Acanthosoma dentatuwm, 127.—griseum, 127.—hemorrhoidale, 127.—

tristriatum, 127.

( Ixiii_ )

HEMIPTERA—continued.

Acetropis Gimmerthalii, 258.

Acompus rufipes, 155.

Allia acuminata, 122.

Mlioides inflexus, 123.

Aitorhinus angulatus, 281.

Alydus calearatus, 134.

Amblytylus affinis, 298.

Aneurus levis, 253.

Anotherops setulosus, 295.

Aradus aterrimus, 254.—corticalis, 254.—depressus, 253.

Atractus Dalmanii, 130.

Atractotomus mali, 300.

Bathysolen nubilus, 131.

Berytus clavipes, 137.—cognatus, 137.—crassipes, 137.—minor, 137.—

montivagus, 136.—pygmeus, 136.

Bothynotus pilosus, 272.

Bryoeoris pteridis, 278.

Byrsoptera rufifrons, 283.

Calocoris alpestris, 270.—bipunctatus, 270.—chenopodii, 270.—fulvo-

maculatus, 267.—infusus, 269.—marginellus, 269.—roseomacu-

latus, 269.—seticornis, 267.—seaguttatus, 268.—striatellus, 268.

striatus, 268,.—ticinensis, 269.

Calyptonotus lynceus, 147.—pedestris, 147.—pini, 147.—quadratus, 147.

—Rolandri, 146.

Camptobrochis lutescens, 277.

Campyloneura virgula, 281.

Campylostira brachycera, 246.

Capsus laniarius, 271.—scutellaris, 271.

Ceraleptus lividus, 131.

Chilacis typhe, 159.

Chlamydatus ambulans, 282.—caricis, 282.—insignis, 282.

Chorosoma Schillingi, 134.

Conostethus roseus, 298.—salinus, 298.

Coreus scapha, 1380.

Corimelena scarabeoides, 119.

Corizus abutilon, 1382.—capitatus, 1383.—crassicornis, 132.—maculatus,

133.—parumpunctatus, 133.

Cylloeoris histrionicus, 280.

Cymus claviculus, 159.—glandicolor, 158.—melanocephalus, 159.

Dasycoris hirticornis, 131.

Derephysia foliacea, 250.

Dichrooscytus rufipennis, 273.

Dictyonota crassicornis, 250.—fuliginosa, 251.—strichnocera, 251.

Dicyphus annulatus, 284.—errans, 285.—globulifer, 284.—pallicornis,

285.—pallidus, 285.

Dieuches luscus, 145.

Drymus brunneus, 151,—pilicornis, 151.—pilipes, 151.—-sylvaticus, 151.

( Ixiv_ )

HEMIPTERA— continued.

Emblethis verbasci, 146.

Eremocoris plebeius, 143.—podagricus, 143.

Eroticoris rufescens, 281.

EBurygaster maurus, 119.—niger, 119.

Hysarcoris eneus, 123.—melanocephalus, 123.

Gastrodes abietis, 140.—ferrugineus, 140.

Geotomus punctulatus, 120.

Globiceps ater, 280.—dispar, 280.—flavomaculatus, 279.—flavonotatus,

279.—fulvipes, 279.

Gonocerus venator, 129.

Hadrodema pinastri, 274.

Halticus apterus, 287.—luteicollis, 287.

Harpocera thoracica, 299.

Henestaris laticeps, 142.

Heterocordylus tibialis, 288.—wnicolor, 288.

Heterotoma merioptera, 295.

Hoplomachus Thunbergi, 296.

Ischnocoris hemipterus, 149.

Ischnodemus sabuleti, 157.

Ischnorhynchus didymus, 158.—geminatus, 158.

Jalla dumosa, 124.

Lamproplax piceus, 150.

Lasiosomus enervis, 155.

Leptoterna dolobrata, 261.—ferrugata, 262.

Liocoris tripustulatus, 272.

Lopus gothicus, 263.—mat, 263.—sulcatus, 263.

Loxops coccineus, 289,

Lygus cervinus, 277.—contaminatus, 275.—Kalmii, 276.—lucorum, 275.

pabulinus, 275.—pastinacee, 276.—pratensis, 276.—rubricatus,

277.—Spinole, 275.

Macrocoleus hortulanus, 296.— molliculus, 297.— Paykullii, 297.—

solitarius, 297.—tanaceti, 296.

Macrodema microptera, 149.

Macrolophus nubilus, 286.

Malacocoris chlorizans, 286.

Megalocerea erratica, 259.—longicornis, 260.—ruficornis, 260.

Metacanthus punctipes, 135.

Metatropis rufescens, 135.

Miridius quadrivirgatus, 266.

Miris calearatus, 258.—holsatus, 259.—levigatus, 259.

Monalocoris filicis, 278.

Monanthia ampliata, 248.—cardui, 248.—costata, 248.—dumetorum,

249.—humuli, 249.—quadrimaculata, 249.—reticulata, 247.—

simplex, 250.

Myrmus miriformis, 133.

Neides parailelus, 138.—tipularius, 138.

Notochilus limbatus, 144.

Ce erbseye ws)

HEMIPTERA—continued.

Nysius brunneus, 142.—thymi, 142.

Odontoscelis fuliginosus, 119. :

Oncognathus binotatus, 266.

Oncotylus decolor, 299.

Orthocephalus coriaceus, 289.—saltator, 289.

Orthotylus bilineatus, 290.—chloropterus, 294.—concolor, 2938.—dia-

phanus, 291.—Douglasi, 293.—ericetorum, 294.—flavinervis, 292.

—flavosparsus, 292.—nassatus, 292.—obsoletus, 295.—prasinus,

291.—rubidus, 294.—Saundersi, 293.—striicornis, 291.—tenellus,

292.

Pantilius tunicatus, 262.

Pentatoma baccarum, 125.—juniperinum, 126.—verbasci, 125.—vernale,

126.—viridissima, 126.

Peritrechus luniger, 153.—nubilus, 154.

Phygadicus artemisiea, 157.—urtice, 156.

Phylus avellane, 300.—coryli, 300.—melanocephalus, 300.—palliceps,

300.

Phytocoris distinetus, 264.—longipennis, 264.—pini, 265.—populi, 264.

—Reuteri, 265.—tilie, 265.—ulmi, 266.—varipes, 265.

Picromerus bidens, 128.

Piesma capitata, 246.—Laportei, 246.—quadrata, 245.

Piezodorus lituratus, 126.

Pilophorus bifasciatus, 287.—clavatus, 286.

Pionosomus varius, 150.

Pithanus Markeli, 278.

Plagiognathus albipennis, 306.—arbustorum, 307.—Bohemanni, 307.—

nigritulus, 308.—pulicarius, 308.—Roseri, 307.—saltitans, 308.

—viridulus, 307.— Wilkinsont, 309.

Plesiocoris rugicollis, 274.

Plinthisus bidentatus, 154.—brevipennis, 154.

Plociomerus fracticollis, 141.—luridus, 141.

Podisus luridus, 124.

Podops inunctus, 120.

Peciloscytus Gyllenhalii, 273.—nigritus, 273.—unifasciatus, 273.

Psallus alnicola, 305.—ambiguus, 302.—betuleti, 302.—Fiebert, 303.—

Kirschbaumi, 305.—lepidus, 304.—obscurellus, 302.— quercus, 303.

—roseus, 305.—Rotermundi, 303.—salicellus, 304.—sanguineus,

304.—simillimus, 303.—variabilis, 302.—varians, 305.

Pseudophieus Fallenti, 131.

Pyrrhocoris apterus, 138.

Rhacognathus punctatus, 124.

Rhopalotomus ater, 271.

Rhyparochromus antennatus, 153.—chiragra, 152,—dilatatus, 153.—

pretextatus, 153.—sabulicola, 152.

Sciocoris terreus, 122.

Scolopostethus adjunctus, 144.—affinis, 145.—contractus, 145.—erice-

torum, 145.—pictus, 144.

€-: levi)

MEMIPTERA—continued.

Sehirus albomarginatus, 121.—bicolor, 120,—bdiguttatus, 121.—dubius,

121.—morio, 121.

Serenthia leta, 246.

Stenocephalus agilis, 134.—neglectus, 135.

Stiphrosoma leucocephalum, 288.—luridum, 288.

Strachia festiva, 124.—oleracea, 125.

Stygnocoris arenarius, 156.—rusticus, 155.—sabulosus, 156.

Syromastes marginatus, 130.

Systellonotus triguttatus, 283.

Teratocoris antennatus, 260.—Saundersi, 261.—viridis, 261.

Therapha hyoscyami, 132.

Trapezonotus agrestis, 148.—distinguendus, 148.

Tropicoris rufipes, 128.

Tropistethus holosericeus, 149.

Verlusia rhombea, 129.

Zicrona caerulea, 123.

HYMENOPTERA.

Agenia festinata, 37.

Anthidium rasorium, 50.—parasites of, xvii.

A stata agilis, 39.

Cecidomyia botularia, galls on ash leaves, xiii.

Cerceris rufinodis, 41.—veloa, 41.—viscosus, 40.

Chrysis indigotea, parasitic on Osmia, xvii.

Colletes cunicularia from Shirley Common, ii.

Celioxys argentifrons, 48.—basalis, 48.—confusus, 50.—euneatus, 49.

Colletes cunicularia, from Shirley Common, ii.

Cryptus bimaculatus, parasitic on Osmia, xvii.

Cyathocera, 47.—C. nodicornis, 47.

Elis hirsuta, 36.—thoracica, 36.

Hurytoma rubicola, parasitic on Anthidium contractum, xvii.

Gorytes amatorius, 39.—tricolor, 40.

Halictus nitidiusculus, stylopized specimens, xvii.

Hymenoptera, a collection from Calcutta, iii.

Leucospis dorsigera, parasitic on Anthidiwm contractum, xvii.

Meranoplus bicolor, 34.

Methoca orientalis, 35.

Microgaster glomeratus, wanted in America, xix.

Monia, 221.—M., grisea, 222.

Mygnimia Atropos, 38.

Nomada adusta, 50.

Nomia enea, 63.—e@rata, 63.—albofasciata, 57.—antennata, 46.—

armata, 67.—aurifrons, 43, 212.—australica, 60.—basalis, 55.—

Buddha, 209.—ce@lestina, 220.—calida, 215.—candida, 68.—

capitata, 54.—carinata, 57.—chalybeata, 59.—cinerascens, 66.—

clypeata, 54.—combusta, 56, 212.— Cressoni, 218.—curvipes, 42.—

dentiventris, 62.—Elliotii, 44.—fervida, 55.—floralis, 58.—fulvo-

_—

€thewa, 7)

HYMENOPTERA — continued.

hirta, 68.—fuscipennis, 57.—generosa, 61.—gracilipes, 61, 217.—

iridescens, 213.—Kirbii, 69, 217.—lamellata, 65.—merens, 60.—

nana, 62.—nilotica, 63.—nubecola, 68.—opposita, 59.—oxybe-

loides, 42.—patellifera, 216.—pilipes, 56.—producta, 66.—punc-

tata, 213.—quadridentata, 58.—rubella, 65.—ruficornis, 62.—

rufipes, 64.—rufitarsis, 67.—rustica, 214.—seutellata, 45.—serra-

tula, 66.—simillima, 44.—Sykesiana, 211.—tarsalis, 221.—tegu-

lata, 69.—terminata, 56.—thoracica, 45.—tridentata, 64, 216.

Osmia, nest found in a lock, xvil.—parasites of, xvii.—additional para-

sites, XXv.

Oxybelus squamosus, 38.

Polistes gallicus, nest of, ii.

Priocnemis peregrinus, 37.

Pseudomyrma bicolor, 35.

Spilomena troglodytes, reared from bramble stems, xvii.

Stelis minutus, parasitic on Osmia, xviii.

Trypoxylon accumulator, 38.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Boisduval’s Sphingide, Dr., Mr. Butler’s review of, vi.

Calliplea, 1.—C. niveata, 2.

Diadema constans, 6.

Diurnal Lepidoptera, from Santarem, 1.

Huplocia inconspicua, 328.—moderata, 327.

Halias prasinana, sound emitted by, xv.

Heliozela sericiella, reared from oak, xxii.

Hypocysta epirius, 4.—metirius, 3.—pseudirius, 3.-- undulata, 2.

Hypsa clara, 318.—clavata, 317.—dicta, 316.—nebulosa, 322.—persecta,

317.—plaginota, 320.—producta, 320.—strigivenata, 321.

Junonia albicincta, 5.

Lepidoptera, from Santarem, ii.— taken in the Higher Alps, xxvi.

Leucania unipuncta (the Army Worm), exhibited, xviii.

Neochara stibostethia, 329.

Neptis latifasciata, 4.—mortifacies, 5.

Netrocoryne beata and denitza, correction of error, xix.

Noctua glarcosa, a dark variety, 1.

Ornithoptera, a species from Malabar, y.—Notes thereon by A. F. Sealy,

ix.—Species pronounced to be O. Minos, xvii.

Pachyphitona, 325.

Panglima gloriosa, 325.

Pieris napi, pape wanted in Virginia, iii.

Rhopalocera of Australia described, i.

Strenia clathrata, a variety, il.

Terias, remarks on different species by Rev. R. P. Murray, vii.

Zygena filipendule, var., bred, xxiv., Z. meliloti from New Forest, with

remarks thereon, xiv.

( Ixviii_ )

MYRIOPODA.

New species from Mongolia, 165,

Spherotherium nebulosum, 165.

Spirobolus, species from the West Indies, xxiii.

NEUROPTERA.

Acanthaclisis japonica, 174.

Aschna mixta, taken at Norwood, xxyvi.

Ascalaphus Ramburi, 177.

Dipteromimus, 170.—D. tipuliformis, 170.

Enoicyla pusilla, bred from cases found near Worcester, xxii.

Ephemera orientalis, 168.—japonica, 169.

Formicaleo contubernalis, 175.

Leptopanorpa, 187.—L. Ritseme, 187.—Sieboldi, 188.

Leptophlebia elongatula, 169.

Mantispa japonica, 178.

Myrmeleon micans, 176.

Neuroptera, collection from Yokohama, xiii.

Nothochrysa japonica, 182,

Osmylus flavicornis, 179.—hyalinatus, 181.—Pryeri, 180.—tessellatus,

180.

Panorpa japonica, 183.—Klugi, 185.—leucoptera, 186.—macrogaster,

184.—Pryeri, 185.— Wormaldi, 186.—(?) sp. 187.

Panorpodes, 188.—P. paradowxa, 189.

Perla lugubris, 172.—niponensis, 172.—tibialis, 171.—tinetipennis, 171.

Suphalasca magna, from Swan River, xiii.

ORTHOPTERA.

Caloptenus spretus (Rocky Mountain Locust), Remarks on habits, xviii.

—Used as food, xviii.

Empusa pauperata, species from Corfu, iv.

Locust, unknown species taken near Brighton, ix.

Mantide, young specimens exhibited, ix.

STREPSIPTERA.

Hylechthrus rubi, parasitic on Prosopis rubicola, xvii.

Larvez from Andrena Trimmerana, xv.

Stylops, specimens taken in Andrena atriceps, xii.

THYSANURA.

Lepisma, supposed new species, iv.—Farther remarks thereon, vi.

Lipura corticina, British examples of, vi.

Podura, minute species from Sierra Nevada (California), xvi.

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be forwarded to No. 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W., or to their rine

addresses.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCTETY

LONDON

FORTHE YERAR

1875.

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LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY C. ROWORTH & SONS,

| : NEWTON STREET, HIGH HOLBORN.

a | SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE,

‘% AND BY

LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER, PATERNOSTER ROW.

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| THE AGENT OF THE SOCIETY IN PARIS IS M. DEYROLLE, 19, RUE DB LA MONNAIE.

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[Price 2s. |

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CONTENTS OF PART V.

PAGE

XXII. Description of a new genus of Coleoptera, belonging to the family

Scaritide. By Dr. HERMANN BURMEISTER .- =a ee 339

Proceedings “ os a 54 a oe es «. xvii—lvii

Titie Page, List of Members, Index, &c.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

No. 11, CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE.

COUNCIL, 1875.

Sir SrpnEy SMITH SAUNDERS, C.M.G., President.

J. W. DUNNING, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.

FRANCIS P. PAscok, Esq., F.L.S., &c. Vice-Presidents.

J. JENNER WEIR, Esq., F.L.S.

RoBERT M‘LAcHLAN, Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer.

FERDINAND GRUT, Esq., F.L.S. i

A. G. BUTLER, Esq., F.L.S. } Secretaries.

W. C. Boyp, Esq.

G. C. CHAMPION, Esq.

RAPHAEL MELDOLA, Esq., F.C.S.

FREDERICK Moore, Esq.

Rey. R. P. MuRRAY, M.A.

FREDERICK SMITH, Esq.

The Meetings are held at 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, on the first

Wednesday in every month throughout the year.

The Library is open to Members and their friends every day from One to Six

o’clock, except on Saturday, when it closes at Three o’clock.

Members and Subscribers, resident more than fifteen miles from London, who

have paid their subscriptions for the current year, are entitled to receive the

Transactions without further payment, and to those resident in the United King-

dom they will be forwarded free, by post.

NOTICE.—The Subscriptions for 1876 are now due. Members and Subscribers

are requested to pay their Subscriptions at the earliest opportunity. Post Office

Orders should be made payable to the Zreaswrer (JOHN JENNER WEIR, Esq.),

or Secretary, and may be forwarded to No. 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish

Square, W.., or to their private addresses.

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